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HISTORY 
 
 AND 
 
 %&t to WLtwhme 
 
 AND 
 
 WASHINGTON'S HEADQUARTERS, 
 
 AND A CATALOGUE OF MANUSCRIPTS AND RELICS IN 
 WASHINGTON'S HEADQUARTERS. 
 
 BY J. BALDWIN 
 
 NEWJBURGH, N. Y. 
 
 NEW YORK: 
 N. TIBBALS & SONS, 
 
 PXJBLI8HBES J^.1<TJD BOOKSELLEBS, 
 No. 124 Nassau Street. 
 
 Copyright, 1883, by J. Baldwin. All rights reserved. 
 
4 HISTORICAL AND BUSINESS REVIEW. 
 
 copal, four Methodist Episcopal, two Roman Catholic, one Reformed Episcopal, 
 three Baptist, one German Lutheran, one American Reformed, two Reformed 
 Presbyterian, one United Presbyterian, four Presbyterian, one congregation 
 Beth-Jacob, and one Unitarian — and one of the finest public libraries in the 
 State. 
 
 With such surroundings it is not remarkable that Newburgh is rapidly be- 
 coming the abode of wealth and enterprise. 
 
 Newburgh, or so much of it as could be seen from the deck of the " Half 
 Moon," is simply described by Hudson, in connection with the adjoining plateau 
 which sweeps in semi-circle from the Dans-Kammer to the Highlands, as " a 
 very pleasant place to build a town on." On the right of his vision Butter 
 Hill lifted its rugged sides in sparse and withered verdure in the autumn sun- 
 light ; from thence were forests broken here and there by clearings, which the 
 Indians had made in which to cultivate the corn and beans that so. largely sup- 
 plied them with food, or marked by the path of streams and hills with cedar- 
 crowned summits as were unmarred by the reclaiming process of civilization ; 
 in the Centre, a bluff of rolling sand, with gnarled trees and dwarfed shrubbery, 
 rising abruptly from the water's edge, perchance the watch-tower of the untu- 
 tored Indian guarding the approaches to the altar of Bachtamo, on which the 
 sacrificial fires of his people had burned for ages — Newburgh, untouched by the 
 
 " Keen ax, that wondrous instrument, 
 That like a fabled talisman transforms 
 Deserts to fields and cities." 
 
 The stages of its reclamation and development are revealed in the records. 
 
 The first settlement at Newburgh was made by a company of German 
 Lutherans, driven from their homes in the Palatinate of the Rhine, who came 
 to England in the spring of 1708. and petitioned to be sent out to the Planta- 
 tions ; which petition being granted, they were sent to New York and from 
 thence to Quassaick Creek in the winter of 1708-9, and here settling, a patent 
 was issued to them for 2190 acres of land, when was formed the Palatine Par- 
 ish by Quassaick. Of their history here but little is known ; occasional men- 
 tion of them is made in the Colonial Records, and in 1751 we find a petition 
 presented to the Governor and Council by others who had settled near them, 
 praying for the issue of a new patent for the Glebe lands, a portion that had 
 been granted the Germans for the use and maintenance of a Lutheran Church 
 and minister, which was now desired for the use of the Church of England 
 and the support of a schoolmaster. The Palatines were not freed from relig- 
 ious persecution even in the wilderness, for the petition was granted, and a new 
 patent issued, depriving the Germans of their rights, and changing the name 
 of the settlement to the Parish of Newburgh. 
 
 Following the issue of the German patent were numerous others adjacent to 
 it, and soon the place began to assume importance as a commercial and trad- 
 ing post. In 1772 the " Parish of Newburgh " became the " Precinct of New- 
 burgh," and was known as such during the Revolution, and until 1788, when 
 
the title of Precinct was supplanted by that of Town. Of the Revolution- 
 ary history of the settlement we need not make mention, as it is familiar to every 
 youth of the day, and requires but the mention of such names as Hasbrouck, 
 Palmer, Belknap, Coleman, Clinton, Paulding, "Acker, Iligby, Birdsall, Rob- 
 inson and their associates, to recall the days of the Old Continentals. At the 
 close of the war for Independence, the inhabitants of Newburgh suffered much 
 from the disordered state of the finances of the country. The war had impover- 
 ished every citizen of the place, yet with a sublime faith in the future they set 
 at work to rebuild their homes, reclaim their neglected farms, and make the 
 wilderness yield to civilization. 
 
 The village of Newburgh was incorporated the 25th of March, 1800, being 
 the second village in the State (the village of Lansingburgh being the first). 
 On March 20th, 1 801, the Newburgh and Cochecton Turnpike Company was 
 incorporated, with a capital of $126,000. This road was to connect Newburgh 
 with the Delaware River. The Newburgh and New Windsor Turnpike Com- 
 pany was organized April 2nd, 1806, the Orange and Ulster Company, March 
 30th, 18 10, the Newburgh and Plattekill Company, April 5th, 1810. and the 
 Snake Hill road v/as opened March 24th, 1815. With such means of commu- 
 nication Newburgh soon became the commercial centre and distributing point 
 for a large section of country ; and the County of Orange, which had a popula- 
 tion of 18,492 in 1790, had increased to 34,347 in 1S10, having nearly doubled 
 in twenty years. The following year, 181 1, the Bank of Newburgh was estab- 
 lished, and together with the Bank of Orange County at Goshen, furnished the 
 financial facilities to the people of the county until 1834, when the Highland 
 Bank was established at Newburgh, and in 1838 the Powell Bank was incor- 
 porated. 
 
 In 1850 the Newburgh and Ellenville Plank Road Company was organized 
 with a capital of $100,000, and the same year the Newburgh and Shawangunk 
 Plank Road Company was formed. Both roads were completed and opened 
 in December, 1S51. Homer Ramsdell was elected president of the former, 
 and Jacob V. B. Fowler president of the latter. 
 
 In 1743 Alexander Coldcn obtained a patent enabling him to establish a 
 ferry from Newburgh to Fishkill, consisting of sail and row boats. He 
 conducted the same until the war broke out, when the ferry was taken charge 
 of by the quartermaster of the army, and the landing was changed from First 
 street to Third street. In 1782 the Continental ferry, as it was called, was 
 changed to New Windsor and a new ferry was established at Newburgh and 
 Fishkill. In consequence of the Revolution the Colden Charter was regarded 
 as void, but in the beginning of the present century its rights were recognized 
 and it was consolidated with the new ferry from Newburgh to Fishkill. The 
 Colden Charter was sold to Mr. Leonard Carpenter in 1802, and after numer- 
 ous changes and transfers, was in 1835 purchased by Mr. Thomas Powell, who 
 gave the same to his daughter Mrs. Frances E. L. Ramsdell in 1850. Sail 
 ard row boats were used until 1816, when horse boats were put upon the 
 line, In 1828 the first steamer was placed upon the line. Mr. Powell built 
 
HISTORICAL AND BUSINESS KKVIEW. 
 
 the steamer Gold Hunter, Mrs. Ramsdell purchased the Fulton, Williams- 
 burgh and Union, and erected the ferry houses now used. The Union was 
 burned iu 1878 and an iron boat has been built to take her place. 
 
 On the 9th of January, 1S50, was completed and opened "the Greycourt 
 branch of the Erie Railroad, which connected Newburgh with the great West. 
 This was an object that the leading citizens had labored years to obtain, and 
 upon this they had expended large sums of money. With the advent of rail- 
 roads departed most of the commerce of Newburgh, as these roads passed 
 through the heart of nearly the entire country tl'at had formerly drawn its 
 supplies of merchandise from Newburgh, and had in return poured into the 
 warehouses of her merchants the grain and agricultural products from the 
 farmers that furnished the city with her trade. The lines of railroad had 
 passed to the north and south, taking all this trade to other marts, and 
 her citizens realized that in order to keep pace with the progress of the coun- 
 try, they must have adequate means for rapid transit. 
 
 The river trade and freighting was carried on by means of sloops until 1830,* 
 when Mr. Christopher Reeve purchased the steamer Baltimore, and ran her 
 to New York. In July of the same year was launched the steamer William 
 Young, which commenced running in September, owned by Mr. Benjamin 
 Carpenter. In 1832 the steamer Legislator was placed on the line, as was 
 also the Frovidence. In 1833 the steamer Washington was built and began 
 running in November. In 1835 the Baltimore was transferred to the New- 
 burgh and Albany line ; the James Madison was built this year and ran to 
 New York, and the Frovidence was changed and the Superior took her place. 
 Mr. Powell built the steamer Highlander the same year. In 1846 Powell, 
 Ramsdell & Co. built the Thomas Powell and ran her on the Newburgh line 
 but afterward sold her to other parties, who ran her from Rondout to New 
 York. In 1S41, Crawford, Mailler & Co. placed the barge Minisink on the 
 line in place of the steamer Washington, and in 1842 Christopher Reeve 
 placed the barge Union on the line to New York ; in 1845 the steam barge 
 Caledonia v/as put on, and in 1851 the barge Wallkill by Wardrop, Smith & 
 Co. Johnson & Falls took the boilers and engines out of the Caledonia in 
 I870, and Alsdorf & Skidmore ran her to New York. In 1846, B. Carpen- 
 ter & Co. placed the barge Superior on the line ; in 1848 Powell, Ramsdell 
 & Co. built the barge Newburgh and placed her on their line instead of the 
 Highlander, and in 1851 they built the Susquehanna, and ran the two 
 barges in connection ; in 1870 Homer Ramsdell added the barge Charles 
 Spear to the line of Homer Ramsdell & Co. The steamer Baltimore was the 
 first on the Albany line, she was succeeded by the Balloon in 1839 ; she by the 
 American Eagle in 1846, and she again by the Saratoga. The Constitution 
 ran some time and formed a daily line with the Fagle, but gave place to the 
 Magenta, which in turn was supplied by the M. Martin, which with the Eagle 
 form the present line to Albany. 
 
 * g'Ut'teilher's History of Newlnn^h, 
 
NEWBURGH, N. Y. 
 
 At present the lines of boats connecting Newburgh with other points are 
 the Newburgh and Albany day line steamers Eagle and Martin ; the New 
 York and Rondout line touching at Newburgh, steamers James W. Baldwin 
 and City of Springfield ; the Albany day line to New York touching at New- 
 burgh, steamers Chauncey Vibbard and Albany ; steamer Mary Powell from 
 Rondout to New York, touching at Newburgh; Newburgh and Haverstraw line 
 steamer Emiline ; Newburgh and West Point line, steamer Cadet. There are 
 besides, numerous excurison boats that run up and down the river, and several 
 freight lines of barges touching and owned here. 
 
 The Newburgh Steam Mills were erected in 1844-45, by a stock company, 
 and commenced* the manufacture of goods in 1845, since which time they have 
 continued in operation. Nearly all of the original stockholders have disposed of 
 their interest, most of the stock being held by Thomas Garner. The factory 
 is two hundred and fifty feet long by fifty in width, five stories and basement, 
 and another building ninety by forty feet, located on extension of Front street, 
 north-eastern part of the city. These are among the finest mills in the country. 
 The Orange County Woolen Mills were established in 1863 by Joshua 
 Harrison ; manufacture blankets, chit-fly for the southern trade, also yarn; 
 present proprietor James Harrison, who was interested with his father in the 
 mills from 1867 to 1872, took possession in 1877 ; located in the extreme 
 southwest of the city upon the Little Britain road ; employs fifty to sixty hands. 
 
 The Newburgh Woolen Mills, James Taylor proprietor, purchased the mills 
 in 1875, and began the manufacture of Plush lap robes, velours and druggets, 
 is one of two factories engaged in this class of manufactures in this country, is 
 connected with a factory at Hollin New Church, near Manchester, England, 
 located corner Western, avenue and Little Britain road, employs about one 
 hundred and twenty hands. This factory has run for the last five years with- 
 out one broken day. Sales-room and warehouse 542 Pearl street, New York. 
 
 George Crawshavv's Ingrain Carpet factory, established 1867, manufactures 
 Ingrain, Bristol, Cottage and Rag carpets, together with all styles and des- 
 criptions of Rugs, located at West Newburgh in 1376, employs at present from 
 fifty to sixty hands. 
 
 The Newburgh Bleachery was established in 1871, under the name of Tre- 
 mont Bleachery ; in 1878 the name was changed to Newburgh Bleachery. 
 This is the largest establishment in the city; there are four separate buildings, 
 one 2004-60 feet, one 1504-60 feet, with a box factory, 704-40 feet and the 
 new building just completed 1904-60 feet, the three larger being devoted 
 entirely to the bleaching business. They operate three steam engines, one of 
 1 50 horse power, one of 100 horse power and one of 50, with three water 
 Is, one of 60 horse power one of 40 and one of 25. They bleach sheet- 
 ugs, shirtings, and all styles of cotton goods, also bleaching and napping cot- 
 .011 flannels, and have capacity for working two hundred hands. The works 
 are located on Lake and Dickson streets, in the southwest part of the city. 
 New York office, 115 Worth street ; the present proprietors are Chadwick 
 Brothers. 
 
8 HISTORICAL AND BUSINESS REVIEW. 
 
 The Orange County Paper Mills were established in 1792, by Hugh Walsh, 
 grandfather of J. De Witt Walsh, one of the present proprietors, and have been 
 in the Walsh family ever since. They manufacture fine writing paper, white 
 and colored. The present firm, J. De Witt, Walsh & Co., is composed of J. 
 De Witt Walsh and John H. Walsh. The mill employs some thirty hands, is 
 located on Quassaick Creek, one and a half miles southwest of Long Dock. 
 
 The Grove Paper Mills, Adams & Bishop proprietors, is located upon Quas- 
 saick Creek, southwest of the city. They manufacture book paper only. New 
 York office and salesroom, 57 Murray street. 
 
 The Chadborn & Coldwell Manufacturing Co. was organized in 1870. Pre- 
 vious to its organization the manufacture of lawn mowers was conducted by 
 Chadborn, Coldwell & Swift. Finding that the business could be conducted 
 better by a stock company, the Chadborn & Coldwell Manufacturing Co. was 
 formed. Their Excelsior Lawn mowers have won a world-wide reputation. 
 Some idea of the extent to which this business has grown, may be gained when 
 we state that this company have facilities for turning out upward of 15,00 
 machines annually, besides carrying on an extensive manufacture of an Auto- 
 matic Dried Beef Cutter. The factory is upon the corner of Western Avenue 
 and High street, Thomas Coldwell, president of the company. 
 
 The Quassaick Woolen Mills are located upon Quassaick Creek, southwest 
 of the city, and were established in 1865. They manufacture woolen blankets 
 and yarns, and give employment to about sixty hands. W. W. Trask, 
 manager. 
 
 There are numerous other manufacturing establishments in the city. The 
 boiler works of Patrick Delaney, formerly Boland & Delaney, Colden and 
 Renwick streets, is one of the largest establishments of the city. The carriage 
 factory of Lewis J. Bazzoni, Broadway corner of Grand street. The foundries 
 and machine shops of William Wright located on South Water corner of 
 Washington, and of Robert Whitehill, on Johns street, also that of Thomas R. 
 Speir, 65 and 67 Western avenue, the oldest foundry in the city. The Brew- 
 ery of T. Beveridge & Co., corner of Front street and Fifth. The Newburgh 
 Plaster Co. 's Mills, situated on Front street foot of South. The Paint works on 
 Front street near South. The Soap factory of Jesse Oakley & Co. upon 
 Washington near Liberty street, one of the largest establishments of the kind 
 in the country. Belknap & McCann, No. 2 Water street, and Charles Dall, 
 manufacturer of American Cream Soap. The Brass Foundry of G. L. Monell 
 on South Water street, the only one in the county, and the Chair Factory of 
 D. N. Selleg, Colden street. 
 
 The city of Newburgh is supplied with water from the lake known as Wash- 
 ington Lake, situated in the town of New Windsor. The works were put 
 under contract in 1853, and the total cost and expenditures to 1875, were 
 $381,031.16. In 1875 the water rents amounted to $29,307. 7r. Since then the 
 city has laid a new twelve inch main from the lake, down Western avenue. 
 Colden street, and Water street as far as South, besides erecting a new dwell- 
 ing house for the keeper at the lake, and made various improvements in the 
 
NEWBUEGII, 1ST. Y. 9 
 
 Water Commissioners' building. There are now about twenty miles of pipes 
 laid, there are 179 hydrants and eleven water posts for supplying sprinkling 
 carts, and three public fountains. 
 
 The Consumers Gas Company was organized in 1877, being the result of 
 an effort to reduce the price of gas. Works were built by M. S. Frost & Son, 
 are located on the block bounded by Renwick, Colden, Water and S. William 
 streets. They have already laid about ten miles of pipe. Their Reservoir has a 
 capacity of 100,000 cubic feet, and their works have manufacturing capacity 
 of 150,000 cubic feet daily. The gasometer was erected by Morris, Gasker & 
 Co. of Philadelphia, and is enclosed in a brick building. The gas is manu- 
 factured by the Lowe process. The office of the company is 70 Water street, 
 John C. Adams, president. 
 
 The Fire Department was organized in 1797, but the organization could 
 have been of but minor importance, as little mention is made of the same until 
 1823, when anew engine was ordered. From this time Newburgh has rejoiced 
 in an efficient Fire Department. The department consists of one Hook and 
 Ladder Company, three steam fire engine companies, and four hose companies. 
 The house of Leonard Steam Fire Engine Company is on North Water street; 
 is of brick, two .stories in height. Ringgold Hose Company house is on Col- 
 den street, is of brick, brown stone front, two stories and basement. The 
 Brewster Hook and Ladder is on Western avenue, is brick, two stories. 
 Chapman Hose Company is on South street and have a fine house. Washing- 
 ton Steam Fire Engine Company is located on Western Ave. 
 
 Lawson and Columbian Hose house is at the corner of Second and Mont- 
 gomery streets, is built of pressed brick, with Ohio stone trimmings, two stories 
 and basement. Highland Engine Company is located at West Newburgh. 
 
