ass. 
 
 ^L^ 
 
 Book .. K;^!r'^ 
 
 HJI-:siiNTI:li UY 
 
THE SHAKESPEARE LIBRARY. 
 GENERAL EDITOR PROFESSOR 
 I. GOLLANCZ, LITT.D. 
 
ROBERT LANEHAM'S LETTER: 
 DESCRIBING A PART OF THE 
 ENTERTAINMENT UNTO QUEEN 
 ELIZABETH AT THE CASTLE OF 
 KENILWORTH IN 1575: edited 
 
 WITH INTRODUCTION BY F. J. FURNIVALL 
 
 NEW YORK 
 
 DUFFIELD & COMPANY 
 
 LONDON: CHATTO & WINDUS 
 
 1907 
 
 kt .1. 
 

 am 
 
 26 Ap '09 
 
CONTENTS. 
 
 > 
 
 FOREWORDS. 
 
 Cause of this edition, Captain Cox 
 (p. ix). 
 
 Sketch of Robert Laneham (p. x). 
 
 Captaia COX and his list of hooks 
 (p. xii). 
 
 Two other Elizabethan lists of books 
 (p. xiv). 
 
 Contrast of Captain Cox's list of books 
 with that in the Complaynt of Scot- 
 land, ab. 1548 A.D. (p. xiv). 
 
 Captaia Cox's books described: — 
 
 1. Stoky-Books. 
 
 I. 
 
 II. 
 III. 
 IV. 
 
 V. 
 VI. 
 
 VII. 
 
 VIII. 
 
 IX. 
 
 X. 
 
 XI. 
 
 XII. 
 
 xin. 
 
 XIV. 
 
 XV. 
 XVI. 
 
 xvn. 
 
 XVIII. 
 
 XIX. 
 XX. 
 
 King Arthurz book (p. 
 
 xv). 
 Huow of Burdeaus (p. 
 
 xvii). 
 The foour sons of Aymon 
 
 (p. xix). 
 Beuys of Hampton (p. 
 
 xxii). 
 The squyre of lo degree 
 
 (p. xxiii). 
 The knight of courtesy, 
 
 and the Lady Faguell 
 
 (p. xxiv). 
 Frederik of Gene (p. 
 
 xxv). 
 Syr Eglamoour (p. 
 
 xxviii). 
 
 Sir Tryamoour (p. xxix). 
 Sir Lamwell (p. xxx). 
 SjT Isenbras (p. xxxiii). 
 Syr Gawyn (p. xxxiv). 
 Olyuer of the Castl (p. 
 
 xxxvii, clxxvii). 
 Lucres and Eurialus (p. 
 
 xxxviii). 
 
 Virgils Ufe (p. xli). 
 The castle of Ladiez (p. 
 
 xliii. Perhaps Christine 
 
 de Pise's Gyte of Ladyes, 
 
 p. clxxvii). 
 The wido Edyth (p. xliii) . 
 The King & the Tanner 
 
 (p. xlvi). 
 Frier Rous (p. xlvii). 
 Howleglas (p. xlviii). 
 
 XXI. Gargantua {not known, p. 
 
 XXII. Roibinhood (p. H). 
 
 XXIII. Adambel, Clim of the 
 
 clough, & "WUliajM of 
 cloudesley (p. liv). 
 
 XXIV. The Churl & the Burd 
 
 (p. Ivi). 
 XXV. The seauen wise Masters 
 (p. Ivii). 
 XXVI. The wife lapt in a Mo- 
 rels skin (p. Ixiv). 
 XXVII. The sak fuU of nuez (p. 
 
 Ixvi). 
 XXVIII. The sergeaunt that be- 
 came a Fryar (p. Ixvi). 
 XXIX. Skogan (p. Ixvii). 
 
 XXX. CoUyn cloout (p. Ixix). 
 XXXI. The Fryar & the boy (p. 
 1 xxiii). 
 XXXII. Elynor Rununing (p. 
 Ixxv). 
 
 XXXIII. Nutbrooun maid (p. 
 
 Ixxvi). 
 
 2. Philosophy and Poetey. 
 
 XXXIV. Sheperdz kalender (p. 
 
 Ixxviii). 
 XXXV. The Ship of Foolz (p. 
 Ixxxv, clxxx ?). 
 XXXVT. Danielz dreamz {no copy 
 
 accessible, p. xcv). 
 XXXVII. The booke of Fortune 
 {not known, p. xcv). 
 XXXVIII. 'Stans puer ad mensani' 
 (p. xcix). 
 XXXIX. The hy wey to the Spitl- 
 house (p. ci). 
 XL. lulian of Brainfords tes- 
 tament (p. ciii. — Re- 
 printed, and sent to the 
 Members of the Ballad 
 Society in 1871.) 
 XLI. The castle of Loue (p. 
 
 cvi). 
 XLII. The booget of Demaunds 
 
 (p. cvii). 
 XLIII. The hundred Mery talez 
 (p. cviii). 
 
VI 
 
 Contents. 
 
 XLIV. The took of Eiddels (p. 
 
 ex). 
 
 XLV. The Seauen sororz of we- 
 
 men (Not known, p. cxiv). 
 
 XLVI. The prooud -wiues Pater 
 
 noster (p. cxiv). 
 
 XLVII. The Chapman of a peni- 
 
 woorth of Wit (p. cxvi) . 
 
 3. Ancient Plays. 
 
 XLVIII. Yooth & charitee (p. 
 cxviii). 
 XLIX. Hikskorner (p. cxix). 
 L. Nugize (p. cxxii). 
 LI. Impacient pouerty {Not 
 known now, p. cxxiv). 
 
 4. Medicine. 
 
 LII. Doctor Boords breuiary 
 of health (p. cxxv). 
 
 5. Ballads, p. cxxvi. 
 
 LIII. Broom hroom on hil (p. 
 
 cxxviii). 
 LIV. So wo (= well) iz me 
 begon,trolylo p. cxxix). 
 LV. Ouer a whinny Meg {Not 
 
 known, p. cxxxi). 
 LVI. Hey ding a ding (p. 
 cxxxi) . 
 LVII. Bony lass vpon a green. 
 LVIII. My bony on gaue me a 
 hek {Neither known, p. 
 cxxxi). 
 LIX. By a bank az I lay (p. 
 cxxxi). 
 
 6. Almanacks, by 
 
 LX. lasper Laet of Antwarp 
 (p. cxxxii). 
 LXI. Nostradam of Frauns (p. 
 cxxxv). 
 LXII. John Securiz of Salsbury 
 (p. cxxxvi). 
 
 Reason for the sketch of Captain 
 Cox's books (p. cxxxvii). 
 
 The Complaynt of Scotland, ab. 1548-9 
 A.D. (p. cxxxvii) 
 
 Its List of 48 Books and short Tales 
 (p. cxxxviii ; a sketch of ' Robert 
 the Deuyll,' p. cxxxviii). 
 
 Its List of 38 sweet Songs (p. cxllx.) 
 with prints of 5 of them : — 
 Pastyme with good companye (by 
 
 Henry VIII) p. cxlix. 
 Still under the levis grene, p. cl. 
 CoUe to me the Rysshys grene 
 
 (English) p. clii. 
 lusty May, with Flora quene, p. 
 
 cliv. 
 Grevus ys my sorowe (English), p. 
 clvi (and an extra English one, 
 ' This day day dawes,' p. clix). 
 Its List of 30 Dances and Dance-tunes 
 
 (p. clx). 
 Robert Coplande's description of 
 ' Base Dances,' notes to p. clx- 
 clxii. 
 Ballads supprest in Scotland (p. 
 clxvii). 
 
 The two versions of the Ballad of 
 Balow from Pinkerton's or Mr. 
 David Laiag's 4to MS. (p. clxx). 
 
 Conclusion (p. clxxiii). 
 
 Postscrii^t : Mr. Knowles on Eliza- 
 beth's arrival at Kenilworth (p. 
 clxxiv) . 
 
 Notes to Forewords (p. clxxvi). 
 
 "The Cyte of Ladyes" (p. clxxvii). 
 
 " Come over the bume, Besse," a 
 moralized ballad (p. clxxxi). 
 
 Eantljam's ILctter, a.d. 1575. 
 
 Kenilworth Castle described (p. 1). 
 
 Its history, with that of Marchland 
 or Mercia (p. 3). 
 
 The Derivation of its ISTame (p. 4). 
 
 Saturday, July 9. — Queen Elizabeth's 
 arrival and reception (p. 5) 
 the Porter and his Speech (p 
 5) ; the Trumpeters (p. 6) 
 the Lady of the Lake (p. 6) 
 the fair Bridge (p. 8) ; the 
 Seven Pairs of Posts, with Gifts 
 of Gods and Goddesses (p. 8) ; 
 the Inscription over the Castle- 
 Gate (p. 10), and the Poet to 
 read it (p. 10) ; the Guns and 
 Fireworks (p. 12). 
 
 Sunday, July \Q. — ^Service at Chui'ch; 
 Danciag; Fireworks (p. 12). 
 
Contents. 
 
 Vll 
 
 Monday, July 11. — The Hunting of 
 the Hart (p. 13) ; the Savage 
 Man, and Echo (p. 14) ; the 
 Queen's horse frightened (p. 15). 
 
 Tmsday, July 12. — Music and Danc- 
 ing, Music on the water (p. 16). 
 
 Wednesday, July 13. — Hunting of the 
 Hart again (p. 16). 
 
 Thursday, July 14. — Bearbaiting (p. 
 16) ; Gunshots and Fireworks 
 (p. 18) ; Tumbling of an Italian 
 acrobat (p. 18). 
 
 Friday, July 15, and Saturday, July 
 16.— Eest at home (p. 20). 
 
 Sunday, July 17. — Service (p. 20) ; 
 a Country Bride-ale, with a pro- 
 cession (p. 20-1), and the Bride- 
 groom (p, 22) ; a Morris-dance 
 (p. 22-3) ; three Bridesmaids (p. 
 23) ; a Cupbearer (p. 23) ; the 
 Bride (p. 24) ; Eunning at the 
 Quintain (p. 24) ; Hock Tuesday 
 by the Coventry men: account 
 of their Play (p. 26) ; Captain 
 COX (p. 28) ; his Story-books, 
 Ballads, and Almanacks, Books 
 of Philosophy and Poetry (p. 29) ; 
 his ale-judging and marching 
 (p. 31) ; the Play— a fight be- 
 tween English and Danes, the 
 latter being led captive by En- 
 glish woiaen, only part acted (p. 
 31) ; the Brideale and dancing 
 not well attended (p. 32) ; an 
 Ambrosial Banquet (p. 32). 
 
 Monday, July 18. — The Third Hunt- 
 ing of the Hart (p. 33) ; Triton 
 on a swimming Mermaid, the 
 freeing of the Lady of the Lake 
 from Sir Bruse sauns pitee, and 
 Arion's song (p. 33) ; five Gen- 
 tlemen knighted, and nine Peo- 
 ple cured of the King's Evil (p. 
 35). 
 
 Tuesday, July 19. — The Coventry 
 Men's Play fully played (p. 36). 
 
 Wednesday, July 20. — Supper at 
 . "WedgenaU, and a Device of God- 
 desses and Nymphs, counter- 
 manded; weather bad; and the 
 Queen stays at the Castle (p. 
 36). 
 
 The Ancient Minstrel, who was to 
 have sung to the Queen, but 
 didn't (p. 36) ; the arms of Isling- 
 ton on his breast (p. 38) ; lus 
 
 solemn song of King Arthur and 
 King Ryens's challenge (p. 41). 
 
 Wednesday, July 27. — The Queen's 
 Departure (p. 43). 
 
 Queen Elizabeth and the Sevens (p. 
 43). 
 
 The gifts of the Gods and Goddesses 
 to the Queen (p. 43). 
 
 The Fates stop work during her 
 stay (p. 46). 
 
 Queen Elizabeth's character (p. 47). 
 
 The JEarl of Leicester : his character 
 (p. 48). 
 
 His Castle of Kenilworth (p. 48). 
 
 His Garden like Paradise (p. 48-53). 
 
 His wondrous Bird-Cage (p. 50), 
 
 His very fair Fountain (p. 52). 
 
 (Digression on Onehood and Threes, 
 but chiefly Twos (p. 53).) _ 
 
 His two Dials always pointing to 
 Two o'clock (p. 54). 
 
 His Great Tent (p. 56). 
 
 The big Wether, and big Child, 
 shown to the Queen (p. 56). 
 
 The Earl of Leicester, his liberality 
 and fame (p. 56-7). 
 
 His kindness to Eobert Laneham 
 (p. 57). 
 
 How Laneham leads his life at Ke- 
 nilworth (p. 58) ; up at 7, bread 
 and ale for breakfast (p. 68) ; 
 attends the Council, is down on 
 priers, talks to foreigners, drives 
 with Master Pinner; in after- 
 noons and a-nights is with Sir 
 George Howard, Lady Sidney, 
 and the Gentlewomen, whenever 
 he can, dancing, playing (p. 59), 
 singing, making eyes and sighs 
 at lilistress (p. 60). 
 
 "Why Laneham is so bookish, or 
 learned (p. 61). 
 
 Laneham' s messages to his Friends 
 (p. 61-2). 
 
 Appendix. Eeport of Henry VIII' s 
 Surveyors on Kenilworth (p. 63). 
 
 Notes, p. 65. 
 
 Sir Philip Leycester's description 
 of Musical Instruments in Eng- 
 land in 1656, p. 65-8. 
 
 A London Dinner in 1569, p. 69. 
 Philip Stubbes on the abomination 
 of rufes in 1583, p. 72-3. 
 
 Index, p. 77. 
 
vur 
 
 PREFATORY NOTE TO THE EDITION OF 1907, 
 
 This edition of Laneham was originally issued for the 
 Ballad Society in 1871, and the Introduction now, naturally 
 enough, requires a few additions and corrections. Since it 
 was written, several of the books or ballads mentioned have 
 been edited or re-edited, and a few discoveries have been 
 made. As the work is now reprinted from stereotype plates, 
 it has been thought best to leave the Introduction as it 
 originally stood and to call attention here to the chief 
 points in which it requires supplementing. 
 
 p. xxiii. The Sqityre of Lo Degree. This has since been elaborately edited 
 by Prof. W. E. Mead ('Albion Series,' Ginn & Co., Boston, 1904). It may 
 be mentioned that The Squire is referred to in The Nuthrown Maid, 1. 260, 
 which was in print c. 1502. 
 
 p. li, ]. 13. Rohin Hood. The printers of the imperfect copy, here stated 
 to be Chepman and Myllar, are now considered doubtful, see Child, Eng. 
 and Scot. Ballads, 1882-98. 
 
 p. Ixv, 1. 11. The Wife Lapt in a Morels Skin. There is a ballad derived 
 from this in Child (1882-98), V. 104, No. 277. 
 
 p. IxxTii, foot. The Nuthrooxm Maid. The MS. is not at University 
 College, but at Corpus, and is the day-book of John Dome, an Oxford book- 
 seller. It was edited in 1885 by Mr. F. Madan for the Oxford Historical Society, 
 See Early English Lyrics, ed. E. K. Chambers and P. Sidgwick, 1907, p. 334. 
 
 p. Ixxviii. The Shepherdz Kalender. The edition of Paris, 1503, has been 
 reproduced in facsimile, with a reprint of Pynson's edition ef 1506 and an 
 introduction and glossary, by Dr. H. Oscar Sommer, London, Kegan Paul 
 &Co., 1892. 
 
 p. Ixxxv, The Ship of Foolz. T. H. Jamieson's edition, mentioned on 
 p. clxxxi as in preparation, appeared in 1874. 
 
 p. xcv. The Booke of Fortune. See a long letter by Mrs. C. C. Stopes in 
 the Athenaeum of May 19, 1900, in which she shows that a work issued in 
 1672 may well have been a reprint of the original 'boke of fortune in folio' 
 entered to "W. Powell on Feb. 6, 1559-60 (cf. p. xcviii). The copy seen by 
 Mrs. Stopes was imperfect, wanting both title-page and conclusion, and was 
 identified by the running-title. It is a work in which Captain Cox would 
 certainly have delighted, and consists of a large collection of brief rimes, 
 many merely couplets, of the most varied character, as, for example, directions 
 
Prefatory Note to the Edition of 1907 viii** 
 
 for the discovery of fortunate days, weather lore, proverbs, warnings of the 
 uncertainty of life, moral reflections, etc. , etc. The rimes are grouped under 
 the headings of 'juries ' of various sects of philosophers and others, as if 
 intended to represent their opinions, though the classification seems in reality 
 to have been entirely haphazard. The first five headings are 'The jury of the 
 Academiks, Graces, Originists, Platonists, Sorbouists.' Two of the rimes 
 quoted by Mrs. Slopes may be given as specimens : 
 
 A mickle truth it is I tell 
 Hereafter thou'st lead Apes in Hell : 
 For she that will not when she may 
 When she will, she shall have nay. 
 XIII. 2. 
 
 If Kite or magpye cross thy way 
 Turn back again, and do not stay ; 
 
 Unless tway crows thou chance to see 
 If so, gang on and happy be. 
 
 LII. 9. 
 
 The numerous extracts given in the letter make it clear that, though evidently 
 revised after the accession of James I, the book originally belonged to a much 
 earlier date. In a supplementary letter in the Athenmum, of Aug. 25, 1900, 
 Mrs. Stopes discussed the relationship between the English book and the 
 Triomfo di Fortuna of Sigismondo Fanti, 1527. 
 
 p. cxviii. Yooth aiid Charitee. Waley's and Copland's texts are printed 
 in full, together with a facsimile of the eight pages of the Lambeth Palace 
 fragment, in an edition of the play in Professor Bang's ' Materialien zur Kunde 
 des alteren Englischen Dramas,' 1905. 
 
 p. cxix. Hikskorner. There were at least three editions of this : see Mr. 
 W. W. Greg's List of Flays, Bibl. Soc, 1900. 
 
 p. cxxv, 1. 5. Impacient Poverty. A copy of this play came to light in Ireland 
 in 1905 and was sold on June 30, 1906, at Sotheby's. It was bought by the 
 British Museum, where its press-mark is now 0. 34. i. 26. It was reprinted 
 by Mr. J. S. Farmer in his Recently recovered ' Lost ' Tudor Plays, and will also 
 shortly be issued in Professor Bang's ' Materialien. ' The title is : " (J A Newe 
 In/terlude of Impacyente pouerte / newlye Imprynted. / M. V. LX. [sw 
 for 1560] / (X Foure men may well and ease/lye playe thys Interlude. / 
 Peace and Coll hassarde and C6/scyence, for one man. / Haboundaunce and 
 mysrule for / another man. / Impaciente pouerte, Prospery-/te, and pouerte, 
 for one man. / Enuye and the sommer for ano/ther man." The colophon 
 is " 5^ Imprinted at London, in Paules / Churche yearde at the Sygue of/ the 
 Swane by lohn Kynge./" 
 
 p. cxxxi. Ouer a whinny, Meg. As evidence that this was still in 1589 
 a well-known ballad, or tune, a mention of it in Ths Protestatyon of Martin 
 Marprelat, printed in that year, sig. Dl', may be quoted. 'Nexte . . . 
 followed a preamble to an Eblitaph vpon the death of olde Andrewe Turne- 
 coate, to be song antiphonically in his graces Chappell, on wednesdayes and 
 Frydayes, to the lamentable tune of Orawhynemeg.' 
 
 p. cxxxi. By a bank as I lay. Printed in Messrs. E. K. Chambers and 
 F. Sidgwick's Early English Lyrics, XXXIII, p. 71, where some further 
 information will be found. 
 
 p. cxlix. Pastance vitht gude companye. The MS. mentioned as belonging 
 to a Mrs. Lamb was purchased by the British Museum in 1882, and is now 
 Addl. MS. 31922. See notes in E. E. Lyrics, u. s., where this poem is printed 
 as No. CXXIII, p. 212. 
 
 p. clii. Cou thou me the raschis grene. The Royal MS. 58 has been 
 printed in Anglia, xii. 
 
 For the Note above I am indebted to Mr. R. B. 
 McKerrow, M.A. 
 
 F. J. F. 
 
IX 
 
 FORBWOEDS. 
 
 When turning from the England of 1303, from Arthurian Leg- 
 ends and the Holy Grail, from Poems on the Virgin and Christ, 
 to the later Ballads of the Percy Folio, I was faced at every turn 
 by Captain COX. * This was in Captain Cos's Library ; this 
 wasn't in Captain Cox's list; Captain Cox didn't mention the 
 other:' nothing could be settled without reference to Captain Cox. 
 Either having forgotten this famous man, or never having heard 
 of him before, when I evidently ought to have known his name as 
 well as Shakspere's, I felt extremely humbled at my ignorance ; I 
 at once looked him out in the British Museum Catalogue, and 
 several Biographical Dictionaries, but could find nothing about 
 him. At last I was obliged to submit to the further humiliation ot 
 asking (with many apologies) a ballad-loving friend, who this Captain 
 Cox was. My friend referred me to Lanehmris Letter; and 
 there the great Captain stood revealed to me. The foremost 
 figure in English Story-book and Ballad history the valiant Co- 
 ventry mason is ; and in so bright a picture of merry outofdoor 
 Elizabethan life is he set in Lanehani' s Letter, that on starting 
 the Ballad Society, I resolved to re-edit the Letter, with Captain 
 Cox's name at the head of it, in order, if possible, to bring him 
 into more prominence. 
 
 Though we must admit that the Captain was not the first per- 
 son in Laneham's mind when he wrote his letter, still, it is for 
 the lists of Captain Cox's story-books and ballads that reference 
 has, in our days, been most frequently made to the tract. Walter 
 Scott's * Kenilworth ' revived interest in it for the last generation, 
 and led to its reprint then ; Mr. George Adler's ' Amye E.obsart 
 and the Earl of Leicester ' has led to its reprint now, since my 
 own was in type. The Eev. E. H. Knowles of Abbey Hill, 
 Kenilworth, has just ready a fresh edition of it, with fine photo- 
 graphs of the ruins of the Castle, etc. Still, the merit of the Letter 
 is great enough to justify its reproduction by any number oi 
 
 b 
 
X Account of Robert Laneham. 
 
 people or societies, each from his or its own point of view, and 
 with comments accordingly. 
 
 The Letter is written by one London mercer, Eobert Lane- 
 ham, to another, Master Humfrey Martin, and describes the visit 
 of Queen Elizabeth to her favourite, and Laneham's patron, the 
 Earl of Leicester, at Kenilworth Castle for nineteen days, from 
 Saturday the 9th to Wednesday the 27th of July, 1575. The 
 castle itself, its grounds and appointments, tte pageants presented 
 before the Queen, as well as an ancient minstrel with a solemn 
 song, prepared for her, but not shown to her (pp. 36-42), are all 
 described by Laneham with great gusto ; but he has unluckily 
 left out the last week of the fun, as he took such slender notes of 
 what went on (p. 43). 
 
 Laneham is a most amusing, self-satisfied, rollicking chap. He 
 tells us his history; that he went to school both at St. Paul's 
 (Colet's school) and St. Anthony's (where Whitgift was), was in 
 the fifth form, got through ^sop's Fables, read Terence, and 
 began Virgil, then served Master Bomsted a Mercer in London, 
 then traded in sundry countries — among others, ' in Erauns and 
 Elaunders long and many a day ' (p. 1) — and so gat languages, 
 which helpt his Latin (p. 61). Leicester took him up, — for his 
 ready tongue and merry ways, no doubt, as well as his knowledge 
 of ' Langagez,' — gave him apparel, even from his own back, got 
 him allowance in the stable, got him made Doorkeeper of the 
 Council Chamber, helpt him in his license to import beans duty 
 free, and let his father 'serve the stable,' — that is, as I suppose, 
 supply it with grain and fodder — so that our worthy says " I go 
 noow in my sylks, that els might ruffl in my cut canves [or poor 
 men's clothes] : I ryde now a hors bak, that els many timez 
 mighte mannage it a foot : am knoen to their honors, & taken 
 foorth with the best, that els might be bidden to stand bak my 
 self" (p. 57). 
 
 Laneham tells us besides how he spent his days at Kenilworth ; 
 and in this account, pages 58-61, the full character of the man 
 comes out in a most amusing way. The reader should turn at 
 once to the passages, and enjoy them : the "jolly & dry a morn- 
 ings," the being "by & by in the bones of" any listener, or 
 prior, the seating his friends, but "let the rest walk, a Grods 
 name "; his airing his languages before the foreigners, being, " in 
 afternoons & a nights , . . alwayez among the Gentlwemen," 
 
Laneham at Kenilworth. His character, xi 
 
 showing off before company, dancing, playing, singing, making 
 
 eyes and sighs at Mistress , whose name he won't tell, being 
 
 able to "gracify the matters az well az the prowdest of them," 
 give us the very man. " Stories I delight in," says he (p. 61) ; 
 Music he loves : " take ye this by the way, that for the sraal skyl 
 in muzik that God hath sent me, (ye kno it iz sumwhat) ile set 
 the more by my self while my name iz Laneham ; and grace a 
 G-od ! A ! muzik is a noble Art !" (p. 35). His patron Leicester 
 was perfection in his eyes (pp. 56-8), and Kenilworth nearly 
 Paradise (p. 48-53). He enjoyed the beautiful country round 
 him (p. 2-3), revelled in all the show and bustle about him, de- 
 lighted in the conceits of the pageants, rejoiced in the stag-hunts 
 (p. 13, 16), thought the bear-baiting fine sport (p. 16-18), threw 
 himself into the rough fun of the country bride-ale and Coventry 
 play (p. 20, 26), quizzed the performers (p. 22-4), took off the 
 old minstrel (p. 40), drank lots of good ale and wine (p. 8, 45), 
 eat to his fill (p. 59) ; and in the best of spirits with everything 
 about him, and especially with himself, the excellent Eobert 
 Laneham, gent., wrote this Letter about the whole affair to his 
 friend Master Martin, one of the jovial set they both belonged to 
 in London. 
 
 No doubt if there'd been a Superfine Eeview in his day, it 
 would have called him a coxcomb, reproved him for his vulgarity, 
 and perchance written an article on his " females," as its present 
 representative has on our workingmen's wives and daughters in 
 their holiday-excursions. For my part, I am content to take 
 Robert Laneham and enjoy him as he is ; and I only wish that 
 twenty others like him had left us such genuine pictures of the 
 country life and sports of Elizabeth's time. As for his writing so 
 much about himself, I only wish my contemporaries would follow 
 his example, and believe that posterity will enjoy what they write, 
 as much as we do like bits in the writings of our predecessors. 
 Let men le themselves in their writings, and let critics, and " un- 
 "unsuited-to-the-dignity-of-print," etcetera, be blowed ! 
 
 But where is Captain Cox all this while ? Well, we're coming 
 to him soon. 
 
 In order to make room for him, I have put an abstract of the 
 amusements of each day of the Queen's visit in the Contents, above. 
 She arrived at Kenilworth Castle on Saturday the 9th of July 
 1575. On her first Sunday, the forenoon was spent in " divine 
 
xii Captain Coss. Object of these Forewords. 
 
 seruis & preaching at the parish church," while in the afternoon — 
 the place not being a People's Park, and there being no Mr. 
 Ayrton to stop the bands playing dance-music, for fear her 
 Majesty's scruples should be offended — " excellent music of sun- 
 flry swet instruments " was played, and " dancing of Lords and 
 Ladiez, and ootlier worshipfull degrees " went on. The second 
 Sunday, July 17, 1575, was St. Kenelm's day, — the saint and king 
 who builti part of the Castle, and after whom it was called ; — and 
 advantage was taken of this anniversary to show the Queen some 
 of the characteristic sports of the country, including especially 
 the old historical Hock-Tuesday play of the men of Coventry — a 
 town so famous for its Mysteries — commemorating the masacre of 
 the Danes on Nov. 13, 1002, or June S, 1042. In this latter. 
 Captain Cox appears. I therefore refer the reader to pages 
 20-26 of Laneham's tract, for a description of the acting of the 
 Bride-ale — with our author's quizzical description of the per- 
 formers, bridegroom, morris-dance, bridesmaids, cupbearer, bride, 
 running at the Quintain, and general shindy following, — and pro- 
 ceed to reprint here the account of Captain Cox, giving a separate 
 half-line and number to each of his tracts, etc. ; then, with the 
 help of Mr. Halliwell, Mr. ITazlitt,^ Mr. Wm. Chappell, etc., I 
 shall comment on the Captain's list of Story-Books and Ballads, 
 describing each, so far as I can, in order to give my readers a view 
 of the literature on which the reading members of the English 
 middle-class in Elizabeth's time were brought up ; and lastly, 1 
 shall contrast Captain Cox's list with that of the books, ballads, and 
 tunes known in Scotland in 1548 to the writer of the Complaynt oj 
 Scotland, adding also a few comments on this latter list, by the 
 help of Ley den, etc. Here then is Captain COX : — 
 
 Captain -^^* aware, keep bak, make room noow, heer they cum ! And fyrst. 
 Cox. captin Cox, an od man I promiz yoo : by profession a Mason, and 
 that right skilfull, very cunning in fens, and hardy az Gawin ; for 
 hiz tonsword hangs at his tablz eend : great ouersight hath he in matters of 
 storie : For, az for 
 
 I. King Arthurz book. 
 II. Huow of Burdeaus. 
 
 III. Thefooursunsof Aymon. 
 
 IV. Beuys of Hampton. 
 
 V. The squyre of lo degree. 
 
 VI. The knight of courtesy, 
 and the Lady Faguell. 
 VII. Frederik of Gene. 
 VIII. Syr Eglamoour. 
 IX. Sir Tryamoour. 
 
 ' That is, is said to have built. 
 
 2 The information as to old editions is nearly all taken from Mr. Hazlitt's 
 Handbook. 
 
Captain Cox's Books, Plays, and Ballads. 
 
 X. 
 
 Sir LamweU. 
 
 
 clough, & William of 
 
 XI. 
 
 SjT Isenbras. 
 
 
 cloudesley. 
 
 XII. 
 
 Syr Gawj'n. 
 
 XXIV. 
 
 The Churl & the Burd. 
 
 XIII. 
 
 Olyuer of the Castl. 
 
 XXV. 
 
 The seauen wise Masters. 
 
 XIV. 
 
 Lucres and Emialus. 
 
 XXVI. 
 
 The wife lapt in a Morels 
 
 XV. 
 
 Virgils life. 
 
 
 skin. 
 
 XVI. 
 
 The castle of Ladiez. 
 
 XXVII. 
 
 The sak full of nuez. 
 
 XVII. 
 
 The wido Edyth. 
 
 XXVIII. 
 
 The seargeaunt that be- 
 
 XVIII. 
 
 The King & the Tanner. 
 
 
 came a Fryar. 
 
 XIX. 
 
 Frier Ecus. 
 
 XXIX. 
 
 Skogan. 
 
 XX. 
 
 Howleglas. 
 
 XXX. 
 
 CoUyn cloout. 
 
 XXI. 
 
 Gargantua. 
 
 XXXI. 
 
 The Fryar & the boy. 
 
 XXII. 
 
 Eobinhood. 
 
 XXXII. 
 
 Elynor Rumming. 
 
 XXIII. 
 
 Adambel, Clim of the 
 
 XXXIII. 
 
 The Nutbrooun maid. 
 
 With many moe then T rehearz heere : I beleeue hee haue them all at hiz 
 fingers endz. 
 
 Then, in Philosophy both morall and naturall, I think he be az naturally 
 ouerseen : beside poetrie and Astronomie, and oother hid sciencez, as I may 
 gesse by the omberty of hiz books : whear-of part az I remember, 
 
 XXXIV. The Sheperdz kalender. 
 XXXV. TheShipofFoolz. 
 XXXVI. Danielz dreamz. 
 XXXVII. The booke of Fortune. 
 XXXVIII. ' Stans puer ad ineiisam.' 
 XXXIX. The hy wey to the Spitl- 
 house. 
 XL. lulian of Brainfords tes- 
 tament. 
 XLI. The castle of Loue. 
 
 Beside hiz auncient playz, 
 
 XLVIII. Yooth & charitee. 
 XLIX. Hikskorner, 
 
 And heerwith, 
 
 XLII. Theboogetof Demaunds. 
 XLIII. The hundred Mery talez. 
 XLIV. The book of Riddels. 
 XLV. The Seauen sororz of 
 
 wemen. 
 XLVI. The prooud wiues Pater 
 
 noster. 
 XLVII. The Chapman of a peni- 
 woorth of Wit. 
 
 L. Nugize. 
 LI. Impacient pouerty. 
 
 LII. Doctor Boords breuiary of health. 
 
 What shoold I rehearz heer, what a bunch of ballets & songs, all auncient : 
 Az 
 
 LIII. Broom broom en hil. 
 LIV. So wo iz me begon, troly 
 lo. 
 LV. Ouer a whinny Meg. 
 LVL Hey ding a ding. 
 
 LVII. Bony lass vpon a green. 
 LVIII. My bony on gaue me a 
 bek. 
 LIX. By a bank az I lay. 
 
 and a himdred more, he hath, fair wrapt vp in Parchment, and bound with a 
 whipcord. 
 
 And az for AUmanaks of antiquitee (a point for Ephemerides) I weene hee 
 can sheaw from (LX) lasper Laet of Antwarp vnto (LXI) Nostradam of 
 Frauns, and thens vnto oour (LXII) John Securiz of Salsbury. To stay ye 
 no longer heerin, I dare say hee hath az fair a library for theez sciencez, & 
 az many goodly monuments both in proze & poetry, & at aftemoonz can talk 
 az much without book, az ony Inholder betwixt Brainford and Bagshot, what 
 degree soeuer he be. 
 
 Beside thiz, in the field a good Marshall at musters : of very great credite 
 & trust in the toun heer, for he haz been choze» AIecu«ner many a yeere, 
 
xiv Other lists of Romances and books. 
 
 when hiz betterz haue stond by : & euer quited himself with such estimation, 
 az yet too the tast of a cup of Nippitate, his iudgment will be taken ahoue the 
 best in the parish, be hiz noze near so read. 
 
 Captain Cox cam marching on valiantly before, cleen trust, & gartered 
 aboue the knee, all fresh in a veluet cap (master Golding ha.d lent it him) 
 floorishing with hiz tonswoord, and anothers fensmaster with him : thus in 
 the foreward making room for the rest. 
 
 Of this happy custom of giving lists of the story-books known 
 to the writer of a later book, we have plenty of early instances in 
 English. The Qursur o Worlde, or Cursor Mundi, many Romances, 
 Eobert of Brunne, Chaucer, Lydgate, and others, practised it 
 before Laneham. The latest list before Laneham that I have 
 seen, is given by Mr. J. P. Collier — with what accuracy I am 
 unable to judge — iu his Bihliographical Account, i. 327, from ' A 
 Briefe and necessary Instruction etc., by E. D., 8vo, 1572 : (I 
 italicize the books that are also in Captain Cox's list :) 
 
 Bevis of Hampton, Guy of Warwicke, Arthur of the round table, Suon of 
 Bordeaux, Oliver of the Castle, the foure sonnes of Amond, the witles devices of 
 Gargantua, Sowleglas, Esop, Itobyn Hoode, Adam Bell, Frier Bushe, the Fooles 
 of Gotham, and a thousand such other. 
 
 Among the 'such other' are mentioned 'tales of Robyn Goodfellow,' 
 ' Songes and Sonets,' ' Pallaces of Pleasure,' ' unchast fables and Tragedies, 
 and such like Sorceries,' ' The Courte of Venus,' ' The Castle of love." 
 
 In passing, we may note the extraordinary omission by Laneham 
 of ' Guy of Warwick ' in Capt. Cox's list, as it is incredible that a 
 Warwickshire collector like the Captain should not have had it. 
 The fact lends colour to the supposition that the list is as much 
 one of Laneham's own books as Capt. Cox's. 
 
 The next list to Laneham's that I know, is given in a book, the 
 first edition of which is dated 1579. In the 2nd edition of this 
 in 1586, The English Oourtier and the Cuxdrey -gentleman, Vincent, 
 the country-gentleman, says how they amuse themselves ' in fowle 
 weather' at dice, cards, and games, and 
 
 " Wee want not also pleasant mad-headed knaues tha\, bee properly learned, 
 and will reade in diuerse pleasant bookes and good Authors : as Sir Guy of 
 Warwicke, the jftMre<S^o««es of Amon, the Ship of Fooles, the Budget of Bemaunds, 
 the Hundreth merry Tales, the Booke of Ryddles, and many other excellent 
 writers both witty and pleasaunt." p. 57, ed. 1868, Roxburghe Library. 
 
 If we turn now to the list of the Scotch writer of the Gomplaynt 
 of Scotland, about 1548 a.d., we at once find a great change. 
 Only two of Captain Cox's stories are in the Scotch list, namely 
 'The Eour Sous of Aymon,' and 'Bevis of Hampton,' though the 
 Complaynt matches Captain Cox's I, Arthurz book, and XII, Sir 
 
The Complaynt list of books. I. King Arthurz book, xv 
 
 Gawyn, by its (23) Arthur story or tale in rime, (19) Gauen and 
 Gollogras, (16) Syr Euan (Y^'ain) and (20) Lancelot du Lac; 
 and Captain Cox's XXII, Eobin Hood, by its (29) Robene Hude 
 and Litil Ihone, and its dance-tune of (91) Eobene Hude. Still, 
 of the Scotchman's 46 stories, at least twelve are known to us as 
 English ones, as will be noted below. Another marked difference 
 between the lists of the two countries is, the very great number 
 of classical or semi-classical stories in the Scotch list, ten, — (11) 
 Hercules and the Hydra, (37) Actseon, (38) Pyramus and Thisbe, 
 (39) Leander and Hero, (40) Jupiter and lo, (41) Jason and the 
 Golden Fleece, (43) The Golden Apple, (44) The 3 Weird Sisters 
 [ParccB or Eates], (45) Daedalus and the Minotaur, (46) Midas 
 and bis ass-ears, — as against Captain Cox's none, for we can 
 hardly call the middle-age necromancer of XV, Virgil's Life, 
 classical, though he may have originated in the poet Virgil. This 
 contrast means, I take it, not that Scotch shepherds or merchants 
 knew more classics, or cared more for them, than our Coventry 
 mason, or Robert Laneham, but that the writer of the Gomplaynt 
 was a far more ' bookish ' man — he's brimful! of classics — than 
 Laneham, our London mercer. 
 
 Let us now take Captain Cox's (or Laneham's) books separately, 
 and describe shortly such of them as are accessible in the British 
 Museum, e^c. 
 
 I. King Arthurz hooJc. This is Sir Thomas Maleore's or Malory's 
 well-known Morte Darthur, or abstract of the several prose French 
 llomances of Merlin, — in its two states, shown by Mr, Henry 
 Huth's unique version^ containing the book of Balin and Balan, and 
 by the ordinary version, of which Mr. H. B. "Wheatley has edited an 
 early English prose translation for the Early English Text Society 
 from the unique MS. in the Cambridge University Library, ab. 
 1440 A.D. — Les Prophecies de Merlin, Lancelot del Lac, Tristan, 
 Queste del Saint-Graal, Morte d' Arthur, etc. Sir T. Maleore 
 finished his work in the 9th year of king Edward the Fourth, a.d. 
 1469, and Caxton printed the first edition of it in 1485, Wynkyn 
 de "Worde reprinted Caxton's edition, with a few variations, — on 
 which see Sir Ed, Strachey's modernized and expurgated edition, 
 for Macmillan's Globe Series in 1868, p. xvi. — in 1498, and again 
 in 1529, Then Wyllyam Copland reprinted it again in 1557, at 
 his predecessor Robert's old shop, at the sign of the Eose Garlande 
 
 * It is still in MS, though, copied for printing. 
 
xvi /. King Arthurz book. 
 
 in rieet Street ; and these are all the editions that we know before 
 Laneham's date. So scarce have these early editions become, 
 that we know of only 2 imperfect copies of the Caxton, (Lord 
 Jersey's has no title ; Lord Spencer's has 11 leaves in facsimile, 
 not from Caxton's edition) ; one imperfect of each of the Wynkyn 
 de Wordes (1498, Lord Spencer ; 1529, Grenville collection in 
 the British Museum). Of the Copland, Mr. Halliwell — seemingly 
 quoting a copy of his own — says that it is entitled " The Hystorye 
 of the moost noble and worthy prynce, Kynge Arthur," while 
 Mr. Hazlitt gives the first words of the title as " The Story of the 
 most noble and worthy Kynge Arthur," and says that copies are 
 in the British Museum (King's books), and the Pepysian Library 
 at Magdalen College, Cambridge (with no title page) and else- 
 where ; and that it's printed in double columns with woodcuts. 
 
 1 do not tell the stories in this book because all my readers 
 must know them well, and must have judged how far Ascham was 
 right in calling the book one ' of bold bawdry,' how far "Wynkyn 
 de Worde^ in saying, " me thinketh this present book called La 
 Morte Barthur is right necessary often to be read ; for in it ye 
 shall find the gracious, kniglitly, and virtuous war of most noble 
 knights of the world, whereby they gat praising continual. 
 Also me seemeth, by the oft reading thereof ye shall greatly 
 desire to accustom yourself in following of those gracious knightly 
 deeds, that is to say, to dread Grod, and to love righteousness, 
 faithfully and courageously to serve your sovereign prince." 
 
 Maleore's and Tennyson's conceptions of Arthur difier widely. 
 Our Victorian poet makes him a sinless king, — a type of Christ, — 
 whose work is marred by the guilt of his wife and his friends. 
 Maleore, on the other hand, makes Arthur what a Norman knight, 
 a Keltic chieftain, would certainly have been, a gratifier of his own 
 lust : he sins, not only with Lienors, — he begat Borres on her (ed. 
 1816, p. 34, bk. i. ch. 15), — but with his own half-sister Margawse, 
 King Lot's wife, and the son of his incest works his father's death. 
 The prophecy of Merlin on Arthur's committing his crime is 
 fulfilled 2 ; and for his own sin the Flower of Kings withers and 
 dies. The Fate is on him from his youth ; and over all his glory 
 hangs ever the dark cloud of unatoned-for sin. 
 
 ^ See Strachey's modernized ed. p. xiv., 488. 
 
 2 " You have done a thing late, wherefore God is displeased with you ; for 
 you have lain hy your sister ; and on her you.have gotten a child that shall 
 destroy you and all the knights of your realm." *' What are you," said king 
 
II. Huon of Burdeaus. xvii 
 
 II. Huon of Burdeaus. This is a translation, by the famous 
 Sir Johan Bourehier, Lord Berners, — whose englishings of Frois- 
 sart's Chronicle and the Eomance of Arthur of Little Britain, are 
 so well known — of 'a long, heavy French Eomance,' says Mr. 
 Halliwell {.Fop. Tracts, p. 6) ; but that is matter of opinion, as Mr, 
 Dunlop speaks of its " singularity and beauty," — see also page xix 
 — and Lord Berners wasn't a fool. The first edition is supposed 
 to have been printed about 1535 by Robert Eedborne, says Hazlitt's 
 Handbook; by Pynson, say Mr, Corser and Messrs. Sotheby. 
 The only copy known was Dr, Bliss's, afterwards Mr. Corser's, 
 at whose sale in 1869, ' wanting title and 2 leaves at end, supposed 
 to be printed by Pynson,' it fetched £81, An edition by Thomas 
 Purfoot in 1601 says that it is 'now the third time imprinted,' 
 The second edition is perhaps that mentioned by Mr, Halliwell at 
 p. 6-7 of his Popular Tracts : " I have recently seen an imperfect 
 copy of an ancient editiou of this translation, printed in folio, in 
 double columns, and illustrated with rude woodcuts, certainly 
 printed before Shakespeare could have commenced writing for the 
 stage, and in all probability not long after the year 1560." The 
 translation was made by Lord Berners at the request of the Earl 
 of Huntingdon, and extracts from it are given in Halliwell's " Illus- 
 trations of Fairy Mythology," Shakesp. Soc. 1845. "Shakespeare 
 probably took the name of Oberon from this old romance." 
 
 The story of it is told in Dunlop's History of Motion, ed. 1846, 
 p. 123, col. 1; and 'the incidents in the Oberon of Wieland' 
 (which Mr. Sotheby translated) ' are nearly the same with those 
 in the old French romance.' 
 
 Charlemagne's son. Chariot, waylays Huon, and is slain by 
 him, Huon can only get pardon by going to the Emir G-audisse 
 of Bagdad, and at table cutting off the head of the bashaw on his 
 right, kissing his daughter 3 times, and bringing a lock of the 
 Emir's white beard, and 4 of his best grinders, to Charlemagne. 
 Huon sets out, goes to the Holy Sepulchre, and then the coast of 
 the Eed Sea, whence a naked old French escaped slave, G-erasmes, 
 takes him through Oberon's forest, towards Bagdad, Oberon, a 
 lovely child of 4 years old, and the son of Julius Caesar (as he 
 
 Arthur, " that tell me these tidings ?" "I am Merlin, and I was he in the 
 king's likeness," "Ah !" said king Arthur," ye are a marvellous man ; but 
 I marvel much of thy words, that I must die in battle." "Marvel not," said 
 Merlin, " for it is God's will that your body be punished for your foul deeds." 
 (Bk. i. ch. 18, ed. 1816, p. 39.) 
 
xviii II. Huon of Burdeaus. 
 
 says) gives Huon a magic goblet and horn, and afterwards rescues 
 him, in Tourmont, from his traitorous renegade uncle. Huon 
 then kills the giant Angoulaffre, reaches Bagdad, cuts off the 
 head of the lover of Esclarmonde, the Emir's daughter, kisses her 
 3 times, and asks the Emir for a lock of his beard and his 4 
 grinders. The Emir has Huon chained and cast into prison; 
 but Esclarmonde visits him, turns Christian, and offers to kill her 
 father. But Huon is set free to conquer the brother of the giant 
 Angoulaffre, which he does, and then asks the Emir to be bap- 
 tized. The Emir orders Huon to be seized ; but his magic horn 
 summons Oberon ; the Emir's head is struck off, and the lock of 
 his beard and 4 grinders are soon Huon's. Huon then sails for 
 Italy with treasure and Esclarmonde ; but Oberon threatens him 
 with dire punishments if he takes a husband's enjoyment out of 
 Esclarmonde before he marries her. Of course Huon does this, 
 and is shipwrecked ; does it again, and has Esclarmonde carried 
 away from him to King Tvoirin's seraglio. To that king's court, 
 by the help of Malebron, one of Oberon's spirits, Huon gets, and 
 there defeats Tvoirin's enemy Galafre. Afterwards, uniting with 
 Gerasmes, who was then Galafre's champion, Huon frees Esclar- 
 monde — still a virgin — sails to Italy, and weds her in Rome. He 
 then sets out for Charlemagne's court, but is betrayed and sent 
 there in chains by his brother Girart. Falsely accused, he is 
 condemned and led to the stake ; but Oberon rescues him, has 
 Girart killed, and invites Huon and Esclarmonde to visit him in 
 his fairy land. Here the original story ends. The continuation 
 adds : Huon having cut off the head of the son of Thiery, emperor 
 of Germany, is invaded by that potentate, in Guienne. He sails 
 for Asia to get help from Esclarmonde's brother, and while he is 
 absent, his wife is captured, and Gerasmes slain. On his voyage, 
 Huon's ship is carried into a whirlpool, where he sees Judas 
 Iscariot swimming and lamenting. The ship afterwards strikes 
 on a rock of adamant, whereon the Lady of the Hidden Isle has 
 built a glorious palace to hide her lover Julius Caesar from the 
 fury of three kings of Egypt. After a long stay here, Huon 
 leaves on the back of a griffin, and is set down on a mountain 
 where he finds the Fountain of Youth — wherein he bathes, — and 
 its apple-tree, 3 of whose youth-giving apples he is let pluck. 
 Then he is borne in a boat down a stream through a subterranean 
 canal, where he gathers magic stones, to the Persian Gulf; and he 
 
1\. Huon of Burdeuus. III. Foour Sons of Aymon. xix 
 
 lands at Tauris. He wins the favour of the Sultan by the gift of 
 one of his magic apples, and gets an army to free Esclarmonde. 
 Lauding at the desert isle of Abillaut, he sees Cain going round 
 the top of a mountain in a cask full of serpents and spikes, and 
 has a ride in the boat of the evil spirits vpho made the cask, 
 Huon then visits Jerusalem, and makes war on the Sultan of 
 Egypt; then lands at Marseilles, sends off his fleet, gives his 2nd 
 youth-apple to his uncle, the Abbot of Clugny ; and with the third 
 gets back his wife from Emperor Thiery. Huon and Esclarmonde 
 return to their own land of Guienne, and then visit Oberon in 
 his enchanted forest, who installs Huon " in the empire of Eaery," 
 and expires shortly after. The remainder of the romance, or 
 rather fairy-tale, contains an account of the reign of Huon, and 
 his dispute with Arthur (who had hoped for the appointment) as 
 to the sovereignty of Fairy-land ; and also the adventures of the 
 Duchess Clairette, the daughter of Huon and Esclarmonde, from 
 whom was descended the illustrious family of Capet. 
 
 " There are few romances of chivalry which possess more beauty 
 and interest than Huon of Bourdeaux : the story, however, is too 
 long protracted, and the first part seems to have exhausted the 
 author's stores of imagination. Huon is a more interesting 
 character than most of the knights of Charlemagne. . . . The sub- 
 ordinate characters in the w ork are also happily drawn. . . ." 
 
 So says Mr. Dunlop {Hist. Fiction, p. 129), who evidently 
 knew more about the subject than Mr. Halliwell. The reader 
 will find another sketch of the story in M. Alfred Delvau's Biblio- 
 theque Bleue, Paris 1849, a book otherwise called Collection dea 
 Romans de Chevalerie, mis en Prose frangaise Moderne, Paris, 
 Bacbelin-Deflorenue 1869, i. 145.1 
 
 III. The Foour sons of Aymon. This is a translation by Caxton 
 about 1489, of one of the French Romances of the Charlemagne 
 cycle. 
 
 Of Caxton's edition no perfect copy is known. The colophon 
 of the 3rd edition by Wylliam Copland in 1554, now in Bridge- 
 
 * M. Delvau is one of the J. P. Collier class who seldom tell you where 
 their originals are ; though in this point Delvau sins more than Collier. One 
 of the late originals in the British Museum, ' Les prouesses et faitz merueiUeux 
 du noble Huon de bordeaulz, per de trance, due de gixyenne,' printed at Paris 
 by ' Michel le noir, Libraire jure en luniuersite de paxis,' and finished the 
 26th day of November 1513, has very quaint and joUy woodcuts, and teUs 
 the bits of its story that I have read, in moat pleasant language. 
 
 c 2 
 
XX III. The Foour Sons of Aymon. 
 
 water House, is the only evidence we have of the existence of a 
 second edition by Wynkyn de Worde in 1504 : 
 
 Here finisslieth the hystory of the nohle and valiaTint Knyght, Eeynawde of 
 Mountawban, and his three brethren. Imprinted at London by "Wynkyn de 
 Worde, the viii. day of Maye, and y^ yere of our lorde M CCCCC IIII. at the 
 request and commaundement of the noble and puissant erle, the Erie of Oxen- 
 forde, and now Imprinted in the yere of our Lorde, M. ccccc liiii. the vi daye 
 of Maye, by Wylliam Copland dwellyng in Fletestrete at the Signe of the 
 Eose Garland for John Waley. Bridgewater Souse. Hazlitt (from Collier ?). 
 
 The Chansons de Geste of the " Quatre Eils Aimon " consist of 
 two parts, 1. that of the four Sons proper, called by the name of 
 the chief of them "Eenaud de Moutauban," and which is the 
 English romance ; and 2. that of their magician cousin " Maugis 
 d'Aigremont," These chansons are bound up with that of Grirart 
 de Eoussillon, who is the protector of his brothers, Duke Beuve 
 of Aigremont, Eude, Odon or Doon of Nanteuil, and Aime or 
 Aimon of Dordone or Dordon. 
 
 The oldest text of the Chanson de Greste of the Quatre Eils 
 d' Aimon is, says M. Paulin Paris {Hist. Lit. de la France, xxii. 
 412), of the end of the 12th century, a recast of an older poem, 
 and tells the following story, which I abridge from M. Paris's 
 analysis of the MSS. 
 
 At his court in Paris, Charlemagne notices, that not only is the 
 dispossessed Duke Doon of Nanteuil absent, but also Duke 
 Beuve of Aigremont. This angers Charlemagne, and he declares 
 he'll level Aigremont, castle and city, unless Beuve does homage 
 at court. Aimon takes his brother's part, and Charlemagne 
 sends, first, a messenger, and then his son Lohier, or Lothair, to 
 order Beuve to appear. Beuve answers the insulting mandates 
 by killing both messenger and Lothair, and many of their men. 
 Charlemagne invades Beuve, and makes him beg for pardon. 
 I'his is granted, but afterwards, with Charlemagne's sanction, 
 Beuve is entrapped and slain. 
 
 Aimon then brings his Pour Sons, Eenaud, Alard, Richard, 
 and Guichard, to the court of Charlemagne, who likes and knights 
 them, and gives Eenaud the magic horse Bayard. Bertholais, 
 Charlemagne's nephew, insults Eenaud at a game of chess, in 
 return for -which, Eenaud smashes his skull with the chess-board. 
 The Four Sons are attacked, but make a victorious retreat, thoiigh 
 their father Aimon is obliged to disown them, and to swear that 
 he'll give them up. The Sons retire to the forest of Ardennes ; there 
 
III. The Foour Sons of Aymon. xxi 
 
 build a castle, and live hidden 7 years. Then Charlemagne finds 
 them out, besieges and starves them out, and demands the 
 3'^oungest brother Guichard, for his own slain son Lothair. 
 Kenaud refuses this ; the Four escape, and live in woods, half- 
 starving, for 7 years ; all Four Sons having to ride on Bayard, 
 whom three of them at last propose to eat. E-enaud refuse?, and 
 they go to their father's castle. So changed are they by their 
 hard life, that their mother doesn't at first know them. Their 
 father won't own them, and denounces them, though he orders 
 them to be supplied with all they want. Accompanied by their 
 magician cousin Maugis d'Aigremont, they set out for Spain, 
 defeat a Saracen king for Ton, king of G-ascony, build the castle 
 of Montauban, and Eenaud marries Ton's sister. Then Charle- 
 magne demands of Ton the Four Sons, though in vain ; and 
 Eoland — he of Ronceval, Charlemagne's nephew, — comes to his 
 court. E-olaud, as his first exploit, defeats the Saxons who're 
 besieging Cologne, and takes their chief, Escorfan. For this, 
 Charlemagne wants to give him a worthy steed, even Bayard. 
 To get the horse, and Eenaud his owner, the Emperor adopts 
 Naime's treacherous scheme of proclaiming a race wiih rich 
 prizes. To the race accordingly come Bayard, — turned from brown 
 to white by Maugis's art, — and Eenaud, also made to look like a 
 youth of 15. They win the prize, defy Charlemagne, and retire 
 to Montalban. There, say the continuersof the story in the 15th 
 century (Paris, p. 430), the Emperor besieges the Four Sons; 
 Ton betrays them; Eoland takes Montalban; Maugis gives up 
 magic, and retires to a hermitage ; and the Four Sons fly to Dor- 
 don. There, again besieged, they make peace, and give up Bayard. 
 Eenaud goes to Jerusalem, and he and Maugis rout the Pagan 
 army. Then Eonaud's wife dies ; he sends his 2 boys to Charle- 
 magne's court ; and himself goes as a beggar to Cologne. There 
 he asks for work at St. Peter's Church, and the other workmen, 
 in their jealousy, throw him off the highest tower. As for Bayard, 
 Charlemagne basely has him thrown off the bridge at Liege into 
 the Meuse, with a stone round his neck, and his legs tied together. 
 But the noble steed rises, frees himself, and gains the forest of 
 Ardennes, where, in the 15th century, he still was. 
 
 The reader who cares for these things should read M. Parls's 
 interesting comments on this story and the whole cycle, and must 
 excuse me from referring: to Caxton's version of it. M. Delvau's 
 
xxii IV. Beuys of Hampton. 
 
 account of it in modern rrencli is in his Collection des Somans 
 de Chevalerie, Paris, 1869, i. 97, or Billiotheque JBleue, 1849. 
 Tiie late French prose romance, and the English translation of it, 
 no doubt differ in details from the earlier Chansons de Geste. 
 
 IV. Beuys of Hampton. The earliest copy of this Romance, 
 which is translated from a ' Frensche boke,' is in the Auchinleck 
 MS. ab. 1320-30 a.d. and was printed by the Maitland Club in 
 1838. Other MSS. are in the University Library, Cambridge, 
 and the Library of Caius College, Cambridge, etc. The first printed 
 version that we know, is from the press of Pyuson, without date, 
 aud the only copy known is among Douce's books in the Bodleian. 
 Of the next print that we know, Wynkyn de Worde's, ' a frag- 
 ment of two leaves is in the Bodleian among Douce's books.' Of 
 the third print, William Coplande's, a copy is among G-arrick's 
 books in the British Museum, Editions were licensed to Thomas 
 Marshe in 1558 {Stationers'" First Register, leaf 31^), to John 
 Tysdayle in 1560-1 {ih. leaf 62 back), and to John Aide in 1568-9 
 {ib. leaf 179) ;— see Collier's Stat, Beg. i. 16, 38, 200 ;— but none of 
 these editions are now known. If they were printed, the book 
 must have been the most popular of those we have yet dealt with 
 in Captain Cox's library. The story it tells is sketched by Ellis 
 in his Early English Metrical Romances, from the Caius MS. and 
 Pynson's copy. A king of Scotland's daughter has been given to 
 old Sir Gij or Gruy of South Hamtoun, and though he begets 
 Bevis on her, he does not kiss and cuddle her all day as a younger 
 lover would. She therefore sends to Sir Murdour to kill her 
 husband and marry her ; which, by her treachery, he does ; and 
 then she orders her 7-year old son, Bevis, to be murdered, aud as 
 that fails, to be sold as a slave and sent into heathendom. At the 
 court of the Saracen Erinyn, he kills, when 15 years old, 60 
 knights, and then a monstrous boar, and 9 foresters. Being 
 knighted, mounted on his steed Arundel, and armed with his 
 sword Morglay, he leads Ermyn's small army against the large 
 force of Bradmoiid, king of Damascus, who has demanded Ermyn's 
 daughter, Josyan. He kills Bradmond's giant Eadyson, unhorses 
 and defeats Bradmond, and then induces Josyan to promise to 
 deny her faith and marry him. For this he is sent treacherously 
 to Bradmond, who casts him into a dungeon in Damascus with 2 
 dragons. These Bevis slays ; and after 7 years' imprisonment his 
 chain breaks by a miracle, and he escapes. Killing his foremost 
 ^ I have verified the referencea. 
 
IV. Beuys of Hampton. V, Squyre of Lo Degree, xxiii 
 
 pursuer, and then his gigantic brother, Bevis goes to Jerusalem, 
 and thence to Mouubrauut, from the king of which country, 
 Inor, he carries oiF his love Josyan, who had married Inor, but 
 had remained a virgin. After killing two lions, a giant, and a most 
 terrible dragon, and rescuing Josyan from tlie people who are 
 about to burn her for hanging Earl Mile who had carried her off, 
 Bevis has Sir Murdour, his father's murderer, thrown into a 
 boiling caldron, while his mother, Murdour's wife, casts herself 
 headlong from a tower. Bevis then recovers his father's Earldom 
 of Southampton, but soon has to give it up — because his horse 
 Arundel has killed King Edgar's son, who wanted to steal it, — 
 and goes abroad. Josyan and her two babies are carried off from 
 him for 7 years, but at length rejoin him, and he defends his 
 father-in-law king Ermyn against Inor. His son GTuy is made 
 king of Ermyn's land, and he (Bevis) kills Inor and all his army, 
 and becomes king of Mounbraunt. Thence he returns to England 
 to restore his cousin Eobert to his estates. He encamps at 
 Putney, slays the king's steward, and (with his sons) has a fierce 
 long fight in London, in which 60,000 men are slain ; their blood 
 runs down to Temple-Bar, and turns the Thames red. The result 
 of this is, that King Edgar marries his daughter to Bevis's son. 
 Sir Mile, , who is crowned King of England, while Bevis and 
 Josyan return to Mounbraunt, where they and their steed Axuudel 
 all die together. 
 
 V. The Squyre of Lo Degree (or " Undo your Dore "). A poem 
 pretty enough to have justified many more editions than the only 
 early ones that have reached us, namely two ; 1. Wynkyn de 
 Worde's, of which 4 leaves only are known ; 2. Wyllyam Cop- 
 land's, of which a unique copy is among G-arrick's books in the 
 British Museum. (The latter has been reprinted by Ritson in 
 vol. iii. of his Ancient Metrical Bomances, and by Mr. W. C. 
 Hazlitt in his Select Remains of the JEarly Popular Poetry of 
 England, vol. ii. p. 21-64, 1866). 3. An edition, not now known, 
 Was licensed to John Kyuge on June 10, 1560 ; and as two other 
 of Captain Cox's books were licensed with it, I copy the entry 
 from leaf 48 of the Stationers' First Register, (it's also in Collier, 
 i. 26) putting in some stops : 
 
 Eecejrvd of John Kynge, for his Lycense for pryntinge of these Copyes : \ 
 Lucas vrialis^, nyce wanton / impaciens poverte / The proude wyves I .. 
 pater noster / The squyre of Low degre / and syr deggre : graunted ( ^ ' 
 y* X of June a" 1560 J 
 
 Lucres and Euryalus. See below, p. xxxviii, No. XIV. 
 
xxiv V. Squyi'e of Lo Degree. VI. Knight of Courtesy. 
 
 The story told in 1132 lines is one of the best and most popular 
 of our early tales, and was no doubt known to Shakspere : " Tou 
 calkd me yesterday mountain- squire, but I will make you to-day 
 a squire of low degreed Fluelliu in Henry V., act 5, sc. 1. The 
 poor Squire and Marshal of the King of Hungary loves that king's 
 daughter for 7 years in silence. At length his love finds voice, 
 and he finds it is returned ; but his Princess bids him go abroad 
 for 7 years, and earn fame in figbt, then visit the holy city 
 Jerusalem, and come back to wed her. She gives him money and 
 arms, and the Squire starts, but, returning to take leave of her, 
 is caught at her door by the King's treacherous Steward with a 
 band of men. The Squire kills 7 men and the Steward, but is 
 taken, and put in prison by the King's orders. The Steward's 
 corpse, dressed in the Squire's clothes, is set against the Prin- 
 cess's door, and his face so hacked, that she thinks the body is 
 the Squire's. She embalms it, and for seven years daily mourns 
 over it. Then, unknown to her, the King frees the Squire, and 
 sends him abroad to gain fame, and see the Holy Land, during 7 
 years more. This he does, his love still keeping his supposed 
 corpse by her, and daily mourning over it. The King tempts her 
 with all kinds of pleasure ; but she, faithful ever, will have none 
 of them. At last, when the Squire has, like Jacob for his Rachel, 
 served twice 7 years, the King brings the living lover to his 
 daughter ; and the Squire of Low Degree is King, and with his 
 Queen leads his life thenceforth in joy and bliss. 
 
