iVA m/ir -^imnriMifiBiaitllniSH *, .■* '-'■•>. Gop>iightN!'. CiiPW?IGHT DEPOSIT. Agricultural Woodworking A GROUP OF PROBLEMS FOR Rural and Graded Schools, Agricultural High Schools and the Farm Workshop By Louis M. Roehl u Director of Farm Mechanics, Milwaukee County School of Agriculture and Domestic Economy, Wauwatosa, Wisconsin The Bruce Publishing Company MILWAUKEE, WIS. Copyright 1916 The Bruce PubHshing Company ft AUG 31 1916 17-/^^^/ iCI.A4^H332 PREFACE THE manual training which is offered in the rural schools, graded schools and agricultural high schools should be principally of an agricultural nature. Work of this kind has a tendency to keep the boys in school for a longer period of time. It creates a desire to use tools in making farm necessities and improving farm buildings and equipment. It develops a closer relationship between the school and the home. It trains the eye and hand and develops patience, perseverance, judgment and accuracy. It creates a desire to equip and use a shop at home. It has a bearing on mak- ing the boys want to stay on the farm. It is with these thoughts in mind that this book on agricultural woodworking has been prepared. It is intended that it be used by the boys both at school and at home in the farm workshop as an aid to efficient farming. CONTENTS Page Preface 3 Woodworking Equipment for Country Schools 5 Directions for Reducing Stock to Dimensions 6-7 Bread Board 8-9 Bench Hook 10-11 Feeding Trough for Clucks 12-13 Fly Trap 14-15 Folding Bench 16-17 Nail and Staple Box 18-19 Bird House 20-21 Window Screen 22-23 Tool Sharpening 24 Saw Filing 25 Milking Stool 26-27 Ironing Board 28-29 Wagon Jack 30-31 Conuuunity liird House 32-33 Chicken Feonl Hopper 34-35 Chicken Brooder Coop and Bun 36-37 Eveners and Singletree 38-39 Fence and Gate 40-41 Bench 42-43 Rabbit Trap 44-45 Seed Corn Ciu'ing Frame 46-47 Seed Corn Tree. . . ; 46-48 Chicken Brooder Coop and Run 49-50-51 Clothes Line Reel and Kitchen Stool. . .52-53 Step Ladder 54-55 Swinging Farm Gate 56-57 Trap Nest 58-59 Hive Seat and Tool Box 60-61 Ladders 62-63 Carpenter's Tool Box 64-65 Two-Man Weight Carrier 66-67 Saw Horse 68-69 Page Lawn or Porch Seat. . 70-71 Daily Milk Record Sheet Case 72-73-74 Oats Sprouter 75-76-77 Fruit Ladder 78-79 Wagon Box 80-81 Flat Hay Rack 82-83 Carpenter's Work Bench 84-85-86 A Farm Work Shop 87-91 Ensilage Rack 92-93 Roughage Feed Rack for Swine 94-95 Roughage Feed Rack for Cattle 96-97 Hay Rack 98-99 King Road Drag 100-101 Grain Bed 102-103 Garden Wheelbarrow 104 Land Leveler 105 Blanker 106 Wagon Bed 107 Wagon Box 108 Toi) Wagon Box 109 Stock Rack 110 Silo Form 111-112 Farm Buildings 113 Portable Hog House 114 Colony Poultry House 115-116 Poultry House 117 Pigeon House 118 Hog House 119 Implement Shed 120 (^orn C'ril) 121 Combination Dairy and Horse Barn. 122-125 (combination Horse and Cow Barn 126 Plan for a Farmstead 127 Knots and Sphces 128-133 Lacing a Belt with a Rawhide Thong .... 134 Lacing a Belt with Metallic Wire Belt Lacing - 135 Tools 136-137 WOODWORKING EQUIPMENT FOR COUNTRY SCHOOLS -22-inch Hand Rip Saw 8 Point $1 .50 -22-inch Hand Cross Cut Saw 8 Point 1 . 50 -Claw Hammer, 12 oz. Straight Claw, Plain Face . .55 -Jack Plane, 14-inch with 2-inch Cutter 2. 15 -Try Square, 8 inch .35 -T bevel, 8 inch 30 -Marking Gauge No. 10 -Divider, 8 inch .35 -Carpenter's Mallet, 2fx3f inches .25 -2-foot Four Fold Rule, Brass Bound 35 -j-inch Socket Firmer Chisel .35 -|-inch Socket Firmer Chisel .35 -f -inch Socket Firmer Chisel .40 -Bench Stops .10 -8-inch Bench Brush .35 -12-inch Handy Saw 1 . 25 -Steel Rafter Framing Square 1.75 -Bench Hook 35 -6-inch Screw Driver .30 -10-inch Screw Driver .50 -Ratchet Brace, 8-inch Sweep 1 . 10 -10-inch Flat Bastard Mill File, with Handle 25 -6-inch Slim Taper Triangular File, with Handle... . 10 -8-inch Drawing Knife .70 -Nail Set, 3-32 inch 10 -Rose Countersink .15 -Set Twist Drill Bits 1 . 25 -2x8-inch Combination Carborundum Stone 1 . 00 -Special Saw Set .40 -6-inch Combination Plier .30 -Putty Knife 15 -Set of Six Auger Bits, I, f, ^, f, f , 1 inch 1 .50 -Coping Saw, Nickel Plated, Wire Frame .25 $20.35 For illustrations of tools see pages 136-137. AGRICULTURAL WOODWORKING DIRECTIONS FOR REDUCING STOCK TO DIMENSIONS 1 — Plane one side smooth and mark "I." Call this side the working face. Fig. 1. Fig. 1. Holding Wood Between Beneli i'eg Planing Surface. -Plane one adjoining edge at right angles to surface "I" and mark "II." Call this edge the working edge. Fig. 2. Fig. 2. Edge Planing. 3 — Draw a line acro.ss surface "I" near one end at right angles to surface "II," and remove the end stock to line with saw or plane. Mark end surface "III." Call this end the working end. Kig. 3, Fig. 4. Fig. 3. Squaring the End with Try Square and Pencil. AGRICULTURAL WOODWORKING -Measure off the length of the required piece on surface "I" from the end surface "III," and reduce stock to length with saw or plane. Fig. 4. Fig. 4a. End Planing with a Block Plane. 5 — Mea.sure off the width of the required piece on surface "I" from edge "II" and remove stock to line with plane. 6 — With marking gauge set at the thickness of the required piece, measure off the thick- ness of the required stock from surface "I" and remove stock to line with plane. Fig. 5. Sawing Cross Grain on Bench Hook with Back or Handy Saw. 4a — The end may be trimmed with a block plane as shown. Fig. 4a. Fig. 5. The Marking Gauge in Use. - In reducing a piece of wood to dimensions the try square should be used con- stantly, to obtain right angles with the adjoining surfaces. The stock should be removed to the line but the line should never be cut away. Fig. 6. Fig. 6. Testing to See if End is Square with the Edge. AGRICULTURAL WOODWORKING BREAD BOARD Material Required Lumber : 1 piece basswood, pop- lar or white pine tlx5^xllK inches. Tools Sharp lead pencil, rule, try square, jack plane, handy saw, brace, ^g inch bit, ^ inch chisel, marking gauge, dividers. Stock Bill Pieces. Finished Dimensions. 1. ^x5 3^x11 inches. Fig. 7. Swinging an Arc with a Compass. Directions -Reduce stock to finished di- mensions following the above directions. -To lay out round corners locate points at each corner on both sides 1 inch from end and 1 inch from edge, and with dividers set at a 1- inch radius swing an arc across the corner to edge and end. Fig. 7. Fig. 8. Chiseling with the Grain. 3 — Draw a Hne across edge and end at each corner 1 inch from the corner so that the proper amount of stock may be removed. 4 — Remove stock at corner with % inch chisel, cutting with the grain. Fig. 8. Fig. 9. Boring a Hole. -Locate a point % inch from one end on a center line drawn lengthwise of the stock and bore hole with ^8 inch bit. Bore from one side until the point of the bit comes through, then turn the board and finish from the other side. This prevents sphtting of the wood around the hole. Fig. 9, Fig. 10. Fig. 10. Feeling for the Point of the Bit. 10 AGRICULTURAL WOODWORKING 11 BENCH HOOK Material Required Lumber: 1 piece white or yellow pine, ■^x5ysxl0y2 inches. 1 piece white or yellow pine T^xlJ^xll inches. (Cypress or Oregon pine may be substituted for white or yel- low pine.) Hardware : 6 flat head bright wood screws l^inch, No. 8. Fig. 12. Setting a Plane. Directions 1 — Reduce all pieces to finished dimensions. 2 — Draw a center line lengthwise of big piece. 3 — Locate a point on line just drawn 214 inches from one end and bore % inch hole. 4 — Locate points on each of the small pieces for screws. 5 — Bore holes for screws with ^ inch twist bit and countersink the holes. 6 — Clamp all pieces accurately in position in vise and assemble with screws. If white pine or other soft wood is used the screws may be forced into the large piece without drilling a hole, but if yellow pine or other hardwood is used a hole should be made for starting the screw with a smaller bit than that used for the shank of the screw. The screw driver should be held straight and pressed firmly so as not to mar the slot in the screw. The hole for the-ljead of the screw should be countersunk so that the head is slightly below the surface of the wood. Fig. 11. Position to Hold Sand Paper and 8aud Paper Block. Tools Sharp lead pencil, rule, try square, jack plane, handy saw, brace, ^ inch bit. No. A inch twist drill, countersink, screw driver. Stock Bill Pieces. Finished Dimensions. 1. Mx53^xlO in. 1. Mxl^x 5M in. 1. HxlHx 43^ in. Fig. 13. Countersinking a Hole. 12 AGRICULTURAL WOODWORKING 13 FEEDING TROUGH FOR CHICKS Material Required Lumber: 1 piece cypress, white pine or basswood, tlxdJ^^xQ inches. 1 piece cypress, white pine or basswood, T|xtix223^ inches. 1 piece cypress, white pine or basswood, J^x9x30 inches. (Poplar or redwood may be substituted for cypress, white pine or basswood.) Hardware: 2 flat head bright wood screws, 1>^ inch No. 10. 5 dozen J^ inch brads. 16 1J4 inch brads. 12 4d finishing nails. Tools Sharp lead pencil, rule, try square, T bevel, jack plane, hammer, brace, -^ inch twist drill, countersink, nail set, screw driver. Fig. 14. Proper Position to Hold Screw Driver Pieces. 2. 1. 1. 2. 28. Stock Bill Finished Dimensions. ^x4 x4 inches. %x %x22 inches. 3^x3 x22 inches. Hx2^x22 inches. Hx ^x 2'}4 inches. Use. Ends. Ridge. Bottom. Sides. Partitions. Directions 1 — Reduce all pieces to finished di- mensions. 2 — To make the end cuts of the par- titions hold the saw at 45° to a right angle. 