 The question will be asked by many that read this book, how shall we reach 
 Newburgh? That question is not difficult to answer ; for like Chicago, St. 
 Louis, and Cincinnati, Newburgh is a railroad centre. At present the follow- 
 ing roads have their terminus or run through or connect with the city by 
 ferry boat : The New York, West Shore and Buffalo Railway, which will be 
 completed and running from New York to Buffalo during the year, and trains 
 will be running between New York, Newburgh, Albany and Saratoga on or 
 about June 1st, when Newburgh will be only one and a half hours by rail 
 from New York, over one of the best roads in the world, which the following 
 description of its road-bed and passenger equipments by Civil Engineer Rob- 
 ert E. O'Brien, who recently investigated the work in behalf of a syndicate 
 interested in the securities, will show : 
 
 "The road-bed and track are made as near perfect as engineering science 
 will admit. Standard plans, based upon the best experience and practice, 
 have Vieen adopted for all the work and structures, thereby insuring the best 
 mode of construction, while good workmanship and material have been secured 
 by rigid inspection. The cuts and embankments are made of unusual width 
 (two feet wider than other roads in the State), so that the tracks can be 
 placed at the maswwm distance apart (thirteen feet from centre to QenUe), 
 
■ ■ mm ' . '•• -■!■ 
 
NEWBURGH, N. Y. 11 
 
 and, where possible, the surplus excavation has been utilized in widening trie 
 embankments, affording extra siding and storage room for future use. Thfe 
 masonry is massive and built in the most substantial manner, extraordinary 
 pains being taken to obtain good foundations. 
 
 "The bridging is of iron, proportioned to carry locomotives of 85 tons 
 weight, being 50 per cent, stronger than the bridging used on competing 
 roads. At the crossing of streams ample water-way is allowed, and the road- 
 bed well protected against injury from freshets. The track is being laid with 
 67-lb steel rails (same as used on the Pennsylvania Railroad), particular care 
 being taken with the joints, which are fastened by heavy angle splices thirty, 
 six inches long, bearing on three cross-ties. The ballast is of stone laid on a 
 sub-ballast of -gravel." 
 
 The passenger equipments, to be furnished by the Pullman Palace Car 
 Company, will embrace all the latest appliances essential to the comfort of 
 travellers, introducing new methods of heating and lighting, as well as many 
 new features designed to promote security and pleasure in travelling. A large 
 and fine terminal station is under way at Weehawken. Several large and 
 swift boats, with iron hulls, have been built expressly for service between thg 
 terminal station at Weehawken and the city landings, one of which is at the 
 foot of Forty-second street ; the other is down town, at a point convenient to 
 that section. These boats will equal, and in some respects surpass, the finest 
 boats on the river engaged in like service. 
 
 The easy grades, light curves, new motive power, steel rails, fine equipment 
 and road-bed — as nearly perfect as scientific experience and liberal expenditure 
 can secure — will enable the West Shore Line to successfully compete for the 
 first class tourist travel to and from West Point, Newburgh, the Catskills, Al- 
 bany, Saratoga, Lake George, the Adirondacks, Montreal, and all resorts in 
 the provinces, during the excursion season of the present year. Mr. Henry 
 Monett, the General Passenger Agent, whose office is at No. 24 State Street, 
 New York City, invites correspondence with those interested in the develop- 
 ment of the numerous pleasure resorts accessible by the " West Shore Route." 
 The New York, West Shore & Buffalo Railway passes by more historical 
 places than almost any other. Right over its Weehawken docks is the duel- 
 ling ground where Hamilton and many others were killed ; it passes the places 
 in the Hackensack Valley where both armies moved, and whence the Ameri- 
 cans captured Jersey City or Paulus Hook ; goes past Tappan, where Andre 
 was hanged, and Haverstraw, where he conferred with Arnold, and West Point 
 nd Stony Point, and finally past Newburgh, where the American armies 
 ested a year or more after the war, and through the city of Kingston, where 
 the State Constitution was framed and adopted, and the place itself was 
 burned by the British, 
 
 Newburgh is also connected with New York by the New York Cential and 
 Hudson River Railroad, and by the New York, Lake Erie and Western Rail- 
 road, and Newburgh is also the terminus of the Lehigh and Hudson Railroad 
 Mid the Newburgh Branch of the Erie from the West j and it is also the terror 
 
key to Map of Newburgh* 
 
 1 Baldwin House. 
 
 2 Siglars' School. 
 
 3 First Ward School. 
 
 4 St. George's Chapel. 
 
 5 Unitarian Church. 
 
 6 St. Mary's Catholic Church. 
 
 7 Mount St. Mary's Academy. 
 
 8 Residence of S. R. Van Duzer. 
 g •* " Homer Ramsdell. 
 
 to "Third Ward School, 
 ii Fourth Ward School. 
 i2 German Church, 
 ij Armory. 
 
 14 African M. E. Church. 
 
 15 Washington's Headquarters. 
 i6 St. Patrick's Church. 
 
 17 Associate Reformed Church. 
 
 18 Second Ward School. 
 
 19 St. George's Church. 
 23 Court House. 
 
 90 A— Trinity M. E. Church. 
 •»i Second Reformed Church. 
 9i A — Calvary Presbyterian Church. 
 
 22 Reformed Episcopal Church. 
 
 23 First Presbyterian Church. 
 34 St. Paul's Church. 
 
 25 Second M. E. Church. 
 
 26 Union Presbyterian Church; 
 
 27 First Reformed Church. 
 ■28 Public Library. 
 
 29 Opera House. 
 
 30 Dutch Church. 
 
 31 First Baptist Church. 
 
 32 Free Academy. 
 
 33 Home of the Friendless. 
 
 34 J. Baldwin & Co.'s, Real Estate and 
 
 Law Office. 
 
 34 Register's Office. 
 
 35 Savings Bank. 
 
 36 Post Office. 
 
 37 Journal Office. 
 
 38 Quassaick National Bank. 
 
 39 Y. M. C. A. Building. 
 
 40 National Bank of Newburgh. 
 
 41 United Presbyterian Church. 
 
 42 Highland National Bank. 
 
 To B?Ldv'.a >iouse and Washington's Headquarters. 
 
MAP OF THE CITY OF NEWBURGH. 
 
 13 
 
14 HIS^OKICAL AHD BUSINESS HEVIEW. 
 
 inus of the New York and New England Railroad. The citizens of Boston, 
 Providence, Hartford, and the principal cities of New England, can reach the 
 Hudson river, opposite Newburgh, within nine miles of West Point and the 
 Hudson Highlands, and can there connect with the different railroads for the 
 South, West or North, after spending a day at the Baldwin House, Washing- 
 ton's Headquarters, and a visit to West Point ; or should the residents of 
 New England prefer they can reach Newburgh by taking the New England 
 road to New London, and there connect with the palace steamers of the Nor- 
 wich line to New York, and there connect with the Albany Day Line boats 
 (Albany and C. Vibbard), and thus reach West Point and Newburgh by a sail 
 through the Sound to New York, and up the noble Hudson and through the 
 Highlands. The Albany Day Line boats leave from the next pier to that of 
 the Norwich Line. 
 
 The New York Ontario and Western Rail Road, with its hills, mountains 
 and trout streams, filled with game and trout, can be reached via Cornwall, 
 five miles below Newburgh, and a few days of pleasure obtained by sportsmen 
 and the lovers of fishing. There are more than a hundred trout streams in 
 Sullivan and Delaware, and a considerable number in Ulster, Chenango, 
 Otsego, Madison and Oneida Counties. They are annually visited by thous- 
 ands of sportsmen, who take out by the hundreds these speckled beauties— the 
 gamiest fish that swims. It would appear, at first sight, that the streams of 
 Sullivan and Delaware would soon be "fished out," but the Company, with a 
 desire to maintain their fishing qualities, have procured direct from Seth 
 Green, Superintendant of State Fish Hatchery, Caledonia Springs, N. Y., and 
 from other parties since 1878, 450,000 brook trout, 40,000 lake trout, 60,000 
 California mountain trout— a total of 500,000 fish, which is rather under than 
 above, the correct amount. These have been distributed in the trout streams 
 from " Zig Zag," in Delaware County, to Mountain Dale, in Sullivan County 
 The Lake trout were placed in Long Pond, in Sullivan County. 
 
 A great number of passenger steamboats arrive at and depart from New- 
 burgh to and from New York, and to and from Albany, during the time navi 
 gation is open, which is about nine months in the year. The Albany Day 
 Line leave Brooklyn (by Annex boat) at 8 A.M. daily ; Vestry Street at 8.35 
 A.M.; and Twenty-second Street at 9 A. M., arriving at Newburgh at 12.20 
 P. M. Returning, leave Newburgh at 2.15 P.M., reaching New York at 5.30 
 P.M., Brooklyn at 6.15. The Mary Powell leaves New York daily from foot 
 of Vestry Street at 3.15 P.M., Twenty-second Street at 3.30 P.M., arriving at 
 Newburgh about 6.30 P.M. The James W. Baldwin and the City of Spring- 
 field also leave New York from the foot of Harrison Street at 4 P. M., daily, 
 reaching Newburgh in from three to four hours. Other boats leave New- 
 burgh for West Point, Catskill, Albany, and other places, several times dur- 
 ing the day. 
 
HISTOBICAL AND BUSINESS REVIEW. 15 
 
 gwtoirjjft (tftatrcft giwtovjj. 
 
 Saint George's Episcopal Church. 
 Corner Grand and Second Streets. Rev. Octavious Applegate, Bector. 
 
 Saint George's Chapel. 
 Broadway near Mill Street. Rev. S. Allen, Minister in charge. 
 
 Saint Paul's Episcopal Church. 
 Grand Street near Clinton. Rev. Rufus Emery, Rector. 
 
 Church of the Corner Stone. 
 Reformed Episcopal. , Pastor. 
 
 Saint Patrick's Catholic Church. 
 Grand Street between First and Broadway. Rev. Joseph F. Mooney, Pas- 
 tor. 
 
 Saint Mary's Catholic Church. 
 
 Gidney Avenue between Lander and Dubois Streets. Rev. M. J. Phelan. 
 
 Pastor. 
 
 Trinity M. E. Church. 
 
 Corner Liberty and Third Streets. Rev. Wm. H. Mickle, Pastor. 
 
 Saint John's M. E. Church. 
 Corner High Street and Broadway. Rev. B. H. Burch, Pastor. 
 
 Grace M. E. Church. 
 
 West Newburgh. Rev. J. H. Hauxhurst, Pastor. 
 
 African M. E. Zion Church. 
 Washington Street, west of Liberty. Rev. -, Pastor. 
 
 United Presbyterian Church. 
 Corner Fourth and Montgomery Streets. Rev. James G. D. Finley, Pas- 
 tor. 
 
 First Presbyterian Church. 
 
 Corner South and Grand Streets. Rev. W. K. Hall, Pastor. 
 
 Union Church. 
 Comer First and Montgomery Streets. Rev. Fred. B. SAvage, Pastor. 
 
 Calvary Presbyterian Church. 
 Comer Liberty and Farrington Streets, R<3V. J. SeaRLE, Pastor, 
 
16 
 
 German Lutheran Church. 
 Johnston Street near Broadway. Rev. Carl C. Mans, Pastor. 
 
 First Reformed Presbyterian Church. 
 Grand between First and Second Streets. Rev. S. Carlisle, Pastor. 
 
 Second Reformed Church. 
 Grand between South and Catherine Streets. Rev. J. R. Thompson, Pas- 
 tor. 
 
 Associate Reformed Church. 
 
 Corner Grand and First Streets. Rev. John MacNaughton, Pastor. 
 
 Reformed Dutch Church. 
 Corner Third and Grand Streets. Rev. Henry V. S. Myers, Pastor. 
 
 First Baptist Church. 
 South Street between Grand and Montgomery Streets. Rev. Arthur 
 Jones, Pastor. 
 
 Shiloh Baptist Church. 
 
 William Street, between Washington and Parmenter. Rev. , Pastor. 
 
 Unitarian Church— Church of our Father. 
 Corner South and Johnston Streets, Rev. , Pastor. 
 
 Congregation Beth Jacob. 
 Rabbi, Herman Phlaum, Regular services every Saturday at 9 o'clock. 
 
 $0ri*tto. 
 
 Young Men's Christian Association. 
 
 Free Reading Room and Library, open during the week from 9 A.M. to 9 
 P.M.; Sundays, 9 to 10.30 A.M. Corner of Smith and Third Streets. 
 
 Young Men's Catholic Lyceum. 
 Meets 1st and 3d Thursday of each month. 
 
 I. O. of Odd Fellows. 
 Highland Lodge, No. 65, meets Tuesday evenings. 
 Bismarck Lodge, N , 420 (German) meets Thursday evenings. 
 Acme Lodge, No. .69, meets Friday evenings. 
 Mount Olive Enr <ampme nt, No, 65. meets gd. and 4th Wednesdays, 
 
HISTORICAL AND BUSINESS REVIEW. 17 
 
 Masonic Societies. 
 Newburgh Lodge, 309, F. & A. M., 2d and 4th Wednesdays. 
 Hudson River Lodge, 607, F. & A M., 1st, 3d and 5th Wednesdays. 
 Highland Chapter, No. 62, R. A. M., M. E., third Tuesday. 
 Hudson River Commandery, No. 35 Knights Templar. 2d and 4th Tuesdays. 
 
 Knights of Pythias. 
 Storm King Lodge, No. 11. Meets every Monday evening. 
 Olive Branch Lodge, No. 133. Meets every Tuesday evening. 
 Endowment Rank. Meets every 4th Thursday. 
 
 Knights of Honor. 
 North River Lodge, No. 12 18. Meets every 2nd Thursday. 
 
 O. U. A. M. 
 
 Newburgh Council, No. 58. Meets every Thursday evening. 
 
 Grand Army. 
 
 Ellis Post, No. 52, meets Tuesday evening of each week. 
 William J. Williams Post, No. 212, meets Wednesday evening. 
 
 Orange Lodge. 
 
 Purple Star Lodge, No. 68. Meets first Wednesday of each month. 
 Chosen Few Lodge, No. 80, meets 3d Wednesday. 
 
 Benevolent Society. 
 O'Connell Association. Meets 1st Sunday of each month. 
 
 Temperance Societies. 
 
 St. Patrick's T. A. B. Society. Meets on the 2d and 4th Sundays of 
 each month at their Hall, St. Patrick's School, Liberty Street, at 4 p. m. 
 
 I. O. of Good Templars. 
 
 Mission Lodge. Meets Monday evenings at 42 Water Street. 
 Newburgh Lodge, 282. Meets Friday Evenings. 
 Union Lodge, 114. Meets Wednesday evenings. 
 
 Libraries. 
 St. Patrick's Library Association. 
 St. Mary's Young Men's Literary Association. 
 Theological Seminary Library of the U. P. Church. 
 Public Library, 100 and 102 Grand Street, under charge of Board of. 
 
 Education. Free to all residents. Charles Estabrook, Librarian; 
 
 Nellie Leonard and John A. Burnett, Assistants. 
 
18 NEWBITEGII, N. Y, 
 
 (&txnmx aftewfaiimw, 
 
 German Mannerchor. 
 
 Meets every Tuesday Evening. 
 
 German Turn-Verein. 
 
 Gymnastic Society. Meets Monday and Thursday. 
 
 I. O. Bnai Brith. (Hebrew.) 
 Elizer Lodge, No. 115, meets 1st, 3d and 5th Sundays of each month. 
 
 Kescher Schell Barsel. (Hebrew.) 
 Macabee Lodge, No. 22, A. I. O. K. S. B. Meets 2d and 4th Sundays. 
 
 iuMi( MmU. 
 
 Academy, Montgomery Street, John W. Doughty, Principal. 
 
 Grammar School No. 1, corner of Washington and William Streets, William 
 H. Kelly, Principal. 
 
 Grammar School No. 2, corner of Grand and Campbell Streets, Charles E. 
 Snyder, Principal. 
 
 Grammar School No. 3, corner of Johnston and South Streets, E. Y. Clark, 
 Principal. 
 
 Primary School No. 4, Clinton Street, Susan A. Wright, Principal. 
 Primary School No. 5, West Street, Agnes C. Miller, Principal. 
 
 Boys' Classical. —Henry W. Siglar, Newburgh Institute. 
 
 " " Hugh S. Banks, 171 Chamber Street. 
 
 Young Ladies. Miss E. J. Mackie, 172 Grand Street. 
 
 " " Miss Lowrie, 48 Dubois Street. 
 
 Children's. —Catherine McConkey, 121 Broadway. 
 
 •♦ !« Wm. L. Chapiuj Chamber, near First Street, 
 
I ? i 
 
 * HHH 
 
 -VO 1 " 
 
 ^.v*"^' 
 
 fgatowte §<w< 
 
 71? //fo tourist, or. those seeking a home for a day, a week, a month, 
 
 or a year. 
 
 The Baldwin House is the largest and best hotel in Newburgh ; contains 
 about one hundred well ventilated rooms with all the modern conveniences, 
 and ranks as one of the most convenient and thoroughly appointed houses on 
 the banks of the Hudson. 
 
 It is located on the square bounded by Johnston, Farrington, Third and 
 Dubois streets, and elevated and prominent, about 300 feet above the river. 
 A spacious promenade upon the roof and piazzas (500 feet of piazzas) is one of 
 the attractions of the house. The view from these and from the tower is un- 
 surpassed in this or the old world, overlooking the beautiful city of Newburgh, 
 Cornwall, West Point, Fishkill -Landing, Matteawan, New Hamburgh, New- 
 burgh Bay and the Hudson river from West Point to New Hamburgh (20 
 miles), the Fishkill range of mountains, Shenandoah Mountains, Storm King 
 (1750 feet above tide water), Snake Hill, Berkshire Hills (distant 60 miles), 
 and the Schunemunk Mountains, together with some fifty other mountains. 
 Cornwall is five miles, Washington Lake three miles, and Orange Lake six 
 miles from the house. The house is only a few minutes' walk from the rail- 
 way depots and steamboat landings, and is the only hotel in the city west of 
 Front street, which is the first street from the river, and is only about seven 
 
20 NEWBURGH, N. Y. 
 
 minutes' walk from Washington's Headquarters and adjoining the proposed 
 Newburgh City Park, which will contain some 30 acres. The hotel grounds are 
 extensive, pleasant and shaded, with croquet lawns, large fountain, etc., and 
 is very desirable for families and tourists. 
 