 As bright as spring, and as tender as evening light, is the old 
 story in its different parts ; and besides, it is interesting for its 
 many details of old-world life, its list of trees (1. 29-41), of birds 
 (1. 45-60), of the parts of a knight's armour (1. 203-230), how he 
 is to win renown, etc., and specially the King's description of the 
 pleasures, dress, room and pursuits of his daughter (1. 711-852). 
 There is a poor, much-shortened, version of it in the Percy Polio 
 Ballads and Romances, iii. 263, containing only 170 lines, against 
 the 1132 of the original, as we must call Copland's late version 
 of an earlier original, which it has evidently altered in many words 
 and left out several lines of: — see i. 625-7, and compare the story 
 of Lyhius Disconius. 
 
 YI. The Knight of Courtesy and tJie Lady Faguell. The only 
 edition known is by Wyllyam Coplande, not dated, but probably 
 before 1557, as there is no notice of it ir the Stationers' First 
 
VI. Knight of Courtesy. VII. Frederik of Gene. xxv 
 
 Register, A unique copy of it is in the Bodleian, which Eitson 
 reprinted (less one stanza) in the third volume of his Ancient 
 Metrical Romances, 1802 ; and Mr. Hazlitt has since reprinted it 
 in vol. ii. of his Early Popidar Poetry, p. 65-87. It is only 504 
 lines long, and its story is a sad one of platonic love. The Lord 
 of Faguell, who has a sweet chaste wife, hears such a report 
 of the bravery and courteousness of "The Noble Knight of 
 Courtesy " that he sends for him to dwell in his land. The 
 Knight comes, and he and the Lady of Eaguell fall in love with 
 each other. They have a tender scene in the garden, and agree 
 to love one another in chastity. An overhearer of this warns 
 the Lord against the Knight, and the Lord then calls on the 
 Knight to go to Ehodes, and fight for the Christian Paith. To 
 the Lady's great distress, the Knight consents, and she shears off 
 all her yellow hair to put in his helm as a memento of her. Sadly 
 they part. He seeks adventures, wins jousts, slays a dragon in 
 Lombardy, who nearly kills him ; and then he goes to Rhodes to 
 help the Christians against the besieging Saracens. The Knight 
 kills all whom he meets, till at last 12 Saracens set on him, and 
 wound him to death, after he has killed 4 of them. He makes his 
 page promise to cut out his heart, after he is dead, wrap it in his 
 Lady's hair, and take it to her as his present. On the way home, 
 the page is met by the Lord of Faguell, who takes away the heart 
 and hair, has the heart cookt for his Lady's dinner, and then tells 
 her what she has eaten. She reproaches him, and says that, after 
 the heart, she will eat no earthly food ; then she yields up her 
 spirit, making her moan. 
 
 YII. Frederik of Gene. Mr. Halliwell, saying that a fragment 
 of this tract is in Donee's collection in the Bodleian, gives its 
 title (from Herbert's Ames, I suppose.) Mr. Hazlitt adds its 
 colophon. Both follow : 
 
 TMs Mater Treateth. of a Mercliauntes Wyfe that afterwarde went lyke a 
 man, and becam a Great Lorde, and was called Frederyke of Jennen after- 
 warde. [Col.] Thus endeth this lyttell storye of lord frederyke. Imprynted 
 in Anwarpe by me John Dusborowghe, dwellynge besyde the Camerporte, in 
 the yere of our lorde God, 1518. 4to. "With woodcuts. 
 
 The fragments — No. 79 in the Douce Fragments — in the 
 Bodleian are identified with the Romance of Frederyke of Jennen 
 by the signature on leaf A iij. As to editions. Donee's MS. notes 
 state that his fragments belong to an edition by Pynson (not other- 
 wise known), and not to a copy of John Dusboroughe's edition. 
 
XXVI 
 
 VII. Frederik of Gene. 
 
 He has written on the cover of the fragments, " Frederick of 
 Jennen p. by Pynson," and also : " Not in Herbert. P[rinted] 
 also by Doesborowe. See Herbert 1533. Story of Cymbeline." 
 The fragments are as follows : — 
 
 Douce Fragments, V How foure marchauntes met a[ll togyder,] whiche 
 "■ ■ were of foure dyuerse lo[ndes, and iorneyjde all to Parys. 
 
 In the yere of our lorde .... [it] happened that four [marchauntes] 
 .... out of dyuerse countrye[s went on their journeys and] as they 
 were goyng [it fell so that by] fortune they met all togyder and .... 
 gyder / for they were all foure goynge [to P]arys in Fraunce & 
 for company sake they rode a [ . . . .] into one ynne / & it was about 
 shraftyde, in the moost ioyfull tyme of all the yere' ; and theyr names 
 were called as here foloweth. the fyrst was called Courant of Spayne / 
 the second was called Borchart of Frauwce / the thyrde was called 
 Johan of Florence / & the fourth was called Ambrose of Jennen. 
 Than, by the consent of the other marchauntes, Borcharde of fraunce 
 went vnto the hoste and sayd : " Hoste, now is the meryest tyme of 
 the yere, and we be foure marchauntes of foure dyuerse countryes, & by 
 fortune we met all togyder in one place & our iorney is to Parys. And 
 therfore whyle we be so met, lette vs make good chere togyder / & 
 ordeyne the best meet that ye can get for money agaynst to morowe, 
 and byd also some of your beste frendes that you loue mooste, that 
 
 _ [Douce's Pencil Note. " This cut was used in Boorde's Introd." From the 
 title-page of my reprint of that book for the Early English Text Society's 
 Extra Series this year, I horrow the cut. The date of Pynson' s edition of 
 Frederyke of Jennen must have been 10 years or more before William Cop- 
 lande'e of Boorde's Introduction in 1547 or 1548.] 
 
 ' Shrovetide is Shrove Tuesday, and may fall on any day between Feb. 2 
 and March 8. 
 
VII. Frederik of Gene. xxvii 
 
 we maye make good chere togyder or that we departe fro hense / and 
 we shall contente you all your money agayne." And than the hoste 
 sayde that he wolde do it with a good wyll, and than went he, and bad 
 many of his good frendes and neyghbours to dyner ; and he bought of 
 the best meet that he coude get for money, and brought it home. And 
 on the morowe he dressed it, and made it redy agaynst dyner, after 
 the best maner that he coude. And whan that it was dyner' . . . . e 
 gestes to dyner & the marchaujites .... them welcome. Than bad 
 the mar .... at he sliolde brynge in the meete. & . . . , myght go to 
 dyner. And than the .... wyll. Than when the hoste and .... 
 meet & set it theron & pray- .... gestes to them & syt downe togyder 
 .... good chere al the daye longe with good honestey .... as very late 
 with daunsynge & lepynge. And wh[an they h]ad done / the gestes 
 toke theyr leue of the marchauntes, & thanked them for theyr good 
 chere. And than euery man departed home to his house. And than 
 cam the marchauntes to the hoste, & prayed hym hertely for to come 
 in, & thanked hym that he had ordered & done all thynges so well and 
 manerly. 
 
 - "If How two of the marchauntes / as Johan of [Florence] and Am- 
 brosius of Jennen hyld one another .v. thousand golde guldens. 
 
 wHan al the marchauntes & the gestes had made raerye togyder al 
 the daye longe / at nyght the gestes toke theyr leue of the mar- 
 chauntes / & thanked them for theyr good chere that they had made 
 them / & so departed euery one to theyr lodgynge. And whan that 
 they were departed euery man to theyr house / than wexed it late. 
 And than cam the hoste of the house to the marchauwtes & asked them 
 yf that they wolde go slepe / & they answered vnto theyr hoste "yes." 
 And than tokp he a candel, and brought the marchauntes into a fayre 
 chambre / where was .iiij. beddes rychely hanged with costely curtaynes 
 that euerye marchaunt myght lye by themselfe. And whan that they 
 were all togyder in the chamber / than began they to speke of many 
 thynges / some good / some bad, as it laye in theyr myndes. Than 
 sayd Courant of spayne : " Syrs, we haue be all this daye mery, and 
 made good chere, & euerye one of vs hath a fayre wyfe at home : howe 
 fare they nowe at home, we can not tel." Than, sayd bourcharde of 
 Frauwce to the other marchauntes: "What aske you how they do? 
 They syt by the fyere, and make good chei'e and eate / & drynke of 
 the beste, and laboure not at all / & so gee they vnto tliem hote blode ; 
 & than they maye take an other lusty yonge man, and do theyr plea- 
 sure with hym, that we knowe not of/ for we be oftentymes long from 
 them, & for that cause may the lenne^ a lofe, for a nede, secretly to an 
 other." Than sayd Johan of Florence / " we may all well be called 
 fooles & nydeates that truste our wyfes in this maner as we do ; for a 
 womans hert is not made of so hard a stone but that* [it] wyll melte / 
 for a womans nature is to be vnstedfaste and tourneth as the wynde 
 dothe, and careth not for vs tyll the tyme tJiat we come agayne. And 
 we labour dayely bothe in wynde and rayne, and put often our lyues in 
 iopardy and in auenture on the see, for to fynd them wit/tall ; & our 
 wyfes syt at home, and make good chere -with other good felowes, & 
 
 * [Sign. A. ii. (b).] ^ Leaf 2. Sign. A. iij. ^ they lend. 
 
 * The signature is Frederyke of Jennen. 
 
xxviii VII. Frederik of Gene. VIII. Syr Eglamoour. 
 
 gyue them parte of the money that we get. And therfore, an ye wyll 
 do after my counsayle / let euery one of vs take a fayre wenche to passe 
 the tyme witAal, as well as our wyfes do / & they shall knowe no more of 
 that / than we knowe of them." Than sayde Ambrosius of Jenne^i to 
 them : " By goddes grace, that shall I neuer do whyle that I lyue ! For 
 I haue at home a good & a vertuous woman, and a womanlye. And 
 I knowe [wel that] she is not of that dysposycyow / but thai she wil 
 eschewe . . . of all suche yll abusyoris tyl the tyme that I com home agayn. 
 For I knowe well that she wyl haue non other man but me alone. 
 And yf that I shold breke my wedlocke, than were I but lytell worthe." 
 Than sayd Joh'n of Florence : " Felowe, ye set moche pryce by your 
 wyfe at home, and truste her with all that ye haue. I wyll laye with 
 you a wager of .v. thousande guldens, yf that ye wyl abyde me here, I 
 shal departe, & ryde to Jennen, & do w^tA your wyfe my wyll." Than 
 sayd Ambrosius to Johan of Florence : " I haue delyuered to my 
 hoste .V. thousand guldens to kepe / put ye downe as moche agaynste 
 it, & I shal tarye here tyll the tyme that ye retourne agayn from 
 Je«nen / & yf that you, by ony maner of menes, can get your pleasure 
 of my wyfe, ye shall haue all this money." Than sayd Johan of 
 Florence : " I am content / " and than putted he in his hostes hande 
 other . V. thousande guldens agaynste Ambroses money. And than 
 toke he 
 
 [End of Fragment.] 
 
 YIII. Syr 'Eglamoour. Of this Romance (translated also from the 
 French) we have at least four manuscript copies : 1. in the Uni- 
 versity Library, Cambridge, MS. Ff. ii. 38, printed in the Thornton 
 Romances for the Camden Society by Mr. Halliwell in 1844 ; 
 2. (imperfect) in the Thornton MS. ; 3. in the British Museum, 
 MS. Cotton. Calig. A. xii. ; 4. in the Percy Folio MS., printed in 
 vol. ii. p. 341-389 of the Ballads and Bomances. (In the notes 
 there I have mistakenly called the Cambridge MS. printed in Mr. 
 Halliwell's Thornton volume, the Thornton MS.) ; 5. A single 
 leaf of another early copy, says Mr. Halliwell, is preserved in a 
 MS. belonging to Lord Francis Egerton. 
 
 Of old printed editions before 1575, the earliest that we know 
 is in 1508, 'Sir Grlamor, Edinburgh, be Walter Chepman and 
 Andro Myllar,' of which an imperfect copy is in the Advocates' 
 Library, Edinburgh. The other editions are London ones, not 
 dated, by "William Copland, (a copy among Selden's books in the 
 Bodleian), and by John Walley (a copy in the British Museum) : 
 and one of these. Captain Cox doubtless had. 
 
 The story of the Romance is told by Mr. Halliwell in Ellis's 
 Metrical Eomances, and by me in the side-notes of the Percy 
 Folio print, and narrates how the poor knight Sir Eglamore loves 
 Christabel, the fair daughter of the Earl of Artoys, and how he 
 
VIII. Syr Eglamoour. IX. Syr Tryamoour. xxix 
 
 undertakes three Deeds of Arms to win her ; how accordingly he 
 kills the giant Marrocke and a big Boar, a second Giant, and a 
 Dragon near Kome; how before marriage he begets a boy ou 
 Christabell, with which, when born, she is put out to sea alone in 
 a ship, and a G-riffiu flies away with the boy. She is driven to 
 Egypt, her boy carried to Isarell, while Eglamore, mourning them 
 both as lost, fights and dwells for 15 years in the Holy Land. 
 Then his son, Degrabell, wins his own mother Christabell at a 
 tournament, and weds her ; but before the marriage is consum- 
 mated she discovers that Degrabell is her son, and their marriage 
 void. At the second tourney, Eglamore wins his Christabell ; 
 they marry ; and rule Artoys. 
 
 The romance oi Torrent of Portugal, edited by Mr. Halliwell, 
 has almost the same incidents as Sir Eglamore, and is a version of 
 the same story. 
 
 IX. Sgr Tryamoour. Mr. Halliwell edited this romance for the 
 Percy Society in 184'6 from the earliest known MS. of it, of the 
 time of Henry VI., in the Cambridge University Library. Another 
 MS. of it is in the Bodleian Library ; and a third in the Percy 
 Folio, printed in the P. P. Ballads and Somances, vol. ii. p. 
 78-135. 
 
 Of old printed editions we know only two, both without date, 
 by AVyllyam Coplande: 1. 'imprinted at London in Temes strete 
 \pon the thre crane wharfe,' of which a copy is among Garrick's 
 books in the British Museum ; 2. ' imprinted at London, — with 
 a different cut on the title to that of the first ed., — of which a 
 copy is among Selden's books in the Bodleian. To use, with little 
 change, Mr. Hales's words, "the story tells how a good lord 
 (Arradas) and his gentle lady (Margaret) were estranged by the 
 treachery of their steward (Marrocke) ; how their son (Triamore), 
 conceived in honour, was born in exile and shame ; how, after 
 many a weary year, the execrable fraud was discovered ; and how, 
 at last, the son (who has, iu the meantime won himself a wife, 
 the beautiful Helen of Hungary, by many doughty deeds of arms) 
 and his mother, are happily united to the grieving husband." As 
 the steed, Arundel, was so prominent a feature in Sir Eglamore, 
 so in Sir Triamore is Sir Eoger's hound, who never leaves his 
 master's grave, except to get food, and who bites that master's 
 murderer, Marrocke, through the throat. Sir Eoger is the faith- 
 ful old knight who accompanies the lady Margaret in her exile, 
 till Marrocke kills him. 
 
XXX X. Syr Lamwell. 
 
 X. Si/r Lamwell. The earliest form of this romance that we 
 know, is Thomas Chestre's S;^r Launfale in the Cotton MS. 
 Caligula A. 2, leaf 33 etc., printed in Ritson's Early English 
 Metrical Romances^, which is taken from No. 5 of Queen Marie's 
 Lais, that Dr. Mall is about to re-edit. This version differs in 
 form, and somewhat in matter, from the later MS. version printed 
 from Bp, Percy's Eolio MS. in the P. F. Ballads and Romances, 
 i. 142, When the Introduction to the Percy Eolio " Sir Lambe- 
 well" was written (vol. i. p. 142), the incomplete copy of the 
 Romance in the Rawlinson MS. C. 86, (about 1508 a.d, says Mr. 
 Halliwell) was unfortunately overlooked, though Sir E. Madden 
 had mentioned the piece in his description of the MS. in his Sir 
 Gawayne for the Bannatyne Club. From this MS. twenty-nine 
 lines — that which should be the 18th is left out in the MS — are 
 now printed below, as a sample, from a copy made by Mr. George 
 
 Parker of the Bodleian : — 
 
 [Rawl. MS. C. 86. leaf 119J.] 
 
 lautnaball. 
 
 'With liym tliere was a BacMller 
 [And had ben there fuU many a yeer,] 
 A yonge kynghtt-^ of mushe myght ; 
 " Sir landevale " for-soithe he highte. 
 Sir landevale spent blythely, 
 And yaf jeiies largely ; 22 
 
 So wildely his goode he sett, 
 That he felle yn grete dette. 
 "Who hath no good, goode can he 
 
 none, 
 And I am here in vnchut^ londe, 26 
 And no gode haue vnder honde ; 
 Men wille me holde for a wreche. 
 Where I be-come, I ne reche." 
 He lepe vpon a Coursier 30 
 
 Sothly by Arthurys day 
 was bretayne yn grete nobyle ; 
 For yn hys tjone a grete whyle 
 He soiourned at Carhle ; 4 
 
 He had wj'tA hym a meyne there, 
 As he had ellys-where, [leaf 120.] 
 Of the rounde table the kjoightc*" aU«, 
 With myrthe and Joye yn hys halle. 
 Of eache lande yn the worlde wyde 
 There came men on eu«?y syde, 10 
 Yonge kynghte«2 and Squyers, 
 And othir Bolde B[a]chelers, 
 forto se that nobly 
 That was w»tA arthur alle-wey ; 14 
 for Eyche yeftys and tresour 
 He gayf to eache man of honour. 
 
 [&c., about 530 U.— leaf 128. Ab. 1480 a.d.] 
 
 We have now, therefore, five different versions, one whole, 4 in 
 part, of the late Sir Lamwell— three are in the Percy Folio 
 Ballads and Bomances — besides the earlier Romance printed by 
 Ritson. 
 
 Also, since the publication of the Percy Eolio, the Librarian 
 of Cambridge University has shown me a MS, fragment — a page 
 and a quarter, about, — of a much scottified version of Sir Lamwell, 
 
 ' Also in Way's Fabliaux, ed. 1815, iii. 233-287, and Halliwell's Fairy 
 Mythology of a Midsummer Night's Bream 1845, p. 2-34. 
 
 2 So in MS. ^ Un-couth, unknown, strange. 
 
[, Syr Lamwell. 
 
 XXXI 
 
 differing a little from both the versions printed in the Folio. 
 It is entered in the Index to the Catalogue as " Arthur, on king, 
 iii. 700," and is printed below : — 
 
 [Sir Lamuell.] 
 
 12 
 
 16 
 
 Listine, Lordings! by the dayis off 
 
 Arthure 
 was Britan in greet honoure ; 
 for in his tyme, as he ane quhyll 
 he sojurneit att coomelie carlille, 4 
 & hed with him monie ane aire, 
 As he hed oftymes els quhair — 
 Off his round table the knycAtes all 
 vfiih muche mirth in bonre & hall, 8 
 off eviie land in World so wyd, 
 thar come to him in eich [a] syd ; 
 joung knichtis, & squyers eik, 
 & bald baichlers, came him to seik 
 for to sie the great Nobilnes 
 that was into his court alwayis ; 
 for he geve rich gifts & treasour 
 to men of wair & gret honowr 
 with him ther was ane baicheleir 
 And hed beene thei monie ane jeir, 
 Ane joung knycAt, mekill off micht ; 
 ' Sir Lamuell ' forsuith he hecht. 20 
 this Lamuell geve gifts michtihe, 
 & spaireit not bo' geve largeUe ; 
 & so libralLie he it spent, 
 miche moir nor he hed in rent ; 24: 
 & so onvyselie he itt fett, 
 that he came mekill into daitt. 
 and quhen he sau weill all was gaine, 
 then he began to mak his moane. 28 
 " alas !" he said, " vo is that mann 
 that na gud heth, nor na gud cann ! 
 and I am far ia ane ferang land, 
 and na gud hes, I onderstand ! 32 
 men wald me hald for ane wrache, 
 Quhair I be puir certes, ne riche." 
 he lapp upon ane fair coursoure, 
 with-outtin Chyld or jit squyoure, 36 
 and raid so furth in great muming 
 to diyve away his soir langiag. 
 his way he tuik tovard the west, 
 betuix ane Vater and ane forrest ; 40 
 the-sone vas then in eveningtyd, 
 he lichtit doun, & wald abyd. 
 for he vas hait in the Wather 43 
 
 he tuik his mantill, and fald to gidder. 
 And laid him doune, the'knjcht so free, 
 Onder the shadou off ane tree : 
 " Alace !" he said, " na gud I heve, 
 
 Nor quhair to go ! so god me saiff ! 48 
 And all the knichts with ther feires 
 Off the round table that be my peeres, 
 Eich on to heve me vas full glaid ; 
 Nou will thai be off me full sadd ; 52 
 Nou wallaway, this is my song." 
 With soir weiping his hand he wrang, 
 With sourou and cair he did jell, 
 TiU he vie on a sleip he fell, 56 
 
 & all to soipeit and forweipt. 
 Quhen he vakuit out off sleip, 
 Tuo off the fairest maids sau he 
 That ever he did sie with ee, 60 
 
 Come out off the forrest, & to him 
 
 drau ; 
 fairer befoir he never sau ; 
 Eortils thay hed of purple sendill, 
 Small laceit, setting fall ane weill ; 64 
 MantUs thai hed of rid welvet, 
 Frenjeit with gold ful veill was sett ; 
 Thai vaire abowe that over all 
 Upon ther beds a joilie cumall ; 68 
 ther faces as the snou was quhyt, 
 ■with Lufesum cullor oft" gret delyt ; 
 fairar befoir he never did sie 
 he thoght them. Angels off hevins he. 
 The on bair ane goldin baiseing, 73 
 The uther ane touaU off Alifyne ; 
 Thai Came him both tovarid twaine ; 
 he vas courtess, vent them, againe ; 76 
 "Welcume!" he said, "Madams so 
 
 frie." 
 " Sit 'Kaycht !" thai anszt'reit him, 
 
 " Velcum be je ! 
 My Ladie that is brigt as floure, 
 The grathethe. Sir lamuell, para- 
 mour ; 80 
 Sho preyith the cvaa. & speik with hir, 
 jiff' it be nou thy plesor, Sir." 
 '' I am full faine with jou for to fair, 
 for troulie, such as jou so rair, 84 
 On the ground sau I never go :" 
 Washit his face and hands also, 
 & with the maids did glaidlie gang, 
 As merie as marie in hir song. 88 
 ■within the forest ther did sie 
 Ane rich Pavillione thei picht ful hie. 
 Ewrie pom.^ 
 
 Cambridge TJnivorsity Library MS. Kk. 5, 30, leaf 11. 
 
 * No more written. 
 
xxxii X. Syr Lamwell. 
 
 The Eawlinson Landavall is more like the bit of printed version 
 given to the Bodleian by Mr. Halliwell (and printed in the Ap- 
 pendix to vol. i. of the Percy Folio,) than the text of the Folio 
 itself. Mr. Halliwell says in his " Mythology of A Midsummer 
 Nighfs Dream" 1845, that the copy of Lamwell mentioned by Sir 
 F. Madden in the Lambeth MS. 305 " seems to be an error for 
 the Lyleans Discours in MS. No. 306." " The fabliau or romance 
 of Lanval is printed in Le G-rand's Fabliaux et Contes, ed. 1829 ; 
 and an English paraphrase of it appeared in ' Tales of the Twelfth 
 and Thirteenth Centuries' translated from the French of Le 
 Grand (? by George Ellis) 1796." (Hazlitt.) 
 
 Of early printed editions of Sir Ziamwell we know nothing ex- 
 cept one fragment of 8 leaves, and another of one leaf, both in the 
 Bodleian, and both printed in the Appendix to vol. i. of the Percy 
 Folio Ballads and Romances, p. 522-535. Perhaps the first of 
 these is part of the edition licensed to John Kynge in 1557-8 : — 
 
 To John Kynge, to prynte these bokes folowjTige ; that ys to saye, a \ 
 Jeste of syr gawayne' / the boke of Carwynge and sewynge^ / syr I g 
 lamwell ; the boke of Cokerye f the boke of nurtxire for mens sar- ( 
 vauntes ;* and for bis lycense he geveth to the house / 
 
 As these old printed texts are more like the Percy Folio version 
 than the Cotton one, we may sketch the story from the Percy 
 MS. 
 
 Among the knights who resort to king Arthur 'in merry 
 Carlile' is the young Sir Lambewell. So prodigal is he of his 
 money, that he soon has none left, and rides off westward alone. 
 While he's sleeping under a tree, two lovely maidens wake him, 
 and lead him to their lovelier mistress, the daughter of the king 
 of Million or Amillion — Oleron, in Chestre's version, — who offers 
 him all he wants, and lies with him that night. Next day she 
 sends him back to Arthur, with plenty of money (and more to 
 come), which he gives away right and left ; but if he ever mentions 
 her name, he is to lose her for ever. Queen Guinevere makes 
 advances to Lambewell, which he rejects ; and answers her taunts 
 
 ^ See below, p. xxxiv, No. XII. 
 
 - A later edition of Wynkyn de "Worde's book which was plagiarised from 
 Russell or his original. Both are in my JBabees Book. 
 
 3 A Proper New Booke of Cookery. Imprinted at London by John Kynge 
 and Thomas Marshe [1558], 12mo in Corpus Library, Cambridge. 
 
 * Hugh Rhodes's Book, of which Jackson's edition of 1577 is reprinted in 
 my Babees Book, with collations of Petyt's edition, before 1554. 
 
 5 The sum is not entered. 
 
XI. Syr Isenbras. xxxiii 
 
 by saying that his mistress's lowest maiden is fit to be queen over 
 her. For this she accuses him of trying to violate her; and he is 
 adjudged to prove his boast about his mistress's maiden, or die. 
 Two ladies then ride up, ' much fairer than the summer's dayes ;' 
 then two others, fairer still ; at last ' a damsell by her selfe alone ; 
 on earth was fairer neuer none.' She is Sir Lambwell's love ; she 
 clears him of the charge against him, but speaks no word to him ; 
 he has broken faith with her. In vain for him do Arthur and his 
 knights plead. She turns to go alone ; but as she passes Lamb- 
 well, he leaps on her palfrey, swearing he'll never leave her ; and 
 in the 'jolly island' called Amilion, they live in bliss. 
 
 XI. Syr Isenbras. This Eomance was printed by Mr. Halliwell 
 from the Thornton MS. in Lincoln Cathedral Library, in his 
 Thornton Romances for the Camden Society in 1844. Another 
 copy is in the Library of Caius College ; and from that and the 
 printed copy in Grarrick's plays, now in the British Museum, 
 Ellis sketched the story in his E. E. Metr. Eomances. This old 
 printed copy is without date, but ' Imprynted at London by me, 
 Wyllyam Copland ;' and one leaf of a different edition is among 
 Deuce's books in the Bodleian. 
 
 Sir Isumbras is proud, and forgets Grod. An angel announces 
 to him his degradation ; and, as from Job, his cattle and dwelling 
 are taken by death and fire ; his wife and 3 children alone are left, 
 naked. They start on a pilgrimage to Jerusalem ; their eldest 
 boy is carried off by a lion ; the second by a leopard ; the wife by 
 a Saracen soudan ; the youngest boy by a unicorn, and his mantle 
 by an eagle. Seven years Isumbras serves as a labourer and a 
 smith, and then helps the Christians win a battle, and slays the 
 Soudan who has taken his wife. Seven years he wanders in the 
 Holy Land, and then an angel tells him his sin is forgiven. As 
 a palmer he enters the palace of his wife, the widow-queen ; is 
 there kindly treated, and takes office ; and one day gets from an 
 eagle's nest the mantle his youngest boy was wrapt in when he 
 was carried off. This leads to his being made known to his wife, 
 and his coronation as king of the Saracens, He tries to convert 
 them, on which they all join two princes near, whom they have 
 persuaded to invade him. With his wife, Isumbras encounters 
 the whole hosts, and they are about to perish, when three knights, 
 who prove to be his 3 sons — one on a lion, the second on a leo- 
 pard, the third on a unicorn, — come to the rescue, slay 23,000 of 
 
xxxiv XII. A Jeste of Syr Gawayne. 
 
 the unbelievers, and rout the enemy. Taking the 2 princes' 
 kingdoms for 2 sons, they conquer another country for the 3rd, 
 and then have all the inhabitants of the new lands and Isumbras's 
 baptized. 
 
 XII. Syr Gawyn. " A Jeste of syr Gawayne " was, as we have 
 seen (p. xxxii), licensed to John Kynge in 1557-8, but no part of 
 his edition has reacht us. The last leaf only of another edition 
 ' Imprynted at London in Paule Churche yarde at the sygne of 
 the Maydens heed by Thomas Petyt ' is in Bagford's Collections 
 in the British Museum. !Four leaves of another edition 'Im- 
 prynted at London in Fletestrete at the sygne of Saynte Johan 
 euangelyst by me Johan Butler' are in the Lambeth Library. 
 This fragment was reprinted by Dr. S. E. Maitland in his List of 
 Early Printed Books at Lamleth, 1843, p. 297. Of the Scotch 
 romance of Golagros and Gawene, an earlier but titleless copy of 
 1508 is in the Advocates' Library, Edinburgh, and its colophon is 
 ' Heir endis the Knightly tale of golagrus and gawene [imprentit] 
 in the south gait of Edinburgh be Walter Chepraan and Andrew 
 Millar the viii day of Aprile the yhere of god M. CCCCC. and viii 
 yheris.' This, with all the other poems he could collect about 
 Sir Gawain, Sir Erederick Madden edited for the Bannatyne Club 
 in 1839. The most important of these poems is the very spirited 
 and vigorous romance of Gawain and the Green Knight from the 
 Cotton MS. Nero A x, which Dr. Eichard Morris has re-edited 
 for the Early English Text Society, and of which a poor emascu- 
 lated modernization (of the 16th century, as I suppose) is printed 
 in the Percy Folio Ballads and Romances, ii. 58-77, and in Sir E. 
 Madden's Appendix No. III. p. 224-242. However, we may feel 
 quite sure that the old black letter ' Jeste of Syr Gawayne ' was 
 the one that Captain Cox read ; and as the printed fragments we 
 possess of it agree, except in a few words, with the headless ver- 
 sion that Sir E. Madden printed in his Syr Oawayne, p. 206-223, 
 from a small 4to MS. of Douce's in the Bodleian, written in 1564, 
 and containing several other romances, all "imperfect, and all, 
 apparently, transcribed from early black-letter editions," we can 
 get the story from this MS. Sir E. Madden also notices the last 
 leaf of Petyt's edition among Bagford's Collections, MS. Harl. 
 6927, art. 32, and says " It is no doubt this romance which is 
 alluded to under the title of Sir Gawyn by Laneham. . . , The 
 original author ... in this instance, as in so many others, is 
 
XII. A Jeste of Syr Gawayne. xxxv 
 
 French ; and in the JRoman de Perceval, fol, Ixxiv. &, we meet 
 with the entire story." This, as Southey (Pref. to Morte d^ Ar- 
 thur, p, xxvi.), and Sir P. Madden {8t/r Qawayne, p. 349-50) 
 note, contains two different accounts of the opening of the tale, 
 1. making the meeting between Grawayne and the maiden inno- 
 cent, though judged guilty by her father and brothers ; 2, making 
 it guilty (farther on in the work, by Gawayne's confession), as 
 the English adapter made it. The story runs thus. 
 
 Grawayne leaves Arthur at the siege of Branlant. After crossing 
 a river and plain, and passing through a wood, Grawayne comes 
 on a magnificent pavilion, in which, on a sumptuous bed, sleeps a 
 lovely girl, Guinalorete, daughter of the king of Lys (or ' Syr 
 Gylberte, a ryche earle,' as the English story calls him). Gawayne 
 kisses her, and she threatens him with the vengeance of her 
 father and brothers. But — and here the English fragment 
 begins — Gawayne fears no threats, and takes his pleasure in the 
 maiden. Her father finds them together, and reproaches and 
 challenges Gawayne. They fight ; Gawayne unhorses and wounds 
 tlie father, and goes back to the daughter. To the wounded father 
 comes his son Syr Gyamoure, hears what has happened, calls up 
 Gawayne from his sister's side, and fights him. But Syr Gya- 
 moure is sooii unhorsed and wounded too, and Gawayne returns 
 again to Guinalorete (whose name is given only in the French 
 romance). Then comes Syr Gylberte's second son, Syr Tyrry, to 
 his wounded father and brother. He too hears of Gawayne's 
 misdeed, calls him from the Pavilion, fights him, but is unhorsed, 
 and hurt, nigh to death ; and Gawayne goes back a third time to 
 his sweet may in the pavilion. At last comes to the poor Syr 
 Gylberte and his two wounded sons, the pride of their family, 
 son Syr Brandies (or Brandels). The father tells him too of 
 Gawayne's deeds ; Brandies calls Gawayne from the pavilion, and 
 they fight so sore that both are glad to separate, vowing to renew 
 tlie .fight whenever they meet, " utterlye," or to the death. 
 Gawayne puts up his sword and departs, asking only Brandies to 
 'be frend to that gentle woman,' his sister. 'As for that,' says 
 Brandies, — and here the Petyt leaf begins : — 
 
 ♦ She hath caused to day moch shame, 
 
 parde ; 
 It is pyte she hath her syght !" 
 " Syr knight" sayd syr gawane "haue 
 
 good day ! 
 
 For on fote I haue a long way ; 
 An horse were me wonder dere. 
 Somtyme good horses I haue good 
 
 wone, 
 But now on fote nedes must I gone ; 
 // 9 
 
XXXVl 
 
 XII. A Jeste of Syr Gawayne. 
 
 God in haste amende my chere ! 
 Syr gawayne was armed passyng 
 
 heuy, 
 On fote might lie not endure truelye : 
 His knyfe he toke in honde, 
 [H]is armoure good he cut hym fro, 
 EUes on fote myght he not go ; 
 Thus with care was he honde. 
 (J Leue we now syr Gawayne in wo, 
 And speake we more of syr Brandies 
 
 tho. 
 When he with his syster met, 
 [H]esayd, "fye on the, harlot stronge ! 
 [I]t is pyte that thou Ijniest so longe ! 
 Strypes harde I wyl set, 
 [A]nd hete the, hoth hacke and syde!" 
 I Ajnd then wolde he not abyde ; 
 But to his fader streyte he went. 
 Then he axed hym how he fared ; 
 [H]e sayd, " son, for the haue I cared, 
 [I] wende that thou haddest ben 
 
 shent." 
 Brandies saj^d, "I haue bet my syster; 
 [A]nd the knyght, I made hym swere 
 That, when we mete agayne, 
 [H]e and I wyl togyder fyght 
 Tyl we haue spended eche our myght, 
 [A]nd that one of vs be slayne." 
 So home they went al togyder, 
 
 \_Back of leaf.'] 
 And eche of them helped other 
 As wel as they myght go. 
 Then the lady gate her awaye ; 
 They saw her neuer after that day ; 
 She went wandr3Tig to and fro. 
 Also syr Gawayne, in his party, 
 On fote he went ful weryly, 
 Tyl he to the courte came home. 
 Al this aduenture he shewed the kyng. 
 That with those .iiii. knightes he had 
 
 fighti^^g, 
 And eche after other alone. 
 After that tyme they never met more ; 
 Ful glad were these partyes Therfore ; 
 So was there made the ende. 
 I pray god gyue vs all good rest, 
 And those that have harde this \ji\e 
 
 geste. 
 And in hye heuen for to be dwellyng, 
 And that we al, vpon domes day, 
 Come to the blysse that lasteth aye. 
 Where we may here the aungels 
 
 synge. 
 
 (J Imprynted at london in Paule[s] 
 
 churche yarde at the sygne of 
 
 the maydens heed, by 
 
 Thomas Petyt. 
 
 Over this, is a separate colophon of Petyt's (No. 31), dated 
 'In the yere of our Lorde God. M. D.XLij.,' but it clearly does 
 not belong to the Gawayne Jeaste. A duplicate of this colophon 
 is on leaf 49 of Bagford's MS. No. 181. 
 
 The Prench romance gives us the sequel of the Geste. It 
 makes Brandelys and Gawayne meet and fight again. Guina- 
 lorete, with her child Giglain, interposes between them twice; 
 and Brandelys, who has been struck down, is persuaded to yield, 
 is made a Knight of the Eound Table, and grants forgiveness to 
 Gawayne, ' who begs it on his knees.' {Madden, p. 351.) 
 
 Sir Thomas Maleore "the compiler of the Morte d" Arthur does 
 not insert this episode in his work, but has a distinct allusion to 
 the circumstance, when he says ' Thenne came in 8yr Gawayne 
 with his thre sons, Syr Gyngelyn, Syr Florence, and Sir Louel ; 
 these two were hegoten upon Sir Brandyles syster ; and al they 
 fayled.' — Vol. ii. p. 383. Sir Brandelys was subsequently, 
 together with Florence and Louel, slain by Lancelot du Lac and 
 his party, at the rescue of Queen Guenever. Ibid. ii. 401, 403." 
 {Syr Gaivayne, p. 351.) 
 
XIII . Olyuer of the Casil. xxxvii 
 
 XIII. Ohjner of the Gastl. « T^ Hiatorye of Olyuer of Castylle 
 and the Tayre Helayne. [Colophon] Here endeth y*^ historye of 
 Olyuer of Castylle, and of the fayre Helayne doughter vnto the 
 kynge of Englande. Inpryuted at London in flete strete at the 
 sygne of the Sonne by Wynkyn de Worde. The yere of our 
 lorde M. CCCC. and xviij." "A Spanish Romance," says Mr. 
 Halliwell, " very popular throughout Europe, and translated into 
 most European languages." I have just looked at the ' Contents ' 
 of Loys Coste's Eouen edition^ of ' L'Hystoire de Ollivier de 
 Castillo, et Artus d'Algarbe, Preux & vaillans Cheualiers, Auec 
 les^ proesses de Henry de Castille, filz de Oliuier, et de Helaine, 
 fille du E/oy d'Angleterre : et les grandes aduentures ou ilz se 
 sont trainez centre leurs ennemys, comme pourrez voir cy apres," 
 (Brit. Mus. 'i_6~) and find that it tells how Oliver's mother-in- 
 law lusts for him — " ce n'estoit que fragilite naturelle de femme, 
 qui suit sa sensualite co?ztre houneur,' says the old Erench pub- 
 lisher (?) in his Epilogation — that he rejects her advances, goes 
 to England, and — being armed by a knight to whom he promises 
 half his prize — beats every one in a 3-days' tourney, the prize of 
 which is ' la belle Helaine,' the lovely daughter of the King of 
 England. Oliver tries to conceal himself, but is taken, and brought 
 to the Court. Then he takes the King of England's side against 
 the King of Ireland, who has invaded England. Oliver heads the 
 English host, discomfits the Irishmen, follows them to their own 
 country, brings back 7 kings prisoners, and is rewarded by fair 
 Helen's hand. But soon the son of one of Oliver's Irish prisoners 
 captures Oliver himself; and Artus of Algarbe, hearing this, 
 comes to London, mistakes Helen for her husband, and lies by 
 her, purely, and then rescues Oliver. Oliver however hears a 
 wrong story of his wife and Artus, and wounds Artus ; but on 
 learning the truth, prays forgiveness. Afterwards Artus falls ill, 
 and to save him, Oliver kills his own two children, and gives their 
 blood to his friend. This heals Artus ; God brings the children to 
 life again ; and Artus and Oliver go to Castille. Then the knight 
 who armed Oliver for his London tourney claims Oliver's son as 
 his half of Oliver's prize ; but, seeing the grief of Oliver and 
 Helen, restores them their boy, and vanishes into Heaven. 
 Oliver then marries his daughter to Artus of Algarbe. Oliver 
 
 ^ It is not dated, but the Museum Catalogue puts P 1625. It is translated 
 from the Latin, hy P. Camus. Orig. lee. 
 
xxxviii XIV. Lucres and Eurialus. 
 
 and Helen die ; their son Henry is captured, and dies in the 
 Saracens' land ; while Artus becomes King of Castille and Eng- 
 land. 
 
 XIV. Lucres and Uurialus. The original of this Eomance was 
 written in Latin by ^neas Sylvius Piccolomini, afterwards Pope 
 Pius II., born 1405, died 14 Aug. 1464.^ One copy of the edition 
 of 1443, in the British Museum — which has another copy on 
 vellum, and others in the Pope's Works — has no title, but is 
 headed " Enee Siluij poetse Senensis . de duob?^« amawtibus 
 Eurialo et Lucresia . opusculum ad Marianum Sosinum feliciter 
 Incipit prefatio." It has sheets a, b, c, d, in eights, and e in 
 four ; and the Colophon is " Explicit opusculum Enee Siluij de 
 duobus amantibus In ciuitate Leydensi Anno Domini Millesimo 
 CCCC° quadragesimo tercio . Leien." 
 
 It was translated into Italian in 1554, " Epistole de Dvi Amanti 
 composte dal fausto et eccellente Papa Pio tradutte in uulgare 
 con elegantissimo modo. In Venetia per Matthio Pagan, in 
 Erezaria all' insegna della Eede. M. D. LIIII." 
 
 Of English editions we know three. 
 
 1. Q The goodli / history of the most nohle / and beautyfull Ladye / Lucres of 
 Scene in Tus/kane, and of her louer Eurialus verye / pleasaunt and / delectable / 
 vnto y* / reder./ 4to, black letter, A, B, C, D, E, F, G, H, in fours ; but in 
 the unique Museum copy, H iv, the last leaf, is -wanting, containing the last 
 verse of the envoy, or " Le. A. to the E.eder," and the Colophon. Mr. Hazlitt 
 dates the book ' cura 1549.' 
 
 Eor this copy in the British Museum I had 4 vain searches in 
 the Catalogues, but then found it under ' Lucretia of Sienna,' 
 Case 21. c. It has y very often for i of No. 2, and has better 
 readings. Mr. Hazlitt says that Bagford speaks of an impression 
 in 4to by William Copland, — perhaps the same as No. 3. 
 
 2. Mr. Henry Huth has a unique copy of an edition in small 
 8vo, dated 1560, 'imprinted at London by John Kynge,' (A B 
 C D E E Gr H in eights) which he has kindly lent me, and from 
 which the extracts below are printed, though collated for words 
 with the Brit. Mus. ed. ; and 3. in the Pepys Library at Magda- 
 len College, Cambridge, Mr. Hazlitt notes an edition of 1567, 
 
 ^ He was an able man, but of loose morals, and spent the latter years of his 
 life in extending the power of the Papacy, thus undoing much of the work 
 of his earlier years when he strove to curb that power. He was on an em- 
 bassy in Scotland, to make peace between the English and Scotch, when 
 James I. was slain. Pius II. was a great patron of learning, and a bitter 
 enemy of the Turks. 
 
XIV. Lucres and Eurialus. xxxix 
 
 ' Imprjnted at Loudon in Louthbury by me "Wyllyam Copland.' 
 The date 1567 is no doubt right, as other books of W. Copland's 
 are known as late. 
 
 The story is a somewhat warm one for an embryo Pope to have 
 written, though the moral of it is to warn men against unlawful 
 love, as its pains are greater than its pleasures. As the verse 
 envoy says : 
 
 Yet coulde I shewe you of many other 
 
 mo, 
 Yf leyser not wanted, but now I let 
 
 it pas, 
 WMche by theyr loue were con- 
 
 strayned also 
 
 To mortal death ; more pitye alas ! 
 therfore thys boke in Euglysh drawe 
 
 was 
 For an example, therby to eschew 
 the paynes of loue, ere after they it 
 
 rewe. 
 
 The interest of the book — such as it is — is the curious disclosure 
 of the false notions of honour and right prevailing in Italian 
 society in the middle of the 15th century. Its story is this : — 
 
 When the Emperor Sigismund enters the town of Sienna in 
 Tuscany, four ladies meet him, among whom, 
 
 Lucres the yong Ladie, not yet of twenty yeres, shone in great bryghtnes, 
 yong maryed, in the famyly of the Camilis, vnto a very rich ma« named 
 Menelaus, vnworthie too whom suche beautye shulde serue at home, hut wel 
 worthye of his ivyfe to be deceyued. The stature of the Lady Lucres was more 
 hygher than the other. Her heare plenteous, and lyke vnto the goulde wyre, 
 which hanged not downe behinde her, after the manner and customs of 
 mayde«s, but in goulde and stone she had enclosed it ; her forhed highe, of 
 semelye space, wythoute wrynkeU, her browes bewte, facioned with fewe 
 heares, by due space deuyded, her eyne shining with such brightnes that, 
 lyke as the sonne, they ouercame the behoulders loking ; with those she might, 
 whome she wordde, slee, and slayne, whe« she wold, reuyue. Strayt as thriede 
 was her noose, & by euen deuision parted ; her fayre chekes, nothyng was 
 more amiable the« these chekes, nor nothyng more delectable to behold, 
 wherin, wha;« she dyd laughe, appeared two proper pyttes', whiche no man did 
 se, that wished not to haue kissed. Her mouth smal and comely, her lippes 
 of corall colour, handsom to bite on ; her small tethe, wel set in order, semed 
 Cristal, throughe which the quiueryng tonge dyd se«d furth, not wordes, but 
 moost pleasaunt armony. What shall I shewe the beautye of her chynne, or 
 the whitenesse of her necke ? No thyng was in that bodie not too bee praysed, 
 as the outwarde aparauwces shewed token of that that was inwarde^ : no man 
 beheld her that dyd not enuye her husbande. . . . Nothyng was more sweter, 
 nor soberer, than her talcke. . . . Her apparell was diuers ; she wanted nether 
 broches, borders, gyrdels, nor rynges. The abilimentes of her head was 
 suwiptuouse, many pearles, many diamantes, were on her fiwgers and in her 
 borders. (Sign. A. ii. back, to A. iiii. ed. Kynge ; A ii back to A iii, Brit. 
 Mus. ed.) 
 
 This young beauty, and Eurialus of Tuscany, a companion of 
 the Emperor's, fall in love with one another at first sight, and 
 
 1 pytes, Kynge. 
 
 * of that was in warder, Kynge ; of that that was inwarde, Brit. Mus. ed. 
 
xl ^IV. Lucres and Eurialus. 
 
 desire one anotber, but are unable to meet. At last, Lucres 
 trusts ber secret to Zosias, an old Almayne servant of ber bus- 
 band's ; but be only pretends to deliver ber messages, and puts 
 ber off. Eurialus, unable to get anotber messenger, sends a letter 
 to Lucres by a bawd. Lucres orders tbe woman oflF, and tears 
 tbe letter in pieces before ber ; but after sbe is gone, puts tbe 
 pieces together, and reads tbe letter. A correspondence follows, 
 and Lucres, holding back at first, at length consents to receive 
 Eurialus into her house. But her hrother-in-law' s plan to admit 
 him is frustrated by her mother, and then Eurialus is sent to 
 Eome for 2 months. Lucres mourns ; but on his return, his ser- 
 vant finds him a tavern near, out of whose window he can talk to 
 Lucres. Zosias is then convinced that as the love will go on, it 
 must be kept secret ; and he lets Eurialus in, disguised as a porter, 
 among other men carrying wheat. Eurialus takes Lucres in his 
 arms. Her husband comes ; she hides Eurialus first in one closet 
 and then, by a trick, in another, till Menelaus her husband has 
 gone, and the lovers are left alone : — 
 
 Lucres was in a lyghte garmente, that without plyght or wrynkell shewed 
 her hodye as it was, a fayre necke, and the lyght of her' eyne lyke the hryght 
 Sonne, gladsome cou?2tenamice and a merye face, her chekes lyke lylyes 
 medled wyth roses ; swete and sober was^ her laughyng, her breast large, and 
 the two papes, semynge apples gathered in Venus gardaine, meued the courage 
 of toucher.' (Sign. E. iiii. back, Eynge's ed. ; E. ii. £rit. 3Ius. ed.) 
 
 The lovers meet again for an hour when Lucres's husband has 
 gone to the country, and Zosias brings in Eurialus from the hay- 
 loft. Then, as no other chance of meeting is open to them, 
 Eurialus has recourse to Menelaus" s cousin, Pandalus, to arrange 
 a meeting for them. Eurialus shows him that if he doesn't do 
 this, Lucres will either kill herself or run away with him, and 
 thus bring open scandal on her family and her husband's: 
 whereas, if he'll manage the matter quietly, nothing will be known, 
 no harm will be done, but great good, and Eurialus will get the 
 Emperor to make Pandalus an Earl ! So one night, when Mene- 
 laus is away, Lucres lets Eurialus into the house, swoons from 
 excitement, but recovers, and they spend tbe night together. 
 
 After long waiting, they avoid Lucres's watchers, and often 
 meet; but then the Emperor determines to go to Eome, and 
 Lucres proposes to Eurialus to carry her off with him. He how- 
 
 ^ Kynge leaves out ' her.' * as, Kynge. thoucher, Kynge. 
 
XI F. Lucres and Eurialus. XV. Virgil's Life. xli 
 
 ever declines to face the scandal and danger of this, hoping to be 
 
 able to come back to her soon. But the separation makes him 
 
 fall ill ; and when he does get back to Sienna, he can only see 
 
 Lucres from the street, and write letters to her. She shortly dies 
 
 of grief ; he loses all pleasure in life, 
 
 & yet, though the Emperour gaue hym in manage a right nohle and 
 excellente Ladye, yet he neuer enioied after, but in conclusyon pitifully wasted 
 his painful lyfe. 
 
 The fruitless attempt of another knight, Pacorus, to make love 
 to Lucres, is told in the little book, which shows how corrupt and 
 false the ideas on love of Italian gentlemen and ladies of the time 
 must have been.i Two extracts from the book, on Italian women, 
 and servants, are given in the Notes to my edition of Andrew 
 Boorde's Introduction and Dyetary etc. for the Early English Text 
 Society, Extra Series, 1870. 
 
 We are also indebted to another original of Pope Pius II. 's for 
 another English translation : 
 
 ' Here begynneth the Eglogues of Alexander Barclay, preest, 
 whereof the fyrst thre conteyneth the myseryes of courters and 
 courtes, of all prynces in generall. The matter wherof was trans- 
 lated into Englyshe by the sayd Alexander, in fourme of Dialoges, 
 out of a boke named in Latin Miseria curialium, compyled by 
 ^neas SilviUs, Poete and Oratour, whiche after was Pope of 
 Rome, and named Pius.' Colophon : ' Thus endeth the I'ourthe 
 Eglogge of Alexandre Barcley, conteyning the manors of riche 
 men anenst poetes and other clerkes. Emprinted by Eicharde 
 Pynson, printer to the kyuges noble grace.' 4to, black letter, 22 
 leaves, with woodcuts. 
 
 XV. VirgiVs Life. Not that of the Eoman poet Publius Yir- 
 gilius Maro, but of his Middle-Age representative, when he 
 (Virgil) was turned into a Magician : " This Boke treateth of the 
 Lyfe of Virgilius, and of His Deth, And Many Maruayles that he 
 dyd in hys Lyfe Tyme by Whychcrafte and Nygramancye thorough 
 the helpe of the Deuyls of Hell. [Colophon] Thus endethe the 
 lyfe of Virgilius, with many dyuers consaytes that he dyd. Em- 
 prynted in the cytie of Anwarpe By me Johan Doesborcke 
 dwellynge at the camerporte [circa 1520] 4to, 30 leaves. Bod- 
 
 ^ A wife's brother-in-law, and her husband's cousin, both help her to com- 
 mit adultery ; lust, called love, is held more blading than marriage ; women's 
 passions alone are their guide ; wives are watched like criminals ; and every 
 married woman is fair game. 
 
xlii XV. Virgil's Life. 
 
 leian (Douce)" — Hazlitt} Another edition — "the booke of Vir- 
 gil! " — was licensed to William Coplande iu 1561-2,^ and is no 
 doubt the incomplete cop)^ among Grarrick's books in the British 
 Museum. Mr. Thorns says that this edition is so imperfect that 
 he couldn't reprint it, and he had therefore to take Mr. Utterson's 
 reprint of Doesborcke's, which was of course more handy, and 
 saved trouble. This {Thorns, ii, 21-59) tells us that Virgilius 
 was the son of a ' knyght of Champanien ' and the daughter of a 
 Roman Senator, and was born in the days of the grandson of 
 Eemus, whose father slew his uncle Romulus. The boy learnt 
 necromancy from books which he was shown by a devil, who 
 wriggled out of a hole in a hill when Virgil pulled out a board 
 there. The devil had been conjured and shut up there, out of a 
 man's body, till the Judgment-day ; and Virgil, having got his 
 books, bet the Devil he couldn't wriggle into the hole again. 
 But the Devil did it, and then Virgil shut him up again. Virgil 
 then taught at Tolenten, came to Rome to recover his heritage, 
 which he did by miraculous magic, shutting up his castle and 
 lands in fixed air, making the Emperor Perseydes and his army 
 lift their feet up and down in the same place for a day, etc. 
 Then he made love to the fairest lady in Rome, and was by her 
 hung out — like Hippocras (see my haint GraaT) — in a basket 
 half-way up her tower, for which he revenged himself by making 
 the angle between her legs, she being set on a scafibld, the only 
 place where a light could be got for 3 days in Rome. Then he 
 married a wife ; then he made a set of idols for all the countries 
 subject to Rome, so that when any of the countries were going to 
 rebel, its idol rang a bell, and gave the Senators notice. Then he 
 made a copper horse, man, and dogs, to hunt and kill all the 
 thieves and night-walkers in Rome ; then an ever-burning lamp ; 
 then the goodliest orchard in the world ; then an image that 
 deprived of lust every woman that lookt at it, which Virgil's wife, 
 at the Roman women's request, twice cast down, for which Virgil 
 hated her, and left the women to work their will. Then he 
 indulged in the Sedan's daughter, whom he carried off by a bridge 
 of air J and, when caught on his second visit, delivered himself by 
 magic, carried the lady away, and built Naples for her ; ' and the 
 fundacyon of it was of egges.' Then the Emperor of Rome 
 
 ' This was reprinted by Utterson, and for Pickeriag in 1827, in Mr. Thoms's 
 Early Prose Romances, a work revised and reprinted in 1858. 
 ' Stationers' Register A, leaf 73 back; Collier's Stat. Beg. i. 47- 
 
XVI. The Castle of Ladiez. XVII. Wido Edyth. xliii 
 
 besieged Naples, and Virgil delivered it, and peopled it with 
 scholars and merchants. Then he made a metal serpent to bite 
 off false-swearers' hands ; but an artful woman evaded the punish- 
 ment, and Virgil destroyed his serpent. Lastly, he made a won- 
 derful castle, and told his man to cut him in pieces, salt him, and 
 let oil drop from a lamp for 9 days on him, so that he might get 
 young again. But just before the charm was completed, the 
 Emperor killed the man who lookt after the lamp ; on which, a 
 naked chylde — the new Virgil, underdone, no doubt — ran 3 times 
 round the barrel, saying " cursed be the tyme that ye cam euer 
 here," and vanished ; " and thus abyd Virgilius in the barell, dead." 
 On the legend, Mr. Thoms's Introduction, vol. ii. p. 1-17, may 
 be consulted. 
 
 XVI. The Castle of Ladiez. " Here begynneth the Boke of 
 the Cyte of Ladyes the which boke is devyded into iii partes. 
 The fyrst parte telleth how & by whom the wall & the cloystre 
 about the Cyte was made. The seeonde parte telleth how & by 
 whom the Cyte was buylded within & peopled. The thyrde 
 parte telleth how & by whom the hygh battylments of the towres 
 were parfytely made" <&c. No place or date. 4to. Dibdin 
 {Ames ii. 378) calls the copy he saw, a very 'curious and amusing 
 volume,' says that it's in Corpus Christi College, Oxford, and 
 gives an extract from the first chapter which doesn't show the 
 character of the book at all. Mr. Hy. Huth has another copy of 
 the book, which was originally in Mr. F. S. Ellis's hands, incom- 
 plete, but Mr. Lily completed it by a facsimile page. Mr. Huth 
 is unluckily in the country when this sheet goes to press ; but on 
 his return he will enable me to report on the book and its story 
 in my Notes, and settle whether Laneham's Castle of Ladiez i^ this, 
 Cyte of Ladyes. If it is not, the Castle is not now known to biblio- 
 graphers. 
 
 XVII. The Wido Tldyth. Of this, before Laneham's time, we 
 know two editions, 1. John Rastell's in 1525, ' Enprynted at 
 London ab the sygne of y^ Meremaid at Polls gate next to Chepe 
 syde The yere of our Lord. M. V. C. XXV. The xxiii. day of 
 March,' of which a copy is at Wentworth,^ 
 
 " The "Widow Edyth. XII mery gestys of one called Edyth 
 
 The lying Wydow whych yet still lyueth." 
 
 ^ Of this edition not more than 3 copies axe known. It extends to sign. 
 D. iii. Hazlitt's Jest Books, 3rd series, p. 28. 
 
xliv XV 11. The Wido Edyih. 
 
 2. Eicharde Johnes's : " XII mery Jests of the wyddow Edyth. 
 1573:" and this gives the supposed author's name "Finis, by 
 Walter Smith." Copies are in the Bodleian, and in Mr. Hy. 
 Huth's library. Mr, W. C. Hazlitt reprinted the 1573 edition 
 in his capital collection of Early Jestbooks 1860, 3rd series, p. 27. 
 The Jests are anecdotes of how Widow Edyth cheated people by 
 representing herself to be a rich widow ; and the poem is written 
 by one Walter Smith,— seemingly a servant of Sir Thomas More's 
 at Chelsea — one of her lovers. The list of the Twelve Jests from 
 Mr. Hazlitt's reprint will be, perhaps, enough account of the 
 book: 
 
 The first mery Jest declareth, how this faire and merye Mayden 
 Edith was maryed to one Thomas Ellys, and how she ran away 
 with another, by whom she had a bastard Doughter, and how she 
 deceiued a G-entleman, bearynge him in hand how her Doughter 
 was Heire to faire Landes and great Eichesse. 
 
 The second mery Jest : how this lying Edyth made a poore man 
 to vnthatch his House, bearyng him in hand that she wold couer 
 it with Lead: and how she deceiued a Barbour, makyng him 
 beleue she was a widow, and had great aboundance of Grooddes. 
 
 The thyrd mery Jest : how this wydow Edyth deceiued her 
 Hoste at Hormynger, and her Hoste at Brandonfery, and borowed 
 money of them both, and also one mayster Gruy, of whome she 
 borrowed iiii. Marke. 
 
 The fourth mery Jest, how this wydow Edith deceiued a Doctor 
 of diuinitie, at S. Thomas of Akers in London, of v. Nobles he 
 layd out for her, and how she gaue hym the slyp. 
 
 The fifth merye Jest : how this wydow Edyth deceiued a man 
 and his wife that were ryding on Pylgremage, of iiii Nobles that 
 they laid out for her ; and how she deceiued a scriuener in Lon- 
 don, whose name was M. Eowse. 
 
 The sixt merye Jest : how this wydowe Edyth deceiued a Draper 
 in London of a new Gowne and a new Kyrtell ; and how she sent 
 hym for a Nest of Grobblets and other Plate to that scriuener 
 whome she had deceiued afore. 
 
 The vii mery Jest : how she deceiued a seruarat of Sir Thomas 
 Neuells, who in hope to haue her in Mariage, with al her great 
 richesse, kepte her company tyl al his money was spent ; and then 
 she tooke her flight, and forsooke him. 
 
 The eight mery Jest : how this wydow Edyth deceyued a ser- 
 
XVII. The Wido Edyth. xlv 
 
 uaunt of tbe Bysshop of Rochesters, with her coggynge, and 
 boastynge of her great Eichesse; who like wise thought to haue 
 had her in Maryage. 
 
 The ix mery Jest : how she deceiued a Lord, so?w-tyme Earle of 
 Arundell : and how he sent v. of his men seruantes and a hand- 
 maid to here her company, and fetch her Daughter, who, as she 
 boasted, was an Heire of great Landes. 
 
 The tenth merye Jest : how she deceiued three yong men of 
 Chelsey, that were seruantes to Syr Thomas More, and were 
 all three suters vnto her for Maryage : and what mischaunce 
 happened vnto her. 
 
 The si. mery Jest : how she deceiued three yong men of the 
 Lord Legates seruants, with her great liyng, crakyng, and boastyng 
 of her great Treasure and Jueiles. 
 
 The sii. merye Jest : how this wydow Edyth deceyued the good 
 man of the three Cuppes in Holburne, and one John Cotes : and 
 how they both ryd with her to S. Albans to ouersee her houses 
 and landes: and how thei were rewarded [or sold, and had to ride 
 back to London, the widow having slipt away from them : " God 
 saue the Wydow, where euer she wende !" says the forgiving 
 Smith in his last line]. 
 
 Walter Smith, the writer of the poem, comes-in in 'the Tenth 
 mery Jest ' (p. 75). The widow, after takiug-in the Earl of 
 Arundel, stops at Eltham for 3 weeks and a day, then walks to 
 a thorp [village] called Batersay, takes a wherry, and is rowed 
 over to Chelsea, where she is housed at Sir Thomas More's. 
 There she boasts so of her property at Eltham — 2 worsted looms, 
 2 mills, a brewery, 4 plows, 15 men-servants, 7 maids, etc. etc. — 
 
 ' That tkree yong men she cast in a heat, 
 Which seruants were in the same place. 
 And all they woed her a good pace.' 
 
 The first was Thomas Croxton, servant to Master Alengton ; the 
 second Thomas Arthur, servant to Master Eoper — Sir Thomas 
 More's son-in-law ; and the third was Walter Smith, who dwelt 
 at Chelsea. After the widow has gammoned Croxton and Arthur, 
 Smith meets her in the cloister, takes her in his arms, kisses her, 
 and tells her how he loves her. She says she loves him, and that 
 when she comes to Chelsea again, she'll bring him a crucifix of 
 pure gold as a remembrance of her ; 
 
 Thaw Wa[l]ter stode on tipto, and gan him self avance ; 
 "I thank you," quod he, " euen with all my hart." 
 He kissed her deliciously, and then dyd depart. 
 
xlvi XV III. The King and the Tanner. 
 
 She comes back to Chelsea the same night; but by then, Thomas 
 Arthur has found out what an impostor she is ; and they play her 
 a trick, put ' Pouder Sinipari ' in her food, give her a violent 
 purging, and then get her put in jail for 3 weeks. 
 
 XVIII. The King and the Tanner. The notice of the earliest 
 printed edition of this short story is in the Stationers' Register A, 
 leaf 116 back, (Collier, i. 99) 
 
 W greffeth Eeceaved of William greffetli, for his lycense for pryntinge of a 
 boke intituled " the story of kynge henry the iiij"* and the Tanner 
 oftamworth" iiij'' 
 
 But no copy of this is now known. The earliest printed copy we 
 know is that by Danter in 1596, which Percy cookt sadly in his 
 Heliques, ii. 91, ed. 1812, where it is called '' A merry, pleasant 
 and delectable history between King Edward the Fourth and a 
 Tanner of Tamworth." Heywood also took Edward as the hero 
 of the ballad, and used its incidents in his Edward the Fourth, 
 Shakespere Society, 1842 (Collier). The earliest copy of the 
 ballad known to us is a strongly provincial one in the MS. More 
 Ee, 4, 35, in the University Library, Cambridge, which has been 
 printed by Eitson in his Pieces of Ancient Popular Poetry, 1791, 
 and by Mr. W. C. Hazlitt in his Select Remains of the Early 
 Popular Poetry of England, 1864, i. 1, as " The King and the 
 Barker." It does not name its king, and makes its tanner one of 
 ' Dantre ' or Daventry in Warwickshire, but tells the same story as 
 Danter's copy of 1596 : ' The kyng ' overtakes a tanner riding a 
 cob, and sitting on a lot of black cow hides ; the tanner takes the 
 king for a thriftless scamp, and then for a thief, when he sees the 
 king's men ; but they talk together, and when Lord Basset kneels 
 to the king, the tanner is afraid for his life. Then the king changes 
 his high horse for the tanner's low one, to go hunting under the 
 branches ; the tanner puts his cowhides on the king's saddle, their 
 horns prick the horse, and he breaks the tanner's head against 
 the bough of an oak. The king laughs ; they change horses 
 again ; the tanner promises the king a drink the next time they 
 meet in Daintry, and the king gives him a hundred shillings. 
 