3 — Fasten ends to ridge with 13^ inch No. 10 screw. Use re inch twist drill for screw hole and counter- sink hole. 4 — Fasten ends to sides and bottom with six 4d finishing nails at each end. 5 — Nail sides to bottom with IJ^ inch brads. Use eight brads at each side spaced evenly. 6 — Fasten partitions by using one ]/s inch brad at each end. Fig. 15. Ripsawing on a Saw Horse. 14 AGklCULTURAL WOODWORKING 15 FLY TRAP Material Required Lumber: 1 piece white pine, cypress or basswoood t|x8x24 inches. 1 piece white pine or basswood J^xlKxSG inches. Hardware: 16 fiat head bright wood screws IK inch, No. 8. 4 dozen carpet tacks. 1 piece wire fly screen 14 inches square. 16 brads 1 34 inch, No. 18. 14 shingle nails. Tools Sharp lead pencil, rule, try square, jack plane, handy saw, brace and ^ inch twist drill, countersink, screw driver, hammer, nail set, compass. Stock Bill Pieces Finished Dimensions Use 4 ^x Mx8^ inches. Corners. 8 %x %x&}/2 inches. Cross Pieces, 2 %yL Mx93^ inches. Top. 2 %x Mx8 inches. Top. 2 J^xl x93^ inches. Top. 3^x1 xI}/2 inches. Top. Fig. 16. Cross Sawing on a Saw Horse. Directions 1 — -Reduce all pieces to finished dimensions. 2 — Assemble box part of trap by using one flat head screw 1^ inch No. 8, and one brad IJ^ inch No. 16 at each joint. The hole for the screw should be made about half the length of the screw with the 5-32 inch twist drill and then countersunk. The two screws at each corner must be placed a little above and below center respectively .so as not to strike each other. 3 — Place a brad at each joint at least 34 inch from the screw so as to prevent the stock from turning. 4 — Assemble the four % inch pieces for the top same as box and nail the 1 inch strip as shown in the drawing with shingle nails. 5 — Lay out the pattern for the screen on any piece of paper and cut the screen to the pat- tern with scissors or knife. 6 — Sew the pattern together at the joint with a wire torn from the edge of the screen. 7 — Tack screen in place with carpet tacks. 16 AGRICULTURAL WOODWORKING 17 FOLDING BENCH Material Required Lumber : 1 piece cypress or white pine texS inches x 9 f t. 6 inches. 1 piece cypress or white pine HxlM inches x 7 feet. (Oregon pine or Southern pine may be substituted for cypress or white pine.) Hardware: 30 flat head bright wood screws 1% inches, No. 10. 16 fiat head bright wood screws 1 inch, No. 7. 4 carriage bolts and washers Hx2 inches. Tools Sharp lead pencil, rule, try square, jack plane, handy saw, brace, % inch bit, rt inch and 3^ inch twist drills, countersink, % inch chisel, rip saw, screw driver, pliers, dividers. Pieces 2. 2. 2. 4. 2. 2. 4. Stock Bill Finished Dimensions. Mx2Hx 4 feet Mx2Hx 3 feet Hx2}4xU}i inches. ^x2 x21 inches. ^x2 xl6 inches, ^x ^xl43^ inches. 3^x1 x21 inches. inches. 103^ inches. Use. Sides. Platform. Ends. Legs. End cross pieces. Lower cross pieces. ■End braces. Directions 1 — Reduce all pieces to finished dimensions. 2 — Fasten ends to four long pieces by using two 1% inch No. 10 screws at each joint. Bore holes for screws with re inch twist bit and countersink holes. 3 — Fasten end lower cross piece by placing five screws as shown in the drawing. 4 — Locate points for bolts on side pieces 13/8 inches from top edge and 3^ inches from end and bore hole with ^g inch bit. 5 — Round upper end of legs. 6 — Bore ^-s inch holes in legs at end for bolts. 7 — Cut notch 3€ inch deep and % inch wide in upper edge of legs 2 inches from end and fasten cross piece in place with one 1% inch screw at each joint. 8 — Lay out cross braces, making half lap joint at center and fasten with two 1 inch No. 7 screws at each joint, and one ^ inch screw at half lap joint. 9 — Fasten legs to top with bolts. 18 AGRICULTURAL WOODWORKING 19 NAIL AND STAPLE BOX Material Required Lumber: 1 piece white pine or basswood i6x8KxllJ/2 inches. 1 piece white pine or basswood tix53^xll3^ inches. 1 piece white pine or basswood 3^x4 inches by 4 feet 2 inches. (Redwood, poplar or cypress may be substituted for white pine or basswood.) Hardware: 5 flat head bright wood screws l}i inches, No. 8. 3 dozen 4d finishing nails. Tools Sharp lead pencil, rule, try square, jack plane, handy saw, brace and 5-32 inch twist drill, countersink, 1 inch bit, screw driver, hammer, % inch chisel. Fig. 17. Holdiug the Plane at au Angle tu Cut a Chamfer Pieces. 1. 1. 2. 2. 2. Stock Bill Finished Dimensions. ^x8 xll inches. ^x5 3^x11 inches. 3/^x4 xl2 inches. 3^x4 X 8 inches. 3^x3 Mx SYs inches. Use. Bottom. Partition and handle. Sides. Ends. Cross partitions. Directions 1 — Reduce all pieces to finished dimensions. 2— To lay out opening for hand draw a line lengthwise of stock 13^2 inches from upper edge, also draw a center Hne crosswise of stock. Measurements should be made on hne running lengthwise of stock from center line. Locate points on line 13^ inches from center hne and bore 1 inch holes. Remove as much as possible of the remaining stock with 1 inch bit and trim opening with ^ inch chisel. 3 — In making partition and handle first reduce piece to %x534xll inches. To lay out the slant draw two lines across upper edge 33^ inches from ends and a line across each end 2 inches from upper edge. Connect lines just drawn with hues on both sides. 4 — Lay out }i inch chamfer on upper edge and both ends of opening with pencil and re- move stock with chisel. 5 — Remove stock for slant with saw and trim to line wath plane. 6 — Lay out 3^ inch chamfer on corners of upper edge and remove stock with plane. 7 — Assemble box by placing nails and screws as shown in drawing. 20 AGRICULTURAL WOODWORKING 21 BIRD HOUSE Material Required Lumber: 1 piece white pine or basswood %x5}4 inches x 3 feet 2 inches. 1 piece white pine or basswood Hx8Mx8H inches. 1 piece white pine or basswood j^xl^xlQj^ inches. (Poplar, cypress or redwood may be substituted for pine or basswood.) Hardware: 1 flat head bright wood screw 2 inch No. 12. 4 flat head bright wood screws J^ inch No. 7. 1 dozen IJ^ inch brads No. 18. 2 dozen 1 inch brads No. 18. Tools Sharp lead pencil, rule, try square, jack plane, handy saw, brace, coping saw, twist drills 7-32 inch and 3^ inch, countersink, screw driver, hammer, nail set, T bevel. Pieces 1. 2. 2. 2. 1. 1. Stock Bill Finished Dimensions. 3^x6 3^x 8 inches. ^x5 X 5J4 inches. Hx43/^x 4 inches. ^x4%x 8 inches. 3^x1 Hx 2 inches. %xl xl6 inches. Directions Use. Bottom. Ends. Sides. Roof. Brace. Post. circle. 1 — Reduce all pieces to finished dimen.sions. 2 — To make doorway draw a center line lengthwise of end piece and swing a circle with com- pass using point on center line IJ^ inches from end as center. 3 — Draw L'nes at right angle to end tangent to sides of circle. 4 — Remove stock for doorway using handy saw to cut to circle and coping saw to make the 5 — Set the T bevel at the same angle as shown in the drawing and lay out the slant for the gable of end pieces. 6 — With T bevel in same position as for gables lay out bevels on upper edge of both sides and both edges of two pieces for roof. 7 — ^Fasten brace to post with 2 inch No. 12 screw. Holes for flat head screws should always be bored and counter- sunk. 8 — Fasten brace and post to bottom with four ]/8 inch No. 7 screws as shown in drawing. 9 — Nail ends to sides by using three 1 inch brads at each joint. 10 — Draw lines on lower side of bottom piece where brads are to be placed so that when driven through bottom they will enter sides and ends. 11 — Nail bottom, ends and sides by us- ing three 1 inch brads at each side and back and two at front. 12 — Fasten top in place by using seven 1 inch brads for each side. 13 — Set brads with nail set. l-itr. is. Setting Xail with Nail Set. 22 AGRICULTURAL WOODWORKING 23 WINDOW SCREEN Material Required for Each Window Lumber: 1 piece white pine or cypress IH^'Z}^ inches by width of window for bottom rail. 1 piece white pine 1)^8x2 inches by width of window plus twice the length of win- dow for top rails and stiles. 1 piece white pine IJsxl inch by width of window for middle rail. Enough screen moulding to cover edges of screen and middle rail. Hardware: Twenty lOd casing nails, if nailed joint is used; 1 package No. 16 brads if mortise and tenon joint is used and for nailing moulding; package of carpet tacks for screen; wire fly screen; paint. The finished dimensions are not given here as they must be obtained by measur- ing the window where the screen is to fit. The mortise and tenon joint is the stronger and better way of joining the screen at the corners, yet a nailed joint holds the members firmly in place if the Fig. 19. Position of Chisel and Mallet for Mortising. nails are well placed at an angle as shown in the drawing. The screen need lap only far enough on the sides and ends to be securely nailed. It should not project outside of the moulding which is placed on the inside edge of the sides and ends and across the middle rail. The painting should be done carefully so as to prevent moisture from getting into the joints. Fig. 20. Method for Holding Chisel in Mortising. 