-7 
 
 ' e ' ' * \ c * • £^ \ / -^ X /'Ufa *°o <* *S& % ' * /*Zfa\ 
 
 .0 ^» " ' <V *V • • " A *$>*•" 
 
 * J? 
 
 
 . »• A <►. •*T7^ «G V ^*. '••»* A <a *<7vT» .G* ^ -<•.»* A <*1 
 
 
 
 . - * A ^ **7VT» .G v ^5. '• . » " A <. *^TVT» o* o 
 
 & '.,-,- a. o * . „ o "^> . ,, ^ o ♦ . . 8 • o *V * • " 
 
 
 ^ '""* O <* *'TVV« «G V V) '...»« A <> *'TVT' ,G V \> '• . • * /V <* 1 
 
 ^ ^^surtk* -^ . c teMfcg* ° ^ »*^ii<* -^ . c **$%>;* ° ^ 4*^Sh<» ^ 
 
 «*u *♦ 
 
 
 %-*" .-ater-. %.^* .-issfei-. # *-^ 
 
 % G* %- — 
 
 
 ^ .«j^% \. ' c o* ^^^r, *o 
 
 ^0^ 
 
 
 ^ . 
 
 <» *« . . ' 
 
 V°° \s^ 7 ^ r% \^' V' 7 ^*/ ^'*^-\^' .. ^♦'••"^•■f 0- 
 
 3*..i^% /\.^;A ^/>^% /\.^:X /.-i^> ./.-^ii.^ 
 
 To' 0° ^ 
 
 V »I*f* v 
 
 ^G' ^ '•• » " A 
 
 <3^ «<» 
 

 n » «ft <• i 
 
 "b^ 
 
 
 +*o« 
 
 ;• / % ~^ y 
 
 
 
 # 
 
 
 o> *o . . * a 
 
 
 
 . » * A 
 
 
 V* .*I~nL% «> 
 
 
 <> *'VV 
 
 
 4* '^^ '^ 
 
 
 \^ 
 
 ».»• .v 
 
 
 ^ *..i* ^ °* **-° A 
 
 'bt? 
 
 ^^•/ V^V %^^'^ \^^\/ °^"^a o° v^-v 
 
 <* * ; vT 
 
 
 
 S ©ft .1 
 
 ^ ^ ♦fife** *<k <^ •^V^:*' ^ ^ •VStei*. ^ c^ ♦> , I^a!' 1 «*«. a> »V5fe*. ^ ft c.^ •> 
 
 -^<i« 
 
 
 vv 
 
 
 
 / V^V\ ^^^'Z \*KP+* 
 
 O* ••-•• A 
 
 
 
BUREAU OF MINES 
 INFORMATION CIRCULAR/1988 
 
 Characterization of the 1 986 
 Metal and Nonmetal Mining 
 Workforce 
 
 By Shail J. Butani and Ann M. Bartholomew 
 
 UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR 
 
Information Circular 9193 
 
 Characterization of the 1 986 
 Metal and Nonmetal Mining 
 Workforce 
 
 By Shail J. Butani and Ann M. Bartholomew 
 
 UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR 
 Donald Paul Hodel, Secretary 
 
 BUREAU OF MINES 
 T S Ary, Director 
 

 
 Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data 
 
 Butani, Shail J. 
 
 
 
 Characterization of the 1986 metal and nonmeta] 
 
 mining workforce. 
 
 (Information circular ; 9193) 
 
 
 
 Bibliography: p. 7 
 
 
 
 Supt. of Docs, no.: I 28.27:9193 
 
 
 
 1. Miners— United States. I. Bartholomew, Ann W 
 
 . II. Tide. 
 
 Ill Series: Information 
 
 circular (United States. Bureau of Mines) ; 9193. 
 
 
 
 TN23.U43 622 s 331.7'622'0973 88- 
 
 600141 
 
 HD8039.M61U44 
 
CONTENTS 
 
 Page 
 
 Abstract 1 
 
 Introduction 2 
 
 Acknowledgments 2 
 
 Survey methodology 2 
 
 Population 2 
 
 Sample 3 
 
 Data collection 3 
 
 Data coding, entering, and editing 3 
 
 Estimation procedures 3 
 
 Grouping of characteristics 4 
 
 Job title and principal equipment operated 4 
 
 Employment size class 4 
 
 Present job, present company, and total mining 
 
 experience 4 
 
 Job-related training during last 2 years 4 
 
 Age 4 
 
 Reliability of estimates 4 
 
 Validation of estimates 5 
 
 Page 
 
 Summary of major findings 5 
 
 Application of data for inj ury analyses 7 
 
 Recommendations for future work 7 
 
 References 7 
 
 Appendix A. — Metal and nonmetal mining industry 
 
 job title grouping 8 
 
 Appendix B. — Metal and nonmetal mining industry 
 
 equipment operated grouping 11 
 
 Appendix C. — Estimation procedures 13 
 
 Appendix D. — Reliability of estimates: random group 
 
 variance technique 14 
 
 Appendix E. — Metal and nonmetal mining 1986 
 
 workforce estimates 15 
 
 Appendix F. — Mining industry population survey 
 
 letters and questionnaire 49 
 
 ILLUSTRATIONS 
 
 1. Percentage of 1986 metal and nonmetal mining workforce with at least a high school diploma, by age 6 
 
 2. Percentage of 1986 metal and nonmetal mining workforce with at least a high school diploma, by sex 7 
 
 3. Percentage of 1986 metal and nonmetal mining workforce with at least a high school diploma, by race 7 
 
 TABLES 
 
 1. Population and injury statistics for 1986 metal and nonmetal mining sector 2 
 
 2. Demographics survey response status: 1986 metal and nonmetal mining sector 3 
 
 Metal and nonmetal mining 1986 workforce estimates— 
 
 E-l. Employment size class, by type of ore mined 15 
 
 E-2. Job title, by type of ore mined 15 
 
 E-3. Principal equipment operated, by type of ore mined 16 
 
 E-4. Work location at mine, by type of ore mined 16 
 
 E-5. Experience at job, company, and mining, by type of ore mined 17 
 
 E-6. Training received, by type of ore mined 18 
 
 E-7. Age distribution, by type of ore mined 18 
 
 E-8. Sex, race, and education, by type of ore mined 19 
 
 E-9. Job title, by employment size class 19 
 
 E-10. Principal equipment operated, by employment size class 20 
 
 E-ll. Work location at mine, by employment size class 20 
 
 E-12. Experience at job, company, and mining, by employment size class 21 
 
 E-13. Training received, by employment size class 22 
 
 E-14. Age distribution, by employment size class 22 
 
 E-15. Sex, race, and education, by employment size class 23 
 
 E-16. Job title, by principal equipment operated 24 
 
 E-17. Job title, by work location at mine 25 
 
 E-18. Job title, by years of experience at job 26 
 
 E-19. Job title, by years of experience at company 26 
 
 E-20. Job title, by years of mining experience 27 
 
 E-21. Job title, by hours of training received in last 2 yr 27 
 
 E-22. Job title, by years of age 28 
 
 E-23. Job title, by sex 28 
 
 E-24. Job title, by race 29 
 
 E-25. Job title, by education 29 
 
 E-26. Principal equipment operated, by years of experience at job 30 
 
TABLES — Continued 
 
 Page 
 
 E-27. Principal equipment operated, by hours of training received in last 2 yr 30 
 
 E-28. Principal equipment operated, by years of age 31 
 
 E-29. Principal equipment operated, by sex 31 
 
 E-30. Principal equipment operated, by race 32 
 
 E-31. Principal equipment operated, by education 33 
 
 E-32. Job, company, and mining experience, by work location 34 
 
 E-33. Training received, by work location 35 
 
 E-34. Age distribution, by work location 35 
 
 E-35. Sex, race, and education, by work location 36 
 
 E-36. Experience at job, by hours of training received in last 2 yr 37 
 
 E-37. Experience at job, by years of age 38 
 
 E-38. Experience at job, by sex 38 
 
 E-39. Experience at job, by race 39 
 
 E-40. Experience at job, by education 39 
 
 E-41. Experience at company, by hours of training received in last 2 yr 40 
 
 E-42. Experience at company, by years of age 41 
 
 E-43. Experience at company, by sex 42 
 
 E-44. Experience at company, by race 42 
 
 E-45. Experience at company, by education 42 
 
 E-46. Age, by education 43 
 
 E-47. Age, race, and education, by sex 43 
 
 E-48. Age and education, by race 44 
 
 Number of workers and coefficient of variation— 
 
 E-49. Employment size class, by type of ore mined 44 
 
 E-50. Job title, by type of ore mined 45 
 
 E-51. Principal equipment operated, by type of ore mined 45 
 
 E-52. Work location at mine, by type of ore mined 46 
 
 E-53. Experience at job, company, and mining, by type of ore mined 46 
 
 E-54. Training received, by type of ore mined 47 
 
 E-55. Age, by type of ore mined 47 
 
 E-56. Sex, race, and education, by type of ore mined 48 
 
CHARACTERIZATION OF THE 1986 METAL AND NONMETAL MINING 
 
 WORKFORCE 
 
 By Shail J. Butani 1 and Ann M. Bartholomew 2 
 
 ABSTRACT 
 
 In 1986, the Bureau of Mines conducted a probability sample survey, Mining 
 Industry Population Survey, to measure such employee characteristics as occupation; 
 principal equipment operated; work location at the mine; present job, present company, 
 and total mining experience; job-related training during the last 2 yr; age; sex; race; 
 and education. The population estimates are necessary to properly analyze the Mine 
 Safety and Health Administration (MSHA) injury (includes illness and fatality data) 
 statistics; that is, to compare and contrast injury rates for various subpopulations in 
 order to identify those groups that are exhibiting higher than average injury rates. 
 
 This report uses the survey's results to characterize the U.S. metal and nonmetal 
 mining (includes metal, stone, sand and gravel, and nonmetal industries) workforce 
 from March through September 1986. A companion report, Information Circular (IC) 
 9192, "Characterization of the 1986 Coal Mining Workforce," provides similar infor- 
 mation for the U.S. coal mining industry. 
 
 1 Mathematical statistician (now with Bureau of Labor Statistics, Washington, DC). 
 
 2 Statistical assistant. 
 
 Twin Cities Research Center, Bureau of Mines, Minneapolis, MN. 
 
INTRODUCTION 
 
 According to the occupational safety and health (OSH) 
 statistics published annually by the U.S. Department of Labor, 
 Bureau of Labor Statistics, the mining industry (excluding oil 
 and gas extraction) always has had one of the highest injury 
 incidence rates among the major industry divisions. One of the 
 primary objectives of the Bureau of Mines is to conduct 
 research in the area of health and safety of the nation's miners, 
 aimed at reducing the incidence rate of work-related injuries 
 (includes illnesses and fatalities) in the domestic mining 
 industry. In order to reduce the overall incidence rate, the 
 Bureau needs to identify which groups or subpopulations of 
 the workforce are exhibiting higher than average incidence 
 rates. 
 
 To identify the high-risk groups, information about the 
 injured workers and about the entire workforce is required. 
 Present regulations permit MSHA to collect information on all 
 mine injuries requiring medical attention. Hence, a data base 
 containing various characteristics on the injured workforce is 
 available. Since similar information about the entire workforce 
 was not available, the Bureau conducted a probability sample 
 survey called the Mining Industry Population Survey (MIPS), 
 also known as the demographics survey, to collect the neces- 
 sary data. The 1986 survey measured the following character- 
 istics: job title or occupation, principal equipment operated, 
 work location at mine, experience at present job, experience at 
 present company, total mining experience, job-related training 
 during the last 2 yr, age, sex, race, and education. This 
 demographics survey provided information about the popula- 
 tion at risk and will aid research in pinpointing the hazardous 
 segments of the population, as illustrated by the following 
 example. 
 
 Throughout this report, unless otherwise stated, the term 
 metal and nonmetal mining industry includes the metal, stone, 
 sand and gravel, and nonmetal industries; this is the standard 
 terminology used by MSHA. From MSHA's metal and non- 
 metal injury data base, it is known that 8,890 males and 177 
 females working in the U.S. metal and nonmetal mining 
 industry were injured in 1986. If information about the 
 population at risk (i.e., the number of male and female 
 workers for the metal and nonmetal industry in 1986) is not 
 
 known, then it is not valid to draw the conclusion that male 
 miners are at a much higher injury risk than female miners. 
 The estimates from the demographics survey show that there 
 were a total of 167,245 male workers and 11,522 female workers 
 (table E-23) employed in U.S. metal and nonmetal mining in 
 1986. Of these workers, the nonoffice workforce identified by 
 occupation or job title consists of 161,883 males and 4,523 
 females (table E-8). The reason for excluding office workers 
 from the analysis is to account for some of the obvious 
 difference in job risk. It should be noted that in the office 
 worker category, only 3 pet are males and 61 pet are females 
 (table E-23). The added information on the population puts 
 the injury statistics in a better perspective, as shown in table 1. 
 
 
 Table 1.— Population and injury statistics for 
 1986 metal and nonmetal mining sector 
 
 
 Population statistics Injury statistics 
 
 
 
 Workers pet Injuries pet Lost workdays 
 
 pet 
 
 Male 
 
 Female . 
 
 
 161,883 97.3 8,890 98.0 129,595 
 ... 4,523 2.7 177 2.0 2,294 
 
 98.3 
 1.7 
 
 Total- 
 
 
 ... 166,406 100.0 9,067 100.0 131,889 
 
 100.0 
 
 Since the difference between the population and injury as 
 well as lost workdays distribution is relatively large, it would be 
 interesting to further investigate the source of variation. Could 
 it be due to variations in the job mix by sex? 
 
 Hence, the present research will aid in finding solutions to 
 reduce the injury incidence rates for the high-risk groups. That 
 is, the collected information will be used to compare and 
 contrast the demographics composition of the hazardous 
 groups with those of the safer groups. Thus, through present 
 research, the differences and similarities between the two 
 groups can be defined. 
 
 The purpose of this report is to provide the U.S. metal and 
 nonmetal mining population estimates for March through 
 September 1986 by various characteristics. This information 
 is essential to performing the injury data analysis that is the 
 ultimate goal of the survey. 
 
 ACKNOWLEDGMENTS 
 
 The authors thank the officials of the U.S. Department of 
 Labor, MSHA, for submitting the MIPS justification package 
 to the Office of Management and Budget for its clearance to 
 collect the data. Special thanks go to Kathy Snyder, public 
 
 affairs specialist. Office of Information and Public Affairs, 
 MSHA, for initiating the study, and to Edwin Thomasson, 
 research liaison officer, Technical Support, MSHA, for his 
 continuous effort and support. 
 
 SURVEY METHODOLOGY 
 
 POPULATION 
 
 The MIPS covered all workers employed in the anthracite 
 coal (SIC 3 111), bituminous coal (SIC 121), metal (SIC 
 101-106, 109, 281), stone (SIC 141, 142, 324, 327), sand and 
 gravel (SIC 144), and nonmetal (SIC 131, 145, 147, 149, 289, 
 299) mining industries of the United States during the period 
 
 3 The Standard Industrial Classification (SIC) was revised in 1987; the 
 industry group numbers used here are those in effect at the time of the MIPS. 
 
 March through September 1986. This report gives estimates 
 only for the metal and nonmetal (noncoal) mining sector; IC 
 9192 gives estimates for the 1986 coal mining sector. 
 
 The information pertaining to the mine employees in- 
 cluded in the survey was collected through the mine operators, 
 because a comprehensive sampling frame (name and address 
 file) of the workers in mine establishments was not available, 
 and cost considerations prohibited the data collection through 
 personal visits. The number of universe units (establishments 
 under MSHA's jurisdiction) covered by the scope of this survey 
 
was approximately 18,350, with a total employment level of 
 about 350,000. The number of establishments and employ- 
 ment for the metal and nonmetal mining was about 10,600 and 
 190,000, respectively. The scope of the data for the employees 
 covered by the survey is the same as that of the data collected 
 by MSHA form 7000-1 for mine accidents, injuries, illnesses, 
 and fatalities, and MSHA form 7000-2 for quarterly mine 
 employment. The collection of the fundamental statistics 
 reported on these two forms is required by law (30 U.S.C. 813; 
 30 CFR 50). 
 
 SAMPLE 
 
 The principal feature of the survey sample design was its 
 use of two-stage stratified random sampling. The primary 
 sampling units (first stage) were the mine establishments; the 
 secondary sampling units were employees within each of the 
 chosen mine establishments. The characteristics used to strat- 
 ify the primary units were the industry (anthracite coal, 
 bituminous coal, metal, stone, sand and gravel, nonmetal); 
 mine type (underground, surface, plant or mill); employment 
 size class (1-19, 20-49, 50-99, 100-249, 500-999, 1,000 and 
 above); and status code (active, intermittent). Since the first 
 three stratification characteristics are highly correlated with 
 the characteristics that the survey was to measure, use of 
 stratified sampling increased the efficiency of the sample 
 design and thus resulted in a smaller required sample size. The 
 fourth characteristic, status code, was chosen so that nonre- 
 sponse adjustment could be made within more homogenous 
 groups. This is desirable because proportionately higher num- 
 bers of nonmailable, out-of-business, refusal, etc., responses 
 are reported from intermittent mine establishments than from 
 active mine establishments. 
 
 The sampling frame used for this survey was the 1985 
 preliminary address and employment file maintained by 
 MSHA. A probability sample of 2,232 metal and nonmetal 
 (noncoal) mining establishments from a universe of 10,612 
 metal and nonmetal establishments was selected by stratifying 
 the frame as previously described and using a systematic 
 sampling procedure with a random start for each stratum. The 
 employees within an establishment were selected by using a 
 systematic sampling procedure with a common random start 
 for each employment size class. 
 
 A brief description of the sample allocation is as follows. 
 For larger employment size classes, the allocation procedure 
 placed all of the establishments on the frame in the sample as 
 primary sampling units from which the employees were sub- 
 sampled at a low frequency rate. As employment size class 
 decreased, smaller and smaller proportions of the establish- 
 ments were included as primary sampling units, but the 
 employees within the establishments were subsampled at a 
 higher frequency rate. The use of this procedure gave each 
 employee, to the extent possible, about the same probability of 
 inclusion in the sample, thus reducing the sampling variability. 
 In order to limit the response burden for any one establish- 
 ment, a maximum sample of 50 employees per establishment 
 was selected. 
 
 DATA COLLECTION 
 
 The MIPS was conducted from March through September 
 1986 by mail questionnaire through the Bureau's Twin Cities 
 (MN) Research Center. A reproduction of the original letter, 
 followup letter, and the questionnaire bearing the Office of 
 Management and Budget clearance number authorizing cot 
 lection of the data are included in appendix F. 
 
 Table 2 gives a summary of the results for the metal and 
 nonmetal mining sector from the original and followup mail- 
 ings, as well as from telephone calls to the nonrespondents. 
 
 Table 2.— Demographics survey response status: 
 1986 metal and nonmetal mining sector 
 
 Overall Usable 
 
 Industry Population Sample res P onse l ^°^ res P° nse 
 
 No. pet No. pet 
 
 Metal 617 220 211 96 176 138 78 
 
 Stone 3,373 852 734 86 794 627 79 
 
 Sand and gravel 5.579 863 810 94 734 646 88 
 
 Nonmetal 1,043 297 282 95 256 219 86 
 
 Total 10,612 2,232 2,037 91 1,960 1,630 83 
 
 1 Nonrespondents + usables + refusals + unusables (excludes out-of- 
 businesses, nonmailables, duplicates, temporary inactives, and new busi- 
 nesses under construction). 
 
 A brief description of the response terms follows: 
 Response code Description 
 
 Nonrespondent Received no response from the 
 
 establishment. 
 
 Usable Establishment provided usable data. 
 
 Refusal Establishment refused to provide any 
 
 data. 
 Unusable Establishment provided data that 
 
 were not in usable format. 
 Nonmailable Establishment's address was either 
 
 insufficient or wrong. 
 Duplicate Data were combined with another 
 
 establishment's data. 
 Out-of-business Establishment was permanently 
 
 closed. 
 New business Establishment was in development 
 
 stage. 
 Temporary inactive... Establishment was temporarily not 
 
 operating. 
 
 As part of the data collection phase, all the returns were 
 reviewed and edited for completeness and reasonableness of 
 the data. Whenever there were inconsistencies, the respondents 
 were called for reconciliation. Also, almost all of the respon- 
 dents that had initially refused to participate in the survey were 
 contacted by phone. Approximately 80 pet of these respon- 
 dents ultimately supplied data. Adjustments for those mine 
 establishments that did not supply the data, or supplied partial 
 data, are explained in the "Estimation Procedures" section 
 and in appendix C. 
 
 DATA CODING, ENTERING, AND EDITING 
 
 The returns underwent a very comprehensive review and 
 editing process in order to (1) minimize the reporting differ- 
 ences among the respondents (establishments), (2) ensure 
 consistency of coding among the individual worker entries, (3) 
 ensure the accuracy of the data entry, and (4) ensure compat- 
 ibility of occupation and equipment coding with the MSHA 
 accident data base. 
 
 ESTIMATION PROCEDURES 
 
 In a simple random sampling plan, all units are sampled 
 with the same sampling ratio. To derive the population esti- 
 mates, the sample units are weighted (replicated) by the inverse 
 
of the sampling ratio. Because of efficiency consideration, the 
 data for this demographics study were collected using a 
 complex survey design. Hence, the data for each worker, the 
 ultimate sampling unit, were not equally weighted. Instead, the 
 population estimates were derived by weighting data for each 
 worker with the appropriate final weight of the data, which 
 was the product of the following three factors: (1) the inverse 
 of the sampling ratio with which the primary sampling unit 
 (establishment) was sampled; (2) a nonresponse adjustment 
 factor that was computed separately for each sampling stratum 
 and assigned to all responding establishments in a stratum to 
 account for those establishments in that stratum that did not 
 respond; and (3) the inverse of the sampling ratio with which 
 the secondary sampling units (workers) were selected. A 
 detailed discussion of the different weights and estimation 
 formulas are given in appendix C. In statistical terms, the 
 survey's estimates of the population total were based on a 
 Horvitz-Thompson estimator (V). 4 
 
 No adjustment was made for partial nonresponse. That 
 is, the characteristics that were left blank by the respondents 
 were coded as unspecified and were, naturally, weighted by 
 their appropriate final weight in computing the population 
 estimates. The percentage unspecified for a particular charac- 
 teristic gives the user an indication of the completeness of the 
 schedules. 
 
 GROUPING OF CHARACTERISTICS 
 
 The original data base has detailed data for the charac- 
 teristics mentioned below. For purposes of publication, the 
 detailed data were combined into groups. Please contact the 
 authors to obtain detailed data or a different grouping of the 
 data for any or all of the characteristics. 
 
 Job Title and Principal Equipment Operated 
 
 Since the original data base has about 100 codes for each 
 of these two categories (see appendixes A and B), the entries 
 were combined into 20 to 25 groups. Similarities of the job title 
 or principal equipment operated and number of workers in 
 each entry were two of the main criteria used in forming the 
 groups. 
 
 Employment Size Class 
 
 The classes used for this characteristic are the standard 
 size class definition used by MSHA. Because there were very 
 few mines for the size class having 1,000 or more employees, 
 the estimates for this class were computed separately and then 
 were combined with the estimates for employment size class 
 500 through 999 in order to protect the confidentiality of the 
 mines as well as the workers. The combined size class is labeled 
 as 500+ . 
 
 Present Job, Present Company, and Total Mining 
 Experience 
 
 The data for all three of these characteristics were coded 
 only as the number of years. It was felt that data were not 
 reliable enough to be accurate to the month. The groupings 
 were formed to be as compatible as possible to the groupings 
 used by MSHA for its injury statistics. 
 
 4 Italic numbers in parentheses refer to items in the list of references preceding 
 the appendixes at the end of this report. 
 
 Job-Related Training During Last 2 Years 
 
 The grouping for this characteristic was formed to reflect 
 the definite and logical intervals that various mine operators 
 employ and that meets the need of the mine safety personnel. 
 The most frequently reported number was 16 h for training 
 during the last 2 yr; this is because MSHA requires a minimum 
 training of 8 h/yr. Also, MSHA and safety personnel are 
 interested in knowing the percent of workers who receive no 
 training. Hence, both and 16 h were categorized separately. 
 
 Age 
 
 The groupings for age were formed to be about the same 
 as what MSHA uses for its accident statistics. 
 
 RELIABILITY OF ESTIMATES 
 
 As stated in reference 2: 
 
 All estimates derived from a sample survey are 
 subject to sampling and nonsampling errors. Sampling 
 errors occur because observations are made on a sample, 
 not on the entire population. Estimates based on the 
 different possible samples of the same size and sample 
 design could differ. Nonsampling errors in the estimates 
 can be attributed to many sources, e.g., inability to 
 obtain information about all cases in the sample, mis- 
 takes in recording or coding the data, definitional 
 difficulties, etc. 
 Nonsampling errors occur in a census as well as in a 
 sample survey. As mentioned earlier, the completed forms 
 underwent a very comprehensive review and edit process. This 
 was primarily done to minimize the nonsampling errors. 
 
 In a probability sample, the coefficients of variation 
 (CV's), which are a measure of the sampling errors in the 
 estimates, can be estimated from the survey data. CV's were 
 calculated for the basic characteristics as part of the survey 
 estimation process; these CV's as well as the corresponding 
 estimates for number of workers are given in tables E-49 
 through E-56. The CV's for other estimates can also be 
 derived if requested. The methodology used to compute the 
 estimated CV's is given below. 
 
 By definition, the CV of any sample estimate is equal to 
 the standard error of the estimate divided by the value of the 
 estimate (J). In other words, it is a measure of relative 
 variation. Because the survey data will be used by numerous 
 researchers to measure different statistics (e.g., totals, means, 
 medians, percentages) by various cross-classification catego- 
 ries, it was not feasible to use the exact formula for the 
 standard error estimates. Hence, a generalized formula that 
 approximated the exact formula and that was easy to imple- 
 ment for computing all the standard error estimates was 
 developed. It should be noted that since the survey uses a 
 complex sampling design, the usual variance, standard devia- 
 tion, and standard error estimates computed by the software 
 packages are no longer valid because they are based on simple 
 random sample design. The reliability measures for this survey 
 were computed by employing a random group variance tech- 
 nique. A brief description of it is given in appendix D and a 
 detailed discussion is given in reference 4. 
 
 The purpose of producing a reliability measure for this 
 report is to define the confidence interval or range that would 
 include the comparable complete coverage value. For example, 
 the total number of estimated truck drivers for the 1986 metal 
 and nonmetal industry was 20,830 (table E-2 and E-50) with 
 
a CV of 3.5 pet (table E-50). Based on this information, the 
 standard error on the total number of truck drivers is 729 
 (estimate xCV = 20,830 x 0.035) and the 95-pct confidence 
 interval is 19,372 to 22,288 (20,830 ± 2 x 729). This means 
 that with 95 pet confidence, it can be said that the interval 
 19,372 to 22,288 includes the total number of metal and 
 nonmetal truck drivers that would have been obtained from a 
 census of the frame. 
 
 It should be noted that normally the variance (square of 
 the standard error) of a total pertaining to the combined four 
 industries would be equal to the sum of the variances for each 
 industry since the four industries were sampled independently. 
 That is, the variance for the total number of truck drivers for 
 the entire metal and nonmetal mining industry would be equal 
 to the sum of the variances for the truck drivers in metal, 
 stone, sand and gravel, and nonmetal mining industries. 
 However, this methodology was not employed to compute the 
 variance estimates for the combined four industries, instead, 
 even for this estimate, the random group variance technique as 
 described in appendix D was employed. This was primarily 
 done, as mentioned previously, because the survey data will be 
 used by numerous researchers to measure different statistics 
 (other than totals) such as means, medians, percentages, etc., 
 and for these statistics the variance for the combined four 
 industries will not be the simple sum of the variances for each 
 industry. Hence, for reasons of consistency and simplicity the 
 random group variance estimator was used to compute all 
 variances and thus CV estimates. 
 
 In general, the smaller the subpopulation size, the larger 
 the variability in the estimates. Additionally, the larger the 
 nonresponse, the less reliable the estimate may be. As men- 
 tioned earlier, nonresponse error is considered a nonsampling 
 error. This error occurred more frequently for estimates of 
 job-related training during the last 2 yr and total mine 
 experience than for other variables because conceptually these 
 variables are harder to report. Moreover, it is possible that the 
 training estimates might be somewhat biased because many 
 respondents filled in 16 h, the minimum number of hours 
 required by MSHA over a 2-yr period. 
 
 VALIDATION OF ESTIMATES 
 
 Once the estimates were produced, they were validated for 
 accuracy and reasonableness by several mining industry spe- 
 cialists. Additionally, the total employment for each industry 
 was compared to an independent census conducted by MSHA, 
 the results of which are reported in references 5 through 9. The 
 injury experience reports tabulate the injury-illness-fatality 
 data reported to MSHA on form 7000-1 and employment data 
 reported on form 7000-2. While the data base used to compile 
 the statistics for these reports contains detailed information for 
 the injured victims, it does not contain similar information for 
 the entire workforce. The breakdown of total employment is 
 available only by type of ore mined, employment size class, 
 and work location. Hence, the MIPS was conducted so that 
 MSHA injury data could be analyzed in greater detail. 
 
 The data show that the overall employment figures from 
 the two sources differed about 8 pet for metal and nonmetal 
 (metal, stone, sand and gravel, and nonmetal) mining industry, 
 
 with the MSHA figures being higher than those of the 
 demographic survey. The difference in the estimates is caused 
 in part by differences in reporting, coverage period, defini- 
 tions, and methodology as explained below for data compar- 
 ison by employment size class and by work location. 
 
 When comparing distribution of workers by employment 
 size class, the differences between the numbers in table E-l of 
 this report and MSHA data, as stated in tables 4 of references 
 5, 6, and 8, and in table 3 of reference 7, are substantial. This 
 is mainly due to the differences in definition and methodology. 
 The MIPS classification is based on total employment of an 
 establishment as it existed when the respondents filled out the 
 questionnaire. MSHA collects employment on a quarterly 
 basis and for each quarter it is possible for the employment to 
 be broken into a maximum of four different work location; 
 hence, each establishment may have up to 16 different employ- 
 ment figures. 
 
 Per MSHA's methodology, the size groups are classified 
 according to the lowest numbered (primary) subunit's average 
 employment of four quarters and not on the total employment 
 of an establishment, as is the case with the MIPS. For 
 example, if an establishment's annual average employment is 
 60, but the employment for the primary subunit, say under- 
 ground, is 15, then the establishment per MSHA's methodol- 
 ogy is in size class 1 through 19, whereas according to the 
 MIPS procedure it is in size class 50 through 99. It is for this 
 reason the average employment per operation as stated in table 
 4 of reference 6 is 6.7 for size class 1-4. It should be noted that 
 MSHA classification overestimates the employment in smaller 
 size classes. 
 
 In view of the above, the injury data as published in 
 references 5 through 9 by size class should not be analyzed 
 against the MIPS employment size class data. Instead, the 
 analyst needs to retabulate the MSHA injury data from the 
 original data tapes so that the size class definition corresponds 
 to the MIPS. 
 
 Also, a large difference existed between MIPS and MSHA 
 figures for employment distribution by work location. This is 
 primarily due to differences in reporting. The employment 
 reported to MSHA every quarter is in aggregate numbers for 
 each work location (maximum of four). Generally, this type of 
 reporting results in gross approximations in the breakdown of 
 variables such as employment. For the MIPS data, the work 
 location was reported for each worker in the sample, in the 
 same manner as it is reported to MSHA on form 7000-1 for 
 each injured worker. It should be noted that the data on work 
 location for individual workers is known with more specificity 
 than for the whole population. Hence, it is appropriate to 
 analyze the survey work location data with MSHA injury 
 statistics. 
 
 Additionally, a small portion of the difference in the two 
 estimates is due to the job title category of office workers. The 
 MIPS underestimated the number of employees in this cate- 
 gory because many respondents assumed that these workers 
 very seldom incur injuries and therefore were not to be 
 reported. For the purposes of accident analysis, the office 
 workers are to be excluded because of the obvious difference in 
 the injury risk. Hence, the difference in counts of office 
 workers does not make any difference. 
 
 SUMMARY OF MAJOR FINDINGS 
 
 The findings of the survey by various cross classifications 
 are given as estimates in tables E-l through E-48; tables E-49 
 through E-56 give reliability estimates for the basic character- 
 
 istics and a detailed discussion of their use is given in the 
 reliability of the estimates section. If desired, the estimates by 
 some other classification criteria including more detailed 
 
estimates (e.g., distribution of workers by age and experience 
 at present company in the stone industry working at the plant 
 or mill location) can be derived from the original data base. 
 The following findings are based on the data for the entire 
 1986 metal and nonmetal mining workforce. 
 
 • The total estimated workforce for the 1986 metal and 
 nonmetal industry was approximately 179,800. The 
 breakdown of this employment by the four industry 
 types was as follows: 35,900 in metal, 73,400 in stone, 
 37,100 in sand and gravel, and 33,400 in nonmetal 
 (table E-l). The data also indicate that only 10 pet of 
 the metal workforce and 23 pet of the nonmetal work- 
 force were employed in establishments with 49 or less 
 employees as compared with 48 and 93 pet for stone, 
 and sand and gravel, respectively. That is, stone, and 
 sand and gravel establishments tend to be smaller in size 
 than metal and nonmetal establishments. 
 
 • Of the total 1986 metal and nonmetal industry work- 
 force, mechanic-welder-oiler-machinist was the largest 
 category of workers with 16 pet employment, plant 
 operator-warehouseman made up another 15 pet, truck 
 driver constituted 12 pet, and the laborer-miner-utility 
 man category was 11 pet (table E-2). Each of the 
 remaining occupation groupings had fewer than 10 pet 
 of the employees. 
 
 • The distribution of the metal and nonmetal industry 
 workforce was underground mine, 5 pet; surface at 
 underground mine, 2 pet; surface mine, 47 pet; plant or 
 mill, 35 pet; and office, 10 pet (table E-4). Also, the 
 employment distribution for the four nonoffice work 
 locations differed vastly by industry. 
 
 • Distribution of the workers by job title varied greatly 
 according to the employment size class (table E-9). This 
 was especially true for the following job title groupings: 
 front-end loader-forklift operator; manager- foreman- 
 supervisor (general); mechanic-welder-oiler-machinist; 
 and truck driver. For example, in the employment size 
 class 1-19, front-end loader-forklift operators made up 
 17 pet of the total employment while in the 250-499 and 
 500 + employment size classes, this figure was 2 and 1 
 pet, respectively. Only 7 pet of the workers in the 
 employment size class 1-19 belonged to the job title 
 category of mechanic-welder-oiler-machinist compared 
 with 23 and 25 pet for employment size classes 250-499 
 and 500 + , respectively. 
 
 • Median experience at the present company ranged from 
 5 yr for truck drivers to 13 yr for manager- foreman- 
 supervisor (working) (table E-19). 
 
 • Mean hours of training during the last 2 yr was highest 
 (56) for electrician-lampman category (table E-21). 
 
 • Of the female employees, 61 pet had the job title 
 category of office worker, compared with 3 pet of the 
 males (table E-23). 
 