 Ballads and stories of like kind to this are ' John de Reeve ' 
 and the ' Kinge and Miller ' in the Percy Folio Ballads and Ro- 
 mances, vol. ii. 147, 559, ' Rauf Coilzear,' ' King Edward and the 
 Shepherd,' ' The King and the Hermit,' etc. In the East as well 
 as the West, the subject of kings mixing familiarly with their 
 
XIX. Frier Rous. xlvii 
 
 poor subjects has been popular ; Haroun-al-Rasehid, as well as 
 King Alfred, is an instance of it. See Percy's and Prof. Child's 
 introductions to ' Edw. IV. and the Tanner of Tamworth,' etc. 
 
 XIX. JPrier Boiis. No copy of this book is known before 1620, 
 but Collier, i. 199, gives this entry from the Stationers' Register A 
 (on leaf 179,) 
 
 Aide p, of John Aide, for his lycense for pryntinge of a boke intituled 
 " Freer Russhe " iiij* 
 
 As John Aide's son Edward issued the edition of 1020, which is re- 
 printed in Thoms's Early Prose Romances, vol. i. p. 261, ed. 1858, 
 it is probable that the later edition did not differ much from the 
 one that Captain Cox read. " The Historie of Frier Rush : How 
 he came To A House of Religion to Seeke Service, and Being 
 Entertained by The Priour, was Eirst made Under Cooke. Being 
 Eull of Pleasant Mirth and Delight for Young People," tells 
 how Rush (or Puck, or Robin Groodfellow,) is ' a divell ' sent by 
 Belphegor, Asmodeus, and Beelzebub, as a servant into a Monas- 
 tery, where he brings to the Prior a fair young gentlewoman, and 
 to all the monks the women they most desire ; throws the 
 Cook into a kettle of boiling water, for beating him ; gives the 
 friars bacon in their pottage on fast-days ; makes truncheons for 
 them and sets them all by the ears, so that they have a regular 
 fight, ending with broken heads, arms, and legs ; puts tar instead 
 of grease to the Prior's waggon- (or carriage-) wheels, makes him 
 pay for wine he doesn't drink ; breaks the dormitory stairs, so 
 that all the friars come tumbling on one another as they go to 
 matins ; and cuts a farmer's cow in two, and cooks one half for 
 the friars. Then comes the old episode of the Devils meeting 
 and reporting their deeds, and he who's made the Religious sin, 
 getting highest praise^ : but the farmer overhears the reports, tells 
 the Prior that Rash is a devil, and he is accordingly turned out. 
 He turns better ; goes as servant to a husbandman whose wife is 
 unfaithful with the Priest ; and then catches the Priest hidden, 
 first in a chest, afterwards in some straw, and lastly in a basket 
 hung up by a rope. Rush throws the Priest on the dunghill, 
 whacks him, drags him through a pool, and through the town, at 
 his horse's tail. He does the husbandman's heavy work in a 
 trice ; gets another devil conjured out of a girl's body by his friend 
 
 ^ See E. Bninne's Sandlyng Synne, Dan Michel's Ayenbite of Inwyt, etc. 
 
xlviii XIX. Frier Rous. XX. Hoivleglas. 
 
 the Prior, carries a load of lead up to tlie Prior's cburch-roof, flies 
 home with the Prior on his back ; and then the Prior " com- 
 maunded him to goe into an olde castle that stood farre within 
 the forrest, and never more to come out, bat to remaine there for 
 ever. From which Devill and all other Devills, defend us good 
 Lord ! Amen !" 
 
 XX. Soioleglas. Of this work we know of three different edi- 
 tions by Wyllyam Copland, though of each only one imperfect 
 copy has survived. One copy has no colophon ; the other two were 
 printed after Wyllyam Coplande had left his predecessor Robert's 
 old house, the Eose Garland in Fletestrete. The first of these, that 
 in the Brit. Mus., was ' Imprynted at London in Tamestrete at the 
 Vintre on the three-Craned Wharfe ;' the second, or Bodleian copy, 
 was 'Imprinted at Lothbury;' where W. Copland printed from 
 1562-3 (see my Boorde Forewords, p. 19) to 1567(see above, p. xxxix). 
 The earliest ed. must have borne date after 1547 (the latest date of 
 Eobert Coplande's books) or 1548 (the earliest date of Wyllyam 
 Coplaude's). To Mr. Collier is due the credit of having brought the 
 Lothbury edition to public notice,and of having shown that the Bod- 
 leian copy was possibly the poet Spenser's, and lent by him to G-a- 
 briel Harvey^ {Bihliographical CaifaZ.i. 379-381). The title is "Here 
 
 1 [4». Z. 3. Art. Seld. (Bodl. Libr.) last page, back of Colophon.] 
 This Howletglasse, with Skoggin, Skelton, & L[a]zarill[o], giuen me at 
 London, of Mr. Spensar / xx. Decembris, 1[5]78. on condition [y' I] shoold 
 bestowe y^ reading of them ou[er] before y* first of January, j[med]iatly en- 
 suing : otherwise to forfeit unto him my Lucian jn fower uolumes. Where- 
 upon I was y" rather jnduced to trifle away so many howers, as were jdely 
 ouerpassed jn running thorowgh y* f[oresai]d foolish bookes : wherein me- 
 thowg[h]t not all fower togither seemed comparable for s[utt]le & crafty 
 feates with Jon Miller / whose witty shiftes, & practises ar rep[o]rted 
 amongst Skeltons Tales. [Dyce's Skelton's Works, vol. i, p. Ixvi.] 
 
 \_ln the same hand, previous page, hut crossed through with the pen : — " Skel- 
 tons only Jon Miller, worth all Howletglasse, Skoggin, and Skelton besyde."] 
 The book, says Mr. Gr. Parker, has evidently been read through, as many 
 passages are underlined, and crosses and strokes occur in the margin ; and in 
 the Table, at end, there are lines, crosses, and notes, all by the same hand. 
 Table. Thus : — Sow howleglas wold Jlye fro a house top. [_MS. note,} Skoggins 
 patterne. 
 >, after chapt. 12, is added in MS. 
 
 A miracle upon y^ hault, & lame. Idem jn Mensa philoso- 
 phica 
 „ on the next page blynde [MS. note]. 
 
 how howleglas gaue, xx, gyldens to, xii, poore men for Christes 
 loue, 
 „ next Jine A great braggadocia [MS. note], 
 
 how howleglas feared his host w' a dead woulfe. 
 
XX. Howleglas. xlix 
 
 beginnethe a merye Teste of a man called Howleglas, and of many 
 maruelous thinges and Jestes that he dyd in his lyffe in Eastlande 
 and in many other places." The book is sm. 4!to, without date, 
 printed by Copland. 2 copies of this work are in the British 
 Museum. Here are the Prologue and Contents : — 
 
 The Prologue. — For the great desyryng and praying of my good 
 frandes,! — and I the first writer of this boke might not denye them, 
 — Thus haue I comp[y]led^ & gathered much knauyshnes & 
 falsnes of one Howleglas, made and done within his^ lyfe, whiche 
 Howleglas dyed the yeare of our lorde God. M. CCCC. &. L.* 
 Nowe I desyre to be pardoned both before ghostly & worldly, 
 afore highe & lowe, afore noble and vnnoble. And right lowly 
 I requyre all those that shall reade or heare this presewte Teste, 
 my ignorauTJce to excuse. This fable is not but only to renewe 
 the mindes of men or women of all degrees from the vse of sad- 
 nesse, to passe the tyme with laughter or myrthe, And forbecause 
 the simple knowyng persones shuld beware if folkes can see. 
 Me thinke it is better to^ passe the tyme with suche a mery leste, 
 and laughs there at, and doo no synne, than for to wepe, and do 
 synne. 
 
 Contents. — Howe Howleglas, as he was borne, was christened 
 ill. tymes vpon one day. How Howleglas aunswered a man that 
 asked the hyghe waye. How that Howleglas sat vpon his fathers 
 horse, behynde hym. How Howleglas fell fro the rope into the 
 water. How Howleglas mother learned hym, a«d bad him go to a 
 craft. How Howleglas got bread for his mother. How Howle- 
 glas was stolen out of a bye-hyue by nyght. How Howleglas was 
 hyred of a pryest. How Holeglas was made a paryshe clarke. 
 How Howleglas wold flye fro a house-top. How Howleglas made 
 hymselfe a physicion, and how he begyled a doctour with hys 
 medicines. How Holeglas made [that] a sicke chylde shylde 
 shyte, that afore myght not shyte, and howe he gat great worship 
 therof. How Howleglas made hole all the sycke folke that were 
 in the hospytall, where the spere of our lord is. How Howleglas 
 was hyred to be a bakers seruawt. How Howleglas was put in 
 wages with the foster of Anhalte, for to watche upon a tower to 
 se whan his enemies came, and than for to blowe an home to 
 
 frendes, B. ^ compled, A ; compyled, B. ^ dis, B. 
 
 The end of the hook says ' M. CCC. & fyftie.' ^ no, A ; to, B. 
 
1 XX. Howleglas. XXI, Gargantua. 
 
 warne them theraf. How Howleglas wan a great deale of mony 
 wyth a poynt of foolyshnesse. How the duke of Lunenborough 
 banyshed Howleglas out of his lande. How Howleglas set his 
 hostyse vpon the hoote asshes with her bare arce. How Howle- 
 glas toke vpon hym to be a paynter. How Howleglas had a great 
 disputaeion with all the douctours of Pragem in Bemen. How 
 Howleglas became a pardoner. How Howleglas did eate for 
 money in the towne Banberbetche. How Howleglas wewt to 
 Kome to speke wit^ the pope. How Howleglas deceived iii. 
 Jewes with durt. How Howleglas had gotten the persons horse 
 by his confession. How Howleglas was hyred of a blacke smyth. 
 How Howleglas was hyred of a shoemaker. How Howleglas 
 serued a tayler. How Howleglas solde turdes for fat. How 
 Howleglas through his subtle disceytes deceyued a wyne drawer 
 in Lubeke. How Howleglas became a maker of Spectacles, and 
 howe he could fynde no worke in no lande. How Howleglas was 
 hyred of a marchaunt man to be his cooke. How howleglas was 
 desyred to dyner. How howleglas wane a piece of cloth, of a man 
 of the country. How howleglas gave xx. gyldens to .xii. poore 
 mew, for Christes loue. How howleglas feared his host wit/i a 
 dead woulfe. How howleglas flied a hound, and gaue the skyn for 
 halfe hys dynner. How howleglas serued the same hostise another 
 tim[e], and laye on a whele. How Howleglas serued a holarader 
 viith a rested aple. How Howleglas made a woman that sold 
 erthen pottes to smyte them all in pieces. How Howleglas brake 
 the stayres that the munkes shulde come down on to matyns, and 
 how thei fell downe into the yarde. How Howleglas bought 
 creame of the women of the cuntrey that brought it for to sell. 
 How Howlegl[a]s came to a scholer, to make verses with him to 
 the vse of reason. How Howleglas was secke at Molen^, and how 
 he dyd shyte in the poticaries boxes, and was borne in the holy 
 ghoste. How Howleglas deceiued his ghostly father. How 
 Howleglas made his testament. How Howleglas was buried. 
 Q Thus endeth the lyfe of Howleglas. 
 XXI. Gargantua. ' The History of Gargantua, a romance trans- 
 lated from Rabelais, and alluded to by Shakespeare. A book entitled 
 "The History of Graragantua," was entered on the books of the 
 Stationers' Company in 1594, but there was no doubt a much 
 earlier edition. The author of Harry White's Humour, 1640, 
 
 * Mr. Halliwell prints ' moten.' 
 
XXII. Robin Hood. li 
 
 " is of this opinion, that if the histories of Garagantua and Tom 
 Thumbe be true, by consequence, Bevis of Hampton and Scoggin's 
 Jests must needes be authenticall." ' — Halliwell, p. 14. Eabelais 
 was born about 1483 ; he began to publish his G-argantua and 
 Pantagruel in parts in 1535 ; and he died in 1553. As we have 
 no notice of an English translation before 1575, it is possible that 
 Laneham had seen the French original in his travels, and spoke 
 of that here, without thinking whether Captain Cox knew French 
 or not. 
 
 XXII. Bohin Hood. The entries before 1575 under this head- 
 ing in Mr. Hazlitt's Handbook, are 
 
 1. A geste of Eobyn hode. (A very imperfect copy of an edition 
 from the press of W. Chepman and A. Myllar, circa 1508, in 4to, 
 black letter, is in the Adv. Lib. Edinb. A perfect exemplar should 
 consist of — leaves.) 
 
 2. («.) Here begynneth a lytell geste of Eobyn hode. (Colo- 
 phon) Explycit. Kyi]ge Edwarde and Eobyn Hode & Lytell 
 Johan. Enprented at London in Flete strete at the sygne of the 
 sone By Wynken de Worde. n. d. 4to, 32 leaves. With a 
 woodcut on the title page, and Caxton's device at end. In verse. 
 Public Library, Cambridge (held to be unique). 
 
 (h.) A lytell, Geste, etc. 4to, black letter. Printed with the 
 same types as W. de Worde's edits, of Memorare Novissiraa and 
 Thordynary of Christen men. Bodleian (Donee's fragm.). 
 
 (In a bookseller's Catalogue for 1865 were several leaves of this 
 tract, ascribed to Pynson's press, but query.) 
 
 3. (fl.) A mery geste of Eobyn Hoode and of hys lyfe, wyth a 
 newe playe for to be played in Maye games very plesaunte and 
 full of pastyme. (This title is over a woodcut of Eobin Hood 
 and Little John.) (Colophon) Thus endeth the play of Eobyn 
 Hode. Imprinted at London vpon the thre Crane Wharfe by 
 wyllyam Copland, [ab. 1561.] 4to, black letter, 34 leaves, or J 2, 
 in fours. Br. Museum (Garrick). (The Geste commences on the 
 back of the title page, thus ; Here begynneth a lytell geste of 
 Eobyn hoode and his mery men, and of the proude shyryfe of 
 Notyngham : concluding on H 2 recto with, ' Thus endeth the 
 lyfe of Eobyn hode.' On H 2 verso begins the Play, and occupies 
 9 pages, ending on J 2 verso.) 
 
 4. As Eobyn Hood in Barnesdale stood. (Mentioned in 
 
 e2 
 
lii XXII. Robin Hood. 
 
 Udall's translation of ' Erasmi Apotliegmata,' 1542, but no early 
 copy has yet been found.) 
 
 5. A ballett of Eobyn hod. Licensed to John Allde in 1562-3. 
 
 As "Wyllyam Copland's edition of the Mery Geste and Play 
 is the one nearest to Laneham's time, we'll suppose that 'the 
 black Prince ' and Captain Cox had it, and say what it contains. 
 
 The well-known Lytell Geste tells in 8 fyttes how 1. Robin, — 
 with Little John, Scathelock, and Much, the miller's son, — feeds 
 and clothes, and lends £400 to, a knight who is mourning for the 
 almost certain loss of his lands, pledged for £400 to the Abbot of 
 St. Mar\''s, York, because his son has slain a Lancashire knight 
 and a squire. 2. The day for redemption of the mortgage 
 arrives ; the Abbot makes sure of getting the land, and has 
 bribed the Justice to take his side, when the knight comes to beg 
 for longer time to pay off the mortgage in, and offers to serve the 
 Abbot till he can repay him. The Abbot refuses scornfully, and 
 appeals to the Justice to declare that the place is his. On this 
 the Knight pulls out Robin's £400, and gets back his land. He 
 afterwards saves up the money, and starts with 100 bowmen, 
 carrying 100 bows etc. as a present, to pay Robin ; and on his 
 way releases a strange archer at a match, who has beaten all the 
 other shots, and is to be slain from envy. 3. Little John^ turns 
 man-servant to the Sheriff of Nottingham, gets up a row in the 
 house because he has to wait for his dinner, fights the big cook, 
 and then persuades him to join in robbing the Sheriff, and going 
 off to Robin Hood. In the forest, Little John finds the Sheriff, 
 and by a trick brings him to Robin, who makes him sleep in the 
 forest, and lets him go, on his swearing never to hurt Robin or 
 his men. 4. Little John, Much, and Scathlock, take a monk of 
 St. Mary's Abbey, York, and frighten away 50 of his 52 followers. 
 Robin gives the monk a dinner, and takes away all his gold, £800 
 and more. The knight to whom Robin had lent £400, then 
 brings it him back, with 20 marks interest, and a present of 100 
 bows with arrows, etc. Robin accepts the bows, but refuses the 
 £400, as he's already been paid by the monk of St. Mary's. He 
 then gives the knight another £400 for his bows. 5. The Sheriff 
 
 ^ He is represented in tlie woodcut on Copland's title-page as a fierce little 
 man in complete armour, witli his right hand on a very big scimitar, sheathed, 
 and his left hand carrying a battle-axe longer than himself, while Robin Hood 
 is a very tall archer, with bow, arrows, and feather to match. 
 
XXII. Robin Hood. liii 
 
 of Nottingham proclaims a shooting-match. Robin wins the 
 prize. The Sheriff tries to take him and his men ; but they make 
 good their retreat to Syr Rychard-at-the-Lee's friendly castle. 
 
 6. There the Sheriff besets them, but Sir Richard bids him off, 
 and says he'll answer to the king for his acts. To London the 
 Sheriff goes ; and the king promises him that he'll come to Not- 
 tingham in a fortnight, and take Eobin. Meantime the Sheriff 
 waylays Sir Eichard ; but his wife at once tells Eobin ; and he 
 overtakes the party, kills the Sheriff, and frees Sir Eichard. 
 
 7. The King comes to Nottingham, finds all his deer gone, and is 
 very wroth, but can't find Eobin Hood. At last, drest like an 
 Abbot and monks, the king and five of his knights soon meet 
 Eobin, are robbed of all their money, £40, and the Abbot (or 
 King) invites Eobin to dine with the King. Grlad at this, Eobin 
 !;;ives the Abbot dinner, serves him, has a shooting-matcli for him, 
 and takes a buffet from him when he, Eobin, misses putting his 
 arrow inside the rose-garland bull's-eye. Then Eobin and Sir 
 Eichard recognize the King ; kneel, and crave pardon, which is 
 granted. 8. The King gets Eobin to clothe him and his knights 
 in green; they all go together to Nottingham, and Eobin stays at 
 court for 15 months till all his money's gone. Then he journeys 
 home to ' Bernysdale ' and dwells ' in grene wode ' twenty-two 
 years, till the wicked Prioress of Kyrkesley, incited by Sir Eoger 
 of Donkestere, lets him blood, to his death. 
 
 The ' newe playe for to be played in Maye games, very plesaunte 
 and full of pastyme ' as the title-page says, or ' verye proper to be 
 played in Maye games,' as the heading on leaf H ii back (unsigned) 
 has it, is a dramatization, with changes, of ' Eobin Hood and Priar 
 Tuck,' and 'Eobin Hood and the Potter.' Eitson says in his 
 Sohin Hood Ballads that he has reprinted the Play ' in another 
 place.' Eobin tells his men how he fought with a Priar, and the 
 Friar took his purse. Who will go and fetch the Eriar? Little 
 John volunteers ; but PriarTuck appears ; and after much mutual 
 abuse the Friar takes Eobin on his back, and throws him into the 
 water. They fight ; Eobin blows for his men ; the Friar whistles 
 for his men, not dogs : — 
 
 Now cut and bause, 
 
 Bring forth the clubhes and staues, 
 
 And downe with those ragged knaves, — 
 
 when Eobin proposes to the Friar to serve him, and have not 
 
liv XXII. Robin Hood. 
 
 only golde and fee, but also ' a Lady free.' The lady or ' buckle 
 duckle ' as the Friar calls her, he eagerly accepts ; and then comes 
 the second incident. Eobin complains of a proud Potter who 
 won't pay passage-money for his use of the road. Who'll make 
 him ? Little John says that none of 'em can ; but Robin under- 
 takes to do it. Then the potter's boy appears, and Robin smashes 
 all his pots. The Potter comes up, abuses Eobin, and offers to 
 fight him with sword and buckler. Eobin accepts, tells Little 
 John 
 
 Be the knaue neuer so stoute, 
 
 1 shall rappe him on the snoute 
 And put hym to flyghte. 
 
 Thus endeth the play of Eobyn Hode. 
 
 Whether the Potter got rapt on the snowt, ' wyllyam Copland ' 
 of ' the thre Crane wharfe ' does not say ; but doubtless the play, 
 when acted, wound up with the Potter's beating and flight. 
 
 Six imperfect versions of Eobin Hood ballads differing some- 
 what from any others known are in the Percy Folio Ballads and 
 Bomances, vol. 1, p. 13-58. * Eobin Hoode his Death,' p. 50, is 
 the most important. 
 
 We know from Latimer and Stubbes what a hold the Eobin 
 Hood games had on the common folk in their days. In Henry 
 the VIlI's time Eobin was popular at Court too. Witness Hall's 
 accounts, of which here is one : — 
 
 "The kyng, sone after [Henry VIII, after 12 Jan. 1509-10] 
 came to Westminster with the Queue, and all their train : And on 
 a tyme beyng there, his grace, therles of Essex, Wilshire, and 
 other noble menne, to the number of twelue, came sodainly in a 
 mornyug into the Queues Chambre, all appareled in shorte cotes 
 of Kentishe Kendal, with hodes on their heddes, and hosen of the 
 same, euery one of them his bowe and arrowes, and a sworde and 
 a bucklar, like outlawes, or Bolyn Hades men; whereof the 
 Quene, the Ladies, and al other there, were abashed, as well for 
 the straunge sight, as also for their sodain commyng : and after 
 certain daunces, and pastime made, thai departed." HalVs 
 Chronicle, p. 513, ed. 1809. See too the Maying of 1515, when 
 the king's guard dressed up as Eobin Hood and his men, and gave 
 the king and queen a venison breakfast at Shooter's Hill, ib. 
 p. 582. 
 
 XXIII. Adam Bel, Clim of the Clough, and William ofCloudesley. 
 
XXIII, Adam Bel, Clim of the Clough, etc. Iv 
 
 Of this well-known ballad on the three bold outlaws of the north 
 we know only, 1. an early fragment which Mr. Hazlitt thinks was 
 printed by Wynkyn de Words {E. Pop. Foetry, ii. 132) and 
 which Mr. J. P. Collier said in 1865 was ' not long since dis- 
 covered as the fly-leaf to another book ' (Bill. Catal. i. 11) ; 2. a 
 complete though incorrect edition among Garrick's books in the 
 British Museum, ' Imprinted at London in Lothburye by Wyllyam 
 Copland ', doubtless after 1561, though it is not in the Stationers' 
 Eegister A. But in this MS., on leaf 24, next to an entry of a 
 license to ' William Coplande,' stands, under the year 1557-8, 
 this: 
 
 To John Kynge, to prynte tMs boke Called Adam bell &Ci ; and for bis lycenae 
 he geveth to the bowse \no sum.'] 
 
 We get a notice of another edition (no doubt) before 1575' in 
 Register B, {Collier''s Stat. Heq. ii. 155) by Awdeley who wrote 
 the 'Eraternitye of Vacdbondes,^ and was called John Sampson, or 
 Awdeley, or Sampson Awdeley. 
 
 [1581-2] 15 Januarij. 
 
 John Charlwood. Ed. of him, for his lycence to printe theis Copies hereafter 
 mentioned, &c. Copies which were Sampson Awdeleys, and now lycenced to 
 the said John Charlwood &c. . . . Adam Bell. 
 
 Some pleasant talk and bibliographical cram on the ballad and 
 its subject, the reader will find in Mr. Hazlitt's introduction to it 
 in Early Pop. Poetry, ii. 131, and Mr. Collier's Bibl. Catal. i. 11, 
 while a slightly differing copy of the ballad is in the Percy Folio 
 Ballads, iii. 76-101. The story of the ballad is so widely known 
 as hardly to need mention. William Cloudesley goes from the 
 green forest to see his wife and children in the town : there he is 
 betrayed by an old woman he has kept for charity 7 years ; his 
 house is burnt, and he taken, and condemned to die. Adam Bell 
 and Clim of the Clough get into the town, cut Cloudesley loose 
 at the foot of the gallows, rescue him, and all get away to the 
 merry greenwood. There Cloudesley finds his wife and children ; 
 then goes with his son to London, and, by the Queen's interces- 
 sion, gains the King's pardon for himself and his friends. But 
 afterwards, when the King hears of 300 men, the Mayor, Con- 
 
 ' 'No book with a date being known from Awdeley's press after 1576,' 
 {Collier's Stat. Eeg. ii. 156.) 
 
 " See our edition of it, with Harman's Caueat, etc., E. E. Text Soc. Extra 
 Series 1869. 
 
Ivi XXIV. Lydgate's " Churl and the Burd." 
 
 stables, Catchpolls, Bailiffs, Beadles, and Serjeaut-at-law, of Car- 
 lisle, all slain by the outlaws, — besides 40 of his own foresters, — 
 he regrets that he hasn't hanged the outlaws all three. Cloudesley 
 then beats all the king's archers, and, like Tell and other mythic 
 folk, splits an apple on his son's head at sixscore paces with an 
 arrow, is made a gentleman, his wife chief gentlewoman of the 
 Queen's nursery ; and all the three outlaws live with the King, and 
 die good yeomen all. Thus were the merry men wont to ' fleet the 
 time carelessly, as they did in the golden world.' 
 
 XXIV. The Churl and the Burd. Of this popular poem by Lyd- 
 gate we have no less than seven printed editions before Captain 
 Cox's time, besides more manuscript copies. Caxton's first edition, 
 about 1479, is in the University Library, Cambridge ; his second, 
 about 1480, is in the York Chapter Library, and has been 
 reprinted for the Eoxburghe Club. Wynkyn de Worde's first 
 edition was printed in Caxton's house, about 1500 a.d. ; his second 
 ' in the Fletestrete in the sygue of the Sonne,' and a copy is in 
 the University Libr. Cambr. Of Pynson's edition a copy is in the 
 Grenville collection in the British Museum. Johan Mychell's 
 edition was *pri?«ted at Canterbury in Saynte Paules parysshe' 
 about 1540, and copies are among Selden's books in the Bodleian, 
 and at Bridgewater House. Lastly, Wylliam Copland's edition 
 was ' Imprented at London in Lothburi ouer against Sainct Mar- 
 garytes church ' after 1561, and was reprinted by Ashmole in his 
 Theatrum Ohemicum, 1652, 4to. In 1840 Mr. Halliwell printed 
 the poem from the Harl. MS. 116, leaves 146-152, in his Minor 
 Poems of Dan John Lydgate for the Percy Society, p. 179-193. 
 There must be several other MS. copies of it. The moral of the 
 poem, translated ' out of the Frenssh,' and that taken from the 
 Latin, is, that you're not to be too fast to believe all the tales 
 you hear, not to cry for spilt milk, and not to covet what you 
 can't get. A Churl is very fond of his garden, and adorns it with 
 trees, alleys, a fountain, etc. On a laurel in its midst, a beautiful 
 gold-bright Bird sings often 'a verray hevenly melodye.' This 
 Bird the Churl catches, and proposes to put it in a cage to sing 
 to him. But the Bird says it can't sing in thraldom, only in 
 liberty ; the Churl'd better let it go, and then it'll come and sing to 
 him every day, and will also tell him ' thre grete wysdoms . . . more 
 of valewe . . . thane al the golde that is shet in [his] cofre.' On this 
 the Churl sets the Bird free : and the Bird tells him 1. Give not 
 
XXIV. Churl and Bur d. XXV. Seaven Wise Masters, Ivii 
 
 too basty credence to every tale or tiding ; 2. Desire not a thing 
 which it is impossible to recover ; 3. ' For tvesoure loste, niaketb^ 
 never to [=too] gret sorowe.' Then the Bird tells the Churl 
 that he's been a great fool to free her, for she has, inside her, a 
 wondrous jagounce stone which would have made him victorious 
 in battle, given him plenty of treasure, kept him from all hurt, 
 made every one love him, kept his heart light, etc. The Churl 
 believes it all, feels his heart part in twain at the treasure he has 
 thus lost, and bitterly laments that he has misst the chance of 
 living like a king. Then the Bird comes back and mocks him, 
 says it's all nonsense, and his dull wits have forgotten all her 3 
 wisdoms ; she warned him not to believe every tale he heard, not 
 to sorrow for things suddenly lost, not to covet what he couldn't 
 recover. He's broken all three maxims ; it's no good teaching a 
 churl terras of gentleness ; and so she flies her way. 
 
 XXV. The Seaven Wise Masters. This set of stories is better 
 known to manuscript men by its verse title of " The Seven Sages," 
 as Weber has printed it from the incomplete earliest English 
 text in the Auchinleck MS. ab. 1320-30 a. d., with a head and 
 tail from the later Cotton MS. Gralba E is. — ' The Proces of the 
 Sevyn Sages,' — in his Metrical Romances, i. 1-153, and Mr. 
 Thomas Wright has printed it from the MS. Dd. i. 17, in the 
 Cambridge University Library, for the Percy Society, 1845, with 
 a separate long Introduction, to which I must refer the reader. 
 M. Paulin Paris and divers French and Grerman critics have 
 written on the subject since. The earliest English prose version 
 known to us — made from the early printed Latin Historia Sej)tem 
 Sapientuirv' — was printed by Wynkyn de Worde : 
 
 Here tegynneth. th.ystorye of y*. vii. Wyse Maysters of rome conteynyng 
 rj'ght fayre & ryglit ioyous narracions, & to y^ reder ryght delectable. [Col.] 
 Thus endeth the treatyse of the seuen sages or wyse maysters of Rome. En- 
 prented in flet strete in y* sygne of the sone by me Wynliyn de worde. [^circa 
 1505.] 4to, black letter, 80 leaves. With several page woodcuts. Brit. 
 Museum. [SazUtt.) Incomplete. One cut is repeated for each Tale of the 
 Empress, and another cut for each Tale of the Masters ; but it's a pretty book. 
 
 The next is Wyllyam Copland's (? 1548-1560) at the sygne of the 
 Eose G-arland. Of two editions entered as licensed in the Sta- 
 tioners' Eegisters we know no copy : 1558 a.d., If. 31, " Thomas 
 marshe / Thomas marshe ys lycensed to prynte y® pronostication 
 
 * make ye. ^ Ellis's Specimens, p. 409 (Bohn). 
 
Iviii XX V^. The Seaven Wise Masters. 
 
 of Lewes Vaugban; Bevys of hainpton; The vij wyse masters of 
 Eome. [etc.] . . . xx<?." a.d. 1566, MS. leaf 141. " purfoote / ^ of 
 Thomas purfoote, for his lycense for prynting of a boke intituled 
 the vij masters of Eome &c. / . . . vjc?." 
 
 Mr. Hazlitt enters two early editions of a poetical version, but 
 the second is not noticed in the Stationers' Register A, and the 
 first is too early for it : — 
 
 {a.) " Sage and prudente Sajoiges of the Seuen wyse Men, in English. Verse, 
 by Robert Burrant, with a Comment. Lond. by Rich. Grafton, 1553. Sm. 
 8vo, black letter. 
 
 {b.) Lond. by John Tisdale, 1560. Sm. 8vo, black letter. 
 
 As Captain Cox couldn't have had the poetical version from 
 the MS. noticed above, and I don't know where any copy of 
 Grafton's or Tisdale's edition is, we will assume that the Captain 
 had the prose book, and sketch it as well as we can from the im- 
 perfect copy of "Wynkyn de Worde's edition in the Museum. 
 
 When the wife of Poncianus, Emperor of Eome, dies, she be- 
 seeches her husband not to let the 2nd wife that he'll take, have 
 any control over her son Dyoclesian^ She dies, and the Emperor 
 gives his boy over to the care of Seven Wise Masters, 1. Pantyllas, 
 2. Lentulus, 3. Craton, 4. Malquydrac, 5. Josephus, 6. Cleophas, 
 7 not named. Then, urged by his lords, the Emperor marries 
 again ; but his second wife cannot conceive, and therefores wishes 
 and plots the death of his son Dyoclesian. {Leaf B i. out. The 
 Empress gets the Emperor to send for his son. The youth, after 
 16 years' training, finds from the stars that unless he keeps dumb 
 for 7 days, he'll be killed ;) and so, when Dyoclesian comes to 
 the palace, he won't speak to his father. The Empress takes him 
 to her room, says she wants to have joy of his person, and shows 
 him her breasts and body. He rejects her advances, and she 
 screams, and declares he's tried to violate her. The Emperor 
 orders his son to be hanged, but his lords persuade him to put 
 the youth in prison, and have him tried. The Empress is angry at 
 this, and by a tale {^Empress I.) warns the Emperor that he'll meet 
 with the fate of the burgess of Eome who {lea/B 6 out) had a tree 
 with an ' imp ' or sucker, had the old tree cut down to let the 
 sucker grow, and when that was a tree, cut that down too. Thus 
 Dyoclesian will cut down the Emperor. On this the Emperor 
 orders Dyoclesian to be taken to execution ; but as he's going 
 
 * In Mlis, the Emperor is Diocletian, and the son Florentin. 
 
XXV. Tne Seaven Wise Masters. lix 
 
 there, Pancyllas stops him, and tells the Emperor a tale (Mas- 
 ters I.) of how a wife, not looking under an upset cradle for her 
 child, persuaded her husband to kill his best greyhound, which had, 
 in fact, upset the cradle while killing a serpent who was trying to 
 bite the child. The Emperor respites his son for that day ; but 
 then the Empress tells him another tale that makes him order 
 his son's death ; and the next Master tells him another that makes 
 him countermand it. So they go on till, after the seven days, 
 Dyoclesian can speak, and expose his step-mother, who is then 
 handed over to the law, to be judged to death. The tales or 
 ' examples,' after the first on each side given above, are : 
 
 impress II. The Soar and the Shepherd. An Emperor pro- 
 mises his only daughter to the man who'll kill a great boar. A 
 shepherd tries to do it, climbs up a tree, and throws down fruit to 
 the boar which it eats till it gets to sleep. Then the shepherd holds 
 on to the tree with one hand, claws the boar's back with the other, 
 and at last drives his knife into its heart. 
 
 Masters II. (leaf C 6 out.) The Husband out of doors. A 
 burgess of Rome marries a fair proud well-born girl. At nights 
 she leaves him when she thinks he's asleep, and goes to her lover. 
 Now, as the Roman watch take up all persons found in the streets 
 after curfew, put 'em in prison for the night, flog 'em, and set 
 'em in the pillory next day, the old husband one night locks his 
 door while his wife's out, to let her get punished. She begs hard 
 for admission, says she'll drown herself rather than be shamed, 
 and then drops a big stone into a well. The old husband, taken-in 
 by this, rushes down-stairs to the well, lamenting his drowned 
 wife ; but she slips in-doors, locks the old man out, and there the 
 watch catch him, and give him the customary punishment. 
 
 Empress III. The Father murdered by his son. A spendthrift 
 knight gets his son to help him rob the Emperor Octavian's trea- 
 sure, by digging a hole under the tower it's kept in. To catch 
 the thief, the treasurer puts a vessel filled with pitch and gums 
 into the hole. Father and son come again ; the father falls into 
 the vessel up to his neck, and tells his son to cut his head off, and 
 then run home. The son does this. To find out the robber, the 
 father's dead body is drawn through the streets. "When his 
 daughters see it, they shriek, and the officers rush up ; but the son 
 wounds his mouth, and declares his sisters shrieked at that. So 
 they avoid discovery : the father's body is hung up, and the son 
 doesn't bury it or his head. 
 
Ix XXV. The Seaven Wise Masters. 
 
 Masters III. The Magpie. A. merchant has a fair false wife, 
 whose misdeeds his magpie tells him, and he upbraids her for 
 them. One time that he is away, his wife lets in her lover, and 
 the Magpie declares he'll tell his master. The wife gets up a 
 ladder to the roof of the house, makes a hole in it, and pours sand, 
 stones, and water, on the Magpie. When the merchant comes 
 home, the Magpie tells him of his wife having her lover last night 
 when snow, hail, and rain, fell on the pie's back. The wife declares 
 it's all a lie ; the weather was quite fair. So too say all the neigh- 
 bours ; and accordingly the merchant wrings the Magpie's neck. 
 Then he sees the ladder, and pots of sand, stones, and water ; and 
 goes off sorrowing to the Holy Land. [Comp. Chaucer's Man- 
 ciple's Tale.] 
 
 Empress IV} The JEmperor [Seroiodes, Ellis] and Merlin. 
 An Emperor has 7 wise Masters who make him blind whenever 
 he goes out of his palace, and who oppress his people, and charge 
 them a florin apiece for every dream they interpret. At length 
 the Emperor threatens the 7 Masters with death unless they cure 
 him. They can't do it, but, hearing a wise child. Merlin, interpret 
 a dream truly, they take him to the Emperor. The child orders 
 the Emperor's bedclothes etc. to be taken off, and there appears a 
 well, with 7 springs, which are the 7 wise Masters. By Merlin's 
 direction, the 7 Masters' heads are cut off", the springs and well 
 vanish, and the Emperor regets his sight. 
 
 Masters IV. The old wise man loho bleeds his naughty wife. 
 A wise old knight is persuaded to marry the fair young daughter 
 of the Provost of Eome ; but he lies too still in bed for her, and 
 so she resolves to have in the Priest, as spiritual men keep such 
 things more secret than laymen^. However, her mother persuades 
 her to try her husband first, and see whether he'll stand her 
 adultery. So, she tries him thrice, 1. she cuts down his favourite 
 tree in his garden, 2. she kills his favourite greyhound before his 
 eyes, 3. at a feast they give their friends, she pulls the tablecloth 
 and everything on it, off" the table on to the ground. Then the 
 old knight tames her ; has a barber up, and makes him bleed her 
 in both arms till she thinks she'll die ; when she repents, and 
 says 'The deuyll may the preest confounde and shame. I wyl 
 neuer loue other but my husbonde.' (See Le Menagier, i. 164-5.) 
 
 ^ This is the Empress's 6th tale in Ellis. 
 
 ^ See Le Menagier de Paris, vol. i. p. 162 : " Mere," dit la fille, " j'aiineray 
 Ic chapellain de ceste ville, car prestres et religieux craingnent honte, et sont 
 
XXV. The Seaven Wise Masters, Ixi 
 
 Empress V. Is the story of Virgilius and his Images (above, p. 
 xlii) or Cressus, tJie rich man, as Ellis calls it : how 4 knights, ene- 
 mies of Rome, persuade the Emperor to let them undermine Vir- 
 gilius's tower and break his images ; and how the Eomans pour 
 molten gold down the Emperor's throat, and are themselves all de- 
 stroyed by their enemies. Another short incident is, how Virgil's 
 light, and his hot and cold baths for the citizens, are destroyed. 
 
 Masters V. Hippocrates and his nephew (Ellis), or Ypocras 
 and Galienus. The famous physician Ypocras has a clever nephew, 
 Gralienus, whom he teaches, and sends to the King of TJngary to 
 cure his son. Having seen the child's urine and felt its pulse — 
 ' tasted his pounces ' — Galienus says the child is not the King's 
 son. The Queen says it is, and threatens the doctor; but is at 
 last obliged to confess that the Kyng of Burgondyen is its father. 
 Then Galienus can prescribe for it, gives it ' to ete, beef, or of an 
 oxe to drywke,' cures it, goes home, and tells Ypocras what he 
 has done. The old uncle, filled with envy, gets Galienus to stoop 
 to pick a herb, and kills him. After that, Ypocras falls sick unto 
 death, and dies because his nephew is not there to help him. 
 
 Empress VI. The Emperor and his Steward's Wife. A very 
 ugly Emperor resolves to attack TJome, and take away the bodies 
 of Peter and Paul. He also wants a fair woman to lie with him, 
 and offers his steward £1000 to get him one. The steward, to 
 get the money, takes his own Wife to the Emperor, who likes her 
 so much that he won't let her go again ; and when the Steward 
 confesses she's his own wife, the Emperor banishes him. Then 
 the Emperor proposes to attack Eome, but 6 of the Wise Masters 
 dissuade him from it for 6 days ; and on the 7th, the 7th Master 
 clothes himself in a marvellous vesture of peacocks' and other 
 birds' tails, and stands on the highest tower with 2 bright swords 
 in his mouth. The Emperor and his host take the Master for 
 ' Jhesus, the god of y^ crysten folke,' flee, and are nearly all killed 
 by the Romans. 
 
 Masters VI. The Murderous Knight and his Wife. A poor 
 knight has a fair young wife who sings well, and accepts the offers 
 of 3 knights to give her 100 florins each, and lie with her. She 
 then persuades her husband to let them in at the gate one after 
 the other, at difterent times, take their money, and cut off their 
 
 plus secrets. Je ne vouldroie jamais amer un chevalier, car il se vanteroit 
 plus tost, et gaberoit de moy, et me demanderoit mes gages [?] & engager." 
 
Ixii XXV. The Seaven Wise Masters. 
 
 heads. Then the trouble is to get rid of the bodies. Her brother 
 is governor of the watch at Eome, and she makes up a story to 
 him, that her husband quarrelled with a friend and killed him. 
 The brother takes the corpse in a sack, and throws it into the 
 sea. But no sooner has he got back to his sister's, than she says, 
 "The knight you cast into the sea has come back again," and so 
 she makes hira get rid of the 2nd corpse, and then the 3rd. To 
 make sure of the 3rd, her brother burns it ; and when he after- 
 wards sees a strange knight warming himself at the fire, he thinks 
 it is the corpse come to life a 4th time, and therefore throws the 
 knight and his horse into the fire. After a time the wife and her 
 husband fall out, and he smites her. She waxes angry, and says 
 * O wretche ! wyll ye kylle me as ye haue done the thre 
 kayghtes .<"' This is over-heard ; and the husband and wife are 
 found out, 'drawen atte an horse tayll, and hanged vppon the 
 galowes.' 
 
 Empress VII. The tioo Dreams^, or The King that didn't hnow 
 his own Wife. A king loves his wife so, that he locks her up in a 
 strong castle, and keeps the key himself. She and a knight in far 
 parts each dream of the other, though neither has seen that other. 
 The knight searches for, and finds, the Queen ; she throws him a 
 letter ; he does valiant deeds at her husband's court, gets his leave 
 to build a place near his tower, and has a secret passage made into 
 it. There the Queen yields to him, and gives liim a ring that the 
 King had given her. This the king sees one day ; and the knight 
 has to sham ill, and get home to the Queen and give her back the 
 ring, to prevent being found out. Then the knight first gets the 
 Queen to dress up in foreign clothes as his love, and entertains 
 the king at a feast ; and secondly, the knight gets the King to give 
 the Queen away to him as his bride, at his wedding. The wedded 
 couple set sail ; and the king discovers the trick, but too late. 
 
 Masters VII. The ungrateful Widow. A loving knight dies of 
 distress at having accidentally cut his wife's finger. She at first 
 pretends to be very sorry, and refuses comfort ; but afterwards, to 
 make another knight marry her, — a sheriflF who has let some one 
 steal a thief's body from the gallows, — helps to take up her hus- 
 band's corpse, and then mangles it frightfully — knocks its teeth 
 out, wounds its head, and cuts off" its ears and stones. — Then she 
 claims fulfilment of the Sheriff''s promise to marry her ; but he re- 
 ' In Ellis, this is made the Wise Masters' 7th story. 
 
XXV. The Seaven Wise Masters, Ixiii 
 
 proaches her for ill-treating her first husband's corpse, and cuts 
 her head off. 
 
 After this, Dyoclesyan exposes his step-mother's adultery, and 
 her attempt to corrupt him ; she is left to the law ; and Dyocle- 
 syan tells a concluding tale or Example : 
 
 Dyoclesyan^ s Tale. The Two Friends: Alexander and Lodo- 
 ivyJce} A knight had a son whom he gave up to a master of a far 
 country to teach. "When the son came back, a nightingale sang, 
 and the Father askt his boy to tell him what the bird said. ' That 
 I shall become a great lord ; my father shall bring water to wash 
 my hands, and my mother shall hold my towel.' For this the 
 father throws the boy into the sea ; but he swims to a land, is 
 pickt up by a ship, and sold to a Duke, with whom he grows into 
 favour. Three Eavens follow the King of this Duke wherever he 
 goes ; and he ofi"ers his daughter and realm to whoever will rid 
 him of the Eavens. The boy tells him that the Eavens have a 
 dispute : they are father, mother, and child. In a time of famine, 
 the mother left the child and flew away, while the father stopt 
 with it and fed it ; yet now the mother wants the child ; so does 
 the father : which is to have it ? If the King gives right judg- 
 ment, the Eavens will trouble him no more. The King gives 
 judgment for the Father, and is free of his pests. The boy, Alex- 
 ander, stays with the king (of Egypt) for a time, then goes to the 
 court of the great Emperor Tytus. There he is made Carver ; 
 and Lodowyke, the king of France's son, who is very like Alex- 
 ander, but weaker, is made cupbearer. Lodowyke falls violently 
 in love with Florentyne, Tytus's daughter ; and Alexander makes 
 her such rich presents for his friend, that she lets Lodowyke come 
 to her at night whenever he likes. Alexander is then called home 
 by the death of the king of Egypt, and Guydo, son of the King of 
 Spain, is appointed Carver in his place. Guydo soon finds out, 
 and tells the Emperor of, Lodowyke's tricks with his daughter. 
 Lodowyke denies them, and challenges Guydo ; but as he is weak, 
 and Guydo strong, Florentyne bids him go to Alexander. He 
 does so, and finds Alexander preparing for his marriage, and 
 unable to put it ofi"; but as Guydo must be fought, Alexander 
 leaves Lodowyke to personate him, and marry his bride, while he 
 
 ' Compare the Prince's Tale in Ellis. The present one comprises that and 
 another old story. 
 
Ixiv XXV. The Seaven Wise Masters. 
 
 goes back to fight Guydo. This is done accordingly, Alexander, 
 after a hard struggle, cuts off Guydo's head, and explains his 
 victory to the Emperor by the fact that God always favours the 
 innocent. Lodowyke marries Alexander's bride, but lays a naked 
 sword between her and himself at night. Then Alexander returns, 
 and the sword is no longer needed ; but his wife is so indignant 
 at her supposed husband's long neglect of her charms, that she 
 gives her love to another old lover, and with him concocts a 
 poison for Alexander, which nearly kills him, and quite turns him 
 into a leper. Then they dethrone him, and he goes, as a leprous 
 beggar, to Lodowyke, who, by the death of his father and Tytus, 
 has become Emperor of Rome and Erance. Eor Alexander's sake, 
 Lodowyke lets the leprous beggar eat before him, and drink out 
 of his own cup ; and vrhen the beggar makes himself known, 
 Lodowyke treats him with the greatest kindness. It is then 
 revealed to Lodowyke, that by killing his twin sons, and washing 
 Alexander in their blood, he can cure him. Lodowyke at once 
 cuts his boys' tliroats, and heals Alexander, and then sends him 
 some way off, that he may come again as a visitor to him. Eloren- 
 tyne is overjoyed to see Alexander; and when Lodowyke asks 
 her whether, if Alexander had been like the leprous beggar, she'd 
 give her twins' lives to cure him, she says ' Tes ! ten sons if I had 
 them. We owe our lives and all our happines to him !' Lodo- 
 wyke then tells her that her boys are dead ; but notwithstanding 
 they are soon found, singing praises to the Virgin, with a gold 
 thread round their throats where the knife cut. Lodowyke 
 restores Alexander to his kingdom of Egypt, burns to powder his 
 wife and her paramour, and gives him his own sister in marriage. 
 Then Alexander, as King of Egypt, visits his father and mother; 
 his father holds the basin and water for him, and his mother holds 
 the towel ; on which he reminds them of the nightingale's song, 
 and their son, who he is. 
 
 Dyoclesyan's father offers to give-up the Empire to him ; but he 
 refuses it, helps his father till he dies, and then reigns long and 
 happily. On the history and sources of this Komance of the 
 Seven Sages, see the Introduction to it in Ellis, the preliminary 
 essay in Warton's History of English Poetry, Mr. T. Wright's 
 Preface or Essay for the Percy Society, M. Paulin Paris, etc., on 
 the Erench Dolopathos, besides numerous Germans. 
 
 XXVI. The Wife Lapt in a Morels Skin. This is an interesting 
 
XXVI. The iVife lapt in a Morels Skin. Ixv 
 
 and aninsing old poem on the Charming or Taming of a Shrew, 
 long before Shakspere's famous play, of which the quarto edition 
 bears date 1594. The only old edition now known is, 
 
 Here begynneth a merry Jeste of a skr-ewde and curste Wyfe, lapped in 
 Morrelles skin, for her good behauyour. Imprinted at London in Fleetestrete, 
 benethe the Conduite, at the signe of Saint John Euangelist, by H. Jackson. 
 (No date, 4to, 23 leaves.) 
 
 Modern reprints are Mr. Utterson's in his Select Pieces of Tlarly 
 Popular Poetry, 1817 ; Mr. T. Amyot's for the Shakespeare So- 
 ciety, 1844 ; Mr. W. C. Hazlitt's, in his excellent Early Popular 
 Poetry, vol. iv. p. 179-226, a.d. 1866. The Poem tells, in 1114 
 lines, how a good meek man had a curst wife — that is, one with 
 the devil's own temper — and two daughters, one meek like him- 
 self, and the other curst like her mother ; how the meek daughter 
 got well married; and how, notwithstanding the father's strong 
 warnings, a young man would marry the curst daughter. The 
 courtship, the getting the mother's consent, as well as the girl's 
 and the father's, the wedding- feast, first night and next morning, 
 are all capitally told. The new couple begin business, and every- 
 thing goes well till the curst bride falls foul of her husband's ser- 
 vants, and then, on his reproving her, abuses him violently. He, 
 much grieved-, rides away to let his wife's temper blow over ; but 
 when he comes back, she abuses him worse than before. So he 
 has his blind old horse, Morell, killed and flayed; salts the skin 
 that it mayn't stink, and gets a stock of new birch brooms. Then 
 he asks her whether she will be master : she swears she will, and 
 hits him ; on which he catches her up, and locks her in the cellar. 
 There they have a regular wrestling-match ; he throws her, tears 
 her smock off" her back, and lays into her well with a rod in each 
 hand till she bleeds freely, and swoons. Then he wraps her in 
 old Morell's salted hide, which makes her smart ; and he declares 
 he'll keep her in it all her life. On this, she promises to amend, 
 and obey him ; and he promises never to hurt her again. Her 
 sores are soon cured ; and, to test her, her husband gives a feast 
 to his father- and mother-in-law, and friends, and makes his wife 
 wait on them. This she dutifully does, to her mother's great 
 disgust. The mother abuses her son-in-law for his cruelty, and 
 vows she'll see his heart's blood for it. But he tells the old 
 woman that if she doesn't keep quiet, he'll make her dance too, 
 and put her in old Morell's hide. She thinks he means what he 
 
 / 
 
Ixvi XXVll. The Sak full of Nuez. 
 
 says, and gets out of the house as soon as dinner is done. All the 
 neighbours hold that the bridegroom has done right ; and, says 
 the author unknown. 
 
 He that can charme a shrewde wyfe 
 
 Better then thus, 
 Let him come to me, and fetch ten pound 
 
 And a golden purse. 
 
 XXVII. The Sahfull of Nuez. This story-book or jest-book was 
 licensed to John Kynge, with two other books, in 1557-8, "a 
 sacke full of newes" (Stat. Eeg. A, leaf 22; Collier, i. 3). It 
 was afterwards Awdeley's, and then licensed to John Charlwood 
 on 15 Jan. 1581-2, and to Edward White on 5 Sept. 1586 {Collier, 
 ii. 155, 215) but the earliest edition now known is, says Mr. W. 
 C. Hazlitt, that of 1673 ; from which Mr. Halliwell reprinted it 
 in 1861, and Mr. Hazlitt also reprinted it in his Old English 
 Jest Boohs, second series, p. 163. It is a collection of 22 tales, 
 of which Mr. Hazlitt has in his edition suppressed two, as being 
 too gross for publication. I take a sample at random, from 
 p. 173-4. " There was a priest in the country which had christned 
 a child ; and when he had christned it, he and the dark were 
 bidden to the drinking that should be there; and thither they 
 went with other people ; and being there, the priest drunk, and 
 made so merry, that he was quite foxed, and thought to go home 
 before he laid him down to sleep. But having gone a little way, 
 he grew so drousie that he could go no further, but laid him down 
 by a ditch side, so that his feet did hang in the water, and, lying 
 on his back, the Moon shined in his face. Thus he lay, till the 
 rest of the company came from drinking ; who, as they came home, 
 found the priest lying as aforesaid, and they thought to get him 
 away ; but, do what they could, he would not rise, but said : ' do 
 not meddle with me, for I lie very well, and will not stir hence 
 before morning : but, I pray, lay some more cloathes on my feet, 
 and blow out the candle, and let me lie and take my rest.' " 
 
 XXVIII. The Seargeaunt that became a Fryar. This is a jocose 
 poem of 288 lines, said to be by Sir Thomas More, and printed in 
 the postumous 1557 edition of his English Worhes. An earlier edi- 
 tion of it, " A mery Gest how a Sergeaunt wolde lerne to be a 
 Prere" was "Enprynted at London by me, Julyan Notary, 
 dwellyng in Powlys churchc yarde, at the weste dore, at the synge 
 of saynt Marke," no date, 4to, black letter, 4 leaves ; and another 
 
XXVIII. The Fryar-Seargeaunt. XXIX. Skogan. Ixvii 
 
 edition was " Imprinted at London by Eycharde Jhones," also 
 without date, in 4to, in one little volume with, but after, The 
 Mylner of Abyngdon} Erom this edition of Jhones's, collated 
 with that in Sir T. More's WorTces, Mr. W. C. Hazlitt printed 
 the poem in his Marly Popular Foetry, iii. 119-129. The moral 
 of the tale is, that a man who has been brought up to one trade 
 shouldn't take to another, but stick to his own business. A young 
 spendthrift drinks away all the money his father has left him, and 
 then borrows more, right and left, which he squanders ' in mirth 
 and play.' Then he goes to 'Saint Katherine' — wherever that may 
 be, — and defies his creditors. One of them asks a Serjeant how to 
 proceed ; and the Serjeant undertakes to arrest the Debtor. The 
 Serjeant accordingly disguises himself as a Friar, gets admission 
 to the Debtor's room, and there tries to arrest him. But the 
 Debtor knocks the Serjeant down, and they have a regular fight. 
 At last 'the maide and wife ' of the place come up, and beat the 
 Priar-Serjeant about the noil and crown ' till he was well nighe 
 slaine.' Then they throw him headlong down stairs; and the 
 author counsels every man, " His own crafte use ; all newe re- 
 fuse." 
 
 XXIX. Skogan. On this old collection of Jests, which is attri- 
 buted to Andrew Boorde, I have commented in my Forewords to 
 Boorde's Introduction and Dyetary for the Early English Text So- 
 ciety's Extra Series, 1870. I do not believe it to be Boorde's work, 
 though " many of the Jests turn on doctors and medicine . . . and 
 many are concerned with Oxford life, which we assume Boorde to 
 have passed through. Head the Prologue to the Jests : 
 
 " There is nothing beside the goodness of G-od, that preserves 
 health so much as honest mirth used at dinner and supper, and 
 mirth towards bed, as it doth plainly appear in the Directions for 
 Health : therefore considering this matter, that mirth is so neces- 
 sary for man, I publish this Book, named The Jests of Scogin, to 
 make men merry : for amongst divers other Books of grave mat- 
 ters I have made, my delight had been to recreate my mind in 
 making something merry ; wherefore I do advertise every man, in 
 avoiding pensiveness, or too much study or melancholy, to be 
 
 ' " A ryght pleasaunt and merye Historie of the Mylner of Abyngdon, with 
 his wife, and his fayre daughter, and of two pore scholers of Cambridge. 
 "Where-vnto is adioyned another merye jest of a Sargeaunt that would have 
 learned to be a iryar." 4to, li leaves. The Mylner is not by Andrew Boorde. 
 
 /2 
 
Ixviii XXIX, Skogan. 
 
 merry with honesty in God, and for God, whom I humbly beseech 
 to send us the mirth of Heaven, Amen. 
 
 " and then compare it with the extracts from Boorde's Breuiary 
 on Mirth and honest Company, p. 88, etc.^; lastly, compare the first 
 Jest with Boorde's chapters on Urines in his Extrmiagantes, and 
 remark the striking coincidence between the Jest's physician 
 saying, ' Ah ... a water or urine is but a strtoonpet ; a man may 
 be deceived in a water,' and Boorde's declaring that urine 'is a 
 strumpet or an harlot, for it wyl lye; and the best doctour of 
 Phisicke of them all maye be deceyued in an vryne, and his cun- 
 nyng and learning not a tote the worse.' {JExtrauagantes, Fol. 
 xxi. back.)" 
 
 " Scogin's Jests, an idle thing unjustly fathered upon Dr. Boorde, 
 have been often printed in Duck Lane," says Anthony a Wood, 
 Ath. 0x071, i 172. The first edition known to us is in the Bodleian, 
 A.D. 1613; the second is in the British Museum: "The first and 
 best parts of Scoggins lests: full of witty Mirth and pleasant 
 Shifts done by liim in France and other Places; being a Preser- 
 uatiue against Melancholy. Gathered by An. Boord, Dr of 
 Physicke." London, F. "Williams, 1626. Lowndes names an 
 earlier edition in black letter, vmdated. The work was licensed 
 to Colwel in 1566- {Collier's Stat. Reg. i. 120). We see that Lane- 
 ham doesn't give Slcoggan to " Doctor Boord," as he does the 
 Breuiary of Health. " A. B." may be Any Body, and some of 
 the stories are old ones put into Scogin's mouth, like the following 
 from the edition of 1796, which is altered a little from one in The 
 Seven Sages (No. XXV, p. Ix, above), and Le Menagier de Paris, 
 1393, p. 158-65. 
 
 How Scogin caused his wife to he let Hood. 
 After that Scogin's wife had played this prank, she used so long 
 to go a gossiping, that if her husband had spoken any word con- 
 trary to her mind, she would crow against him, that all the street 
 should ring of it. Scogin thought it was time to break his wife 
 of such matters, and said to her, " I wish you would take other 
 ways, or else I will displease you." "Displease me!" said she, 
 "beware that you do not displease yourself!" "yea," said Scogin, 
 " I will see that one day, how you will displease me :" she still con- 
 tinued her approbrious words : at last, Scogin called her into a 
 
 * Of my ed. of the Introduction and Dyetary. - lb. p. 31. 
 
XXIX. Skogcn. XXX. Colly n Clout. Ixix 
 
 chamber, and took one of his servants with him, and said to her 
 " Dame, you have a little hot and proud blood about your heart, 
 and in your stomach ; and if it be not let out, it will infect you 
 and many more ; therefore be content ; there is no remedy but 
 that blood must be let out:" "I defie thee," said Scogin's wife, 
 and was up in the house top : " yea !" said he : " come," said 
 Scogin to his servant, " and let us bind her to this form." She 
 scratched and clawed them by the faces, and spurned them with 
 her feet so long, that she was weary : so at the last she was bound 
 hand and foot to a form. "Now," said Scogin to his servant, 
 " go fetch a chyrurgeon, or a barber that can let blood." The 
 servant weiit and brought a surgeon. Scogin said to him, " sir, 
 it is so, that my wife is mad, and doth rave ; and I have been with 
 physicians, and they have counselled me to let her blood : she hath 
 infectious blood about the heart, and I would have it out:" 
 " sir," said the chyrurgeon, " it shall be done." Scogin said, 
 " she is so mad, she is bound to a form ;" " the better for that," 
 said the surgeon : when Scogin and tbe surgeon entered into the 
 chamber, she made an exclamation upon Scogin. Then said 
 Scogin, " you may see that my wife is mad ; I pray you let her 
 bleed both in the arm and the foot, and under the tongue:" 
 Scogin and his man held out her arm, and they opened a vein 
 named Cardica. When she had bled well, "now stop that vein," 
 said Scogin, " and let her blood under the foot." When she saw 
 that, " sir, said she, forgive me, and I will never displease you 
 hereafter :" " well," said Scogin, " if you do so, then I do think it 
 shall be best for us both." By this tale is proved, that it is a 
 shrewd hurt that maketh the body fare the worse, and an unhappy 
 house where the woman is master. 
 
 There are 59 anecdotes of Scogin and his tricks in the edition 
 of 1796 ; but the one above will perhaps be enough for the reader. 
 
 XXX. Collyn Clout. This is the well-known vigorous satire of 
 Skelton^, poet-laureat to Henry VIII, against the pride and ill 
 deeds of Cardinal Wolsey-, the clergy, monks, and friars ; the 
 
 * I assume that it is not Barnes's skit against Andrew Boorde for his attack 
 on heards, — " The treatyse answerynge the hoke of Berdes, compyled by Collyn 
 Clowte, dedycatyd to Bamarde barber, dwellyng in Banbery " (1542 or 1543 ?), 
 reprinted at the end of my edition of Boorde' s Introduction etc. 1870, p. 305-316. 
 
 2 Skelton's special satire against Wolsey is his " Why come ye nat to Gourte ?" 
 Works, ed. Dyce, ii. 26. Compare Eoy's bitterer satire against the Cardinal, 
 Rede me and be not wroth, 1527 ; and the Impeachment of Wolsey in my ' Ballads 
 from Manuscripts,' Ft. 2, Ballad Soc. 1871. 
 
Ixx 
 
 XXX. Collyn Clout. 
 
 neglect of learning and politics by the nobles, and the anti- 
 church and heretical spirit among the commonalty. It was edited 
 by Mr. Dyce in his Poetical Works of John Skelton, 1843, vol. i. 
 p. 311-360, from three old editions, and the only manuscript 
 known, in the Harleian MS. 2252, leaf 147. Here are the open- 
 ing lines from that manuscript : — 
 
 Harl. MS. 2252, fol. 147. 
 
 quis resTirgat .^d Malyngna^tes ? aut quis stabit mecum aduersus 
 operantes iniquitatewi ? nemo, domme ! 
 