24 AGRICULTURAL WOODWORKING TOOL SHARPENING There are three distinct operations in sharpening a plane bit or chisel; first, grinding, Fig. 21; second, whetting the beveled side, Fig. 22; third, removing the wire edge from the plain side, Fig. 23. In grinding a plane iron loosen the cap screw with a screw driver and set the lever cap back on the plane iron so that it will be out of the way when removing the wire edge from the plain side. The plane iron or cutter should be held on the grinder so that the edge will be a perfect right angle with the side. It should be held firmly in one position so that only one bevel will be formed. In grinding, the tool should be moved from side to side on the grinder so as to prevent wearing the stone unevenly. Fig. 21. Grinding a Chisel. In whetting the beveled side of the chisel or plane iron it should be held firmly in both hands as indicated in Fig. 22 and given three or four for- ward strokes, pressing the iron firmly on to the stone. Do not move the wrists for this motion. The movement should occur at the elbow and by the swaying of the body forward and back. Fig. 22. Whetting the Beveled Side of a Chisel. licnidviiii; thr Wire Edge from the I hi Side of a Chisel. To remove the wire edge, lay the flat side of chisel or plane iron, flat on the oil stone as shown in Fig. 23 and move it back and forth three or four strokes. Under no circumstances should the end of the iron be raised or lowered so that it won't lie flat on the stone. Until one becomes thoroughly famil- iar with tool sharpening the whett ing of both beveled and plain sides may need to be done more than once to instu-e a good cutting tool. AGRICULTURAL WOODWORKING 25 SAW FILING The first operation in sharpening a saw is that of jointing the saw, Fig. 24. The purpose of this is to bring'all teeth to an even length. This is done by drawing a flat file across the teeth of the saw\ One or two strokes is usually sufficient. The file must be held perfectly square; this may be facilitated by use of a block called a saw jointer, as shown in Fig. 24. The second opera- tion in saw sharpening is that of setting the saw. This consists of bending the teeth out- ward, one on one side, the next on the other and so on till all the teeth are bent. The set should not extend more than half the length of the tooth. For ordinary work the teeth should be set about one-third the thickness of the blade. For dry lumber the saw will require less set than for green or wet lumber. The third operation is that of filing the saw. In fifing a cross-cut saw the point of the file should point toward the point of the saw at an angle of about 45 degrees. In filing a rip saw the file is held straight across the saw. File every tooth to a point, one-half of the fiUng being done from each side, being careful to stop filing a tooth when it has been brought to a point. File the entire length of the saw from one side, then reverse the saw and file from the^other^side. The front edge of each tooth projecting away from the filer and the back edge of the tooth next ahead, should be filed with the same stroke. Only forward strokes i)f the file should be used. The fourth operation con- sists of placing the saw flat on a smooth surface, as the top of a bench, and running a whet- stone over the teeth so as to re- move the burr from the teeth Fig. 25. Filing a Saw. caused by filing. Fig. 24. Jointing a Saw. 26 AGRICULTURAL WOODWORKING 27 MILKING STOOL Material Required Lumber: 1 piece white pine i^"xl0"x5' 3". (Cypress or redwood may be substituted for white pine.) Hardware: 15 flat head bright wood screws, If" No. 10. 16 flat head bright wood screws, If" No. 8 for braces. Stock Bill Pieces. Finished Dimensions. Use. 1. f"xl0"xl2i" Seat. ■« X. f"xlO"xllf" Back Leg. 1. f"xl0"x5" Front Leg. 1. |"xl0"x21i" Pail Rest. 1. f"xl0"x5f" Front Seat Support 4. f'x 2"x4i" Braces. Directions 1. Reduce all pieces to finished dimensions. 2. Round both ends of the seat and the front end of the pail rest to lines drawn across the stock on both sides |" from the end. 3. Locate points on seat for hand hole as shown in the drawing and at these points swing circles with f " radius. Draw lines tangent to the circles. 4. Bore a hole with |" bit so that the outside of the Y' hole touches the outside edge of the circle and cut the opening with a coping saw. 5. Set the T bevel for the bevel cuts at the back end of the pail rest, the lower end of the front seat support, the upper end of the front leg and the upper end of the braces from the drawing and cut ends to the bevels. The lower ends of the braces are 45 degree cuts and may be laid out by setting the T bevel at 45 degrees on the steel square. 6. Bore three holes for If" No. 10 screws at each joint spaced as shown in the drawing with 3-16" wood twist drill; countersink the holes and assemble the parts. 7. Bore 5-32" holes for screws in braces; countersink the holes and fasten the braces. The stool may be assembled by using four 6d common nails at each joint and two 6d common nails at each end of each brace; however the screws are a better form of construction. 28 AGRICULTURAL WOODWORKING 29 IRONING BOARD Material Required Lumber: 1 piece white pine, poplar or basswood, I|"xl2"x5' 0". 1 piece white pine, poplar or basswood, il"x4"x3' 6". 1 piece birch or oak tixl|"x8' 4". Hardware: 2 carriage bolts \"x2^" with 2 washers each. 4 flat head bright wood screws 1\" , No. 8. 2 flat head bright wood screws |", No. 7. 2 steel butt hinges, riveted, with 1\" screws. Stock Bill Pieces. Finished Dimensions Use. 1. Ii"xl2"x5' 0" Board. 2. ir'xU"x3' 2" Clamps. 1. fr'xl"xl2" Parting Strip. 1. |"xl"x9i" Cross bar. 1. il"x4"x2' 7" Post. 1. il"x4"xl0" Post and Hinge Support. Directions 1. Reduce all pieces to finished dimensions. 2. To shape the board draw a center line lengthwise of stock and swing an arc with 5" radius on center line 5" from end. 3. Draw lines across both edges 2' 3" from the same end as the arc. 4. Remove stock to line with saw, draw knife and plane. 5. Locate points for bolts 4" from end and 2" from edge and bore a 11-16" hole Y' deep on the upper edge of board. 6. Bore \" holes thru the board in center of 11-16" holes, and thru the parting strips and clamps. 7. Bolt these three members in place and plug the 11-16" holes. 8. Fasten the post to the post and hinge support with four l\" No. 8 screws. 9. Cut a small groove in the lower side of the board and also in the edge of the post and hinge support for the joint of the hinges and fasten the hinges. 10. Place the board on the bench and the post standing up at right angle to the board and fasten the cross bar to the clamps so that it touches the post. 11. Bore the f" hole in the lower end of post for hanging the board. 30 AGRICULTURAL WOODWORKING 31 WAGON JACK Material Required Lumber : 1 piece oak, birch, maple or other hardwood I"x6"x6' 6". Hardware: 6 machine bolts |"x3|" with washers. 2 flat head, bright wood screws 1|", No. 10. 2 pieces of iron i"xl"x4". 3 iron rivets V'xll". Stock Bill pieces. Finished Dimensions Use 1. 1. 2. 2. 1. 1. 1. l"x3"x3'-0" l"x2r'x3'-0" I"x2i"xl2" l"xli"x22" I"x3"x24" f"x2"x8" |"x4"x4" Directions Top. Main Brace. Front Standards. Back Standards. Lever. Foot. Wheel. 1. Reduce all pieces to finished dimensions. 2. Round one end of the top by swinging an arc on a centerline at one end with a radius of one and one-half inches, and remove stock with saw and chisel. 3. Lay out axle notches by drawing lines across the upper edge of the top two and three-quarters inches apart, and another line on the side of the stock one inch from the top edge. Cut the notches with the rip and cross- cut saws. 4. Round the ends of the front standards by swinging arcs on a center- line one and one-eighth inches from the end with a one and one-eighth inch radius. 5. Find the center of the piece for the wheel by drawing lines diagonally across the stock, and swing the circle with the compass set at a 2 inch radius. 6. Lay out the lower end of the main brace as shown in the detail draw- ing to fit the foot, and cut the upper end at a bevel. 7. Lay out and cut a one-quarter inch chamfer around the upper edge of the foot excepting where it fits into the main brace. 8. Swing a circle on a centerline drawn lengthwise of the lever, one and one-half inches from the upper end with the compass set at one and one-half inch radius; taper the lever to one and one-half inches at the lower end, and remove the stock to line. Lay out and cut a one-quarter inch chamfer at all four corners of the lever as shown in the drawing. 9. Fasten the foot to the main brace with two one and one-half inch No. 10 flat head, bright wood screws. 10. Bore holes with three-eighths inch bit for bolts at positions shown in the drawing and assemble parts with bolts. 11. Bore one-quarter inch holes for rivets of iron plate at center of circle of lever, as shown in the drawing at upper end, and fasten plates by riveting in position. ^^-■LV_" I b-II- T7>e -J I -H i I I I 173-5 32 AGRICULTURAL WOODWORKING 33 COMMUNITY BIRD HOUSE Material Required Lumber: 1 piece white pine or basswood ^"x6|"x9' 4". 1 piece white pine or basswood Ti"x4"x4". 1 piece white pine or basswood l|"xl^"xl6". (Poplar, cypress or redwood may be substituted for white pine or basswood.) Hardware: 1 flat head bright wood screw 2^', No. 12. 4 flat head bright wood screws \\" , No. 8. 2| doz. brads 1\" , No. 18, for bottom and sides. 1| doz. 6d finishing nails for roof. Stock Bill Pieces. Finished Dimensions. Use. 1. i"x6"xl3i" Bottom. 2. "2 XO'2 XJ-^2^ Sides. 3. i"x6"x7r' Ends and partition 2. i"x5r'xl9i" Roof. 1. ii"x4"x4" Support for post. 1. liVli"xl6" Post 2. r'xr'x7" Perch 4. 2 X2 -X-O Perch supports. Directions Fig. 26. Community Bird House. 