 • Median experience at the present job is about 5 yr for 
 all five locations (table E-32). The median experience at 
 the present company and at total mining, however, is 
 lower for workers at the surface mine location than for 
 the workers at the other three nonoffice work locations. 
 
 The following findings are based on data that exclude the 
 job title category of office worker. 
 
 • The single largest category of equipment operated was 
 handtools (powered and nonpowered) with 16 pet 
 (table E-3). This category was followed closely by 
 equipment categories none, plant equipment, and truck 
 (haulage) with 15, 14, and 13 pet, respectively. 
 
 • The median experience at present job, present com- 
 pany, and total mining were 5, 8, and 10 yr, respectively 
 (table E-5). 
 
 • Mean job-related training during the last 2 yr was 35 h 
 for workers in the sand and gravel industry, versus 43, 
 44, and 48 h for workers in the metal, nonmetal, and 
 stone industries, respectively (table E-6). 
 
 • Mean age was about 40 yr for workers in all four 
 industries (table E-7). 
 
 • Males made up 97 pet of the metal and nonmetal 
 industry workforce (table E-8). Note that the 97-pct 
 figure excludes the unspecified category. 
 
 • Whites, blacks, and Hispanics made up 82, 7, and 8 
 pet, respectively, of the workforce (table E-8). The 
 remaining 3 pet workers belonged either to another race 
 or were unspecified. 
 
 • Of those workers whose education was specified, 73 pet 
 had a high school or better education (table E-8). Note 
 that this figure is obtained by (1) summing the workers 
 in the categories high school diploma, vocational di- 
 ploma, some college, and college degree, and (2) divid- 
 ing this sum by the total number of workers minus the 
 workers in unspecified category. In this case, it is 
 113,403 divided by 154,319. 
 
 • The median experience at present job, company, and at 
 total mining either increased or stayed the same with the 
 increase in the employment size class (table E-l 2). 
 
 • The distribution of the equipment operated varied 
 considerably between the males and females. This was 
 especially true for the principal equipment categories 
 front-end loader-forklift, handtools, scale-lab 
 equipment-controls, truck (haulage), and none (table 
 E-29). For example, scale-lab equipment-controls was 
 the principal equipment operated category for 31 pet of 
 the females compared with only 4 pet for males. 
 Handtools was the largest principal equipment operated 
 category for males (17 pet) but for females this category 
 was only 3 pet. 
 
 • There was a higher percentage of employees with at 
 least a high school education under the age of 40 than 
 there were of age 40 and over (table E-46 and figure 1); 
 proportionately more females had a high school or 
 higher education than males (table E-47 and figure 2); 
 education by race (table E-48) is shown in figure 3. 
 
 77 pet 
 
 81 pet 83 pct 82 P«* 81 pet 
 
 70 pct 
 
 58 pct 
 
 15-23 24-26 27-29 30-34 35-39 40-49 50+ 
 
 AGE, yr 
 
 Figure 1 .—Percentage of 1986 metal and nonmetal mining 
 workforce with at leasi a high school diploma, by age (excludes 
 job title category of office workers as well as workers whose 
 education is unspecified). 
 

 84 pet 
 
 73 pet 
 
 
 
 
 
 76 pet 
 
 
 
 
 52 pet 
 
 
 
 
 
 41 pet 
 
 
 
 HALE 
 
 FEMALE 
 
 WHITE 
 
 BLACK 
 
 HISPANIC 
 
 Figure 2.— Percentage of 1986 metal and nonmetal mining 
 workforce with at least a high school diploma, by sex (excludes 
 job title category of office workers as well as workers whose 
 education is unspecified). 
 
 Figure 3.— Percentage of 1986 metal and nonmetal mining 
 workforce with at least a high school diploma, by race (excludes 
 job title category of office workers as well as workers whose 
 education is unspecified). 
 
 APPLICATION OF DATA FOR INJURY ANALYSES 
 
 The ultimate objective of this study is to provide a basis 
 for— 
 
 1. Analyzing the 1986 MSHA metal and nonmetal injury 
 statistics and identifying those subpopulations exhibiting 
 higher or lower than average injury rates. 
 
 2. Producing some selected estimates by geographic loca- 
 tion such as regions (east, central, west), MSHA districts, or 
 States and performing injury data analyses. 
 
 3. Producing some selected estimates by SIC code such as 
 iron, copper, lead-zinc, etc., and performing injury data 
 analyses. 
 
 4. Developing an easy to use computerized data base that 
 would be available to the researchers to do their own analyses, 
 especially in the area of targeting injury prevention and 
 training efforts. 
 
 The results from these analyses, which encompass all 
 facets of mining operations, can help identify areas where 
 research efforts should be devoted to achieve the greatest safety 
 improvements, thus preventing creation of unnecessary regu- 
 lations or crash research programs that tend to waste funds. 
 
 RECOMMENDATIONS FOR FUTURE WORK 
 
 1. After the injury analyses. are performed, and the 
 hazardous areas or subpopulations have been identified, it 
 would be desirable to further investigate their problems and 
 needs. This can be accomplished by conducting some special 
 surveys such as an equipment use survey, maintenance-related 
 work survey, small mines survey, etc. 
 
 2. Repeat the MIPS and perform the injury analyses 
 periodically, say every 3 to 5 yr, in order to study the changing 
 
 mining environment and its impact on mining safety and 
 productivity. When the survey is repeated, it is recommended 
 that modifications be made to the questionnaire to reflect new 
 needs. It is also recommended that the collection of total mine 
 experience and job-related training data be eliminated, since 
 these variables are conceptually very hard to measure. Also, 
 the variables experience on the job and experience with the 
 company should be measured in years only. 
 
 REFERENCES 
 
 1. Cochran, W. G. Sampling Techniques. Wiley, 3d ed., 1977, 428 
 pp. 
 
 2. U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics Occupational Injuries and 
 Illnesses in the United States by Industry, 1985. May 1987, 81 pp. 
 
 3. Hansen, M. H., W. N. Hurwitz, and W. G. Madow. Sample 
 Survey Methods and Theory. Wiley, 1953, 638 pp. 
 
 4. Wolter, K. M. Introduction to Variance Estimation. Springer- 
 Verlag, 1985, 440 pp. 
 
 5. U.S. Mine Safety and Health Administration. Injury Experience 
 in Metallic Mining, 1986. Inf. Rep. 1158, 1987, 276 pp. 
 
 6. 
 
 .. Injury Experience in Stone Mining, 1986. Inf. Rep. 1160, 
 
 1987, 450 pp. 
 
 7. Injury Experience in Sand and Gravel Mining, 1986. Inf. 
 
 Rep. 1161, 1987, 111 pp. 
 
 8. Injury Experience in Nonmetallic Mining, 1986. Inf. 
 
 Rep. 1159, 1987, 291 pp. 
 
 9. Injury Experience in Coal Mining, 1986. Inf. Rep. 1157, 
 
 1987, 390 pp. 
 
APPENDIX A.— METAL AND NONMETAL MINING INDUSTRY JOB TITLE GROUPING 
 
 Description 
 
 Job title code 
 
 Backhoe-crane-dragline-shovel operator 367, 378, 778, 387 
 
 Beltman-belt repairman 601, 1012, 996 
 
 Blaster 807 
 
 Deckhand-barge and dredge operator 372 
 
 Dozer-heavy and mobile equipment operator 368, 768, 985 
 
 Driller-rock bolter 33, 34, 333, 334, 1056, 46 
 
 Electrician-lampman 402, 602, 603, 385 
 
 Front-end loader-forklift operator 382, 782, 825, 389 
 
 Grader-scraper operator 375, 775, 957 
 
 Laborer-miner-utility man 616, 53, 316, 36, 38, 39, 45, 57, 58, 59, 158, 216, 
 
 224, 327, 386, 395, 609, 624, 663, 710, 716, 
 874, 997, 1013, 1055 
 Manager-foreman-supervisor: 
 
 General 430, 449, 481, 489, 494 
 
 Maintenance 418 
 
 Working 749 
 
 Mechanic-welder-oiler-machinist 404, 604, 605, 1019, 1018, 1060, 394, 608 
 
 Mine technical support 320, 393, 396, 414, 423, 456, 464, 495, 593, 594 
 
 920, 921, 930, 965, 998, 1014 
 
 Office worker 497 
 
 Plant operator-warehouseman 374, 379, 380, 388, 390, 392, 1022 
 
 Shuttle car-tram operator 850, 28, 29, 269, 373, 728, 962, 969 
 
 Stone cutter-finisher 398, 399 
 
 Truck driver 376, 776 
 
 Code 
 
 Description 
 
 28 Scoop tram operator 
 
 29 Mucking machine operator 
 
 33 Driller helper, underground 
 
 34 Exploration driller, underground 
 
 Longhole driller, underground 
 
 Prospect driller, underground 
 
 Diamond driller, underground 
 
 36 Continuous miner operator 
 
 38 Cutting machine operator 
 
 39 Hand loader 
 
 Trammer 
 45 Hangup man 
 
 Rockman 
 
 Raise blaster 
 
 Chute blaster 
 
 Rock handler 
 46 Pinner 
 
 Truss bolter 
 
 Rock bolter 
 
 Roof trimmer 
 
 Roof man 
 
 Scaler operator 
 
 Roof bolter 
 53 Nipper 
 
 Utility man 
 
 57 Stope miner 
 
 58 DXC miner 
 
 Drift miner 
 
 59 Raise miner 
 
 158 Rock machine operator, underground 
 
 216 Trackman 
 
 224 Trainees, underground 
 
 Code 
 
 Description 
 
 269 
 
 Chute puller, underground 
 
 
 Locomotive operator 
 
 
 Car loader, underground 
 
 
 Whistle punk, underground 
 
 316 
 
 Service truck operator 
 
 
 Laborer 
 
 
 Track gang, surface 
 
 
 Surface worker 
 
 
 Utility man, surface 
 
 
 Pumper, surface 
 
 
 Tamping machine operator 
 
 320 
 
 Cage attendant, surface 
 
 
 Aerial tram — outside only 
 
 327 
 
 Surface miner 
 
 333 
 
 Driller helper 
 
 334 
 
 Carriage-mounted drill operator, surface 
 
 
 Wagon drill operator, surface 
 
 
 Churn driller, surface 
 
 
 Rotary drill operator 
 
 
 JP drill operator, surface 
 
 
 Air-track driller, outside only 
 
 367 
 
 Backhoe operator 
 
 
 Power shovel operator 
 
 
 Pitman 
 
 368 
 
 Dozer operator 
 
 
 Track operator helper, surface 
 
 
 Tractor operator, surface 
 
 372 
 
 Deckhand 
 
 
 Dredge operator 
 
 
 Barge attendant 
 
 
 Barge loader 
 
 
 Boat operator 
 
Code Description 
 
 373 Car dropper 
 
 374 Storekeeper 
 
 Blunger 
 
 Process operator 
 
 Sandbox operator 
 
 Mill operator 
 
 Reagent operator 
 
 Car loader, surface 
 
 Warehouseman 
 
 Shipping 
 
 Media operator 
 
 Breakerman 
 
 Crusher operator 
 
 Sewing machine operator 
 
 Boney preparation plant operator 
 
 Packaging 
 
 Cleaning plant operator 
 
 Truck loader 
 
 Bagger-baler 
 
 Preparation plant operator 
 
 Cobber 
 
 375 Grader operator, surface 
 
 376 Truck driver, surface 
 
 378 Dragline operator 
 
 Dropball operator 
 
 Crane operator, surface 
 379 Kiln operator 
 
 Calciner 
 
 Dryer operator 
 
 380 Fine coal plant operator 
 
 382 Loader operator 
 
 Front-end loader operator, surface 
 
 Pan operator 
 
 Scraper operator 
 
 Highlift operator 
 
 Payloader operator 
 
 385 Lampman 
 
 386 Refuse truck driver 
 
 387 Rotary bucket excavator operator 
 
 388 Separator operator 
 
 Scalper 
 
 Shaker operator 
 
 Screen operator 
 
 389 Forklift operator 
 
 390 Silo operator 
 
 392 Washery operator 
 
 Topman 
 
 Skip dumper 
 
 Binman 
 
 Scrubber operator 
 
 Tipple operator-attendant 
 393 Scaleperson 
 
 Weighman-weighmaster 
 
 394 Carpenter 
 
 395 Water truck operator 
 
 396 Watchman 
 
 Security guard 
 398 Sawyer 
 
 Stone finishing 
 
 399 Dimension stone cutter-polisher 
 
 402 Master electrician 
 
 404 Master mechanic 
 
 Code Description 
 
 414 Laboratory assistant 
 
 Analyst 
 
 Laboratory technician 
 
 Laboratory supervisor 
 
 Quality control 
 
 Dust sampler 
 
 Emission control specialist 
 418 Maintenance supervisor 
 
 Maintenance foreman 
 
 423 Surveyor 
 
 430 Assistant mine manager 
 
 Assistant mine foreman-vice president 
 449 Mine owner 
 
 Assayers 
 
 President 
 
 General foreman 
 
 Mine manager 
 
 Mine foreman 
 456 Engineer 
 
 Metallurgist-Geologist 
 
 Chemist 
 
 464 Inspector 
 
 481 Superintendents 
 
 Project managers 
 
 Coordinators 
 
 Supervisors 
 
 489 Outside foreman 
 
 494 Plant manager 
 
 Mill manager 
 
 Plant foreman 
 
 Mill foreman 
 495 Safety coordinator 
 
 Safety manager 
 
 Safety director 
 
 Environmental coordinator 
 
 Safety engineer 
 497 Office help 
 
 Computer operator 
 
 Controller 
 
 Clerk 
 
 593 Nurse 
 
 594 Training specialist 
 
 601 Conveyor man 
 
 Belt walker 
 
 Belt installer 
 
 Tunnel worker 
 
 Tailpiece man 
 
 Belt mover 
 
 Mobile bridge carrierman 
 
 Beltman 
 602 Lineman 
 
 Electrician 
 
 603 Electrician helper 
 
 604 Fueler 
 
 Boilermaker 
 
 Plumber 
 
 Pipefitter 
 
 Boiler operator 
 
 Pipe man 
 
 Boiler trainee 
 
 Mechanic 
 
 Repairman 
 
 Millwright 
 
10 
 
 Code Description 
 
 605 Mechanic helper 
 
 608 Mason 
 
 609 Supplyman 
 
 Material man 
 616 Rock picker 
 
 Parts runner 
 
 Groundman 
 
 Unit helper 
 
 Bathhouse attendant 
 
 Pointman 
 
 Laborer 
 
 Slate picker 
 
 Roustabout 
 
 Extra man 
 624 Trainees 
 
 Apprentice 
 663 Ledgeman 
 
 Quarry man 
 
 Miner, not elsewhere classified 
 
 Shaft miner 
 
 Probeman 
 710 Propman 
 
 Timberman 
 716 Cement man 
 
 Form man 
 
 Grizzly tender 
 728 Gizmo operator 
 
 Load-haul-dump operator, underground 
 749 .....Shift boss 
 
 Foreman-leadman 
 
 Bullgang foreman 
 
 Labor foreman 
 
 Section boss-foreman 
 
 768 Heavy equipment operator 
 
 775 Grader operator, underground 
 
 776 Truck driver, underground 
 
 778 Cherry picker 
 
 Crane operator, underground 
 
 Dragline operator, underground 
 
 Backhoe operator, underground 
 
 Gradall operator 
 
 782 Front-end loader operator, underground 
 
 807 Chargeman 
 
 Shot firer 
 
 Powder man 
 
 Blaster 
 
 Airdox operator 
 
 Loading hole shooter 
 
 Powder monkey 
 
 Code Description 
 
 825 Bobcat operator 
 
 850 Ramcar operator 
 
 Shuttle car operator 
 Buggy operator 
 
 874 Mine equipment operator 
 
 920 Cager 
 
 921 Hoist operator 
 
 Hoist engineer 
 Shaftman 
 
 930 Skip tender 
 
 957 Scraper operator 
 
 962 Car runner, surface 
 
 Trip rider 
 Brakeman 
 Flagman 
 Car rider 
 Conductor 
 
 965 Dispatcher 
 
 969 Swamper 
 
 Motorman 
 Switchman 
 
 985 Heavy equipment operator, surface 
 
 Mobile equipment operator, surface 
 
 996 Feeder man 
 
 997 General or many equipment operator 
 
 998 Janitor 
 
 Bag stenciler 
 
 Prospector 
 
 Painter 
 
 1012 Belt repairman 
 
 Belt vulcanizer 
 
 1013 Cleanup man 
 
 1014 Sampler 
 
 1018 Lube man 
 
 Greaser-oiler 
 
 1019 Welder 
 
 1022 Dump man 
 
 Dump operator 
 
 1055 Chainman 
 
 1056 Rock driller 
 
 1060 Machinist 
 
 Shopman 
 Shop foreman 
 Bit sharpener 
 
11 
 
 APPENDIX B. 
 
 -METAL AND NONMETAL MINING INDUSTRY EQUIPMENT OPERATED 
 
 GROUPING 
 
 Description 
 
 Equipment code 
 
 Backhoe-crane-dragline-shovel 60, 14 
 
 Belt 13,96 
 
 Dozer-heavy and mobile equipment 8, 85 
 
 Drill (underground)-rock bolter 53, 54, 49 
 
 Drill (surface) 9 
 
 Explosives 47 
 
 Front-end loader-forklift 24, 23 
 
 Grader-scraper 52, 57 
 
 Handtools (powered and nonpowered) 28 
 
 Hoist-elevator 30, 19, 38 
 
 Many equipment 97 
 
 Miscellaneous utility equipment 95, 12, 16 
 
 Plant equipment 40, 7, 10, 11, 15, 18, 22, 26, 32, 39, 46, 51, 58, 
 
 69, 82, 83 
 
 Pump 48 
 
 Scale-lab equipment-controls 92, 80, 91 
 
 Shuttle car-locomotive 61, 34, 33, 41, 42, 43, 65 
 
 Stone cutting-finishing machine 17 
 
 Truck (haulage) 44, 45 
 
 Truck (utility)-personnel carrier 67, 37, 66 
 
 Welding machine-lathe 70, 5 
 
 None 
 
 Not elsewhere classified 98, 68, 71, 81, 88 
 
 Unspecified 99 
 
 Code 
 
 Description 
 
 
 
 None 
 
 5 
 
 Drill press 
 
 
 Bench grinder 
 
 
 Lathe 
 
 7 
 
 
 
 Barges 
 
 
 Water transportation 
 
 8 
 
 Bulldozer 
 
 
 Dozer 
 
 
 Crawler tractor 
 
 9 
 
 
 
 Jumbo drill 
 
 
 Churn drill 
 
 
 Rotary drill 
 
 
 Jet piercing drill 
 
 
 Airtrack compressor drill 
 
 10 
 
 Chute 
 
 
 Airslide 
 
 11 
 
 Classifier 
 
 
 Cyclones 
 
 12 
 
 
 
 Dosco miner 
 
 13 
 
 Belt feeder 
 
 
 Mobile bridge carrier 
 
 
 Conveyor 
 
 
 All types belts 
 
 14 
 
 Cherry picker 
 
 
 Basket scaler 
 
 
 Scali' 1 '- machine 
 
 
 Rock or dropball 
 
 
 Boom hoist 
 
 
 Derrick 
 
 
 Crane 
 
 
 Gantry 
 
 Code Description 
 
 15 Breaker 
 
 Crusher 
 16 Cutting machines 
 
 Undercutter 
 
 Chain cutter 
 17 Polishing machinery 
 
 Dimension stone cutting 
 
 18 Dredge 
 
 19 Elevator 
 
 Buckets 
 
 Cage 
 
 Skip 
 22 Precipitator heavy media bath 
 
 Filters 
 
 Flotation machines 
 
 23 Forklift 
 
 24 Highlift 
 
 Skip tender 
 
 Front-end loader 
 
 Payloader 
 
 26 Grizzlies 
 
 28 Handtools (powered and nonpowered) 
 
 Ram jack 
 30 Hoist 
 
 Car dropper 
 
 Hydraulic jack 
 
 32 Impactor 
 
 33 Scoop tram 
 
 Unitrac 
 
 Load-haul-dump 
 
 Teletram car 
 
 Bobcat, underground 
 
12 
 
 Code Description 
 
 34 Locomotive 
 
 Trammer 
 
 Tow-motor 
 
 Lorry car 
 
 Rail-mounted locomotive 
 37 Porta bus 
 
 Mancar 
 
 Golf cart 
 
 Mantrip 
 
 Rail runner 
 
 Rail rover 
 
 Personnel carrier 
 
 Boss buggy 
 
 Jeep 
 38 Man lift 
 
 Scaling rig 
 39 Grinding mills 
 
 Ball or rod mills 
 40 Milling machinery 
 
 Block press 
 
 General plant equipment 
 41 Nipper truck, underground 
 
 Mine car, underground 
 
 Underground flatcar 
 
 Timber truck, underground 
 42 Mine car, surface 
 
 Ore-coal car, surface 
 
 Boxcar, surface 
 
 Hopper car, surface 
 43 Mucking machine 
 
 Overshot loader 
 
 44 Ore haulage trucks, offhighway 
 
 45 Payloader ore haulage, onhighway 
 
 46 Bagger 
 
 Sewing machine 
 
 Packaging machine 
 47 Pneumatic blast agent loader 
 
 Pop shooter 
 
 Driller loader 
 
 Prill loader 
 
 Powder buggy 
 
 Explosives 
 
 48 Pump 
 
 49 Raise borer 
 
 51 Raw coal storage 
 
 Tipple 
 
 Dump bins 
 52 Roadgrader 
 
 Motor grader 
 
 Motor patrol 
 53 Jackleg 
 
 Drifter drill 
 
 Airleg 
 
 Diamond drill 
 
 Track drill 
 
 Jumbo drill 
 
 Rock drill 
 
 Buzzy drill 
 
 Jackhammer 
 
 Hydraulic drill 
 
 Stoper drill 
 
 Code Description 
 
 54 Pinner 
 
 Roof bolting machine 
 57 Pan scraper 
 
 Scoop, surface 
 
 Self-loading scraper 
 
 Tractor scraper 
 
 Scraper loader 
 58 Shaker 
 
 Vibrator 
 
 Screen 
 60 Dragline 
 
 Dragline bucket 
 
 Backhoe 
 
 Power shovel 
 
 Clamshell 
 61 Buggy 
 
 Shuttle car 
 
 Ram car 
 65 Track maintenance 
 
 Track repair equipment 
 66 Tractor, underground 
 
 Elkhorn 
 
 Supply car 
 67 Trash truck 
 
 Service truck 
 
 Utility truck 
 
 Water truck 
 
 Dump truck 
 
 Pickup truck 
 68 Tugger 
 
 Air winch 
 
 69 Washers 
 
 70 Welding machine 
 
 Torch 
 71 Machines, not elsewhere classified 
 
 Rock rake 
 
 Drilling rigs 
 
 Impact roller 
 
 80 Lab equipment 
 
 81 Rigs, not elsewhere classified 
 
 82 Boilers 
 
 83 Furnaces 
 
 Calciners 
 
 Kilns 
 
 Dryers 
 85 Heavy equipment 
 
 Mobile equipment 
 
 88 Diesels 
 
 91 Controls 
 
 Consoles 
 
 92 Scales 
 
 95 Miscellaneous utility equipment 
 
 96 Feeders 
 
 97 Many-all types of equipment 
 
 98 Not elsewhere classified 
 
 99 Not specified 
 
13 
 
 APPENDIX C— ESTIMATION PROCEDURES 
 
 Establishment weight. — Suppose one out of every five 
 mine establishments in a sampling stratum (industry-mine 
 type-employment size class-status) was selected. Then, the 
 sampling ratio is 1/5, and the establishment weight (EWT) is 
 5.00, the inverse of the sampling ratio. 
 
 Nonresponse adjustment factor. — Also suppose in a given 
 sampling stratum, 80 pet of the establishments that were 
 within the scope of the survey responded. Then, the nonre- 
 sponse adjustment factor (NRAF) is 1.25 (i.e., 100/80). 
 
 Worker weight. — Additionally, there was the sampling 
 ratio with which the workers in the establishment were sam- 
 pled; the worker weight (WWT) ranged from 1 .00 to 30.00 (see 
 the first page of MIPS questionnaire in appendix F). Theoret- 
 ically, all the workers in a sampling stratum should have had 
 the same weight. Hence, there would have been no need to 
 assign weight at the worker level, as the worker weight could 
 have been incorporated into the establishment weight. In 
 practice, however, this is seldom the case because for a few 
 establishments the employment level changes from what it was 
 on the sampling frame to the time of the survey data collec- 
 tion. Since all the establishments did not report in the same 
 employment size class that they were sampled in, it was 
 necessary to also assign each worker a weight. 
 
 Final weight. — For the purpose of computing the esti- 
 mates, each worker was assigned a final weight (FWT), which 
 was the product of establishment weight (EWT), nonresponse 
 adjustment factor (NRAF), and the worker weight (WWT). 
 That is, FWT = EWT x NRAF x WWT. 
 
 Estimates of number of workers. — The estimates of the 
 total number of workers were computed by (1) summing the 
 final weights over the appropriate domain, and (2) rounding 
 the sum to the nearest integer. 
 
 Example: To estimate the total number of truck drivers in 
 the stone industry: 
 
 1. Compute x = £ FWT ; , 
 
 Estimates of mean. — The estimates of mean age (training) 
 were computed by summing over the appropriate domain (1) 
 the product of age (training) and final weight, (2) the final 
 weights, and then (3) dividing the sum of the products by the 
 sum of the weights and rounding the result to the nearest whole 
 number. It should be noted that for each domain only those 
 entries where age (training) was specified were included in the 
 computation: 
 
 Example: The mean age of the blasters in the metal 
 industry was estimated as follows. 
 
 Where, the domain D was the set of all records (workers) that 
 had an industry code of stone and occupation code of truck 
 driver. 
 
 2. Compute y = round (x). 
 
 1. Compute \ = Yd ( A 8 e i * FWT i)- 
 
 2. Compute y = £ FWTj. 
 
 Where, domain D is the set of all records that had an industry 
 code of metal and an occupation code of blasters, with age 
 being specified. 
 
 3. Compute z = round (x/y). 
 
 Estimates of median. — The estimates of median job, 
 company, and mining experience were derived by (1) sorting 
 the records within the domain in ascending order of the 
 experience for which the median statistic was desired, (2) 
 computing the total number of workers (NW) in the domain by 
 summing the final weights, and (3) selecting the experience 
 corresponding to the middle worker(s) in the ordering. That is, 
 if NW is an odd number, then the median experience is the 
 experience corresponding to the (NW/2 + l)th worker in the 
 ordering; if NW is an even number, then the median experience 
 is the midpoint (rounded to the nearest integer) of the experi- 
 ence corresponding to the (NW/2)th and (NW/2 + l)th 
 worker in the ordering. As with the mean estimates, the 
 median estimates also excluded those entries in the domain 
 with unspecified experience. 
 
14 
 
 APPENDIX D.— RELIABILITY OF ESTIMATES: 
 RANDOM GROUP VARIANCE TECHNIQUE 
 
 The random group method of variance estimation em- 
 ployed in this study consisted of selecting eight samples using 
 the same sampling scheme for each sample as the parent 
 sample. The primary sampling units (establishments) were 
 divided into two sets. The first set consisted of noncertainty 
 (probability of selection less than 1 .00) primary sampling units 
 sorted by their original industry-mine type-employment size 
 class-status. A random integer, say j, between 1 and 8 was 
 generated. The first primary unit in the ordering was assigned 
 to the random group j, the second to the random group j + 1, 
 and so forth in a modulo 8 fashion. Then, the secondary 
 sampling units (workers) were assigned the same random group 
 number as the primary unit to which they belonged. 
 
 The second set consisted of all secondary sampling units 
 belonging to the certainty (probability of selection equal to 
 1.00) primary sampling units. The secondary sampling units 
 were sorted by the same scheme as above, and a random 
 integer, say k, between 1 and 8 was generated. Then, the first 
 secondary unit in the ordering was assigned to the random 
 group k, the second to the random group k + 1, and so forth 
 in a modulo 8 fashion. Hence, each worker belonged to a 
 random group. For a more detailed discussion of the random 
 group technique, the reader is referred to reference 4 of the 
 main text. 
 
 The following procedure was followed in computing the 
 estimated variance (var), standard error (s), and the coefficient 
 
 of variation (CV) for the estimated number of workers belong- 
 ing to a particular category. 
 
 1. The domain (i.e., category) was defined. 
 
 2. A separate estimate for total number of workers, 9j, for 
 each of the eight random groups was computed. If any random 
 group was empty, then a zero was assigned to that random 
 group. 
 
 3. Total number of workers, 0, for all eight groups was 
 computed as 
 
 e = 6i + e 2 + ... + e 8 . 
 
 4. The mean number of workers per group was computed 
 as . 
 
 9 = 9/8. 
 
 5. The variance fore was computed as 
 
 var 
 
 (6j -e) 2 
 
 (9) = 8 E ^ 
 
 6. The standard error of 9 was computed as 
 
 s(0) = V var (eT 
 7. The CV for 9 was computed as 
 
 CV (9) = 5©i x 100.0. 
 9 
 
15 
 
 APPENDIX E.— METAL AND NONMETAL MINING 1986 WORKFORCE ESTIMATES 
 
 TABLE E-1.— Metal and nonmetal mining 1986 workforce estimates: employment size class, by type of ore mined 
 
 Employment Metal Stone Sand and gravel Nonmetal Total 
 
 size class Workers pet Workers pet Workers pet Workers pet Workers pet 
 
 1-19 1,771 5 18,511 25 25,200 68 3,825 11 49,307 27 
 
 20-49 1,695 5 17,215 23 9,117 25 4,062 12 32,088 18 
 
 50-99 2,101 6 10,145 14 2,444 7 4,360 13 19,050 11 
 
 100-249 7,715 21 23,219 32 339 1 9,049 27 40,322 22 
 
 250-499 5,590 16 3,726 5 5,514 16 14,829 8 
 
 500+ 17,068 47 540 1 0_ 6,625 20 24,233 13 
 
 Total 35,940 100 73,357 100 37,100 100 33,434 100 179,831 100 
 
 1 MSHA size groups are based on the annual average employment of the primary subunit and not on the total employment; hence, MSHA published injury 
 statistics by size groups should not be analyzed against these data. 
 
 NOTE.— Owing to independent rounding, data may not add to totals shown. 
 
 TABLE E-2.— Metal and nonmetal mining 1986 workforce estimates: job title, by type of ore mined 
 
 Metal 
 
 Job title grouping 1 
 
 Workers pet 
 
 Backhoe-crane-dragline-shovel operator 557 2 
 
 Beltman-belt repairman 127 
 
 Blaster 189 1 
 
 Deckhand-barge and dredge operator 12 
 
 Dozer-heavy and mobile equipment operator. 1,040 3 
 
 Driller-rock bolter 1,029 3 
 
 Electrician-lampman 1,663 5 
 
 Front-end loader-forklift operator 629 2 
 
 Grader-scraper operator 195 1 
 
 Laborer-miner-utility man 4,284 12 
 
 Manager-foreman-supervisor: 
 
 General 1,558 4 
 
 Maintenance 537 1 
 
 Working 1,874 5 
 
 Mechanic-welder-oiler-machinist 7,857 22 
 
 Mine technical support 4,076 11 
 
 Office worker 1,886 5 
 
 Plant operator-warehouseman 5,275 15 
 
 Shuttle car-tram operator 968 3 
 
 Stonecutter-finisher 
 
 Truck driver 2,184 6 
 
 Total 35,940 100 73,357 
 
 ''As defined by MSHA; see appendix A for detailed explanation of job title grouping 
 
 NOTE.— Owing to independent rounding, data may not add to totals shown. 
 
 Stone 
 
 
 Sand and 
 Workers 
 
 gravel 
 pet 
 
 Nonmetal 
 
 
 Total 
 
 
 Workers 
 
 pet 
 
 Workers 
 
 pet 
 
 Workers 
 
 pet 
 
 2,118 
 
 3 
 
 1,279 
 
 3 
 
 983 
 
 3 
 
 4,937 
 
 3 
 
 319 
 
 
 
 208 
 
 1 
 
 146 
 
 
 
 800 
 
 
 
 336 
 
 
 
 3 
 
 
 
 77 
 
 
 
 605 
 
 
 
 171 
 
 
 
 853 
 
 2 
 
 68 
 
 
 
 1,103 
 
 1 
 
 1,775 
 
 2 
 
 1,381 
 
 4 
 
 1,092 
 
 3 
 
 5,288 
 
 3 
 
 2,058 
 
 3 
 
 56 
 
 
 
 558 
 
 2 
 
 3,700 
 
 2 
 
 1,433 
 
 2 
 
 75 
 
 
 
 608 
 
 2 
 
 3,780 
 
 2 
 
 6,095 
 
 8 
 
 5,933 
 
 16 
 
 1,286 
 
 4 
 
 13,942 
 
 8 
 
 415 
 
 1 
 
 352 
 
 1 
 
 361 
 
 1 
 
 1,323 
 
 1 
 
 8,771 
 
 12 
 
 2,918 
 
 8 
 
 4,046 
 
 12 
 
 20,019 
 
 11 
 
 4,543 
 
 6 
 
 3,466 
 
 9 
 
 2,152 
 
 6 
 
 11,719 
 
 7 
 
 708 
 
 1 
 
 40 
 
 
 
 537 
 
 2 
 
 1,821 
 
 1 
 
 2,362 
 
 3 
 
 387 
 
 1 
 
 1,519 
 
 5 
 
 6,143 
 
 3 
 
 1 1 ,458 
 
 16 
 
 3,299 
 
 9 
 
 5,929 
 
 18 
 
 28,543 
 
 16 
 
 4,524 
 
 6 
 
 1,439 
 
 4 
 
 3,000 
 
 9 
 
 13,038 
 
 7 
 
 5,010 
 
 7 
 
 3,188 
 
 9 
 
 2,356 
 
 7 
 
 12,440 
 
 7 
 
 1 1 ,377 
 
 16 
 
 3,918 
 
 11 
 
 6,742 
 
 20 
 
 27,312 
 
 15 
 
 213 
 
 
 
 32 
 
 
 
 394 
 
 1 
 
 1,607 
 
 1 
 
 864 
 
 1 
 
 
 
 
 
 15 
 
 
 
 879 
 
 
 
 8,808 
 
 12 
 
 8,274 
 
 22 
 
 1,565 
 
 5 
 
 20,830 
 
 12 
 
 100 
 
 37,100 
 
 100 
 
 33,434 
 
 100 
 
 179,831 
 
 100 
 
16 
 
 TABLE E-3.— Metal and nonmetal mining 1986 workforce estimates: 1 principal equipment operated, by type of ore mined 
 
 Equipment operated Metal Stone 
 gro"Pi"9 2 Workers pet Workers pet 
 
 Backhoe-crane-dragline-shovel 650 2 2,228 3 
 
 Belt 127 404 1 
 
 Dozer-heavy and mobile equipment 961 3 1,616 2 
 
 Drill (underground)-rock bolter 823 2 485 1 
 
 Drill (surface) 328 1 1,898 3 
 
 Explosives 175 1 332 
 
 Front-end loader-forklift 1,003 3 7,538 11 
 
 Grader-scraper 195 1 427 1 
 
 Handtools (powered and nonpowered) 7,888 23 10,370 15 
 
 Hoist-elevator 221 1 36 
 
 Many equipment 567 2 684 1 
 
 Miscellaneous utility equipment 2,371 7 5,423 8 
 
 Plant equipment 4,036 12 9,105 13 
 
 Pump 195 1 168 
 
 Scale-lab equipment-controls 1,772 5 3,316 5 
 
 Shuttle car-locomotive 1,050 3 312 
 
 Stone cutting-finishing machine 868 1 
 
 Truck (haulage) 2,299 7 9,119 13 
 
 Truck (utility)-personnel carrier 1,080 3 989 1 
 
 Welding machine-lathe 1,632 5 2,904 4 
 
 None 6,212 18 9,235 14 
 
 Not elsewhere classified 294 1 193 
 
 Unspecified 174 1 695 1 
 
 Total 34,054 100 68,347 100 
 
 Excluding job title category of office workers. 
 
