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THE 
 
 COLUMBIAN TRAYELLEE 
 
 STATISTICAL REGISTER 
 
 PRINCIPALLY RELATING 
 
 UNITED STATES 
 
 NOVEMBER, 1833, 
 
 BY JOHN H A YW ARD 
 
 ^f Vi/jshin:?-'' 
 
 PUBLISHED BY THE AUTHOR. 
 SOLD BY CARTER, HENDEE & Co., BOSTON: COLLINS & Co., NEW YORK: 
 GRIGG & ELLIOTT, PHILADELPHIA; GUSHING & SONS, BALTIMORE: • 
 TRUMAN, SMITH & Co. CINCINNATI : AND BY THE BOOK- 
 SELLERS GENERALLY IN THE SEVERAL 
 STATES. 
 

 ■[■ -^ 
 
A VIEIV OF THE UNITED STATES. 
 
 THF. UNITED STATE§J. 
 
 THE discovery of the Cape ot Good Hope in Hb, gnw uuIjo iK.vigntursotthat age a great impulse for adven- 
 ture. Christopher Columbus, a native of Genoa, a skillful na\ii5ator, ujjd a man of bold and onginal genius, under 
 the patronage of Isabella queen of Spain, departed from Palos on the 3d of August, 149-2, on a voyage of disco- 
 very, in the hope of finding a western pn5suo;e to the East Indies. 1-Ie discovered the Bahama Islands, ajid land- 
 erl on one of them, which he called St. Salvauor,on the 12th of October in tiie same year. When the success of 
 Columbus was known in Europe, the king of England dispatched two natives of Venice, John and Sebastian Ca- 
 bot, father and son, on a voyage of discovery. They arrived iji Newlbundland in June, 1497, proceeding thence 
 they discovered the continent of America, and traversed its coast from the 57 deg. north latitude to Florida. On 
 the discoveries made by the Cabots, the English founded their claim to the eastern part of North America. 
 
 America derived its name from Americus Ves]mcius, a Florentine, who, with an adventurer from Portugal, 
 in 1499 visited the continent at Paria in the 5th decree of north latitude, and publisiied on his return,- an account 
 of his voyage, and a description of the country. Tlie first, but unsuccessful attempt to plant a colony within 
 the limits of the United States, was made in 1503, in some part of South C.irolina, by an illustrious Frenchman, 
 Jasper Coligni, for the purpose of securing an asylum for the protestants from the persecution of the catholics 
 in France. In 1504 several navigators from France came to fish on the banks of Newfoundland. 
 
 In 15-34 a Florentine, in the employment of France, visited this continent, and it is supposed that he entered 
 the harbor of New- York. For many years following the coast of North America was visited by Europeans 
 for the purpose of fishing, and trading with the natives, but not for settlement. In 1540 the French made an 
 unsuccessful attempt to plant a colony in Canada. The gallant Sir Walter P^aleigh made several unsuccessful 
 attempts to plant a colony in Carolina, in 1584 and the three following years. His maiden queen Elizabeth 
 called this country Virginia. The first direct voyage from Europe to New England was made by Bartholomew 
 Gosnald in \60-2. He gave the name to Cape Cod, and erected a fort on an island in Buzzard's bay, the ruins of 
 which were lately visible. 
 
 In 1603 and 1G05 Penobscot and Massachusetts Bays were explored, and the rivers on that coast discovered. 
 In IBOfj, King James divided the country of Virginia, then considered as extending from the southern boundary 
 of Carolina to the northern boundary of Maine, into two districts, — North and South Virginia; the former he 
 granted, by letters patent, to Thomas Hanham and his associates under the style of the Plymouth Company ; 
 the other lie granted to Sir Thomas Gates and his associates, under the style of the London Company. The 
 members of these companies were princi[ially merchants, whose objects were trade with the natives and the 
 discovery of the precious metals. Before the dale of these letters patent the king of France had granted to Sieur 
 De Moots all the territory from New Jersey to Nova Scotia, then called Acadia. In 1604 the French made a 
 settlement on the Bay of Fundy and called it Port Royal ; and in 1608 they founded Q,uebec, the capital of 
 Canada. Colonics being planted in many parts of the United States by people of various nations of Europe, the 
 English, either by the right of prior discovery, or by the sword obtained jurisdiction over them all as early as 
 1661. Although these colonies from the time of their settlement to tiie treaty of Aix La Chapelle in 1748 were 
 much anoyed by their French neighbours and the Indians, still they grew very rapidly and added much to the 
 wealth and power of the British nation. Their settlements extended along the whole of their coast, but not far 
 into the wilderness. 
 
 The settlements of the French reached from the mouth of the river St. Lawrence to Montreal. They had 
 erected forts and trading houses on Lake Ontario, had planted New Orleans at the south, had discovered the 
 river Mississippi, and claimed the territory on its borders with its tributary streams and its delightful valleys. 
 
 The efi()rtsof the French to connect their northern and southern possessions by a line efforts along the 
 lakes, the Ohio, and down the Mississippi, produced the war of 1754 which terminated in the capture of Cluebec 
 by the English, September 13, 1759 ; the possession of all the Canadian posts in 1760, and a cession by France 
 to" England of all the northern settlements belonging to the former in America, by a treaty of peace made at Paris, 
 February 10, 1763. This war cost Great Britain and her American colonies much blood and treasure. Whilst 
 the British looked down on the colonists with a spirit of pride and domination, the colonists, with the bold spirit 
 of the New England fathers, counted their own resources, and learnt lessons of liberty. 
 
 In 1764 Great Britain commenced a series of measures for taxing her American colonics, without allowing 
 them the right of representation in Parliament. The colonies opposed those measures with great firmness and 
 eloquence, at the same time not abandoning their loyalty, until 1775, when, finding their country invaded by 
 British troops, aild forbearance no longer a virtue, they flew to arms, trusting in God and their own resources. 
 The sidrmish at Lexington on the 19th of April 1775, and the battle of Bunker Hill on the 17th of June 
 following, told a story worthy of freemen. As early as Septembers, 1774 a continental congress was held at 
 Philadelphia. All the 13 colonies attended by their delegates, excepting Georgia. Peyton Randolph was chosen 
 president, Charles Thompson, secretary. 
 
 This congress met again in May 1775 at the same place, when John Hancock of Boston, the proscribed 
 patriot, was chosen president. On the 15th of June following this Congress elected George Washington, a 
 delegate from Virginia, commander in chief of the American forces. 
 
 Soon after this, most of the colonies established governments of their own, acknowledging no source of 
 power but the people, and expressed, by their delegates to the continental congress, their wish to he considered 
 sovereign and independent states. On the 7th of June, 1776, a resolution to that eflect was proposed to that 
 body by Richard Henry Lee of Virginia, and seconded by John Adams of Massacliusetts. A committee 
 CO n posed of Jelferson, Adams, Franklin, Sherman, and Livingston, was appointed to draft it; and on the 
 4th of July, 1776, the memorable Declaration of Independence was adopted by a band of patriots and heroes, 
 the last survivor of whom was Charles Carroll, of CarroUton, who died Nov. 14, 1832. 
 
 The 13 states, united by ardent patriotism, courageously encountered the horrors and sufTerings of a seven 
 years' war, and under the guidance of the intrepid Washington, were rewarded with triumphant success. 
 In 1782 the British made overtures of peace, hostilities ceased ; and on the 3rd of September 1783 a treaty of 
 peace was concluded at Paris by John Adams, Benjamin Franklin and Henry Laurens. 
 
 In 1787 a convention of most of the states met at Philadelphia to revise their old articles of confederation, 
 and form a constitution better adapted to their present condition. A constitution was formed, which was 
 afterwards sanctioned by the people of the several states, and which, with some amendments, is now in force. 
 This constitution connects the states more closely together by establishing a general and supreme government, 
 composed of a legislative, an executive, and a judicial department. The first consists of a senate and house of 
 representatives, and is styled the congress. The members of the house are chosen by the people, and hold 
 their office two years. They are apportioned among the states according to the number of inliabitants, us 
 ascertained every tenth year, deducting two fifths of the slaves. The ratio as established under the census of 
 18.30, is one for every 47,700. 
 
 Tlu' senators are the representatives of the states in their sovereign capacity and are chosen for six years by 
 the sl;ile Utiislalnies, each choosing two. The executive power is vested in a president ajipointcd by electors, 
 nl wliniu eurli slate appoints a II umber equal to its represent.alives in congress, and also two more insucli manner as 
 the legislature may direct. The president is elected for four years ; he is commander in chief of the land and 
 i)a\al foivob ; lie iioiiiinatcs to the senate all officers of the general government ; and willi llu advice and consent 
 
of that Tiody, ratifies treaties. A vip« president is chosen in the same manner and for the same term, to pei form 
 all the duties of president when that office is vacant by death, resignation or removal. I'he vice president is 
 cx-officio president ot'the senate. Thejudicial power of the United States is vested in a Supreme Court, and 
 such inferior courts as congress may establish : It extends to all cases arising under the constitution, the laws 
 of congress, and treaties of the United States; to all cases of admiralty and maritime _furisdietion, to all 
 controversies between citizens of diflerent states, and between foreigners and citizens of the United States 
 The Judges hold their offices during good behaviour. Neither this constitution, nor a history of the revolutionary 
 war can be given here ; they are a part of the records of immortal fame; and, next to the book of inspiration 
 should he owned and understood by every child of America. 
 
 The government under its new organization commenced operations at New-York on the 4th of March -1789. 
 The elex:tors unanimously chose a? their president, " the Man first in war, first in peace, and first in the hearts 
 of his countrymen." 
 
 The commercial treaty made with Great Britain by John Jay of New-York in 1794; advocated by the 
 Hamiltons and Ameses of that day, and sanctioned by Washington, laid the corner stone of American commer- 
 cial prosperity. 
 
 With the exception of the bloodless insurrection ofShays in Massachusetts in 1786, and that in Pennsylvania 
 in 1794, the momentary war with the French Directory in 1798, memorable more for its standing army and direct 
 taxes than for any miUtary achievements ; the collision with the Barbary slates in 1804 and 5, in which Deca- 
 tur, Eaton and others, gained unfading laurels; and of those wars with the natives, the fee simple proprietors 
 of the sod, who still inhabit its distant borders ; the United States enjoyed,for a scries of years, unexampled peace, 
 prosperity and happiness. 
 
 In IS07 the British nation had become as much the tyrant of the ocean as Napoleon had of the continent of 
 Europe. American commerce was disturbed in every sea. On the 22nd of December 1807, the government 
 of tlie United States commenced a system of embargo and non-intercourse laws, of the wisdom of which some 
 wise men have doubted, The two champions in jEuro|)e continuing at war, our gallant seamen impressed, 
 our coasts invaded, and our commerce with foreign nations almost annihilated, the government of the United 
 States remonstrated with the French and English cabinets, and after much vain negotiation, war was declared 
 against Great Britain on the 18th of June 181'2. This war, although of doubtful expediency, resulted in relieving 
 the British nation of all doubt in regard to American naval i)rowess. Peace was concluded at Ghent on the 
 24th of December 1814, and ratified by the United States on the 17th of February following. 
 
 Besides the territory of the British colonies, acquired by the United States, in their conflict for independence, 
 much has been added to their dominions by the purchase of the Louisiana territory of France, in April 1803 ; by 
 the cession of the Floridas by Spain in 1819, and by various treaiies, compromises and battles with dltlijrcnt tribes 
 of Indians, at diflcrent periods. 
 
 The immense Territory of the United States is bounded as follows : viz. E. and S. E. by the Atlantic ocean ; 
 S. by the Gulf of Mexico; S. W. by the Mexican States ; W. by the Pacific ocean, and N. by the Russian 
 and British territories in North America. This extensive region has the following hmits : commencing on 
 Passamaquoddy bay, at the moutk of the St. Croix River, and thcuce along the Atlantic ocean to Florida point, 
 1800 miles; thence along the Gulf of Mexico to the mouth of the Sabine river, 1100 miles; from the mouth of 
 the Sabine, in common with the Mexican States to the Pacific ocean, 3300 miles : along the Pacific ocean from 
 Lat. 42° to about 49° N. 500 miles ; due E. fiom the Pacific ocean on Lat. 49° N. on the Russian territories 
 to the Rocky or C'hippcwan mountains, GOO miles; thence in cojnnion with British North America, to the 
 mouth of the St. Croix, 3000 miles ; having an entire outline of 9,300 miles. 
 
 MAINE. 
 
 The District of Maine, so called, until it became an independent state in 1820, had been connected with 
 Massachusetts in all its political and social relations. The celebrated John Smith made an unsuccessful 
 attempt to settle this country in 1614. The first permanent lodgement of the whites in this state was made 
 from the Plymouth colony at York, in 1630. Emigration to this state has been more slow than to those 
 of a milder climate ; yet perhaps there is no state in the union, that promises more independence from its 
 own natural strength and resources than Maine. Its first settlers were a race of men with good minds, stout 
 hearts and strong arms ; by them and their sons the stately forests were converted into an article of commerce, 
 of immense value ; thus preparing large portions of the soil for its ultimate staples, — wheat, beef, and wool. 
 The St. Croix, Shcepsrot, Androscoggin, Saco and other rivers, with the noble Penob.scot and Kennebec, 
 flowing into the sea on her extensive coast, meeting at their mou'hs many delightful bays, with islands of 
 romantic beauty, where good harbours abound ; together with her fine ships, and liprdy sailors, give to Maine 
 peculiar advantages for navigation and the fisheries. Portland is the most important mart of trade in this state, and 
 has a fine harbour near the sea. Augusta, at the head of sloop navigation on the Kennebec, 45 miles from its 
 mouth, in lat. 44° 17' N. and Ion. 69° 50' W. is a beautiful town, and is now become the capital of the state. 
 
 The bank capital of this state is $2,170,000. In 1826 there were 138,000 children in Maine, between 4and 
 21 3'ears of age, of which about 102,000 attended school. The annual expendit^ire is about S138,000. Every 
 town within the state is obliged by law to raise annually, a sum equivalent at least to 40 cents from each person 
 within the town, for the support of common schools. Large tracts of very excellent land in this state, and many 
 beautiful islands in the bays on its coast, are for sale on favourable terms to purchasers. 
 
 This State is bounded north west, and north by Lower Canada ; east by New Brunswick ; south by the 
 Atlantic ocean; and west by New Ilanijisliire. Situated between 43° 5' and 48° 3 North Lat. and 70*^ 55' 
 and 66° 47' East Longitude. Cap- Elizabeth Liuht, Lat. 43° :;3' N. and Lon: 70° 11' W. 
 
 WE^^-MAMPSMIRE. 
 
 This State was first peopled by Europeans, by virtue of a grant trom the Plymouth Company to John 
 Mason and Ferdinando Gorges, in 1622. Their first locations were at Little Harbour, on the west side ol 
 Piscataqua river, and at Cocheco, now Dover. In 1631 the first house was built at Portsmouth. In 1638 
 Exeter was settled. In 1641 the first settlers formed a coalition with Jilassachusctts, an<l remained connected 
 with that colony until 1679. In 1719 about 100 families from the north of Ireland settk-d at Londonderry: 
 They introduced the foot spinning wheel, the manufacture of linen, and the culture of potatoes. In 1776 
 this colony led the van in forming a constitution of her own, founded on the free suffrages of the people. New- 
 Hampshire is more mountainous than any of her sister states, yet she boasts of large quantities of luxuriant inter- 
 val. Her high lands produce food for cattle of peculiar sweetness ; and no where can be found the necessa- 
 ries, conveniences, and luxuries of life, united, in greater abundance : cattle and wool are its principal sta)iles. 
 This state may be said to be the mother of New-England rivers. The Connecticut, Merrimac, Saco, Andros- 
 coggin and Piscataqua receive the most of their waters I'rom the highlands of New-Hampshire : whilst the former 
 washes the western boundary of the state nearly 170 miles, the latter pierces its centre,and at its mouth forms 
 the beautiful harbour of Portsmouth, a depot of the American navy. 
 
 These majestic rivers with their tributary streams aflbrd this state an immense water power, of which 
 manufacturers, with large capitals, avail themsehes. This state suffered much during the French and Indian 
 wars and did much in the cause of independence. From her cloud capped White Mountains, (the highest 
 summit of which is Mount Washington, the loftiest elevation in the United States, 6234 feet above the level of 
 the sea,) or her majestic Monadnock, a vast and diversified landscape can be seen. 
 
 Bank capital, $2,103,665 This state raises annually $90,000 for the support of common schools, and 
 has a literary fund of a consiaerable amount derived from a tax on bank capital. 
 
 This state is bounded north by LowcrCanada, east by Maine, south east by the Atlantic ocean and Massa- 
 chusetts, south by Massachusetts, and west and north west by Vermont. Situated between 42° 42' ani' 45° 
 14 North Lat. and 72° 27' and 70° 35' W. Lon. Portsmouth L iTht, Lit. r.'<° 4' N. Lon: 70° 46' W. 
 
 Connecticut river rises on the border of Lower Canada, in lat. 45:10 N. and meets the ocean in lat. 41: 
 16. This river is beatable above Hartford 200 miles. It passes through a basin of about 12,600 squaru 
 miles of fine alluvial land, and is spotted on each side with towns and villages oi' superior beauty. 
 
excellence. The scenery ol us state is very roman , ^^^^ ^p ^^^ compass, is exceedingly 
 
 ™br^' The '?:d 'o? h ;S^^ on\hr^ve^t ,' sses to N^esv-York ^y Lke Champlain, the northern canal 
 ^flHjion river that on the east to Connecticut river. Some of the trade of this state reaches Boston 1 10 
 ^ir^F of Wi^Isof and 210 miles S. E. of Burlinston, on Lake Champlain: some also reaches Montreal 
 1^0 miles N of BurSon Fr ight from Burlington to N^w-York, -291 miles, $5 per ton. 
 ''The state is bounded north by^Lower Canada E. by Connecticut river sou h by Massa-^Wt' • and ^^ . 
 h,, INTow York Situated between 4-2° 44' and 45 North Lat. and iS" 16 and 71 20 VV. Longituue. 
 ^Aralvly from Boston toTaf^ Ontario is in contemplation. An enterprize of this kind, well worthy the 
 collide aUon onheimeCent citizens and capitalists of Massachusetts, New-Hampshire and Vermon ,will greatly 
 wt thrstateran" make Boston a powerful competitor with New-York, lor a large portion ol the immense 
 
 neZrhrilTanS? whose aggregate capital is about a million oV'o"-- AW^JOO^^^^^^^^^ annually 
 raised in this state for the support of common schools. Vermont has a literary land ot about $.5,000. 
 
 MASSACHUSETTS. , , , ^ „ 
 
 This state the parent of all of the Now England colonies, was first permanently settled by Europeans a 
 PlvJ^iu.honthe 2^M of December, 1G20, by a%turdy band of 101 independents, the^persecuted subjects o 
 kinnanesUie first of England. Another colony, under the style of the Massachusetts Bay colony, was planted 
 alialeirin 1628 These colonies remained separate till 1686, when both colonies were deprived ol their 
 rbarters ' In 1602 thev were united into one colony under a new charter. ^. . . , . , .> <■ ui 
 
 The country novv the New-England states, was formerly called North Virginia, but ow,ng to the favorable 
 represenSifsofitmadebythe celebrated John Smith, who visited Massachusetts bay m 1614, .t has ever 
 since in eomnliment to its luxuriance and beauty, borne ite present name u -i ,u 
 
 Dui^nrth^ Indian and French wars, Massachusetts expended much blood and treasure :- on her so,l the 
 first sparl of American independence was lighted, and her arm was the strongest in the comba for its ach eve- 
 ment^ Thi Vtate has aboiR 40 millions ol' dollars invested in manufacturing stock ; more than 20 m. lions 
 ^dollars in bank capital, and about 8 millions in insurance stock. A great variety and amount ot manufactured 
 articks are exported from' this state; also fish, whale-oil, lumber, beef, pork and other productions of the sea 
 
 :;^? dl'^He? 1 ra y re .To r Ad charitib a^ the' pride of Massachusetts- Within a few 
 
 years Boston alone has expended nearly two millions of dollars for objects of that character, exclusive of an 
 annual expenditure of about $200,000 for the support of public and private schools. , . . , . 
 
 At preset Massachusetts has Ac school fund, but from the wisdom of her legislature no doubt can be enter- 
 tained that one will soon be established from the .sums lately received and stil due from the national treasury. 
 
 Although Massachusetts cannot boast ofher navigable rivers, canals and railways to flicilitate the commerce 
 ofhercailital; yet she can boast of the most beautiful bay on the map of the western wor d ; of her noble 
 streams for water power; of her luxuriant vales, of her granite hills, ot her ships, and the ma er^a; for building 
 them; and of her gallant saUors who traverse every sea, and who well understand the uses ot the hook, harpoon 
 
 "^Thts^Ttate is bounded north by Vermont and New-Hampshire; east by the Atlaiitic ocean ; south I.y 
 Rhode Island and Connecticut, arid west by New- York. Situated between 41° 31' and 42 53' North Lat. 
 and 73° 17' and 60° 48' W. Lon. Cape Cod Light House is in N. Lat. 42° 6' and W. Lon. /O 7 . 
 
 RHODE-ISLANO. . « , 
 
 The Father of this state was Roger Williams, a man remarkable for Ins benevolence, justice, and pacific policy. 
 He was banished from the Plymouth colony for avowing the doctrine ot the equal toleration of al religious 
 sects in the same political community. He purchased lands of tlie Indians at Moosehausic, where, in 1636, with 
 his followers he laid out a plantation, and which place, in gratelul acknowledgment of the kindness of 
 heaven, he called Providence. ,,,.,, ^ni. i t i i t> .u 
 
 In 1G38 William Coddington and others followed Wdliams and settled the island of Rhode-Island. By the 
 wise policy of Williams towards the Indians, and his respect to all sects of religion, this colony was rendered 
 exceeding prosperous. jr. j »v. 
 
 This smallest state in the union possesses great advantages for commerce and manufactures, and the 
 enterprize of its citizens leads them to neglect neither. There is perhaps no place in the world where Tritons and 
 spinniniT jennies strive so harmoniously for \ictory. ,. , , ,, . r i 
 
 Rhode Island is celebrated for its mild and salubrious cUmate, which is thought peculiarly favorable to female 
 
 This state has a bank capital of upwards of 6 millions, and pays annually 810,000 for the maintainance of 
 free schools. It is worthy of remark that this is the only state in the union which is without a wntten constitu- 
 tion. Its government is'foundcd on the charter of Charles 2d in 1663. 
 
 This state is bounded north and east by Massachusetts, south bv the Atlantic ocean, west by Connecticut. 
 Situated between 41° 18' and 42° 1' N. Lat. and 71° 48' and 71° 1' W. Lon. Newport is one of the best har- 
 bours in the world, in Lat.41°2J'N.aiul Lon. 71° 18' W. Pt. Judith Light. L. 41° 24' N. Lon: 71° 37' W. 
 
 CONNECTICUT. 
 
 The Plymouth Company in England granted this territory to the Earl of Warwick in 1630 who, in the follow 
 ing year, assigned it to Viscount Say and Seal, and Lord Brook, but it was Ur>,t settled by the whites at Wind 
 so?, by a party from the Plymouth colony, in 1630. Hartford and Wcathersfaeld were settled by parties from 
 Dorchester, Cambrid<re, and Watertown, Massachusetts, in 163d and 1G3(>. ■ . . r . -c u . 
 
 The Dutch claiming this country, as belonging to the JNew Netherlands, it was a sub,ect of s nfe between 
 them and the English until 1650, When a treaty of amity and partition was made. In 1638 a party from t.ng- 
 land planted a colony at New-Haven, which remained unconnected with that on Connecticut nwr until lbb5, 
 when they were united. Blessed with a salubrious climate and a fertile country of hill and dale, tlic people 
 of this state probably enjoy as much happiness as is allotted to any part of the human family. Her population 
 is always full, and although her domain is not extensive, no Atlantic slate has sent so many ot her cluldren, or 
 so larire a share of inlellcctual wealth to the western country, as Connecticut. 
 
 If tlic love of liberty, literature and the arts, of social feeling and moral worth has an asylum on earth, Lon- 
 necticut may boast that it is to be found within her liosom. . •■ 7 
 
 Connecticut has a bank capital of about ,5J millions of dollars, and is rich in the productions of her soil and 
 Indus'ry, which find their way down her lovely rivers, to her commodious harbors ; but her best capital is her 
 School Fund, which amounts 'to nearly 2 millions, allofdi.ig instruction to about 90,000 children annually. 
 
 This state is bounded north by Massachusetts ; east by Rhode-Island ; south by Loiw Island sound, and 
 west by New-York. Situated between 40° 58' and 42° 1' N. Lat. and 72° 37' and /1° 43' W. Lou. Montaucii 
 li^Iit house, at the cast end of Lon" Island.is in Lat. 41° 4' N. and Lon. 71° 49' W. 
 
6 
 
 NEW-YORK. 
 
 Henry Hudson, an Englishman, sailing in the Dulch service, Jiscovered Long Island, the harbour 
 of New-Yovk, ami the noble river that bears his name, in the year 1609. The Dutch built Fort Orange, at 
 Albany, and commenced a settlement on Manhattan Island in 1G13. The Dutch claimed all the country 
 between the Connecticut and Delaware rivers and called it New-Netherlands. The English had always con- 
 tested the right of the Dutch to this territory, and in 1G64, Charles II. of England having granted to the Duke 
 ofYork and Albany all the country between Nova Scotia and Delaware bay, the New Netherlands came into 
 the possession of the English. Fort Orange was then called Albany, and Manhattan, or New-Amsterdam, 
 New-York. I^ew-York stands unrivalled by any of her sister states in the union of those things winch consti- 
 tute the prosperity of a people. Her central situation, her excellent climate, her fertile and extensive territory, 
 her navigable rivers, her inland seas, her mighty cataracts and never failing streams ; together with the proximity 
 of her chief city to the ocean, all afford her the greatest advantages in agriculture, commerce and manufactures. 
 What the hand of nature has withheld from New-York, the genius of her Clintons and Fultons has supplied. 
 Already more than six hundred miles of canal intersect her beautiful domain, linking river to river, and ming- 
 ling the waters of the Atlantic with those of the northern and western lakes. Already nearly one hundred 
 steam boats move through her waters with an average speed of about ten miles an hour, propelling an 
 aggregate burthen which would require a power of between four and five thousand horses. This state produces 
 in great abundance all the staple commodities and luxuries common to the climate, the surplus of which, and 
 large quantities from other states, lind an easy access to the great mart of New-York. I'he salt springs at 
 Onondaga Lake, at the villages of Salina, Syracuse, Liverpool and Geddes, produce a large revenue to the state ; 
 and the mineral waters at Ballston and Saratoga give health to many, and pleasure to all that visit them. 
 
 The rajjid increase of this state in wealth and population, the magic growth of villages and cities along the 
 lines of river, lake and canal communication, and the corresponding development of political and intellectual 
 power, render the history of New- York in the highest degree valuable and interesting. 
 
 The enterprising Mr. Hugh White, from some part of New England, made the first settlement at Whitestown, 
 Oneida county, 100 miles west of Albany, in 17S1. At that time the country to the north and west of that 
 place, even to the great lakes, was a dense forest inhabited only by savages and wild beasts. In 1830 the county 
 of Oneida had a population of 71,326; bank and insurance capital $1,100,000, and 15 cotton factories employing 
 908 hands, making annually S5'25,000 worth of goods. The Oriskany woollen factory, in this county, makes 
 annually $130,000 worth of goods. Utica, Rome and Whitesborough are the county towns. Population of 
 Utica 83-23, Rome 4360, Whitestown 4410. 
 
 The county of Monroe, 160 miles west of Whitestown (by the canal) has a population of 49,862. 50,201 
 acres of wheat were cut in this county in 1830, sujjposed to have averaged 20 bushels to the acre. The largest 
 village in this county is Rochester, 7 iniles S. of lake Ontario at the falls of Genesee river, in the towns of 
 Brighton and (iatss, and was first settled in 1812. This village has now a population of 9,969. 519,725 barrels of 
 flour were shipped from this place on the canal and down the lake from August 20th 1828, to December 1st 1830. 
 
 In 1830, 1512 vessels arrived at New-York from foreign ports, of whicTi 1366 were American, 92 British, 7 
 Spanish, 12 Swedish, 2 Hamburg, 5 French, 8 Bremen, 6 Haytian, 9 Danish, 2 Brazilian, 2 Dutch, and 1 
 Portuguese. The revenue of the customs, the same year, was about 13 millions of dollars The number of 
 passengers brought by the above vessels was 30,224. The number of arrivals at New- York Ironi foreign ports 
 in 1829 was 1310 — passengers, 16064. At the port of New-York, in 1830, the amount of registered tonnage of 
 American vessels engaged in foreign commerce was 284,169 tons: do. engaged in the coasting trade, 39,000 
 tons. Licensed vessels engaged in the coasting and river trade, 90,294 tons — and licensed for the lisheries 457 
 tons. In 1830 there were exported from N. Y. 304,352 barrels of wheat Hour, 174,182 bushels of corn, 12,099 
 tierces flax seed, 23,765 barrels pot and pearl ashes, 104,940 bales of cotton, and 5,306 packages of domestic 
 cotton goods. 
 
 This state is bounded north by Lower Canada, east by Vermont, Massachusetts and Connecticut; south 
 by New Jersey and Pennsylvania, and west and north west by Upper Canada. Between 40° 30' and 45" 
 N. Lat. and 72*^ 55' and 79° 50' W. Lon. Sandy Hook lighthouse, at the southern entrance of N. Y. harbour, 
 is 18 miles from the city of N. Y. and in Lat. 40° 30' N. ami Lon. 73° 54' W. 
 
 NEW-JERSEY. 
 
 This state was first settled by the Danes, at Bergen, about the year 1624. This country was mhabited by 
 the Swedes and Dutch for many years. The soil of tliis state is not naturally well adajjtod to agricul- 
 tural purstuts, much of the land being either marshy or sandy ; yet its proximity to two of the largest 
 niarkets-in the United States, and the industry of its inhabitants have rendered it exceedingly productive of all 
 sorts of fruits and vegetables common to the climate, together with grain and meats of various kinds. This state 
 has many rivers navigable for small vessels. The beautiful fall of 70 feet perpendicular on the Passaic river at 
 Paterson, 14 miles N? W. from New-York, and 15 miles N. of Newark, is finely adapted, and well improved for 
 manufacturing purposes. 
 
 Amhoy, in Lat. 40° 31' N. and W. Lon. 74° 11', at the mouth of the Raritan river, 23 miles fromNew-York ; 
 land-loclie'd by Staten Island, and approachable from the sea by almost any wind, has one of the best harbours on 
 the continent. This state has abundant mineral resources, particularly iron of an excellent quality. _ 
 
 This state has a bank capital of ujiwards of 5 millions; and in 1829 a school fund of about $246,000. From 
 the school fund, and a tax on the bank capital, a liberal appropriation is made for common schools in this state. 
 
 This state is bounded north by New-York ; east by the Atlantic ocean and New-York ; south by Delaware 
 bav ■ and west by Pennsylvania. Situated between 38° 57' and 41° 22' north Lat. and 75° 25' and 73° 52 
 W Lon. C. May, opposite C. Henlopen, Del. L. 38°56'N. Lon: 74°37'W. 
 
 PENNSYLVANIA. ^ ,. ^ ..... 
 
 William Penn, the founder of this powerful state, was the son of Sir William Penn, an admiral m the 
 British navy. He united himself with the society of Friends, then a persecuted sect in England. For services 
 rendered by his father, king Charles the second, in 1681, gave him a tract of land in the western world, and 
 called it Pennsylvania. Penn, with about 2000 followers landed at New Castle, on the Delaware, in 1682. 
 and proceeding up the river, planned Philadelphia, "the city of brotheriy love," and erected about 80 buildings 
 in the same ySir. The piety, philanthropy, and wisdom of its founder, the fertility of its soil, the healthiness 
 ofitsclimate; the pacific disposition of the natives, and the lessons of experience derived by the settlement of 
 other colonies in eariier days and under more rigorous skies, all conspired to render tins colony the most pros- 
 perous of any of which history gives an account. Penn died in 1718 aged 74 years. 
 
 The resources of this state are immense; and the character of the people is well calculated to give them a 
 proper direction. The beautiful Delaware, and other navigable waters of Pennsylvania, its canals and hue 
 roads furnish Philadelphia with a great amount of domestic exports, and render it one of the most important marts 
 of foreign and domestic commerce in the United States. i i, n 
 
 Pennsylvania is the greatest, manulacturing state in the union, and Philadelphia takes the like rank among 
 our manufacturing cities. This state yields to no other in the variety and extent of its mineral treasures, par- 
 ticularly in its exhaustless mines of anthracite and liituminous coal. It would also be unjust to omit honourable 
 mention of the extensive and costly system of canals and railways, which are either completed or in progress, 
 under the patronarre of the state, for which, and other internal improvements 15 million of dollars are already 
 expended or appro(°riated. The Bank capital of this state is $12,815, 334. Harrisburg, lU capital town is 98 
 miles W. N. W. of Philadelphia. ^ ^ t^ , ,u , 
 
 This state is bounded north by New-York ; east by New Jersey ; south east by Delaware ; south by 
 Maryland and Virginia ; and west by Virginia and Ohio. Situated between 39° 43' and 42 1'-' N . Lat^ and 
 72° 35' and 80° 26' W. Lon. Cape Heulopen, at the south entrance of Delaware bay, is in Lat Jfa- oof N 
 and Lon. 75° W. 
 
DELAWARE. ,„ , , , 
 
 The first Europeans that settled this state were a party of Swedes and Finns, who,un<Jer the patronage of 
 Gustavus Adolphus landed at Cape Henlopen in 1627. They purchased lands of the Indians on both sides of 
 the river Delaware, and settled themselves at Lewistown, and at the mouth of Christiana Creek, near Wilmington. 
 In 1655 the Dutch took possession of this country, and retained it until the New-Netherlands were subjuga- 
 ted by the English in 1664. This country was formerly called the " Territories" and afterwards the " three 
 Lower Counties on Delaware" and for many years was under tlie jurisdiction of Pennsylvania. 
 
 The name of this state, of the hay and river, is derived from Lonl De la War, one of the first settlers of 
 Virginia. This state is generally low and level, is chiefly agricultural, and produces all the staples and luxu- 
 rics'common to its climate, particularly wheat, of which laVge quantities are floured and exported. The people 
 of this state have always been as celebrated for their patriotism as the " Delaware regiment" was for its 
 bravery. , ,■ • 
 
 An important work has lately been completed, the Chesapeake and Delaware canal, which crosses the 
 northern part of the state, and unites the two great bays by sloop navigation. 
 
 This state has a school fund of S170.000. No district is entitled to any share of this fund, that will not raise, 
 by taxation, a sum equal to its share of the income of the fund. Bank capital SI, 050,000. 
 
 ' This state is hounded north by Pennsylvania ; east by Delaware river, Delaware bay, and the Atlantic 
 ocean; and south and west by Maryland. Situated between 38' 29' and 39° SC N. Lat. and 74° 56' and 
 75°40'W.Lon. 
 
 MARYLAND. 
 
 About 200 Roman Catholics from England, under a grant Irom Charles the first to Lord Baltimore, were 
 the first white settlers in this state. They arrived at the mouth of the Potomac in Fchruar\-, 1634, and purchased of 
 the Indians a large village where St.Mary;s now stands : Lord Baltimore died in 1676, much honouredand beloved. 
 
 This colony was an asylum for the persecuted of religious sects from all parts of the world ; which circum- 
 stance, with the hospitality of the natives, the fruitfulness of its soil, and the mildness of its climate, tended 
 greatly to its early growth and prosperity. This state is well watered by many rivers emptying into its spacious 
 Chesapeake bay, afibrdin" many facilities for the navigation of large and small craft. The soil of this state is 
 adapted lo the growth of all sorts' of grain, and other commodities suited to its latitude. Its exports of flour and 
 other bread stuffs are immense ; tobacco is also a staple article. 
 
 The genuine white wheat, and the bright kites foot tobacco, are said to be peculiar to Maryland. 
 Its beautiful capital city, Baltimore, is now an important mart of trade ; and when her splendid internal im- 
 provements arc completed, will be one of the most favourable positions for foreign and domestic commerce in the 
 U. S. Cape Henry, the S. point of entrance into the Chesapeake bay is in N. Lat. 36° 58' and W. Lon. 75° 55'. 
 
 The capita] of this state is Annapolis, SO miles S. of Baltimore. Bank capital about lOj millions. The 
 school fund is derived from $75,000 paid by the U. S. for advances made by Marjdand during the late war, 
 and by a tax of 20 cents on every SlOO hank capital. 
 
 This state is hounded north by Pennsylvania ; east by Delaware, and the Atlantic ocean ; south and west 
 by Virginia. Situated between 38° and 39° 43' North Lat. and 75° 15' and 79° 25' west Lon. 
 
 DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA. 
 
 In the year 1790 the states of J.laryland and Virginia ceded to the U. S. the territory of this district for the 
 purposes of a national capital ; and in 1800 it became the seat of the general government of the United States. 
 
 This district is delightfully situated on both sides of the Potomac. The land is finely elevated, rather 
 sterile, but pleasantly diversified by hill and dale. The climate is esteemed very healthy. The mean tempera- 
 ture is about 55° of Fahrenheit. The city rf Washington is not only the capital of the nation hut also of the 
 district. It is under the imiiiediate government of congress. Georgetown and Alexandria are within its limits. 
 
 The capital is in Lat. 38° 52' 45' iV. and 76° 55' 30" W. Lon. from Greenwich. The Capitol in Wash- 
 ington is a massive building of the Corinthian order, of free-stone, about 350 feet in front, which, with the presi- 
 dent's house, and offices for the several departments, is in a style suited to the convenience and dignity of their 
 objects. 
 
 The English made an inroad upon this district and either destroyed or much damaged the public buildings at 
 Washington on the 24th of August 1814. The trade of this district is considerable ; but it will doubtless be 
 much augmented when the canal from Washington to the Ohio is completed. 
 
 The Congress of the United States meets at Washington on the first Monday of December annually, unless 
 it is otherwise provided by law. 
 
 VIRGINIA. 
 
 Three ships with one hundred and five persons, under the command of Christopher Newport, in the service of 
 the London Company, having on board Captain Gosnald and other men of standing, arrived from England at 
 the mouth of the Chesapeake bay on the 26th of April, 1607. On the 13th of May following they landed and 
 settled at Jamestown, on James river. The object of these adventurers was partly curiosity to see a new race 
 of beings ; hut chiefly to acquire wealth by finding silver and gold, with which this country was supposed to 
 abound. Among these adventurers was John Smith, a man of great boldness of character, and one who had 
 been well schooled in the knowledge of human nature both by travelling and adversity. 
 
 North America was then a wilderness, inhabited only by a race of men who had no written language, and no 
 tradition whereby their origin can be known. They hved in tribes, scattered over the country, each governed by 
 a chief, or king. They subsisted by hunting and fishing, and by cultivating small quantities of Indian corn. 
 They were darker in color than the Spaniard, but not so black as the negro. 
 
 They were unacquainted with the arts, and even with the use of metals. Their weapons of war were a bow 
 and arrows, a stone hatchet, or tomahawk, and a club. They were brave, and susceptible of all the best and 
 worst feelings common to humanity. The colonists at first suffered exceedingly from their own improvidence, 
 ■ Mid the conduct of the natives towards them. Were it not for the extraordinary exertions and enterprize of 
 Smith, and the kmdness of Pocahontas, the daughter of Powhatan, a powerful Indian king, this embryo of a 
 Herculean nation would have perished. About the year 1613, Pocahontas married Mr. Rolfe, a respectable 
 Virginia planter. They went to England, and after receiving from the king and queen the honors due to her 
 rank, and their acknowledgments for her valuable and disinterested services, she died,- leaving one child. The 
 vu:tues and graces of this amiable woman will always live in American story ; among the best'sons of Virginia 
 are those who count with pride the drops of her blood circulating in their veins. In 1620 and 1621 one hundred 
 and fifty young women were sent from England and sold to the planters as wives, at prices varying from 100 
 to 150 pounds of tobacco, then worth three shillings the pound. About this time twenty negroes were landed 
 from a Dutch vessel and sold for slaves ! 
 
 In 1688 the population of Virginia was about 60,000. The face of this country is much diversified. The 
 part towards the sea is low and level ; some of it is marshy : to the west it rises by degrees »nd becomes moun- 
 **'t?u-^' '^^^ '^°'^ '^ ''"''^ productive, and large exports are made from this state of flour, corn and tobacco. 
 
 This state is intersected by many beautiful navigable rivers, of which the Potomac, Shenandoah, James and 
 Rappahannoc are the most considerable. Virginia, often called the "Ancient Dominion," is celebrated for her 
 mines and minerals; for her curious caves, springs, and natural bridges; for the urbanity and intelligence of her 
 citizens ; for her seconding the movements for American Independence ; and, above all, for her being the mother 
 of the Father of his country. 
 
 This state is bounded north by Pennsylvania and Maryland, north east by Maryland ; east by the Atlantic 
 ocean ; south by North Carolina and Tennessee ; and west by Kentucky and Oliio. Situated between 36° 
 i3 and 40° 39' N. Lat. and 75° 35' and 83° 29' W. Lon. 
 
 This state has a bank capital of S5,607,000, and a Literary Fund of $1,233,523. $45,000 of this fund la 
 *?So 1 '' *PP''"Pri»'«cl to the education of the poor. This state has also a fund devoted to internal unproveineiits 
 of $2,100,591. The whole canitalcmployctl within tliis state, in internal improvements, is about 3j millions. 
 
,, , .,,, MOKTH CAMOI.IMA. 
 
 About the year 1645, a nmuber ot Virginians took possession of tlie country north of Albemarle Sound. 
 They appear to have livej without much regard to law. In KiOl a stttlenient was made near the Clarendon 
 river by adventurers from Massachusetts, which was abandoned by them in 1063, and their place w.a3 soon after 
 supiilied by emigrants from Barbadocs. North and South Carolina were included in one grant from Charles 
 the 1st in 1630, under the name of Carolina. 
 
 About leTii, two governments were established in Carolina under their present names, yet both were 
 under the direction of the same proprietors until 1729. 1 his country is low, level, and exceedingly marshy for 
 50 or 80 miles from the sea, it then becomes mountainous. 
 
 This state produces cotton, rice, tobacco, wheat, corn, fine oak and pitch pine timber. Much tar and turpen- 
 tine are made in this state. Many of its rivers are navigable for a considerable distance, for such vessels as can 
 pass the bars at their mouths. 
 
 1' is the misfortune of North Carolina that she has no good harbors. A still greater misfortune is the 
 'iihealthiness of her seaboard generally. The hilly and mountainous tracts, however, enjoy a salubrious climate. 
 There is on uncommon variety of climate and productions within the limits of this state. Gold has of late 
 years been Ibuml in large quantities, and it is now believed that North Carolina is the centre of the great gold 
 region of the United States. 
 
 By a report of the directors of the mint to Congress for 1831, it is stated that there was received from 
 N. Carolina, $294,000 worth of gold ; from Virginia, §:26,000 ; and from Georgia, $176,000. Alabama 
 and Tennessee furnished gold bullion to the amount of about $2,000 ; " indicating, (as the report remarks,) 
 the ])rogressive development of the gold region." This section of country is naturally divided into three 
 zones, presenting very distinct and appropriate features. The first is near the sea, and quite unhealthy. 
 The second is the sand hill tract, interspei'sed with some valuable river alluvial land. The third is the 
 hilly and mountainous tra^t, which is the most extensive and fertile portion. The latter and middle 
 tracts are as favorable to health as any section of our country as low as forty degrees north. 
 
 Capes Hatteras, Fear, and Look Out are on this coast. Hatteras is in Lat. 35° 15' N. and Lon. 75° 30' W. 
 Much of the trade of this state passes to South Carolina and Virginia. 
 
 This state has a bank capital of 83,700,000, and a common school fund of $70,000. The " Great Dismal 
 Swamp" in this state, covering about 140,000 acres, extends from Albemarle, to Pamlico Sound. A canal 
 of 2'2J miles long, 38 feet wide and 5J feet deep passing through this swamp is in operation and grcjtly facili- 
 tates the trade of the state. 
 
 This state is bounded north by Virginia : east by the Atlantic ocean, south by South Carolina, and 
 west by Tennessee. Situated between 33° 53' and 3<;° 33' North Lat. and 75° 45' and 84° W. Lon. 
 
 SOUTH CAROLINA. 
 
 The territory of this state and North Carolina was in the same grant from King Charles 1. in 1630. In 1670 
 the governor of Carolina planted a settlement at Port Royal, or Beaufort. The Dutch, French and English, 
 all from diflerent motives, made settlements in South Carolina. This country, for more than 100 miles from 
 the sea, is low, abounding with sw:imps and marshes. About 150 miles west of Charleston is the ridge, a tract 
 of high land, beyond which the country becomes much elevated. 
 
 Tliis state has many beatable rivers, which, vrith its safe and convenient navigation among a great number of 
 fertile sea islands, makes Charleston a city of much commercial importance. The soil of this state is various, 
 producing cotton, rice, indigo, tobacco, wheat, corn, fine timber, a great variety of fruits, medicinal plants and 
 dyestuffs. 
 
 South Carolina is eminently on agricultural state : in each of its various divisions of soil, peculiar plants can 
 be reared in abundance. The climate has the heat ofthe tropics, and the changeableness of more northern skies. 
 This state is noted forits patriotism during the struggle for independence, and for the hospitality of its inhabitants. 
 
 The character ofthe people of this state is perhaps more definitely formed than that of any part ofthe U. S. 
 Warm, generous and brave, they are also passionate and indolent. 
 
 Bank capital S6.631.833. An annual appropriation is made by the legislature of about $40,000 for the support 
 of free-schools. Charleston Light. L. 32° 44' N. Lon: 79° 40' W. 
 
 This state is bounded north and north east by North Carolina ; south east by the Atlantic ocean ; and south 
 west by Georgia. Situated between 32° and 35° 10' North Lat. and 78° 30' and 83° 10' West Lon. 
 
 GEORGIA. 
 
 In 1732, some benevolent gentlemen in England concerted a project for planting a colony in the southern 
 part ofthe territory included in the Carolina charter, for the purpose of transporting thither the indigent sub- 
 jects of Great Britain, and the persecuted protestants of all nations. General James Oglethorpe was a great 
 promoter of this philanthropic scheme. In 1773, a number of emigrants arrived and settled at Yamacraw 
 blufij or Savannah. By the liberality of the proprietors in extending their patronage alike to all classes of 
 emigrants, as early as 1740 the number of settlers was 2498. 
 
 The Alleghany and Apalachian mountains terminate in this State. They extend north through the Carolinas, 
 Virginia, Maryland and Pennsylvania, to the Cattskill in New- York. 
 
 It is thought that the diversity of soil is greater in Georgia than in any other single state in the union. 
 About one Balf is flat, alluvial land, the residue hilly or mountainous, and abundantly fertile. Many valuable 
 tropical productions can be cultivated in this state. Oranges, olives, figs, and other articles, which are stran- 
 gers at the north, are easily raised. The flat land is, however, like that of Carolina, quite unhealthy. This 
 state is bounded north by' Tennessee ; north east by South-Carolina; south east by the Atlantic ocean; south 
 by Florida, and west by Alabama. Savannah and Augusta are its chief marts of trade. Cotton and tobacco 
 are its staple articles. 
 
 This state has a bank capital of $6,882,340, and considerable funds for the support of academies and 
 common schools. 
 
 Two considerable tribes of Indians reside partly within the chartered limits of this state, the Cherokees and 
 Creeks. The Cherokees have made more rapid advances in the arts of civilized life than any other tribe of 
 N. American Indians. In 1827 the population of this tribe was 13,563. They owned 1,277 slaves. Their 
 increase for 6 years was 3,563. In 1801 the Mission at Sprmg Place was established ; since which tune many 
 others have been brought into successful operation. 
 
 In 1827, 500 native children attended the missionary schools, all learning the English language. 
 
 Situated between 30° 19' and 35° North Lat. and 80° 47' and 85° 42' West Lon. 
 
 ALABAMA. , ^ „ ,,, 
 
 This state is bounded north by Tennessee ; east by Georgia ; south by Florida and the gulf of Mexico ; 
 and west by Mississippi. Between Lat. 30° 12' and 35° N. The face of this state is much diversified, and 
 its soil differs in quality from the best tu the worst. That part of the state that Ues along the gulf of Mexico 
 is low, marshy and sandy, and is unhealthy : about 10 miles from the coast the country becomes more ele- 
 vated and more healthy, "but less productive. As in this section of country generally, the land decreases in 
 value on receding from the rivers. This state abounds in rivers, some of which are boatable for a great 
 distance. The most important of these are the Tombigbee, Alabama and Tennessee. The latter passes through 
 the northe'n section of the state ; and the two former, after meandering through nearly the whole extent ol the 
 state, fall into Mobile bay, near the town of Mobile. 
 
 All parts of this state are productive of maize ; and small grain is raised in its hilly and northern parts. 
 Cotton is the chief staple. A great variety of fruits arc easily cultivated here, such as the apple, pear, peach and 
 plum ; and even the fig and pomegranate in the lowest latitudes. 
 
 Mobile, in N. Lat. 30° 40' and W. Lon. 88° 1 1, is the mart of trade of this state. It is a place of increasing 
 importance, but its growth is impeded by the sand bars at the mouth of its harbor. . , , 
 
 The capital of this state is Tuscaloosa, 226 mUes E. of N. from Mobile. This state has a bank capital of 
 upwards of a million, and a large tiind for internal improvements. Congress has been liberal to Alabama m 
 prantincr to her ireat resources for the ad\ancemcnt of education. 
 
9 
 MISSISSIPPI. 
 
 This state takes its name from the great river wliich loriiis the chiet part of its western boundary. Ita 
 soil is various. Two-thirds of the state are supposed to be covered with pine forest, and only about } 
 part is either blufl^ or river alluvial ; this portion of the soil is however of remarkable fertility. It is chieHy 
 confined to the west and south west parts of the state, and these accordingly contain a large share of the 
 white inhabitants, leaving the northeastern part to the almost exclusive possession of the Indians. There 
 is a sea coast of about 80 miles, but not a single harbor, so that New Orleans is the mart of the state. This 
 state has a large range of Latitude, and its climate is quite variable ; Ihe thermometer at Natchez has 
 stood as low as 1*3 above zero of Fahrenheit. The seasons are however generally mild and warm. Cotton is 
 the great staple ; the fig abounds south of 3-2°, but the orange is not entirely safe from occasional frost. The 
 natural and exotic productions of the soil are innumerable. Among the animals, the alligator may be mentioned 
 as being often found in the streams. Mississippi was formerly a part of Georgia. Perhaps no 
 place wiTi be more appropriate than this for a brief description of the basin of the iUississippi. This immense 
 territory is believed to comprise an extent of more than 1|'2U0,(J00 square miles, the whole of which is drained 
 by the Mississippi and its confluents, and the united mass poured through the delta of Louisiana into the 
 gulf of Mexico. The greatest length of the Missouri, from its remotest source, to the gulf of Mexico, is esti- 
 mated at 4,500 miles; that of the Mississippi proper at '2,700. The whole basin may be divided into 4 great 
 valleys ; those of the Ohio, the Upper Mississippi, the Missouri, and the Lower Mississippi. The Ohio valley 
 IS a vast inclined plane, into which the chief river and its tributaries have v,'orn deep channels. Two very 
 remarkable facts should be noticed. The one is that all that part of this tract above Pittsburg, is at least 200 
 feet above lake Erie, and if a channel should be formed from that place to the lake, the gentle waters of the 
 Ohio would leave tiieir present bed, and rush in a torrent to swell the St. Lawrence. The other fact is that 
 the waters of this vallcv do not flow in the bottom of the real slope of the inclined plane ; that bottom is indica- 
 ted by the course of the Illinois river. This great valley has a broken, and in the south east a mountainous 
 surface ; generally it has a temperate climate, and a richly fertile soil. Its staples are wheat, and the other 
 cereal gramina. The Upper Mississippi vallei/ is widely difierent from the preceding. The climate is colder j 
 and here we enter upon those boundless prairies, which produce not a single tree, and are in general suitable 
 only for the pasture of cattle. Vast tracts around the head waters of the Mississippi are only a marshy plain. 
 The waters have a sluggish descent, and the region is of course imperfectly drained. This valley has little to 
 invite settlers in comparison with the beautiful countries of the Ohio, and forms a gradual approach to the next 
 subdivision of the Mississippi basin. The Missouri valley is by far the most extensive of the four valleys, 
 containing nearly one half the surface of the whole basin. Here may be observed the muddy nature of the 
 water, and another curious fact, that all the great tributaries of the Missouri flow from its right bank, and only 
 unimportant streams from the left. But the chief circumstance which deserves to be mentioned of this valley 
 is, that with the exception of narrow tracts along the margins of the rivers, the whole of this vast territory is 
 one boundless prairie. In sunnner it is described as an arid waste, and in winter the bleak winds from the 
 north sweep over it without obstruction. It is however represented to be abundantly stored with valuable 
 mineral productions, as coal, iron, &c. The valley of the lower Mississippi is the last of these great valleys, 
 and is perhaps, of all parts of the. U. S. the most diversified in surface, climate, soil and productions. On the 
 margin of the rivers is some of the richest land in the world; then follow impenetrable swamps and morasses; 
 farther on, a beautiful undulating, and wooded territory, while over other tracts those interminable prairies extend, 
 which seem only intended for the dwelling of the bulfalo and the deer. In these last much resemblance is 
 found with the steppes of the interior of Asia : among other things, the fact that some of the rivers as the Arkan- 
 saw. Red, &c. are made brackish by the extensive beds of salt over which they roll. Natchez, the principal 
 commercial mart of this state, is situated on elevated ground on the left bank of the Mississippi, in N. Lat. 
 31° 33' and W Lon. 91°25'. 
 
 The only bank in this state is at Natchez. Its capital is $1,000,000 and has, withits branches, exclusive banking 
 privileges until 1840. Its dividends, for several years past, have averaged nearly I'2 percent per annum. This 
 state has a literary fund of about S30,000, but no part of it is available till it shall amount to $50,000. As yet 
 no system of primary schools has been adopted in this state. 
 
 The Choctaw and Chickasaw tribes of Indians own more than half of the territory of this state. 
 