1. Reduce all pieces to fin- ished dimensions. 2. To make doorway locate a point for center as indicated in drawing and draw a circle with the compass. Bore a hole with \" bit so that the outside edge of the hole touches the circle. Place a coping saw blade thru the \" hole, fasten blade in frame and saw the circle. 3. To lay out the slant on partition and end pieces for gable set the T bevel at the same posi- tion as shown in the drawing. 4. Lay out the bevels at ridge and eaves of roof boards with T bevel set the same as for end pieces. 5. Fasten brace to post with one flat head bright wood screw2|", No. 12. 6. Drill holes for screws with 5-32" wood twist drill ^" from end and \" from side at each corner of brace and fasten brace and post to bottom with four flat head bright wood screws \\" , No. 8. 7. Fasten ends and partition to bottom with four 1\" No. 18 brads at each joint. 8. Fasten sides to ends and partition by using five brads on each side at the bottom and three at each end. 9. Fasten roof by using three 6d finishing nails at each joint. All nails and brads should be spaced evenly and driven straight so as not to run out at the side. 10. In boring the holes for the f " screws in the perch supports the wood should be clamped in the vise so as to prevent splitting. 11. Fasten perches with f" No. 6 flat head bright wood screws as shown in the drawing. -> ^ t *> ( ^ V^ '•t ^ c 1 — ^^ _ r "0 - \| D 1 - -< — V o > t «- O > 5^ — > * .,' '* A rl 1-| «v XXJ. r "-JOOQ C//J , L 1 1 V"' k' -L / i\ '^ 1 V^D 'Vl § 1 <^) ^ l-^ \ iFi^ t ^^ -/^^^ §- r^ i IV t/l//OJ9£^/J4 <:5 1 1 s>jm/o sc/oc/Q c^ ^ 44 AGRICULTURAL WOODWORKING 45 RABBIT TRAP. Material Required. Lumber — One piece of any kind of wood (preferably old weathered), I"x6"x8' 0" Hardware — 2 doz. 8d common nails 4 staples (poultry netting) 1 piece of heavy wire 18" long for trigger 1 piece of heavy tin or galvanized iron 4"x5|" for door 2 3d shingle nails Stock Bill. Pieces Dimensions Use 4 I"x6"x21" Sides, top and bottom 1 I"x4"x6" End Directions. As little planing as possible should be done so as to retain the weathered surface of the wood. 1. Reduce all pieces to finished dimensions. 2. Bend the wire for the trigger as indicated in the drawing. 3. Nail the staples for holding the trigger to the bottom side of the top. 4. Nail the top and bottom to the sides, using four nails for each joint. 5. Place the trigger in position through the staples. 6. Nail the end in place using two nails for each joint. 7. Punch or drill holes I" from the upper edge and |" from each side of the tin door and fasten door in position with staples. 8. Place the two 3d nails at places shown in the drawing for door stops A heavy wire door made as shown in the detail drawing may be used instead of the tin door. Old weathered lumber is preferable to new as it more closely resembles a hollow log. 'to I •I I •Upgwiar ^- 3JL n >/ M TT — -Ti J. -r ^ f \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ ^ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ :^ f7 / / / i-rrr-rr ^ .Q/- .X n I I I I -rj „<^-,5» ^i I S -^ 46 AGRICULTURAL WOODWORKING 47 SEED CORN CURING FRAME Material Required. Lumber — 1 piece I"x4"x8' 0" any soft wood Hardware — 8 flat head bright wood screws Ij" No. 7 8 flat head bright wood screws If" No. 10 30 ft. of No. 18 annealed wire 48 3d fine shingle nails Stock Bill. Pieces Finished Dimensions Use 2 f"x4"xl2" Feet 2 |"x4"xl9r' Uprights 1 f"x4"xl4" Lower cross piece 1 |"x4"xl4i" Upper cross piece 'Vi Fig. 28. Seed Corn Curing Frame Directions. This frame may be made larger to suit larger quantities of corn by merely adding to the length of uprights, cross pieces and wire. 1. Reduce all pieces to finished dimensions. 2. To lay out feet draw a line across both ends of stock 2" from the lower edge and two lines across top edge 4" from either end. Connect lines on end with those on edge with straight lines and remove stock with saw and plane. 3. Cut a gain |" deep x f " wide on one side of each upright at the upper end for upper cross piece. 4. Fasten uprights to feet by placing four Ij" No. 7 screws as shown in end view. 5. Fasten cross pieces by placing two If" No. 10 screw; in each end of each piece. 6. Place the 3d fine shingle nails 2" apart as shown in drawing. 7. Use the phers in drawing the wire taut, beginning at A and drawing in direction of arrow points. 48 AGRICULTURAL WOODWORKING SEED CORN TREE Material Required. Lumber — 1 piece 4"x4"x6' 0" of any kind of soft wood 1 piece 2"x6"x3' 0" of any kind of soft wood 1 piece I"x2"x2' 6" of any kind of soft wood Hardware — 16 flat head bright wood screws IJ" No. 8 1| lb. lOd finishing nails 1 piece tin 12"xl2" Stock Bill. Pieces Finished Dimensions 1 4"x4"x6' 0" 2 If"x6"xl8" 4 13/16"x2"x7" Use Tree Foot Braces Directions. 1. Reduce all pieces to finished dimensions. 2. Lay out an octagon on the upper end of the tree as shown in the detail drawing and then lay out a chamfer on each corner of the tree to within 16" of the lower end of the tree. Remove stock for chamfer with plane and chisel. 3. Shape top of tree as shown in drawing, removing the stock with the plane. 4. Lay out a half lap joint for the two pieces for the foot; remove the stock with saw and chisel. 5. With saw and chisel, shape the lower end of post as shown in detail of "post at bottom." 6. Place the two pieces for the foot together and bore a 2" hole through the center for bottom of post. 7. Brace the post as shown in the drawing, us- ing two screws at each end of each piece. 8. Cut a square hole in the center of the tin mouse guard as large as the tree and strip on the tree to bottom of chamfer. 9. Place nails 3" apart in a staggered position at about such slant as shown in drawing. Fig. 29. Seed Corn Tree AGRICULTURAL WOODWORKING 49 CHICKEN BROODER, COOP AND RUN Material Required Lumber — 1 piece soft pine, cypress, fir or basswood l"xl"xl2' 0" 2 pieces soft pine, cypress, fir or basswood I"xl0"xl2' 0' Hardware — j lb. 6d common nails J lb 8d common nails 30 8d finishing nails 16 3d fine shingle nails 16 flat head bright wood screws IJ" No. 9 27 flat head bright wood screws |" No. 6 1 piece of fine screen 6"xll" 1 piece of fine screen 10^"xl2" 1 piece of 1" mesh chicken wire 13"x3' 9" 1 piece of 1" mesh chicken wire 13"x5' 0" 1 piece of 2" mesh chicken wire 27"x5' 0" 2 gate hooks and eyes 1 piece heavy tin ll"xl4^" 1 piece heavy tin or galvanized iron ll"xl6j" 1 piece heavy wire 16" J lb. I" galvanized poultiy netting staples Stock Bill ieces Finished Dimensions Use 3 I"x8"x30" Bottom 2 f"x2"x24" Bottom cleats 4 f"xll"x2' 7|" Side of coop 2 f"x8"x24" Rear end of coop 2 I"x7"x22" Front end of coop 1 f"x2"x24" Cleat inside of front at top 2 f"xl"xlO" Front of coop 2 |"xlO"x3' i'' Top of coop 1 f"x9r'x3' i" Top of coop 2 |"x2"x24" Cleats for top 2 f"xli"x3' i" Battens for top 1 f"x5r'x29" Rain shield at front 4 f "x2"x5' 6" Sides of run 2 f"x2"xl6" Corner posts of run 2 f"x2"x25^" End of run 1 f"x2"xl2i" Cross brace inside of run 2 f"xl"xll" Top and bottom of side door 2 f"xl"xlli" Ends of side door 2 f"x2"x27" Straps for door at end of run 4 |"xli"x8f" Straps at end of gates 7 f"xlf"xl7" Uprights for doors 1 t"xf"x2" Door button Directions 1. Reduce all pieces to finished dimen.sions and label each piece. 2. Fasten the bottom cleats to the bottom by driving three 6d common nails at each joint. The nails should be driven at a slant so as not to come through. 3. Assemble top in same way as bottom. 50 AGRICULTURAL WOODWORKING 51 4. Nail the battens over the joints on top of the coop with 3d fine shingle nails. ' 5. Nail the sides to the ends of the box by using four 8d common nails at each side of the back end and five 8d common nails at each side of the front end. 6. Fasten the two main front pieces by naihng to them the |"x2"x24" cleat on the in- side at the top. Cut gains l"wide and J" deep, 6" from the top on the inside edges of the main front pieces. 7. Fasten the two pieces in position indicated in the drawing by toenailing them to the two main front pieces and fasten the 6"xll" fine screen with poultry netting staples. 8. Assemble the side door by using two 8d finishing nails to hold the butt joint at each corner. 9. Fasten the 105"xl2" piece of fine screen to the side door with poultry netting staples. 10. Cut the head from an 8d finishing nail and cut it into two equal pieces for pivots for the side door. Drill holes for the pivots in the door and sides of run as indicated in the drawing and place pivots in the door. 11. Cut gains j" deep in one edge of two pieces for sides of run 18" from one end for cross brace and fasten in place with two 8d finishing nails at each end. 12. Cut gains at both ends of corner posts ^" deep x 2" wide as shown in detail of cor- ner and fasten corners of coop by placing four 8d finishing nails as shown in detail. 13. Fasten run to coop by driving four 1|" No. 9 fiat head bright wood screws through each side of run into the coop. 14 Bore hole through the center of the door button and fasten in place with one f" No. 6 screw. 15. Cut the ll"xl45" piece of heavy tin to the pattern shown in front of coop, drill a hole for screw in each flange, bend flange and place door in position with two f " No. 6 screws. 16. Bore |" holes in ll"xl6^" piece of sheet metal for ventilation, fold one end over the heavy wire as shown in detail drawing and fasten over front of main door with one staple at each end. 17. Fasten the straps to the pieces for the end gates by using two |" No. 6 screws at each joint. 