 The location of the house permits a perfect system of drainage, which has 
 been perfected, so that malaria is absolutely unknown ; and a season spent at 
 this hotel, with its cool fresh mountain air and pure water will drive that 
 fearful disease from the system. The grounds enclosed contain about two acres 
 of fine lawn, more or less covered with handsome trees which in some parts make 
 a complete shade all day. To make the grounds still more attractive the 
 landscape gardener has provided a number of flower beds, which, with the 
 beautiful fountain with its gold and silver fish, and the smoothly shaven lawns, 
 form a pleasing contrast. 
 
 . No prettier sight can be seen than the one from the extensive piazzas look- 
 ing down over the flowery lawn; while here the children are romping and 
 playing under the eye of the nurse, there young ladies and gentlemen earnestly 
 engaged in the active games of lawn tennis or croquet. 
 
 A view entirely different may be obtained by lifting the eyes and looking 
 east, west, south or north, from the piazzas or from the summer-house, located 
 just on the edge of the lawn at Third street. Immediately in front can be seen 
 the beautiful city of Newburgh, and the majestic Hudson from West Point to 
 New Hamburgh. Forming a background is the long range of mountains 
 towering aloft. 
 
 The ever-changing beauties of the mountains, innumerable craft plying up 
 and down the river, form a panorama of which the eye never wearies. 
 
 The roads and drives in Newburgh and vicinity are among the most pleasant 
 in America, mostly shaded by the English elm and the maple. 
 
 A visit to the government grounds and military school of West Point, ten 
 miles from the hotel, makes a delightful trip, by the cars on the West Shore 
 Railroad, or by boat. Time by the cars fifteen minutes, by boat 30 to 45 
 minutes. 
 
 To one fond of mountain scenery the ride through Cornwall to the summit 
 of " Crows Nest," distant eight miles, and further on to Fort Putnam, four- 
 teen miles, is most enjoyable. The roads are good, and from the summit of 
 Crows Nest the eye takes in at a glance the whole range of the Highlands 
 with all their majestic grandeur, together with the grand old Hudson, bearing 
 on its bosom the commerce of a continent. 
 
 A very pretty drive up the river may be taken of some ten miles, going 
 through Balmville (thickly settled by many wealthy families from New York 
 and the East), crossing Hathaway 's Glen, and then passing up the river road 
 to the Cedar Hill Cemetery, and returning to Newburgh through Middle- 
 hope. 
 
 The drive to Washington and Orange Lakes, the first three miles and the 
 other six, is full of beauty. 
 
 In fact the variety of the landscape and the character of the country, afford 
 a choice of different types of scenery, which cannot fail to gratify the moit 
 varied taste, 
 
HISTORICAL AND BUSINESS REVIEW. 
 
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 When nature in summer has arrayed the mountains and valleys of the High- 
 lands in her mantle of green they become so attractive that one living in their 
 midst often wishes that summer would never end. Yet autumn lends a charm 
 to these scenes, which to that of summer is like the bright golden hues of the 
 setting sun to that of the same orb in full career at mid-day. 
 
 The ease with which the Baldwin House can be reached makes it a favorite 
 resort for gentlemen who are required every day in New York* Such can go 
 back and forth daily, or, if they prefer it, can come up Saturdays, spending 
 Sundays with their families, returning next morning. 
 
 This hotel is only 59 miles from New York, and can be reached most any 
 hour of the day by train or boat. The trains on the West Shore Railroad 
 will occupy one hour and thirty minutes in going from New York to New- 
 burgh, the Hudson River Railroad two hours, and the Erie Railroad two 
 hours and fifteen minutes. The time by boat is from three to three hours and 
 thirty minutes. Newburgh can be reached from Boston direct, via the New 
 York and New England Railroad, in about eight hours. 
 
 It does not seem possible for one to inhale the pure air of the Highlands and 
 enjoy the comforts provided by the proprietor of the Baldwin House without 
 being made sensible of having received more or less benefit. 
 
 The Baldwin House has already become well and favorably known to the 
 travelling public as one of the most substantial (being built of brick) and most 
 beautifully located hotels on the Hudson, and one of the coolest places be- 
 tween the Catskills and New York city ; and there are no finer sunristngs and 
 settings in the world than can be seen from the tower of the Baldwin House. 
 Its appointments embrace every convenience, such as gas, hot and cold water 
 baths, electric bells (in every room), etc. 
 
 A fine livery is connected with the house, and teams and drivers thoroughly 
 acquainted with all the points of interest in the vicinity, furnished promptly. 
 
 Every effort will be made by the proprietor to give his visitors not only a 
 good "hotel," but a place where they may experience all the comforts of a 
 home, and he will spare neither pains nor expense to maintain the high repu- 
 tation it has acquired among its patrons. 
 
 As a place for rest and quiet, this hotel, with its clean, well ventilated rooms, 
 splendid beds (hair mattresses), and excellent table, complete and orderly 
 appointments, has no superior, and it is acknowledged by all its guests. This is 
 deliberately stated. 
 
 The Baldwin House is open summer and winter. Free bus to and from the 
 house, connecting with all trains and steamboats. 
 
 Terms.— Transient board from May 1st to December 1st, $2.50 to $3 per 
 day, and from December 1st to May 1st, $2 to $2.50 per day— the prices rang- 
 ing according to rooms. Under this arrangement the guest pays for just such 
 accommodation as he receives, as nearly as this is possible under the " Ameri- 
 can plan." 
 
 By the week or more a reduced rate will be tnade t and special rates to fami» 
 lies for the season or year* 
 
HISTORICAL AND BUSINESS REVIEW. 
 
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24 NEWBURGH, N. Y 
 
 J^**Persons coming to the Baldwin House who have baggage are earnestly 
 requested to give their checks to the porter, or driver of the Baldwin House 
 Bus, who will be found near the depot, on landing, as it will save them a great 
 deal of trouble and annoyance. 
 
 From the N. Y. Commercial Advertiser, June 6th, 1876. 
 
 The Baldwin House overlooks the entire city of Newburgh, commands a 
 splendid view of the Highlands at West Point, and is, in all its appointments, 
 ■^credit to the projector and to the city in which it stands. 
 
 From the New York Evening Post, June 6th, 1876- 
 
 The Baldwin House, a new hotel at Newburgh, was formally opened last 
 evening. * * * The hotel is to supply a need which has been felt for 
 several years, and it will be open both summer and whiter. It is built of 
 brick, will accommodate about one hundred and forty persons, and is furnished 
 neatly and very comfortably. It has gas and other conveniences of the city, 
 and yet has a fine view of the Hudson River and the mountains which tower 
 so high above it, which is equalled by very few hotels on the river. To many 
 persons this hotel will be a great convenience. 
 
 Hon. Joel T. Headley, the Historian, etc., on the Baldwin House. 
 
 This hotel has the advantage of being on the outskirts of the city and is in 
 the city. It is six or eight minutes' walk from boat and cars, and yet is just 
 as much in the country as though it were one hundred miles in it. It has all 
 the advantages of the city and also those of the country, and unlike most of 
 our mountain houses, it is not open for three or four months of the year only, but 
 all the year round. A great many people need to be told that our winter 
 landscapes are even finer than those of summer. 
 
 Correspondence of the Newburgh Journal, June 18. 
 
 A Sabbath spent in Newburgh marks a pleasant epoch in the experience of 
 the tourist. Its elevated position, overlooking the grandest river and some 
 of the grandest scenery on this continent, its exemption from malarial sur- 
 roundings, its quiet streets and excellent society, all commend it as a place 
 of refreshing rest in the broadest and best sense of the term. Yesterday's 
 experience to the writer was every way enjoyable. * * I find the Baldwin 
 House a delightful and soothing retreat from the confused din and turmoil of 
 a perplexing and jarring world. It is eminently home-like in all its appoint- 
 ments. O. H. H. 
 
HISTORICAL ANt> BUSINESS REVIEW. 25 
 
 From Andrews' American Queen, August ijth, 187Q. 
 The Baldwin House "an all the year round resort," is located several 
 hundred feet above the Hudson, overlooking the City of Newburgh on a site 
 than which there is no better upon the " Rhine of America." Perfect in ft. 
 cuisine and appointments, surrounded by shaded lawns and an air of refinement, 
 is the popular Baldwin house. One does not tire of the picturesque scene from 
 this spot. Beyond the river the mountains tower high, here the Pishkill 
 ranee there the Highlands of West Point, and again parts of the Shenandoahs.. 
 Boating, fishing and hunting are very accessible, while the drives for rmles are 
 excellent, and the social life of the Baldwin House has its charms. 
 
 From the Lynn, Mass., City Item, July 1, 1882. 
 
 At six o'clock we steamed away from West Point in the Mary Powell and 
 were soon at Newburgh. Here carriages were in waiting to take us up the 
 steep hillside on which the city is built to the Baldwin House, which is 
 300 feet above the river. The city was founded in 1 779- I* » ™ the wect 
 bank of the Hudson, fifty-nine miles from New York City. 
 
 The Baldwin House is not so large as some we have visited but it was ust 
 large enough for our party, and mine host soon made everybody comfortable. 
 A good supper was supplemented with moonlight strolls, music and sociability, 
 and the evening was one of the jolliest of the excursion. 
 
 From the Newburgh Daily Register, July 3, 18 8 2 
 The Baldwin House, in its fresh paint and many new appointments, presents 
 an attractive appearance inside and out; and in addition thereto has many advan- 
 ces for boarding and transient guests. In location it is certain y superior to 
 any hotel in the city. Situated on the hill, it ha, fresh air and freedom from dust 
 and noise; while from its piazza the river and mountain view is extensive and 
 picturesque. Few hotels in all the broad country can be found which are more 
 completely both in and out of the world. The table is well supplied-its pre- 
 paration of edibles homelike, and the attention of its proprietor is given to 
 every department. In view of the prospective scarcity of hotels which shall 
 be free from the noise and dust of railroads, u is fortunate indeed fli.it we 
 have the " Baldwin " among us. 
 
 From the Evening Reporter, Woonsocket, R. /., July j>, 1S82. 
 Back to Newburgh, the « Queen City of the Hudson," just as the evening 
 shadows began to lengthen. At the Baldwin House, finely located on a prom- 
 inent plateau, with refreshing breezes from all points and attractive scenery a! 
 about The proprietor extended a cordial welcome and served an excellent 
 supper * * * Fro m what little we saw of Newburgh, the impression was 
 formed that it was a wide-awake city, with good air, interesting scenery, hos- 
 pitable people, and refined, industrious citizens. 
 
26 
 
 NEWBURGH, N. Y. 
 
 Hon. John A. Tar box, in the Sentinel, Lawrence, Mass., July 7, 1882. 
 
 A few miles above West Point, on the west bank of the Hudson, charmingly 
 seated on successive plateaus of the commanding bluffs, is Newburgh. Few 
 places can boast richer stores of incident and reminiscence connected with the 
 revolutionary period of our history, than this fine quaint old town, which 
 itself is an attraction, and a place of no mean social and business importance. 
 Washington's military headquarters were here from after Yorktown until the 
 conclusion of the war. * * * A day would scarce suffice for an inspection 
 of these riches, and we had but one hour, just time to discover that the col- 
 lection is curious and rare. 
 
 At Newburgh we stopped at the Baldwin House — occupying a fine site on 
 the Highlands, with sylvan guards against the encroaching town. There 
 were rather too many of us for the capacity of the house ; but the proprietor's 
 good humor was equal to the occasion, and his assiduous and successful 
 efforts to bestow us in comfort, merited and had our grateful applause. If we 
 ever re-visit Newburgh, as we hope we may, mine host of the Baldwin shall be 
 our host once more. 
 
 From the Cape Ann Advertiser, Friday, July 14, 1882. 
 
 Landing at Newburgh * * * soon we were packed into every conceiv- 
 able kind of conveyance, toiling up the steep streets of this city " set on a hill." 
 When we arrived at the Baldwin House we literally overflowed that hotel, 
 but luckily it is away from the dust and confinement of the lower town, and 
 located on a cool plateau, surrounded by cottages in which he soon disposed 
 of his overflow. After supper, accompanied by the proprietor, we ascended 
 to the roof of the Baldwin House, and one of the most magnificent moonlight 
 views rewarded our gaze. Newburgh Bay, with its environment of the High- 
 lands to the south-east, the mountains of Massachusetts to the north-east, the 
 Catskills to the north-west — in fact the view is mountain locked. 
 
 From the Rockland, Mass., Standard, July 22, 1882. 
 
 A city " set on a hill which cannot be hid " might verily apply to beautiful 
 Newburgh, on the west bank of the Hudson, just above the picturesque High- 
 lands. It was at this peaceful and restful place that we arrived at just as the 
 lengthening shadows were fading into twilight. The placid river reflecting 
 the beautiful coloring of the western horizon was flowing by the town undim- 
 med t ven by a ripple, and nature and art seemed combined to charm the 
 beholder with the beauty of the scene. Our destination was the Baldwin 
 House, whose commanding location and obliging landlord left nothing to be 
 desired Newburgh, in many respects, has the finest location of any town 
 ah>ng the river. The ground rises abruptly, affording a fine view and excel- 
 lent drainage, and its proximity to the Highlands renders its attractions all 
 the more interesting. 
 
HISTOEICAL AND BUSINESS REVIEW. 27 
 
 From Harry HazePs Yankee Blade, Boston, Saturday, July 2g, 1882. 
 
 Availing ourselves of the steamer " Mary Powell" on her upward trip, we 
 made good our retreat from West Point, and making a landing at Newburgh, 
 we took up our quarters on the heights of this busy town, as General Wash- 
 ington and his army did a century ago, not however at the house known as 
 his headquarters, but at a far more inviting and comfortable establishment for 
 man's entertainment — the well-known "Baldwin House." Attractive as the 
 house is in its interior arrangements, in its beautiful surroundings and in its 
 excellent management, we had some misgivings as to its capacity for accom- 
 modating so large a number of guests as our party embraced; but the propri- 
 etor was equal to the occasion, and to our surprise, soon all were so well and 
 comfortably bestowed, that no one could find the slightest cause for grum- 
 bling or complaint. A supper that would have delighted a hundred epicures", 
 surely could not have failed to satisfy the appetites of a hundred hungry edit 
 ors, including their fair companions. Yes, that supper was a success ; every 
 guest seemed almost a gourmand for the space of thirty minutes ; and yet the 
 proprietor complained that the hundred broiled spring chickens, so juicy and 
 tender, that he had provided, among other appetizing edibles, especially for 
 editorial mastication, were not half disposed of! In behalf of our brothers and 
 sisters, we condole with him in his disappointment, but a whole chicken, 
 a sizable sirloin steak, a brace of lamb chops, a plate of ham and eggs, with all 
 the variety of vegetable "fixins," and condiments, not to mention an ava- 
 lanche of pastry, a bountiful supply of strawberries and cream, ices, coffee, etc. 
 served to each guest, is altogether too liberal an allowance for ye average 
 editor. We certainly thought we did more than ordinary justice to this boun- 
 tiful repast; and we trust that mine host of the " Baldwin" will grant us for- 
 giveness for our lack of gastronomic capacity, promising, — that when we visit 
 his pleasant and hospitable home again, we'll fast for a day or two on a river 
 steamboat a la carte, by way of preparation, before venturing another onslought 
 on his bountifully supplied larder. 
 
 We cordially commend the Baldwin House to the healthful and hungry, but 
 to the confirmed dyspeptics— beware. The evening spent at the Baldwin 
 House was one of genuine enjoyment. * * * * * 
 
 After sleeping half the usual number of hours, the entire party mustered 
 early, looking as bright and cheerful as the morning itself. A substantial 
 breakfast was partaken of, and thus fortified, the tourists, in squads, took u^ 
 their line of march for Washington's headquarters, some five minutes' wal 
 from the Baldwin House. Standing on an eminence, facing to the east, and 
 commanding a magnificent view of the river to the bend at West Point and 
 almost the entire range of the majestic Highlands, is the one story stone house 
 occupied by Washington and his staff, before the nation's liberty was achieved, 
 and at the mustering out of his victorious army. * * * * We 
 
 saw at a glance, on passing the threshold, so often passed by Washington mi 
 
:28 
 
 his Generals, that the interior is stored with precious relics of not less than 
 four wars in which the country has been engaged. 
 
 Boston Times, September jo , 1882. 
 
 Up the Hudson. * * * Just here let me say that I have read much of 
 the Hudson, and more than once accused writers of " laying it on ;" but from 
 this out, I take that all back and say instead, that the half was never told of 
 its manifold beauties. * * * West Point is another beautiful sight, but 
 my party being of a strictly antiquarian turn, and a bit patriotic withal, were 
 too much interested in trying to catch sight of Newburgh, our destination, to 
 appreciate the attractions of West Point. Probably the prospective dinner at 
 the Baldwin House had something to do with this lack of natural sentiment. 
 * * * The Baldwin House is charmingly located, on the highest plateau, 
 and overlooks the entire city of Newburgh, as well as a scope of scenery 
 including Cornwall, the Fishkdl, Matteawan and Storm King mountains, and 
 the Hudson River from West Point to New Hamburgh, a reach of twenty 
 miles. I believe I alluded to our yearning for dinner ; let me add that we got 
 it, and a good one, and one, by the way, for which we shall ever hold the 
 Baldwin House in grateful remembrance. 
 
 From the New York Mail and Express, June 7, 18 83. 
 