 This state is bounded N. by Tennessee ; E. by Alabama ; S. by the gulf of Mexico and Louisiana ; W. by 
 Louisiana and the Arkansas territory. Between Lat. 30° 10' and 35° N. and Lon. 88° 10' and 91° 35' W. 
 
 LOUISIANA. 
 
 There is perhaps no portion of the world, of the extent ot Louisiana, which has so great a variety of soils, or 
 BO many water courses within its territory. This state has about six million acres of alluvial land of superior 
 excellence ; the residue of her soil, about 24 million acres, consisting of pine forests, prairie, river inundated 
 land, and sea marsh, is, for the most part, unfit fir agricultural purposes. 
 
 There is but little land of a medium quality in Louisiana : it is generally either extremely fertile, or 
 entirely worthless ; and from the vast proportion of the soil which can never be used for agricultural pur- 
 poses, It can never be expected that this state should support a population equally dense with those of the 
 northern states. It is observable that the settlements in Louisiana are not in spots, or groups, but in lines or 
 strips, along the margfins of the rivers. Extremes of manners prevail as well as of soils ; from the highest degree 
 of luxury and refinement in the rich planters near New Orleans, to the semi barbarism of the wild hunters of 
 the buffalo and the deer, upon the toundless prairies of the south west. Throughout the state there is nearly an 
 equal mixture of the French and American population, but the latter is fast gaining ground. Louisiana has 
 set her sister states the example of leaving the English law, and forming for herself a valual le code, modelled 
 upon the civil law. 
 
 The .Mississippi river passes the whole "length of this state, and on its left bank, about 105 miles from the sea, 
 stands New Orleans, the great store bouse of a large portion of the productions ol this interesting section of the 
 western world. New Orleans was fiist settled by the French, about the year 1717. It is 304 miles, bv water, 
 below Natchez, 1148 below St. Louis, 977 below the mouth of the Ohio, 1480 below Cincinnati, and 1929 miles 
 below Pittsburg. 
 
 From the mouth of Red river to Natchitoches, Lou. is 186 miles ; from the mouth of the Tennessee, to 
 Florence, Al. 300 ; and from the mouth of the Cumberland to Nashville, is 203 miles. Chillicothe, Ohio, 
 is 45, and Colujibus 90 miles, on the Scioto river, from Portsmouth on the Ohio. From St. Louis to the 
 head of the Mississippi is 1618, and from that place to the supposed source of the Missouri, is 3,235 miles. 
 Although the climate, at the outlet to the ocean, of the almost boundless waters which unite at New. 
 Orleans, is exceedingly unfavorable to health in summer months — and tlie eft'orts to attract the trade of 
 this immense region to the cast and north, by canals and rail roads, through a country afl'ording unequalled 
 facilities for projects of that nature, are great and untiring; still New.Orleans must remain one of the 
 first marts of commerce in the world. The amount of domestic produce and manufactures exported from 
 New-Orleans in the year 1818, was fglfi,771,711. 
 
 The freight of goods up the Mississippi and Ohio from New Orleans varies according to the state of the waters. 
 When the rivers are most favorable, 50 cents per cwt. is the usual price to St. Louis and Cinciimati. Insurance 
 from New Oi leans to those places, about IJ per cent. 
 
 This state comprises the southern part of a large tract of country purchased by the U. S. of France in 1S03. 
 The river JMississippi was discovered by two French Missionaries in 1673. The country was afterwards explored, 
 and, in honour of Louis the XIV. was called Louisiana. 
 
 This slate has a bank capital of about 39,000,000. The capital invested in the cultivation of the sugar cane 
 is supposed to amount to 30 millions of dollars. 50,000 hogsheads of sugar are considered an average crop, and 
 5 per. cent, is considered an average prof' The number of steam boats actually running on the Mississippi 
 and its tributary strea ns in 1830 was '213. The first steam boat on these waters commenced running in ISl^. 
 By legislative enactment nearly S40,000 arc annually appropriated to the education of the poor. 
 
 This state is bounded N. by the Arkansas territory; E. by .Mississippi ; S. by the gulf of Mexico, and W by 
 the Mexican states Between Lat. 29° and 33° N. and Lon. 89° and 94' W. 
 
10 
 
 ^ This state was first settled by the wliitt-s in 17G5, and was t'onmrly a part of North Carolina and ceded hy 
 that state to the United States in 1789. In consequence of a part of' this state being very low, and a part of 
 it very high land, the soil and climate are more various than in any other portion of the United States whose 
 ilifl'i-rencc of latitude is only 1° 40'. The soil of this state is generally very luxuriant, and produces large crops 
 of ciitton, wheat, rice, and tobacco. 
 
 There are probably few tracts of country in the U. S. more finely watered than Tennessee : it is completely 
 veined by navigable rivers. Being remote from the sea, it is not exposed to sudden changes in temperature'; 
 the winters arc quite mild, so that it has been observed that the season of vegetation lasts at least three monllis 
 longer here than in Maine or New Hampshire. Tlie Indians who still reside here are among the best speci- 
 mens of the sons of the forest ; so much have industry and civilization improved the ir manners. 
 
 Its chief rivers are tlie Missis.si|i|ji, wliich washes 'its western borders; and the Tennessee and Cumberland, 
 which rise in or near the Cumberland mountains, and alter meandering through a large tract of country fall into 
 the Ohio, a few miles above the junction of that river w ith the i^]is^issi)l))i. 
 
 Its trade is down the Mississijipi to New Orleans. Nashville is a considerable place of trade, 430 miles N. E. 
 of Natchez, and 480 miles N. N. E. of I.'cw Orleans, by the Jackson road. 
 
 Bounded north by Kentucky ; east by North Carolina ; south by Georgia, Alabama and Mississippi ; and 
 west by Mississippi river. Between 35° and 3(j° 40' North Lat. and 81° 45' and SO" 3' 'West Lon. 
 
 KENTUCKY. 
 
 This state is bounded north by Ohio and Indiana ; east by Virginia ; south by Tennessee ; west by Illinois 
 and Missouri; between 30° 30'' and 3;t° 10' North Lat. and 81° 45' and 89° West I.nn. This'territory 
 was a part of Virginia until l~'J'2, when it became a state. The climate is very fine, and the soil superior for 
 agricultural purposes. 
 
 The first white settlers removed to Kentucky in 1775, and its growth has been ever since exceedingly rapid. 
 The external appearance of things is so inviting, that it has been called the " garden of the west." It is richly 
 wooded, an<l has an immense variety of Howering plants and shrubs. Nor is this beauty deceptive, for a large 
 [■art of the state is covered with a deep strong soil. Nearly the whole country rests on a lime stone tbundation, 
 i nto which the rivers have worn deep channels, of course leaving the banks bold and precipitous. In the summer, 
 there is in many parts, great difficulty in procuring fresh water. Till steam boats navigated the Mississippi, 
 almost all the salt used in these regions was obtained from salt springs, or licks, so called, because the bullaloes 
 and other wild animals used to come to these springs and lick up the earth around that was saturated with salt. 
 
 Its staples are wheat, corn, cattle, hemp and salt. Its commercial outlet is by the river Ohio, which washes the 
 whole of its north-western boundary. The Kentucky, Sandy, Licking and Cumberland, are its principal 
 rivers. They take their rise in the Cumberland mountains, and fall into the Ohio river. 
 
 Louisville, in Lat. 38° 3' N. and Lon. 85° 30' W. above the rapids of the Ohio, 13'2 miles below Cincinnati, 
 and Lexington, 70 miles E. of Louisville, are the principal inland marts of the commerce of this state. A canal 
 passes around the falls of the Ohio at Louisville. Louisville is one of the most promising towns in the western 
 country. 
 
 OHIO. 
 
 This state was formerly a part of the north western territory. It is bounded S. E. by the Ohio river, or 
 Virginia; south by Ohio river, or Kentucky; west by Indiana; north by Michigan territory and Lake Erie, 
 and E. by N. by Pennsylvania. Situated between 38° 30' and 42° N. Lat. and 80° 20' and 84° 43' W. Lon. 
 The first permanent settlement of the whites in this state was commenced in 1788, at Marietta, near the 
 junction of the Ohio and Muskingum rivers in Lat. 39° 25' N. and Lon 81° 18' W. 172 miles below Pittsburg. 
 The waters of the Ohio and its tributary streams, with those of Lake Erie afford this state peculiar privileges. 
 The best proof that can be given of the exuberance of its soil and the industry and enterprize of its people is 
 to state the fact, unprecedented in the settlement of any country, that in 1783 this territory was inhabited only by 
 savages ; and that in 1830 it had a population of nearly a million, enjoying all the comforts and luxuries o( 
 civilized life in profusion, v\ithout a slave to teach them the blessings of liberty; and with minds and means to 
 foster good schools, the bane of slavery. 
 
 This state is eminently agricultural, and has many and various staples ; wheat, however, is the principal. 
 Some ancient fortifications have been ibund in this state, and other traces of a people far exceeding in civiliza- 
 tion any of the present tribes of N. American Indians. This state has a school fund of $150,000; and one 
 mill on a dollar of the estimated property of the state is annually levied and appropriated to the maintenance ot 
 common schools. One thirty sixth part of the land in this, and other new states in the west, is devoted to purpo- 
 ses of education. 
 
 The trade of this, with the Atlantic states is very considerable ; and is carried on by the rivers Ohio and 
 Mississippi to New Orleans; and by lake, canal and river navigation to New York. Cincinnati, in Lat. 
 39° 6' N. and Lon. 84° 22' W. was first settled in 1789, and has become one of the most important inland 
 depots of commerce in the world. From 15th February, 1830, to February 15, 1831, there were 1277 vessels 
 arrived at Cincinnati, and 1203 departed from thence. When the Baltunore and Ohio rail way and canal are 
 finished much of the trade of this stale will go to Baltimore. 
 
 Yet, notwithstanding the powerful spirit of enterprise, and the vast sums expended and appropriated 
 by the states of Pennsylvania and Maryland to divert the trade of this and other western states to their 
 respective capitals, and the increasing facilities tor the navigation of the Ohio and Mississippi to New- 
 Orleans ; still, the peculiarly favorable position of the city of New. York, together with the gigantic 
 schemes of internal improvement, formed by the state of New York and the western states, aided by 
 unparalleled natural advantages, — must give to the " commercial emporium" the largest share of the com- 
 merce of this rich and rapidly increasing part of our country. By a report of the Auditor of this state, for 
 1830, the amount of taxable property was .$04,580,055. Among the items of taxes for 1830, $226,716 
 are for state and canal, and $224,207 for county and school. Total tax for 1830, $559,074. Bank 
 capital, $1,600,000. 
 
 IR^DIAWA. 
 This state was formerly a part of the north w.stcrn territor v. It was erected into a territorial government in 1800. 
 it is bounded north and'north west by Ivlichi^an territory and lake ; east by Ohio; south by Kentucky, or the 
 Ohio river ; and west by Illinois. It'lies bel wi^cn 37° 47' and 41° 46' north Lat. and 84° 43 and 87° 55' west 
 Lon. The face of this country is more level ihan that of Ohio : Its productions are much the same, although 
 there is not so large a proportion of good land. 
 
 Yet there are parts of this state not exceeded in fertility by any country ; the vegetable soil has in many 
 places measured 22 feet in depth. The most striking feature in the geography of Indiana is the Prairies, ol 
 natural meadows, which extend over a large iiortion of the state. They are destitute of trees, and covered with 
 grass and wild fiowers, of 6 or 8 feet hich. These prairies cover a vast extent of country north west of the Ohio, 
 and also on tlie west of the Mississippi. They afford pasturage to countless herds of bulTalocs, deer, and various 
 other wild animals. . 
 
 Its principal river is the Wabash wliich is boatable for 340 miles. This river approaches within nine miles 
 of the navigable waters of Lake Erie : It falls into the Ohio 128 miles above the junction of that river with the 
 Mississippi, or 1105 miles from New Orleans. A canal is in progress between the Wabash and the Maumee, 
 which falls into Lake Erie; which, when accomphshed, will aflbrd Indiana a sale and easy intercourse with 
 Npw York. 
 
 Vincenncs and lndi,inapolis are ilourishinsr towns ; the former is on the Wabash ; in N. Lat. 39° 47' and 
 W. Lou. 85° 58'. The course of the trade of this state is at present down the Ohio and Mississippi to New 
 Orleans ; one thirty sixth part of the public lands in this state are appropriated for the support of schools. 
 
' u 
 
 There is no section of our country of eqiial extent whose soil anJ chmatc are so well adapted to all kinds 
 of agricultural purposes, or whose wntcr conmmiiications with the ocean are more numerous and important 
 than those of Illinois. The fare of tliis country is t'euerally cither prairie, or rolliuj, rather than hilly land j it 
 is mostly level in its eastern section. There is but little if any waste land in this state ; and at tliis period there 
 are large portions cf its territory, of superior soil and climate, densely covered with forest timber, for sale at jirices 
 well worthy the attention of the settler or speculator. Illinois river, which traverses the whole of the centre of 
 this state, and falls into the Mississippi 36 miles above St. Louis, 1184 above New Orleans, is a subject of curi- 
 osity, in as mucli as it is the natural link between the almost lioundless waters of the Mississi])pi basin, and 
 those of the western lakes. The distance from the mouth of the llhnois to Chicago, on Michigan lake, is 
 upwards of 400 miles, yet the fall from a summit level on that river, both to the Mississippi and to lake M ii-higan 
 does not exceed 60 feet. Loaded boats of considerable size pass on that river, to and from those distant waters, 
 in the season of freshets, without any effort of art to facilitate the navigation. 
 
 But few sections of the globe can compare with this state in its natural water communications and in the 
 choice of markets which those communications aflbrd. A safe, expeditious, and probably as cheap a method 
 as a traveller from the eastern and northern sections of the U. S. can adopt to reach Vaudalia, the capital of 
 Illinois, with or without heavy baggage, is to take the Erie canal at Albany to Buffalo, 363 miles ; thence to the 
 mouth of the Maumce river in Ohio, at the S.W. extremity of that lake, about 250 miles ; thence up the Maumee 
 80 miles to a portage of 5 miles to the Wabash ; then down the Wabash about 210 miles to Palestine, 
 Illinois, and from thence to Van.lalia aliout 80 miles by land. Whole distance from Albany to Vandalia lUiS 
 miles. Passage from Albany to Buffalo by canal boats, $5 ; from Buffalo to Sandusky bay, or Detroit, by sloop 
 navigation aliout $3. Freight from New York to Albany, 144 miles, ©2 20, from Albany to Buffalo S20, 
 and from Butlalo to Sandusky, or Detroit, $5 60 per ton. Freight doicn to Albany about 50 per cent. less. 
 Transjiortation on the interior rivers about the same as on the canal, and land carriage rather le.ss than in New 
 England. When the Miami canal is finished, from the Maumee to Cincinnati, a good passage njay be obtained 
 that way ; but the distance, if not the expense, will be much increased. 
 
 When it is considered that the insurance by river, canal and lake navigation is very trifling, and the passage 
 for eight months in the year, certain ; whilst the insurance to and up the Mississippi is very considerable, and 
 the passag'^ circuitous, slow and uncertain ; the northern route to and from this region is decidedly preferable. 
 
 The rellcction has been naturally suggested, that "if we glance an eye over the immense regions thus con- 
 nected ; if we regard the fertility of soil, the multiplicity of product which characterize those regions; and if 
 we combine those advantages afforded by nature, with the moral energy of the free and active people who are 
 S|)rea(1ing their increasing millions over its surface, what a vista through the darkness of future time opens upon 
 us ! We see arts, science, industry, virtue and social happiness, already increasing in those countries beyond 
 what the most inflated fancy would have dared to hope thirty or forty years ago." The mouth of the Maumee 
 in Sandusky hay is 565 feet above the tide waters at Albany ; and the fall of the Ohio and Mississippi from 
 Pittsburg to New Orleans is 500 feet. Illinois lies between lat. 36^ 57' and 42° 30' N. and in Ion. 87° 12' and 
 91° 5' W. Bounded N. by the N. W . territorv ; E. bv Imliana ; S. by Kentucky ; and W. by Missouri. 
 
 This state is bounded N. E. and S. E. by the Mississippi river ; S. by the territory of Arkansas ; and W. 
 and N. b; (he western unappropriated territory of the U. S. formerly a part of Louisiana. Between Lat. 36° 
 and 10° 36' N. and Lon. 88° 25' and 94° 10' W. The territory of this state was formerly a part of Louisiana. 
 The first white settlements were made by the French in 17G0. St. Louis was first settled in 1762; but this 
 country having changed masters, passing from France to Spain, and then from Spain to France, grew in popu- 
 lation and importance but slowly until the cession of it to the U. S. by France in 1803. There is perhajis no 
 region of country in the world, of the extent of Missouri, that can compare in the magnitude, number and nai i- 
 eable facilities of its rivers. St. Louis, or some place in its vicinity, seems destined by nature to become an 
 important mart of a vastly extended country. The soil of Missouri on its numerous rivers, of which the Mis- 
 sissijjpi, Missouri, Lemaine, St. Francis, Black, Merrimack, and Osage, are the most considerable, is of a 
 quality equal to any in the western country, but the soil of the greater part of the territory is by no means pro 
 iluctive. The climate of Missouri is liable to great extremes of heat and cold. In metal and other fossil sub- 
 stances, Missouri is probably the richest region in the U. S. The lead mines of Missouri, which are 
 eliielly in the county of Washington, arc considered the most valuable in the known world. The lead from thi^ 
 source is understood during the year 1830. to have completely excluded foreign lead from our markets, unless 
 in very inconsiderable quantities. From the various lead mines of the U. S. nearly 15 millions pounds w^cre 
 produced in 1829. When this state was admitted into the union, a great effort was made to interdict slavery 
 within its territory : but the friends of slaverv prevailed. 
 
 MICHIGAN TERRITOKY, 
 
 This territory includes a peninsula funned by Lakes Huron, St. Clair and Erie on the north east, Lake 
 Michigan on the west, and bounded south by the states of Ohio and Indiana, and also the extensive tract of 
 country between the Mississippi, and the Lakes Superior and Michigan. From the fertility of the soil, the 
 gooilness of the climate, and the ease with which produce can be transported by lake, canal, and river naviga- 
 tion to New York, it cannot be doubted that this territory will soon become an important member of the union. 
 Indeed it possesses singular advantages for the most extensive inland commerce, and is already the centre of 
 tlie north western fur trade. The flice of the country is generally flat, or gently rolling. There is much that 
 is extremely fertile ; but the coldness and great length of the winter will probably obstruct its settlement till the 
 mt)re southern regions of the Ohio shall be filled. 
 
 Detroit is the principal place of business in Michigan. It is situated on a strait between lakes Erie and St. 
 Clair, 18 miles from the former, and 9 miles below the latter. Detroit was first settled by the French in 1670, 
 and has ever been a point of country of considerable interest. The passage of the strait of St. Clair, in summer 
 months, is very pleasant, the banks fertile and well cultivated, the water gentle and of sufhcient depth for ships 
 of great burthen. Freight from Detroit to the city of New York, 837 miles, iiil4 per ton. Insurance about 
 i per cent. Detroit is in N. Lat. !2° 21', and W. Lon. 82° 58', and 596 miles from Washington. 
 
 This territory is situated betvve"n 11° 31' and 40° 51' North Lat. ami 82° 18' and 87° 25' West Lon. 
 
 ARKANSAS TERRITORY. 
 
 This territory was formed out of ancient Louisiana, and became a territory of the U. S. in 1819. It is bounded 
 east by the river Mississippi ; south by Loinsiana and Reil river ; west by Texas ; and north by the unappro- 
 priateil territory of the U. S. and by ^ii^souri. It extends about 550 miles from east to west, and betwi'en N. 
 Lat. 33° and 36° 30'. The first setticjiM^nts in the Louisiana country were made in this territory. Frora 
 the great extent of this territory, the face of the country, the soil and the climate are much diversiried. 
 A chain of mountains passes through Arkansas from N. E. to S. W. and extends into Texas. The country 
 S. E. of the mountains is low and liable to annual submersion. To the N. W. the country presents a large 
 expanse of prairie, without wood, except on the borders of rivers. As low at Lat. 35° the thermometer ranges 
 frora 97° above, to 20° below zero. Arkansas has a large portion of land of great fertilitv, which produces 
 cotton, wheat, corn, cattle, with a great variety of fruits and vegetables. Large quantities of iron ore, gypsuu), 
 and common salt are found in this territory. -Arkansas, its principal river, and after the Missouri, the largest 
 and longest tributary of the Mississippi, rises in the Rocky mountains, and after meandering a great distance 
 traverses this territory nearly in the centre and falls into the Mis.sissippi ,591 miles above New Orleans. 
 
 White river is also very considerable : a steam boat from the Mississippi arrived at Batesville, on that river, 
 about 400 miles distant, on the 4th of January 1831. 
 
 Little Rock is the capital, and the principal deposit of the trade of this territory ■ Little Rock is on the Arkan- 
 sas river, about 120 miles above its mouth. The Hot Sjirings of Arkansas have become famous for their 
 medicmal virtues. They are situated near the forks of the Wachitta river, and are much frequented. I'lie 
 l?nd around them is called " the land of peace j" and tribes of Indians unfriendly to each '^tlier, on arriving at 
 tn.s olace always susuend hostilities. 
 
18 
 
 FLORIDA TERRITORY. 
 
 This territory is bounded north by Georgia ; east by the Atlantic ocean ; south by the gulf of Mexico ; and 
 west by the same gulf and Alabama. This is the most southern part of the U. S. It is divided into East and 
 West Florida ; the former is on the Atlantic ocean and has St. Augustine tor its capital, in Lat. 29" 45' N. and 
 Lon. 81° 30' W. The latter is on the gulf of Mexico and has Pensacola for its capital, in Lat. 30° 28' N. and 
 Lon. 88° 12' W. Both are however under one territorial government. Florida was discovered in 1512, and was 
 first settled by the French, in 15G2. In 1639 it was conquered by Spain. Although Florida is a peninsula of 
 more than 1000 miles outline of sea coast, only 120 miles mean breadth, and less in size than the state of 
 ■ Illinois, yet owin^ to the indolence or inattention of its former possessors, a large portion of its territory ib 
 but impcrfei-tly known. From the best sources it appears that the soil of Florida is of an inferior quality, 
 excepting those sections of it near and along its streams. The vegetable productions of Florida are numerous 
 and valuable ; cotton, indigo, rice, sugar-cane, indian corn and tobacco; also the olive, orange, lime, peach and 
 fig tree are already cultivated with success. It is supposed that the cofl'ee plant would flourish here. The live 
 oak and laurel magnolia are indigenous. The capitals of Florida are its chief marts of trade. Both have good 
 harbors ; Pensacola is also a depot of the American navy. Tallahassee is the seat of government. 
 
 The small island of Key West is near the coast of Florida, in the gulf of Mexico, a rendezvous for ships of 
 war and merchantmen, the most southerly settlement of the tl. S. in Lat. 24° 34' N. and Lon. 81° 33' W. 
 
 The climate of Florida is soft and delicious, rarely suffering from extreme cold, and constantly refreshed by 
 fca breezes from the Atlantic or the gulf of Mexico. Invalids from all parts of the U. S. resort to St. Augustine 
 for health, and are generally benefited by the air. Bank at Tallahassee, in Lat. 30° 28' N. and Lon. 84° 36' W. 
 capital S600,000. Pensacola is 1050, and St. Augustine 8'U miles from Washington. 
 
 This territory was ceded to Great P.ritnin in I7(i3, and in 1781 it was again recovered by Spain. 
 
 GREAT WESTERN TERRITORY. 
 
 With ttie exception of a nuiiiher ol trading liouses, and military posts, this territory is peopled only by the 
 natives of the forest. Its government, for tein|ior.irv purposes, is connected with tiiat of IN'lichigan. The best 
 account of the character of the natives, the soil, climate and rivers of this country is found in the journal of 
 Lewis & Clark, who under the direction of the national government, traversed this immense region, over the 
 rocky mountains to the Columbia river on the Pacific ocean, in the years 1804, '5 and '6, and in a later account 
 by Major Long, who, with an exploring party visited the valley of the Missouri in 1823. 
 
 Our knowledge however of this territory is at present quite limited ; but as a part of the soi! is known to be 
 very good, the face of the country rather undulating tJiau hilly, the climate mild for its latitude, particularly on 
 the western side of the mountams, and the passage of the Rocky mountains less difEctilt than has been supposed, 
 other states and territorieslike Ohio, Illinois and iVIichigan will doubtless arise in this distant, but highly interest- 
 ing section of the territory of the \J. S. Large quantities of furs and peltry are collected in this territory and 
 sent to Detroit. 
 
 This territory has a western outline on the Pacific ocean of about 500 miles. The Columbia, Oregon, or 
 River of the West is estimated to be about 1600 miles long ; it rises in the Rocky mountains in Lat. about 55° N. 
 and falls into the Pacific ocean in Lat. 46° 19' N. and Lon. 123° 54' W. ; and is navigable 183 miles from its 
 mouth, to which distance the tide flows. 
 
 This river is also navigable a great distance above tide water, after passing some short narrows, rapids and falls. 
 The Oregon territory, so called, is that portion of this country lying west of the Rocky mountains. From the 
 mouth of the Columbia to Washington is about 3,100 iviilos. 
 
 When the Indian titles to these unappropriated lands of the U. S. are extinguished, 150 states may be 
 formed of larger territory tlian that of Massachusetts. 
 
 THE GREAT LAKES. 
 
 These immense waters, whose centre generally makes the boundary line between the United States and 
 the Canadas, have a natural outlet to the Atlantic ocean, by the river and gulf of St. Lawrence. An assem- 
 blage of such vast fresh \i'ater seas, the immense basin or country in which they are embodied, the great arte- 
 ries which supply them, and the rapid increase of population within this basin ; together with their relative 
 position between two powerful nations, deserve a few remarks even in this brief outline of the United States. 
 
 Passing from the sea up the St. Lawrence, the first important place we meet is Q,uebec, the " Gibraltar oj 
 America," about 400 miles from the sea, in Latitude 46° 47' N. and 71° 10' W. Longitude. The St. Law- 
 rence is navigable for the largest vessels to Cluebec, and even to Montreal, in Latitude 45° 31' N. and Longi- 
 tude 73° 35' W. 166 miles above Uuebec, ibr vessels of 400 tons. The tide flows to within 00 miles of Mon- 
 treal ; a greater distance than it is known to flow in any other river in the world. From Montreal to Ogdens- 
 burg, one of the termini of a contempkitcd rail-road from Boston, a distance of 120 miles, the St. Lawrence is 
 in many places very rapid and of difficult navigation. From Ogdensburg to Lewiston, the most northern and 
 western points of navigation on Lake Ontario, is about 290 miles. 'I'his lake covers an area of 5, 100,000 
 acres, and is navigable for the largest ships. Passing the great cataract of Niagara, from Lewiston to Bufl'alo, 
 is 28 miles. From Bufialo to Detroit, is about 330 miles. Lake Erie covers an area of 7,680,000 acres; but 
 its depth of water is not so great as that of Ontario. A large amount of tonnage is employed on this lake ; 
 and its commerce, as well as that of Ontario, is rapidly increasing. 
 
 The strait of St. Clair, 27 miles long, on which Detroit is built, connects this lake with those of St. Clair, 
 Huron, Jlichigan, and Superior. The St. Clair covers an area of about 800,000, and Huron about 12,800,000 
 acres. Lake Michigan is about 300 miles long, and covers an area of 9,000,000 acres. This lake is wholly 
 whhin the limits of the United States. Michigan is connected with Huron by the strait of Michilimaekinack, 
 40 miles long, which, with the lake, is navigable for large vessels. 'Mackhiaw is an island in this strait, a 
 place of considerable trade, has a custom house, and is a port of entry. 
 
 Passing from Lake Huron by the strait of St. Jlary, about 40 miles long, and having a fall of about 23 feet, 
 we come to Lake Superior, the largest fresh water sea in the known world. This lake is elevated above the tide 
 waters of the Atlantic ocean, in the Gulf of St. Lawrence, 641 feet ; and covers an area of 19,200,000 acres. 
 From the northern and western extremity of this lake, to the mouth of the Gulf of the St. Lawrence, is about 
 1800 miles ; and the whole area covered by the waters of the lakes mentioned, is 54 J million acres, or 85,155 
 square miles. 
 
 Great and laudable exertions are making by the British government and the people of the Canadas to draw 
 the trade of this iumiense basin to Montreal and Ciuebec. More than a million of dollars has already been 
 expended on the Wclland canal to unite lakes Erie and Ontario by sloop navigation round the falls of 
 Niagara : the distance is 42 miles ; and the elevation of lake Erie, above Ontario, is 334 feet. When we 
 consider the many and great dilEculties attending the navigation of the St. Lawrence, it is confidently believed 
 that our canal and rail-road systems, particularly the latter, will prove the best medium of commercial operations 
 between tliis basin and the ocean. 
 
 INDI.\NS IN THE U.\ITEU STATES.— It is calculated that there are 313,130 Indians within the 
 limits of the United States ; viz. in Maine, Massachusetts, Rhode Island, Connecticut, and Virginia, ^..Wa ; 
 New York, 4.820 ; Pennsylvania, 300 ; North Carolina, 3,100 ; South Carolina, 300 ; Georgia, 5,000 ; Ten- 
 nessee, 1,000 ; Ohio, 1.877; Mississippi, 23,400 ; Alabama, 19.200; Louisiana, 939 ; Indiana, 4,030 ; Illi- 
 nois, 5,900; Missouri, 5,631 ; Michigan, 9,340 ; Arkansas, 7,200 ; Florida, 4,000 ; in the country east of the 
 river Mississippi, north of Illinois and west of the three upper Lakes, 20,200 ; west of the Mississippi, east 
 of the Rocky Mountains, and not included in the states of Louisiana or Missouri, or the territory of Arkan- 
 sas. 94,300 ; "within the Rocky Mountains, 20,000 ; and west of the Rocky Mountains, between latitude 44° 
 and 49°, HO.OOO. The United States have acquired of the Indians, by treaty at various times, in diflercnt 
 states, 209,'J19,865 acres of land. The United States pay to diiferent tribes permanent annuities, amount- 
 ing to $142,.'>2,5, limited annuities, $138,825; for education, $24,500, and treaty stipulations, $25,470; to- 
 tal, $Tj],320, 
 
hff 
 
 
 
 h4 
 
 
 4 < *-'■"" 
 
 
 
 
 
 V 
 
13 
 CENSUS OF THE UNITED STATES— 1830. 
 
 5^ Thk seals of government of the several states are printed in small capitals; and the county towns, or seats, in 
 ttatics. The first figures give tile population of the county in 1820 ; the second, the population of the county in 1830 ; Then 
 is given the population of the county town, 18;)0, with its course and distance from some noted town, or the capital of the 
 state, and its distance from Washington ; and then is given the population in 1830, of as many of the largest towns, in each 
 county, as the limits of this work will permit. Tlie population is taken chiefly from official sources ; The distances are from 
 the "Table of the Post Offices" for 1831. 
 
 M,A.INIj.— CUMBERLAND Co. 49,445— fi0,113. City of Porf/nnii, 12,601 ; .542 miles from Washington. Brunswick, 
 3,747. Gorham, 2,088. Minol, 2,908. North Yarmouth, 2,664. Freeport, 2,623. Falmouth, 1,966. Durham, 1,731. Cape 
 Elizabeth, 1,697. Gray, 1,575. HANCOCK Co. 17,856.-24,347. Cnstine, 1,155. 1.34 N. E. by E. from Portland, 676. 
 Bucksport, 2,237. Deer Isle, 2,217 Vinalhavcn, 1,794. Sedgwick, 1,606. Mount Desert, 1,603. Ellsworth, 1,385. Penob- 
 scot, 1,271. Bluehill, 1,499. Brooksville, 1,089. KENNEBEC Co. 40,150—32,491. Auocsta, 3.980, 53 N. N. E. 595. 
 Hallowell, 3,964. Gardner, 3,709. Farminglon, 2.340. China, 2,234. Vassalborough, 2,761. Clinton, 2,125. Sidney, 2,191. 
 Walerville, 2,216. Winthrop, 1,887. LINCOLN Co. 46,843—57,181. IViscasset, 2,443, 47 N. E. 589. Topskam, 1,564. 
 K'arren, 2 030. Thomaston, 4,221. Balh, 3,773. Waldoborouph, 3,113. Bristol, 2,450. Boolhbay, 2,290. Lisbon, 2,423. 
 Litchfield,' 2,308. O.XFGRD Co. 27,104—35,217. Parts, 2,337. 39 N. by W. 581. Livermore, 2,456. Turner, 2,218. 
 Norway, 1,712. Fryeburgh, 1,353. Jay, 1,276. Hartford, 1,297. Waterford, 1,123. Sumner, 1,099. Rumford, 1,126. Bethel, 
 1,620. Buckfield, 1,510. >ENOBSCOT Co. 13,870—31,530. Bangor, 2,S6S. 119 N. E. 661. Maddawaska, 2,487. Hamp- 
 den, 2,020. Ornno, 1,473. Exeter, 1,438. Orringlon, 1,234. Brewer, 1,078. Dover, 1,042. Dixmont, 945. Sebec, 903. 
 
 SOMERSET Co. 21,787—35,788. J^.irridgcwock, 1,710. 81 N. N. E. 623. Fairfield, 2,002, Anson, 1,532. Athens, 1,200. 
 Bloomfield, 1,072. Canaan, 1,076. Madison, 1,272. Mercer, 1,210. New Portland, 1,215. Stark, 1,471. 
 
 WALDO Co. 22,253— 29,790. Belfast. 3,011. 99 N. E. by E, 641. Frankfort, 2,487. Camden, 2,200. Prospect, 2,381 
 Lincolnsville, 1,702. Montville, 1,743, Palermo, 1,258. Hope, 1,541. Monroe, 1,081. Unity, 1,299. 
 
 WASHINGTON Co. 12,744—21,295. Machias, 1,021. 203 E. N. E. 745. Eastport, 2,450. Calais, 1,686. Harrington, 
 1,118, Lubec, 1,535. East Machias, 1,066, Dennysville, 856. Jonesborough, 810. Addison, 741. Perry, 735. 
 
 YORK Co. 40,283— 51,710. lori, 3,485. 42 S,W, by S. 500. jilfrcd,!,^. Berwick, 3,168. Buxton, 2,856 Kcnnc- 
 bunk, 2,233. Kennebunk Port, 2,763. Kittery, 2,202. Hollis, 2,273. Parsonsfield, 2,465. Wells, 2,977. 
 
 The population of this Stale in 1765, was 20,788. There were in this Stale in 1830, 819 white males, and 909 do. females 
 of 80 and under 90 years of age; 92 white males, and 139 do. females of 90 and under 100; and 1 while male, and 3 do, females 
 upivards of 100 years of age. There were 187 white and 2 colored persons deaf and dumb; 157 whites and 5 colored persons 
 who were blind ; and 2,830 aliens. The Baptists in this Stale liaveSlO churches, about 160 ministers, and 12,930 communicants ; 
 the Cf'ngreffationalists 156 churches, 107 ministers, and about 10,000 comnmnicants; the Methodists 56 ministers, and 12,1^ 
 communicants. There are 50 congregations of Free- Will Baptists ; 30 societies of Friends ; 12 Unitarian societies; 4 Epis- 
 copalian ministers; 4 Roman Catholic churches : 3 societies of the JVew Jerusalem Church, and some Universalists. 
 
 Bovodoin College, at Brunswick, in the county of Cumberland, 27 miles from Portland, was founded 1794: 392 Alumni; 7 
 Instructors ; 137 Undergraduates ; 12,300 vols, in Libraries ; William Allen, D. D. Pres'l, Walerville College, at Walerville, 
 in the county of Kennebei., 71 miles from Portland, was founded 1820 : Alumni, 60; Instructors, 5; Under-graduates, 45; 
 2,400 vols, in Lib •ties: Jeremiah Chaplin, D. D. President. There were in this Slate in 1830, 31 Academies, whose aggre- 
 gate funds amounted to $170,222. The Maine Wesleyan Seminary, at Readfield, 11 miles from Augusta, uniting agricultural 
 and mechanical labor with lilerary pursuits, promises much good to the c 
 
 M'E'W-HAMCPSHIRE.- ROCKINGHAM Co. 40,526— 44,452. Portsmouth, 8,082. 45 E. S, E, from Concord, 
 401 from W. £i£/rr, 2,758. Derry, 2,178. Deerfield, 2,086. Chester, 2,039. Salem, 1,310. Candia, 1,362, Epping, 1,263, 
 Hampton, 1,103. Seabrook, 1,096. Windham, 1,006. Londonderry, 1,409. New-Market, 2,013, Norlhwood, 1,342. Not- 
 tingham, 1,157. Rye, 1,172. Raymond, 1,000. STRAFFORD Co, 51,415— 58,916. /Jooer, 5,449. 40. E. 490. Gilmanton, 
 3,816. Alton, 1,993. Barnstead, 2,047. Barrington, 1,89,5, Conway, 1,601. Durham, 1,606. Eaton, 1,432. Effingham, 
 1,911. Farminglon, 1,404. Gilford, 1,872. Lee, 1,009. Merideth, 2,683. Milton, 1,273. Moultonborough, 1,422, New- 
 Durham, 1,162. New-Hampton, 1,904, Ossipee, 1,935. Rochester, 2,135. Sanbornton, 2,8f.6. Sandwich, 2,743. Somers- 
 worlh, 3,090. Straflbrd, 2,200. Tamworth, 1,554. Tuftonborough, 1,375. Wakefield, 1,470. Wolfeborough, 1,928. 
 
 MERRIMACK Co. 32,743—34,619. Concord, 3,727. 474. Andover, 1,324. Boscawen, 2,093. Bow, 1,065. Bradford, 
 1,285. Canterbury, 1,663. Chichesler, 1,084. Dunbarton, 1,067. Epsom, 1,418, Franklin, 1,370. Henniker, 1,725. Hop- 
 kinton, 2,474. Loudon, 1,642. Nonhfield, 1,109. Pembroke, 1,312. Pittsfleld, 1,271. Salisbury, 1,379. Sutton, 1,424. 
 Warner, 2,221. HILLSBOROUGH Co, 35,781— 37,762. .SmAerst, 1,657. 30 S. 448. Antrim, 1,309. Bedford, 1,554. 
 
 Deering, 1,2-27. Dunstable, 2,417. Franceslown, 1,540. Goflslown, 2,213. Hancock, 1,316. Hillsborough, 1,792. Hollis, 
 1,501. Hudson, 1,282. Lyndcborough, 1,147. Mason, 1,403. Merrimack, 1,191. Milford, 1,303. New-Boston, 1,680. New- 
 Ipswich, 1,673. Pelham, 1,075. Peterborough, 1,984. Weare, 2,430. Wilton. 1,041. CHESHIRE Co. 26,753—27,016. 
 Kcene, 2,374. 55 S. W. by W. 431. Alslead, 1,559. Chesterfield, 2,046. Dublin, 1,218. Filzwilliam, 1,2-39. Jaffrey, 1,354. 
 Richmond, 1,301. Rindge, 1,269. Stoddard, 1,159, Swanzey, 1,816. Walpole, 1,979. Westmoreland, 1,647. Winchester, 
 2,052. SULLIVAN Co. 18,628—19,687. Jfewport, 1,913. 40 N. W. 467. Acworlh, 1,401, Charleslown, 1,773. Clare- 
 niont, 2,526. Cornish, 1,687. Croydon, 1,057. Graolhain, 1,079. Plainfield, 1,581. Springfield, 1,202. Unity, 1,258. 
 Washington, 1,133. GRAFTON Co. 3-2,989-38,691. /faotrAiH, 2,153. 67 N. N. W. 509. Alexandria, 1,083. Bath, 1,626. 
 Campion, 1,313. Canaan, 1,428. Enfield, 1,492. Grafton, 1,207. Hanover, 2,361. Holderness, 1,429. Lebanon, 1,868. 
 Lime, 1,804. Lisbon, 1,483. Lilllelun, 1,435. Lyman, 1,321. New-Chester, 1,090. Orford, 1,829. Piermonl, 1,042. Ply- 
 mouth, 1,175. Thornton, 1,049. COOS Co. 5,521—8,390. Lancaster, 1,187. 110 N. 558. Bartlell, 644. Colcbrook, 542. 
 
 The population of this stale in 1701 was 10,000 ; in 1730, 12,000 ; in 1749, 30,000 ; in 1767, 52,700; and in 1775, 80,038. In 
 1830 there were 19,438 white males, and 18,506 do. females, under 5 years of age ; 21,147 do. males, and 24,485 do. females, of 
 20 and under 30; 5,097 do. males, and 5,887 do. females, of 60 and under 70; 3 do. males, and do. females, of 100 years and 
 upwards;- 136 white, and 12 colored persons, deaf and dumb; 117 while persons who were blind ; and 400 aliens. Dart- 
 mouth College, at Hanover, in the county of Graflon, 54 miles from Concord, was founded 1770. Alumni, 2,230. Instructors, 
 9. Under-graduates, 153. Libraries, 14,000 vols. Nathan Lord, D.D. President. There is a Medical School connected with 
 the College; a Theological Irislilulion at New-Hampton, 28 miles from Concord ; and about 30 incorporated Academies, in 
 various parts of the slate. There are in this state 13 societies of Fricniis; 8 Episcopalian ministers; 20 congregations of 
 Universalists; 10 Unitarian ministers ; 2 Catholic churches: 2 societies of Shakers ; 1 society of Sandemanians ; 9 Presby- 
 terian ministers, 11 churches, and 1,499 communicanls. The Congregationalists have 146 churches, 116 ministers, 12,867 
 oomraunicants. Baptists, 75 churches, 61 ministers, 5,279 communicants. Free-mill Baptists, 67 churches, 51 ministers, and 
 between 4 and 5,000 communicants. The Methodists have 30 ministers, 3,180 communicants. Christ-ians, 17 ministers. 
 
 VERTdONT.— ADDISON Co. 20,469—24,940. Middlebury,2,^m. 57 S.W. by W. from Montpelier ■ 483 from W 
 Addison, 1,306. Bridpnrt, 1,774. Bristol, 1.247. Cornwall, 1,264. Ferrisburg, 1,822. Mouklon, 1,384. New Haven 183l' 
 Shoreham, 2,137. Siaiksborougli, l,Mi Vergennes, Dfj/, 999. Weybridpe, 850. ' ' 
 
 BKNNLNGTON Co. 10,125— 17,470. ifniiin^lon, 3,419. 120 S. S. W. 414. ArHngton, li!07. Dorset, 1 ,507. Manchester 
 1,525. Poivnal, 1,835. Rupert, 1.318. Shaflsbury, 2,143. Stamford, 563. Sunderland, 463. Windhall, 571. ' 
 
 CALEDONIA Co. 16,669— 20,967. /JaTiniHe, 2,631. 29 N. E. by E. 338. Barnet, 1,764. Cabot, 1,304. Hardwick 1 216 
 Lyndon, 1,822. Peacham, 1,351. Byegale, 1,119. St. Johnsbury, 1,592. Sutton, 1,005. Waterford, 1,358, ' ' 
 
 CHITTENDON Co. 16,053— 21,775. Burl,,,,;-!,,™, 3,326. 38 W. N. W. 313. t;harlolte, 1,702. Colchester, 1 489 Essex 
 1,664. Hinesburgh, 1,669. Jericho, 1,634. Milton, 2,100. Richmond, 1,109. Shelburne, 1,123. Underbill 1 U50 Weslfnrd' 
 1,290. Williston, 1,608. ESSEX Co. 3,284— 3,981. Ou.^iia/;, 481. 76 E. N. E. 564. Canaan, 373. Concord' 1 031 Lu 
 nenburgh, 1,054. Maidstone, 236. Minehead, 150. FRANKLIN Co. 17,192— 24,3-25. St. .Ilbans, 2 395 64'N'w'bvN 
 S41. Bakersfield, 1,087. Berkshire, 1,308. Cambridge, 1,613. Enosburgh, 1,500. Fairfax, 1,729. Fairfield 2 "70 ' ' ' ' 
 
 GRAND ISLE Co. 3,527— 3,996. JVortA .Hero, 638. 68 N.W. 545. Alburgh, 1,239. Grand Isle, 943. South Hero 717 
 Vineyard, 459. ORANGE Co. 24,681— 27,285. CArfsea, 1,958. 23 S. by E. 500. Bradford, 1,507. Braintree 1 "09 Brook- 
 field, 1,677. Corinth, 1,933. Newbury, 2,232. Orange, 1,016. Randolph, 2,743. Stratford, 1.933. Thetford "'l83' 
 
 ORLEANS Co. 6,976— 13,980. /rasJ.ui-£-*, 860. 49 N. N. E. 368. Albanv, 683. Barton, 729. Charleston 564' 
 
 RUTLAND Co. 29,983— 31,295. iSuIinnrf, 2,733. 67 S. S. W. 462. Benson, 1,493, Brandon, 1940 'Cast'leton 1783 
 Clarendon, 1,585, Danby, 1,362, Mount Holly, 1,318. Orwell, 1,598. Pawlet, 1,965. Piltsford, 2,005. Poullnev iW 
 Shrewsbury, 1,289. Tinmoulh, 1,049. Wallingford, 1,740. WASHINGTON Co. 14,113—21,394. Montpelier v,l 1 las' 
 524. Barre, 2,012. Berlin, 1,604. Calais, 1,339. Marshfleld, 1,271. Middlesex, 1,136. Montpelier, 1,792. Northfleui l'41"' 
 Btow, 1,570. Walerbmy, 1,650. WINDHAM Co. 38,639— 28,738. Fa7jtttev,lle, l.U\. UOS. iW. Bratllebornu"h' "14? 
 
 P" lerslon, 1^92. Gralton, 1,439. Guilford, 1,760. Halifax, 1,562. Jamaica, 1,523. Londonderry, 1,30-2. MafborouEh' 
 
 1,218. Putney, 1,510. Ituckiugham, 2,272. Townshend, 1,386. W.irdsborough, 1,148. Westminster, 1 737 Whitlincham' 
 1,477. Wilmington, 1,307. WINDSOR Co. 38,233—40.623. Ifini/sor, 3,134. 59 S. by E. 469. Barnard 1881 Bethel' 
 1.067. Bridgewater, 1,311. Cavendish, 1,498. Chester, 2,320. Woodstock, 3,044. ' ■ • , 
 
 There were in this State in 1830, 17,396 while males, and 16,877 do. females of 10 and under 15 years of age ; 1.5,805 while 
 males, and 15,7,6 do. teniales of 15 and under 20; 24,200 while males, and 2.5,167 do. females of 20 nn.l iimlJr 30 3 while 
 
 males, and 3 do. leinales of 100 years and upwards; 149 while and two colored persons deaf and ,1 i, I i u mie uersona 
 
 who were blind, and 3,420 aliens. There were in 1831, 35 Academies and High schools, and al>. , l: u li . , i, , sch.i„ls 
 Raleable polls m 1830, 42,859; acres of la.xable land, 1,083,593; 2-34,603 oxen, and other caul, - . mdniules- 
 
 125.963 sheep. The ajjiount of the Grand List lor stale taxes in 1831, was 31,834,980. TheCn:;.^,. . . , , i nel3i«so- 
 
 ciations : 203 churches; 110 pastors, and 17,236 communicanls: the Baptists 105 churches, 5u'p;,»~i(,r.< ;ii,d - i;;: cinjmuni- 
 cants; the .^/tl/ioAsis, 44 ministers, and 8,577 conjmunicanls ; the Episcopalians, 15minislers; the J/nitor,a„s, 3 societies 
 and one niinisler ; and there are some Free- Wilt Baptists, CJirist laiis, and Universalists. 
 
 Q» I ,""',"'■'■''"'' "-^ f'>">ont, at Burlington in the counly ul Cliitlenden, was lounded 1791 : Instructors, 4 ; Under-graduates 
 f Aji ™"''^' '•^'"'™ls.; Alumni, 182: James Marsh, D. D. President. Middlebury College, at Middlebury, in the county 
 oi Addison, was founded in 1800. Instructors, 5 ; Under eraduales, 99 ; Alumni. 509; Libraries, about 4.S00vols.: Joshui 
 Bates, D. D. President. - » , .v/»u <■ 
 
14 
 
 KtASSACHUSETTS.— SUFFOLK Co. pnp. in 1820, 4:i,r:41— in 1830, 62,162. Boston, C1,302. 432 miles from 
 W.ishinglcin. Chelspa, 770. ESSEX Cil 73,930—82,887. Sa/o/i, l.^SSe. 14 N. B. by N. from Dostnn, 44B. Aniesburv, 
 2 443. Andover, 4,.HU. Beverly, 4,079. Boxford, 937. Bradford, 1,85 j. Danvers, 4,238. Essex, 1,343. Gloiiceslnr, 7,5U 
 Hamilton, 743. Haverhill, 3,912. Ipswich, 2,931. Lynn, 6,138. Lyiifield, 617. Manchester, 1,238. Marblehead, 5.150. 
 Methiien, 2,011. Middleton, 607. Newbury, 3,803. JVcioteryport, 6,388. Rowley, 2,044. Salisbury, 2,519. Saums, 960. 
 Topsfleld, 1,011. Wenham, 612. West Newbury, 1,586. MIDDLESEX Co. 61,476— 77,968. CnmirWire, 6,071. 3 W.N.W. 
 431. Acton, 1,128. Ashby, 1,240. Bedford, 685. Billerioa, 1,374. Boxborough, 474. Brighton, 972. Burlinjilon, 446. 
 Carlisle, 566. Cliarlestown, 8,787. Chelmsford, 1,387. Concori/, 2,017. Dracul, 1,615. Dunstable, 593. East Sudbury, 944. 
 Franiinghain, 2,313. Grotnn, 1,923. llolliston, 1,304. Hopkinton, 1,809. Lexington, 1,541. Lincoln, 709. Lif.lelon, 947. 
 Lowell, 6,474. Maiden, 2,010. Malbnrouih, 2,074. Medlord, 1,755. N.itick, 890. Newtnn, 2,377. Pcpperell, 1,440. Read- 
 ing, 1,806. Sherburne, 900. Shirley, 991. South Reading, 1,310. Stoneham, 732. Stow, 1,221. Sudbury, 1,424. Tewks- 
 bury, 1,.327. Townsend, 1,500. Tviigsboroush,822. Walthani, 1,859. Waterlown, 1,041. West Cambridge, 1,230. West- 
 ford, 1,329. Weston, 1,001. Wiimijigton, 731. Woburn, 1,977. PLYMOUTH Co. 38,136—42,993. rlj/mouth, 4.751. 
 36, S. E. by S. 439. Abingtnn, 2,423. Bridgewater, 1,853. Carver, 970. Duxbury, 2,705. East Bridgewater, 1,653. Hali- 
 fa.\, 709. Hanover, 1,300. Hanson. 1,030. Hingham,3,.3.37. Hull, 198. Kingston, 1,322. Marshfield, 1,563. Middlebnrough, 
 5,008. N. Bridgewater, 1,953. Pembroke, 1,324. PIvraton, 920. Rochester, 3,556. Scituate, 3,470. Warehani, 1,885. W. 
 Bridgewater, 1,042. NORFOLK Co. 36,452—41,901. Dcdham, 3,057. 10 S.W. bv S. 422. Bellingham, 1,101. Braintree, 
 1,752. Brooliiine, 1,041. Canton 1,517. Cohassct, 1,227. Dorchester, 4,064. Dover, 497. Foxborough, 1,099. Franklin, 
 1,662. Medfield, 817. Medway, 1,766. Milton, 1,.565. Necdham, 1.420. Quincy, 2,192. Randolph, 2,200. Roxbury, 5,249. 
 Sharon, 1,024. Stoughton, 1,591. Walpole, 1,442. Weymouth. 2,839. Wrentham, 2,765. 
 
 BRISTOL Co. 40,908 — 19,474. Taunton, 6,0-15. 32 S. 415. Attleborough, 3.215. Berkley, 907. Dartmouth, 3,867. 
 Dighton, 1,737. Easton, 1,756. Faiihaven, 3,034. Freetown, 1,909. Mansfield, 1,172. ^Tem Bc(lfaTd,l,mi. Norton, 1,484. 
 Pawlncket, 1,458. Raynham, 1,209. Relinbuth, 2,468. Seeconk, 2,134. Sumerset, 1,024. Swanzey, 1,677. Troy, 4,159. 
 Fall River Village, 3,431. Westport, 2,773. BARNSTABLE Co. 24,046—28,525. Barnstable, 3,975. O.'i S. E. 406 
 Brewster, 1,418. Chatham, 2,134. Dennis, 2,317. Eastliam, 966. Falmouth, 2,548. Harwich, 2,464. Orleans, 1,799. 
 Provincetown, 1,710. Sandwich, 3.367. Truro, 1,.049. Wellflee!! 2,044. Yarmouth, 2,251. 
 
 NANTUCKET Co. and town, 7,266—7,903. 103 S. E. bv S. 500. DUKES Co. 3,293—3,518. Edgartoicn, 1,509. 97 S. S.E. 
 495. Chilmark, 091. Tisburv, 1,318. WORCESTER Co. 73,635— 84,305 fForcpsier, 4,172. 40 W. bv S. 394. Ashburn- 
 ham, 1,403. Alhol, 1,325. Barre, 2,503. Berlin, 692. Bolton, 1,258. Boylston, 820. Bn.okfield, 2,342. Charlton, 2,173. 
 Dana, 623. Douglas, 1,742. Dudley, 2,155. Fitchburg, 2,180. Gardner, 1,023. Grafton, 1,889. llardwich, 1,885. Harvard, 
 1,001. Holden, 1,718. Hubbardston, 1,674. Lancaster, 2,016. Leicester, 1,782. Leominster, 1,861. Lunenburg, 1,318. 
 Mendon, 3,152. Milford, 1,380. Millbury, 1,611. New Braintree, 825. Nortliborough, 994. Northbridgo, 1,053. North 
 Brookfield, 1,241. Notown, 69. Oakham, 1,010. Oxford, 2,034. Paxton, 597. Petersham, 1,095. Phillipston, 932. Prince- 
 ton, 1,345. Royalstnn, 1,494. Rutland, 1,276. Shrewsbury, 1,386. Southborough, 1,080. Southbridge, 1,444. Spencer, 
 1,618. Sterling, 1,789. Sturbridge, 1,688. Sutlmi, 2,186. Templeton, 1,551. Upton, 1,157. Uxbridge, 2,086. Ward, 690. 
 Westborough, 1,438. West Boylston, 1,053. Western, 1,189. Westminster, 1,695. Winchendon, 1,463. 
 