18. Cut grooves f" deep and If" wide in the straps for doors at end of run to receive the end gates. 19. Place gates in position and nail straps to end of run with two nails at each joint. 20. Fasten the chicken wire to sides and top of coop. 21. Fasten the rain shield in position shown in drawing by driving two 6d common nails into each main piece at front of coop. 22. Paint the coop and run if desired. Fig. 30. Chicken Brooder, Coop and Run. 52 AGRICULTURAL WOODWORKING 53 KITCHEN STOOL Material Required. Lumber — 1 piece of oak, maple, basswood or white pine I"x9"x9" 1 piece of oak, maple, basswood or white pine l"x6J"x24" Hardware — 12 flat head bright wood screws 2j" No. 12 Stock BiU. Pieces Finished Dimensions Use 1 13/16"x9"x9" Top 4 13/16"xl3/16"x23|" Legs 2 13/16"xl3/16"xlO" Braces 2 13/16"xl3/16"x8|" Braces Directions. 1. Reduce stock to finished dimensions. 2. Lay out and cut a |" chamfer on upper edges of top. 3. Set the T-bevel by using the figures 12 and 2i on the steel square and lay out and cut the beveled ends of both legs and braces. 4. Find the centers of ends of braces and upper ends of legs by drawing lines diagonally across the ends and bore a hole about f" deep with No. 5/32 twist drill. 5. Locate points on top board at each corner 1^" from each edge. 6. At points just located bore holes with No. 7 twist drill. Use the T-bevel as set for the bevel cuts of legs to guide the bit at the same angle that the legs are to assume. 7. Bore holes with No. 7 twist drill for all braces; two braces to be placed 9" and two 13" from the bottom of the stool. 8. Countersink all screw holes and place screws. 9. The stool may be finished with two coats of shellac or interior paint. CLOTHES LINE REEL Material Required. Lumber — 1 piece basswood, white pine, gumwood, redwood, oak or maple I"x6"xl4" Hardware — 2 carriage bolts 5"x4j" with three washers each. Stock Bill. Pieces Finished Dimensions Use 1 f"x6"xl4" Reel 2 f " round x 2f " long Handles Directions. 1. Reduce reel to finished dimensions. 2. Draw a centerline lengthwise of stock on both sides. 3. On centerline at each end of stock swing an arc with a 1|" radius so that edge of arc is 3|" from end of stock. 4. Draw lines across ends |" from edge and from these points draw lines tangent to the arcs. 5. Remove the stock at ends with rip saw and turning saw or coping saw. 6. Round the corners as shown in the di-awing with the chisel. 7. From the stock taken from ends square up two pieces f"xf"x2f" for handle. 8. Bore a {" hole through center of both pieces lengthwise. 9. Round the handle by laying out an octagon at each end, cutting the stock octagonal in shape with the plane and then removing the edges until stock is round. 10. On a hne drawn across the stock 6" from one end lay out a f" square 1" from one edge and remove the stock with a f" bit and chisel. 11. Bore a I" hole in edge of stock to meet the center of the square hole. 12. Bore a I" hole in opposite edge 1" from the 8" end. 13. Placekandles in position, using one washer at the head of the bolt, one between handle and reel and one next to the nut. 14. Mar the thread on the bolt slightly to prevent the nut from coming off. 15. Bore a 5/16" hole through the reel 1|" from one edge and 4" from one end and cut an opening to hold the end of the clotheshne. 54 AGRICULTURAL WOODWORKING 55 STEP LADDER Material Required. Lumber — 1 piece of white or Norway pine I"x8"xl0' 0" Hardware — 18 flat head bright wood screws 2" No. 10 4 flat head bright wood screws 2^" No. 10 4 round head bkied wood screws |" No. 6 2, 2"x2" steel box hinges 1 piece leather or canvas strap 21" long Stock Bill. Pieces Finished Dimensions Use 2 f"x3i"x2' 9" Front Standards 2 r'x2"x2' 6i" Back Standards 3 f"x4f"xl4f" Steps 1 f"x5|"xl8" Top 1 r'x2"xl6" Top Brace 1 |"x2"xl3" Bottom Brace Directions. 1. Reduce all pieces to finished dimensions. 2. Set the T-bevel at an angle obtained by using 14f " on the beam and 6" on the blade of the steel square and lay out the bevel cuts at both ends of the front standards and remove stock to line. - 3. With T-bevel set as for the standards lay out the cuts for the steps. Saw grooves I" deep for the steps and remove stock with chisel. 4. Bevel the upper edge of the top brace with the T-bevel set as for the steps. 5. With the T-bevel set at an angle obtained by using 13|" on the beam and 6" on the blade of the steel square, bevel the lower ends of the back standards. 6. Lay out the gain for the bottom brace on the inside edges of the back standards |" deep and 2" wide, 5" from the lower ends of the standards and fasten brace in place using two 21" screws at each end. 7. Bevel both edges of the steps ' ] at the same bevel as used for the ends of the front standards. 8. Fasten the steps by placing two 2" No. 10 flat head screws in each end of each step. 9. Fasten the top to the front standards, placing two 2" No. 10 flat head screws through the top into each standard. Place screws as shown in drawing. Fasten the top brace to the top and front standards by driving two 2" No. 10 flat head bright wood screws through the top brace at each end into the standard. 11. Fasten the back standards by placing the hinges as indicated in the drawing. 12. Fasten the leather or canvas strap to the lower side of the bottom step and the upper edge of the bottom brace by using two f " No. 6 round head blued wood screws at each end. 13. Paint the ladder if desired. Fig. 31. Ladder. (0 $ 56 AGRICULTURAL WOODWORKING 57 SWINGING FARM GATE Material Required. Lumber — 1 piece white or yellow pine, fir or cj^press I"x6"xl8' 0" 5 pieces white or yellow pine, fir or cypress I"x6"xl6' 0" 2 pieces white or yellow pine, fir or cypress I"x6"xl2' 0" 1 piece white or yellow pine, fir or cypress I"x4"x7' 4" 1 piece hardwood f " round x 6" long Hardware — 25 carriage bolts |"x3" 4 carriage bolts |"x2|" 2 pair screw hook and strap hinges 25 6d nails Stock Bill. Pieces Finished Dimensions Use 1 |"x6"xl7' 6" Long arm 4 |"x6"xl6' 0" Horizontal pieces 2 |"x6"x8' 0" End uprights 2 |"x6"x4' 0" End uprights 1 |"x6"x4' 0" Middle upright 1 |"x6"x3' 9" Middle upright 1 |"x6"x8' lY' Brace 1 f"x4"x26" Latch 2 |"x4"x20" Uprights for latch 2 f'xl 15/16"x4" Blocks above and below latch 2 |"xl 15/16"x6" Blocks above and below latch 1 I" round x 6" long Directions. Knob L Reduce all pieces to finished dimensions. 2. Fasten the vertical pieces to the horizontal pieces by placing two |"x3" carriage bolts at each joint. 3. Fasten the long arm and the braces to the horizontal by placing the |"x2J" carriage bolts as indicated in the drawing. 4. Bore a |" hole through the center of the latch for the knob; place knob in position and fasten by driving a 6d nail into the upper edge of the latch so that the point of the nail will go into the latch. 5. Place latch in position and fasten the uprights for the latch to the two middle horizontal pieces 8" from the front end vertical piece by driving two 6d common nails at each end from each side. 6. In like manner fasten the blocks above and below the latch, as in- dicated in the detail drawing using two 6d nails from each side. I I 58 AGRICULTURAL WOODWORKING 59 TRAP NEST Material Required. Lumber — 2 pieces white pine, cypress, fir or redwood I"xl0"xl4' 0" 1 piece white pine, cypress, fir or redwood f"xll"x24" Hardware — 1 piece iron 5"x5"x6" 1 iron rod j"x30" 5 lb. 6d common nails § lb. 8d common nails 4 round head blued wood screws f " No. 7 for angle irons 2 round head blued wood screws Ij" No. 10 for triggers Pieces 2 2 1 1 6 2 2 1 4 2 2 Directions. 1. Reduce all pieces to finished dimensions. 2. Fasten the ends and partition to the floor by driving three 8d common nails through the floor into each board. 3. Nail the front in place using two 6d common nails at each joint. 4. Fasten the sills to the bottom with four 8d nails for each sill. The nails should be driven through the floor and into the ends. 5. Use two 6d nails to fasten the step. The nails may be placed at a slant so as not to come through and require clinching. 6. Nail the back boards in the same manner as the floor. 7. Nail the top boards in place using two 8d nails at each joint. 8. Fasten the side straps by driving one 6d nail through each top board at the end and two 6d nails into each end board. Place nails which go into the end boards at a slant. 9. Locate points on end boards and partition |" from top and 1" from front and bore I" hole for rod. 10. Drill holes in angle iron and bend as shown in detail drawing and fasten to top of doors with two round head blued wood screws f" No. 7. 11. Make triggers to dimensions shown in detail drawing and place in position shown in side view using Ij" No. 10 round head blued wood screws. 12. Place nails to prevent door from swinging forward. Stock Bill. ished Dimensions Use f"x3"x24i" Sills I"x9f"x26i" Floor i"x4"x26i" Step f"x4"x26i" Front f"x9"xl6" Ends and Partition f"x8"x26i" Back f"xli"xl8|" Side straps |"xU"x26|" Front at top f"x3"x27f" Top |"x8|"xlli" Doors r'xir'x6f" Triggers 60 AGRICULTURAL WOODWORKING 61 Lumber- HIVE SEAT AND TOOL BOX Material Required. — 1 piece white pine 13/16"xl2"x3' 4" 1 piece white pine |"xll"x22" 1 piece white pine i"x6"x6' 0" [ardware- - 6 flat head bright wood screws 1 a i 4 " No. 10 34 flat head bright wood screws 1" No. 8 12 6d finishing nails Stock Bill. 