 Whate Can hyt Avayle 
 
 To dryve forthe A snayle, 
 
 or to make A Sayle 
 
 of an heryng tayle ? 4 
 
 to Ryme or to Rayle, 
 
 to wryte or to endyte, 
 
 eythyr for to endyte 
 
 or else for to desyte, 8 
 
 or bok«s to compyle 
 
 of dyvers va&Txer of style, 
 
 Yjcis to revyle, 
 
 & sjv} for to exile, 12 
 
 To teclie or to preche 
 
 as Reason wclde reherse ? 
 
 say thus or say that, 
 
 hys hede ys so^ fatte, 16 
 
 & saythe he wott not whate, 
 
 nor wherof he spekythe : 
 
 he Cryethe, he Crekythe, 
 
 he priethe, he prckythe, 20 
 
 he Chydethe, he Chaters, 
 
 he pratythe, he patyrs, 
 
 he Cleteryth, he claters, 
 
 he medelythe, he smaters, 24 
 
 he glosythe, he Flaters ; 
 
 or yf he speke playne, 
 
 Then he lackythe brayne ; 
 
 he ys but A foole ; 28 
 
 lett hym go to scole, 
 
 on A iij* fotyde stole 
 
 b«t he may downe sytte, 
 
 for he lackythe wytte ; 32 
 
 & yff Jjfft he hytte 
 
 )>^ nayle on the hede, 
 
 hyt stondythe-'* in no stede : 
 
 The devyll, they sey, ys dede. 36 
 
 hyt may so welle be. 
 
 or else they wolde see 
 
 hol>e>'wyse, & flee 
 
 From worldly vanyte, 40 
 
 & fowUe Covetosnes, 
 
 & hooper wrechydnes. 
 
 And fykylle falsenes, 
 
 & varyabulnes 44 
 
 with vnstedfastnes : 
 
 And yf they stonde in dowte 
 
 whoo browghte )>i& Eyme Abowte, 
 
 My name ys Colyn Clowte, 48 
 
 And [I] purpose to shake owte 
 
 all my Connyng Bagge, 
 
 lyke A clarkely hagge ; 
 
 for thowe my Ryme be Ragge[d] 62 
 
 Taterj'de & laggyde, 
 
 Rvdely Rayne-betjTi, 
 
 Rusty & mothe-etyn, 
 
 And yf thow take well ]>ai wythe, 56 
 
 hyt hathe in hyt sum. pythe ; 
 
 for, as fer as I Can see, 
 
 hyt ys wTonge with eche degre ; 
 
 for the Temporalte 60 
 
 Accusythe the spyrytualte ; 
 
 The spiritualti Agayne 
 
 dothe groge & complayne 
 
 vppon the Temporall men : 64 
 
 Thys,'* eche with hothyr blen, 
 
 \>^ tone ayenste )>at bother. 
 
 Laymen say the Prelates are so haughty, they take no heed to 
 feed their sheep, but only to pluck their wool. The Bishops per- 
 vert justice, creep within noble walls to fatten their bodies, dis- 
 dain to preach, and have little wit in their heads ; but two or three 
 are good men, though hen-hearted ; they daren't reform abuses, are 
 
 ' The final ens and ems have curls over their backs. 
 2 MS. fo. 3 MS. stondydythe. •» thus. 
 
XXX. Collyn Chut. Ixxi 
 
 loth to bang the bell round the cat's neck, and have forgotten 
 Becket's example. Other spiritual fathers hunt, hawk, fornicate, 
 sell the grace of the Holy Ghost, eat flesh in Lent ; many are 
 •bestiall and untaught,' drunken, can't construe their lessons, 
 haunt ale-houses, adulterize with women, can hardly read. Mitres 
 are bought and sold, simony prevails ; Bishops ride mules with 
 golden trappings and stirrups, all richly clad, and grind poor Gil 
 and Jack. 
 
 See what lies the people tell of you ! Isn't it sad ? They say 
 you Clergy and Monks pillage the people, and pervert the laws ; 
 that Abbesses and Prioresses are as bad ; and that it's all the 
 fault of the Bishops, who turn monasteries into mills, and abbeys 
 into granges, to get money to spend among wanton lasses and 
 live in luxury. Except you mend, you'll have a fall ; sour sauce 
 after sweet meat ! 
 
 But I must denounce also those laymen who kibour to bring 
 the Church to the ground. Some argue against the Sacraments, 
 Predestination, Christ's manhood &c. ; and, when good ale's in 
 their foretop, rail against priestly dignities. Some have a smack of 
 Luther's heresy, of "Wycliffe's, of Huss's ; and say the clergy have 
 much ; also that they can't keep their wives from them. 
 
 Isn't it too bad that the laymen talk of how Prelacy is sold and 
 bought ; how men of low degree are made prelates, and forget all 
 humility ? Yes, you Prelates are so puft up with pride that no man 
 may abide you! you lord it over lords, and those of royal blood ; and 
 you boast and brag ! If our lords did but understand how Learn- 
 ing would help them, they'd pipe you another dance ! But alas, 
 they scorn Learning, do but hunt and hawk', care nothing for 
 politics ; and therefore have to crouch to you. Well do the com- 
 monalty call you prelates ' Idols of Babylon,' proud upstarts from 
 the dung-cart, you who now reign and rule, and late lay your drowsy 
 heads in lowsy beds ! But mind your foot doesn't slip, and you 
 go to the devil ! Tou are blinded by flatterers ! Why don't you 
 rouse yourselves, and be lights to the people ? 
 
 Now, teaching's only to be got from some poor clerk with but 
 10£ a year, or some Friar. And it's your work ; you should do it ! 
 What good can drunken old Doctor Dawpate teach, or a jFriar 
 
 ' See my Forewords to the Babees Book, and to Queene EUzahethes Acha- 
 demij &c. Also, especially, Starhei/s Bialoyue, Pt. 2, p. 182-6 (E. E. Text Soc. 
 1871 (Extra Series). 
 
Ixxii XXX. Collyn VhuL 
 
 that must preach to get money, and who sets people against tlieir 
 own clergy ? Tou Bishops are so tainted with covetousness and 
 ambition that you lead not your flocks. Laymen call you Barrels of 
 Grluttony and Hypocrisy ! All is fish that comes to your net ! 
 Tou build fine palaces, painted with loose heathen tales of lusty 
 Venus and naked Diana, and '' naked boyes strydynge, with wanton 
 wenches winkyng." Tet [Wolsey !] beware of a Queen's yell- 
 ing ! It's a busy thing for one man to rule a King ! (1. 899- 
 992). Some of you have so checkmated great lords lately, that 
 the rest dare do nothing except it please the " one that ruleth the 
 roste alone" (1. 1021). No one can get at the King except 
 through our President. But mind, man, you don't get cast into 
 the mire ! Seek sound footing ; give up at once all your wrong 
 schemes ! And don't murmur at me, Colyn Clout, for my writing : 
 I write not against the good, but only the bad. Therefore let all, 
 clergy or lay, who feel my reproof, amend. Don't be high and 
 mighty, and order me ofi" to the Fleet or the Tower ! Don't say, 
 ' See how the villain calls us Clergy shameless and merciless, 
 incorrigible and insaciate, full of partiality, turning right into 
 wrong !' Drop your threats of sawing, hanging, slaying, beating, 
 those who go against your will, you who will not 
 
 Nor of theyr nbddy poUes, 
 Nor of theyr sely soules, 
 Nor of some wytles pates 
 Of dyuers great estates, 
 As well as other men. 
 
 (1. 1239-1249, JForks, vol. i. p. 359.) 
 
 . . suffre this boke 
 
 By hoke ne by croke 
 
 Piynted for to be^, 
 
 For that no man shulde se 
 
 Nor rede in any scroUes 
 
 Of theyr dronken nolles, 
 
 May our Saviour Jesus send us grace to set right the things 
 that are amiss, when His pleasure is ! 
 
 Southey has well said of Skelton : " The power, the strangeness, 
 the volubility of his language, the audacity of his satire, and the 
 perfect originality of his manner, made Skelton one of the most 
 extraordinary writers of any age or country." His Colt/n Cloute 
 gave rise, in 1533 or 1534, to even a fiercer diatribe against the 
 whole crew of Clergy, Monks, and Eriars, The Image of Ypocre- 
 sye, edited from the unique copy in the Lansdowne MS 794* by 
 Mr. Dyce in his SJcelton's Poetical Works ii. 413, and by me, 
 with an Introduction, in my Ballads from Manuscripts, Vol. i. 
 p. 167-274 (Ballad Society 1868). 
 
 ^ Some of the allusions in the Poem may have been introduced into it after 
 it was first written. 
 
'XX.X. Colly 11 Chut. jCXXl. The Frym^andthe Boy. Ixxiii 
 
 Of old printed editions of Coli/n Chute, Mr. Dyce and Mr. 
 Hazlitt between them note tlie following: — 
 
 q. 1. " Here after foloweth a lytell boke called collyn clout, 
 cowpyled by mayster Skelton, poete Laureate. 
 
 Quis consurgat mihi adversum onalignantes Sfc. Cum privilegio 
 regali. 
 
 [Colophon] Imprynted at London by Thomas G-odfrey. Cum 
 privilegio regali," Svo. black letter. D in eights, the first and 
 last leaves blank ; at Woburn Abbey, the only copy known. 
 
 2. Colophon : " Imprinted at London by me Eycharde Kele 
 dwellyng in the powltry at the long shop under saynt Myldredes 
 chyrche," 12mo. no date. 30 leaves. Henry Huth Esq. has a 
 copy. 
 
 " An edition by Kele, 4to. n. d. is mentioned in Typogr. Antiq. 
 iv. 305, ed. Dibdin : but qy. ?" says Mr. Dyce. 
 
 3. Colophon : " Imprinted at London in Paules Churche yarde 
 at the Sygne of the Rose by John "Wyghte," 12mo, no date, 
 b. 1., D 6 in eight, or 30 leaves ; in the British Museum. 
 
 4. Col. " Imprynted at Loudon by Jhon "Wallye dwelling in 
 Fosterlane," [? about 1550]. Svo. b. 1. 30 leaves. A copy without 
 the title-page was sold among Mr. JoUey's books in 1844. 
 
 5. a. Col. " Imprynted at London in Paules Churche Yard at 
 the Sygne of the Sunne by Anthony Kytson." 32 leaves ; in the 
 British Museum. 
 
 b. Colophon in some copies: — "Imprynted at London in 
 Paules Churche yarde at the Sygne of the Lambe by Abraham 
 Veale." 12mo. n. d. 32 leaves, the first and last blank ; in the 
 British Museum. 
 
 6. In " Pithy, pleasaunt, and profitable workes of maister Skel- 
 ton, Poete Laureate. Nowe collected and newly published. Anno 
 1568. Imprinted at London in Pletestreate, neare vnto saint 
 Dunstones churche by Thomas Marshe " 12mo., the 15th piece 
 is " Colyn Clout." 
 
 XXXI. The Fryar and the Boy. This merry and most popular 
 poem has been printed at least 3 times in modern days from Manu- 
 scripts : 1 by Mr. Thomas Wright in his series of Early English 
 Poeins, 1836, from a MS at Cambridge ; 2. by Mr. J. 0. Halliwell 
 for the Warton Club 1855, in " Early English Miscellanies in 
 Prose and Verse from the Porkington MS.", p. 46-62, in 426 
 lines ; 3. by Mr. Hales and myself in ' Bp. Percy's FoUo MS : 
 Loose and JECttmourous Songs,' p. 9-28 ; which is the completest 
 copy, though imperfect, in 507 lines. 
 
 Of old printed editions we have 1. Wynkyn de Worde's, not 
 
Ixxiv XXXI. The Fryar and the Boy. 
 
 dated, in 4to, black letter, 7 leaves : " Here begynneth a raery 
 Create of the Frere and the Boye." This was reprinted by Mr. 
 W. C. Hazlitt in his Early Popular Poetry, ii. 54-81, with 
 collations from the next edition, and contains 480 lines, in 6-line 
 stanzas up to 1. 456, and in 4-line stanzas to the end. 2. Ed- 
 ward Allde's in 4to, about 1585, says Mr. Hazlitt : if so, after 
 Captain Cox's time ; but the two following editions, of which no 
 copies have yet been catalogued, are licensed in the Stationers' 
 Register A, leaf 22 ; Collier, p. 1 : — ■ 
 
 [1567-8] To mr. Jolm "Wally these bokes, called Welthe and helthe / the 
 treatise of the ffrere and the boye / stans puer ad mensom' ; a nother, youghte, 
 charyte, and humylyte^ ; an a b c for cheldren, in englesshe, -with syllabes ; 
 also a boke called an hundredth mery tayles ^ . . . ijs. 
 
 [1568-9] 'Received of Jonn Aide for his lycense for prjTitinge of a boke 
 intituled the Freer and the boye . . . iiijd. 
 
 Later, a second Part was added to the story, and it became a 
 common chap-book. The reader should consult Mr. T. "Wright's 
 preface to his edition of 1836, and Mr. W. C. Hazlitt's to his of 
 1866. 
 
 The story of the poem is one of a boy, little Jack, whom his 
 stepmother spites. She gets his father to make him tend the 
 cattle, and gives him such bad food that he can't eat it. The boy 
 gives the food to an old hungry man, and he in return grants the 
 boy three wishes : 1. a Bow that'll always hit the mark ; 2. a Pipe 
 that'll make every one who hears it, dance ; 3. that his Step- 
 mother, whenever she looks spitefully at him, shall ' a rap let go.' 
 At nightfall the cattle follow Little Jack's pipe; and he goes 
 home, asks his father for some supper, and gets a capon's wing, 
 at which his stepmother scowls. She ' lets go a blast ' that makes 
 the people laugh, and another when she scowls again ; so that she 
 has to look good-tempered ; but she asks a Priar whom she loves, 
 to revenge her. Next day the Priar goes to beat the boy ; but 
 Little Jack shoots a bird for him, and when he goes into the 
 briars to fetch it. Jack pipes up, and makes the Priar dance till 
 he's scratcht so that he bleeds fast. Then he vows he'll not 
 touch Jack if he'll stop the pipe ; and the boy lets him go tattered 
 and bleeding home. At night the Stepmotber complains to Jack's 
 father, and he insists on hearing the Pipe. The Priar is bound 
 to a post to stop his being obliged to dance; but when Jack 
 
 » See No. XXXVIII below. ^ gee No. XLVIII below. 
 
 3 See No. XLIH below. 
 
lOiXI. Fryarand Boy. ^X.^11. Elynor Rumming. Ixxv 
 
 begins, the Friar knocks his pate against the post, and Father, 
 Stepmother, and every one near, dance through the streets, some 
 rushing naked out of their beds to join in. When Jack's tired, 
 he stops ; and here the original story ended, I believe, as the 
 Porkington MS. does, with a moral ; but the Percy and De Worde 
 copies give us a second scene, of the Friar summoning Jack before 
 the Official or Archdeacon, for witchcraft. The Stepmother joins 
 in ; but ' her tail blows,' and she has to stand mute. Then the 
 Official orders Jack to play up ; which he does, and a mad scene 
 follows, — judge, proctors, summoners, prisoners, etc., all dancing 
 and smashing against one another. — At last, the Official promises 
 to forgive Jack if he'll stop his Pipe, and he does so. 
 
 XXXII. Ml/nor Humming. This is a most life-like picture by 
 Skelton of a Surrey ale-wife of the time of Henry VIII, and of a 
 drinking-bout by country women at her inn. The coarse loose 
 life of the time is painted with the faithfulness of a Dutch painter, 
 and with a most powerful and humourous hand. The scene is 
 laid by Skelton on a hill in Surrey, in a certain stead beside 
 Leatherhead ; but tradition has it, that ' Elynour on the hyll ' 
 dwelt at the foot of glorious chalk Boxhill, on the road from 
 Leatherhead to Dorking — that hill which we Sunday walkers 
 from the Working Men's College used to know so well, in storm 
 of snow, fresh green of spring, parch of summer, and golden 
 stretch of autumn at its foot, with the after tongues of flame-red 
 leaves shooting up its dark-green Burford sides. — The place is 
 alive with beauties of nature, and memories of distinguished 
 men and happy days. But it's a coarse picture that Skelton sets 
 before us, repulsive to any one who doesn't care to know how 
 people really lived in ' the good old times ' when Mr. Froude 
 tells us working men were, in the main, so much better off than 
 they are now. 
 
 Elynour herself is scurvy and lowsy, slaver running from 
 her lips, and dropping from her nose ; blear-eyed, jawed like a 
 jetty, footed like a plane, and legged like a crane. Her customers 
 are no better : Kate, Cysly, and Sare, with their legs bare, 
 their feet full unsweet, their kirtles all jagged, their smocks all 
 ragged ; 
 
 Some ■wenches come vnlassd, 
 Some Imswyues come vnbrased, 
 Wyth tJieyr naked pappes, 
 That flyppes and flappes, 
 
 That wygges and that wagges 
 Lyke tawny saffron bagges ; 
 A sorte of foule drahhes 
 All scurvy with scabbes. 
 
Ixxvi XXXII. Elynor Rumming. XXXIII. Nutbrooun Maid. 
 
 The hogs come and dirt in the house, the hens in the mash tub, 
 which Elynour skims with her mangy fists — or doesn't, — Some 
 women pay coin for their ale ; some a coney, or honey, a salt- 
 cellar, spoon, hose, a pot, meal, a wedding ring, a husband's hood 
 or cap, flax or tow, distaff or spinning wheel, thread, yarn, piece 
 of bacon, &c. : all must have ale. Then they gossip and drink, let 
 it out as they sit, etc. Then another and another lot of women 
 come, who pledge all kinds of things for ale ; then drink, and 
 tumble about. Amoug them, a pretended witch, and stubby-legd 
 Margery Mylkeducke, are described, and a prickmedainty quiet 
 dame (? a nun) who pledges her beads for her ale . . . 
 
 . . . my fyngers ytcte ; 
 I haue written to iiiji;che 
 Of this mad mummynge 
 Of Elynour Rummynge. 
 
 Thus endeth. the gest 
 Of this worthy fast, 
 Quod Skelton, Laureat. 
 
 No separate old printed edition of this poem is known. It 
 occurs in a collection of some of Skelton's works : 
 
 1. " Here after foloweth certaine bokes cowpyled by mayster 
 Skelto», Poet Laureat, whose names here after shall appere. 
 
 Speake Parot. 
 
 The death of the noble Prynce Kynge Edwardis the fourth. 
 
 A treatyse of the Scottes. 
 
 Ware the Hawke. 
 
 The Tunnynge of Elynoure Eummyng." 
 
 [And 5 Minor Poems.] 
 
 Colophon. " Thus endeth these lytle workes , compyled by 
 maister Skelton, Poet Laureat. Imprynted at London, in Crede 
 Lane, by John Kynge and Thomas Marche." 12mo, no date. 
 
 2. " Imprynted at London by Jhon Day." 12mo, no date. 
 
 3. "Printed at London by Eichard Laut, for Henry Tab, 
 dwelling in Pauls church-yard, at the sygne of Judith." 12mo, 
 no date. 
 
 4. Mr. Dyce says ' An edition printed for "W. Bonham, 1547, 
 12mo, is mentioned byWarton, Hist, of IE. Poetry, ii. 336 (note) 
 ed. 4to. 
 
 XXXIII. The Nuthrooun Maid. ' One of the most exquisite 
 pieces of late Mediaeval poetry,' rightly says Mr. Hales in the 
 Fercy Folio MS. Ballads and Romances, iii. 174, where a poor 
 shortened copy of the poem is printed in the text, and a full copy, 
 from Eichard Hill's MS. at Balliol, in the notes. 
 
 In answer to the reproach that women's love is utterly decayd, 
 the Nutbrown Maid records " that they love true, and doe con- 
 
XXXIII. The Nutbrooun Maid. Ixxvii 
 
 tinue." Her Lover — a squire of low degree — comes to her, a 
 Baron's daughter, and tells her that he is a banisht man ; he must 
 either die, or take to an outlaw's life in the greenwood, alone. 
 She says 'I love but you alone.' He tells her that she'll soon get 
 over it, and forget him ; but she declares she is ready to go with 
 him, she loves but him alone. Then he tries to dissuade her : if 
 she goes, people will say it's to fulfill her wanton will ; she'll have 
 to bear a bow, and live as a thief; if he's hung, there'll be no one 
 to help her ; if not, she must endure thorns, snow, rain, and heat, 
 lodge on the bare ground, get no dinner, ale, or wine, have no 
 sheets but leaves and boughs ; must cut her hair to her ears, and 
 her kirtle to her knees, and fight for him, if need be. But always 
 she says ' I love but you alone.' Then her Lover tries another 
 tack : women are soon hot, soon cold ; soon she'll change too. 
 Then what a cursed deed it were for a baron's child to be fellow 
 with an outlaw. But still she says she'll risk all for him : ' I love 
 but you alone.' Comes the hardest trial : the Lover says he has 
 another fairer maid than she, whom he loves better. But still 
 comes the sweet iteration, ' I love but you alone ;' for his sake 
 she'll wait on paramours, one or a hundred. The proof is over j 
 the Lover clasps his own dear love ; he is no banisht man, but the 
 Earl of Westmoreland's son, and will wed her as soon as he can. 
 
 Here may ye see, that women be 
 
 in love, meke, kynd, & stable. 
 Lett never men reprove them then, 
 
 yf they be charytable, 
 But rather pray God that we may 
 
 to them be comfortable. . . 
 
 The reader sliould turn to the poem itself again ; no doubt he 
 knows it well. It runs with the Squire of Low Degree, p. xxiv. 
 above. The first printed edition of it is in Arnold's Chronicle (at 
 sig, N 6,) * which is supposed to have appeared at Antwerp, from 
 the press of John Doesborcke, about 1502.' The 2nd edition of 
 Arnold was in 1521 ; to the 3rd edition no date has been assigned. 
 From the first two editions Mr. Thomas Wright printed the 
 Nutbrown Maid in his set of Early English poems in 1836, and 
 Mr. W. C. Hazlitt reprinted this text in his Early Popular Foetry 
 ii. 271-91i. Mr. T. Wright says " I am told that in a manuscript 
 of University College, Oxford, there is a list of books on sale at 
 a stall in that city in 1520, among which is the ' Not-broon Mayd,' 
 price one penny." I wrote to the Librarian of University to ask 
 
Ixxviii XXXTV. The Shepherdz Kalmder. 
 
 if this list existed, and his substitute said he believed not. On 
 
 leaf 31 of the Stationers' Register A {Collier i. 16) we find an entry 
 
 John Kynge ys fyned for that he ded prynt the nutbrowne mayde witAout 
 lycense ijs. vjd. 
 
 We have now finisht Captain Cox's "matters of storie" — thirty- 
 three of the famous books of Elizabeth's early time, — and turn 
 to the " philosophy both morall and naturall : beside poetrie, and 
 astronomie, and oother hid sciences." 
 
 ir. Captain Cox's Books of Philosophy and Postry. 
 
 XXXIV. The Shepherdz Kalender. Translated from Le com- 
 post et Kalendrier des Bergers ; and of this handbook of Popular 
 Philosophy, including 'astronomy, ethics, politics, divinity, 
 physiognomy, medicine, astrology, and geography,' many editions 
 before Captain Cox's time have come down to us. 
 
 1. The Kalendayr of The Shyppars. [Colophon] Heyr endyth 
 the kalendar of shyppars, translatyt of franch in englysh, to the 
 lowyng of almyghty god, & of his gloryous mother mary, and 
 of the holy cowrt of hywyn : prentyt in parys the .xxiii. day of 
 iuyng, oon thowsand .ccccc & III. Folio, A to M, in eights. 
 With woodcuts. A unique copy at Althorp, imperfect. 
 
 2. Printed by Julian Notary, about 1602, in folio, with wood- 
 cuts, many of which Dibdin has copied in his edition of Herbert. 
 
 3 A copy without printer's name or date, in the Bodleian ; 
 but probably from Pynson's press. See Dibdin^s Ames, ii. 526. 
 
 4. Eobert Copland's translation, printed by Pynson in 1506^, 
 folio, with woodcuts. An imperfect copy is at Althorp. 
 
 5. Robert Copland's new translation printed by himself, under 
 Wynkyn de Worde's name, Dec. 8, 1508. No. 6 in Dibdin's list. 
 
 6. Wynkyn de Worde. 24 Jan., 1528. No. 8 in Dibdin's list. 
 
 7. The Kalender 'newely augmented and corrected.' Imprynted 
 by Wyllyam Powell a.d. 1556. 
 
 8. An edition of 1559, newly augmented and corrected, is noted 
 
 ' So says Mr. Hazlitt, from whom I take this and like lists ; but the Brit. 
 Mus. Catalogue, under £j)kemerides, Compost, 8561 f, has 1505 ?. The book 
 has no printer's name, and uses woodcuts used by Eobert and William Cop- 
 lande, K iiii back ; and another, B iiii back, used or copied in the Roxburghe Bal- 
 lads. Ballad Soc. Reprint, ii. 370. On first seeing it, I said this copy couldn't 
 be Pynson's ; and on looking at it a little, fixed on "William Coplande as its 
 probable printer. Mr. Russell Martineau afterwards examined it thoroughlj 
 for the Museum, and found that the first date in the Calendar was 1560 (sign 
 C v) so that that is the probable date of the book. See note below, p. Ixxxiii. 
 
XXXIV. The Shepherdz Kalender. Lxxix 
 
 in Ames ii. 735 from the Catalogue of Benet (Corpus) Coll. 
 Library, Cambridge, p. 208 etc. 
 
 9. Au undated edition by John Waley ' newly augmented and 
 corrected,' is among Malone's books in the Bodleian. Eolio, 102 
 leaves, or A to N in eights, except that M has only 6 leaves. 
 Waley printed from 1546 to 1575. 
 
 10. An edition by T. East, no date, folio. 
 
 The book is a very curious and interesting mixture of all kinds 
 of learning of the time, with many quaint cuts^, and certainly 
 deserves reproducing. To show its range of subjects, I copy its 
 Table of Contents from the 1604 edition ' printed at London by 
 G. Elde for Thomas Adams, dwelling in Paules Church-yard at 
 tlie signe of the white Lion. 1604,' which is evidently a page for 
 page reprint, with changed spelling, of the edition of 1540-60 I 
 say, — but 1505 ?, by Pynson ?, says the Brit. Mus. catalogue — of 
 which an imperfect copy beginning on B ii. is in the British 
 Museum (8561 f.). 
 
 " This is the table of this present booke, of the Shepheards 
 Kalender, drawne out of French into English, with many more 
 goodly editions than be chaptered, newly put thereto. 
 
 First the Prologue of the Authour, that saith that euery man 
 may Hue Ixxiiii. yeares at the least, and they that die before 
 that terme, it is by euill gouer[n]ment, and by violence, or out- 
 rage of themselfe in their youth. Cap. primo. 
 
 The second Prologue of the great maister Shepheard, that 
 proueth true, by good argument, all that the first shepheard 
 saith. cap. ii. 
 
 Also a Kalender with the figures of euery Saint that is hallowed 
 in the yeare, in the which is the figures, the houres, and the mo- 
 ments, and the new Moones. cap. iii. 
 
 The table of the mouable feasts, with the compound manuell. 
 
 cap. iiii. 
 
 The table to knowe and vnderstand euery day what signe the 
 Moone is in. cap. v. 
 
 Also in the figure of the eclipse of the Sunne and the Moone, 
 the dales, houres, and moments. cap. vi. 
 
 The trees and branches of vertues and vices. [See Dan Michel's 
 Ayeuhite of Inwyt, and Chaucer's Parson'' s Tale.'] cap. vii. 
 
 The paines of hell, and how that they be ordayned for euery 
 deadly sinne, which is shewed by figures. cap. viii. 
 
 ' Mostly copied from the French. The planets, Moon etc. are each shown 
 at the tork of the legs of a naked man or woman walking. 
 
Ixxx XXXIV. The Shepherdz Kalender. 
 
 The garden and fielde of all vertues, that sheweth a man how 
 he should know whether he be in the state of the grace of G-od 
 or not. cap. ix. 
 
 A noble declaration of the seuen principall petitions of the 
 Pater noster, and also the Aue Maria : of the three salutations, 
 of which the Angel G-abriell made the first, the second was made 
 by saint Elisabeth, and the third maketh our mother holy 
 Church, cap. x. 
 
 Also the Credo in English of the xii. articles of our faith, cap. xi. 
 
 Also the ten commaundementes in English^ ; and the five com- 
 maundementes of the Church Catholike. [Not given ; but they 
 are "in tlie booke of Jesus," leaf E viii. not signed.] cap. xii. 
 
 Also a figure of a man in a shippe, that sheweth the vnstable- 
 nesse of this transitory worlde. cap. xiii. 
 
 Also to teach a man to know the fielde of vertues. cap. xiiii. 
 
 Also a Shepheardes ballad, that sheweth his frailty. cap. xv. 
 
 Also a ballad of a woman shepheard, that profiteth greatly. 
 
 cap. xvi. 
 
 Also a ballad of death, that biddeth a man beware betime. 
 
 cap. xvii. 
 
 Also the ten commaundements of the deuill, and the reward 
 that they shal haue that keepe them^, cap. xviii. 
 
 1 One God onely thou shalte loue & worshyp perfytely. 
 
 Grod in vayne thou shalte not swere, nor by y® he made truely. 
 The sondayes thou shalt kepe, in seruinge God deuoutlye. 
 Father & mother thou shalt honour, end shalt lyue longely. 
 Mansleer thou shalt not be, in dede, ne wyllyngely. 
 Lecherous thou shalt not be of thy body, ne consentyngely. 
 No mans goods thou shalt not stele, nor witholde falsely. 
 False wytnesse thou shalte not here, in any wyse lyingely. 
 The worke of the iieshe desyre not, but in maryage onely. 
 The goodes of other, couet not to haue them vniustly. 
 
 ? Coplande's (called Pynsoii'sJ ed. leaf F 7 back, not signed. 
 
 2 Here after foloweth the .x. commandements of the deuill. (sign. G 6 back, 
 ed Coplande ?) 
 
 'Ho so will do my commaundements. 
 And kepe them well and sure, 
 Shall haue in hell great torments 
 That euermore shall endure. 
 [1] Thou shalt not feare God, nor thinke of his goodnes. 
 [2] To dampne thy soule, blaspheme God and his saintes, 
 Euermore thine owne will be fast doing ; 
 Deceaue men and women, and euer be swearing ; 
 [3] Be dronken hardely vpon the holy day, 
 
 And cause other to sinne, if thou may. 
 [4] Father nor mother, loke thou loue nor drede, 
 
 Nor helpe them neuer, though they haue nede. 
 [5] Hate thy neighbour, and hurt him by enuy ; 
 Murder, and shed man's blood hardely ; 
 Forgeue no man, but be all vengeable. 
 
 W 
 
XXXIV. The Shepherdz Kalender. Ixxxi 
 
 Another ballad that sainct John sheweth in the Apocalips, of 
 the black horse that death rideth vpon. cap. six. 
 
 [_Sign. A 3.] A ballad how princes and states should gouerne 
 them. [? Lydgate's ' estate and order of euery degree'.] cap. xx. 
 
 The trees and branches of vertues, and vices, with the seauen 
 vertues against the seauen deadly sinnes. cap. xxi. 
 
 Also a figure that sheweth howe the xii. signes raigne in mans 
 body; and which be good, and which be bad. cap. xxii. 
 
 A picture of the phisnomy of mans body, and sheweth in what 
 parts the seauen planets hath domination in man. cap. xxiii. 
 
 And after the number of the bones in mans body, followeth a 
 picture that sheweth of all the veyns in the body, and how to 
 bee let bloud in them. cap. xxiiii. 
 
 To knowe whether a man be likely to be sicke or no, and to 
 heale them that be sicke. cap. xxv. 
 
 And also heere sheweth of the replexion of euiU humors, and 
 also for to dense them. cap. xxvi. 
 
 Also, how men should gouerne them the iiii. quarters of the 
 yeare. ca. xxvii. 
 
 Also, how men should do, when phisicke doth faile them, for 
 health of body and soule : made in a ballad royal. ["Tlie Diatorie" 
 in the Bahees Booh, 1858, Pt. 1, p. 54-8, enlarged.] cap. xxviii. 
 
 Also, to shew men what is good for the braine, the eyes, the 
 throate, the breast, the heart and stomacke, properly declared. 
 
 cap. xxix. 
 
 Also the contrary, to shew what is euill for the braine, the 
 eyes, the throat, the breast, the heart, and the stomack, following 
 by and by. cap. xxx. 
 
 Also of the foure elements, and the similitude of the earth ; 
 and how euery planet is one aboue another, and which be mascu- 
 line & feminine. cap. xxxi. 
 
 [7] Be lecherous in dede, and in touching delectaWe ; 
 
 Breake thy wedlocke, and spare not ; [leaf Gr 7, not signed.] 
 
 And to deceaue other by falsehode, care not. 
 [8] The goodes of other thou shalt holde falsly, 
 
 And yelde it no more though they speake curtesly. 
 [9] Company often Avith women, and tempte them to sinne ; 
 [10] Desire thy neighbours wife, and his goodes to be thine. 
 
 Do thus hardely, and care not therfore. 
 
 And thou shalt dwell with me in hell euermore ; 
 
 Thou shalt lye in frost and fyre, with sicknes and hunger ; 
 
 And in a thousand poeces thou shalt be tome a sunder ; 
 
 yet thou shalt dye, and neuer be deade ; 
 
 Thy meate shalbe todes, and thy drinke boyling leade. 
 
 Take no thought for the blud that God for thee shed, 
 
 And to my kingdome thou shalt be straight led. 
 
 Here foloweth the rewarde oi them that kepeth these commaundementes 
 ttforesayde. [17 lines of verse. But no doubt the reader has had enough of it. J 
 
Ixxxii XXXiV. The Shepherdz Kalender. 
 
 A crafty figure of the worlde, with the xii. signes going about, 
 and also of the moouings of the heauens with the planets. 
 
 cap. xxxii. 
 
 Also of the Equinoctiall and the Zodiake whicli is in the ix. 
 heauen, which contayneth the firmament, & al vnder it, with a 
 picture of a spire. cap. xxxiii. 
 
 Of Solstitium of Summer, Solstitium of Winter ; with a figure 
 of the Zodyake. cap. xxxiiii. 
 
 Of the rising and descending of the signes in the horyson. 
 
 cap. XXXV. 
 
 And also of the diuision of the earth, and the regions ; with a 
 picture of the mobile. cap. xxxvi. 
 
 [This ' picture ' is the rose-shaped woodcut, with a mansion and 
 landscape in the centre, used on the title of Andrew Boorde's 
 Fronosty cation for 1545. There is no cut at all in the French 
 edition of 1529, ' Imprime a Troys par Nicolas le Eouge,' nor in 
 that ' Imprime a Lyon / par Jehan Cauterel / en la //^ mayson 
 de feu Barnabe Chaussard / pres // nostre dame de Confort. en 
 Lan // Mil cinq cens. Ij. Le // xxvij. iour du // moys // Daoust. // 
 1551.'//] 
 
 Of the variation that is m many habitations and regions of the 
 earth. cap. xxxvii. 
 
 Also of the xii. starres fixed, that sheweth what shall happen 
 vnto them that are borne vnder them. cap. xxx.viii. 
 
 Also a figure of the xii. houres, as much in earth as in heaven. 
 
 cap. xxix. 
 
 Also pictures of the vii. planets; to know in what houre they 
 do raigne the day and night ; that telleth which be bad, and which 
 be good; & sheweth how the children shalbe disposed which 
 shalbe borne vnder them. cap. xl. 
 
 Also, pictures of the foure complections to shew and know the 
 condition of each complection, and to know by a mans coulour 
 what he is of any of al foure, and how he is disposed of nature. 
 
 cap. xii. 
 
 \Sign. A 3 Soc^.] Also heere foUoweth the iudgmentes of the 
 mans face and body, as Aristotle wrote to king Alexander the 
 conditions of man, & the properties in th^ visages of man ; but, 
 by the grace of God, good conditions, grace, prayers, fastings, and 
 blessings, these fine withstand vnkindly condition. cap. xlii. 
 
 Also a picture of the Pomyaw [see leaves A 4 and L 7 and 8 
 not signed], that sheweth a man to know, euery houre of the 
 night, what is a clocke, before midnight and after. cap. xliii. 
 
 Also then follow pictures of the impressions of the aire, of the 
 flying dragon, and the leaping kiddes, the way to saint James [of 
 
 ' // marks the end of a line. The /'s are in the original. 
 
XXXIV. The Shepherdz Kalender. Ixxxiii 
 
 Galicia, the Milky Way], and the seuen starres of the burning 
 piller, and of the firie speare, and of the flaming bushes or trees 
 that otherwile faileth, and the flying starre, and the biasing 
 starres, and of flue-tailed starres, and of the bearded starre, with 
 the epitaph of a thunder stone. cap. xliiii. 
 
 Also, how the Moone changeth twelue times in the yeare, so 
 likewise mans conditions change twelue times in the yeare. cap. xlv. 
 
 Of the commodities of the xii. monethes in the yeare, with the 
 twelve ages of man. cap. xlvi. 
 
 Of an assault against a snaile [for eating the vine-buds, — by a 
 Lady, and several men of arms, all of whom the snail defies, 
 M. 4.] [cap. xlvii.] 
 
 Also followeth the meditation of the passion of our Lord Jesus 
 Christ, that shepheardes and simple people ought to haue in 
 hearing of their diuine seruice. cap. xlviii. 
 
 The saying of the dead man [a Poem of good advice], cap, xlix. 
 
 ^Also certaine orisons and prayers ; and first, a diuision theo- 
 logicall on a question, to knowe if prayers, orisons, and suffrages, 
 done to the soules in Purgatory, bee meritorious and auailable for 
 their health and deliuerance. cap. 1. 
 
 How euery man and woman ought to cease off' their sins at the 
 sounding of a dreadfull home. [The ? Coplande copy (or Pynson 
 so-called) wants the leaves after "Thus endeth the horner," a big 
 negro for Death, with ' to to ' coming out of his horn.] cap. li. 
 
 To know the fortunes and destinies of a man borne vnder the 
 xii. signes, after Ptolemeus, prince of Astronomic. cap. lii. 
 
 Also followeth the xii. moneths, with the pictures of the twelue 
 signes, that sheweth the fortunes of men and women that are 
 borne vnder them, so that they may know in what moneth and 
 day they were borne. cap. liii. 
 
 Also, here telleth of the ten christian nations, that is to say, to 
 shew the certaine poyntes that much heathen people doe beleeue 
 of our faith ; but not in al, and therefore we begin first with our 
 faith. cap. liiii. 
 
 Also followeth a few prouerbes. cap. Iv. 
 
 The authors ballad. cap. Ivi. 
 
 Also a good drinke for the pestilence, which is not chaptred 
 [and is not printed after ch. 56. Finis follows that.] cap. Ivii. 
 Thus endeth the table of this present booke. 
 
 The length of this 'Table' prevents my giving some good 
 extracts from the prose parts of the book which I had markt ; but 
 
 ^ This chapter is left out ia the English copies of the so-called Pynson, and of 
 Elde 1604, in the British Museum : its Popery wouldn't suit a Protestant time. 
 This confirms my douht as to the earhest B. M. copy heing a Pynson. It's 
 by William Coplande or his predecessor, I believe. 
 
 9 2 
 
Ixxxiv XXXIV. The Shepherdz Kalender. 
 
 I must take a few of the Proverbs, from the end of the imper- 
 fect copy of Jhon Wally's edition, 1580 (?) in the Museum. 
 
 IT And also an other, forget it nat : 
 
 Kepe your owne home as doth, a mouse ; 
 For I tell you, the deuil is a wyly cat ; 
 He will spye you in another mans house. 
 
 IT And in espetiall, God to please, 
 
 Desyre thou neuer none other mans thinge : 
 Remember that many fingers is well at ease, 
 That neuer ware on, no gay golde ringe. 
 
 H And this I tell you for good and all, 
 Remember it, you that be wyse : 
 That man or woman hath a great fall, 
 The which slyde downe, and do neuer ryse. 
 
 And one also forget not behjmde. 
 That man or woman is likely, good to be, 
 That banisheth malyce out of their mjTide, 
 And slepeth euery night in chai'itie. 
 
 I rede you worke by good councell, 
 For that man is worthy to haue care 
 That hath twise fal^ into a well, 
 And yet the thirde tyme cannot beware. 
 
 Say that a fryer tolde you this : 
 [H]e is wyse that doth forsake sinne : 
 [TJhen may we come to heauen blysse. 
 [Gr]od giue vs grace, that place to winne. 
 
 FINIS 
 
 The following extract sliows how Man is a microcosm, and 
 includes in himself all animals : 
 
 And they say that God ne formed creature for to inhabite the 
 world, wyser then man ; for there is no conditione maner in a 
 beaste, but that it is founde comprehended in man. Naturally, a 
 man is hardy as the Lyon, true and worthy as the oxe, large and 
 liberall as the Cock, auaricious as the Dog, and aspre as the 
 Hart, debonayre and true as the Turtle, malicyous as the Leoparde, 
 preuy and tame as the Done, dolerous and guilefull as the Foxe, 
 simple and debonayre as the lambe, shrewde as the ape, light as 
 the horse, soft and piteable as [the] Beare, dere and precious as 
 the Oliphant, good & holesome as the Unieorne, vyle & slouthfull 
 as the Asse, fayre and proude as the Pecocke, glotonous as the 
 Wolfe, enuyous as the Bitch, debel & inobedient as the Nightin- 
 gale, humble as the Pygeon, fel and folish as the Oystrich, pro- 
 fytable as the Pysmare, dyssolute and vagabund as the Gote, 
 spytefull as the Pesaunt. Soft and meeke as the Chekin. Mou- 
 able and varying as the Fish. Lecherous as the Bore. Stronge 
 
 » falne, ed. 1604. 
 
XXXIV. Shepherdz Kalender. XXXV. 8hip oJ'Foolz. Ixxxv 
 
 and puissant as the Camell. Tray tor as the Mule. Aduised as 
 the Mouse. Eeasonable as an aungell. And therefore he is called 
 the little world, for he participeth of all, or he is called all crea- 
 tures ; for, as it is sayd, he participeth and hath condicion of all 
 creatures. — From Cap. xlii. The iudgementes of mans body. 
 Bficli of L vij not signed. 
 
 XXXV. The Ship of Foolz. Of this work there are two old 
 versions, one in prose and another in verse. The prose version 
 was translated by H. Watson, and printed by Wynkyn de "VVorde 
 in 1517; and of this a copy is among Deuce's books in the Bod- 
 leian. 
 
 From Herbert, in Ames i. 158, we find that "Watson says : " this 
 booke hathe ben made in Almayne language / and out of Almayne 
 it was translated in to Latjm / by mayster Jacques Locher / and 
 out of Latyn in to rethoryke Frensshe. I haue consydered that 
 the one delyteth hym in latyn / the other in Frensshe / some in 
 ryme / and the other in prose / for the whiche cause I haue done 
 this" in prose. — " Consyderynge also that the prose is more 
 familiar vnto euery man than the ryme, I, Henry Watson, haue 
 reduced this present boke in to our maternall tongue of Englysshe 
 out of Freusshe / at y^ request of my worshypfull mayster wynken 
 de worde / through the entysement and exhortacyon of the excel- 
 lent prynces Margarette / couwtesse of Eychemonde and Derby / 
 and graudame vnto our moost naturall souerayne lorde kynge 
 Henrj^ y^ VIII. whome Jhesu preserue from all encombrau?2ce. — 
 ^ By the shyppe we may vnderstande the folyes and erroures that 
 the mowdoynes are in / by the se this presente worlde / — Syth 
 that it is so / we must serche this booke, the whiche may wel be 
 called 'the doctrynall of fooles.'" Imprynted— M. CCCCC. & 
 xvii. The nynthe yere of the reygne of our souerayne kynge 
 Henry the viii. The xx. daye of June. 
 
 The poetical version of The Ship of Fools is the chief work of 
 Alexander Barklay, who was probably a Scotchman, was " educated 
 at Oriel College, Oxford, accomplished his academical studies by 
 travelling, and was appointed one of the priests or prebendaries 
 of the college of saint Mary Ottery in Devonshire. Afterwards 
 he became a Benedictine monk of Ely monastery ; and at length 
 took the habit of the Franciscans at Canterbury." (Warton, ii. 
 419, ed. 1840). He finished "The Shyp of Folts, translated in 
 the colege of saynt Mary Otery, in the counte of Devonshyre, 
 
Ixxxvi XXXV. The Ship of Foolz. 
 
 oute of Laten, Frenche, and Dotch, into Englishe tonge, by 
 Alexander Barclay, preste and chaplen in the sayd colledge, 
 M. CCCCC. VIII." John Cawood printed a second edition of 
 the book in 1570. " About the year 1494," says Warton, i. 420 
 Sebastian Brandt, a learned civilian of Basil, and an eminent 
 philologist, published a satire in German with this title [Navis 
 Stultifera Mortalium]. The design was, to ridicule the reigning 
 vices and follies of every rank and profession, under the allegory 
 of a Ship freighted with Fools of all kinds, but without any variety 
 of incident or artificiality of fable ; yet although the poem is 
 destitute of plot, and the voyage, of adventures, a composition of 
 such a nature became extremely popular. It was translated into 
 French ; and, in the year 1488, into tolerable Latin verse by 
 James Locher, a German, and a scholar of the inventor Brandt. 
 From the original, and the two translations, Barklay formed a 
 large English poem, in the balade or octave stanza, with consider- 
 able additions gleaned from the follies of his countrymen. It was 
 printed in 1509 by Pynson^, whose name occurs in the poem : 
 
 How be it the charge Pynson has on me layde, 
 With many fooles our nauy not to charge. 
 
 (leaf 38 back, Cawood's ed. 1570.) 
 
 Barclay's paraphrase is not at all so bright or biting as one would 
 have hoped it would be ; nor do his special envoys or addresses to 
 each class of Fools at the end of his enlargements of the Latin 
 text, give one a good sketch of the vices and ways of his time : 
 still, one is thankful to have them ; and as each of us is bound to 
 think first, wherein he is a fool himself, suppose we get Mr. G. 
 Parker of the Bodleian to give us Brandt's and Barclay's sketches 
 of us Fools who ' books assemble,' — though we do read some — 
 adding Watson's translation too, to show how he treats his original. 
 For more, the reader can turn to the volume itself: he'll enjoy its 
 quaint cuts, if he doesn't the text. 
 
 [P. 1. 16. Jut. Seld. (Bodl. Libr.).] 
 
 The Shyp of folts. 
 
 translated in the College 
 
 of saynt mary Otery in the counte of Deuonshyre : out of Laten / 
 Frenche / and Doche into Englysshe tonge by Alexander Barclay 
 
 * The Granville copy in the Brit. Mus. is in beautiful condition, though 
 cut down grievously by one of that cursed race of binders. 
 
XXX^^ The Ship of Foolz. Ixxxvii 
 
 Preste : and at that tyme Chaplen in the sayde College, translated 
 . . . 1508. Inprentyd in the Cyte of London in Fletestre {sic) at the 
 signe of Saynt George By Eycharde Pynson to hys Coste and charge : 
 Ended . . . 1509. The 13 day of December. 
 
 [The title-page is covered with one large Coat of Arms and a 
 Crest above it : at the back of this, towards the bottom of the 
 page, is the title copied above.] 
 
 [fo'- 12.] Argumentum in narragoniam. 
 
 AD humani generis foelicitatem : documentumque salnberrimum : stul- 
 torum classis ad Narragoniam constructa fulget : quam quidem onmes 
 conscendunt : qui de se mita / veritatis / et aperto sani intellectus calle 
 vagantes : in varias et vmbrosas mentis tenebras : ac corporis illecebras 
 
 corruunt. Potuisset presens hie noster libellus / non in- 
 
 concinne satyra nimcupari : sed auctorem nouitas tituli 
 delectauit. sicuti enim prisci satyrici : variis poematibus contextis : 
 [etc.]. 
 
 HEre after foloweth the Boke named the Shyp of Foles of the worlde : 
 translated out of Laten / Erenche & Doche into Englysse in the 
 Colege of saynt Mary Oierj By me Alexander Barclay to the felicite 
 and moste holsom instruccion of mawkynde the whiche conteyneth al 
 suche as wandre from the way of trouth and from the open Path of 
 r*fLi26n holsom vnderstondynge & *wysdom: fallynge into 
 
 dyuers blyndnesses of the mynde / folysshe sensualytees / 
 and vnlawful delectacions of the body. This present Boke myght haue 
 Satyra inter- ben callyd nat inconuenyently the Satyr (that is to say) 
 pretatur repre- the reprehencion of foulysshnes. but the neweltye of the 
 ^"^ '"■ name was more plesant vnto the fyrst actour to call it 
 
 the Shyp of foles : For in lyke wyse as olde Poetes Satyriens in dyuers 
 Poesyes coraioyned repreued the synnes and ylnes of the peple at that 
 tyme lyuynge : so and in lyke wyse this our Boke representeth vnto 
 the iyen of the redars the states and coradicions of men : so that euery 
 man may behold within the same the cours of his lyfe and his mys- 
 
 gouerned maners / as he sholde beholde the shadowe of 
 ^t^tMum *^^ fygiirs of his visage within a bright Myrrour. But 
 
 concernynge the translacion of this Boke : I exhort the 
 reders to take no displesour for thai it is nat translated word by worde 
 acordinge to the verses of my actour. Eor I haue but only drawen 
 into our moder tunge / in rude langage, the sentences of the verses as 
 nere as the parcyte of my wyt wyl suffer me / some tyme addynge / 
 somtyme detractinge and takinge away suche thinges a[8] semethe me 
 necessary and superfine, wherfore I desyre of you reders, pardon of 
 my presumptuous audacite, trustynge that ye shall holde me excused 
 if ye cowsyder the scarsnes of my wyt and my vnexpert youthe. I haue 
 ji many places ouerpassed dyuers poetical digressions and obscurenes 
 of Eables, and haue concluded my worke in rude langage\ as shal 
 apere in my trawslacion. But the speciyl cawse that mouethe me to 
 this besynes is, to auoyde the execrable inconuenyences of ydilnes, 
 
 * What follows on fol. 12 6 is not translated or paraphrased. 
 
Ixxxviii XXXV. The Ship of Foolz. 
 
 whyche (as sairat Bernard sayth) is moder of al vices : and to the vtter 
 derisiore of obstynat men delitynge tbem in folyes & mysgouernance. 
 But bycause the name of this boke semeth to the redar to procede of 
 derysion : and by that mean that the substance therof shulde nat be 
 profitable : I wyl aduertise you that this Boke is named the Shyp of 
 foles of the worlde : For this worlde is nought els but a tempestuous 
 se, in the whiche we dayly wander and are caste in dyuers tribulacions, 
 paynes, and aduersitees : some by ignoraunce, and some by wilfulnes : 
 wherfore suche doers ar worthy to be called foles, syns they gyde them 
 nat by reason as creatures resonable ought to do. Therfore the fyrsc 
 actoure, willynge to deuyde suche foles from wysemen and gode lyuers, 
 hatha ordeyned vpon the se of this worlde this present Shyp to con- 
 teyne these folys of the worlde / whiche ar in great nomber. So that 
 who redeth it, perfytely consyderynge his secrete dedys / he shall not 
 lyghtly excuse hym selfe out of it / what so euer good name that he 
 hath outwarde in the mouth of the comontye / And to the entent / that 
 this my laboure may be the more pleasatint vnto lettred men / I haue 
 adioyned vnto the same the verses of my Actour, with dyuerse con- 
 cordau?2ces of the Bybyll to fortyfy my wrytynge by the same / & also 
 to stop the enuyous mouthes (If any suche shal be) of them that by 
 malyce shall barke ayenst this my besynes. 
 
 [foL 13.] De inutilibus libris. 
 
 Inter precipuos pars est mihi reddita stultos 
 
 Prima : rego docili vastaque vela manu. 
 En ego possideo multos : quos rare libellos 
 
 Perlego: turn lectos negligo : nee sapio. 
 
 Invtilitas librorum. 
 Quod si quis percurrere omnes scriptores cupiat opprimetur : turn 
 librorum multitudine : tum diuersa scribentium varietate : vt baud 
 facile verum possit elicere. distrahit enim librorum multitudo. et faci- 
 endi libros plures non est finis. 
 
 Diodorus Sicu- PEimus in excelsa teneo quod naue rudentes 
 xi|. DabitM ^^' Stultiuagosque sequor comites per flumina vasta : 
 liber neseienti- Non ratione vacat certa : sensuque latenti : 
 bus utteras. Congestis etenim stultus confido libellis 
 
 Spem quoque nee paruam collecta volumina prsebeut : 
 Calleo nee verbum : nee libri sentio mentem. 
 Attamen in magno per me seruantur honore : 
 Pulueris et cariem plumatis tergo flabellis. 
 Ast vbi doctrine certamen voluitur : inquam 
 Aedibus in nostris librorum culta supellex 
 Eminet : et chartis viuo contentus opertis : 
 Ptolomeus Quas video ignorans : iuuat et me copia sola. 
 &^Snit. Constituit quondam diues Ptolomeus : haberet 
 Josephus lib. Vt libros toto quesitos vndique mundo 
 ^j- Quos grandes rerum thesauros esse putabat : 
 
 [fol. 13J.] Non tamen archane legis documenta tenebat : 
 
 Quis sine non poterat vite disponere cursum 
 Qui parum En pariter teneo numerosa volumina / tardus 
 Btudet parum Pauca Icgo : viridl contentus tegmine libri. 
 
XXXV. The Ship of Foolz. Ixxxix 
 
 proficit glo. iu (Jur vellem studio sensus turbare frequent! P 
 de!'prox!'saci\ Aut tam sollicitis animum confundere rebus 
 scri. (stc). Qui studet / assiduo motu / fit stultus et amens. 
 
 Seu studiam : seu non : dominus tamen esse vocabor 
 Et possum studio socium disponere nostro : 
 Qui pro me sapiat : doctasque examinet artes. 
 At si cum doctis versor : concedere malo 
 Omnia : ne cogar fors verba latina profari 
 Theutonicos inter balbos sum maximus auctor : 
 Cum quibus incassum sparguntur verba latina. 
 Prouerbio. v. ff. O vos doctores : qui grandia nomina fertis : 
 fl[i*^pos^t'origi- Ilespicite antiquos patres : iurisque peritos. 
 nemPeraius. Non in candidulis pensepant dogmata libris : 
 ('^<'-) Arte sed ingenua sitibundum pectus alebant. 
 
 Auriculis asini tegitur sed magna caterua : 
 
 •^[ Here begynneth. the foles : and first, inprofytable bokes. 
 
 I Am tbe firste fole of all tbe bole nauy 
 
 To kepe the pompe / the helme and eke the sayle 
 
 For this is my mynde / this one pleasoure haue I 
 
 Of bokes to haue grete plenty and aparayle 
 
 I take no wysdome by them : nor yet auayle 
 
 Nor them perceyue nat : And then I them despyse 
 
 Thus am I a foole and all that sewe that guyse. 
 
 Diodorus Sicu- THat in^ this shyp the chefe place I gouerne 
 Ecclesi. xij. ^7 ^^^is wyde see with folys wanderynge 
 The cause is playne / and easy to dyscerne 
 Styll am I besy bokes assemblynge 
 For to haue plenty it is a plesaunt thynge 
 Dabitur liberne In my conceyt and to haue them ay in honde 
 ral^esiriiil'. ^ut what they mene do I nat vnderstonde 
 
 But yet I haue them in great reuerence 
 
 And honoure sauynge them from fylth and ordure 
 
 By often brusshynge / and moche dylygence 
 
 Full goodly bounde in pleasaunt couerture 
 
 Of domas / satyn / or els of veluet pure 
 
 I kepe them sure ferynge lyst they sholde be lost 
 
 For in them is the connynge wherin I me bost 
 
 right.j "' ^"-^ ^f i^ fortune that any lernyd men 
 Within my house fall to disputacion 
 I drawe the curtyns to shewe my bokes then 
 That they of my cu?mynge sholde make probacion 
 I kepe nat to fall in altercacion 
 And whyle they comon my bokes I turne and wynde 
 For all is in them / and no thynge in my mynde 
 
 * Printed 'u.' 
 
 2 The book is foliated properly, like the Vernon MS, the 2 pages shown on 
 opening the book, being di folium, and the two here being headed Folium (on 
 the left page,) XTTTI (on the right). Later printers stupidly transferred the 
 
xc 
 
 XXXV. The Ship of Foolz. 
 
 Ptolomeu* 
 philadetemas 
 meminit Jo 
 Pephus. li. xij. 
 {tic.) 
 
 Qui parunt 
 studet parunt 
 proficit glo. 
 L. Tnicmqae C 
 del sacr. scri. 
 {tic.) 
 
 Tholomeus the riche causyd longe agone 
 Ouer all the worlde good bokes to be sought 
 Done was his cojwmaundement anone 
 These bokes he had and in his stody brought 
 Whiche passyd all erthly treasoure as he thought 
 But neuertheles he dyd hym nat aply 
 Unto theyr doctryne / but lyued vnhappely 
 
 Lo in lyke wyse of bokys I hane store 
 But fewe T rede / and fewer vnderstande 
 I folowe nat theyr doctryne nor theyr lore 
 It is ynoughe to bere a boke in hande 
 It were to moche to be it {sic) suche a bande 
 For to be bounde to loke within the boke 
 I am content on the fayre couerynge to loke 
 
 Why sholde I stody to hurt my wyt therby 
 Or trouble my mynde with stody excessyue 
 Sythe many ar whiche stody right besely 
 And yet therby shall they neuer thryue 
 The fruyt of wysdom can they nat contryue 
 And many to stody so moche are inclynde 
 That vtterly they fall out of theyr mynde 
 
 Eche is nat lettred that nowe is made a lorde 
 
 Nor eche a elerke that hath a benefyce 
 
 They are nat all lawyers that plees doth recorde 
 
 All that are promotyd are nat fully wyse 
 
 On suche chaunce nowe fortune throwys hir dyce 
 
 That thoughe one knowe but the yresshe game 
 
 yet wolde he haue a gentyll ma?mys name 
 
 So in lyke wyse I am in suche case 
 
 Thoughe I nought can I wolde be callyd wyse 
 
 Also I may set another in my place 
 
 Whiche may for me my bokes excercyse 
 
 Or els I shall ensue the comon gyse 
 
 And say concedo to euery argument 
 
 Lyst by moche speche my latyn sholde be spent 
 
 [foLXV, left.] I am lyke other Clerkes whiche so frowardly them gyde. 
 That after they ar onys come vnto promocion 
 They gyue them to plesour theyr stody set asyde. 
 Theyr Auaryce couerynge with fayned deuocion. 
 yet dayly they preche : and haue great derysyon 
 Agaynst the rude Laymen : and al for Couetyse. 
 Though theyr owne Cowscierace be blynded w^t7i that vyce. 
 
 name folium to a leaf, two pages back to back, and sheepish librarians etc. 
 have followed suit, re-leafing already-foliated MSS, under the idea that they 
 were foliating them for the first time. The difference between a leaf and a 
 folium has yet to be drilled into the bibliographic mind. * Printed XX. 
 
XXXY. The ShipofFoolz. xoi 
 
 But if I durst trouth playnely vtter and expresse. 
 This is the special cause of this Inconuenyence. 
 That greatest foles /and fullest of lewdnes 
 Hauynge least wyt : and symplest Science 
 Ar fyrst promoted : and haue greatest reuerence. 
 For if one can flater / and here a hawke on his Fyst 
 He shalbe made Person of Honyngton or of Clyst^ 
 
 But he that is in Stody ay ferme and diligent. 
 
 And without al fauour prechyth Chrystys lore 
 
 Of al the Comontye nowe adayes is sore shent. 
 
 And by Estates thretened to Pryson oft therfore. 
 
 Thus what auayle is it / to vs to Stody more : 
 
 To knowe outher scripture / trouth / wysedom / or vertue 
 
 Syns fewe / or none without fauour dare them shewe. 
 
 Prouer. qutnto. But O noble Doctours / that worthy ar of name : 
 
 Consyder our olde faders : note wel theyr diligence : 
 Ensue ye theyr steppes : obtayne ye suche fame. 
 
 ff. de origine. As they dyd lyuynge : and that by true Prudence. 
 
 orlginemf °^* Within theyr hartys they planted theyr scyence 
 
 And nat in plesauwt bokes. But nowe to fewe suche be. 
 Therfore in this Shyp let them come rowe with me. 
 
 ^ The Enuoy of Alexander Barclay Translatour exortynge the Foles 
 accloyed with this vice to amende theyr foly. 
 
 SAy worthy doctours and Clerkes curious : 
 What moueth you of Bokes to haue such nomber. 
 Syns dyuers doctrines throughe way contrarious. 
 Doth mannys mynde distract and sore encomber. 
 Transiatioa Alas blynde men awake / out of your slomber 
 
 sommantibns. ^^ j jf yg ^yl jjg^yg ^^^j. ^^j^gg multyplye 
 
 With diligence endeuer you some to occupy e. 
 
 Now for Watson's translation. 
 
 [Douce B. subt. 254.] 
 
 The grete shyppe of fooles of this worlde. 
 
 [Title wanting ; the Colophon follows.] 
 
 ^ Thus endeth the shyppe of fooles of this worlde. Imprynted at 
 Londod (sic) in flete strete by Wywkyn de Worde. the yere of our 
 lorde. M. CCCCC. and. xvii. % The nynthe yere of the reygne of our 
 souerayne lorde kynge Henry the viii. The. xx. daye of June. 
 
 ^ Argument of the shyppe of Fooles of this worlde. 
 
 THis booke compyled / for the felycyte and salute of all the humayne 
 gendre / and dyrecte the shyppe of fooles of this trarasytory worlde / in 
 the whiche asce»deth all they that vageth frome the playne exhortacyow 
 of the inteUectyf vnderstawdynge in transmutable and of obscure 
 
 ^ Compaie Latimer etc. on this point of ua£t persons made parsons. 
 
mi XXXV. The Ship of Foob. 
 
 thoughtes of the frayle body / wher by theyr decyuable wyttes / aiid 
 hye enterpryses / within shorte space inuade ouv bar^e. Wherfore 
 this present boke maj'^ be called satyre / notwitbstaudynge that the 
 fyrste auctoure dyde delyte hym in the newe intytulacyon of this pre- 
 sent boke / for ryght so as by the poesyes and fyccyons / the auncyent 
 poetes dyde correcte the vyces and the fragylytes of mortall men. 
 
 *^ Semblably this present pagyne specyiyeth before theyr syght the 
 estate and condycyon of men / to the ende that a myrroure they beholde 
 the meurs a^id rectytude of lyfe Neuertheles tbynke not you lectours 
 that I haue worde by worde dyrecte and reduced this present booke 
 out of Frensshe in to our maternall tongue of Englysshe / for I haue 
 onely (as recyteth Flaccus) take entyerely the substaunce of the scryp- 
 ture / in esperannce that my audace presumptuous sholde be pardonned 
 of the lectoures / hauynge aspecte vnto the capacyce of my tendre 
 yeres / and the imbelycyte of my lytell vnderstandynge / in leuynge 
 the egressyons poetyques and fabulous obscurytees / in a cheuynge in 
 werke in facyle sentence and famylyer style / in supplyenge all the 
 r*Si£rn A i 6 1 I'^ders to haue me for* excused yf that I haue fay led in 
 ony thynge. 
 
 % Here after ensueth the fyrste chapytre. 
 
 ^ Of bootes inutyle. capitulo. primo. 
 
 ^ The fyrste foole of the shypps* I am certayne 
 
 That with my handes dresse the sayles all 
 
 For to haue bookes I do all my besy payne 
 
 Whiche I loue not to rede in specyall 
 
 Nor them to se also in generall 
 
 Wherfore it is a prouerbe all aboute 
 
 Suche thynketh to knowe that standeth in doubte. 
 
 [A woodcut here.] 
 