 HAMPSHIRE Co. 20,477—30,210. M'ortkampton, 3,618. 91 W. 376. Arnliersl, 2,631. Belchertown, 2,491. Chesterfield, 
 1,417. Cummington, 1,260. Easthampton, 734. Enfield, 1.058. Gnshen, 6ni, firanbv, 1,064. Greenwich, 813. Hadlev, 
 
 1,886. Hatfield, 893. Middlefield, 731. Norwich, 787. Pciham, 904. Pla .,'.. \i-:\. I'rescot, 758. Southampton, 1,253 
 
 South Hadley, 1,185. Ware, 2,045. Westhampton, 907. Williamshnrg, 1 ,.'- i\ .i luLion, 1,178. 
 
 HAMPDEN Co. 28,021— 31,640. Spriug/ieW, 6,784. 87 W. by S. 203. l,i :,i ,;i. BrimficM, 1,5:.P. Chester, 1,407. 
 
 Granville, 1,649. Holland, 433. Longmeadow, 1,257. Ludlow, 1,327. .M. ,,.!•-' ' .Montgomery, 579. Palmer, 1,237. 
 Kussell, 507. SoUthwick, 1,355. Tolland, 723. Wales, 065. Westfield, 2,91(1. West Springfield, 3,270. Wilbraham, 2,034. 
 FRANKLIN Co. 29,208—29,344. Greenfield, 1,540. 95 W. by N. 396. Ashfleld, 1,732. Barnardstown, 945. Buckland, 
 1,039. Charlemonl, 1,065. Coleraine, 1,877. Conway, l,5o3. Deeiiicid, 2,U03. Ervijig's Grant, 429. Gill, 864. Hawley, 
 1,037. Heath, 1,199. Leverett, 939. Leyden,796. Montajjue, 1,152. Mujiroe, 26.3. New Salejn, 1,889. Northfield, 1,757. 
 Grange, 880. Bowe,716. Shelburne,985. Sliutesbury,987. Sunderland, 666. W.rwick, 1,150. Wendell, 875. Whateley, 
 1,111. BERKSHIRE Co. 35,666— 37,825. 7,™or, 1,3.3.3. 133 W. 363. Adams, 2,648. Al ford, 512. Becket, 1,065. Bos- 
 ton Corner, 64. Cheshire, 1,049. Clarksburg, 315. Dallon, 791. Egreniont, 889. Florida, 454. Great Barrington, 2,276. 
 Hancock, 1,053. Hinsdale, 780. Lauesborough, 1,192. Lee, 1,835. Mount Washington, 345. New Ashford, 285. New 
 Malborough, 1,656. Otis, 1,014. Peru, 729. Piltslield, 3,570. Richmond, 844. Sandisfteld, 1,655. Savoy, 928. Shcflicld, 
 2,392. Stockbridge, 1,580. Tyringham, 1,351. Washington, 701. W. Stockbridge, 1,208. Williamstown, 2,137. Windsor, 
 1,042. Zoar, 129. 
 There were in this state in the year 1830, 40,615 white niales ami 39,516 ilo. females under 5 years of age ; 36,034 white 
 
 males and 34,504 do. females, of 5 and under 10; .34,603 wlnh ,,,,,;,- .,,,1 .... I. h ,i,;ii, ,.,i Hi ;,,ul nnd. r 13; 32,868 white 
 
 males and 34,463 do. females, of 15 and under 20 ; 5H,JMul,.. i, a. I :,,,[. ^, ..i .m hh.I under 30. 35,417 
 
 white niales and 38,184 do. females, of 30 and nnder -III -M i: > ! ' ■••• i i.uhs, i-i 111 and under 50 ; 
 
 15,029 white males and 18,453 do. females, of 50 and undi M'li . In,:i- i u hrr ii,,ii( , ,,im1 i ,■ 'ii:i ,]„. i, miilr,,;, ,ii 60 and under 70; 
 5,51j6 white males and 7,177 do. females, of 70 and iliidcr 80 ; 1,70^ while mal.s ami 2,512 do. females, of 80 and under 90 ; 
 172 white males and 335 do. females, of 9U and under 100 ; and 1 wh. male and 2 do. females, of 100 years old and upwards; 
 5 colored males and 4 do. females of 100 years olil and upwards. There were in this staie at tliat time, 270 white persona 
 dr^f and dumb, and 241 do. blind; 5 colored persons deaf and dumb, and 4 do. blind; 8,735 Ibreigners not naturalized. 
 
 The population of this state in 1701, was 70,000; in 1749, 320,000; and in 1776, 348,094. The population of Boston in 
 1700, was 7,000 ; in 1732, 10,567 ; in 1765, 15,530 ; in 1790, 18,038 ; in 1 800, 24,937 ; In 1810, 33,250 ; in 1820, 43,298. The pop- 
 ulation of Salem in 1754 was 3,402; in 1785, 6,923; and in 1 800, 9,457. Amount of taxable property in this state in 1831, 
 $206,353,094. Number of polls, 150,444. Harvard University, In Cambridge, 3 miles west of Boston, was founded in 1638. 
 NumberofAlnmiii, 5,621; Instructors, 24; Undergraduates, 236. Libraries, 39,000 vols. Funds in 1831, S504,S8.',23. Jo- 
 siah Uuincv, L.L. D. President. IViUiams College, in Williamstown in the county of Berkshire, 135 W. by N. from Boston, 
 was founded 1793. Alumni, 721; Instructors 7 ; Undergraduates, 115 ; Libraries, 4,550 vols. E. D. Grittin, D. D. President. 
 JlvUierst College, in the town of Amherst, in the county of Hampshire, 82 miles W. of Boston, was founded 1821. Alumni, 
 208; Instructors, 10 ; Under-graduates, 188 ; Libraries, 0,900 vols. Ilemau Humphrey, D. D. President. Besides the Medi- 
 cal Institutions in Boston and Berkshire, the Tlieological Seminaries at Andover and Newton ; the Round Hill School at 
 Northampton ; the Gymnasium at Pittsfield, and Mount Pleasant Classical Institution at Amherst, Massachusetts has no less 
 than 50 incorporated academies, in high standing, the oldest and best endowed of which is Phillips Academy at Andover, at 
 which have been educated more than 2000 sc holars since its incorporation in 1780 In this commonwealth, the Congregation- 
 adsis have 491 churches and 423 ordained ministers, 118 of whom are Unitarians; Baptists, 129 churches, 110 ministers; 
 Methodists, 71 preachers and 8,200 members; Episcopalians,'i\ ministers; Universalists, 46 societies; Presbyterians, 9 
 ministers; Jfew Jerusalem C/iurcA, 8 societies ; Roman Catholics, 4 churches; and the Shakers, 4 societies. 
 
 CONNECTICDTT.- F.'VIRFIELD Co. 42,739—46,950. Fairfield, 4,246. 55 S.W. by S. from Hartford, 280 from W. 
 Bridgeport, 2,803. Brookfield, 1,201. /Jniiiiiry, 4,325. Darien, 1,201. Greenwich, 3,805. Huntington, 1.369. Monroe, 1,522. 
 New Canaan, 1,826. New Fairfield, 938. New, own, 3,099. Norwalk, 3,793. Reading, 1,709. Ridgefield, 9,322. Sherman, 
 947 Slainl'oril, 3,795; Stratford, 1,807. Trumbull, 1,238. Weston, 2,997. Wilton, 2,095 
 
 H.\lll'l''i>l;li f,., 47,264—51.141. Hartford, 9,789. 335. Avon, 1,095. Berlin, 3,038. Bristol, 1, 707. Burlington, 1,301. 
 Canton 1 i:i;. I .H.-t Windsor, "3,537. East Hartford, 2,237. Enfield, 2,129. Farmington, 1,901. Glastcnbury, 2,980. Granhy, 
 2730 lliiril.iihl, 1,231. Manchester, 1,576. .Malborough, 704. Siinsbury, 2,221. Southington, 1,844. Suftield, 2,690. 
 Wethir^rii Id .l,.-t>-'. Windsor, 3,220. LITCHFIELD Co. 41,267—42,853. y,!(c/;/drf, 4,456. 31 W. 324. Barkhamstead, 
 1,715. IlellihiM, 906. Canaan, 2,301. Colebrook, 1,332. Cornwall, 1,712. Goshen, 1,733. Harwinton, 1,516. Kent,2,001. 
 New Hartford, 1,766. New Milford, 3,979. Norfolk, 1,485. Plymouth, 2,064. Roxbury, 1,122. Salisbury, 2,580. Sharon, 
 2 613 Torrin-ton, 1,054. Warren, 985. Washington, 1,021. Watertown, 1,500. Winchester, 1,706. Woodbury, 2,045. 
 
 'MlDDLESbfx Co. 22,405 — 24,845. Jl/i'iii/tooi/'n, 6,892. 14 S. 325. Chatham, 3,646. Durham, 1,116. East Haddam, 2,664. 
 Haddam, 3,024; Killingworth, 2,484. Savbrook, 5,018. NEW HAVEN Co. 39,616-43,848. New Haven, 10,678. 34 S. 
 SW. 301. Branford, 2,333. Cheshire, 1,764. Derby, 9,2.33. East Haven, 1,929. Guilford, 2,344. Hamden, 1,669. Madison, 
 1 809. Merideu, 1,708. Middlcbury, 816. Milford, 2,256. North Haven, 1,289. Orange, 1,341. Oxford, 1,762. Prospect, 
 651 Southbiiry, 1,557. Wallingford, 2,419. Waterbury, 3,070. Woodbridge, 9,049. Wolcott, 844. 
 
 NEW I.O.N DON Co. 35,943— 42,295. A'cto /.o?irfoii, 4,350. 49 S. E. 354. Bozrah, 1,078. Colchester, 2,083. Franklin, 
 1 "00 Oriewold, 2,212. Grolon,4,750. Lebanon, 2,552. Lisbon, 1,166. Lyme, 4,098. Montville, 1,967. North Stonington, 
 2'840. JVi.r,rii7., 3,109. Preston, 1,933. Salem, 974. Stonington, 3,401. Waterford, 2,475. 
 
 TOM. A.Nl) I o. 14.330— 18,700. 7o»a«(i, 1,698. 17 E.N. E. 359. Bolton, 744. Columbia, 962. Coventry, 2,119. Elling- 
 
 ron 1 133. Ill' n, 1,930. Mansfield, 2,601. Soniers, 1,439. Stafliird, 2,514. Union, 711. Vernon, 1,164. Wellington, 
 
 1:103 Wl.XDllA.M Co, ■-•3.3:11—27,077. £roo47m, 1,451. 41 E. 372. Ashford, 2,668. Canterbury, 1,881. Chaplin, 807. 
 
 Ilaiiiplnn, 1,101. Kiriiisly, 3,2lil Plainfield, 2,289. Pomfret, 1,984. Sterling, 1,240. Thompson, 3,388. Voluntown, 1,304. 
 
 ^Tilt''pwm'ialion of tills stale 'in'l7oi, was 30,000— in 1756, 130,6)1- in 1774, 197,866— and in 1789, 209,150. 
 
 In IF ;0 there were in Connecticut 19,021 white males and 18.246 do. females, under 5 years of age ; 17,773 wll. males and 
 16,374 dn' females, of 10 and under 15 ; 26,181 wh. males, and 26,548 do. females, of 20 and under 30; 16,418 wh, males ami 
 of :» and under 40; 5,463 wh. males and 6,703 dn. females of 60 and under 70 ; 78 wh. males and 153 do. 
 nrliT Iliii- I M li. niales, and 3 do. females, of 100 and upwards. 
 
 a I' I I lai V..' 59 ministers— the Bo^jd'sls 99 churches, 90 ministers, and 9,732 communicants— the 
 
 ..1; I ,,,1 :!!'. licentiaies— the Jl/i(/ioi/is(s 40 ministers and 7,000 communicants. There are sev- 
 
 -1 Roman Catholic society— 1 society of SAnicrs- and some Sandemamans, 
 
 18,0:!4 do 
 
 Yale Cullf'i' at .Niw ii.n tii, u a» Miinded 1700. Alumni, 4,428— Instructors, 15— Undergraduates, 340— Vols, in Libraries, 
 17,.-i0li Jei 'iilliill Day, I). U. President. ,_,- , j . „ .r j 
 
 The Pnreiil lii~iiuiliiin for the iiislruclion of the Deaf and Dnnib, in this country, was established at Hartford some years 
 since under tlie palronage of this state. Massachusetts, New Ham|>shire, Vermont and Maine, all give their aid to this noble 
 charity In 1HJ9, there Had been 303 pupils received into the Asylum, of which 160 had left the school. The expenses of the 
 lustitiilion for 1639, were $22,979— receipts, $23,042 The charge to each pupil for tuition, and other reqtrisiles, is $150 per aim. 
 
15 
 
 RHODE-lSIiAlTD.— PROVIDENCE Co. 35,786 — 47,014. Provtdence, 16,852. 394 from W. Burrillville, 2,196 
 Cranston 2 651. Cumberland, 3,675. Foster, 2,672. Gloucester, 2,524. Johnston, 2,114. N.Providence, 3,.503. Sciluate, 
 6 853 Srailhfield, 3,994. NEWPORT Co. 15,771—16,535. Kcmport, 8,010. 27 S. by E. 403. Jamestown, 415. Little 
 C'ompton, 1,378. Middlelown, 915. New "'■ — ■-- ' '"^ ■>— k i ■:.•.•> ti„„.„„ o on.- 
 
 WASHINGTON Co. 15,687—1.5,414. .,„...,....„„,..,,., -, ... 
 
 HoDkinclon, 1,777. N. Kingston, 3,036. Richmond, 1,362. Westerly, 1,903. 
 
 KENT Co 10,228—12,788. £asi OrMiiioicA, 1,591. 15 S. 406. Coventry, 3,851. W. Greenwich, 1,817. Warwick, 5,529. 
 
 BRISTOL. Co. 5,637— 5,406. £ns(oA 3,054. 15 S. E. 409. Barrington, 012. Warren, 1,800. 
 
 The population ofthis Slate in 1701, was 10,000 ; in 1748,34,128: in 1755, 46,036; in 1774, 59,678; and in 1783, 51,809. 
 
 In 1830, there were in this state, 6,731 white males and 6,626 do. females, under 5 years of age ; 8,425 white males and 9,207 
 do. females, of 20 and under 30 ; 29 white males and 44 do. females, of 80 and under 90. 55 white and 4 colored persons, 
 deaf and dumb; 61 while and 8 colored persons who were blind, and 1,110 aliens. 
 
 The Baptists in this stale have 16 churches, 12 ministers, and 2,750 communicants ; the Methodists^ 10 preacher.^ and 1,200 
 members ; the Congrcgatianalists have 10 churches, 10 ministers, and 1,000 communicants ; the Unitarians, 2 societies and 
 3 ministers; the SaAiuianans, about 1,000 communicants ; Ibe Six- Principle Baptists, 8 churches and about 800 communi- 
 cants; the iiV(CH(/a- are nume'rous. There are some Universati$ts;aiid 1 Roman Catholic church. Brown University s.1 
 Providence, was founded 1764. Alumni, 1,182; instructors, 6 ; under-graduates, 95. Volumes in Libraries, about 12,000., 
 Francis Wayland, D. D. President. 
 
 NE'W-ITO'RK.— ALBANY Co. 38,116— 53,520. Albany city, 24,209. 376 from W. Born, 3,607. Bethlehem, 6,082. 
 Rensselaerville, 3,685. Watervliet, 4,962. ALLEGII.\NY Co. 9,320—26,276. Jlngelica, 998. 2.56 W. bv S. from Albany. 
 327. Almond, 1,804. Friendship, 1,502. Pikr ;.ni,; r,,riage, 1,839. BROOME Co. 14,343— 17,579. Bingliampton \\\\. 
 145 W.S.W. 291. Chenango, 3,730. Col.-vi, : " I kIi, 4,378. Windsor, 2,180. ' 
 
 OATTAR.VUGUS Co. 4,090— 16,724. /' i - .292 W. by S. 328. Connewango, 1,712. Freedom, 1,505. Otto, 
 
 1,224. Perrysburgh, 2,440. CAYUGA Ci. - ':-l,:US. .«i(6urn, 4.486. 156 W. by N. 339. Aurelius, 2,767. Genoa, 
 2,768. Locke, 3,310. Mentz, 4,143. Semphn.inus, .,,,(/.) CHAUTAUQUE Co. 12,568—34,671. Mayville vill. 336 W. 
 by S. 349. Pomfret, 3,386. Weslfield, 2,477. CHENANGO Co. 31,215— 37,238. JVoruiic/i, 3,619. 110 W. by S. 332. Bain- 
 brid'o, 3,038. Greene, 2,96J. New Berlin, 2,680. O.vford, 2,943. CLINTON Co. 12,070— 19,344. PditisJarn-, 4,913. 162 
 N. 539. Beckmantown, 2,391. Champlain, 2,456. Chazy, 3,097. Peru, 4,949. 
 
 COLUMBIA Co. 38,330—39,907. Hudson City, 5,392. 29 S. .345. Chatham, 3,538. Claverack, 3,000. Ghent, 2,783. 
 Kinderhook, 2,706. COIITLAND Co. 16.507—23,791. Cortlandville, 3,6n. 142 W. 311. Homer, 3,307. Solon, 2,033. 
 Truxton, 3,885. Virgil, 3,912. DELAWARE Co. 26,587—33,024. Delhi, 2,114. 77 S. W. by W. 341. Franklin, 2,786. 
 Kortright, 2,870. .Middlelown, 2,383. Roxbury, 3,234. DUTCHESS Co. 46,614-50,926. Pouglikeepsie, 7,222. 75 S. 301. 
 Fishkill, 8,292. Red Hook, 2,983. Rhinebeck, 2,938. Washington, 3,036. ERIE Co. 13,668— 35.719. Buffalo, 8,668. 284 
 W. 376. Amherst, 2,485. Aurora, 2,423. Clarence, 3,,360. Hamburgh, 3,351. 
 
 ESSEX Co. 12,811—19,287. Elizaliethtomn, 1,015. 126 N. 503. Crownpoinl, 2,041. Chesterfield, 1,671. Moriah, 1,742. 
 Ticondernga, 1,996. FRANKLIN Co. 4,439—11,312. Malone, 2,207. 212 N. by W. 523. Bangor, 1,076. Chateaugay, 
 2,016. Fort Covington, 2,901. Moira, 791. GENESEE Co. 39,835—52,147. Batavia, 4,064. 244 W. 370. Covington, 
 2,716. LeRoy,3,902. Pembroke, 3,828. Warsaw, 2,474. GREENE Co. 22,996— 29,525. Ca(stii;, 4,861. 34 S. 337.» Cairo, 
 2,91i. Co.xsackie, 3,373. Durham, 3,039. Windham, 3,471. HERKIMER Co. 31,017— 35,869. iferiimcr, 2,486. 80 W. 
 N.W. 392. Frankfort, 2,620. Little Falls, 2,539. Russia, 2,458. Warren, 2,084. 
 
 JEFFERSON Co. 32,952 — 48,515. If'atertoum, 4,768. 160 N. W. 412. Ellisburgh, 5,292. Hounsfleld, 3,415. Le Ray, 
 3,430. Orleans, 3,101. KINCS Co. 11,187— 20,.535. WafJiisA, 1,143. 156 S. 230. Brooklyn, 15,394. Bushwick, 1,620. 
 
 LEWIS Co. 9,227— 14,958. Martinsliiirffli, '2,38-2. 129 N. W. 433. Denmark, 2,270. Lowville, 2,334. 
 
 LIVINGSTON Co. 19,196— 27,719. ftoiesfo, 2,675. 226 W. 345. Livonia, 2,665. Sparta, 3,777. 
 
 MADISON Co. 32,203— :t9,037. Cazcnovia, 4,344. 113 W. by N. 349. Eaton, 3,5,58. Hamilton, 3,220. Lenox, 5,039. 
 MorrisTillc vill. 101 W. by N. 353. MONROE Co. 26,529—49,862. Rochester vill. 9,269. 219 W. by N. 361. Clarkson, 
 3,251. Mendon, 3,057. Penfleld, 4,477. MONTGOMERY Co. 37,569—44,918. Johnstown, 7,700. 45 N. W. by W. 415. 
 Amsterdam, 3,354. Canajoharie, 4,348. Florida, 2,838. NEW YORK City and Co. 123,706—202,589. 151 S. 225. 
 
 NIAGARA Co. 7,322—18,485. Lockport, 3,823. 277 W. by N. 403. Lewiston, 1,528. 
 
 ONEIDA Co. 50,997— 71,326. Mica City, 8,323. 96 W. N. W. 383. Jiumc, 4,360. irhitcstomn, i,iW. Deerfield, 4,182, 
 Verona, 3,739. ONONDAGA Co. 41,467— 58,974. Syracuse vil. 133 W. by N. 342. Manlins, 7,375. Onondaga, 5,668. 
 Pompey, 4,812. Salina, 6,929. ONTARIO Co. 35,312—40,167. Canandaigua, 5,162. 195 W. 336. Phelps, 4,798. Seneca, 
 6,161. ORANGE Co. 41,213—45,366. JVcwhurgh, 6,424. 96 S. by W. 282. Goshr.n, 3,361. Montgomery, 3,885. War- 
 Wick, 5,009. ORLEANS Co. 7,625— 18,773. .^Siftwn, vil. 257 W. bv N. 389. Barre, 4,801. Gaines, 2,121. Murry, 3,138. 
 Shelby, 2,043. OSWEGO Co. 12,374— 27,104. Osa)cs-o,2,703. 167 W.N.W. 379. Mexico, 2,671. BicWani, 2,733. Scriba, 
 9,073. Volnev, 3,629. OTSEGO Co. 44,856— 51,372. Cooperstoioji, vil. 1,115. 66 W. 372. Cherry Valley, 4,098. Middle- 
 field, 3,323. Otsego, 4,363. PUTNAM Co. 11,268-12,628. Corwci. 2,371. 106 S. 306. Kent, 1,931. PhiUipstown, 4,761. 
 
 aUEENS Co. 21,519— 22,460. K. Hempstead, 3,mi. YHS.'i2iS. Flushing, 2,820. Hempstead, 6,215. Oysterhay, 5,348. 
 
 RENSSELAER Co. 40,153— 49,424. Troy Citv, 11,556. 6 N. N. E. 383. Greenbush, 3,216. Lansingburgh, 2,663. 
 
 RICHMOND Co. 6,135—7,082. Richmond, vil. 167 S. 221. Castleton, 2,216. ROCKLAND Co. 8,837—9,388. darks- 
 toion, 2,298. 122 S. 251. Haverstraw, 2,306. SARATOGA Co. 36,052— .38,679. BoHsfon, 2,113. 29 N. N. W. 406. Green- 
 field, 3,144. Saratoga, 2,461. Saratoga Springs, 2,204. SCHENECTADY Co. 13,081-12,347. Schenectady CHy, i'i268. 
 15N. W. 391. Duanesburgh, 2,a37. SCOHARIE Co. 23,154— 27,902. SeAoiorie, 5,157. 32 W. 381. Broome, 3,133. Sha- 
 ron, 4,247. SENECA Co. 17,773—21,041. Ovid, 2,756. 171 W. 317. Fayette, 3,216. Romulus, 2,089. Waterloo, 1,847. 
 
 ST. LAWRENCE Co. 16,037—36,354. Potsrfam, 3,661. 216 N. W. by N. 484. Madrid, 3,459. STUBEN Co. 21.989— 
 33,851. Bath, 3,387. 216 W. by S. 299. Howard, 2,464. SUFFOLK Co. 24,272—26,780. Suffolk C. H. 225 S. S. E 299 
 Brookhaven, 6,095. Huntington, 5,582. SULLIVAN Co. 8,900— 12,364. Jl/onticci/a, vil. 113 S.S.W. 278. Liberty 1 277 
 
 TIOGA Co. 14,716— 27,690. Eimira, 2,892. 198 W. by S. 273. Oswfffo, 3,076. TOMPKINS Co. 26,178— 36,545. Ithaca 
 163 W. by S. 290. Dryden, 5,205. Hector, 5,212. ULSTER Co. 30,934— 36,550. jriii,j-.!(on,4,170. 58 S. by W. 313 New 
 Paltz, 5,098. WARREN Co. 9,453— 11,796. CaJiiircH, 797. 62 N. 439. WASHINGTON Co. 38,831— 42,635. Saltm 2 972 
 
 YATES Co. 11,025— 19,009. Penjt Kan, vil. 185 W. 3 14. Benton, 3,957. Middlesex, 3,428. Milo, 3,610. 
 
 Pleasant, 4,922. 
 
 There are in this stale 6 cities, 764 towns, and 365 villages. The population of the city of JVeto- York in 1696 was 4 SO" • 
 in 1731, 8,628 ; 1756, 10,381; 1773,21,876; 1786,23,614; 1790,33,131; 1800,60,489; 1810,96,373; 1820,123,706- and in'l805' 
 167,086. The population of AUany in 1810 was 9,356; of Troy, 3,885; of Utica, 1,700; Buffalo, 1,508; Brooklyn 4 402- 
 and of Rocliester, in 1820, 1,502. Tliere were iti this state, in 1830, 34,821 more white males than females : In the six Nevv 
 England states, at the same period, there were 23,622 more white females than males. There were in this stale 52 persons 
 of 100 years and upwards; 885deaf and dumb ; 724 blind; and 52,488 aliens. 
 
 The Presbyterians and Congrcgationalists have 460 ministers ; the Episcopalians, 143 ; Baptists, 310 ; Reformed Dutch 98 ■ 
 Methodists, 'i^l; Lutherans, Vi; and tiiere are 89 ministers of other denominations, — total, 1,470. There are 120 churches 
 and meeting-houses in the cily of New- York. There are in the state 1,896 Attorneys and Counsellors, and 2,580 Physicians 
 and Surgeons. The number iif newspapers published in this state, is 256, of which 18 are daily papers ; requiring 16 million 
 sheets annually. The number of newspapers published ii) the United Stales in 1775, was 37 : the number published in Great 
 Britain in 18-29, was 3-25. 
 
 This slate owns the j:rie, C/mm/j/am, OsMJCD-o, Cayuga and Seneca and other canals, uln.^r ,i"-ir".iip len^^lh is 530mi|ps 
 
 The 4 first are in operation, and cost $10,946,444. The canal debl, after deducting the ( :in,il luiul, intedrSepl. 30 183l' 
 
 to $5,815,595. The net income from tolls, after deducting interest on loans, extensive iiiiim..\ i dinn- r.'nairs and all'nth^r 
 expenses, was, in 1830, $115,448. In 1831, the net income was $766,731. In isin, l',-:i(),anal boats arrived at 
 and departed from Albany, bringing lo that place, 104,300 tons of bread stufls, ashes, glass, lime, provisions and whiskey' 
 besides large quantities of timber, lumber, wood, &c.; and taking from thence 39,972 ions of merchandise In 1831 14 963 
 canal boats arrived and departed as above : The increase of toll, that year, was $166,990. The Erie canal was commenced 
 July 4, 1817 ; navigated, in part, July 1, 1820, and completed October, 1825. There are 15 canal companies in this slate The 
 Hudson and Delaware canal, from the Hudson river, 90 miles above New-York, leading to the coal region in Penn. is 108 
 miles long, with 16 miles of rail-road : 52,000 tons of coal were mined, and brought to tide water on this canal in 1831 There 
 are 30 incorporated rail-road companies in this state, whose aggregate capital is $-26,325,000. The valuation' of this state in 
 1831 was .$364,715,830; of which $97,221,870 wasof property in the city of New-York. Bank capital, $24,033 460 ■ Insurance 
 stock, about 15,000,000. School fund, aboul $2,000,000. There are 4 colleges in this state, whose aggregate 'number of 
 ^'n ^i? ',^ ."'""" -'5"'* ■ Under-graduates, 500. There are 53 incorporated academies, and 9,383 school districts ; in the latter 
 509j731 children receive annually 8 months' instruction, making about 1 person at school for 3 1-2 of the whole population' 
 In England, about 1 for lo ot ihe whole population is kept at school ; in France, 1 for 17 ; and in Russia 1 for 367 The num- 
 ber ol arrivals at the port of New-York in 1831 was 1,634 ; passengers, 31,739 ; net revenue on foreign imports' between 17 
 and 18 million dollars. ' 
 
 Among the numerous literary, religious, and charitable institutions for which the state and city of New-York are distin- 
 guished, Ihe Jlmerican Bible Society takes a high stand. This society was formed in 1816, is located in Ihc city of N York 
 and has a Board ol 36 Managers, all laymen, from several religious denominations. It has 17 steam-power printin" presses' 
 and large and commodious building.s. This society has 838 auxiliaries scattered tliroughout ihe Union The number of 
 fJoi^'^sf^ln-^'^'?,"''"'.'* ,'^^'J,"' '''■°'" ''= formation to May, 1832, was 1,442,500; issues in 1831, 115,802; receipts in 
 1831, $107,0^9. Hon. John C. Smith, President. 
 
 The salt springs at Onondaga lake are the property of the state: 45 gallons of the water produce a bushel of salt ■ 350 galls 
 of sea water is required to produce the same quantity. The manufacturers pay a duty to the state of 12 1-2 cents per bushel 
 The quantity made in 1831, was 1,514,037 bushels; of which 189,000 were coarse salt of the purest quality. 
 
 The mineral springs at Ballston and Saratoga are numerous, but generally contain the same substances, only in a trrealer 
 or less quantity. The most celebrated of these springs is the Congress, at Saratoga, which has given, in analysis, 471 5 eraint 
 muriate of soda; 1.8,4 3 4 carbonate of lime; 16,5 car. of soda ; 3, 3 1-2 car. of magnesia, and 6,13-4 car. of iron' to one 
 gauon or water: carbonic acid gas, 343 cubic inches. Temperature through Ihe year, 50" of Farenheit. ' 
 
16 
 
 NBXir-JBllSE'V".— BERGEN Co. ]8,17g-!K,4)4. Hac/keiuact, 2,200. 63 N.E.(roin Trenlon.aiO ftom Washington. 
 BURLINGTON Co 28,8-22— 31,066. Moual Holly, 21 S.Vf. \56. CAPE MAY Co. 4,264— 5,936. Capt Jttay C. H. \02 
 a. 101. CUMBERLAND Co. 12,668—14,091. Bridgetown, 69 S. S. W. 175. ESSEX Co. 30,793— 41,9i8. jVcwark, 
 10,953. 49 N. E. 215, GLOUCESTER Co. 23,039—28,431. Wvodhury, 39 S.W by S. 145. HUNTERDON Co. 28,604 
 —31,066. Trenton, 3,925. 166. MIDDLESEX Co. 21,470— 23,157. JVVio «ru7isi»ic*, 7,831. 25 N. N. E. 193. 
 
 MONMOUTH Co. 25,038—29,233 Freehold, 5,481. 3fi E. by N. 201. MORRIS Co. 21,368—23,580. Morristown, 3,536. 
 55 N. N. E. 221. SALEM Co. 14,022—14,155. Salem, 1,570. 65 S. W. 171. SOMERSET Co. 16,506—17,089. Somer- 
 vilie, 33 N. by E. 199. SUSSEX Co. pop. 1830, 20,349. J^eviton, 3,298. 70 N. 228. WARREN Co. pop. 1830, 18,634. 
 Beliiidere, 54 N. by W. 210. 
 
 The population of this slate in 1701, was 15,000 ; and in 1749, 60,000. There were in New Jersey, in 1830. 25,073 whito 
 males, and 23,951 wh. females, under 5 years of age ; 17,132 wh. males, and 16,792 wh. females, of 15 and under 20 ; 26,S94 
 wh. male, and 25, 839 wh. females, of 20 and under 30; 44 wh. males, and 63 wh. females, of 90 and under 100; Iwh. male, 
 and 2 do. females, of 100 years and upwards. 206 white, and 18 colored persons deaf and dumb ; 176 while, and 22 colored 
 persons blind ; 3,377 aliens; 9,498 free colored males, and 8,809 do. females; and 1,054 male, and 1,192 female slaves. 
 
 This stale is a great thoroughfare for travellers, and for the transportation of merchandise between the north and south. A 
 rail-road from Jlmboy, 23 miles south of New- York, to Camden on the Delaware, opposite Philadelphia, via Bordentown, 61 
 miles ; and the Delaware and Raritan canal, for sea-vessel navigation, from New Brunswick to Lamberton, below, and via 
 Trenton, on the Delaware. 38 miles, — are in great jiropress and will soon be completed. The Morris canal from Newark, on 
 the Passaic, to Easton, Penn. on the Delaware, 90 1-2 miles, is in successful operation. The Patterson and. Hudson River 
 Rail-Road, from Patterson to Jersey City, 14 miles, is in progress. 
 
 PENNS YIiVANI A.— ADAMS Co. 19,370—21,379. Oettysburgk, 1,473. 34 S.W. by S. from Harrisbnrg. 76 from 
 W. ALLEGHANYCo. 34,921— 50,506. Pittsiar^A city, 12,542. 201 W. 223. ARMSTRONG Co. 10,324— 17,625. Kataning, 
 1,620. 183 W. by N. 215. BEAVER Co. 15,340—24,206. Beaver, 914. 229 W. by N. 251. 
 
 BEDFORD Co. 20.24.9_24,.536. Bedford. 870. 105 W. by S. 126. BERKg Co. 46,275— 53,357. iieaiin^-, 5,859. 52 E. 
 bv N. 143. BRA DI'OKD Co. 11,554— 19,069. Towanda, IW N. by E. 239. BUCKS Co. 37,842 — 45,740. Doylestomn, 
 107 E. 160. BUTl.Ell Co 10,193—14,683. BiUler, 380. 204 W. by N.236 
 
 CAMBRIA Co. 3,287—7,079. F.brnsburgk, 270. 131 W. by N. 178. CE.NTRE Co. 13,796—18,765. Belle/onle, 699. 85 
 N. W. 192. CHESTER Co. 44,451—50,908. irest Chester, 1,258. 75 E. S. E. 115. 
 
 CLEARFIELD Co. 2,342—4,803. Clcarfeld, 129 N. W. by W. 201. COLUMBIA Co. 17,621—20,049. Danville, 65 
 N. by E. 175. CRAWFORD Co. 9,397—16,005. JUcadmlle, 1,070. 236 W. N. W. 297. 
 
 CUMBERLAND Co. 23,0011—29,218. CaWis/c •2,523. 18 W. by S. 104. DAUPHIN Co. 21,653—25,303. Harrisburo, 
 4,311.110. DELAWARE Co. 14,810—17,361. CAesicr, 848. 95 E. S. E. 121. ERIE Co. 8,553— 16,906. £rie, 1,329. 
 272 N. W. by W. 333. FAYETTE Co. 27,285—29,237. Vniontomn, 1,341. 184 W. by S. 193. 
 
 FRANKLIN Co. 31,852-35,103. CftomJfrsAurM, 2,794. 48 S. W. by W. 90. GREENE Co. 15,554— 18,028. Waynes- 
 bvrgh, 222 W. by S. 229. HUNTINGDON Co. 20,142—27,150. Huntingdon, 90 W. bv N. 148. 
 
 INDIANA Co. 8,882— 14,251. tndiana, 433. 157 W. by N. 189. JEFFERSON Co. '561-2,225. Brookville, 165 N. W; 
 by W. 238. LANCASTER Co. 68,336—70,558. Lancaster, 35 S. E. by E. 109. 
 
 LEBANON Co. 16,988—20,546. Lebanon, 7,704. 24 E. N. E. 134. LEHIGH Co. 18,895—22,266. Mlentown, 85 E. N. 
 E. 178. LUZERNE Co, 20,027—27,304. IVilksbarre, 2,233. 114 N. E. by N. 222. 
 
 LYCOMING Co. 13,517—17,637. Williamsport 87 N. by W. 196. McKEAN Co. 728—1,439. Smilhport, 200 N. W 
 by N. 273. MERCER Co. 11,681— 19,731. JWcrcer, 656. 235 W. N. W. 267. MIFFLIN Co. 16,618— 21,529. Lewistown, 
 1,479. 55 N. W. by W. 162. MONTGOMERY Co. 35,793—39,404. Jforristown, 1,826. 88 E. by S. 143. 
 
 NORTHAMPTON Co. 31,765— 39,267. Kastoji, 101 E. N. E. 190. NORTHUMBERLAND Co. 15,424— 18,168. Sun- 
 Jury, 1,057. .52 N. 162. PERRY Co. 11,342-14,257. J^ew Bloomfield, 3,529. 36 W. by N. 122. 
 
 PHILADELPHIA Citv and County, 137,097— 188.961. Philadelphia, 98 E.S. E. 13li. PIKE Co. 2,894—4,843. Mil- 
 ford, 157 N. E. by E. 249. POTTER Co. 186—1,265. Cowdtrsport, 174 N. W. by N. 283. 
 
 SCHUYLKILL Co. 11,339— 20,783. Orwigsburgh. 173. 59N.E. 167. SOMERSET Co. 13,974— 17,441. Somerait, 
 649. 143 W. by S. 105. SUSQUEH ANN AH Co. 9,660—16,777. Montrose, 415. 103 N. N. E. 271. 
 
 TIOGA Co. 4,021—9,062. IVelMorougk, 147 N. by W. 253. UN ION Co. 18,619—20,749. AVm Berlin, 60 N. by W. 
 168. VENANGO Co. pop. 1820, 4,91.5. iTranAim, 212 W. N. W. 279. WARREN Co. pop. 1820, 1,976. Worren, 249 
 N. W. 313. WASHINGTON Co. pop. 1820, 40,038. IVashi-ngton, 212 W. 229. 
 
 WAYNE Co. 4,127— 7,663. Bethany, 327. 162 N. E. by N. 265. WESTMORELAND Co. 30,540— 38,400. Orema- 
 burgh, 810. 170 W. 192. YORK Co. 38,759—42,658. York, 4,216. 24 S. by E. 87. 
 
 The population of Philadelphia in 1731 was 12,000— in 1753, 18,000— in 1790, 42,520— in 1800, 70,287— in 1810, 96,664— and 
 in 1820, 119,.125. The population of Pittsburgh, in 1800,1,565- in 1830, between 17 and 18,000, including th* suburbs. 
 
 There were in this state in 1830, 117,120 while males, and 112,085 do. females, under 5 years of age— 74,351 wh. males, and 
 76,649 do. females of 15 and under 20—120,862 wh. males, and 115,423 do. females, of 20 and under 30—46,536 wh. males, 
 and 44,222 do. females, of 40 and under 50—28,060 wh. males, and 27,749 do. females, of 50 and under 60—1,919 wh. males, 
 and 2,032 do. females, of 80 and under 90—217 wh. males, and 236 do. females, of 90 and under 100— and 37 wh. males, and 
 20 do. females, of 100 years and upwards. There were 712 white, and 36 colored persons, deaf and dumb — 443 white, and 
 23 colored persons who were blind — and 15,365 aliens. 
 
 There are 7 Universities or Colleges in this state, the oldest of which is the University of Pennsylvania, in Philadelphia, 
 founded in 1755, and of which W. H. De Lancey, D. D. is President. 
 
 The societies of i-Vi'f/it/,* in this state are quite numerous ; the F.piscopalians have fiO miuislers ; the Presbyterians 439 
 churches, 248 clergy, and 38,873 communicants; the Baptists, 144 churches, 96 ministers, and 7,561 communicants; the 
 Methodists, 140 preachers and 46,390 members ; the Oerman Reformed Church, 282 churches, and 73 ministers. The jisso- 
 ciate Presbyterians, 39 eongregalioas, IS ministers, and 4,180 communicants; the Evangelical Lutherans, 2 synods; the 
 Vutch Reformed Church, 6 churches and 6 ministers; the United Brethren have about 15 congregations ; the Unitarians, 5 
 congregations and 3 ministers ; the Roman Catholics are numerous, and there are some Universatists, Jews, and other sects. 
 Nothing can better illustrate the wise policy of the people of this slate, than a good map of Pennsylvania. We there find 
 canals and railroads intersecting the extensive and fertile territory of this state in almost every direction ; crossing the Alle- 
 ghany mountains to the Ohio river; reaching the northern aiid western lakes, and bringing the boundless treasures of her 
 coal mines, and a vast inlaiid commerce, to the banks of the Schuylkill and Delaware. Aggregate length of the canals in thia 
 state in 1831, 728 miles. State debt, 812,512,520— state property, same year, 315,174.187. 
 
 About a mile and a half from the centre of Philadelphia, stands Fair Mount, a beautiful and lasting monument of the 
 enterprise and wisdom of the people of that city. At that place a dam is thrown across the river Schuylkill 900 feet in length. 
 Suitable buildings are erected below, on the margin of the river, in which are a number of forcing pumps, which raise the 
 water to a number of reservoirs on the top of the Mount, 102 feet above the surface of the river, and 56 feet above the highest 
 ground in the city. These reservoirs constantly contain from 8 to 12 million gallons of water, and from 60 to 70 miles of 
 pipe lead it into every section of the city. Ten million gallons can be raised daily. About two million gallons daily is the 
 usual demand in sunmier months. The cost of the present works was $432,512. Revenue in 1829, $56,693. Since the city 
 has been thus supplied with pure and wholesome water, the yellow fever has been almost a stranger within its limits. 
 
 DEIiA'WARE.— KENT Co. 20,793— 19,911. Dover, 114 from W. NEWCASTLE Co. 27,899— 29,710. JVe»- 
 Castfc, 42 N IU3. ll'Umington, 47 N. 108. SUSSEX Co. 24,057— 27,118. Geor,s-eloMii, 40 S. by E. 122. 
 
 There were in this state in 1830, 4,747 while males, and 4,646 do. females, under 5 years of age— 3,179 white males, and 3,380 
 do. females, of 15 and under 20 — 2,036 wh. males, and 2,047 do. females of 40 and under 50 — 201 wh. males and 263 do. fe- 
 males, of 70 and under 80 — 1 white female of 100 and upwards. There were 574 male slaves, and 506 female do. under 10 
 years of age— 257 male slaves and 241 female do. of 24 and under 36 — 44 male slaves, and 49 female do. of 55 and under 100 
 —and 3 slaves of each sex of 100 and upwards. 
 
 The Delaware and Chesapeake Canal, 13 1-2 miles in length, from Delaware city, on the Delaware river, 45 miles below 
 Philadelphia, to a branch of the Chesapeake bay, about 70 miles frocn Baltimore, is a work of great national importance, 
 inasmuch as it unites the great waters of the Delaware and Chesapeake by a safe navigation for sea vessels of ten feel 
 draught of water, thus avoiding a tedious and often dangerous passage round cape Charles, of between three and four hun- 
 dred miles. For the year ending June 1, 1831, 5,280 passages uf vessels of different descriptions were made through this 
 canal, with passengers, and merchandise of various kinds. The tolls received that year amounted to $62,223. The cost ol 
 this canal exceeds two millions. The Railroad from Newcastle on the Delaware to Frenciitown, Md. 16 miles, crossing 
 Ibis state in nearly the same direction with the canal, is in operation, and greatly facilitates the progress of travellers. 
 
 IWABYLAND.— ALLEGHANY Co. 8,654—10,602. Cumberland, 165 W. N. W. from Annapolis, 132 from W 
 ANNE ARUNDEL Co. 27,165— 28,295. Annapolis, 2,623. 37 from W. BALTIMORE Co. 96,201— 120,826. Baltimore city, 
 80 625. 30 N. bv W. 38. CALVERT Co. 8,073— 8,899. Prince Fredericktown, 63 S. 56. CAROLINE Co. 10,008— 9,070 
 Denton, 44 E. by S. 81. CHARLES Co. 16,500—17,666. Port Tobacco, 69 S. W. by S. 32. CECIL Co. 16,048—15,432 
 Elkton, 80 N. E. bv N. 88. DORCHESTER Co. 17,759—18,685. Cambridge, 62 S. E. 99. FREDERICK Co. 40,459—45,793 
 Frederick, 4,427. 76 N.W. bv W. 43. HARTFORD Co. 15,924—16,315. Belair, 53 N. by E. 61. KENT Co. 11,453— 10,.502. 
 Ckestertown.il N. E. by E. 82. MONTGOMERY Co. 16,400—19,816. Rockville,i2W. by N. 15. PRINCE GEORGES Co. 
 20,216—20,473. Upper Malborough, 23 H.W . 18. QUEEN ANN Co. 14,952— 14,396. Cenlrei.iHe, 32 E. by N. 69. 
 
 ST MARY'S Co. 12,974— 13,455. Leojiardtown, 82 S. bv W.63. SOMERSET Co. 19,579— 20,155. Princess ^nn, 107 
 S E. 144. TALBOT Co. 14,389— 12,947. £asloB, 47 S. E.'by E. 84. WASHINGTON Co. 23,075— 25,265. Hagerstown, 
 3,371. 101 N.W. by W. 68. WORCESTER Co. 17,421—18,271. Unowkill, 127 S. E. 164. 
 
 The population of this state in 1660 was 12,000— in 1701, 25,000— and in 1763, 70,000 whites. The pop. of Baltimore in 
 1775, was 5,934— in 1790, 13,503— in 1800, 26,614— in 1810, 40,555— and in 1820, 62,738. 
 
 There were in this state in 1830, 23,732 white males, and 22,355 do. females, under 5 years of age— 29,390 white males, and 
 27,245 females, of 20 and under 30—24 white, and 238 colored persons, of 100 years and upwards— 132 white and 82 colored 
 persons, deaf and dumb — 156 white, and 117 colored persons, blind — and 4,833 aliens. 
 
 The Baltimore and Ohio Rail-road, from Baltimore to Ciacinuati, S50 miles in length, will soon be completed ; a consid- 
 erable part of it is now in successful operation. 
 
«.. ■'" "rni iiiiuer -lu, ij wn. maies. and JU do. lymales, ol 80 and under '10- nrni 1 wJiite ami 1 polnr • 1 mil ho J 
 
 bli';,',l'"al,v'„"B7r'"' "'"'"'"'■''""■ 12 While, and 3 colored persons, deaf .:,d dun.b ; knd H while, al 8 cotored" person,, 
 
 " tI" V'a ''r rTv.";:' J.;?;,? i''r "' ' "-T"^ "" "'■^?'^ '¥"*' -"it-,'2.3,9 sfaveT; ^nd" -Mn'^free co,o"red'-peVs?n'? 
 
 saiKire l,.,'inri,,i,i ri,. ,ov '„ri :., """'"' i--H.on, ,j lect above tide water, and covers one and a half acres and 1,820 
 
 •ri„. p,„.i,i„,,' N J,,, ' ' ""' '^''■S''^""'"-!' »"<! irlacier on the west front. 
 
 vatii su;;:;;!;,;:^:, ' i;:'?;:,;?re or ri^:: ,..„,,,. ;,;' iz^;;'!;!;^^m:"^'"«"' """ " '";'^»' '"''™''"'- " "■^■^"'"'^^ "" »'« 
 
 The eipendilnres in this city lor the accommodation of the Government of the United Statpi arp «J "IJ sw Th„ r'. •. . 
 alone has cost $2,432,844. -J'he sales of, and present value of unsold Hiih/ wharvp!. 1^ ■ w J:''-'''.™- The Capitol 
 
 ■n: "Vf "'""'•, , ^ '" """'^" of deaths in Washineton in !83I, 187 aduM^ 193 children -lol'al 380 '^ '^ ' 
 
 gresi%ud""rsot,°"bf ™,';,'r"atio',; '"" "'"" '" '""'"• """' C-^"'=— "' '"e Ohio river'^ckr pTtubSgh, Penn. is in pro- 
 
 ,n-5J winle males, aud 26 do. females, of 100 years and upwards. Tliere wefe 4T214 m-le n„H in H« f ' , ^, ""'' ""j'^' 
 bliud-aud Tsi alii.i's ""'"' "'"■ '■'- """"^ f"""'" "'^'" """ ""'"l=-374 white, and 445 colored Jersbns who w"?e 
 
 NOHTH CATaOLIN-A.— There are (;4 Counties in this state CRAVFN- Co moj u in- „ ■ 
 ^-lf,.5\';j '■■ '','"" "•■""''=''■ ^3" "■""" W. CUMBERLAND Co 14,Srr-14i^i^„^°;.";/fo^^^^ ^T'^w'^i,''™" 
 
 T ! !'' "■ -''•,™:'7-2l'.-M.- S<ilMur,j. 1,013. 118 W. 379. WAKE Co 26,I02!?2i7 f 'rSoh f VSo Tn *'■ 
 li . p, |u,lali„n 01 tins slate m 1701 was 5,(100-in 1749, 45,000-in ]7(i3, 95,000 wliite= There Vtefii^,' .i:' , , ,o,» 
 
 ^888^c„ni,„u„ica„l.,-the £„«„;,.,,.„., 1, ...inislers^the UuUeU ^«</,r«„"l,72f tirenitrs-a'd'th;' ^^S^f l.Tbero'f 
 ril l^^^,,-,?,„u .^^^^^^^^ SUiMPTER Dist. 25,369-28,27 
 
 ^.^,,iMM=Mm^m^^^M-^ 
 
 females, of 20 a„,l uude tiO-33 w iL t^nd "07 colored nerfsoV inn , Y"'' "' "F-f-^o'"*" "■'""' ■"»"-^. ^"'1 «,ai5 do! 
 
 <i>^-->|-.i "b-Oa white, and 129 CO "red persMsbid-and^^ 
 
 and 54,743 female do.of24 and under 55-^^046 flee colored' u,ats°aurti "g" do Sles iVol' a'n" " 'J'"' ".«' ""^I'^lave, 
 ! he Ji;. itod sts n Us slate llave 54 iirearhera „i,.l ■> =;nn 11 u i,-J- ao. lemale.s, of 24 and under 55. 
 
 CO ui.icants-lhe Pri/jLr,"». , 77 cKieY 46 o daifed m 'ZterH'n'H n'^^"';'""' '^^.'^''''^ches, 131 minislers, and 12,320 
 
 isiers-there are also some of other denomiS.us ">""ster», and 6,6, 1 communicauts-the RpiscopMans, 34 liiin- 
 
 ton, is in progress: part of it is in operation " ""^^nnab river, opposite to Augusta, Geo. to the city of Charles- 
 
 ..mEORG-XA, — There are 76 Counties in this state. BALDWIN r^ ';RR=i_-'OQn x* 
 
 5,;!i^r S,i;ii;'^^S'a!:i'a?^r3S'$^?^^^,-2,^'^^y^^{S';^- -«" f m rsof a.e-58,280 wh. mal^ani 
 
 pei?o^,';^^:r:id'S=.^-"----»'^-'^"-^=--^ 
 
 7;'c;;dS:irSSj^S'r?i:^.l*1S^S?i^ilJ^»°"'"^- Mil,edgevi„e, was founded 1785. Alumni, 256; Instructor,. 
 
 W-^L^?,^D^L^-^o''''|-;r:„'?4.;*N^"b;"l^^Vo6°^y6'B?Li%o''°*^r^ ■?■ 'i;^'" ^•--'--- -" ««« '^°"> 
 
 Tusc.Loos*, 85... Mobile is the largest town in Ui's state, po';^iia"o,f3194°'"''' -"" ^' "' ''^- ''"''■ TUSCALOOSA Co 
 
 and ; i;f9d\v,nale do.'^f '^"a,',:| u'n'der Sti^t^Yreeco'T males" amu4'do''?;,^T''''^'^ t"" """ """" ^"-I'-O'S n>ale slave, 
 pers.ms o, ,00 and upwards-84 wh. and 25 col pe^sonrdeKVd™^^™ wh^^ ""''" '^^'J* ''''"'■< """ "^ ""^ 
 
 inj76Ve,S"do.or2l'^?d'uS5^Twhi'^^^^ ","" J''"^' "'"■ 'f'"'""'' "f 2" ="<! under 60- 10 425 male slave, ..^ 
 
 ''''T'h°e%,t;^^;i,?/-'>'r''^^?°'-' n" "" ""' """■"'"" ^ '' ""'"^ a;VllTo'rore'd;ro"„1 
 
 =;e'^^et^:tdSSi^"-:«-™---^^ 
 
 from°N^O.^l'2'^ft'„-^'w^''jjA'^?^"HpT^i^i'l;^ '""i ^l.V^'Jf'^^- ASCENSfON P. 3,728-5,400. Dovald.:ovi^m, 75 W 
 41,351-50,103. N.wO„..,.™s ?,203f™ W P- 7,486-7,626. J^Matockcs, 354 N. W. liy W. 1,328 ORLEAN^T 
 and in iSo,' 4Ml'o.°'' "" *'"""" '°'°"5' "•" Louisiana in 1763 was 11,496 ; of New Orleans in 1810, 17,242 ; in 1820, 27,176, 
 
 '^F£i'"f''"!*^^'^"''"^'^ -h'i'e rer'm't'n^T ^e" sla'ves" o" mtl "' "1 "" ""1" ="-"•'« ■"='*. -^ '3,499 
 •'^^e";o^;,l[ry°"a?ord'^^«ClLris''sfei°';'' r7"r'""'- ^irnd'^^aliVC^oTu^.f "^^ »">"^' """^ -'"-<« 
 unce Of 4 1-2 miles, perfectly slraigh" has"":' aKr^^X tin^cts''""' *■""" """ "'"" '° '""'^ P°ncbartrain, a di,. 
 J»ISSOITBT.—This slate has 33 counties rni r r™ i 
 
 upwa.ds-9 Wh.!., and 3 coined person. ^-LSl'mrVa^hiU^U "c^ii^i.^-^pei^nn^f^tffi"^ "J.^ ^-" ^^ 
 
18 
 
 TENNESSEE.— There arc 62 counties in this state. DAVIDSON Co. 50,154—22,523. NASBVittt, 5,566, 7M 
 from W. JACKSON Co 7,593—9,902. Gainsborougli, 79 N. E. bv E. 652. KNO.X Co. 13,034—14,498. Knozville, 199 E. 
 by N. 516. LINCOLN Co. 14,761— 22,086. /■(lyfirti.iHe, 73 S. by W. 722. MAURY Co. 22,141— 28,153. Columbia, 4! 9. 
 W. bv S, 7.'!3. MO.NTGOMEaY Co. 12,219—14.365. C('art..i.i7(e, 46 N. W. by VV. 746. RUTHERFORD Co. 19,552- 
 26,133. MurfrnsiaroiigA, 33 S. E. 686. WASHINGTON Co. 9,557-10,995. Jonesliorougli, 298 E. by N. 429. 
 WILLIAMSON Cn. 20,640—20,608. fVavklin, 18 W. by N. 732. 
 