 2 See appendix B for detailed explanation of equipment operated grouping. 
 
 NOTE. — Owing to independent rounding, data may not add to totals shown. 
 
 Sand and 
 
 gravel 
 pet 
 
 Nonmetal 
 
 
 Total 
 
 
 Workers 
 
 Workers 
 
 pet 
 
 Workers 
 
 pet 
 
 1,323 
 
 4 
 
 887 
 
 3 
 
 5,088 
 
 3 
 
 247 
 
 1 
 
 157 
 
 1 
 
 936 
 
 1 
 
 1,164 
 
 3 
 
 1,102 
 
 4 
 
 4,843 
 
 3 
 
 3 
 
 
 
 275 
 
 1 
 
 1,586 
 
 1 
 
 52 
 
 
 
 313 
 
 1 
 
 2,591 
 
 2 
 
 3 
 
 
 
 77 
 
 
 
 588 
 
 
 
 6,640 
 
 20 
 
 1,915 
 
 6 
 
 17,096 
 
 10 
 
 400 
 
 1 
 
 506 
 
 2 
 
 1,529 
 
 1 
 
 2,787 
 
 8 
 
 6,564 
 
 21 
 
 27,609 
 
 16 
 
 
 
 
 
 203 
 
 1 
 
 460 
 
 
 
 326 
 
 1 
 
 840 
 
 3 
 
 2,417 
 
 1 
 
 1,733 
 
 5 
 
 1,915 
 
 6 
 
 11,442 
 
 7 
 
 5,045 
 
 15 
 
 5,304 
 
 17 
 
 23,489 
 
 14 
 
 216 
 
 1 
 
 179 
 
 1 
 
 758 
 
 
 
 985 
 
 3 
 
 1,506 
 
 5 
 
 7,579 
 
 5 
 
 21 
 
 
 
 389 
 
 1 
 
 1,772 
 
 1 
 
 
 
 
 
 15 
 
 
 
 883 
 
 1 
 
 8,501 
 
 25 
 
 1,570 
 
 5 
 
 21,488 
 
 13 
 
 211 
 
 1 
 
 604 
 
 2 
 
 2,885 
 
 2 
 
 808 
 
 2 
 
 443 
 
 1 
 
 5,787 
 
 3 
 
 3,300 
 
 10 
 
 5,837 
 
 19 
 
 24,584 
 
 15 
 
 57 
 
 
 
 145 
 
 
 
 689 
 
 
 
 90 
 
 
 
 333 
 
 1 
 
 1,292 
 
 1 
 
 33,912 
 
 100 
 
 31.078 
 
 100 
 
 167.391 
 
 100 
 
 TABLE E-4— Metal and nonmetal mining 1986 workforce estimates: work location at mine, by type of ore mined 
 
 Work location 
 
 Metal 
 
 Stone 
 
 Sand and gravel 
 
 Nonmetal 
 
 Total 
 
 Workers 
 
 pet 
 
 Workers 
 
 pet 
 
 Workers 
 
 pet 
 
 Workers 
 
 pet 
 
 Workers 
 
 pet 
 
 4,980 
 
 14 
 
 1.094 
 
 1 
 
 
 
 
 
 3,643 
 
 11 
 
 9,717 
 
 5 
 
 1,756 
 
 5 
 
 658 
 
 1 
 
 
 
 
 
 1,783 
 
 5 
 
 4,197 
 
 2 
 
 10,992 
 
 31 
 
 35.742 
 
 49 
 
 26,631 
 
 72 
 
 11,208 
 
 34 
 
 84.572 
 
 47 
 
 15.126 
 
 42 
 
 28,546 
 
 39 
 
 6,026 
 
 16 
 
 13.634 
 
 41 
 
 63.332 
 
 35 
 
 3,087 
 
 9 
 
 7.316 
 
 10 
 
 4.443 
 
 12 
 
 3,167 
 
 9 
 
 18,012 
 
 10 
 
 Underground mine 
 
 Surface at underground mine. 
 
 Surface mine 
 
 Plant or mill 
 
 Office 
 
 Total 
 
 35,940 
 
 100 
 
 73,357 
 
 100 
 
 37,100 
 
 100 
 
 33.434 
 
 100 
 
 179.831 
 
 100 
 
 NOTE— Owing to independent rounding, data may not add to totals shown. 
 
TABLE E-5.— Metal and nonmetal mining 1986 workforce estimates: 1 
 experience at job, company, and mining, by type of ore mined 
 
 17 
 
 Experience, yr 
 
 Metal 
 
 Stone 
 
 Sand and gravel 
 
 Nonmetal 
 
 Total 
 
 Workers 
 
 pet 
 
 Workers 
 
 pet 
 
 Workers 
 
 pet 
 
 Workers 
 
 pet 
 
 Workers 
 
 pet 
 
 At present job: 
 
 0< to si 
 
 1< to s2 
 
 2< to s3 
 
 3< to <5 
 
 5< to <10 
 
 10< to <20 
 
 20< 
 
 Unspecified 
 
 Total 
 
 Median yr... 
 
 At present company: 
 
 0< to <1 
 
 1< to <5 
 
 5< to <10 
 
 10< to <15 
 
 15< to s20 
 
 20< to <25 
 
 25< to <30 
 
 30< 
 
 Unspecified 
 
 Total 
 
 Median yr... 
 
 Total mining: 
 
 0< to <1 
 
 1< to <5 
 
 5< to <10 
 
 10< to <15 
 
 15< to <20 
 
 20< to <25 
 
 25< to <30 
 
 30< 
 
 Unspecified 
 
 Total 
 
 Median yr... 
 
 NAp Not applicable. 
 
 1 Excluding job title category of office workers. 
 
 NOTE. — Owing to independent rounding, data 
 
 6,616 
 
 19 
 
 13,067 
 
 19 
 
 6,625 
 
 20 
 
 4,900 
 
 16 
 
 31,206 
 
 19 
 
 3,665 
 
 11 
 
 8,365 
 
 12 
 
 3,812 
 
 11 
 
 3,681 
 
 12 
 
 19,523 
 
 12 
 
 2,764 
 
 8 
 
 6,185 
 
 9 
 
 3,214 
 
 9 
 
 2,142 
 
 7 
 
 14,305 
 
 9 
 
 3,349 
 
 10 
 
 8,392 
 
 12 
 
 3,932 
 
 12 
 
 3,711 
 
 12 
 
 19,383 
 
 12 
 
 8,223 
 
 24 
 
 14,212 
 
 21 
 
 5,856 
 
 17 
 
 8,197 
 
 26 
 
 36,488 
 
 22 
 
 6,492 
 
 19 
 
 9,702 
 
 14 
 
 4,884 
 
 14 
 
 5,253 
 
 . 17 
 
 26,332 
 
 16 
 
 2,117 
 
 6 
 
 3,814 
 
 6 
 
 2,172 
 
 6 
 
 841 
 
 3 
 
 8,943 
 
 5 
 
 828 
 
 2 
 
 4,611 
 
 7 
 
 3,417 
 
 10 
 
 2,353 
 
 8 
 
 11,210 
 
 7 
 
 34,054 
 6 
 
 100 
 NAp 
 
 68,347 
 5 
 
 100 
 NAp 
 
 33,912 
 4 
 
 100 
 NAp 
 
 31 ,078 
 5 
 
 100 
 NAp 
 
 167,391 
 5 
 
 34,054 100 
 
 10 NAp 
 
 68,347 
 8 
 
 100 
 NAp 
 
 33,912 
 5 
 
 100 
 NAp 
 
 31 ,078 
 9 
 
 100 
 NAp 
 
 167,391 
 8 
 
 100 
 NAp 
 
 4,312 
 
 13 
 
 8,741 
 
 13 
 
 5,818 
 
 17 
 
 2,375 
 
 8 
 
 21,245 
 
 13 
 
 5,915 
 
 17 
 
 16,500 
 
 24 
 
 10,698 
 
 32 
 
 6,604 
 
 21 
 
 39,718 
 
 24 
 
 7,713 
 
 23 
 
 14,282 
 
 21 
 
 6,642 
 
 20 
 
 8,691 
 
 28 
 
 37,328 
 
 22 
 
 5,568 
 
 16 
 
 9,269 
 
 14 
 
 3,934 
 
 12 
 
 6,108 
 
 20 
 
 24,878 
 
 15 
 
 5,064 
 
 15 
 
 6,670 
 
 10 
 
 2,418 
 
 7 
 
 2,972 
 
 10 
 
 17,124 
 
 10 
 
 2,188 
 
 6 
 
 3,550 
 
 5 
 
 1,281 
 
 4 
 
 1,992 
 
 6 
 
 9,011 
 
 5 
 
 1,482 
 
 4 
 
 2,867 
 
 4 
 
 883 
 
 3 
 
 914 
 
 3 
 
 6,147 
 
 4 
 
 1,552 
 
 5 
 
 4,126 
 
 6 
 
 999 
 
 3 
 
 1,387 
 
 4 
 
 8,064 
 
 5 
 
 260 
 
 1 
 
 2,343 
 
 3 
 
 1,238 
 
 4 
 
 35 
 
 
 
 3,876 
 
 2 
 
 100 
 NAp 
 
 1,524 
 
 4 
 
 6,577 
 
 10 
 
 3,439 
 
 10 
 
 1,426 
 
 5 
 
 12,966 
 
 8 
 
 3,830 
 
 11 
 
 12,337 
 
 18 
 
 7,375 
 
 22 
 
 4,684 
 
 15 
 
 28,226 
 
 17 
 
 7,141 
 
 21 
 
 13,951 
 
 20 
 
 5,852 
 
 17 
 
 7,505 
 
 24 
 
 34,448 
 
 21 
 
 6,413 
 
 19 
 
 9,500 
 
 14 
 
 3,835 
 
 11 
 
 5,713 
 
 18 
 
 25,461 
 
 15 
 
 5,751 
 
 17 
 
 6,994 
 
 10 
 
 2,466 
 
 7 
 
 2,945 
 
 9 
 
 18,156 
 
 11 
 
 2,740 
 
 8 
 
 3,955 
 
 6 
 
 1,361 
 
 4 
 
 1,723 
 
 6 
 
 9,779 
 
 6 
 
 1,740 
 
 5 
 
 3,037 
 
 4 
 
 912 
 
 3 
 
 884 
 
 3 
 
 6,573 
 
 4 
 
 1,883 
 
 6 
 
 4,269 
 
 6 
 
 1,114 
 
 3 
 
 1,424 
 
 5 
 
 8,691 
 
 5 
 
 3,032 
 
 9 
 
 7,727 
 
 11 
 
 7,558 
 
 22 
 
 4,774 
 
 15 
 
 23,091 
 
 14 
 
 34,054 
 
 100 
 
 68,347 
 
 100 
 
 33,912 
 
 100 
 
 31 ,078 
 
 100 
 
 167,391 
 
 100 
 
 12 
 
 NAp 
 
 9 
 
 NAp 
 
 8 
 
 NAp 
 
 10 
 
 NAp 
 
 10 
 
 NAp 
 
 may not add to totals shown. 
 
18 
 
 TABLE E-6.— Metal and nonmetal mining 1986 workforce estimates: 1 training received, by type of ore mined 
 
 Job training for last Mf^ Stone 
 
 2 vr ' n Mean Workers pet Mean Workers pet 
 
 1,667 5 5,175 8 
 
 1-8 7 1,227 4 7 5,879 9 
 
 9-15 12 1,132 3 11 3,230 5 
 
 16 16 5,046 15 16 11,632 17 
 
 17-40 26 11,535 34 29 9,985 15 
 
 41-80 60 2,691 8 64 5,554 8 
 
 81-160 107 924 3 118 3,522 5 
 
 161 + 228 2,035 6 390 2,488 4 
 
 Unspecified NAp 7,798 23 NAp 20,883 31 
 
 Total 43 34,054 100 48 68,347 100 
 
 NAp Not applicable. 
 
 'Excluding job title category of office workers. 
 
 NOTE.— Owing to independent rounding, data may not add to totals shown. 
 
 Sand and gravel 
 
 Nonmetal 
 
 Total 
 
 Mean Workers pet Mean Workers pet Mean Workers pet 
 
 
 
 7 
 
 11 
 
 16 
 
 31 
 
 67 
 
 120 
 
 367 
 
 NAp 
 
 6,132 
 
 2,509 
 
 902 
 
 4,238 
 
 3,759 
 
 2,786 
 
 947 
 
 733 
 
 11,905 
 
 18 
 7 
 3 
 
 12 
 
 11 
 8 
 3 
 2 
 
 35 
 
 
 
 7 
 
 12 
 
 16 
 
 28 
 
 61 
 
 111 
 
 371 
 
 NAp 
 
 2,178 
 1.363 
 
 381 
 7,132 
 5.685 
 3,609 
 1,265 
 
 931 
 8,532 
 
 7 
 
 4 
 
 1 
 
 23 
 
 18 
 
 12 
 
 4 
 
 3 
 
 27 
 
 
 
 7 
 
 12 
 
 16 
 
 28 
 
 63 
 
 116 
 
 331 
 
 NAp 
 
 15,152 
 
 10,979 
 
 5,644 
 
 28,048 
 
 30,965 
 
 14,639 
 
 6,658 
 
 6,188 
 
 49,118 
 
 35 33,912 100 44 31,078 100 
 
 9 
 
 7 
 
 3 
 
 17 
 
 18 
 
 9 
 
 4 
 
 4 
 
 29 
 
 44 167,391 100 
 
 TABLE E-7.— Metal and nonmetal mining 1986 workforce estimates: 1 age distribution, by type of ore mined 
 
 Metal Stone 
 Age, yr 
 
 Mean Workers pet Mean Workers pet 
 
 15-20 20 317 1 19 1,220 2 
 
 21-23 22 711 2 22 3,214 5 
 
 24-26 25 1,433 4 25 4,992 7 
 
 27-29 28 2,511 7 28 6,005 9 
 
 30-34 32 5,564 16 32 9,988 15 
 
 35-39 37 6,171 18 37 9,458 14 
 
 40-49 44 9,559 28 44 15,250 22 
 
 50+ 55 7,482 22 56 16,466 24 
 
 Unspecified NAp 308 1 NAp 1,754 3 
 
 Total 41 34,054 100 40 68.347 100 
 
 NAp Not applicable. 
 
 1 Excluding job title category of office workers. 
 
 NOTE.— Owing to independent rounding, data may not add to totals shown. 
 
 Sand and gravel 
 
 
 
 Nonmetal 
 
 
 
 Total 
 
 
 Mean 
 
 Workers 
 
 pet 
 
 Mean 
 
 Workers 
 
 pet 
 
 Mean 
 
 Workers 
 
 pet 
 
 19 
 
 722 
 
 2 
 
 20 
 
 353 
 
 1 
 
 19 
 
 2,612 
 
 2 
 
 22 
 
 1,745 
 
 5 
 
 22 
 
 1,162 
 
 4 
 
 22 
 
 6,831 
 
 4 
 
 25 
 
 2,881 
 
 8 
 
 25 
 
 2,400 
 
 8 
 
 25 
 
 11,705 
 
 7 
 
 28 
 
 2.920 
 
 9 
 
 28 
 
 3,137 
 
 10 
 
 28 
 
 14,572 
 
 9 
 
 32 
 
 4,514 
 
 13 
 
 32 
 
 5,424 
 
 17 
 
 32 
 
 25.490 
 
 15 
 
 37 
 
 4,323 
 
 13 
 
 37 
 
 4,881 
 
 16 
 
 37 
 
 24,833 
 
 15 
 
 44 
 
 6,583 
 
 19 
 
 44 
 
 6,926 
 
 22 
 
 44 
 
 38,318 
 
 23 
 
 57 
 
 7,821 
 
 23 
 
 56 
 
 6,632 
 
 21 
 
 56 
 
 38,402 
 
 23 
 
 NAp 
 
 2,404 
 
 7 
 
 NAp 
 
 162 
 
 1 
 
 NAp 
 
 4,627 
 
 3 
 
 39 
 
 33,912 100 
 
 39 31,078 100 
 
 40 167,391 100 
 
TABLE E-8.— Metal and nonmetal mining 1986 workforce estimates: 1 sex, race, and education, by type of ore mined 
 
 19 
 
 Metal Stone 
 
 Workers pet Workers pet 
 
 Sex: 
 
 Male 32,735 96 66,326 97 
 
 Female 1,182 3 1,490 2 
 
 Unspecified 136 531 1 
 
 Total 34,054 100 68,347 100 
 
 Race: 
 
 White 28,798 85 56.171 82 
 
 Black 793 2 5,119 7 
 
 Hispanic 3,469 10 5,353 8 
 
 Other 671 2 1,101 2 
 
 Unspecified 324 1 603 1 
 
 Total 34,054 100 68,347 100 
 
 Education level: 
 
 Some elementary.... 1,682 5 6,349 9 
 
 Some high school ... 3,650 11 13,068 19 
 
 High school diploma 15,733 46 31,371 46 
 
 Vocational diploma.. 3,243 10 4,520 7 
 
 Some college 5,425 16 5,120 7 
 
 College degree 3,079 9 2,549 4 
 
 Unspecified 1,242 4 5,370 8 
 
 Total 34,054 100 68,347 100 
 
 1 Excluding job title category of office workers. 
 
 NOTE. — Owing to independent rounding, data may not add to totals shown. 
 
 Sand and gravel 
 
 Nonmetal 
 
 Total 
 
 Workers 
 
 pet 
 
 Workers 
 
 pet 
 
 Workers 
 
 pet 
 
 32,949 
 
 97 
 
 29,873 
 
 96 
 
 161.883 
 
 97 
 
 790 
 
 2 
 
 1,061 
 
 3 
 
 4.523 
 
 3 
 
 174 
 
 1 
 
 143 
 
 
 
 984 
 
 1 
 
 33,912 
 
 100 
 
 31 ,078 
 
 100 
 
 33,912 
 
 100 
 
 31,078 
 
 100 
 
 33,912 
 
 100 
 
 31,078 
 
 100 
 
 167,391 
 
 167,391 
 
 167,391 
 
 100 
 
 28,644 
 
 84 
 
 23,327 
 
 75 
 
 136,940 
 
 82 
 
 1,742 
 
 5 
 
 4,758 
 
 15 
 
 12,413 
 
 7 
 
 2,448 
 
 7 
 
 2,439 
 
 8 
 
 13,708 
 
 8 
 
 456 
 
 1 
 
 399 
 
 1 
 
 2,626 
 
 2 
 
 622 
 
 2 
 
 154 
 
 
 
 1,703 
 
 1 
 
 100 
 
 2,812 
 
 8 
 
 2,168 
 
 7 
 
 13,012 
 
 8 
 
 6,030 
 
 18 
 
 5,155 
 
 17 
 
 27,904 
 
 17 
 
 15,792 
 
 47 
 
 14,652 
 
 47 
 
 77,548 
 
 46 
 
 2,171 
 
 6 
 
 2,563 
 
 8 
 
 12,498 
 
 7 
 
 2,212 
 
 7 
 
 2,497 
 
 8 
 
 15,254 
 
 9 
 
 879 
 
 3 
 
 1,596 
 
 5 
 
 8,103 
 
 5 
 
 4,015 
 
 12 
 
 2,445 
 
 8 
 
 13,072 
 
 8 
 
 100 
 
 TABLE E-9.— Metal and nonmetal mining 1986 workforce estimates: job title, by employment size class 1 
 
 1-19 20-49 50-99 100-249 250-499 
 
 Job title grouping 2 
 
 Workers pet Workers pet Workers pet Workers pet Workers pet 
 
 Backhoe-crane-dragline-shovel operator 1,806 4 1,022 3 564 3 667 2 399 3 
 
 Beltman-belt repairman 138 181 1 54 160 100 1 
 
 Blaster 132 157 27 117 93 1 
 
 Deckhand-barge and dredge operator 609 1 237 1 35 213 1 10 
 
 Dozer-heavy and mobile equipment operator. 1,876 4 842 3 479 3 1,070 3 461 3 
 
 Driller-rock bolter 1,128 2 823 3 312 2 734 2 289 2 
 
 Electrician-lampman 99 187 1 313 2 1,352 3 537 4 
 
 Front-end loader-forklift operator 8,255 17 2,744 9 1,052 6 1,398 3 339 2 
 
 Grader-scraper operator 427 1 335 1 277 1 187 28 
 
 Laborer-miner-utility man 4,205 9 3,183 10 2,284 12 5,490 14 1,727 12 
 
 Manager-foreman-supervisor: 
 
 General 5,135 10 2,358 7 1,071 6 1,836 5 477 3 
 
 Maintenance 83 235 1 189 1 672 2 371 3 
 
 Working 383 1 853 3 960 5 1,856 5 739 5 
 
 Mechanic-welder-oiler-machinist 3,303 7 4,503 14 3,578 19 7,665 19 3,391 23 
 
 Mine technical support 1,933 4 1,725 5 1,371 7 4,006 10 1,336 9 
 
 Office worker 3,994 8 2,094 7 1,326 7 2,757 7 941 6 
 
 Plant operator-warehouseman 5,658 11 4,602 14 3,253 17 7,480 19 2,621 18 
 
 Shuttle car-tram operator 71 69 152 1 440 1 108 1 
 
 Stonecutter-finisher 268 1 364 1 248 1 
 
 Truck driver 9,806 20 5,575 17 1,753 9 1,974 5 864 6 
 
 Total 49,307 100 32,088 100 19,050 100 40,322 100 14,829 100 
 
 1 MSHA size groups are based on the annual average employment of the primary subunit and not on the total employment; 
 statistics by size groups should not be analyzed against these data. 
 2 As defined by MSHA; see appendix A for detailed explanation of job title grouping. 
 
 NOTE. — Owing to independent rounding, data may not add to totals shown. 
 
 500 + 
 
 Total 
 
 Workers pet Workers pet 
 
 478 
 
 167 
 
 80 
 
 
 
 560 
 
 415 
 
 1,291 
 
 155 
 
 70 
 
 3,131 
 
 842 
 
 272 
 1,352 
 6,104 
 2,668 
 1,327 
 3,697 
 
 767 
 
 
 858 
 
 2 
 1 
 
 
 2 
 2 
 5 
 1 
 
 13 
 
 3 
 
 1 
 
 6 
 
 25 
 
 11 
 
 5 
 
 15 
 
 3 
 
 
 
 4 
 
 4,937 
 800 
 605 
 1,103 
 5,288 
 3,700 
 3,780 
 
 13,942 
 1,323 
 
 20,019 
 
 11,719 
 
 1,821 
 
 6,143 
 
 28,543 
 
 13,038 
 
 12,440 
 
 27,312 
 
 1,607 
 
 879 
 
 20,830 
 
 3 
 
 
 1 
 3 
 2 
 2 
 8 
 1 
 11 
 
 7 
 1 
 3 
 
 16 
 7 
 7 
 
 15 
 1 
 
 
 12 
 
 24,233 100 179,831 100 
 
 hence, MSHA published injury 
 
20 
 
 TABLE E- 10. —Metal and nonmetal mining 1986 workforce estimates:' principal equipment operated, by employment size ciass- 
 
 1-19 20-49 50-99 100-249 250-499 
 
 Equipment operated grouping 3 
 
 Workers pet Workers pet Workers pet Workers pet Workers pet 
 
 Backhoe-crane-dragline-shovel 1,876 4 1,067 4 574 3 723 2 354 3 
 
 Belt 159 208 1 68 212 1 121 1 
 
 Dozer-heavy and mobile equipment 1,622 4 916 3 474 3 817 2 428 3 
 
 Drill (underground)-rock bolter 285 1 222 1 86 393 1 136 1 
 
 Drill (surface) 978 2 695 2 238 1 456 1 165 1 
 
 Explosives 138 157 1 29 105 79 1 
 
 Front-end loader-forklift 9,248 20 3,209 11 1.351 8 2,271 6 684 5 
 
 Grader-scraper 497 1 377 1 291 2 266 1 28 
 
 Handtools (powered and nonpowered) 2,864 6 3,783 13 3,129 18 8,104 22 3,440 25 
 
 Hoist-elevator 60 5 106 1 198 1 28 
 
 Many equipment 877 2 278 1 341 2 229 1 48 
 
 Miscellaneous utility equipment 2,194 5 1,981 7 1,198 7 3,544 9 970 7 
 
 Plant equipment 6,764 15 4,212 14 2,574 15 5,295 14 2,056 15 
 
 Pump 218 139 103 1 176 48 
 
 Scale-lab equipment-controls 1,233 3 1,125 4 851 5 2,473 7 590 4 
 
 Shuttle car-locomotive 60 99 121 1 523 1 129 1 
 
 Stone cutting-finishing machine 306 1 330 1 248 1 
 
 Truck (haulage) 10,100 22 5,661 19 1,789 10 2,074 6 947 7 
 
 Truck (utility)-personnel carrier 325 1 241 1 126 1 635 2 591 4 
 
 Welding machine-lathe 787 2 965 3 857 5 1,422 4 584 4 
 
 None 4,579 10 3,928 13 3,174 18 6,750 18 2,266 16 
 
 Not elsewhere classified 75 117 135 1 132 70 1 
 
 Unspecified 70 280 1 108 1 520 1 126 1 
 
 Total 45,314 100 29,994 100 17,724 100 37,565 100 13,888 100 
 
 1 Excluding job title category of office workers. 
 
 2 MSHA size groups are based on the annual average employment of the primary subunit and not on the total employment; 
 statistics by size groups should not be analyzed against these data. 
 3 See appendix B for detailed explanation of equipment operated grouping. 
 
 NOTE. — Owing to independent rounding, data may not add to totals shown. 
 
 500 + 
 
 Total 
 
 Workers 
 
 pet 
 
 Workers 
 
 pet 
 
 493 
 
 2 
 
 5,088 
 
 3 
 
 167 
 
 1 
 
 936 
 
 1 
 
 586 
 
 3 
 
 4,843 
 
 3 
 
 465 
 
 2 
 
 1,586 
 
 1 
 
 58 
 
 
 
 2,591 
 
 2 
 
 80 
 
 
 
 588 
 
 
 
 332 
 
 1 
 
 17,096 
 
 10 
 
 70 
 
 
 
 1,529 
 
 1 
 
 6,291 
 
 27 
 
 27,609 
 
 16 
 
 63 
 
 
 
 460 
 
 
 
 644 
 
 3 
 
 2,417 
 
 1 
 
 1,555 
 
 7 
 
 11,442 
 
 7 
 
 2,589 
 
 11 
 
 23,489 
 
 14 
 
 75 
 
 
 
 758 
 
 
 
 1,307 
 
 6 
 
 7,579 
 
 5 
 
 839 
 
 4 
 
 1,772 
 
 1 
 
 
 
 
 
 883 
 
 1 
 
 917 
 
 4 
 
 21,488 
 
 13 
 
 967 
 
 4 
 
 2,885 
 
 2 
 
 1,171 
 
 5 
 
 5,787 
 
 3 
 
 3,888 
 
 17 
 
 24,584 
 
 15 
 
 160 
 
 1 
 
 689 
 
 
 
 188 
 
 1 
 
 1,292 
 
 1 
 
 22,906 100 167,391 100 
 
 hence, MSHA published injury 
 
 TABLE E-11.— Metal and nonmetal mining 1986 workforce estimates: work location at mine, by employment size class 1 
 
 1-19 20-49 50-99 100 -249 250- 499 50 0+ Total 
 
 Work location 
 
 Workers pet Workers pet Workers pet Workers pet Workers pet Workers pet Workers pet 
 
 Underground mine 895 2 512 2 967 5 3,243 8 1,062 7 3,038 13 9,717 5 
 
 Surface at underground mine 503 1 278 1 273 1 1,017 3 536 4 1,589 7 4,197 2 
 
 Surface mine 34,082 69 18,199 57 8.115 43 11,746 29 5,599 38 6,832 28 84,572 47 
 
 Plant or mill 8,298 17 9.824 31 7,780 41 20,338 50 6.254 42 10,838 45 63,332 35 
 
 Office 5,529 11 3,275 10 1,915 10 3.979 10 1,379 9 1,935 8 18,012 10 
 
 Total 49,307 100 32,088 100 19,050 100 40,322 100 14,829 100 24,233 100 179.831 100 
 
 1 MSHA size groups are based on the annual average employment of the primary subunit and not on the total employment; hence, MSHA published injury 
 statistics by size groups should not be analyzed against these data. 
 
 NOTE. — Owing to independent rounding, data may not add to totals shown. 
 
TABLE E-12.— Metal and nonmetal mining 1986 workforce estimates: 1 
 experience at job, company, and mining, by employment size class 2 
 
 21 
 
 1-19 20-49 50-99 100-2 49 250-499 500+ Total 
 
 Experience, yr 
 
 Workers pet Workers pet Workers pet Workers pet Workers pet Workers pet Workers pet 
 
 At present job: 
 
 0<tos1 9,567 21 6,089 20 3,695 21 7,032 19 1,999 14 2,824 12 31,206 19 
 
 1<tO£2 5,498 12 3,443 11 2,483 14 4,558 12 1,337 10 2,204 10 19,523 12 
 
 2< to S3 4,554 10 2,235 7 1,652 9 3,462 9 1,050 8 1,353 6 14,305 9 
 
 3< to <5 5,595 12 3,125 10 1,949 11 5,208 14 1,479 11 2,027 9 19,383 12 
 
 5<tos10 7,778 17 5,544 18 3,810 21 8,775 23 4,108 30 6,473 28 36,488 22 
 
 10< to £20 6,686 15 4,231 14 2,060 12 5,012 13 2,137 15 6,205 27 26,332 16 
 
 20< 2,791 6 1,940 6 847 5 1,015 3 630 5 1,720 8 8,943 5 
 
 Unspecified 2,844 6 3,388 11 1,228 7 2,503 7 1,147 8 100 11,210 7 
 
 Total 45,314 100 29,994 100 17,724 100 37,565 100 13,888 100 22,906 100 167,391 100 
 
 Median yr.... 4 NAp 4 NAp 4 NAp 4 NAp 6 NAp 7 NAp 5 NAp 
 
 At present company: 
 
 0< to <1 8,053 18 5,176 17 2,316 13 3,482 9 670 5 1,549 7 21,245 13 
 
 1< to <5 15,239 34 8,068 27 5,079 29 7,387 20 2,576 19 1,369 6 39,718 24 
 
 5<tO<10 8,564 19 5,947 20 4,246 24 9,683 26 3,586 26 5,302 23 37,328 22 
 
 10< to <15 5,160 11 3,717 12 2,181 12 5,843 16 2,204 16 5,773 25 24,878 15 
 
 15< to <20 2,853 6 2,715 9 1,433 8 4,402 12 1,746 13 3,977 17 17,124 10 
 
 20< to <25 1,410 3 1,420 5 833 5 1,993 5 1,359 10 1,995 9 9,011 5 
 
 25< to <30 994 2 1,124 4 504 3 1,604 4 682 5 1,238 5 6,147 4 
 
 30< 1,228 3 1,145 4 902 5 2,163 6 1,021 7 1,603 7 8,064 5 
 
 Unspecified 1,813 4 681 2 230 1 1,007 3 44 100 3,876 2 
 
 Total 45,314 100 29,994 100 17,724 100 37,565 100 13,888 100 22,906 100 167,391 100 
 
 Median yr.... 5 NAp 7 NAp 7 NAp 9 NAp 11 NAp 13 NAp 8 NAp 
 
 Total mining: 
 
 0<tos1 5,181 11 3,535 12 1,438 8 2,210 6 371 3 231 1 12,966 8 
 
 1< to <5 10,949 24 5,584 19 3,389 19 5,626 15 1,501 11 1,177 5 28,226 17 
 
 5<tO<10 8,292 18 5,130 17 4,216 24 9,197 24 2,994 22 4,619 20 34,448 21 
 
 10< to <15 5,526 12 3,598 12 2,305 13 5,987 16 2,120 15 5,925 26 25,461 15 
 
 15< to £20 3,449 8 2,539 8 1,495 8 4,687 12 1,634 12 4,350 19 18,156 11 
 
 20< to £25 1,902 4 1,219 4 1,009 6 2,302 6 1,173 8 2,174 9 9,779 6 
 
 25< to <30 1,274 3 1,211 4 565 3 1,553 4 710 5 1,260 5 6,573 4 
 
 30< 1,738 4 1,167 4 860 5 2,230 6 1,021 7 1,675 7 8,691 5 
 
 Unspecified 7,004 15 6,011 20 2,446 14 3,773 10 2,363 17 1,495 7 23,091 14 
 
 Total 45,314 100 29,994 100 17,724 100 37,565 100 13,888 100 22,906 100 167,391 100 
 
 Median yr.... 7 NAp 8 NAp 8 NAp 10 NAp 12 NAp 14 NAp 10 NAp 
 
 NAp Not applicable. 
 
 Excluding job title category of office workers. 
 
 2 MSHA size groups are based on the annual average employment of the primary subunit and not on the total employment; hence, MSHA published injury 
 
 statistics by size groups should not be analyzed against these data. 
 
 NOTE. — Owing to independent rounding, data may not add to totals shown. 
 
99 
 
 TABLE E-13.— Metal and nonmetal mining 1986 workforce estimates: 1 training received, by employment size class 2 
 
 Workers pet 
 
 Job training for last 1-19 20-49 50-99 100-249 250-499 500+ Total 
 
 2 V" n Workers pet Workers pet Workers pet Workers pet Workers pet Workers pet 
 
 6,900 15 2,451 8 1,736 10 2,455 7 152 1 1,459 6 15,152 
 
 1-8 3,612 8 1,967 7 1,346 8 2,266 6 1,072 8 715 3 10,979 
 
 9-15 1,553 3 465 2 519 3 1,926 5 301 2 881 4 5,644 
 
 16 5,628 12 5,745 19 3,402 19 7,698 20 2,054 15 3,521 15 28,048 
 
 17-40 5,886 13 4,896 16 3,317 19 6,796 18 2,824 20 7,246 32 30,965 
 
 41-80 4,127 9 2,721 9 1,668 9 3,329 9 1,785 13 1,010 4 14,639 
 
 81-160 2,040 5 846 3 411 2 2,212 6 871 6 277 1 6,658 
 
 161+ 1,352 3 623 2 452 3 1,585 4 464 3 1,711 7 6,188 
 
 Unspecified 14,216 31 10,280 34 4,872 27 9,299 25 4,365 31 6,086 27 49,118 
 
 Total 45,314 100 29,994 100 17,724 100 37,565 100 13,888 100 22,906 100 167,391 100 
 
 Mean job training h.... 42 NAp 39 NAp 43 NAp 48 NAp 51 NAp 45 NAp 44 NAp 
 
 NAp Not applicable. 
 