 [Sign. A. ii.] YOnge folkes that entende for to knowe dyuers thywges 
 
 approche you vnto this doctryne and it reuolue in your 
 myndes organyques to the ende that ye maye comprehende and vnder^ 
 stande the substaunce of it / and that ye be not of the nombre of the 
 fooles that vageth in this tempesteous fiode of the worlde. And you 
 also the whiche haue passed the flourynge aege of your youthe / to the 
 end that and you be of the nombre of the fooles moundaynes that ye 
 maye lerne somwhat for to detraye you out of the shyp stultyfere. 
 Wherfore vnderstande what the fyrste foole sayth beynge in the grete 
 shyppe of of- fooles. ^ I am the fyrste in the shyppe vagaunte with the 
 other fooles. I tourne and hyse the cordes of the shyppe saylynge ferre 
 within the see. I am founded full euyll in wytte and in reasore. I am 
 a grete foole for to aflfye me in a grete multytude of bokes. I desyre 
 alway and appetyteth newe inuencyons compyled mystycally / and newe 
 bookes / in the whiche I can not comprehende the substaunce"'' / nor 
 vnderstande no thynge. But I doo my besy cure for to kepe them 
 honestly frome poudre and dust. I make my lectrons and my deskes 
 
 * Printed 'shyppf.' ^ gic, 3 Printed 'substanuce.' 
 
XXXV. The Ship ofFoolz. xciii 
 
 clene rygli[t] often. My mansyon is all repylnysshed with bokes / 1 
 solace me ryght often for to se them open without ony thyno;e com- 
 
 pylynge out of them. ^ Ptolomeus was a ryche maw the 
 phHadeiphus whiche coDstytued (sic) and also commaunded that they 
 eaius memini. sholde serche how thorough euery regyon of the worlde 
 Josepbns. li. xij. ^]jg moost excellentest bookes that myght be founden. 
 
 And whan they had brought theym all / he kepte theym 
 for a greate treasoure. And that not withstandynge he ensued not the 
 ensygnementes nor the doctryne of the dyuyne sapyence / how be it 
 
 that he coude dyspose nothynge* of the lyfe without is / 
 L ign. . II. .J ^i^g^j. ijookes someuer he had / nor compose ony thynge 
 to the relefe of his body at that tyme. I haue redde in dyuers bookes / 
 in the whiche I haue studyed but a lytell whyle / but oftentymes I 
 haue passed the tyme in beholdynge the dyuersytees of the couerynges 
 of my bookes. It sholde be grete foly to me to applye by excessyue 
 study myne vnderstandynge vnto so many dyuers thynges / where 
 through I myghte lese my sensuall intellygence / for he that procureth 
 too knowe ouermoche / and occupyeth hymself by excessyue studye/is 
 in daunger for to be extraught from hymself also euerychone is dys- 
 pensed / be he a clerke or vnderstande he nothynge yet he bereth the 
 name of a lorde. I maye as well commytte one in my place the whiche 
 thynketh for to lerne seyence {sic) for hym and for me. And yf that I 
 fynde my selfe in ony place in the company of wyse men to the ende 
 that I speke no latyn / 1 shall condyscende vnto all theyr preposycyons 
 Pj, , for fere that I sholde not be reproched of that that I haue 
 
 so euylly lerned. ^ O doctours the whiche bereth the 
 name and can nothyTige of seyence / for to eschewe grete dyshonoure 
 come neuer in the company of lerned men / our auncyent faders here 
 before dyde not lerne theyr repplendysshynge seyence in the multy tude 
 of bookes / but of an ardaunte desyre and of a good courage. They bad 
 not theyr spyrytes so vnstedfaste as the clerkes haue at this present 
 tyme / it were more propyre for suche folke for to here asses eeres 
 than for to here the names of doctoures and can nothynge of cunnynge. 
 
 [Fr. Deuce's MSS. notes on fly-leaf at beginning of book] 
 
 " Some of the signatures are misplaced, but the book is other- 
 wise perfect, unless it want a title, which is not clear, as there are 
 6 leaves prefixed to signature A. 
 
 " I know of no other copy of this edition, but have seen one 
 printed on vellum with the date 1509, 4to, in the national library 
 at Paris. 
 
 " Messrs. Brunet and Dibdin, the former in his ' Manuel dii 
 LAbraire,' and the latter in his Bibl. Spenceriana, iii. 204, have 
 erroneously ascribed the above edition of 1509 to the press of 
 Pynson, and confounded it with the metrical translation by Barclay, 
 which was printed in that year by Pynson in folio. 
 
 " The above French copy on vellum has a leaf at the beginning 
 with (1 The shyppe oe eooles on a scroll, [etc. . . .J 
 
xciv XXXV. The Ship of Foolz. 
 
 " This is the Colophon : Q Thus endeth the shyppe of fooles of 
 this worlde. Enprynted at London in Flete strete by Wynkyw de 
 Worde [. . .] MCCCC. ix [sec— G. P.]. (I The fyrste yere of the 
 reygne of [. .] Henry the VIII. The vi. daye of Julii." 
 
 [In pencil by F. D.] " Some cuts used in ' Cock Lorels bote^.' 
 The Duke of Roxburgh's copy for £63." 
 
 Long as the extracts are from the two versions of Brandt's 
 book, I venture to take another from Barclay's englishing, which 
 justifies his captaining this Ship of Fools : — 
 
 Barclay the Translatour to^ the Foles. 
 
 rpO Shyp ! galantes ! the se is at the ful ; 
 -*- The wynde vs calleth, our sayles ar displayed ; 
 Where may we best argue ? at Lyn or els at HuUe P 
 To vs may no hauen in Englonde be denayd. 
 Why tary we P the Ankers vp wayed. 
 If any corde or Cabyl vs hurt / let, outher hynder. 
 Let slyp the ende / or els hewe it in sonder. 
 
 Eetourne your syght ; beholde vnto the shore ! 
 There is great nomber that fayne woldbe aborde, 
 They get no rowme, our Shyp can holde no more. 
 Haws in the Cocke ! gyue them none other worde. 
 God gyde vs from Rockes / quicsonde, tempest, & forde ! 
 If any man of warre / wether / or wynde, apere, 
 My selfe shal trye the wynde, and kepe the Stere. 
 
 But I pray you reders, haue ye no dysdayne 
 Thoughe Barclay haue presumed of audacite 
 This Shyp to rule, as chefe mayster and Captayne. 
 Though some thynke them selfe moche worthyer than he, 
 It were great maruayle forsoth, syth he hath be 
 A scoler longe, and that in dyuers scoles. 
 But he myght be Captayne of a Shyp of Foles. 
 
 But if that any one be in suche maner case 
 
 That he wyl chalange the maystershyp fro me, 
 
 yet in my Shyp can I nat want a place. 
 
 For in euery place my selfe I oft may se. 
 
 But this I leue, besechynge eche degre 
 
 To pardon my youthe and to[o] bolde interprise ; 
 
 For harde it is, duely to speke of euery vyce. 
 
 Non mihi si Yov yf I had tunges an hundreth, and wyt to fele 
 sint^oraqwe"" -^1 thinges natural and supernaturall 
 centum : ferrea A thousand mouthes, and voyce as harde as stele, 
 soeierumwjm- ^^^ [had] sene all the seuen Sciences lyberal, 
 prehendere yet cowde I neuer touche the vyces all, 
 
 ' A fragment of C. L. is in the Douce collection. ^ the, orig. 
 
XXXV. Ship ofFoolz. XXXVI. Danielz Dreams, xcv 
 
 formas : Omnia _^nd svn of the worlde, ne theyr braunches comprehende, 
 c™e"Xna Nat thoughe I Ijued vnto the worldes ende. 
 
 possem. 
 
 But if these vyces whiche mankynde doth incomber 
 
 "Were clene expellyd, and vertue in theyr place, 
 
 I cowde nat haue gathered of fowles so great a nomber, 
 
 Whose foly from them out-chaseth goddys grace. 
 
 But euery man that knowes hym in that case, 
 
 To this rude Boke let hym gladly intende. 
 
 And leme the way his lewdnes to amende. 
 
 XXXVI. Danielz Dreamz. I cannot find this in the British 
 Museum or at Lambeth, in Hazlitt's JECandlooTc, or Collier's 
 BibliograpMcal Catalogue, and therefore copy Lowndes's entry of 
 it, p. 586, col. 1, ed. Bohn : — " The Dreames of Daniell, with the 
 Exposycions of the xij Sygnes, devyded by the xij Monthes of the 
 Teare ; and also the Destenys both of Man and Woman borne in 
 eche Monthe of the Tere. Very necessarye to be knowen. Im- 
 printed by me Robert Wyer. 16mo. Contains [A B C D E] F in 
 fours. Mr. W. Brenchley Eye of the Museum says that ' Heber's 
 copy sold 35 years ago for the moderate sum of two shillings' 
 
 XXXVII. The Boohe of Fortune. This is supposed to be a 
 little verse tract in the Lambeth Library by Sir Thomas More ; 
 but on seeing it, I felt sure that this tract was, — as the printers 
 of More's WorJces said it was, — meant only as a Preface to the 
 Booke of Fortune ; for More must refer to that Book in the last 
 lines of his own poem ; he cannot have meant that the few French 
 lines in his (or Wyer's) tract, and the English ones he puts into 
 Fortune's mouth, were the real Booke of Fortune. The title of 
 Wyer's tract is 
 
 "d The Boke of the fayre G-enty[l]-/woman, that no man 
 shulde / put his truste, or confy-/dence in : that is to say, / Lady 
 Fortune : / flaterynge euery man / that coveyteth to / haue all, 
 and specyally, / them that truste in / her, she decey-/ueth them / 
 at laste." / (over a woodcut of " The Lady Fortune.") Colophon. 
 " Iniprynte by me Eobert Wyer dwellyn-/ge, in Saynt Martyns 
 parysse, in / the Duke of Suffolkes rentes / besyde Charynge / 
 Crosse. / Ad imprimendum / Solum"/- 
 
 4to, 8 leaves, A (not signed) and B in fours, no date. 
 
 On the back of the title is, in 3 stanzas, 
 
 ([ The Prologue 
 
 As often as I cowsydre these olde noble clerkes, 
 Poetis, Oratours, & Phylosophers, — sectes thre — 
 
xcvi XXXVII. The Booke of Fortune. 
 
 Howe Avonderfull they were in all theyr werkes, 
 Howe eloquent, howe inuent5Tie to euery degrts, 
 Haifa amased I am, and as a deed tre 
 Stond styll, oner rude for to brynge forth 
 Any fruj'te or sentence that is ought worth. 
 
 (I Neuertheles, though rude I he, in all cowtrynyng* 
 Of matters, yet somwhat to make I need not to care ; 
 I se many occupyed in the same thynge. 
 Lo ! vnlerned men nowe a dayes wyll not spare 
 To wryte, to hable, theyr myndes to declare, 
 Trowynge them selfe, gay fantasyes to drawe, 
 When all theyr cunnjoige is not worth a strawe. 
 
 CI Some in french Cronyeles gladly doth presume, 
 Some in Englysshe blyndly wade and wander, 
 Another in latin bloweth forth a dark fume, 
 As wyse as a great hedded Asse of Alexandre ; 
 Some in Phylosophye, lyke a gagelynge gandre 
 Begynneth lustely the browes to set vp, 
 And at the last concludeth in the good ale cup. 
 
 d Finis Prologus. 
 quod. T. M. 
 
 On leaf A ii (not signed) is the reduced woodcut of St. John 
 writing his Revelation (with a printer's ornament on the left), 
 used on the title-page of Robert Wyer's 1542 edition of Andrew 
 Boorde's Dyetary (see my edition for the E. E. Text Soc. 1870), 
 and then two verses of French, with a printer's border on each 
 side 
 
 Fortune perverse, 
 Qui le monde versse 
 Toult a ton desyre, 
 Jamais tu nas cesse 
 Plaine de finesse, 
 Et y prens pleasire 
 
 fl Par toy ve«nent maulx, 
 Et guerres mortaulx, 
 Touls inconueniens ; 
 Par mons et par vaulx, 
 Et aulx hospitalx, 
 Meurent tant de gens. 
 
 On the back are two English stanzas denouncing Fortune,"^ witli 
 " ([ Finis, quod. T. M." and a fresh woodcut of Lady Fortune. 
 
 On A iii (not signed) follow " d The wordes of Fortune to the 
 People. gii,od Tho. Mo.", in six 7-line stanzas, beginning " Myue 
 hyghe estate, power, and auctoryte," and ending "And he that 
 wyll be a begger, let hym be." At the foot of the back in A iii is 
 the title of the next poem " ([ To them that trusteth in Fortune" 
 in thirty-three 7-line stanzas, beginning " Thou that art proude of 
 honour, shape, or kyn," and ending " as are the iudgementes of 
 Astrouomye. Q Here Fiueth Lady Fortune." The back of the 
 
 ' Printed, like the foregoing Prologue, in Maitland's JEarly Frinied £ooks, 
 p. 441. 
 
XXXVII. The Booke of Fortune. xcvii 
 
 last leaf (B iv not signed) is taken up with two Frencli stanzas of 
 8-lines each, asking Fortune where are divers heroes, " Fortune, 
 ou est Dauid et Salomon" etc. and with the burden " Ilz sonfc 
 tous mors : ce mowde est chose vaine," and followed by the 
 Colophon. 
 
 Now if we turn to Sir Thomas More's Worhes, ' printed at Lon- 
 don at the eostes and charges of John Cawood, John YValy, & 
 Eicharde Tottell, Anno 1557, d 5/ we find the main part of 
 Wyer's tract printed as " Certain meters in English written by 
 master Thomas More in hys youth for the boke of Fortune, and 
 caused them to be printed in the begynning of that boke." The 
 first poem is 'The wordes of Fortune to the people' a boast by 
 her of her power, and a call on men to wait on her, ending 
 
 And he that out of pouertie and mischaunce 
 
 List for to line, and will himself enhaunce 
 
 In wealth & riches, come forth and waite on me ! 
 
 And he that will be a begger, let hyme he. (See 21 lines above.) 
 
 The second poem is 'Thomas More to them that trust in for- 
 tune', warning them of her fickleness, and what dangers lie in 
 trusting her, 
 
 Fast by her side doth wearie Labour stand, 
 
 Pale Feare also, and Sorrowe all bewept, 
 
 Disdajme and Hatred on that other hand, 
 
 Eke restles watch fro slepe with trauayle kept, 
 
 His eye drowsy and lokinge as he slept ; 
 
 Before her sta.ndeth Daunger and Enuy, 
 
 Flatery, Dyceyt, Mischeif and Tyranny. 
 
 contrasting her with Poverty, and advising men to choose her 
 
 before Fortune : 
 
 Wherefore yf thou in suretie lyst to stande. 
 Take pouerties parte, and let prowde fortune go ; 
 Eeceyue nothynge that commeth from her hande. 
 Loue Manner and Vertue ; they be only tho 
 "Which double Fortune may not take the fro ; 
 Then mayst thou boldlie defye her tomyng chaunce ; 
 She can the neyther hjTider nor auaunce. 
 
 The third poem is ' Thomas More to them that seke Fortune,' 
 
 and ends thus 
 
 " Then forasmuch as it is fortunes guyse 
 To graunt no manne all thinge that he will axe 
 But as her selfe lyst order and deuyse, 
 Doth euery manne his part deuide and taxe, 
 I counsayle you echo one trusse vp your packs, 
 And take nothing at all, or be content 
 With such rewarde as fortune hath you sent. 
 
xcviii XXXVII. The Booke of Fortune. 
 
 He meaneth All tliinges in this booke that ye shall rede, 
 the booke of p^g ^^ yg jjg^^ there shall no man you bynde 
 
 Them to beleiue as surely as your crede ; 
 
 But notwithstandinge, certes in my mynde 
 
 I durst well sweare, as true you shall them fynde 
 
 In euery poynt, eche answer by and by, 
 
 As are the iudgementes of astronomye. 
 
 Thus endeth the preface to the booke of Fortune." 
 
 I think it clear, then, that Wyer's tract is a made-up one — 
 after More's death in 1535 perhaps ^ — and not 'the Booke of 
 Fortune' that Captain Cox had. What that was, I can't say ; 
 but no doubt an edition of the book licensed to William Powell 
 on Febry. 6, 1559-60. 
 
 Eecevyd of William Powell, for his Lycense for pryntinge of the boke of 
 
 fortune in folio, the vj. day of Februarij viij d. 
 
 Stationers' Register A, leaf 48 ; Collier's Extracts i. 25. 
 
 The earliest Fortune-telling book under Fortune in the British 
 Museum Catalogue, is "A merry- conceited Fortune-Teller -." 
 P(r)ognosticating to all Trades and Professions their good and 
 bad Fortune. Calculated according to Art, for the Meridian of 
 England, but may serve for all four parts, East, West, North, 
 and South, from the beginning of the world to the end thereof, 
 [over a portrait of a man] London, Printed for John Andrews, 
 at the White-Lion near Py-corner 1662." Here are a few ex- 
 tracts : 
 
 " Polterers shall have very good fortune if they can make Geese 
 of their customers : and they shall have ill fortune when their old 
 Coneys will not go off for young Rabits. 
 
 Booksellers shall have very good fortune by other mens wits : 
 and they shall have ill fortune when they have no customers for 
 their Books, but Sir Ajax [a jakes. See Nares's Glossary.']. 
 
 Citizens wives shall have very good fortune by going to Epsom- 
 wels in the Summer-time, for there they may purge themselves of 
 all their good qualities : but their Husbands shall have hornluck, 
 for in the mean time they may chance to be made Cuckolds, 
 and their wives cannot help it. 
 
 Labourers shall have very good fortune if they can have work 
 all the year ; and they shall have bad fortune, when they spend 
 their wages on Saturday nights, and Sundays, and to have never 
 a penny on Munday 
 
 Habberdashers shall have good fortune when each gallant wears 
 
 ' R. Wyer printed from 1527 to 1542. 
 
XXTVll.BookeofFoitune. XX^Wll. StansPuer. xcix 
 
 Beavers, and wlien Countrymeu buy coarse felts : they sliall have 
 
 ill fortune when their knavery is felt out 
 
 Shoomakers shall have good fortune if they do not drink on 
 Mundays, & so play all the week : & they shall have ill fortune 
 when the stitch of love takes them, so that they go beyond their 
 Lastj and run a woing to get a young Lass." 
 
 XXXVIII. StansPuer ad Mensam. Of this well-known trans- 
 lation, or rather, paraphrase — probably by Lydgate — of a Latin 
 poem on how a youth should behave at meals, Caxton printed a 
 first edition in 4to, in his 2nd type, before 1479 (Blades's How to 
 tell a Caxton, 1870, p. 53) ; the Duke of Devonshire has one 
 copy ; and the only other known, that in Cambridge University 
 Library, is imperfect. Then "Wynkyn de "Worde printed 3 edi- 
 tions, — the earliest one without a date, containing 12 leaves, and 
 the others in 1518 and 1524 (in six leaves) in the Cambridge 
 University Library. Of the first edition by Wynkyn De Worde, 
 Mr. Bradshaw says : — " W. de Worde's edition is Stans pner ad 
 mensam -\- ' Little John^,' which fully accounts for the 12 leaves. 
 He must have reprinted from a copy where Caxton's two were 
 bound together. He reproduces Caxton's mistake of two pages 
 transposed in printing, which is enough to show where he got 
 his text." Mr. Bradshaw describes the book as 
 
 " Stans puer ad mensam in English by John Lidgate. The Book 
 of Courtesy or Little John. London, Wynkyn de Worde, no 
 date (1501-1510) 4°. 
 
 Collation : A. B in Sixes, 12 leaves. 
 
 Title (in white on a black ground) 'Stans puer ad mesa'; be- 
 low this block, three woodcuts of a man, a woman, and, between 
 them, a family of children. 
 
 ColopJion (on the last page) : Q Enprynted at London in Flete 
 strete at the sygne of the sonne by me Wynkyn de Worde." 
 
 The book was licensed to Wally in 1557, as we have seen at 
 p. Ixxiv above. Doubtless there were several other old editions 
 of it. • A recast of it is worked into Hewe Eodes's Boke of Nurture, 
 of editions of which before 1575 we know those by Johan Eedman 
 (about 1530), Thomas Colwell, Abraham Veale, Thomas Petyt, 
 and perhaps John Kynge. See my reprint of H, Jackson's edition 
 of 1577 in the Bahees Book. 
 
 1 Caxton's Book of Curtesye, edited by me for the Early English Text 
 Society's Extra Series in 1868, from 2 MSS. and Caxton's unique print. 
 
 A 2 
 
c XXXVIII , Stans Puer ad Mensam. 
 
 The short Latin original Stans Puer ad Mensam, I printed in 
 the Babees BooJc, Part II, p. 30-3, with a literal englishing of it 
 by Professor Seeley. In Part I of the same volume, pages 26-33 
 are two copies of the English paraphrase attributed to Lydgate, 
 from the Lambeth MS. 853, about 1430 a.d., and the Harleian 
 MS. 2251, probably about 1460 a.d. In my second Babees Book, 
 or Queene JSlizahethes AcTiademy &c. E. E. Text Soc. 1869, p. 56-64, 
 is a much expanded version of tlie Stans Puer from the Ashmole 
 MS. 61, after 1460 a.d. Of the shorter English version Mr. 
 Halliwell printed a copy in Beliquice Antiqtice, i. 156-8 from the 
 MS. 2. r. 8, at Jesus College, Cambridge ; and Mr. W. C. Hazlitt 
 printed the same copy, in his JEarly Popular Poetry, iii. 23, but 
 collated with three MSS. in the British Museum, Harl. 4011, 
 Lansdowne 699, and Additional 5467. There are other copies of 
 the poem in Ashmole MS. 59, art. 57, &c., and a differing version 
 in Cott. Calig. A ii. leaf 13. 
 
 The poem tells a youth, that when he stands before his sove- 
 reign at the table, he's not to speak recklessly, and is to keep his 
 hands still ; not to stare about, lean against a post, look at the 
 wall, pick his nose, or scratch himself ; to look steadily at the 
 man who speaks to him, and not cast his head lumpishly down ; 
 not to laugh wantonly before his lord, and to walk demurely in 
 the streets. Before meals, the youth is to clean his nails, and 
 wash his hands. At meals, he's not to press up to too high a 
 seat, or be too hasty to eat; he's not to grin, make faces, or shout ; 
 not to stuff his jaws too full, or drink too fast. He's to keep his 
 lips clean, and wipe his spoon ; not to make sops of his bread, 
 drink with a dirty mouth, dirty the tablecloth, or pick his teeth 
 with his knife. He's not to swear or talk ribaldry, or take the 
 best morsels, but to share with his fellows, eat up his scraps, and 
 keep his nails from getting black. Also, he's not to bring up 
 anew old complaints, or play with his knife, shuffle his feet about, 
 spill the broth over liis chest, use dirty knives, or fill his spoon too 
 full. He's to be quick in doing whatever his lord orders ; to take 
 salt with his knife, and not to dip his meat in the salt cellar ; not 
 to blow in the general cup, or quarrel with his fellows, or interrupt 
 any man telling a story. He's to drink ale and wine only in 
 moderation ; not to talk too much ; and is to be gentle and tract- 
 able, but not over soft, and not revengeful. Lastly, children who 
 don't behave well are to have the rod. But if they attend to this 
 ' litil balade,' it will lead them into all virtues. 
 
XXXI X. The Hy Way to the Spitl-house. ci 
 
 XXXIX. The Hy Way to the Spill-liouse. Of this very im- 
 portant and interesting sketch of the broken-downs, scamps, and 
 rogues, — the resorters to Bartholomew's Hospital — in Henry 
 VIII's time, after the Statute 22nd Henry VIII (1530-1) 
 against vagabonds (1. 375), and after the Reformation was esta- 
 blished (1. 551 of the poem) we have only copies of one edition, 
 printed by the autlior and printer of the poem, Kobert Copland. 
 He printed it at the shop where, after at least 22 years' work, he 
 was succeeded by William Copland (? his younger brother, or son) 
 in 1547 or -8, the Rose-garland in Fletestrete'. Mr. Utterson 
 reprinted the Ily Way in his Select Pieces of Early Popular Poetry, 
 1817, and Mr. W. C. Hazlitt also reprinted it in his Early Popular 
 Poetry, 1866, iv. 17. After a Prologue, Copland tells us that 
 about a fortnight after Hallowmas or AW Saints' Day, JSTov. 1, 
 (the beggars' jubilee,) he took refuge from a storm under the 
 porch of a hospital (Bartholomew's), and while there, talked to 
 the porter, and saw a crowd of poor miserable people, and beggars, 
 gather at the gate. (The hospital then gave temporary lodging 
 to almost all the needy, as well as a permanent home to the 
 deserving poor and sick; and Sisters attended to them.) Copland 
 asks the Porter about the different classes of people who come to 
 the hospital ; and in their long talk — the poem is 1097 lines — all 
 classes of the poor, the ne'er-do-weels, and the rascals, are de- 
 scribed and discussed : twenty-three sets of them, I make. 
 
 First, Vagabonds^ are rejected, and they lie huddled together 
 like beasts about Smithfield market and places near, chiding and 
 
 ^ William Copland's dated Rose-Garland books range from 1548 to 1557 ; 
 ho afterwards moved to the Three Cranes in the Vintry, whence two of his 
 dated books are Tyndale's Parable of the Wicked Mammon, 1661, and a 
 NEVVE BOKE (of prayers etc., at Lambeth) 1661 ; lastly, he moved to 
 Lothbury, whence ho issued no dated boolc, ho far as I know, but Andrew 
 Boorde's First Boke of the Introduction of Ivnowledge that he printed at 
 Lothbury was licensed in 1562-3. The full title of the Netvc Boke is "(J A 
 NEVVE BOKE / Conteyninge. / An exortacio)* to the sicke / The sycko 
 mans prayer. / A prayer with thankes, / at tliQ purificatio« of womow / A Con- 
 solatiow at buriall. / Colossi, iii. / (J What soeucr ye do in / word or dede, do 
 al in the / name of the Lord lesu, & / geue thankes vnto God / the father by 
 hym. / M. D. LXl. /" Gollation. A B G in eights, D in four, (D ii signesd 
 B iii), the last leaf blank. Colophon. "(J Imprinted at London in / saynt 
 Martines in the / Vintry vpon the thre / craned wharfe by / Wyllyam / Cop- 
 land. / (.-.) / " (The / marks the end of a line.) 
 
 - I ought to have referred to Robert Copland as one of Awdeley's and Har- 
 man's forerunners, in my Preface to their Vagabond-treatises, E. E. T. Soc. 
 Extra Series, 1869. 
 
cii XXXIX. The Hy Way to the Spitl-house. 
 
 brawling. 2, the persons admitted are the old, sick, and impo- 
 tent, women in childbed, honest folk fallen in mischance, wayfaring 
 men, maimed soldiers, and bedridden folk : all others have lodging 
 for a night or two : — the modern Refuge, Poor-house, and Hos- 
 pital, in one. — 3, the Beggars, who work in pairs, one asking 
 bygoers to take pity on the other: then one pulls out lid., says 
 ' we've had a bad day, but let's go dine.' These don't come to the 
 Hospital ; their haunts are in Barbican, Turnmill St. (the whores' 
 quarter), Houndsditch, and behind the Fleet; and there they revel 
 and get drunk, lying like swine on their backs. Some beggar- 
 masters have men under them, who sham diseases, put soap in 
 their mouths to make 'em foam etc. These only come to the 
 Hospital when they're sick indeed. 4, the Masterless Men, who 
 say they've served the King abroad, and beg for help till they get 
 a fresh service. Of these are 2 classes, a open beggars, ragged 
 and lowsy, who prowl about and steal ; b Nightingales of New- 
 gate, who walk about decently drest — ' In theyr hose trussed 
 rounde to theyr dowblettes ' — telling you where they've fought, 
 or that they've been unjustly imprisoned, and then set free: all 
 over the country they go, and they'll rob you of purse and clothes 
 if they get a chance ; and then at night dress up in sword, 
 buckler, and short dagger, swear, brag, and * passe the tyme with 
 daunce, hore, pipe, (and) thefe.' These at last come to the gal- 
 lows or the Hospital. Ah, says Copland, the Vagabond Act of 
 1530-1 isn't enforced ; and the bawdy brybrous knaves w4io keep 
 these Beggars-lodging-houses are not lookt after. 5. Bogers^, 
 who go about singing and praying, saying that they're poor 
 scholars : 6, Gleivners, whom the Rogers obey as captains, and 
 who say they've taken the degree of priest in the university, and 
 want money to go home and sing their first Mass for their bene- 
 factors : 7 Sapienfs or Quack-doctors, who work in two couples ; 
 the first Doctor affects not to know English ; his mate tells a 
 woman her child is near dying, but the Doctor can cure it. She 
 gives the man money ; the Doctor refuses any, but gives her some 
 powder for her child; and the quacks go on. Next day the 
 second couple come to her house, and say that the child is very 
 bad, they'll stay a fortnight until they make it well. These rogues 
 don't come to the Hospital. 8. Fardoners, whose business the 
 
 * I don't find this, or any of the four next names, in Awdeley or Harman. 
 
XXXI X. The Hy Way io the Spitl-house. ciii 
 
 Reformation has taken away : these do come, though they're as 
 big rogues as the others : 
 
 " For by letters they name them as they be ; 
 P. a Paxdoner : Clewner a C : 
 E. a Eoger : A. an Aiirium : and a Sapyent, S." 
 
 Copland doesn't describe the Auriums, so far as I see. 9. The 
 Porter then describes, in lines 573-743, the unthrifts who come 
 to the Hospital : men with no heart towards God, bad sons, ale- 
 liouse priests, wasteful heirs, poor people dressing finely, careless 
 folk who don't keep accounts, bad landlords, men always going to 
 law, negligent farmers, self-willed people, meddlers, foolish mer- 
 chants and workmen, wasteful rufflers, taverners and innkeepers 
 for whores and thieves, dishonest bakers and brewers, people who 
 marry too young, insolvent merchants, waiters for relations' 
 money, men letting their wives ruin them, etc. 10. Men with 
 shrews for wives. 11. Negligent masters, changeable servants, 
 borrowers, too generous parents, gluttons, untidy careless people. 
 12. Adulterers, swearers, and blasphemers. 13. Sluggards. 14. 
 Usurers and extortioners, if they get poor ; but 15. Thieves and 
 murderers generally go to prison and the gallows. 16. Drunkards 
 — Dutch folk and Flemings are the worst. — 17. Quarrellers. 18. 
 Proud decayed gentry. 19. Hypocrites. 20. Men with wasteful 
 gay wives. 21. Pedlars talking cant, 'the patryng cove' etc. 
 (with a specimen of Cant or Pedlyng Frenche). 22. Mariners of 
 Cock Lord's Boat, unthrifts, the 24 Orders of Knaves^, and the 
 Order of Fools. 23, and last, of women, 
 
 The systerhod of drabbes, sluttes and callets, 
 Do here resorte, with theyr bags and wallets 
 
 And be parteners of the confrary [= fraternity] 1080 
 Of the maynteners of yll husbandry. 
 
 ' To eschue vyce I the vndertoke,' says Robert Copland of his 
 poem, which is a most valuable help to our knowledge of Henry 
 VIII's time, the necessary complement to Halle's Chronicle of 
 the' splendour and gaiety of that king's court life. 
 
 XL. Julian of ^rainford's Testament. Of this second poem by 
 the old printer Eobert Copland, two editions only are known, and 
 they were both printed by William Copland, in black letter. 
 Each contains eight leaves 4to., and the earlier one's title, ac- 
 
 ^ See Awdeley's 25 Orders of Knaves, after his Fraternity e of Vacabondes, 
 in our edition (E. E. T. Soc.) p. 12. 
 
civ XL. Julian of Brainford's Testament. 
 
 cording to a copy made for me by Mr. Gr. Parker, is " Jyl of 
 Breyntford's testament. Newly compiled," with the colophon 
 "Imprented at London in Lothbury ouer agaynst Saint Mar- 
 garytes church by me "Wyllyam Copland." A copy of this edi- 
 tion is in the Bodleian, among Seidell's books, 4to, C. 39. Art. 
 Seld. As it was printed in Lothbury, its date must be 1562 or a 
 few years after. The later edition is called " Jyl of Braintfbrd's 
 testament newly compiled^," and has a colophon " Imprinted at 
 London by me William Copland." According to Mr. J. Payne 
 Collier {Bihl. Cat. i. 15'2-3), the London edition of Jyl of 
 Braintford is earlier than the Lothbury edition of Jyl of Breynt- 
 ford, because the Lothbury edition corrects many mistakes of the 
 London one. But this fact proves to me that the Lothbury edi- 
 tion is the earlier of the two, because it is a commonplace among 
 old-book men that first editions are the correct ones, and reprints 
 the careless ones. The truth of this has been impressed on me 
 by the collations of the 1st and 2nd editions of Wynkyn de 
 Worde's Bohe of Keruinge and Pope Piccolomini's Lucres and 
 Eurialus englished, No. XIY, p. xxxviii above. The date of the 
 later ' London ' edition of Jyl of Braintford must be between 1547 
 and 1567 ; near the latter year, I suppose.^ 
 
 The object of the excellent old printer in writing the poem 
 has been obscured by some readers dwelling only on the coarse- 
 ness of the legacy left by the old alewife (a fart^) to the people 
 whom she satirizes. The poem is really of the same class as 
 The Sye Way to the Spytel Sous, and its main object is to 
 show-up the follies and vices of Henry VIII's time. As Cop- 
 land says of himself when he read the Testament given him : 
 
 It dyd styre me to fall on smylyng, 
 Consyderyng the prety pastyme 
 And rydycle ordre of the ryme, 
 The couert teimies, vnder a mery 
 
 sence, 
 Shewyng of many the blynd insolence, 
 
 Tauntyngof thynges past and to come, 
 Where as my self e was hyt with some : 
 And for that cause I dyd intend 
 After thys maner to haue it pende, 
 Prayeng all them that mery he, 
 If it touch them, not to blame me. 
 
 And again at the end, Eobert Copland says, that his hostess's 
 
 legacies are 
 
 Wylled to them that, without aduysement, 
 Do that thynge waer-of they repent. 
 
 ^ HazUtt's Handbook which spells ' Breyntford.' 
 
 2 I expect that all W. Copland's " London " books were printed at Loth- 
 bury, and possibly after those printed " at London in Lothbury." 
 Compare Chaucer, ia the Frere's Tale. 
 
XL. Julian of Brainford/s Testament. cv 
 
 Only one or two of these 'things' blamed or ridiculed — the 
 treatment of a fair wench, and a thirsty bystander — are right mo- 
 rally ; the rest are all wrong or foolish ; the people who do them, 
 being those who would ultimately have to take refuge in Copland's 
 * Spytel-Hous,' St. Bartholomew's. The setting of the story, the 
 tale to point the moral, is unnecessarily coarse ; but so was Cop- 
 land's time ; we must put up with the rough husk if we get the 
 kernel. 
 
 The old alewife leaves twenty-five of her ' raps ' to twenty-five 
 sets of fools, and one and a half to the curate who makes her 
 will. Let's take the first six as a sample. They are 
 
 (1) ... hym that is angry 
 
 With his frend, and wotes not why. 
 
 2 . . hym that selleth al his herytag-e, 
 And all his lyfe lyueth in seruage ... 
 
 3 He that settes hy no man, nor none by hym, 
 And to promocion fayn wold clym. . . . 
 
 4. He that wyll not leme, and can do nothyng, 
 And with lewed folk is euer conuersyng ... 
 
 5. He that horoweth without aduantage, 
 And euermore renneth in arrerage ... 
 
 6. He that geueth, and kepeth nought at all, 
 And hy kyndnes to pouerte dooth fall. 
 
 Robert Copland says, or pretends, that a mery fellow, John 
 Hardlesay, whom he met at Brentford, and with whom he went 
 to drink at the Eed Lion, at the shambles' end, first explained to 
 him the meaning of Old Jyl's legacy, and gave him a tattered 
 copy of her Testament. 
 
 As this tract has not been reprinted lately (I believe), I shall 
 send it to press shortly, with another of the same class^, The Wyll 
 of the Deuyl, of which a unique copy of the early edition is at 
 Lambeth. I have heard that Mr. J. P. Collier has reprinted a 
 later edition in one of his Series. Mr. Halliwell noticed Jyl of 
 Breyntford in his edition of ' The Pirst Sketch of Shakespeare's 
 Merry Wives of Windsor ' for the Shakespeare Society, 1842, 
 p. 68 ; and he said that the only copy of the earlier edition passed 
 through the hands of Bitson and Heber ; but neither he nor Mr. 
 Collier said where it was when they wrote. Buried in the case 
 of some bibliotaph^, perhaps. 
 
 * The verse ' Talk of Ten Wives on their Husbands' Ware,' by some suc- 
 cessor of the Wife of Bath, and a few other like pieces, will be included in the 
 volume. 2 gee Blades' s Sow to tell a Gaxton, 1870, p. 27. 
 
cvi XLI. Castle of Love. 
 
 XLI. Castle of Love. The original of this, says Mr. W. F. 
 Cosens, is the Carcel de Amor or Prison of Love, by Diego de 
 San Pedro, published in 1492. Diego's poetry, says Mr. Ticknor 
 {Hist. Spanish Lit. 1863, i. 382) " is found in all the Cancioneros 
 G-enerales. He was evidently known at the court of the Catholic 
 sovereigns [Ferdinand and Isabella], and seems to have been 
 favoured there ; but if we may judge from his pi'incipal poem, 
 entitled ' Contempt of Fortune,' his old age was unhappy, and 
 filled with regrets at the follies of his youth. Among these follies, 
 however, he reckons the work of prose fiction which now consti- 
 tutes his only real claim to be remembered. It is called the 
 Prison of Love ' Carcel de Amor,' and was written at the request 
 of Diego Hernandez, a governor of the pages in the time of Fer- 
 dinand and Isabella. 
 
 " It opens with an allegory. The author supposes himself to 
 walk out on a winter's morning, and to find in a wood a fierce, 
 savage-looking person who drags along an unhappy prisoner 
 bound by a chain. This savage is Desire; and his victim is 
 Leriano, the hero of the fiction. San Pedro, from natural sym- 
 pathy, follows them to the Castle or Prison of Love, where, after 
 groping through sundry mystical passages and troubles, he sees 
 the victim fastened to a fiery seat, and enduring the most cruel 
 torments. Leriano tells him that they are in the kingdom of 
 Macedonia, that he is enamoured of Laureola, daughter of its 
 king, and that for his love he is thus cruelly imprisoned ; all of 
 which he illustrates and explains allegorically, and begs the author 
 to carry a message to the lady Laureola. The request is kindly 
 granted, and a correspondence takes place, immediately upon 
 which Leriano is released from his prison, and the allegorical part 
 of the work is brought to an end. 
 
 " From this time the story is much like an episode in one of 
 the tales of chivalry. A rival discovers the attachment between 
 Leriano and Laureola, and, making it appear to the king, her 
 father, as a criminal one, the lady is cast into prison. Leriano 
 challenges her accuser, and defeats him in the lists ; but tlie accu- 
 sation is renewed, and, being fully sustained by false witnesses, 
 Laureola is condemned to death. Leriano rescues her with an 
 armed force, and delivers her to the protection of her uncle, that 
 there may exist no further pretext for malicious interference. 
 The king, exasperated anew, besieges Leriano in his city of Susa. 
 
^lA. Castle of Love. X.hl\. Booget of Demaunds. cvii 
 
 jn the course of the siege, Leriano captures one of the false wit- 
 nesses, and compels him to confess his guilt. The king, on 
 learning this, joyfully receives his daughter again, and shows all 
 favor to her faithful lover. But Laureola, for her own honor's 
 sake, now refuses to hold further intercourse with him ; in conse- 
 quence of which, he takes to his bed, and, with sorrow and fasting, 
 dies. Here the original work ends ; but there is a poor continua- 
 tion of it by Nicolas Nunez, which gives an account of the grief 
 of Laureola, and the return of the author to Spain." 
 
 The style, so far as Diego de San Pedro is concerned, is good 
 for the age ; very pithy, and full of rich aphorisms and antitheses. 
 But there is no skill in the construction of the fable, and the 
 whole work only shows how little romantic fiction was advanced 
 in the time of Ferdinand and Isabella. The Garcel de Amor was, 
 however, very successful. The first edition appeared in 1492 ; 
 two others followed in less than eight years ; and, before a century 
 was completed, it is easy to reckon ten, besides many translations^ 
 
 Mr, F. W. Cosens says : " In G-ayangos and Vedia's Spanish 
 edition of Tichnor is the following note. Torao 3°, p. 546 : — The 
 ' chivalresque-sentimental ' novel to which genus belongs the 
 Garcel de Amour of San Pedro was imported from Italy, but never 
 enjoyed much favour in Spain, rapidly passing away to give place 
 to ' books of chivalry,' which in time became absolute masters of 
 the field." 
 
 XLII. The Booget of Demaunds. This is perhaps " The De- 
 maundes Joyous," a short set of comical Questions and Answers, 
 the first printed edition of which (according to the reprint, which 
 Mr. Collier says had about 50 mistakes) has this Colophon, " Thus 
 endeth y^ Demaundes Joyous / Emprented at London in Flete- 
 stre/te at the sygne of the Sonne^ by / me Wynkyn de worde / In 
 the yere of our / lorde a M / CCCCC / and xi." It was reprinted 
 in 1829 from the unique copy belonging to the late Richard 
 Heber, by Thomas White, and the British Museum copy is 
 inserted between the ' Contents ' and text of Hartshorne's Ancient 
 Metrical Tales, 1829. Mr, Collier has described the book in his 
 Bihl. Gatal. i. 217-18. 
 
 * See Brunet, under San Pedro, iv, 193. The earliest French translation is 
 Za prison damours, Paris, Galiot du Pre, 1526, reprinted in Paris 1627. 
 Others are Lyon 1528, Paris 1533, 1562, etc. 
 
 2 ' swane ' says the reprint, but it's ' Sonne ' says Mr. Collier, Bibl. Cat. i. 218. 
 
cviii XLII. Boogetof Demaunds. XLIII. Hundred Mery Tales. 
 
 Here is a sample of the Demaundes from the careless reprint : 
 " ^ Demaunde. where became y® asse that our lady rode upon. 
 ^ Adams moder dede ete her. ^ Demaunde. who was Adams 
 moder. ^ The erthe. . . • ^ Demaunde. How many calues tayles 
 behoueth to reche frome the erthe to the skye. ^ No more but 
 one if it be longe ynough. . . . ^ Demaunde. What thynge is it 
 that neuer was nor neuer shall be. ^ Neuer mouse made her 
 nest in a cattes ere. • • • ^ Demaunde. why doth an oxe or a cowe 
 lye. Bycause she can not sytte. . • . ^ Demaunde. How many 
 strawes go to a gose nest. ^ None, for lacke of fete. ^ De- 
 maunde. what tyme in the yere bereth a gose moost feders. 
 ^ When the gander is upon her backe." 
 
 Mr. J. M. Ketnble reprinted the Demaundes in his Vercelli 
 Poems for the ^Ifric Society. 
 
 Mr. Halliwell says, however, that Captain Cox's book is pro- 
 bably " Delectable demandes and pleasaunt questions, with their 
 seueral aunswers in matters of loue, naturall causes, with morall 
 and politique deuises. Newly translated out of Frenche into 
 Englishe, this present year of our Lord Grod," 1566, printed by 
 John Cawood in 4to. Dibdin's Ames, iv. 401, No. 2551. I can 
 find no reference to the dwelling-place of any copy of this book. 
 But as we are among Captain Cox's books of 'philosophy . . . 
 beside poetrie and astronomic, and oother hid sciences,' it is more 
 than possible that the Booget of Demaunds was " The Boke of 
 Demaundes of the scyence of Phylosophye and Astronomye. 
 Betwene Kynge Boccus and the Phylosopher Sydracke. Printed 
 by E. Wyer^, no date, 8vo, black letter, A to D in fours," a later 
 edition of which Mr. Collier says is to be understood by the fol- 
 lowing entry in the Stationers' Eegister A, leaf 86, 
 
 nycholas Eecevyd of nycholas Wyer, for his lycense for pryntinge of a boke 
 Wyer intituled tlie demaundes iiijd 
 
 No copy of this edition is specified. 
 
 XLIII. The Hundred Mery Tales. This is one of the best of 
 our old Jest-Books, and is alluded to by Shakspere in his Much 
 Ado about Nothing. We know of only 2 old editions of it, both 
 by Rastell, and of each only one copy is known. The earlier of 
 the two editions is no doubt that of 1526, "A .C. mery talys," 
 
 * Robert Wyer's date is 1534-42, and Eicbard Wyer's 1548-50. both more 
 or less, accordmg to Ames and Dibdin. 
 
XLIII. The Hundred Mery Tales. cix 
 
 whose colophon is "^ Thus endeth the booke of a .C. mery talys. 
 Emprynted at London at the sygne of the Merymayd At Powlys 
 gate next to chepe syde. ^ The yere of our Lorde .M. v. C. xxvi. 
 ^ The xxii. day of Nouewber. Johannes Eastell. ^ Cum preui- 
 legio Eegali." This was re-edited in 186G by the discoverer of it, 
 Dr. Herman Oesterley, from the only perfect copy known, which 
 is in the Eoyal Library of the University of Grottingen. The 
 copy of the later edition by B,astell is imperfect ; it was discovered 
 by the Eev. J. J. Conybeare in 1815, reprinted in the same year 
 as Part II. of Mr. J. W. Singer's Shakespeare Jest-BooTcs (3 Parts 
 1814-16), and again reprinted by Mr. W, C. Hazlitt in his 
 Shakespeare Jest-Books, 1864. Besides many small differences, 
 this later undated edition leaves out 4 tales and three ' morals ' 
 that the 1526 edition has, but puts 3 new tales instead of them. 
 Of the edition by "Walley in 1558^, no copy is known. The 
 character of the book may be gathered from two short tales at the 
 page on which my copy of Dr. Oesterley's edition chances to open, 
 and that next to it, p. 77, 78, — tales of which no originals were 
 known to the Editor of them^ : — 
 
 XLV. Of the plowmannys sonne that sayd he .saw one make 
 a Gose to kreke sweetly. 
 
 There was a certayn ploughmannys sonne of the contrey, of 
 the age ofe .xvi. yeres, that neuer come moche among company, 
 but alway we^t to plough and husbandry / On a tyme this yong 
 lad went to a weddynge with hys fader, when he see one lute 
 vppon a lute^. And when he came home agayne at nyght, his 
 moder askyd hym what sport he hade at weddynge. This lad 
 answeryd and sayd, " by my trouth, moder," quod he, " ther was 
 one that brought in a gose betweene his armys, and tykled her so 
 vppora the nek, that she crekyd the swetlyest that euer I hard 
 gose creke in my lyfe. 
 
 XLYI. Of the maydys answere that was with chylde. 
 In a marchauntys house in London there was a mayd whiche 
 
 ^ See the entry atove, p. Ixxiv. 
 
 ^ The 56th Tale alludes to the Coventry Plays. A parish priest of a village 
 in Warwickshire preaches to his parishioners on the Twelve Articles of the 
 Belief, and winds up thus : " these artycles ye he hounde to heleue, for they 
 he trew, & of auctoryte. And yf you heleue not me / the?!, for a more suerte, 
 & suffycyewt auctoryte / go your way to Couentre / and there ye shall se them 
 all playd in Corpus Cristi playe" (p. 100). Dr. Oesterley notes that these 
 XII Articles of the Creed are in the Chester Play of " The Emission of the 
 Holy Ghost," Chester Plays, vol. ii. p. 134, Shaksp. Soc, 1847. 
 
 ^ See p. 66 helow, as to the shape of the lute. 
 
ex XLIII. Hundred Mery Tales. XLIY. Book of Riddels. 
 
 was gotten with, chylde; to whome the mastres of the house 
 came, & chargyd her to tell who was the fader of the chylde. 
 To whome the mayden answeryd, " forsoth, no body " / " why !" 
 quod the maystres " yt ys not possyble but some manwe muste be 
 the fader thereof." To whome the mayd sayd / " why, mastres ? 
 why may not I haue a chylde without a man, as well as a hen to 
 lay eggys wythout a cok." 
 
 ^ Here ye may see it is harde to fynde a woman wythout an 
 excuse. 
 
 As another old writer says, " excuses are neuer further off women 
 than their apron strings." {Tarlton'' s Newes out of Purgatorie, 
 4to, London, 1590, The Tale of the two lovers of Pisa.) 
 
 XLIV. The Booh of Riddels. This set of questions and answers 
 like the Demaundes Joyous, p. cvii, above, I have not been able 
 to see, and therefore take Mr. J. P, Collier's description of it from 
 his bibliographical Catalogue, ii. 261. Mr. Halliwell says that 
 the 1629 edition of the Book is in the Library of the Earl of 
 Ellesmere. 
 
 " The Booke of mery Eiddles. Together with proper Questions, and wittie 
 Proverbs to make pleasant Pastime. No lesse useful! then behooveful for 
 any yong man or child to know if he be quicke-witted or no. — London. Printed 
 by Edward AUde, dwelling in Little Saint Bartholomewes, neere Christ-church. 
 1600. 8vo. B. L. 24 leaves. 
 
 " "We can very well believe that this was not only " the book of 
 riddles " which Master Slender had lent to Alice Shortcake, but 
 that it was the edition which Shakespeare had in his mind when 
 he wrote " The Merry Wives of "Windsor " about the date when 
 the reprint before us (for such it no doubt was) was brought out. 
 "We take it also, that it was a recent edition of the same " book of 
 riddels" which Laneham in his Letter from Kenilworth mentions 
 in 1575 as in the library of Captain Cox. (See vol. i. p. 451.) 
 
 " How many times it may have been reprinted between 1575 and 
 IGOO it is impossible to state ; but we never find it entered in the 
 Stationers' Eegisters, and the oldest impression hitherto known, 
 until the discovery of the present copy, was of the year 1629, 
 when it was 'printed by T. C. for Michael Sparke, dwelling in 
 Greene Arbor at the signe of the blue Bible.' "We may be sure 
 that such a collection was in great popular demand, but between 
 16811 and 1660 we are aware of no reproduction of it: in 1660 it 
 
 ' " The exact wording of the title-page of the edit. 1631 is : "A Booke of 
 Merrie Riddles. Very meete and delightfull for youth to try their wita. — 
 
XLI V. The Book of Riddels. cxi 
 
 was ' printed for John Stafford and "W. G. and are to be sold at 
 the George near Fleetbridg.' All copies are in black letter, and 
 the intermediate edition of 1631 was printed by Eobert Bird in 
 Cheapside. 
 
 " The Avording of the title-page is nearly the same in all the 
 copies we have been able to examine, but it is to be observed that 
 the impression of 1660, although it announces ' proper questions 
 and witty proverbs,' contains nothing of the kind : nevertheless, 
 it is obviously complete, with the word Finis, and the initials of 
 the publishers, in a chaplet, at the end. The ' proper questions 
 and witty proverbs ' was therefore a false pretence, and the book 
 consists of only 12 leaves. All editions have the following lines 
 opposite the title-page, but they are sometimes differently 
 divided : — 
 
 * Is tlie wit quicke ? 
 
 Then do not sticke 
 To reade these Kiddes darke : 
 
 Which if thou doo, 
 And rightly too, 
 Thou art a witty sparke.' 
 
 Later copies than the one we have used read ' Is thy wit quicke,' 
 and it is perhaps right. The antiquity of some of the riddles is 
 thus established, carrying us back fourteen years anterior to the 
 date of Laneham's Letter from Kenilworth : — 
 
 ■ ' What is that, round as a ball, 
 Longer than Pauls steeple, weather cock & all ?' 
 
 The answer, called ' solution,' is ' It is a round bottome of thread 
 when it is unwound.' Now, we know that the steeple of St. 
 Paul's, with its weathercock, was consumed by fire, occasioned by 
 lightning, in June, 1561. (Stow's Annales, p. 1055, edit. 1605, 
 
 London. Printed for Robert Bird and are to bee soldo at his shoppe in 
 Cheapeside at the sign of the Bible. 1631." 12mo B. L. 11 leaves. 
 
 "We quote the following from the Edit. 1630, the more curious because it 
 contains the words of a very old Catch, then usually sung by ' Ale Knights,' 
 and which has come down to our day. 
 
 Q,. I am foule to be looked unto, i Nutmegs, Ginger, Cinamon and Cloves, 
 
 Yet many seeke me for to win, 
 2>[ot for my beauty, nor my skin, 
 But for my wealth and force to know. 
 Harde is my meate whereby I live, 
 Yet I bring men to dainty fare : 
 If I were not, then Ale-Knights should 
 
 They gave us this jolly red nose. 
 The foure parts of the world I show, 
 The time and howers as the doe goe ; 
 As needfull am I to mankind 
 As any thing that they can find. 
 Many doe take me for their guide, 
 
 To sing this song not be so bold, j Who otherwise would runne aside. 
 
 ' Sol(ulion). It (is) a Loadestone, for without it no Pilot were able to guide 
 a ship in the Ocean Seas.' " 
 
cxii XLIV. The Book of Riddels. 
 
 edit. 1631, p. 647, and this vol. p, 134.) The riddle was therefore 
 older than 1561. 
 
 " Some of the best Eiddles are in ' The Demaundes Joyous^' 
 printed by "Wynken de Worde in 1511, (reviewed in vol. i. p. 217) 
 the first of which is — ' Who bare the best burden that ever was 
 borne ?' and the answer, ' That bare the asse when our lady fled 
 with our lorde into egypte.' It stands thus in our ' Booke of 
 Merry Eiddles,' 1660 — 'Who bare the best burthen that was 
 ever bore at any time since, or at any time before ?' with the fol- 
 lowing ' solution :' ' It was the Asse that bare both our Lady and 
 her son into Egypt.' Again, in the ' Demaundes Joyous ' we 
 have, just afterwards — ' What space is from y^ hyest space of the 
 se to the depest ?' — ' But a stones cast.' In our more modern 
 form it is given as follows — ' What space is from the highest of 
 the sea to the bottom ? — Solut. A stones cast, for a stone throwne 
 in, be it never so deepe, will go to the bottome.' A third instance 
 from the * Demaundes Joyous ' is this — ' How many calves 
 tayles behoueth to reche from the erthe to the skye ? — No more 
 but one, if it be longe enough.' The Eiddle-book of 1600 has in 
 it nearly the same terms — ' How manie Calves tailes will reach to 
 the sky ? — Solut. One, if it bee long enough.' The two last are 
 precisely the same in the impressions of 1629, 1631 and 1660. 
 
 " The following was no doubt, invented and printed before the 
 Eeformation, but it is not in the ' Demaundes Joyous ' for ob- 
 vious reasons : ' Of what faculty be they that everie night turn 
 the skins of dead beastes ? Solution. Those be Fryars, for everie 
 night at Mattins [Vespers] ? they turn the leaves of their parch- 
 ment bookes that be made of sheep skins, or calfes skins.' The 
 following is of a different character to the riddles we have already 
 noticed, but it is not at first very intelligible : — 
 
 * L and V and C and I, 
 So hight my Lady at the Font stone.' 
 
 The * solution,' so to call it, is thus given : ' Her name is Lucy, for 
 in the first line is LVCI, which is Lucy : but the Eiddle must be 
 put and read thus : fifty and five, a hundred and one : then is the 
 riddle very proper, for L standeth for fifty, & V for five, C for an 
 hundred and I for one.' 
 
 • See No. XLII, p. cvii, above. 
 
XLIV. The Book of Riddels. exiii 
 
 " Some are in rhyme, as the following, which is in substance and 
 in prose, also in the ' Demaundes Joyous :' — 
 
 * A -water there is wMcli I must passe ; I And yet of all waters that ever I see 
 a broader water there never was, | To pass it over is lest jeopardie.' 
 
 The solution in 1600 is " It is the due [dew] for that lyeth over 
 all the world :" * Demaundes Joyous ' adds " Which is the broad- 
 est water and the leest jeopardye to passe over." 
 
 " The most curious and interesting part of this little volume con- 
 sists of a list of ' witty Proverbs,' which as we have stated, are 
 altogether omitted in the reprint of 1660. They are entirely 
 miscellaneous, and we select only a few of the most pointed and 
 satirical. 
 
 ' There is no vertue that povertie destroyetli not. 
 All weapons of warre cannot arme feare. 
 Chuse not a woman, nor linnen cloth, by a candle. 
 He helps little that helpeth not himselfe. 
 He knoweth enough that knoweth nothing, if so bee hee know 
 how to holde his peace. 
 
 He danceth well enough to whom Fortune pipeth. 
 
 He that liveth in Court dyeth upon straw. 
 
 That is well done is done soon enough. 
 
 Marvell is the daughter of ignorance. 
 
 The deeds are manly, and the words womanly. 
 
 He that soweth vertue shall reape fame. 
 
 The hearts mirth doth make the face fayre. 
 
 He that is in poverty is still in suspition. 
 
 He that goeth to bed with dogs riseth with fleas, 
 
 Fryars observants spare their owne, and eate other mens. 
 
 All draw water to their owne mill.' 
 
 " In the whole there are 131 of the Proverbs. 
 " The following shows that some of the proverbs are of foreign 
 origin : — 
 
 ' Venice, hee that doth not see thee doth not esteeme thee.' 
 
 This is, of course, Shakespeare's ' Yenezia, Venezia, chi non te vede 
 non te pregia^' (L. L. L., A. iv. sc. 2) which, perhaps, he had from 
 Plorio's ' Second Fruits ' 1591, but without the sequel ; which, 
 
 * In the Folio, vemehie, vencha, que non te vnde, que non te perreche, Booth's 
 reprint, p. 132, col. 1. 
 
cxiv XLIV. Book of Riddels. XLV. Seauen Sororz of Wemen. 
 
 among other places, we meet with in Howel's Letters, p. 53, edit. 
 
 1655, 
 
 ' Venetia Venetia, cM non te vede non te pregia, 
 Ma che t' ha troppo veduto te dispregia :' 
 
 "Which has been thus translated : — 
 
 ' He who ne'er saw thee, Venice, cannot prize thee. 
 He who too much has seen thee must despise thee.' 
 
 Thus we see that our great dramatist may be illustrated from the 
 most unlikely sources, for there was nothing too vast for his intel- 
 lect, nor too insignificant for his observation. The small book of 
 Eiddles in our hands throws light upon two of his noble dramas." 
 
 XLV. The Seauen Sororz of Wemen. *I am not acquainted 
 with any tract bearing this title,' says Mr. Halliwell, and so say I. 
 Any one who has not read the curious set of poems on Women in 
 Mr. Hazlitt's 4th volume of Early Pcypular Poetry, 1866, should 
 read them forthwith : they are The Payne and Sorowe of Evyll 
 Maryage, The Boke of Mayd Emlyn, The Schole-house of 
 Women, The Proude Wyues Pater-noster (see nest article here), 
 A merry Jeste of a Shrewde and curste Wyfe lapped in Morelles 
 skin (see No. XXVI. p. Ixiv above), A Treatyse shewing and de- 
 claring the Pryde and Abuse of Women NowaDayes, and A Glasse 
 to Viewe the Pride of Vaine-G-lorious Women. 
 
 XLVI. The Proud Wives Paternoster. Customs founded on 
 the weaknesses of human nature abide ; and as women in early days 
 didn't like going to church when it rained {Babees BooJc, p. 36, 1. 12), 
 so they don't now ; as, when there in old time, they lookt at one 
 another's dresses, envied their neighbours' finery and resolved to 
 outdo it, so they do now, more or less ; and as men of old quizzed 
 them for it, and protested against waste of money on overgay 
 frocks &c., so do some now. When will women dress as comfort 
 and good sense (and men ?) dictate, and not to outbrave other 
 women, or imitate nasty French models? But one mustn't 
 grumble at small faults in great goods, and I hope we're on the 
 mend : short frocks are in, chignons out ; may sausages and pads 
 soon disappear, and female heads retake their natural shape ! 
 
 The Proud Wife goes to church, like other wives, thinking 
 how ' to go gaye' and ' as gorgyous as other.' She says the clauses 
 of the Pater Noster, and adds thought-tags not in the original 
 Lord's Prayer, whereof here is a specimen : 
 
XLVL The Proud Wives Paternoster. cxv 
 
 IT Adueniat regnian tuum — tliy kingdom come to vs 
 
 After this lyfe, when we hens shall wende ! (1. 50) 
 
 But whyle we be here now, swete Jesus, 
 
 As other women haue, suche grace in me sende, 
 That I may haue, Lorde, my heede in to wrap, 
 
 After the guyse, kerchefes that he fyne/ 
 And theron to sette some lusty trymme cap, 
 
 With smockes wel wrought, sonde -with, sylkew twyne. 
 
 II Fiat voluntas tua — thy well [will] fulfilled be 
 
 Lorde god, alway ! as thys tyme doth requyre : 
 And as my gossep that sytteth here by me. 
 
 So let me be trymmed : nought elles I desyre. ... (1. 60) 
 
 IT Sicut in eelo et in terra — ^in heauen as in erthe ; (1. 65) 
 
 Yt is alway sene, go we neuer so farre, 
 That women aboue all, the beaute bereth ; 
 
 And without gaye gere our beaute we marre ; 
 Therfore, good lorde, let this be a-mende, 
 
 And gaye gere to were, that I may haue, (1. 70) 
 
 Or elles my lyfe wjdl haue an ende : 
 
 For very pure thought [anxiety], nought can me saue. 
 
 The Proud "Wife nearly swoons; but her gossip wrings her 
 finger and revives her, and then sympathises with her in her 
 trouble — the stinginess of her husband who won't give her money 
 to buy fine clothes. The Gossip tells her how to manage the man: 
 take a third of his gains, and spend it on ' rybandes of sylke . . 
 with tryangles trymly made poynte deuyse,' ' fyne hoose,' and ' trym 
 shos ;'^ then ask him for whatever she wants, but not when he's 
 angry ; crave it with loving countenance and fair words, asking 
 only for small trifles at first, and then she'll get whatever large 
 gifts she wants. But if he won't attend to her, and plays the 
 churl, then the "Wife must do so too, seize half of his goods — half 
 is hers, and half his. 
 
 The Proud Wife says she shall get nothing but fists and staves 
 if she does ask her husband for money, and so she shall take what 
 she can, and get another mate. After service, though, she does 
 ask her goodtnan, and he quietly reasons with her; tells her he's 
 
 '' Compare Chaucer's Wife of Bath, Frol. Cant. Tales, 1. 453-5. (Group A, 
 S^ 1) : 
 
 Hir eouerchiefs / fnlfi/ne weren of grounds 
 I dorste swere / they weyeden ten pounds 
 That 071 a Sonday / weren vpon hir heede 
 
 ^ Compare again Chaucer's Wife, 
 
 Hir hosen weren oifiyn scarlet reede 
 
 fful streite jiieyd / and shoes ful moyste and newe. 
 
 ih. 1. 456-7, EUesmere MS. 
 
 % 2 
 
cxvi XL VI. The Proud Wives Paternoster. 
 
 in debt, has only £20 to pay a hundred with, wears simple clothes 
 himself, and cannot give her anything unless he steals it. His 
 "Wife only abuses and threatens him ; and he, poor man, goes to 
 consult his curate about it. After Mass, the priest can only say, 
 ' do well and trust in God ;' and the poor man goes home, to 
 find that his wife has carried off all his 'short endes & mony 
 that he had in store,' so that he's undone for ever. 
 