 There were in this slate in 1830, 44,711 wlule males, and 42,858 do. females, of 20 and under 30—11,264 male, and 12,221 
 female slaves, of »24 and under 36—56 whites, and 93 slaves of 100 years and upwards— 180 white, and 26 colored persona 
 deaf and dumb- 177 white, and 41 colored persons blind— and 121 aliens. 
 
 IIiIiIWrOTS.- There are 52 counties in this state. CRAWFORD Co. 3,022—3,113. Palestine, 118 E. from V. (by the 
 mail route,) 718 from W. FAYETTE Co. VAND.^Lli, 781 from W. GREENE Co. CarnUoii, 106 W. N. W. 887. 
 JO-DAVIESS Co. Galena, 326 N. by W. 990. MADISON Co. Edmarilsville, 55 W. S. W. 836. MORGAN Co. 
 ^acisonniHe, 115N. W. by W. 837. RANDOLPH Co. Kaskaskia, SSS.S. W.am. SANGAMON Co. SpringJitld,Ti 
 N. W. 801. 
 
 There were in this state in 1830, 14,708 white males, and 12, 279 do. females, of 20 and under 30—2,856 white males, and 
 2,021 do. females, of 50 and iiiidc r 60—5 wliiie, and 7 colored persons, of 100 years and upwards— 64 while persons deaf and 
 dumb— 36 wliiie, and 3 colored persons, blind— and 447 aliens. A canal is in progress, 70 miles in length, to unite the Illinois 
 River with Lake .Michigan. 
 
 INDTANA.— This state is divided in 64 counties FLOYD Co. 2,776—6,363. JWio Jllbany, 121 S. by E. from t. 
 594 from W. JEFFERSON Co. 8,038— 11,465. Jl/arfison, 85 S. S. E. 576. KNOX Cn. 5,437—6,557. Vincennes, K6 
 S. W. 693. MARIONCe. Indianapolis, 573. SWITZERLAND Co. 3,934—7,111. recajr, 105 S. E. by S. 556. WASH- 
 INGTON Co. 9,039-13,07.'. Salem, 91 S. 613. 
 
 There were in this slate in 1830, 27,677 wliite males, ninl 26,170 do. females of 20 and under 30—3,189 white males, 
 and 2,175 do. females, of 60 and under 70—12 while, and 7 colored persons of 100 years aJid upwards— 104 while, and 1 
 colored persons deaf and dumb — 72 while, and 2 colored persons, blind — and 280 aliens. 
 
 KTWrTXJCWV.-This state has 83 cotinlies. BOURBON Cn. 17,664— 18,434. Paris, 1,219, 43 E. from Frankfort, 516 
 frojn W. IMHISTI \\ V.-,. 10,459-12,094. fio/jkinsvillc. 1,263. 206 S.W.byW. 745. FAYETTE Co. 23,250—25,174. 
 jLezingl..,: ic: : - s r.bv S. 534. FRANKLIN Co 11,024— 9,251. Frankfort, 1,680,551. JEFFERSON Co. 20,768— 
 24,002./.' I J .->: W..01.0. LOti AN Co. 14,423— 13,002. /iu«sWDi«e, 1,358. 171 S. W. 71 1. MASON Co. 13,588— 
 
 16,203. .Ml , J : I iiT N. E. bv E. 478. NELSON Co. 16,273— 14,916. Baritsloain, 1,625.55 S. W. 606. SCOTT Co. 
 
 14,219- H,';: .,.1 , -iifn, !,314.' 17 E. byN. 534. SHELBY Co 21,047—19,039. SAr^juiV/c, 1,201. 21 W. 572. 
 
 There w ere in this ^lau■ in 1830, 54,228 white males, and 50,701 do. females, under 5 years of age ; 45,384 white males, and 
 41,5;9do. females, of 20 and under 30; 13,386 male slaves, and 14,177 female do.of 24 and ujider 36; 38 white, and 128 colored 
 persrins of 100 years and upwards; 283 white, and 42 colored persons deaf and dumb; 156 white, and 78 colored persons who 
 were blind — and 173 aliens. 
 
 Theie are 6 colleges in this state, whose aggre^te number of students is 496. The Baptists in this stale have 25 associa- 
 tions, 442 churches, 289 ministers, and 37,520 communicants; the Methodists, 77 preachers, and 23,935 members; the Presby- 
 terians, 103 churches, 61 ordained ministers, and 7,832 connnunicants; the Episcopalians ^ 5 ministtits; the Cumberland Prea 
 byterians are numerous; and there are about 30 Roman Catholic priests. 
 
 OHIO.— ADAMS Co. 10,406—12,278. West Union, AW, 101 S. S. W. from Columbus,460from W. ALLENCo. 
 trapaghkonrtta {a new county) 110 N. W. by W. 507. ASHTABULA Co. 7,382—14.584. Jefferson, 270, 191 N. E. 325 
 ATHENS Co. 6,338—9763. jitbens, 729—73 S. E. 344. BEL.MONT Co. 20,329—28,412. St Clairsville, 789, 124 E 
 275. BROWN Co. 13,356— 17,867. Oeor^elown, 325, 104 S. S. W. 480. BUTLER Co. 21,716— 27,044. Hamilton, 1,097 
 101 W. S. W. 488. CHAMPAIGN Co. 8,479—12,130. Urbanna, 1,102, 50 W. N. W. 447. CLARK Co. 9,533—13,074. 
 Springfield, l.O-fO. 43 W. 439. CLERMONT Co. 15,820-20,466. Batacia, 426, 109 S. W. bv S. 476. CLINTON Co. 8,085 
 —11,292. ITdmington, 607,67 S. W. 444. COLUMBIANA Co. 22,033—35,508. ^Tea Lisbon, 1,138, 152 E. N. E. 282. 
 COSHOCTON Co. 7,086—11,162. Coshocton, 333, 84 E. N. E. 336. CRAWFORD Co. (neio) pop. in 1830, 4,778. Bucyrus, 
 298, 69 N. 409. CUYAHOGA Co. 6,3J8— 10,360. CieoDe(o»rf, 1,076, 138 N. E. by N. 354. DARK Co. 3,717— 6,203. Oreen- 
 «(«», 160, 103 W. by N. 50L DELAWARE Co. 7,639— 11,523. Delaware, 532, 23 N. 4J9. FAIRFIELD Co. 16,63.3— 
 24,788. Lancaster, 1,530, 28 S. E. 372. FAYETTE Co. 6,316—8,180. If'ashington, 300, 45 S. W. by S. 422. FRANKLIN 
 Co. 10,292— 14,766. Columbus, 2,437, 396. GALLIA Co. 7,098— 9,733. GaUiyo/is, 755, 108 S. S. E. 362. GEAUGA Co. 
 7,791—15,813. CAari/on, 881, 157 N. E. 332. GREENE Co. 10,529— 15,084. JTenia, 919. .■i7 W. S. W. 453. GUERNSEY 
 Co. 9,292— 18,036. C(i)n4ri</ff«, 518, 83 E. 314. HARDIN Co. (new) Hardy, 69 W. by N. 436. HAMILTON Co. 31,764— 
 52,321. Cincinnati^ 24,831, 112 S. W. 497. HANCOCK Co. (new) pop. in 1830,813. Finilay,b'i, 114N. N. W.502. 
 HARRISON Co. 14,345— 20,920. Cadi:, 820, 124 E. by N. 278. HENRY Co. (iieio) Uamascus, 161 N.W 485. HIGHLAND 
 Co. 12,308— 16,347. WiHaiorou^A, 564, 74 S. S. W. 441. HOCKING Co. 2,130— 4,008. /_£)ff,m, 97, 47, S. E. 370. HOLMES 
 Co. (new) pop. in 1830, 9,133. Jllillersburgh, 319, 80 N. E. 341. HURON Co. 6,675— 13.'345. JVorioa/i, 310, 113 N. by E. 
 399. JACKSON Co. 3,746— 5,974. Jaci.«o?i, 329, 74 S. S. E. 387. JEFFERSON Co. 18,531— 22,489. SluicnoiHe, 2,937, 
 149 E. by N. 260. KNOX Co. 8.326— 17,124. Jl/oii«( fcriion, 1,021, 45 N. E. 375. LAWRENCE Co. 3,409— 5,366. Bur- 
 lington, 149, 135 S.by E. 405. LlCKINGCo. 11,861—20,864. JiTcwark, 999,34 E. by N. 362. LORAIN Co. (neir) pop. in 
 1830, 5,696, Elyria, 668, 130 N. N. E. 377. LOGAN Co. 3,181-6442. Belle Fontaine, 206, 62 W. N. W. 458. MADISON 
 Co. 4, 790-6,190. London, 219, 27 W. S. W. 423. MARION Co. (new) pop. in 1830, 6,558. Marion, 287, 47 N. 416. 
 MEDINA Co. 3,082—7,560. Medina, 622, 111 N. E. by N. 357. MEIGS Co. 4,480—6,159. Ouster, 164, 94 S. E. 343. 
 MERCER Co. {new) pop. in 1830, 1,110. S(. Mary's, 92, 111 W. N. W. 508. MIAMI Co. 8,851—12,806. Troy, 504, 78 W. 
 by N. 474. MONROE Co. 4.645— 8,770. )f'oo./s/iriri, 157, 140 E. by S. 294. MON'IGO.MERY Co. 15,999-24,25.'. Dayton, 
 2,965, 66W. by S. 462. MORGAN Co. 5,297—11,796. jlfc Connellsville, 267, 70 E. S. E. 340. MUSKINGUM Co. 17,824— 
 29,325. Zancsiiille. 3,094, 59 E. 336. PAULDING Co. (new.) PERRY Co. 8,429—14,018. Summerset, 576. 46 E. S. E. 354. 
 PICKAWAYCo. 13,149— 15,935. Circl-rille, 1,136,26 8.394. PIKE Co. 4,253— 6,024. fiieinn, 271, 65 S.409. PORTAGE 
 Co. 10,095—18,827. Ravenna, 800, 127 N. E. 320. PREBLE Co. 10,237—16,255. Eaton, 511, 92 W. by S. 488. PUTNAM 
 Co. (new) Sugar Rro«, 148 N. W. by N. 538. RICHLAND Co. 9,169-24,007. Mansfield, 840,71 N.N. E. 380. ROSS Co. 
 20,619-24,053. C/iiVfeolAe, 2,846, 45 S. 404. SANDUSKY Co. 852— 2,851. /,du.«- SanrfasAy, 351, 103 N.428. SCIOTO 
 Co. 5,750— 8,730. Portsmouth, 1,064,91 S. A<i\. SENECA Co. (aeio) pop. in 1830, 5,148. Tj/Sn, 248, 85 N. 431. SHELBY 
 Co. 2,100—3,671. Sydney, 240, 86 W. N. W. 482. STARK Co. 12,406—26,784. Canton, 1,257, 116 N. E. by E. 319. 
 TRUMBULL Co. 15,546—26,1.54. Ifarrtn, 510, 157 N. E. 297. TUSCARAWAS Co. 8,328—14,298. J^-ew- Philadelphia, 
 410, 107, E. N.E. 314. UNION Co. 1,996— 3,192. j)/arysBi7ie. 142, 37 N. W. 433. VAN WERT Co. (ncio) Willshire, 146, 
 N. W. 533. WARREN Co. 17,837— 21.493. Lebanon, 1,157, 83 S. W. by W. 468. WASHINGTON Co. 10,425— 11,731. 
 Marietta, 1,207, 106 E. S E. 304. WAYNE Co. 11,933—23,344. fVooster, 977, 86 N. E. 347. WILLIAMS Co. (nsio) 
 Defiance, 175 N. W. by N. 511. WOOD Co. 733—1,095. Pernisbnrgli, 182, 135 N. bv W. 460. 
 
 There were in this state in 1830, 96,364 while males, and 89,766 do. females under 5 years of age— 51,160 do. males, and 
 52.779 do. females, of 15 and under 20—81,016 do. n.ales, and 75,442 do. females, of 20 and under 30—31,051 do. males, and 
 27 ',461 do. f( males, of 40 and under 50— 3,028 do. males, and 2,909 do. females, of 70 and under 80— 21 do. males, and 8 do. 
 females, of 100 and upwards — 446 while persons deaf and dumb— 251 do. blind — and 5,524 aliens. 
 
 The Presbyterians in this state have 346 churches, 192 ordained niinisiers, and 22,150 communicants— the Methodists, 91 
 preachers, aiid 36,000 members— the Baptists, 240 ciiurches, 140 ministers, and 8,800 communicants — the -Associate Presby 
 terians, 65 congregations, 20 ministers, and 4,225 communicants — the Lutherans, 37 niinisiers, 8,700 communicants — the 
 Episcopalians, 16 ministers — the Qennan Reformed, 82 congregations, and 3,750 communicants — the JVcw Jerusalem Church, 
 4 societies — tlle Friends and Roman Catholics are numerous, and there are some Unitarians, Universalists, and Shakers. 
 
 There arc 5 colleges in this slate, whose aggregate number of students in 1831, was 284. The number of steam-boats buiK 
 on the western waters from 1811 to 1831, inclusive, was 346, of which 111 were built at Cincinnati. The Ohio State Cana\ 
 from Cleaveland,on Lake Erie, to Portsmouth, at the union of the Scioto and Ohio rivers, 346 miles below Pittsburg, 306 
 miles in length, is partly in operation ; the whole will soon be completed ; making, with the Miami Canal, from the Mauniee 
 on Lake Erie, to Cincinnati, 571 milesof canal passing through this state, connecting the Ohio river with the great lakes. 
 
 Tliepopuiaiion of Cincinnati in 1800, was 750— in 1810, 2,540— in 1820, 9,642— and in 1831, 28,014. 
 
 IhilCHIG'A.N' TERBITOEV.— (17 counties.) BROWN Co. Green Bay Settlement, 511 N. W. by W. from 
 Detroit, and 1,037 from W, CRAWFORD Co. Prairie rfu CAien, 600 W. by N. 1,060. MICHILIMACKINAC Co 
 JlfacAinac, 321 N. N. U'. 487. WAYNE Co. Detroit, population of D. in 1830, 2,222. 526. 
 
 There were in this territory in 18.30, 4,033 white males, and 2,512 do. females, of 20 and under 30—660 white males, and 
 385 do. females, of 50 and under 60 — 1 while male of 100 years and upwards — 13 whites deaf and dumb — 4 do. blind — and 
 1,453 aliens. 
 
 ARKANSAS TliRRITOBV.- (23 counlies.) ARKANSAS Co. jjrtan.<as, 114 S. E. by E. from L. R. 
 1,064 from W. INDEPENDENCE Co. Batesville, 102 N. by E. 1,044. PULASKI Co. Little Rock, 1,068. WARM 
 SPRING Co. Warm Spring, 60 W. by S. 1,128. 
 
 There were in this territory in 1830, 2,832 white males, and 2,009 do. females of 20 and under 30—396 male slaves, and 
 400 leinale do. of 24 and under 36 — 2 slaves of 100 years and upwards — 8 white, and 5 colored persons deaf and dumb — 
 8 while, and 2 colored persons blind — and 8 aliens. 
 
 FLORIDA TERRtTORV.— (15 counties.) ESCAMBIA Co. Peniiicoiii, 242 W. from T. 1,050 from W 
 LEON Co. Tallahassee, 896. St.JOHN'S Co. St. Mugustine, 292 E. S. E. 841. 
 
 There were in this territory in 1830, 2,171 white males, and 1,447 do. females, of 20 and under 30—10 while males, 
 and 10 white females of 80 and under 90 — and 1 while male of 100 years and upwards — there were 1,830 male slaves, and 
 1,501 female do. of 24 and under 36—6 white, and 30 colored persons, deaf and dumb— 3 wiiite. and 16 colored persons wtaa 
 were blind — and 221 aliens. 
 
19 
 
 PRESIDENTS OP THE UNITED STATES.— George Washington, Vir. from 1789 to 1797 
 Boni February '20, I73'3; died December 1!, 1799. John Adams, Mass. from 1797 to 1801. Born Octobei 
 I'.l, 1735 ; died July 4, 1836. Thomas .Tcinrson, Vir. from 1801 to 1809. Born April 2, 1743 ; died July 4, 
 IS-JU. James Madison, Vir. from 1809 to 1817. Born March 5, 1751. James Monroe, Vir. from 1817 to 
 \6-ib. Born April 2, 1758; died July 4, J8j1. John Uuincy Adams, Mass. from lb-35 to 18^9. Born July 
 11,1767. Andrew Jackson, Ten. from 1829. Boin March 15, 1767. Salary $25,000 per annum. 
 
 VICE PRESIDENTS OF THE UNITED STATES.— John Adams, Mass. from 1789 to 1797 
 Thomas Jclierson, Vir. from 1797 to 1801. Aaron Burr, N. Y. from 1801 to 1805. George Clinton, N. Y. 
 from 1805 to his decease, April 20, 1812. Elbridge Gerry, Mass., from 1813 to his decease, November 23. 
 1814. Daniel D. Tompkins, N. Y. from 1817 to 1825. John C. Calhoun. S. C. from 1825 tol8!3. 
 Martin Van Buren N. Y. from 1833. Salary $5,000 per annum. 
 
 SECRETARIES OP STATE OF THE UNITED STATES.— Thomas Jefferson, Vir. from 1789 
 to 1794. Edmund Randolph, Vir. from 1794 to 179.5. Timothy Pickering, Mass. from 1795 to 1800. John 
 Mar.shall, Vir. from 1800 to 1801. James Madison, Vir. from 1801 to 1809. Robert Smith, Maryland, from 
 1809 to 1811. James Monroe, Vir. from 1811 to 1817. John a. Adams, Mass. from 1817 to 1825. Henry 
 Clay, Ken., from 1825 to 1829. Martin Van Buren, N. Y. from 1829 to May, 1831. Edward Livingston, 
 Loii. from May, 1831, to July 1833. L. Mc.Lane. Del. from July 1833. Salary $6000 per annum. 
 
 JUDICIARY OP THE UNITED STATES,— CAif/" Justice, John Marshall, Richmond, Vir. ap 
 pointed 1801; salarv, *.500n. Asxocin/r Jiislires, V\'m. Johnson, Charleston, S. C. appointed 1804; salarv 
 $4500. Gabriel Duvall, Marietta, Md. 1811; S450O. Joseph Story, Cambridge, Mass. 1811; S?4500. 
 Smith Thompson, N. Y. 1823; $4500. John .M'Lean, Cincinnati, Cdiio, 1829; $4,500. Henry Baldwin, 
 Pittsburgh, Pa. 1830; $4500. Peter V. Daniel. Virginia, Attorney General; S3500. Richard Peters Jun.. 
 Reporter; flOOO. William T. Carroll, Clerk. Salary, fees of office. Annual Term at Wa.shington, se- 
 cond Monday in January. 
 
 TREASURY OP THE UNITED STATES.— Roger B. Taney, Secretary. The Secre- 
 
 tary of the Treasury superintends all the fiscal concerns of the government, and recommends to Congress 
 measures for imjiroving the revenue. All accounts of the g(i\ernment are settled at this office, to which are 
 attached two Comjitrullers, five Auditors, a Treasurer, and a Register. Joseph Anderson first, & J. B.TIiornlon 
 second Comptroller; Richard .Harrison first, William B. Lewis second, Peter Hagner third, Amos Kendall 
 fourth, and .Stephen Pleasanton lilih Auditor; John Campbell Treasurer; and Thomas L. Smith Register. 
 There were 140 clerks employed in this otHce in 1830. The salaries of the various officers and clerks, the 
 same year, aiiiounted to $I91,l'5H. 
 
 The Pul>lic debt of the U. S. for 1791, $75,169,974. Receipts for the same year, $10,210,026. Expendi- 
 ture:^, $7,207,539. For 1800, $.--1, 633,325. Receipts, $12,451,184. Expenditures, $11,989,740. For 1810, 
 $33,156,532. Receipts, $12,144,207. Expenditures, $13,319,987. For 1816, $123,016,375. Receipts, 
 $57,171,422. Expenditures, $48,244,496. For 1820, $91,015,566. Receipts, $20,881,494. Expenditures, 
 $21,763,025. For 1825, $83,788,433. Receipts, $26,840.S58. Expenditures, 23,585,805. For 1829, 
 $48,565,405. Receipts, $24,767,122. Expenditures, 25,071,01(5. Public debt lb33, $7,001,699. 
 
 The estimated Indauce in the Treasury, January 1, ls33, was $1,644,108. These receipts and expendi- 
 tures include all direct taxes, loans, treasury notes, &.C., and payments of the public debt. 
 
 The amount of imports fur the .ear ending September 30, 1830, was $70,876,920; of which $61,035,739 
 were in American, and $9,841,181 in foreign vessels. Exports, the same year, $73,849,508, of which 
 $59,46-2,029 were domestic, and $14,33";, 479, foreign articles. 967,227 tons of American shipping entered, 
 and 971,760 tons cleared from ports in the U. S. 'lotal American tonnage in 1829, 1,260,798. 
 
 In lb29, 57,284 tuns of shi,>ping were engaged in the whale fishery; and 100,796 tons in other fisheries. 
 The total amount of duties collicled on American tonnage, in 1829, was $1,732,034. The tonnage of vessels 
 built, registered and enrulled, in the U. S. in 1829, was 77,098 tons. 
 
 ARMY OP THE UNITED STATES.— Lewis Cass, Secretary of War ; Alexander Macomb, 
 iMnjor General ; E. P, Gaines, and W. Scott, Brigadier Generals ;T. S. Jessup. Qr. Waster General; Colonel 
 Nathan Towson, Paymaster General; Joseph Loveli, Surgeon General; and Charles Gratiot, Chief Engi- 
 neer. I'he army consists of tour regiments of artillery, and seven regiments of infantry. The western 
 de|)artnient of the army is under the command of General Gaines, the eastern, under the command of Gene 
 ral SciUt. The whole army consists of 6,190 officers and men. There are 58 military posts and arsenals 
 
 in the United States, besides others in a state of forwardness. In times of foreign invasion, insurrection, or 
 rebellion, the militia of the several states is under the command of the general goverrmient. The number ot 
 wliich, in 1830, is stnted in the table. 
 
 The Military Academy at West Point, in New York, was established in 1802, Col. R, E, De Russey, 
 is Superintendant and Commandant, The number of cadets is limited to 250. The academy is generally 
 full. From the establishment of this institution to September 2, 1828, there had been 1289 cadets admitted ; 
 510 commissioned; 477 resigned; 162 discharged; 20 had died; and in 1830, 213 remained. The cost of 
 this establishment to 1828, was $1,185,421. 
 
 From 1795 to 1817 inclusive, there were made at the Armory, at Harper's Ferry, Vir., 82,727 muskets, 
 11. 1570 repaired, and 4,100 pistols ; at Springfield, Mass., there were made 128,559 muskets, 1,202 carbines, 
 and 45,800 repaired. The expenses at the latter place for purchases, buildings, repairs, <itc. was $1,820,122. 
 The number of muskets manufactured in the United States' armories in 1832, was 25,500; Hall's rifles, 
 4.360; screw drivers, l(i.961 ; wipers, 86,569 ; arm chests, 716 ; and various other articles. Expenditiures, 
 $405,944. 
 
 NAVY OF THE UNITED STATES.— L. Woodbury, Secretary of the Navy. John Rodgers, 
 Isaac Chauncey and Charles Morris, Commissioners; C- "W- Goldsborough, Secretary of the Board. 
 There are 40 Captains; 37 Masters Commandant ; 260 Lieutenants; 44 Surgeons; 42 Pursers ; 9 Chap- 
 lains; and 12 iS'avy Agents. Samuel Humphreys, Chief Naval Constiuctor. There are 7 Navy Yards in 
 the United States.' "William M, Crane, Commandant at Portsmouth, N, H, ; Jesse D. Elliott, at Charles- 
 town. Mass. ; Chas G. Ridgley , at Brooklyn, N, Y, ; James Barron, at Philadelphia, Penn, ; Isaac Hull, at 
 Washington, D. C, ; Lewis Warrington, at Gosport, Vir, ; and Alexander J, Dallas, at Pensacola, Florida. 
 
 There are 7 ships of 74 guns each ; 7 frigates of 44 guns, and 3 of 36 guns ; two sloops of war of 24 guns, 
 and 13 of 18 guns; and 8 schooners, which are either on the stations of the Mediterranean, West Indies, 
 Brazil, or Pacific Oce.an. or lying in ordin.ary at the several naval depots. There are also 5 ships of the line, 
 and 7 frigates of the first class on the .stocks, and which can be launched and ready for sea on a few months' 
 notice. The frigate Constitution, otherwise called ■' Old Iron Sides," the victor of the Guerriere. on the 
 1 itU August, 16V2: of the Java, on the 2Jth of December following; and of the Cyane and Levant, in 
 February, 1815, was built at Boston, in 17;i7, and cost $302,719. 
 
 The annual cost of a 74 gun ship on a cruize, is $180,360 ; the same in ordinary, $6,433. Of a 44 gun 
 frigate on a cruize. $112,000 ; in ordinary, $5,000. Complement of a 74, 656 men ; of a 44. 450 ; and of a 
 sloop of w ir, first class, 184 men. The cost of a 36 to a 74 gun ship, is estimated at $4,500 per gun ; 
 of a 32, $4,000 ; and of a 20 gun ship. $ i,500 per gun. 
 
 Two dry docks of sufficient capacity tor the largest vessels have lately been completed, one at Norfolk, 
 ti- ot'i<r It Ciivrlestjwn. They are cinstruoted of hewn granite of unrivalled niasonry. The latter 
 is 341 feet in length, ."-0 in width, and 30 in depth ; and cost $652,4S2, The Constitution made the intro- 
 ductory visit to that at Charlestown, on the 24th of Jiuie, 1833, and the North Carolina, 74, to that at Norlblk, 
 on the 27th of August following. The dock at Norfolk cost ;j^S72,220, 
 
20 
 
 POST OFFICE DEPARTMENT OF THE If. S.—Wil!um T. Barry, Post Master General. Salary 
 SB.OOO — (the same as to the Secretaries of the Treasury, Anny, and Navy.) 
 
 In the year 17!I0, there were 75 Post Offices in the United States, 1875 miles of post roads : the receipts oJ 
 the Post Office were 337,!135, expenditures S32,I40. In 1800, there jvere 903 Post Offices, 20,817 miles ol 
 post roads : receipts $280,804, expenditures 5i;213,U04. In 1810, there were 2300 Post Offices, 36,40G miles of 
 post roads : receipts $551,684, expenditures $i95,"J69. In 1820, there were 4,500 Post Offices, 72,492 n.iles 
 of post roads; receipts $1,111,927, expenditures $1,160,926. In 1829, there were 8,004 Post OfKces, 115,000 
 miles of post roads : receipts $1,850,583, expenditures $1,932,708. The mail, in 1832, was transported by 
 eoaclics, steam boats, sulkies, and on liorsehaek 23,625,021 miles. Rates of Postage : — for every letter of a 
 single sheet, not over 30 miles, 6 cents; over 30 to 80 miles, 10 cents ; over 80 to 150 miles, 12j cents; over 
 150 to 400 miles, 18j cents; over 400 udlcs, 25 cents. Double, triple, and quadruple letters, in the same ratio. 
 No letter can he charged with more tlinn quadruple postage, unless its weight exceeds one ounce avoirdupois. 
 
 Newspapers, or one sheet of jirintrd I'apcr, not over 100 miles to any state, and to any distance in the slate 
 where printed, 1 cent ; over 100 miles out of the state where printed, ij cents. Magazines and pamphlets, for 
 every 100 miles, 4 cents per sheet ; over 100 niiles, 6 cents. If published periodically, for 100 miles, 1 J cents; 
 over 100 miles, 2| cents. There are between 60 and 70 persons employed in this office. About 10,000 ac- 
 counts are balanced and settled quarterly. Upwards of 380,000 dead letters were returned to this office in 
 
 1829. The revenue arising from the General Post Office, has, in a great measure, been expended in the ex- 
 tension and improvement of the establishment. 
 
 The privilege of franking, and receiving letters free of postage, is given to the following persons, viz. 
 
 President and Vice Pres't. of U. S. Sect's, of State, I'rcasury, War, and Navy, P. M. General and Ass'ts 
 P. M. Gen. Att'y. Gen., Compt's. of the I'reasury, Audt's., Reg. Trcas., Comm'r. of the Gen. Land Office, 
 Ex-Presidents of the U. S., Members of Congress (during the Session, and 60 days before and alter the same,) 
 Comiu's of the Navy Board, Adj't. Gen. C onun'y. Gen. Insp's. Gen. Quart. Mas. Gen. Pay Majit. (jcn. 
 Sect'y. of the Senate, Clerk of the H. of Rep. Sup'nt. of the Patent Office ; and P. Masters, not to exceed 
 half an ounce in weight, and onedailv newspa[icr. 
 
 U.N IT ED STATES MINT. — This institution commenced operations in 1792, at Philadelphia, where it 
 has always been located. A. spacious and splendid edifice for its accommodation was commenced in that city 
 in 1829, and is now completed. I'lie coinage effected from the time of its establishment to 1829, was 
 109,278,031 pieces of gold, silver, and copper, amounting to $32,176,825 37. The coinage at the mint in 
 
 1830, amounted to 8,357,191 pieces — value $3,155,620. It is to be hofied, that the mode of cominiting by 
 pounds, shillings, and pence, will be abolished ; and that pistarcens, shilling, nine-penny, seven-penny half- 
 penny, and eleven-penny bits will soon, by means of this institution, assume the more convenient form of the 
 federal coins. 
 
 An eagle of gold, valued at $10, must weigh 11 penny-weights and 6 grains. A dollar must weigh 17 pen- 
 nv-wcights and 7 grains of silver ; and a cent must weigh 1 1 penny-weights of copper. All coins ceased to he 
 a legal tender in the United States on the 15th October, 1797, except federal coins and Spanish milled dollars. 
 
 UNITED STATES BANK.— This bank was incorporated March 3, 1616. It is located at Philadel- 
 phia. It has a capital of 35 millions of dollars, which is divided into 350,000 shares, of ^100 each. Its 
 ch-irter expires in 1836. The United States hold 70,000 shares ; individuals the residue. Nicholas Biddle 
 is Presidf nt. and Samuel Jaudon, Cashier. There are 26 branches of this bank now in operation in vi- 
 rions parts of the union. The shires of this bank, in 1817. were worth 50 percent, advance, and Oct. 26, 
 1833, 8 p**r cent, advance. The *dd United States Bank was chartered in 1791. Its charter expired in 
 18U Its capital was $10,000,000, divided into 25,000 shares : it made an average annual dividend of 85 per 
 cent, during its continuance. In 1809. lb. 000 of the shares were held by foreigners. Of the presentbank, 
 in 1832, t4, 055 shares were held by foreigners ; 51,028 in Penn. ; 40,242, in S. C. ; 34,235, in Md. ; 
 30,881, in N. Y. ; 11,617, in Va. ; ll",175, in Mass. ; and 16,767 in other states. 
 
 PUBLIC LANDS OF THE UNITED STATES.— The public lands within the states and territories 
 of the United States, consist of those lands ceded by many of the states to the United States ; the latter 
 taking the responsibility of extinguishing the Indian titles, together with those lands obtained from France, 
 by the purchase of Louisiana, and those by the cession of the Floridas from Spain. 
 
 The minimum price of these lands is iftl;} per acre; and, since 1620, no credit is given to pur- 
 chasers. These lands are surveyed before tiiey are offered for sale. They are divided into townships of 
 six miles square, which are divided into 36 sections, one mile square, containing each 640 acres ; and 
 sold in sections and parts of sections. One mile square in each township is reserved for a school fund. 
 A large quantity of these lands is surveyed, and for sale at the various land offices in the states where 
 they are located. Elijah Hayward is the land commissioner at Washington, and James M. Moore, chief 
 clerk. These lands lie in the following states and territories: viz. Indiana, Illinois, Missouri. Louisiana, 
 Mississippi, Alabama, Michigan, Arkansas, Florida and Ohio. They hold out a most inviting prospect 
 to the enterprising emigrant. 
 
 The quantity of unceded lands belonging to the Indians, and lying north and west of the states 
 and territories of the United States, but within the limits of the United States, has been estimated at about 
 750,n00,000 acres, 
 
 By a report of the land commissioner, dated April 2, 1839, it appears that the quantity of land for 
 salebelonging to the Unit.^d States, December 31, 1831, to which the Indian and other titles had been 
 extinguished, was 227,293,884 acres; that 10,713,317 acres had been appropriated, within the states and 
 territories where the lands lie, for internal improvements, colleges, academies, common schools, &c. ; 
 298,288 acres had been reserved as saline lands ; and that 4(i,080 acres had been granted to the deaf 
 and dumb institutions in Connecticut and Kentucky. There remained within those states and territo- 
 ries, December 31, 1831, 113.577.809 acres of land to which the Indian title was valid. It also appears 
 by said report, that the cost of the public domain up to September .30, 1831, including all purchases by 
 treaty, compact with Georgia, settlements of the Yazoo claims, compromises with the several Indian tribes, 
 expenditures for commissioners, surveyors. &c., was .948.077.551 ; and that the amount received at the 
 treasury, to that date, as the proceeds of public lands, was .^37,272.713. Balance, $10,804,838. 
 
 Allowing that the public domain was sold at the low price of sevenly-Jivi- cents an acre, and divided 
 according to the population by the last census, every free man. woman and child in the United States 
 would receive /)Ui(ecn doltur.-'. scvrniy-one cents and a /ruction, after paying the above balance, and with- 
 out taking into consideration the saline lands, or any future negotiation with the Indians. The amount of 
 capital that might accrue by such sale would supply ample means for constructing a double track liail- 
 Road of Quincy granite and wrou.fht iron, from Ensljjort to .\' 20 Orleans, and furnish a fund to procure 
 locomotive engines, cars, &c.. and to keep the whole in repair forever. It might also give to each state 
 and territory a school fund of three million dollars, pay the /lulilic debt, and leave a balance in the treasury 
 of many millions for miscellaneovs expenditures. These lands are becoming more valuable every day 
 and axe not only worth looking at, but after. 
 
21 
 
 DECLARATION OF INDEPENDENCE, 
 
 July 4, 1776. 
 
 A Declaration hy the Representatives of the United States of America in Congress 
 
 assembled. 
 
 3 of human events, it becornes 
 
 When, in t 
 for uno penple to (iissoive uie poi 
 nected tlicfii with unuther. and to 
 
 tlie earihi the separate and eaual . . 
 
 nature ami of nature's God entitle them[ a dncent respect 
 nkind roqu' 
 
 \-\\\c.\\ impel the 
 We h.dd th 
 
 theseparati 
 
 ) be s 
 
 ul bands whicli hav. 
 
 e,amoii?thepuw 
 
 1 to which the la' 
 
 ititle them» a dncent respect 1 
 
 :hat, they should Ueciare the c 
 
 iths 
 
 f these cnils, |[ is the iil'Iii of the people to 
 
 h principles, and otKaiiizini; its powers in 
 shall seem most likely to effect their safety 
 
 (Twn, that mar 
 sufferable, tha 
 which theyar 
 
 He has forbidden liis gover 
 
 ! patient, sufferance of 
 
 > liiws the most wholesome and i 
 
 lors to pass laws of immpdiate a 
 luspended in tlieir operation till 
 nd, when so susi>ended, he ha 
 
 icommodation o 
 muld relinquish 
 right inestimab 
 
 lallod together iegislati 
 
 ants only, 
 He has c.,. 
 onifortable 
 
 He has endeavored 
 
 ,. ._. in the 
 
 , and formidable to ty- 
 
 m into con 
 
 ! repeitedly, for oppos- 
 3 on the rights of tlie 
 
 i the people iit lari?e, for their 
 
 litheri and raising the 
 ands. 
 He has 
 
 He has made judges depende 
 ire of their otiices, and the an 
 
 tion of fur- 
 urage llieir migrations 
 lew appropriations of 
 
 unt 
 
 He ha 
 
 nultitude of r 
 
 and 
 
 hithe 
 
 I of offici 
 
 lie has kept amoncr us, in times of peace, standins armies, 
 A^ithout the consent of our legislatures. 
 
 He has affected to render the military independent of, and su- 
 lerior to, tlie civil power. 
 
 Htt has combiued with others to subject ua to a Jurisdiction 
 
 foreiCTi to our constitutions, and unacknowledged by 
 
 giving his assent to their acts of pretended lecislatior 
 
 For quartermg lar^e bodies of arniod troops anion 
 
 For protecting them, by a mock trial, from punis 
 
 any murders which they should commit on the i 
 
 of these states 
 
 for 
 
 foffo 
 
 rade 
 
 'ith t 
 
 
 
 For depri 
 
 For transporting us beyond ; 
 )flences : 
 For abolishing the free ; 
 
 ■ithout oi 
 
 e inhabitants 
 
 of the world : 
 
 of the benefits of trial by 
 
 to be tried for pretended 
 
 Mgh- 
 lent. 
 
 or takinc away our charters, abolishing our mr 
 ■s. and altering, fundamentally, the forms of ( 
 
 vn leeiala 
 
 He has plundi 
 
 d destroyed the li> 
 
 jclaring us out of his 
 
 ur coasts, burnt our 
 
 .„ _ ansportinelarire 'armies of foreign mer- 
 es to ri)mi>lete the works of death, desolation and tyranny, 
 ly lieguii willi circumstances of cruelty and perfidy, scarce- 
 iilleled ill the mo>!t barbarous ages, and totally unworthy 
 iidof a civilized nation. 
 
 las con-strained our fellow-citizens, taken captive on tlio 
 eas, to bear arms against their country, to become the ex- 
 •nera of their friends and brethren, or to fall themselves by 
 
 ges. 
 
 tinguished destruction of all agei 
 In every stage of these oppre 
 
 uleof V 
 
 1 undts 
 
 .-_ .... - petitioned for 
 
 . __ . repeated petitions have 
 
 iwered only by repeated injury. A prince, whose char- 
 thus marked by every act which may define a tyrant, is 
 be the ruler of a free people, 
 
 Nor have we been 
 ren. We have warned iti 
 their legislature to extern 
 
 
 atlentii 
 
 ■ Briti 
 
 ,of ! 
 
 sdictit 
 
 setltement here. We have ap|)ealed to thei 
 lagnanimilv.and we have conjured them hy 
 on kindred to disavow these usurpations, 
 ably interrupt our connections and correspc 
 
 the United Sta 
 
 aling to the Pu- 
 ,nur intention., do. 
 iHiiI people ot these 
 I these United Colo- 
 
 to do all other acts and 
 n>? right do. And for the 
 ■ni reliance on the iirotecti< 
 
 e(h and 
 ■loi^vy 
 
 JOnX HANCOCK, &:c. 
 
 SIGNERS OF THE ABOVE DECLARATION OF INDEPENDENCE. 
 
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 S^ J^i f- ^ '^ £5 *^ j*' i: " ^ ■** 5^ CJA.t;»t 
 
 ?; :& jS S S fS S; ^ S S 
 
 
 2S^:&£33J2isi£S2Si2 SS§§:5g^S££ 
 
 22^2 
 
22 
 
 CANAL.S AND RAIL.-ROADS in the U. STATES. 
 
 CANAI'S IN- PXiM'XTSVI.VAZTIA.- 
 
 Oraiid Pninsiih'ania Caiinl. This canal was coiiimcnied in 
 18-3l>, and the main trunk and many of ita branches weie 
 completed in 1833. It includes a number of canals, running 
 in different directions, and known by different names. The 
 main trunk commences at Columbia, on the Susquehannah 
 Kiver, 62 ms. W. bv S. from Philadelphia, at the termination 
 of the Philadelphia and Columbia Rail-Boad, and extends to 
 Middletown, 9 ms. below Harrisburg, where it passes the 
 head of the Union Canal, leading to the Schuylkill Canal 
 and Navigation to Philadelphia. From Middletown it ex- 
 tends to Hollidaysburg, 172 ms. from Columbia. From Hol- 
 lidaysburg the Alleghany Mountain is crossed by a rail-road, 
 and 5 inclined planes on each side, the greatest inclination 
 of whith makes an angle of 6 degrees with the horizon, in a 
 rise and fall of 2570 feet, to Johnstown, 37 ins. ; and from 
 thence, by canal, to Pittsburg, 104 ms. ; total, 313 miles. 
 From Pittsburg to New Orleans, by the Ohio and Mississippi. 
 it is 1929 ms. By the Alleghany River, French Creek, and 
 a short canal, a navigable communication is effected between 
 Pittsburg and the town of Erie, on Lake Erie, 213 miles. 
 The distance from the town of Erie to Montreal, L. U., by 
 the lakes, the Welland Canal and River St. Lawrence, is 
 47.5 ms. Total distance from Philadelphia to Montreal, by 
 this route, inoi ms. (See Pemisrjluama, under Census.) 
 
 JUiddle Division of the G. Penn. C. From the G. Penn. 
 C. 10 ms. above Harrisburg, up the Susquehannah, north, via 
 Northumberland, Wilkesbarre and Meansville, to the south 
 boundary of New York, at New Athens, near the head of 
 the Chemung Canal, in N. Y., 204 ms. 
 
 (fraf Branch Division of the G. Penn. C. From Northum- 
 berland, 52 ms. N. of Harrisburg, up the west branch of the 
 Susquehannah, via Williamsport, to Bald Eagle River, 68 
 miles. 
 
 Eastern Division of the G. Penn. C. On the Delaware, 
 from Bristol, 20 ms. above Philadelphia, to Easton, 60 rns. 
 
 The Frankstown Canal, SOJ ms. ; the Beaver, 245 '"^- ! "l^ 
 Franklin, 22', ; the Lyoming, A\\ ; and the Wyoming Canal, 16 
 ms., are all connected with the G. Penn. C, and, with 
 which, are the property of the state. Total length of canal 
 and river navigation, as described above, including the Alle- 
 ghany Rail-Way, 992.^ ms. 
 
 ScliuylliiU Canal and Jfavigation. This canal, in connec- 
 tion with the Union Canal, is the great outlet to Philadel- 
 phia from the G. Penn. C. and all its branches. It com- 
 mences at Fair-Mount Water-Works, on the Sclniylkill, and 
 extends to Reading, 54 ms. N. W. of Philadel|)hia, and from 
 thence to Mount Carbon, 56 ms. Total length, 110 ms. It 
 comprises 31 dams, from 3 to 27 feet in height, by which is 
 produced a slack water navigation of 45 ms. ; 125 locks, 80 
 bv 17 feet, of which 28 are guard locks ; 17 arched aque- 
 ducts ; a tunnel of 450 feet in length, cut thi.ni^li iiinl iiiuler 
 solid rock ; and 05 toll and gate iuiuscs. l,<.rU.i'j( , ir.'ii iVtt. 
 Breadth at the surface, 36 feet ; do. at the iK.il.inj, J ; , .1 plh 
 of water, 4 feet. Commenced in 1816. Cost lo 1830, 
 $2,336,380. Net income, same year, $99,828. 
 
 Union Canal, This canal connects the Schuylkill Naviga- 
 tion with the G. Penn. C. and Susquehannah River. It ex- 
 tends from 4 ms. below Reading, on the Schuylkill, to Mid- 
 dletown, on the Susquehannah. 9 ms. below Harrisburg, via 
 Lebanon, 82 ms., exclusive of the Swatara Feeder of 24 ms. 
 This canal comprises a tunnel, 729 feet in length. 18 feet 
 wide, and 14 high ; 2 summit reservoirs, containing 12,000,000 
 cubic feet of water, covering 35 acres ,■ 2 steam engines of 
 100 horse power each, and 3 water-wheels for feeding the 
 canal by pumping ; 2 dams, 43 waste wiers, 49 culverts, 135 
 bridges, 12 small and 2 large aqueducts, 14 miles of protec- 
 tion wall of stone, 2 wuard locks of wood, and 92 cut stone 
 locks, 75 by 8^ feet. Connected with this canal is a rail-road 
 from the great basin at Pine Grove, to the coal mines, of 
 about 4 ms. in length. Dimensions of the canal same as the 
 S. C. and N. These works were constructed in 1827, and 
 cost more than $2,000,000. Tolls in 1831, $59,137 ; cost of 
 repairs, same year, $2,723. 
 
 Lehigh Canal, From Easton, on the Delaware, to Stod- 
 dartsville, connecting the Morris Canal with the Mauch 
 Chunk Rail-Road, on the Lehigh, 47 miles. Width at the 
 surface, 60 feet ; do. at bottom, 45 ; depth of water, 5 feet. 
 It has 8 dams, varying in height from 6 to 16 feet ; 4 aque- 
 ducts ; 22 culverts; 7 guard locks, and 41 olher locks, 100 
 feet by 22. Lockage, 360 feet. Cost, $1,558,000. Tolls not 
 to exceed 3 cents per ton per mile. Incorporated in 1818. 
 
 Lackawaxen Canal. See Delaware and Hudson Canal. 
 
 Conestoga J^avigatian, A series of locks and dams from 
 Safe Harbor, on the Susquehannah, to Lancaster, 18 miles. 
 Company incorporated in 1825. Cost $4000 per mile. 
 
 RAIX.-IlOA.DS ZIT FENNSVI.VA- 
 
 JfliJi,,— Columbia and Philadelphia. K, R. From the inter- 
 section of Vine and Broad streets, in Philadelphia, to Colum- 
 bia, on the Susquehannah River, via Lancaster, 81 miles. 
 State property. 
 
 Philadelphia, Germantoivn and J^orristown R. R. From 
 PhiLadelphiato Norrislown, on lire SchuyMll, about 18 miles 
 N. by W. from Philadelphia, via Gerinaiitown. Completed 
 in 1832. This road is to be continued from Norristown to 
 Allentown, on the Lehigh, 81 miles. 
 
 Harrisburg and Chambersburg R. R. From Harrisburg, via 
 Carlisle, to Chambersburg, 143 miles \V. by S. from Phila- 
 delphia, 48 miles. 
 
 Philadelphia and Trenton R. R. Constructed in 1833. 26} 
 miles. This rail-road extends from Philadelphia to Trenton, 
 N. J., on the Delaware, via Bristol ; and Morrisville, opposite 
 t'l Trmiton. This will prove a great accommodation, partic- 
 ularly in seasons when the waters of the Delaware are low. 
 
 Maur'i Chunk R. R, Commenced and completed in 1827. 
 From the coal mines near Mauch Chunk, in the county of 
 Northampton, 90 ms. N. by W. from Philadelphia. The coal 
 is taken from the mines down an inclined plane, 936 feet in 
 a distance of 9 miles, to the Lehigh River. The cars de- 
 scend bv their own gravity, and are drawn back by mules. 
 About 20 tuns is a freight down. From 3 to 400 tons are dis- 
 charged daily at the river, from whence it is transported, by 
 water, to Philadelphia, New York, and other places. The 
 length of this rail-way, luciuding the ends and sides, is 13^ 
 
 miles, and cost $3,0.W a mile. There are many other rail- 
 roads in Pennsylvania leading from the mines in various di- 
 rections, whose aggregate length exceeds 90 miles. In the 
 county of Schuylkill alone, in this state, in 1831, 12,000 per- 
 sons were dependent for subsistence on the coal trade ; more 
 than 1200 vessels were employed in carrying coal to market j 
 and the capital invested in coal lands, buildings, rail-roads, 
 cars, boats and horses, amounted to $8,540,000. 
 
 The quantity of coals mined in Pennsylvania in 1895, was 
 33,393 tons; in 1830, 1.32,969 tons ; in 1832,379.000 tons. The 
 present year, 475,000 tons is about the quantity that can be 
 mined. The consumption of coals in London, in 1832, was 
 2,139,078 tons. The population of London is nearly double 
 to that of all the cities in the United States. There were 
 consumed in the city of New York, in 1830, 297,606 loads, or 
 about 99,202 cords of hard and soft wood, which cost 
 $483,086; also, 23,606 tons of .'Anthracite coal; 11,895 chal- 
 drons Virginia do., and 12,593 do. charcoal, which cost 
 $321,642— total, $804,728. 
 
 CA.KA1LS IN XTEVr TTOJiX.-Erie Canal, 
 This canal commences at Albany, on the Hudson River, and 
 terminates at Buffalo, on Lake Erie, 363 miles. (See Table 
 of Duslances.) It was commenced in 1817, and finished in 
 1825. Cost, $9,027,456. Width at the surface, 40 feet ; at 
 bottom, 28; depth of water, 4 feet. Rise and fall, 698 
 feet , 84 locks of stone masonry, 90 feet by 15. It passes the 
 Cohoes Falls, on the Mohawk River, by 16 locks, to over- 
 come a fall of 132 feet, in the space of two iriles. From 
 Frankfort lo Syracuse is the " long level," 69 miles without 
 a lock. Amount of tolls in 1832, $1,085,612. The distance 
 from the city of New York, via Albany and Buffalo, to 
 the mouth of the Welland Canal, at Port Maitland, on 
 Lake Erie, is 547 miles; from thence to Kingston, 
 on Lake Ontario, (directly down the lake,) at the mouth 
 of the Rideau Canal, is 2^2 miles ; from Kingston to Og- 
 densbnrgh, N. Y., on the St. Lawrence, is 70 miles, and 
 from thence to Montreal, 120— Whole distance from New 
 York to Montreal, by this route, 959 miles. 
 
 Champlain Canal. This canal commences at the Erie Ca- 
 nal, near Waterford. 9 miles above Albany, and extends to 
 WJiitehall, at the head of Lake Champlain, 63 miles. It 
 was commenced in 1817, navigated in 1819, and cost 
 $1,179,872. Dimensions same as the Erie. Rise and fall, 
 188 feet ; 21 locks. Tolls, in 1832, $110,192. Lake Cham- 
 plain, well renowned in story, is a beautiful collection of wa- 
 ters from Lake George, Paulet and other rivers from the 
 south; Otter, Onion and other rivers from the Green Moun- 
 tains on the east ; and the Saranac, Sable, Chazy, &c., from 
 the west. It is 138 miles in length, and varies from I to 16 
 in breadth. It is navigable for vessels of considerable bur- 
 then, and is a great thoroughfare between the United States 
 and Canada. Its outlet is by the Sorel, or Chambly River, 
 69 ms. in length, which empties into the St. Lawrence, 45 
 ms. below Montreal. (See Table of Distances.) 
 
 Oswego Canal. From the Erie Canal at Salina, on Onon- 
 daga Lake, to Oswego, at the mouth of Oswego River, a port 
 of entry, on Lake Ontario, 75 miles N. W. of Utica, part slack 
 water, or river navigation, 38 miles. Descent from Salina to 
 Lake Ontario, 123 feet ; 14 locks. Cost, $.525,115. Tolls in 
 1839, $19,786. Oswego River is formed by the outlet of 
 Onondaga, Oneida, and other lakes in this state. Onondaga 
 Lake is 7 ms. long and 3 broad. (See JVem York, under Cen- 
 sus.) Oneida Lake is about 20 ins. long, with a mean width 
 of 4, and is celebrated for its fine salmon and other fish. 
 
 Cayuga and Seneca Canal, From the Seneca Lake at Ge- 
 neva, via Waterloo, to the Erie Canal at Montezuma, 206 
 ms. W. from Albany, 20 miles. Part slack water naviga- 
 tion. Constructed in 1828. Cost, $214,000. Fall, 73J feet ; 
 11 wood locks. Tolls in 1832, $13,893. This canal unites 
 the beautiful lakes of Cayuga and Seneca, at their outlets 
 near Seneca Falls, on Seneca River. Cayuga Lake is 40 miles 
 in length, and 2 mean width. Seneca Lake is 35 miles in 
 length, and from 2 to 4 in breadth. Both lakes are navigable 
 for vessels of considerable size. 
 
 Chemung Canal. Length, 18 miles. This canal commences 
 at the head of Seneca Lake, and extends to Elmira, on the 
 Tioga or Chemung River, (a coal region,) which empties 
 into the Susquehannah, at New Athens, Penn., at the head 
 of the Middle Division of the Pennsylvania Canal. Naviga- 
 ble feeder to Painted Post, 13 ms. Total, 31 miles. Com- 
 pleted in 1832. Cost about $300,000. As the Tioga is navi- 
 gable from Elraira to New Athens, a distance of about 20 
 miles, an inland navigable communication is accomplished 
 between the great commercial marts of New York and Phil- 
 adelphia, a distance of 798 miles ; winding its course 
 through the heart of one of the most delightful countries on 
 the globe ; abounding in wheat, salt, coal, iron, marble, and 
 every product that fertility of soil, a temperate climate, and 
 industry, can bestow upon man. 
 
 Crooked Lake Canal. This canal connects Crooked Lake 
 down its outlet, from near Penn Yan, 7 miles, with Seneca 
 Lake and the Erie Canal. Lockage, 270 feet. Completed, 
 1833. Cost about $120,000. The head of Crooked Lake is 
 about 5 ms. N. E. from Bath, and 210 W. by S. from Albany. 
 This lake is 17 miles long, and about a mile in width.— The 
 above canals are the property of the state of New York, and 
 cost $11,366,444. Total length, including 21 miles of navi- 
 gable feeders, 530 miles. The amount of tolls received on 
 the state canals from the opening of navigation, April 22d to 
 June 30th, 1833, was $500,212. 
 
 Chenango Canal. (Undertaken by the state, but not com. 
 pleted.) To extend from the Erie Canal, near Utica, through 
 the valleys of Oriskany and Chenango, via Clinton and 
 Norwich, to Binghampton, on the Susquehannah River, 145 
 miles W. S. W. from Albany. Length, 923 ™s. Lockage, 
 1009 feet. Estimated cost, $944,775. 
 
 mack River Canal. (Undertaken as above.) To com- 
 mence at the Erie Canal at Rome, 15 miles N. W. of Utica, 
 and to extend to the High Falls on Black River, 36 miles, in- 
 cluding 9 nis. of navi"able feeder at Boonville ; and 40 miles 
 improvement of the river navination from the High Falls to 
 Carthage ; total distance, 76 miles. Rise and fall from Rome 
 to Black River, 1078 feet. Estimated expense, $002,544." 
 Black Kiver is about 120 miles in length. It has many tribu- 
 
taries, and passes throngh a very fertile and rapidly incrnas- 
 iiiiT country. This river empties into Lake Ontario, at Sack- 
 et's Harbor, a port of entry and naval depot. This is a no- 
 ble hirhor for vessels of all clnssps ; 35 miles S. E. of Kiiigs- 
 lun, U. C, and h'A ms N. W. from Albany. 
 