 'Excluding job title category of office workers. 
 
 2 MSHA size groups are based on the annual average employment of the primary subunit and not on the total employment; hence, MSHA published injury 
 statistics by size groups should not be analyzed against these data. 
 
 NOTE. — Owing to independent rounding, data may not add to totals shown. 
 
 9 
 
 7 
 
 3 
 
 17 
 
 18 
 
 9 
 
 4 
 
 4 
 
 29 
 
 TABLE E-14. — Metal and nonmetal mining 1986 workforce estimates: 1 age distribution, by employment size class 2 
 
 1-19 20-49 50-99 100-249 250-499 500 
 Age, yr 
 
 Workers pet Workers pet Workers pet Workers pet Workers pet 
 
 15-20 1,069 2 562 2 345 2 426 1 60 
 
 21-23 2,686 6 1,551 5 949 5 1.218 3 246 2 
 
 24-26 4,183 9 2,367 8 1,352 8 2,449 7 663 5 
 
 27-29 4,115 9 2,620 9 1,720 10 3,401 9 1,343 10 
 
 30-34 6,379 14 4,409 15 2,899 16 5,949 16 2,416 17 
 
 35-39 5,485 12 3.673 12 2,552 14 6,020 16 2,394 17 
 
 40-49 8,724 19 6,276 21 3,829 22 9,143 24 3,424 25 
 
 50+ 10,304 23 7,095 24 3,787 21 8,448 22 3,326 24 
 
 Unspecified 2,368 5 1,442 5 291 2 511 1 15 
 
 Total 45.314 100 29,994 100 17,724 100 37,565 100 13,888 100 22,906 
 
 Mean age yr... 39 NAp - 40 NAp 39 NAp 40 NAp 41 NAp 42 
 
 NAp Not applicable. 
 
 'Excluding job title category of office workers. 
 
 2 MSHA size groups are based on the annual average employment of the primary subunit and not on the total employment; hence 
 statistics by size groups should not be analyzed against these data. 
 
 NOTE.— Owing to independent rounding, data may not add to totals shown. 
 
 Total 
 
 Workers 
 
 pet 
 
 Workers 
 
 pet 
 
 150 
 
 1 
 
 2,612 
 
 2 
 
 181 
 
 1 
 
 6,831 
 
 4 
 
 690 
 
 3 
 
 11,705 
 
 7 
 
 1,373 
 
 6 
 
 14,572 
 
 9 
 
 3,438 
 
 15 
 
 25,490 
 
 15 
 
 4,709 
 
 21 
 
 24,833 
 
 15 
 
 6.922 
 
 30 
 
 38,318 
 
 23 
 
 5,442 
 
 24 
 
 38,402 
 
 23 
 
 
 
 
 
 4,627 
 
 3 
 
 100 167,391 100 
 NAp 40 NAp 
 
 MSHA published injury 
 
TABLE E-15.— Metal and nonmetal mining 1986 workforce estimates: 1 sex, race, and education, by employment size class 2 
 
 1-19 20-49 50-99 100-249 250-499 500+ Total 
 
 Workers pet Workers pet Workers pet Workers pet Workers pet Workers pet Workers pet 
 
 Sex: 
 
 Male 43,793 97 29,150 97 17,163 97 36,131 96 13,439 97 22,206 97 161,883 97 
 
 Female 1,047 2 590 2 475 3 1,320 4 416 3 675 3 4,523 3 
 
 Unspecified 474 1 254 1 86 113 32 25 984 1 
 
 Total 45,314 100 29,994 100 17,724 100 37,565 100 13,888 100 22,906 100 167,391 100 
 
 Race: 
 
 White 39,480 87 24,240 81 13,991 79 29,594 79 10,692 77 18,944 83 136,940 82 
 
 Black 1,867 4 2,412 8 2,019 11 3,241 9 1,794 13 1,080 5 12,413 7 
 
 Hispanic 2,665 6 2,312 8 1,270 7 3,862 10 1,052 8 2,547 11 13.708 8 
 
 Other 857 2 331 1 281 2 636 2 274 2 247 1 2,626 2 
 
 Unspecified 444 1 699 2 164 1 231 1 77 1 88 1,703 1 
 
 Total 45,314 100 29,994 100 17,724 100 37,565 100 13,888 100 22,906 100 167,391 100 
 
 Education level: 
 
 Some elementary 4,028 9 3,014 10 1,659 9 2,516 7 668 5 1,126 5 13,012 8 
 
 Some high school 8,912 20 5,670 19 3,027 17 5,355 14 2,255 16 2,685 12 27,904 17 
 
 High school diploma 22,031 49 12,964 43 7,329 41 17,570 47 6,561 47 11,092 48 77,548 46 
 
 Vocational diploma 2,990 7 1,631 5 1,524 9 3,259 9 1,368 10 1,725 8 12,498 7 
 
 Some college 2,768 6 1,819 6 1,439 8 4,176 11 1,876 14 3,176 14 15,254 9 
 
 College degree 1,311 3 959 3 911 5 2,449 7 1,077 8 1,397 6 8,103 5 
 
 Unspecified 3,273 7 3,936 13 1,835 10 2,240 6 83 1 1,705 7 13,072 8 
 
 Total 45,314 100 29,994 100 17,724 100 37,565 100 13,888 100 22,906 100 167,391 100 
 
 Excluding job title category of office workers. 
 
 2 MSHA size groups are based on the annual average employment of the primary subunit and not on the total employment; hence, MSHA published injury 
 statistics by size groups should not be analyzed against these data. 
 
 NOTE.— Owing to independent rounding, data may not add to totals shown. 
 
24 
 
 TABLE E-16. — Metal and nonmetal mining 1986 workforce estimates: 
 job title, by principal equipment operated, 1 number of workers 
 
 Job title grouping 2 
 
 Backhoe 
 crane 
 
 dragline 
 shovel 
 
 Belt 
 
 Dozer 
 heavy and 
 
 mobile 
 equipment 
 
 Drill 
 
 (underground) 
 
 rock 
 
 bolter 
 
 Drill 
 (surface) 
 
 Explosives 
 
 Front-end 
 loader 
 forklift 
 
 Handtools 
 Grader (powered 
 scraper and 
 
 nonpowered) 
 
 Backhoe-crane-dragline-shovel operator 4,667 60 42 40 
 
 Beltman-belt repairman 767 3 3 
 
 Blaster 00 559 00 
 
 Deckhand-barge and dredge operator 37 00 7026 
 
 Dozer-heavy and mobile equipment 
 
 operator 93 4,217 8 495 143 
 
 Driller-rock bolter 7 1,216 2,363 17 8 22 
 
 Electrician-lampman 00 000 00 3,780 
 
 Front-end loader-forklift operator 50 13,851 
 
 Grader-scraper operator 1,323 
 
 Laborer-miner-utility man 39 48 208 320 164 6 1,088 37 765 
 
 Manager-foreman-supervisor: 
 
 General 115 11 120 6 422 17 9 
 
 Maintenance 30 000 00 4 
 
 Working 9 65 3 7 6 159 6 81 
 
 Mechanic-welder-oiler-machinist 75 14 22,570 
 
 Mine technical support 30 6 18 11 194 
 
 Office worker 00 000 00 
 
 Plant operator-warehouseman 46 103 115 25 20 984 115 
 
 Shuttle car-tram operator 00 000 00 
 
 Stonecutter-finisher 00 13 00 60 
 
 Truck driver 00 000 21 2 
 
 Total 5,088 936 4.843 1.586 2.591 588 
 
 17.096 1.529 27,609 
 
 Hoist 
 elevator 
 
 Many 
 equipment 
 
 Misc. 
 utility 
 equipment 
 
 Plant 
 equipment 
 
 Pump 
 
 Scale „. . Stone 
 
 lab & ™" ,e cutting Truck 
 
 equipment , J,,^ finishing haulage 
 
 controls machine 
 
 Backhoe-crane-dragline-shovel operator 
 
 Beltman-belt repairman 
 
 Blaster 
 
 Deckhand-barge and dredge operator ... 
 Dozer-heavy and mobile equipment 
 
 operator 
 
 Driller-rock bolter 
 
 Electrician-lampman 
 
 Front-end loader-forklift operator 
 
 Grader-scraper operator 
 
 Laborer-miner-utility man 
 
 Manager-foreman-supervisor: 
 
 General 
 
 Maintenance 
 
 Working 
 
 Mechanic-welder-oiler-machinist 
 
 Mine technical support 
 
 Office worker 
 
 Plant operator-warehouseman 
 
 Shuttle car-tram operator 
 
 Stone cutter-finisher 
 
 Truck driver 
 
 Total 
 
 See explanatory notes at end of table. 
 
 
 
 7 
 
 41 
 
 21 
 
 
 
 
 
 20 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 20 
 
 7 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 75 
 
 871 
 
 5 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 38 
 
 16 
 
 
 
 21 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 256 
 
 8 
 
 5 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 25 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 16 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 47 
 
 1,851 
 
 1 1 ,326 
 
 783 
 
 430 
 
 29 
 
 312 
 
 51 
 
 248 
 
 
 
 433 
 
 
 
 421 
 
 27 
 
 82 
 
 
 
 
 
 91 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 46 
 
 
 
 213 
 
 
 
 25 
 
 7 
 
 6 
 
 22 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 61 
 
 
 
 2 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 277 
 
 6 
 
 
 
 52 
 
 23 
 
 6.788 
 
 25 
 
 
 
 17 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 73 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 25 
 
 20 
 
 
 
 20.903 
 
 267 
 
 653 
 
 135 
 
 7 
 
 30 
 
 66 
 
 
 
 
 
 123 
 
 
 
 
 
 1.274 
 
 
 
 7 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 819 
 
 
 
 
 
 7 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 20.801 
 
 460 
 
 2.417 
 
 11.442 
 
 23.489 
 
 758 
 
 7.652 
 
 1.772 
 
 883 
 
 21.488 
 
TABLE E-16.— Metal and nonmetal mining 1986 workforce estimates: 
 job title, by principal equipment operated, 1 number of workers— Con. 
 
 25 
 
 Truck .„ ... 
 
 / uiu \ Welding 
 
 Job title grouping 2 personnel m ^ ine 
 
 carrier 
 
 Backhoe-crane-dragline-shovel operator 
 
 Beltman-belt repairman 
 
 Blaster 
 
 Deckhand-barge and dredge operator 
 
 Dozer-heavy and mobile equipment operator 
 
 Driller-rock bolter 10 
 
 Electrician-lampman 
 
 Front-end loader-forklift operator 
 
 Grader-scraper operator 
 
 Laborer-miner-utility man 1,111 
 
 Manager-foreman-supervisor: 
 
 General 394 16 
 
 Maintenance 154 6 
 
 Working 497 14 
 
 Mechanic-welder-oiler-machinist 24 5,745 
 
 Mine technical support 474 
 
 Office worker 86 
 
 Plant operator-warehouseman 206 7 
 
 Shuttle car-tram operator 15 
 
 Stone cutter-finisher 
 
 Truck driver 
 
 Total 2,971 5,787 
 
 1 See appendix B for detailed explanation of equipment operated grouping. 
 
 2 As defined by MSHA; see appendix A for detailed explanation of job title grouping. 
 
 NOTE.— Owing to independent rounding, data may not add to totals shown. 
 
 
 Not 
 
 
 
 None 
 
 elsewhere 
 classified 
 
 Unspecified 
 
 Total 
 
 39 
 
 
 
 
 
 4,937 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 800 
 
 46 
 
 
 
 
 
 605 
 
 
 
 28 
 
 82 
 
 1,103 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 5,288 
 
 37 
 
 7 
 
 
 
 3,700 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 3,780 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 13,942 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 1,323 
 
 699 
 
 260 
 
 196 
 
 20,019 
 
 9,556 
 
 
 
 
 
 11,719 
 
 1,654 
 
 
 
 
 
 1,821 
 
 4,908 
 
 6 
 
 63 
 
 6,143 
 
 
 
 53 
 
 
 
 28,543 
 
 4,939 
 
 87 
 
 92 
 
 13,038 
 
 12,278 
 
 3 
 
 
 
 12,440 
 
 2,557 
 
 235 
 
 860 
 
 27,312 
 
 109 
 
 13 
 
 
 
 1,607 
 
 40 
 
 
 
 
 
 879 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 20,830 
 
 36,862 
 
 691 
 
 1,292 
 
 179,831 
 
 TABLE E-17.— Metal and nonmetal mining 1986 workforce estimates: job title, by work location at mine, number of workers 
 
 Surfscs at 
 Job title grouping 1 Underground underground 
 ^ mine 
 
 Backhoe-crane-dragline-shovel operator 10 41 
 
 Beltman-belt repairman 20 40 
 
 Blaster 170 
 
 Deckhand-barge and dredge operator 13 
 
 Dozer-heavy and mobile equipment operator. 37 168 
 
 Driller-rock bolter 1,269 39 
 
 Electrician-lampman 188 171 
 
 Front-end loader-forklift operator 226 127 
 
 Grader-scraper operator 46 7 
 
 Laborer-miner-utility man 2,734 498 
 
 Manager-foreman-supervisor: 
 
 General 616 182 
 
 Maintenance 179 95 
 
 Working 559 134 
 
 Mechanic-welder-oiler-machinist 1,551 1,473 
 
 Mine technical support 401 720 
 
 Office worker 
 
 Plant operator-warehouseman 279 287 
 
 Shuttle car-tram operator 1,062 14 
 
 Stonecutter-finisher 
 
 Truck driver 370 188 
 
 Total 9,717 4,197 
 
 n As defined by MSHA; see appendix A for detailed explanation of job title grouping. 
 
 NOTE.— Owing to independent rounding, data may not add to totals shown. 
 
 Surface 
 mine 
 
 Plant 
 or mill 
 
 Office 
 
 Total 
 
 4,440 
 
 447 
 
 
 
 4,937 
 
 322 
 
 417 
 
 
 
 800 
 
 428 
 
 7 
 
 
 
 605 
 
 999 
 
 92 
 
 
 
 1,103 
 
 4,607 
 
 476 
 
 
 
 5,288 
 
 2,351 
 
 42 
 
 
 
 3,700 
 
 1,130 
 
 2,291 
 
 
 
 3,780 
 
 11,067 
 
 2,523 
 
 
 
 13,942 
 
 1,236 
 
 35 
 
 
 
 1,323 
 
 9,853 
 
 6,934 
 
 
 
 20,019 
 
 6,824 
 
 3,338 
 
 758 
 
 11,719 
 
 564 
 
 937 
 
 45 
 
 1,821 
 
 2,130 
 
 3,244 
 
 76 
 
 6,143 
 
 13,229 
 
 12,290 
 
 
 
 28,543 
 
 2,681 
 
 5,101 
 
 4,134 
 
 13,038 
 
 
 
 
 
 12,440 
 
 12,440 
 
 3,548 
 
 22,639 
 
 559 
 
 27,312 
 
 269 
 
 262 
 
 
 
 1,607 
 
 329 
 
 550 
 
 
 
 879 
 
 18,565 
 
 1,707 
 
 
 
 20,830 
 
 84,572 
 
 63,332 
 
 18,012 
 
 179,831 
 
26 
 
 TABLE E-18.— Metal and nonmetal mining 1986 workforce estimates: job title, by years of experience at job 
 
 , u ..i 1 0< 1< 2< 3< 
 Job title group.ng 1 to <1 to <2 to s3 to <5 
 
 Backhoe-crane-dragline-shovel operator 723 557 444 481 
 
 Beltman-belt repairman 341 71 61 47 
 
 Blaster 86 129 67 62 
 
 Deckhand-barge and dredge operator 196 177 113 169 
 
 Dozer-heavy and mobile equipment operator. 861 605 428 552 
 
 Driller-rock bolter 688 488 276 522 
 
 Electrician-lampman 481 251 264 322 
 
 Front-end loader-forklift operator 2,259 1,681 1,437 1,801 
 
 Grader-scraper operator 256 129 121 191 
 
 Laborer-miner-utility man 6,256 2,666 1,875 2,076 
 
 Manager-foreman-supervisor: 
 
 General 1,122 981 858 1,275 
 
 Maintenance 224 128 194 233 
 
 Working 911 516 514 674 
 
 Mechanic-welder-oiler-machinist 3,962 2,949 2,123 2,966 
 
 Mine technical support 2,527 1,655 1,276 1,672 
 
 Office worker 1,969 1,508 1,253 1,404 
 
 Plant operator-warehouseman 5,722 3,485 2,245 3,645 
 
 Shuttle car-tram operator 269 241 112 247 
 
 Stonecutter-finisher 156 45 38 123 
 
 Truck driver 4,168 2,771 1,860 2,326 
 
 Total 33,176 21,032 15,558 20,787 
 
 1 As defined by MSHA; see appendix A for detailed explanation of job title grouping. 
 
 NOTE. — Owing to independent rounding, data may not add to totals shown. 
 
 5< 
 to <10 
 
 10< 
 to <20 
 
 20 < Unspecified 
 
 Total 
 
 Median, 
 
 y 
 
 1,134 
 
 877 
 
 433 
 
 287 
 
 4,937 
 
 6 
 
 141 
 
 79 
 
 30 
 
 30 
 
 800 
 
 2 
 
 157 
 
 81 
 
 10 
 
 13 
 
 605 
 
 4 
 
 244 
 
 105 
 
 41 
 
 58 
 
 1,103 
 
 4 
 
 1,168 
 
 847 
 
 333 
 
 494 
 
 5,288 
 
 5 
 
 808 
 
 573 
 
 103 
 
 243 
 
 3,700 
 
 5 
 
 1,160 
 
 1,035 
 
 196 
 
 72 
 
 3,780 
 
 8 
 
 2,644 
 
 2,259 
 
 939 
 
 922 
 
 13,942 
 
 5 
 
 319 
 
 217 
 
 21 
 
 71 
 
 1,323 
 
 5 
 
 3,479 
 
 2,083 
 
 489 
 
 1,095 
 
 20,019 
 
 3 
 
 2,592 
 
 2,565 
 
 1,467 
 
 859 
 
 11,719 
 
 8 
 
 573 
 
 310 
 
 36 
 
 124 
 
 1,821 
 
 6 
 
 1,722 
 
 1,178 
 
 328 
 
 298 
 
 6,143 
 
 6 
 
 7,509 
 
 5,661 
 
 1,780 
 
 1,594 
 
 28,543 
 
 6 
 
 3,037 
 
 1,635 
 
 601 
 
 636 
 
 13,038 
 
 4 
 
 2,710 
 
 1,901 
 
 826 
 
 869 
 
 12,440 
 
 5 
 
 5,550 
 
 3,774 
 
 1,008 
 
 1,883 
 
 27,312 
 
 4 
 
 518 
 
 161 
 
 53 
 
 5 
 
 1,607 
 
 5 
 
 146 
 
 110 
 
 72 
 
 189 
 
 879 
 
 5 
 
 3,588 
 
 2,779 
 
 1,003 
 
 2,336 
 
 20.830 
 
 4 
 
 39,198 28,233 9,769 
 
 12,079 
 
 179,831 
 
 TABLE E-19.— Metal and nonmetal mining 1986 workforce estimates: job title, by years of experience at company 
 
 ■ u ..i 1 0< 1< 5< 10< 
 Job trtle grouping^ to ^1 to <5 to <10 to <15 
 
 Backhoe-crane-dragline-shovel operator 481 1,148 1,007 731 
 
 Beltman-belt repairman 137 142 234 126 
 
 Blaster 50 165 158 101 
 
 Deckhand-barge and dredge operator 115 287 328 167 
 
 Dozer-heavy and mobile equipment 
 
 operator 566 1,301 1,039 934 
 
 Driller-rock bolter 555 973 918 564 
 
 Electrician-lampman 236 562 905 754 
 
 Front-end loader-forklift operator 1,707 3,983 2,922 1,760 
 
 Grader-scraper operator 236 346 275 253 
 
 Laborer-miner-utility man 4,567 4,954 4,570 2,613 
 
 Manager-foreman-supervisor: 
 
 General 545 2.168 2.327 1,968 
 
 Maintenance 87 369 464 229 
 
 Working 297 806 1,310 1,111 
 
 Mechanic-welder-oiler-machinist 2,890 5,550 6,690 4,883 
 
 Mine technical support 1,624 3,313 3.111 1,889 
 
 Office worker 1,616 3,179 3,075 1,919 
 
 Plant operator-warehouseman 3,013 6,626 6.553 4,138 
 
 Shuttle car-tram operator 293 169 562 262 
 
 Stonecutter-finisher 123 208 177 92 
 
 Truck driver 3,724 6,648 3,780 2,302 
 
 Total 22,861 42,897 40,403 26,797 
 
 1 As defined by MSHA; see appendix A for detailed explanation of job title grouping 
 
 NOTE. — Owing to independent rounding, data may not add to totals shown. 
 
 15< 
 to <20 
 
 20< 
 to <25 
 
 25< 
 to <30 
 
 30 < Unspecified Total 
 
 Median, 
 
 yr 
 
 561 
 
 378 
 
 242 
 
 349 
 
 40 
 
 4,937 
 
 10 
 
 86 
 
 11 
 
 27 
 
 28 
 
 10 
 
 800 
 
 7 
 
 38 
 
 63 
 
 17 
 
 14 
 
 
 
 605 
 
 8 
 
 52 
 
 40 
 
 14 
 
 19 
 
 83 
 
 1.103 
 
 7 
 
 539 
 
 348 
 
 118 
 
 225 
 
 218 
 
 5.288 
 
 9 
 
 398 
 
 94 
 
 67 
 
 61 
 
 70 
 
 3.700 
 
 7 
 
 620 
 
 308 
 
 164 
 
 184 
 
 48 
 
 3,780 
 
 11 
 
 1.319 
 
 640 
 
 507 
 
 651 
 
 454 
 
 13.942 
 
 7 
 
 110 
 
 35 
 
 42 
 
 27 
 
 
 
 1.323 
 
 7 
 
 1,226 
 
 663 
 
 458 
 
 467 
 
 500 
 
 20.019 
 
 6 
 
 1.495 
 
 970 
 
 731 
 
 1,184 
 
 331 
 
 11,719 
 
 12 
 
 227 
 
 211 
 
 125 
 
 69 
 
 41 
 
 1.821 
 
 10 
 
 914 
 
 604 
 
 363 
 
 661 
 
 77 
 
 6,143 
 
 13 
 
 3,641 
 
 1.631 
 
 1,175 
 
 1,473 
 
 610 
 
 28,543 
 
 10 
 
 1,189 
 
 676 
 
 466 
 
 611 
 
 160 
 
 13,038 
 
 7 
 
 877 
 
 577 
 
 394 
 
 450 
 
 353 
 
 12,440 
 
 7 
 
 2.774 
 
 1,443 
 
 930 
 
 1,361 
 
 475 
 
 27,312 
 
 8 
 
 130 
 
 84 
 
 49 
 
 57 
 
 
 
 1,607 
 
 8 
 
 13 
 
 39 
 
 96 
 
 68 
 
 63 
 
 879 
 
 7 
 
 1,793 
 
 773 
 
 558 
 
 555 
 
 697 
 
 20,830 
 
 5 
 
 18,001 9,587 6,541 8,514 
 
 4.229 
 
 179.831 
 
TABLE E-20.— Metal and nonmetal mining 1986 workforce estimates: job title, by years of mining experience 
 
 27 
 
 . ... , 0< 1< 5< 10< 15< 20< 
 Job title grouping 1 to<1 to <5 to <10 to <15 to ^20 to <25 
 
 Backhoe-crane-dragline-shovel operator 317 727 971 794 622 430 
 
 Beltman-belt repairman 82 90 255 123 119 7 
 
 Blaster 43 120 123 108 40 44 
 
 Deckhand-barge and dredge operator 77 224 324 186 68 24 
 
 Dozer-heavy and mobile equipment 
 
 operator 320 888 1,073 873 607 416 
 
 Driller-rock bolter 264 653 865 693 531 136 
 
 Electrician-lampman 136 458 883 760 617 292 
 
 Front-end loader-forklift operator 844 2,877 2,920 1,892 1,480 652 
 
 Grader-scraper operator 142 246 253 250 91 44 
 
 Laborer-miner-utility man 3,198 3,995 4,309 2,612 1,387 826 
 
 Manager-foreman-supervisor: 
 
 General 177 1,017 1,762 2,158 1,584 1,124 
 
 Maintenance 6 202 348 221 255 204 
 
 Working 87 364 1,028 1,112 992 634 
 
 Mechanic-welder-oiler-machinist 1,686 4,126 6,165 4,919 3,881 1,729 
 
 Mine technical support 1,067 2,344 2,856 1,944 1,192 709 
 
 Office worker 1,048 2,278 2,605 1,673 866 668 
 
 Plant operator-warehouseman 1,777 4,817 6,231 4,177 2,887 1,652 
 
 Shuttle car-tram operator 20 128 582 455 149 137 
 
 Stonecutter-finisher 105 122 72 89 7 39 
 
 Truck driver 2,619 4,827 3,428 2,096 1,648 680 
 
 Total 14,014 30,504 37,053 27,134 19,022 10,448 
 
 'As defined by MSHA; see appendix A for detailed explanation of job title grouping. 
 
 NOTE.— Owing to independent rounding, data may not add to totals shown. 
 
 25 < 
 to ^ 30 
 
 30 < Unspecified Total 
 
 Median, 
 
 289 
 
 404 
 
 383 
 
 4,937 
 
 12 
 
 27 
 
 22 
 
 74 
 
 800 
 
 10 
 
 17 
 
 14 
 
 96 
 
 605 
 
 8 
 
 32 
 
 13 
 
 156 
 
 1,103 
 
 8 
 
 156 
 
 241 
 
 713 
 
 5,288 
 
 11 
 
 118 
 
 76 
 
 366 
 
 3,700 
 
 10 
 
 136 
 
 238 
 
 261 
 
 3,780 
 
 12 
 
 502 
 
 797 
 
 1,979 
 
 13,942 
 
 9 
 
 42 
 
 27 
 
 229 
 
 1,323 
 
 8 
 
 480 
 
 556 
 
 2,655 
 
 20,019 
 
 7 
 
 840 
 
 1,371 
 
 1,686 
 
 11,719 
 
 15 
 
 171 
 
 86 
 
 328 
 
 1,821 
 
 15 
 
 355 
 
 630 
 
 941 
 
 6,143 
 
 16 
 
 1,202 
 
 1,490 
 
 3,346 
 
 28,543 
 
 11 
 
 522 
 
 731 
 
 1,674 
 
 13,038 
 
 9 
 
 408 
 
 552 
 
 2,342 
 
 12,440 
 
 9 
 
 1,005 
 
 1,358 
 
 3,409 
 
 27,312 
 
 10 
 
 61 
 
 54 
 
 21 
 
 1,607 
 
 11 
 
 26 
 
 20 
 
 399 
 
 879 
 
 6 
 
 593 
 
 565 
 
 4,374 
 
 20,830 
 
 7 
 
 6,981 9,242 25,433 
 
 179,831 
 
 10 
 
 TABLE E-21.— Metal and nonmetal mining 1986 workforce estimates: job title, by hours of training received in last 2 yr 
 
 Job title grouping 1 1-8 9-15 16 
 
 Backhoe-crane-dragline-shovel operator 455 289 144 818 
 
 Beltman-belt repairman 85 76 47 156 
 
 Blaster 68 24 6 146 
 
 Deckhand-barge and dredge operator 175 40 18 159 
 
 Dozer-heavy and mobile equipment 
 
 operator 519 321 157 1,063 
 
 Driller-rock bolter 374 143 73 866 
 
 Electrician-lampman 297 189 104 879 
 
 Front-end loader-forklift operator 1,663 1,148 387 2,175 
 
 Grader-scraper operator 120 110 28 359 
 
 Laborer-miner-utility man 1,560 1,326 858 3,512 
 
 Manager-foreman-supervisor: 
 
 General 1,465 549 362 1,925 
 
 Maintenance 92 154 18 235 
 
 Working 465 403 72 1,005 
 
 Mechanic-welder-oiler-machinist 1,891 1,635 1,045 5,311 
 
 Mine technical support 1,110 865 436 1,722 
 
 Office worker 2,389 801 301 959 
 
 Plant operator-warehouseman 2,110 1,825 1,136 4,099 
 
 Shuttle car-tram operator 141 61 452 
 
 Stonecutter-finisher 139 184 30 13 
 
 Truck driver 2,422 1,639 723 3,151 
 
 Total 17,541 11,780 5,945 29,006 
 
 1 As defined by MSHA; see appendix A for detailed explanation of job title grouping 
 
 NOTE. — Owing to independent rounding, data may not add to totals shown. 
 
 17-40 41-80 81-160 161+ Unspecified Total Mean, h 
 
 631 
 
 395 
 
 212 
 
 230 
 
 1,764 
 
 4,937 
 
 49 
 
 71 
 
 66 
 
 11 
 
 10 
 
 278 
 
 800 
 
 25 
 
 104 
 
 75 
 
 35 
 
 19 
 
 128 
 
 605 
 
 48 
 
 177 
 
 123 
 
 62 
 
 28 
 
 321 
 
 1,103 
 
 41 
 
 851 
 
 456 
 
 129 
 
 240 
 
 1,552 
 
 5,288 
 
 45 
 
 423 
 
 506 
 
 162 
 
 171 
 
 983 
 
 3,700 
 
 53 
 
 767 
 
 235 
 
 146 
 
 289 
 
 874 
 
 3,780 
 
 56 
 
 2,278 
 
 1,185 
 
 580 
 
 343 
 
 4,182 
 
 13,942 
 
 39 
 
 149 
 
 100 
 
 3 
 
 15 
 
 440 
 
 1,323 
 
 28 
 
 3,386 
 
 1,711 
 
 837 
 
 772 
 
 6,058 
 
 20,019 
 
 45 
 
 1,688 
 
 1,037 
 
 562 
 
 264 
 
 3,867 
 
 11,719 
 
 40 
 
 326 
 
 311 
 
 96 
 
 34 
 
 555 
 
 1,821 
 
 44 
 
 1,388 
 
 703 
 
 343 
 
 316 
 
 1,448 
 
 6,143 
 
 51 
 
 6,538 
 
 2,160 
 
 1,039 
 
 1,396 
 
 7,529 
 
 28,543 
 
 52 
 
 2,671 
 
 994 
 
 630 
 
 412 
 
 4,198 
 
 13,038 
 
 42 
 
 1,177 
 
 869 
 
 382 
 
 361 
 
 5,203 
 
 12,440 
 
 44 
 
 6,084 
 
 2,564 
 
 1,108 
 
 1,121 
 
 7,265 
 
 27,312 
 
 42 
 
 247 
 
 369 
 
 15 
 
 38 
 
 284 
 
 1,607 
 
 39 
 
 66 
 
 40 
 
 12 
 
 6 
 
 389 
 
 879 
 
 24 
 
 3,121 
 
 1,609 
 
 675 
 
 486 
 
 7,004 
 
 20,830 
 
 35 
 
 32,142 15,508 7,040 6,549 
 
 54,321 
 
 179,831 
 
 44 
 
28 
 
 TABLE E-22.— Metal and nonmetal mining 1986 workforce estimates: job title, by years of age 
 
 Job title grouping 1 15-20 21-23 24-26 27-29 30-34 
 
 Backhoe-crane-dragline-shovel operator 58 119 400 349 587 
 
 Beltman-belt repairman 17 17 35 120 128 
 
 Blaster 7 48 32 41 128 
 
 Deckhand-barge and dredge operator 9 60 81 115 225 
 
 Dozer-heavy and mobile equipment operator. 10 104 272 455 834 
 
 Driller-rock bolter 81 94 226 393 655 
 
 Electrician-lampman 9 83 44 183 687 
 
 Front-end loader-forklift operator 287 629 1,116 1,280 1,949 
 
 Grader-scraper operator 40 53 102 135 237 
 
 Laborer-miner-utility man 860 1,688 2,241 2,277 3,523 
 
 Manager-foreman-supervisor: 
 
 General 6 79 285 482 1,242 
 
 Maintenance 6 20 8 171 
 
 Working 17 29 99 287 883 
 
 Mechanic-welder-oiler-machinist 252 642 1,535 2,510 4,554 
 
 Mine technical support 167 595 868 1,143 2,127 
 
 Office worker 211 414 655 1,047 1,746 
 
 Plant operator-warehouseman 381 1,310 2,273 2,645 4,225 
 
 Shuttle car-tram operator 7 107 188 220 
 
 Stonecutter-finisher 13 71 61 101 108 
 
 Truck driver 400 1,198 1,907 1,862 3,007 
 
 Total 2,823 7,245 12,360 15,619 27,236 
 
 1 As defined by MSHA; see appendix A for detailed explanation of job title grouping. 
 
 NOTE— Owing to independent rounding, data may not add to totals shown. 
 
 35-39 40-49 50 + Unspecified Total Mean, yr 
 
 620 
 
 1,114 
 
 1,619 
 
 71 
 
 4,937 
 
 43 
 
 129 
 
 196 
 
 140 
 
 17 
 
 800 
 
 39 
 
 36 
 
 130 
 
 168 
 
 17 
 
 605 
 
 41 
 
 140 
 
 213 
 
 207 
 
 54 
 
 1,103 
 
 38 
 
 870 
 
 1,281 
 
 1,263 
 
 200 
 
 5,288 
 
 41 
 
 658 
 
 800 
 
 698 
 
 96 
 
 3,700 
 
 39 
 
 854 
 
 945 
 
 948 
 
 26 
 
 3,780 
 
 42 
 
 1,814 
 
 2,788 
 
 3,370 
 
 709 
 
 13,942 
 
 40 
 
 156 
 
 346 
 
 215 
 
 38 
 
 1,323 
 
 38 
 
 2,657 
 
 3,446 
 
 2,845 
 
 481 
 
 20,019 
 
 36 
 
 1,786 
 
 3,343 
 
 4,132 
 
 363 
 
 11,719 
 
 45 
 
 244 
 
 744 
 
 604 
 
 24 
 
 1,821 
 
 45 
 
 971 
 
 1,953 
 
 1,870 
 
 35 
 
 6,143 
 
 44 
 
 4,984 
 
 7,301 
 
 6,309 
 
 458 
 
 28,543 
 
 40 
 
 1,954 
 
 2,961 
 
 3,035 
 
 190 
 
 13,038 
 
 40 
 
 2,131 
 
 2,962 
 
 2,908 
 
 367 
 
 12,440 
 
 41 
 
 3,942 
 
 5,939 
 
 6,131 
 
 467 
 
 27,312 
 
 39 
 
 359 
 
 421 
 
 286 
 
 18 
 
 1,607 
 
 39 
 
 100 
 
 212 
 
 213 
 
 
 
 879 
 
 40 
 
 2,560 
 
 4,185 
 
 4,348 
 
 1,362 
 
 20,830 
 
 39 
 
 26,965 41,280 41,309 
 
 4,994 
 
 179,831 
 
 40 
 
 TABLE E-23.— Metal and nonmetal mining 1986 workforce estimates: job title, by sex 
 
 Male 
 
 Job title grouping 1 
 
 Workers pet 
 
 Backhoe-crane-dragline-shovel operator 4,879 3 
 
 Beltman-belt repairman 783 
 
 Blaster 580 
 
 Deckhand-barge and dredge operator 1,088 1 
 
 Dozer-heavy and mobile equipment operator 5,233 3 
 
 Driller-rock bolter 3,635 2 
 
 Electrician-lampman 3,774 2 
 
 Front-end loader-forklift operator 13,725 8 
 
 Grader-scraper operator 1,318 1 
 
 Laborer-miner-utility man 19,215 11 
 
 Manager-foreman-supervisor: 
 
 General 11,416 7 
 
 Maintenance 1,821 1 
 
 Working 6,080 4 
 
 Mechanic-welder-oiler-machinist 28,313 17 
 
 Mine technical support 10,880 7 
 
 Office worker 5,362 3 
 
 Plant operator-warehouseman 26,299 16 
 
 Shuttle car-tram operator 1,534 1 
 
 Stone cutter-finisher 873 1 
 
 Truck driver 20,437 12 
 
 Total 167,245 100 
 
 1 As defined by MSHA; see appendix A for detailed explanation of job title grouping. 
 
 NOTE.— Owing to independent rounding, data may not add to totals shown. 
 