 " Suche Pater Noster some wyues do saye." But instead of 
 it they'd better say ' the gow[ld]en Paternoster of deuociou,' of 
 which we'll quote one stanza, 1. 521-8 : 
 
 Chryt Jesu our kynge, and his mother dere, 
 
 Be in our nede our socour and comforte, 
 Our soules from syime to preserue clere, 
 
 That the flame of charyte in vs reporte ; 
 To whom that we may resorte 
 
 With blisful armony both all and summe ; 
 Swete Jesus ! for vs exhorte, 
 
 That vnto us — Adueniat regnum tmim. 
 
 This abstract is made from Mr. W. C. Hazlitt's reprint of the 
 two poems in Early Popular Poetry iv. 147-178, from the undated 
 edition in the Bodleian, by Kynge, 576 lines. John Awdeley's 
 edition, licensed on Aug. 14, 1560 (see the next article) has not 
 come down to us, but we have two editions by John Kynge, one 
 dated 1560, and the other undated : — 
 
 The Proude Wyves Pater noster that wolde go gaye, and undyd her Hus- 
 bonde and went her waye. Anno Domini MDLX. [With a woodcut on the 
 title of a man with purses at his girdle. Colophon] Imprinted at London iu 
 Paides Churche yearde at the Sygne of the Swane by John Kynge. 4to, black 
 letter. 
 
 The License for this on June 10, 1560, has been already quoted 
 from the Stationers' Register A, at p. xxiii above. The only copy 
 now known is, I suppose, in Lord Ellesmere's Library (^Collier's 
 Bill. Account, ii. 201). The title of the unique Bodleian copy is 
 
 The Proude wyues Pater noster, that wolde go gaye, and vndyd her hus- 
 bonde and went her waye. [With a woodcut on the title of two women con- 
 versing, the righthand one the same as that on p. 167 of my reprint of Boorde's 
 Introduction of Knowledge. Colophon.] 11 Imprinted at London in Paulea 
 Churcheyearde at the Sygne of the Swane by John Kynge. 4to. black 
 letter, {fiazlitt^ 
 
 XL VII. The Chapman of a Peneworth of Wit. This is the poem 
 printed by Ritson in his Ancient Popular Poetry, 1791, from the 
 Cambr. Univ. Libr. MS. Ff ii. 38, and by Mr. W. C. Hazlitt, in 
 his Early Popular Poetry, vol. i. p. 193 — from the Harl. MS. 
 
XLVII. The Chapman of a Peneworth of Wit. cxvii 
 
 5396, the Auchinleck MS. (as printed by Mr. D. Laing) and the 
 Cambridge MS. — under its other title of " How a Merchande 
 dyd hys wyfe betray." An edition that has not reacht lis was 
 licensed on Aug. 14, 1560. 
 
 " Ef of John Sampson,! for his Lycense for tJiQ prynting of the 
 proude wyues pater noster : apanyworthofwytt, and the plowmans 
 pater noster, the xiiij of auguste xij*^ " 
 
 Other editions were licensed to John Charlwood on 15 January 
 1581-2 {Collier's Stat. Beg. ii. 155) and to Edward White on 16 
 August, 1586 {lb. p. 213), but they have not reacht us, nor has 
 any other early printed copy. The earliest MS. of the poem is 
 the Auchinleck, 1320-30 a.d., edited by Mr. David Laing for 
 the Abbotsford Club in 1857, as " A Penni-worth of Witte, Elorice 
 and Blancheflour, and other Pieces of Antient English Poetry." 
 It contains a few lines more than the MSS of 100 or 120 years 
 later printed by Ritson and Mr. Hazlitt ; but the Harleian MS. 
 only contains half the poem. Mr. Laing says that the origin of 
 the poem is the fabliau of " La Bourse pleine de sens" printed in 
 the third volume of Barbazan's collection of Fahliaux et Contes, 
 ed. 1808. 
 
 A merchant has a true wife, but neglects her for a paramour or 
 concubine, to whom he gives rich gifts. When he is going to sea, 
 he asks his wife whether she has any money to give him to buy 
 her a present. She gives him a penny to buy her a Pennyworth 
 of Wit, and keep it in his heart. The merchant sails to France, 
 and buys his leman brooches, jewelry, and many fair things. Then, 
 in the hearing of an old man, he wonders where he can get a 
 pennyworth of wit for his wife. The old man answers ' Have you 
 a leman or a wife ?' ' Both,' says the merchant, ' and I love my 
 paramour best.' ' Then,' says the old man, ' when you get home, 
 put on old clothes ; say that you've been shipwrecked, have lost 
 everything, and have slain a man ; ask for a night's refuge ; and 
 live with the v.'oman who treats you best,' For this Pennyworth, 
 the merchant pays his wife's penny, and acts on the advice. Hia 
 paramour sees him coming in old clothes, declares she won't admit 
 him : and on hearing his story, threatens to fetch the bailiffs ii 
 
 • He is Awdeley, who wrote tlie Fraternitye of Vacabondes, and was called 
 Sampson Awdley, or John Sampson. There's an entry in the Stat. Reg. with 
 his aJiases. (See the Fraternitye, with Harman's Caueat, E. E. T. Soc. 1869.) 
 
cxviii XLVII. The Chapman of a Peneworth of Wit. 
 
 he doesn't go off. He does go, to his wife ; and she receives him 
 gladly, like the Nutbrown Maid, says she'll shelter him, work for 
 him, beg his pardon of the king ; " I will never forsake thee in 
 thy woe !" He sleeps with her ; and next morning dresses himself 
 richly, and goes to his paramour. She now is eager to kiss him 
 and abuse his wife. But he won't have it. She puts down all 
 the presents he has given her, £400 worth ; and he sends them 
 home to his wife as her own, bought with her penny ; and lives 
 with her happily ever after. 
 
 III. Captain Cox's Ancient Plats. 
 
 "We have now reacht another division of Captain Cox's books, 
 his four " auncient Playz." Of these, the first, 
 
 XL VIII. Yooth and Charitee, is no doubt that of which an- 
 other edition was licensed to John Wally or Waley in 1557, and 
 the entry of which, already quoted at p. Ixxiv, is among the earliest 
 in the Stationers' Eegister A, and is on leaf 22 : 
 
 To mr. John Wally these bokes, Called Welthe and helthe / the treatise of the 
 ffrere and the hoye^ / stans puer ad mensam^ ; a nother, youghte, charyte, and 
 humylyte ; an a b c for cheldren, in englesshe, w«tA syllabes ; also a boke 
 called an hundreth mery tayles^ ijs 
 
 A copy of this edition— or perhaps a later and more carelessly 
 printed one from the same press* — is in the British Museum (C. 34. 
 b. 24) " The^iterlude of youth" over cuts of Charitie and Youth, 
 with the colophon, " Imprinted at London by John waley / dwell- 
 yng in Foster lane." Another edition is also in the Museum 
 (C. 34, e. 38) " The Enterlude of youth," over cuts of Charite, 
 Youth (the cut used in Boorde's Introduction of Knowledge, for 
 a Bohemian, p. 166 of my reprint 1870) and a third figure for 
 Humility (the cut in Boorde's Introduction, for a Dane, p. 162 of 
 my reprint) ; and as the colophon is " Imprinted at London in 
 Lothbury over a . / gainst Sainct Margarytes church by me / 
 Wyllyam Copland . / ," the date of the book must be 1562 or 
 after, as Copland was at the Three Craned wharf in the Vintry 
 in 1561, and at the Rose Grarland, Fleet St. before that^. The 
 Eev. S. E. Maitland in his Barly Printed BooTcs at Lamletli 
 
 ' See No. XXXI, p. Ixxiii, above. ^ ggg XXXVIII. p. xcix, above. 
 
 ^ See No. XLIII. p. cviii, above. 
 
 * See p. cix. I don't suppose that Coplande printed from Waley's edition. 
 
 * See p. xlviii, above. 
 
XLVIII. Yooth and Charitee. XLlX. Hikskorner. cxix 
 
 1843, p. 309 &c. reprints a fragment of four leaves of another 
 edition^. 
 
 Charity tries to persuade Youth to follow G-od's laws, but 
 Youth scorns him, and threatens to stab him ; so he goes away 
 to fetch Humility to convince Youth. Then comes Eiot from 
 Newgate, and promises Youth some wine and a wench at the 
 tavern, and gets him Pride as his servant. Pride suggests that 
 Youth shall take a wife ; but Eiot poohpoohs this, and says he 
 must have Pride's sister. Lady Lechery, as his lemman. She comes, 
 to Youth's delight, and they are all going off to the tavern, where 
 Pride is to be Rector Chori (see my pref. to Awdeley etc., p. xv), 
 when Charity interrupts them ; but they chain him hand and foot, 
 and go on. Humility then comes up, nnd looses Charity, and the 
 tavern party come back to them. A dispute for Youth follows : 
 At first he promises to follow Riot ; but, on hearing from Charity 
 how Jesus bought back men from hell with his blood, desires to 
 save his soul, and betakes himself to G-od. 
 
 As a sample of the play, and the 2 editions (of which Copland's 
 is the more correct), take Riot's speech as to what he can teach 
 Youth, sign C. iiii. 
 
 lohn Waley, 1557. 
 
 Syr [I] can teache you to play at the 
 
 dice, 
 At the quenes game, and at the 
 
 Iryshe, 
 The Treygohet and the hasarde also. 
 And many other games mo. 
 Also at the cardes I can theche you 
 
 to play, 
 At the triump, and one and thyrtye, 
 Post, pinion, and also aumsase, 
 And at an^ other they call dewsace. 
 Yet I can tel you more, & ye wyll 
 
 con me thanke, 
 Pinke, and drinke, and also at the 
 
 hlanke. 
 And many sportes mo. 
 
 Wyllyam Copland, after 156P. 
 
 Syr, I can teache you to play at the 
 
 dice, 
 At the quenes game, and at the 
 
 Iryshe*, 
 The Treygohet, and the hasarde also. 
 And many other games mo. 
 Also at the cardes I can teche you to 
 
 play. 
 At the triumph, and on and thirtye, 
 Post, pinion, and also aumsase, 
 And at an other they call dewsace. 
 Yet I can tel you mor, & ye will 
 
 con me thanke, 
 Pinke, and drinke, and also at the 
 
 hlanke, 
 And mane sportes mo. 
 
 XLIX. Hikskorner. Title " Hycke scorner " in a riband over a 
 treble woodcut, with 3 single cuts below (the middle one an ele- 
 phant with a castle on its back), and on the back, six single cuts 
 
 ' Maitland had not seen Waley's edition in the Museum. I have compared 
 his extracts with Waley's and Copland's books. 
 
 * He printed hooks in 1567 ; p. xxxviii-xxxix, above. ^ ad, orig. 
 
 * A kind of backgammon. JSazUtt's Brand, ii. 315. 
 
cxx XLIX. Hikskorner. 
 
 of 1. Cowtempla[tion], 2 Pyte, 3 Frewyll, 4. Imagyna[cion], 
 5 Hyckscorner, 6. Perseue[rance] ; of which no. 4 was afterwards 
 used by Wm. Ceplande for a Saxon, a Spaniard, an Egyptian, etc. 
 in Boorde's Introduction of Knowledge (p. 165 etc. of my reprint) ; 
 no. 2 for a Lombard, and a Latin man, by W. Copland, ib. p. 186 ; 
 and for Boorde^, by E. Wyer, ib. p. 305 ; and no. 5 by "W. Coplande 
 for a Bohemian, ib. p. 166. 
 
 The colophon is " Enprynted by me Wynkyn de Worde," over 
 his device, the Sun and 2 planets ringed with stars, Caxton's 
 monogram ' W C ' below, and * wynkyn de worde,' with his orna- 
 ments underneath. 
 
 First appear, one after the other, Pyte, Contemplacyon, and 
 Perseuerance, each describing himself, and Pity complaining of 
 the poverty then existing, how unkind rich men are, and how 
 lords force widows to marry their men. Then comes Frewyll, 
 boasting of his drinking and wenching, and calls Imagynacyon, 
 who has been in the stocks, and lost his purse on a girl ; who 
 describes himself as the friend of lawyers and all who like lies ; and 
 who tells some of his tricks. To them comes Hyckscorner, from 
 * the londe of rumbelowe, thre myle out of hell,' and divers other 
 places, but last from the sea, wherein all the good people going to 
 Ireland were drowned, while all the bad ones in his ship, where he 
 kept a shop of bawdry, got to England safe. Imagynacyon proposes 
 a visit to the stews ; a quarrel follows ; and when Pyte comes up to 
 stop it, they all turn on him, chain his feet, and bind his hands 
 with a halter. Pyte then moans over the state of England, and 
 his rymes may be quoted as a sample of the play : 
 
 We all may say wele away 
 For synne that is now-adaye 
 Loo ! vertue is vanysslied for euer and aye ; 
 "Worse was liyt neuer ! 
 
 "We haue plente of great othes, 
 And clothe ynoughe in our clbthes. 
 But charyte many men loth.es : 
 
 Worse was hyt neuer ! 
 Alas! now is lechery called loue in dede, (B. iii.) 
 
 And murdure named manhode in euery nede ; 
 Extorsyon is called lawe, so god me spede ! 
 
 Worse was hyt neuer ! 
 
 See p. 170, 188 of Introduction, and Moxhurghe Ballads, reprint, i. 164. 
 These 2 lines are one in the original. 
 
XLIX. Hikskorner. cxxi 
 
 Youtli walketh. by nygM witli swerdes & knyues, 
 And euer amonge, true men leseth theyr lyues. 
 Lyke heretykes, we occupy other mennes wyues 
 
 Now a dayes in engionde. 
 Baudes be thG dystryers of many yonge women, 
 And full lewde counseyll they gyue vnto them : 
 How you do mary, beware you yonge men ! 
 
 The wyfe neuer taryeth to longe. 
 
 There be many grete scomers, 
 
 But for synne there be fewe mourners ; 
 
 "We haue but fewe true loners 
 
 In no place now a dayes. 
 There be many goodly gylte knyues. 
 And, I trowe, as well apparaylled wyues, 
 Yet many of them be vnthryfty of theyr lyues, 
 
 And all set in pryde to go gaye. 
 
 Mayers on synne dooth no correccyon. 
 "With gentyll men bereth trouthe adowne ; 
 Auoutry is sufired in euery toAvne ; 
 
 Amendyment is there none. 
 And goddes cowmauwdementes, we brake them all .x. 
 Deuocyon is gone, many dayes syn : 
 Let vs amende vs, we trewe crysten men, 
 
 Or deth make you grone ! 
 
 Courtyers go gaye, and take lytell wages, 
 
 And many with harlottes at the taueme hauntes ; 
 
 They be yemen of the wrethe that be shakled in gyues, 
 
 On themselfe they haue no pyte. [B iii back] 
 
 God punyssheth full sore with grete sekenesse. 
 As pockes, pestylence, purple, and axes, — 
 Some dyeth sodeynly that deth full perylous, — 
 
 Yet was there neuer so grete pouerte ! 
 
 There be some sermones made by noble doctoures ; 
 But tridy the fende dothe stoppe mennes eres ; 
 For god, nor good man, some people not feres : 
 
 Worse was hyt neuer ! 
 All trouth is not best sayd. 
 And our prechers now a dayes be halfe afrayde. 
 Whan we do amende, god wolde be well apayde : 
 
 Worse was hyt neuer ! 
 
 Couteraplacyon and Perseuerance loose Pyte, and he starts to 
 arrest Hyckscorner and his mates. Meantime Prewyll comes 
 back, and relates his and Imagynacyon's thefts. Perseuerance 
 and Contemplacyon argue with him ; and though he scorns them 
 at first, he at last agrees to be sorry for his sins and save his soul. 
 To them comes Imagynacyon ; and he also, after much of his chafi", 
 is persuaded to reform, and serve Perseuerance, while Frewyll 
 serves Contemplacyon, both converting others. Of Hyckescorner's 
 end nothing is said. 
 
L. ITtc Gize, or the New G-uise. This is, no doubt, the Inter- 
 lude published two years before Laneham wrote, ' for the purpose 
 of vindicating and promoting the Eeformation.' It was reprinted 
 in the last edition of Dodsley ; and copies of the original are in 
 the British Museum (two), Bodleian (among Malone's books), 
 Bridgewater House, Mr. Henry Huth's library, &e. " A New 
 Enterlude / No lesse wittie : then pleasant, entituled / new Cus- 
 tome, devised of late, and for diuerse / causes nowe set forthe, 
 neuer before / this tyme Imprinted. / 1573. / 
 
 The players names in this / Enterlude be these. / 
 
 The Prologue 
 
 Feruerse Doctrine an olde Popishe priest. 
 
 Ignoraunce an other, but elder. 
 
 Newcusto7ne a minister. 
 
 Light of the gospell a minister. 
 
 Hypocrisie an olde "woman. 
 
 Creweltie a Eiiffler. 
 
 Auarice a Ruffler. 
 
 Edijicatiott a Sage. 
 
 Assurance a Vertue. 
 
 Goddes felicitie a Sage. 
 
 "[[ Fewer may play this Enterlude. 
 
 J [ Newe Gustome. 
 
 1 < Peruersedoctrine 3 < Auarice. 
 
 ^ ( Assurance. 
 
 f Ignoraunce ( Light of the Gospell. 
 
 2 < Hypocrisie . \ Creweltie. 
 
 C and Edification. • -~ - - 
 
 ( The Prologue. 
 
 [Col] " Imprinted at London in Fleetestreete by William How 
 for Abraham Veale, dwelling in Panics churche yarde at the signe 
 of the Lambe." 4to. black letter, A, B, C, D, in fours, 16 leaves. 
 
 Perverse-Doctrine opens the play by complaining of the ' newe- 
 fangled pratling elfes' who ' go about, vs auncients flatly to deface;' 
 and specially of one young preacher who ' in London not longe 
 since' in a Sermon reviled at the holy sacrament and transub- 
 stantiation, disallowed the Popish rites, and said they were all 
 superstition. Scene 2 brings in New-Custome lamenting the ills 
 of his time, and contrasting them with the good old ' auncient 
 times before'. As the writer clearly knew little of the latter, 
 
 when, 
 
 . . in comparison of this time of miserie, 
 In those dales men lyued in perfect felicitie, 
 
L. Nu Gize. Cxxiit 
 
 we had better take his account of the former. 
 
 . . this is sure, that neuer in any age before, (sign B, t.) 
 
 Naughtines and sinne hath ben practised more, 
 
 Or halfe so muche, or at all, in respecte, so I saye, 
 
 As is nowe (God amende all !) at this present daye. 
 
 Sinne nowe, no sinne ; faviltes, no faultes a whit. 
 
 O God ! seest thou this ? and yet wylt suffer hit ? 
 
 Surely thy mercie is great ; but yet our sinnes, I feare, 
 
 Are so great, that of Justice with them thou canst not beare. 
 
 Adulterie no vice : it is a thinge so rife ; 
 
 A stale iest nowe, to lie with an other mannes wyfe ; 
 
 For what is that but daliaimce ? Couetousnesse, they call 
 
 Good husbandrie, when one man would faine haue all. 
 
 And eke a-like to that is vnmercifull extorcion, 
 
 A sinne, in sight of god, of great abhomination. {sign, B, i. bach.) 
 
 For Pride ; that is now a grace ! for, rounde about. 
 
 The humble-spirited is termed a foole or a lowte. 
 
 Who so will bee so drunken that hee scarsly knoweth his waye, 
 
 Oh, hee is a good fellowe ! so now a dales they saye. 
 
 Gluttonie is Hospitalitie, while they meate and dnnke spill 
 
 Whiche would relieue diuerse whom famine doth kill. 
 
 As for all charitable deedes : — they be gone, God knoweth : 
 
 Some pretende lacke ; but the chiefe cause is slowth, 
 
 A vice most outragiouse of all others, sure, 
 
 Eight hatefull to God, and contrarie to nature. 
 
 Scarse, bloud is punished, but euen for very shame ; 
 
 So make they of miirther but a trifling game ! 
 
 O ! how manie examples of that horrible Vice 
 
 Do dayly among vs nowe spring and arise ! 
 
 But thankes be to God, that such rulers doth sende, 
 
 Whiche earnestly studie that fault to amende. 
 
 As by the sharpe pimishement of that wicked crime 
 
 Wee maj^ see, that committed was but of late time. 
 
 God direct their heartes, they may alwaies continue 
 
 Suche iust execution on sinne to ensue ! 
 
 So shall be saued the life of many a man ; 
 
 And God wyU withdrawe his sore plagues from vs than. 
 
 Theft is but pollicie, Periurie but a face : 
 
 Suche is now the worlde ! so farre men be from grace ! 
 
 But what shall I say of Eeligion and knowledge 
 
 Of God, whiche hath ben indifferent in cache age 
 
 Before this ? howbeit, his faltes then it had, 
 
 And in some poyntes then was culpable and bad ? 
 
 Surely, this one thinge I may say aright ; 
 
 God hath reiected vs away from him quight. 
 
 And geuen vs vp whollie vnto our owne thought, 
 
 Utterly to destroy vs, and bring vs to nought. 
 
 For do they not followe the inuentions of men ? 
 
 Looke on the Primitiue Churche, and tell mee then 
 
 Whether they serued God in this same wise. 
 
 Or whether they followed any other guyse ? 
 
 For since Goddes feare decayed, and Hypocrisie crept in, 
 
 In hope of some gaines, and lucre to win, 
 
 Orueltie bare a stroke, who with fagot and fier, 
 
 Braught all thinges to passe that hee did desier. 
 
 Next, Auarice spUt all ; whiche, lest it should be spide, 
 
cxxiv L. Nu Gize. LI. Impacient Poverty. 
 
 Hypocrisie ensued, the matter to hide. 
 
 Then brought they in their monsters, their Masses, their Light, 
 Their Torches at noone, to darken our sight ; 
 Their Popes, and their pardones, their Purgatories for sowles ; 
 Their smoking of the Church, and flinging of cooles. 
 ******* 
 
 I sayde that the Masse, and suche trumperie as that, — 
 
 Popery, Purgatorie, pardons, — Avere flatt \_B ij haclc] 
 
 Against Goddes woorde, and Primitiue Constitution, 
 
 Crept in through Couetousnesse and superstition, — 
 
 Of late yeres, through Blindenes, and men of no knowledge, 
 
 Euen suche as haue ben in euery age. 
 
 Act 2 introduces Light-of-the-Gospell encouraging New-Cus- 
 tome; Scene 2, traitor Hypocrisie advising Perverse- Doctrine 
 and Ignorance how to act ; but vrhen she hears that Light-of-the- 
 Gospell has come, she swears at him ; he ' will worke vs the mis- 
 
 chiefe:' 
 
 For since these Geneuian doctours came so fast into this lande, 
 
 Since that time it was neuer merie with Englande. 
 
 First came Newcustome, and hee gaue the onsay ; 
 
 And sithens, thinges haue gone worse euery day. \_Sign C. iij.'\ 
 
 Scene 3 brings in Creweltie and Auarice, advising stocks, pri- 
 sons, hanging, burning, as in Queen Mary's days ; but as that 
 will not do, they change their names to Justice-with-Severity, 
 and Frugality — Perversedoctrine being Sounde-doctrine, and 
 Ignorance, Simplicitie, to deceive men and pervert their minds. 
 However, in Act 3, Light-of-the-Gospell converts Perversedoc- 
 trine, advises Newcustome not to take too much heed to the 
 fashion of a garment, but to mind that ' the conscience be pure '; 
 and Edification, Assurance, and Goddes-Pelicitie, successively 
 counsel the company. 
 
 The Captain's * auncient playz ' were the most moral books in 
 his library. 
 
 LI. Impacient Poverty. In the play of " Sir Tliomas More 
 contained in the Harleian MS. 7368, and first printed in 1844 
 for the Shakespeare Society under the late Mr. Dyce's editorship, 
 one of ' My Lord Cardinalls players ' comes in, and offers to act 
 a play — as the players afterwards did in Samlet. — To More's 
 question " I prethee, tell me, what playes haue ye ?" the player 
 
 answers : 
 
 Diuers, my lord : The Cradle of Securities, 
 Sit nayle o' th head^, Impacient Pouertie, 
 
 * Not extant. See an account of it in Collier's Sist. of Ungl. Dram. Poet. 
 ii. 272 sqq.— -Dyce. 2 ]^ot extant.— D. 
 
hi. Impacient Poverty. lAl, Breuiary of Health, cxxv 
 
 The play of Foure Fees^, Biues and Lazarus^, 
 Xustie Juventus^, and The Marriage of Witt and Wisedome*. 
 MooEE. The Mariage of Witt and Wisedome ! that, my lads, 
 He none tut that ! the theam is very good. 
 
 No copy of the play is now known, but in D. E. Baker's Bio- 
 grapMa Dramatica (1764, continued by Is. Eeed, 1782, and edited 
 by Steplien Jones, 1812) we find the following entry on p. 328, 
 col. 1 :— 
 
 90. A Newe Inteelude of Impaciente Poverte, newlye 
 Imprinted M.V. L. X (We suppose 1560) 4to. This piece is in 
 metre, and in the old black-letter ; and the title-page says : " Four 
 Men may well and easelye playe this Interlude." 
 
 IV. Captain Cox's Book or Medicine. 
 
 LII. Doctor Boords Breuiary of Health. I have printed large 
 extracts from this book, and given an account of it, of Boorde's 
 other works, and his Life, in my edition of his Fyrst BoTce of the 
 Introduction of Knowledge 1547 or -8, and his Dyetary 1542, etc., 
 for the Early English Text Society's Extra Series 1870. To this 
 volume I refer my readers, — recommending them to read at least 
 Boorde's comments on 7 Evils of England, — and only repeat here 
 that the Breuiary is a brief ' alphabetical list of diseases by their 
 Latin names, with their remedies, and the way of treating them. 
 Other subjects are introduced, as Mulier a woman^ Nares nose- 
 
 ^ (4 P's) By John Heywood. Keprinted in Dodsley's Old Flays, vol. i. — D. 
 
 ^ Not extant. It was written by a player, if we may trust to a passage in 
 Greene's Groatsworth of Wit ; see Collier's Hist, of Fhigl. Dram. Foet. ii. 272. 
 
 ^ By R. Wever (for I cannot think with Mr. Collier — Hist, of Engl. Dram. 
 Foet. ii. 317 — that there is any reason for douhting that Wever was its author.) 
 Reprinted in Hawkins's Origin of the English Drama, vol. i. 
 
 * " The Contract [? MS.] of a Marige hetweene wit and wisdome, very 
 frutefuU, and mixed full of pleasant mirth, as well for the heholders as the 
 readers or hearers : never before imprinted . . . 1579." Additional MS 26,782 
 in the British Museum. This title is either copied from a priated edition or 
 from a copy prepared for press. No early printed edition is known. Mr. 
 HalliweU edited this Interlude for the Shakespeare Society in 1846. The 
 Hay acted in Sir Thomas More as The Mariage is ' nothing more than a por- 
 tion of Lust^j Juventus, with alterations and a few additions.' — Dyce, Sir Thomas 
 More, p. 61. 
 
 * Furthermore now why a woman is named a woman, I wyll shewe my 
 mynde. Homo is the latin worde, and in Englyshe it is as wel for a woman 
 as for a man ; for a woman, the silables co«uerted, is no more to say as a man 
 in wo ; and set wo before man, and then it is woman ; and wel she may be 
 named a woman, for as muche as she doth here chyldren with wo and peyne ; 
 and also she is subiect to man, except it be there where the white mare is the 
 better horse ; therfore Vt homo non cantet cum euculo, let euery man please his 
 wyfe in all matters, and displease her not, but let her haue her owne wyl, for 
 that she wyll haue, who so euer say nay. (Fol. Ixxxii. sign L. ii., back.) 
 
cxxvi LII. Doctor Boord's Breuiary of Health. 
 
 tbrilles, &c.' The Breuiary was written by Boorde by the year 
 1542, though it was not publisht till 1547, — with its 2nd part, 
 the Extrauag antes, — having been ' examined in Oxford in June ' 
 1546^. Boorde intended it as a companion to his Dyetary : 
 
 " I wolde that euery man haujoige this boke, shulde haue the sayd Dyetary 
 of Health with this boke, consideryng that the one booke is concurrant with 
 the other." 
 
 His own account of the Breuiary, in his Preface to it is as follows : 
 
 " Gentyll readers, I haue taken some peyne in makyng this boke, to do 
 sycke men pleasure and whole men profyte, that sycke men may recuperate 
 theyr health, and whole men may preserue theym selfe frome syckenes (with 
 goddes helpe) as well in Phisicke as in Chierurgy. But for as much as olde, 
 auncyent, and autentyke auctours or doctours of Physicke, in theyr bokes doth 
 wryte many obscure termes, geuyng also to many and dyuerse infirmyties, 
 darke and harde names, dyffycyle to vnderstande, some and mooste of all 
 beynge Greeke wordes, some and fewe beynge Araby wordes, some beynge 
 Latyn wordes, and some beynge Barbarus wordes. Therefore I haue trans- 
 lated all suche obscure wordes and names into Englyshe, that euery man 
 openlye and apartly maye vnderstande them. Furthermore, all the aforesayde 
 names of the sayde infirmites be set togyther in order, accordynge to the 
 letters of the Alphabete, or the .A. B. C. So that as many names as doth 
 begyn with A. be set together, and so forth, all other letters as they be in 
 order. Also there is no sickenes in man or woman, the whiche maye be frome 
 the crowne of the head to the sole of the fote, but you shall fynde it in this 
 booke, as well the syckenesses the which doth parteyne to Chierurgy as to 
 phisicke, and what the sickenes is, and howe it doth come, and medecynes for 
 the selfe same. And for as much as euery man now a dayes is desyrous to 
 rede briefe and compendious matters. I therefore in this matter pretende to 
 satisfye mens myndes as much as I can, namynge this booke accordyng to the 
 matter, which is. The Breuiary of health." (Fol. v., sign A. v.) 
 
 V. Captain Cox's Ballads. 
 
 "We now come to the Captain's " bunch of ballets & songs, all 
 auncient "; but unluckily Laneham didn't care so much for our old 
 English ditties as he did for our story-books and poems, and has 
 therefore stinted us to seven names of ballads, and that disap- 
 pointing "a hundred more." What possesst the man to care 
 more for the songs that showed off his " Spanish sospires, his 
 French heighes, his Italian dulcets, his Dutch hovez, his doubl 
 releas, his hy reachez, his fine feyning, his deep diapason, his 
 wanton warblz, his running, his tyming, his tuning, & his 
 twynkling," than for our merry old greenwood songs ? Let's all 
 
 * Lowndes says that it was reprinted in 1548, 1552, 1577, etc. I have not 
 been able to see the 1547 and 1548 editions, but of the 1552 one, and the 
 next, I have titleless copies. 
 
Captain Cox's Ballads, 
 
 cxxvii 
 
 vote him a noodle for this ; though no doubt the " Gentlwemen " 
 of his time liked the sentimental ballads best, as they generally 
 do now. So we must forgive the ladies, and turn to the seven 
 ballads that Laneham does name. Of them, only four have been 
 identified ; and as the first and last are partly given, with nine 
 others (perhaps 9 of Captain Cox's * hundred more ') in a play of 
 the period, we may as well make an extract from that first. The 
 play is " A very mery and Pythie Commedie, called The longer 
 thou liuest, the more foole thou art. A Myrrour very necessarie 
 for youth, and specially for such as are like to come to dignitie 
 and promotion : As it maye well appeare in the Matter folowynge. 
 Newly compiled by VV. Wager [Woodcut] ^ Imprinted at 
 London by Wyllyam Ho"W for Richarde Johnes : and are to be 
 solde at his shop vnder the Lotterie house " [ab. 1568, says Mr. 
 Hazlitt's Handhoolc]. (A B C D E P G in fours, but Giij signed 
 A iij ; leaf iij of D E F signed, but not that of A B C. British 
 Museum Press-mark, C. 34. e. 37.) 
 
 After ' the Prologe,' [A 3] ' d Here entreth Moros, counterfait- 
 ing a vaine gesture and a foolish countenance, Synging the foote 
 of many Songes, as fooles were wont 
 
 Moros. BEome, Brome on hill, 
 The gentle Brpme on hill hill : 
 Brome, Brome on Hiue hill, 
 The gentle Brome on Hiue hill. 
 The Brome standes on Hiue hiU a. 
 
 (J Rohin, lende to me thy Bowe, thy 
 
 Bowe, 
 Eobin the how, Robin lende to me thy 
 
 bow a: 
 
 (J There was a Mayde come out of 
 
 Kent, 
 Deintie loue, deintie loue. 
 There was a mayde cam out of Kent, 
 Daungerous be : 
 
 There was a mayde cam out of Kent, 
 Fayre, propre, small and gent, 
 
 As euer vpon the grounde went. 
 
 For 30 should it be. 
 
 d By a banke as I lay, I lay, 
 
 Musinge on things past, hey how. 
 
 (J Tom a lin and his wife, and his 
 wiues mother, 
 
 They went ouer a bridge all three to- 
 gether ; 
 
 The bridge was broken, and they fell 
 in: 
 
 " The Deuil go with all !" quoth Tom 
 a lin. 
 
 (J Martin swart and his man, sodle- 
 dum, sodledum. 
 
 Martin swart and his man, sodledum 
 beUi. 
 
 ' Skelton, laureat, (who died in 1529) has an evident allusion to the same 
 
 "With hey troly lo, whip here Jak. 
 Alumbek sodyldym syllorym ben, 
 Curiowsly he can both counter and knak 
 Of Martyn Swart and all hys mery men." 
 
 (Against a comely Coystrowne, etc., Works (1736), p. 25 1.) 
 
 Martin Swart was concerned in the insurrection made by the lord Lovel and 
 others against Henry VII, anno 1486, and was slain at the battle of Stoke; 
 
cxxviii LIII. Broom, Broom on Hil. 
 
 d Com ouer the Boome, Besse, 
 My little pretie Besse, 
 Com ouer the Boome, besse, to me^. 
 d The white Doue sat on the Castell 
 
 wall, 
 I bend my Bow, and shoote her I 
 
 shall, 
 I put Mr in my Gloue, both fethers 
 
 and all. 
 I layd my Bridle upon the shelfe ; 
 If you will any more, sing it your 
 
 Discipline. O Lorde, are you not 
 ashamed, 
 Thus vainly the time to spende. . . . 
 
 Moras, I haue Twentie mo songs 
 yet, — [A 3 back] 
 
 A fond woman to^ my Mother, 
 As I war wont in her lappe to sit, 
 She taught me these and many other : 
 I can sing " a song of Eobin Eedbrest, 
 And my litle pretie Nightingale ;"^ 
 " There dwelleth a iolly Foster here 
 
 by west ;" 
 Also, "I com to drink som of your 
 
 Christmas ale." 
 "Whan I walke by my selfe alone, 
 It doth me good my songs to render. 
 Such pretie thinges would soone be 
 
 gon. 
 If I should not sometime them re- 
 member. 
 
 LIII. Broom, Broom, on Sil. This ballad is in the list of tlie 
 Oomplaynt of Scotland, some 27 years before Laneham^, but is now 
 
 having been sent over with some troops, by Margaret, duchess of Burgundy, 
 sister to K. Edward IV. Bitson's Ancient Songs, vol. i. p. Ixxxiv, note, ed. 1829. 
 See also Dyce's notes in his Skelton's Works, ii. 93-4. 
 
 * Shakspere has put these three identical lines into the mouth of Edgar in 
 K. Lear. A moralization of the song is (with the music) in the editor's folio 
 MS. [Brit. Mus. Additional MS. 5665. See notes to Forewords.] Eitson, ib. 
 p. Ixxxv, note. 
 
 2 I had to, was. 
 
 3 [Appendix to the Eoyal MSS 58, leaf 7 bk. See also leaf 6, back.] 
 
 The lytyll prety nyghtyne gale 
 
 a-monge the leuys grene, — 
 I wolde I wert* wyth hure all nyght ! 
 
 but yet ye wote not whome I mene. 
 
 The nyghtynge gale sat one a brere, 
 
 Amonge the thornys sherpe & keyne, 
 and comfort me wyth mery chere : 
 
 but yet ye wot not home I mene. 
 
 She dyd apere all on hure kj-nde 
 
 a lady ryght well be-seyng«, 
 w«t/t wordys of loff tolde me hure mynde : 
 
 but yet ye wote not whome I mene. 
 
 hyt dyd me goode a-pon<? hur« to loke ; 
 
 hure corse was closyd all in grene ; 
 away fro me hure hert she toke ; 
 
 but yet ye wot not whome I mene. 
 
 "lady," I cryed wyth rufull mone, 
 
 " haue mynd of me that true hath bene, 
 
 for I loue none but you alone :" 
 but yet ye wot not whome I mene. 
 
 * See below, p. cliii. (62). 
 
 * MS. I wolde I wer«, I wolde I were. The final 11 of the MS has always 
 a line over it. 
 
LIII. Broom, Brocm. LIV. So well iz me begon. cxxix 
 
 lost. Mr. Wm. Chappell in his Popular Music ii. 458-461 gives 
 an account of the English ballad and tune of The hroom of Cowdon 
 Knowes, and others connected with it. Its burden is 
 
 With O the hroom, the honny hroom, I Fain would I he in the North Country, 
 The broom of Cowdon Knowes ; | To milk my daddies ewes. 
 
 But this is not to be identified with Laneham's ballad, the only- 
 one approaching to which is contained in the lines above, p. cxxvii, 
 sung by Moros, in Wager's interlude, " which appears," says Mr. 
 Chappell, " to have been written soon after Elizabeth came to the 
 throne . . . 
 
 Brome hrome on hill, I Brome, hrome on Save hill, 
 
 The gentle hrome on hill, hill : \ The hrome stands on Hive hill-a." 
 
 Mr. Chappell quotes the passage, and then observes " This repe- 
 tition does not give the metre or the correct words of the song " 
 meaning, of course, the later song known to us. " The tune, or 
 upper part, was to be sung by one person, while others sang a 
 foot, or burden, to make harmony." 
 
 " The ballad of Brome oji hill in Mr. Crutch's Bolin Hood ii. 
 363 is a modern fabrication." The earliest ballad of the kind 
 preserved, is described by Mr. Chappell as a black-letter one 
 in the Pepys Collection, i. 40, entitled The new Broome, London, 
 printed for ]P. Coles — whose date is from 1646 to 1674 — and con- 
 sisting of 7 stanzas with the following burden : 
 
 The honny hroome, |he well favour'd hroome, 
 
 The hroome blooms faire on hill ; 
 What ail'd my love to lightly mee, 
 
 And I worMng her will ? 
 
 LIV. So wo [= well] iz me hegon, Troly lo. This song in praise 
 of Serving-Men, Eitson printed in his Ancient Songs from the Time 
 of King Senry the Third to the Revolution, 1790, p. 92, from the 
 Sloane MS 1584, ' a small book, partly paper, partly parchment, 
 chiefly written by " Johannes Gysborn, Canonicus de Couerham," 
 whose manual or pocket book it seems to have been^, tempore 
 
 ^ The book is an odd mixture of recipes, hymns, songs, a tract (imperfect) 
 on a priest's duties, questions to be put at the confessional, etc. etc. From 
 the latter, take 
 
 Questions for a woman. (Leaf 8.) 
 
 TTaue ye maid youe more gayer in Reymewt off kercheus one your hed, for 
 
 plesur of y« world, ore off the pepull, ony tyme more thene other ? haue 
 
 youe obeyd yowr husband at alb tymes, os ye are bownd ? haue youe weschyd 
 
 your face with any styEyd waters ore oynteme«tes to make youe fayrer in the 
 
 k 
 
cxxx LIV. So well iz me begon. 
 
 Hen. 8.' The song is on the back of leaf 45, betwen the recipe 
 for ' a souerayne laxatyffe ' and a Sermon for Easter-day. 
 
 So well ys me be-gone, troly lole! 
 so "Well ys me be-gone, troly loly\ 
 
 Oif serujn^ men I wyl] begj'ne, Troly, loley, 
 
 ffor they goo mynyon trym ; Troly loley. 
 
 Off mett & drynk & feyr clothyiig, Troly loley. 
 
 by dere god, I want none . Troly, loley 
 
 His bonet is of fyne scarlett . Troly loley, 
 
 'With here as black os geitt . Troly^ lolye. 
 
 His dublett ys of fyne satyne . Troly lolye 
 
 Hys sbertt well mayd, & tryme* ; Troly, lolye. 
 
 Hys coytt itt is so tryme & rownde ; Troly, lolye. 
 
 His kysse is worth. A himdred poundfi . Troly, lolye 
 
 His hoysse of london black . Troly lolye 
 
 In hyme tber ys no lack . Troly lolye. 
 
 His face yt ys so lyk a ma?» . Troly, lolye. 
 
 Who cane butt loue hyme thaw ? Troly, lolye. 
 
 Wher so euer he bee, he hath my hert . Troly lolye. 
 
 And shall to deth de part^ . Troly lolye. 
 
 So well ys me be-gone . troly, loly. 
 
 S[o] well ys me be gone . Troly, lolye. 
 
 syght off pepuU ? haue yone schewyd your breste* open to tempt any to syne ? 
 haue youe had any enuy agayns any womane, that sche has bene fayrer then 
 youe, or better louyd then youe ? haue ye synnyd in lechere wetA any mane 
 be-syd your husband ? haue ye synnyd wi'tA your husband whew ye haue 
 ben in childbed ? haue ye oue>'-lyne your chyld, ore peryschyd itt att any 
 tyme? haue youe gyffune any drynke vnto your husband to make hyme 
 lystear to occupye w«tA youe ? haue youe drunkune any contagius drynke to 
 dystrowe your chyld, other weddyd ore syngull ? haue youe bene mystem- 
 peryd witA ale att any tyme ? haue ye swome wj'tA any womane in any pur- 
 gaczon apon a boke, & has for-sworne youe wyllyngly ? haue ye consentyd 
 vnto any bawdry for \leaf 9] lukar off money, and keppyd ther cownselle ? 
 haue ye bakbytyd ore slaunderd any maw or womaw, & browght them in a 
 nyll name ? haue yowe maid any soleme vowe of fast ore pylgrimage ? haue 
 youe payd your tythes & offerynges onto the chirche ? haue youe done your 
 pennans that ye haue bene Inueyd [?] be-fore tyme." 
 
 All the final (?'s have a curly tail which may mean e. I have long intended 
 to print one or two of these early Confessional treatises, as a help to enable us 
 to understand the practical working of the Eomish system in English homes. 
 
 * Compare, in Hychescorner, sign. C. i. 
 
 Now wyll I synge, and lustely sprynge ; 
 But whan my feters on my leges dyde rynge. 
 I was not glade, perde ! but now, hey trolly lolly ! 
 
 And "William Comyshe's song facsimiled in Mr. Wm. Chappell's paper in 
 Archceologia, xli, 372, one of a himdred specimens of a ' Trolly Lolly ': — 
 
 Trolly lolly, lo ! syng troly loly ! 
 my loue is to the grene wode gone ; 
 now after her will I go ! 
 
 syng trolly lolly, lo trolly lolly ! 
 
 2 suyng, Mitson, ^ Torly, orig. * fyn^, Bitson, 
 
 5 C, orig. ^ P do part, or departe, divide us. 
 
LV-LIX. Hey ding a ding. By a bank as I lay. cxxxi 
 
 LV. Ouer a wTiinny, Meg. Not known now. 
 
 LYI. Sey ding a ding. This is the burden of the famous old 
 ballad " Old Simon the King," and that was possibly the ballad 
 which Captain Cox possesst. It is printed in Durfey's Pills to 
 purge Melancholy, 1719, iii. 143, and in the Percy Folio Loose 
 Songs, p. 124, from which, as it gives the burden ' for the first 
 time complete,' I reprint the first verse of the ballad below. The 
 two tunes to which the ballad was sung, with a text of the ballad, 
 and much interesting information about it, are given by Mr. Wm. 
 Chappell in his Popular Music i. 262-269, and he has further 
 notes on it in his vol. ii. p. 776, 792, 796. 
 
 In an humor I was of late, 
 
 as many good fellowes bee, 
 that thinke of no matter of state, 
 
 but the keepe merry Companye : 
 that best might please my mind, 
 
 soe I -walket vp & downe the towne ; 
 but company none cold I ffind 
 
 till I came to the signe of the crowne. 
 mine ostes was sicke of the mumpes, 
 
 her mayd was ffisle^ att ease, 
 
 mine host lay drunke in his dumpes : 
 
 "they all had but one disease," 
 sayes old simon the K.tnff, sayes old 
 
 Simon the King, 
 with his ale-dropt hose, & his malmesy 
 
 nose, 
 with a hey ding, ding a ding, ding, 
 with a hey [ding, ding a ding, ding,] 
 with a hey ding [ding], q2((/th Simon 
 
 the king2. 
 
 not known now. 
 
 LVII. Bony lass vpon a green 
 LVIII. My hony on gaue me a leh ^ 
 LIX. By a lanh as I lay. This exists in a MS, one of the 
 Appendix of Eoyal MSS, No. 58, leaf 8, back. 
 
 [By a Bancke as I Lay.] 
 fifulle meryly 
 
 By a bancke as I lay 
 
 musyng« my selfe A-lone — hey how ! 
 
 A byrdys voyce 
 
 dyd me Eeioyce, 
 
 syngynge by-fore the daj^ ; 
 
 And my-thought in hure lay 
 
 she sayd wynter was past — hey 
 
 how ! 
 
 Dan dyry, cum den, dan djay, 
 
 cuMi djrry, cum dyry, ^cu)m dj^ry, 
 
 cum dyry, cu»j dan ! hey how ! 
 
 The maste;- of musyke, 
 
 the lusty nyghtyngale — hey how ! 
 
 & secretly 
 
 She syngyth in the thyke, 
 
 And vnder hure brest a p?-«ke, 
 
 to kepe hure fro slope — Hey how, 
 Dan [&c] 
 
 A- wake, there-for, younge men, 
 
 Alle ye that louers be — hey how ! 
 
 thus"* monyth of may, 
 
 soo fresh, soo gay, 
 
 So fayre be feld on^ fen, 
 
 hath ffloryshe ylke a den ; 
 
 grete loy hyt is to see, — hey how ! 
 &c. 
 
 Dr. Eimbault printed this ballad in his Little Booh of Songs 
 and Ballads 1851, p. 53-4, with few and adew (like Mr. Collier*') 
 
 ' ? breaking wind. 
 
 3 leaf 9. 
 
 « Stat. Reg. i. 193-4. 
 
 2 The hne is nearly all pared away. 
 ' read ' this.' ^ read ' and.' 
 
 See my Andreio Boorde, p. 71, note ''. 
 
cxxxii Captain Cox's Almanacks. 
 
 for fen and a den, — and added on p. 55-6 a differing later copy, 
 naming * noble James our king,' from Deuteromelia, or the Second 
 Fart of Musick^s Melodie, or Melodius Musiclce of Pleasant 
 Moundelaies, etc., 1609. Its second line is " musing on a thing 
 that was past and gone," which, the Doctor notes, is nearer to 
 "Wager's "Musinge on things past, hey how," than the 2nd line 
 of the Royal MS. copy. Dr. Rimbault also says " At the end of 
 the only copy known to exist of a Collection of Secular Songs, 
 printed in 1530, a Song is inserted in MS. beginning with the 
 same words [as Wager's ?], but containing a laboured panegyric 
 upon Henry the Eighth. The Editor has not seen this copy." 
 
 Mr. Chappell gives the tune, and an account, of this song at 
 p. 92-3 of his Popular Music, vol. i. ; and at p. 52 quotes from 
 the Life of Sir Peter Carew, by John Vowell, alias Hoker, of 
 Exeter, {ArchcBologia, vol. 28) " the king himself [Henry VIII] 
 being much delighted to sing, and Sir Peter Carew having a plea- 
 sant voice, the king would often use him to sing with him certain 
 songs they call ' Ereemen Songs,' as namely, ' By the lancTce as I 
 lay,' and ' As I walked the wode so wylde,' " &c. 
 
 "And a hundred more," says Laneham. Oh that we had their 
 names ! 
 
 Captain Cox's Almanacks. 
 
 We now come to the last section of Captain Cox's books, his 
 Almanacks. Prof. De Morgan would be the right man^ to give us 
 an account of these. I can only offer a list of those by the Cap- 
 tain's three authors that have come under my notice, adding two 
 of Dade's, because he is mentioned in " The Kinge enioyes his 
 rights againe " in the Percy Folio Ballads ii. 2519. We'll take 
 those in Bagford's list first, because he mentions among them an 
 unknown Caxton, though Mr. Wm. Blades judges this "all fudge!": 
 
 Bagford's Collections. Harl. MS. 5937, leaf S^. 
 
 " A Catalouge of Almonickes sence y^ first printing of them. 
 
 and y^ first I haue met with is y^ prodnostication of Mr. Jasper 
 
 * He is gone, alas, with all his weight of learning, and all his fun, since the 
 proof of this went hack for revise. 
 
 2 On another leaf Bagford queries when the first edition of the Book of 
 Knowledge (Andrew Boorde's) was pubHsht. In 1647-8, no doubt. See my 
 reprint, E. E. T. Soc. 1870. 
 
Almanacks by the Laets. cxxxiii 
 
 Leate of Antwarpe, and translated out of Lattin into English ; and 
 
 printed in 4°, by will Caxton 1493^ 
 
 •' The grate & true prodnostication with a Almonicke composed 
 by M''. John Leat of Barthlom, D'. Medicyne and Astro [no] me, 
 preceptor and Eector of y^ Scoold of Antwarpe, in 8 . . . 1521 
 
 in 4" 1535 
 
 8- 1539 
 
 8- 1541" 
 
 There is however a bit of an earlier almanac by Jasper Laet de 
 Borchloen in the fragments in the Lambeth Library, namely for 
 the year 1510, which is described by Maitland in his Early Frinted 
 Books at Lambeth, p. 264^. 
 
 Among Bagford's titlepages and fragments are the following by 
 the Laets : 
 
 Harl. MS. 5937, leaf 18, N° 58. (a.d. 1516.) 
 
 d The pronosticaciora of maister Jaspar late, of borchloon / 
 doctour in astrologie, of the yere . M. CCCC. xvi. trana/lated 
 in/to ynglissh, to the honorre of te [so] moost noble & vie-/ 
 torious kynge Henry the .viij. by your moost humble sub-/iect, 
 Nicholas longwater, goeuerner of our lady conception / in y^ re- 
 nowmed towne of Andwarp, in sinte lorge perys / (6 lines at the 
 top of 1 leaf full of printing.) 
 
 ■ Harl. 5937 leaf 11, N" 26 (a.d. 1523) 
 
 A pronosticacyon / of Master lasper Laet de / borchloen Doctor 
 in medycy/ne for y® yere of our lorde god / M. v. C. &. xxiiii. / 
 (J Cum gracia et priuilegio. / ([ laspar Laet. (Oyer a cut, and 
 with elaborate borders. 2 leaves) 
 
 lb. N" 33, If. 12 bk and 13. (A full sheet & complete Alma- 
 nack, A.D. 1530. The headline is:) " d Almynack and Pronosti- 
 cation of the yere of oure lord M, LLLLL, and , xxx," And at 
 foot is: " Graspar Laet The yonger, Docter yn Phy[syk]. Em- 
 prented at Antwerpe by me Cristofel of Euremunde." 
 
 MS. Harl. 5937, If. 16, N^ 51 (a.d. 1533) 
 
 The pronosticaci[on] / [calcu]led by mayster laspar Lae[t of] / 
 Aridwarpe / vpon the merydian / of the sayd towne, for the / yere 
 of our lorde god. / M. D.xxxiij. (over a cut of an astronomer, 
 with a quadrant, looking at 6 stars and a comet : at back is) 
 
 * Mr. Hazlitt enters, in his Sandhooh p. 484, col. 1, No. 4, a ' Prognostica- 
 tion ty Gaspar late, of Antwerpe, ... for the yere, M. CCCOXXX. IIII ; but 
 he must have left out a C, and meant 1534 : compare the 1533 title below. 
 
 2 Maitland also refers to two Prognostications by James Laet, in Fanzer, 
 II. 346, No. ?i 1. I cannot find any life of the Laets, 
 
cxxxiv Almanacks by the Laets. 
 
 Bicauae that .xHiij [yeres] past my fatlier mayster Iasp[ar] Laet, 
 and .XX, yere before hym, his father iiiays[ter] lohn laet (Whorae 
 lesu pardon), bothe astro[no]mers, hath yerely, vnto the profyte 
 of the corny n [welthe calcujlate and put forth certayn pronosty- 
 cacio^^s .... wherfore I have proposed . . to furnysshe the same_. 
 after the noble and true sci[ence of Astro] noray .... 
 
 Harl. 5937, If. 16, N" 50. (a.d. 1541) 
 
 q Pronostica-/cio?^ of the yere / of our Lorde / M, v*^, xlj, / 
 d Practysed by the re/uowned doctor in / Astronomy and / 
 Physicke / Jaspar Laet/. {On the hack is:) "For as much as I 
 haue taken vpon me yearely to shewe the influences with theyr 
 operations here beneth vpon earth, and that, folowynge alwaye, for 
 the most parte, Ptolomein his secondeboke Apotelesmaton, as one 
 that is best alowed of experte Astronomers, notwithstandynge 
 that he is very brefe and harde in his writynge : Therefore shall I 
 fy[r]ste brefely recyte the princypall fundamewtes of our present 
 Pronostication, leste it shulde be supposed she were pronosticated 
 vaynly and without foundament. 
 
 " The fyrst fundament shalbe the Eclipse of the Sojzne of the 
 yeare of .xxxix. last past, the xviii. day of Apryll, at .iii. of the 
 clocke at after noone, which was of the greatnesse of .ix. poyntes, 
 which Eclipse shall yet geue influence very strongly, by reason 
 of his distaunce from the orientall corner (for it befell in the 
 .viii. degre of Tauri^*, in the .viii. house), aud also because the 
 same eclypse dyd last nerehande .ii. houres, as we dyd shewe at 
 length at that tyme. 
 
 " The secounde fundament is & shalbe the Eclipse of the Sonne 
 of the yeai'e of .xl. last." (2 leaves. I donH print the second.) 
 
 leaf 18 back, no. 62 (a.d. 154-2 ?) 
 
 »J< An Aim [a] / nacke & P[ro]-/nostication of the ren[ow-] / med 
 doctor in Astron[omye] / Jasper Laet the yere of [our] Lord God. 
 .M. ccccc [xl..] / and the declaration of th[e] / signes and theyr 
 qualit[es] / with the son rysynge / (j Imprinted in Lon[don] / 
 by lohn Waley (2 leaves) 
 
 leaf 15 back, (under Borde's Pronosticacyon of 1545^) N° 47 
 
 (A.D. 1543) 
 
 Almanack / and Pronostica-/tion of Jaspar Laet. / Of the 
 yare, of our / Lord God. M. D. / XLIII. / ([ In this Almanacke 
 ye / shall fynde, all the Epystles and Gos-/pels of euery Sondaye 
 and holy daye. (2 leaves) 
 
 * One leaf, printed in my Boorde, p. 25. 
 
Almanacks by Laet and Nostradamus. cxxxv 
 
 A.D. 1544 
 N" 48 Pronosticatlo?* of Ja[spar] / Laet doctor of Phisicke 
 and Astro[nomer] / for the yere of our Lorde Grod / M. v*^. xliiij. 
 
 A.D. 1550. 
 
 A Pronostication for the year of oure Lorde M. CCCCC. L, cal- 
 culated for the Meridian of Antwerp, &c. by Jasper Late, W. H. 
 Octavo {KerberVs Ames, 1786, i. 584.) 
 
 "We now come " unto Nostradam of Prauns," for printing 
 whose Almanacs there is a regular shoal of licences and fines in 
 the Stationers' Register A. Bagford's first title is that of the 
 Almanac of 1566 : 
 
 Harl. MS. 5937, leaf 14. 
 
 An Almanicke made by the Noble and worthy Clarke, Michaell 
 Nostra [da] mes D"^ in phisick : Imprinted at Loudon by Jo. King- 
 ston 1559 
 
 Id. an outher of y^ same Nostridames, Imprinted by will: Cop- 
 land for Nicolas England 1559 
 
 Harl. 5937, If. 25, N« 120 
 
 " An Almanacke / and prodigious premonstrati-/on, made for 
 the yeare of / grace. 1566. By / Mi. Nostrodamus, / § * § / 
 
 The God which, eche mans visage well doth see, 
 
 His temple gates to come for to vnbarre : 
 And Pandores boxe vncouered shall bee, 
 
 A great thicke cloude for to dissolue fro»j farre. 
 
 [over a woodcut of a globe in a frame, with the legend ' Adrai- 
 randus Altissimus.'] 
 
 d Imprinted at London by Henry Denhara." (Title only) 
 
 but the Stationers' Kegister A begins in 1558 with 
 
 Luke Haryson Lucke Haryson ys lycensed to prynte the pronostication of m' 
 nostradamus and also his almanack for the same yere . viijd. 
 
 and in the year 1558-9 
 
 William Copland, for pryntinge of a pronostication of nosterdamus wet/»- 
 oute lycense, and for mysbehavynge hym selfe before the master and 
 wardyns, was fyned at iijs. iiijd. 
 
 Mr. Halliwell says "Dibdin (N^ 2733) mentions an " Almanacke 
 for the yeare 1559 composed by Mayster Mych. Nostradamus," 
 8vo. In the Stationers' Eegister A, leaf 85, we have 
 
 m' Wally Recevyd of m"^ wallye for his lycense for pryntinge of an alma- 
 nacke & pronostication of nostradamus for this yere a" 1562 viijd 
 
tjxxxvi Almanacks by Securis <and Dade. 
 
 Of the Almanacs of " oour John Securiz of Salsbury" we find 
 these entries in the Stationers' Eegister A : 
 
 (leaf 72 back, a.d. 1561-2.) 
 J. Wally 9= of master Wally for his lycense for pryntinge of an almanacke 
 of John securys iiijd 
 
 m' Wally Eecevyd of m' wallye, for his lycense for pryntinge of an alma- 
 nacke & p?onostication of m'' John Securys for the yere of owr 
 lorde god 1563 viijd. (MS. If. 85) 
 
 (MS, If. 134 back.) 
 T marshe / Keceyvd of Thomas marshe, for his Ij'cense for prjTitinge^ 
 
 of an almanacke & pronostication of m"^ John Securis for >• viijd 
 a" 1566 / 3 
 
 Mr. HaWiwell says ' In the Bodleian Library is preserved " A 
 newe Almanacke for the yere of our Lord God, 1567, practised in 
 Salisbury by Maister John Securis, Phisitian." ' I can find no 
 life or notice of Securis. 
 
 Bagford has also a leaf of an almanac by Securis, a.d. 1573, 
 Harl. MS. 5937, If. 25. 
 
 No. 123 (John Securis a.d. 1573) 
 
 " (J A PrognoS'/tication made for the / yeare of our Lord Grod, / 
 1573. / d Practised in Salisburie, by lohn / Securis Maister of 
 Art and / Phisicke / Anno Muudi 5535 / (over a cut of a war- 
 rior (?) on a 4-wheeled chariot drawn by 2 horses) 
 
 d Imprinted at London, by Eichard / Watkins, & lames 
 Robarts / Cum priuilegio Eegise Maiestatis." 
 
 Lastly, we note the bits of Dade's Almanacs in Bagford's 
 collection in Harl. MS. 5937, for the reason given on p. cxxxii. 
 
 " No. 125. Dade. / A prognostication / in which you may 
 be/holde the state of this / present yeere of our / Lord God, 
 M. DC. / Made and set foorth by / lohn Dade Gent, prac/ticioner 
 in Phisicke, / Imprinted at London for Ed/ ward White, the 
 assigne of / lames Eoberts. 
 
 " No. 126. Dade. 1600. / An Almanacke and / Prognostication 
 in which / you may behold the state of / this yeere of our Lord 
 God / 16()0. / Beeing leape yeere. / Made and set foorth by lohn / 
 Dade Gent, practitioner in / Phisicke. / Imprinted at London 
 by / Eichard Watkins and / lames Eobertes / Cum priuilegio 
 Eegi^ Maiestatis. / " (Both in Harl. 59397, leaf 25 back.) 
 
 On leaf 7 back, Bagford also notes 
 
 " An Almanicke and prog-nosticacion in which you may behould y* State of 
 y^ Yeare of our L"* god 1599: made and set ifourth: by Jo: Dade Gent 
 
Reason for the sketch of Capt. Cox's books, cxxxvii 
 
 praktiser in phisicke, and Imprinted by Rich. Watkins & James Roberts 
 
 in 8 1599 
 
 Id. on in 12 by y' same Dade, and Imprinted at London by Assignes of 
 James Eobertes 1602 
 
 That a so-called Dade's Almanack was publisht so late as 
 1694, for the year 1695, see Harl. 5937, leaf 64, No. 338, 
 
 My reason for giving a sketch of all Captain Cox's books, and 
 printing all his ballads, that I could get at, was, that my readers 
 might contrast the literature of the reading unpious middle-class 
 man of Elizabeth's pre-Shaksperean time^, with that of the same 
 kind of man now, and also think whence Spenser, Shakspere, 
 Bacon, Milton, sprang, and what we owe to them. And surely, 
 no member of the Tory Party even, can want ' the good old 
 times ' of literature before 1575, back again in our Victorian age, 
 far as we are from what we ought now to be. But still, don't 
 let us misjudge the said old times ; neither wholly, nor mainly, 
 was their sky filled with cumuli of silliness, or dark storm-clouds 
 of coarseness ; the sun of manliness was plainly seen, and rays of 
 love, of friendly truth, and honest mirth, cheered the beholder's 
 heart. 
 
 We now turn to compare the Englishman's list by Laneham, 
 with the Scotchman's list in the Complaynt of Scotland; but must 
 recollect that we are putting the Tradesman who has made his own 
 way in the world, beside the Scholar, one who, though he has his 
 afl'ectations as well as Laneham, is a far more cultured man, and 
 writes with a far higher purpose. He is a Reformer, part of the 
 salt of the earth. To his more serious ends his book was at first 
 wholly devoted ; but happily he determined to hand down to the 
 aftertime an account of his countrymen's lighter readings and 
 sports, — the books, songs, tunes, and dances, that cheered the 
 hard life of Scotland in the middle of the sixteenth century^. 
 He accordingly, as Mr. James A. H. Murray will show in his 
 edition of the Gomplaynt for the Extra Series of the Early English 
 Text Society 1872 or 1873, — inserted into his book, after the 
 
 ^ He most probably couldn't read Chaucer, as his modern representative 
 can't, though I hope our Societies are helping to alter that. 
 
 2 That it was hard, — yes, very hard, — see my Preface to Lauder's Minor 
 Toems, E. E. Text Roc. 1870. 
 
cxxxviii " The Complaynt-of-Scotland " tales, 
 
 sheets were printed, some pages on different paper, of which the 
 part that concerns us now is as follows : 
 
 " I thynk it best that ve recreat our selfis vy tht ioyus comonyng 
 quhil on to the tyme that ve return to the scheip i'ald vytht our 
 flokkis. And to begyn sic recreatione, i thynk it best that euyrie 
 ane of vs tel ane gude tayl or fabil, to pas the tyme quhile enyn. 
 Al the scheiphirdis, ther vyuis and saruawdis, var glaid of this 
 propositio?2e. than the eldest scheiphird began, and al the laif fol- 
 louit, ane be ane in ther auen place, it vil be ouer prolixt, and no 
 les tideus, to reherse them agane vord be vord. bob i sal reherse 
 SU7» of ther namys that i herd, sum vas in prose, & sum vas in 
 verse: sum var storeis, and sum var flet taylis. Thir var the 
 namis of them as efter follouis, 
 
 (1) The taylis of cantirberrye. 
 