 Delaicart and Ihtdson Canal. Incorporated in 1823. Capi- 
 tal, $1 ..'S00,00.:i—S50!),000 of which is employed in banking 
 in the city of New York. This canal extends from Bolton, 
 on Rondout Creek, opposite Rhinebeck, on the Hudson 
 River, 4 miles below Kingston, and 90 miles above the city 
 of iVew York, to the River Delaware, 59 miles, up the Dela- 
 ware, 24 ms. ; thence up the Lackawaznt Canal, in Pennsyl- 
 vania, to Honesdale, 25 miles : from Honesdale there is a 
 rail-road, 16 miles in length, to the coal mines at Carbon- 
 dale, Penn. Total length of canal and rail-road, 124 miles. 
 Rise of the summit level, between the Hudson and Dela- 
 ware Rivers, 535 feet. Total lockaje, 1431 feet. Com- 
 menced in 1605; completed, I8-28. The tolls on the canal 
 are not to exceed 8 cents per ton a mile for coal, and 4 cents 
 for other merchandise. Coals mined and brought to tide wa- 
 ter in 1831, .sa,000 tons ; 641 vessels loaded at Rondout from 
 April to December, I8:il. 790 ions of coal were transported 
 from Carbondule to Honesdale in one day, in July, 1833. 
 
 kawk and Hudson R. R. Frdm Albany to the Erie Canal, at 
 Schenectady, Ifi miles. Incorporated in 182G ; completed, 
 1831. The ascents on the Hudson, at Albany, 185 feet, and 
 on the Mohawk, at Schenectady, 109, are overcome by in- 
 clined planes, with stationary engines. Summit level be- 
 tween the rivers, 335 feel above the Hudson. Schenectady 
 is 2-2 i feel above the Hudson. The greatest inclination on 
 the pi inea is 1 foot in 18 ; on the roadi 1 foot in -22.5. With 
 the exception of 2 curves, (radii 2.1,0J3 and 1,100 feet,) the 
 road is perfectly straight. Double track, permanently laid 
 on stone, with rails of Norway and white pine, covered with 
 wrought iron. Cost, about 3700,000. The average speed of 
 the De Witt Clinton locomotive engine, on this road, with 3 
 loaded cars equal to 8 tons, is 15 miles an hour; but it has 
 frequently accomplished, with the same load, tkirty miles an 
 hour. Prices paid for work and some of the materials — Ex- 
 cavation of sand, 7 cis. pr. cubic yard ; clay, 9 cts. ; embank- 
 ment of sand, 8 cts. cubic yd. ; clay, 1 1 ; broken stone, not 
 more than 2 inches diameter, $2 pr. cubic vd. ; stone blocks, 
 containing 2 cubic feet, 45 cts. ; grading, S7,500 pr. mile, sin- 
 gle track, $10,0'J0 for 9 tracks ; castings for chains and runs, 
 4 cts. a lb. ; spikes, 5 cts. a lb. 
 
 Saratoga and Schenectady R. R.^ 20 miles in length. Incor- 
 porated, 1831 ; completed, 1832. Cost, $2.'J0,0'J0. Single 
 track. Neailv straight. This is a continuation of the Mo- 
 hawk and Hudson Rail-Road, and unites the celebrated 
 watering places at Ballston Spa and Saratoga with the line 
 of steam navigation from Albany to the city of New York. 
 12,000 persons passed this road in July, 1833. The village of 
 Saratoga Springs is about 90 ms. E. of Utica, 37 S. VV. of 
 Whitehall, and 180 N. of the city of New York. From Bos- 
 Ion, via Worcester, 40 ms. ; Northampton, 90; Pittsfield, 
 130 ; New Lebanon Springs, 137, and Albany, it is 199 ms. 
 From Boston, via Keene, N. H. 79; Burlington, Vt. 210; 
 Whitehall, N. Y. by Lake Champlain, 285, it is 3-^ miles: 
 Or, from Boston, via Keene, N. H. and Brattleborough, Vt. 
 99; Benningtim, Vt. 135; and Troy, N. Y. 165, to this de- 
 lightful and //y^fian spot, it is 190 miles. Yet, such is the 
 present stale of internal improvements in New England, that 
 a traveller from Boston .to the Springs, who consults his 
 comfort, time and purse, will go by the way of the city of 
 New York, in preference to any other — Distance 420 miles ! 
 <See J^ew York, under Census.) 
 
 Cutskill and Canajoharic R. R. Incorporated, 1830. Capi 
 tal, $ti00,000. From Calskill, on the Hudson, 110 miles 
 above the city of New York, to the Erie Canal, at Canajo 
 harie, on the Mohawk, 69 miles N. W. of Albany. Length. 
 70 miles, ft is proposed to extend this rail-road from Cana- 
 joharie to the Susquehannah River. 
 
 Itliaca and Ouoego R. R. From Uhaca, at the head of Ca- 
 yuga Lake, to Owego, on the Susquehannah River, 177 miles 
 N. W. from the city of New York. This will open another 
 favorable avenue for the transportation of salt, coal, gypsum, 
 and other heavy commodities in the interior of the states of 
 New York, Pennsylvania and Maryland. Length, 29 milei 
 Incorporated in 1828. Capital, $300,000. 
 
 Harlem R. R. On the island of New York, from the busi- 
 ness part of the city to Harlem River,? miles. Incorpor; 
 in 1831. Capital, $350,000. It is proposed to unite this i 
 the JVeof York and .Albany Rail-Road, with a capital of 
 $3,00'J,000, passing through the counties on the east side of 
 the Hudson, and a part of the state of Massachusetts, to 
 meet a rail-road from Boston at some point in the county of 
 Berkshire, and terminating at Greenbush, opposite to the 
 city of .Albany. Length, about 170 miles. 
 
 JWw York and Erie R. R. Company incorporated in 18.32. 
 Capital, $10,000,000. By this great enterprise, which is to 
 commence at some point near the city of New York, it is in- 
 tended to open a direct communication through the southern 
 tier of counties in this state, via Owego and Angelica, to 
 Lake Erie, at some point between Cattaraugus Creek and 
 the Pennsylvania line. This will give to those secluded 
 sections of the state facilities for a market which they have 
 never enjoyed ; it will open a new and more direct channel 
 to the coal regions in Pennsylvania, and greatly facilitate 
 commercial interchange between the city of New York and 
 the extensive and fertile territory through which it passes ; — 
 with Michigan, and Upper Canada, and the whole western 
 States ; and afTord an avenue which the frosts of winter can- 
 not impede. Length, about 400 miles. 
 
 Albany and Utica R. R. To extend from the termination 
 of the Mohawk and Hudson Rail-Road, at Schenectady, to 
 Utica, 80 miles. Incorporated in 18:i2. Capital, $2,0011,000. 
 It is worthy of remark, to show in what estimation rail-road 
 stock is held by capitalists, to state, that, on the day the 
 books for this stock were opened, more than fourteen million 
 
 dollars \ 
 
 ubscribed for. 
 
 CA.NILI43 XN OmZOm-Ohio Canal. This canal 
 extends from Cleveland, on Lake Erie, via Kendall, 60 miles; 
 Coshocton, 124 ; Newark, 166 ; Circleville, 227 ; Chilicothe, 
 250, and Piketon, 285, to Portsmouth, on the Ohio, 310 miles, 
 aear th« mouth of the Scioto River. From Cleveland, to 
 
 ckage, 889 feet. Com- 
 1 Cincinnati to Dayton, 
 nd cost, to 1832, 
 
 23 
 
 the mouth of the Maumee, by the bay and lake, Is 80 milts , 
 to Detroit, 140 ; to Erie, 107 ; to Duiral.i, 190 ; lu New York, 
 697 ; to ORilenshurg, on Lake Ontario, hy the Welled Ca- 
 nal, 475; to duebec, 7fil ; and to Boston, via Ogdenshnre, 
 and the contem|ilat 'd rail-road, about 8(10 miles, rortsinonth 
 is 15^3 ms. above New Orleans ; 606 above the junction of 
 the Ohio and Mississippi Kivers ; 103 above Cincinnati ; 174 
 below Marietta; 255 below Wlieelinp, and 340 miles below 
 Piltsbur?. This canal connects with Columbus by a navi- 
 gable feeder. Commenced in 1825; completed, 1S33. Leniith 
 of main trunk, 310 miles ; navigable feeders to Columbus, 11 
 ms., Granville, 6, Tuscarawas, 3, and Wolhonding, Biver.s, 
 1, an(l side cut from the .Muskingum to Dresden, 3 ms. ; to- 
 tal, 334 miles. Lockage, 1185 feet. Portsmouth is 474 feet 
 above the sea, and 94 feet below Lake Erie. During the last 
 week in July, 1833, 52 merchant vessels arrived at Cleve- 
 land ; 24 of which passed the VVelland Canal, and 11 from 
 ports in Canada. 
 
 Miami Canal. From the mouth of Maumee River, in 
 Maiimee Bav, at the S. W. end of Lake Erie, to Cincinnati, 
 on the Ohio, via Perrysburg, 10 miles ; Defiance, 65 ; St. 
 Mary's, 130 ; Troy, 100 ; Davton, 200 ; Hamilton, 240 ; Cin- 
 cinnati, 265 miles of canai. 
 meuced in 1825. Completec 
 1833. The above canals are state property 
 $5,098,603. 
 
 The state of Indiana is about constructing a canal from 
 the navigable waters of the Wabash, which discharges into 
 the Ohio, 120 miles above the confluence of that river with 
 the Mississippi, to meet the Miami Canal at Dcliance ; thus 
 making a third navigable highway through the slate of Ohio, 
 from the great western waters to the northern lakes. The 
 Wabash is navigable 340 miles above its mouth. 
 
 iMncaslcr Lateral Canal. This canal extends from the 
 Ohio Canal to Lancaster, 23 miles S. E. of Columbus, and 
 36 S. W. of Zanesville. Length, 9 miles. Constructed by 
 the citizens of Lancaster. 
 
 The Pennsylvania and Ohio Rail-Road will commence at 
 Pittsburg, Penn. and e.itend to Massillon, on the Ohio Ca- 
 nal, 70 miles from Cleveland. This rail-way will connect 
 the Ohio and Pennsylvania Canals with Lake Erie; and 
 those canals with the Ohio River at two points— Pittsburg 
 and Portsmouth ; a distance of 346 miles from each other. 
 Length, 108 miles. Estimated cost, $1,750,000. 
 
 CAM'ivi.s iw nrjTW JnnsisTe.— Morris 
 
 Canal. This canal was commenced in 1825, and completed 
 in 1831. It extends from Newark to Baston on the Dela- 
 ware, and connects, by the Lchiirh Canal, with the vast coal 
 regions in Pennsylvania. Length, 90 60-100 miles. It is 
 proposed toe.\tend this canal Irom Newark to Jersey City, 
 opposite to the city of New York, a distance of 14 miles. 
 This canal passes through the state, in a westerly direction, 
 by the way of the following places, to wit: Paterson, 14 
 52- 100 miles from Newark; Montville, 30 19-100 , Rockaway 
 aqueduct, .35 81-100; Drakesville, 48 90-100; St.anhope, .53 
 69-100; Saxon's Falls, 59 73-100; Hackettstown, 62 51-100; 
 Andersontown, 70 59-100; Washington, 74 75-100; New 
 Village, 82 61-100 ; and Greenwich, 88 2-100, to Easlon 
 bridge, 90 60-100. This canal is from 30 to 32 feet in width 
 at the surface, from 16 to 18 at the bottom, and 4 feet deep. 
 The rise and fall is 1657 feet, 223 of which are overcome by 
 24 locks, and the remaining 1434 feet by 23 inclined planes. 
 There are also connected with this canal, 5 dams, 30 cul- 
 verts, 12 aqueducts, 4 guard locks, and more than 200 bridges. 
 The canal is supplied with water from Hojiatcong Lake, 900 
 feet above tide water. Cost, about $1,100,000. 
 
 Rates of Tail. Coal, Leached Ashes, Clay, Gypsum, Iron 
 Ore, Marble, 1 cent pep ton a mile. Coffee, Flax, Hollow 
 W^are, and other manufactured Iron, Marble, Hides, Sugar, 
 2 cents pr. toll. Beef and Pork, 3 mills pr. bbl. Corn. \\ 
 ct. for 40 bushels. Wheiit and Rye, 2 cts. for 40 bush. Salt, 
 2 cts. 40 bush. Cotton, Pressed Hay, Grindstones, Straw, 
 1^ ct. pr. ton. Ashes, Fish, Whiskey, Cider and Beer, \ ct. 
 a bbl. Flour and Meal, IJ ct. 10 bbls. Charcoal, 2 cts. 100 
 bushels. Fire Wood, hickory, 2',, oak and other, 1 J ct. a 
 cord. Bark, 2 cts. a cord. Bricks, 2 cts. 1000. Butter and 
 Lard, 2J cts. a ton. Timber, in boats, 1 J ct. 90 solid feet; 
 in rafts, 4 cts. Lim.estone, 1 ct. 20 cubic i"eet. Posts or 
 Rails, split, IJ ct. 511. Barley, 2 cts. 50 bush. Lumber, in 
 boats, U cl. 1000 feet, inch measure ; do. in rafts, 4 cts. Mo- 
 lasses, IJ ct. per hhd. per mile. The ton is 2240 lbs. Pas- 
 
 The beautiful and flourishing town of J^arark. on the west 
 side of the Passaic River, 9 ms. W. of New York, is cele- 
 brated for its various maimfaciures of leather, carriages of 
 all sorts, cabinet and plated wares, coach lace, Slc. The 
 amount of export of these and other articles manufactured 
 at this place, exceeds two million dollars annually ; probably 
 a larger amount than from any other place of its size in this 
 country, where no use is made of steam or water power. 
 
 Paterson, aliio on the line of this canal, 14 miles N. W. of 
 New York, is a noted roanulacturing town. The beautiful 
 falls on the Passaic, of 70 feet perpendicular, afford this 
 place an immense water power. In 1810, its population was 
 292 ; in 1830, 7731. In 1829, there were in Paterson 4 mill- 
 wright and machine shops; 1 iron and brass foundry; 1 
 rolling and slitting mill, and nail factory ; and 17 cotton fac- 
 tories. Cotton and flax spindles, 33,645. Power and hand 
 looms, 487. Number of hands employed in the various 
 manufacturing operations, 1879. Cotton and flax consumed 
 annually, 2,779,600 lbs. Duck and cloth, of all descriptions, 
 manufactured annually, 2,604,450 yards. There were also 
 in that town 1 bank, 9 churches, 6 sabbath schools, 8 min- 
 isters, 9 physicians, 10 taverns, and 132 widows, having 667 
 children. 
 
 Delaware and RariUtn Canal. This canal, intended for 
 sloop navigation, commences at New Brunswick, on the 
 Karitan, 33 miles S. W. from New York, and 26 N. of Tren- 
 ton, and extends to Lamberton, on the Delaware, via Tren- 
 ton, 38 miles. Width, at the surface, 75 feet; depth, 7 
 feet. A navigable feeder, of 5 feet depth of water, extends 
 from Trenton to Eagle Island, up the Delaware, 20 miles. 
 Completed, 1833. Cost, about $1,500,000. 
 
 RAX]:.-BOADS 1X7 ms-w jehset.- 
 
 Camden and Amhoy R. R. This rail-way extends frora Am- 
 boy, 23 miles S. VV. by S. of Nsw York, via Botdentoi.vn, lo 
 
24 
 
 Camiten, opposite to Pliiladelphia, 61 miles. Tliis road is 
 now in operation. It will eventually be constructed in the 
 most siilistantial manner of stone and iron, and used with 
 steam locomotive engines. This company was incorporated 
 in I83S), and is now united with that of the'Delaware and Rar- 
 ,itan (-'anal. The slate receives a lame transit duty from this 
 corporation ($.11l/llin pr. aim.). (See .V. .Irrsc,/, under Census.) 
 Patcrsonaml KiiJsnii R. R. liiorpMnvted in 18.11. Capi- 
 tal, $a.iO,000. This road is to extend from Patersim to Jer- 
 sey City, 11 miles. It is in operation from Paterson to the 
 head of sloop navigation, on tlie Passaic, 4 miles. 
 
 CAITAIiS IN BIARYLAWD.— C//«o;,rotr 
 and Okio Canal. This canal will extend from the tide water 
 of the Pot.uoac River ahove Georgetown, D. C. to the Ohio 
 River at Pittslmrg, Pa., 311', miles. Breadth at the surface 
 CO to 80 feet, at bottom .SO feet ; and from fi to 7 feet in depth. 
 The first 2 rjiiles are 70 feet at the surface, and 7 feet deep. 
 The ne.\t i Jniles are 80 feet wide and feet deep. The re- 
 maining distance to the Point of Rocks, 44 miles, is 60 feet 
 wide and 6 deep. 5 miles from Georgetown, branches are 
 to he constructed to Ale.vandria, Baltimore, and to the Navy 
 Yard at Washington. This canal passes the Alleghanv 
 Mo'inliin, of «.">!) feet elevation, bv a tunnel 4 milei? and 80 
 yarils in length, with two deep cuts of 1060, and 140 yards ; 
 each cot o]ieus into a basin of 880 yards by 114. Lockage, 
 331.5 feet. Locks of stone, 100 feet bv l.i in the clear. Com- 
 menced, 1823. Estimated ciist, about $3;i,000,000. 
 
 Port Driiusitc Canal. This is a piiblie work of the state, 
 from Port Dep isite on the e.ist bank of the Snsquehauuah 
 Eiver, along a line of rapids, 10 miles. Port Deposite is h 
 miles iV. of Havre de Grace ; Havre de Grace is at the head 
 of Chesapeake Bay, and at the mouth of the noble Susnue- 
 hannah, 3j miles N. E. from Baltimore. 
 
 RAIIi-ItOABS 157 SIAIl'yi.ikXrD.- 
 
 Baltiiuorc aa.l O'rij R. R. This cfinip.iin vm^ iiirdrporated 
 in 1837, and the ceiemniiv of 1 imii- Hie lirst ^ti.iie was per- 
 formed July 4, 182.8. Capital, S5,nj 1,11 1,1. This road is to 
 extend from the centre of the eitv of Baltimore, to, or at 
 some point near Pittsburg, on the Ohio Kiver ; distance, n2:> 
 miles. From Baltimore to the Point of Rocks, with a 
 branch to Frederick, U miles, total 7;IS miles, are finished 
 and in use. From the Point of Rocks it will extend to 
 Harper's Ferrv, at the confluence of the Shenandoah and 
 P'to'iiac Rivers: from thence it reaches Cnmberlaud, via 
 Williiim^nnrr ; and from thence the Ohio River. VVill- 
 i iin- i ■■! I- : . liid Cumlierland, 13'- miles iN. W. by W. from 
 Dili 11 I I ill of these towns are on the Potomac. A 
 SI 1 iM I ., 1 plan-:s will be reqiiired to cross the A! 
 I.;]i :i, .1 II, a summit of 1-200 feet : with ihis e^rep- 
 
 II ':i. I ;( II III iiiin of the road is so slight, Hi if \hr \^ imt'' 
 
 III II til II !■ i: 'I with locomotive enttines uiHinii iIiiIk niu . 
 A. I I 1^ ■ , .' it a single track, Sl.=i,.')00 a mil. ,,1 ,i ,l,.ulil,- 
 
 J-. Tlie net inrnme, for 9 liiiililli-. In I- I, nt 
 
 tilt 
 
 The niiml 
 
 I p art . 
 
 rket 1 
 
 ei,( h siile a vast extent ot rountr\',cii 
 I'lr wheal, and stored with iuexha'ustil 
 hiniioinous coal ; and passes through 
 s of which have liilherlo had to seek 
 rplus products by dj^tticult and 
 
 
 utes to other cities : it will give to Baltimore a safe and 
 rapid communication, both winter and summer, to the almost 
 boundless country west of the Ohio ; and yield her a large 
 share of ils great anil rapidly increasing commerce. 
 
 BaUnnurr nail Sns'inehannah R. R. Co lenced in 1830. 
 
 To extend from Baltimore to York, Pa., 70 miles. Com- 
 pleted to the state line, 15 miles. The company is aiithor- 
 i/.ed to construct a lateral rail-road, commenciug at the main 
 stem, within 10 miles of Baltimore, through Westminster, 
 31 miles N. W. from B.altimore ; and from thence to the ,Miui- 
 ocasv River. Expense, for single track, about 813,000 a mile. 
 
 Bidtinwrr and IVaskmalon R. R. 'I'liis rail-road commences 
 at Elkridge Lamliug. It is a branch of the Ohio Rail-lload, 
 and constructerl by the same company. . Baltimore is 38 
 miles N. E. of Washington. 
 
 0&VtAX.S IN- MASSACHtrSSTTS.- 
 
 MuUlarcCanal. This canal coiumem es at Boston harbor, and 
 passes, in a nnrlhwesterlv direction, through CharlesHnvii, 
 Medford,5 miles from Boston ; Woburn, 10; Wilmington, 
 14, to Lowell, 27 miles, on the Merrimack Eiver. It was in 
 corporated in 1789, and com]ileted 1808; co.st, .$.)2S.00O. 
 Summit ievel, 101 feet above tide water, and 32 above the 
 Merrimack at Lowell. Breadth at the surface, 30 feet ; at 
 bottom, 20 : depth of water, 3 feet. Lockaae, 136 feet ; 20 
 locks. This and other short canals on the Merrimack, oiien 
 a navigable communication between Boston and Concord, 
 the capital of New Hampshire. Concord is 63 miles N. N. 
 W. of Boston ; .53 S. E. of Dartmouth college ; 67 S. S. 
 E. of Haverhill on Connecticut River ; 45 miles W. N W. of 
 Portsmouth, and 52 miles N. W. of Newburyport. About 18 
 miles above Concord, the waters of the beautiful Winnipis- 
 eoiree Lake meet those of the Merrimack. This lake is about 
 22 miles long, and 7 wide ; 15 miles N. E. of Northfield, N. 
 H. i 27 N. W. of Dover ; and 472 feet above the level of the 
 sea. From Boston, via Concord, 63; Keene, N. H., 118; 
 Brattleborough and Beunington, Vt., 174 ; to Troy, on the 
 Hudson River, near the mouth of the Erie canal, is 204 miles. 
 When the rail-road, from Bennington to Troy, now in prog- 
 ress, is completed, by the construction of 111 miles of rail- 
 road between Bennington and Concord, a large extent of 
 country will be opened to convenient markets, and Boston 
 will have acquired a safe and easy access to the numerous 
 channels of the vast commerce of the west. 
 
 Soittli Hadlcif Canal. Incorporated in 1792. This canal 
 overcomes a fall at South Hadley, by a dam 1100 foet in 
 length, 5 locks, and a cut through solid rock of 40 feet in 
 depth, and 300 in length. 
 
 Alontairae CaaaL This canal is in the toxvn of Montague, 
 on Connecticut River, 20 miles above Northampton, and was 
 constructed for passing falls on tliat river. It is 3 miles in 
 length, with 75 feet lockage, and greatly promotes the navi- 
 gation of the river. 
 
 Btackstone Canal. This canal commences at Worcester, 
 49 miles W. by S. of Boston, and extends to Providence, R. I. 
 length, 45 miles. Completed in 1828. Cost, $600,000. Fall, 
 
 from tho summit at Worcester to tide water at Provi- 
 dence, 451 61-100 feet. 48locks. This canal serves to divert 
 the trade of the large, fertile, and manufacturing county of 
 Worcester and its neighborhood, from Boston to the beau'tifnl 
 and liourishing citv of Providence. By this canal, 45 miles ; 
 Providence River to Newport, 75; and Long Island Sound, 
 170 ; Worcester is 245 miles from the city of New York. Be- 
 fore the completion of a rail-road from Boston to Worcester, 
 a ton of merchandise may be transported from Worcester to 
 New York for 25 per cent, less than to Boston. 
 
 f/ampsliirc and Hampden Canal. This canal is designed to 
 meet the Farmin/rtin Canal (which see). Length, 20 miles. 
 Rise and fall, 998 feet. 
 
 RAIL-aOADS IN MASSACHTr- 
 
 SETTS.— Qniaci R.H. This rail-road extends from the 
 tide waters of Neponset River, 8 miles S. of Boston, to the 
 Pienite or Granite Qiinrrv in Qnincv. Single track of stone 
 andiron. Length, inchiiliii!; the branches, 4 miles. Com- 
 pleted in 1827. The maximiini inclination of the road is 70 
 feet in a mile ; the miiiimnm, 9 feet. An inclined plane, 
 of 375 feet in length, serves to take the stone down an eleva- 
 tion of 85 feet to the road at the foot of the quarry. A vast 
 quantity of this benutifiil material for building is annually 
 wrought by the most skilful workmen, into all dimensions, 
 both plain and ornamental ; and it is fortunate for the public, 
 as ivell as for the liberal iirn].rieiins of the road, that the sup- 
 ply is aliiiiidant,asthedeiiiaiiil for it limn various parts of the 
 United .States is constant nml iiirreasing. 
 Boston and Lomrll R R. 'J'liis riiil-rnad commences at the 
 isterly pan of the city of Boston, by a viaduct ii 
 
 sRii 
 
 ell,< 
 
 !iMe 
 
 ckRii 
 
 25 miles N. W. of lioston. Near ils northern terniinnlion it 
 passes through a ledge of rock, about 900 feet long, and 40 
 high. The cut is 30 feet wide at the bottom, and 60 at the 
 top. The inclination of this road will, in no instance, exceed 
 10 feet per mile. Incorporated in 1830: to be completed in 
 18:11. Single track of stone and iron. This is considered 
 the commencement of a line of rail-roads from Boston to 
 Ogdensbnrg, N. Y. on the St. Lawrence River, at the natu- 
 ral outlet of all the Great Lakes, above the rapids on that 
 river, and 190 miles above Montreal. The route friun Low- 
 ell to reach that point is not vet determined. The distance 
 from Boston to Concord, 63 miles ; Windsor, on Connecticut 
 River, 111; Rutland, 142; Middlebury, 173 ; Burlington, 
 ou Lake Chainplain, 208; acmss the lake to Platlsburg, 
 
 228; and from thence tbroui^h the ci lies of Clinton, 
 
 Franklin, and St. I,„wrencp. in the state of New York, to 
 Ogdensbnrg, is .139 miles. The accomplisbineut of this line 
 of rail-rniids will iiU'i.nl to Bn^Mii , iinil Ibe ri.iiiitry through 
 
 /■••r.il nil- Ill lie l-.'ii. II Mil- I riva small 
 
 pail ,.r Clieliii-r.iiil, Hie ii linle popiilaliuii of u liiell. in 1800, 
 was 1990. The rawliirket i;aiial,at this place, JJ mile in 
 length, for overroiiiiiiL" a fill of 39 feet on the Merrimack 
 River, serves Ihe doiilile purpose of passing boats on the riv- 
 er, and siippli iiig luchaiilR works to almost an unlimited 
 extent. Tins cniial is 90 feet wide, and 4 deep. The first 
 cotton mill at l.ou.ll w.as erected in 1823. There are now 
 10 uulN III ..piiiiiiiiii, and 4 building. These mills are of 
 brick, aliniit l.=,7 feet in length, 45 in breadth, and 5 or 6 
 stones high. The " Machine Shop" is a brick building 290 
 feet hiiig, 45 wide, and 4 stories high. About 200 machinists, 
 iiiiiny of theui of the most approved skill and ingenuity, are 
 foustantly eni[iloyed. About 600 tons of cast and wrought 
 iron, besides a largequantity of steel, are annually converted 
 into machinery of various kinds. The quantity of anthracite 
 coal annually consumed in the mannfacturing establishments 
 is computed to exceed 5000 tons ; besides great quantities of 
 wood and charcoal. When the new mills are completed, 
 there will be 103,380 spindles, and 3,722 looms in operation. 
 The maiiiifactures consist of cotton goods of all qualities; 
 broadcloths, cassimeres, carpeting, rugs, and negro cloth. 
 These mills require annuallv 10,500,000 lbs. of raw cotton, 
 and 670,000 lbs. of wool. Tiie mills now in operation pro- 
 duce annually 25,000,000 yards of cotton cloth ; 2,000,000 
 yards of cotton and woollen negro elolli ; 150,000 yards of 
 cassimeres; 120,000 yards of t:in"i ihl-, ..i h. iiiliful colors 
 and superior texture; besides lim'' i;ii;iiiiii k^ i.f fanciful 
 
 hearth rugs. These mills reqiiin i i nprMiu rs, or hands ; 
 
 the proportion of which is about 1 imilr in .'i I. males. 'I'he 
 operatives at |ireseiit employed receive .SI,900,(HI0 per annum 
 lor their labor. The aimiiiiit of eiipitiil at present invested is 
 about .$ll,r,illl,llOi1. Lowell bus a pnpiilalion of about 13,000. 
 
 Boston and IW.rrrsIrr R. R. Tliif mad commences at the 
 easterly side of Boston, and extends to Worcester, 43 miles. 
 Incorporated in 1831. To be conrpleted in 1834. Kslimaled 
 expense, about $900,000. It is proposed to continue this rail- 
 road to Connecticut River, and from thence to West Stock- 
 bridge, or some other point in the county of Beikshire, to 
 meet the JVcio York and Jilbamj Rail-Road, ijie northerly termi- 
 nation of which is at Greenbush, opposite to .Albany. This 
 rail-road will open a direct channel, alike available at all 
 seasons, from one of the finest grain countries on the globe, to 
 sections of New England, amounting in Ihe aggregate to at 
 least 20,000 square miles, and populated by no less than a 
 million people, whose almost entire dependence for wheat 
 bread, and a large portion of their other bread stiifTs, is on 
 southern markets, from 3 to 700 miles south of Cape Cod. 
 According to the rates of transportation charged b\ the Bal- 
 timore and Ohio Rail-Road Company, a barrel of flour, from 
 .Albany, fresh from the mills, might be landed in Boston by a 
 rail-road, in less than 14 hours, for 86 els. This is, however, 
 the maximum rate. Transportation by rail-roads can be af- 
 forded for much less. With regard to the immense and 
 wide-spreading commerce of the west, in other respects, the 
 mercantile community of Boston and its vicinity are too 
 wise to be insensible of its value. 
 
 Boslmi and Prooidcnce R. R. This rail-way extends from 
 Boston, via Sharon and Foxborough, to Providence, 11. I. 
 40 miles S. W. of Boston. Incorporated in 1831 : to be 
 completed in 1834. Capital, $1,000,000. Public convenience 
 has long required a rail-road in this direction. This route is 
 one of the greatest thoroughfares for travellers in the United 
 States ; and when it is taken into consideiaiion, that ihe 
 i.mmense amount of merchandise continually passing be- 
 tween Boston and the south can pass this road in Viree luiurs, 
 at any eeaeon of the year, instead of going its present course 
 
*'OTer the shoals," and round Cape Cod, a distance of 
 800 miles, from the mouth of Providence River ; and often a 
 voyage attended with great delay as well as risk, it needs no 
 effort to show that this work will prove lucrative to its enter- 
 prising proprietors, and of great public utility. 
 
 Buston and Taunton R. R. Incorporated in 1831. Capi- 
 tal, $1,000,000. From Boston to Taunton, 32 miles S. of 
 Boston. It is proposed to unite Boston and Taunton by 
 a lateral rail-road froni the Boston and Providence RailKoad 
 at Sharon, 18 miles S. S. W. of Boston. Taunton is a large 
 and beautiful manufacturing town, at the head of the navi- 
 
 fable waters of a river of that name, 15 miles N. of Troy, on 
 'all River (also a flourishing manufacturing town) ; 91 miles 
 N. N. E. of Bristol, on Narragansett Bay ; 20 E. N. E. of 
 Providence; 33 N. N. E. of Newport; 20 N. N. W. of 
 New Bedford ; and 75 miles N. W. by N. of Nantucket. 
 
 JJ'ew Bedford is probably the richest town of its population 
 in this country. It has a fine harbor, and is pleasantly located 
 on an arm of Buzzard's Bay, 52 miles S. of Boston, 55 N. 
 W. of Nantucket, and 214 N. E. by E. of New VTork. Popu- 
 lation in 1820, 3,947 ; in 1830,7,592. This town is celebrated, 
 with that of Nantucket, for the enterprise of its citizens in 
 the Whale Fishery. The tonnage of the port of New Bed- 
 ford, in 1832, amounted to 70,400 tons. Ships and barks, 
 180. The produce of the whale fishery, the same year, was 
 38,885 bbls. sperm oil ; 80,872 bbls. whale oil ; and 781,705 
 lbs. of whalebone ; giving employment to about 4,000 men. 
 
 CA.ir.A.I.S IWr CONNECTICtTT.-r<"™- 
 
 ino-toii Canal. This canal commences at New Haven, and 
 passes through Hampden, Cheshire, Southington, Farming- 
 ton, Sirasbury and Granby, to the Massachusetts line at South- 
 wick, 58 miles N. of New Haven. From thence it will pass 
 through Westlield and East Hampton to Northampton, by 
 the Hampshire and Hampden Canal, 20 miles ; total length, 78 
 miles. The Connecticut part of the canal has 218 feet lock- 
 age, and a basin of 20 acres at New Haven. Completed in 
 1831, and cost $600,000. The great design of this canal is to 
 place New Haven in a position to compete with Hartford, 
 and other towns ou Connecticut River, for the valuable 
 trade of the extensive, luxuriant, and highly cultivated val- 
 ley of the Connecticut River. JVeio Haven is a semi-capital 
 of the state ; a city of unrivalled beauty ; of considerable 
 foreign commerce, and renowned for its literary institutionSj 
 and the enterprise of its people. Situated on Long Island 
 Sound, 75 miles N. E. of New York ; 34 S. of Hartford ; 108 
 S. E. by S. of Albany ; and 64 miles W. N. W. of Montauk 
 Point. Population in 1830, 7,147 ; in 1830, 10,678. Hartford, 
 the twin capital of the state, is a city of great beauty, and 
 possesses all the spirit of enterprise which characterizes her 
 sister. New Haven. Hartford has become celebrated, and 
 will ever receive the benedictions of philanthropists, for 
 having established, within her borders, the first asylum for 
 the deaf and dumb on the continent of America. Hartford 
 has about 10,000 tons of shipping, a large amount of interior 
 trade, and considerable foreign commerce. Situated at the 
 head of ship navigation on the Connecticut, 42 miles N. 
 of Long Island Sound i 64 W. S. W. of Providence ; 97 S. 
 of Boston i 101 S. E. of Albany ; and 110 N. E. of New York. 
 Population, 1820, 4,726 ; 1830, 9,789. 
 
 J^orthampton, at the northern termination of this canal, is 
 one of the most beautiful towns in Massachusetts. It has con- 
 siderable inland trade, and is the centre of large and increas- 
 ing manufactures. Population in 1820, 2,854; 1830, 3,618. 
 This place is located in the heart of a basin of fine alluvial 
 soil of great fertility and extent, adorned with rich and 
 variegated scenery ; and in a valley which health, and beauty, 
 and all the social and moral virtues, seeui to have selected as 
 their favorite abode. 
 
 Enfield Canal. Length, 5^ miles. Constructed to pass En- 
 field Falls on Connecticut River, and for hydraulic purposes ; 
 2 stone locks of 10 feet lift, each 90 foet by 20. This canal 
 adds 40 miles to the steam-boat navigation uf that river. In- 
 corporated in 1824. 
 
 Ci)Ll7AI.S AKH RiVII.-ROASS IZr 
 OTHER STjA-TES. 
 
 Chesapeake and Delaware Canal. (See Delaware, under Cen- 
 sus.) Jfewcaslle and Frenehtown R. R. This road runs nearly 
 parallel to the C. and D. Canal. It varies but 8.53 feet from a 
 straight line. Single track. It has 6 curve and 6 straight 
 lines. The curve lines vary from 1,939, to 8,296 feet. The 
 radii of the 3 smaller curves, 10,560 feet each ; the radius of 
 the largest, 20,000 feet. Aggregate of curve lines, 5-16 
 miles ; of the straight lines, li-3 miles. The graduation of 
 the road varies from 10 6-12, to 16 4-12 feet a mile. For about 
 4,000 feet, the inclination is 29 feet a mile. The amount of 
 excavation of earth, exclusive of the side drains, 500,000 ; 
 and of embankment, 420,000 cubic yards. The road crosses 
 4 viaducts, and 29 culverts of stone masonry. Width, 26 feet. 
 Cost, including locomotive engines, and accommodations at 
 the termini, $400,000. 
 
 Cumberland and Qtford Canal, Maine. This canal extends 
 from the city of Portland to Sebago Pond,20i miles. Sebago 
 Pond is 12 miles in length ; greatest breadth about 6. By the 
 construction of a lock. Long Pond and other waters are 
 united with it ; making the natural and artificial navigation 
 50 miles. Completed in 1829. Cost, $211,000. 
 
 Dismal Swamp Canal, Virginia. Thi.s canal connects the 
 Chesapeake Bay with Albemarle Sound, N. C. Length, 
 22J miles. Capital, $360,000. 40 feel wide, OJ deep. Com- 
 pleted, 1822. 
 
 James and Jackson River Canal and ^avi/ration, \ii. This 
 navigation commences at a basin in Richmond, and extends 
 to GoochLand C. H., 304 miles. Depth, 3J feet. Completed 
 in 1825. Cost, $623,295. There is also a canal on James 
 River, around Irish Falls ; 7 miles in length, and 96 feet 
 lockage. Cost, $340,000. There are many other costly im- 
 provements on the rivers of Virginia, either completed or in 
 progress. 
 
 Manchester Rail-Road, Va. This road extends from Man- 
 chester, 33 miles N. W. of Williamsburg, to the coal mines. 
 Single track. Length, 13 miles. 
 
 Weldon Canal, North Carolina. This canal passes around 
 
 25 
 
 the falls on the Roanoke, near Weldon, 75 milei N. G. from 
 Raleigh. Length, 13 miles. Lockage, 100 feet. 
 
 Santet Canal, South Carolina. Length, 22 miles. Between 
 Saniee and Cooper's Rivers, 30 miles above Charleston. 
 Completed, 1802. Cost, S650,6G7. 
 
 Winyaw Canal, S. C. This canal unites the Santee River 
 with Winyaw Bay. Length, 10 miles. 
 
 The Charleston and Hamburg Rail-Road extends from the 
 city of Charleston, S. C, to HamburR, on Savannah River, 
 opposite to Augusta, Ga. Length, 135 miles. Completed in 
 lti33. Cost, $700,000. Constructed of wood, with tracks of 
 iron, and designed for steam locomotive engines. 
 
 Savannah and Ogecchte Canal, Georgia. This canal unites 
 the waters of the Ogeechee and Savannah Rivers, at the 
 city of Savannah. Length, 16 miles; depth, .5 feel. Lock- 
 age, 29 feet. Commenced in 1825. Completed in 1829. 
 Cost, $i()2,276. It 13 proposed to extend this canal to the River 
 Alatamaha. Estimated cost, $G21,156. 
 
 The Alatajnaha and Brunswick Rail-Road, from Brunswick 
 to the Alatamaha, is 12 miles in length, and was commenced 
 in 1832. 
 
 J^ew Orleans and Teche Canal. A work in progress from 
 the Mississippi River, opposite to New Orleans, to the waters 
 which unite with Teche River, at Berwick's Bay. Length, 
 100 miles. 
 
 I^ke Pontchartrain Rail-Road^ from New Orleans. (See 
 Louisiana, under Census.) 
 
 Louisville and Portland Canal, Kentucky. Incorporated in 
 1S25. Completed in 1831. Length, 2 miles. Breadth at 
 the surface, 200 feet ; at bottom, 50. This canal was con- 
 structed to overcome a fall of 24 feet, on the Ohio River, at 
 Louisville. The entire bed of this canal is excavated 
 through a ledge of lime rock, and a part of it to the depth of 12 
 feet. Its locks, bridges, &c. are built in the most substantial 
 manner, and contain 41,989 perches of stone masonry. It is 
 a work of great utility as well as great expense. 827 boats, 
 406 of which were steam-boats, passed this canal in 104 days 
 in 1831. ft is calculated that there will annually pass this 
 canal about half as much tonnage as is employed in the 
 coasting trade of the United States. 
 
 Lexington and Ohio Rail-Road, Ky. Incorporated in 1830. 
 Commenced in 1831. Capital. $1,000,000. This road extends 
 from Lexington to Frankfort, on Kentucky River, 25 miles ; 
 and from thence to the Ohio River, near Shippingport, 2 
 miles below Louisville. Total length, 66 miles. The maxi- 
 mum grade of this rail-way is 30 feet a mile ; and the mini- 
 mum curvature, 1,000 feet radius. Constructed for locomo- 
 tive steam engines of great power and speed. 
 
 Illinois and Michigan Rail-Road. This rail-road will com- 
 mence at Chicago, at the head of Lake Michigan, and ex- 
 tend to the foot of the rapids on Illinois River. Length, SSJ 
 miles. Rise and full, 195 feet. From the termination of this 
 rail-road, the Illinois is navigable about .300 miles to the Mis- 
 sissippi, 18 miles above the mouth of the Missouri River. 
 Chicago is likely to become an iniportant depot of western 
 rommerce. It is about 340 miles S. W. of Mackinaw. From 
 thence by Lake Huron, and Lake and River St. Clair, to 
 Detroit, it is 273 miles. Total distance, by navigable waters, 
 from Chicago to New York, 1450 miles. 
 
 There are other Canals in the United States of less magni- 
 tude ; many of which are for the improvement of rivers and 
 hydraulic purposes. Acts of incorporation have been passed 
 for a great number of other Rail- Roads in different sections of 
 the United States, some of which are in progress, and others 
 
 'illi 
 
 I be ( 
 
 need. 
 
 CUMBERIiAND or GREAT AVESTERN ROAD. 
 
 This is a great national turtipike, commencing on the Potomac 
 River, at Cumberland, Alleghany co., Md. 135 miles N. VV. by 
 W. of Baltimore, and 132 from Washington. This road 
 passes the Ohio River at Wheeling, Va., 357 miles N, W. of 
 Richmond, and nearly equi-distant from Washington and 
 Baltimore (264 miles), by land ; and by water, 91 miles be- 
 low Pittsburg; 358 aboVe Cincinnati, and 1838 miles N. £. 
 by E. above New Orleans. From Wheeling this road ex- 
 tends through the states of Ohio, via Zanesville : Indiana, via 
 Indianapolis; and Illinois, via Vandalia; to Missouri, at or 
 near St. Louis, a distance of about 750 miles. A considera- 
 ble part of the road is completed in the most substantial 
 manner, and the remainder is in progress. By a number of 
 short canals the Potomac is made navigable to Cumberland. 
 This road has already cost the United States more than 
 $2,000,0U0. 
 
 CA.l!fA.1*S TN BRITISH AIHERICA.- 
 
 WcUand Cutiat, U. C. Completed in 1829. This canal is 53 
 feet wide at top, 26 at bottom, and 8 feet deep. Locks, 
 35. Capital stock, £200,000. (See the Qreat Lakes.) 
 
 Ridcau Canal, U. C. This canal connects Lake Ontario, 
 near Kingston, with Grand or Ottawa River, for sloop 
 navigation. Length, 160 miles. Completed in 1833. The 
 Ottawa is.'iOO miles in length, and forms the boundary line 
 between U. and L. Canada. It rises N. of Lake Huron, 
 joins the St. Lawrence near Montreal, and is an important 
 channel of the N. W. or Hudson Bay fur trade. Cost, about 
 £1,000,000 sterling. 
 
 La C/une Canal, on the Island of Montreal. Length, 9 
 miles. Constructed to avoid the rapids of St. Lewis. Cost, 
 £220,000. 
 
 CANALS are of great anliquilv. The first cinal we 
 real of is that of the Red Sea and J^-ite across the Isthmus of 
 Suez, 12.") miles ; commenced 616, and completed 521 years 
 before the Christian era. The J^aviglio Orandc, near Milan, 
 in Italy, was constructed in 1257. Locks, to pass boats 
 froip one level to another, were invented by two Italian 
 brothers, in 1481, and were first constructed on the Martase- 
 na Canal, in 1497. The first canal in France is that of the 
 Loire and Seine, 34^ miles. Commenced 1605, and complet- 
 ed 1642. The cost of this canal wns $3,700,000 ; about the 
 cost of the Erie canal, considering the dilfercnce in the valoe 
 of nioiicy. There were, in lb32, 900 miles of canal in 
 
26 
 
 France. Peter the Great, of Riimia, commenced the canni 
 
 ofiiiio^ra, ana two others, in 1713. By canals Mil rivers, 
 Ru.s.sia now enjoys an inland navigation from St. Petersburg 
 to the frontiers of Ciiina, a distance of 4472 miles, and an 
 inland navigation of 14:14 miles from the Baltic to Astrachan, 
 on the borders of the Caspian Sea. The first canal in Great 
 Britain was the Sarikey^ 12 miles ; for which an act of parlia- 
 ment was passed in 1755. In IT.W, the Duke of Briiieewater 
 obtained an act for his stupendous enterprise. By his own 
 means, he constructed a canal from Manchester to his coal 
 mines at VVorsley, 40 ms. in lenjth ; IB of which are said 
 to be under ground. By the duke's munificence, the inhab- 
 itants of iMancliester enjoy the privilege of being supplied 
 with coals at 4d. for 140 lbs. In 1820, there were 2612 miles 
 of canal in Great Brilain. The Imperial Canal, in China, 
 from Pekin to Yellow Kiver, 500 ms. in length, is the longest 
 
 canal in the worll. A r'oi>g& kind of i^it-road wat uied In 
 
 Englind, for taking coals from the mines, as early as 167G> 
 but the era for the transportation of merchandise and passctw 
 pers, by means of rail-roads, coinntenced with the construc- 
 tion of tile Slocktnn and Darlington Rad-Road, in England, in 
 182.1. Length, 3-2 ms. The greatest Work of the kind in 
 England, is that of the Liucrpaal and Manchester, :12 ms. It 
 w,as completed in 1830. In 1831,2300 passengers and 405 
 tons of goods were conveyed over this rail-w:iy in one day^ 
 It is stilted that a locomotive carriage has passed from one 
 to\vn to the other in thirty-three minutes. The net income 
 of this rail-way from January Isl to June 30th, 1831, wai 
 $141,567. The Lyons and St. Etienne Rail-Ruad, in France, 
 35 ms. ; double track ; rails of wrought iron, supported by 
 stone i was completed in 1831, and cost $1,813,870. 
 
 
 
 
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 horses. 
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 264 
 
 66 
 
 
 STATISTICS OF THE MALIGNANT CHOLERA. 
 
 in which the 
 of India have been c: 
 In the towns of Arabi 
 in Persia i in Mesopota 
 
 The common scourge of mankind, under the above name. 
 Is so terrific in its approach, and rapid in its course, as to 
 preclude, in a great measure, the possibility of those who 
 witness it from giving a minute detail of its ravaces. With 
 few exceptions, these accounts are taken from the journals 
 of the day, and are, probably, as correct, as far as they go, 
 as anv that can at present be obtained. A general view, 
 therefore, of its course and devastation, can only be expect- 
 ed under such circumstances, and in a work of this kind. 
 
 This disease is said to have manifet-ted itself first in Au- 
 gust, 1817, at Jessore, a capital city of a district in Bengal, 
 lUO miles N. E. of Calcutta. In Sept. following, it reached 
 Calcutta, and soon after e.vtended its ravages to many other 
 cities of llindostan. From Hindostan it spread itself indis- 
 criminately into various other parts of Asia. In 18.(0, it in- 
 vade.l European Russia, Pol.ind, Austria, Germany, Hungi- 
 ry. and other states of Europe. The Cluarterlv Review 
 says: " Up to M,ay, 1811, we knnv of six hundred and fifty 
 six eruptions of cholera in Asia and F.uroite. In the 14 years 
 
 ragel, one si\th of the inhabitants 
 
 ed off; one third of those dwelling 
 one sixth of those of the same rinss 
 ia, one fourth ; in Armenia, a filYh ; 
 in .'^yria, a tenth ; in Russia, a twentieth of the population 
 of the infected provinces, up to May, 1831, and there the 
 malady has made fresh progress and carried off more vic- 
 tims. In India, as the disease has existed during the whole 
 of the 14 years, M. de Jennes calcul.ites the mortality at 2J 
 millions anuuallv, which would give a total of about 
 3J,00>,000 i in order, however, to understite, he reduces the 
 number to 18,000,000 for Hindostan iaod, taking the mortality 
 for the rest of the world from China to Warsaw, to amount 
 to about 31,0) ),000, arrives at the conclusion that 50,000,000 
 of our race have perished, in 14 years, of a disease which, 
 In 1817, e.xisted only in a few spots of the Presidency of 
 Beniral." 
 
 In India, from its invasion to its disappearance, the dura- 
 tion varied from five days to six weeks i but, in certain 
 places, it remained much longer. It ravaged Calcutta to the 
 end of May, IS18 ; Bombay, from August, 1818, to February, 
 1819; and remained in Pekin three years, where the mor- 
 tality was so great that the dead were buried at the expense 
 of the state. In Europe, its durations were shorter. It re- 
 mained at Berlin from the 30th of Aug. to the 13th of Dec, 
 1831 ; at Breslaw from October to December ; and at Vienna 
 from the 14th of Sept., 1831, to the 16th of Feb., 1832. In 
 Hunoary, the number of cases is stated at 537,199 ; deaths, 
 237,068: in Gallicia, 260,1183 cases, and 97,780 deaths. In 
 Dantzic, there was 1 patient to 18 of the inhabitants, and 1 
 death to 60 ; at Posen, 1 patient to 44, and 1 death to 58 ; at 
 liOmburg, 1 patient to 9, and I death to 13. 
 
 In India and Europe, its path has generally been from east 
 to west i but its deviation from that course has been fre- 
 quently noted. Rivers appear to serve as conductors for the 
 cholera, but it lias been known to cross them at right angles, 
 and ascend a hilly country. It is said that in India its prog- 
 ress was from IS to 18 miles a day. 
 
 In October, 1331, the cholera appeared at Sunderland, in 
 Kngland, 260 miles N. by W. of London. It invaded Lon- 
 don in February, 1833 ; and, in the course of 50 days, it ex- 
 tended to other sections of Great Britain, and to the French 
 capital. The number of deaths in London, in 1831, was 
 25,337 ; in 1339, 23,fi03 ; of the latter, 3,200 were by cholera. 
 From its commencement in London to April 2,^th, therewere 
 2,532 cases, and 1,3,14 deaths. The deaths in Paris, in 20 
 days, were 8,198. The number of deaths in France, to the 
 l8t of Aug., 1832, is stated to have been 69,159 ; in England 
 and Scotland, to the 1st of Sept., 47,874 cases, and 17,684 
 deaths; in Ireland, to Aug. 19th, 22,865 cases, and 7,119 
 deaths. In Dublin, there were 9,252 cases, and 2,775 deaths ; 
 Liverpool, to Aug. 31st, 1832, 4,646 cases, 1,397 deaths ; Glas- 
 gow, to Aug. 15, 4,164 cases, 1,993 deaths ; Cork, 3,305 eases, 
 
 813 deaths; Edinburgh, lo Julv 2,5th, 796 cases, 467 deaths ; 
 Belfast, 2,.559 cases, 303 de.aths ; Leith, to 2jth of July, 194 
 cases, and 112 deaths. 
 
 On the 8th day of June, 1832, the cholera manifested itself 
 at Quebec, the capital of the Canad.as, 3000 miles distant 
 across the ocean, to the nearest infected spot in Euro|te. The 
 population of Quebec, both resident and transient, was esti- 
 mated at 32,000. Cases, to Sept. 9d, 5,783; deaths, 2,913. 
 On the 10th of June, it appeared .at Montreal, 166 miles from 
 Quebec. Cases, to Sept. aist, 4,J90 ; ileaths, J,n04. Popula- 
 tion, 9,^,000. The disease reached its masimiini at Montreal 
 in 9 d.avs, at Quebec in 7. "The course of the epidemic in 
 Canada was along the St. Lawrence, alTerling the villages 
 that line its banks, and extending to tne farms of the open 
 country. From the ft. Lawrence, it spread along the shores 
 of Ontario, skirted Lake Erie, arrived at Detroit, and has 
 penetrated bv Lake Superior to the Mississippi." 
 
 This epidemic first invaded the United States, at the city 
 of New York, June 94, 1339,391 miles sotith of Montreal, 
 without a possibility to Ir.ace its iniiuediate origin. The Hist 
 suhjert of it was an old resilient of the ritv. No pl-ire on 
 the line of communication between .\ew York and Canaila 
 w IS attacked with the disease previous to its appearance in 
 that city. Even Albany, the great half-way house between 
 New York and Montreal, remained untouched until the 3d 
 of Julv. Cases in Albany, to Sept. 8, 1146; deaths, 418. 
 Population, 2i,000. 
 
 It is impossilile to get the true population of cities in sea- 
 sons of an alarming epidemic. The p.ipiil.iiiou of New 
 York, during the prevalence of cholera, was estimated at 
 140,000. Many suppo.seil the number to have been less. The 
 niiiiiber of deaths in New York, in 1831, with a population, 
 resident and transient, of .at least 22.1,0)0, was 6,363; in 
 1832, n,3,50. This goes to show, as in the cases of London 
 and Philadelphia, that where malignant cholera prevails, 
 other diseases exist to a greater extent. Cases in New York 
 from July 4 to Aug. 23, 5,314 ; deaths, 2,93.5. \Vliole uiinihcr 
 of deaths from its'conimencemenl to its termination, in Oc- 
 lober, 3,515. Ratio of deaths to cases, 1 to 2. The climax 
 of the epidemic arrived July 21, on which day 311 new 
 cases were reported. Of the deaths in New York, 998 were 
 (of 530 cases) at Bellevne Alms-house, three miles distant 
 from where the first case occurred. The first case ut this 
 place was that of an old woman, on the 27lh of June, who 
 had been confined to the house a number of years, and 
 who could not have become infected by any external com- 
 munication. 
 