 Female 
 
 
 Unspecifiec 
 
 I 
 
 Total 
 
 
 Workers 
 
 pet 
 
 Workers 
 
 pet 
 
 Workers 
 
 pet 
 
 47 
 
 
 
 11 
 
 1 
 
 4,937 
 
 3 
 
 17 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 800 
 
 
 
 26 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 605 
 
 
 
 15 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 1,103 
 
 1 
 
 8 
 
 
 
 46 
 
 4 
 
 5,288 
 
 3 
 
 14 
 
 
 
 51 
 
 5 
 
 3,700 
 
 2 
 
 
 
 
 
 6 
 
 1 
 
 3.780 
 
 2 
 
 108 
 
 1 
 
 109 
 
 10 
 
 13,942 
 
 8 
 
 
 
 
 
 6 
 
 1 
 
 1,323 
 
 1 
 
 637 
 
 6 
 
 166 
 
 16 
 
 20.019 
 
 11 
 
 198 
 
 2 
 
 105 
 
 10 
 
 11,719 
 
 7 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 1,821 
 
 1 
 
 19 
 
 
 
 43 
 
 4 
 
 6,143 
 
 3 
 
 139 
 
 1 
 
 91 
 
 9 
 
 28.543 
 
 16 
 
 2,118 
 
 18 
 
 41 
 
 4 
 
 13,038 
 
 7 
 
 6.999 
 
 61 
 
 79 
 
 7 
 
 12,440 
 
 7 
 
 873 
 
 8 
 
 141 
 
 13 
 
 27,312 
 
 15 
 
 68 
 
 1 
 
 5 
 
 
 
 1,607 
 
 1 
 
 6 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 879 
 
 
 
 231 
 
 2 
 
 162 
 
 15 
 
 20,830 
 
 12 
 
 11,522 
 
 100 
 
 1.063 
 
 100 
 
 179.831 
 
 100 
 
TABLE E-24.— Metal and nonmetal mining 1986 workforce estimates: job title, by race 
 
 29 
 
 White Black 
 Job title grouping 1 
 
 Workers pet Workers pet 
 
 Backhoe-crane-dragline-shovel operator 4,170 3 354 3 
 
 Beltman-belt repairman 557 165 1 
 
 Blaster 465 12 
 
 Deckhand-barge and dredge operator 961 1 132 1 
 
 Dozer-heavy and mobile equipment operator. 4,278 3 397 3 
 
 Driller-rock bolter 3,015 2 252 2 
 
 Electrician-lampman 3,302 2 109 1 
 
 Front-end loader-forklift operator 11,612 8 985 8 
 
 Grader-scraper operator 1,086 1 53 
 
 Laborer-miner-utility man 14,382 10 2,324 18 
 
 Manager-foreman-supervisor: 
 
 General 10,722 7 383 3 
 
 Maintenance 1,680 1 38 
 
 Working 5,311 4 314 2 
 
 Mechanic-welder-oiler-machinist 23,873 16 1,512 12 
 
 Mine technical support 11,425 8 566 4 
 
 Office worker 11,423 8 259 2 
 
 Plant operator-warehouseman 20,914 14 3,242 26 
 
 Shuttle car-tram operator 1,307 1 121 1 
 
 Stonecutter-finisher 648 186 1 
 
 Truck driver 17,231 12 1,268 10 
 
 Total 148,363 100 12,672 100 
 
 1 As defined by MSHA; see appendix A for detailed explanation of job title grouping. 
 
 NOTE.— Owing to independent rounding, data may not add to totals shown. 
 
 Hispanic 
 
 Othe 
 
 r 
 
 Unspecified 
 Workers pet 
 
 Total 
 
 
 Workers 
 
 pet 
 
 Workers 
 
 pet 
 
 Workers 
 
 pet 
 
 321 
 
 2 
 
 61 
 
 2 
 
 32 
 
 2 
 
 4,937 
 
 3 
 
 60 
 
 
 
 11 
 
 
 
 7 
 
 
 
 800 
 
 
 
 75 
 
 1 
 
 53 
 
 2 
 
 
 
 
 
 605 
 
 
 
 11 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 1,103 
 
 1 
 
 358 
 
 3 
 
 178 
 
 6 
 
 77 
 
 4 
 
 5,288 
 
 3 
 
 278 
 
 2 
 
 93 
 
 3 
 
 62 
 
 3 
 
 3,700 
 
 2 
 
 355 
 
 3 
 
 10 
 
 
 
 4 
 
 
 
 3,780 
 
 2 
 
 1,012 
 
 7 
 
 206 
 
 7 
 
 126 
 
 7 
 
 13,942 
 
 8 
 
 154 
 
 1 
 
 16 
 
 1 
 
 14 
 
 1 
 
 1,323 
 
 1 
 
 2,687 
 
 19 
 
 396 
 
 14 
 
 229 
 
 12 
 
 20,019 
 
 11 
 
 315 
 
 2 
 
 128 
 
 5 
 
 171 
 
 9 
 
 11,719 
 
 7 
 
 68 
 
 
 
 25 
 
 1 
 
 10 
 
 1 
 
 1,821 
 
 1 
 
 428 
 
 3 
 
 41 
 
 1 
 
 49 
 
 3 
 
 6,143 
 
 3 
 
 2,555 
 
 18 
 
 421 
 
 15 
 
 183 
 
 10 
 
 28,543 
 
 16 
 
 786 
 
 6 
 
 165 
 
 6 
 
 96 
 
 5 
 
 13,038 
 
 7 
 
 405 
 
 3 
 
 178 
 
 6 
 
 176 
 
 9 
 
 12,440 
 
 7 
 
 2,538 
 
 18 
 
 402 
 
 14 
 
 216 
 
 11 
 
 27,312 
 
 15 
 
 131 
 
 1 
 
 32 
 
 1 
 
 16 
 
 1 
 
 1,607 
 
 1 
 
 33 
 
 
 
 6 
 
 
 
 6 
 
 
 
 879 
 
 
 
 1,542 
 
 11 
 
 382 
 
 14 
 
 407 
 
 22 
 
 20,830 
 
 12 
 
 14,113 100 2,803 100 1,879 100 179,831 100 
 
 TABLE E-25.— Metal and nonmetal mining 1986 workforce estimates: job title, by education 
 
 Some Some high High school 
 
 Job title grouping 1 elementary school diploma 
 
 Workers pet Workers pet Workers pet 
 
 Backhoe-crane-dragline-shovel operator 562 11 1,293 26 2,290 46 
 
 Beltman-belt repairman 51 6 275 34 345 43 
 
 Blaster 86 14 107 18 278 46 
 
 Deckhand-barge and dredge operator 72 6 226 20 662 60 
 
 Dozer-heavy and mobile equipment operator. 486 9 964 18 2,799 53 
 
 Driller-rock bolter 412 11 900 24 1,622 44 
 
 Electrician-lampman 67 2 233 6 1,263 33 
 
 Front-end loader-forklift operator 1,397 10 2,899 21 6,869 49 
 
 Grader-scraper operator 122 9 270 20 649 49 
 
 Laborer-miner-utility man 2,168 11 3,704 19 9,403 47 
 
 Manager-foreman-supervisor: 
 
 General 474 4 1,120 10 4,807 41 
 
 Maintenance 78 4 153 8 726 40 
 
 Working 258 4 749 12 2,754 45 
 
 Mechanic-welder-oiler-machinist 1,806 6 4,272 15 13,223 46 
 
 Mine technical support 452 3 1,068 8 4,624 35 
 
 Office worker 32 260 2 4,517 36 
 
 Plant operator-warehouseman 2,310 8 4,545 17 13,819 51 
 
 Shuttle car-tram operator 192 12 255 16 813 51 
 
 Stonecutter-finisher 135 15 315 36 374 43 
 
 Truck driver 1,884 9 4,555 22 10,228 49 
 
 Total 13,044 7 28,164 16 82,065 46 
 
 1 As defined by MSHA; see appendix A for detailed explanation of job title grouping. 
 
 NOTE.— Owing to independent rounding, data may not add to totals shown. 
 
 Vocatioi 
 diplorr 
 
 rial 
 
 1a 
 
 pet 
 
 Some 
 college 
 
 Workers pet 
 
 College 
 degree 
 
 Workers pet 
 
 Unspecified 
 
 Total 
 
 
 Workers 
 
 Workers 
 
 pet 
 
 Workers 
 
 pet 
 
 312 
 
 6 
 
 238 
 
 5 
 
 15 
 
 
 
 227 
 
 5 
 
 4,937 
 
 3 
 
 22 
 
 3 
 
 52 
 
 6 
 
 
 
 
 
 55 
 
 7 
 
 800 
 
 
 
 66 
 
 11 
 
 68 
 
 11 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 605 
 
 
 
 74 
 
 7 
 
 23 
 
 2 
 
 22 
 
 2 
 
 25 
 
 2 
 
 1,103 
 
 1 
 
 274 
 
 5 
 
 356 
 
 7 
 
 48 
 
 1 
 
 361 
 
 7 
 
 5,288 
 
 3 
 
 251 
 
 7 
 
 267 
 
 7 
 
 46 
 
 1 
 
 201 
 
 5 
 
 3,700 
 
 2 
 
 1,189 
 
 31 
 
 651 
 
 17 
 
 154 
 
 4 
 
 223 
 
 6 
 
 3,780 
 
 2 
 
 768 
 
 6 
 
 532 
 
 4 
 
 143 
 
 1 
 
 1,334 
 
 10 
 
 13,942 
 
 8 
 
 51 
 
 4 
 
 32 
 
 2 
 
 
 
 
 
 200 
 
 15 
 
 1,323 
 
 1 
 
 1,088 
 
 5 
 
 1,452 
 
 7 
 
 312 
 
 2 
 
 1,892 
 
 9 
 
 20,019 
 
 11 
 
 655 
 
 6 
 
 1,844 
 
 16 
 
 2,001 
 
 17 
 
 817 
 
 7 
 
 11,719 
 
 7 
 
 192 
 
 11 
 
 313 
 
 17 
 
 217 
 
 12 
 
 143 
 
 8 
 
 1,821 
 
 1 
 
 412 
 
 7 
 
 834 
 
 14 
 
 760 
 
 12 
 
 376 
 
 6 
 
 6,143 
 
 3 
 
 3,773 
 
 13 
 
 2,810 
 
 10 
 
 419 
 
 1 
 
 2,239 
 
 8 
 
 28,543 
 
 16 
 
 594 
 
 5 
 
 2,353 
 
 18 
 
 3,302 
 
 25 
 
 645 
 
 5 
 
 13,038 
 
 7 
 
 801 
 
 6 
 
 3,307 
 
 27 
 
 2,977 
 
 24 
 
 546 
 
 4 
 
 12,440 
 
 7 
 
 1,647 
 
 6 
 
 2,361 
 
 9 
 
 494 
 
 2 
 
 2,135 
 
 8 
 
 27,312 
 
 15 
 
 126 
 
 8 
 
 161 
 
 10 
 
 25 
 
 2 
 
 35 
 
 2 
 
 1,607 
 
 1 
 
 6 
 
 1 
 
 19 
 
 2 
 
 6 
 
 1 
 
 24 
 
 3 
 
 879 
 
 
 
 997 
 
 5 
 
 888 
 
 4 
 
 138 
 
 1 
 
 2,140 
 
 10 
 
 20,830 
 
 12 
 
 13,298 7 18,561 10 11,081 6 13,618 8 179,831 100 
 
30 
 
 TABLE E-26.— Metal and nonmetal mining 1986 workforce estimates: 1 
 principal equipment operated, by years of experience at job 
 
 Equipment operated grouping 2 to < 1 
 
 Backhoe-crane-dragline-shovel 713 
 
 Belt 367 
 
 Dozer-heavy and mobile equipment 893 
 
 Drill (underground)-rock bolter 307 
 
 Drill (surface) 485 
 
 Explosives 97 
 
 Front-end loader-forklift 2,937 
 
 Grader-scraper 294 
 
 Handtools (powered and nonpowered) 3,899 
 
 Hoist-elevator 30 
 
 Many equipment 391 
 
 Miscellaneous utility equipment 3,867 
 
 Plant equipment 4,920 
 
 Pump 171 
 
 Scale-lab equipment-controls 1,522 
 
 Shuttle car-locomotive 432 
 
 Stone cutting-finishing machine 180 
 
 Truck (haulage) 4,297 
 
 Truck (utility)-personnel carrier 441 
 
 Welding machine-lathe 831 
 
 None 3,599 
 
 Not elsewhere classified 158 
 
 Unspecified 376 
 
 Total 31,206 
 
 'Excluding job title category of office workers. 
 
 2 See appendix B for detailed explanation of equipment 
 
 NOTE.— Owing to independent rounding, data may not 
 
 1< 
 to <2 
 
 2< 
 
 to <3 
 
 3< 
 
 to <5 
 
 5< 
 
 to <10 
 
 10< 
 to s20 
 
 20 < Unspecified 
 
 Total 
 
 Median, 
 
 521 
 
 454 
 
 518 
 
 1,142 
 
 960 
 
 508 
 
 272 
 
 5,088 
 
 6 
 
 79 
 
 67 
 
 54 
 
 165 
 
 120 
 
 43 
 
 40 
 
 936 
 
 3 
 
 558 
 
 380 
 
 539 
 
 1,032 
 
 738 
 
 319 
 
 385 
 
 4,843 
 
 5 
 
 252 
 
 94 
 
 339 
 
 324 
 
 213 
 
 13 
 
 45 
 
 1,586 
 
 4 
 
 280 
 
 203 
 
 253 
 
 654 
 
 416 
 
 118 
 
 183 
 
 2,591 
 
 5 
 
 129 
 
 67 
 
 67 
 
 131 
 
 74 
 
 10 
 
 13 
 
 588 
 
 3 
 
 2,097 
 
 1,694 
 
 2,262 
 
 3,325 
 
 2,649 
 
 1,031 
 
 1,101 
 
 17,096 
 
 5 
 
 151 
 
 134 
 
 215 
 
 367 
 
 266 
 
 32 
 
 71 
 
 1,529 
 
 5 
 
 2,797 
 
 2,090 
 
 2,988 
 
 7,348 
 
 5,546 
 
 1,470 
 
 1,468 
 
 27,609 
 
 6 
 
 14 
 
 36 
 
 118 
 
 134 
 
 97 
 
 24 
 
 8 
 
 460 
 
 7 
 
 258 
 
 316 
 
 224 
 
 471 
 
 475 
 
 120 
 
 161 
 
 2,417 
 
 5 
 
 1,609 
 
 929 
 
 1,088 
 
 1,812 
 
 1,022 
 
 326 
 
 789 
 
 11,442 
 
 2 
 
 3,053 
 
 1,988 
 
 3,182 
 
 4,612 
 
 3,148 
 
 913 
 
 1,674 
 
 23,489 
 
 4 
 
 99 
 
 43 
 
 116 
 
 176 
 
 85 
 
 41 
 
 27 
 
 758 
 
 4 
 
 947 
 
 804 
 
 807 
 
 1,602 
 
 1,041 
 
 357 
 
 499 
 
 7,579 
 
 4 
 
 280 
 
 118 
 
 207 
 
 512 
 
 162 
 
 56 
 
 5 
 
 1,772 
 
 4 
 
 51 
 
 44 
 
 116 
 
 139 
 
 104 
 
 52 
 
 195 
 
 883 
 
 5 
 
 2,854 
 
 1,943 
 
 2,379 
 
 3,721 
 
 2,870 
 
 1,057 
 
 2,366 
 
 21.488 
 
 4 
 
 231 
 
 349 
 
 321 
 
 847 
 
 448 
 
 164 
 
 84 
 
 2,885 
 
 6 
 
 587 
 
 384 
 
 439 
 
 1,498 
 
 1,276 
 
 535 
 
 237 
 
 5,787 
 
 7 
 
 2,498 
 
 1,937 
 
 2,915 
 
 6,103 
 
 4,399 
 
 1,718 
 
 1,418 
 
 24,584 
 
 6 
 
 32 
 
 96 
 
 120 
 
 146 
 
 76 
 
 11 
 
 51 
 
 689 
 
 4 
 
 145 
 
 136 
 
 119 
 
 228 
 
 147 
 
 25 
 
 117 
 
 1,292 
 
 3 
 
 19,523 14,305 19,383 36,488 26,332 8.943 
 
 11.210 
 
 167,391 
 
 operated grouping, 
 add to totals shown. 
 
 TABLE E-27.— Metal and nonmetal mining 1986 workforce estimates: 1 
 principal equipment operated, by hours of training received in last 2 yr 
 
 9-15 
 
 Equipment operated grouping 2 1-8 
 
 Backhoe-crane-dragline-shovel 506 
 
 Belt 88 
 
 Dozer-heavy and mobile equipment 410 
 
 Drill (underground)-rock bolter 274 
 
 Drill (surface) 178 
 
 Explosives 62 
 
 Front-end loader-forklift 1,982 
 
 Grader-scraper 157 
 
 Handtools (powered and nonpowered) 1 ,800 
 
 Hoist-elevator 110 
 
 Many equipment 135 
 
 Miscellaneous utility equipment 835 
 
 Plant equipment 1,764 
 
 Pump 79 
 
 Scale-lab equipment-controls 662 
 
 Shuttle car-locomotive 82 
 
 Stone cutting-finishing machine 132 
 
 Truck (haulage) 2,516 
 
 Truck (utility)-personnel carrier 262 
 
 Welding machine-lathe 534 
 
 None 2,433 
 
 Not elsewhere classified 74 
 
 Unspecified 78 
 
 Total 15,152 
 
 1 Excluding job title category of office workers. 
 
 2 See appendix B for detailed explanation of equipment operated grouping. 
 
 NOTE. — Owing to independent rounding, data may not add to totals shown. 
 
 16 
 
 17-40 41-80 81-160 161+ Unspecified Total Mean, h 
 
 282 
 
 162 
 
 885 
 
 720 
 
 394 
 
 229 
 
 221 
 
 1,687 
 
 5,088 
 
 47 
 
 84 
 
 54 
 
 177 
 
 114 
 
 76 
 
 17 
 
 30 
 
 296 
 
 936 
 
 36 
 
 255 
 
 135 
 
 887 
 
 889 
 
 398 
 
 106 
 
 181 
 
 1,583 
 
 4,843 
 
 46 
 
 28 
 
 
 
 377 
 
 241 
 
 120 
 
 49 
 
 98 
 
 399 
 
 1,586 
 
 60 
 
 121 
 
 74 
 
 539 
 
 299 
 
 424 
 
 106 
 
 81 
 
 769 
 
 2,591 
 
 46 
 
 19 
 
 13 
 
 146 
 
 93 
 
 80 
 
 29 
 
 19 
 
 128 
 
 588 
 
 50 
 
 1,393 
 
 558 
 
 2,674 
 
 2,816 
 
 1,438 
 
 677 
 
 622 
 
 4,937 
 
 17,096 
 
 43 
 
 110 
 
 34 
 
 403 
 
 160 
 
 163 
 
 3 
 
 15 
 
 484 
 
 1.529 
 
 27 
 
 1,557 
 
 869 
 
 5,266 
 
 6,248 
 
 2,036 
 
 1,047 
 
 1,570 
 
 7,217 
 
 27.609 
 
 55 
 
 
 
 6 
 
 199 
 
 68 
 
 13 
 
 33 
 
 11 
 
 20 
 
 460 
 
 29 
 
 193 
 
 52 
 
 742 
 
 261 
 
 171 
 
 109 
 
 71 
 
 684 
 
 2,417 
 
 40 
 
 804 
 
 550 
 
 1,647 
 
 2,003 
 
 959 
 
 454 
 
 355 
 
 3,836 
 
 11.442 
 
 40 
 
 1,616 
 
 819 
 
 3,514 
 
 5.138 
 
 2,430 
 
 1,039 
 
 988 
 
 6,181 
 
 23.489 
 
 46 
 
 30 
 
 51 
 
 187 
 
 218 
 
 59 
 
 20 
 
 
 
 114 
 
 758 
 
 22 
 
 521 
 
 353 
 
 951 
 
 1,637 
 
 622 
 
 293 
 
 192 
 
 2,347 
 
 7,579 
 
 39 
 
 61 
 
 7 
 
 488 
 
 341 
 
 375 
 
 72 
 
 32 
 
 316 
 
 1,772 
 
 40 
 
 144 
 
 30 
 
 13 
 
 59 
 
 46 
 
 25 
 
 44 
 
 389 
 
 883 
 
 53 
 
 1,724 
 
 746 
 
 3,312 
 
 3,209 
 
 1,616 
 
 695 
 
 486 
 
 7.184 
 
 21.488 
 
 34 
 
 303 
 
 60 
 
 603 
 
 474 
 
 339 
 
 111 
 
 253 
 
 481 
 
 2.885 
 
 49 
 
 315 
 
 300 
 
 1,048 
 
 1,209 
 
 498 
 
 233 
 
 187 
 
 1,462 
 
 5.787 
 
 41 
 
 1,329 
 
 676 
 
 3,718 
 
 4,393 
 
 2,129 
 
 1,236 
 
 667 
 
 8,006 
 
 24.584 
 
 42 
 
 13 
 
 49 
 
 135 
 
 159 
 
 90 
 
 21 
 
 10 
 
 137 
 
 689 
 
 30 
 
 79 
 
 47 
 
 139 
 
 216 
 
 161 
 
 54 
 
 57 
 
 461 
 
 1.292 
 
 53 
 
 10,979 5,644 28.048 30,965 14,639 6.658 6.188 
 
 49.118 
 
 •c'39' 
 
31 
 
 TABLE E-28.— Metal and nonmetal mining 1986 workforce estimates: 1 principal equipment operated, by years of age 
 
 Equipment operated grouping 2 15-20 21-23 24-26 27-29 30-34 
 
 Backhoe-crane-dragline-shovel 48 121 352 384 599 
 
 Belt 17 17 35 120 135 
 
 Dozer-heavy and mobile equipment 10 129 288 488 717 
 
 Drill (underground)-rock bolter 46 13 75 128 422 
 
 Drill (surface) 37 119 157 272 382 
 
 Explosives 12 42 32 32 121 
 
 Front-end loader-forklift 352 771 1,336 1,635 2,581 
 
 Grader-scraper 40 60 111 153 275 
 
 Handtools (powered and nonpowered) 200 672 1,392 2,453 4,643 
 
 Hoist-elevator 17 40 55 
 
 Many equipment 29 84 242 184 430 
 
 Miscellaneous utility equipment 662 937 1,378 1,356 1,980 
 
 Plant equipment 348 1,239 2,028 2,397 3,786 
 
 Pump 5 30 77 106 113 
 
 Scale-lab equipment-controls 105 472 533 673 1,077 
 
 Shuttle car-locomotive 20 98 210 215 
 
 Stone cutting-finishing machine 32 77 68 95 114 
 
 Truck (haulage) 405 1,252 1,951 1,890 3,091 
 
 Truck (utility)-personnel carrier 6 92 106 223 411 
 
 Welding machine-lathe 73 112 342 375 776 
 
 None 147 482 888 1,194 3,222 
 
 Not elsewhere classified 25 28 83 36 91 
 
 Unspecified 15 61 116 127 254 
 
 Total 2,612 6,831 11,705 14,572 25,490 
 
 1 Excluding job title category of office workers. 
 
 2 See appendix B for detailed explanation of equipment operated grouping. 
 
 NOTE.— Owing to independent rounding, data may not add to totals shown. 
 
 35-39 40-49 50+ Unspecified Total Mean, yr 
 
 627 
 
 1,162 
 
 1,708 
 
 87 
 
 5,086 
 
 43 
 
 162 
 
 241 
 
 182 
 
 27 
 
 936 
 
 40 
 
 786 
 
 1,213 
 
 1,130 
 
 82 
 
 4,843 
 
 41 
 
 364 
 
 350 
 
 188 
 
 
 
 1,586 
 
 37 
 
 319 
 
 580 
 
 623 
 
 102 
 
 2,591 
 
 40 
 
 41 
 
 117 
 
 161 
 
 29 
 
 588 
 
 41 
 
 2,232 
 
 3,384 
 
 3,984 
 
 821 
 
 17,096 
 
 39 
 
 170 
 
 403 
 
 279 
 
 38 
 
 1,529 
 
 39 
 
 5,148 
 
 6,765 
 
 5,944 
 
 392 
 
 27,609 
 
 40 
 
 49 
 
 152 
 
 147 
 
 
 
 460 
 
 44 
 
 429 
 
 468 
 
 445 
 
 106 
 
 2,417 
 
 38 
 
 1,453 
 
 1,851 
 
 1,516 
 
 310 
 
 11,442 
 
 35 
 
 3,411 
 
 4,802 
 
 4,946 
 
 533 
 
 23,489 
 
 39 
 
 92 
 
 163 
 
 171 
 
 
 
 758 
 
 39 
 
 1,190 
 
 1,896 
 
 1,519 
 
 113 
 
 7,579 
 
 39 
 
 332 
 
 484 
 
 408 
 
 5 
 
 1,772 
 
 40 
 
 93 
 
 212 
 
 192 
 
 
 
 883 
 
 39 
 
 2,681 
 
 4,329 
 
 4,514 
 
 1,376 
 
 21 ,488 
 
 39 
 
 307 
 
 856 
 
 853 
 
 31 
 
 2,885 
 
 43 
 
 862 
 
 1,660 
 
 1,472 
 
 114 
 
 5,787 
 
 41 
 
 3,898 
 
 6,834 
 
 7,504 
 
 417 
 
 24,584 
 
 43 
 
 90 
 
 175 
 
 147 
 
 13 
 
 689 
 
 39 
 
 98 
 
 220 
 
 370 
 
 31 
 
 1,292 
 
 40 
 
 24,833 38,318 38,402 
 
 4,627 
 
 167,391 
 
 40 
 
 TABLE E-29.— Metal and nonmetal mining 1986 workforce estimates: 1 principal equipment operated, by sex 
 
 Male 
 
 Equipment operated grouping 2 
 
 Workers pet 
 
 Backhoe-crane-dragline-shovel 5,040 3 
 
 Belt 919 1 
 
 Dozer-heavy and mobile equipment 4,820 3 
 
 Drill (underground)-rock bolter 1,566 1 
 
 Drill (surface) 2,528 2 
 
 Explosives 562 
 
 Front-end loader-forklift 16,728 10 
 
 Grader-scraper 1,522 1 
 
 Handtools (powered and nonpowered) 27,392 17 
 
 Hoist-elevator 408 
 
 Many equipment 2,382 1 
 
 Miscellaneous utility equipment 10,830 7 
 
 Plant equipment 22,821 14 
 
 Pump 752 
 
 Scale-lab equipment-controls 6,155 4 
 
 Shuttle car-locomotive 1,747 1 
 
 Stone cutting-finishing machine 877 1 
 
 Truck (haulage) 21,075 13 
 
 Truck (utility)-personnel carrier 2,794 2 
 
 Welding machine-lathe 5,757 4 
 
 None 23,326 14 
 
 Not elsewhere classified 658 
 
 Unspecified 1,225 1 
 
 Total 161,883 100 
 
 Excluding job title category of office workers. 
 
 2 See appendix B for detailed explanation of equipment operated grouping. 
 
 NOTE.— Owing to independent rounding, data may not add to totals shown. 
 
 Female 
 
 
 Unspecified 
 
 
 Total 
 
 
 Workers 
 
 pet 
 
 Workers 
 
 pet 
 
 Workers 
 
 pet 
 
 36 
 
 1 
 
 11 
 
 1 
 
 5,088 
 
 3 
 
 17 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 936 
 
 1 
 
 
 
 
 
 23 
 
 2 
 
 4,843 
 
 3 
 
 14 
 
 
 
 7 
 
 1 
 
 1,586 
 
 1 
 
 
 
 
 
 63 
 
 6 
 
 2,591 
 
 2 
 
 26 
 
 1 
 
 
 
 
 
 588 
 
 
 
 223 
 
 5 
 
 145 
 
 15 
 
 17,096 
 
 10 
 
 
 
 
 
 7 
 
 1 
 
 1,529 
 
 1 
 
 126 
 
 3 
 
 91 
 
 9 
 
 27,609 
 
 16 
 
 46 
 
 1 
 
 6 
 
 1 
 
 460 
 
 
 
 30 
 
 1 
 
 5 
 
 1 
 
 2,417 
 
 1 
 
 513 
 
 11 
 
 99 
 
 10 
 
 11,442 
 
 7 
 
 505 
 
 11 
 
 163 
 
 17 
 
 23,489 
 
 14 
 
 6 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 758 
 
 
 
 1,420 
 
 31 
 
 3 
 
 
 
 7,579 
 
 5 
 
 20 
 
 
 
 5 
 
 1 
 
 1,772 
 
 1 
 
 6 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 883 
 
 1 
 
 243 
 
 5 
 
 169 
 
 17 
 
 21,488 
 
 13 
 
 85 
 
 2 
 
 6 
 
 1 
 
 2,885 
 
 2 
 
 23 
 
 1 
 
 7 
 
 1 
 
 5,787 
 
 3 
 
 1,097 
 
 24 
 
 161 
 
 16 
 
 24,584 
 
 15 
 
 31 
 
 1 
 
 
 
 
 
 689 
 
 
 
 55 
 
 1 
 
 12 
 
 1 
 
 1,292 
 
 1 
 
 4,523 
 
 100 
 
 984 
 
 100 
 
 167,391 
 
 100 
 
32 
 
 TABLE E-30.— Metal and nonmetal mining 1986 workforce estimates: 1 principal equipment operated, by race 
 
 White Black 
 
 Equipment operated grouping 2 
 
 Workers pet Workers pet 
 
 Backhoe-crane-dragline-shovel 4,400 3 307 2 
 
 Belt 675 168 1 
 
 Dozer-heavy and mobile equipment 3,860 3 369 3 
 
 Drill (underground)-rock bolter 1,240 1 108 1 
 
 Drill (surface) 2,103 2 249 2 
 
 Explosives 450 12 
 
 Front-end loader-forklift 14,150 10 1,326 11 
 
 Grader-scraper 1,258 1 86 1 
 
 Handtools (powered and nonpowered) 22,955 17 1,608 13 
 
 Hoist-elevator 286 113 1 
 
 Many equipment 2,002 1 76 1 
 
 Miscellaneous utility equipment 7,816 6 1,526 12 
 
 Plant equipment 18,334 13 2,560 21 
 
 Pump 586 93 1 
 
 Scale-lab equipment-controls 6,577 5 304 2 
 
 Shuttle car-locomotive 1,403 1 109 1 
 
 Stone cutting-finishing machine 686 1 146 1 
 
 Truck (haulage) 17,745 13 1,293 10 
 
 Truck (utility)-personnel carrier 2,299 2 166 1 
 
 Welding machine-lathe 4,978 4 204 2 
 
 None 21,774 16 1,256 10 
 
 Not elsewhere classified 516 111 1 
 
 Unspecified 844 1 226 2 
 
 Total 136,940 100 12,413 100 
 
 1 Excluding job title category of office workers. 
 
 2 See appendix B for detailed explanation of equipment operated grouping. 
 
 NOTE.— Owing to independent rounding, data may not add to totals shown. 
 