'ieces Finished Dimensions Use 2 f"xll"xl3i" Legs 1 f"xll"xl2" Top 1 i"xll"xlO|" Bottom 2 i"x6"x24" Sides 2 |"x4|"xll" Ends 2 i"x5|"xll" Bottom Directions. 1. Reduce all pieces to finished dimensions. 2. Lay out the opening at the lower end of the legs and remove the stock with rip saw and coping saw. 3. To lay out the opening in the side draw a center line lengthwise and crosswise of the stock, locate points on long centerline I5" from center and swing arcs with li" radius. Draw lines tangent to the arcs. Bore a hole with a bit inside of the circle so that the outside of the hole touches the circle; place a coping saw in the hole and remove the stock. 4. Lay out the upper edge at the ends of the side pieces as shown in the drawing and remove the stock with the plane. 5. To lay out the hand opening in the top draw two parallel lines lengthwise of the stock one inch on either side of the center. Draw a centerline across the stock and locate points on parallel lines 21" from the center. 6. Bore 1" holes at points just located and also remove the stock between holes with 1" bit. 7. Finish cutting the opening with f" chisel. 8. Lay out a |" chamfer on both sides of the stock at the edge of the openings. 9. Cut chamfers with chisel. 10. Assemble the parts in the following order: top to legs, sides to legs, bottom at center, ends, bottom at ends. 11. Place screws as indicated in the drawing using If" flat head bright wood screws at the top and 1" No. 8 screws at the other places. 12. Fasten the bottom of the center by driving three 6d finishing nails thru the leg and into the end of the bottom piece. 13. Fasten the inside end of the bottom at end by toenailing. Fig. 32. Hive .Sc; -^ 62 AGRICULTURAL WOODWORKING 63 LADDER Material Required. Lumber — 2 pieces ash or yellow pine 2"x4"xl6' 0" 2 pieces ash or yellow pine |"x2j"xl4' 0" Hardware — 64 flat head bright wood screws 2" No. 12 Stock Bill. Pieces Finished Dimensions Use 2 lf"x3|" at foot and 2^" at top x 16' 0" Stringers 16 |"x2j" X length of various rungs Rungs Directions. 1. Taper the stringers to 2^" at the upper ends, using one stringer as a straight edge for laying out the taper on the other. 2. Place stringers on the floor or bench in the position which they are to assume when assembled, place lower rung in position and set the T-bevel for laying out the gains for the rungs. 3. Lay out and cut gains f" deep and as wide as the rungs 11§" apart. Several saw kerfs at each joint makes it easier to remove the stock than if only two were used, one at each edge of the gain. 4. Cut rungs to length. 5. Bore and countersink holes for two 2" No. 12 screws at each joint and fasten rungs in place. The holes should be countersunk deep enough so that the heads of the screws will be slightly below the surface of the wood. FRUIT LADDER Material Required. Lumber — 2 pieces ash or yellow pine 2"x4"xl4' 0" 1 piece ash or yellow pine 2"x25"x2' 4" 1 piece ash or yellow pine |"x2|"x3' 4" 2 pieces ash or yellow pine |"x2j"x8' 0" 1 piece ash or yellow pine |"x2"x3' 0" Hardware — 44 flat head bright wood screws 2" No. 12 3, i" carriage bolts, 1— 5i", 1— 5f ", 1— 6J" Stock Bill. Pieces Finished Dimensions Use 2 l|"x3f" at foot and 2 J" at top x 14' 0" Stringers 1 If"x2i"x2' 4" Top 1 i"x2i"x3' 4" Bottom Rung 7 |"x2J" X length of various middle rungs Middle Rungs 3 |"x2" X length of 3 top rungs Top rungs Directions. 1. Taper the stringers to 2^" at the upper ends. 2. Draw a line around top piece 12" from bottom end and from this line lay out a taper so that upper end of stock will be 1" thick x 2" wide. 3. Place the stringers on the floor or bench in the position which they are to assume when finished and lay out the bevel at the inside of the upper ends so as to fit snugly against the top. Remove the stock with a rip saw. 4. Place the bottom rung in position and set the T-bevel for laying out the gains in top of stringers. 5. Mark positions for gains in top of stringers and cut gains f " deep and as wide as the rungs. 6. Place top in position and bore three J" holes in position shown in drawing and bolt top in place. 7. Cut bottom rung to length and fasten with two 2" No. 12 screws at each end. 8. Cut all other rungs to length and fasten same as bottom rung. 64 Stock Bill. Finished Dimensions 13/16"x9"xl2" Ends i"x5|"x2' 7" Bottom i"x6|"x2' 7" Sides \\" round x 2' 4|" Handle Directions. AGRICULTURAL WOODWORKING 65 CARPENTER'S TOOL BOX Material Required. Lumber — 1 piece white pine or poplar I"x9"x24" 1 piece white pine or poplar ^"x7"x5' 2" 1 piece white pine or poplar |"x6"x2' 7" 1 piece ash, maple or oak 1|" round x 2' 6" Hardware — 2 flat head bright wood screws 2" No. 14 30 8d finishing nails Pieces Finished Dimensions Use 2 1 2 1 1. Reduce all pieces to finished dimensions. 2. Draw a centerline lengthwise of both end pieces. 3. On centerline just drawn swing an arc with a l\" radius, 1|" from upper end. 4. Draw lines across both edges 6" from end and connect points with lines drawn tangent to arc. 5. Draw two lines across lower end 2|" from center and connect points with lines on edge of stock. 6. Remove stock to line with saw and plane, rounding the upper end with chisel. 7. At a point on centerhne \\" from upper end bore a l\" hole \" deep on one side of each end piece for end of handle. 8. Bevel both edges of the bottom and the lower edge of both sides at the same angle as has been established at bottom and side of end pieces. 9. Round the upper edges of sides and ends of side pieces as indicated in the drawing. 10. Bore a \" hole through each end piece at same point as 1|" hole and countersink hole on outside for head of screw. 11. Place handle in position, bore a hole in each end for screw and place screws. 12. Fasten bottom to ends using three 8d finishing nails at each end. 13. Fasten sides by using three nails at each end and six at the bottom. 66 AGRICULTURAL WOODWORKING 67 TWO-MAN WEIGHT CARRIER Material Required. Lumber — 1 piece of oak, maple, birch or other hard wood, 2"x8"x8' 0' 1 piece of ^" maple doweling 34" long Pieces 2 4 Stock Bill. Finished Dimensions If "x4"x4' 0" If"x2i"x24" Use Arms Cross pieces Fig. 33. Two-Man Weight Carrier. Directions. 1. Reduce all pieces to finished dimensions. 2. To lay out handle draw a line across edge of arm 12" from end and from this line draw a 45° line on both sides of stock to meet line drawn length- wise of stock If" from the upper edge. Remove the stock to line with a rip saw. 3. Lay out an octagon on end of arm using the method shown in detail drawing and remove the stock for chamfers with chisel, mallet and drawknife. The handles may be rounded by removing edges with plane and chisel if so desired. 4. Lay out mortises on both sides of arms for tenons at ends of cross pieces, mortises to be l"x2|" with top of mortise 1|" from upper edge of arms, mortises to be spaced as shown in top view. 5. Draw a centerline lengthwise of mortises and remove stock with a 1" bit, chisel and mallet. 6. Lay out and cut tenons at ends of cross pieces to measurements shown in detail drawing and cut a |" chamfer at end of tenon. 7. Assemble the carrier, draw joints up tight and bore ^" holes for dowels through arms and center of tenons. 8. Place dowels in position. 68 AGRICULTURAL WOODWORKING 69 SAW HORSE Material Required. Lumber — 1 piece white or yellow pine If"x6"x3' 0" 1 piece white or yellow pine 13/16"x4"x8' 0" 1 piece white or yellow pine 13/16"x6"x20" Hardware — 24 flat head bright wood screws If" No. 10 Stock Bill. Pieces Finished Dimensions 1 If'xSr'xB' 0" 4 13/16"x3f"x25i" 2 13/16"x5|"xl0" Use Top Legs Braces Fig. 34. Saw Horse in Use. Directions. 1. Reduce all pieces to finished dimensions. 2. Lay out the bevels at the ends of the legs with the T-bevel and re- move stock to line with saw. 3. Bevel the edges of the legs at the angle shown in the detail drawing. 4. Lay out and cut openings in the top for the legs ^" deep at the top with the T-bevel set at the same angle as for the ends of the legs. 5. Lay out and cut the bevels at the ends of the braces. 6. Bevel the edges of the braces so that they fit tightly against the top. 7. Assemble the parts by placing the screws as indicated in the drawing. 70 AGRICULTURAL WOODWORKING 71 LAWN OR PORCH SEAT Material Required. Lumber — 1 piece basswood or white pine 13/16"x8"x8' 0' 1 piece basswood or white pine |"xl0"xl4' 0" Hardware — 30 round head blued screws 1|" No. 9 46 flat head bright wood screws Ij" No. 8 Stock Bill. Pieces Finished Dimensions Use 2 13/16"x2|" tapered to U" xl9" Back Legs 2 13/16"x2i" tapered to 1|" xl9" Front Legs 2 13/16"x4"xl9" Seat Supports 2 13/16"x2"x2' 8" Back 2 i"x2"x36r' Braces 23 i"xl"x3' 6" Seat and Back Strips Directions. 1. Reduce all pieces to finished dimensions. 2. Taper the legs from 2h" at the upper ends to 1^' at the lower ends and remove stock to line with the plane. 3. Lay out the bevel cut for the ends and remove stock with the saw. 4. Lay out the curve for the seat supports and the upper end of the back freehand and remove the stock with the drawknife. 5. Place the back legs on the bench in the position which they are to assume when the bench is assembled and mark the openings for the braces by placing them in the position indicated in the drawing. Also mark the pieces for the half lap joint where they ^ cross each other. In making the gains make saw kerfs about I" apart mm " to the depth of the opening and iH^ ^^•<*'-'" -^.v^/ remove the stock with a wide chisel. 