 A large number of representatives of the best families of Newburgh assem- 
 bled on Tuesday evening at the Baldwin House in that city to celebrate the 
 re-opening of the hotel. After strolling through the building the guests went 
 out on the broad piazzas, from which one of the loveliest views in the country 
 can be obtained. The hotel is located over 200 feet above tide-water, and 
 looks down on the City of Newburgh, embowered in trees. The view from 
 the hotel embraces Cornwall, Fishkill Landing, Newburgh Bay, the Hudson 
 River, Fishkill Mountains, Shenandoah Mountains, the Storm King, the Schu- 
 nemunk Mountains and the Highlands of the Hudson. Later in the evening 
 dinner was served, after which toasts were in order. Hon. J. J. Headley, 
 the historian, was chairman. He made a brief address, praising the energy 
 of Mr. John Baldwin, the proprietor of the hotel. Hon. James G. Graham 
 and others responded to toasts, A grand ball was afterward participated in 
 by the guests. 
 
HISTORICAL AND BUSINESS REVIEW. 
 
 fissitot-s. 
 
 The many patrons of the Baldwin Hpuse can be referred to, as to the stan- 
 dard of the house, its beds, tables, and select company. 
 
 We have only room in this pamphlet for a few of the names of persons in 
 New York, Brooklyn, Boston, Philadelphia, and other places, who have been 
 its guests during the present management. 
 
 Tinker, Mr. W.L. & wife, Newark, N.J 
 Carver, Rev. Dr. " 
 
 Van Houghton,Mr.EliW.&wife " 
 Hazard, Rev. O. H., Bound Brook, " 
 Hebbard, Mr. D. & wife, Maulins,N.Y. 
 Cairold, Rev. J. Halstead, & wife, Still- 
 water, Mich. 
 Starkey, Dr.C. & wife, Milwaukee, Wis 
 Spalsbury, Mr.R., Clifton Springs,N.Y. 
 Felt, Mr. J. B., 
 Wilcox, F. Z., Elmira, 
 Gerdes, Mr. F. H., Washington, D. C. 
 White, Mr. H. D., New Haven, Ct. 
 White, Miss, " " 
 
 Higgins, Mr. S. W., Hartford, 
 Marsh, Mr J.H.& wife,Danbury, " 
 Bayne, Mr. G. H., Baltimore, Md. 
 Chittenden, Mrs. C.L., Fort Wayne, Ind. 
 Lockwood, Mr. Chas., Yonkers, N. Y. 
 Belknapp, Mr. C F., " " 
 
 Belknapp, Miss, " " 
 
 McAlpine, Mr. B. D.& wife, Rochester, 
 
 N. Y. 
 Jones,Mr. Harry C.,Staten Island, N.Y. 
 Frasse, Mrs. Wm. H.Jersey City, N.J. 
 Fuller, Rev. E. Q., Atlanta, Ga. 
 
 Thorn, Mr. Frank A., Nev 
 Wakefield, Mr. W. L. & wife, 
 Raynolds, Mrs. C. B., 
 Raynolds, Miss, 
 Raynolds, Mr. T. B., 
 
 ork. 
 
 Thomas, Mr. H. L., New York, 
 
 Haynes, Mr. A. E. " 
 Torry, Mr. E. S. & family, 
 
 Hoehing, Rev. A. E. & wife, " 
 McAlpine, Mr. B. R. & wife, 
 
 McAlpine, Miss, " 
 
 Dolan, Miss Maria, " 
 
 Bogart, Mr. John & wife, " 
 
 Brinckerhoff, Mrs. H., " 
 
 Miller, Mr. N. H., « 
 
 Bang, Mr. Henry C., " 
 
 Smith, Mr. Moody B. & wife, " 
 
 Hunt, Mr. A. C. & wife, '« 
 
 Levy, Mr. P. B. & wife, " 
 
 Arkush, Mr. S. J. & wife, " 
 
 Phelps, Mr. Isaac N. & wife, " 
 Fisk, Mr. D. E. & wife, 
 
 Burrell, Miss Ann, " 
 
 Loomis, Mr. C. H. & wife, «' 
 
 Mandeville, Rev. G. H., " 
 
 Charlier, Mrs., " 
 
 Charlier, Miss E., " 
 
 Edson, Miss M. A., " 
 
 Edson, Miss Susan M., «« 
 
 Duckworth, Mrs. M. H., " 
 
 Duckworth, Miss. '* 
 
 Duckworth, Miss E., " 
 Johnston, Mr. Andrew, & family, " 
 
 Purdy, Mr. J. M. & family, " 
 
 Shinn, Mr. Luther E., " 
 
 Chapman, Mr. C, D. ? <« 
 
30 
 
 NEWBURGH, N. Y. 
 
 Sandham, Mrs New York. 
 
 Sand ham, Miss, 
 
 Weer, Mr. John, 
 
 Campman, Mrs. II. & daughter 
 
 Rodman, Mr. T. J., 
 
 Elliot, Mr. A N., 
 
 Beatley, Mr.Joseph W.& family, 
 
 Cutter, Mr. C. F., 
 
 Bunn, Frank S., 
 
 Harrison, W. H. & wife, 
 
 Sawyer, Mr. J. C, 
 
 Baldwin, Mr. W. F., 
 
 Fox, Mr. Edward R. & wife, 
 
 Dolan, Miss Ellen, 
 
 Harrison, Miss Alice, 
 
 Harrison, Mr. Louis, 
 
 Odcll, Dr. O. D. & sister, 
 
 Robinson, Wm. H., 
 
 Collins, F. A., 
 
 Greenfield, Miss Bessie, 
 
 Peabody, Mr. G. L. & wife, 
 
 Spaulding, Mr. C, 
 
 Baird, Mr. John & wife, 
 
 Bayne, A. C, 
 
 Lyman, Mr. T. C, 
 
 Peters, Mr. C. C, 
 
 Tracy, Miss C. R., 
 
 Tracy, Mr. L. M., 
 
 Bogardus, Mr. Wm., 
 
 Rhind, Mr. Charles, & wife, 
 
 Khind, Miss F., 
 
 Robbins, Dr. H. A., 
 
 Leonard, Mr. E. C., 
 
 Harris, Mr. H. C, 
 
 Morrison, Mr. M. A. & wife, 
 
 Cooke, Mr. W. R. & wife, 
 
 Holt, Mrs. J. R., 
 
 Drew, Miss L. M,, 
 
 Leavitt, Mr. George A. & wife, 
 
 Leavitt, Mr. George A., Jr., 
 
 Adams,Mr.Harvey H., Brooklyn, N.Y. 
 
 Dexter, Mr. E. B., 
 
 Force, Mr. George W., 
 
 Tibbals, Rev. Chas. A., 
 
 Counant, Mr. George H. & wife, 
 
 Brookyn, N. Y 
 Tibbals, Mr. N. & family, " 
 
 Tibbals, Mr. John J. & wife, " 
 Quimby, Mr. D. W. & family, " 
 Quimby, Mr. Wm. & family, " 
 Hewitt, Mr. J. L. & wife, " 
 
 Hewitt, Miss S. L., " 
 
 Phelan, Mr. George A. & wife, " 
 Gilchrest, Mr. Wm. F., " 
 
 Bennett, Mr. C. M., " 
 
 Preston, Mr. J. H., " 
 
 Aldrich, Mr. Alonzo & wife, rt 
 Cheever, Mr. J. C F., 
 Frost, Mr. Herman & wife, " 
 
 Combs, Mr. M. H., & wife, 
 Reid, George W. & family, " 
 
 Pearce, Father, " 
 
 Mc Mullen, Wallace, " 
 
 Wood, Mr. E... 
 
 Palmer, Win. & wife, " 
 
 Sprague, Mr. L. A. & wife, " 
 
 Jones, Mr. Justin, Boston, Mass, 
 Foote, Rev. H. W., 
 Andrews, Miss Louise, 
 Snow, Mr. George K. & wife, 
 Snow, Mr. Wm. G., 
 Slack, Mr. Chas. W. & wife, 
 Vannevar, Mr. E. B. & wife, 
 Tucker, Mr. M. W.," 
 Balkam, Miss Gertie, 
 Hooper, Mr. R. H., 
 Bronson, Mr. J. T., 
 Stewart, Mr. M. J., 
 Brown, Mr. T. B., 
 Hilliard, Mr. A. D., 
 Turner, Mr. Robert, 
 Gould, Mr. Henry F., 
 Chamberlain, Mrs. A. W., 
 Pike, Mrs. E. T., 
 Ranney, Mrs. S. R., 
 Keys, Mr. Carleton, 
 Towers, Mr. George C, " 
 West, Miss P. H., 
 Flagg, Mrs, F, D., 
 
HISTORICAL AND BUSINESS REVIEW. 
 
 31 
 
 Shaw, Miss Nellie L., Boston, Mass. 
 Holden, Mr. Luther L., 
 Ingalls, Mr. O. H., 
 Minott, Mr. Henry D., " 
 
 Bailey, Mr. H. B., 
 Barry, Miss F., " 
 
 Brigham, Mr. O. E., 
 Mead, Mr. C. H. & wife, 
 Clayton, Mr. F. & wife, 
 Rockwell, Mr. L. R., 
 Glonninger,Dr. S. & wife, Philadelphia. 
 Glonninger, Mr. John P., " 
 
 Robinson, Rev. N. F., " 
 
 Marshall, Mr. Wm. B. & wife, " 
 Warden, Miss Jennie, " 
 
 Garton, Miss Lillie P., " 
 
 Buchanan, Mr. James A., " 
 
 Wilson, Mr. Wm. H., " 
 
 Post, Mr. William, Camden, N. J. 
 Umpleby, Mr. Wm., Trenton, N. J, 
 Blackwell,Mr.Wm.B.& wife, " 
 Roberts, Rev. Wm. H. & wife, Prince 
 
 ton, N. J. 
 English, Mr. NJ. & wife,Elizabeth,N.J 
 Smith, Mr. J. S., Rockland, Mass 
 Pool, Mr. J. B., 
 
 Harrington, Miss Edith, Watertown, " 
 Drake, Mr. N. & wife. 
 Whittaker, Mr. G. M. & wife, South- 
 
 bridge, Mass. 
 Blake,Mr. Henry W. .Springfield, Mass. 
 Cheever, Mr. A. W. & wife, Sheldon- 
 
 . ville, Mass. 
 Dexter,Mr. D.Gilbert, Cambridge, Mass. 
 Foster, Mr. Geo. & wife, Andover, " 
 Hayden, Mr. Lewis, Hopkinton, " 
 Parker, Mr. John L. t Lynn, " 
 
 Hastings, Horace N.& wife,Lynn,Mass. 
 Hastings, Miss Etta A., " 
 Hastings, Mr. H. N. & wife, " " 
 
 Glines, Miss Lucie J., " M 
 
 Raymond, Mr. E. P., New Bedford, " 
 Sylvester, Mr. H. H., Middletown, " 
 Sheppard, C. H., Danvers, " 
 
 Tarbox, Hon. John K., Lawrence, " 
 Kendall, Mr. George N., Athol, " 
 Waterman, Mr. R. W., " «* 
 
 Horton, Mr. N. A., Salem, " 
 
 Hall,Mr. Henry C. & wife.Waltham, " 
 Cook, Mr. H., Milford, 
 Proctor, Mr. Francis, & wife, Glouces- 
 ter, Mass. 
 Proctor, Mr. George H. & wife, Glou- 
 cester, Mass. 
 Proctor, Miss F. M. Gloucester, Mass. 
 Moore, Miss Hattie B., " " 
 
 Hall, Mr. E. A., Greenfield, 
 Hall, Miss Jennie, " " 
 
 Deane, Miss Fannie, " " 
 
 Rolfe, Mr. W. S. & wife, Cambridge- 
 port, Mass. 
 Tower, Mrs., Cambridgeport, Mass. 
 Crocker, Miss Ella, " " 
 
 Pratt, Mrs. C. M., Wakefield, 
 Pease, Mr.L.K & wife, Woonsocket.R.L 
 Ray, Mr. Elmer M., & wife, 
 Cook, Mr. Frank W. & wife, " 
 Lee, Mr. Chas. & wife, Pawtucket, " 
 Leonard, Mrs. E. G., " " 
 
 Mason, Mrs. E. S., '* 
 
 Arnold, Miss Lucy, " " 
 
 Campbell, Mr. J. H. & wife, Phenix, " 
 Wright, Mr. H. E., Lonsdale, 
 
Washington's Headquarters. 
 
 The building now so generally known as Washington's Headquarters at 
 Newburgh is ten minutes' walk from the Baldwin House, and is situated in the 
 south-east part of the city. It is constructed of rough stone, is one story high, 
 fifty feet front by forty-six feet deep. The north-east corner is the oldest por- 
 tion, having been erected by Colonel Hasbrouck in 1750. The south-east 
 corner was added by him for a kitchen, and in 1770 he erected the west half 
 .and covered the whole with one roof. During the early part of the Revo- 
 lution the Committee of Safety of the Precinct oi Newburgh assembled in the 
 building, and many military companies were organized there. 
 
 In the Spring of 1782, Washington made this building his headquarters, and 
 remained here until August 18th, 1783, on the morning of which day he took 
 his departure from Newburgh. At this place he passed through the most try- 
 ing period of the Revolution — the year of inactivity on the part of Con^res^. 
 of distress throughout the country, and of complaint and discontent 
 army, the latter at one time bordering on revolt among officers and soldiers. 
 
 Notice of the cessation of hostilities was proclaimed to the army April 19/h, 
 1783. It was received with great rejoicings by the troops at Newburgh, and, 
 under Washington's order, was the occasion of an appropriate celebration, in 
 the evening, signal beacon lights proclaimed the joyous news to the surround- 
 ing country. Thirteen cannon came pealing up from Fort Putnam, which 
 were followed by a fen-de-joie rolling along the lines. That portion of the 
 army which remained at Newburgh on guard duty, after the removal of the 
 main body to West Point, in May, were participants here in the cl ■ ' ■ 
 
Washington's headquarters. 33 
 
 of the disbandment, when, on the morning of November 3d, 1783, the procla- 
 mation of Congress and the farewell orders of Washington were read, and the 
 last word of command given. 
 
 While Washington had his headquarters in this house his family consisted 
 of himself, his wife, and his aid-de-camp, Major Tench Tighlman. The large 
 room, which is entered from the piazza on the east, known as "the room 
 with seven doors and one window," was used as the dining and sitting-room. 
 The north-east room was Washington's bedroom, and the one adjoining it on 
 the left was occupied by him as a private office. The family room was that in 
 the south-east; the kitchen was the south-west room; the parlor in the north-west 
 room. Between the latter and the former was the hall and staircase, and the 
 store-room — so called from having been used by Colonel Hasbrouck, and sub- 
 sequently by his widow as a store . The parlor was mainly reserved for Mrs. 
 Washington and her guests. After the disbandment of the army, the Has- 
 brouck family resumed possession of the house and remained here until a short 
 time anterior to 1S49. when the title of the property became vested in the peo- 
 ple of the State of New York, under the foreclosure of a mortgage given to the 
 commissioners to loan certain moneys of the United States. For many years 
 it was called " The Old Hasbrouck House ;" but the memory of Washington, 
 and the events which clustered around it during his residence here, ever 
 brightening as time advanced, caused this name gradually to fade away before 
 the undying one by which it is now known. 
 
 By an act of Legislature, passed April 10th, 1850, the property was placed 
 in the care of the Board of Trustees of the then village of Newburgh, to be 
 preserved as nearly as possible as it was at the time of its occupation by 
 Washington, and to erect a flagstaff from which should be unfolded the 
 United States flag, upon which should be inscribed : "Liberty and Union, 
 now and forever, one and inseparable." 
 
 In 1874 the City was given, by special bequest of the late Enoch Carter, all 
 the relics, curiosities, and articles of personal property in the building, and the 
 residuary legatees of this will agreeing to the transfer, the Common Council 
 placed the curiosities in the custody of the Trustees of Washington's Head- 
 quarters for arrangement and exhibition. These articles number over 800, 
 and represent an extraordinary variety of material, embracing letters to and 
 from Washington, military orders, passes to soldiers, portions of personal 
 attire and camp equipage — -swords, guns, specimens of land and water, means 
 of defence, linked chains, and numerous historical mementoes not belonging to 
 the revolutionary epoch. The interior of the building had been modernized in 
 some respects, but the Trustees of Newburgh, true to their trust, appointed a 
 committee, of which the late Enoch Carter was chairman, and by them every 
 part of the building was carefully restored to the condition it was in at the time 
 of its occupation by Washington. Therefore the building is now substantially 
 in the condition it was during Washington's occupation of it. The same 
 massive timbers span the ceiling ; the old fire place with its -wide open 
 chimney, is ready for the huge back-logs of yore ; the seven doors are in 
 
 3 -. 
 
u 
 
 V, ASliiNliTuX'S llEAiJQii aim ESS ; 
 
 their places ; the rays of the morning sun still stream through the one window; 
 no alteration in form has been made even in the old piazza — the adornments on 
 the walls, if such th'e ancient had, have alone been changed for souveners of 
 the heroes of the nation's independence. Viewing here these tattered Uni- 
 forms, broken muskets, shot and sabre and shell, all visible memories of the 
 trials, hardships and perils which have made us free, even the most stolid 
 visitor cannot but uncover his head with reverence and awe. 
 
 THE ROOM WITH SEVEN DOORS AND ONE WINDOW. 
 
 " Once ; ah once, within these walls, 
 One whom memory oft recalls, 
 The Farbei of his country, dwelt ; 
 And yonder meadows bread and damp. 
 The fire- of the beseiging camp 
 Encircled with a burning belt. 
 Up and down these echoing stairs, 
 Heavy with the weight of cares, 
 Sounded his majestic tread ; 
 Yes, within this very room 
 Sat he, in those hours of gioom, 
 Weary both in heart and head." 
 
 Fortunate will it be for America if in the coming time her children, drawing 
 inspiration from these old walls, and from the lessons of patriotism, of honor, 
 of official integrity, of political action, which were here inculcated, shall sin- 
 cerely and reverentially respond, " The seven doors and one window — we are 
 at Washington's Headquarters on the Hudson." 
 