 Hispanic 
 
 Other 
 
 Unspecified 
 
 Total 
 
 Workers pet Workers pet Workers pet Workers pet 
 
 281 
 
 78 
 
 378 
 
 171 
 
 150 
 
 81 
 
 1,258 
 
 155 
 
 2,535 
 
 61 
 
 286 
 
 1,713 
 
 1,984 
 
 75 
 
 543 
 
 195 
 
 33 
 
 1,660 
 
 335 
 
 468 
 
 1,042 
 
 53 
 
 173 
 
 2 
 1 
 3 
 1 
 1 
 1 
 9 
 1 
 
 18 
 
 2 
 
 12 
 
 14 
 1 
 4 
 1 
 
 
 12 
 2 
 3 
 8 
 
 1 
 
 67 
 
 7 
 
 177 
 
 53 
 
 40 
 
 45 
 
 197 
 
 16 
 
 323 
 
 
 
 41 
 
 248 
 
 388 
 
 
 
 101 
 
 51 
 
 6 
 
 382 
 
 72 
 
 128 
 
 241 
 
 9 
 
 34 
 
 3 
 
 7 
 2 
 2 
 2 
 7 
 1 
 
 12 
 
 2 
 9 
 
 15 
 
 4 
 2 
 
 
 15 
 3 
 5 
 9 
 
 1 
 
 32 
 
 7 
 
 60 
 
 13 
 
 49 
 
 
 
 166 
 
 14 
 
 188 
 
 
 
 12 
 
 140 
 
 223 
 
 4 
 
 53 
 
 16 
 
 12 
 
 407 
 
 13 
 
 9 
 
 271 
 
 
 
 15 
 
 2 
 
 3 
 1 
 3 
 
 
 10 
 1 
 
 11 
 
 
 1 
 
 8 
 
 13 
 
 
 
 3 
 
 1 
 
 1 
 
 24 
 
 1 
 
 1 
 
 16 
 
 
 
 1 
 
 5,088 
 
 936 
 
 4,843 
 
 1,586 
 
 2,591 
 
 588 
 
 17,096 
 
 1,529 
 
 27,609 
 
 460 
 
 2,417 
 
 11,442 
 
 23,489 
 
 758 
 
 7,579 
 
 1,772 
 
 883 
 
 21,488 
 
 2,885 
 
 5,787 
 
 24,584 
 
 689 
 
 1,292 
 
 13,708 100 
 
 2,626 
 
 100 
 
 1,703 
 
 3 
 1 
 3 
 1 
 2 
 
 
 10 
 1 
 
 16 
 
 1 
 7 
 
 14 
 
 5 
 1 
 1 
 
 13 
 2 
 3 
 
 15 
 
 1 
 
 100 167,391 100 
 
33 
 
 TABLE E-31.— Metal and nonmetal mining 1986 workforce estimates: 1 principal equipment operated, by education 
 
 Some Some high High school Vocational Some College UnsDecified Total 
 
 Equipment operated grouping 2 elementary school diploma diploma college degree P 
 
 Workers pet Workers pet Workers pet Workers pet Workers pet Workers pet Workers pet Workers pet 
 
 Backhoe-crane-dragline-shovel 593 12 1,301 26 2,429 48 239 5 285 6 15 226 4 5,088 3 
 
 Belt 65 7 280 30 431 46 38 4 48 5 73 8 936 1 
 
 Dozer-heavy and mobile equipment 407 8 807 17 2,659 55 252 5 341 7 41 1 336 7 4,843 3 
 
 Drill (underground)-rock bolter 176 11 348 22 772 49 113 7 126 8 44 3 7 1,586 1 
 
 Drill (surface) 296 11 670 26 1,097 42 148 6 165 6 3 213 8 2,591 2 
 
 Explosives 80 14 118 20 256 44 66 11 68 12 588 
 
 Front-end loader-forklitt 1,609 9 3,363 20 8,572 50 973 6 840 5 198 1 1,541 9 17,096 10 
 
 Grader-scraper 148 10 315 21 776 51 51 3 38 2 200 13 1,529 1 
 
 Handtools (powered and nonpowered) 1,484 5 3,866 14 12,417 45 4,221 15 2,982 11 483 2 2,156 8 27,609 16 
 
 Hoist-elevator 85 18 124 27 160 35 47 10 23 5 8 2 14 3 460 
 
 Many equipment 82 3 337 14 1,034 43 159 7 160 7 128 5 516 21 2,417 1 
 
 Miscellaneous utility equipment 1,486 13 2,125 19 5,344 47 570 5 826 7 166 1 924 8 11,442 7 
 
 Plant equipment 2,031 9 4,206 18 11,859 50 1,366 6 1,776 8 425 2 1,827 8 23,489 14 
 
 Pump 45 6 182 24 350 46 42 6 56 7 19 2 63 8 758 
 
 Scale-lab equipment-controls 147 2 703 9 3,382 45 471 6 1,430 19 945 12 501 7 7,579 5 
 
 Shuttle car-locomotive 168 9 272 15 962 54 125 7 179 10 25 1 42 2 1,772 1 
 
 Stone cutting-finishing machine 135 15 288 33 393 44 6 1 25 3 6 1 30 3 883 1 
 
 Truck (haulage) 1,946 9 4,715 22 10,543 49 1,022 5 959 4 144 1 2,159 10 21,488 13 
 
 Truck (utility)-personnel carrier 178 6 368 13 1,482 51 169 6 360 12 240 8 88 3 2,885 2 
 
 Welding machine-lathe 429 7 786 14 2,615 45 806 14 629 11 141 2 382 7 5,787 3 
 
 None 1,178 5 2,380 10 9,076 37 1,494 6 3,801 15 5,036 20 1,619 7 24,584 15 
 
 Not elsewhere classified 79 11 144 21 270 39 66 10 82 12 6 1 42 6 689 
 
 Unspecified 164 13 206 16 668 52 52 4 54 4 33 3 115 9 1,292 1 
 
 Total 13,012 8 27,904 17 77,548 46 12,498 7 15,254 9 8,103 5 13,072 8 167,391 100 
 
 1 Excluding job title category of office workers. 
 
 2 See appendix B for detailed explanation of equipment operated grouping. 
 
 NOTE.— Owing to independent rounding, data may not add to totals shown. 
 
34 
 
 TABLE E-32.— Metal and nonmetal mining 1986 workforce estimates job, company, and mining experience, by work location 
 
 S u rf 3 C 6 3t 
 
 Underground mine , „ . , . _. Surface mine Plant or mill Office Total 
 
 Experience, yr underground mine 
 
 Workers pet Workers pet Workers pet Workers pet Workers pet Workers pet 
 
 At present job: 
 
 0< to «s1 1,893 19 471 11 16,152 19 11,608 18 3,051 17 33,176 18 
 
 1< to £2 1,171 12 583 14 9,815 12 7,268 11 2,194 12 21,032 12 
 
 2< to S3 939 10 369 9 7,561 9 4,966 8 1,723 10 15,558 9 
 
 3< to s5 1,515 16 640 15 8,968 11 7,554 12 2,110 12 20,787 12 
 
 5<tos10 2,629 27 1,085 26 17,221 20 14,306 23 3,957 22 39,198 22 
 
 10< to £20 1,353 14 863 21 13,088 15 10,226 16 2,703 15 28,233 16 
 
 20< 68 1 123 3 5,109 6 3,305 5 1,164 6 9,769 5 
 
 Unspecified 149 2 63 2 6,658 8 4,099 6 1,109 6 12,079 7 
 
 Total 9.717 100 4,197 100 84,572 100 63,332 100 18,012 100 179,831 100 
 
 Median yr.... 5 NAp 6 NAp 5 MAp 5 NAp 5 NAp 5 NAp 
 
 At present company: 
 
 0<tO£l 1,459 15 584 14 12,249 14 6,168 10 2,402 13 22,861 13 
 
 1< to £5 2,038 21 804 19 22,644 27 12.725 20 4,685 26 42,897 24 
 
 5<tos10 3,090 32 976 23 17,026 20 14.918 24 4,394 24 40,403 22 
 
 10<to<15 1,454 15 694 17 12,044 14 9,999 16 2,606 14 26,797 15 
 
 15< to <;20 912 9 390 9 7,581 9 7.773 12 1,345 7 18.001 10 
 
 20 < to £ 25 454 5 259 6 3,917 5 4,159 7 799 4 9,587 5 
 
 25< to s30 122 1 133 3 2.792 3 2.929 5 566 3 6,541 4 
 
 30< 161 2 312 7 3.797 4 3.466 5 778 4 8,514 5 
 
 Unspecified 27 44 1 2.524 3 1.197 2 437 2 4,229 2 
 
 Total 9.717 100 4.197 100 84.572 100 63.332 100 18,012 100 179,831 100 
 
 Median yr.... 8 NAp 9 NAp 7 NAp 10 NAp 7 NAp 8 NAp 
 
 Total mining: 
 
 0<tos1 321 3 110 3 7,918 9 4,055 6 1.610 9 14,014 8 
 
 1< to S5 1,278 13 529 13 16,222 19 8.967 14 3.508 19 30.504 17 
 
 5<tOfi10 2.805 29 612 15 15.899 19 14.065 22 3.672 20 37,053 21 
 
 10<tos15 1,940 20 670 16 12,269 15 9,946 16 2,308 13 27,134 15 
 
 15< to <20 1,340 14 587 14 7.992 9 7,748 12 1,355 8 19.022 11 
 
 20< to <25 664 7 362 9 4,272 5 4.244 7 906 5 10,448 6 
 
 25< to <30 216 2 244 6 3,080 4 2,879 5 561 3 6,981 4 
 
 30< 275 3 450 11 4,210 5 3,427 5 880 5 9,242 5 
 
 Unspecified 878 9 632 15 12.709 15 8.001 13 3.213 18 25,433 14 
 
 Total 9,717 100 4,197 100 84,572 100 63,332 100 18,012 100 179.831 100 
 
 Median yr.... 11 NAp 15 NAp 9 NAp 11 NAp 9 NAp 10 NAp 
 
 NAp Not applicable. 
 
 NOTE.— Owing to independent rounding, data may not add to totals shown. 
 
TABLE E-33.— Metal and nonmetal mining 1986 workforce estimates training received, by work location 
 
 35 
 
 ... . . Surface at 
 
 Job training for Underground m.ne underground mine 
 
 last 2 hr, h — — 
 
 Workers pet Workers pet 
 
 625 6 200 5 
 
 1-8 369 4 411 10 
 
 9-15 27 198 5 
 
 16 3,208 33 1,026 24 
 
 17-40 1,569 16 466 11 
 
 41-80 1,272 13 515 12 
 
 81-160 365 4 307 7 
 
 161 + 371 4 159 4 
 
 Unspecified 1,912 20 914 22 
 
 Total 9,717 100 4,197 100 
 
 Mean training h.... 43 NAp 47 NAp 
 
 NAp Not applicable. 
 
 NOTE. — Owing to independent rounding, data may not add to totals shown. 
 
 Surface mine Plant or mill 
 
 Office 
 
 Total 
 
 Workers pet Workers pet Workers pet Workers pet 
 
 8,937 
 
 5,703 
 
 2,312 
 
 13,623 
 
 12,695 
 
 7,571 
 
 3,359 
 
 2,923 
 
 27,450 
 
 11 
 7 
 3 
 
 16 
 
 15 
 9 
 4 
 3 
 
 32 
 
 4,581 
 4,040 
 2,946 
 9,573 
 
 15,406 
 4,881 
 2,409 
 2,667 
 
 16,830 
 
 7 
 
 6 
 
 5 
 
 15 
 
 24 
 
 8 
 
 4 
 
 4 
 
 27 
 
 3,197 
 
 1,257 
 
 463 
 
 1,576 
 
 2,006 
 
 1,269 
 
 599 
 
 429 
 
 7,215 
 
 18 
 7 
 3 
 9 
 
 11 
 7 
 3 
 2 
 
 40 
 
 17,541 
 
 1 1 ,780 
 
 5,945 
 
 29,006 
 
 32,142 
 
 15,508 
 
 7,040 
 
 6,549 
 
 54,321 
 
 84,572 
 43 
 
 100 
 NAp 
 
 63,332 
 46 
 
 100 
 NAp 
 
 18,012 
 39 
 
 100 
 NAp 
 
 179,831 
 44 
 
 10 
 7 
 3 
 
 16 
 
 18 
 9 
 4 
 4 
 
 30 
 
 100 
 NAp 
 
 TABLE E-34.— Metal and nonmetal mining 1986 workforce estimates age distribution, by work location 
 
 Underground mine . _ . _. Surface mine Plant or mill Office Total 
 Aqg vr underground mine 
 
 Workers pet Workers pet Workers pet Workers pet Workers pet Workers pet 
 
 15-20 100 1 19 1,472 2 930 1 301 2 2,823 2 
 
 21-23 174 2 41 1 4,164 5 2,184 3 681 4 7,245 4 
 
 24-26 606 6 219 5 6,613 8 3,915 6 1,008 6 12,360 7 
 
 27-29 1,121 12 378 9 7,236 9 5,439 9 1,446 8 15,619 9 
 
 30-34 1,935 20 558 13 12,493 15 9,739 15 2,511 14 27,236 15 
 
 35-39 1,965 20 495 12 11,529 14 9,962 16 3,013 17 26,965 15 
 
 40-49 2,205 23 1,160 28 18,047 21 15,730 25 4,138 23 41,280 23 
 
 50+ 1,586 16 1,326 32 19,509 23 14,498 23 4,390 24 41,309 23 
 
 Unspecified 27 3,508 4 934 1 524 3 4,994 3 
 
 Total 9,717 100 4,197 100 84,572 100 63,332 100 18,012 100 179,831 100 
 
 Mean age yr.... 38 NAp 43 NAp 40 NAp 40 NAp 41 NAp 40 NAp 
 
 NAp Not applicable. 
 
 NOTE.— Owing to independent rounding, data may not add to totals shown. 
 
36 
 
 TABLE E-35.— Metal and nonmetal mining 1986 workforce estimates sex, race, and education, by work location 
 
 Surfscs 3t 
 Underground mine . . Surface mine Plant or mill Office 
 
 3 underground mine 
 
 Total 
 
 Workers 
 
 pet 
 
 Workers 
 
 pet 
 
 Workers 
 
 pet 
 
 Workers 
 
 pet 
 
 Workers 
 
 pet 
 
 Workers 
 
 pet 
 
 9,493 
 
 98 
 
 4,029 
 
 96 
 
 82,850 
 
 98 
 
 61,463 
 
 97 
 
 9,410 
 
 52 
 
 167,245 
 
 93 
 
 165 
 
 2 
 
 118 
 
 3 
 
 1,196 
 
 1 
 
 1,529 
 
 2 
 
 8,513 
 
 47 
 
 11,522 
 
 6 
 
 59 
 
 1 
 
 49 
 
 1 
 
 526 
 
 1 
 
 340 
 
 1 
 
 89 
 
 
 
 1,063 
 
 1 
 
 Sex: 
 
 Male 
 
 Female 
 
 Unspecified 
 
 Total 
 
 Race: 
 
 White 
 
 Black 
 
 Hispanic 
 
 Other 
 
 Unspecified 
 
 Total 
 
 Education level: 
 
 Some elementary 
 
 Some high school 
 
 High school diploma . 
 Vocational diploma.... 
 
 Some college 
 
 College degree 
 
 Unspecified 
 
 Total 
 
 9,717 
 
 9,717 
 
 9,717 
 
 100 
 
 100 
 
 100 
 
 4,197 
 
 100 84,572 100 63,332 100 18,012 100 179,831 100 
 
 8,425 
 
 87 
 
 3,707 
 
 88 
 
 69,452 
 
 82 
 
 50,300 
 
 79 
 
 16,479 
 
 91 
 
 148,363 
 
 83 
 
 246 
 
 3 
 
 220 
 
 5 
 
 5,349 
 
 6 
 
 6,541 
 
 10 
 
 317 
 
 2 
 
 12,672 
 
 7 
 
 773 
 
 8 
 
 198 
 
 5 
 
 7,140 
 
 8 
 
 5,253 
 
 8 
 
 749 
 
 4 
 
 14,113 
 
 8 
 
 194 
 
 2 
 
 48 
 
 1 
 
 1,521 
 
 2 
 
 812 
 
 1 
 
 229 
 
 1 
 
 2,803 
 
 2 
 
 80 
 
 1 
 
 24 
 
 1 
 
 1,110 
 
 1 
 
 426 
 
 1 
 
 239 
 
 1 
 
 1,879 
 
 1 
 
 4,197 
 
 100 84,572 100 63,332 100 18,012 100 179,831 100 
 
 921 
 
 9 
 
 278 
 
 7 
 
 7,483 
 
 9 
 
 4,238 
 
 7 
 
 125 
 
 1 
 
 13,044 
 
 7 
 
 1,530 
 
 16 
 
 482 
 
 11 
 
 15,955 
 
 19 
 
 9,560 
 
 15 
 
 637 
 
 4 
 
 28.164 
 
 16 
 
 4,462 
 
 46 
 
 1,975 
 
 47 
 
 39,540 
 
 47 
 
 29,515 
 
 47 
 
 6,573 
 
 36 
 
 82,065 
 
 46 
 
 974 
 
 10 
 
 486 
 
 12 
 
 5,575 
 
 7 
 
 5,240 
 
 8 
 
 1,024 
 
 6 
 
 13,298 
 
 7 
 
 759 
 
 8 
 
 413 
 
 10 
 
 6.006 
 
 7 
 
 6,917 
 
 11 
 
 4,465 
 
 25 
 
 18,561 
 
 10 
 
 565 
 
 6 
 
 227 
 
 5 
 
 2,615 
 
 3 
 
 3.248 
 
 5 
 
 4,426 
 
 25 
 
 11,081 
 
 6 
 
 507 
 
 5 
 
 336 
 
 j 
 
 7,398 
 
 9 
 
 4,614 
 
 7 
 
 762 
 
 4 
 
 13.618 
 
 8 
 
 4,197 
 
 100 
 
 84,572 100 63,332 100 18,012 100 179,831 100 
 
 NOTE— Owing to independent rounding, data may not add to totals shown. 
 
37 
 
 TABLE E-36.— Metal and nonmetal mining 1986 workforce estimates: 1 
 
 experience at job, by hours of training received in last 2 yr 
 
 Experience at 18 g _ 15 16 ^^g 41 _ 8Q 81 _ 160 161 + 
 present job, yr 
 
 0< to <1: 
 
 Workers 2,417 3,197 1,114 2,780 7,175 2,936 1,607 1,702 
 
 pet 8 10 4 9 23 9 5 5 
 
 1< to <2: 
 
 Workers 1,531 1,010 522 3,251 3,930 2,306 918 1,193 
 
 pet 8 5 3 17 20 12 5 6 
 
 2< to <3: 
 
 Workers 1,501 872 442 2,536 2,000 1,357 881 952 
 
 pet 10 6 3 18 14 9 6 7 
 
 3< to s5: 
 
 Workers 2,177 1,211 721 3,477 3,389 1,728 856 639 
 
 pet 11 6 4 18 17 9 4 3 
 
 5< to <10: 
 
 Workers 3,541 2,234 1,306 7,882 6,490 3,314 1,309 768 
 
 pet 10 6 4 22 18 9 4 2 
 
 10< to <20: 
 
 Workers 2,702 1,413 1,031 5,401 5,182 2,150 910 530 
 
 pet 10 5 4 21 20 8 3 2 
 
 20<: 
 
 Workers 916 533 306 2,010 1,990 603 112 187 
 
 pet 10 6 3 22 22 7 1 2 
 
 Unspecified: 
 
 Workers 369 507 202 713 810 246 65 217 
 
 pet 3 5 2 6 7 2 1 2_ 
 
 Total: 
 
 Workers 15,152 10,979 5,644 28,048 30,965 14,639 6,658 6,188 
 
 pet '■ 9 7 3 17 18 9 4 4_ 
 
 NAp Not applicable. 
 
 Excluding job title category of office workers. 
 
 NOTE— Owing to independent rounding, data may not add to totals shown. 
 
 Unspecified Total Mean, h 
 
 8,280 
 
 31 ,206 
 
 54 
 
 27 
 
 100 
 
 NAp 
 
 4,862 
 
 19,523 
 
 56 
 
 25 
 
 100 
 
 NAp 
 
 3,765 
 
 14,305 
 
 59 
 
 26 
 
 100 
 
 NAp 
 
 5,186 
 
 19,383 
 
 43 
 
 27 
 
 100 
 
 NAp 
 
 9,644 
 
 36,488 
 
 33 
 
 26 
 
 100 
 
 NAp 
 
 7,013 
 
 26,332 
 
 34 
 
 27 
 
 100 
 
 NAp 
 
 2,286 
 
 8,943 
 
 31 
 
 26 
 
 100 
 
 NAp 
 
 8,082 
 
 11,210 
 
 47 
 
 72 
 
 100 
 
 NAp 
 
 49,118 
 
 167,391 
 
 44 
 
 29 
 
 100 
 
 NAp 
 
38 
 
 TABLE E-37.— Metal and nonmetal mining 1986 workforce estimates: 1 experience at job, by years of age 
 
 ™? ?nh l\ 15 " 20 21 " 23 24 " 26 27 " 29 
 
 present job, yr 
 
 0< to <1: 
 
 Workers 1,677 3,304 4,192 4,052 
 
 pet 5 11 13 13 
 
 1< to <2: 
 
 Workers 458 1,294 2,142 2,226 
 
 pet 2 7 11 11 
 
 2< to <3: 
 
 Workers 185 892 1,470 1,695 
 
 pet 1 6 10 12 
 
 3< to <5: 
 
 Workers 140 636 1,652 1,981 
 
 pet 1 3 9 10 
 
 5< to <10: 
 
 Workers 242 1,585 3,578 
 
 pet 1 4 10 
 
 10< to <20: 
 
 Workers 220 
 
 pet 1 
 
 20<: 
 
 Workers 
 
 pet 
 
 Unspecified: 
 
 Workers 152 463 664 820 
 
 pet 14 6 7 
 
 Total: 
 
 Workers 2,612 6,831 11,705 14,572 
 
 pet 2 4 7 9_ 
 
 NAp Not applicable. 
 
 Excluding job title category of office workers. 
 
 NOTE.— Owing to independent rounding, data may not add to totals shown. 
 
 30-34 35-39 40-49 50+ Unspecified Total Mean, yr 
 
 5,401 
 
 3,826 
 
 4,831 
 
 2,954 
 
 970 
 
 31,206 
 
 34 
 
 17 
 
 12 
 
 15 
 
 9 
 
 3 
 
 100 
 
 NAp 
 
 3,900 
 
 2,800 
 
 3,657 
 
 2,598 
 
 448 
 
 19,523 
 
 36 
 
 20 
 
 14 
 
 19 
 
 13 
 
 2 
 
 100 
 
 NAp 
 
 2,347 
 
 2,349 
 
 2,989 
 
 2,073 
 
 306 
 
 14,305 
 
 37 
 
 16 
 
 16 
 
 21 
 
 14 
 
 2 
 
 100 
 
 NAp 
 
 3,669 
 
 3,493 
 
 4,034 
 
 3,399 
 
 379 
 
 19,383 
 
 38 
 
 19 
 
 18 
 
 21 
 
 18 
 
 2 
 
 100 
 
 NAp 
 
 6,324 
 
 6,700 
 
 9,417 
 
 8,149 
 
 494 
 
 36,488 
 
 41 
 
 17 
 
 18 
 
 26 
 
 22 
 
 1 
 
 100 
 
 NAp 
 
 2,380 
 
 4,238 
 
 9,291 
 
 9,728 
 
 474 
 
 26,332 
 
 46 
 
 9 
 
 16 
 
 35 
 
 37 
 
 2 
 
 100 
 
 NAp 
 
 
 
 48 
 
 1,808 
 
 6,988 
 
 100 
 
 8,943 
 
 55 
 
 
 
 1 
 
 20 
 
 78 
 
 1 
 
 100 
 
 NAp 
 
 1,471 
 
 1,378 
 
 2,292 
 
 2,513 
 
 1,457 
 
 11,210 
 
 40 
 
 13 
 
 12 
 
 20 
 
 22 
 
 13 
 
 100 
 
 NAp 
 
 !5,490 
 
 24,833 
 
 38,318 
 
 38,402 
 
 4,627 
 
 167.391 
 
 40 
 
 15 
 
 15 
 
 23 
 
 23 
 
 3 
 
 100 
 
 NAp 
 
 TABLE E-38.— Metal and nonmetal mining 1986 workforce estimates: 1 experience at job, by sex 
 
 Experience at ae 
 
 Present job, yr Workers pet 
 
 0< to =s1 29,726 18 
 
 1< to <2 18,861 12 
 
 2< to <3 13,741 8 
 
 3< to <5 18,854 12 
 
 5< to =£10 35,218 22 
 
 10< to <20 25,860 16 
 
 20< 8.809 5 
 
 Unspecified 10,814 7 
 
 Total 161,883 100 
 
 Median yr.... 5 NAp 
 
 NAp Not applicable. 
 
 Excluding job title category of office workers. 
 
 NOTE. — Owing to independent rounding, data may not add to totals shown. 
 
 Female 
 
 
 Unspeci 
 
 tied 
 
 Total 
 
 
 Workers 
 
 pet 
 
 Workers 
 
 pet 
 
 Workers 
 
 pet 
 
 1,228 
 
 27 
 
 252 
 
 26 
 
 31.206 
 
 19 
 
 585 
 
 13 
 
 77 
 
 8 
 
 19,523 
 
 12 
 
 472 
 
 10 
 
 92 
 
 9 
 
 14,305 
 
 9 
 
 470 
 
 10 
 
 60 
 
 6 
 
 19,383 
 
 12 
 
 1,154 
 
 26 
 
 116 
 
 12 
 
 36,488 
 
 22 
 
 309 
 
 7 
 
 163 
 
 17 
 
 26,332 
 
 16 
 
 64 
 
 1 
 
 70 
 
 7 
 
 8,943 
 
 5 
 
 241 
 
 5 
 
 155 
 
 16 
 
 11.210 
 
 7 
 
 4,523 
 
 100 
 
 984 
 
 100 
 
 167.391 
 
 100 
 
 3 
 
 NAp 
 
 3 
 
 NAp 
 
 5 
 
 NAp 
 
TABLE E-39.— Metal and nonmetal mining 1986 workforce estimates: 1 experience at job, by race 
 
 39 
 
 Experience at White Black His P anic 
 
 present job, yr Workers pet Workers pet Workers 
 
 0<tO£l 25,388 19 2,183 18 2,581 
 
 1< to <;2 15,525 11 1,319 11 1,976 
 
 2< to £3 11,866 9 832 7 1,205 
 
 3< to £5 15,859 12 1,450 12 1,722 
 
 5< to £10 29,475 22 2,710 22 3,517 
 
 10< to £20 21,885 16 2,280 18 1,727 
 
 20< , 7,874 6 515 4 386 
 
 Unspecified 9,068 7 1,125 J* 596 
 
 Total 136,940 100 12,413 100 13,708 
 
 Median yr.... 5 NAp 5 NAp 5 
 
 NAp Not applicable. 
 
 'Excluding job title category of office workers. 
 
 NOTE.— Owing to independent rounding, data may not add to totals shown. 
 
 Other 
 
 Unspecified 
 
 Total 
 
 pet 
 
 Workers 
 
 pet 
 
 Workers 
 
 pet 
 
 Workers 
 
 pet 
 
 19 
 
 14 
 
 9 
 
 13 
 
 26 
 
 13 
 
 3 
 
 4 
 
 527 
 504 
 299 
 274 
 559 
 277 
 71 
 115 
 
 20 
 19 
 11 
 10 
 21 
 11 
 3 
 4 
 
 527 
 200 
 104 
 
 79 
 226 
 163 
 
 98 
 306 
 
 31 
 
 12 
 
 6 
 
 5 
 
 13 
 
 10 
 
 6 
 
 18 
 
 100 
 NAp 
 
 2,626 
 3 
 
 100 
 NAp 
 
 1,703 
 2 
 
 100 
 NAp 
 
 31,206 
 19,523 
 14,305 
 19,383 
 36,488 
 26,332 
 8,943 
 11,210 
 
 167,391 
 5 
 
 19 
 
 12 
 
 9 
 
 12 
 
 22 
 
 16 
 
 5 
 
 7 
 
 100 
 NAp 
 
 TABLE E-40.— Metal and nonmetal mining 1986 workforce estimates: 1 experience at job, by education 
 
 Some Some high High school Vocational 
 
 Experience at elementary school diploma diploma 
 
 present job, yr 
 
 Workers pet Workers pet Workers pet Workers pet 
 
 0<to<1 1,639 13 5,060 18 15,296 20 2,599 21 
 
 1< to s2 1,060 8 3,273 12-9,298 12 1,339 11 
 
 2< to £3 883 7 2,405 9 6,956 9 1,008 8 
 
 3< to <5 1,500 12 3,175 11 8,889 11 1,768 14 
 
 5< to £10 3,031 23 5,888 21 16,934 22 2,921 23 
 
 10< to <20 2,752 21 4,841 17 12,246 16 1,958 16 
 
 20< 1,366 10 1,832 7 3,865 5 401 3 
 
 Unspecified _ 781 6 1,432 5 4,065 5 503 4 
 
 Total 13,012 100 27,904 100 77,548 100 12,498 100 
 
 Median yr.... 7 NAp 5 NAp 5 NAp 5 NAp 
 
 NAp Not applicable. 
 
 1 Excluding job title category of office workers. 
 
 NOTE.— Owing to independent rounding, data may not add to totals shown. 
 
 Some college 
 
 College 
 degree 
 
 Unspecified 
 
 Total 
 
 tr 
 
 Workers pet Workers pet Workers pet Workers pet 
 
 3,155 
 1,862 
 1,557 
 1,884 
 3,626 
 2,132 
 523 
 514 
 
 21 
 12 
 10 
 12 
 24 
 14 
 3 
 3 
 
 1,674 
 
 1,140 
 
 821 
 
 1,093 
 
 1,925 
 
 813 
 
 361 
 
 276 
 
 21 
 14 
 10 
 13 
 24 
 10 
 4 
 3 
 
 1,785 
 1,551 
 
 675 
 1,075 
 2,163 
 1,590 
 
 595 
 3,638 
 
 14 
 
 12 
 
 5 
 
 8 
 
 17 
 
 12 
 
 5 
 
 28 
 
 31,206 
 19,523 
 14,305 
 19,383 
 36,488 
 26,332 
 8,943 
 11,210 
 
 15,254 
 4 
 
 100 
 NAp 
 
 8,103 
 4 
 
 100 
 NAp 
 
 13,072 
 5 
 
 100 
 NAp 
 
 19 
 
 12 
 
 9 
 
 12 
 
 22 
 
 16 
 
 5 
 
 7 
 
 167,391 100 
 5 NAp 
 
40 
 
 TABLE E-41.— Metal and nonmetal mining 1986 workforce estimates: 1 
 experience at company, by hours of training received in last 2 yr 
 
 Experience at Q 1 _ 8 g_ 15 16 17 _ 4Q 41 _ 80 81 _ 160 161+ unspecified Tota | Mean, h 
 
 present company, yr 
 
 0< to £1: 
 
 Wbrkers 1,965 2,821 1,145 1,509 4,003 2,006 728 712 6,356 21,245 43 
 
 pet 9 13 5 7 19 9 3 3 30 100 NAp 
 
 1< to £5: 
 
 Workers 3,922 2,209 1,066 5,203 6,030 4,186 1,987 2,191 12,922 39,718 60 
 
 pet 10 6 3 13 15 11 5 6 33 100 NAp 
 
 5< to £10: 
 
 Workers 3,544 2,199 1,150 7,940 6,439 3,748 1,580 1,300 9,428 37,328 42 
 
 pet 9 6 3 21 17 10 4 3 25 100 NAp 
 
 10< to £15: 
 
 Workers 2,240 1,470 744 4,878 4,622 1,986 1,119 773 7,045 24,878 39 
 
 pet 9 6 3 20 19 8 4 3 28 100 NAp 
 
 15< to £20: 
 
 Workers 1,449 920 593 3,126 4,492 1,211 591 390 4,352 17,124 34 
 
 pet 8 5 3 18 26 7 3 2 25 100 NAp 
 
 20 < to £25: 
 
 Workers 494 550 362 1,893 2,022 619 211 208 2,651 9,011 31 
 
 pet 564 2122722 29 100 NAp 
 
 25 < to £30: 
 
 Workers 481 233 247 1,568 1,280 322 167 177 1,674 6,147 35 
 
 pet 8 4 4 26 21 5 3 3 27 100 NAp 
 
 30<: 
 
 Workers 800 486 216 1,770 1,640 363 263 262 2,263 8,064 33 
 
 pet 10 6 3 22 20 5 3 3 28 100 NAp 
 
 Unspecified: 
 
 Workers 258 90 122 160 436 199 11 174 2,427 3,876 78 
 
 pet 7234 11 504 63 100 NAp 
 
 Total: 
 
 Workers 15,152 10,979 5,644 28,048 30,965 14,639 6,658 6,188 49,118 167,391 44 
 
 pet 9 7 3 17 18 9 4 4 29 100 NAp 
 
 NAp Not applicable. 
 
 1 Excluding job title category of office workers. 
 
 NOTE.— Owing to independent rounding, data may not add to totals shown. 
 
41 
 
 TABLE E-42.— Metal and nonmetal mining 1986 workforce estimates: 1 experience at company, by years of age 
 
 Experience at 1520 2123 24 _ 26 2729 3034 353g ^^g 5Q+ unspecified Total Mean, yr 
 present company, yr _ 
 
 0< to <1: 
 
 Workers 1,584 2,940 3,171 2,359 2,799 2,191 3,045 2,197 960 21,245 33 
 
 pet 7 14 15 11 13 10 14 10 5 100 NAp 
 
 1< to £5: 
 
 Workers 955 3,485 5,502 5,170 6,774 5,306 6,618 4,466 1,442 39,718 35 
 
 pet 2 9 14 13 17 13 17 11 4 100 NAp 
 
 5< to <10: 
 
 Workers 298 2,733 6,083 8,879 6,370 7,230 5,132 603 37,328 37 
 
 pet 1 7 16 24 17 19 14 2 100 NAp 
 
 10<to£l5: 
 
 Workers 733 6,162 6,533 6,444 4,705 302 24,878 41 
 
 pet 3 25 26 26 19 1 100 NAp 
 
 15< to <20: 
 
 Workers 456 3,784 7,818 4,900 166 17,124 46 
 
 pet 3 22 46 29 1 100 NAp 
 
 20 < to <25: 
 
 Workers 357 4,764 3,833 56 9,011 49 
 
 pet 4 53 43 1 100 NAp 
 
 25 < to <30: 
 
 Workers 1,549 4,516 82 6,147 54 
 
 pet 25 73 1 100 NAp 
 
 30<: 
 
 Workers 195 7,818 51 8,064 58 
 
 pet 2 97 1 100 NAp 
 
 Unspecified: 
 
 Workers 74 108 299 228 421 291 655 835 966 3,876 40 
 
 pet 2 3 (3 6 11 8 17 22 25 100 NAp 
 
 Total: 
 
 Workers 2,612 6,831 11,705 14,572 25,490 24,833 38,318 38,402 4,627 167,391 40 
 
 pet 2 4 7 9 15 15 23 234 3 100 NAp 
 
 NAp Not applicable. 
 
 'Excluding job title category of office workers. 
 
 NOTE.— Owing to independent rounding, data may not add to totals shown. 
 
42 
 
 TABLE E-43.— Metal and nonmetal mining 1986 workforce estimates: 1 experience at company, by sex 
 
 Experience at Male 
 
 present company, yr Workers pet 
 
 0< to <1 20,203 12 
 
 1< to <5 38,063 24 
 
 5< to £10 35,751 22 
 
 10< to £15 24,122 15 
 
 15< to £20 16,952 10 
 
 20< to <25 8,898 5 
 
 25< to <30 6,102 4 
 
 30< 8,056 5 
 
 Unspecified 3,735 2 
 
 Total 161,883 100 
 
 Median yr.... 8 NAp 
 
 NAp Not applicable. 
 
 'Excluding job title category of office workers. 
 
 NOTE. — Owing to independent rounding, data may not add to totals shown. 
 
 Female 
 
 
 Unspecified 
 
 Total 
 
 
 Workers 
 
 pet 
 
 Workers 
 
 pet 
 
 Workers 
 
 pet 
 
 866 
 
 19 
 
 176 
 
 18 
 
 21,245 
 
 13 
 
 1,399 
 
 31 
 
 255 
 
 26 
 
 39,718 
 
 24 
 
 1,424 
 
 31 
 
 153 
 
 16 
 
 37,328 
 
 22 
 
 643 
 
 14 
 
 112 
 
 11 
 
 24,878 
 
 15 
 
 85 
 
 2 
 
 88 
 
 9 
 
 17,124 
 
 10 
 
 46 
 
 1 
 
 66 
 
 7 
 
 9,011 
 
 5 
 
 21 
 
 
 
 24 
 
 2 
 
 6,147 
 
 4 
 
 8 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 8,064 
 
 5 
 
 30 
 
 1 
 
 110 
 
 11 
 
 3,876 
 
 2 
 
 4,523 
 
 100 
 
 984 
 
 100 
 
 167.391 
 
 100 
 
 5 
 
 NAp 
 
 6 
 
 NAp 
 
 8 
 
 NAp 
 
 TABLE E-44.— Metal and nonmetal mining 1986 workforce estimates: 1 experience at company, by race 
 
 Hispanic 
 
 Other 
 
 Unspecified 
 
 Total 
 
 Experience at White Black 
 present company, yr Workers pet Workers pet Workers pet Workers pet Workers pet Workers pet 
 
 0<tO<1 17,327 13 1,313 
 
 1< to £5 32,889 24 2,261 
 
 5< to <10 30,172 22 2,709 
 
 10<tO<15 20,043 15 2,547 
 
 15< to <20 13,962 10 1,433 
 
 20< to <25 7,560 6 785 
 
 25< to <30 5,380 4 391 
 
 30< 6,766 5 651 
 
 Unspecified 2,842 2 323 
 
 Total 136,940 100 12,413 
 
 Median yr.... 8 NAp 10 
 
 NAp Not applicable. 
 