6. Assemble the seat in the fol- lowing order: seat supports to back, front legs to seat supports, back legs to seat supports, braces, then seat and back strips. Five 1|" No. 9 round head blued screws should be used at each joint of legs and back; one flat head bright wood screw Ij" No. 8 at each end of the braces and strips. Fig. So. Lawu or Puroh Seat. 72 AGRICULTURAL WOODWORKING 73 DAILY MILK RECORD SHEET CASE The ordinary way of keeping a milk record sheet is that of tacking it to a wall in the barn and making the record at milking time. The result is a soiled sheet which must be recopied before it can be put on file. The purpose of the daily milk record sheet case is to provide a place for keeping the record sheet clean as the record is made and hence dispensing with recopying for a permanent record and also to reduce the possibiUty of error to a minimum. Material Required. Lumber — 1 piece of any soft wood I"x8"xl8" 1 piece of any soft wood |"x6"x4' 0" 1 piece of any soft wood |"x7"x3' 0" Hardware— 1 piece tin, IC, 17i"xl6i" 1 J" rod 20" long 6 i" washers 2 i"nuts 1 I" thumb nut 3 8d finishing nails 42 4d finishing nails 24 I" No. 17 lining nails 9 thumb tacks Stock Bill. Pieces Finished Dimensions Use 3 f"x5|" diameter Cyhnder 1 i"x7"xl7f" Bottom 2 |"x5|"x6" Ends 2 ^"x5r'xl7f" Sides 2 |"x3 3/16"xl7f" Top 1 f"xl"xl6|" Brace Directions. 1. With band saw, turning saw or coping saw, saw out the Sf" cyhnders. 2. Reduce all other pieces to dimensions. 3. Bore j" holes through center of cylinders. 4. Lay out opening for brace in cyhnders |" deep and 1" wide and remove stock with handy saw and coping saw. 5. Thread 2f" of one end of the rod and bend 1" of opposite end at a right angle. 6. Place ends of box, washers, nuts and cyhnders on rods as indicated in the drawing. 7. Bend J" of one of the 16i" edges of the tin as shown in the detail drawing, clamp tin at X with the brace and fasten brace in position with one 8d finishing nail in each cyhnder. 8. Fasten tin to cylinders with lining nails spaced about 3" apart and nail end of tin to brace. 9. Nail sides of box to ends, using three 4d finishing nails at each joint. 10. Nail bottom of box to sides and ends. 11. Lay out a 2" bevel on top pieces as indicated in end view of drawing and remove stock with plane. 12. Nail top pieces in place. 13.- Fasten one end of daily record sheet to brace with three thumb tacks, loosen the thumb nut and with other end of rod as a crank turn cyhnder one revolution and fasten other end of sheet with two thumb tacks, lock cyhnder in place with thumb nut. 14. Write the names of cows on a sheet of paper similar to the headings on the record sheet and fasten in position indicated in the drawing with two thumb tacks. A piece of scrap paper should be fastened to the top at front with two thumb tacks so as to keep the top of box clean. 74 AGRICULTURAL WOODWORKING rfIL K a^CORD FOR r^OA/TH Of /3 - - 1 1^ 1 1 1 1 1 8 1 ■1 j ■| I =5 •1 ■5 1 ^ \ 1 1 \ 1 1 ■a \ 1 1^1 1 ^V^ ^ ^ ^l^ ^ Ih^ Lh^ /./!,■) Lf}^ /As l^k^ Ui l.6i 16.^ I6i /.6i /As itii i.^^ /As Ids tbi its Idi Iti ^ds^ Ldi id^ IA5 l4>,-i i-ds^ii ^ds /« i.es 1 ^M pn s ^ n Pn 3 <9n i Rn -^ p •*- 4 rf/7 prr \ S /irr -1^ ppi \ 6 /^fi ' prr 7 An 1 PM 1 e fin pn 9 fin PM ID i^n pn // fin ■ pn 12 AM pn 13 fin > Pn > 14 /tn pn /5 fin PM /6 fin 1 pn /7 fin 1 pn i /e fin pn 1 /9 fin pn ao fin pn 2/ fin pn 32 fin pn 33 fin pn S4 f\n pn as nn pn ^6 fin pn 27 fin pn ze fir/ pn S9 fin pn 3o fin pn 31 fin pn ' TOmL - /« ^ f" ^ "S Form for Daily Milk Record Sheet. T n ^rU- -^ 1 V o o l\ 1 V - -.0/-^ i^&' ^^m: ff ■v/,1 kvvj yyyj tJsM i^y-^i t fc:^^^^ 94 AGRICULTURAL WOODWORKING 95 ROUGHAGE FEED RACK FOR SWINE Material Required. Lumber — 1 piece 2"xl2"xl2' 0" any kind of lumber 3 pieces 2"x4"xl2' 0" any kind of lumber 1 piece 13/16"xl0"xl2' 0" any kind of lumber 9 pieces 13/16"x3"xl2' 0" any kind of lumber Hardware- — 16 16d common nails 44 lOd common nails f lb. 6d common nails Stock Bill. Pieces Finished Dimensions Use 2 2"xl2"x3' 0" Ends 2 2"xl2"x2' 9" Ends 4 2"x4"x4' 0" End uprights 4 2"x4"x5' 4" Horizontal frame 2 13/16"xl0"x5' 8" Trough 26 13/16"x3"x3' 1" Side upright slats 2 13/16"x3"x24" End slats 2 13/16"x3"x22i" End slats 2 13/16"x3"x21" End slats 2 13/16"x3"xl9i" End slats 2 13/16"x3"xl8" End slats Directions. 1. Cut all pieces to finished dimensions. 2. Assemble the frame by fastening the horizontal 2"x4" pieces in place. Drive two 16d common nails through the end uprights in each end of the horizontal pieces. 3. Bevel the end pieces to the dimensions shown in the drawing and fasten them to the uprights with lOd nails. The 2"x4" pieces should be placed so that their outside edges will be 10" apart at the bottom and 24" apart at the top. The nails may be driven from the inside. 4. Lay out and cut the bevels at the ends of the end slats and fasten in place with two 6d common nails at each joint. 5. Fasten the side slats in place using two 6d common nails at each joint. 6. Place the two pieces for the trough so that the lower edge is 7" and the upper edge 2" from the end of the end piece and fasten with three lOd nails through the end plank into each end. ,o .& T)' I I >5 ■5 ct JbJ- l>4 -.o.e- M ^ s;] I 96 AGRICULTURAL WOODWORKING 97 ROUGHAGE FEED RACK FOR CATTLE Stock Bill. Pieces Finished Dimensions Use 4 6" D X 6' 0" Corner posts 6 6" D X 19' 0" Side beams 6 6" D X 6' 0" End beams 2 4" D X 17" Braces 28 2" D X 3' 4" Partitions 4 I"x8"x9' 6" Side boards 2 I"x8"x5' 0" End boards 24 f "x6" dowels Mortise and tenon joints Directions. Rough poles are to be used in the construction of this rack and the diameter of the main pieces may be slightly over or below 6" and yet do just as well. A piece may naturally be tapering from 6" at the large end to 4^" or 5" at the small end and yet be just as good. 1. Cut all pieces to dimensions called for in stock bill. 2. Lay out and bore 2"x4" mortises in corner posts at places indicated in the drawing. 3. Cut a 2"x4" tenon at both ends of all beams. 4. Cut a 2"x4" tenon at both ends of the braces. 5. Bore 2" holes 2" deep and 18" apart in lower edge of top beams and upper edge of middle beams. 6. Assemble the rack in the following order: (a) partitions to beams; (b) braces between beams; (c) side beams to corner posts; (d) end beams to corner posts; (e) boards. The corner posts and beams should be snugly drawn together while the \" hole is being bored for the dowel. The side boards may be nailed to the inside edge of the corner posts and braces. A piece of 2"x4" may be nailed to the corner posts between the middle and bottom stringer and the end boards nailed to it. ^ I -:P.^\ ¥ 98 AGRICULTURAL WOODWORKING 99 HAY RACK Material Required. Lumber— 2 pieces 2"x8"xl6'^0" yellow pine 2 pieces 2"x8"xl4' 0" yellow pine 6 pieces 2"x4"xl2' 0" yellow pine 1 piece 2"x4"x6' 0" yellow pine 1 piece 2"x6"x8' 0" yellow pine 12 pieces I"x6"xl6' 0" yellow pine 1 piece I"x6"x3' 0" yellow pine Hardware— 8 10" hay rack clamps 16 carriage bolts |"x5" inside boards on arms 8 carriage bolts f "x4^" outside board on arms 12 carriage bolts |"x4" plates to stringers 8 carriage bolts i"x4" front and rear standards 2 carriage bolts |"x3|" front standard at bottom 4 carriage bolts |"x6" standards at bottom 2 carriage bolts f "x4" cross brace front standard 48 lOd common nails for bottom Stock Bill. Pieces Finished Dimensions Use 2 If "x8"xl6' 0" Stringers 4 If "x8"x3' 6" Cross rests 5 I"x6"xl6' 0" Floor 1 I"x4i"xl6' 0" Floor 4 If"x6"xl2" Plates 4 If"x6"x9" Plates 8 If "x3f "x5' 8" Arms 6 |"x6"xl6' 0" Top boards 2 If "x3f "x5' 2" Rear standard 2 If "x3f "x20" Bottom front standard 2 If "x3f "x6' 0" Front standard 1 |"x3"x2' 7" Brace at front standard 1 |"x3"x23" Brace at front standard 1 |"x3"xl8" Brace at front standard 1 |"x3"xl5" Brace at front standard 1 If "x3f "x2' 8" Brace rear standard -d^h- I I I 100 AGRICULTURAL WOODWORKING 101 KING ROAD DRAG Material Required. Lumber — 1 piece white oak or ash 4"x9"x8' 0" front 1 piece white oak or ash 2"xl0|"x8' 0" back 2 pieces white oak or ash 2"x4"x8' 0" platform rests 1 piece white oak or ash 2"x4"xl2' 0" for cross bars 3 pieces pine I"xl0"x8' 0" platform Hardware — 5 machine bolts ^"xlO" for front 5 machine bolts |"x8" for rear 11 carriage bolts f"x4|" for iron plate 6 lag screws f "x3" for top iron straps 30 flat head bright wood screws 2" No. 12 for platform 2 pieces iron j"xl^"x2' 0" for rub irons 1 piece iron f "x2"x8' 0" Fig. 40. King Road Drag in Use. 102 AGRICULTURAL WOODWORKING 103 GRAIN BED Material Required. amber — (Poplar) Pieces Finished Dimensions Use 4 I|"x4"x4' 0" Cross sills 7 I"x4"xl3' 8" Floor 2 I"x5"xl3' 8" Floor 4 I"x8i"xl2' 0" Lower side boards 2 I"xl3"xl2' 0" Upper floor 2 I|"x2"xl2' 0" Upper side pieces 2 l"xll"xl2' 0" Upper side boards 8 I|"x2f"xl2" Stakes 4 I"x8r'x3' 0" End gates 2 I"x7|"x5' 4" Rear end gate 1 I"x8"x5' 4" Front end gate 1 I"xl3"x3' 0" Seat bottom 1 I"x7"x3' 4" Seat back 2 l"x4"xl' 5" Seat ends 4 If"x2"x8" Seat supports and spring rests 1 I"xl2"x2' 3" Foot platform 1 I"x6"x2' 3" Foot board 2 If"x3"x2' 1" Cleats for front end gate 2 If"x3"x2' 7" Cleats for rear end gate 8 l"x2"xl' 6" Side cleats for end gates 8 I"x2"xl3" Side cleats for end gates 4 I"x2"x7" Side cleats for front end gate 4 l"x2"xll" Side cleats for rear end gate 2 I"x2"xl3" Support for foot platform Hardware- -2 braces for front sill 1 > As shown in detail drawings 6 braces for rear and middle sills 6 strap bolts for rear and middle silh 2 angle irons for footboard 2 angle irons for under seat 2 hinges for seat 2 braces for foot board 2 wagon box rods |"x5' 7" 4 rectangular washers for wagon box rod 2 seat springs 8 stake irons U"x2|"x2f" 1 lb. 21" No. 9 barred car nails, for floor 1 gross flat head bright wood screws If" No. 8 16 round head blued screws f " No. 7 for rod washers 2 carriage bolts f "x5" front brace at top 6 carriage bolts |"x4f" rear and middle braces at top 8 carriage bolts f "x3" all braces at bottom 2 carriage bolts |"x3j" footboard brace at bottom 2 carriage bolts f "x3" footboard brace at top 2 carriage bolts |"x2" footboard brace at top 2 carriage bolts |"x3" angle under footboard 2 carriage bolts ^"xS^" angle under footboard 4 carriage bolts |"x4" hinge for seat 2 carriage bolts ^"xZY' hinge for seat 104 ^ ^ ^ s: ^>o' V > ID 'i- 1- "u ij. -'.A*.0*'.» ■4 •*.0**.