W ASH LSTGTO if S II K A D QU A RT ERS . 35 
 
 A Catalogue of Revolutionary Relics, &c. , contained in Wash- 
 ington's Headquarters, Newburgh, N. Y. 
 
 The Ellison Papers, Nos. I to 13 inclusive, were presented by Thomas 
 Ellison, Jr., and are composed of letters?, commissions, certificates, &c, and 
 are dated from 1753 to 1 783. 
 
 13^ is a copy Certificate from Major General Knox, endorsed by Pickering, 
 
 Q.M.G., stating that General Greene, 
 
 Knox's HEADQUARTEBS. 1780, to the 4th of July, 1781, I occu- 
 
 pied two rooms as military quarters; 
 and from May, 1782, to September, I occupied one room for the same purpose, 
 making fourteen weeks." Dated, West Point, 9th Sept. 1873. John Ellison 
 was brother to William and son of the first settler, Col. Thomas Ellison. 
 The house is still in the possession of the Ellison heirs. 
 
 Next in order are the Clinton Papers, presented by James Clinton Bolton, 
 Esq., and are numbered from 14 to 17, and letters B, C, D, E, E2, E3 and F. 
 They are dated from 1762 to 17S8. 
 
 Next will be seen the Sackett Papers, which were presented by Samuel B. 
 Sackett, Esq., and are dated from 1775 to 1786. They are Nos. 19 to 38 in- 
 clusive. 
 
 The papers numbered from 38 i to 47^, exhibit first, the primal cause of tfie 
 rebellion of the Colonies, and second, the action of the people in the several 
 stages of the events preceding the adoption of the Declaration of Independ- 
 ence. They are all dated during the years 1774, '75 and '76. 
 
 Papers Nos. 48 to 50^ relate to the expedition against Canada in the Cam- 
 paign of 1775. 
 
 The letters, &c, Nos. 51, 52, 53 and 54, relate to Burgoyne's Expedition, and 
 his surrender to General Yates at Saratoga, which occurred in the Eall of 1777. 
 
 The papers, Nos. 55 to 65 are known as Fort Montgomery and Fort Consti 
 tution papers, and are all dated during 1776 and 1777. 
 
 Next in order are letters, &c, Nos. 66 to 97 inclusive, and are entirely from 
 the Clinton Papers, presented by James C. Bolton, Esq., and relate to the 
 obstructions in the Hudson River, and are dated from July 16, 1776 to Oct. 
 14, 1776. 
 
 Fetters 98 and 99 relate to beacon lights and signal guns, 
 
36 HISTORICAL AND BUSINESS REVIEW. 
 
 The papers of the series known as the Miller Papers, were presented by 
 Thomas C King, Esq., and relate to privateering, and are numbered from ioo 
 to 109. The manuscripts which are Nos. 110 to 118, relate principally to 
 conspiracies by persons disaffected to the cause of America, and empowering 
 committees for detecting and defeating their purposes. 
 
 Letters numbering from 1 19 to 133 are quite valuable. Several are from 
 Washington himself, and the others from his Generals, two of them from Gen- 
 eral Lafayette. The next lot of letters, numbering 134 to 153, are a miscella- 
 neous collection. Among them will be found a note of Patrick Henry promis- 
 ing to pay Philip Ryan twelve pounds ten shillings. 
 
 The next papers 155 to 162 are quite important, and are known as the 
 Andre and Smith Papers, and will bring to mind the treason of Arnold and 
 the fate of Andre. 
 
 The next papers, 163, 164, and 165 are the Claudius Smith Papers. Claudius 
 Smith was the leader of a band of Tories, who infested the Highlands during 
 the Revolution. 
 
 The Colonel Isaac Nicoll Papers number from 166 to 172. 
 
 The papers numbered from 173 to 181 are order books and miscellaneous 
 papers ; these will be found very interesting. 
 
 The Denning Papers number 182 to 188. One of these is a letter from 
 Washington to Denning, No. 186, which is dated Nov. 2d, 1780. 
 > The next papers in order are known as The Encampment Papers, and 
 relate principally to the distribution of supplies, and number from 190 to 208. 
 
 The next in order are Returns, Pay-rolls etc., and number from 208^ 
 to 223 £. 
 
 The papers numbering 224 to 228^ are certificates of service, etc. 
 
 The next come under the head of Miscellaneous Papers, and number from 
 229 to 253. Among them are specimens of New York, New Jersey and 
 Continental money passes. A marriage license, dated May 11, 1762, (No. 
 239,) etc. 
 
 The next letters, numbering from 275 to 280, were written during the 
 war of 1812. 
 
 The papers known as the Land Papers, are numbered from 297 to 312, and 
 are deeds, patents and transfers of land grants; some of the deeds are dated 
 as far back as 1639. 
 
 The next papers, numbering from 313 to 333, are mostly circulars and 
 old newspapers; one paper, " The London Gazette," dated Sept. 1691. 
 
 The Newburgh Historical Society Papers, number from 350 to 368, and 
 books and papers, including some old Dutch Bibles, the first General History 
 of the Revolution ever written, etc., number from 400 to 429. 
 
 450 Portrait of General and Mrs. Washington. 
 
 451. . . " u Washington, steel plate 
 
 452... " " Uzal Knapp, the last member of Washington's Life Guard, 
 
 453. . . '*..*' La Fayette 
 
 454. . . " f t " General William G. Belknap, 
 
Washington's headquarters. 37 
 
 455. Portrait of Gouverneur Morris. 
 
 456. . . '.'.." Henry Clay. 
 
 457. . . *'..*' Governor Clinton. 
 
 458. " " General James Clinton. 
 458^. " " Mrs. General James Clinton. 
 
 459. " «' De Witt Clinton. 
 
 460. Portraits of the Presidents of the United States. 
 
 461. Portrait of Eli Hasbrouck. 
 
 462. Medallion of Enoch Carter. 
 
 463. Photograph: Past and Present of the United States. 
 
 464. " Washington's Headquarters at New Windsor. 
 
 465. " Medallions of Washington's Headquarters at different places. 
 
 466. View of Newburgh. 
 
 467. A Letter of Washington's, photographed. 
 
 468. Plan of the Siege of Yorktown. 
 
 469. A Map. 
 
 470. One pound note of the Bank of Waterford, Ireland. 
 
 471. Lithograph signatures to Declaration of Independence. 
 
 472. Portrait of Hon. Lewis Cass. 
 
 473. Portrait of Mrs. Hon. Jonathan Fisk. 
 
 474. Portrait of Washington, embroidered on silk in floss. 
 474^. Needlework of 1873. 
 
 475. Steel Engraving. 
 
 478. Sword of La Fayette. 
 
 479, 480. Two Swords. 
 
 481. Aaron Burr's Sabre. 
 
 482, 483. Two Swords. 
 484. Sword and Pistol. 
 485-489. Five Swords. 
 
 490. Basket Hilt Broadsword. 
 
 491. Hilt of a Hessian Sword. 
 
 496-519. Bayonets, Muskets, Pistols and Shot Guns 
 520-532. Cannon Balls, Bomb Shells, Grape Shot, etc. 
 533-539- Powder Horns. 
 540-560. Collection of Indian Curiosities. 
 
 Miscellaneous Relics. 
 
 561. Martha Washington Watch. Purchased by subscription from heirs of the 
 late Enoch Carter for this collection. The watch bears the name of its 
 maker, " Barwie, London, No. 743." 'It was made to order for Mrs. 
 Curtis (1758) before her marriage with Washington, and was worn by her 
 for many years, including the period of her occupancy of this building 
 with her husband. Its authenticity is unquestionable. 
 
 562, A Monumental Column composed of stones, etc, 
 
^38 HISTORICAL AND BUSINESS REVIEW. 
 
 '563. A Razor. 
 
 564. A broken Pipe. 
 
 565. Key of the old Goshen Jail. 
 
 566. Relics found on Temple Hill, New Windsor. 
 
 567. Button. 
 
 568. Button — found on camp ground, New Windsor. 
 568j. Button of 3d Massachusetts Regiment. 
 
 569. Spanish Coin. 
 
 570. Copper Coin, 1730 — dug up on Headquarters ground. 
 5705. A variety of coins, etc. 
 
 571. Shoe. 
 
 572. Knife — plowed up on the battle-held at Saratoga. 
 
 573. Hessian Camp-Kettle. 
 
 574. A French Imperial Eagle. 
 
 575. Charred Wheat. 
 
 576. Knife and Fork (combined) — formerly used by a Revolutionary soldier. 
 
 577. Wafer-box and Nest of Weights. 
 
 578. Surveying Chain. 
 
 579. Spur — worn by Maj. Andre at the time of his capture. From the Van 
 
 Wart family of Westchester county. 
 
 580. Pocket-book. 
 
 581. Hessian Officer's Boot. 
 
 582. Surgical Instruments — belonged to Dr. Osborne, a surgeon of the Conti- 
 
 nental army. 
 
 583. Pioneer Axe. Found in the heart of a tree on Plum Point. 
 
 584. Axe. Found buried on Plum Point. 
 
 585. Canteen of Abraham Van Vlack. 
 
 5S6. Camp-canister of Capt. Campbell, an English officer. 
 
 587. Stone Images— found in front of the temple of Pcestume, Italy, 
 
 c88. Japanese Musical Instrument —made of reeds. 
 
 589. Impressions from an original Medal struck by order of Parliament, A. D. 
 1650, in honor of Oliver Cromwell's victory. Face— Portrait of Oliver 
 Cromwell, with English army in the background. Reverse — English 
 Parliament in session. 
 
 596. Drinking Horn^cup of the Revolution, 
 
 591. Mexjcan Saddle. 
 
 592. SpontQon, or half-spear. 
 
 593. Spontoon. 
 
 594. Spontoon — shaft broken. 
 
 595. Gun-lock. From American Camp at Harlem. 
 
 596. Chest-lock. Antique, and once useful. 
 
 597. Cannon -rammer. Taken at Saratoga, 1777. 
 
 598. Foot Stove. 
 
 599. Two Military Cap Plates. 
 
 fog, Knife— used by Capt. Abm. Schenck in the Revolution* 
 
Washington's iieadqUa rters. 
 
 601. Spurs — found on the battle-field at Buena-Vista, Mexico. 
 
 602. An old Hatchet that always told the truth. 
 
 603. Seal of the State of New York, 1777. 
 
 604. Seal of the State of New York, 1793. 
 
 605. Seal of Princeton College, 1762. 
 
 606. Flag of the Orange Hussars, a local Cavalry company organized in 1793. 
 
 607. Remains of Guidon of 7th Independent Battery. 
 
 608. Door of the " Famous Block-house, near Fort Lee, in Bergen Woods " 
 
 609. Cannon — an iron 4-lb. 
 
 610. Experimental Cannon- breech loading, with carriage. 
 
 611. Frame of the first Umbrella made in the State of New Jersey. 
 
 612. French Coffee Urn. 
 
 613. Flags of 124th Regiment, N. Y. S. V. 
 
 614. Bell of the Palatine Parish of Quassaick. "Amsterdam, 1716/ 
 
 615. Washington's Arm-Chair. 
 
 616. Table and three Chairs. 
 
 Furniture. 
 
 617. Desk and Book-case. 
 
 618. Large Show-case.. 
 
 619. Table and Stool. 
 
 620. Sofa. Formerly belonged to the Clintons. 
 
 621. Piano made in 1760. 
 
 622. Looking-glass. 
 
 623 Pair of Antique Andirons. 
 
 624. Pair of Andirons. 
 
 625. Pair of Andirons. 
 
 626. Eight Chairs — antique pattern. 
 
 627. Lafayette's Table. 
 
 628. Lafayette's Tea-kettle. 
 
 629. Fire Shovel. In use by the Hasbrouck family for many years, and 
 never removed from the house. It stirred up the coals on this old hearth 
 when Washington sat before the fire, and could tell old-fashioned tales of 
 old times, 
 
 630. Waffle Irons — for use in fire places. 
 
 631. Pair of Box-stove Plates. 
 
 632. Chair of the First Congress under the Constitution. Was in use by 
 Congress in City Hall, New York, at the inauguration of Washington, 
 April 30th, 1789. 
 
 Souvenirs. 
 
 635. Lock of Washington's Hair. Fully authenticated. From the family 
 of the late Judge Thompson of the Supreme Court of the United States. 
 
 636. Lock of La Fayette's Hair. Fully authenticated. 
 
40 HISTORICAL AND BUSINESS RKVIEW. 
 
 637. Piece of the Old Jersey 1 rison Ship— the " floating hell " of Wallabout 
 Bay, as it was called by the prisoners confined therein by order of the Eng 
 lish officers. 
 
 638. Piece of the British Ship Hussar— sunk in Hurl-Gate in 1778. The 
 vessel contained gold to pay the British troops. 
 
 639. Piece of the old Sugar House, New York. The building was used as a 
 prison by the British during the Revolution. 
 
 640. Piece of the old Provost Prison Park, New York, the most famous of 
 the British Prisons. 
 
 641. Piece of Washington': Coffin. 
 
 642. Piece of a Dress worn by Mrs. Washington. 
 
 643. Limb of tree under which Burgoyne surrendered to Gen. Gates, Oct. 
 16, 1777. 
 
 644. Piece of Commodoie Ferry's Flag-ship, Lawrence. 
 
 645. Piece of Flag-stafi of JS.itional Palace, Mexico. 
 
 646. Piece of the Hearth-sioiie of Capt. Miles Standish's residence. 
 
 648. Piece of the Charter Oa»<, Hartford, Conn. 
 
 649. Mortar— from the top ol the Cathedral of Notre Dame, Antwerp, Bel. 
 
 650. Santa Anna's Sash. Token at Tehuacan. 
 
 651. Lady's Sack of 1614. 
 
 652. Lady's Dress of the prevailing fashion of the Revolutionary period — 
 worn by Mrs. Christopher Tappen. 
 
 653. Lady's Waistcoat of 1827. 
 
 654. Lady's Shoe and Over Shoe of 1670. 
 
 655. Ladies' Shoes and Slippers of the Revolutionary period. 
 
 656. Velvet Vest of the Revolution. Worn by Gilbert Livingston while a 
 member of the Legislature, 1777-78. 
 
 657. Buckskin Breeches — worn as above. 
 
 658. Beaver-cloth Breeches of the Revolution. 
 
 658^. Knee and Shoe Buckles of the Revolution — belonged to Samuel Sackett. 
 
 659. Wooden Shoes and Shoes with wooden soles. 
 
 660. Homespun Linen Rifle -jacket — the uniform of Morgan's Riflemen — worn 
 by Capt. Abraham Duryea. 
 
 661. Knapsack of Capt. David Uhl. and worn by him when he joined the 
 army at Harlem. 
 
 66i|. Knapsack worn at Chapultapec, Mexico. 
 
 662. Sole of Shoe of American Giant — 14^ inches, size 18s. 
 
 663. Sandwich Island Native's Fish-pouch. 
 
 664. Cap worn by executioners of capital offenders. 
 
 665. Continental Hat. Worn by the late Robert Waugh from 1760 to 1816. 
 
 666. Blanket — Indian goods — part of the supplies sent out by England to her 
 Indian allies during the Revolution. 
 
 667. Coat — worn by the late Col. James Duncan in all his battles in Mexico. 
 
 668. Hat — worn by Col. Duncan (as above). 
 
 669. Spatter-Dashers — worn by Col. Duncan (as above). 
 
Washington's headquarters. 41 
 
 670. Epaulette of Lieutenant Robert Burnet, an officer of the army of the 
 Revolution — worn in 1782-83. 
 
 Minerals. 
 
 675. Minerals. Deposited by the Newburgh Historical Society. 
 
 676. Specimens of Lead Ore. 
 
 677. Stone resembling human foot. 
 
 678. Rib of Whale. 
 
 679. Skeleton Head — dug up on Plum Point. 
 
 680. Skeleton Head — as above. 
 
 681. Skeleton of Japan goat's head. 
 
 Obstruction Relics. 
 
 690. Head of one of the Spears of the Chevaux-de-frise placed in Hudson's 
 river, near Palopel's island, in 1777, to prevent the passage of the Enghsn 
 fleet. 
 
 691. Link of Fort Montgomery Chain. 
 
 692. A portion of Boom and Chains, 
 
 Trophies from the State Arsenal. 
 
 700. One Trophy Cimeter — blade marked with peculiar Emblems — relic of 
 the Revolution. 
 
 701. Two Trophy Sabres— from Lundy's Lane— War of 1812. 
 
 702. Six Cavalry Sabres — War of 1812. 
 
 703. Four Cutlasses — War of 1812. 
 
 704. Six Broadswords— War of 1812. 
 
 705. Twenty French Muskets — part of the number obtained in France by 
 Lafayette, and with which the Corps which he commanded in 1780 was 
 armed. 
 
 706. Twenty-six English Muskets. Taken from the Hessians at Trenton, by 
 Washington, Dec. 26, 1776. 
 
 707. Twelve English Pistols. Taken at Trenton, as above. 
 
 708. Two Ellis Rifles— for four charges— sliding lock. 
 7C9. One of Hall's Rifles— loading at breech. 
 
 710. Four Stock Lock Muskets. 
 
 711. A number of Cannon Balls. 
 Two Tube Canisters. 
 
 Hand Granade, used at Saratoga. 
 
 712. Two Pole-axes or Boarding-axes — taken from the English, 
 
 713. Two Cartridge-boxes used in war of Revolution, 
 
42 HISTORICAL AND BUSINESS REVIEW. 
 
 714. Cartridge-box — taken from the body of a dead soldier at Plattsburgh. 
 The bullet hole will be observed. 
 
 715. Six Bayonet-scabbards and Belts of the Revolution ; and scabbards and 
 Belts of 1S12. 
 
 716. Six State Canteens — war of 1812. 
 
 717. A number of S. N. Y. Knapsacks — 1812. 
 
 718. A number of S. N. Y. Cartridge-boxes— 1812. 
 
 719. Four Knapsacks of the Revolution. 
 
 720. Two State Standards. In service and riddled with balls in the battle of 
 Plattsburgh, 1814. 
 
 721. One 32-lb. Iron Cannon — part of the armament of Fort Ticonderoga — 
 was mounted when received on a Lake Erie (Perry) Ship-gun Carriage. 
 