 [By Geoffrey Chaucer. Editions before 1548 : by Caxton, about 1478, 
 from a bad MS, and ab. 1484 from a better MS. ; by Pynson about 1493 
 and (with the Boke of Fame, and Troylus,) in 1526 ; by Wynkyn de 
 Worde in 1498 ; in The Workes (ed. Wm. Thynne), by Thomas Godfray 
 in 1532 ; and by John Heynes or Wyllyam Bonham in 1542, the Plow- 
 man's Tale being after the Parson's. The 3rd ed. of the Works is about 
 1550, says Mr. Bradshaw, by the Booksellers — Wm. Bonham, R. Kale, 
 Petit, or Toy — and the Plowman's Tale is before the Parson's.] 
 
 (2) Robert le dyabil, due of Normawdie. 
 
 [The prose Life (from ilne ^reTich. Romant de Bohert le diahlc) y7Si^ i^CQ 
 printed by Wynkyn de Worde without date: 'the lyfe of the moost 
 feerfullest and vnmercyfuUest and myscheuous Eobert y* deuyll, whiche 
 was afterwarde called the seruant of our lorde Jhesu cryste.' A copy of 
 one edition is in the British Museum, C. 21. c. ; and another is in the 
 Cambr. Univ. Library. Mr. Thoms reprinted this in vol. i. of his Early 
 Popular Romances, 1828, and says it is taken direct from the French, and 
 is not a reduction of the English verse text. 
 
 Of the verse Life, which, says Mr. Hazlitt, ' follows in general the prose 
 narrative, but exhibits occasional amplifications,' 'a fragment printed 
 with the types of Wynken de Worde or Pynson is in the Bodleian 
 Library.' The verse romance was reprinted for J. Herbert in 1798, 8vo, 
 from a MS "which appears to haA^e been transcribed word for word" 
 {Thoms) from the old printed edition, and has been again reprinted in 
 ^Ir. Hazlitt's Remains of the Early Poimlar Poetry of England, i. 217-263 : 
 see also p. 264-9. As the verse text tells the same story as the prose one, 
 I use it for the following sketch. 
 
 A good Duke of Normandy, to please his lords, weds the daughter of 
 the Earl of Burgundy, but for 12 years has no child by her. For this 
 they grieve greatly, and often pray for a child. At last the Duchess 
 becomes con\TLnced that God will not hear their petition, and so, on the 
 night that she conceives, she prays to the Devil to send them a child, and 
 vows she will give it, soul and body, to the Devil. Accordingly, a boy is 
 bom, and a terrible storm follows. The boy is very big ; his teeth grow 
 fast, and he bites his nurse's nipples off. He grows ; bites other children, 
 puts their eyes out, breaks their legs and arms ; they call him " Eoberte 
 the Deuylle." At seven years old, he thrusts a dagger into his teacher's 
 belly, for correcting him ; he mocks priests, scorns clerks, and hurts men 
 
" 7%e Complaynt-of-Scotland" tales. cxxxix 
 
 at their prayers. When he is older, his Father makes him a knight, that 
 his vows may improve him ; but he grows worse ; at jousts, he kills 
 knights, breaks horses' backs, and strikes down old and young. Then 
 he makes a raid into the country, robs and kills, ravishes maidens and 
 ■wives, pulls down abbeys, slays young children. His father sends men 
 to take him; he puts out their eyes. When more men are sent, he 
 gathers a band of thieves, kills men, spoils crops, eats flesh on Fridays, 
 and cuts off 7 Hermits' heads. Wherever he goes, all people flee from 
 him. This, at last, makes him repent; he begs his fleeing mother to 
 stay, to tell him how he was born ; and then he vows that he'll amend 
 and go to Rome. He returns to his band of thieves, and exhorts them to 
 repent too ; but they mock him and refuse ; so he kills them every one. 
 Then he rides to an Abbey, prays for God's forgiveness, and sends the 
 key of his treasure to his father, to make restitution for his robberies and 
 sins. He then goes to Eome, prays the Pope's pardon, and confesses his 
 sins to him. The Pope send? Robert to a hermit near, who has a revela- 
 tion that Robert must counterfeit a fool, act like one, piill his food from 
 a dog, sleep with dogs, and be dumb. All this, Robert does ; acts the 
 fool at the Emperor of Rome's court, gnaws one end of a bone while a 
 dog gnaws the other, shares a loaf with the dog, and sleeps on straw with 
 it. But soon the Seneschall of the Saracens invades Rome to win the 
 Emperor's deaf and dumb daughter. The infidels are winning, when an 
 Angel gives Robert a white steed and armour, and he soon routs the 
 Saracens. He rides off, and his horse and armour vanish. All this, the 
 Princess sees. Robert comes again as a fool to the Court ; and when the 
 Emperor asks who the White Kjiight is, the Princess always points to 
 the Fool, for which her father abuses her. Again the Saracens invade 
 Rome, and again Robert, armed by the Angel, routs the foe and disap- 
 pears. On the second day of the fight, 6 knights sent by the Emperor, 
 try to discover Robert, and one wounds him in the thigh. The Emperor 
 thereupon promises his daughter to the wounded knight. On this, the 
 Saracen Seneschall wounds himself, personates Robert, claims the Prin- 
 cess, and is about to wed her, when she, by miracle, speaks, and exposes 
 him. Robert is then found among the dogs, and will not speak till the 
 Hermit tells him his sins are forgiven. He then weds the Princess, comes 
 to Normandy, and is loved. The Seneschall invades and slays the Em- 
 peror, for which Robert kills him; and then comes home again, fears 
 God, has a son (who is one of Charlemagne's knights), dies, and goes to 
 heaven. 
 
 Nowe, all men beare these in remembraunce : 
 
 ' He that lyueth well here, no euyll death shall dye.' 
 Yonge and olde, that delyteth to reade in storye, 
 
 Yt shall youe styrre to uertuous lyuynge, 
 
 And cause some to haue theyr memorye 
 
 Of the paynes of hell, that ys euer durynge. 
 
 By readynge bookes, men knowe all thynge 
 
 That euer was done, and hereafter shalbe. 
 
 Idlenes, to myschief many a one doth brynge. . . . 
 
 The original of Robert the Devil was Robert, father of William the 
 Conqueror, and sixth Duke of Normandy. Part of the legends about 
 him have been transferred to a difi"erent person, Robert, King of Sicily 
 (and Jerusalem,) Duke of Apulia etc., who tried to make peace between 
 Edward III and the French king, and whom Froissart and others tell us 
 of. The Romance of Sir Gowghter in the Royal MS 17, printed by 
 Utterson in his Select Pieces of Early Popular Poetry, 1817, 8vo, vol. i, is 
 in character 'substantially identical with Robert the Devil, the names, 
 
cxl " The Complaynl-of -Scotland" tales. 
 
 localities, and other adventitious features only being changed.' 'Sir 
 Frederic Madden pointed out, in his edition of the Old Efiglish versions of 
 the Gesta Romanormn, 1838, 4", that the foundation story of 'Robert the 
 Devil ' and ' Robert of Sicily ' is the tale of Jovinianus, which is told at 
 considerable length both in the English and Latin Gesta.'' (Hazlitt, E. 
 Pop. Poetry, i. 268,)] 
 
 (3) The tayl of the volfe of the varldis end. 
 
 [ Volfe should be voile, says Mr. J. A. H. Murray^, and that means well. 
 If so, Robert Chambers, in his Popular Rht/mes of Scotland, 1870, tells at 
 p. 105-7 a fairy tale of "The Wal at the Warld's End {Fife);' whither a 
 nasty queen with a nastier daughter, sends the nice daughter of a king, 
 to fill a bottle with water. The nice daughter comes back ten times 
 nicer, and marries a bonnie young priace ; but the nasty daughter, when 
 sent, comes back ten times nastier, and marries a cobbler, who licks her 
 every day with a leather strap.] 
 
 (4) Ferrand, erl of Flandris, that niareit the deuyl. 
 
 [The story is probably the same which is related by Gervase of Tilbury, 
 " de Domina castri de Espervel^," and by Bournaker, of the ancestor of 
 the Plantagenet family^. Leyden, p. 237. Barbour mentions Earl Fer- 
 rand's mother in The Bruce, book iv, 1. 241 etc., p. 85, ed. Skeat : 
 
 The erll ferrandis moder was 
 Ane nygramansour, and sathanas 
 Scho rasit, and him askit syne, 
 Quhat suld worth of the fichtyne 
 Betuix the franch kyng and hir sone. 
 
 The devil gave an ambiguous answer ; and the outcome was that the Earl 
 
 . . discumfit wes, & schent, (1. 280) 
 And takyn, and to paris sent.] 
 
 (5) The taiyl of the reyde eyttyn vitht the thre heydis. 
 
 [A. S. Eoten, a giant. ' Sir David Lindsay relates, in the prologue to his 
 Dreme, that he was accustomed, during the minority of James V, to lull 
 him asleep with ' tales of the red-etin and the gyre carlin.' Leyden, p. 319. 
 See the Early English Text Society's ed. of Lyndesay, p. 264, 1. 45. 
 As Lyndesay mentions several of the stories named in the Complaynt, it 
 may be as well to quote his liaes here : — 
 
 More plesandlie the tjone for tyll ouerdryue, 32 
 
 I haue, at lenth, the storeis done discryue 
 Off Hectour, Arthour, and gentyll lulyus, 
 Off Alexander, and worthy Pompeyus, 
 
 Off lasone and Media, all at lenth, 36 
 
 Off Hercules the actis honorabyll. 
 
 And of Sampsone the supernaturall strenth, 
 
 And of leill Luffaris storeis amiabyll ; 
 
 And oft tymes haue I feinjeit mony fabyll, — 40 
 
 * Volfe should undoubtedly be 'voile' or 'velle.' The South-Scotch pro- 
 nunciation of well is woll or wuU, and a place near Ashkirk written "Well is 
 always called Woll. I am going to print voile, in my edition of the Com- 
 pleynt, having no doubt as to it. Wolf is before given as voff, modem wouf. — 
 J. A. H. M. 
 
 ^ Otia Lnperialia, ap. Script. Rer. Brunsvic. vol. i, p. 978. 
 
 ' Forduni Scotichxon. a GoodaU, vol. 2, p. 9. 
 
" Z%e Complaynt-of-Scotland" tales. cxli 
 
 Off Troylus the sorrow and the loye, 
 And Seiffis all, of Tyir, Thebes, and Troi/e. 
 
 The Prophiseis of Eymour, Beid, & Marly ng^ 
 And of mony vther plesand storye, — 44 
 
 Off the reid Etin, and the gyir carlyng, — 
 Comfortand the, quhen that I saw the sorye. 
 
 Rohert Chamhers, in his Popular Rhymes of Scotland, 1870, p. 89-94, prints 
 'from Mr. Buchan's curious manuscript collection' — an untrustworthy 
 source, I assume — a fairy tale of the Red Etin of Ireland, a three-headed 
 giant, who is killed by a poor widow's son who answers his three 
 questions, "Whether Ireland or Scotland was first inhabited? Whether 
 man was made for woman, or woman for man ? Whether men or brutes 
 were made first ?" The young man frees the giant's prisoners, and among 
 them a king's daughter, whom he marries.] 
 
 (6) The tail quhou perseus sauit andromada fra the cruel mowstir. 
 
 \Ovid's Metamorphoses, iv. 663 etc. This and the other classical stories 
 were probably only short tales from some translation of Ovid, and, most 
 likely, not printed ones.] 
 
 (7) The prophysie of merlyne. 
 
 [See the Lyndesay extract above, 1. 43. Editions by Wynkyn de Worde 
 in 1510 and 1529 are known, and Warton says there was an edition by John 
 Hawkins in 1533. 'Here begynneth a Lytel Treatyse of the Byrth and 
 Prophecye of Marlyn.' Colophon : ' Here endeth a lytell treatyse of Mar- 
 lyn, whiche prophesyed of many fortunes or happes here in Englande. 
 Enprynted in London in fletestrete at the sygne of the sonne by Wynkyn 
 de Worde the yere of our lorde a M CCCCO and X.' 4to, 44 leaves. 
 {Hazlitt.) 'This poetical romance,' says Lowndes, 'differs in many 
 respects from the MS. copies. See Brydges's Censura Literaria.' After 
 the date of the Complaynt we have a book which perhaps contains some 
 Prophecies made before that date : " The Whole Prophesie of Scotland, 
 England, & some part of France, and Denmark, Prophesied bee meruellous 
 Merling, Beid, Bertlingtoun, Thomas Rymour, Waldhaue, Eltraine, 
 Banester, and Sibbilla, all according in one. Containing many strange 
 and meruelous things. Printed by Eobert Waldegraue, Printer to the 
 Kings most Excellent Majestic. Anno. 1603." Ajad reprinted for the 
 Bannatyne Club in 1833. The Prophesies of 'Merling' are on pages 
 3-9, 12-14 of the reprint; and another version of parts of the second of 
 these was printed by Mr. Lumby for the Early English Text Society, in 
 Bernardus de Cura Rei familiaris etc. 1870, p. 18-22 : see Preface, p. ix.] 
 
 (8) The tayl of the giantis that eit quyk men. 
 
 [Probably some version of Jack the Giant-killer, or Jack and the Bean- 
 stalk, many varieties of which used to thrill me when a boy, when, after 
 darkness had put an end to "Kings, Covenanters!" "Duck," or "Hy- 
 'Spy," we used to gather into an entry to "tell bogKe tales," till our hair 
 stood on end, and we were too frightened to separate to go home. — J. A. 
 H. Murray.] 
 
 (9) On fut, by fortht, as i euld found. 
 
 [That is, ' On foot, by Forth, as I did go.' A ballad not now known.] 
 
 (10) Vallace. 
 
 [Of the only edition known before 1548, a fragment of 20 leaves only 
 has been preserved. It appears to be printed with Chepman and MyUar's 
 peculiar types, and is supposed to be about 1520 a.d. It is translated 
 
cxlii " The Complaynt-of-Scotland " tales. 
 
 from the Latin of Robert Blair, written in th.e beginning of tbe 14tli cen- 
 tury {EazliWs Handbook). Many later editions exist. The best is from 
 the unique MS in the Advocates' Library, dated 1488, edited by Dr. 
 Jamieson in 1820, and reprinted at Glasgow in 1869, with all its mistakes. 
 The translator is said to have been Blind Harry the Minstrel, about 1470.] 
 
 (11) Thebruce. 
 
 [By Chaucer's contemporary, John Barbour, Archdeacon of Aberdeen, 
 who died in 1395 or 1396. No printed edition before about 1570 is now 
 known. Only 2 MSS of the poem are known, of which the best, which 
 has lost its first third, is in the Library of St. John's College, Cambridge, 
 and is dated 1487. The inferior MS is in the Advocates' Library, Edin- 
 burgh, is complete, is dated 1489, was edited by Dr. Jamieson in 1820, 
 and reprinted at Glasgow, with all its mistakes, in 1869. The Rev. "VV. W. 
 Skeat is now re-editing the work from both MSS and the old printed 
 editions for the Early English Text Society's Extra Series : Part I. was 
 publisht in 1870. Mr. Cosmo Innes made a dreadful mess of the text, 
 which he symmetrized, in his edition for the Spalding Club, 1856. Mr. 
 Henry Bradshaw, University Librarian at Cambridge, has found two 
 MSS containing parts of a verse Troy Book by Barbour, and another 
 very long MS of Saints' Lives in verse, also by Barbour.] 
 
 (12) Tpomedon, 
 
 [' The Life of Ipomydon.' Colophon : ' Enprynted at London in the 
 Eletestrete at the sygne of the Sonne by Wynkyn de Worde ;' no date, 
 4to, but with " L'enuoye of Robert C[opland] the prynter." Only one 
 incomplete copy known. This romance was printed by Weber in his 
 Metrical Romances, 1810, vol. ii. p. 279, from the Harl. MS. 2252; and 
 the story of it is told in Ellis's Early English Metr. Rom. p. 605 etc., ed. 
 Bohn. " The hero of this romance is a Norman, though his name be 
 derived from the Theban war. He is son of Ermones, King of Apulia, 
 and, by his courtesy and skill in hunting, gains the affections of the 
 heiress of Calabria, whom he visits in disguise." {Leyden, p. 240.)] 
 
 (13) The tail of the thre futtifc dog of norrouay. 
 
 [Robert Chambers gives the story of ' The Black Bull of Norroway ' 
 in his Popular Rhymes, p. 95-99, and that of the similar 'Red Bull of 
 Norroway ' at p. 99-101.] 
 
 (14) The tayl quliou Hercules sleu the serpent hidra that hed vij 
 
 heydis. 
 
 [This was doubtless a short story from Ovid's Metamorphoses, ix. 70. 
 
 The earliest known English Romance on Hercules is late: "The 
 History of the Life and Glorious Actions of the mighty Hercules of Greece, 
 his encountering and overthrowing serpents, lions, monsters, giants, 
 tyrants, and powerful armies; his taking of cities, towns, kings, and 
 kingdoms, etc. With many rare and extraordinary adventures and 
 exploits, wonderful and amazing. Also the manner of his unfortunate 
 death : being the most excellent of histories. Printed for S. Bates at the 
 Sun and Bible in Pye- Corner." Small 4to, no date. One copy is among 
 Malone's books in the Bodleian, and another was sold at Mr. Corser's 
 second sale [Catalogue, p. 55), where was also sold "Hercules. Sensuyt 
 les proesses et vaillances du preux et vaillant Hercules. Bk. 1., small 4to. 
 Paris, par Alain Lotrian. s.d."] 
 
 (15) The tail quhou the kyng of est mure land mareit the kyngis 
 
 dochtir of vest mure land. 
 [Can this be " King Estmere " in Percy's Reliques ? Percy tore this 
 
" The Complaynt-of- Scotland" tales. cxliii 
 
 ballad out of his Folio Manuscript — confound him for it ! — so that we 
 cannot tell how badly he cookt the copy he has left us. See the Ferctj 
 Folio Ballads and Romances, vol. ii, p. 200, note 1 ; p. 600-7.] 
 
 (16) Skail gillenderson, the kyngis sone of skellye. 
 
 [Some Scandinavian legend.] 
 
 (17) The tayl of the four sonnis of aymon. 
 [Capt. Cox, III, p. xix, above.] 
 
 (18) The tayl of the brig of the mantribil. 
 
 [No doubt a lost English Charlemagne romance, for in Barbour's 
 Bruce, it is said that Charlemagne 
 
 "... wan Mantrybill, and passed Flagot." 
 
 Ed. Piakerton, i, 81 {Leyden, p. 237).] 
 
 (19) The tail of syr euan, arthours knychfc. 
 
 [No separate printed tale of Sir Ywain is known except the poem of 
 ' Ywaine and Gawin,' printed by Bitson in his Metrical Romances from 
 the Cotton MS. Galba E ix. Leyden says, p. 256, "in Peringskiold's list 
 of Scandic MSS in the Boyal library of Stockholm, besides a metrical 
 history of king Arthur, which records his league with Charlemagne, the 
 following titles occur: Sagaii af Ivent, Eingland Kajipe; — the history of 
 Ewain, Arthurs best beloved knight in England, containing his combats 
 with the Giants and Blacks. This is undoubtedly the romance of Ewain 
 mentioned in the Complaynt. — Sagan af Merra Bewus, the Romance of Sir 
 Bevis."] 
 
 (20) Eauf colljear. 
 
 [Dunbar, in his address ' To the King,' and Gawin Douglas, in his 
 * Palice of Honour,' mention this poem of Ealph the Collier, though no 
 printed edition of it is known before that ' Imprentit at Sanct Androis 
 by Robert Lekpreuik, anno 1572,' which Mr. David Laing repiinted in 
 his Select Remains of the Early Popular Poetry of Scotland, 1822 : " Heire 
 beginnis the taill of Eauf CoUjear, how he harbreit King Charlis." See 
 Irving's History of Scotish Poetry, p. 88-92. A capital poem it is, that 
 ought to be known better in England. It is the Scotch parallel of Johti the 
 Reve in the Percy Folio, (with which Dunbar and Douglas couple it,) and 
 is told in humourous alliterative stanzas; only, the Collier treated 
 Charlemagne more roughly than the Eeve treated Edward Longshanks, 
 for he 
 
 . . hit him vnder the eir with his richt hand 
 
 Quhill he stakkerit thair- with- all 
 
 Half the breid of the haU. 
 
 Mr. Laing has kept us waiting a most tantalizingly long time for a new 
 edition of his excellent Select Remains, The volume contains several 
 English pieces.] 
 
 (21) The seige of millan. 
 
 [Milan has seen many a siege since, at the end of the third century, 
 Maximianus surrounded it with walls. Attila devastated it ; so did the 
 Goths in 539 a.d. under Vitiges. Frederic Barbarossa and Ids Germans 
 took it by assault, and razed it to the gTOund in 1 162. In the petty wars 
 of the Italian cities in the loth and later centuries, Milan took a pro- 
 minent part. But I suppose the Complatjnt tale to refer to the great 
 Barbarossa siege.] 
 
cxliv "The Complaynt-of-Scotland" tales. 
 
 (22) Gauen and gollogras. 
 
 [Cp. Capt. Oox's Syr Gaivyn, XII, p. xxxiv above.] 
 
 (23) Lancelot du lac. 
 
 [No early printed English Lancelot is known ; and we have only one 
 MS, a Scotch, one at Cambridge, in the University Library, carelessly 
 printed by Mr. Stevenson for the Maitland Club, 1839 {Lancelot of the 
 Laik), and carefiilly edited for the Early English Text Society, 1865, by 
 the Rev. W. W. Skeat. It is short, and contains only a small part of the 
 French Lanceht.'] 
 
 (24) Arthour knycht, he raid on nycht, 
 vitht gyltin spur and candil lycht. 
 
 [Leyden says, p. 229, " The romance, of which these lines seem to have 
 formed the introduction, is unknown ; but I have often heard them 
 repeated in a nirrsery tale, of which I only recollect the following ridicu- 
 lous verses : 
 
 Chick my naggie, chick my naggie ! 
 
 How mony miles to Aberdeagie ? 
 
 'Tis eight, and eight, and other eight ; 
 
 "We'll no win there wi' candle light." 
 
 I don't believe in Leyden's supposed "romance." It was probably a 
 ballad.] 
 
 (25) The tail of floremond of albanye, that sleu the dragon be the 
 
 see. 
 [This Tale is lost. Leyden says (p. 229) that the name of the hero is 
 mentioned in the romance of liostvall and Lilian (Edinb. 1663, blk. Ir., 
 846 lines; and Laing's Uarly Metrical Tales, 1826) : — 
 
 Because that I love you so weU, 
 Let your name be Sir Lion dale, 
 Or great Florent of Albanie, 
 My heart, if ye bear love to me ; 
 Or call you Lancelot du Lake, 
 For your dearest true-love's sake ; 
 Call you the Knight of arm[e]s green*, 
 For the love of your Lady sheen.] 
 
 (26) The tail of syr valtir, the bald leslye. 
 
 [Leyden says (p. 230) "This seems to have been a romance of the 
 Crusades. Sir Walter Lesly accompanied his brother Norman to the 
 East, in the Venetian expedition, to assist Peter, king of Cyprus ; where, 
 according to Fordun {Scotichronicon, lib. xvi, cap. 15) ' coeperunt civitatem 
 Alexandrinam tempore ultimi regis David.' After the death of his 
 brother he became Earl of Boss, and Duke of Leygaroch in France. The 
 romance," if one ever existed, is lost.] 
 
 (27) The tail of the pure tynt. 
 
 [" Probably the groundwork of the Fairy tale of ' the pure tint Eashy- 
 coat' a common nursery tale." Leyden, p. 236. The tale of 'Eashie-Coat 
 {Fife) ' is told in E. Chambers's Popular Rhymes, 1870, p. 66-8, and an 
 inferior version follows it. It is "the Scottish edition of the tale of 
 Cinderella.'"'\ 
 
 ' Sir Gawain and the Green Knight (Eoxb. Club, and E. E. Text Soc). 
 
''The Complaynt-of -Scotland" tales. cxlv 
 
 (2S) Claryades and maliades. 
 
 [No printed copy is known earlier than 1830, -when Dr. David Irving 
 edited the romance of Clariodus from an imperfect MS of about 1550 a.d, 
 for Sir. Edward Piper's present to the Maitland Club. The romance is 
 earlier than its MS, and is translated from a French prose orig-inal, of 
 which there was once an EngHsh ti'anslation, made before the Scotch one. 
 The story is of England : — how, after the days of King Arthur, the young 
 knight Clariodus, son of the Earl of Estm-e, or the Asturias, wins and 
 weds the lovely lady MeUades, daughter and heiress of Philipon, king of 
 England ; and how, after theii- man-iage (at p. 304) feastings, adventuree, 
 tourneys, joui-neys to Castalie, Ireland &c go on, till the text ends, im- 
 perfectly, at p. 376 of the printed edition.] 
 
 (29) Arthour of litil bertang^e. 
 
 [This is the hook reprinted in 4to by Dtterson in 1814 as "Arthur of 
 Brytaj-n. The hystory^ of the moost- noble and valyaunt knyght Arthur 
 of lytell brytajme, translated out of fi-ensshe in to englushe^ by the noble 
 Johan Bourghcher knyght lorde Bai-ners, newly Imprynted:" no date, 
 black letter, folio, 179 leaves. (Collier, Dibl. Cat. i. 63). Colophon: 
 "Here endeth the hystory of Arfiiur of lytell Brytayne. Impa-ynted at 
 London in Bowles churche yeard at the sygne of the Cocke by Eoberte 
 Eedbome." Only 2 perfect copies exist, at Althorp and Bridgewater 
 House ; and one imperfect copy.] 
 
 (30) Eobene hude and litil ihone. 
 
 [See Capt. Cox's Robin Sood, XXII, p. li, above. It's the same book, 
 no doubt.] * 
 
 (31) The mernellis of mandiueil. 
 
 [We know 3 editions before 1548 of this most amusing book of travels 
 and legends, 1. WjTikyn de Worde's in 1499 ; 2. at his sign of the Sim 
 in 1503 ;■ 3. PjTison's, without date. 1. "Here Begynneth a lytell 
 treatyse or booke named Johan Mandeuyll Knyght born in Englonde in 
 the towne of sajsmt Albone and speketh of the wayes of the holj'- londe 
 toward Jherrusalem, and of marueyles of Ynde and of other dyuerse 
 couwtrees." Colophon. "Here endeth the boke of Johan Mau^devyll 
 knyght, of the wayes towarde Jerusalem, & of the meruayles of Ynde & 
 of other dyuerse cou;;trees. Empryntod at "SVestmynster by "NVynken de 
 Worde. Anno A.omim M. CCCC. LXXXXIX." 8vo. An edition was 
 pubUsht in 1725 from the Cotton MS, Titus C. xvi, — incorrectly, I expect 
 — and was reprinted in 1839 and 1869, with an Inti-oduetion by Mr. 
 Halliwell, and some very quaint woodcuts from the MS and the old 
 printed editions. Sir Jolui Mande^^lle left England for Jerusalem etc. 
 in 1322, and wrote his Travels in 1356, thirty-four years after he started. 
 Later on, the work was turned into a chap-book : '■ The Foreign Travels 
 of Sir John MandeviUe. Containing, An Account of remote Kingdoms, 
 Countries, Elvers, Castles, &c. Together with a Description of Giants, 
 Pigmies, and various other People of odd Deformities ; as also their Laws, 
 ' Customs, and Manners. Likewise enchanted Wildernesses, Dragons, 
 GriiEns, and many more wonderful Beasts of Prey, &c &c kc." (AVith 7 
 woodcuts.) ' Printed and Sold in Aldermary Chiu'ch- Yard, London. (In 
 Mr. Corser's sale.)] 
 
 (32) (33) The tayl of the '^ong tamlene, and of the bald brabaud. 
 [Leyden identifies Tamlene with the later ballad of The Young Tamlane 
 
 in Scott's Minsti'elsy, a.d. 1802, (p. 474-480 of A. Mm-ray's reprint, 
 1869), a few verses of which appeared in Herd's Scottish Songs, 1776, 
 
 * Mystory — JSazlitt's Handbook. ^ moast — Hazlitt. ^ englishe — Hazlitt, 
 
 I 
 
cxM "The Complaynt-of-Scotland" tales. 
 
 i. 159 (ed. 1869), as 'Kertouhe, or tlie Fairy Court,' and Johnson's 
 Museum. (See p. clxiv below.) He therefore makes The Bald Braband a 
 separate romance of French or Norman origin. Mr. J. A. H. Murray- 
 does so too, notwithstanding the author's singular "tayl," which woiild 
 lead us to suppose that the two heroes belonged to one story. See some 
 doggrel verses on ' Tam o' the Linn ' in R. Chambers's Popular Rhymes, 
 ed. 1870, p. 33, and p. cxxvii above.] 
 
 (34) The ryngi of the roy Eobert. 
 
 [In Mackenzie's Lives, vol. i, and Pinkerton's list of the poems in the 
 Folio Maitland MS, this poem is ascribed to Deine David Steill. It begins 
 "In to the ring of the roy Robert." A modernized copy was issued in 
 1700 under the title of " Eobert the III, king of Scotland, his Answer to 
 a Summonds sent by Henry the IV. of England to do homage for the 
 Crown of Scotland," is [rejprinted in Watson's Collection of Scotish 
 poems, pt. 3, which begins "Dureing the reigne of the Royal Eobert." 
 Ley den, p. 231. It is also reprinted ' in two different publications of Mr. 
 Laing, Fugitive Scotish Foetry, and Early Metrical Tales. It contains a 
 magnanimous and indignant answer, supposed to have been returned by 
 Robert the Third, when Henry the Fourth of England summoned bim to 
 do homage for his kingdom. The author's patriotism may be more safely 
 commended than his poetry, which is of a very inferior order.' Irving' s 
 Eist. of Scotish Foetry, p. 201, ed. 1861.] 
 
 (35) Syr egeir and syr gryme. 
 
 [Of this verse Romance no printed copy is known earlier than 1687. 
 It belongs to Mr. David Laing, who reprinted the 2nd edition known, 
 that of 1711, in his Early Metrical Tales, 1826. By far the best copy^ is 
 in Bp. Percy's Folio MS, and is printed in the Ballads and Romaitees of it, 
 i. 354-400, in 1474 lines. Its " subject is the true and tried friendship of 
 Sir Eger and Sir Grime. It sings how a true knight (Sir Grime) stood 
 faithfully by his friend when misfortune overtook him, and fought his 
 battle, and won it, and was rewarded with the same happiness which he 
 had so nobly striven to secure for his friend — success in love." In 1497, 
 the sum of nine shillings was paid to " twa fithelaris that sang Gray Steil 
 to the King," See Mr. D. Laing's Introduction, and Mr. Hales's in the 
 Percy Folio Bal. and Mom. Gray Steel was the knight who overcame Sir 
 
 * reign. 
 
 2 However, the lines praised so strongly by Prof. Lowell in his charming 
 essay in My Study Windows, p. 256-7, are not in the Percy- Folio copy. The 
 author of the inimitable Bigloiv Fapers says : " One more passage occurs to me, 
 almost incomparable in its simple straight-forward force, and choice of the 
 right words : — 
 
 " Sir Graysteel to his death thus thraws, 
 
 He welters, and the grass updraws 
 
 A little while then lay he still, 
 (Friends that saw him, liked full ill,) 
 And bled into his armoiir bright." 
 
 The last line, for suggestive reticence, almost deserves to be put beside the 
 famous 
 
 " Quel giorno piti non vi leggemmo avante " 
 
 of the great master of laconic narration [Dante]. In the same poem" — Sir 
 jif/er and Sir Grime in the Percy Folio i. 354. The passage quoted is from 
 Ellis — " the growing love of the lady, in its maidenliness of unconscious be- 
 trayal, is touched with a delicacy and tact as surprising as they are delightful." 
 
" The Complaynt -of -Scotland " tales. cxlvii 
 
 Eger, and who cut off the right little-finger of every knight he vanquisht. 
 But Grime slew him for Eger's sake.] 
 
 (36) Beuis of southamtonn. 
 
 [See Captain Cox's IV, p. xxii ahove.] 
 
 (37) The goldin targe. 
 
 [This is a poem of Dunbar's, first printed on 6 leaves hy Walter Chep- 
 man and Andro Millar at Edinburgh in 1508, though the copy in the 
 Advocates' Library, Edinburgh, has no place or date on it. It is reprinted 
 in Mr. David Laing's edition of Dunbar's "Works 1834 (with a Supple- 
 ment 1865), i. 11, and "the object of this poem is to demonstrate the 
 general ascendency of love over reason : the golden terge, or the shield of 
 reason, is found an insufficient protection against the assaults of the train 
 of love." Irving' s Sist. of Scotish Poetry, p. 235, ed. 1861.] 
 
 (38) The paleis of honour. 
 
 [No copy of this is known so early as 1548-9, though a Scotch printer's 
 copy must have existed earlier. As William Copland was at the Rose 
 Garland in 1548, his undated edition might have been printed in the first 
 year of Mary's reign: "The Palis of Honoure composed by Gawyne 
 Dowglas, Byshope of Dunkyll. Imprinted at London in flet-stret, at the 
 sygne of the Rose garland by wyllyam Copland. God saue Queue 
 Marye," 4to, black letter, 40 leaves. Henrie Charteris's edition of 1579 
 was reprinted for the Bannatyne Club in 1827, 4to. The poem, which is 
 the longest of Douglas's original works, seems to have been written in 
 1501, and describes the author's dream of all the worthies of antiquity 
 down to nearly his own day, — heathen gods and goddesses, as well as 
 Chaucer, Gower, and Lydgate, — journeying to the Palace of Honour. 
 This he describes, and the lake, wherein those who fail to seek it, fall. 
 The poem is an odd mixture of ancient and modern : Calliope expounds 
 the scheme of human redemption. See Irving, p. 269-277, for an outline 
 of it.] 
 
 (o9) The tayl quhou acteon vas trawsformit in ane hart, and syne 
 slane be his auen doggis. 
 [Another tale from Ovid's Metamorphoses, iii. 155 etc.] 
 
 (40) The tayl of Pirramus and tesbe. 
 
 [No doubt a short tale from some lost translation of Ovid (JJfe^. iv, 
 55-165). Golding's translation was not publisht till 1567. Mr. Halliwell 
 piints the Pyramus story from it in. his Introduction to Shakespeare' s Mid- 
 summer Night's Dream, 1841, p. 12-16. The first notice that we have of 
 a book on this subject is in an entry in 1562-3 in the Stationers' Register A, 
 leaf 92 {Collier, i. 79) :— 
 
 W greffethe Kecevyd of Wylliam grefieth for his lycense for \ ....^ 
 pryntinge of a boke intituled Perymus and Thesbye j ^ 'J 
 
 ■ No copy of the book is known, nor any of the later edition by Hacket. 
 Mr. CoUier says ' The History of Pyramus and Thisbie, truly translated,' 
 is contained in the 'Gorgeous Gallery of gallant Inventions,' 1578; and 
 in the ' HandfuU of Pleasant Delights,' 1584, is ' a new Sonet of Pyramus 
 and Thisbie,' subscribed J. Tomson. {Stat. Meg. i. 80.) 
 
 (41) The tail of the amours of leander and hero. 
 
 [The only notice we have of the earliest and otherwise unknown trans- 
 lation of the work of Musseus the Grammarian, Be Amore Herois et Leandri, 
 is a marginal note in Abraham Fleming's translation of Virgil's Georgics, 
 1589, 4to: "The poet alludeth to the historic of Leander and Hero, 
 
 12 
 
cxlviii " The Complaynt -of- Scotland " tales. 
 
 written by Musaeus, and Englished by me a dozen yeares ago [1577], 
 and in print." J. P. Collier, in Notes and Queries, Dec. 8, 1849, p. 84-5. 
 This 'tayl' of the Complaynt before 1548 may — like many others in the 
 list — have been a broadside. Ovid mentions the story. Her. xviti. 19.] 
 
 (42) The tail quhou lupiter transformit his deir loue yo in ane 
 
 cou. 
 [More Ovid : Metamorphoses, bk. i.] 
 
 (43) The tail quhou that iason vau the goldin fleice, 
 
 [This may be ' A Boke of the hoole Lyf of Jason ' printed by Caxton 
 about 1477, consisting of 148 leaves, and reprinted in 1492, by Gerard 
 Leeu of Antwerp, with cuts, 'The veray trew History of the vahauwt 
 Knight Jasow ;' but was probably only a short Tale from the 7th book of 
 Ovid's Metamorphoses. Caxton's edition is translated from Kaoul Le 
 Fevre's French original.] 
 
 (44) Opheus, kyng of portingal. 
 
 [This cannot be the romance of Orfeo and Heurodis in the Affleck MS, 
 printed in Mr. D. Laing's Select Remains, 1822, in which Orfeo is a king 
 in England, has the city of Traciens or "Winchester, and recovers Heurodis 
 who has been carried off by the King of the Fairies. Nor can it be 
 Henryson's poem printed by W. Chepman and A. Millar in 1508 : — 
 " Heire begynnis the traitie of Orpheus kyng, and how he yeid to hewyn 
 and to hel to seik his queue : And ane other ballad in the lattir end ; — " 
 and reprinted in Mr. David Laing's edition of Henryson's "Works, 1865. 
 Henryson rightly makes his Orpheus, king of Thrace. Perchance some 
 Middle-age wi'iter altered Thrace to Portugal. Geography was 'of no 
 consequence ' with the story-tellers of those days.] 
 
 (45) The tayl of the goldin appil. 
 
 [That of Eris, inscribed ' to the fairest,' thrown among the Gods at the 
 wedding of Peleus and Thetis, whence sprang the dispute between Juno, 
 Minerva, and Venus, its decision by Paris, the rape of Helen, and the fall 
 of Troy, that central romance of the Middle-ages. Plenty of stories of 
 it, — ^long to shorten, short to translate, — were there to serve as the original 
 of the Complaynt 'tayl.'] 
 
 (46) The tail of the thre veird systirs. 
 
 [' Clotho, the spinning fate ; Lachesis, the one who assigns to man his 
 fate ; and Atropos, the fate that cannot be avoided.' Ovid, Met. xv. 781, 
 808 etc.] 
 
 (47) The tayl quhou that dedalus maid the laborynth to keip the 
 
 mobster minotaurus. 
 [Ovid, Met. viii.] 
 
 (48) The tail quhou kyng midas gat tua asse luggis on his hede, 
 
 be cause of his auereis. 
 [Another story from Ovid, book xi of the Metamorphoses. There is a 
 Ballad on the same subject among the broadsides of the Society of Anti- 
 quaries, written by T. Hedley, and imprinted at London, by Hary Sutton, 
 dwellyng in Poules Churchj'ard, and reprinted in Mr. Halli well's Intro- 
 duction to Shakespeare' s Midsummer Night's Dream, p. 18-19. Sutton 
 printed and publisht from 1557 to 1575.] 
 
 % Quhen thir scheiphyrdis hed tald al thyr pleysand storeis, 
 than thay and ther vyuis began to sing sueit melodius sangis of 
 natural music of the antiquite, the foure raarmadyns that sang 
 
" The Complaynt-ofScotland " sweet Songs. cxlix 
 
 quheu thetis vas mareit on month pillio^t, thai sang nocht sa sueit 
 as did thir scheiphyrdis, quhilkis ar callit to name, parthenopie, 
 leucolia, illigeatempora, the feyrd callit legia, for thir scheiphirdis 
 excedit al thir foure marmadyns in melodius music, in gude ac- 
 cordis and reportis of dyapason prolatious, and dyatesseron. the 
 musician amphion quhilk sa^zg sa dulce, quhil that the stanis mouit, 
 and alse the scheip and nolt, and the foulis of the ayr, pronuncit 
 there bestial voce to sing vitht hym. zit nochtheles his ermoniws 
 sang prefferrit nocht the sueit sangis of thir foir-said scheiphirdis. 
 Nou i vil reherse sum of the sueit sangis that i herd amang Vaem 
 as eftir follouis. in the fyrst, 
 
 (49) Pastance vitht gude companye. 
 
 [English. Written by Henry VIII. Facsimiled, with the tune, for 
 Mr. Wm. Chappell, in Archceologia, xli. 372, from a MS that once belonged 
 to Henry VIII, and now belongs to a Mrs. Lamb. The song was also 
 printed by Dr. Eimbault in his Little Booh, p. 37, and Mr. Chappell in 
 his Popular Music, from the Additional MS 5665 in the British Museum, 
 which was once Joseph Ritson's. It is there called " The Kyngis Balade." 
 Here it is from Mrs. Lamb's MS, pages 24, 25, as facsimiled in Archceo- 
 logia, vol. xli, PI. xvi, p. 372 ; but in the MS every U has a line across 
 its top. 
 
 The kynge. H. viij. 
 
 (1) 
 PAstyme wttA good cwwpanye 
 I loue, & shall vntyll I dye ; — 
 gruche who lust, but none denj^e, 
 so god be plesyd, thus leue wyll I. 
 for my pastawce 
 huwt, syng, & dauMce, 
 
 my hart is sett ! 
 all goodly sport, 
 for my co)«fort, 
 who shall me let ? 
 
 (2) 
 
 youthe must haue su.m daliance, 
 oS" good or yll, sum pastance ; 
 Company me thynke« then best, 
 all thoughtes & fansys to deiest ; 
 
 ffor Idillnes 
 is cheff mastres 
 
 of vices all ; 
 then who can say 
 but mirth and play 
 
 is best of all ? 
 
 (3) 
 Company wet/* honeste 
 is vertu, vices to flee ; 
 Company is good & ill, 
 but eue;y man hath hys fre wyll ; 
 the best ensew, 
 the worst eschew, 
 
 my mynde shalbe ; 
 vertu to vse, 
 vice to refuce ; 
 
 thus shall I vse me. 
 
 '_ Bishop Latimer, says ]\Ir. Chappell, wished to instil into Edward VI a 
 higher view of what " Pastyme with good Company" should be than he 
 would get from his father's Ballad, and on that account in his Second 
 Sermon before the young king, — preacht on Deut. xxii. 18, " And it shall 
 be when he sitteth upon the throne of his kingdom, that he shall write 
 him a copy of this law in a book out of that which is before the priests the 
 Levites : And it shall be with him, and he shall read therein all the days 
 of his life, that he may learn to fear the Lord his God," etc., — says 
 
 " And when the kyng is sette in the seate of hys Kyngedome, what 
 shal he do ? shal he daunce, and dally, banket ? hauke and hunte ? No 
 forsothe syr. For as God set an order in the Kyngs stable as I tolde you 
 in my last Sermon, so wyll he appoynte what pastyme a Kynge shall 
 
cl 
 
 The Complaynt-of -Scotland^' sweet Songs. 
 
 haue. What must he do then? He muste be a studient. He must 
 wryte Goddes boke hyra selfe. Not thynkynge bycause he is a kynge, 
 he hath l,ycence to do what he "wyl, as these woiidlye flatterers are wont 
 to say. Yea, trouble not your selfe sir, ye mai hauke and hunt, and take 
 youre pleasure. As for the giiydinge of your kyngdome and people, let 
 vs alone wyth it. 
 
 " These flattering clawbackes are originall rotes of all mischyue, and 
 yet a Kynge maye take hys pastyme in haukinge or huntynge or such 
 lyke pleasures. But he must vse them for recreation when he is wery of 
 waighty affayres, that he mai returne to them the more lustye. and this 
 is csXiedi pastime with good companye" (Ed. Arber, p. 64.) 
 
 And again, " So your grace must learne ho we to do of Salomon. Ye 
 must make your petition, now study, nowe praye. They must be yoked 
 togither, and thys is called '■pastime wyth good company.^ " {lb. p. 70.)] 
 
 (50) The breir byndis me soir. 
 
 (51) Stil vuclir the leyuis grene. 
 
 [See (96). In the Maitland MS, and printed by Pinkerton in his Mait- 
 land Poems, p. 205. In his notes, p. 424, riL.-:?rton says "This piece, 
 for the age it was written, is almost miraculous. The tender pathos is 
 finely recommended by an excellent cadence. An age that produced this, 
 might produce almost any perfection in poetry." I wonder what the 
 worthy editor's notion of 'quite miraculous' was, though the 'sang' is a 
 good one. Mr. Lumby has kindly read this print with the MS ; but the 
 initial 'y' is printed 'th.' 
 
 The Muening Maidin. 
 
 (1) 
 Still under the levis grene, 
 This hinder day I went alone ; 
 I hard ane may fair mwme and 
 
 meyne ; 
 To the King of Luif scho maid 
 
 hir mone. 4 
 
 Scho sychit sely soir ; 
 Said ' Lord, I luif thi loir. 
 Mair wo droit never woman one. 
 
 langsum lyfe, and thow war gone, 
 Than suld I mwme no moir !' 9 
 
 (2) 
 As rid gold-wyir schynit hir hair ; 
 And all in grene, the may scho giaid. 
 Ane bent bow in hir hand scho bair ; 
 Undir hir belt war arro wis braid. 13 
 
 1 foUowit on that fre, 
 That semelie wes to se. 
 
 Withe still mwming hir mone scho 
 
 maid. 
 That bird undir a bank scho baid, 
 And lenit hir to ane tre. 18 
 
 (3) 
 Wanweird, scho said : " Quhat have 
 
 I wrocht, 
 " That on me kytht hes all this cair ? 
 
 Trew lufe, so deir I have the 
 
 bocht!— 
 Certis, so sail I do na mair. 22 
 
 Sen that I go begyld 
 With ane that faythe has syld. — 
 That gars me oftsyis syis' full sair ; 
 And walk among the holtis hair, 
 Within the M'oddis wyld. 27 
 
 (4) 
 " This grit disese for luif I dre — 
 Tharr is no toung can tell the wo ! — 
 I luif the lufe that luifis not me ; 
 I may not mend, but mwrning mo. 
 Qidiill God send sum remeid, 32 
 Throw destany, or deid. 
 I am his freind, and he my fo. 
 My sweit, allace ! quhy dois he so ? 
 I wrocht him never na feid ! 36 
 
 (5) 
 
 " Withoutin feyid I wes his freind 
 In word and wark. Grit God it 
 
 wait! 
 Quhair he wes placit, thair list I 
 
 leynd, 
 Doand him service ayr and lait. 40 
 He kepand eftir syne 
 Till his honour and myne. 
 
 ' for sich, sigh. 
 
" The Comptaynt-of -Scotland^' sweet l:^ongs. 
 
 cli 
 
 Bot now he gais ane uther gait, 
 And hes no e to my estait ; 
 Quhilk dois me all this pyne. 45 
 
 (6) 
 
 " It dois me pyne that I may prufe, 
 That maks me thus murning mo. 
 My lufe, he luifis ane uther liife ! 
 Allace, sweithart ! Quhy dois he so ? 
 Quhy sould he me forsaik ? 50 
 
 Have mercye on his maik ! 
 Thairfoir my hart will hirst in two. 
 And thus, walldng with da and ro, 
 My leif now heir I taik." 54 
 
 (7) 
 
 Than wepit scho, lustie in weyd ; 
 And on her wayis can scho went. 
 In hy eftir that heynd I jeyd, 
 And in my armes could hir hent, 5 8 
 And said " Fayr lady, at this tyd. 
 With leif ye man abyde, 
 And teU me quho yow hidder sent, 
 Or quhy ye heir your bow so bent 
 To sla our deir of pryd ? 63 
 
 (8) 
 " In waithman weyd sen I yow find 
 In this wod walkand your alone, 
 Your mylk-qhyt handis we sail 
 
 bind 
 Quhill that the blnde hirst fra the 
 
 bone. 67 
 
 Chargeand yow to prwsoun, 
 To the king's deip dwngeoTin. 
 Thai may ken, be your feddcrit 
 
 flane, 
 Yc have mony heistis bane 
 Upon thir bentis broun." 72 
 
 (9) 
 That fre answerit with fayr afeir, 
 And said, " Schir, mercy, for your 
 
 mycht ! 
 • Thus man I bow and arrowis heir, 
 Becaus I am ane baneist wycht ; 76 
 So wlU I be full lang. 
 For Godis luif lat me gang ; 
 And heir to yow my treuth I plycht, 
 That I sail, nowder day nor nycht, 
 No wyld heist wait with wrang. 8i 
 
 (10) 
 
 " Thocht I walk in this forrest fre, 
 Withe bow, and eik with fedderit 
 flane, 
 
 It is Weill mair than dayis thre, 
 And meit or drynk yit saw I nane. 
 Thocht I had never sic neid 8G 
 
 My selffe to wyn my breid, 
 Your deir may walk, schir, thair 
 
 alane. 
 Yet wes I nevir na heistis bane ; 
 I may not se thame bleid, 90 
 
 (11) 
 " Sen that I never did yow ill, 
 It wer no skill ye did me skaith. 
 Your deir may walk quhairevir thai 
 
 will ; 
 I wyn my meit with na sic waithe. 
 I do bot litill wrang, 95 
 
 Bot gif I flowris fang. 
 Giff that ye trow not in my aythe, 
 Tak heir my bow and arrowis 
 
 baythe. 
 And lat my awin selfiFe gang. 99 
 
 (12) 
 "I say your bow and arrowis 
 
 bricht ! — • 
 I bid not have thame, be Sanct 
 
 Bryd. 
 Bot ye man rest with me all nycht, 
 All nakdt sleipand be my syd." 103 
 " I will not do that syn !" 
 " Leif yow this warld to wyn ! 
 Ye ar so haill of hew and hyd, 
 Luif hes me fangit into this tyd ; 
 I may not fra yow twyn." 108 
 
 (13) [p. 203.] 
 
 Than lukit scho to me, and lewch ; 
 And said " Sic lufe I rid yow layne. 
 Albeit ye mak it never sa tewch, 
 To me your labour is in vane. 112 
 Wer I out of your sycht 
 The space of halfe a nycht, 
 Suppois ye saw me never agane — 
 Luif hes yow streinyeit with litis 
 
 pane, 
 Thairto my treuthe I plycht." 117 
 
 (14) 
 I said, " My sweit, forsuythe I sail 
 For ever luif yow, and no mo. 
 Thocht utheris luif, and leif, with 
 
 all, 
 Maist certanlie I do not so. 12 i 
 I do yow trew luif hecht. 
 Be all the bewis bricht ! 
 Ye ar so fair ! be not my fo ! 
 Ye sail have syn, and ye me slo 
 Thus throw ane suddan sycht." 126 
 
clii 
 
 The Complaynt-of-Scotland" sweet Songs. 
 
 (15) 
 "That I yow sla, that God for- 
 
 scheild ! 
 Quhat have I done, or said, yow 
 
 tm ? 
 
 I wes not wont wappynis to weild ; 
 
 Bot am ane woman, glf ye will, 130 
 
 That suirlie feiris yow, 
 
 And ye not me, I trow. 
 
 For, gude schir, tak in none ill, 
 
 Sail never heme gar breif the bill 
 
 At bidding me to bow. 135 
 
 (16) [p. 210.] 
 
 "Into this wode ay walk I sail, 
 Ledand my lyfe as woful wycht : 
 Heir I forsaik bayth hour and hall. 
 And all thir bigings that are 
 
 brycht! 139 
 
 My bed is maid full cauld, 
 With beistis bryme and bauld. 
 That garris me say, bayth day and 
 
 nycht, 
 Allace that ever the toung sould 
 
 hecht 
 That hart thocht not to hauld!" 144 
 
 (17) 
 
 Thir words out throw my hairt so 
 
 went. 
 That neir I wepit for hir wo ; 
 But thairto wald I not consent. 
 And said that it sould not be so. 148 
 Into my armes swythe 
 Embrasit I that blythe, 
 Sayand, "Sweit hart! of harmes 
 
 ho! 
 Found sail I never this forrest fro, 
 Quhill ye me confort kyth." 153 
 
 (18) 
 
 Than knelit I befoir that cleir ; 
 
 And meiklie could hir mercye craiff 
 
 That semlie than, with sobir chier, 
 
 Me of hir gudlynes forgaif. 157 
 
 It wes no neid I-wys, 
 
 To bid ws uther kys. 
 
 Thair mycht no hairtis mair joy 
 
 resaif, 
 Nor uther could of uther half : 
 Thus brocht wer we to blys. 162 
 (MS. ia Pepysian Libr. Cambr.)] 
 (52) Cou thou me the raschis grene. 
 
 [Appendix to the Eoyal MSS, 68 (No. 26 in the ' Catalogue of the 
 Manuscript Music in the British Museum, 1842_, p. 10). The Fayrfax MS. 
 leaf 2. Printed in Kitson's Ancient Songs, vdl. i, p. Ixxv, with the music. 
 
 OUe to me the Eysshys grene. CoUe to me. 
 Colle to me the Kysshes grene. CoUe to me. 
 
 ffor my pastyme, vpon a day, 
 
 I walkyde a-lone ryght secretly ; 
 
 in A momynge of lusty may, 
 
 me to Eeioyce I dyd A-plye. 
 
 wher I saw one in gret dystresse 
 
 Complaynyng« hym thus pytuously : 
 
 " Alas I" he sayde, " for my mastres, 
 
 I well pcrseyue that I shall dye. 
 " wythout that thus she of hur6' grace, 
 
 to pety she wyll some what reuert, 
 
 I haue most cause to say A-las ! 
 
 ffor hyt ys she that hath my hart, 
 " Soo to contynew whyle my lyff endure, 
 
 though I fore hur« sholde suffre dethe ; 
 
 She hath my hart wyth owt Eecure, 
 
 And euer shall, durynge my brethe." 
 
 On the back of leaf 12 is the same burden — 
 
 " Coll to me the russhes grene. Coll to me. 
 Coll to me the russhes grene. Coll to me." 
 
 set to a different tunc.] 
 
" The Complaynt-of-Scotland^' sweet Songs. cliii 
 
 (53) AUace, i vyit zour tua fayr ene !* 
 
 (54) Gode zou, gude day, vil boy. 
 
 (55) Lady, help zour presoneir^. 
 
 (56) Kyng villzamis note. 
 
 (57) The lang nouneuou [= nonny uo]. 
 
 (58) The cheapel valk. 
 
 (59) Faytht is there none. 
 
 (60) Skald abellis nou. 
 
 (61) The abirdenis nou. 
 
 (62) Brume brume on hil. 
 
 [Mifflish. See Capt. Cox, LIII, p. cxxToii above, and Pop. Mus. p. 459.] 
 
 (63) Allone i veip in grit distres. 
 
 [Godlified in The Gude and Godlie Ballates, p. 129, ed. D. Laing, 1868.] 
 
 (64) Trolee lolee, lemnien dou. 
 
 [Cp. Capt. Cox's Troly lo, LIV, p. cxxix.] 
 
 (65) Bille, vil thou cum by a lute, 
 
 and belt the in Sanct Francis cord ? 
 
 [In Constable's MS. Cantus the following lines [probably] of this song 
 are introduced into a medley : 
 
 Bille, will ye cum by a lute. 
 
 And tuich it with your pin ? trow low ! {Leyden, p. 279.)] 
 
 (66) The frog cam to the myl dur. 
 
 [Pinkerton, in his Select Jjallads, ii. 33, says that " The froggie came 
 to the mill door" was simg on the Edinburgh stage shortly before 1784. 
 Leyden, p. 279, gives a few lines of another nursery song on the frog (or 
 cat) and mouse. The earliest English notice of a Frog-song that we 
 have is the entry on the Stationers' Register of a license to Edward 
 White on 21 November 1580 of four ballads, of which the first is " A 
 moste strange weddinge of the frogge and the mouse" {Collier's Stat. 
 Reg. ii. 132). Dr. Rimbault has printed in his Little Book, p. 87-94, three 
 versions of the wedding of the Frog and Mouse, — one Scotch, from Mr. 
 C. K. Shai-pe's Ballad Book 1826, — and mentions another old " Frogge 
 Song" in HaUiwell's Nursery Rhymes, ed. 1843, p. 87, and a parody upon 
 the same in Tom d'Urfey's Pills to purge Melancholy, 1719, vol. i. p. 14.] 
 
 (67) The sang of gilquhiskar. 
 
 (68) Eycht soirly musing in my mynde. 
 
 [Godhfied in the Godlie Ballates, p. 54, ed. D. Laing, 1868.] 
 
 (69) Grod sen the due hed byddin in France, 
 And delaubaute hed neuyr cum hame. 
 
 [This song is not known ; it must have been on ' the Chevalier de la 
 Beaute,' who was left as Pro-regent in Scotland when John Duke of 
 Albany retired to France, in the minority of James V, and who was 
 murdered in 1515.' Leyden, p. 276. See in Dunbar's Works, ed. Laing, 
 1. 251 " Ane Orisoun quhen the Govemour past into France."] 
 
 ' Mr. David Laing thinks, from these first lines, that their songs are likely 
 to have been Alexander Scott's. Al. Scott's Poems, p. x. 
 
cliv " The Complaynt-of-Scotland" sweet Songs, 
 
 (70) Al musing of meruellis, amys hef i gone. 
 
 [A verse of this song occurs in Constable's MS. Cantus : 
 
 " All musing of mervells in the mid morne, 
 Through a slunk in a slaid, amisse have I gone ; 
 I heard a song me beside, that reft from me my sprite, 
 But through my dream as I dreamed, this was the effect." 
 
 Leyden, p. 279.] 
 
 (71) Mastres fayr, ze vil forfayr. 
 
 (72) lusty maye, vitht flora quene. 
 
 ["This beautiful song was printed by Chepman and Myllar in 1508, 
 and also in Forbes' s Aberdeen Cantus [thence reprinted by Ritson, Scotish 
 Songs, Hist. Essay, p. xli] : a copy with several variations, is preserved 
 in the Bannatyne MS." Leyden, p. 279. The latter, not modernized 
 as in Forbes, whose second song it is, is printed at the end of Alexander 
 Scott's Poems, p. 97-9, ed. D. Laing. 
 
 (1) 
 " lusty May with Flora quene. 
 The bahny dropis frome Phebus 
 shene, 
 Preluciand hemes be-foir the day, 
 befoir the day. 
 By the Diana growis grene, 
 Throwch glaidnes of this lusty 
 
 (2) 
 Than Esperus, that is so bricht 
 Till wofall hairtis, castis his lycht 
 With bankis that blumes (on 
 euery bray) — bis ; 
 And schuris ar sched furt/> of J^at 
 sicht 
 Thruch glaidnes of this lusty 
 •May. 
 
 " The following stanza, which occurs not in the Manuscript is added 
 from the Aberdeen Cantus. 
 
 (3) 
 
 Birdis on bewis of every birth, 
 Reiosing nottis makand thair mirth, 
 
 Jiyc/it pleasandly vpoun the spray 
 With fHurissingis, our feild & firth, 
 
 Thruch ' glaidnes of this lusty 
 May.' 
 
 (4) 
 All luvaris J'at ar in cair, 
 To thair ladeis than do repair 
 In fresch mornyngis (befoir the 
 day), 
 And ar in mirth ay mair & mair 
 Thruch glaidnes of this lusty 
 May. 
 
 Bann. MS. fol. 
 
 Of everie moneth in the yeir 
 
 To mirthfull May thair is no peir, 
 
 Hir glistrine garments ar so gay. 
 
 You lovaris all mak merie cheir, 
 Tkruch glaidness of this lustie 
 May."] 
 
 (73) O myue hart, hay, this is my sang. 
 [Godlified in the Godlie Ballatcs, p. 121.] 
 
 (74) The battel of the hayrlaui. 
 
 [The battle was fought in 1411 by the Earl of Mar and his force against 
 the plundering Donald of the Isles with an army of 10,000 men. " But 
 the earliest edition [of the ballad] that can be traced was published by 
 Ramsay : and all the ancient poetry which passed through his hands was 
 exposed to the most unwarrantable alterations . • The poem consists of 
 248 lines . . is a dry and circumstantial narrative, with little or no em- 
 
 * See the Dance Tune — TJie Battel of Sarloe in the British Museum Addit. 
 MS. 10,444, leaf 4 bk. No. 8. 
 
"TJie Complaynt-of-Scotland" sweet Songs. civ 
 
 bellisbment, and can only be considered as valuable in tbe belief of its 
 being ancient. Of the author's historical vein a sufficient estimate may 
 be formed from the subsequent" stanza : 
 
 Gude Sir Alexander Irving, 
 
 The much renownit laird of Drum, 
 Nane in his days was bettir sene, 
 
 Quhcn they war semblit, all and sum ; 
 
 To praise him we sould not be dumm, 
 For valour, witt, and worthyness. 
 
 To end his days he ther did cum, 
 Quhois ransom is remeidyless." 
 
 Irving' s Sist. of Scottish Poetry, p. 162-3. 
 
 A copy of this ballad dated 1668 was in the collection of Mr. Eobert 
 Mylne, the Collector. The baUad is printed in Allan Eamsay's Evergreen 
 1724, and Laing's Early Metrical Tales, 1826, {Hazlitt's Sandbook, p. 32, 
 col. 2.) in " Two old Historical Scots Poems giving an account of the 
 Battles of Harlaw and the Eeid-Squair," Glasgow 1748, &c &c. 
 
 From MotlienvelV s Minstrelsy Ancient and Modern (Glasgow 1827) p. Ixii 
 note, Mr. Murray sends me the following: "The Battle of Hairlaw. — 
 Antiquaries have differed in opinion regarding the age of this composi- 
 tion ; but the best informed have agreed in looking upon it as of coeval 
 production, or nearly so, with the historical event on which it is founded ; 
 and in this opinion the present writer entirely coincides. No edition 
 prior to Eamsay's time has been preserved, though it was printed in 1668 
 as we are informed by Mr. Laing in his Early Metrical Tales, an edition 
 of that date having been in the curious library of old Eobert Mylne. In 
 the Complaynt of Scotland 1549, this ballad is mentioned. In the Polemo 
 Middinia, its tune is referred to 
 
 Interea ante alios dux piperlarius heros, 
 Prsecedens magnamque gerens cimi burdine pypam, 
 Incipit Harlai cunctis sonare Batellum. 
 
 And in a MS. collection of tunes, written in the hand of Sir "William 
 Mure of Eowallan, which I have seen, occurs, "the battle of harlaw." 
 From the extreme popularity of the Song, it is not to be wondered at 
 though every early imprint of it has now disappeared. (! ! !) Eamsay 
 probably gave his copy from a stall edition of his own day, which copy 
 has successively been edited by Mr. Sibbald, Mr. Finlay, and Mr. Laing, 
 and has appeared in other collections. A copy apparently taken for 
 recitation is given in "The Thistle of Scotland, Aberdeen, 1823," — the 
 editor of which among a good deal of stuff which is not very comprehen- 
 sible, points out various localities, and gives 3 stanzas of a burlesque song 
 on the same subject popular in the north."] 
 