 With the exception of a very limited number of cases at 
 New Haven, Newport, Providence, Boston, Troy, and a few 
 Other places, all that part of the United States lying east of 
 the Hudson River has been entirely exempted from the rav- 
 ages of this gieat destroyer. 
 
 The first case of this epidemic in Philadelphia, appeared 
 on the 51h of July, 1832 ; the second on the 9th ; hut its in- 
 fluence did not acquire its full sway until the 27th. Dis. 
 tance from New York, 83 miles ; Montreal, 460. " JVo -possi- 
 i}\t circumstance to account for the disease, by eommunieation, ex- 
 isted." The population of Philadelphia, wilhin the bills of 
 mortality, was 160,000; but it must be granted that many 
 people left the city. The number of cases in this city to 
 Sept. 13th, was 2,314 ; deaths, 935. Ratio of deaths to cases, 
 1 to 21. Many cases in private practice were not reported. 
 The disease reached its climax on the 7th of August. At 
 Arch-street Prison, it appeared with great violence ; 86 cases, 
 46 deaths. It appears, by observations made in this city. 
 New York, and elsewhere, that the period of life most liable 
 to attack, is from 50 to 60 ; and that most exempt, from 2 to 
 10 years. The proportion in regard to sexes in this city, was 
 59 30-100 males to 40 70-100 females. Ratio of cases to white 
 population, 1 to 74 ; do. of cases to black do., I to 41. Not- 
 withstanding the decrease of the resident and transient pop- 
 ulation of Philadelphia, during the period of cholera, ths 
 
mortality in Juno, July and August, 1839, after deducting the 
 deatlia bv cholera, exceeded Ihat of the same months in 1831, 
 425. Tlie citv of Philndelphii, previous to her incomparable 
 water-works being in operation, suffered severely by yellow 
 fever ; but nnl*ke yellow fever, wliicli always located itself 
 in the must filthy p irt of the city, ihe chulen ditfused itself 
 Imliscrrininritcly over every portion of her wide and beauti- 
 ful doNiaii). 
 
 To cnnirist the mortality hy cholera with that by yellow 
 fever in Phila-Jetphia, ii mny be well to mention, that, from 
 Au"tist ath to Octuber 8th. 1793, there were Hil7 deaths; 
 and during the same period in 179d, 2773. Popniarinn, in 
 179J, ahoit 51,0)1 ; in 1798, 91,033. It Wiis calculated that 
 in I79:i, 17,000 inhabitants left the city, and in 1798, 50,00). 
 
 In Baltimore, the number of death:^, bv rholL-ra, to Sept. 
 29tli, 18 i9, was 710; in Norfolk, to Sept. 'Hth, -tO;) ; in Cin- 
 cinnati, from May 1st to Aujr. 7lh, I8;i:i, 3-17; in Na.-»hville, 
 from Marcti 2rtli to Jtilv 12th, 27 whites and 50 hiarks. The 
 diseise appeared in New Orleans, 0-:rot.er 27ili, 18 2, iumI 
 h^s raged, at dlJf.irent periods sincu tbat lime, wiih L-reat se- 
 verity, particularly among the black popiilaii.jn- It is srared 
 that ills />c;ant'iri/"lo-!s to I.ouisi-ina, by Ihe death of slave:>. 
 has already amounted to f.mr million d.illar^. 
 
 TheclDkri ass,nled tlie H ivan i, on the islnnrl nf Cuba, 
 in lit. 21^9' N., no tlitf 2 ih i.f Feb. i6^i, and continue I its 
 ravases until the 2nii iif April. Ninnb.-r of deaths, 8,2 >'. 
 The^limax of tha diseise arrived on the 27ih of March, 
 when :i8) died. In I8t), the populati m of Hav;ina aiul its 
 suburbs was 49.82'i, «.f which Iti, ::!9 were si ives, siiid a 
 iirgp nrn'ier frei ne-iro?-;. Of 7, H5 dditU^, whi h wt-re 
 particularly noticed, 2,"} i5 were white, an I ^,V\) cnl.irtid 
 peopla; :t,95i miles, :*,181 females. Of tlie deillis among 
 the whites, th^re were, ^ft-rtca^,-, 7.'.1 milj*. 8JI frt,uil-js, 
 S^auirrf.-, 414 males, 51 female-; foret^um, ;12 m Ue^, II 
 femiles, an iHer-'nuc I, 13) m ile^ 8(3 fe iial^s. Of thtf col- 
 ore I pipilation, Ji ri-fin nrrro N'«rcv,9rtl m il^s, 59') females , 
 creule. slatci, 2l9 males, 2VJ temales j free African nr^rvr.s, 
 492 males, 521 females, free crcole Hfljra-.s-, 4.)8 male-*, ivV? 
 females; free create muliUves, 2*8 males, 301 females, 
 sliue crPoU muliUors, 12 male-*, 92 females; widftrrmutrd, 
 270 males, 127 fe uales. The free African negroes sulf-red 
 the most severely. The m>>rfal;tv wa< great st among the 
 whites ar the period of hfe from 20 to tO ; am.in-: tli-- n.lort-d 
 people, from 3) t.i 43. The aged, an 1 cliil.lren fr -m lonii [(. 
 10 ye irs, were much less prone h> tlie disc i-^e than a lulls. 
 The dijiease first appeared without the w:ills of the city, but 
 Boon became gt-neriJ. The weilthy portion of the city was 
 most e.Tempt. The disease soon e.\tended to Mat in/.as, on 
 Cuba, 60 miles east uf Havana, and to manv other islands 
 of the West Indies. 
 
 The chiilera still prevails in manv jiarts of Europe; 
 Ihe number uf cases in Lisbon to Julv, Id.M, was (1,770, 
 deaths, 3,2d0. It is now (October, Jb3t) extending its 
 ravages in almost every section of the western and south- 
 western parts of the United States, with various degrees of 
 malignity, and has extended to Mexico, bv which its capital 
 city, it is stated, had lost, to Julv, 1833, 14,000 of its people. 
 
 All that can be said in regard to the caiWB^ of Maliunant 
 Cholera, is, that there is known to be a malign epidemic 
 principle universally existing; but the nature, origin and 
 character of that principle remain unknown. It appears 
 to have a strong affinity to that class of diseases to which 
 the common Cholera Morbus is attached ; for the ercithig 
 causes and symptoms, in the^r^t stairey are almost universally 
 the same i but, at its .«coHd stage, it generally lakes a tj pe 
 entirely its own, and follows, with hasty steps, a path to 
 death, distinct frum any other known disease. 
 
 The exciting causes are numerous— exressea of all sorts, 
 bad food, such as dried and other indigestible meats, shell 
 fish, half-cooked vegetables, unripe fruits or berries, raw 
 or cooked, (poisonous at all times, particularly to children,) 
 cucumbers, melons, and other watery vegetables, or fruits, 
 ripe fruit, (unless in very small qtiantities, or properly cook- 
 ed,) all impure liquids, and any that uive an unnatural ghtw 
 or chill to tlie system, quack doses, and many other things 
 that common sense and experience dictate to all. 
 
 It is confid.'Otly believed by many, that if people, in sea- 
 eons of cholera, would live ENTiHELTon good meat, boiled 
 or roasted, bread and rice, butter and clieese, a common al- 
 lowance of tea and coffee, a temperate quantity of pure wine, 
 keep themselves dry, warm and cleanly, wear a woollen 
 jacket close to the skin, and avoid, as much as possi' le, tlie 
 evening and night air, foetid atmospheres, and crowded and 
 unventilated rooms, very seldom a case of death would oc- 
 cur by cholera, let it rage ammig intemperate eaters and 
 drinkers and the slovenly, to what extent it may. 
 
 As the cholera is a disease " to be prevented, not cured,'* let 
 all travellers and others, who may become either necessarily 
 or heedlessly exposed by any of its exciting causes, be std- 
 einnly admonished, particularly in seasons of cholera, that 
 deliy in attention to diarrhaea, or any other premonitory 
 symptoin of cholera, is dangerous in the titrcmc; that medi- 
 cal asfliBtance should be immediately obtained ; and in cases 
 of persons going on journeys or voyages, medical advice 
 Bhould always be acquired before depaiture ; and such med- 
 icineii and directions procured, as to enable them to check 
 it at the onset : for, be it remembered, the second stage is 
 nigh to death. 
 
 ftlany learned men are of the opinion that the disease com- 
 monly called Malignant Cholera, Asiatic Cholera, or Cholera 
 Asphyxia, is not of recent origin, but of ancient date. '* The 
 learned M Montbrion carries the origin of this scourge of the 
 present age to a very remote period of antiquity. He believes it 
 to be the same epidemic to which 70,0J0 of King David's sub- 
 jects became victims, from Oan even to Reerslieba. He again 
 finda traces of it in the History of Josephus, in the works of 
 
 27 
 
 Hippocrates and Arathen of Cappadoeia, and says it was of 
 this malady that the Emperor Trajan died in the year 117, in 
 the city of Silencis. The Black Pestilence, which depopulated 
 the three parts of the world, and carried off one third of the 
 men livinn, about the middle of the 14th century, appears to 
 be the epidemic denominated, at the present day, jisiatic 
 Cholera. Dr. Brossais is of this opinion." 
 
 Doctor Waterhouse, of Massachusetts, says, " Sydenham, 
 who has been called the British Hippocrates, speaks cif ii 
 thus : — The cholera viorbiD was more epidemical in li.67 than 
 I ever knew it liefore. it was accompanied with violent 
 vomitings, and difficult evacuitions downwards. Tlierfl 
 was a violent pain and inflammation of the bowels, a heart- 
 burn, thirst, with heat and anxiety, nausea, and a small une- 
 qual pulse, sometimes cold sweat, and spasms of the legs 
 and arms, and such like symptoms, which frighten the by- 
 st mderSj.and kill the patient in twenty-four hours.^' 
 
 After quoting tivo learned physicians of antiquity— Cffiijits 
 Jinrelianus and Jiretanis—Dx. Vv. says,— " Here we see the 
 strong lines of the disense, as they were marked out, two 
 th,ius;inii years auo, bv two admirable physicians, who are 
 leserveiilv ranke i a.n mg :he princes if the :irt. Two hun- 
 .ire4 years ago, the clulera morbus was treated of by Fyden- 
 li iui,'in Eu' land , and about the same time by his rountiy- 
 nnn, the very lenrneil and admirable anatomist and physi- 
 cian, Dr. Tlinmas Willis, umler the name of unbU.ody di;sen- 
 ferii. In a wtjr i, the disease has been noticed, from lime to 
 tiiiie, fmm the earlie-t records of medicine." 
 
 Alth .u-ii liie rliuleni is instly considered a formidable en- 
 efuvof niankni I, \et, when its ravages are compared with 
 iho'se of tliH plague in ancient times, it shrinks into compar- 
 ative- iusiuniiicance. We are t,.ld that the whole e;irth was 
 visited by a plaL'ue 7 - years before the Christian era. The 
 great plViiue which overran alm(^^t the wln.le world, in the 
 I4th ceiitiiry, cntiitneuced, as di 1 the clmlera, in Asia. Pre- 
 vio'is t.i its nppear .nre, and durinii its ravages, the elements 
 weie in a state of general ccmvulsitm. ^ tiange meteorultjgit al 
 plien >meii i incurreil, accompanied with terrible earthijuakes, 
 
 " U aro-e in Chi Ta, Tartiry, India and Egypt, about the 
 year 1345. It wa^ ascribed to a general cdrrupiion of the at- 
 mospliL-re, accompanied hy the appearance of millitms ot 
 sunll serpents, and {*ther venomous insects . and, in oilier 
 places, .piautiiies of hu^e vermin, with numerous legs and 
 uf I hideous aspect, which filled the air with putrid e.\hala- 
 li.ms. At Rome, an earthquake threw down a great number 
 of houses, steeples and cliun lies. At Naples, there was an 
 eai-thijuake, accompanied with a tremendous hurricane, 
 which de.stroyed a greU portion of Ihe city. 
 
 "'I'he plague e.xtended its ravages frtun India inlnthemore 
 western parts of .Asia, into Egypt, Abyssinia, and thence 
 into the northern part of Africa. It proceeded over Asia Mi- 
 nor, fireece, an.l the isl:inds in the Archipelago, almost de- 
 pi)|mlating the regions over which it stalked. It appears to 
 have staid five or six months in one place, and then to have 
 gone in sear'^h of fresh victims. Its symptoms were the same 
 in all countries. It generally appeared in the groin or under 
 the armpits, whpre swellings were produced, which bntke 
 into sores, attended with fever, spitting and vomiting of 
 lilood. The patient frequently died in half a day — generally 
 within a day or two, at the most. If he survived the third 
 day, there was hope ; though even then many fell into a deep 
 sleep, from which they never awoke. 
 
 " Before the pestilence entered Christendom, it is recorded, 
 in a report made to the pope at Avignon, that it swept away 
 23,80'J,000 persons, throughout the East, in the course of a sin- 
 gle year. Frimi (Ireece, the plague passed into Italy. Tlie 
 Veneiiins, having lost 100,000 souls, fled from their city, and 
 left it almost uninhabited. At Florence, tSO.OOO persons died 
 in one yeir. France next became exposed to its ravages. At 
 Avignon, the mortality was horrible, (.if the members of the 
 English college tliere, not one was left alive; and of the 
 whole inhabitants of the citj-, not one in five escaped. 
 Streams of putrid sore issued fnun the graves and sepulchres 
 of the dead. The malady proceeded norilnvard through 
 France, till it reached Paris, where it cut off 50,000 people. 
 About the same time, it spread into Germany, where its rav- 
 ages are estimated at the enormmis amount of 12,400,000 
 souls. According to concuriing accounts of several writers, 
 at Lubeck alone, 90, '100 persims died in one year, of whom 
 1500 are reported to have died in the space of four hours. 
 
 " At last, this fearful scourge began to be felt in England. 
 About the beginning of .\ugust, 1318, it appeared in the sea- 
 port towns on the coasts of Dorset, Devon and Somerset- 
 shire, whence it proceeded to Bristol. 
 
 *' '1 he people of Gloucestershire immediately interdicted all 
 intercourse with Bristol, but in vain. The disease ran, or 
 rntber flew, over Gloucestershire. Thencp it spread to Ox- 
 ford ; and about the 1st of November reached London. Fi- 
 nally, it spread itself all over England, scattering every 
 where such destruction, that, out of the whole population, 
 hardly one in ten was left alive." 
 
 It is stated as a fact that not one king or prince, of any na- 
 tion, died of this disease. No doubt those august personages, 
 both Christian and infidel, adopted a temperate mode of liv- 
 ing, and paid particular attention to personal cleanliness. 
 
 London was again visited by the plague in 1407, when 
 33,000 people were destroyed ; again in 1604, when, it is 
 stated, a quarter part of the inhabitants died ; and again in 
 lb65, when its loss was 68,000. The plague raged at Con 
 stantinople, in 1611, and carried off 200,000 of its peojde. 
 Bassorah suffered the loss of 80,000, in 1773; Tunis, 32,000, 
 in 1764 ; Egypt, 800,000, in 1792. Smyrna has frequently 
 suffered by the plague ; in 1784, 20,000 died ; in 1814, 30,000 ; 
 and more recently its loss has been severely felt by the same 
 calamity. 
 
 Annual Mortality of some of the ( hief Cities of Europe and the United States. 
 
 ndon, 1 ill 40; Manchester, 1 in 44 ; trlajgow, I in 44 ; Pans, Lt/uns, Barcelona and Strasburg, 1 in 32; Geneva, 1 in 43 ; 
 hegkora, 1 in 35 ; Berlin, 1 in 34 ; JVire and Palermo, 1 in 31 ; Madrid, 1 in 29 ; J\^aplcs, 1 in 28 ; Brussels, 1 in 26 ; Rome, 1 
 
 , 1 in 22.^ i St. Petersburg, 1 in 37 ; Boston, 1 
 * '-- 35 41-100 ; Charleston, 1 in 31^^. 
 
 I 4-1 2J-100 ; JVetr York, 1 in 37 63-100 ; Phi- 
 
 cleanliness of 
 
 I8:n, 1 
 
 in 2>; Atnsterdam, 1 in 21; Vien>h 
 ladelpkia, 1 in 45ti8.10'J; Baltimon 
 
 That civilization, and the conseqiien 
 that in London, in 1751, the mortality 
 born there now has five times the e.xpeclatiou 
 
 LuKotriTv IN Europe. Parr, an Euglishtn 
 died in 1670, aged 169. Margaret Foster died in 1771, aged 136. John Effingham died in 1757, aged 144. James Lawrence, 
 a Bcotcbman, liv«d 140 years. lo 1797 a Norwegian died, aged 160. Two Russians died recently, ages 150 and 16S 
 
 reases the durati 
 1 35; in 1811, 1 i 
 
 f life than one born there Iiad thn 
 
 II, born in 1483, 
 
 1 of human life 
 38; in 1^21, 1 i 
 centuries ago. 
 1603, and died 
 
 , 1635. Henry Jenkii 
 
29 
 
 UNITED STATES TARIFF. 
 
 Tariffs or Rates of Duties, upon Goods imported into the United States, after March 3(7, 
 1833, as established by Acts of Congress, March 2d, 1833. 
 
 ft^- AH articles of manufacture, consisting of one or more material, will he found under the head of thnt material which 
 constitutes its only or principal value ; except those of gold or silver ; which, to be brought to the duty of 12^ pr. ct., must 
 be greater, not only in iwlue, but in quantity. For instance ' ..-.-■- « 
 
 rate of duty is designated under Qold^ Brass, Steel, &c., 
 specified. 
 
 ^fy The figures without any sign, as pr. ct., ets.. Sec, indicate the per centum ad valorem, or per cent. 
 article, at the place of exportation, including all charges, except ' 
 
 {j:^ N. O. S. signify not otherwise specijicd, or enumerated. 
 
 u facta n 
 
 the cost of the 
 
 ARTICLES SUBJECT TO DUTY. 
 
 AcetaU of Lead, or White Lead, 5 cts. per lb. Acids., Mu- 
 riatic and Nitric, 12J ; Tartaric, 15 ; Sulphuric, 3 cts. per Ih. 
 Adies, 35. Agates^ 12.^. Ale or Beer in bottles, 20 cts. a pal. ; 
 otherwise imported, 15 cts. a gal. Almond Paste, 15. Atum^ 
 $2,50 per cwt. Amethyst, 12^. Angolas, ^swooWens. Aqua- 
 fortis, V2\. Aqua MelUs, 15. Arrack, 57 cts. a gal. Articles, 
 all, not free, and not subject to any other rate of duty, 15. 
 Artificial Flowers, 25. Augers, Awls, and Awl HafU, 25. 
 Axes, 35. 
 
 B. 
 
 Bacon, 3 cts. a lb. Barley, 15. Basils, 25. Baskets, Wood 
 or Osier, 95 : do. Palmleaf, Grass or Straw, 15. Basket Car- 
 riages, 25. Bayonets, 25. Beads, Composition, Wax, Amber, 
 Coral, and all other, n. o. s., 15. Beef, 2 cts. a Ih. Beer, see 
 Ale. Bellows, 25. Bells, 25. Belts, done with gold or silver 
 thread, 12.^ ; wove in, 30. Binding, Cotton, Linen, or Wool- 
 len, 23. Boards and P/anft, 25. Bobbin,^5. Bolting Cloth, if 
 all Silk, 5 ; all other, 15. Books, all printed previous to 1775, 
 and those printed since 1775, except English, Latin, and 
 Greek, 4 cts. a vol. ; do. Latin or Greek, bound, 15 cts. a lb.; 
 unbound, 13 cts. a lb. ; do. all other Enplish, bound, 30 cts. 
 a lb.; do. Blank, 30 ; do. English, in sheets or boards, 2fi cts. 
 a lb. Bozes, Gold or Silver, 12^ ; Shell or Paper varnished, 
 15; Leather, 30 ; Fancy-colored Paper, Looking-glass, Silk 
 Velvet, 20 ; Snuff, Musical, Dressing, and all other, n. o. s. 
 25. Bracelets, see Material. Brandy, 1st and 2d proof, 53 
 cts. a gal. ; do. 3d do., 57 cts.; do. 4th do., 63 cts.; do. 5th 
 do., 72 cts. ; and do, above 5th do., 85 cts. a gal. Brass, in 
 plates or sheets, and all manufactures of, or of which it is a 
 component material, n. o. s., 25. Brides, 15. Britannia Ware, 
 25. Bristles, 3 cts. a lb. Brochellas, if part Cotton , 50. Bronie, 
 and all manufactures of, 25. Brooms, of Hair or Palmleaf, 15. 
 Brushes, of all kinds, 25. Buckram, 25. Bullets, 25. Bunt- 
 I 10. Butter, 5 cts. a lb. Buttons, see Material. Button 
 
 Moulds, 15. 
 
 c. 
 
 Calicoes, see Cottons. Camlets of Goats' and Camels' Hair, 
 15. Calomel, 15. Cameos, real, 12^. Candles, Spermaceti, 
 8 cts. a lb.; do. Wax, 6 cts. a lb.; Tallow do., 5 cts. a lb. 
 Candlesticks, see Material. Canes, or Walking-Slicks, 25. 
 Caps, for Women, and Capes, Ladies' worked, trimmed or 
 not, 25. Cap-lVire, covered, 12 cts. a lb. Carbonate of 
 Soda, 15. Carbuncles, 12^. Cards, Playing, 30 cts. a pack ; 
 Visiting, or Blank, 15 cts. a lb.; do. Cotton or Wool, 25. 
 Carriages, and parts of, 30. Carpets and Carpeting, Brussels, 
 Wilton, and treble Ingrained, 63 cts. a square yard ; do. all 
 other Ingrained and Venetian, 35 cts. a square yard ; all 
 other, of Wool, 25; do. or Floor Cloths, all stamped, 
 painted, or printed, 43 cts. a square yard ; do. or Floor Mat- 
 ting, 5 ; Cashmere, or Thibet, 15. Cashmere, Gowns made, 
 and do. Shawls, part Wool, 50 ; do. Shawls, Thibet, 15 ; do. 
 Shawls, Silk, 5; do. Shawls, Silk and Cotton, 2,5. Cassi- 
 meres, see TVoollens. jCasks, emptv, 25. Chairs, Sitting, 25. 
 Cheese, 9 cts. a lb.*-' Chisels, socket, 35 ; all other, 25. 
 Chocolate, 4 cts. a lb. Chronometers, 12^. Chrysolites, 12,^. 
 Cigars and Cheroots, $2,50 per M. Citrate of Livie, 15. 
 Clocks, 25. Clothing, ready made, 50. Coach Furniture, and 
 Harness, of all descriptions, 30. Coal, 6 cts. per bush. Cojfer- 
 Mills, 25. Colcothar, dry, 1 ct., and in oil, I^ ct. per lb. Cold- 
 eream and Cologne Water, 15. Combs, Ivory, Horn, Bone, or 
 Shell, with or without brass rivets, 15; do. Wood, andalloiii- 
 er,25. Commode Handles,^. Compasses, Mariner's, Brass, Irtm, 
 Shell, or Wood, 25. Composition Bolts, Nails, Rods, and 
 Spikes, 25. Conserves, 25. Copper, Bottoms, Still-Bottoms, 
 Plates or Sheets of, or Braziers', weighing more than 34 oz. 
 per square foot, 15 ; do. Rods, Bolts, Spikes, or Nails, 4 cts. 
 a lb.; do. Coins, Vessels, and all manufactures of, n. o. s., 25. 
 Copperas, $2 per cwt. Cordage, Cables and all other tarred, 
 4 cts. a lb. ; do. untarred, 5 cts. a lb. Cordials, see Sjiirits. 
 Coriander Seed, 15. Corks, 12^ cts. a lb. Curmstve Stibhmate, 
 15. Corsets, 50. Cosmetics, 15. Cotton Bagging, ?.\ els. S(i. 
 yd. Cotton, unmanufactured, 3 cts. a lb. Cotiw/i, uTibleach- 
 ed and uncolored Cotton Twist, Yarn, or Thread, the origi- 
 nal cost of which shall be less than tiO cents per pound, is 
 deemed and taken to have cost 60 cts. and pays ^ pr. ct. ; 
 do. bleached and colored do., the original cost of which shall 
 be less than 75 cents per pound, is deemed and taken to have 
 cost 75 cents, and pays 25 pr. ct. ; do. all manufactures ot", 
 or of which it is a component part, not dyed, colored, print- 
 ed, or stained, not exceeding in value 30 cents the square 
 yard, shall be valued at 30 cents the square yard, and if dyed, 
 colored, printed, or stained, in whole or in part, not exceed- 
 ing in value 35 cents the square yard, shall be valued at 35 
 ctB. the square yard, and pay 25 pr. ct. ; do. all other manu- 
 factures of, or of which Cotton shall be a component part, n. 
 o. H., 25 pr. ct. Crash, 15. Crayons, Black Lead, 25. Cru- 
 cibles, 20. Crystals, Watch, 12^. Cutlasses, 25. Cutlery, 
 all articles of, n. o. s., 25. Cutting Knivos, 40. 
 D. 
 
 Daggers and Dirks, 25. Dentifrice, 15. Diamonds, Gla- 
 ziers', set in steel, 19^. Z>iapers, Russia, 15. Dolls, dressed 
 and undressed, of wood, face shaped with plaster, painted, 
 25. Down, of all kinds, 15. Drawing Knives, 35. Duck, or 
 Canvass, 15. 
 
 E. 
 
 JEarthf in oil, 1^ ct. a lb. } dry, as Ochre, 1 ct. a lb. £(0- 
 
 ny, manufactured, being the chief material, 25. Emliroidery, 
 Needle Work, with gold thread, 12^. Engravers^ Burnish- 
 ers, 25. EscuUheons, except silver, and Escutcheon Pivs, 25. 
 Essence, Rose, Tyre, Burgamol, Lavender, Lemons, Nut- 
 megs, Oranges, Thyme and Rosemary, 15. 
 
 P. 
 
 Fans, 25. Feathers, for beds, 15 ; do. ornamental, 25. 
 Felts, or Hat Bodies, wholly or part of wool, 18 cts. each. 
 Felting, for hatters, 50. Files and File Cuts, 25. Fire-Arms, 
 except Muskets and Rifles, 30. Fi^, foreign, dry, $1 pr. 
 112 lbs. ; do. Salmon smoked, $1 do.; do. pickled in kega, 
 at the rate of $1 pr. bbl. ; do. Mackerel, pickled, $1,50 pr. 
 bbl. ; do. Salmon, pickled, or dry salted, $2 pr. bbl. ; all oth 
 er pickled fish, $1 pr. bbl. Fish Hooks and JVcIs, dip and 
 scoop, 25. Fishing J^ets, other than dip or scoop, 5 cts. a lb.; 
 do. Lines, 5 cts. pr. lb. ; do. Lines complete, 25. Flasks, 
 such as come in gin cases, §2,50 pr. gro. ; do. Powder, cop- 
 per, or japanned, 25. F/ax, manufactures of, such as Bur- 
 laps, Ticklenburgs, Platillas, Osnaburgs, &.C., 15; all other, 
 n. o. s., 25. Flour, Wheat, 51) cts. pr. cwt. Foils, 25. 
 Frocks, Guernsey, 50. Fruits, pickled, except Olives, 15. 
 Furs, dressed, 12^. 
 
 G. 
 
 Galloons, see Material. Garnets, Glass, 20; composition, 
 imitation of, 15 ; do. hard ware, 25. Garters, see Material. 
 Gilt Ware, all articles of, n. o. s., 25. Gimblcts, 25. Oimps, 
 see Material. Gin, 1st proof, 57 cts. a gal. ; 2d do. 60 cts. ; 
 3d do. 63 cts. ; 4th do. 67 cts. ; 5th do. 75 cts. ; above 5th 
 proof. 90 cts. a gal. Gin Cases, with bottles in tliem, the 
 cases, 25 ; the bottles, $2,50 pr. gro. Ginger, ground, 2 cts. 
 a lb. Ginghams, as Cotlons. Glass, Window, not above 8 
 by 10 in., ^3 100 sq. ft. ; do. not above 10 by 12 in., $3,50 100 
 sq. ft. ; do. above 10 by 12 in., $4 100 sq. ft. ; do. Window, 
 in plates, uncut, $4 100 sq. ft. ; do. Phials and Bottles, Apoth- 
 ecaries', from 6 to 16 cz., $2.25 pr. gro. ; do. not exceeding 6 
 oz., $1,75 pr. gro. ; do. Phials, fancy, for perfumery, not ex- 
 ceeding 4 oz., $2,50 ; not exceediitg 16 oz., $3,25 pr. gro. ; 
 do. Phials of cut glass, with plaited or metal caps or covers, 
 with or without ground glass stoppers, 20 ; do. Black Bottles, 
 not exceeding 1 qt., $2 pr. gro. ; exceeding 1 qt., $2,50 ; do. 
 Demijohns, 95 cts. each ; all cut Glass Wares, Beads, &c. n, 
 o. s., 3 cts. a lb. and 30 pr. ct. ; all other articles of Glass, 
 Beads, &c., n. o. s., 2 cts. a lb. and 90 pr. ct. Glasses, Hour, 
 Looking, and Looking, with paper or wood frames, 20; do. 
 Watch and Crystal, 12^. Globes, 25. Gloves, see Material, 
 Glue, 5 cts. a lb. Gold, all articles composed wholly or chief- 
 ly of, in quantity, 12^; do. Leaf, 15. Gouges, 25. Orid- 
 inj7Ls,25. Guava, Jelly or Paste, 25. Oun Locks, 25. 
 H. 
 
 Hair, Human, made up for head-dresses, and Ornaments for 
 do., 25 ; do. Bracelets, Belts, Cloth, or .Seating, 15. Hammers, 
 Forge, 1 ct. a lb. ; do. Carpenters', 25. Hangers, 25. Hard 
 Ware, all articles of, n. o. s., 25. Harness, 30 ; do. Furniture, 
 25. Hats and Bonnets, Leghorn, and all other of Straw, 
 Chip, Grass, or Bamboo; and all Flats, Braids, or Plaits, for 
 making the same, 30. Hats and Caps of Fur, Leather, or 
 Wool, and all other Hats, 30. Hat Covers, of Oil Silk, 30. 
 Hatchets, 25. Hemp, unmanufactured, $40 pr. ton ; do. all 
 manufactures of, n. o. s., 25. Hides, tanned or dressed, 30. 
 Hoes, 25. Hooks and Eyes, see Material, Hooks, Reaping, 40. 
 Hosiery, Silk, 5; all other, 25. Hydrometers, 20 ; do. metal 
 being a component part, 25. 
 
 I. 
 Indigo, or extract of, 15. Inkstands, Earthen, Wedce- 
 wood, or Paper, with glass, 90 ; do. Leather, 30 ; do. Wood 
 or Metal, 25; do. Glass, plain, 20 pr. ct. and 2 cts. a 
 lb. ; do. Glass, cut, 30 pr. ct. and 3 cts. a lb. Iron Balls, 
 Cannon or Musket, 25. Iron, in Bars or Bolts, not man- 
 ufactured in whole or in part by rolling, 90 cts. pr. cwt. j 
 do. Bar or Bolt Iron, made wholly or in part by rolling, 
 $30 pr. ton ; do. in Slabs, Blooms, Loops, or other form, less 
 finished than Iron in Bars or Bolts, and more advanced than 
 Pig Iron, except casting, is to be rated as Iron in Bars or 
 Bolts, $30 pr. ton ; do. in Pigs, 50 cts. pr. cwt. ; do. Vessels 
 of Cast Iron, with or without handles, rings, hoops, &c. of 
 wrought iron, n. o. s., 1^ cts. pr. lb. ; do. Castings of, all other, 
 n. 0. s.. 1 ct. a lb. ; do. Round, or Braziers' Rods, from 3-16 
 to 8-16 inch diameter, 3 cts. a lb. ; do. all Scrap and Old 
 Iron, having been in use, and fit only to be remanufaclured, 
 $12,50 pr. ton ; do. in Nail or Spike Rods, (to half an inch in 
 Hiickness,) slit, rolled, or hammered; Hoop Iron; Iron in 
 Sheets ; Band do. ; Scroll do. ; and Iron Cables or Chains, or 
 any part thereof, manufactured in whole or in part, 3 cts. a 
 lb.; do. Hoops, round, riveted, fit for use, 25 ; do. Spikes, 
 4 cts. a lb. ; do. Nails, cut or wrought, 5 cts. a lb. ; do. Tacks, 
 Brads and Sprigs, not exceeding 16 oz.to the thousand, 5 cts. 
 pr. M. ; do. Tacks, &c. exceeding 16 oz. to the thousand, 5 
 cts. a lb. ; do. Square Wire, used in the manufacture of 
 Stretchers for Umbrellas, and cut in pieces not exceeding the 
 length used therefor, 12; do. Anvils and Anchors, and all 
 parts thereof, manufactured in whole or in part, 2 cts. a lb. ; 
 do. Mill Cranks and Mill Irons, of wrought Iron, 4 cts. a lb.- 
 do. Mill Saws, $1 each; do. Blacksmiths' Hammers and 
 Sledges, 21 cts. a lb.; do. Boiler, in sheets, and Boiler 
 Plates, with holes for rivets, or otherwise, 3 da. a lb. ; do. 
 Boilers, fit for Immediate use, 25; do. Chain Breaching, 
 
80 
 
 Jack Chains or Screws, Scrapers, Sho? Floats, Stove Pipe 
 tSheets fit for use, Trace Chains, Wagon or Cart Tire, 
 rouml, the two ends welded together, and fit for the wood 
 work, 25 i do. Kentledge, Weights, Cast Shot and Shoe Bills, 
 1 ct. a lb. ; do. Tots and Ovens, and Cast Iron Soap Pans, 
 1^ cts. a lb. ; do. Stove Pipe Sheet3,y?a(, with holes along or 
 near the edges, 3 cts. a lb. ; do. Vices, 30 ; do. Wire, wove, 
 ^5; do. do. plated or silvered, .^ ; do. do. not exceeding No. 
 14, 5 CIS. a lb. 1 do. do. exceeding No. 14, 9 cts. a lb. j do. 
 do. Binding, for saddlery, (round and Hatted,) n. o. s., 39; 
 do. Rail Iron, for rail-roads or inclined planes, prepared to 
 be laid, $30 pr. ton ; if used for the purpose within three 
 years, there is a drawback equivalent to the duty; do. all 
 manufactures of, n. o. s., or of which Iron is a component 
 part, 25. loory^ all manufactures of, n. o. s., 15. 
 
 J. 
 
 Lace, Coach. 35; do. all other kinds, and do. Shawls, 
 Veils, Shi.k's, Collar^, Capes, Mantles, &.c. 12.;. l^mp- 
 Wa:k, 15. /.amps, with brass pillars and glass cbitnneys, 
 25; do. all other, see Material. Lanternis, all kinds, 25; 
 d 1. H irn Plates for, 15. Lard, 3 cts. a lb. Lead, Nitrate 
 of, I2J; do. Old and Scrap, 2 cts. a lb.; do. in Bars, 
 I'igs, or Sheets, 3 cts. a lb. ; do. Red and White, dry or in 
 oil, 5 cts. a lb. ; ilo. Sugar of, 5 cts a lb. ; do. Pipes, 5 cts. a 
 lb. ; do. all manufactures of, n. o. s., or of which it is the 
 material of chief value, 25. Leather, all manutactures of, n. 
 o. s., or of which it is the material of chief value, 30. Lines, 
 5 cts. a lb. Lnieiis, bleached and unbleached, and Linen 
 Cambric, 15; Linen Ilkfs., 2.5. Lint, 25. iijiior Owes, 25. 
 Liquor vf Iron, 12i. LiUiarire, 5 cts. a lb. Loadstones, ^7t. 
 Locks, all, n. o. s., 25. Luokin^ Qlass Frames, if metal, or 
 gilt on wood or metal, 25 ; do. Plates, if not silvered, 2.), and 
 2 cts. a lb.— if silvered, 20 pr. ct. Lustrines and Levantines, 
 .. see Silks. 
 
 JUL. 
 
 Madras Ilkfs., 25. Magnesia, Sulphate of, 15. Mahotrany, 
 sawed into planks or boards, 25. Manganese, \2\. Marble, 
 manufactures of, 30. Marmalade, S-j. Jlfiilts, Table, of Straw, 
 15; do. of Wdbd, a5. Jl/rtoi, plated, 25. Melting Pots, earth- 
 en, 21; do. or Glue Pots, 25. Milk of Roses, \b. Millineni, 
 of all kinds, 25. Mineral or Fossil Salt, crude, 15. Mo- 
 lasses, 5 cts. a gal. Maps, 50. Muffs and Tippets, 12^. 
 MiLslcal Listraments, wood, 30 ; do. crystal or glass, 21; do. 
 ivory or bone, 15 ; all other, n. o. s., 30. Muskets, with or 
 without bayonets, .$1,5) each. MasUas, see Cottans. Mus- 
 tard, including the bottles, 15. 
 
 JH. 
 
 JVails, Brads, &c. see Iron, Copper, &.C. J^ankeens. direct 
 from China, 20. JVitre, refined, 3 cts. a lb. 
 
 o. 
 
 Out!, 10 cts. a bush. Ochre, dry, 1 ct. a lb. ; do. in oil, IJ 
 ct. a lb. Oil Cloths, all kinds, except Patent Floor Cloth, 
 12V cts. sq. yd. Oil of Lemon, Carraway, Lavender, Rose- 
 mary, Orange, Burgainot, and do. of Orange Flowers, or 
 Neroli, 15 ; do. Castor, 40 cts. a gal. ; do. Linseed, Rape- 
 seed and Spermaceti, 25 cts. a gal. ; do. Olive, in casks, 20 
 cts. a gal. ; do. do. in bottles or fiasks, 15 ; do. of Vitriol, 3 
 cts. a lb. ; do. Whale, and other, (not Spermaceti,) 15 cts. pr. 
 gal. Ointments, for teeth or gums, 15. Orange, mineral, 5 
 cts. a lb. Organs, see Musical Instruments. Otto of Roses, 
 IS. 
 
 F. 
 
 Paddings, see Woollens. Paints, red, white, and other col- 
 ors, lead^dry or ground in oil, 5 cts. a lb. ; do. Spanish 
 Brown, Venetian Red, or dry Ochre, 1 ct. a lb. ; ground in 
 oil, IJ cts. a lb. Paper, Folio and l^uarto Post, of all kinds, 
 20 cts. a lb. ; do. Foolscap, and all Drawing and Writing, 17 
 cts. a lb. ; do. Glass, .Marble, Sand and Paste-board, 15 cts. a 
 lb. ; do. Printmg, Copperplate and Stainers\ 10 cts. a lb. ; do. 
 Sheathing and Wrapping, 3 cts. a lb. ; do. Binders' and Box 
 Boards, and such as blue nankeens are generally imported 
 in, 3 cts. a lb. ; do. Boxes, 15 pr. ct. ; do. Rice and Gold Leaf, 
 and all other kinds, 15 cts. a lb. Paper Hangings, 40. Pa- 
 fier Macke, or Dried Pulp, 15 cts. a lb. Parchment, 25. Pa- 
 ris IVhite, 1 ct. a lb. Pearls, set or not, and all articles 
 wholly or chiefly of, 121 ; do. .Mock, 15 ; do. Glass, imitation 
 of, 20. Pencils, Black and Red Lead, or Crayons, 25. Pepper, 
 Cayenne, 15 cts. a lb. Perfumes, or Odors, 15. Perry, as 
 Cordials. Pewter, all articles of, n. o. s., or of which it is a 
 component material, 25. Pliosphate of Lime or Soda, 15. 
 Pickles, 15. Pipes, w.atclj, 12J. Pistals, 30. Plated Hare, 
 nil kinds of, n. o. s., 25. Plough Plates, S30 a ton. Pocket 
 Books, leather the chief value, 30 ; do. leather, with locks 
 and mountings, silver the chief value, 12i ; do. leather, 
 with locks and mountings of steel, &c., of greater v.ilue, 25 ; 
 do. silk, 5. Pomatum, Ir,. Porcelain, -20. Porphyry, 30. Por- 
 ter, see Jllc. Potash, Bichromate, or Prussiateof, or Chromate 
 of, I2J. Potatues, 10 cts. a hush. />ot^. Melting, Earthen, or 
 Stone, 20. Powder, Hair, peifumed, 15 ; do. Brass or Bronze, 
 25 ; do. Tooth, 15 ; do. Gun, 8 cts. a lb. Prescnes, in sugar 
 or brandy, 25. Prussian Blue, 15. 
 
 a. 
 
 OnadranU and Sextants, 25. Quadrant Frames, 25 ; do. 
 Glasses, 20 pr. ct. and 2 cts. a lb. Quills, prepared or manu- 
 factured, 15. Quiraine, Sulphate of, 15. 
 
 Reapinir Hooks, 40. Reeds, manufactured, 25. Reticules, 
 Merino or Cloth, 50 ; do. Leather, 30 ; do. Cotton or Paper, 
 japanned, 25 ; do. Bead, 20; do. Silk, 5; do. Silk, Bead, or 
 Pauer, not japanned, with clasps, 25. Ribbon Supporters, 
 wire or Cannetille, 25. Rifles, $2,50 each. Rosewood Plank, 
 from 3 to 4 in. thick, and from 9 to 15 in. broad, 25. Ruirs, 
 Hearth, 50. Rules, Ivory, with brass joints or elides, 25; do. 
 Brass or Iron, and Wood, or Wood with Brass, 25. Hum, 
 
 same as Brandj ; do. Cherry, same as spirits other than from 
 grain. 
 
 s. 
 
 Sabres, 25. Saddles, 30. Saddle-trees, 25. Saddlenj, com- 
 mon tinned' and japanned of nil descriptions, 25 ; do. plated, 
 Brass and polished Steel, 25. Sad Irons, 25. Salt, 10 its. 
 pr. 56 Ibj. Safe, Gl.auber, 2 cts. a lb. ; do. Epsom, 4 cts. 
 a lb. ; do. Rochelle, 15. Salt/jetrc, refined, 3 cts. a lb 
 Satin Straw, or Patent Straw, 50. Saws, Mill, $1 each ; 
 do. all other, and Saw-sets, 25 pr. ct. Scale Beams, 35. 
 Scales, Ivory, Brass, Iron, Metal, Steel, Copper, or Wood, 
 25. Scotch Plaids, 10. Screws, of Iron, called Hood Scrcira, 
 and Iron do. weighing 25 lbs., 30 ; do. Brass, Copper, Wood, 
 or Pad, 25. Screw Drioers, Wrenches and Scribes, 25. 
 Scythes, 40. Seine.'!, 5 cts. a lb. S'lenrs, 25. S!ieetii.,_c, Russia, 
 and Ravens Duck, 15. Shoes or Slippers, for children, (No. 
 10 and under,) 15 cts. a pair ; do. for grown persons, of Silk, 
 30; do. of Leather, Prunella, Stuff and Nankeen, 25; do. 
 Thread, 25. Shoe Kiiwes, Rasps and Tacks, 2.5. Shoes, 
 Horse, 25. Shot, Cast Iron, 1 ct. a lb. ; do. Lead, 4 cts. a lb. 
 S'wt Bags, or Belts, mounted, 25 ; or if leather be the chief 
 material, 30. SAoi'c/s and S/mrfps, for digging, with or with- 
 out handles, 40. Slioiiels and Tongs, 25. Sicldes, or Heaping 
 Hooks, 4 1. Side Arms, 25. Sieves, Wire, 25. Si'k, Raw, 121 i 
 do. Sewing and Twist, 40 ; do. all other manufactures of, tir 
 of which silk is a component part, coming from lieyond the 
 Cape of Gopd Hope, 10 ; do. all other niannfartiires of, or of 
 which silk is a component part, n. o. s., 5 ; do. Curls, (Jar- 
 tprs, with wire and clasps. Hats and Caps and hemmed 
 Hkfs, 25 ; do. Lace, 12^ ; do. Stocks, 51. Silver, same as 
 Gold. Silvered, or Plated Wire, 5. Skirers, 30. Sknis, tan- 
 ned or dressed, 31 ; do. Fur, dressed, 12i ; do. White, for 
 Druggists, 30. SlaUs, ('ypheriu!:, Rooling, and all other, 25 
 S;iu^, 12i cts. a lb. Soap, Shaving, Windsor, and nlliet, per- 
 fumed, and wash balls of do. 15 ; do. Castile, and all i ther, 
 4 cts. a lb. Sodi, Carbonate of, 15 ; do. Sulphate of, a cts. a 
 
 Ih. Spectacles, Brass, Iron, I'latcd, or f teel luted, 25 ; do. 
 
 Gold or Silver, 12.; ; do. Turtle Shell, or i-liell and Silver, 15 ; 
 do. Cases for. Iron or Steel, 25 ; do. Leather, 30 ; do. (;iasfes, 
 21, and 2 cts. a lb. ; do. Scotch Pebble, 12,;. Spirits, distilled 
 from grain, 1st prf., 57 cts. a gal. ; 2d prf., CO its. ; 3d prf., 
 tiS cts. ; 4th prf., 1)7 cts. ; 5th prf., 75 cts. ; and above .5th 
 prf., 90 cts. a gal. ; do. and Cordials, distilled from other ma- 
 terials than grain, same as Brandy. Spoons, see Material. 
 SpriniTs, for Wigs, 23. Spy Olasses, 25. Squares, of Brass or 
 Wood, 25; do. Iron or Steel, 35. Steel, or Meel in bars, 
 Sl,50 pr. cwt. ; do. Wire, nut exceeding No. H, 5 cts. n Ih. ; 
 do. exceeding No. 14, 9 cts. a lb. ; do. all manufactures of, or 
 of which steel is a component material, n. o. s., 25. Steel- 
 yards, 35. Sficfts, Walking, 25. Stilettoes,^. Stirrup Iroits, 
 25. Stockings, or Socks, see Material. Stone Ware, 20. Stones, 
 precious, set or not, 12^. Straw Matting, for floors, 5. Sugar, 
 Brown, and Syrup of Sugar Cane, in casks, 2; cts. a lb. ; do. 
 White, Clayed, or Powdered, 3§ cts. a lb. ; do. Loaf, 12 ; do. 
 Lump, 10 ; (Loaf .and Lump Sugar, when imported in a pul- 
 verized, liipiid, or otlier form, pais the same duty.) Sugar 
 of Lead, 5 cts. n [h. Sugar Moulds, ^'1. Hulphnte of Copper, 
 4 cts. a lb. ; do. of Iron, or Copperas, $2 pr. cwt. ; do. of 
 Quinine, 15 ; do. of Magnesia, 4 cts. a lb. Surgeons* Instru- 
 ments, see Material. Suspenders, or Braces, see Material. 
 Swords, or Sword Cane Blades, 25. Sword /ri.nf.., Lace, 121 ; 
 do. Silk, 5 ; do. Worsted, 50. Syrvp, or Molasses, 5 cts. a 
 gal. ; do. real, 15 pr. ct. 
 
 T. 
 
 , 30 ; do. of 
 
 c, 1.5. 
 
 Tables, with marble Tops, Slabs, or Ornaments, 
 wood, 30. Tallow, I ct. a lb. Topers, Paper, i 
 wick, 25; do. Wax, 25. Tarpaulins, SS. Tartar 
 Tassels, see Matenol. Teas, all kinds of, imported from 
 places this side the Cape of Good Hope, or in foreign vessels, 
 10 cts. a lb. Terra Sienna, dry, 1 ct. a lb. ; do. in oil, IJ ct. 
 alb. rciittnn^iie, manufactured, 25. 7'/irrar/, Park, 5 cts. a 
 lb. ; all other, 25. Thulle Lace, 124. Ticldenlturgs, 15. Tiles, 
 for building, 15; do. not for building, 20; do. Marhle, 30; 
 do. Paving, 15. Timepieces, 25. Tin, all maniHactnres of,or 
 of which it is a component part, 25. Tinctures, 25 ; Odo- 
 riferous, 15. Tinned and Japanned Saddlenj, common, 25. 
 Tippets, Fur, ready-made, 25. Tobacco, manufactured, other 
 than snuff and cigars, 10 cts. a lb. ; do. Leaf, unmanu- 
 factured, 15. Topai, real, I2i ; do. glass, .30, and 3 cts. a 
 
 nufacturi 
 wood , 25. Travelling 
 Tresses, Lace, 12i. 
 
 Bags, of ( 
 
 i He 
 
 Trusses, if the spri 
 chief value, 25; do.if ot'leather, .30. Turquoises, V 
 same as Cordage. Types, printing, new or old, 25. 
 
 Ombrellas and Parasols, all kinds, 25 ; do. Frames, Sticks, 
 or Stretchers, 25 ; do. Brass Tips, Runners, tc. for do., 23 ; 
 do. Square Wire, used for, of proper length, 12. 
 
 V. 
 
 P'ases, Porcelain, 20 ; do. Stands for, 30 ; do. Shades for, 
 20. Vellum, 25. Venetian Red, drv, 1 ct. a lb. ; do. in oil, I J 
 ct. a lb. fires, 35. Vinegar, not distilled, 8 cts. a cal. 
 Vitriol, Oil of, 3 cts. a lb. ; do. Blue, or Roman, 4 cts. a lb. ; 
 do. Green, or Copperas, $2 pr. cwt. 
 
 w. 
 
 Wafers 25. Warrim Boxes, 25. Waiters, see Material. 
 Walnuts, Pickled, 15. Wares, Cabinet, 30 ; do. Lacquered 
 and Woideii,25; do, China. Earthen, Porcelain and Stone, 
 20. Warming Pans, Brass or Copper, 25. Water, Bay, or 
 Bay Rum, Cologne, Hungary, or Lavender, 1.5. Web, or 
 Webbing, see Material. Whalebone, of foreign fisheries, 12^. 
 Wheat, 25 cts. pr. bush. Whips, 30. Whiskey, same as 
 Gin. Whiting, 1 ct. a lb. Wigs, 25. Willow Sheets, 
 for hats or bonnets, 30. Wines, of France, in casks. 
 Red, B CIS., White, 10 cts. a gal. ; in bottles, 22 cts. a gal. ; 
 Madeira and Sherry, in casks, cases, or bottles, 50 cts. a gal. ; 
 Wines of France, Germany, Spain and Mediterranean, not 
 specially enumerated, in casks, 15 cts. a g.al. ; Bed \\ inesof 
 Spain and Austria, in casks, 10 cts. a gal. ; Wines of all 
 countries in bottles or casks, unless specially enumerated, 
 and all Wines not enumerated, 30 cts. a gal. {CJ- Alter 
 
 I March 3d, 1834, the duties on the above Wines will be 50 pr. 
 ct. less. Wire, Bonnet or Cap, 12 cts, 
 
 ! tinned or gilt, not ''■"'' '^' 
 
 ,.... „. _„ , Iron or Steel, 
 
 ceeding No. 14, 5 ct». a lb. ; do. eiceed- 
 
Ing No. 14, 9 CIS. » lb. ; do. Gold or Silver, IS} i do". Silvered 
 or PUted, 5 ; do. nr:iss, Copper, Oilt, or Wove, Bobbin, mi 
 nil otiler, n. o. s., -75. Wrarf, BalU and OrnainenU, flM m 
 not, and all mmirictures of, n. o. s., 25. IV„o<t Scrc'^s. of 
 
 ir 10. ir.ul, Kinn, niileJ ivilh dirt or ntlinr inalerial, 
 
 an.l thin rediiccil in value tn B CIS. pr. pound, ti be ap- 
 prised accordinj; to qinlitv, without reference to dirt, &c., 
 no 1 to piv on such ap.irisal, W pr. ct. and A els. a lb. i do. 
 all onniannfactured, the value whereof, at the pl.ace of ex- 
 partition, shall exceed 8 cts. a lb., 40 pr. ct. and 4 cts. a 
 lb. ; do. Caidc.l, and all Wool imported on the skin, shall 
 he estimated as to weiglit and vahie, and shall pay the same 
 rate of il?ity as other imported Wool. WwoZic/w, ail mitled 
 :kn(i /tiUed cloth, known by the name of Plains, Kerseys, or 
 
 31 
 
 Kendall Cottons, of which Wool shall be the only material, the 
 value whereof shnll rmt exceed 35 cts. the sq. yd.,50; do. 
 Worsted HtiilT Goods, Bomlm/.tnes, flunibazetts, Shawls, and 
 .-Iher inanilCactures of Silk and Wnr.-ted, 10; du. Worsted 
 rur/i 21 . do. IVuullcit Yarn, 5); du. Milts, f^loves, Bindin|:s 
 and Hosiery, 25; do. Blankets, the valite whereof, at the 
 place of exportation, shall not exceed 75 cts. each, 5 ; do. do. 
 exceeding 75 cts. each, 25 ; do. Flannels, . ockings and 
 Baizes, 16 cts. sq. yd; Merino Shawls, made of Wool, 50; 
 do. all other manufactures of Wool, or of which Wool is a 
 component part, n. o. s., 60. 
 
 Yellow, or Persian Berries, 12J. 
 
 I)5"®P-i'n- denote specially i-nported; that 
 for philaaophicii or literary purposes, or fur the encoiirai 
 of learning, school, or coilege within the United Slates, 
 
 ARTICLES FREE OF DUTY 
 
 speciall) 
 
 the territories thereof. 
 
 ported by order and for the use of some society incorporated 
 t of the ^iie arts, or by order and for the use of any seminary 
 
 A. 
 
 n I .Morphi: 
 
 Acetate of Potassi, Tin an I .Morphia. Acid3, Acetic, Cit- 
 ric, Oxalic, Pyr..ti„'nsou3, Benzoic anl Chromic. Adhesive 
 Plaster. jJlab^tcTj or miniifactiires of. Aicornnqiic. Al- 
 mofi'id. Atoe^: ^/iVr. Ait'ier-rns, Ammon-a, Sal, Carbit^ 
 nate, Nitrito, Vol itile and Spirits of. Jinatoiiiical Prepa- 
 Tutiuns, and Specimens of, Anchocie^. Aurora OoaU' 
 ffuoL Aii-nals, of all kinds, fur brt-ed or not. Annatto. 
 Aniseed. Ant.moHtj, Reiztiltis of, and Crude. Antiqui- 
 ties, sp. im. Apparel, Weiring, in actual U3e. Archil. 
 Arvol. Armenian Bole, or Stone. Arro'O Root. Arsenic. 
 Articles of the growth, product, or nianufiicture of 
 U. S. or of its fisheries. Asphaltam 
 Ayr Stones. 
 