 722. One 9-lb. Iron Cannon and Carriage — originally part of the armament of 
 Fort Ticonderoga — captured by the English on St Clair's retreat — re- 
 captured by Gates at Saratoga, 1777. 
 
 723. Two 9-lb. Guns — French bronze — Revolutionary relics. 
 
 724. Two 3-lb. Field Guns — Francisco Bianco, 1793 — captured in war with 
 Mexico, 1846, by New York Volunteers. 
 
 725. Two Cannon Sponge-boxes. 
 
 Trophy Guns from Watervliet Arsenal. 
 
 BY ORDER OF THE SECRETARY OF WAR. 
 
 726. Eight 6-lb. Guns — French bronze — Revolutionary. 
 
 727. One 9-lb. Gun- French bronze — Revolutionary. 
 
 728. One 12-lb. Gun— French bronze — Revolutionary. 
 
 729. One 12-lb. Siege Gun— English bronze — captured from the English at 
 Yorktown, Oct. 19, 1 781. 
 
 730. One 12-lb. Siege Gun — English Bronze — captured at Yorktown, as above. 
 
 731. One 8-inch Howitzer— English bronze— captured by General Wayne at 
 Stony Point, July, 15, 1779. 
 
 732. One 8-inch Howitzer — English bronze. 
 
 733. One 6-lb. Gun — English bronze. 
 
 734. One 24-lb. Howitzer — English bronze. 
 
 735. One 24-lb. Howitzer —English bronze. 
 
 736. One 24-lb. Mortar — English bronze -.captured by GenT. Wayne at Stony 
 Point, July, 15, 1779. 
 
 737. One 8-inch Howitzer— English bronze— captured at York town 3 Oct. 
 19, 1781. 
 
 738. One 8-inch Howitzer — English bronze. 
 
 739. Four 6-lb. Guns — bronze — Confederate. v 
 
 740. Sjx 12-lb, Guns— bronze — Confederate., 
 
Washington's niMDQVAfttfiflS, 
 
 43 
 
 Guns obtained by General Van Wyck. 
 
 750. One 12 lb. Field Howitzer bronze (Ames, Springfield, 1848.) 
 
 751. One !2-lb. Field Howitzer bronze (Ames, Springfield, 1S48.) 
 
 752. One 6-lb. Iron Gun (Tredegar.) All mounted, 
 
 The above Guns were captured by the 56th and 157th N. Y. Volunteers at 
 Dingle's Mills, S. C, 1865. 
 
 7^ 
 WASHINGTON'S HEADQUARTERS. 
 
 A — Sitting Room. 
 B — Family Room. 
 C— Kitchen. 
 
 D— Hall. 
 
 E— Parlor. 
 
 F— Washington's Office. 
 
 G — Washington's Bed-roonj. 
 H — Store Room. 
 
 MILES 
 
 Boston to Newburgh 228 
 
 Hartford to Newburgh HI 
 
 Providence to Newburgh 170 
 
 Albany to Newburgh 84 
 
 Saratoga to Newburgh 122 
 
 Montreal to Newburgh 325 
 
 Buffalo to Newburgh 382 
 
 Philadelphia to Newburgh 146 
 
 MILES 
 
 Baltimore to Newburgh . . ...... 244 
 
 Washington to Newburgh 286. 
 
 New York to Newburgh 56. 
 
 West Point to Newburgh 9 
 
 Cornwall to Newburgh, 5 
 
 Long Branch to Newburgh 104. 
 
 Coney Island to Newburgh 6S 
 
 Calskill Landing to Newburgh. . . 50 
 
44 NKWBURGH. N. T. 
 
 WASHINGTON'S FAREWELL ADDRESS- 
 
 Head-quarters, Nov. i>, t78ji 
 
 The United States in Congress assembled, after giving the most honorable 
 testimony to the merits of the federal armies, and presenting them with the 
 thanks of their country for their long, eminent and faithful services, having 
 thought proper, by their proclamation bearing date the 18th day of October 
 last, to discharge such part of the troops as were engaged for the war, and to 
 permit the officers on furlough to retire from the service from and after to- 
 morrow, which proclamation having been ccmmunicated in the public papers 
 for the information and government of all concerned— it only remaining for 
 the Commander-in-Chief to address himself once more, and that for the last 
 time, to the armies of the United States (however widely dispersed the indi- 
 viduals who compose them may be) and to bid them an affectionate — a long 
 farewell. 
 
 But before the Commander-in-Chief takes his final leave of those he holds 
 most dear, he wishes to indulge himself a few moments in calling to mind a 
 slight review of the past — he will then take the liberty of exploring with his 
 military friends their future prospects, of advising the general line of conduct 
 which in his opinion ought to be pursued — and he will conclude the address 
 by expressing the obligations he feels himself under for the spirited and able 
 assistance he has experienced from them in the performance of an arduous 
 office. 
 
 A contemplation of the complete attainment (at a period earlier than could 
 have been expected) of the object for which we contended, against so formi- 
 dable a power, cannot but inspire us with astonishment and gratitude. The 
 disadvantageous circumstances on our part, under which the war was under- 
 taken, can never be forgotten. The singular interpositions of providence in 
 our feeble condition, were such as could scarcely escape the attention of the 
 most unobserving — while the unparalleled perseverance of the armies of the 
 United States, through almost every possible suffering and discouragement, for 
 the space of eight long years, was little short of a standing miracle. 
 
 It is not the meaning, nor within the compass of this address to detail the 
 hardships peculiarly incident to our services, or to describe the distresses which 
 in several instances have resulted from the extremes of hunger and nakedness 
 combined with the rigors of an inclement season. Nor is it necessary to dwell 
 on the dark side of our past affairs. 
 
 Every American officer and soldier must now console himself for any 
 unpleasant circumstances which may have occurred, by a recollection of the 
 uncommon scenes in which he has been called to act no inglorious part, and 
 the astonishing events of which he has been a witness. 
 
HISTORICAL AND BUSINESS REVIEW. 45 
 
 Events, which have seldom, if ever before, taken place on the stage of 
 human action, nor can they probably ever happen again. For who has before 
 .seen a disciplined army formed at once from such raw materials ? Who that 
 vvas not a witness could imagine that the most violent of local prejudices would 
 cease so soon, and that men who came from the different parts of the conti- 
 nent, strongly disposed by the habits of education to despise and quarrel 
 with each other, would instantly become but one band of patriotic brothers ? 
 Or who that was not on the spot can trace the steps by which such a wonder- 
 ful revolution has been effected, and such a glorious period put to our warlike 
 toils ? 
 
 It is universally acknowledged that the enlarged prospect of happiness 
 opened by the confirmation of our independence and sovereignty, almost 
 exceeds fc\\e power of description. And shall not the brave men who have 
 contributed so essentially to these inestimable acquisitions, returning from the 
 field of w.u.t to the field of agriculture, participate in all the blessings which 
 have been obtained? In such a Republic who will exclude them from the 
 rights of citueos, and the fruits of their labors ? In such a country, so happily 
 circumstanced, the pursuits of commerce and the cultivation of the soil will 
 unfold to industry *he certain road to competence. 
 
 To those hardy soidiers who are actuated by the spirit of adventure, the fish- 
 eries Will afford ample a.id profitable employments, and the extensive and fer- 
 tile regions of the West will yield a most happy asylum to those, who fond of 
 domesuL enjoyment are seeking for personal independence. Nor is it possible 
 to conctwe that any one of the United States will prefer a national bank- 
 ruptcy a>u( a dissolution of the union to a compliance with requisitions of 
 Congress « nd the payment of its just debts. So that the officers and soldiers 
 may exptel considerable assistance in recommencing their civil occupations 
 from the sums due to them from the public, which must, and will most inevi- 
 tably be pa t I. 
 
 In order lo effect this desirable purpose, and remove the prejudices which 
 may have ta^en possession of the minds of any of the good people of this State, 
 it is earnestly recommended to all the troops, that with strong attachment to 
 the union thej should carry with them into civil society, the most conciliating 
 dispositions, and that they should prove themselves not less virtuous and use- 
 ful as citizens, than they have been virtuous as soldiers. What though there 
 should be some envious individuals who are unwilling to pay the debt the 
 public has contracted, or to yield the tribute due to merit, yet, let such un- 
 worthy treatment produce no invectives, or any instance of intemperate con 
 duct. Let it be remembered, that the unbiased voice of the free citizens of the 
 United States has promised the just reward, and given the merited applause. 
 Let it be known and remembered that the reputation of the federal armies is 
 established beyond the reach of malevolence. And let a consciousness of their 
 achievements and fame still incite the men who composed them to honorable 
 actions, under the persuasions that the private virtues of economy, prudence 
 and industry, will not be less amiable in civil life, than the more splendid 
 
46 KEWBimmi, tf. y. 
 
 qualities of valor, perseverance and enterprise were in the field. Every one 
 may rest assured that much, very much of the future happiness of the officers 
 and men will depend upon the wise and manly conduct which shall be adopted 
 by them, when they are mingled with the great body of the community. And 
 although the General has so frequently given it as his opinion, in the most 
 public and explicit manner, that unless the principles of the federal govern- 
 ment are properly supported and the powers of the union increased, the honor, 
 dignity, and justice of the nation will be lost forever ; yet he cannot help re- 
 peating on this occasion so interesting a sentiment, and leaving it as his last 
 injunction to every officer and every soldier who may view the subject in the 
 same' serious point of light, to add his best endeavors to those of his worthy 
 fellow citizens towards effecting these great and valuable purposes, on which 
 our very existence as a nation so materially depends. 
 
 The Commander-in-Chief conceives little is now wanting to enable the sol- 
 dier to exchange the military character into that of a citizen, but that steadv, 
 decent tenor of behavior, which has generally distinguished not only the 
 army under his immediate command, but the different detachments and separ- 
 ate armies through the course of the war. From their good sense and pru- 
 dence, he anticipates the happiest consequences ; and while he congratulates 
 them on the glorious occasion which renders their services in the field no long- 
 er necessary, he wishes to express the strong obligations he feels himself under 
 for the assistance he has received from every class— and in every instance. He 
 presents his thanks in the most serious and affectionate manner, to the general 
 officers, as well for their counsels on many interesting occasions, as for their 
 ardor in promoting the succe.ss of the plans he had adopted. To the com- 
 mandants of regiments and corps, and to the others, for their great zeal and 
 attention in carrying his orders promptly into execution — to the staff for their 
 alacrity and exactness in performing the duties of their several departments. 
 And to the non-commissioned officers and private soldiers, for their extraordi- 
 nary patience and suffering, as well as their invincible fortitude in action. To 
 the various branches of the army, the General takes this last and solemn op- 
 portunity of professing his inviolable attachment and friendship. He wishes 
 more than bare professions were in his power ; that he was really able to be 
 useful to them all in future life ; he flatters himself, however, they will do 
 him the justice to believe, that whatever could with propriety be attempted by 
 him, has been done. And being now to conclude these his last public orders, 
 to take his ultimate leave in a short time of the military character, and to bid 
 a final adieu to the armies he has so long had the honor to command — he can 
 only again offer in their behalf, his recommendations to their grateful country, 
 and his prayers to the God of armies. 
 
 May ample justice be done them here; and may the choicest of Heaven's fa- 
 vors, both here and hereafter, attend those, who under the divine auspices, have 
 secured innumerable blessings for others. With these wishes, and this benedic- 
 tion, the Commander-in-Chief is about to retire from service— the curtain of sepa- 
 ration will soon be drawn -and the military scene to him will be closed forever. 
 
HISTORICAL AND BUSINESS REVIEW. 47 
 
 ^mmgmMtjgi pticr, Wnttiw at gnvlmvijlt. 
 
 To the Officers of the Army: 
 
 Saturday, March 8th, 1783. 
 
 Gentlemen : — A fellow-soldier, whose interest and affection bind him 
 strongly to you— whose past sufferings have been as great, and whose future 
 fortunes may be as desperate as yours — would beg leave to address you. Age 
 has its claims, — and rank is not without its pretensions to advise ; but, though 
 unsupported by both, he flatters himself, that the plain language of sincerity 
 and experience, will neither be unheeded nor unregarded. Like many of you, 
 he loved private life, and left it with regret. He left it, determined to retire 
 from the field with the necessity that called him to it, and not till then, — not 
 t:il the enemies of his country, the slaves of power, and the hirelings of injustice, 
 were compelled to abandon their schemes and acknowledge America as terri- 
 ble in arms as she had been humble in remonstrance. With this object in view, 
 he has felt the cold hand of poverty without a murmur, and has seen the in- 
 solence of wealth without a sigh. But too much under the direction of bis 
 wishes, and sometimes weak enough to mistake desire for opinion, he had till 
 lately, very lately, believed in the justice of his country. He hoped that as 
 the clouds of adversity scattered, and the sunshine of peace and better fortune 
 broke in upon us— that gratitude would blaze forth upon those hands which 
 had upheld her in the darkest stages of her passage from impending servitude to 
 acknowledged independence. 
 
 But faith has its limits, as well as temper — and there are points beyond 
 which neither can be stretched, without sinking into cowardice, or plunging 
 into credulity. This, my friends, I conceive, to be your situation — hurried to 
 the very verge of both, another step would ruin you forever. To be tame and 
 unprovoked while injuries press upon you is more than weakness. But to look 
 up for kinder usage without one manly effort of your own — would fix your 
 pharacter and show the world how richly you deserve the chains you broke. 
 
 To guard against this evil, let us take a view of the ground on which we 
 now stand ; and from thence carry our thoughts forward for a moment, into 
 the unexplored field of expedient. After a pursuit of seven long years, the 
 object for which we set out is at length brought within our reach. Yes, my 
 friends, that suffering courage of yours was active once. It has conducted the 
 United States of America through a doubtful and bloody war — it has placed 
 her in the chair of independence, and peace returns again — to bless — whom ? 
 A country willing to redress your wrongs — cherish your worth — and reward 
 your services? A country — courting your return to private life, with tears of 
 gratitude and smiles of admiration, longing to divide with you that independ- 
 ency which your gallantry has given, and those riches which your wounds 
 
48 NEWBURGH, N. Y. 
 
 have preserved ? Is this the case — or is it rather a country that tramples upon 
 your rights, disdains your cries and insults your distress ? Have you not more 
 than once suggested your wishes and made known your wants to Congress 
 (wants and wishes which policy and justice should have anticipated rather than 
 evaded), and have you not lately, in the meek language of an entreating me- 
 morial, begged from justice what you could no longer expect from their favor? 
 How have you been answered ? Let the letter which you are called to con- 
 sider to-morrow, make the reply. 
 
 If this, then, be your treatment while the swords you wear are necessary foi 
 the defence of America, what have you to expect from peace, when your voice 
 shall sink and your strength dissipate by division? When those very swords, 
 the instruments and companions of your glory, shall be taken from your sides, 
 and no remaining mark of military distinction left but your wants, infirmities 
 and scars ! Can you, then, consent to be the only sufferers by this resolution, 
 and, retiring from the field, grow old in poverty, wretchedness and contempt ? 
 Can you consent to wade through the vile mire of dependency, and owe the 
 miserable remnant of that life to charity which has hitherto been spent in 
 honor ? If you can, go, and carry with you the jest of tories, and the scorn 
 of whigs— the ridicule, and what is worse, the pity of the world ; go, starve, 
 and be forgotten. But, if your spirit should recoil at this— if you have sense 
 enough to discover, and spirit sufficient to oppose tyranny, under whatever 
 garb it may assume, whether it be the plain coat of republicanism or the 
 splendid robes of royalty ; if you have not yet learned to discriminate between 
 a people and a cause — between men and principles — awake — attend to your 
 situation, and redress yourselves. If the present moment be lost, every future 
 effort is in vain. Your threats then will be as empty as your entreaties now. 
 I would advise you, therefore, to come to some final opinion of what you can 
 bear and what you will suffer. If your determination be in any proportion to 
 your wrongs, carry your appeal from the justice to the fears of government ; 
 change the milk and water style of your last memorial ; assume a bolder tone, 
 decent but lively, spirited and determined, and suspect the man who will 
 advise to more moderation and longer forbearance. 
 
 Let two or three men, who can feel as well as write, be appointed to draw 
 up your last remonstrance (for I would no longer give it the sueing, soft, un- 
 successful epithet of memorial). Let it represent, in language that will neither 
 dishonor you by its rudeness nor betray you by its fears, what has been pro- 
 mised by Congress and what has been performed : how long and how patient- 
 ly you have suffered ; how little you have asked, and how much of that little 
 has been denied. Tell them that though you were the first and would wish to 
 be the last to encounter danger — that though despair itself can never drive you 
 into dishonor, it may drive you from the field— that the wound, often irritated 
 and never healed, may at length become incurable ; and that the slightest in- 
 dignity from Congress now may operate like the grave, and part you forever ; 
 that m any political event the army has its alternative. If peace, that nothing 
 shall separate you from you.r arms but death i if war, that, courting th 
 
HISTORICAL AXD BUSINESS REVIEW. 49 
 
 pices and inviting the direction of your illustrious leader, you will retire to 
 some yet unsettled country ; smile in your turn, and "mock when their fear 
 cometh on." But let it represent also that, should they comply with the re- 
 quest of your late memorial, it would make you more happy, and them more 
 respectable ; that while the war should continue you would follow their standard 
 in the field ; and that when it came to end you would withdraw into the shade 
 of private life, and give the world another subject of wonder and applause — an 
 army victorious over its enemies, victorious over itself. 
 
 I am, &c. 
 
 QMKttt toy Ifaisningtmt M\vm& at the If tuple, in 
 §tw Windsor. 
 
 Gentlemen : By an anonymous summons an attempt has been made to 
 convene you together. How inconsistent with the rules of propriety, how 
 unmilitary and how subversive of all order and discipline, let the good sense 
 of the army decide. 
 