 1 Excluding job title category of office workers. 
 
 NOTE.— Owing to independent rounding, data may not add to totals shown. 
 
 11 
 
 18 
 
 22 
 
 21 
 
 12 
 
 6 
 
 3 
 
 5 
 
 3 
 
 1,788 
 
 3,472 
 
 3,584 
 
 1,692 
 
 1,425 
 
 490 
 
 256 
 
 589 
 
 413 
 
 13 
 
 25 
 
 26 
 
 12 
 
 10 
 
 4 
 
 2 
 
 4 
 
 3 
 
 420 
 
 688 
 
 556 
 
 454 
 
 212 
 
 119 
 
 66 
 
 46 
 
 66 
 
 16 
 
 26 
 
 21 
 
 17 
 
 8 
 
 5 
 
 2 
 
 2 
 
 3 
 
 398 
 
 408 
 
 307 
 
 143 
 
 91 
 
 57 
 
 55 
 
 13 
 
 232 
 
 23 
 
 24 
 
 18 
 
 8 
 
 5 
 
 3 
 
 3 
 
 1 
 
 14 
 
 21,245 
 
 39,718 
 
 37,328 
 
 24,878 
 
 17,124 
 
 9,011 
 
 6,147 
 
 8,064 
 
 3,876 
 
 100 
 NAp 
 
 13.708 
 
 7 
 
 100 
 NAp 
 
 2.626 
 
 7 
 
 100 
 NAp 
 
 1,703 
 5 
 
 100 
 NAp 
 
 167,391 
 8 
 
 100 
 NAp 
 
 TABLE E-45.— Metal and nonmetal mining 1986 workforce estimates: 1 experience at company, by education 
 
 Some Some high High school 
 
 Experience at elementary school diploma 
 
 present company, yr 
 
 Workers pet Workers pet Workers pet 
 
 0<tO<1 1,281 10 3,475 12 10,117 13 
 
 1<to<5 2,311 18 6.408 23 19,079 25 
 
 5<to<10 2,342 18 5,592 20 17,165 22 
 
 10<tos15 1,905 15 3,899 14 11,672 15 
 
 15< to <20 1,678 13 3,285 12 8,072 10 
 
 20 < to < 25 836 6 1,651 6 4,472 6 
 
 25 < to < 30 971 7 1,405 5 2,418 3 
 
 30< 1,551 12 1,579 6 3,235 4 
 
 Unspecified 137 1 611 2 1,317 2 
 
 Total 13,012 100 27,904 100 77,548 100 
 
 Median yr.... 12 NAp 9 NAp 8 NAp 
 
 NAp Not applicable. 
 
 Excluding job title category of office workers. 
 
 NOTE.— Owing to independent rounding, data may not add to totals shown. 
 
 Vocational 
 diploma 
 
 Some 
 college 
 
 College 
 degree 
 
 Unspecified 
 
 Total 
 
 Workers pet Workers pet Workers pet Workers pet Workers pet 
 
 1,835 
 
 3,191 
 
 3,063 
 
 1,936 
 
 1,260 
 
 411 
 
 273 
 
 350 
 
 178 
 
 15 
 26 
 25 
 
 15 
 10 
 3 
 2 
 3 
 1 
 
 2,074 
 
 3,682 
 
 4.094 
 
 2,458 
 
 1.178 
 
 681 
 
 366 
 
 417 
 
 305 
 
 14 
 
 24 
 
 27 
 
 16 
 
 8 
 
 4 
 
 2 
 
 3 
 
 2 
 
 886 
 
 2,138 
 
 2.507 
 
 1,194 
 
 492 
 
 257 
 
 209 
 
 269 
 
 151 
 
 11 
 
 26 
 
 31 
 
 15 
 
 6 
 
 3 
 
 3 
 
 3 
 
 2 
 
 1,577 
 
 2.909 
 
 2,566 
 
 1.814 
 
 1,159 
 
 703 
 
 506 
 
 663 
 
 1.176 
 
 12 
 22 
 20 
 
 14 
 9 
 5 
 4 
 5 
 9 
 
 21.245 
 
 39,718 
 
 37,328 
 
 24.878 
 
 17,124 
 
 9,011 
 
 6.147 
 
 8,064 
 
 3,876 
 
 13 
 24 
 22 
 
 15 
 10 
 5 
 4 
 5 
 2 
 
 12,498 100 15,254 100 8,103 100 13.072 100 167,391 100 
 7 NAp 8 NAp 7 NAp 8 NAp 8 NAp 
 
43 
 
 TABLE E-46.— Metal and nonmetal mining 1986 workforce estimates: 1 age, by education 
 
 Some Some high High school Vocational Some College unsoec'f'ed T tal 
 
 A r elementary school diploma diploma college degree 
 
 Workers pet Workers pet Workers pet Workers pet Workers pet Workers pet Workers pet Workers pet 
 
 15-20 95 4 535 20 1,335 51 220 8 254 10 15 1 159 6 2,612 100 
 
 21-23 257 4 1,071 16 3,656 54 570 8 547 8 145 2 586 9 6,831 100 
 
 24-26 350 3 1,679 14 6,645 57 912 8 951 8 418 4 750 6 11,705 100 
 
 27-29 413 3 1,956 13 7,744 53 1,408 10 1,450 10 750 5 850 6 14,572 100 
 
 30-34 929 4 3,283 13 12,784 50 2,153 8 3,084 12 1,689 7 1,568 6 25,490 100 
 
 35-39 1,062 4 3,269 13 11,445 46 2,310 9 3,212 13 1,825 7 1,710 7 24,833 100 
 
 40-49 3,198 8 7,463 19 17,197 45 2,816 7 3,253 8 1,765 5 2,626 7 38,318 100 
 
 50+ 6,587 17 8,086 21 14,922 39 1,944 5 2,313 6 1,328 3 3,222 8 38,402 100 
 
 Unspecified 121 3 563 12 1,820 39 165 4 191 4 167 4 1,601 35 4,627 100 
 
 Total 13,012 8 27,904 17 77,548 46 12,498 7 15,254 9 8,103 5 13,072 8 167,391 100 
 
 Mean age yr.... 48 NAp 42 NAp 38 NAp 38 NAp 38 NAp 39 NAp 41 NAp 40 NAp 
 
 NAp Not applicable. 
 
 Excluding job title category of office workers. 
 
 NOTE.— Owing to independent rounding, data may not add to totals shown. 
 
 TABLE E-47.— Metal and nonmetal mining 1986 workforce estimates: 1 age, race, and education, by sex 
 
 Male 
 
 Workers pet 
 
 Age, yr: 
 
 15-20 2,515 2 
 
 21-23 6,505 4 
 
 24-26 11,195 7 
 
 27-29 13,859 9 
 
 30-34 24,693 15 
 
 35-39 23,948 15 
 
 40-49 37,124 23 
 
 50+ 37,623 23 
 
 Unspecified 4,421 3 
 
 Total 161,883 100 
 
 Mean age yr.... 40 NAp 
 
 Race: 
 
 White 132,846 82 
 
 Black 11,885 7 
 
 Hispanic 13,413 8 
 
 Other 2,520 2 
 
 Unspecified 1,219 1 
 
 Total 161,883 100 
 
 Education level: 
 
 Some elementary 12,823 8 
 
 Some high school 27,264 17 
 
 High school diploma 74,997 46 
 
 Vocational diploma 12,031 7 
 
 Some college 14,513 9 
 
 College degree 7,657 5 
 
 Unspecified 12,598 8 
 
 Total 161,883 100 
 
 NAp Not applicable. 
 
 'Excluding job title category of office workers. 
 
 NOTE.— Owing to independent rounding, data may not add to totals shown. 
 
 Female 
 
 Unspecified 
 
 Workers 
 
 pet 
 
 Workers 
 
 pet 
 
 Total 
 
 Workers 
 
 pet 
 
 91 
 
 2 
 
 6 
 
 1 
 
 2,612 
 
 2 
 
 203 
 
 4 
 
 123 
 
 12 
 
 6,831 
 
 4 
 
 450 
 
 10 
 
 60 
 
 6 
 
 1 1 ,705 
 
 7 
 
 613 
 
 14 
 
 100 
 
 10 
 
 14,572 
 
 9 
 
 721 
 
 16 
 
 76 
 
 8 
 
 25,490 
 
 15 
 
 765 
 
 17 
 
 121 
 
 12 
 
 24,833 
 
 15 
 
 1,005 
 
 22 
 
 189 
 
 19 
 
 38,318 
 
 23 
 
 616 
 
 14 
 
 163 
 
 17 
 
 38,402 
 
 23 
 
 59 
 
 1 
 
 146 
 
 15 
 
 4,627 
 
 3 
 
 4,523 
 37 
 
 100 
 NAp 
 
 984 
 38 
 
 4,523 
 
 100 
 
 984 
 
 4,523 
 
 100 
 
 984 
 
 100 
 NAp 
 
 100 
 
 100 
 
 167,391 
 40 
 
 167,391 
 
 167,391 
 
 100 
 NAp 
 
 3,753 
 
 83 
 
 341 
 
 35 
 
 136,940 
 
 82 
 
 419 
 
 9 
 
 110 
 
 11 
 
 12,413 
 
 7 
 
 261 
 
 6 
 
 34 
 
 3 
 
 13,708 
 
 8 
 
 76 
 
 2 
 
 30 
 
 3 
 
 2,626 
 
 2 
 
 15 
 
 
 
 470 
 
 48 
 
 1,703 
 
 1 
 
 100 
 
 152 
 
 3 
 
 36 
 
 4 
 
 13,012 
 
 8 
 
 520 
 
 11 
 
 120 
 
 12 
 
 27,904 
 
 17 
 
 2,197 
 
 49 
 
 354 
 
 36 
 
 77,548 
 
 46 
 
 338 
 
 7 
 
 129 
 
 13 
 
 12,498 
 
 7 
 
 696 
 
 15 
 
 45 
 
 5 
 
 15,254 
 
 9 
 
 387 
 
 9 
 
 60 
 
 6 
 
 8,103 
 
 5 
 
 234 
 
 5 
 
 240 
 
 24 
 
 13,072 
 
 8 
 
 100 
 
44 
 
 TABLE E-48.— Metal and nonmetal mining 1986 workforce estimates: 1 age and education, by race 
 
 White Black 
 
 Workers pet 
 
 Age, yr: 
 
 15-20 2,198 2 
 
 21-23 5,516 4 
 
 24-26 9,411 7 
 
 27-29 11,961 9 
 
 30-34 20,690 15 
 
 35-39 20,248 15 
 
 40-49 30,941 23 
 
 50+ 32,264 24 
 
 Unspecified 3,531 3 
 
 Total 136,940 100 12,413 
 
 Mean age yr.... 40 NAp 41 
 
 Education level: 
 
 Some elementary 8,546 6 1,969 
 
 Some high school 21,100 15 3,354 
 
 High school diploma 66,214 48 4,614 
 
 Vocational diploma 10,746 8 613 
 
 Some college 13,240 10 520 
 
 College degree 7,534 6 120 
 
 Unspecified 9,560 7 1,223 
 
 Total 136,940 100 12,413 
 
 NAp Not applicable. 
 
 Excluding job title category of office workers. 
 
 NOTE. — Owing to independent rounding, data may not add to totals shown 
 
 Hispanic 
 
 Other 
 
 Unspecified 
 
 Total 
 
 Workers 
 
 pet 
 
 Workers 
 
 pet 
 
 Workers 
 
 pet 
 
 Workers 
 
 pet 
 
 Workers 
 
 pet 
 
 163 
 
 1 
 
 189 
 
 1 
 
 43 
 
 2 
 
 19 
 
 1 
 
 2,612 
 
 2 
 
 368 
 
 3 
 
 689 
 
 5 
 
 107 
 
 4 
 
 152 
 
 9 
 
 6,831 
 
 4 
 
 664 
 
 5 
 
 1,240 
 
 9 
 
 255 
 
 10 
 
 135 
 
 8 
 
 11,705 
 
 7 
 
 939 
 
 8 
 
 1,272 
 
 9 
 
 252 
 
 10 
 
 148 
 
 9 
 
 14,572 
 
 9 
 
 2,024 
 
 16 
 
 2,098 
 
 15 
 
 437 
 
 17 
 
 241 
 
 14 
 
 25,490 
 
 15 
 
 1,801 
 
 15 
 
 2,100 
 
 15 
 
 340 
 
 13 
 
 165 
 
 10 
 
 24,833 
 
 15 
 
 3,429 
 
 28 
 
 3,121 
 
 23 
 
 572 
 
 22 
 
 256 
 
 15 
 
 38,318 
 
 23 
 
 2,946 
 
 24 
 
 2,444 
 
 18 
 
 539 
 
 21 
 
 208 
 
 12 
 
 38,402 
 
 23 
 
 81 
 
 1 
 
 556 
 
 4 
 
 80 
 
 3 
 
 379 
 
 22 
 
 4,627 
 
 3 
 
 100 13,708 100 2,626 100 1,703 100 167,391 100 
 NAp 38 NAp 39 NAp 36 NAp 40 NAp 
 
 16 
 
 2,325 
 
 17 
 
 152 
 
 6 
 
 18 
 
 1 
 
 13,012 
 
 8 
 
 27 
 
 2,748 
 
 20 
 
 499 
 
 19 
 
 204 
 
 12 
 
 27,904 
 
 17 
 
 37 
 
 5,122 
 
 37 
 
 1,174 
 
 45 
 
 424 
 
 25 
 
 77,548 
 
 46 
 
 5 
 
 722 
 
 5 
 
 257 
 
 10 
 
 160 
 
 9 
 
 12,498 
 
 7 
 
 4 
 
 1,119 
 
 8 
 
 297 
 
 11 
 
 79 
 
 5 
 
 15,254 
 
 9 
 
 1 
 
 191 
 
 1 
 
 112 
 
 4 
 
 146 
 
 9 
 
 8,103 
 
 5 
 
 10 
 
 1,481 
 
 11 
 
 135 
 
 5 
 
 673 
 
 39 
 
 13,072 
 
 8 
 
 100 13,708 100 2,626 
 
 100 
 
 1,703 
 
 100 167,391 
 
 100 
 
 TABLE E-49. — Metal and nonmetal mining 1986 workforce estimates: number of workers 
 and coefficient of variation— employment size class, by type of ore mined 
 
 Employment size Metal Stone Sand and gravel Nonmetal All 
 
 class1 Workers CV, pet Workers CV, pet Workers CV, pet Workers CV, pet Workers CV, pet 
 
 1-19 1,771 1_6.0 18,511 4.4 25,200 3.3 3.825 5.4 49,307 2.4 
 
 20-49 1,695 27.3 17,215 7.8 9,117 14.1 4,062 8.9 32.088 3.9 
 
 50-99 2,101 15.5 10,145 6.0 2,444 9.7 4,360 7.4 19,050 5.4 
 
 100-249 7,715 6.6 23.219 3.4 339 5.7 9,049 7.3 40,322 4.0 
 
 250-499 5,590 1.0 3,726 .8 .0 5,514 6.3 14,829 2.3 
 
 500+ 1 7,068 .5 540 5.4 XI 6,625 1 .8 24,233 .7 
 
 All groupings 35,940 1.4 73,357 1.1 37,100 3.0 33,434 2.9 179,831 B_ 
 
 ^SHA size groups are based on the annual average employment of the primary subunit and not on the total employment; hence. MSHA published injury 
 statistics by size groups should not be analyzed against these data. 
 
 NOTE.— Owing to independent rounding, the data for individual entries on number of workers may not equal total shown. 
 
45 
 
 TABLE E-50.— Metal and nonmetal mining 1986 workforce estimates: number of workers 
 
 and coefficient of variation— job title, by type of ore mined 
 
 Metal Stone Sand and gravel Nonmetal All 
 
 Job title grouping 1 
 
 Workers CV, pet Workers CV, pet Workers CV, pet Workers CV, pet Workers CV, pet 
 
 Backhoe-crane-dragline-shovel operator 557 28.6 2,118 7.4 1,279 13.1 983 11.4 4,937 6.8 
 
 Beltman-belt repairman 127 69.1 319 11.0 208 20.8 146 52.0 800 13.8 
 
 Blaster 189 26.2 336 11.7 3 100.0 77 50.4 605 12.9 
 
 Deckhand-barge and dredge operator 12 65.8 171 37.3 853 7.5 68 13.1 1,103 10.9 
 
 Dozer-heavy and mobile equipment operator. 1,040 10.2 1,775 7.2 1,381 13.4 1,092 8.6 5,288 4.1 
 
 Driller-rock bolter 1,029 12.2 2,058 2.8 56 33.2 558 17.7 3,700 4.7 
 
 Electrician-lampman 1,663 7.8 1,433 4.3 75 21.0 608 13.3 3,780 4.9 
 
 Front-end loader-forklift operator 629 13.2 6,095 4.2 5,933 4.7 1,286 10.5 13,942 3.8 
 
 Grader-scraper operator 195 28.9 415 20.4 352 30.5 361 27.8 1,323 11.8 
 
 Uborer-miner-utility man 4,284 7.0 8,771 3.9 2,918 5.7 4,046 8.5 20,109 4.3 
 
 Manager-foreman-supervisor: 
 
 General 1,558 6.8 4,543 3.2 3,466 2.6 2,152 5.0 11,719 2.2 
 
 Maintenance 537 19.1 708 8.1 40 17.3 537 12.1 1,821 4.9 
 
 Working 1,874 9.9 2,362 5.8 387 15.7 1,519 13.4 6,143 5.0 
 
 Mechanic-welder-oiler-machinist 7,857 3.6 11,458 2.8 3,299 4.4 5,929 5.5 28,543 2.3 
 
 Mine technical support 4,076 7.3 4,524 3.9 1,439 13.4 3,000 11.2 13,038 3.6 
 
 Office worker 1,886 9.7 5,010 5.6 3,188 8.9 2,356 4.1 12,440 3.4 
 
 Plant operator-warehouseman 5,275 2.4 11,377 1.9 3,918 2.5 6,742 4.0 27,312 1.5 
 
 Shuttle car-tram operator 968 14.5 213 26.5 32 42.7 394 22.7 1,607 9.8 
 
 Stonecutter-finisher .0 864 21.2 .0 15 100.0 879 20.5 
 
 Truck driver 2,184 8.4 8,808 3.6 8,274 9.5 1,565 12.0 20,830 3.5 
 
 All groupings 35,940 1.4 73,357 1.1 37,100 3.0 33,434 2.9 179,831 .8_ 
 
 1 As defined by MSHA; see appendix A for detailed explanation of job title groupings. 
 
 NOTE.— Owing to independent rounding, the data for individual entries on number of workers may not equal total shown. 
 
 TABLE E-51.— Metal and nonmetal mining 1986 workforce estimates: 1 number of workers 
 and coefficient of variation— principal equipment operated, by type of ore mined 
 
 Metal Stone Sand and gravel Nonmetal 
 
 Equipment operated grouping 2 
 
 Workers CV, pet Workers CV, pe t Workers 
 
 Backhoe-crane-dragline-shovel 650 22.9 2,228 6.6 
 
 Belt 127 69.1 404 9.8 
 
 Dozer-heavy and mobile equipment 961 11.0 1,616 9.7 
 
 Drill (underground)-rock bolter 823 19.0 485 25.8 
 
 Drill (surface) 328 16.1 1,898 4.3 
 
 Explosives 175 29.3 332 11.4 
 
 Front-end loader-forklift 1,003 8.7 7,538 4.0 
 
 Grader-scraper 195 28.9 427 19.8 
 
 Handtools (powered and nonpowered) 7,888 2.3 10,370 3.8 
 
 Hoist-elevator 221 16.2 36 62.1 
 
 Many equipment 567 33.5 684 14.5 
 
 Miscellaneous utility equipment 2,371 11.0 5,423 6.5 
 
 Plant equipment 4,036 5.9 9,105 1.8 
 
 Pump 195 38.4 168 23.9 
 
 Scale-lab equipment-controls 1,772 13.1 3,316 4.9 
 
 Shuttle car-locomotive 1,050 9.8 312 18.9 
 
 Stone cutting-finishing machine .0 868 20.7 
 
 Truck (haulage) 2,299 7.5 9,119 3.6 
 
 Truck (utility)-personnel carrier 1,080 12.6 989 7.4 
 
 Welding machine-lathe 1,632 10.3 2,904 5.9 
 
 None 6,212 4.9 9,235 3.1 
 
 Not elsewhere classified 294 34.0 193 33.5 
 
 Unspecified 174 36.8 695 14.0 
 
 All groupings 34,054 1.6 68,347 1.3 33,912 2.6 31,078 
 
 Excluding job title category of office workers. 
 
 2 See appendix B for detailed explanation of equipment operated grouping. 
 
 NOTE.— Owing to independent rounding, the data for individual entries on number of workers may not equal total shown. 
 
 All 
 
 Workers 
 
 CV, pet 
 
 Workers 
 
 CV, pet 
 
 Workers 
 
 CV, pet 
 
 1,323 
 
 10.8 
 
 887 
 
 9.7 
 
 5,088 
 
 5.9 
 
 247 
 
 24.9 
 
 157 
 
 47.0 
 
 936 
 
 13.3 
 
 1,164 
 
 8.1 
 
 1,102 
 
 14.1 
 
 4,843 
 
 4.8 
 
 3 
 
 100.0 
 
 275 
 
 30.7 
 
 1,586 
 
 16.2 
 
 52 
 
 37.4 
 
 313 
 
 25.3 
 
 2,591 
 
 6.2 
 
 3 
 
 100.0 
 
 77 
 
 50.4 
 
 588 
 
 13.3 
 
 6,640 
 
 4.9 
 
 1,915 
 
 6.1 
 
 17,096 
 
 3.2 
 
 400 
 
 25.7 
 
 506 
 
 17.9 
 
 1,529 
 
 8.7 
 
 2,787 
 
 4.9 
 
 6,564 
 
 7.3 
 
 27,609 
 
 1.7 
 
 
 
 .0 
 
 203 
 
 43.6 
 
 460 
 
 23.3 
 
 326 
 
 20.9 
 
 840 
 
 9.4 
 
 2,417 
 
 4.3 
 
 1,733 
 
 9.6 
 
 1,915 
 
 10.8 
 
 11,442 
 
 6.2 
 
 5,045 
 
 3.7 
 
 5,304 
 
 4.0 
 
 23,489 
 
 1.6 
 
 216 
 
 18.0 
 
 179 
 
 37.4 
 
 758 
 
 9.0 
 
 985 
 
 18.0 
 
 1,506 
 
 7.0 
 
 7,579 
 
 4.8 
 
 21 
 
 48.8 
 
 389 
 
 13.6 
 
 1,772 
 
 4.9 
 
 
 
 .0 
 
 15 
 
 106.9 
 
 883 
 
 19.9 
 
 8,501 
 
 9.0 
 
 1,570 
 
 12.1 
 
 21 ,488 
 
 3.5 
 
 211 
 
 13.5 
 
 604 
 
 18.3 
 
 2,885 
 
 5.3 
 
 808 
 
 11.3 
 
 443 
 
 21.0 
 
 5,787 
 
 4.3 
 
 3,300 
 
 3.7 
 
 5,837 
 
 5.3 
 
 24,584 
 
 2.6 
 
 57 
 
 58.1 
 
 145 
 
 28.9 
 
 689 
 
 21.9 
 
 90 
 
 27.1 
 
 333 
 
 28.4 
 
 1,292 
 
 10.3 
 
 2.9 167,391 
 
46 
 
 TABLE E-52.— Metal and nonmetal mining 1986 workforce estimates: number of workers 
 and coefficient of variation— work location at mine, by type of ore mined 
 
 Work location 
 
 Metal 
 
 Stone 
 
 Sand and gravel 
 
 Nonmetal 
 
 All 
 
 Workers 
 
 CV, pet 
 
 Workers 
 
 CV, pet 
 
 Workers 
 
 CV, pet 
 
 Workers 
 
 CV, pet 
 
 Workers 
 
 CV, pet 
 
 4,980 
 
 8.9 
 
 1,094 
 
 11.7 
 
 
 
 .0 
 
 3,643 
 
 5.5 
 
 9,717 
 
 3.4 
 
 1,756 
 
 6.5 
 
 658 
 
 16.0 
 
 
 
 .0 
 
 1,783 
 
 6.3 
 
 4,197 
 
 4.0 
 
 10,992 
 
 2.8 
 
 35,742 
 
 1.7 
 
 26,631 
 
 2.7 
 
 11,208 
 
 3.1 
 
 84,572 
 
 .9 
 
 15,126 
 
 3.8 
 
 28,546 
 
 3.1 
 
 6,026 
 
 8.3 
 
 13,634 
 
 5.6 
 
 63,332 
 
 2.4 
 
 3,087 
 
 6.3 
 
 7,316 
 
 4.0 
 
 4,443 
 
 8.5 
 
 3,167 
 
 6.5 
 
 18,012 
 
 3.0 
 
 Underground mine 
 
 Surface at underground mine 
 
 Surface mine 
 
 Plant or mill 
 
 Office 
 
 All groupings 35,940 
 
 1.4 
 
 73,357 
 
 1.1 
 
 37,100 
 
 3.0 
 
 33,434 
 
 2.9 
 
 179,831 
 
 NOTE.— Owing to independent rounding, the data for individual entries on number of workers may not equal total shown. 
 
 TABLE E-53.— Metal and nonmetal mining 1986 workforce estimates: 1 number of workers 
 and coefficient of variation — experience at job, company, and mining, by type of ore mined 
 
 Metal Stone Sand and gravel Nonmetal 
 
 Experience, yr 
 
 Workers CV, pet Workers CV, pet Workers CV, pet Workers CV, pet 
 
 At present job: 
 
 0<to<1 6,616 7.2 13,067 4.7 6,625 5.9 4,900 9.0 
 
 1< to £2 3,665 7.2 8,365 3.7 3,812 5.1 3,681 8.8 
 
 2< to £3 2,764 3.4 6,185 4.9 3,214 4.3 2,142 11.2 
 
 3< to <5 3,349 4.9 8,392 5.9 3,932 2.4 3,711 5.4 
 
 5<to<10 8,223 5.2 14,212 3.8 5,856 7.0 8,197 5.8 
 
 10< to <20 6,492 3.2 9,702 6.0 4,884 4.8 5,253 7.8 
 
 20< 2,117 10.0 3,814 8.9 2,172 5.3 841 12.8 
 
 Unspecified 828 15.7 4,611 15.2 3,417 15.8 2,353 17.1 
 
 All groupings 34,054 1.6 68,347 1.3 33.912 2.6 31,078 2.9 
 
 At present company: 
 
 0<to<1 4,312 7.4 8,741 4.1 5,818 5.1 2,375 10.0 
 
 1<to<5 5.915 5.7 16,500 3.5 10,698 4.9 6,604 5.5 
 
 5<to<10 7,713 4.2 14,282 2.6 6,642 5.4 8,691 7.2 
 
 10<to<15 5,568 4.1 9,269 3.8 3,934 4.0 6,108 4.5 
 
 15< to <20 5,064 7.3 6,670 5.4 2.418 8.8 2,972 7.4 
 
 20< to <25 £.188 5.7 3,550 4.8 1,281 10.6 1,992 9.3 
 
 25< to <30 1,482 6.8 2,867 9.0 883 11.1 914 7.4 
 
 30< 1,552 6.0 4.126 9.3 999 17.0 1,387 9.2 
 
 Unspecified 260 40.5 2,343 19.2 1,238 20.9 35 54.3 
 
 All groupings 34,054 1.6 68,347 1.3 33.912 2.6 31,078 2.9 
 
 Total mining: 
 
 0<tos1 1,524 11.3 6,577 4.3 3.439 6.6 1,426 11.7 
 
 1< to <5 3,830 5.0 12,337 3.2 7.375 3.6 4.684 7.3 
 
 5<to<10 7,141 3.3 13.951 3.6 5,852 6.4 7,505 9.1 
 
 10<to<15 6,413 3.4 9,500 3.6 3,835 4.0 5,713 6.4 
 
 15< to <20 5,751 6.0 6,994 3.7 2,466 8.3 2.945 7.3 
 
 20< to <25 2.740 7.4 3.955 4.0 1,361 11.5 1.723 10.1 
 
 25< to <30 1.740 9.7 3.037 7.5 912 6.3 884 11.8 
 
 30< 1,883 6.7 4,269 6.6 1,114 13.8 1.424 10.3 
 
 Unspecified 3,032 4.6 7,727 8 .0 7.558 11.8 4.774 9.5 
 
 All groupings 34,054 1.6 68.347 1.3 33.912 2.6 31.078 2.9 
 
 'Excluding job title category of office workers. 
 
 NOTE. — Owing to independent rounding, the data for individual entries on number of workers may not equal total shown. 
 
 All 
 
 Workers CV, pet 
 
 31,206 
 
 2.5 
 
 19,523 
 
 3.4 
 
 14,305 
 
 2.6 
 
 19,383 
 
 2.9 
 
 36.488 
 
 2.2 
 
 26,332 
 
 3.3 
 
 8,943 
 
 3.7 
 
 11,210 
 
 6.5 
 
 167.391 
 
 21,245 
 
 3.0 
 
 39,718 
 
 1.8 
 
 37,328 
 
 1.4 
 
 24,878 
 
 1.7 
 
 17,124 
 
 3.4 
 
 9,011 
 
 3.1 
 
 6,147 
 
 6.2 
 
 8,064 
 
 7.8 
 
 3,876 
 
 13.7 
 
 167,391 
 
 12,966 
 
 2.4 
 
 28,226 
 
 2.2 
 
 34.448 
 
 1.8 
 
 25,461 
 
 2.4 
 
 18.156 
 
 2.8 
 
 9.779 
 
 5.4 
 
 6.573 
 
 5.0 
 
 8.691 
 
 6.6 
 
 23.091 
 
 4.8 
 
 167.391 
 
47 
 
 TABLE E-54. — Metal and nonmetal mining 1986 workforce estimates: 1 number of workers 
 and coefficient of variation— training received, by type of ore mined 
 
 Job training for last Metal Stone Sand and gravel Nonmetal A " 
 2vr - " Workers CV, pet Workers CV, pet Workers CV, pet Workers CV, pet Workers CV, pet 
 
 1,667 7.9 5,175 15.3 6,132 9.0 2,178 25.5 15,152 6.3 
 
 1-8 1,227 16.3 5,879 12.2 2,509 11.7 1,363 20.1 10,979 6.9 
 
 9-15 1,132 7.1 3,230 9.0 902 13.0 381 21.6 5,644 6.9 
 
 16 5,046 6.3 11,632 6.3 4,238 8.9 7,132 5.3 28,048 3.6 
 
 17-40 11,535 4.2 9,985 7.1 3,759 13.5 5,685 9.8 30,965 2.9 
 
 41-80 2,691 9.9 5,554 6.5 2,786 8.1 3,609 7.7 14,639 3.6 
 
 81-160 924 12.4 3,522 6.6 947 9.6 1,265 13.0 6,658 4.5 
 
 161 + 2,035 5.8 2,488 14.2 733 5.8 931 20.1 6,188 6.0 
 
 Unspecified 7,798 3.0 20,883 7.3 11,905 7.8 8,532 7.2 49,118 3.9 
 
 All groupings 34,054 1.6 68,347 1.3 33,912 2.6 31,078 2.9 167,391 .9 
 
 'Excluding job title category of office workers. 
 
 NOTE— Owing to independent rounding, the data for individual entries on number of workers may not equal total shown. 
 
 TABLE E-55.— Metal and nonmetal mining 1986 workforce estimates: 1 number of workers 
 and coefficient of variation— age, by type of ore mined 
 
 Metal Stone Sand and gravel Nonmetal All 
 
 Age, yr 
 
 Workers CV, pet Workers CV, pet Workers CV, pet Workers CV, pet Workers CV, pet 
 
 15-20 317 15.1 1,220 7.0 722 12.3 353 28.2 2,612 6.2 
 
 21-23 711 10.3 3,214 3.1 1,745 10.9 1,162 13.0 6,831 4.2 
 
 24-26 1,433 6.8 4,992 4.0 2,881 7.0 2,400 6.7 11,705 2.7 
 
 27-29 2,511 7.5 6,005 4.7 2,920 7.2 3,137 12.7 14,572 3.3 
 
 30-34 5,564 4.9 9,988 2.7 4,514 4.4 5,424 5.5 25,490 1.5 
 
 35-39 6,171 2.9 9,458 3.6 4,323 2.4 4,881 7.0 24,833 1.3 
 
 40-49 9,559 2.1 15,250 2.6 6,583 4.8 6,926 5.3 38,318 1.5 
 
 50+ 7,482 3.4 16,466 4.0 7,821 4.7 6,632 2.2 38,402 2.2 
 
 Unspecified 308 7.6 1,754 19.0 2,404 16.2 162 40.5 4,627 8.8 
 
 All groupings 34,054 1.6 68,347 1.3 33,912 2.6 31,078 2.9 167,391 .9 
 
 1 Excluding job title category of office workers. 
 
 NOTE. — Owing to independent rounding, the data for individual entries on number of workers may not equal total shown. 
 
48 
 
 TABLE E-56.— Metal and non metal mining 1986 workforce estimates: 1 number of workers 
 and coefficient of variation— sex, race, and education, by type of ore mined 
 
 Metal Stone Sand and gravel Nonmetal 
 
 Workers CV, pet Workers CV, pet Workers CV, pet Workers CV, pet 
 
 Sex: 
 
 Male 32,735 1.7 66,326 1.4 32,949 2.6 29,873 2.7 
 
 Female 1,182 10.6 1,490 6.9 790 13.2 1,061 18.9 
 
 Unspecified 136 51.9 531 25.3 174 32.2 143 48.3 
 
 All groupings 34,054 1.6 68,347 1.3 33,912 2.6 31,078 2.9 
 
 Race: 
 
 White 28,798 2.3 56,171 1.4 28,644 2.8 23,327 3.7 
 
 Black 793 20.3 5,119 14.1 1,742 9.0 4,758 6.8 
 
 Hispanic 3,469 7.1 5,353 7.1 2,448 8.7 2,439 7.6 
 
 Other 671 8.6 1,101 15.5 456 12.4 399 11.8 
 
 Unspecified 324 31.8 603 31.3 622 33.2 154 38.1 
 
 All groupings 34,054 1.6 68,347 1.3 33,912 2.6 31,078 2.9 
 
 Education level: 
 
 Some elementary 1,682 14.8 6,349 8.5 2,812 11.1 2,168 9.4 
 
 Some high school 3,650 7.2 13,068 4.0 6,030 6.9 5,155 8.0 
 
 High school diploma 15,733 1.7 31,371 4.1 15,792 4.4 14,652 3.8 
 
 Vocational diploma 3,243 7.3 4,520 9.7 2,171 12.8 2,563 14.2 
 
 Some college 5,425 1.6 5,120 7.7 2,212 6.1 2,497 12.9 
 
 College degree 3,079 8.1 2,549 3.9 879 11.2 1,596 11.3 
 
 Unspecified 1,242 12.8 5,370 15.1 4,015 10.8 2,445 15.7 
 
 All groupings 34,054 1.6 68,347 1.3 33,912 2.6 31,078 2.9 
 
 'Excluding job title category of office workers. 
 