 Assafmtida. Ava Root. 
 
 B. 
 
 Ba^jrnire, Personal, in actnal use. Bairs, Grass or Gun- 
 nv. Bfilm of Oiltad. Balsiiins, of all kinds. Bamboas, un- 
 nianiificliired. Bai-ks, all. Bar IVavd. Barilla. Bariit'.i. 
 BalUrduTK. BdclUam. Brans, nil. Brarer, For. Brlh, 
 broken. Bf:«o.lrs. Bcn:;in. Bcrrirs, all used in dyeinj. 
 Bismuth, and Oxide of. Black Lral Pots. Blackintr. Blad- 
 drrs, Bodliiiis, Bone. Bone, Articles of, n. o. s. Books, 
 8p. im. Books of Prints and Ea^ravia^s. Borax, Crude 
 and Refilled. BouUs Dc Mars. Brass, in pigs or bars ; 
 do. old, fit only to be remanufactiired. Braiil Paste. 
 Brimstone. Braciae. Balrashes. Bulbous Roots, all. Bul- 
 lion. Burguni/ji Pitch. Busts, sp. ini. ; do. of Marble, Met- 
 al, or Plaster. 
 
 Cilc. Cameos, imitation. Cimomile i 
 Crnds anl Rerine.l. CanJlest cks, .M ib 
 Can'Un Mba. Canftaridej. Cajiers. Co 
 Soda. Cardamom "Seed. Carmine. Casro 
 tor. Clsti, sp. loi. ; d.i. of Br.inze and PI 
 »ai. Canst. c. Calar, in logs. C/iotk. darts, sp°. im. or 
 n>it sp. iiM., or Books o(', not connected with any work of 
 which they form a volume. Cieiucul Prtitaraiions, II. o. 
 s. CiUiridc of I.ime. Cuinamon. Clan, cround, or iin- 
 wroujht. C;«i>M. Cobalt, and O' 
 c«a, .Nuts and Shells. Coeuluj In 
 G,.ld or Silver ; dj. Cabinets of, e| 
 foot. Colo nbn Root. Composition ^ 
 per. Sheathing ; dj. ol 1, lit only tr 
 pi;:s or bars. Coral, inan-ifacturei 
 Cu-n. Craifons, white co:ni»ositioci 
 O.vide of Iron. Cabebs. Cud/ear. 
 
 s. 
 
 Datej. Drlphine. Dolls; Wax. Drairoti's Blood. Di/t 
 %Voa'Ls,!mi all articles used for dyeing or composing dyes, ii. 
 
 E. 
 
 ElecampaiL 
 7S, or Etchi 
 
 Mustard, 
 Sulphuric' of Nitrous. 
 eormeJicin.il purposes. 
 F. 
 Fcltiaz, f.ir vessels' bottoms. Figs. Filberts. Filterina 
 
 F.bony, unmanufactured 
 
 F.mrr,,. Emetine. En era,- 
 F.iiiidets, of G;,1J and Sil 
 Kuo, Savin anl Spruce. 
 Extracts, all, used for tiye. 
 
 Camphor, 
 me, or Spa, 
 , all, except 
 •ass.a. Cns- 
 
 f. Cochineal. Cu- 
 Cofce. Coins, of 
 Colocynlh. Colls- 
 Coneii Wool. Ci'p- 
 
 enianiifactured, in 
 it, except Beads. 
 
 :a.s .flartts, or lied 
 
 in Seed, Currants. 
 
 KlephanCs Teeth, 
 ■s, sp. im. cr not. 
 of Aspic 
 
 f.ir vessel 
 ire Cracker 
 
 Fli 
 
 Fli-i .?',, 
 
 Flint 
 
 For- 
 
 1 slate ; do. 
 
 0,jp- 
 
 f other Rra 
 ^loue. Frankincense. Fruits, 
 preserved in inoliisses. Furs, undressed. Fustic. 
 
 6. 
 
 nalanf^al. nalbanum. Or-ns, sp. im. Gentian Root, nin- 
 grr Root. Oinsrn r. Qoati' Hair, or noals' Wool. OoaU' 
 S'ctns, n.t manufactured. dull. Beater's Brim or Skins 
 do. .Murine or Oxide of; do. Ornam.-nts, male by sprea.linp 
 G.il I Leaf on very thiu paper ; do. Size ; d,i. Coin, Bullion, 
 or Dust. Grapes. Grass Clot'i. Griod^fones. Gams, i\l 
 Tra!;ic:mlh, Shellac, Gamboge, and all othi 
 »iim,or Plaster of Paris. 
 
 H. 
 
 Hair, Anzora Gnats', or Camels', manufictured or 
 do. Penrils. Ilarukorn. Harlem OU. Hats, or Plail 
 Palaileaf. Hemlock. Hemp, Manilla. Henbane Hides, 
 llo'iby /fors-s, paper. Hones. Honey. Hops. Horns 
 Tips, and Plates of, for lanterns. 
 
 Icrltnd Afoss. Implements of Trade, of persons arrivit 
 the IT. S. Ink, or Ink Powder. Instruments, Malhematic 
 Philnsiiphical, sp. im. Inoention.,, Models of. lodme. 
 cacuanha. /siri..r(„js, Russia or Mica, /siue /'ra.s, or Plas 
 loory, unmanufactured. loory Black. 
 
 J. 
 
 Jalap. Juniper, and Oil of. 
 
 Kdp^ K&rma. 
 
 Is. 
 
 Lac Dye. Lake, or Lake Drops o 
 rreen. Lapis, Calaminaris, Infernalis and 
 dry or (lowers. Lead Pols, black. Leaves of Trees, for m 
 n»l purposes ; do. Palm and other. Ueehe's. Lees of Wi 
 
 Lancet Coses, Sha- 
 
 Hoot, or Juice. Limes, or Juice of. 
 M. 
 
 Macaroni, Mace. Machinery, models of. Mahogany, in 
 logs. Malt. Manilla Hemp, or Grass. Manna. Slaps, pp. 
 ini. or not. Marble, unmanufactured ; do. Childreiis', baked 
 or stone. Mastic. Mattresses, Hair or Moss. Medals or 
 Models, sp. im. Medicinal Drugs, all, n. o. s. Millstones, 
 Mineroloiry, specimens in. Morphia; do. Sulphate of. Mother 
 of Pearl, Munjeet. Jl/uriafcs, all, except Soda. >/uf(c, print- 
 ed, bound, or in sheets. Mushrooms, or Sauce of. 
 
 XT. 
 
 J^'arcotine. J^atnral History and Botany, Specimens in, 
 JVecdlcs, J^itrate of Silocr, or Lunar Caustic. J^ilre, crude. 
 J\ratgalls. J^utmegs, JVuls, all. JVui Fomica, 
 
 o. 
 
 Oakum and Junk. Oil Stones. Oils, Almonds, Aniseed, 
 Cloves and Juniper, Absinth, Sage, and all other, essential 
 or volatile, n. o. s. ; do. Palm. Olibanum. Olwes. Onions. 
 Opium. Oranges. Orange Peel or Flower Water. Orchella, 
 or Archil. Ore, specimeiis of ; do. Metallic, if not speci- 
 mens. Ornaments, of Gold Paper. Orpinient, or Yellow 
 Arsenic 0rri5 Root. 
 
 F. 
 
 Paintings and Drawings. Paints, all, n. o. s. Painlrrs' 
 Colors, n. o. s. Palm Leaf Paste, Jujube or Medicinal ; 
 do. Brazil. Pastes, imitation of Precious Stones. Pearl, 
 Mother of. Peas. Pells, salted or pickled. I'me Is, while 
 composition, or Cra\ons , d". Slate ; do. Camels' flair, fep- 
 per. Black. Prpprri, Red. Perarian Bark, Pcteter, old, fit 
 only to be reniauufactured. Philosophical Apparatus, sp. im. 
 Phosphorus. Pimeii'.u. Pine Apples. Pink Root, Fins, Pa- 
 per or Pound. Piperine. Pipe Clau. rianls. Pln'ina. 
 Porkrt Bouts, of Paper. Pol sling Stones. Fomeira-int s, or 
 Peel of. /"o/i;)!/, or Oil of. Pounce. Puiri/.-r, Blearhing 
 
 Plilfs. Prcsi 
 
 Mola 
 
 •,d Labels, Handbills, Uirectio 
 
 ; JVood. Quicksiloei 
 
 ■ I'l 
 &.C. Prunes. Pulti 
 
 iuitls, linprepa 
 
 Fri,: 
 
 Rags, all kinds of. Raisins, of all kinds. Rec> 
 Rrliculrs, Paper, not japanned. R'ln'ar'i. Re, 
 Roman Crmenl. Roots, all, for medicinal piirpo; 
 Leacrs, or Rose Water. Rose Wood, in logs. Ro.^i 
 Stone, Rouge, Rules, Bone. Rust of Iron, RijC. 
 
 al,n. o. 
 
 Saffron. S 
 Saltp'lre, 
 
 liola Ta I. 
 Seeds, all. 'Senna, I e :i 
 Siellac. S'lrii'.. Sirre 
 pickled. S\ins, Fur, 
 salted, pickled, raw, or 
 parti do. Fish, f.ir s.addli 
 ly. Slip Blue. Smalts. 
 or cruds. Soy. Spa, or 
 per. Spelter, Span ires. 
 S/nills. Starch. Sinlurs. 
 wrought; do. Lilhocraph 
 - nd, Toiicl - 
 
 s. 
 
 Suits, Brown, and all oilier < 
 e. Sandarar. Sarsaparilla. 
 
 Lawn, ll;iir, 
 lid all kinds, 
 
 Hats 
 
 its I 
 
 pullsl: 
 ,il state 
 
 Win 
 
 Ball, 
 
 Ha 
 
 tars', of gut ; do. for musical instruments. Strychnine, SiU 
 pltate of Zinc. Sulphur f-'ioani. Sumac, 
 
 T. 
 
 Tamarinds: i\o, in Molasses. Tapioea, Tar, Barhad,ie« 
 do. Coal. Tartar, Red, Crude and Cream of. Teas, .il 
 kinds of, imported from China, or olher plui-s east ..f Ihi 
 Cape of Good Hope, and in vessels of ilie I'. S. Traihs 
 Terra Japonira. Teulenague, Thimbles, Kmie. 7'i», in Pars 
 Bl.uk, or in Pigs. Tinctures, of Bark, and other .Medn i 
 nals. 7'.™ Foil. Tin Plates. Tongues, Neats', and oilier 
 Topai, imitation, other than Glass. Tortoise Slirll 7'u.r, ol 
 Flax or Hemp. Tons, Paper. Trees. TruMes. Turmeric 
 Turnips, Tarpentmi. Turtles, Turtle Shell. 
 
 V. 
 
 Valonia, or Venali, Vamisbes, of all kinds. VeireUt^iles, n 
 o. s. Venison Hams, Verdigris. Venhler. Verm'celli. I er 
 mHion. Vicunia, viooX. riur^ror, distilled. »'i(rii,i, white. 
 
 ■w. 
 
 Wnlermelovs. Water Colors. W'cr, Bees, Sealing.aiid Shop 
 makers'. Weld. ;fi»uiiT, for R.askels, &c. W„alorra,lrl 
 Woods, all iiniuanufarlured, n o. s. ; do. Rrizil, Rra.-ill.-ltr,, 
 Cam, Fiislic, Loswood, NicaraL'ua, Pernanilirir,,, i •.m-i-u; 
 RedS.aiinders, Redaiid Rio de la llaclie. (C,..//, nniiiaiiiiliir. 
 whereof, at the place of exportation, does iiol 
 
 exceed S cts. 
 Yams. Yarrow. 
 
 Zine. %'ailsof, orinSheels ; do. iinwrought; do Sulphate of 
 Zebra Wood, in rough pianKt, Irom 4 to 5 mcjies thtcli, and 
 from 13 to 14 feet long. 
 
32 
 
 On the 14th of July, 1839, a law passed Congress regulat- 
 JTiK the T.-iriir, or Rates of Duties, on importg into the United 
 Stales, to go into operation from and after the 3d of March, 
 IctSJ ; but some of the provisions of that law being unsatis- 
 factory, particularly in one section of the country, the same 
 Congress, at their next session, desiring to place the Tariff 
 on a more permanent basis than it had hitherto been, so 
 amended and modified that law, as to make the present 
 Rates of Duties as are here stated. The subsequent 
 changes in the TaritT System by the acts of March 2d, 1833, 
 are subjoined. 
 
 " From and after the thirty-first day of December, 1833, in 
 all cases when the duties imposed on foreign imports shall 
 exceed twenty per centum on the value thereof, one tenth 
 part of such excess shall Ue deducted ; from and after the 
 thirty-first day of December, 1835, another tenth part thereof 
 shall be deducted ; from and after the thirty-first day of De- 
 cember, 1837, another tenth part thereof shall be deducted ; 
 from and after the thirty-first day of December, 1839, anotlier 
 tenth part thereof shall be deducted ; and from and after the 
 thirty-first day of December, 1841, one half of the residue of 
 such excess shall be deducted ; and from and after the thirtieth 
 day of June, 1849, the other half thereof shall be deducted." 
 
 "The following articles imported from and after the 3l3t 
 of December, 1833, and until the 30th of June, 1849, shall be 
 admitted to entry free from duty, — to wit : bleached and un- 
 bleached Linens, Table Linen, Linen Napkins and Linen 
 Cambrics, and Worsted Stuff Goods, Shawls, and other man- 
 ufactures of Silk and Worsted, manufactures of Silk, or of 
 which Silk shall be the component material of chief value, 
 this side ot the Cape of Good Hope, except 
 
 Se 
 
 ; Silk.' 
 
 after the 30th of June, 1842, the following ar- 
 ticles shall be admitted to entry free from duty, — to wit: 
 Aloes, Ambergris, Burgundy Pitch, Camomrte Flowers, Cat- 
 sup, Chilk, Coculus Indicus, Cocliineal, Coriander Seed, 
 Crude Saltpetre, Emery, Grindstones, Gum Arabic, Gum Sen- 
 egal, Horn Plates for lanterns, Indigo, India Rubber, Juniper 
 Berries, Lac Dye, Madder, Madder Root, manufactured Ivo- 
 ry, Musk, Nuts and Berries used in dyeing, Nuts of all kinds, 
 Oil of Juniper, Opium, Ox and other Horns and Tips, Quick- 
 silver. Refined Borax, Saffron, Shellac, Sulphur, Tin Foil, 
 Tin in plates and sheets, Tortoise Shell, Turmeric, unmanu- 
 factured Rattans and Reeds, Vegetables used principally in 
 dyeing and composing dyes. Weld, Woad or Pastel, and all 
 articles employed chiefly for dyeing, except Alum, Copperas, 
 Bichromate of Potash, Prussiate of Potash, Chromate of Pot- 
 ash, and Nitrate of Lead, Aqua Fortis and Tartaric Acid i : 
 and all imports on which the first section of this act (the fivst 
 
 paragraph quoted above) may operate, and all articles now- 
 admitted to entry free of duty, on paying a less rate of duty 
 than twenty per centum ad valorem before the said 30th of 
 June, 1842, from and after that day may be admitted to entr> 
 subject to such duly, not exceeding twenty per centum ad 
 valorem, as shall be provided for by la\v." 
 
 By the acts of March 9d, 1833, the provisions of the 10th 
 and 12th clauses of the 2d section of the act of July 14th, 
 1832, are suspended, until the 1st day of June, 1634. Those 
 clauses are in the following words, to wit : " On Axes, Adzes, 
 Hatchets, Drawing Knives, Cuiting Knives, Sickles or Reap- 
 ing Hooks, Scythes, Spades, Shovels, Squares of Iron or 
 Steel, plated Brass and polished Steel Saddlery, Coach and 
 Harness Furniture of all descriptions. Steelyards and Scale 
 Beams, Socket Chisels, Vices and Screws of Iron, (called 
 Wood Screws,) thirty per centum ad valorem ; on common 
 tinned and japanned Saddlery, of all descriptions, ten per 
 centum ad valorem: Provided,' th^Lt said articles shall not be 
 imported at a less rate of duty than would have been charge- 
 able on the material constituting their chief value, if import- , 
 ed in an unmanufactured state." " On japanned wares of 
 all kinds, on plated wares of all kinds, and on all manufac- 
 tures, not otherwise specified, made of Brass, Iron, Steel, 
 Pewter, or Tin, or of which either of these metals is a com- 
 ponent material, a duly of twenty-five per centum ad valo- 
 rem: Provided, that all articles manufactured in whole of 
 Sheet, Rod, Hoop, Bolt, or Bar Iron, or of Iron Wire, or of 
 which Sheet, Rod, Hoop, Bolt, or Bar Iron, or Iron Wire, 
 shall constitute the greatest weight, and which are not other- 
 wise specified, shall pay the same duty per pound that ia 
 charged by this act on Sheet, Rod, Hoop, Bolt, or Bar Iron, 
 or on Iron Wire, of the same number, respectively : Pro- 
 vided, also, that the said last-mentioned rates shall not be less 
 than the said duty of twenty-five per centum ad valorem." 
 
 Payment of Duties. — All' duties not exceeding $2!iO in 
 amount, are to be paid in cash without discount ; and *' the 
 duties on all Wool, manufactures of Wool, or of which Wool 
 is a component part, shall be paid in cash without discount." 
 
 With the above exceptions, the duties on all imports are 
 payable in three and six months, until the 30th day of June, 
 1842, when '• the duties required to he paid by law' on goods, 
 wares and merchandise, shall be assessed upon the value 
 thereof at the port where the same shall be entered ," and " all 
 duties upon imports shall be collected in ready money." 
 
 fjCf An addition of 10 per cent, will be made to the sever- 
 al rates of duties on all imports in vessels not of the United 
 States ; excepting, however, such foreign vessels as are enti- 
 tled by treaty, or by act of Congress, to be entered in the ports 
 of the United States on an equality with American vessels. 
 
 FOREIGN 
 
 Taken at the Custom Houses, 
 
 Antwerp, Amsterdam, Rotterdam, and all the JVethcrlands flo- 
 rins or guilders, 40 cts. AufrsburT, Bohemia and Trieste flo- 
 rins, 48 cts. Batavia rix dollar, 75 cts. Braiil guilder, 40 cts. 
 Barcelona and Catalonia livres,53J cts. Brabant florin, 34 cts. 
 Bremen dollar, 75 cts. Bemral sicca rupee, 50 cts. Bombay 
 sicca rupee, 50 cts. Calcutta rupee, 50 cts. Canada pound, 
 and pound of all the British Provinces in N. A., $4. China 
 tale, SI, 48. Cayenne livre, 7 to a dollar. Creveld florm, 37 
 29-100 cts. Crown, of Tuscany, $1,05. Current marks, 28 cts. 
 Denmark rix dollar, $1,00. Ducat of J^aples, 80| cts. England 
 and Ireland pound sterling, $4,80. France franc, 18^ cts. 
 Florence livre, fij to a dollar. Ocnoa new livre, 18J cts. Oib- 
 raUar rix dollar, $1,00. Hamburg rix dollar, $1,0U. Ha mburg 
 
 TflONH^S, 
 
 :. Java florin, 40 
 Leghorn dollar, 90 
 Leipsic flo 
 
 as fixed by Law or Custom. 
 
 mark banco, 33J cts. India pagoda, $1 
 cts. Jamaica currency. $3 to the pound 
 70-100 cts. Leghorn, livre, ^ to the dolla 
 
 cts. Louts d^or, or rix dollar of Bremen, 75 cts. Ounce of 
 Siciiy, S2, 46. Portugal mil rea, $1,24. Prussian ri.x dollar, 
 68 29-100 cts. Prussian florin, 23 cts. iiitssia rouble, (subject 
 to the rate of exchange on London,) 10 l.')-32cts. Russia silver 
 rouble, 75 cts. Spain real of plate, 10 cts. Spain real of 
 vellon, 5 cts. St. Qaul guilder, 40 36-100 cts. Sweden rix 
 dollar, $1,00. Saxon dollar, 56 cts. Swiss livre, 27 cts. 
 Scudo i^i Malta, -XO cts. Turkish piaster, value to be ascer- 
 tained according to the exchange on London. Ticul of Siam, 
 61 7-10 cts. 
 
 COSKIVIERCZ: OF Z:A.CH state AXrD TERRITORY IZ7 THE TTNITED STATES, 
 
 C'oiniiu-iiciiig (Ml the 1st day of October, 1830, and linding on the 3Uth day of September, 1831 : Also, the number of ves- 
 sels and SL-aint-n employed, in e.ach slate and territory, in 1830. 
 
 Tei 
 
 Maine, 
 
 .\ew Hampshire, 
 
 Vermont, 
 
 Massachusetts, 
 
 Rhode Island, 
 
 Connecticut, 
 
 New York, 
 
 New Jersey, 
 
 Pennsylvania, 
 
 Delaware, 
 
 Maryland, 
 
 Dist. of Columbia, 
 
 Virginia, 
 
 North Carolina, 
 
 South Carolina, 
 
 tPeorgia, 
 
 Alabama, 
 
 Florida Territory, 
 Michigan Territory. 
 Total, 
 
 941,407 
 146,205 
 166,206 
 
 14,209,056 
 562,161 
 405,066 
 
 57,077,417 
 
 12,124,083 
 21,650 
 4,826,577 
 193,555 
 488,522 
 196,356 
 1,238,163 
 399,940 
 224,435 
 
 9,766,693 
 
 Value of Kiports 
 
 Pradar, 
 
 799,748 
 
 109,456 
 
 925,127 
 
 4,027,211 
 
 348,3.50 
 
 482,073 
 
 15,726,118 
 
 11,430 
 
 3,594,302 
 
 34,514 
 
 3,730,501 
 
 1,207,517 
 
 4,149,986 
 
 340,973 
 
 6,528,605 
 
 3,957,245 
 
 2,412,862 
 
 12,8.35,531 
 14,728 
 28,493 
 12,392 
 
 46,590 
 2,568 
 1,032 
 
 3,926,458 
 
 2,002 
 
 ~'iO,033,S2>> 
 
 .s. 
 
 Tonna,re 
 
 JVumJ. 
 
 JVumJ. 1 
 
 °ien 
 cmpVd. 
 
 Total. 
 
 Entered. 
 
 0/ 
 
 803,573 
 
 101,454 
 
 535 
 
 2,949 
 
 111,222 
 
 7,198 
 
 38 
 
 284 
 
 925,127 
 
 20,201 
 
 121 
 
 871 
 
 7,733,763 
 
 192,219 
 
 912 
 
 9,118 
 
 367,405 
 
 23,945 
 
 87 
 
 836 
 
 489,»<3 
 
 
 93 
 
 
 25,535,144 
 
 393,691 
 
 1,382 
 
 14,298 
 
 11,430 
 
 369 
 
 
 
 5,513,713 
 
 80,0.'>8 
 
 365 
 
 3,907 
 
 34,514 
 
 3,736 
 
 9 
 
 81 
 
 4,308,647 
 
 65,836 
 
 
 
 1,220,973 
 
 5,668 
 
 54 
 
 448 
 
 4,150,475 
 
 32,918 
 
 93 
 
 843 
 
 341,140 
 
 18,303 
 
 
 
 6,575,201 
 
 53,390 
 
 115 
 
 
 3,959,813 
 
 29,034 
 
 
 
 2,413,894 
 
 29,166 
 
 66 
 
 484 
 
 16,761,989 
 
 131,772 
 
 451 
 
 4,323 
 
 14,728 
 
 229 
 
 1 
 
 3 
 
 30,495 
 
 4,931 
 
 15 
 
 93 
 
 13,392 
 
 43 
 
 1 
 
 ' 
 
 81,310,583 
 
 1,204,900 
 
 4,745 
 
 43,750 i 
 
 Districts. 
 
 Tons. 
 
 New York, 
 
 256,5.17 
 
 Boston, 
 
 135,009 
 
 Philadelphia, 
 
 71,689 
 
 New Bedford, 
 
 55,2,'>6 
 
 New Orleans, 
 
 45,037 
 
 Portland, 
 
 42,717 
 
 Baltimore, 
 
 35,621 
 
 Salem, 
 
 28,195 
 
 Bath, 
 
 26,668 
 
 Barnstable, 
 
 25,184 
 
 Nantucket, 
 
 22,327 
 
 Waldoboro', 
 
 21,789 
 
 Plymouth, 
 
 19,476 
 
 Bangor, &c. 
 
 19,177 
 
 Portsmouth, 
 
 18,243 
 
 Newbury port. 
 
 16,577 
 
 New London, 
 
 16,213 
 
 Providence, 
 
 14,400 
 
 Charleston, 
 
 13,354 
 
 The ffomestic exports were thus distributed — Produce of 
 Agriculture, S47,2li4,433-Manufactures, $7,147,304— Produce 
 of the Forest, $4,360,477— Produce of the Se:i, $1,889,472— 
 Gold ana' Silver Coin, $3,058,474 — Articles not enumerated, 
 $715,311 — Total, $61,277,057. 
 
 AM[t>XJKrT or TOmfAGE ,vliich entered 
 several piirts in the U. S. during the year ending Sept. 30, 
 
 - , Yoi-k, 333,678— New Orleans, 1'31,773— Bostor 
 
 lilad.elphia, 80,053 ~ ' ' "' ' 
 
 ion, .^J,Jy^^ —Savannah, 38,271 
 ford, 23,16; .—Mobile, 21,966. 
 
 EAST Z]!TZ>XA 0O»UiXER0]3.-T« 
 
 dred and thirty vessels passed the Straits of Sunda, in 1831. 
 Dutch, 50 out, 54 home— jJmcrican, 29 out, 29 borne— English, 
 28 out, 27 home— i^rcBC*, 2 out, 1 home— Spanish, 3 nut, 1 
 home— Hamburg, 2 out, 1 home — Russian, 1 out — Swedish, 1 
 out^Danish, 1 home. 
 
 BRITISH COBXIiIERCE AITII WAVl- 
 OATION.— The imports into Great Britain, in 1828, 
 according to the oflicial rates of valuation, were £44,887,774 
 —Exports, £62,050,008 — of which amount £9,830,728 was ot 
 foreign and colonial produce. The tonnage of the British 
 Empire, in 1828, was 2,400,500 tons. There were 23,199 
 vessels belonging to the various ports of the Empire, and 
 151,415 men and boys were employed in navigating them. 
 
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 40,000 
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 80,000 
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 15,000 
 24,000 
 60,000 
 
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 260,000 
 
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 10,000 
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 OTAZt FAniXI.VOF GREAT BRITAXN.-KingWii- 
 IV. was married to Adelaide, sister of the Dukeof Saxe- Meiningen, in 1818. 
 was born Aug. 13, 1792. The Heiress Presumptive to the British crown is 
 andrina Victoria, born May 24, 1819. She is the daughter of the late Duke 
 ent, the king's brother, who was born in 1767, and Victoria Maria Louisa, 
 r to Leopold, King of Belgium. King William had three brothers and three 
 rs living in 1833, viz., Ernest Augustus, Duke of Cumberland, born in 1771 ; 
 astus Frederick, Duke of Sussex, 1773 ; Adolphus Frederick, Duke of Cam- 
 e, 1774 ; Augusta Sophia, 1768 ; Mary, Duchess of Gloucester, 1776 ; and 
 ia, born 1777. The king's brothers and sisters receive annually from the 
 c purse, £112,000 sterling. 
 
 O'STAIi FAIOCIXi'S' OF FRAKCH.— Louis Philip married, 
 25, 1809, Maria Amelia, daughter of Ferdinand, late King of the two Sicilies. 
 Louis has four sons and four daughters. Ferdinand, Duke of Orleans, 
 
 cc Royal, was born Sept. 3, 1810. Louise was born April 3, 1812; married 
 9, 1832, to Leopold, King of Belgium. 
 
 XTSTRXAN' XMFXiRXAI. FAMXI.Y.-Francis, the last 
 eror of Germany, and first Empiror of Austria, has had three wives. By 
 econd marriage with Maria Theresa, daughter of Ferdinand IV. of Sicily, 
 ad two sons and four daughters. Ferdinnnd, the Prince Imperial, was born 
 19, 179:i, and married Anne, daughter of the late King of Sardinia, Feb. 
 831. Maiia Louisa, the Duchess of Parma, was born December, 12, 1791, 
 married -Napoleon, --ipril 2, 1810. 
 
 USSIASr laZFSRIAZ. FAMILY.-Nicholas married Al- 
 dra, ilaiiL'hter of the King of Prussia, July 13, 1817 ; she was born July 13, 
 He iKts three sons and four daughters. Alexander, Hereditary Prince, 
 born A|iril -29, 1818. 
 
 ONNA MARIA.- Henna Maria da Gloria, the Oueen of Portugal, 
 re, w as licirn -April 4, 1819. Her father, Don Pedro, l.ate Emperor of Brazil, 
 It presc 111 Urgent of Portugal, was bom Oct. 12, 1798. He is the eldest 
 f Joliii VI. late King of Portugal. Donna Maria's mother was Leopoldine, 
 hter of the Emiieror of Austria. Don Pedro abdicated the throne of Portu- 
 n favor ..1 his daughter, on his becoming Emperor of Brazil, in 1826. Mi- 
 haviiiK married his niece, Donna Maria, by proxy, his brother, Don Pedro, 
 nted liiiii Itegent of Portugal during the minority of his daughter. Miguel 
 the oalh requireil by the constitution, but soon renounced it, and assumed 
 ute sovereignty in liis own right, as King of Portugal. 
 
 AFOXiBOW.— As Napoleon Bonaparte occupies a large page of histo- 
 s a sovereign in Europe, some data of his eventful life are here given. He 
 born at Ajaccio, in the island of Corsica, on the 15th of August, 1769. He 
 nie Captain in the armv, Feb. 6, 1792— General in Chief of the army of Italy, 
 23, 1796— First Consul, Aug. 13, 1799— Consul for life, Aug. 2, 1802. He 
 crowned as Emperor of the French, Dec. 2, 1804— Abdicated his crown at 
 ainbleau. Anril 11, 1814. He mounted the throne again, March 20, 1815— 
 
 cated again, June 22, 1815— Landed at St. Helena, Oct. 16, 1815 ; and died 
 at island. May 5, 1821. 
 
 USSXAZT COlTQtyBSTS.— The acquisitions of Russia to her ter- 
 ,■ during the last century, by her conquests over various nations, have been 
 unse. During that period, more than 15,000,000 people became victims to 
 rapacitv. In 1772, 1,300,000 Poles yielded to her sword ; again, in 1793, 
 ,000; a'nd again, in 1795, 1,200,000— total, 5,500,000 ;— besides those who 
 on the field of battle, fled from their ill-fated country, or remained to en- 
 the chains of a despot, after his inglorious conquest of that brave nation, 
 31. 
 
 
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 1 
 
 Sweden 
 
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 Great Britain 
 
 Holland 
 
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 Saxony 
 
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 Austria 
 
 France 
 
 Switz'rl'd,JJq). 
 
 Spain 
 
 
 Tuscany 
 
 Parma 
 
 .VIodena 
 
 Lucca 
 
 St'ts of the Ch. 
 
 I'wo Sicilies 
 
 Ionian Us. Be/. 
 
 Turkey 
 
 
 :S 
 
 ^i-'S66 66i'^o6S'i=>S66z 
 
 c- = 1 c5 6 d d 6 »a SQ 1 c 5f c =.«■-' 5? 
 
 
 „S 
 
 
 
 
 
 •a'a.-'a-a^aT3T3-a^o ,; « ^ — 13-0 E^a £ =-« E 
 
 
 l; = S-o g-E S =3 
 
 
 
 ■.iai> Q aQ 
 
 a. juarjo. as:i!i:;i: 
 
 
 
 
 1 
 
 Charles XIV 
 
 Nicholas 1. 
 
 Fred'k VI. 
 
 William IV. 
 
 William I. 
 
 Leopold 
 
 Fr. Win. III. 
 
 Anthony 
 
 Francis 
 
 George 
 
 Augu-stug 
 
 William 
 
 William 
 
 Ch. Fred'k 
 
 Ernest 
 
 Bernard 
 
 Frederick 
 
 Leopold 
 
 -Alexis 
 
 Ferdinand 
 
 Gunther 
 
 Gunther 
 
 Henry XIX. 
 
 Henry LXII. 
 
 Leopold 
 
 Geo. Wm. 
 
 George 
 
 Louis 
 
 Ch. Leop.Fr. 
 
 William II. 
 
 Louis 
 
 Anthony 
 
 Frederick 
 
 John Joseph 
 
 William 
 
 Louis 
 
 Francis 
 
 Louis-Philip 
 
 E. F. Fischer 
 
 Perd. Vll. 
 
 .Miguel 
 Ch..\niadeus 
 Leopold 11. 
 Maria Louisa 
 Francis IV. 
 Ch. Louis 
 Gre„'. XVI. 
 Ferd. II. 
 Ant. Comuto 
 Otho 
 Mahmoud 11 
 
 
 wns and cities in Europe 
 nd. Birmingham, 146,936 
 
 Liverpool, 189,244. Man- 
 110. Nottingham, 50,680 
 
 Sheffield, 76,378. 
 Glasgow, -202,420. Paisley 
 
 203,652. Galway, 33,130 
 
 821. 
 
 yens, 115,000. Marseilles 
 
 ;, 49,056. Toulon, 27,000. 
 
 n, 139,580. Post, 61,100. 
 Verona, 48,000. 
 Cologne, 65,441. Dantzic, 
 
 oscow, 246,545. Odessa, 
 
 a, 66,661. Malaga, 52,375. 
 
 a, 25,000. 
 
 Bosna, 48,000. Erzerum, 
 
 a, 50,000. Varna, 25,000. 
 
 ilation of the several coun- 
 orial limits. — Europe. Eng- 
 . Scotland, 85. Ireland, 
 
 Russia, 35. Poland, 109. 
 
 206. Parma, 265. Ionian 
 
 San Marino, 411. Tus- 
 
 35. Portugal, 121. Spain, 
 olland, 330. Belgium, 393. 
 
 1. La Plata, IJ. Banda 
 Guayana, Ij. 
 
 Panama, (N. & S. A.) 4. 
 New Brunswick, 2 85-100. 
 ti, 334. Jamaica, 515. 
 12 73-100 inhabitants to a 
 Massachusetts, 78 28-100 ; 
 
 The slates of Mississippi, 
 least populated. Michi- 
 ida, 77-100, to a sq. mile. 
 3opuIated as Ireland, they 
 on people. 
 
 t 
 
 
 lis 
 fit' 
 
 ,111' 
 
 3 
 
 1 
 
 t 
 
 
 FOPTTZ1ATIOI7 of several of the largest to 
 
 not mentioned in the Table of Population. F.ngla 
 
 Bristol, 103,886. Halifax, 112,623. Leeds, 123,393. 
 Chester, 197,046. Newcastle, 42,760. Norwich, 61 
 Plymouth, 40,651. Portsmouth and Portsea, 50,389. 
 
 Scotland. Aberdeen, 58,019. Edinburgh, I6'2,403. 
 57,066. 
 
 Ireland. Belfast, 37,277. Cork, 107,007. Dublin 
 Kilkenny, 23,741. Limerick, 66,575. Waterford, 28 
 
 Prance. Bourdeaux, 110,000. Castres, 100,000. 1 
 110,000. Nantes, 77,081. Rouen, 87,000. Slrasbur 
 Toulouse, 50,171. Versailles, 27,574. 
 
 Austria. Gratz, 40,000. Leinbcrg, 55,.500. Mila 
 Prague, 117,000. Trieste, 40,.530. Venice, 113,997. 
 
 Prussia. Aix-la-Chapelle, 30,809. Breslau, 90,000. 
 61,10-2. Konigsberg, 67,941. Magdeburg, 51,0W. 
 
 Russia. Cronstadt, 30,000. Kasan, 50,000. M 
 41,500. Riga, 48,76-2. Tula, 33,000. VVilna, 25,000. 
 
 Spain. Barcelona, 60,000. Cadiz, 70,0110. Grena. 
 Saragossa, 55,000. Seville, 80,568. Valencia, 80,000 
 
 Smtiertaad. Basle, 16,215. Berne, 2J,500. Genev 
 
 Turkey. Adrianople, 100,000. Bucharest, 60,000. 
 125,000. Joanuina, 35,000. Salonica, 70,000. Soph 
 Widen, 25,000. 
 
 COMPARATIVE VIEW of the pop 
 
 tries in Europe and --Vinerica, according to their territ 
 land has 229 inhabitants to a square mile. Wales, 99 
 ■3.id. Denmark, 121. Sweden, 23. Norway, 11. 
 Cracow, 307. Turkev, 84. Greece, 54. Sardinia, 
 Isles, 265. Lucca, 458. Jlodena, 142. Monaco, 171 
 cany, 205. States of the Church, 199. Two Sicilies, 
 115. Andora, 104. Austria, 165. Prussia, 159. H 
 France,2ll. Switzerland, 181. Germany, 202. 
 
 South America. Colombia, 2. Bolivia, 4. Brazil 
 Oriental, 1 1-5. Paraguay, 2\. Peru, 3}. Chili, 5. 
 
 JVort/i America. Mexico, 4. Central America, lOJ. 
 Upper Canada, 2 13-100. Lower Canada, 1 77-100. 
 NovaScnlia, 4 34-100.— Weil //liies. Cuba, llj. Hay 
 
 According to the last census, the United States had 
 sq. mile. The most densely populated states were 
 Rhode-Island, 71 46-100; and Connecticut, 63 68-100. 
 3 ; lllinciia. 2 66-100 ; and Missouri, 2 32-100, were th 
 gan 'I'lrritory had 58-100 ; Arkansas, 25-100 ; and Flo 
 VVere the United States and Territories as densely 
 would contain more than two hundred and sixty mill 
 
 n 
 
 H 
 
 glii 
 
 1 
 
 l! 
 
 M 
 
 II 
 
 
 
 "1 
 1 
 
 1 
 
 1 
 
 i 
 
36 
 
 JQ O ^O 
 
 iSS: 
 
 ssi 
 
 i'2|^l>i^l^^ 
 
 
 
 ; It has bcpn estimated that 
 
 UllllllKill, l.r-l.l.S llw loss to 
 
 iiii.lm.iiMl- 111' mice that 
 r^iin \,\ till' (Jrprecialion of 
 
 = There were alsoSfi, 103 mili- 
 "'O'rt employed in this war. at I 
 ■' various times : of which I 
 Mass. furnished 15,155. 
 
 s-.Sfc.s^TOOD< ^.zs^aa<4'=ib.oai 
 
 
 
 
 fiioio^f-pr-JIoicd: 
 
 1= I III g s il|'"s'|a(So|l = ii.s|'i Il5| 
 
 •gtni 
 PIE -N foB POL 'pneidET 's.(ni|p.iBM 
 
 ■a '"E 
 PI5 'N tun PS5 'paB|0d 'mosjkm 
 
 ■a '"E5 
 
 P9r N MEl P8f 'EiJlsnv 'nuiisiA 
 
 ■a "lOf Pi'N ™» PSf' 'luotupaij 'iii-inj, 
 
 •a "III 
 
 POI 'NT "W P9E 'BOII.IV 'siil'ij, 
 
 •a '"SPE'N '"6>P9E 'BJIiJV'llot'NJ, 
 
 ■3 "in P89NU'ot PSS'OMsqtg 'i|s|"qo.L 
 
 •a "U Pio 'N n'85 P8E '"i^V '"".i-fiug 
 
 P3I -N n'05 PGS 
 
 |oi|naoig 
 
 ■3 "'61 
 
 -iMsa -IS 
 
 poe 'hi '"X pes 'Eissna 'qs 
 
 ■M "'nt- PS 
 
 *K ^VfPLt 'I1B330 onuBilV 'eii<»iaH 'IS 
 •3 "los poor 'N i"IS PH 'Kisv '"leig 
 
 ■a "'OS Pol 'N lut-s pif'-tiBii 's'loa 
 
 M "'81 PEf' 'S 
 nit's PBS 'E0U31U V mnos 'ojiauer ap oig 
 
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 •a ""SCPH -N O'S POS 'Eliuatioa 'Jii3G.id 
 
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 P99-Nr '"CEP8I 'ssipllj 1SSA\ 'ooia uuoj 
 
 •a "'ijl PESI 
 
 "N "'0 Pt-E 'PUBIIOH MaN 'uosstauf IJoj 
 
 •a i"R-, P Oil 'N '"tS PGE 'Bitill.T 'U!)|3J 
 
 a "To PEl 'N "'i P8E '■<IP!S '"i"Ja|Ej 
 
 •a "105 PE N "lOS pat' 'somiJi 'sirBj 
 
 3 "'0 P95I 
 
 ">I "'il POo 'spuoisi ipmpuBg 'aal|,Cl|A\o 
 
 ■M "'OE 
 
 POM 'S "'9", Pil '"Bsoo OHI^Bd '31iai|i!lo 
 
 a "'9 PH 'N! i"OS Poi' '-(IBII 'sjplBM 
 
 •a "'ii-PBII N i"!- P5E 'BtiillO '"!l|"BfI 
 
 •aiuSE Pll N i"8 P8I' 'BlJBABg 'MDlunw 
 
 •M "'fB P8S 
 
 ■g tiicc PJ.E 'BoiL-Juiv ilinos 'oapiAaiiioH 
 
 •a «"EE PiE'N "'9t' P55 'Blssiig 'Aluoaun 
 
 ■a "lol P6 'N ""SB PS^ ''f|BlI '"Bliw 
 
 M "16 
 
 P66 'N "'Do P6T Bouauiv tllJON 'oDlxam 
 
 a 'o s 
 
 PBOI ■« WOI PB 'saipui ISEg 'E.iaBiBpj 
 
 ■a "'il 
 P8l "N «>» PEI 'saipui isBgf 'sBjpcw 
 
 •a "186 POBl 
 
 ■N tuSE PH 'sptiBlsj aiiiddllijiia 'b|I!"BIJ 
 
 ■M '"Z't PE 'N '"Co POt- '"!Bdg 'piJpEW 
 
 •a "'05 Vt 'HI i"!lt' pet' 'aoilBjj 'suoifT 
 
 A\ i"6 PO N "'IE PI5 'puiJIiiua 'unpuoT 
 
 •a "li 
 
 Pi!. 'B "'E Pol 'BOilatuy tlinog 'Biun 
 M. ""6 PO'N "'ot' P8E 'IBSnjJod 'iiaqsil 
 ■a PEE 
 ■N "181' PIE -iailinx oilBisy 'luaiBsnjaf 
 
 AV "'El 
 PBS -NT "'6 PEB 'saip"! IsaM 't-'UBABH 
 •a ""i PO N "162 Pef 'a^uBjj 'ajABH 
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 PE9 -N '"5!- PI'I- 'lilloog-BAON 'yEjliEH 
 
 ■a '"51' PEi 'N lUIE PSl 'saipi'I 'a 'bod 
 
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 ■a "185 P8 'N '"So Vn 'Men 'Eouao 
 
 •a '"IS 
 
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 ■a "165 
 PSS 'H "II PIS' '-faviJiJ. 'airtounuuisuoo 
 
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 •a "MfS PBI 
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 M "iRI 
 Poi 'N "'91' P6l 'Hi^BH 'sioo"EJj adco 
 
 •a "'OE 
 P89 'N l"SE PtE 'faipui ISBg 'Eiliia|63 
 •a "EI PEITN "'8 PEB 'B"!'ia '""liiEj 
 •A\ il'OE POi 
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 ■a '"81 PlEN"'EPOE'lil'<»a 'OJIBO 
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 M >"6o Pt' "N '"EB PSl" 'aDuEij 'isajg 
 
 ■a "IS Pil 'N "19 PIC 'Blsaiig 'Aiuisajg 
 
 'S '"no 
 
 PEi -N "liS P8I 'ss'.pui JSBa 'XEqiiioa 
 
 •AV i"8B PE9' 
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 ■a "'Ci' PEB'N "'85 PiE 'aw.ijo 'silmhv 
 
 •a"'ll'P0f''N"'BEPt'9'B!ssnu'i'<3uEM3-iv 
 
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A TABLE, 
 
 37 
 
 Showing the distances, by the shortest mail routes, between the state capitals, the principal cities, and 
 the capitals of territories, respectively. Prepared by direction of the Postmaster General, 1831, and 
 published by his permission : To which are added, the latitude and longitude of the several places. 
 
 Lat. all North Lon. all West ; and calculated for the meridian of Greenwich, 5' or miles East of 
 
 London. London is in North Lat. 51° 31'. The distances on some of the principal routes for. travellers 
 in tlie United States, are annexed. 
 
 Distances on the routes from Boston, 
 Mass. to Nnw-York, Alliany and Ilufla- 
 lo, N, y., Ciiu-iniinti, Oliio, and New- 
 
 Oilc.m.s, I viii I.iiiifj Island Sound, 
 
 llinlludsnii Rivi-r, tlif Erii; Canal, Lake 
 Erie. Miami (-anal, nnil the Ohio and 
 IMtssissipiii Riv.'rs. 
 
 From Boston to Providence, R. I. 40 in. 
 Ne\V|iort, 70— Block Island, 96— New- 
 I.ondon, Conn. 119— Mouth of Cl. river, 
 135— New- Haven, IGS—BridReport, 175— 
 Norwalk, 195— Sand's Point, I.. I. 217— 
 Frog's Pi. 223— Hell Gate, 234— JVcio York, 
 £40. From JVfio York to Manhattanville, 
 on the Hudson river, 7 miles— Tarrytown, 
 S5— Sing Sing, 3-2— Stonev Pt. 37— Peeks- 
 kill, 41— St. Anthony's Nose, 44— West 
 Pt. 51— NeHliurgh, 60— Poughkecpsie, 75 
 —Hyde Park, 81 — Colnnihus, 89— Red 
 Hook, 100— Catskill, 110— Hudson, 116- 
 Kinderhook, 124— Coeymans, 131 — ilba- 
 vy, 144. From Jilbany to Schenectady, 
 by the Eric Canal, 30 miles ; (by the Mo- 
 hawk and Hudson Rail-road, 16) — Am- 
 Eterdam, 46 — Caushnawaga, S"? — Canajo- 
 harie, 69— Little Falls, 88— Herkinu-r, 95 
 — Utica, 110— Rome, 125— Oneida Creek, 
 141— Chittenango, 154— Manlius, 162— 
 Svracuse, {salt morks) 171— Jordan. 191 
 — Monle/.uma, 206— Lyons, 236— Palmy- 
 ra, 241— Pitlsfoid, 260— Rochester, 270— 
 Ogden, 282— Brockport, 290— Portville, 
 309— Middleport, 321— Lockpoit, 33.3— 
 Tonawanla, 352— Black Rock, 360— Bu/- 
 falo, 363. From Bvgalo to the inoulh of 
 the fliaumee river, Ohio, at the western 
 point of Lake Erie, by the Lake, 246 m. 
 (From B. to Erie, Penn. 83— Cleveland, 
 190— Detroit, 330 ) From the mouth of 
 the Mauliiee, to Fort Defiance, Ohio, by 
 the M iami canal, which is nearly finished, 
 56 ni.— Foit St. Marv'f, 110— Hardin, 135 
 — Daylon, 185— [lainilton, 230— Oncm- 
 jiati, 250. From aiuiniiati, down the 
 Ohio river, to Vcvay, 0.5— Louisville, 132 
 — Rockport, 277— Ml. Veriion,353— Mouth 
 of Cumberland river, 445— Mouth of Ten- 
 r, 450— 'l-o the junction of the 
 
 Mi! 
 
 !ip_pi 
 
 nd Ohii 
 
 , 503— Nc 
 
 Madrid, 568— Big Prairie, 7;'0— Month of 
 Arkansas river, 889— Tompkins, 1026— 
 Walnut Hills, 1073 — Natchez, 1176 — 
 Mouth of Red river, 124S— Baton Rouge, 
 1449— JVeio Orleans, 14t;0. 'I'lilal niuuber 
 of miles from Evston to JVcio Orleans by 
 this route, 2,723. 
 
 From Cincinnati to Maysville, (up the 
 Ohio liver,) 57 miles— Burliiicton, 144— 
 Galli|iolis,lB5- ■ ~" ""' 
 
 4U1— Middle 
 rinnillieuii 
 
 (julhof thcMi! 
 
 358— Faucitslowii,4Ul— Middleuuvii,438 
 — Piltsburah, 449. 
 Ohio and Mls^issl 
 18 miles below till- 
 171 miles. 
 
 Fioni JVcM Yorkto Jilaunt Vernon, \'n. 
 To Newalk Bay, N.J. 8 miles— Elizabeth 
 Towiipoiiit,10—Aliiboy,23— New Bruns- 
 wick, (up the Raritim,) 35— Princeton, 
 by stage, 50— Tienlon, by do. 60— Bord.n- 
 town, on the Del. river, 67 — Bristol, Peim. 
 77— Burlington, N. J. 78— Philadelphia, 
 97— Newcastle, on the Del. 132— Fnnch- 
 town, on the Chesapeake, by Rail Road. 
 148— Pool's Island, 187— Ballimoie, 217 
 —Washington, 255- Ale.xaudria, 202— 
 
 Man 
 
 '. Vcn 
 
 of th' 
 
 Troy, 
 
 -^ro-^ZZ^-^oiair.ol: 
 
 
 0S = i-O-=x-5Z>tt:-= = 
 
 i5i^--'g:ll?-<fl-=' 
 
 "s-"?- • 2:'5!»P~--?'^pp?p-. :- ■ ^'«;' _• - =• 
 
 s 
 
 44.17 
 43.12 
 44.17 
 42.21 
 41.51 
 41.40 
 42.39 
 40.43 
 40.14 
 40.16 
 39.57 
 39,10 
 39.00 
 39.17 
 38.53 
 37.30 
 35.47 
 ^3.57 
 ^.50 
 33.07 
 32.02 
 33.12 
 32.23 
 29.58 
 36.10 
 38.14 
 39.47 
 39.55 
 38,50 
 38.36 
 38.46 
 42.24 
 34.38 
 30.28 
 
 a 
 
 69.50 
 71.29 
 72.36 
 71.04 
 71.26 
 73.50 
 73.45 
 74.01 
 74.39 
 76.50 
 75.11 
 75.30 
 76.43 
 70.30 
 76.55 
 77.21 
 78.48 
 81.07 
 79.48 
 83.-J0 
 81.03 
 87.42 
 90.08 
 90.07 
 86.42 
 84.40 
 83.03 
 86.05 
 89.02 
 92.08 
 89.53 
 83.58 
 92.10 
 84.36 
 
 1 
 
 gcjgj-'^W'^^tooJsw&cnwwecQC'-sijiyitxwaiwK'i-iJociooix^ 
 
 gusta 
 
 s> 
 
 97 
 63 
 103 
 13! 
 153 
 J49 
 308 
 418 
 338 
 414 
 406 
 436 
 474 
 590 
 760 
 374 
 1018 
 1116 
 1136 
 13.32 
 1509 
 1677 
 1188 
 982 
 797 
 998 
 U17 
 1426 
 1292 
 804 
 1542 
 1370 
 
 ord. 
 
 160 
 200 
 205 
 148 
 29! 
 358 
 425 
 388 
 464 
 516 
 486 
 524 
 646 
 810 
 1024 
 1068 
 1106 
 1186 
 |382 
 1559 
 1727 
 1192 
 980 
 795 
 996 
 1215 
 1424 
 1290 
 800 
 1549 
 1420 
 
 pliep 
 
 a 
 
 40 
 97 
 163 
 207 
 266 
 376 
 296 
 372 
 424 
 394 
 432 
 554 
 718 
 932 
 976 
 1074 
 1094 
 1290 
 1467 
 1635 
 1146 
 940 
 755 
 956 
 1175 
 1384 
 12.50 
 814 
 1500 
 1328 
 
 ||SSSr|r^||gfegg£|||2|g^ggg||g.S5 Providence. 
 
 S|yg^Sggg||||gSSgggggEaig|g5 Hartloid. 
 
 r?=Lf^^f7^i!^ = g|fg3g|§|gg|geg Albany. 
 
 Sterillij^iyMgSSIsSHsgsSisSa ''••"'•^-^■ 
 
 128 
 30 
 106 
 
 158 
 128 
 166 
 288 
 452 
 660 
 710 
 808 
 828 
 10'24 
 1201 
 1309 
 880 
 092 
 507 
 708 
 927 
 1137 
 1002 
 631 
 1234 
 1063 
 
 98 
 129 
 102 
 
 72 
 110 
 232 
 396 
 610 
 654 
 752 
 
 968 
 1145 
 1313 
 776 
 564 
 379 
 580 
 799 
 1008 
 874 
 503 
 1133 
 1000 
 
 76 
 
 98 
 136 
 
 636 
 680 
 778 
 798 
 994 
 1171 
 1339 
 8.50 
 662 
 477 
 678 
 897 
 1100 
 972 
 601 
 1204 
 1032 
 
 1 
 
 77 
 87 
 114 
 230 
 400 
 614 
 658 
 750 
 776 
 972 
 1149 
 1317 
 828 
 605 
 510 
 687 
 895 
 1094 
 970 
 640 
 1182 
 1010 
 
 i§si°§SsSsi.?'ii"£"W""" AnnapoHs. 
 
 38 
 100 
 324 
 538 
 582 
 080 
 700 
 890 
 1073 
 1241 
 752 
 589 
 429 
 Oil 
 819 
 1018 
 894 
 504 
 
 934 
 
 ^iKSS5!5"".-SgSg££gg;S Washington. 
 
 C-. CO C-. C-. = « t,- C-. - .«. C^ Cj, St (0 li .«. O = lO 
 
 i\ -_■ ~ ; r r = - -. y \j > - -3 5 — Columbia. 
 
 
 t = ^ :i § - ^' l! '-. ;' ^i - ^' ~ i% Charleston. 
 
 
 ^o^-'i T o-jgdIoo- ^'^3 Milledgeville. 
 
 
 -iiS5SS§oli§Sw Savannah. 
 
 
 -(''Sir^'-*^^'^""^ Tuscaloosa. 
 
 
 tMdMMriWi •'»'='''^""' 
 
 ^^SS Indianapolis. 
 
 Vaiida 
 
 R^TaS Jefferson. 
 
 St. Louis. 
 
 - -.2 Detroit. 
 