^4^.« — .0 -^- I .-^: 107 I i^v ^-ff- n-E 4— EE- -10=^ I I I ^ 108 I >3 3! >u ^. ■o Vi vj U ^ ij" V. 5 ^ o 1^ .S 1). ^ <\1 «o » m T ^ --.?/-* -.«'-♦ r ' 1 fW 5 [*^ 1 1 109 "XS ^ ^ cv ^ "b ■a ^ K ' V 'n "^ > N ^ ji ">o ">»■ ^ N H tF-^ ("P— ^ =t±j=inf M&M M M R-PT j~r -.ff--, H— E- 4- ^^ c-^ ^ 110 AGRICULTURAL WOODWORKING 111 SILO FORM Material Required for a 12-ft. Form. Lumber— 8 pieces soft wood 2"xl0"xl0' 0" for ribs 1 piece soft wood 2"xl0"x8' 0" for splices at joints 3 pieces soft wood 2"x6"xl0' 0" for splices at joints and uprights for door 3 pieces soft wood 2"x4"xl4' 0" for studs 1 piece soft wood 2"x2"xl0' 0" for door 1 piece soft wood 3"x4"x7' 0" for wedges 8 pieces soft wood 2"x4"xl8' 0" for posts for elevating the form 150 ft. 4"xl2' 0" soft pine matched and dressed flooring for outside of inside form, and spacing blocks Hardware — 2 sheets No. 20 galvanized iron 36"x2r 5" for outside form 12 pieces soft steel j"xlj"x6" for lugs 24 iron rivets i"x|" for fastening lugs 6 machine bolts ^"xlO" threaded to the head for drawing outside form together 64 machine bolts ^"x4^" with two washers each for splices at joints 64 20d spikes for fastening studs to ribs. 2 heavy T hinges for door 5 lbs. 8d common nails for nailing flooring to ribs Fig. 41. Silo Form Completed. 112 AGRICULTURAL WOODWORKING 113 FARM BUILDINGS The drawings of farm buildings on the following pages are only suggestive and it is ex- pected that local conditions such as size of farm, type of farming and topography of the land at the farmstead will warrant changes. If however, any one who is building, will glean a suggestion from them on how to make the buildings handy and as a result the farming easier, it is thought that the plans will have served a useful purpose. It may be stated that the plans in their arrangement and type of construction are such as are advocated by the better agriculturists. The open front poultry house appears to be gaining in favor as it conserves the vitality of the fowl and consequently produces more vigorous chicks the following spring. The hog house has these particularly commendable features: it is handy in arrange- ment; it has a ventilating system and admits sunlight in each individual pen. Brood sows do so much better in rearing a litter of pigs in a portable house than in a big house where there are other hogs, even though they are in a pen by theinselves, that the portable house is being used extensively. The A type of house is most generally used be- cause of its simplicity and ease of construction. The corn crib built as called for in the drawing serves a double purpose: a storage place for corn and a place between the two cribs for storing wagons, buggies or implements. The implement shed should have a floor. The type of shed shown appears to be the most satisfactory. The entire front is a set of doors which roll by one another as shown in the detail drawing, making it handy to get machines in and out of any part of the shed. It has the advantage over the open front shed in that it keeps the fowl out and prevents the rain and snow from blowing in. The floor plan of the small combination horse and dairy barn is only suggestive of an arrangement of the floor of a barn for a small dairy farm. The average farmer wishes his horses and cows in the same building so as to save time and steps in doing the chores. With the horse and cow barn separated by a partition and the milk house outside of the barn there is little danger of the milk becoming contaminated. Modern barn construction calls for plenty of light. Thirty-two windows 2' 6"x3' 6", out- side dimensions, furnishes approximately one square foot of window to twelve square feet of floor space. The Kind system of ventilation is advocated. Twelve fresh air inlets and four foul air flues are provided which should keep the air in the barn dry and pure. The engine room is separated from the milk house by a wall which keeps the oily odor of the engine from the milk. The alley between the barn and milk house is housed in so that one need not go outside in going from the barn to the milk house. On the second floor two driveways are provided which makes it easier for unloading hay and grain and provides a place for two loads in case of rain or at the end of a day. The granary should be housed in with a ceiUng not less than nine feet high. Windows should be provided in the side and end of the barn for hghting the granary and alley. Double-hinged swinging doors are placed at each drive- way. If sixteen instead of twelve foot posts are used, the roof will be high enough to permit the use of rolling doors which are usually preferred. Rolling doors may be used on the barn built to the dimensions called for in the drawing if they are hung so as to roll past each other. In this arrangement only one driveway can be open at a time. A retaining wall should be built not less than tv/elve feet from the barn and the span from the wall to the driveway bridged. By use of the bridge the light is not shut off from the stable as it would be if the approach were filled in against the barn. I 114 115 116 AGRICULTURAL WOODWORKING COLONY POULTRY HOUSE Material Required. Lumber— 2 pieces 4"x4"xl4' 0" Skids 2 pieces 4"x4"x8' 0" Cross ties 7 pieces 2"x4"x8' 0" Joists 1 piece 2"x4"xl2' 0" Studding 4 pieces 2"x4"xl4' 0" Studding 2 pieces 2"x4"xl0' 0" Studding 1 piece 2"x4"xl2' 0" Girts 7 pieces 2"x4"xl0' 0" Rafters 4 pieces 2"x4"xr2' 0" Plates and sole pieces 2 pieces 2"x4"x8' 0" Sole pieces 27 pieces I"x3i"xl2' 0" Floor 25 pieces 6"xl2' 0" Drop siding front and back 32 p'eces 6"x8' 0" Drop siding ends and back 13 pieces I"x8"xl4' 0" Roof boards 2 pieces I"x6"xl4' 0" Fascia 2 pieces I"x6"xl0' 0" Fascia 2 pieces I"xl0"xl4' 0" Plancher 2 pieces I"xl0"xl0' 0" Plancher 1 piece 2"x6"x8' 0" Window sills 2 pieces r'x4"xl0' 0" AVindow frames 2 pieces I"x4"xl0' 0" Window casing 2 pieces I"x4"xl0' 0" Door casing 4 pieces I"x4"x8' 0" Corner boards 2 pieces I"x4"xl2' 0" Corner boards 1 piece I"x4"xl0' 0" Door 5 pieces 3j"xl4' 0" flooring — Door 2 windows 10"xl2"— 6 light Ij rolls of prepared roofing or 6 bundles shingles. Hardware — 1 cjuart priming paint 1 quart finishing paint 4 carriage bolts ^"xGl" with washers 2-6" heavy strap hinges 4 butt hinges 2|"x2|" for windows at top 3 screen door hooks with screw eyes 1-6" hasp and staple 1 padlock 10 lbs. 8d common nails 2 lbs. 20(1 common nails 117 I ym I I I I II I I XT I I I 1 I I lA -£?-f/ J'!i|!||!|| J- ^P' ^L-n_| r ■-■', l| . 11 ii ; ■- n '' ■X. 118 119 >5 i 120 I 121 I t i 5 122 II § I 123 I a o s to E I ^ ^ ^ 124 I I 125 PQ 3 o O O d o -O S o O 126 II i i ! /PM c/^'/-/ P'/g rij S^ Q <§; © © Q © f^ { 127 128 AGRICULTURAL WOODWORKING BELT LACING, KNOTS, HITCHES AND SPLICES Of the many good ways of lacing a belt, only two standard methods are here illustrated. It is believed that if one can lace a belt well, using either of these methods he will be able to do such lacing as is usually necessary for transmitting power in farm machinery. Scarcely a day passes on the farm that there is not a call for a knowledge of the more common knots, hitches and splices. The life and use of a rope is greatly enhanced by a know- ledge of how to use, care for and repair it. Frequently a hay rope breaks and if the farmer knows how to make the long splice, it may save a trip to town, considerable time and per- haps a few loads of hay. Only the more useful knots, hitches and splices are shown. It is believed that if a country boy can make the long and short splice, properly crown the end of a rope and make the knots and hitches illustrated, he will be equipped for manipulating rope for all practical farm purposes. A^/>Ar£s o/^ P^ffTs o/^ /Po/^e £ni^. 5/MPL£ OR Ot/e/?H/)A/D ^fl/or. F/6U/?£ E/6/iTH/^OT Srei^EOORe Ka/ot. Plato 1. 3QUARe Knot. 5nE£T Bend. Carrich Bend- B^ANNr H/vor. Plate 2 Sl/p/Ovot. A/A/vae/f Knot. Bowl /Ne Kno t, Te/^Ms TE/?3 /C/vo T. Plate 3 129 DouBLeFifM/sH Loop. DouBte Bo/^/C/voT. 5/i£i:PS/f/>NK. Cats Paw- Plate 4 Halt Hitch TiMge/?H/TcM. Clo^e Hitch. CoMBMeO 7l/^3£/r'/^W /iAi/'H/TC/f. Plate : 130 /?OLUN6 H/ TCH- Bi/tc/fyy/iii H/Tt/i. /?OUND Tb/fN /i/^O /i/)l/= NiTC/i. FiSHe/?MA/^j Bs/iO. Plate 6 RuNNiNS HircH. ^/•^£/?6fA/Cr/(/VOT BoiYUNf O/V TN£ B/6MT. 3l ippe/^r Ree^ K/fOT. Plate 7 131 Ci/cKOLO'5 /Ksr,f : 3c//r&£OAiJs K/vor. SHeerSE/vD tv/TH 7bi>oif. Wmipping. Plate 8 W/)uf