 NOTE. — Owing to independent rounding, the data for individual entries on number of workers may not equal total shown. 
 
 All 
 
 Workers CV, pet 
 
 161,883 .9 
 
 4,523 3.4 
 
 984 19.6 
 
 167,391 
 
 136,940 
 
 12,413 
 
 13,708 
 
 2.626 
 
 1,703 
 
 167,391 
 
 167,391 
 
 .9 
 
 .9 
 
 7.2 
 
 2.2 
 
 8.2 
 
 15.3 
 
 .9 
 
 13,012 
 
 4.1 
 
 27,904 
 
 2.5 
 
 77,548 
 
 1.7 
 
 12,498 
 
 5.5 
 
 15,254 
 
 2.2 
 
 8,103 
 
 3.9 
 
 13,072 
 
 6.7 
 
49 
 
 APPENDIX R— MINING INDUSTRY POPULATION SURVEY LETTERS AND 
 
 QUESTIONNAIRE 
 
United States Department of the Interior 
 
 BUREAU OF MINES 
 
 2401 E STREET, NW. 
 
 WASHINGTON, D.C. 20241 
 
 Dear Mine Manager: 
 
 The Bureau of Mines, U.S. Department of the Interior, is requesting your help 
 in conducting a survey of the mining industry. The survey is designed to char- 
 acterize the nation's mine-worker population by occupation, job experience, 
 training, age, and other factors. These data are necessary to accurately ana- 
 lyze the nation's mine accidents. At this time, the information sought by 
 this survey cannot be obtained from any other source. 
 
 Your firm was randomly selected to represent firms of a similar size in your 
 industry. Although your response to this survey is voluntary, the validity of 
 the results depends upon a very high response rate. We urge you, therefore, 
 to respond as completely and accurately as possible based upon information 
 from your personnel files, management records, or direct response from indi- 
 vidual workers at your mine. 
 
 Under no circumstances will the information you provide be identified by 
 individual mine, company, or worker. The data will be used for statistical 
 purposes only and the results of the survey when analyzed with accident statis- 
 tics will be made available to the public in the form of official publications. 
 
 Instructions for completing the survey questionnaire are on the enclosed survey 
 form. Questions regarding the survey should be directed to: 
 
 Ms. Shail Butani 
 
 Bureau of Mines 
 
 5629 Minnehaha Avenue South 
 
 Minneapolis, MN 55417 
 
 Telephone: (612) 725-4500 
 
 Thank you for your time and effort. 
 
 (Note: Collect calls regarding 
 this survey will be accepted during 
 regular business hours, 8:00 a.m. to 
 4:00 p.m., Central Time.) 
 
 Sincerely, 
 
 JrrU 
 
 Director 
 
 Enclosure 
 
United States Department of the Interior 
 
 BUREAU OF MINES 
 
 2401 E STREET, NW. 
 
 WASHINGTON, D.C. 20241 
 
 Dear Employer: 
 
 Recently, we wrote to you requesting your help in obtaining data for a survey 
 for the raining industry. This information will he used to produce the 
 characteristics of the nation's mine-worker population in order to analyze the 
 nation's mine accident data more accurately. We have not yet received your 
 response and have enclosed an additional survey questionnaire in case the 
 original was misplaced or did not reach you. 
 
 Because your firm was randomly selected to represent firms of a similar size 
 in your industry, we are making every effort to obtain your response to ensure 
 a true representation of those firms. Your response is strictly confidential 
 and will be used for statistical purposes only. 
 
 If you have any questions, please refer to the instructions on the first page 
 of the questionnaire or call collect, Ms. Shail Butani at 612-725-4500. If 
 you prefer, you may report your information directly by telephone. A response 
 during the next 2 weeks would be great assistance to the survey. 
 
 Thank you for your help and support in the Bureau's effort to characterize the 
 mine -worker population. 
 
 Sincerely, 
 
 / ' Director 
 
 v>*76m. 
 
 Enclosure 
 

 
 
 3 
 
 
 
 2 
 
 o 
 
 CO 
 
 
 
 c 
 
 O 
 
 © 
 
 3 
 C 
 
 
 CO 
 
 sz 
 
 <1> 
 
 z 
 
 c 
 
 o 
 
 > 
 < 
 CO 
 
 < 
 
 s 
 
 (0 
 
 
 =3 
 
 o 
 
 11) 
 
 X 
 (0 
 
 CD 
 
 3 
 
 co 
 
 cc 
 
 <o 
 
 sz 
 © 
 
 < 
 I 
 CO 
 
 3 
 
 CO 
 
 
 c 
 
 i 
 
 
 
 c 
 
 en 
 
 CO CO J 
 S3* 
 
 CM 
 
 to 
 
 ID 
 
 
 o 
 
 
 o 
 
 
 in 
 
 
 7 
 
 
 in 
 
 
 CM 
 
 r- 
 
 r- 
 
 
 
 *r 
 
 CM 
 
 in 
 
 
 in 
 
 £ 
 
 Z 
 
 5 
 
 (- 
 
 o 
 
 - 
 
 ID 
 
 CO 
 
 _l 
 
 o 
 
 a 
 
 -1 
 
 o 
 
 to 
 
 o 
 
 
 -i 
 
 c 
 
 _i 
 
 
 < 
 
 i 
 
 o 
 
 
 CD 
 
 
 03 
 
 ao 
 
 CD 
 
 O) 
 
 T— 
 
 o 
 
 ^^ 
 
 o 
 
 o 
 
 
 CO 
 
 en 
 
 
 
 a> 
 
 CN 
 
 
 
 a 
 
 
 X 
 
 o 
 
 LU 
 
 z 
 
 TO 
 
 
 > 
 
 CD 
 
 O 
 
 
 
 2 
 
 Q. 
 
 
 a 
 
 o< 
 
 >- 
 
 AC 
 
 H 
 (0 
 
 a 
 
 a 
 
 z 
 
 z 
 
 I 
 
 >- 
 
 LU 
 > 
 AC 
 3 
 (0 
 
 z 
 o 
 
 3 
 
 o 
 
 a. 
 
 
 £ 
 
 
 
 3 
 
 
 h_ 
 
 O 
 
 
 0) 
 
 CO 
 
 
 LU 
 
 CD 
 3 
 
 Is. 
 
 z u 
 
 C 
 
 
 5-g 
 
 CD 
 > 
 
 
 u- to 
 
 < 
 
 ir> 
 
 o © 
 
 CO 
 
 z 
 
 w to 
 
 CO 
 
 ^8 
 
 < cc 
 
 HI to 
 
 
 
 c 
 
 «!§ 
 
 DC 
 
 m <-> 
 
 5 
 
 
 ■ c 
 
 a> 
 
 c CM 
 
 51 
 
 CNJ 
 CD 
 ID 
 
 ^2. 
 
 • CD C 
 o "" ° 
 
 © ?to 
 o c E 
 
 £ £ © 
 c to k 
 
 tD T3 ° 
 
 O © 
 
 **- o -*- 
 
 CD © SP, 
 CO >- © 
 
 3 0)?, 
 
 *- > ST 
 
 O 33 CD 
 c to "- 
 
 Q«.2 
 
 .Eto 
 
 -EE 
 
 ©tj ^ 
 
 ■S * ° 
 J5 > c 
 
 CD h- -C 
 
 co ._ *— 
 a, a « 
 .c o £ 
 
 £"° c 
 
 O c to 
 c ©^ 
 
 o o 
 
 CO © 
 
 o ° 
 
 X) 
 
 
 CD 10 
 
 51 
 
 CD 
 
 IB 01 
 
 eg | 
 
 E to -r 
 Eg 
 
 go© 
 c £ o 
 .2 cno. 
 
 £ o 
 
 o 
 
 0) 
 
 to" 
 
 CD 
 
 sz 
 in 
 
 CO 
 CD 
 
 E 
 co 
 
 CO 
 
 CD 
 
 JO 
 
 co 
 
 h- 
 <D 
 
 Sr- 1 
 
 O to 
 CD — 
 
 x: 
 
 *" c 
 
 c o 
 
 Dix!" 
 c c ■ 
 
 O ;= CO XI 
 
 ~^" X: 3 
 
 c x o 
 
 O © -C 
 
 §£" 
 
 ° « s 
 
 o *- x: 
 
 C fl) = K 
 
 •g > co .. 
 
 ° O — 
 
 co E 3 z 
 
 _- © o ■ 
 
 2 sz c c 
 
 a> co 2-i= 
 
 C3) CD - CO 
 
 co 
 
 CD 
 
 O 
 5 
 
 c co 
 
 o 
 
 Q. 
 
 E 
 
 >, - 
 
 (Or O Q 
 
 c £ o o 
 
 'Hi 
 
 o. o 
 « p r- 
 
 CO 
 
 © m 2 £ 5 
 
 C -n • — 
 
 2 •£: O 
 
 >» CO o 
 
 — > f= © 
 
 o w 
 <2 Et 
 
 X O CO 
 
 (0 
 
 Z 
 
 o 
 
 I- 
 o 
 
 CC 
 
 }- 
 
 — t-^ c\i co 
 
 E ^ "o.2 
 
 £ « ©T3 
 
 .!2«cS g 
 
 -C to 3 z: 
 H< criS 
 
 c 
 E 
 
 — to 
 
 3- rat: 
 
 o . E w 
 _to co ■£ 
 
 E §2 © 
 
 © c 2- o 
 
 ojEl 
 
 O © <D 
 
 -<= CD-2 
 
 m m -^ E 
 
 »- J) i. r 
 
 © ^ cd£ 
 j2 E -° ro 
 CO 3 E o 
 — C 3 -S 
 
 «.£Cr 
 
 2 E © E 
 iS^ ct2 
 
 J3 .t: CD 
 
 O 5 WD 
 
 5 
 o 
 
 Q) 
 Si 
 X 
 
 o 
 a> 
 
 1st 
 
 C 
 (I) 
 
 E 
 > 
 
 o 
 a 
 
 E 
 
 CD 
 CD 
 
 a. 
 o 
 
 k- 
 a 
 a 
 
 CO 
 
 sz 
 
 k. 
 
 co 
 E 
 to 
 
 CD 
 CD 
 > 
 
 _o 
 a 
 
 E 
 
 ■ CD 
 
 I o 
 
 © o 
 © "§ 
 
 > E 
 
 O 3 
 Q. C 
 
 E« 
 » o 
 
 CD *- 
 SZ CD 
 
 ** x: 
 c *- 
 o c 
 i- o 
 
 2>"° 
 
 c © 
 
 c CO 
 
 -Q O 
 
 co 
 
 ID 
 
 o 
 
 ,_ o - i- t- p 
 
 C3) ^ 
 
 «; J 
 
 co *- 
 
 ^-* O) 
 
 ^r ^ 
 
 6 ^ 
 
 Z 6 
 
 ? z 
 
 o © 
 
 |2 
 
 o E 
 
 E © 
 
 • CM 
 
 • a> 
 
 TJ- CM 
 
 co cm m 
 
 . ID Is- 
 
 is. . . 
 
 CM CM ID 
 
 . co •* 
 
 rs. 
 
 CM ID 
 
 (s. ~— — 
 
 — - CM ID 
 
 ts. v- ,- 
 
 6 6 6 
 
 z z z 
 
 CD CD 
 
 
 
 > > > 
 
 o o o 
 
 a. a a 
 
 E E E 
 000 
 
 sz sz sz 
 
 > sz ~ .t: .t: 
 
 co" 
 M cm" 
 
 F 
 
 co 
 
 3 
 
 
 
 z 
 
 
 > 
 
 C 
 
 o 
 
 o 
 
 a 
 
 1 
 
 E 
 
 
 
 
 — 
 
 CO 
 
 < 
 
 r g 
 
 co '+- 
 
 « co 
 
 « 
 
 O © 
 
 £2 
 
 © 
 
 sz sz 
 
 O ID 
 
 5 ? $ 
 
 O) O) O) 
 
 E E E 
 
 r c r 
 
 CO CO CO 
 
 (0 CO to 
 
 
 
 
 
 >> > > 
 
 o o o 
 
 o. a o. 
 
 E E E 
 
 
 
 SZ SZ SZ 
 
 o o o 
 
 t- CM CO 
 
 > > > 
 
 
 
 > > > > > 
 
 LU LU LU LU LU 
 
 □ □ □ a a a 
 
 O) O O) (3) O) 
 
 O © 
 
 © 
 
 co Q. 
 
 o E 
 
 I- LU 
 
 ■<* O) 
 
 O 
 
 ID 
 
 tf O) 
 
 "D © 
 
 c-2 
 8 E 
 
 tt 3 
 
 to E 
 ©_ 
 
 fc CO 
 
 82 
 
 c 
 
 >! 
 
 o o> 
 
 II . 
 
 £ c 
 
 © ll 
 
 Q. to 
 
 r: c 
 §0-2 
 
 ^3 Z 3 
 
 E >°" 
 3 C 
 
 c ox: 
 
 O)* - 
 
 to © c 
 
 2ro © 
 
 E cj to 
 
 > 
 
 ©wf 
 
 o c 
 
 *l 
 
 CO O 
 Q. 
 
 o E 
 a o 
 
 "O 
 
 •= © 
 
 co jx. 
 
 §1 
 
 2 E 
 t5 © 
 So 
 
 l« 
 
 ll 
 ° c 
 
 CO .= 
 
 *-• 
 
 CO CO 
 
 © "Z 
 £ « 
 
 o to 
 
 c» 
 2xi 
 
 « E 
 
 gi 
 
 o c 
 
 
 
 JC 
 
 o> 
 
 c 
 
 + K 
 
 o 
 o 
 o 
 
 o 
 sz © 
 
 
 
 I/) 
 o © 
 
 © "^ 
 oc2 
 
 £ 2 
 *- 
 
 CO _Q 
 
 s © 
 
 Q. 
 
 > E 
 
 2 co 
 a x 
 
 E LU 
 
 
 _ 
 O CO 
 
 iZ 
 
 a 
 E ©- 
 o © 
 o 
 
 BE 
 
 ©"X 
 o o> 
 
 c c 
 
 w m 
 
 sS 
 
 co 5r 
 
 ■D T3 
 
 
 i2 
 
 o c 
 £8 
 
 O 
 
 ^o 
 
 © 
 
 ■J 
 
 >£ 
 
 E M 
 
 c 
 
 
 CO 
 
 
 
 Q. 
 
 
 
 
 
 o > 
 
 SZ c 
 c> CO 
 
 3 a. 
 
 il E 
 
 . >" o 
 
 ■ 1z O 
 
 Q) 
 
 c 
 o 
 
 sz 
 
 
 t- 
 
 (1) 
 
 E 
 co 
 
 Z 
 
 LU 5= 
 
 < 
 
 
 CO 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 >. • 
 
 N 
 
 O O) 
 
 -^ CD 
 
 > 
 
 O-ir- 
 
 X 
 
 E - 
 
 c 
 
 © £ 
 
 o 
 
 o>$° 
 
 £2 
 
 ^ 
 
 CO 
 
 ™a 
 
 
 
 ON 
 
 a 
 
 o »- 
 
 O 
 
 i - 
 
 o 
 
 ! 
 
 c 
 
 ?rt 
 
 i 
 
 toco 
 
 c . 
 
 CO 
 
 — CJ> 
 x eg 
 
 to 
 
 O . 
 
 O 
 
 > 
 
 ^ X)^ 
 
 O 0<M 
 
 o 
 
 t^Eo; 
 
 a 
 
 On^i- 
 
 E 
 o 
 
 _. V ©^ 
 
 
 
 C ^ .O) c 
 
 _o 
 
 o 
 
 C0^ o"* Sj 
 
 o> 
 
 >S© 2 ^ 
 
 C3) OT x: . y> 
 
 ^ - *-" CO n5 - 
 
 — "S5 .52 en _g o 
 
 T3 
 
 C 
 CO 
 
 to" 
 
 
 
 > 
 
 o 
 
 Q. 
 
 — n ^ c « 
 
 E 
 
 > © © x to > 
 
 to x: sz ~ o O 
 
 
 
 W^QXq 
 
 ■o 
 
 
 
 to O O ■* t 
 
 *k_ 
 
 .h to to c g 
 - © ©2 ©co 
 
 CO 
 CO 
 
 to 
 
 — k_ i- -^ o H— 
 
 CO 
 
 -,, o o ro -^ o 
 
 > > m CL_ 
 
 c * 5 o E « 
 
 to" 
 
 ° © © © o 
 
 c x: x: :> is 
 
 
 
 
 
 > 
 
 O 
 
 a. 
 E 
 
 otr°o co 
 
 to o a." - - 
 
 >- ri n c C 
 
 x. E E o •= to 
 
 Jr 3 3 *- ■JS O 
 >> >> m ^ JE 
 
 > 
 
 3 
 O 
 
 x: 
 
 CO 
 ID 
 
 ©ww^ ©£ 
 roSEEE 
 
 -oJe-I^ 
 
 E c c iS "2 
 
 
 
 
 => o o o © z 
 
 CO 
 
 ZOOhDC 
 
 
 
 t- CM co •<:(• ID 
 
 
 
 
 x: 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 to 
 
 3 
 
 O 
 
 T3 
 
 a 
 
 
 
 Q. 
 
 3 
 
 O 
 O 
 
 k_ 
 
 ID CD 
 
 LU CO 0. 
 
Q 
 O 
 
 n 
 
 o 
 
 CO 
 
 n 
 
 > 
 
 n 
 
 Q 
 
 X 
 
 n 
 
 I 
 
 g 
 
 uj n 
 
 nnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnn nnn 
 nnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnn nnn 
 nnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnn nnn 
 nnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnn nnn 
 nnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnn nnn 
 nnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnn 
 
 ^ n nnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnn 
 
 o^ nnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnn 
 
 in nnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnn 
 
 an nnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnn 
 
 $n nnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnn 
 
 
 X 
 
 CD 
 
 LL 
 
 n 
 
 n 
 
 n 
 
 n 
 
 n 
 
 n 
 
 n 
 
 n 
 
 n 
 
 n 
 
 n 
 
 n 
 
 n 
 
 n 
 
 n 
 
 a 
 
 n 
 
 n 
 
 n 
 
 n 
 
 n 
 
 
 o> 
 
 CD 
 T3 
 
 
 CO 
 
 5 
 
 s 
 
 nnnnnnnnnnnnnnnn 
 
 n 
 
 a c 
 
 n §> 
 
 
 SJ«> 
 
 05 
 CM 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 CD O 
 £ 1 
 
 2 a 
 
 
 <I> 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 CD . 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 cj a> 
 
 £ D) 
 
 
 ■D *- 
 
 
 
 
 
 o ® 
 
 
 CD — CO 
 iS O) CO CO 
 
 CO 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 A R 
 
 
 CO c — t 
 
 *- 
 
 O 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 O o 
 
 >- 
 
 o-rel 
 raini 
 ring 
 > ye« 
 
 .c 
 
 CO 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 - to 
 1 1 
 
 >- UJ 
 
 
 5 
 
 
 
 
 
 Z <° 
 
 DC > 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 ° 1 
 
 1- cc 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 o 
 
 CO D 
 
 
 CO 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 h 2 
 
 5 co 
 
 2? 
 
 O 
 
 E 
 
 CO 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 C CO 
 
 o c 
 
 NOIl 
 □NIO 
 
 rience 
 
 is To 
 ). mi 
 
 CO 
 
 > 
 
 CO 
 
 O 
 
 CD 
 O 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 preparati 
 - vocatio 
 
 £ 3 
 
 CD £ " 
 
 a i- ° 
 
 X 
 
 — . 
 
 CO 
 
 r-. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 i 
 
 o. > 
 
 MIN 
 POPU 
 
 UJ 
 
 iE.9 
 
 O 
 
 E 
 
 CO 
 
 CO 
 
 CO 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 is; S- surface; 
 ;hool diploma; 
 
 
 
 o 
 
 n 
 
 nnnnnnnnnnnnnnnn 
 
 DD 
 
 inn 
 inn 
 inn 
 
 nd mine 
 known 
 high s< 
 
 
 
 O. 
 
 n 
 
 nnnnnnnnnnnnnnnn 
 
 
 '5 « 2 *o 
 
 CO 
 
 g 
 
 nnnnnnnnnnnnnnnn 
 
 D 2 S H °=o 
 
 
 § S = 8 
 
 ct 9- <" 
 
 3 
 CO 
 
 n 
 
 nnnnnnnnnnnnnnnn 
 
 n n n n & , | 
 
 £ 
 
 "- o 
 
 =3 
 
 n 
 
 nnnnnnnnnnnnnnnn 
 
 n n n n 
 
 CD 3 - 
 
 c i_ o 
 
 3 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 3 ȣ 
 
 »- O 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 — .Co 
 
 NES 
 Cente 
 nue S 
 17 
 
 icipal 
 Dment 
 rated 
 any) 
 
 
 O 
 
 3 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 tions a 
 D- ot 
 highs 
 
 FMI 
 arch 
 i Ave 
 
 I 554 
 
 Prin 
 
 equii 
 
 ope 
 
 (if, 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 opera 
 anic; i 
 some 
 
 O o ™ z. 
 w ■£ ^ o 
 
 3 CD to ^ O 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 surface i 
 H — hisp 
 e;SH- 
 
 or co c- Q in 
 
 c 
 cd .2 
 
 
 k_ 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 .BUI 
 nCiti 
 9 Mil 
 neap 
 ?)72 
 
 ob tit 
 
 or 
 
 cupat 
 
 
 CD 
 > 
 
 -a 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 ;SU- 
 lack; 
 i grad 
 
 tO';W C " 
 
 ~3 O 
 
 
 x. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 T3 .O i: 
 
 § 1 8 i s 
 
 o 
 < 
 
 o 
 
 3 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 groun 
 ; B- 
 ugh8i 
 
 /^^k 
 
 < 
 Q 
 
 UJ 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 under 
 white 
 1 thro 
 
 H ?Kffe^°i 
 
 UJ 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 1 1 1 
 
 ^^§35^ 
 
 5 *. 
 
 £ is 
 
 
 UJ 
 
 a 
 2 
 
 ^c\ic73^iocb^<DO)0'>-c\icO'«frinco 
 
 r^ 
 
 od a 
 
 d 
 
 ■ CVJ 
 
 ID $ LU 
 
 
 2 w 
 
 
 < 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 UJ 
 
 
 X 
 
 LL 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Q 
 
 o 
 
 D 
 
 o 
 
 CO 
 
 □ 
 
 > 
 
 □ 
 
 D 
 
 X 
 
 □ 
 
 I 
 
 g 
 
 D 
 
 nnDnnnnnnnnnDDDDn ddd 
 DDDDDDDnnnnDDnnDa ddd 
 DnnDnnnnDDDnnnDDD □□□ 
 DDnnnDDDDnDnnnDnaanD 
 nnnnnnnnnDnnnnnnn ddd 
 DDDnDDDnnnnnDnnnDnnD 
 
 >- 
 >- ui 
 ac > 
 h a: 
 eg => 
 
 £ w 
 z z 
 
 ° 5 
 z 3 
 
 Z D 
 
 s o 
 a. 
 
 € 
 >- o 
 
 W S § is- 
 
 zo i 5 
 
 ^ u > 
 u- «< 
 
 o *j? 
 
 < oc "S . 
 
 EC 9J C 
 
 ■ c o> 
 
 "* 
 
 
 m 
 
 
 in 
 
 
 Z 
 
 
 2 
 
 o 
 o 
 
 CO 
 
 in 
 
 o 
 
 in 
 
 Q. 
 
 CM 
 
 00 
 
 r- 
 
 CD 
 
 
 
 
 c 
 c 
 
 CM 
 
 5 
 
 CD 
 
 = a 
 
 o g 
 
 x a 
 
 m □ 
 
 2 E, 
 
 Si 2 8 
 
 <1 > 
 
 T3 
 
 ^_, 
 
 
 
 
 
 to 
 03 
 
 » 
 
 (0 
 
 
 03 C 
 Q> C 
 
 c 
 
 Q) 
 
 .c 
 
 O 
 
 i'2 
 
 o ** 
 -> 
 
 
 (O 
 
 "* 
 
 
 
 
 (0 
 
 
 
 <5 
 
 CD 
 
 c 
 
 o 
 
 e 
 
 CD 
 
 
 o 
 
 
 \ 
 
 00 
 
 
 h- 
 
 E 
 
 10 
 
 
 cd 
 
 
 
 >N 
 
 
 CJ 
 
 
 
 
 
 c 
 
 
 
 (0 
 
 
 g> 
 
 co 
 
 6 
 o 
 
 o 
 E 
 
 O 
 
 CD 
 
 !c 
 
 rv 
 
 a 
 
 H 
 
 <o 
 
 
 X 
 
 111 
 
 
 
 o 
 
 
 
 CO 
 
 1 
 
 -Q 
 
 o 
 
 E 
 
 CO 
 
 CO 
 
 Jo-, 
 2-~ c a 
 o <o 3 -o 
 
 lis! 
 
 °-g°~ 
 
 c 
 cd .2 
 
 O CJ 
 
 -> o 
 
 o 
 
 D 
 
 a. 
 
 □ 
 
 co 
 
 E 
 
 Z) 
 CO 
 
 D 
 
 3 
 
 D 
 
 
 JC 
 
 
 o 
 
 Z3 
 
 < 
 a 
 
 UJ 
 LU 
 
 >- 
 
 o 
 
 _l 
 a. 
 
 5 
 
 UJ 
 
 CO 
 
 UJ 
 
 _l 
 
 0. 
 
 < 
 
 X 
 
 □ □□□□□□□□Dnnnnnnnnnn 
 nnnDnnnnnnnDDDDDDnan 
 nnDnnnnnDnnnnnnnnnDD 
 nnnnnnnnnDnnnnnnnnnn 
 
 §n DnnnDnnnDDDnnnnDaanD 
 
 DDnnnnnnnnnnnannnnnn 
 DDnnnnnnnnDnnnnDD nan 
 
 DDnnDnnDDDanDnannnnD 
 DnanDnnnnnnnnDnnnnna 
 nnnnDnnDDDnnnnnnnDga 
 nnnnnnnnDnnnDnnDDDnn 
 
 nnDnnnnnnDDDDnnnnnn n 
 
 i- CM CO 
 
 in co 
 
 oo o> o 
 
 ^^SSnSonnnionnn 
 
 CM CM 
 
 CM CM CM CM CM 
 
 CO 
 
 CD 
 CD 
 
 k_ 
 
 o> 
 
 CD 
 ■D 
 CD 
 O) 
 0) 
 
 O 
 O 
 
 I 
 
 O 
 
 o 
 
 CD" 
 o> 
 CD 
 
 CJ 
 CO 
 
 15 
 
 c 
 o 
 
 a 
 
 O 
 
 CD 
 
 > 
 
 a 
 
 1 
 
 0. 
 
 > 
 
 cd" 
 
 CO 
 
 o 
 
 E 
 
 ■S 
 
 o 
 
 D 
 
 a 
 
 I/) 
 
 ■o 
 
 o 
 
 o 
 c 
 o 
 
 lc- 
 
 E If 
 
 •o C J= 
 3 C I 
 
 2 3 Q 
 
 2> I I 
 
 CD -j i.- 
 
 "5 . o 
 c l: o 
 
 % £ " 
 
 I °^ 
 
 § I f 
 
 ■•= O - 11 
 
 CO OJ 
 
 cd y e 
 
 a c o 
 
 <o CO 
 
 8.2 i 
 
 03 ^ X 
 
 1 I co 
 
 " I CD" 
 ' . . "D 
 3 .* <0 
 
 co 
 
 CT 
 
 t)i3£ 
 
 -o £ s: 
 §.f ~ 
 
 I I I 
 Z> § UJ 
 
D 
 U 
 
 D 
 
 
 □ 
 
 > 
 
 □ 
 
 Q 
 
 I 
 
 □ 
 
 X 
 GO 
 
 g 
 
 UJ □ 
 
 □ □□□□□□□□□□□□□□□□ DDD 
 
 nnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnn nnn 
 nnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnn 
 DDnnnnnnnnnDnnnnDDDD 
 DnnnnannnnnnnnDnn nnn 
 nnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnn 
 
 >■ 
 
 >■ UJ 
 AC > 
 
 I- cc 
 
 £ W 
 
 z z 
 
 ° 5 
 5 3 
 
 Z D 
 
 s o 
 
 Q. 
 
 £ 
 
 »- O 
 
 ^ g § 
 ZO c 
 
 o gS 
 
 3 Q) « 
 <0C "S 
 
 UJ OT C 
 
 OC .• c 
 
 38* 
 
 • c o> 
 
 CO -^ «M 
 3 H iO 
 
 2 *> 
 
 5£ 
 
 o g 
 
 <1 > 
 
 m o> « jo 
 
 0) c 
 
 en 
 
 © 
 
 .b: >- 
 
 *«•= 
 
 **■§" 
 
 3g 
 £1 
 
 © 
 u 
 
 c 
 a) 
 
 © £ 
 a h- 
 x 
 
 HI 
 
 
 a-; c j 
 
 •E • 3 8 
 
 SgS > 
 
 'lags 
 
 c 
 © .2 
 
 O o 
 -5 O 
 
 o 
 
 < 
 
 D 
 UJ 
 UJ 
 
 >- 
 
 o 
 
 -I 
 o- 
 
 UJ 
 
 © 
 
 u 
 
 re *■ 
 CO 
 
 ° □ 
 
 3 □ 
 
 D 
 
 UJ 
 
 _l 
 
 0- 
 
 < 
 
 X 
 
 UJ 
 
 nnnDnnnnDDnnnnnnnnnn 
 nnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnn 
 nnnDnnnnDnnnnnnDDnnn 
 nnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnn nnn 
 nnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnn 
 
 nnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnn 
 nnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnn 
 
 nnnnnnnnnnnnnnnn nnnn 
 nnnnnnnnnnnnnnnn nnnn 
 nnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnn 
 nnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnn 
 nnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnn 
 
 i-CMCO-st-tOCOf-COOO 
 
 minmininininmifiCD 
 
 
 
 3 
 
 
 
 •B 
 
 
 
 © 
 
 
 
 © 
 
 
 
 t_ 
 
 
 
 o> 
 
 
 
 © 
 
 
 
 T3 
 
 
 
 © 
 
 
 
 O) 
 
 
 
 © 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 O 
 
 © 
 
 
 o 
 
 .* 
 
 
 1 
 
 
 
 1 
 
 o 
 
 5 
 
 
 a 
 o 
 
 0) 
 
 
 
 o 
 
 
 © 
 as 
 
 o 
 
 
 © 
 o 
 
 6 
 
 
 o 
 
 = 
 
 
 © 
 
 E 
 
 E 
 
 
 o 
 
 k. 
 
 
 <o 
 
 o 
 
 
 | 
 
 
 
 
 c 
 
 
 O 
 
 CO 
 
 
 CO 
 
 a 
 
 
 
 c 
 
 
 re 
 
 o 
 
 
 c 
 
 53 
 
 
 o 
 
 a 
 
 
 
 re 
 a 
 
 0) 
 
 
 re 
 u 
 o 
 > 
 
 a 
 
 
 1 
 
 a. 
 
 
 > 
 
 © 
 
 
 re 
 
 o 
 
 
 E 
 
 re 
 
 
 o 
 
 3 
 
 
 a 
 
 w 
 
 
 T3 
 
 05 
 
 
 o 
 
 o 
 
 t/> 
 
 
 £ 
 
 0) 
 
 c 
 
 c 
 
 u 
 
 £ 
 
 5 
 
 o 
 
 at 
 
 T3 
 
 c 
 
 £ 
 
 c 
 
 J£ 
 
 
 3 
 
 c 
 
 1 
 
 O 
 
 3 
 
 Q 
 
 a 
 
 1 
 
 X 
 
 ■a 
 
 3 
 
 o 
 
 c 
 
 L." 
 
 o 
 
 n 
 
 0) 
 
 £ 
 
 
 x: 
 
 o 
 
 re 
 
 o 
 
 (0 
 
 (O 
 
 £ 
 
 c 
 
 | 
 
 O) 
 
 o 
 
 
 
 
 o 
 
 IE 
 
 re 
 
 u 
 0) 
 
 o 
 
 © 
 
 E 
 
 a 
 
 c 
 
 o 
 
 o 
 
 re 
 
 (0 
 
 0) 
 
 a 
 
 !2 
 
 | 
 
 o 
 
 
 
 « 
 
 !c 
 
 I 
 
 C 
 
 3 
 
 1 
 
 CO 
 
 </) 
 
 I 
 
 © 
 ■a 
 
 D 
 
 if 
 
 re 
 
 00 
 
 o 
 re 
 
 5) 
 
 c 
 3 
 
 | 
 
 
 o 
 
 
 £ 
 
 
 CD 
 
 Ol 
 
 O) 
 
 
 3 
 
 0) 
 
 © 
 
 O 
 
 k- 
 
 T3 
 c 
 
 I 
 
 £ 
 
 3 
 1 
 
 *" 
 
 1 
 
 3 
 
 i 
 
 1 
 
 UJ 
 
 INT.-BU. OF MINES. PGH., PA. 28799 
 
C 224 89 ;1 
 
',,»'/ v^V v^v Vswv* v^V vw* 
 
 0"^ 
 
 
 
 : '*\ <<**M:>« f S^kS *'Jti&°« /-&X c°^^ 
 
 ** A * .*<flfe-. \/ .^. ^ 
 
 6* V 
 
 ' «♦ 
 
 V ..J^L'* > 
 
 
 W 
 
 ^"^. °-OT^ ** *<. 
 
 * AT ^ 
 / ,»"•, V n V . t < • , ***„ t^ c • " • • "SI 
 
 o^ ....• 
 
 °^0 
 
 
 
 
 ^ . 
 
 
 * - % fS^'. ^. A* .VvV>k\ ^ 
 
 .0** ^*'^«^ ^'?W?\6* \.-S-^ *V^\G** \.' 
 
 c w .♦; 
 
 *++.. v 
 
 *p^ •.• 
 
 ^'^•\/ C ° J .'-^'/ V'^ f \»* %^^'/ %'????'/ %.V^\o 
 
 • ~ .r 
 
 '^^ 
 
 
 %. ^ ;t 
 
 ■y ^, 
 
 ^c? 
 
 
 
 ^0 
 
 A 1 - 
 
 i » it- » 
 
 *bV" 
 
 \^'\f ^'^V ^*^-\^ %^^* / ^^.M 
 
 
 & 
 
 ^♦* .-ate-. \/