 Potomac, 
 
 From Alhmiy l" . 
 by the Champlaiii i,ii , , 1 . ,: 
 ford, 11— StiUwaiLi, J,; -, 
 Sclmvlerville, 35— Fort Mi. 
 Edward, 48— Fort Ann, H" v 
 72— Ticonderoga, by l.nk' i 
 96— Crown Poial, 111— IlaMn II 
 — Essex, 133— Biirliiiglon, 147-1 
 163 — Plattsbiir!!li, 171 — Cliaz 
 
 Chaniplain, l'J8—S:. Johns, L. C. 2-20— 1' ^^ == =^ - ; 
 
 La Prairie, (by Land,) '238 — .Montreal, (by packet,) 247 — (Quebec, 413.) From Albany to Ballston Spa,^ — Saratoga Springs^ 
 
 Fiom Boston to Burlington. Vt. Concord, Mass. 16— Grolon, 32— New Ipswich, N. H. 53— Keeiie, 79— Walpolc, 93— 
 Rutland, Vt. 144— Middl..b;irv, 175— Vergennes, US— Burlington, 210. 
 
 From Boston to h'.ai-iporl. Me 'by Sicam-Boat.) Cape Ann, 30— Portsmouth, 7ft— Portland, 116— Bath, 14&—Peminaquid 
 Point, 166— Bollasi, 220— Castine, 2.37— Machias, %ii—F.astport, 369 miles. 
 
 Buffalo to Ogdcnslmr^'U. Ni.iitara Falls, 21 miles— Lcwistnn, 23— Fort Niagara, 35— Genesee river, (on Lake On- 
 
 Lillle Rock. 
 
 109- 
 
 Bay, 144— O...' 
 
 iviil, h-; ijiH r.iii 
 
 ■ego rlv 
 e, 444.) 
 
 172 — Sackett's Harbour, 212 — Cape -Vincent, 232 — Moi-ristown, 253— 
 
 k, Ifr— Barnegat Inlet, 74— G. Egg Harbor, 126— Cape May, 171— Cape Charles, 
 
 tie, 35— Reedy Island 45— Sir 
 
 T. d.i 
 
 
 "/A-, N.ijili 1'' 
 
 From L/i'ii;...",n fc. <;. to .Sui-ann,,/, ami ./.,!,'...stu, l.i o .-Miiiivnii s \^i: , ,)— i.i..;lil-House, 13— N. Edislo river, (Iii-SU 
 
 Helena Sound, 40— I'ort Royal Entiaiice, 7i'— -Iibee Llglit House, 93— .Saivuiim/i. lOc^Onslovv Island, 115— Ebenezer, 13(1— 
 Sister's Ferry, 148— lieutou's Ferry, 187— Dog Ferry, 2ia— Gray's Landing, 22(5— Williams' Ferry, 244— ^iif ui(«, 248. 
 
38 
 
 TABLE OF DISTANCES, 
 
 ON SOME FniXJ-CZFAI. ROUTES IN THE UNITED STATES. 
 On the east side of the Hudson River, by land. 
 
 From the Buttery, in the city of New Yorl(, to Fori Washington, 12 miles ; Harlem River, across King's Bridge, near Port 
 Independence, S— 14 ; Yonkers, i—\% ; Dobb's Fcrri/, 6—'2i ; Tarrytou>n, 7—31 ; Sing Sin f, 5—36 ; Peekslcill, U—VI ; Fisli- 
 kill, 22—69 I PouglOceepsic, 17—86 ; (Hartford, Conn., GS ms. :) Rhinebeck, 15—101 ; (to Hartford, Conn., 70 :) Redkook, 7—108 ; 
 C(e;-m»nt, 8—116 ; Hudson, 17— ]33 ; (to JVest Stockbridgc, 30 ; Pittsjicld, 30 ; Lebanon Springs, X ; Hartford,7i:) Kinderkouk, 
 15—148; (Landing, 3 ms. :) areenbush, l:i— 161 ; tVest Stockbridge, 37 ms. :) Bath, 2—163; TVot/, 6—169 ; Lansinirbur(r, 
 3—172; Schaticoke, 7—179; Hosiek River, 2—181 ; Batten Kill, 15—196 ; Argyle, 5—201 ; Ferrt Edmnrd, 8 — 209; Sandy HUl, 
 2—211; Glenn's Falls, 2-213; Fort George, (at the head of Lalie George, 12 ms. W. of Fort Ann,) 8— Kl ; Caldwell, 
 2—223; to the junction of the N. W. and N. E. branches of the Hudson River, 7 330 miles. 
 
 On the west side of the Hudson River, to Albany, by the river; and from thence by land. 
 
 From Jersey City to Hoboken, 2 miles ; Fort Lee, 8—10 ; (,=i ins. S. E. of Hackensack :) Tappan, 11—21 ; Jfiack, 4— 3.i ; 
 Warren, 9—34 ; St^ny Point, (light-house,) (1—40 ; Fort Montgomery, 5 — 45 ; IVest Point, near Fort Putnam, 5 — 50 ; JVcio 
 Windsor, 8—58 ; ^Tewburgk, 2— CO ; MMon, 10—70 ; JVtu) Palti Landing, 5—75 ; Ptlham, 7—82 ; Rondout Creek and Kingston 
 Landing, 9~S0; Esopus Creek, (Saugerties,) 10—100; Catskill, 10—110; Mhens, 5—115; (Freehold, 15 ms. N. W. :) Cox- 
 sackic Landing, 8—123 ; Mem Baltimore, 4—127 ; Caimans, 3—130 ; Overslangh Bar, 9—139 ; Mbany, 5—144 ; West Troy, I by 
 land,) 6—150 ; Waterford, 5—155; Half Moon, 4 — 159 ;■ Anthony's Kill, 5—164 ; Stillwater, 4 — 168; Saratom battle ground, 
 3—171; Burgoyne's encampment, 6—177 ; Fart Miller, 3—180; Cumberland, A— l%i ; Baker's Falte, 6— 190; Jessup's Landing, 
 via Hadley, 14—204 ; Mouth of the Sacondaga River, 5—209 ; JVorth-East Branch, 14—233 : to Johnshurgh, up the North-West 
 or Main Branch of the Hudson River, 12.-235 miles. 
 
 From New York to Sag Harbor and Alontauk, Long Island. 
 
 Brooklyn, 1 ; Bedford, 3 — 4 ; Jamaica, 9 — 13 ; ( Rockaway, 9 : ) Hempstead, 9 — 23 ; Happaugne, 27 — 49 ; Rockoncama Pond, 4 — 53 ; 
 Carman's, 11—64 ; Forge, 5—69 ; Marriches', 4—73 ; West Hampton, 0—79 ; Sliincock, 9—88 ; (Sag Harbor, 15 miles :) South 
 Hampton, 6—94; Bridge HampUn, 7—101 ; Bast Hampton, 6—107 ; Montaak Point, 15 122. 
 
 Up the Housatonick River, from town to town. 
 
 From Stratford Point, on Long Island Sound, to Stratford, Conn., 4 miles ; Milford, 4 ; (from Milford to New Haven, 9 
 ms.) From Milford to Huntington, 7 ; Derby, 6 ; Monroe, 6 ; J^ewtown, 7 ; Southbury, 5 ; Brookfield, 5 ; Bridgeicater, 6 ; Mew 
 MUford,3; Kent, ISl ; Sharon, 11 ; Cornwall, 6; Canaan Falls, &; Salisbury, 4; Morth Canaan, 7 ; SAc^c/f/, Mass., 7 ; Great 
 Barrington, 7 ; Stockbridge, 10 ; Lee, 4 ; Lenox, 5 ; Pittsjield, 5 ; Laneshorongh, 6. This is a beautiful river, and its banks 
 are fertile and well cultivated. It exhibits many pleasant towns and much delightful scenery. The beautiful fall, at Ca- 
 naan, of 60 feet perpendicular, is well worthy the notice of travellers. Piltsfield is 1000 feet above the level of the sea. 
 This river atfords manufacturers many fine mill sites ; it is navigable to Derby, 13 miles, and is about 140 miles in length. 
 
 On both sides of the Connecticut River, from Long Island Sound to Canada. 
 
 West Side. From the mouth of Connecticut River, on Long Island Sound, to Westbrook, 2 miles ; Saybrook, 5 — 7 ; Ches- 
 ter, 6— \3; Haddam,b—\S,; Middletown, 9-^ ; Wethersjield, 7—34; Hartford, 8—42; Windsor,7—49 ; S'uffield, 9—58 ; West 
 Sprinirfield, Mass., 14—73; Easthampton, 6—78; JVortkamplon, 3—81 ; (7 miles N. W. of Amherst College ;) HalfieU, 6—87; 
 WAdlcicif, 5— 93 ; Deerjield, 7—99 ; Grenijiad, 4—103 ; Barnardston, 7—110; rer7ion, Vt., 5—115 ; Guilford, 4—119 ; Brattlc- 
 boro', 3—132; Duvmcrston, 6 — 123; Putney, 5—133; Westminster, 7—140; Rockingham, 6—146; Springfield, 10—150; 
 WeatAersfieU, 6—\6'2 ; IVindsor, 7—169; Hartland, 7—176; Hartford, 7—183; JVorwich, 6—189; Thelford, 7—196; Fairlee, 
 5—201; Bradrord, <i— 209 ; JVembury, 5—214; Ryegate, 11—225; Bamet, 6—231; Waterford, 5—236; Concorii, 6—242 ; iu- 
 itMidui-^, 9-251 ; Guiiii/uiH, 8—259 ; Jlfmifetoiic, 7—266 ; Brunswick, 5—371 ; Minehead, 6—377 ; Lemington, 6— 3&3 ; to Co- 
 naan, on the line between Vermont and Lowei Canada, 7 — 290 miles. 
 
 East Side. From Long Island Sound to Lifme, 7 miles; Hadlymc, 6 — 13; East Haddam, 4—17; Middle Haddam, 6—23; 
 East Hampton, 2—35 ; Chatham, 8 — 33 ; Glastenlmrg, 5—38 ; Eastbury, 2 — 40 ; East Hartford, 5—45 ; East Windsor, 7—52 ; 
 Warehouse Point, .1—57 ; Enfield, 4—61 ; Longmeadow. Mass., 5—66 ; Springfield, 5—71 ; Ludlow, 6 — 77 ; South Hadley, 5—82 ; 
 Hadleii, 6—88 ; Sunderland, 10—93 ; Montague, 6—104 ; JVorthjield, 10—114 ; Hindsdale, JV. H., 7—121 ; Chesterfield, 7—128 ; West- 
 moreland, 7—135 ; Walpole, 7—143 ; Bellows' Falls, e—l4S ; Charlestown, 6—154; Claremont, 6—160; Cornish, 6—166; Plain- 
 field, 5—171; Lebanon, 6—177; Hanover, (Dartmouth College,) 6—183; Lime, 6—189; Oxford, 6—195; Piermout, 6—201; 
 /fiicer/ii/;, 5—206 ; BatA, 9—215 ; Lyman, (Falls,) 7—222; Littleton, 11—233; (20 miles N. W. of the White Mountains;) 
 Bolton, 8—241 ; Lancaster, 10—251 ; JVorthmnberland, 6—257 ; Stratford, 9—266 ; Columbia, 9—275 ; Stewardstown, 4—279 ; 
 
 to Hereford, L. C, 11 290 miles. Saybrookisin N. Lat. 41° 18' and Vv. Lon. 73'" 24'. Canaan Lat. 45° N. and Lon. 71° 33' W. 
 
 From Boston to Eastport, Maine. 
 
 From Boston to Ltinn, 9; (from Lynn to Marblekeod, 5:) Salem, 5 — 14; Beverly, 2 — 16; {Gloucester, Cape Ann, 13:) 
 Wenluim,3— 18; Hamilton, 3—30 ; Ipswich, 4-34 ; Rowley, 3 — 27; Mewbury, 4 — 31; Mewburyport, 3 — 34; Salisbury, 3—37 ; 
 Hampton Falls, N. H., 7—44 ; Greenland, 9—53 ; Ports-mouth, 5—68 ; (Dover, 12 :) Kitteni, 7—65 ; York, 4—69 ; Wells, 7—76 ; 
 Kenncbunk, 8—84 ; Kennebunk-port, 3 — 87, Biddeford, 6—93; Saco, 2—95; Scarborough, Maine, 9-104; Portland, 6 — 110; 
 Falmouth, 5—115 ; JV. Yarmouth, 6—121; Freeport, 7—138; Brunswick, 9—137, (Bowdoin College;) Bath, 8—145; Wool- 
 wich, 3-147 ; Wiscassrt, 7-154; Sheepscot, 5—159 ; Mobleboro' , 7—166 ; Waldoboro', 10—176; Warren, 8—184; Tkomaslon, 
 e— 190 ; Camden, 13-302 ; Lincolnville, 7—209 ; J^Torthport, 8—217 ; Belfast, 3—220 ; Prospect, 6—226 ; Bucksport, (on the E. 
 Bide of Penobscot River,) 12—238 ; Orland, 3—241 ; Ellsworth, 16—257 ; Trenton, 7—264 ; Sullivan, 5—209 ; OoUsboro', 
 6—275 ; Steuben, 8—283 ; Cherryfield, 7—290 ; Harrington, 3—293 ; Columbia, 8—301 ; Jonesboro', 8—309 ; W. Machias, 
 
 8—317; E. Machias, 4— 33\ ; Whiting, 13—334; Lubeck, 11— 345 ;' Eastport, 3 348. (From EnslTiort to Pfrr?/, 6 ; Robbins- 
 
 town, 6—12 ; Calais, (near St. Andrews, N. B.,) 12.-24.) Eastport and Lubeck are contiguous towns, near the' mouth of the 
 River St. Croix, on Passamaquoddy Bay, which connects with the Bay of Fundy, at the N. E. boundary of the United 
 States. These ports have a noble harbor, and participate largely in foreign and domestic commerce, for which their loca- 
 tion is exceedingly favorable. Population of Eastport, 1820, 1,937; 1830,2,450. Population of Lubeck, 1820,1,430; 1830, 
 1,535. Eastport is in Lat. 44° 50' N. ; Long. 67" W. ; 50 miles S. W. of St. John, N. B., 60 miles W. by S. of Annapolis, 
 or Port Royal, N. S., and 220 W. by N. from Halifax. Cape Sable, the most southern point of Nova Scotia, is in N. Lat. 
 43° 23', and Long. 65" 32' W. 
 
 From Boston to New York. 
 
 From Boston to Cambridge, 3: Watertown, 4 — 7; Waltham, 3 — 10; Weston, 4 — 14; Sudbury, 5 — 19; Marlboro', 10—29; 
 JVortAJoro', 5— 34 ; Slireu>slmry,'5 — .39; Worcester, 6—45; (by the turnpike, 39;) South Leicester, 7—52; Charlton, 5—57; 
 Sturbridire, 6—63 ; Holland. 6—69 ; Stafford, Conn., 9—78; Stafford Springs, 2—80; Tolland, 7—87; rcmon, 8— 95 ; Man- 
 chester, 3— 98; Hartford, 7-105 ; Middletown, 15— 120 ; JVein Haven, 25-145; Milford, 9—154; Stratford, 5—159 ; Bridge- 
 port, 4 103; Fairfield, 4 — 167; Green Farms, 6— 173; JVoriralk, 4—177; Middlesex, 6-183; Stamford, 4 — 187; Greenwich, 
 
 5-192; Rye, N. Y., 5—197; East Chester, 10—207 ; West Farms, 4—211 ; Harlem, 6—217; JVew York, 7 224 miles. 
 
 From Boston to Cape Cod, New Bedford and Nantucket, Mass. 
 
 From Boston to Dorchester, 3;Meponset Bridge, 2—5 ; Quincy, 3 — 8; (Quincy Point,3; Hingham, 4 — 6:) Hayward's Creek, in 
 Braintree,3— 10 ; WeymouUi, l—U ; (South Weymouth,3; Abington,5—8; EastBridgcieater,5 — 13; South Bridgewater, 3 — 16; 
 Middleboro', 1 1—27; JVVjaj Bcdrord, 14—41:) Seitaate, 6—17 ; Hanover, 6—23 ; Pembroke, 3—23 ; Duibury, 3—29 ; Kingston, 2—31 ; 
 
 Plymouth, 4 35 ; Sandwich, 18 — 53 ; Barnstable, 12—65 ; Yarmouth, 4 — 69 ; Hardwick, 10-79 ; Orleans, 5—84 ; Eastham, 4—88 ; 
 
 Wellfteet, 10—98; Truro, 8—106; Provincetown, 9 115. (From Sandwich to Falmouth, 18; Wood's Hole, 4—22; Mar- 
 tha's Vineyard, 9—31 ;—JVantucket, 18—49.) Nantucket is in N. Lat. 41° 13' to 41° 22', and W. Lon. 69° 56' to 70° 13'. 
 
 From Boston to Burlington, Yt., via Montpelier. 
 
 From Boston to Medford, 5 ; Wobum, 5—10 ; Burlington, 3—13 ; Billerica, 6—19 ; Chelmsford, 4—23 ; Tyngsboro', 5—28 ; 
 DuTtstable.N. II., 5— 33; JVashua Village, 4—37; Merrimack, 5 — 42; Amherst, 6 — 48; Mount Vernon, 3— 51; Francistown, 
 13— 63; Hillsboro', 9—72; Washington, 7—79; Lempsler, 7—86; Claremont, 10—96; Windsor, Vt., 9—105; Woodstock, 
 4—109 ; Barnard, 8—117 ; Royalton, 8—135 ; Randolph, 10—135 ; Brookfield, 9 144 ; WiUiamstown, 4—148 ; Barre, 5—153 ; 
 Montpelier, 7-160; Moretown,6 — 160; Waterbury, 7-173 ; Bolton, 7—180 ; Richmond, 5—185 ; Willistan, 5—190 ; Burlington, 
 
 10 200. Burlington is in Lat. 44" 28' N. Lon. 73° 15' W. 
 
 From Brunswick to Bangor, Maine. 
 
 From Brujisioici to Topsham,3; Bowdoinham,y!—9 ; Litchfield, 6—15; Gardiner, 7—32; Halloaell, "7-39 ; ,gugusta, 3—33 ; 
 rassalboro',6—38; Harlem, 13— 51 ; Fairfax, 3— 54; Unity, 14—68; Kmgsville, 6—74; IJiimojil, 6— 80 ; Meaburgh, 9—89; 
 Hampden, 9—98 ; Bangor, 6 104. 
 
 On the Kennebeck River, in Maine. 
 
 From Paint Popham to Phipsburgh, (bv lini,) 7 tniles; Balk, 5— 13; Topsham, via Brunswick, (8) 14—26; Bowdoinham, 
 8—34; Richmond, 5—39; Gardiner, 7—46 ; Hallawell, 4 — 50; Augusta, (at the head of navigation,) 3—53 ; Sidney, 10— 63 ; 
 Wateroille, 8—71; Fairfield, 6—77; Bloomficld, 7—84; Morridgewock, 10—94; Starks, 6—100; Anson, 5—105; Embden, 
 6—111 ; to Moosehead Lake, 51.— 162 miles. 
 
 On the Penobscot River, in Maine. 
 
 From Castine, on the east side of Penoliscot Bay, in Lat. 44° ■24' N., Long. 67° 55- W., and 8 miles S. E. of the town of 
 Penobscot, to Belfast, across the bav, \V. by N., 11 miles. From Beirasl to Prospect, (by land,) 11; Frankfort, 10—91; 
 Hampdtn, 7—98 ; Bannr, 6—34 ; Orono, 11—45 ; mouth of Pleasant River, 9.T— 70 ; to the mouth of the River Maltowamkeag, 
 30 100 miles. Ban-wr, at the head of ship navigation on this river, is more than 50 miles above the entrance of Penob- 
 scot Bay. It is a very pleasant town, and its commerce is rapidly increasing. Population, in 1810, 8o0 ; 1830, 2,868 ; aoo 
 , in 1833, 5,195. N. Lat. 44° 41'; Long. 68° 25' W. 
 
 \ 
 
39 
 
 Distances from Ausrusf a, Me-, to Quebec, tower Canada. 
 
 Sidney, lH; n'aterville, S—H ; F„irj!M, 4— -Jl ; Bl«omfidd, 7—28; JVurridgewoek, 5—33; Jlnaon, 11— i4 ; Dead Rivfr, 
 20—61 ; Forks of Kennebec Rioer, 15—79 ; Jlloasc /iiT'er, 21-103; Cliaudierc Rioer, 37—140 ; (jiicjcc, 00.— 300. 
 
 From Portsmouth, N. H., to the White Mountains, and Lancaster, on Connecticut River. 
 
 Piseataqua Bridge, 7 i Dover, 5 — 13; JiToraaii Plain, 11-23; Milton, 11—34; LooeweWa Pond, 6—40; Onsippee Church, 
 n— 51 ; Ossipee Lake, 8—59 ; Siz Mile Pond, 8— W ; Swift River, 7—74 ; Momr Siico River to the Gap of tlie Wlalc Mountains, 
 27—101 ; WIdppledale, 17—118; Lancaster,! .—\'i&. PortsnioiUll is in Lat. 43° 9' N., Long. 70° 45' W. 
 
 From Worcester, Mass., to Aiagara Falls, via Albany, by land. 
 
 Leicester, 5; Spencer, 7—12 ; BrovlJicU, 7— I'J ; n'oi-e, 7— 26 ; BeJcAerfuinn, 9— 35 ; «ViiHej, 10— 45 ; Northampton, \—K ; 
 Chesterfield, 11—57 ; WorUiington, 6-63 ; Pern, 8—71 ; Dultan, 6—77 ; Pittjtfield, 7—84 ; Hancocli, 5—89 ; Mem Lebanon Springs, 
 2— 91 ; JVdssaa, 8 — 99; Sc/wi/ac/;, 12— 111 ; Greentus/t, 6—117 ; Albany, 1—118; Sc/iOTCcforfi/, 16— 134 ; ./ams^cn/nm, 16— 150 ; 
 Caughnawaga, 11—161 ; Palatine, 12—173 ; East Canada Cr., 7—180 ; Little Falls, 7—187 ; //eriimer.S— 195 ; Frankfort, 6—201 ; 
 Utiea, 9—210 ; ( Trenton Falls, 15, N. ;) JVcio Hartford, 4—214 ; Manchester, 5—219 ; Vernon, 8—227 ; Oneida Castle, .5—232 ; 
 Chitteningo, 11—243: Manilas, (Square,) 8—251 ; Onondaira Holloa, 10—261 ; Jl/arccHus, 8—269 ; S*i!neo(e!cs, 6—275 ; Unburn, 
 7— 282; Cai/u™, 8— 290; Seneca Falls, 4—^1 ^ Oaiei-a, II— 305 ; Canandaigua, \6—V^l ; IVest Bloomfictd, 14—335 ; jSpoti, 
 11—346; Caledonia, a— 354 i Lcrotj, 6—360 i Batjivia, 10—370; Pemlrote, 14— 384 ; Ctorence, 8— .392; irHliamsville, 8— 400 ; 
 Buffalo, 10—410 ; Black Rode, 3—413 ; Tonamanta Cr., 8—421 ; Falls of Niagara, on the American side, 10. — 131. 
 
 From Boston to New London, Connecticut, via Providence, R. I. 
 
 Rozbury,^; Dedliam, 8 — 10; fValpole, 10—^0 ; Ifrentliam, 7—27 ; Pawtucket,9—36 ; Providence, 4 — 40; CenfrcriJJc, 11— 51 ; 
 West Greenwich, 2 — 53 ; Hopkinton, 15 — 68 ; Stonington, 1 1 — 79 ; Ncu> London, 17. — 96 miles. New London is located at the month 
 of the River Thames, 3 miles from Long Island Sound, and has a safe and commodious harbor. This port has a large amount 
 of tonnage, much of which is engaged in the coasting trade. The whaling and sealing business has recently been com- 
 menced at this place, with much spirit and success. 42 ms. S. E. of Hartford ; .50 E. of New Haven ; 49 W. of Newport, 
 and 121 N. E. of New York. N. Lat. 4Jo 24', Long. 72" 9' W. Norwich, 13 miles north of New London, at the head of 
 navigation on the Thames, affords an e.xtensive water power, which is well itnpvoved, by its wealthy and industrious citi- 
 zens, for various manufacturing operations. Both of these little cities are pleasant, and the latter e.xceedingly romantic in 
 its appearance ; the country around them is delightful, and highly cultivated ; and such is the ease with which they are ap- 
 proached by steam-boats and good roads, Ih.it no section of the sea-board otTers a more desirable residence ; where polished 
 society, and all the rational enjoyments of a large city, are presented, without its noise and bustle. 
 
 From Lowell, Mass., to Burlington, Yt., via Concord, N. H., and the AVhite Mountains. 
 
 Tijngsboro\7 ; Naslma, 8— \5; Merrimack, 6— 21; PiMoto/uo, 10— 31 ; .-Jmosteo/r, 2— 33 ; Hookset,7—40 ; Concord, 8—48 ; 
 Winnipiseagee Bridge, 17—65 ; Union Bridge, 4— Oil ; Ouildfurd, 7—76 ; Ceiilre Harlmr, 13—89 ; Siz Mile Pond, 24—113 ; Con- 
 wati, 11—124 ; Bartletl, 10—134 ; Crawford's Farm, 7—141 ; Notch House, 6—147 ; White Mt. Notch, 2—149 ; E. A. Crawford''!, 
 5—154; iitUelon, 20— 174; JI/<ra(;ieKer, 40— 214 ; ifuWino-lon, 38.— 252. 
 
 From Providence to Albany, N. Y., via Springfield and Stockbridge, Mass. 
 
 aiourester,\5; French River, Ct., 13— 'iS ; Itoodstiick, 4—3i ; Ashford, 6—X ; Roaring River, 8— 46; Somers, 1 1— 57 : 
 S;)W«?/icW, Mass., 9— Ij6; Jfestfrlil, 8-74 ; Blaiidroid, W— 84 ; ri/r.nrr/mm, 15— 99 ; Storkbridire, 9-1.08 ; Concord, N. Y., 
 14—122 ; Union, 10—132 ; OreenbusU. 8—140 ; Albany, 1.-141. Asliford is 30 miles E. of Hartford. 
 
 From New York to Washington, by land, via Philadelphia and Baltimore. 
 
 Newark, N. J., 9 ; Campton, 3—12 ; Springfield. 4—16 ; Scotch Plains, 6—22 ; Plaiiifield, 3—25 ; Somerrille, 9—34 ; Rarilon 
 Bridge, 4— 33; Old Ringos, 12— 50 ; Lamiertsville, 6— .56 ; New Hope, Penn., 1— .57 ; GreenuiV/c, 5— 62 ; Hatburounh, 11—73; 
 Abington,4—7~; Tacony Cr., 3—80 ; Milestoim, 2—32 ; Rising Sun, 3—85 i Philadelphia, 4—89 ; Sehuiilkill Ru-cr, 1—90 ; 
 Darby, 6— 96; Chester, 8—104 ; Brandywine Cr., 13—117; Wilmington, Del., 1—118; Newport, 4—122'; Christiana Cr., 
 10-132 ; Big Elk Cr., Md., 4—136 ; Elkton, 1—137 ; North E. River, 8—145 ; Susyuchannah River, 7—1.52 ; Havre de Oraee, 
 1—153 ; Hartford, 1 1—164 ; Oreat Ounpowder Falls, 6—170 ; Bird's Run, 3—173 ; Herring's Run, 8—181 ; Baltimore, 4—185 ; 
 awinn's Falls,3—188; Patapsco River, 5—193 ; Patuxent River, E. Branch, 9-239; Patuzent iiii-er, VV. Branch, 4—206 ; 
 VanesviUe, 3—209 ; Bladenshurgli, 8—217 ; Washington, 6.-823. 
 
 From Albany to Niagara Falls, via Cherry Valley and Rochester. 
 
 Ouilderland, 14 ; State Bridge, 12—26 ; Cherry f-'alley, 26—59 ; Little Lakes, 10—62 ; Bridgewaler, 90—89 ; Madison, 14 96 : 
 
 Cdzeuocia, 12— 108; Manlius, 12—120; Si/rncn.se, 7—127 ; Elbridge, 15—142; Weerfs Port, 6—148 ; Jl/on(e!iim(i,9— 157 ; Lyons, 
 17—174; Pahmira, 14—188; Pjtbftri;, '1.5- 213 ; fioc4es«er, 8— 21 1 ; Cfartson, 18— 229 ; OaA OrcAart/, 22— 251 ; Lewiston, 
 40-391 ; Niagara Falls, 7.-298. Niagara Falls, Lat. 43" 13' N., Lon. 78° 55' VV. 
 
 From New York to Canandaigua, through NeAV Jersey, and via Owego and Ithaca, N. Y. 
 
 JVcjeari, 9; C/iniAam, 11— 20 ; -Woi-ristoa™, 8—28; J^-Virfojon, 28— 56 ; Milford, 20—76; TaJton,22—98 ; Canaan, 15— 113 ■. 
 Jl/onlrose, 34— 147 ; Ojecjo,30— 177 ; /1/wea, 29— 206 ; Geneoa, 45— 251 ; Canandziigua, 16 207. 
 
 From Whitehall, N. Y., to Montreal, L. C. 
 
 Tieonderoga,24; Crown Point, 15 — 39; Basin Harbor, 12 — 51; fcsei, 12— 63 ; Split Rock, 2— 65; Burlington, 12— 77 ; Port 
 Eent,ll—S8; Platlsburgh, 15— 103 ; Chaiy, 15— 118 ; Roizse's Point, 12— 130; Isle auz Noiz , 10— 140 ; St. .Johns, li— 154 ■, 
 Chanibly, 12—166 ; Longucil, 13—179 ; Montreal, 2 181. Whitehall is 37 miles N. E. of Saratoga Springs. 
 
 From Philadelphia to Squam Beach, via Mount Holly, N. J. 
 
 Camden, I; Waterfordville, 5—6 ; Moorestown, 4 — 10; Mount Holly, 8—18; Juliatown, 5—23 ; Hanover Furnace, 6—29 ; 
 Tom's River Bridge, 20—49 ; Squam Beach, 9 58. Mount Holly is 21 miles S. W. of Trenton. 
 
 From Philadelphia to Kingston, on the Hudson River, via Easton, on the Dela%vare. 
 
 Rising Sun, 4 ; MHrstown, 3—7 ; Jenkintown, 4—11 ; Willowirr. re, 3—14 ; Neshaminy Cr., 10—24 ; Doyleston, 2—26 ; Thicken 
 Cr., 10—36 ; Durham Cr., 10—46 ; Eostim, 9—55 ; |95 milesto top of griioolv's Mountain :) Hope, N. J., 19—74 ; Johnson- 
 burg, 7— SI ; Newtown, \0—9\ ; Hamburg, [on VValkill Rivei,) 12— 103; Vernon, 7— 110; Warwick, ii.\ .,9— 119; Florida, 
 vil., 6—125 ; Goshen, 6—131 ; Montgomery, 9—140 ; New Paltl, 21—161 ; S/irin^tmrii, 3—164 ; Rimndont Cr., 5— !69 ; Kings- 
 ton, 8.-177. Schooly's Mountain, N. J., is a fashionable resort in summer months ; 45 miles W. by N. of New York. 
 
 From Philadelphia to Pittsburg, by the Great Western Road. 
 
 Scknylkill River,2; Back Tavern, 8—10 ; Paoli Tavern, 10— 20 ; Downington, 12— 32 ; Sadsbury, 10—49; Paradise, 12— 54 ; 
 Lancaster, 10— 64 ; Eliiabethtown, 19— S3 ; Middleton, 7—90 ; Harrisburgh, 8—98 ; Carlisle, 18— 116 ; Shippensburir, 20— 136; 
 Chambersbnrg, 11— 147 ; Loudentown, 13—160; Juniata River, 29—182; Bedford, 14—196; Shelsburg, 8—204; Summit of the 
 Alleghany Mountain, 7— 211; Stoyslown, 12— 223 ; Jennerville, 9-2.39; Ligonier, 10—242; yiiiin^sJoKni, 10— 9.59 ; Oreensburg, 
 10—202; Turtle Cr., 19—281 ; Wilkenshurg, 5—280; Pittsburg, 8.-294. Pittsburg is in N. Lat. 40° 32', and Lon. 80° 8' W. 
 
 From Philadelphia to Port Carbon, via Reading, Port Clinton and Schuylkill Haven. 
 
 Oermantown, 6 ; Norristown, 9—15 ; Phanizville, 13—28 ; Potlstown, 14—42 ; Union.<ville, 4 — 46 ; Birdsboro', 6—52 ; Reading, 
 10—02 ; Hamburg, 2.3—85 ; (near the Blue Ridge and Mountain Dam ;) Port Clinton, 4—89 ; Schuylkill Haven, 12—101 ; Potts- 
 riUe, 5—106; Pore Carbon, 2 108. Port Carbon is 69 miles N. E. of Ilarrisburg. 
 
 From Philadelphia to Cape May, via Woodbury and Salem, N. J. 
 
 Camden, 1; Woodbury, R— 9 ; Swedesboro', 10— 19; Wood.stown,6 — 25; Salem, 11— 36 ; Bridgetown,20— 56; Melville 13— 69 • 
 Port Elizabeth, 8—77 ; Dennis, 13—90 ; Cape May, 17.— 107. Cape May is in Lat. 38° 56' N., Lon. 74° 37' W. 
 
 From Baltimore to Reading, Pa., via York and Lancaster. 
 
 Oovarstown,4; Gunpowder Falls, \V. Ttrnnch, 10— 14 ; Gunpowder Falls, M:iin Branch, 9—23 ; Sftreiesftiiri/, 10— 33 ; Codo- 
 rua Cr., 10— 43 ; York, 4 — 47; Wrightsville, 11— 5'i ; Mount Plea.mnt, 5—63 ; Lancasler, 6—69 ; Euphrata, 14— 83; Adamstoan, 
 9 — 92 ; Reading, 10. — 102. Lancaster is a flourishing manufacturing city. 
 
 From Baltimore to New York, by Steam-boats and Rail-roads. 
 
 Fort McHenry, (by steam-boat,) 3 ; Sparrow's Point, 6—9 ; North Point, 4—13 ; Miller's Island, 8—21 ; Poo!'s Island, 8—29 ; 
 Grove Point, 16— 45 ; Turkey Point, 6 — 51; Frcncft Poien, 13— 64 ; New Castle, Del., fby rail-road,) 16 — 80; Christiana Cr., 
 Del., (by steam-boat,) 5—85 ; Marcus Hook, Penn., 8—93 ; Chester, 4—97 ; Lazaretto, 5—102 ; Fort Mifflin, 5—107 ; Philadel- 
 phia, 8— 115; Burlington, N. J., (by steam-boat, up the Del.,) 18—133; Bristol, Penn., 1—134; Sorrfenfoirn, N. J., 9— 143 ; 
 ;rrra(on, 6 nis. above :) Heightstown, {by rail-road,) 14—1.57; Amhoy, 20—177; JVeio lorA-, (by steamboat,) 23.— 200 miles. 
 (The Camden and Amboy R. R. commences at Camden, opposite Philadelphia, and passes thro' Burlington and Bordentown.) 
 From Washington to Dover, Del., via Annapolis, Md. 
 
 Bladensinrg,6; Patuzent River, 13— 19 ; Annapolis,ll— 30 ; across Chesapealie Bay, 9—39 ; Sharklown, .5—44; QueensUvm. 
 8 — 52 J Centremlle,6 — 58; Tuckaho Cr., 10 — 68; Beartown, 4 — 72; Dover, 17. — 89. From Dover to Philadelphia 76 miles. 
 
 From Savannah, Ga., to Charleston, S. C, by land. 
 
 BreJ.'j Ferry, over the Savann,ah River, 95; iTKei'^, Echan Road, 19 — 14; Coosauhatchie, 4—48 ; Poeotati'ro,6—54; Satt- 
 Icetcher Church, 7—61 ; Thompson's Tavern, 9—70 ; Pompon, 11 — 81 ; .Jackson Borough, 3—84 ; Hick's Tavern, ]0— 94 ■ Green's 
 Tavern, 10—104 ; Ashley River, 8—112; Charleston, 6 — 118. From Charleston to iugusta, Ga. by rail-road, 135 miles. 
 
40 
 
 Distances ft-om Baltimore to Wheeling, Va., on the Ohio River, via Ctimberland. 
 
 Owinn's Falls, 5 ; EllicoWs Mills, 8 — 13 ; Poplar Spring, 15—28 ; JVejo Market, 8—36 ; Monacasy River, 4 — 40 ; Frederick, 
 4—44; jVi*Heto7i, 8— 52; Bomwiorauo-A, 6— 58 ; Haaerslomn, 13—71; Conacor.heaqM Or., 6—77; Grcraspi-ino- Cr., 8—85 ; 
 Canoluwaij Cr., 10—95 ; Siitcliitf lldl Or., 10—103 ; Tap of li-i 'r;! .W,rm(/iii, 10 — 1 15 ; Fliatstonr. Cr., 5—1-30 ; "Ciualicrland, 
 15— 133; fenn. Staff Line, 33— 168; SmUkJicM, 6—174 ; Tap of Laurel JI.ll, Iti— 19-3 ; Union, 5—197 i BrowiisriUe, li—Qll ; 
 «H.s»nra', 12— 223 ; tVashington, 11— 234 i Claysoille, 11— 245 i I'leiina, 3—-24S i IVest Union, ti—^R ; IVIiceling,8.—264. 
 Wheeling is a pleasant town, of increasing importance, on tlie east hanit of the Ohio, and is so located as to have become 
 a jireat resort for travellers, hetween the Atlantic and Western States. Mere the great Cumberland mad passes, and here 
 passages, at any time, may be taken to the most distant points on the great waters of the Ohio, Mississippi, iSlissooii, and 
 their trihiitary sire inis. Some distunces on those rivers are given in another table. When the liallimore and f)hio Rail- 
 Ko ui is coin;deIed, a ride over the mountains will be attended with pleasure rather than fatigue. The distances of some 
 places from Wheeling, by laiul, with their latitudes, are here noted. The longitudes a^e all west of Wheeling, e.\cept Pitts- 
 burg. Cuicinnau, Oliiu, Lat. 39' 6' N., 217 miles. ColumOus, 39" 47', 134. ZaaesoilU, 39' 53', 81. Cliilicotlic, 39' 14', l.i.i. 
 Pitliluro-, Penn., 40' 32', 54. FronJ/ort, Ky., 38' 14', 3i3. Ltziiio-d/ii, 38' IB', 290. ioutsi-ii/c, 38° 3', 384. Maysville, 3io 
 40', 223. Fiiicennes, la., 40' 39'. 451. Paoli, 380 34', 390. ijeiruit, Mich., 42' 24', 316. St. iouis. Mo., 38° 40', 614. Coun- 
 sel Blafs, Western Territory, on the Missouri River, Lat. 41° 30' X., 1235 miles. (Steam navigation has already been effect- 
 ed to the mouth of Vellow Stone, 19)0 miles above St. Louis, and 3)43 above New Orleans.) JVaskoiUe, Ten., 36' 10', 494. 
 JWw Orleans, La., 29° 58', 1160 miles. Wheeling is in Lat. 401 7' N., and Long. 80° 42' W. ; 0° 50' N. of Baltijnore ; 
 0» 10- N. of Philadelphia ; 0° 36' S. of New York ; and 2° 14' S. of Boston. 
 
 From Washington to Norfolk, via Richmond, Va. 
 
 Mleiandria, (by steam-boat,) 7 ; Mount f'mwn, 9— IG ; Movtk of Potomac Cr., 30—46 ; Fredcricksburgk, (by land,) 9—55 ; 
 Vilclioro', 14—69 ; Bowling Oreen, 8—77 ; Mattapony River, 6—83 ; Wlute Chimneys, 8—91 ; Hanover C. H., 10—101 ; Chieka- 
 hoalany River, 10— ni ; Richmond, 10—121; Chickaliomany River, 14—135; Cumberland, 16—151; CUswell, 16—167; (Ci(- 
 liamsbitrrrk, 14—181 ; York, 12—193 ; Half-way House, 10—203 ; Hampton, (across Hampton Koads,) 11—214 ; Mouth of Eliza- 
 beth River, 8—223; Jforfolk, 9 231. Norfolk is in N. Lat. 36' 52', and Lon. 76' 43' W. 
 
 From Charleston to Norfolk, by land. 
 
 Greenwich, 4 ; n'n-'fUin rh„rr',,'i5—l9 ; Tweedeu Cottons, 17-30 ; SaiitM, S. Br., 10— 46 ; SirnfM, N. Br., 3-48 ; Gmro-f- 
 to!W^, 14— 02 ; On t.'n' ^ "■ ' i J; P'arennes, N. C, Ui— 95; Smilhi>ille,2i— HI i Brunswick, I%-133 ; yP'ilmingtim, ]8— 151 ; 
 Hermitage, e— 157 . ~ '. ,-'1—181; iiftodcs, 24— 205 ; 7'rfn(o», 11— 216; JVcwbem, iO—Q36 ; Washington, 35— 271 ; 
 
 Plymouth, 35— 306 , .; !...i;u,ke River, S— -314; Albemarle SouKii, (by steara-boat,) 45— 359; SizuiclA Citi/, 17— 376 ; 
 
 JV. C. Stale Line, (6y l.u.a,, JJ - JJ.i ; Portsmouth, 20—418 ; JVorfolk, 1 419. 
 
 From Washington to New Orleans, via Richmond, Raleigh, Columbia and Milledgeville. 
 
 Metandria, 7 ; Pokike Church, 12—19 ; Dumfries, 14—33 ; Atjuia, 10—43 ; Falmouth, 13—56 ; Frcdericksburgh, (on the Rap- 
 pahannock,) 1—57 ; Vdehoro\ 14—71 ; Mattapony Rirer, 14—85; irhite Chimneys, 8—93 ; Hanover C. H., 10—1113 ; Chieka- 
 ftoraani/ /iicfr, 10— 113; Richmond, 10— 1S3 ; Manchester, (on James River,) 1-124; Petersburg, (,on Appomatto.x River,) 
 23—147; Billups, 9— 156; /fcrrisuiV/c, (on Nottaway River,) 24— 180 ; Sulphur Spring, 11— 191; Leieisville, {on Melterrin 
 River,) 14— 2J5; M'orth Carolina State Line, 9— S14 ; Roanoke River, 2—216 ; tVarrenton, 15— 231 ; Lewisburg, 25— 256 ; Tar 
 River, 15-271 ; JVeuse River, 5— ^76; Raleigh, 10—286; Bonks, 10—296; Jlverysboro' , 25—322; Fayetteville, (on Cape Fear 
 River,) 26 — 348 ; Rockjish Cr., l.'i — 363 ; Raft Sijamp, 13—376 ; Drowning Cr., 10—386 ; Little Pedee River, 1 1 — 397 ; South 
 Carolina State Line, 3—400 ; IVinfieldsriUe, 13—413 ; Society Hill, (on Great Pedee River,) 8—421 ; Black Cr., 12—433 ; Lynch 
 Cr., E. Br., 14—417; Lynch Cr., W. Br., 6—453; Camden, 2J— 473 ; Columbia, (on Wateree River,) 35—508; Oranby, (on 
 Congaree River,) 3—511 ; Edgefield C. H., 54—565; Augusta, Ga., (on Savannah River,) 25—590; Briar Cr., 34—624 ; Pow- 
 elton, (on Great Ogeechee River,) 16— S40 ; Sparta, 1 1—651 ; Oconee River. 22—673 ; Milledgeville, 3—676 ; Clinton, 2.3—699 ; 
 Fort Hawkins, 13—712; Ocmulgee River, 31— 743 ; Flint River, 20—763; Clmtaliouchy River, 30—793; icKis, 30—823 ; Poiiit 
 Comfort, 31—854 ; Montgomery, 20—874 ; Murder Cr., 46—920 ; Clairhorne, 37—957 ; Jackson, (on Alabama River,) 25—982 ; 
 St. Stephens, (on Tombeckbee River,) 10—992 ; Mississippi State Line, 32—1024 ; Oreen C. H., 23—1046 ; Black Cr., 20-1066; 
 Fardsville, (on Pearl River,) 45— lUi; Louisiana State Line, 3— 1114 ; Mineral Spring, 12—1126; Washington C. «., 10-1136; 
 Covington, 17—1153 ; MadisonvUle, 6—1159 ; fori St. John, (across Lake Pontchartrain,) 27—1186 ; JVcw Orleans, 3.— 1189. 
 
 MOUNTAINS AND HIGH PLACES. 
 
 JlAtNE. JIfars /fiil, Wash'ton Co., 1504. r/irJl/oHuwcnt, on the highlands, N. Lat. 43' 51 ',2,092 feet above the level of the sea. 
 
 New HiMPSHiRE. White Mountains— ^/ounl Waihington, Lat. 44" N., 6,234 ; 2d Peak, 5,328; 3d Peak, 5,058. Crawford's 
 House, 1,212. Mt. Pleasant, 4,713. Moose-Hillock, Grafton Co., 4,636. Mt. Kearsarge, Hillsboro' Co., 2,461. Mona'dnock, 
 Cheshire Co., 3,718. Mouse Mt., 3,008. 
 
 Vermont. Jlfun^/iWJ J1/(., Chittenden Co., 4,279. CmieZ's /i»m;i, do., 4,188. S/jrcwsJuri/ Pca/t, Rutland Co., 4,034. Kil- 
 lintrton Peak, ia., 3,9/24. JV/ancAesler JIft., Bennington Co., 3,706. jSMUtnei/ JVft., Windsor Co., 3,320. Middlebury Turnpike, 
 2,0"f;5. Pfru do., 1,942. ifejes' do., 1,882. Gre^^'s W«H, in Norwich, 1,507. 
 
 Massachusetts. Mt. Saddleback, Berkshire Co., 4,000. Wachnsett, Worcester Co., 2,990. Mt. Tom, Hampshire Co., 
 1,200. Mt. Holyoke,io.,990. Blue ffiU, in Milton, 710. Pai/ne'i »'», in Braintree, 210. i'i?ie if;», in Uuincy, 235. Quinei/ 
 Q,uarry, 300. Brush Hill, in Canton, 216. Bunker Hill, in Charlestown, 110. Breed's HtU, do., (the battle ground 
 and site of the monument,) 62. Beacon mil, in Boston, 110, (formerly 142.) Fort Hill, do., 80. Copp's Hill, do., 50. 
 
 Connecticut. Blue Hills, Hartford Co., 1000. East and West Rocks, near New Haven, about 400. 
 
 New York. Calskill Mountains— fiound Top, 3,804 ; High Peak, 3,718 ; CatskiU Mountain House, at Pine Orchard, 2,214 ; 
 —these mountains are about 20 miles, and the Mountain House 12, W. of CatskiU, on the Hudson River— Bat/er Hill, 
 1,529; Mew Bacon, 1,585; Bull Hill, 1,484; Old Bacon, 1,471; Crow's JVest, 1,418; Bore Mountain, 1,350; Break JVecft, 
 1,187 ; Anthony's .N'ose, 935 ; Sugar Loaf, 866 ; Fort Putnam, 598 ; West Point Plain, 188. Palisades, a range of perpendicular 
 rocks between Hoboken and Tappan Bay, on the west side of Hudson River, from 100 to 500. Tompkins' Hdl, Staten 
 Island, 307. Hempstead Hill, Long Island, 319. Hook Mt., near Nyack, 668. High Bluff, near Haverstraw, 698. loam 
 Mt., Rockland Co., 1,007. Shawangunk Mt., Ulster Co., 2.000. Mt. Defiance, near Ticonderoga, 720. White Face Mt., Es- 
 sex Co., 2,690. Skaneatelcs Lake, 752, (a beautiful sheet of water, 16 by 1\ miles, 64 W. of Utica.) ChauUluque Lake, 1,291, 
 (a romantic spot,) 70 miles S. W. of Buffalo. U:nUarangus Lake, 1,665, 196 miles W. S. W. of Utica. Canandaigaa Lake, 
 668, (17 miles long, near the delightful town of Canandaigua, 88 miles E. of Buffalo, and 112 W. of Utica.) 7'ully Lake, 
 Onondaga Co., 1,194. Otseoo Lake, 1,189, (9 miles by 3, ne.ar Cooperstown, 66 miles W. of Albany.) Orford, Chenango 
 Co., 960, 110 ms. W. of Albany. Owego, Tioga Co., 817, 157 ms. S. W. of Albany. Binghampton, Broome Co., 834, 145 
 ms. S. W. of Albany. Angelica, Alleghany Co., 1,428, 77 ms. S. E. of Buffalo. Cayuga Lake, 407. Seneca Lake, 447, (on 
 the N. W. margin of this lake stands Gnicrn, rclebi-ited for ita beauty and flourishing condition, 83 ms. W. by S. of Utica.) 
 Crooked Lake, 718, 185 ms. W. of Alh:iti\ . /."'.' t;f,>r:_n-].^ -^l.i feet above Lake Champlain, and ia/ce CAa7w;j?flm 93 above the sea. 
 
 New Jersey. Hi<rhlands of J^erersnit , .M,.iiiin.iilh i (.., -J -J. Fort Lee, 311. Giouccsfer JV/(., 639, near the N. line of the slate. 
 
 Pennsylvania. "Mauch Chunk. Ml., ,\,,rlli;iiniil.ni Ci., 1,460. Town o/ Waj-ren, Warren Co., 1,162, 240 miles N. W. of 
 Harrisburg. Alleohany Mts., (average heigiit,) 2,100. I'ocmio Mt., Northampton Co., 1,300. Blue Ridge, 1,300. Fair 
 Mount, (water-works,') Philadelphia, 102. 
 
 Peaks of Otter, Bedford Co., Virginia, 3,955, (Blue Ridge.) TaMe Mt., Pendleton District, South Carolina, 4,000. Oiark 
 Jifrs., Ark. Ter., 3,300. Cumberland Mts., 2,200. Porcupine Jl/(s., Chippeway CounUy,S. of Lake Superior, 2,400. Rocky 
 Mountains— ton" Peak, in Lat. 41' N., 12,000 ; James Peak, Lat. 39° N., 11,500. 
 
 Paradise ML, New Brunswick, 1,309 ; Brand Foarche Mt., do., 1336 ; Bear Mt., do., 1320. Mt. Royal, near Montreal, L. 
 C, 676. Quebec, (upper town,) 348. Point Levi, opposite to Quebec, 310. 
 
 The Dluilairir, or White Mountain, of the Himmaley chain of mountains, in Asia, is the highest known summit on the 
 globe. It is said to be -'8,015 feet, or 2,765 higher than Sorato, the most lofty peak of the Andes, in South America. Si. 
 Elias, and Fairweather, mountains on the Pacific Ocean ; the former, in Lat. 60' 22' N., is 17,850 ; the latter, in Lat. 68' 56' 
 N., 14,900. JIfniina K<mA, Sandwich Islands, 18,400. Mt. Ophir, Sumatra, 13,842. Bfuc Jiffs., Jamaica, 7,271. Ml. Pelee, 
 Martinico, 5,100. Morne Oarou, St. Vincents, 5,030. Oibraltar, 1,200. Pealc of Teneriffe, 12,072. Compass Mt., Cupe o( 
 Good Hope, 10,000. JViewveU Mts., do., 10,000. Table Mt., do., 3331. 
 
 The most celebrated nmuntains in Europe are Mts. Blanc and Cenis, Savoy, 15,680 and 9,956. St. Oothard, Switzerland, 
 9,095. St. Ber/jori, (Monastery,) do., 11,011. Mt. Btno, Sicily, 10,993. Mt. Kesui'iu-s, Italy, 3,800. Parnassus tint! Olym- 
 pus, Greece, 7,000 and 6,500. Hecla, Iceland, 5,000. Pic Blanc, Spain, 10,205. Olockner Austria, 12,152. Palct, Russia, 
 6,600. Pie da .Midi, France, 9,500. Snoiodan, Wales, 3,568. Ben Macdai, Scotland, 4,390. Ben JVeow, do., 4,370. Beit 
 Lomond, do., 2,262. Siieii Donard, Ireland, 3.150. Ochsenkoppe, Germany, 5,240. 
 
 Mt. Herman, in Turkey, 8,949 ; Lebanon, do. 9,535 ; Carmcl, do. 2,000. Mt. Ararat, Persia, 9,500. Mt. Atlas, Barbary, 12,000. 
 
 Cities. Jl/arfrirf, Spain, 1,978. Jl/eiico, N. A., 7,400. tjuilo S. A., 9,500. The farm house, 13,434 feet above the level 
 of the Pacific Ocean, on Aatisana, (a mountain near Ouito,) is deemed the most elevated spot inhabited by man. 
 
 Pyramids. Oacfi, Egypt, .542 ; Cheops, Ao., 45-2 ; Cephrenes, do., 426; Sackkarah, Ao., 356. 
 
 Steeples. St. .John's Church, New York, 240 ; SI. Paul's, do., 234 ; Trinity, do., 198 ; Park Street do., Boston, 218 ; Cathedral, 
 Cologne, 500 ; Minster, Strasburg, 436 ; Minster, Ulm, 480 ; Cathedral, Antwerp, 475 ; St. SUpliens, Vienna, 442 ; Minster, 
 Frieburg, 395 ; Si. Persina, Saxony, 382 ; JVoIro Dame, Munich, 348 ; Si. Marks, Venice, 330 ; SI. Manfs, Berlin, 302. 
 
 Cupolas. SI. Peter's, Rome, 430 ; Cathedral, Florence, 384 ; Cathedral, Milan, 358 ; Jesuits' Ch., Paris, 314 ; Invalids, at 
 Paris, 295 ; Cross of St.Paul's Cathedral, London, 370 feet. 
 
 Cataracts Kiagara, great cataract, 163; (rapids above, 66 ; rapids below, 106; total, 334 feet.) Montmorency, 9 ms. 
 
 below auebec, 24i;.°C/iauiiiire, near auebec, 100. FallsofSt. Anthony, on the Mississippi, 65. Do. on the Missouri, 87, 47, 
 and one of 26. Passaic, N. 3. ,70. OiAoes, on the Mohawk, N. Y., 70. Gleniis, on the Hudson, N. Y., 28. Tuccoa Creek, 
 Ga., 187. Steiti6ac/i, Switzerland (a small stream), 1400. rmii, Italy, 300. On the River imtm, Lapland, 400. On the 
 Kiver Oreo, descending from Mt. Rosa, itttu Italy, 2400. Tequendama, near Bogota, S. A., 600. The Grand Cataract of 
 -- Jfiagara is said to surpawalDthegB iiOieUipwn world, both for its volumo of water and indescribable sublimity. 
 
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