 In the moment of this summons another anonymous production was sent into 
 circulation, addressed more to the feelings and passions than the judgment of 
 the army. The author of the piece is entitled to much credit for the goodness 
 of his pen ; and I could wish he had as much credit for the rectitude of his 
 heart ; for, as men see through different optics, and are induced by the reflect- 
 ing faculties of the mind, to use different means to attain the same end, the 
 author of the address should have had more charity than to mark for suspic- 
 ion the man who should recommend moderation and longer forbearance ; or 
 in other words, who should not think as he thinks, or act as he advises. But 
 he had another plan in view, in which candor and liberality of sentiment, 
 regard to justice and love of country, have no part ; and he was right to insin- 
 uate the darkest suspicion to effect the blackest design. That the address was 
 drawn with great art, and is designed to answer the most insidious purposes ; 
 that it is calculated to impress the mind with an idea of premeditated injustice 
 in the sovereign power of the United States, and rouse all those resentments 
 which must unavoidably flow from such a belief; that the secret mover of this 
 scheme, whoever he may be, intended to take advantage of the passions, 
 while they were warmed by the recollections of past distresses, without giving 
 time for cool, deliberate thinking, and that composure of mind which is so 
 necessary to give dignity and stability to measures, is rendered too obvious by 
 the mode of conducting the business, to need other proof than a reference to 
 the proceedings. 
 
 Thus much, gentlemen, I have thought it incumbent on me to observe to 
 you, to show upon what principles I opposed the irregular and hasty meeting 
 which was proposed to have been held on Tuesday last, and not because I 
 wanted a disposition to giveyga every opportunity, consistent with your own 
 
50 HISTORICAL AND BUSINESS REVIEW. 
 
 honor, and the dignity of the army, to make known your grievances. If my 
 conduct heretofore has not evinced to you, that I have been a faithful friend to 
 the army, my declaration of it at this time would be equally unavailing and 
 improper. But as I was among the first who embarked in the cause of our 
 common country ; as I have never left your side one moment, but when called 
 from you on public duty ; as I have been the constant companion and witness 
 of your distresses, and not among the last to feel and acknowledge your merits; 
 as I have ever considered my own military reputation as inseparably con- 
 nected with that of the army ; as my heart has ever expanded with joy when 
 I have heard its praises, and my indignation has arisen when the mouth of 
 detraction has been opened against it ; it can scarcely be supposed at this last 
 stage of the war, that I am indifferent to its interests. But how are they to be 
 promoted ? The way is plain, says the anonymous addresser! If war contin- 
 ues, remove into the unsettled country ; there establish yourselves, and leave 
 an ungrateful country to defend itself! But who are they to defend ? Our 
 wives, our children, our farms and other property which we leave behind us? 
 or in this state of hostile separation, are we to take the two first, (the latter 
 cannot be removed) to perish in a wilderness, with hunger, cold, and naked- 
 ness ? 
 
 " If peace takes place, never sheathe your swords," says he, " until you have 
 obtained full and ample justice." This dreadful alternative of either deserting^ 
 our country in the extremest hour of her distress, or turning our arms against 
 it, which is the apparent object, unless Congress can be compelled into instant 
 compliance, has something so shocking in it, that humanity revolts at the 
 idea. My God ! what can this writer have in view, by recommending such 
 measures? Can he be a friend to the army? Can he be a friend to this 
 country ? rather is he not an insidious foe ; some emissary, perhaps, from New 
 York, plotting the ruin of both, by sowing the seeds of discord and separation 
 between the civil and military powers of the continent ? And what a compli- 
 ment does he pay to our understandings, when he recommends measures, in 
 either alternative, impracticable in their nature? But here gentlemen I will 
 drop the curtain, because it would be as imprudent in me to assign my reasons 
 for this opinion, as it would be insulting to your conception to suppose you 
 stood in need of them. A moment's reflection will convince every dispassion- 
 ate mind of the physical impossibility of carrying either proposal into execu- 
 tion. There might, gentlemen, be an impropriety in my taking notice, in 
 this address to you, of an anonymous production ; but the manner in which 
 that performance has been introduced to the army ; the effect it was intended 
 to have, together with some circumstances, will amply justify my observation 
 on the tendency of that writing. 
 
 With respect to the advice given by the author, to suspect the man who. .-.hall 
 recommend moderate measures and longer forbearance, I spurn it, as every 
 man who regards that liberty and reverses that justice for which we contend, 
 undoubtedly must ; for, if men are to be precluded from offering their senti- 
 ments on a matter which may involve the m.os.t; serious and alarming co.nse . 
 
Ki-:\v;!M:(iii. K. t. FA 
 
 quences that can invite the consideration of mankind, reason is of no use to us. 
 The freedom of speech may be taken away, and dumb and silent we may be 
 led, like sheep to the slaughter. I cannot in justice to my own belief, and 
 what I have great reason to conceive is the intention of Congress, conclude 
 this address, without giving it as my decided opinion, that that honorable 
 body entertain exalted sentiments of the services of the army, and from a full 
 conviction of its merits and sufferings, will do it complete justice. That their 
 endeavors to discover and establish funds for this purpose have been unwearied 
 and will not cease until they have succeeded, I have not a doubt. 
 
 But like all other large bodies, where there is a variety of different interests 
 to reconcile, their determinations are slow. Why then should we distrust 
 them? and in consequence of that distrust, adopt measures which may cast a 
 shade over that glory which has been so justly acquired, and tarnish the repu- 
 tation of an army which is celebrated through all Europe for its fortitude and 
 patriotism ? And for what is this clone ? to bring the object we seek nearer ? 
 No ; most certainly in my opinion, it will cast it at a greater distance. For 
 myself, (and I take no merit in giving the assurance, being induced to it from 
 principles of gratitude, veracity, and justice, and a grateful sense of the con- 
 fidence you have ever placed in me,) a recollection of the cheerful assistance 
 and prompt obedience I have experienced from you, under every vicissitude of 
 fortune, and the sincere affection I feel for an army I have so long had the 
 honor to command, will oblige me to declare in this public and solemn man- 
 ner, that in the attainment of complete justice for all your toils and dangers, 
 and in the gratification of every wish, so far as may be done consistently with 
 the great duty I owe my country, and those powers we are bound to respect, 
 you may freely command my services to the utmost extent of my abilities. 
 
 While I give you these assurances, and pledge myself in the most une- 
 quivocal manner, to exert whatever abilities I am possessed of in your favor, 
 Jet me entreat you, gentlemen, on your part not to take any measures, which 
 viewed in the calm light of reason, will lesson the dignity, and sully the 
 glory you have hitherto maintained : let me request you to rely on the 
 plighted faith of your country, and place a full confidence in the purity of 
 the intentions of Congress; that, previous to your dissolution as an army, 
 they will cause all your accounts to be fairly liquidated as directed in the 
 resolutions which were published to you two days ago ; and that they will 
 adopt the most effectual measures in their power to render ample justice to 
 you for your faithful and meritorious services. And let me conjure you in 
 the name our common country, as you value your own sacred honor ; as 
 you respect the rights of humanity ; and as you regard the military and 
 national character of America ; to express your utmost horror and detesta- 
 tion of the man, who wishes, under any specious pretences, to overturn the 
 liberties of our country ; and who wickedly attempts to open the flood gates of 
 civil discord, and deluge our rising empire in blood. 
 
 By thus determining, and thus acting, you will pursue the plain and direct 
 
62 ittS^ORICAL AND BUSINESS KEVIEW, 
 
 road to the attainment of your wishes ; you will defeat the insidious designs 
 of our enemies, who are compelled to resort from open force to secret arti- 
 fice» You will give one more distinguished proof of unexampled patriotism 
 and patient virtue, rising superior to the pressure of the most complicated 
 sufferings ; and you will, by the dignity of your conduct, afford occasion for 
 posterity to say, when speaking of the glorious example you have exhibited 
 to mankind : " Had this day been wanting the world had never seen the last 
 stage of perfection to which human nature is capable of attaining." 
 
 PROCEEDINGS OF MEETING. 
 
 At the conclusion of the reading of the address, on motion of General Put- 
 nam, a committee consisting of General Knox, Colonel Brooks, and Captain 
 Howard, was appointed to prepare resolutions on the business before them,, 
 and to report in half an hour. The report of the committee being brought in 
 and fully considered, the following resolutions were passed : 
 
 Resolved, unanimously, that at the commencement of the present war, the 
 officers of the American army engaged in the service of their country from the 
 purest love and attachment to the rights and liberties of human nature ; which 
 motives still exist in the highest degree ; and that no circumstances of distress 
 or danger shall induce a conduct that may tend to sully the reputation and 
 glory which they have acquired, at the price of their blood, and eight years' 
 faithful services. 
 
 Resolved unanimously, that the army continue to have an unshaken confi- 
 dence in the justice of congress and their country, and are fully convinced that 
 the representatives of America will not disband or disperse the army until their 
 accounts are liquidated, the balances accurately ascertained, and adequate 
 funds established for payment ; and in this arrangement, the officers expect 
 that the half pay, or a commutation for it, should be efficaciously compie- 
 hended. 
 
 Resolved unanimously, that his excellency, the commander-in-chief, be re- 
 quested to write to his excellency, the president of congress, earnestly entreat- 
 ing the most speedy decision of that honorable body upon the subject of our 
 late address, which was forwarded by a committee of the army, some of whom 
 are waiting upon congress for the result. In the alternative of peace or war, 
 this event would be highly satisfactory, and would produce immediate tran- 
 quillity in the minds of the army, and prevent any further machinations of de- 
 signing men, to sow discord between the civil and military powers of the Uni- 
 ted States. 
 
 On motion, resolved unanimously, that the Officers of the American army 
 view with abhorrence and reject with disdain, the infamous propositions con- 
 tained in a late anonymous address to the officers of the army, and resent with 
 indignation the secret attempts of some unknown persons to collect the officers 
 together, in a manner totally subversive of all discipline and good order. 
 
 Resolved unanimously, that the thanks of the officers of the army be given 
 to the committee who presented to congress the late address of the army, for 
 the wisdom and prudence with which they have conducted that business ; and 
 that a copy of the proceedings of this day be transmitted by the President to 
 Major-General M'Dougal ; and that he be requested to continue his solicita- 
 tions at congress, until the objects of his mission are accomplished." 
 
T) BROKAWS "RELIABLE ' V 
 
 -*-*' Blue and Fancy 
 
 **^ PATENT BUTTONED 
 
 LACED SHIRTS, FLANNEL SHIRT WAISTS, AND T 
 
 L FLANNEL FURNISHINGS ^ 
 
 ARE CUT TO FIT. 
 
 I Allowance is made for shrinkage. The workmanship is the best. T 
 Buttons are sewed on well. Button holes are made good. _L 
 
 Stays sewed in where heeded. 
 
 A Never are two or more grades of flannel put in one garment. « 
 
 All collars, cuffs, yokes, centre plaits, double breasts and parts J\ 
 that are faced, are lined with the same quality of flanntl from 
 which the body of the shirt or garment is made. 
 
 B Comfort and economy are 'gained by the purchaser of flannel goods |3 
 manufactured by the JL 9 
 
 BROKA'W' 3VLIT-0-. CO. 
 L 38 & 40 Third Street, Newburgh, N. Y. L 
 
 Branch Salesroom, 661 Broadway, New York Oity. 
 
 J£ A FULL LINE OF SAMPLES SENT ON APPLICATION. J] 
 
 HARDWARE, House Furnishing Goods, &o. 
 
 WE HAVE ONE OF THE BEST AND WELL ASSORTED 
 STOCKS OF 
 
 Hardware, Agricultural Imple- 
 ments, House Furnishing Goods, 
 Cutlery, Children's Car- 
 riages, Eefrigerators, 
 
 BUILDER'S' HARDWARE, F. 0. PIERCE & GO'S. PREPARED 
 HOUSE PAINT, FAIRBANKS' SCALES, 
 
 and other goods usually found in a first class Hardware Store, to he 
 found in a good many days' journey. 
 
 Call and see us, 
 
 J. H. & J. B. QUINLAN, 
 
 20 Water St., NEWBURGH, N. Y, 
 
 (Next door to Highland Bank.) 
 
NEW YORK, WEST SHORE & BUFFALO 
 
 RAILWAY. 
 
 WEST SHORE ROUTE. 
 
 DIRECT LIINE, 
 Superbly Built, Double Track, 
 
 Elegantly Equipped, Steel Rail Line, 
 
 Between Albany, Kingston, Newburgh, Corn- 
 wall, "West Point, Haverstraw, Jersey 
 City and New York. 
 
 At Kingston connection is made in Union Station with Ulster & Delaware 
 R. R., for all points in Catskill Mountains. 
 
 At Albany connection is made in Union Station with Delaware & Hudson 
 Canal Go's. R. R. for Saratoga, Lake George, Adirondack^ and Montreal. 
 
 At Cornwall connection is made in Union Depot for Campbell Hall, Middle- 
 town, Ellenville, and all points on New York, Ontario and Western 
 Railway. 
 
 At Jersey City connection is made in Union Depot for Philadelphia, Balti- 
 more, Washington, Ilarrisburgh, Jersey Coast Resorts and all points 
 • reached by Pennsylvania Railroad. 
 
 Brooklyn Annex Steamers will convey passengers and baggage from Jer- 
 sey City Station to the foot of Fulton Street, Brooklyn, avoiding a double 
 ferriage and long transfer through New York City. 
 
 In New York passengers will be landed at Courtlandt, Desbrosses and 
 Thirty-fourth Streets, convenient to Street Car lines and Elevated Rail- 
 road Stations. 
 
 The New York Transfer Company will have Agents on trains to arrange 
 for conveyance of passengers and baggage to hotels, residences, steamer 
 piers and railway depots. 
 Until the Extensive Terminal facilities of the West Shore Route at Wee- 
 
 hawken, opposile Forty-second Street. New York, are completed, the trains 
 
 of the New York, West Shore & Buffalo Railway will arrive at and depart 
 
 from the Jersey City Depot of the Pennsylvania Railroad. 
 
 Tickets, Time-Tables, etc., can be obtained at the Company's Stations 
 
 and at the following offices of the Company : 
 
 IN JERSEY CITY, Pennsylvania Railroad 
 Station. 
 
 In ALBANY, Maiden Lane Depot. 
 In CATSKILL, West Shore Depot. 
 In KINGSTON, West Shore Depot. 
 In NEWBURGH, West Shore Depot. 
 In CORNWALL, West Shore Depot. 
 
 In BROOKLYN, No. 4 Court Street, and 
 Brooklyn Annex Office, Foot of Fulton St. 
 
 In New York' City. 
 
 No. 1323 Broadway. 
 
 " 26] Broadway, Thos. Cook & Son, Tour- 
 ist Office. 
 
 Penn. R. R. Station, Foot of Desbrosses 
 Street. 
 
 Penn. Jt. R. Station, Foot of Cortlandt 
 Street. 
 
 No. 419 Broadway, cor. Canal Street. 
 
 " 946 Broadway, near Madison Square. 
 
 " 737 Sixth Avenue, cor. 42d Street. 
 
 " 168 East 1251H Street, Harlem. 
 
 " 162 Broadway, American Exchange, Tour- 
 ist Office. 
 
 " 207 Broadway, Leve & Alden, Tourist 
 Office. 
 
 HENRY MONETT, General Passenger Agent, 
 
 No. 24 State Street, New York. 
 
J. BALDWIN & CO., 
 
 Real Estate, Fire, Life & Accident Insurance 
 
 AGENTS, 
 39 Smith Street, Newburgh, N. Y., 
 
 (Opposite Savings Bank Building.) 
 
 AGENTS FOR ALL THE FIRST-CLASS EU- 
 ROPEAN STEAMSHIP LINES. 
 
 Drafts and Bills of Exchange to All Paris of 
 
 Europe. 
 
 HOUSES, FARMS and COUNTRY-SEATS 
 TO RENT. 
 
 RENTS COLLECTED. 
 
 J. BALDWIN, 
 
 Attorney ana Coyiisellor-at-Law, 
 
 39 Smith Street, Newburgh, N. Y. 
 
 CLAIMS AND BILLS COLLECTED 
 
 WITH PROMPTNESS AND DISPATCH. 
 
 Money to Loan on Bond and Mortgage. 
 NOTARY PUBLIC 
 
LEVE & ALDEN'S 
 
 it\ e r i 
 
 < 
 
 Ldki\ Toiir^. 
 
 An unlimited variety of Single and Excursion Tickets for 
 Individual Travellers at greatly reduced rates, to : 
 
 Catskill Mountains, 
 White Mountains, 
 Green Mountains, 
 Hangeley Lakes, 
 Mount JDeseret, 
 Halifax, 
 
 Maritime Provinces &c. 
 Watkins Glen, 
 
 Saratoga Lake <f Lake 
 
 George, 
 Niagara Falls, 
 Great Lakes, 
 Thousand Islands, 
 Rapids of St. Lawrence. 
 Far-Famed Saguenay, 
 Montreal, Quebec, &c. 
 
 Also all Pleasure Resorts in the West 
 YELLOWSTONE NATIONAL PARK, 
 
 COLORADO SPRINGS, 
 
 SAN FRANCISCO, dc. 
 
 Messrs. LEYE & ALDEN also act as General Agents 
 
 or THE 
 
 ALLAN LINE, ROYAL MAIL STEAMSHIPS. 
 
 SHORTEST OCEAN VOYAGE, 
 
 ONLY FIVE DAYS FEOM LAND TO LAND. 
 
 Send Postage for 
 
 Giving rates and detailed information. 
 
 T V\TV Rt \ T m?\T f Chief office ' 2 °7 Broadway, N. Y. 
 LiJjj VE to ALUElN ] Uptown Office, 5 Union Square, N. Y. 
 
 BOSTON. 
 296 Washington Street. 
 
 PHILADELPHIA. 
 Cor. Broad and Chestnut Sts. 
 
 CHICAGO. 
 114 Washington Street, 
 
 CLEVELAND. 
 
 321 Euclid Avenue. 
 
 CINCINNATI. 
 
 131 Vine Street. 
 
 ST. LOUIS. 
 
 XU iN'orth 4th Street, 
 
C. H. WEYGANT 
 
 MANUFACTURER AND PACKER OF 
 
 FARINACEOUS GOODS, 
 
 AND DEALER IN t 
 
 *$i#i C$£fee% 3P»r* Style*** 
 CANNED GOODS, 
 
 AND FOOD SPECIALTIES. 
 
 Salesrooms No. 3 Golden Street, Hewburgh, N. Y. 
 
 HEWBURGH 
 
 DAILY AND WEEKLY REGISTER, 
 
 54 SECOND STREET, 
 
 Opposite Savings Bank, NEWBURGH, N. Y. 
 
 JOHN A. MASON, Proprietor. 
 
 THE LARGEST CIRCULATION OF ANY DAILY NEWSPAPER 
 
 ON THE HUDSON RIVER BETWEEN NEW YORK AND ALBANY 
 
 Advertising Rates Very Low. 
 
THE 
 
 BEAUTIFUL STEAMER 
 
 Mary Powell, 
 
 Wkt %tem of the Jptfott, 
 
 WILL LEAVE 
 
 Foot of Vestry Street, New 
 York, at 3.15 P. M., 
 
 AND 
 
 22nd Street at 3.30 P. IVL, 
 
 FOR 
 
 NEWBURGH. 
 
 Time to Newburgh, about Three Hours. 
 
 Look oil t for the Baldwin House Bus. 
 
L , r-^ STEAM E RS -^ :> 
 
 JJLBANY^-^ 
 
 ^-^^ — 6 © YIB 
 
 CS* 
 
 IBBARD 
 
NEWBURGH BRANCH OF 
 IV. TIBBALS & SONS, 
 
 OF NEW YORK CITY. 
 
 56 Second Street, Newburgh, Hew York. 
 ANNUAL CLEARANCE SALE, 
 
 Of over forty thousand dollars worth of stock, consisting of 
 
 Fine illustrated, Standard, Children's and Sunday 
 
 School books, 
 
 Teachers' Pocket and Family Bibles, Photograph, Autograph and Musical 
 Albums, very finely Bound Prayer Boohs and Hymnals, 
 Fine Stationery and Birthday and Sunday 
 School Cards, all to be sold with- 
 out reserve, from 
 
 25 to 75 per cent, from Regular prices, 
 
 Neti) York City Address, 124 Nassau St. 
 
 FINE ILLUSTRATED CHILDREN'S BOOKS. 
 
 Just published and the best to be had in the market. Great Bar- 
 gains assured — add 10 per cent, to our price, if sent by mail. 
 
 Elftu Land. By Josephine Pollard. Designs by Walter Satterlee. 
 The designs in this book are all printed in ten colors. It is con- 
 ceded by all who have seen it to be the choicest, most artistic 
 colored book ever presented. Only needs to be seen to be appreci- 
 ated, and a Great Bargain. Folio, with beautifully illuminated 
 
 covers. Retail Price, $2.50. Our Price 75 
 
 Christmas Rhymes and New Year's Chimes. By Mary D. Brine. 
 
 This beautiful juvenile contains the latest and best of Mrs. Brine's 
 
 shorter poems of child-life. No pains or expense have been spared 
 
 in its production. It contains sixty pictures. Retail Price, $2.25. 
 
 Our Price , 75 
 
 Afternoon Tea Rhymes for Children. With original illustrations 
 by J. S. Sowerby and H. H. Emmerson. Beautifully printed in 
 eight different tints. Imperial 8vo, boards, with rich picture cover. 
 
 Retail Price, $1.75. Oar Price 25 
 
 Tutti-Frutti ; A Book of Child-Songs. By Laura Led yard. Illus- 
 trated. Retail Price, $1.50. Our Price 25 
 
 A unique and attractive book. There is a study in each song 
 and illustration, and the little student so fortunate as to have these 
 lessons set for him or her will have pleasant and profitable instruc- 
 tion." — The Daily Journal, Syracuse, N. Y. 
 
 Stories from the Best Book (the Bible). By Mary Seeley. Illustrated. 
 
 Two series, each 16mo, cloth. Retail Price, 50c. Our Price.. 25 
 
 Poetry for Children. Edited by Samuel Eliot, Superintendent of 
 
 Boston Schools. Illustrated by 60 original designs. Retail, $1,00. 
 
 Our Price , , , . , ,- 85 
 
N. TIBBALS & SONS' PUBLICATIONS. 
 
 61 
 
 The Christmas Tree. Containing 8 full-page pictures by Kate 
 Greenaway. Retail Price, $1.50. Our Price 50 
 
 The Bright Side of Nature. Short, original and selected stones, 
 with illustrations, suitable for young children. Retail Price, $1.00. 
 Our Price 25 
 
 Gems for Children. Contains short, crisp, illustrated stories. Retail 
 Price, $1.00. Our Price 25 
 
 Sittings from Nature. Selected stories for children. Retail Price, 
 $1.00. Our Price ,..,.. 50 
 
 SUNDAY-SCHOOL AND HOLIDAY GIFT BOOKS FOR BOYS 
 AND GIRLS. 
 
 We will send double the amount wanted for Sunday School or 
 Holiday Festivals, to select from, and will pay return charges, guar- 
 anteeing lower prices than to be had elsewhere. We use due dili- 
 gence as to character and merits, and send none other out. Send for 
 our list of 29 Choice Select Sunday School Libraries, 25 to 500 vols., 
 and in price, $3.25 to $275.00, 40 to 60 per cent, saved. 
 Famous Men. A Book of Examples for Young Men. By H. A. 
 
 Paige. 12mo, cloth extra. Retail, $1.50. Our Price 75 
 
 Famous Boys, and How They Became Famous Men. 12mo, cloth 
 
 extra. Retail, $1.50. Our Price 75 
 
 Samuel Smiles' Works: 4 vols. 12mo, cloth. Retail, $1.50. Our 
 Price 70c. Consisting of : Self-Help, with illustrations of Conduct 
 and Perseverance. Thrift ; or, How to Get On in the World, a 
 book of Domestic Counsel. Character. A book of noble charac- 
 ters. Duty, with illustrations of Courage, Patience and Endurance. 
 Walnut Grove Series, viz.: Good Measure. Carl Bartlett. Making 
 Money. Little Pea-Nut Merchant. 4 vols. 16mo, with illustra- 
 tions. Retail per vol., $1.25. Our Price 50 
 
 The Good Hope Series. By H. N. W. B., viz. : Belle Clement's 
 Influence. Sophie's Letter Book. 'Lulu Reed's Pupil. Edith 
 Withington. 4 vols. 16mo, with illustrations. Retail per vol., 
 
 $1.00. Our Price 40 
 
 The Sylvan Glen Stories. Breaking the Rules. Charley Wheeler's 
 Reward. Jamie Noble. Great Success. 4 vols. 16mo, with 
 
 illustrations. Retail Price per vol., $1.25. Our Price 50 
 
 The Silver Lake Series. By Mrs. Harriet W. Baker. Truth and 
 Trust. Hopes and Fears. Good for Evil. 3 vols. 18mo, Illus. 
 
 Retail per vol., $1.25. Our Price 50 
 
 Aunt Hattie's Library for Boys. By Aunt Hattie, viz. : Lying 
 Jim. Golden Rule. Frankie's Dog Tony. Factory Boy. Chest 
 of Tools. Apple Boy. 6 vols. 18mo, Illus. Retail per vol., 50c. 
 
 Our Price 25 
 
 A nut Hattie's Library for Girls. By Aunt Hattie, viz. : Maggie 
 and the Mice. Lily's Birthday. Sheep and Lambs. Lost Kitty. 
 Ida's New Shoes. Little Miss Fret. 6 vols. 18mo, illus. Retail 
 per vol., 35c. Our Price 20c 
 
C2 K. TIBBALS & SONS' PUBLICATIONS. 
 
 Happy Home Stories for Boys. By the author of ''Aunt Ha' tie's 
 Library," viz. : Diligent Dick. Lazy Robert. Litt'e Fritz. 
 Cousin Willie's New Baggy. Bertie and his Sisters. 6 vols. 18mo, 
 illustrated. Retail, 50c. Our Price 25 
 
 Happy Home Stories for Girls. By the author of " Aunt Hattie's 
 Library." viz.: Little Flyaway. The Spoiled Picture. Fleda's 
 Childhood. Singing Girl. Molly and the Winegl.-iss". The Twins. 
 6 vols. 18mo, illustrated. Retail, 50c. Our Price 25 
 
 The Rosy Dawn Stories. Picnic Party. Water Cress Girl. Little 
 Indian. Twin Brothers. Violet Girls. Two Birthdays. 6 vols. 
 18mo, handsomely illustrated, cloth, with picture on side. Retail, 
 60c. Our Price " 35 
 
 Moss Hose Series. "Willie's Wish. Curious Tom. Two Mottoes. 
 Little James. Old Ben's Stockings. Little Bertie. Afraid of the 
 Dark. Little Minnie. Birthday Present. A Real Victory. Sow- 
 ing Little Seed. Milly's Doves. 12 vpls. 82mo, handsomely illus. 
 cloth, with picture on side. Retail, 25c. Our Price 15 
 
 Picture Stories for Little Folks, viz. : Little Stories for Little Folks. 
 Scenes in the City and Country. Rhymes and Stories for Little 
 Folks. Frank's Pet Rooster. White Swan. Picture Stories for 
 Little Folks. 6 vols, illustrated, cloth, Chromo Picture. Retail, 
 25c. Our Price 15 
 
 Little Picture Stories. By Mrs. May. Four Little Pitchers. Ber- 
 tie's Telegraph. Uncle Barney's Fortune, Charlie's Calico 
 Rooster. Grandma's Strong Box. Trials of the Baby Pitcher. 6 
 vols. 18mo, illustrated. Retail, 65c. Our Price 30 
 
 BIBLES. 
 
 There is no such assortment of Bibles in this country as welceep % We 
 hare them from the largest to the smallest. Our Teachers' Bibles are 
 reduced in price nearly one third. Family and Pulpit Bibles, both 
 Englixh and American, of the most ajjproced style. Our best are the 
 
 Pictorial Family Bihle. This splendid Royal Quarto edition of 
 the Family Bible is made self-explaining, being a complete and 
 concise Library of the Holy Scriptures, from the most exhaustive 
 researches. The amount of extra matter aside from the Bible 
 proper, w ? ere it hound in separate volumes, would cost at least $25. 
 This matter will be found reliable, exact and clear. Illustrated 
 with numerous engravings, which alone cost more than many other 
 Bibles in the market. Cheapest Bibles in the world, containing 
 Smith's Bible Dictionary, both versions of the New Testament Com- 
 paction, and over 150 Scriptural Features. Elegautly illustrated, 
 with magnificently colored maps and fine full-page engravings. 
 Four superb chromatic plates descriptive of the Tabernacle, Jew- 
 ish Worship, etc. Cities of the Bible, beautifully illustrated, History 
 of the Books of the Bible, illustrated, Scenes and Eveuts in the life 
 of our Saviour. Lives of the Apostles and Evangelists, Family 
 Record, Photograph .Cards for family, and 150 other extra features. 
 1500 engravings, (26 full-page Dore). Over 1,400 pages Arabesque, 
 massive rajsed panel, gilt ceutre stamp, large pica type, comb 
 
N. TIBIALS & Sons' public ATioKS. 63 
 
 edges. Retail, $9.00. Our price $4.25 
 
 American morocco, calf finish, raised panel, beautifully orna- 
 mented, full gilt sides, gilt edges. Retail. $10.50. Our price, $5.00 
 Finest morocco, new raised panel, full gilt sides and back, gilt 
 edges. Retail, $12.75. Our price $6.00 
 
 Two thousand engravings, (30 full-page steel and Dore) over 1.600 
 pages. Finest morocco, raised pa.nel sides, a superb new design, 
 full gilt, gilt edges, antique type. Retail, $15.75. Our price, $7.50 
 
 Crown Bible. 2,000 pages, 2,000 illustrations, 40 full-page steel and 
 Dore engravings, Finest morocco, superb raised panel, full gilt, gilt 
 edges, square rolled. Retail, $18. Our price $9.00 
 
 Genuine Turkey morocco, with the same superb raised panel binding, 
 retail, $29.00. Our price $10.10 
 
 Oxford Teachers' Bibles. Are the best. " We have no hesitation in 
 saying that, all things considered, the Oxford Teachers' Bibles aie 
 better for the Sunday-schoolteacher than any other v\ith which we 
 are familiar." — Sunday School Times. 
 
 PRAYER ROOKS AND HYMNALS. 
 
 At forty to fifty per cent, from usual prices. Bound in calf, morocco, 
 sdk, levant, roan and cloth, separate, and in sets of all sizes. We 
 guarantee to give satisfaction. 
 
 PHOTOGRAPH ALBUMS IN ENDLESS VARIETY. 
 
 Great Bargains, strong bindings, handsomer styles, lower prices than 
 to be had elsewhere. Small 4to size 5x6 inches, 46 card pictures. 
 
 French Morocco gilt, ciasp. Retail, 1. 10. Our pi ice 40c 
 
 Turkey morocco extra " 1.25. "■ 50c 
 
 Same as above, siz3 5x7 inches, 48 card pictures French morocco 
 
 gilt or nickel clasp. Retail, 1.25. Our price 50c 
 
 Turkey morocco gilt or nickel clasp Retail 1.50. Our price, 60c 
 
 Freuch - k nickel French bird in relief, very fine. Retail, 2.00. 
 
 Our price 75c 
 
 NEW ROOKS AND NEW EDITIONS JUST RECEIVED. 
 Hume's England. 6 vols, in 3 Boston editions, 3,100 pages. Pub- 
 lishers' net price set $3.75. Our price, $2.25 
 
 Works of VV. M. Thackeray. Complete, 10 vols. 7,500 pages. Bos- 
 ton edition, bound in silk cloth. Publishers' net price, $15.00. 
 
 Our price . -. ., 9 00 
 
 (A bargain.) 
 Works of Clia*. Dickens. Complete. Boston edition, bound in si!k 
 
 cloth. 15 vols., 14,000 pages. Publishers' net price $22.50 
 
 Our price $11.75 
 
 Geoi-L-e ftlacRonaLPs Complete Works. 18 vols., 400 to 600 pages 
 
 each. Publishers' net price per set, $27.00. Our price $17.00 
 
 Park man's Historical Works. 8 vols. Large 12mo. Publishers' net 
 price, $12.00. Our price $8.25 
 
 Address N. TIEBALS & SONS, 
 
 56 Second Street, Neirhurgh, N, Y. 
 
F. A. CRENZEBACH, 
 
 PHARMACIST, 
 
 236 Liberty St., cor. Third, - NEWBURGH, N. Y. 
 
 (Three and a-half blocks east of the Baldwin House.) 
 Devotes his attention especially to the compounding of Physicians' Prescrip- 
 tions and Family Recipes, and can confidently guarantee the purity of all 
 Drugs and Pharmaceutical preparations used in his establishment. 
 
 SODA WATER. 
 
 New apparatus for manufacturing will enable us to dispense Carbonated 
 Beverages of undoubted purity. 
 
 COLOGNE. 
 
 Grenzebach's "Neroli," Violet and Headquarters Bouquet are the finest and 
 cheapest Toilet Colognes. $1.25 per pint. 
 
 FLOWERS. 
 
 Agent for Schaffer's Conservatory for Plants, Flowers, &c. 
 
 Our stock comprises an excellent assortment of the prominent 
 Proprietary Medicines, Druggists' Sundries, Cigars and fine 
 Confectionary, Mineral Waters, &c. 
 
 ONLY ONE MINUTE'S WALK FROM 
 THE STEAMBOAT LANDING, AND 
 ON THE DIRECT ROUTE TO 
 WASHINGTON'S HEAD- 
 QUARTERS. 
 
 C. WASHBURN, 
 
 MANUFACTURER 
 
 of strictly pure Confectionary and Ice Cream, whole- 
 sale and retail. 
 
 31 Second Street, NEWBUEGH, N. Y. 
 
 Ice Cream, 30 cents per quart. 10 quarts or more, 25 cents a quart. 
 
 Look out lor Washburn's £4tore. 
 
BOLLINGER 
 
 -STZEICIO-W LABEL. 
 
 DRY. EXTRA. QUALITY. DRY. 
 Of the Famous Vintage 1878. The Finest Dry Wine Imported. 
 
 HENRY G. SCHMIDT & CO., 38 Beaver Street, N. Y. 
 
 Sol© _A_gre:o_-ts ±01? "tlie TTin-itieaL States. 
 
 Fine Wines, 
 
 Brandies, 
 
 
 WIN ES £$ggL 
 
 ^1 FROM THE l |r 
 ^ » WOOD 
 
 > x .^-?' 
 
 Champagnes 
 
 Havana Cigars 
 
 &o- 
 
 HENRY HENDERSON, 
 
 SOLE MANAGER, 
 
 COR. PINE STREET & BROADWAY, NEW YORK. 
 
 Families Supplied with Fine Wines, &c, at Lowest Prices. 
 
 HENRY G. SCHMIDT & CO., 
 
 38 BEAVER STREET, NEW YORK. 
 
 - "^ ALSO. SOLE AGENTS IN THE UNITED STATES FOR 
 
 DEINHARD & CO. Hock & Moselle Wines 
 TISCHLER & CO. Clarets & Sauternes 
 JULES REGNIER Burgundies - 
 D. M. FEUERHEERD Jr. & CO. Port Wines 
 JOSE PEMARTIN FEUERHEERD Sherries 
 F. DESSANDIER & CO. 
 
 Coblenz a. Rh. 
 
 Bordeaux. 
 
 Dijon. 
 
 Oporto. 
 
 Jerez de la Frontera, 
 
 Jarn.-ic-Coprnac. 
 
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