 (75) Tbe hunttis of clieuet, 
 
 [This is the older and far finer version of the well-known ballad of 
 Chevy-Chase. A noble ballad it is, this Himting of the Cheviot, — no doubt 
 that which stirred the heart of Sidney more than a trumpet, — though 
 it's not known nearly so well as its poorer modernization, Chevy -Chase. 
 The only copy we have of it is in the Ashmole MS. 48, leaves 15-18. 
 Hearne first printed it in his Preface to the History of Gulielmus Neu- 
 brigensis, p. Ixxxii. Percy made it the first ballad in his Rcliques, and 
 it has been reprinted in Prof. Child's Ballads, vii. 29, &c, &c. The Eychard 
 Sheale, whoso name is at the end of the ballad, was a well-known minstrel 
 and writer of doggrel, and made either this copy or the one from which it 
 was taken. Copiers in old times often signed their names to the works 
 
clvi " The Complaynt-of-Scotland " sweet Songs. 
 
 they copied. The fight of which the ballad tells, is not known to History, 
 except in so far as it's mixt up with the battle of Otterboume fought in 
 1388. 
 
 Of the modern version of the ballad, Chevy Chase, the copies and varia- 
 tions are many. Perhaps the oldest copy is in the Percy Folio Ballads and 
 Romances, ii. 7-16. That in 'the Scotch edition printed at Glasgow 8vo. 
 1747, is remarkable,' says Bp. Percy, 'for the wilful Corruptions made 
 in all the Passages which concern the two nations.' 
 
 See Maidment's Scotish Ballads, 1868, i. 81; Dr. Eimbault's Musical 
 Illustrations to Percy's Reliques, p. 1 ; Chappell's Popular Music, &c., &c.] 
 
 (76) Sal i go vitht zou to ruinbelo fayr ? 
 
 [No such place as Eumbelo or Eumbeloch is known, sayh Mr. Murray 
 though the word rumhelow has been common in ballad-burdens from early 
 times. Take this, on the battle of Bannockburn, 1314, preserved by the 
 English chronicler Fabyan : 
 
 Maydins of England, sore may ye morne 
 
 For your lemmans ye haue loste at Bannockysborne, 
 
 Wyth heue a lowe. 
 What wenyt the kynge of England 
 So soone to have wonne Scotlande, 
 
 Wylh rumbylow ?'\ 
 
 (77) Greuit is my sorrou. 
 
 [GodUfied in the Godlie Ballates, p. 132. The poem is English; 
 lament of a sad lady whom her lover's unkindness slays. 
 
 The 
 
 SloaneMS. 1584, leaf 8o.» 
 
 (1) 
 
 Greuus ys my sorowe 
 
 Both evyne and- moro ! 
 
 Vnto my selffe a-lone 
 
 Thus do I make my mowne, 4 
 
 That Vnkyndnes haith kyllyd me, 
 
 And putt me to this peyne. 
 
 Alas ! what Eemedy ? 
 
 That I cannot refreyne. 8 
 
 (2) 
 
 Whan other me;z doyth sleype, 
 
 Thene do I syght and weype ; 
 
 AUe Ragius in my bed. 
 
 As one for paynes neyre ded, 12 
 
 That vnkyndnes haue kyllyd me, 
 
 And putt me to this payne. 
 
 Alas ! what remedy ? 
 
 That I cannott refreyne. 16 
 
 (3) 
 
 My harte, ytt haue no Reste, 
 
 but stylle we'tA peynes oppreste ; 
 
 And yett of alb my Smart, 
 
 Yit grevith moste my harte 20 
 
 That vnkyndnes shuld kylle me, 
 
 and putt me to this payne. 
 
 Alas ! what Remedy ? [If. 85 M.] 
 
 That I cannott refreyne. 24 
 
 (4) 
 
 Wo worth^ trust vntrusty ! 
 
 Wo worth love vn-lovyd ! 
 
 Wo worth hape vn-blamyd ! 
 
 Wo worth favtt vn-namyd, 28 
 
 Thus vnkyndly to kyll me. 
 
 And putt me to this payne ! 
 
 Now alas ! what Remedy ? 
 
 That I cannott refrayne. 32 
 
 * Printed also by Ritson, in his Ancient Songs, 1790, p. 93 ; and in the 
 Reliqui(B Antiqu(B, 1841, i. 70. 
 
 " Every final d has a curl to it ; and nearly every final n and h have a stroke 
 over them. ^ be to. 
 
"The Complaynt-qf-Scotland" sweel Songs. clvii 
 
 (5) 
 
 Alas ! I lyve to longe ; 
 
 my paynes be so stronge ; 
 
 for comfortli haue I none ; 
 
 God wott I wold fayne be gone, 36 
 
 for vnkyndnes haith kyllyd me, 
 
 And putt me to this payne. 
 
 Alas ! what remedy ? 
 
 That I cannott refrayne. 40 
 
 (6) 
 Iflf ony wyght be here 
 That byeth love so dere : 
 come nere ! lye downe by me, 
 And weype for company ! 44 
 
 for vnkyndnes haith kyllyd me, 
 And putt me to this payne. 
 Alas ! what Kemedy ? [leaf 86.] 
 That I cannott refrayne. 48 
 
 (7) 
 My foes whiche love me nott, 
 Be-vayle my deth, I wott ; 
 And he that love me beste, 
 hyme selfe my deth haith dreste. 52 
 What vnkyndnes shuld kyle me. 
 If this ware nott my payne ? 
 Alas ! what remedy ? 
 That I cannott refreyne. 56 
 
 (8) 
 My last wylle here I make, 
 To god my soule I be-take, 
 And my wrechyd body 
 As erth in a hole to lye ; 60 
 
 for vnkyndnes to kyle me. 
 And putt me to this payne. 
 Alas ! what remedy ? 
 That I caimot refreyne. 64 
 
 (10) 
 
 Placebo, dilexi! 
 
 com, weype this obsequye, 
 
 My mowmarew^ dolfully, 
 
 come weype this psalmody 76 
 
 of vnkyndnes haith kyllyd me 
 
 and putt me to this payne. 
 
 be-hold this wrechid body, 79 
 
 that yowr vnkyndnes haith slayne ! 
 
 (11) 
 Now I be- sych alle ye, 
 namely^ that lovers be, 
 my love my deth for-gjrve, 
 and soffer hyme to lyve 84 
 
 Thovght vnkyndnes haith kyllyd 
 
 And putt me to this payne. 
 Yett haid I rether dye 
 for his sake ons agayne. 
 
 88 
 
 (12) 
 My tombe, ytt schalbe blewe. 
 In tokyne that I was trewe 
 To bringe my love frome dovte ; 
 Itt shalbe writtynge abowtte, 92 
 That vnkyndnes haith kyllyd me, 
 and putt me to this payne. 
 be-hold this wrechid body [leaf 87.] 
 That y*"' vnkyndnes haith slayne ! 
 
 (13) 
 O lady, leme by me, 
 Sley nott love wylfully, 
 for fer love waxyth denty, 
 
 vnkyndnes to kyle me, 
 or putt love to this payne. 
 I ware the, better dj^e 
 for loves Sake a-gayne. 
 
 100 
 
 104 
 
 (9) 
 O harte, I the bequyeth 
 To hyme that is my deth 
 Yff that no harte haith he, 
 my harte his schalbe, 68 
 
 Thovght vnkyndnes haith kyllyd j 
 me, ■ 
 
 And putt me to this payne. 
 Yett if my body dye, [If. 86 bL] 
 my hertt cannot refrayne ! 72 I 
 
 (78) Turne the, sueit ville, to me. 
 
 (14) 
 
 Grevus Is my Soro, 
 
 but deth ys my boro ; 
 
 ffor to my selfe a-lone 
 
 Thus do I make my mone, 108 
 
 That vnkyndnes haith kyllyd me. 
 
 And passyd is my payne. 
 
 prey for this ded body 
 
 <Aaty'"vnkyndnes haith slayne! 112 
 
 ffinis amen. 
 
 (mourners) MS. mowrmarMs. 
 
 2 especially. 
 
clviii " The Complaynt-of-Scotland" sweet Songs. 
 
 (79) My lufe is lyand seik ; 
 
 Send hym ioy, send hym ioy ! 
 
 [I suppose these 2 lines belong to one song.] 
 
 (80) Fayr luf, lent thou me thy mantil ? ioy ! 
 
 [The original song is probably lost, but a ludicrous parody, in which the 
 chorus is preserved, is well known in the South of Scotland. It begins, 
 
 Our guidman's away to the Mers 
 
 Wi' the mantle, jo ! wi' the mantle jo ! 
 Wi' his breiks on his heid, and his bonnet on his ers, 
 
 Wi' the merry merry mantle o' the green, jo ! 
 
 Leyden, p. 279.] 
 
 (81) The perssee & the mongumrye met. 
 
 [This is line 117 of the modernized Scotch version of the ballad of 
 " The Battle of Otterbourne," printed in Minstrelsy of the Scottish Border, 
 i. 354, and Prof. Child's Ballads, vii. 19, &c. : — 
 
 The Percy and Montgomery met, 
 
 That either of other were fain ; 
 They swapped swords, and they twa swat, 
 
 And aye the blood ran down between.' 
 
 The two verses before it have a suspiciously modern twang, and this 
 verse seems to me a modern cooking of the earlier verse about Percy and 
 Douglas : 
 
 English version. Scotch version. 
 
 The Percy and the Douglas mette. 
 That ether of other was fayne ; 
 
 They schapped together, whyll 
 that the swette, 
 With swords of fyne collayne. 
 
 When Percy wi' the Douglas met, 
 
 I wat he was fu' fain ; 
 They swakked their swords, till sair 
 they swat. 
 
 And the blood ran down like rain. 
 
 But it may be one of the genuine repetitions that the old ballad writers 
 often indulged in. 
 
 The oldest copy of the ballad that we have is that of the English version, 
 in a MS. of about 1550 a.d., Cotton, Cleopatra C iv, leaf 64, and was 
 printed by Percy in the fourth edition of his Reliques, instead of the later 
 and less perfect copy that he had given in his earlier editions from the 
 Harleian MS. 293, leaf 52. The English version says nothing of Sir 
 Hugh Montgomery killing Percy, but only 
 
 Then was ther a Scottyshe prisoner tayne, 
 
 Sir Hugh Mongomery was hys name. (1. 161-2.) 
 
 See the treatise by Mr. Robert White of Newcastle, on the Battle of 
 Otterbourne, with appendix and illustrations, London, 1857, and his ad- 
 vertised ' History ' of the battle.] 
 
 ' In the difFering and short version in Herd's Scottish Songs, i. 154 (ed. 1869), 
 and Child's Ballads, vii. 177-180, where Douglas is kiUed by a little boy with 
 a little penknife, the verse above rims thus 
 
 Then Percy and Montgomery met. 
 
 And weel a wat they war na fain : 
 They swapped swords, and they twa swat, 
 
 And ay the blood ran down between. (lines 33-6.) 
 
" The Complaynt -of- Scotland" sweet Songs. clix 
 
 (82) That day, that day, that gentil day. 
 
 [In the Brit. Mus. Additional MS. 5465, leaf 108 back, is the following 
 pretty song to which an authority in such matters has referred me as the 
 same as ' That day, that day, that gentil day ' in the Gomx>laynt list ; but 
 the two are evidently different. The present song is perhaps in praise 
 of the White Rose of Lancaster which, (for Edward IV) Adam of Cobsam 
 praised in The Wright's Chaste Wife, p. iv, p. 20. 
 
 This day day dawes, 
 this gentill day^ dawes, 
 this gentill day dawes, 
 & I must home gone. 
 
 *In a gloriws garden grene, 
 sawe I syttyng a comly queue, 
 a-mong J>* flouris )j«t fresh byn. 
 She gaderd a iloure, and sett be-twene. 
 J)^ lyly white rose me thoujt I sawe, 
 & euer she sang 
 
 this day day dawes, 
 
 this gentill day dawes, vt supra. 
 
 In that garden be floioris of hew, 
 the gelofir gent \>ai she well knewe, 
 the fioure de luce she did on rewe, 
 & said ' the whijt rose is most trewe, 
 this garden to rule be ryjtwis lawe.' 
 the lyly whyjte rose me thought I sawe, 
 & euer She sang 
 
 this daj' day dawes, 
 
 this gentill day dawes, vt supra. 
 
 The notion that Prof. Child seems to have started {Ballads vii. 34, 
 note), and that Mr. Hales sanctions {Fcrcy Fol. Bal. ^- Horn. ii. 2), that the 
 'That day, that day, that gentill day' of the Cumplaynt, is a misquota- 
 tion of " That day, that day, that dredfull day!" 1. 99 of The Hunting of 
 the Cheviot, and therefore means that Ballad, I cannot away with. For, 
 1. the Complaynt has already put The Hunttis of Cheuet in its list of " sueit 
 sangis," eight above "That day, that day, that gentil [or dredfull] day," 
 and would not, of course, repeat it : 2. Why should we suppose the care- 
 ful writer of the Complaynt to have put "gentil" for "dredfull," and 
 thus made a double fool of himself, when the natural supposition that 
 the ballad — like so many others in the list — has not come down to us, 
 removes all difficulty ? It is true that Dauney [Ancient Scotish Melodies, 
 Edinburgh, 1838, p. 53) runs the two lines together as part of one song 
 ' or ballad. 
 
 The Persee & the Mongumrye met 
 That day, that day, that gentil day ; 
 
 but if he is right, this must be a new ballad, and all prior critics have 
 been wrong in identifying the first line with the Battle of Oterbourne 
 ballad. Till the discovery of the new ballad, most of us will hold on to 
 the old one, especially since ' That day' has 4 accents, as if it were a first 
 line ; though 4 accents often occur in second lines.] 
 
 MS. day day. ' I take the words at the foot of the page. 
 
clx " The Complaynt-of-Scotland " Sonffs and Dances. 
 
 (83) My luf is laid apon ane knycht. 
 
 (84) Allaee, that samyn sueit face ! 
 [Godlified in the Godlie Ballates, p. 56.] 
 
 (85) In ane myrtlitful morou. 
 
 (86) My hart is leiuit [= left] on the lawd. 
 
 ^ Thir scheiphirdis ande there vyuis sang mony vthir melodies 
 sangis, the quhilkis i hef nocht in memorie. than eftir this sueit 
 celest armonye, tha began to dance in ane ring, euyrie aid seheip- 
 hyrd led his vyfe be the hand, and euyrie zong seheiphird led 
 hyr quhome he luffit best. Ther vas viij scheiphyrdis, and ilk 
 ane of them hed ane syndry instrament to play to the laif. the 
 fyrst hed ane drone bag pipe, the nyxt hed ane pipe maid of ane 
 bleddir and of ane reid, the thrid playit on ane trump, the feyrd on 
 ane corne pipe, the fyft playit on ane pipe maid of ane gait home, 
 the sext playt on ane recordar^, the seuint plait on ane fiddil, and 
 the last plait on ane quliissil. kyng amphion that playit sa sueit 
 on his harpe quhen he kepit his scheip, nor zit appollo the god of 
 sapiens, that kepit kyng admetus scheip, vitht his sueit menstra- 
 lye, none of thir tua playit mayr cureouslye nor did thir viij 
 scheiphyrdis befor rehersit ; nor zit al the scheiphirdis that virgil 
 makkis mention in his bucolikis, thai culd nocht be comparit to 
 thir foir said scheiphyrdis ; nor orpheus that playit sa sueit quhe 
 he soeht his vyf in hel, his playing prefFerrit nocht thir foir said 
 scheiphirdis ; nor zit the scheiphyrd pan, that playt to the goddis 
 on his bag pype, nor mercurius that playit on ane.sey reid, none of 
 them culd preffer thir foirsaid scheiphirdis. i beheld neuyr ane mair 
 delectabil recreatiowe. for fyrst thai bega?i vitht tua bekkis and vitht 
 a kysse, euripides, iuuenal, perseus, horasse, nor nane of the satiric 
 poiettis, quhilkis mouit ther bodeis as thai hed bene dansand quhen 
 thai pronuncit ther tragiedeis, none of them kepit moir geomatrial 
 mesure nor thir scheiphyrdis did in ther dansing. Nor ludius, that 
 vas the fyrst dansar of rome, culd nocht hef bene comparit to thir 
 scheiphirdis. it vas ane celest recreatio^^ to behald ther lycht lopene, 
 galmouding^, stendling^ bakuart & forduart dansand base dansis*, 
 
 ' See p. 9 (note 7). ^ gambolling. ^ striding. 
 
 * [Douce, B. 507. (Bodl. Libr.)] 
 
 The introductory to wryte and to pronounce Frenche compyled by 
 Alexander Barcley. Lond. 1521, 4°. 
 
 [leaf 16.] IF Here foloweth the manor of dauncynge of bace dauwces after 
 the vse of fraunce & other places translated out of frenche in englysshe 
 by Eobert coplande. 
 
 FOr to daunce ony bace daunce there behoueth .iiii. paces / thai is to wite 
 sy«gle / double : repryse / & braule. And ye ought fyrst to make reue- 
 rence towarde the lady / & than make .ii. syngles .i. double / a reprj'se / & a 
 
" The Complaynt-of-Scotland" Dances and Tunes, clxi 
 
 braule. And this rule ye ought alway to kepe at the heginnynge / as it is 
 sayd. And somtjone is made .ii. syngles after the doubles / & before the 
 reprinses / & that is done whan the measures ben parfite. Also wh&n ony 
 songe or daunce is wrj^en. E.. betokeneth reuerewce. By .ss. double betokeneth 
 .ii. syngle paces / & by .d. betokeneth .i. double pace. And yf there be .ddd. 
 ye ought to make iii. doubles after as the dauwce requyreth / for somtyme is 
 made but .i. double / & somtime iii. or .v. one after another / and therfore is 
 ddddd. thus wryten. And whan .5. is wrytew it betokeneth / repryse. & yf 
 .353. be wryteH it signyfieth .iii. repryses / & .53533. betokeneth fine. For 
 ye ought neuer to make .ii. nor .iiii togyder / nor of the doubles also / for the 
 doubles & the repryses ben euer odde in nowbre. IT Also all bace dauwces 
 begyn by syngles or reuerence / and ende with braule. H Also it behoueth to 
 knows the nowbre of notes of euery bace dauwce / & the paces after the 
 r»l f 1(56 1 '^sasure *of the notes. Therfore ye ought to wyte that fyrst ye 
 '- ** ■-' ought to make reuerence w«tA the lyfte fote / & than a braide 
 witA the right fote / than two syngle paces / the fyrst -with the lyffce fote and 
 the seconde with the ryght fote in goynge forwarde / & ye must reyse your 
 body. 
 
 % The fyrst double pace is made -with the lyffc fote in reysynge the body 
 steppynge .iii. pace forwarde lyghtly / the fyrst -with the lyfte fote / the seconde 
 wttA the ryght fote / & the thyrde wt'tA the lyft fote / as the fyrst. 
 
 IT The seconde double pace begynneth with the ryght fote goynge thre paces 
 forwarde as is sayd of the fyrst in reysynge the body. &c. 
 
 II The thyrd double pace is done as the first. 
 
 IF It is to note that there be neuer .ii. double paces togyder / for the doubles 
 & repryses be euer odde in nombre .i. ui. or v. &c. 
 
 IT A repryse alone ought to me made with the ryght fote in drawynge the 
 ryght fote bakwarde a lytyll to the other fote. 
 
 IT The seconde repryse ought to be made (whan ye make .iii. at ones) with 
 the lyft fote in reysynge the body in lyke wyse. 
 
 H The thj^rde repryse is made in place and as the fyrst also. 
 
 IT And merke for all that is sayd that euery of these paces occupyeth as 
 moche tyme the one as the other. That is to wyte. a reuerewce / one note, a 
 double / one note, two sywgles one note, a repryse / one note, a braule / one 
 note. 
 
 IT And ye ought to wyte that in some places of fraunce they call the repryses / 
 desmarches and the braule they call / conge, in englysshe leue. 
 
 H This done / ye ought to put in wrytynge for a repryse thus .5. & for thre 
 reprises thus 533 / and for the braule thus .b. 
 
 IT Bace daunces. 
 
 IT Filles a marier / with .iiii. measures. 
 
 R. b. ss. ddd. 335. b. ) tt ^* 
 ss. d. 333. b. "" 1 Unparfyte. 
 
 Bs. ddd. ss. 553. b. \ pa_f^g 
 
 SB. d. ss. 553. b. ] ^^*y*^- 
 
 IT Le petit rouen / with .iiii. measm-efj, 
 R. b. ss. ddddd. ss. 533. b. 
 ss. d. ss. 355. b. Parfvtfl 
 
 ss. ddddd. ss. 533. b. ^^^^^^ 
 BS. ddd. ss. 333. b. 
 
 II Amours, with two measures. 
 
 R. b. ss. d. ss. 333. b. \ p. . .. 
 BS. ddd. ss. 533. b. 1 i'arfyte. 
 
 m 
 
clxii " The Complaynt-oj -Scotland " Dances and Tunes. 
 
 pauuans^, galzardis^, turdions^, braulis* and branglis, buffons^, vitht 
 raony vtbir lycbt dawcis, the quhilk ar ouer prolixt to be rebersit. 
 
 f La gorriere / tlire measm-es. 
 
 E. b. ss. ddd. xx^. b. tt ..f i 
 88.d.3.b. "^ Unpaxfyte. 
 
 ss. ddd. 335. b. 
 
 IT La allemande. thre measures. 
 
 E. b. ss. ddd. ss. 553. b. \ pa_f^. 
 ss. d. ss. 3. b. 1 l-artyte. 
 
 ss. ddd. 3. b. Unparfyte. 
 
 IT La brette / foure measures. 
 K. b. ss. d. ss. 3. b. 
 
 ss:dki-5:b. Halfparfyte. 
 
 ss. d. ss. 3. b. 
 
 U La royne / foure measures. 
 E. b. ss. ddd. 3. b. 
 BS. d. 5. b. Unparfyte. 
 
 Bs. ddd. 3. b. 
 SS. d. ss. 3. b. Parfyte. 
 
 f These daimces haue I set at the ende of tbis boke to tbentent that euery 
 lerner of the sayd boke after theyr dylygent study may reioyce somwhat thejrr 
 spyrytes honestly in eschewynge of ydlenesse the portresse of vyces. 
 
 U Imprynted at London in the Fletestrete at the sygne of the rose Garlande 
 by Eobert coplande. the yere of our lorde. M. CCCCC. xxi. the xxii. day of 
 Marche. 
 
 END. 
 
 * Puttenham speaks of ' Songs . . such as might be sung with voice . . or 
 danced by measures, as the Italian pavan and galliard are at these daies [15 ] 
 in Princes' courts, and the places of honourable or civil assembly' {Art of 
 Foesie, p. 27, Haslewood's reprint). Favana, according to Italian writers, was 
 derived from Paduana, — and not from Pavo a peacock.' Pop. Mtis. ii, 772. 
 " Morley says ' The pavan for grave dancing : galUards, which usually follow 
 pavans, they are for a lighter and more stirring kind of dancing.' . . Baker, 
 in his Pnnciples of Mustek, 1636, * says ' Of this sort (the Ionic mood) are 
 pavans, invented for a slow and soft kind of dancing, altogether in duple pro- 
 portion [common time]. Unto which are framed gaUiards for more quick and 
 nimble motion, always in triple proportion: and therefore the triple is oft 
 called galliard time, and the duple, pavan time. In this kind is also com- 
 prehended the infinite multitude of Ballads, set to sundiy pleasant and de- 
 lightful tunes by cunning and witty composers, with country dances fitted unto 
 them, . . . and which surely might and would be more freely permitted by 
 our sages, were they used, as they ought [to be], only for health and recreation.' 
 [p. 8] At this time Puritanism was nearly at its height." Pop. Mus. i. 157. 
 
 2 The Galliard is the only one of these dances mentioned in a late English 
 list of '■^ Nine sorts of common Dances always used : Salingers I'ound, Bobbin-jo, 
 Jingle-de-cut, Bodkings Galliard, the madmans Morris, Drunken Barnaby, 
 the Bedfull of bones, room for Cuckolds, and the Lankishire hornpipe. " The 
 Figure of Nine. Printed for J. Beacon and 0. Dennison. ? temp. Charles II. 
 The galliard was not introduced into England till about 1541 a.d. It is 
 
" The Complaynt -of- Scotland" Dances and Tunes, clxiii 
 
 zit nochtheles i sal rehers sa mony as my ingyne can put in 
 memorie. in the fyrst, thai dancit, 
 
 (87) Al eristyn mennis dance. 
 
 (88) The northt of Scotland. 
 
 (89) Huntis vp. 
 
 [Tliis is a lively English tune well fitted for dancing, printed in Mr. 
 Chappell's Popular Music, i. 60, with much infoiination about the tune 
 and the various words to it. The reader will find a reprint of the first 
 mention of the tune in my Ballads from Manuscripts for the Society, 
 vol. i, p. 310. This was "in 1537 when information was sent to the 
 Council against one John Hogon, who had ofiended against the procla- 
 mation of 1533, which was issued to suppress ' fond books, ballads, rhimes, 
 and other lewd treatises in the English tongue,' by singing ' with a crowd 
 or a fyddyll' a political song to that tune." {Fop. Mus. i. 60.) 
 
 Of WiUiam Gray — "one Gray, what good estimation did he grow vnto 
 with the same king Henry [VIII], and afterward with the Duke of 
 Sommerset, Protectour, for making certaine merry Ballades, whereof one 
 chiefly was The hunte it [= ts] vp, the hunte is vp" — the reader will find 
 some Birthday Verses to Somerset in my said Ballads, p. 311. Religious 
 parodies of The Hunt is up are printed at the end of Mr. Halliwell's edition 
 of the moral play of Wit and Science, from the Addit. MS. Brit. Mus. 
 15,233, and in the Godlie Ballates, p. 153, ed. D. Laing, 1868: "With 
 huntis vp, with huntis vp." Any song intended to arouse in the morning, 
 even a love-song, was formerly called a hunfs-up. Chappell.'\ 
 
 (90) The comout entray. 
 
 (91) Lang plat fut of gariau. 
 
 (92) Eobene hude. 
 
 [Captain Cox XXII, p. li. ? Does the translator of the Roman de la 
 Eose refer to this dance : 
 
 But haddest thou knowen hym befome, 
 Thow woldest on a booke have swome, 
 Whan thou hym saugh in thylke araye^ 
 That he, that whylome was so gaye, 
 
 mentioned in the ballad of John de Eeeve, in the Percy Folio Bal. ^ Rom. 
 ii. 579, 1. 529. Cotgrave has ' Galop gaillard. The Gallop Galliard ; or a 
 PasBasalto ; or, one pace and a leap ;' and ' Balladinerie : f. High, or lively 
 dancing, as of Galliards, Corantoes, or Jigges.' 
 
 3 Tourdion the daunce tearmed a Round. Cotgrave. 
 
 * Webbe mentions braids, as well others of the Com2}laynt dances : " neithei 
 is there anie tune or stroke which may be sung or plaide on instruments, 
 which hath not some poetical ditties framed according to the numbers thereof : 
 some to Rogero, some to Trenchmore, to downe right Sqxxire, to Galliardes, to 
 Pauines, to lygges, to Brawles, to all manner of tunes which euerie Fidler 
 Imowes better then my selfe." 1586. W. Webbe. A Discourse of English 
 Foetrie, p. 61, ed. 1870. 
 
 5 Dancer les Buffons. To daunce a morris. Buffon : m. A buffoon, ieaster 
 sycophant, merrie fool, sportfull companion ; one that liues by making others 
 merrie. Cotgrave. 
 
 m 2 
 
clxiv " The Complaynt-of -Scotland " Dances and Tunes. 
 
 And of the daunee Jolly Bobyn^, 
 Was tho become a Jacobyn. 
 
 Momatmt of the Rose (? Chaucer s) 1. 7455. 
 
 Cotgrave has * Chanson de Mobin, a merrie and extemporall song, or 
 fashion of singing, whereto one is ever adding somewhat, or may at 
 pleasure adde what he list. . .' 
 
 In 1550, Eobert Crowley, in his Voyce of the last Trwmpet (sign. B. ii.), 
 says to ' the lewde or vnlerned priest,' 
 
 Geue oiier all thy tippillyng, 
 
 Thy taueme gate, and table playe, 
 Thy cardes, thy dice, and wyne bibyng, 
 
 And leame to walke a sobre waye. . . 
 
 But if thou canste do any good, 
 
 In teachyng of an A. B. 0. 
 A primar, or else Rohynhode : 
 
 Let that be good pastyme for the. 
 
 The old puritan printer and preacher was not, then, a condemner of 
 ballads.] 
 
 (93) Thorn of lyn. 
 
 [Leyden quotes at p. 274, a verse from Forbes's Aberdeen Cantus : — 
 
 The pypers drone was out of tune, 
 
 Sing Young Thomlin, 
 Be merry, be merry, and twise so merrie. 
 
 With the light of the moon. 
 
 I suppose this to be the English ballad licensed later to Mr. John Wallye 
 and Mr. Toye in 1557-8, Stationers' Register A, leaf 22, (Collier's Stat. 
 Reg. i. 4), and quoted by Moros in Wager's Interlude above, p. cxxvii.] 
 
 (94) Freris al. 
 
 (95) Ennyrnes [= Inverness, Grael. lonar niii\, 
 
 (96) The loch of slene [= Slyne]. 
 
 (97) The gosseps dance. 
 
 (98) Leuis grene. 
 [see No. (51), p. cl.] 
 
 (99) Makky. 
 
 (100) The speyde. 
 
 (101) The flail. 
 
 (102) The lammes vynde. 
 
 (103) Soutra. 
 
 [Soutra or Soultra ed^e forms the watershed between the Forth and 
 the Tweed ; and Soutra is a small hamlet on the ridge, on the highroad 
 from Edinburgh to Lauder. Soutra, separates the South countrie from 
 Lothian. — J. A. H. Murray.] 
 
 1 The French original is 
 
 Que oil qui devant soloit estre 
 He la dance li biaus Robins. 
 
" The Complaynt-of -Scotland" Dances and Tunes, clxv 
 
 (104) Cum kyttil me naykyt vantounly. 
 
 (105) Schayke leg fut befor gossfep. 
 
 (106) Eank at the rute. 
 
 (107) Baglap and al. 
 
 (108) Ihonne ermistrangis dance. 
 
 [The earliest ballad that we have on Johnny Armstrong is an English 
 one, but Mr. Wm. Chappell has not yet found the tune of it. The words 
 are in Wit restored, 1658, and in Wit and Drollery, Jovial Foems, 1682, 
 called " A Northern Ballet," beginning : 
 
 ' There dwelt a man in fair Westmoreland, 
 Johnny Armstrong men did him call ; 
 He had neither lands nor rents coming in, 
 Yet he kept eight score men in his hall.' 
 
 Popular Music, i. 260, note. 
 
 Another English ballad about this hero is entitled " Johnny Armstrong's 
 last Good-night ; shewing how John Armstrong with his eight-score 
 men fought a bloody battle with the Scotch king at Edenborough, To a 
 pretty Northern Tuve" A copj' is in the Bagford Collection (643, m. 10, 
 p. 94) printed by and for W. 0[nley] : also in Old Ballads, 1727, i. 170, 
 and in Evans's Old Ballads, 1810, iii. 101.' Pop. Mus. ii. 776. 
 
 But the Cnmplaynt dance must have been one named in honour of the 
 great Border plunderer Johnie Armstrong of Gilnockie, who was hung^ 
 by James V. soon after that king attained his majority in 1524, and 
 about whom Allan Eamsay published a ballad in his Evergreen, which he 
 says he took down from the recitation of a gentleman of the name of 
 Armstrong, who was the sixth in descent from the hero. It was printed 
 too in the ' Minstrelsy of the Scottish Border,' in R. Chambers's Scottish 
 Ballads, p. 35, &c., &c. How much of the ballad is Ramsay's writing, 
 no one knows. ' Jock o' the Syde was another Armstrong, and there's a 
 third Johnie Armstrong in ' Dick o' the Cow :' see the Ballads in Cham- 
 bers, p. 40, 46. 
 
 In R. Chambers's Scottish Songs, ii. 528, is also an ' Armstrong's Good- 
 night' cookt up from two bits of four lines each found by Bums. He, 
 being a poet, left the bits as he found them. When will his countrymen 
 learn to foUow his example, and keep their meddling fingers off their old 
 singers' remains ?] 
 
 (109) The alman haye. 
 
 [The Almayne or German haye. The Hay was a country-dance, of 
 which the reel was a variety. " In Sir John Davies's Orchestra, ' He taught 
 ■ them rounds and ivinding heys to tread.' (In the margin he explains 
 * rounds and winding-heys' to be country dances.) In The Dancing Master 
 the hey is one of the figures of most frequent occurrence. In one 
 country-dance, ' the women stand still, the men going the hey between 
 them.' This is evidently winding in and out. In another, two men 
 
 » See, in Lyndesay's Satyre (ed. E. E. T. Soc.) p. 454, 1. 2092-4 
 
 Heir is ane coird baith great and lang — 
 Quhilk hangit Johne the Armistrang — 
 Of gude hemp, soft and sound. 
 
 Mr. Murray says that ' Johne the ' is an error for ' Johnye.' 
 
clxvi '* The Complaynt-of-Scotland" Dances and Tunes. 
 
 and one woman dance the hey — like a reel. In a third, three men dance 
 this hey, and three women at the same time — like a double reel. In 
 Bargason, where many stand in one long line, the direction is 'the 
 single hey, all handing as you pass, tiU you come to your places.' 
 When the hand was given in passing, it was always so directed ; but 
 the hey was more frequently danced without ' handing.' In ' the square 
 dance,' the two opposite couples dance the single hey twice to their 
 places, the woman standing before her partner at starting. When danced 
 by many in a circle, if hands were given, it was like the ' grande chaine ' 
 of a quadrille." Fop. Mus. ii. 629.] 
 
 (110) The bace of voragon. 
 
 (111) Dangeir. 
 
 (112) The beye. 
 
 (113) The dede dawee. 
 
 [Not known, I believe, in Scotland; but it is, no doubt, either the 
 tune referred to in HatvMns (see below) or ' The Doleful Dance and 
 Song of Death,' of which the tune, and a late BaUad, are printed by Mr. 
 Chappell in his Popular Music, i. 85. The tune is also called ' The Shak- 
 ing of the Sheet,' and ' is frequently mentioned by writers in the 16th and 
 17th centuries, both as a country dance and as a ballad tune.' In the 
 recently-discovered play of Misogonus, produced about 1560, The Shaking 
 of the Sheets, The Vicar of St. Fools, and the Catching of Quails, are men- 
 tioned as coimtry dances. . . The tune is also mentioned in Lilly's Fappe 
 with a Hatchet, 1589 ; in Gosson's Schoole of Abuse, 1579 ; by Rowley, 
 Middleton, Taylor the water-poet, Marston, Massinger, Heywood, Dekker, 
 Shirley, &c., &:c. ' There are two tunes \mder this name, the one in 
 William Ballet's Lute-Book, which is the same as [that] printed by Sir 
 John Hawkins in his Sistort/ of Music (vol. ii. p. 934, 8vo edit.); the 
 other, and in aU probability the more popular one, is contained in nume- 
 rous publications from The Dancing Master of 1650-51, to the Vocal En- 
 chantress of 1783.' Pop. Mus. i. 84.] 
 
 (114) The dance of kylrynne. 
 
 (115) The vod and the val. 
 
 (116) Schaikatrot. 
 
 Than, quhen this dansing vas dune, tha departit and past to 
 cal there scheip to ther scheip cottis. thai bleu vp there bagpipis. 
 than the bel veddir for blythtnes bleyttit rycbt fast, and the 
 rammis raschit there heydis to gyddir. than the laif of ther fat 
 flokkis foUouit on the fellis, baytht zouis and lammis, kebbis^, and 
 dailis^, gylmyrs^ and dilmondis*, and mony herueist hog^. than i 
 departit fra that companye. 
 
 ^ ewes, the lambs of which have died soon after being produced. 
 
 2 ewes which miss conceiving and are fattened for eating. 
 
 3 ewes two years old. 
 
 ■* wethers more than twelve months old. 
 
 * hog, a young sheep before it has lost its first fleece, termed harvest-hog 
 from being smeared at the end of harvest, when it ceases to be called a lamb. 
 Leyden. 
 
Ballads in Old Scotland. clrvii 
 
 The list of Songs iu the Complaynt is so much longer than that 
 in Lanehmn's Letter that some readers might suspect that Scot- 
 land was far richer in ballads and songs^ in the 17th century, 
 than England ; but a perusal of Mr. Wm. Chappell's Popular 
 Music will soon cure them of this opinion. Pre-Reformation 
 Scotland was, no doubt, as prolific of songs and ballads — relatively 
 to its population — as England. Andrew Boorde says that the 
 Scotchmen (of about 1540 a.d.) " be hardy men, and well fauored, 
 and stronge men, S{ good musycyons ; in these iiii. qualytes they 
 be moost lyke, aboue all other nacions, to an Englysbe man." 
 {Introduction, p. 137, ed. E. J. E. 1870.) The ballads of one 
 country were sung in the other : at least 7 of the Scotch list are 
 English ballads : two of Captain Cox's are possibly Scotch, or at 
 least Northern. Compare, too, in the extract that Dauney gives, 
 in his Ancient Scofish Melodies, from the accounts of the Lords 
 High Treasurers, 
 
 1489, Jul. 10. Item, to Inglis pyparis that cum to the castel 
 
 yet, and play it to the king, viij. li.^ viij s. 
 1491, Aug. 21. Item to iiij. Inglis pyparis, viij. unicorns, vij. li. 
 
 iiij. s. 
 
 1503, Aug. 13. Item to viij Inglis menstrales, be the kingis 
 command, xl. french crownis, xxviij. 1. 
 
 Item, to the trumpetis of Ingland, xxviij. 1. 
 
 Item, to the Erie of Oxfordis tua menstrales, xxviij. 1. 
 
 1504. Item, to tua Inglise wemen that sang in the Kingis 
 pailzeoune, xxiij. s. 
 
 But after the Reformation, the ballad-life was crusht out of 
 Scotland, though it flourisht in England. Knox's followers dis- 
 couraged ballads and music by every means in their power, and 
 procured the passing of a series of Acts, punishing the singers of 
 ballads. Here are a few samples, sent me by Mr. Wm. Chappell, 
 from Chambers's Domestic Annals of Scotland: 
 
 In 1574. " Pipers, fiddlers, and minstrels are unceremoniously 
 classed together as vagabonds, and threatened with severe penalties, 
 should they venture into the city" [of Glasgow] " in contra ven- 
 
 ' AH ballads are songs, because they are meant to be sung ; but all songs 
 are not baUads, because songs proper are not verse narratives meant for the 
 common people, and meant for recitation as much as music, as ballads are, but 
 lyrical expressions of feeling, meant only to be sung. A balade was originally 
 a poem of three stanzas, all having the same burden, followed by an Envoy. 
 
 ^ A Scotch pound was a crown, of 5s. 
 
clxviii Scotch Ballads put-down. " Balow." 
 
 tion of the act." — Chambers's Domestic Annals of Scotland, V. 1, 
 p. 92. 
 
 An. 1574. " At this date he " [the Eegent Morton] " induced 
 the Privy Council to issue an edict that * nane tak upon hand to 
 emprent or sell whatsoever book, ballet, or other work,' without 
 its being examined and licensed, under pain of death, ^ confisca- 
 tion of goods." — {Ditto, p. 94.) 
 
 12 Aug. 1579. " Twa poets of Edinburgh, remarking some of 
 his [the Earl of Morton's] sinistrous dealing, did publish the 
 same to the people, by a famous libel written against him ; & 
 Morton, hearing of this, causit the men to be brought to Stirling, 
 where they were convict for slandering ane of the king's council- 
 lors, & were there baith hangit. The names of the men were 
 William TurnbuU, schoolmaster in Edinburgh, and William Scot, 
 notar. They were baith weel belovit of the common people for 
 their common offices." — {Quoted in ditto, p. 125.) 
 
 " At the fall of Morton, less than two years after, when he was 
 taken prisoner and conducted to Edinburgh Castle, as he passed 
 the Butter Tron, a woman who had her husband put to death at 
 Stirling for a ballad entitled Daff, ^ daw nothing [as much as to 
 say, ' Sport, and be at your ease^'\ sitting down on her bare knees, 
 poured out many imprecations upon him." — {Ditto, same page.) 
 
 Instill 1579.] " The estates passed an act against ' Strang and 
 idle beggars,' and ' sic as make themselves fules, and are hards,^ 
 . . . . ' minstrels, sangsters, and tale tellers, not avowed in special 
 service by some of the lords of parliament or great burghs,' and 
 vagabond scholars of the universities of St. Andrews, Griasgow, and 
 Aberdeen,' " Two poets hanged in August, and an act of Parlia- 
 ment against bards and minstrels in October ; truly, it seems to 
 have been sore times for the tuneful tribe," — {Ditto, p. 131.) 
 
 The Ballad of " Balow." 
 
 While on the subject of English and Scotch Ballads, I take the 
 opportunity of printing the only two known hitherto-unprinted 
 copies of Balow, which Mr. David Laing of Edinburgh has been 
 kind enough to send me from Pinkerton's 4to. MS.^ that now 
 belongs to him. One of these copies, ^Palmer's Baloio,^ is a ver- 
 
 * This is the MS. of which Ritson says in his Seotish Songs, vol. i. p. cix, 
 note (108), "The editor of Select Seotish ballads pretends, that in a quarto 
 manuscript in his possession, ' containing a collection of poems, by different 
 hands, from the reign of queen Elizabeth to the middle of the last [I7th] 
 centiuy, when it was apparently written, there are two balowes, as they are 
 there stiled, the first, The balow, AUon, the second, Falmer's balow.' " 
 
The Ballad of " Balow." clxix 
 
 sion of the genuine old Balow ; the other, ' The Salow : Allane,^ is 
 a poorer and later affair. See Evans's Old Ballads, 1810, * the 
 New Balow.' 
 
 The cause of my asking Mr. Laing for these copies, was this. 
 In the Percy Folio Ballads and Bomances, vol. iii. p. 516-523, we 
 printed for the first time the only three MS. copies of the genuine 
 Balow that had ever been in type in an uncookt state^. In 
 the Introduction to the ballad, p. 518-19, Mr. Wm. Chappell 
 stated that Balow was a 16tli century ballad, not a 17th ; that it 
 was English, not Scotch ; and that Watson in Part III. of his 
 Comic and Serious Scots Poems, Edinburgh, 1713, was the first 
 to claim for Lady Anue Bothwell ' the particular honour of hav- 
 ing been the wench of his version of ' The new Balow; or, a 
 Wenches Lamentation for the loss of her Sweetheart : he having 
 left her a babe to play with, being the fruits of her folly.' Mr. 
 Chappell further showed on the evidence of one of two stanzas 
 added in Watson's Scotch version, and not in any English copy, 
 that it was ridiculous to suppose that this Scotch addition, or the 
 poem in which it was found, referred to Lady Anne Bothwell or 
 any lady of rank. " In the second [stanza] we find the inducement 
 supposed to have been offered by Lady Anne's lover : 
 
 I ^&s, too credulous at the first 
 To grant thee that a maiden durst, 
 
 And in thy bravery thou didst vaunt 
 That I no maintenance should want [!]" 
 
 Out of Watson's own mouth then, Tiis attribution of the Ballad, 
 at any rate, to Lady Anne Bothwell, was shown to be absurd. 
 But this pricking of the Bothwell bubble by Mr. Chappell raised 
 the bile of either Messrs. Ogle of Glasgow, or some shopman of 
 theirs whom they employed to write notes to their new reprint of 
 Watson's Collection in 1868 ; and in a very impertinent tone the 
 'said shopman attackt Mr. Chappell and his argument. The man 
 seems to have felt acutely that Scotland's honour had been 
 wounded by a little truth ; 'yet he knew so little of his subject as 
 to suppose Evans's Collection of Old Ballads, printed in 1811, of 
 equal date and authority with the originals in the Roxburghe 
 Collection.' It is needless to say that he does not move an inch 
 Mr. Chappell's strong point, that the tune of Balow, — which 
 
 * Of the Percy Folio copy, I hold the 5th and 6th stanzas to he clearly 
 later insertions 
 
clxx Two versions of " Balow " from 
 
 implies the words — is in two 16tli century Englisli music-books, 
 and that both tune and words are in two other English music- 
 books of 1649 and 1658, while the words are in Bp. Percy's Folio 
 MS. of, say, 1645-50. Against this, the only Scotch evidence is 
 the report that Mr. Kirkpatrick Sharpe (Walter Scott's contem- 
 porary) said he had heard that the Ballad applied to Lady Anne 
 Bothwell. This rumour is not worth serious notice. The appear- 
 ance of the ballad in Pinkerton's 4to MS. belonging to Mr. Laing, 
 — which he considers, as Pinkerton did, to be of about 1650 — 
 so far from being evidence in favour of the Scotch origin of the 
 ballad, is against it ; for, says Mr. Laing, " There is nothing in 
 the MS to indicate when or where it was written." Had it been 
 written in Scotland, the Scotch mark of dialect at least, if not of 
 handwriting, would have been unmistakeably on the MS. That 
 being absent, we may safely conclude that the MS is English, as 
 the ballad of Balow is. Even if we grant the a priori probability 
 that a woman's lament over her seduction and desertion would 
 belong to Scotland, the MS. evidence is yet clearly in favour of 
 the ballad being English, as its language is. But annexed bal- 
 lads, like annexed territories, and stolen waters, are sweet : and 
 doubtless Scotch balladists will not be ready to give up Balow. 
 The most profitable question hereafter will be, who shall gain 
 the best title to it by admiring it most, for ' singularly beautiful,' 
 * most touching,' it is. 
 
 PALMEE'S BALOW. 
 
 [Pinkerton MS. itop. 48. On the margin Pinkerton writes '^Lady BothwelVs 
 Lament. Ball. 2. 194."] 
 
 Balow my babe, ly still and sleepe ! 
 It greves me sore to see the weepe ! 
 If thow wert quyet, I wold be glade ; 
 Thy mumeinge makes thy mother sade ! 
 
 Balow, my boy, thy mother's ioy ; 
 
 Thy father bred me great annoy ! 
 
 Balow ! 
 
 'And thow, my darleinge, sleep awhyle, 
 And when thow waikest, sueetUe smyle ! 
 O doe not smyle as thy father did 
 To Cousinge- maides : nay God forbid ! 
 
 * This stanza is like the third of the Addit. MS. 10, 337. ^ cozen. 
 
Pinkerton's Mo MS, now Mr. David Laing's. clxxi 
 
 But yet I feare that thow wilt leare* 
 Thy father's face and hart to^ beare : 
 Balow ! 
 
 2 When he begane to court my loue, 
 And with his sugared wordes to move, 
 His fained tongue and flatteringe chearo 
 That tyme to me did not apeire ; 
 
 But now I see that crevelP he 
 
 Caires nather for my babe nor me. 
 
 Balow ! 
 
 Fairweell, fairweell, the falsest youthe 
 That ever kist a womans mouthe ! 
 Let never maide« efter me 
 CoOTmit hir to thy curtasie ! 
 
 For crevell'' thow, if once she bowe, 
 
 Wilt her abuse ; thow caires not how. 
 
 Balow ! 
 
 I cannot chuse, but ever will 
 Be loueinge to thy father still , 
 Though cuninge he procured my hart, 
 That can in no wayes from him paiit. 
 
 In weell or woe, whare ere he goe, 
 
 My hart sail never pairt him fro ! 
 
 Balow ! 
 
 ^Heir, by my greeff, I wowe and sueare, 
 The, and all vthers, to forbeare. 
 I'le never kise, nor cull, nor clape. 
 But lull my youngKnge in my lape. 
 
 Hart, doe not greeve ! leave off to mume ! 
 
 And sleepe securelie, hart, allone ! 
 
 [Balow.] 
 
 [PinhertorC s ito MS. p. 46. Sis scarcely/ legible note in the margin says : "This 
 in Ramsay is mingled with the following (Palmer's Balow) except a few 
 stanzas,"'\ 
 
 THE BALOW. ALLANE. 
 
 Balow my babe, frowne not on me, 
 
 Who still will weepe for wronginge the, 
 
 Till from myne eyes a sea sail flow, 
 
 To saile my soule from mortall woe 
 To that immortall mirtall shore, 
 Where greeff slane ghosts can greeve no more. 
 Balow, Balow, Balow, Balow ! 
 
 ' better readings than the heare and still of the Addit. MS. 10, 37. 
 
 2 This is the 2nd stanza of the Addit. MS. copy. 
 
 3 cruel. ^ for crewell, cruel. 
 
 5 Marginal note by Pinkerton: "Wanting in Dr. Percy's edition." It's 
 in both Gamble's copy and the Addit. MS. 10,337. Percy Fol. Sal. 4- Mom. 
 ii. 616-17. 
 
clxxii The Ballad of " Balow.^' 
 
 Be still my sad-one ! spare those teares 
 To weepe when thow hast witt and yeares ! 
 Thy greeffs are gatheringe to a sum, 
 God send the patience when they cum ! 
 Borne to Bewaile a father's shame, 
 A Mother's fall, a bastard's name! 
 Balow (fee. 
 
 Balow, my deare ! thy feathles dade. 
 
 When he the prodigall had mead, 
 
 Of gudes and oathes regairdles, he 
 
 Preferr'd the warrs to the and me ; 
 
 Whare now, perhaps, thy curse and myne 
 Makes him eate accornes Math the swyne. 
 Balow ! 
 
 Yet peace, my comfort ! curse not him, 
 "Who now in sea of greeff doth sweim, 
 Perhaps of death, for who can tell, 
 Wither the iudge of heavin and hell 
 By some predest[i]ned deadlie lead, 
 Revengeinge me, hath struke him dead ? 
 Balow ! 
 
 And were I neir the fattall boundes 
 Where he lyes gaspinge in his woimdes ; 
 Eepeatinge, as he pantes for breath, 
 Hir name, that woundes more deep then death, 
 And therwith dies : what hart so stronge 
 But wold forgiue the greatest wronge ? 
 Balow ! 
 
 If lininge^ lack, for that loues sake 
 Which once I bore him I wold make 
 My smoake vnto his body meit, 
 A[nd] wrap him in that winding sheet ! 
 Ay me ! how hapy had I bein 
 If he had neir bein wrap't therin ! 
 Balow ! 
 
 Balow, my babe ! when thou hast yeares, 
 Forget thy Mother, scorne hir teares. 
 Thy birth denay, thy freindes deride, — 
 It's but a courtlie trick of pryde, — 
 
 Then mayest thou ryse, my sone, to be 
 A courtier, by disclameinge me. 
 Balow ! 
 
 The copy of Balow in Eitson's Scofish Songs, i. 158, ed. 1794, 
 like that in Herd's Scottish Songs, etc., i. 65, ed. 1869, is in 
 13 stanzas, 9 of which are spurious ; that in Pinkerton's Select 
 
 ' for linnen. 
 
The Example of Germany. clxxiii 
 
 Scotish Ballads, i. 59, has only 4 verses, the last being spurious, 
 and all scotified. 
 
 I have now ended the list of work I set myself: to sketch 
 hastily the stories of the books and ballads on which an English- 
 man of Shakespere's class and time tells us he was trained, and 
 contrast them with those of a more educated Scotchman of a 
 generation earlier. Of the Ballads of England the history has 
 been written by Mr. "Wm. Chappell. The Ballads of Scotland 
 have, unluckily, not yet found their Chappell, so far as I know^, 
 the man who will honestly give ns chapter and verse for every 
 assertion, will go no further than his authorities warrant, and 
 will expose the falsifications and forgeries of the men who have 
 tampered with and invented many of their old ballads, real and 
 unreal. Honest prints of all their old musical and ballad MSS. — 
 however few — are much wanted, as these are evidence. We've had 
 enough of Allan Eamsay, "Watson, Buchan, and Co. 
 
 To trace the history of Kenilworth is no part of my task^ — for 
 that I refer to Dugdale, and the many copiers of him : as for its 
 present state, I refer to Mr. Knowles's excellent photographs in 
 his new edition of Laneham: to discuss the character of Leicester or 
 his great Queen Elizabeth — great in spite of all her littlenesses — 
 I do not purpose, much as I like to fancy our aftercomers setting 
 Victorian England by the side of Elizabethan, and judging it 
 worthy to be there. But, having spent this spring and summer 
 in the sunshine and the glad light green of our fair native land, I 
 cannot but dwell a while, in thought at least, on the bright days 
 of our author during his happy stay in "Warwickshire, a county 
 lit for us all by a light of glory kindled in his time, and that will 
 never die so long as our race lasts. Truly one understands the 
 Grerman soldier's quiet words to his comrade lately on the E-hine : 
 " We are not worthy to be a nation, if we let the French take this 
 from us." So felt the Elizabethans when the Armada was near ; 
 so the Georgians when the first Napoleon threatened ; so the 
 
 * Of course I trust Mr. Laing and Mr. Maidment. 
 
 2 I add in an Appendix, p. 63, the Survey of Kenilworth in Henry VIII's 
 time, from the Cotton MS. Vespasian, F ix. It's in Dugdale, etc. 
 
clxxiv Elizabeth's Arrival at Kenilworth. 
 
 Victorian volunteers when the Colonels of the third Napoleon 
 planned to plunder London. But what are our 170,000 to the 
 two millions wanted ? Where is our statesman to make us an 
 armed nation ? Where is our Moltke to organize our defence ? 
 May the splendid example that Prussian patriotism has set us, 
 teach us to make sure, that a like fate to that which awaits Louis 
 Napoleon's soldiers shall meet the foe that sets * one foot^ ' on 
 our soil ! 
 
 EaHAM, 
 
 August 21t 1870. 
 
 P.S. — The proof of the forgotten lines above comes on March 
 31, 1871, and makes me glad that I did not doubt Germany's 
 triumph, much as I grieve over the present state of Paris. But, 
 to return to Laneham : — 
 
 In exchange for the use of my description of Captain Cox's 
 books, Mr. Knowles has been kind enough to give the Society 
 copies of his map or plan of Kenilworth, reengraved from Kenil- 
 worth Illustrated, in order that our Members may be able to fol- 
 low on it Laneham's description of the place. Mr. Knowles has 
 also given us the following note on Elizabeth's reception at the 
 Castle. She entered by the North- west Gate, from Warwick : — 
 
 "Besides postern gates (through the North-western one of 
 which the Queen crossed ' the fayr tymbred bridge,' on July 11, 
 1575, * too hunt the Hart of fors ') there were not more than two 
 entrance-gates to the Castle. 
 
 1. The fine portal under the keep opened originally on to the 
 Redfen Lane. But it was now reduced in importance by Leices- 
 ter, who, to make the Castle garden private, had shifted the great 
 north entrance eastward, building his new stately Gateway near 
 Lunn's Tower (see map), and forming aviaries in the Northern 
 towers of the outer wall (see below). 
 
 2. Elizabeth came into the Castle by the entrance from War- 
 wick, which was less altered. The floodgate or Gallery Tower 
 had been rebuilt by Leicester, who had also (probably) widened 
 the great dam, and made a broadish roadway on it. 
 
 * The Frencli boast after Saarbruck. 
 
Elizabeth's Arrival at Kenilworih. clxxv 
 
 The map will show Mortimer's Tower, an interesting building 
 (1200-1223), which Leicester bad left untouched. Here the 
 Lady of the Lake meets Elizabeth, who, having thanked her, 
 passes through to the eastern gateway close under Caesar's Tower, 
 along the edge of the original Norman ditch, which was now *a 
 dry valley.' Part of this fosse happily yet remains, as is said 
 below, though Hawkesworth, when he dismantled the Castle (ab. 
 1650), filled up two-thirds of it with the wreck of Henry the 
 Eighth's building." 
 
 P.P.S. — Since these lines were written, i. e. during the present 
 year (1871), the foundations and some exceedingly fine fragments 
 of a third chapel have been discovered. It stood in the lower or 
 Eastern outer Bailey ; and its dimensions were about 100 feet by 
 50 (outside measurement). A jamb-base of the Sedilia and a 
 simple string-course are still in site. All that has been found is 
 of rather Early Decorated work, say about 1330 a.d. Edward III 
 was at Kenilworth in December, 1329, as a charter granted to the 
 Cistercian Abbey at Stoneleigh proves. — E. H. K. 
 
clxxvi 
 
 NOTES TO FOEEWOEDS. 
 
 'Page x. — The first modern edition of Laueham's Letter was 
 printed at Warwick in 1784. 
 
 2. In Nichols's Progresses of Q. Miz. vol. i., 1788. 
 
 3. Printed for G. H. Burn in 1821. 
 
 4. In Kenilworth Illustrated, 1821. 
 
 5. Again in 2nd edit. vol. i. of Nichol's Prog, of Q. E. (1823). 
 
 6. A reprint of Burn's edit, in Kenilworth Festivities in 1825. 
 
 7. Hotten's modernised reprint. 
 
 8. Amye Eobsart and the Earl of Leicester; a Critical Inquiry 
 into the Authenticity of the various Statements in relation to the 
 Death of Amye Eobsart, and of the Libels on the Earl of Leices- 
 ter, with a vindication of the Earl by his nephew Sir Philip 
 Sydney, with a History of Kenilworth Castle, including an account 
 of the Splendid Entertainment given to Queen Elizabeth by the 
 Earl of Leicester, in 1575, from the Works of Eobert Laneham 
 and George Gascoigne ; together with Memoirs and Correspon- 
 dence of Sir Eobert Dudley, Son of the Earl of Leicester. By 
 George Adlabd, author of "The Sutton-Dudleys of England," 
 &c. 8vo, pp. 368, with plates, cloth. 12s. 
 
 Nichols, in the 2nd ed. of Q. E. Prog., extracts nearly the whole 
 of Burn's Preface and most of Burn's notes, with an acknow- 
 ledgment. 
 
 Page xi. Progresses. — Here is Hall's account of Henry YIIl's 
 first, in 1510 :— 
 
 " From thence the whole Courts remoued to Wyndesore, than 
 begynnyng his progresse, exercisyng hym self daily in shoting, 
 singing, dauwsyng, wrastelyng, casting of the barre, plaiyng at 
 the recorders, flute, virginals, and in setting of songes, makyng of 
 balettes, & dyd set .ii. goodly masses, euery of them fyue partes, 
 whiche were sange oftentimes in hys chapel, and afterwardes in 
 diuerse other places. And whan he came to Okyng [? Woking] 
 there were kept both lustes and Turneys : the rest of thys pro- 
 gresse was spent in huntyng, hawkyng, and shotyng." — HalVs 
 Chronicle, p. 515, ed. 1809. 
 
 Page xxxii, I. 19, and note *. The hohe of nurture. — Jackson's 
 edition of Hewe Eodes in 1577 was probably the sixth : " The 
 Boke of Nurture, or Schoole of good raaners for men Seruants 
 and children, with Stans puer ad mensam. Newly corrected, &c." 
 In my reprint I gave some collations of the second known edition, 
 by Petyt, — from the imperfect copy in the Bodleian, — and of the 
 
Notes to Forewords. clxxvii 
 
 3rd known edition by Thomas Colwell, and the 4th by Abraham 
 Veale, from Mr. Corser's unique copies, which he kindly lent me. 
 Of the 5th edition by Thomas East in 1568, Lord Ashburnham 
 has a copy, and I need not say that I have not seen it : he buys 
 his books "for his own gratification, not for other people to look 
 at." Of the first edition, about 1530, Mr. W. C. Hazlitt reports 
 a copy to be in the possession of a Cornish gentleman, Mr, 
 Eobartes, "Imprynted at London in Southwarke by me Johan 
 Redman." The 8th edition was perhaps ' The booke of Nurture ' 
 licensed to Thomas Easte on the 12th March, 1581-2. — Collier's 
 Mxtracts, ii. 160. 
 
 IBage xxxvii. Olyuer of the Castl. — Mr. E. "W. Cosens says: In 
 the Spanish translation of Ticknor by Grayangos and Vedia, vol. i, 
 p. 523, is the following note : " Of El Bey Artus, or more cor- 
 rectly, ' La historia de los nobles cavalleros Oliveros de Castilla 
 y Artus de Algarve,' we have before us a copy printed at Burgos 
 in 1499, an edition unknown to Mendez. It is in folio, with 
 wood engravings. On the last leaf is printed, ' To the praise and 
 glory of our redeemer Jesus Christ and of the blessed virgin Holy 
 Mary. The present work was finished in the very noble and loyal 
 city of Burgos the twenty -fifth day of May, year of our redemption 
 1499.' (In gothic letter, double columns.) 
 
 " Besides the editions cited by Brunet, 1501 and 1604, there is 
 one by Cromberger, Seville, 20 November, 1510, folio, in double 
 columns, without pagination, 34 leaves, Grothic letter (letra de 
 tortis), but of a different shape to that of the 1499 edition. In 
 the earlier editions it is stated that the work was translated out 
 of the Latin into the Erench tongue by " Eelipe Comus," licen- 
 ciado ' in utroque^ but in those of the 18th and later it is attri- 
 buted to a certain Pedro de la Eloresta." 
 
 Paye xliii.— No. XYI. Tie Castle of Ladiez. Mr. Hy. Huth 
 has, with his usual kindness, lent me his copy of The Cyte oj 
 Ladyes ; but there is nothing in it to identify it with Laneham's 
 Castle of Ladiez except that it is all about virtuous ladies, and 
 that the ' Cyte ' in the woodcut on the title-page, before which 
 two ladies stand, is that of a castle or large tower, perhaps part of 
 the city-wall. The book is a translation of the Erench work of 
 Cristine de Pise, printed in 1496, Le tresor de la cite des dames 
 (contenant plusieurs histoires et enseignemens notables aux roys, 
 roynes, princesses et chevaliers, etc.) selon dame Cristine. Colo- 
 phon : " Cy finist le tresor . . . imprime a Paris, le viij iour daoust 
 mil quatre cens quattre vingtz et xvij pour Anthoine Verard . . . 
 in fol. goth." — Brunet. Cristine, taking up a book by Matheolus 
 ''rho did ' not speke well of the reuerence of women ' — perhaps 
 
 Le livre de Matheolus 
 
 qui nous monstre sans varier 
 
clxxviii Notes to Forewords (The Cyte of Ladyes). 
 
 les biens et aussi les vertus 
 
 qui viennent pour soi marier etc. (Paris, 1492) — 
 
 * made grete meruayle . . . what myght be the cause, and wherof 
 it myght come, that so many dyuers men, clerkes and others, 
 haue ben, and ben, enclyned to say by mouthe / & in theyr trea- 
 tyse and wrytynges, so many slaundres and blames of women and 
 of theyr cond/cyons . . . that the condycyons of women ben fully 
 enclyned to all vyces." Cristine, having examined herself ' as a 
 woman naturall,' and discust the matter with her friends, is forct 
 to the conclusion ' tJiai god made a foule thynge when he fourmed 
 woman.' This troubles her much, and she dreams that three 
 Ladies, Eeasou, Righteousness, and Justice, appear to her, argue 
 against her conclusion, and say to her 
 
 We be come to tell the of a certayne buyldynge made ra the manere of a 
 cloystre of a Cyte strongely wrought by masons handes & well buylded / 
 whlche is predestynate to the for to make and to stable it by our helpe and 
 counsayle / in the whiche shall none enhabyte but onely ladyes of good fame / 
 and women worthy of praysynges. For to them where vertue shall not be 
 founde / the walles of our Cyte shall be strongely shytte. (sign. Cc.j.) 
 
 The City is a metaphorical one ; the foundations are to be dug 
 with the pickaxe of understanding, by asking questions of Reason 
 as to women's nature and state. "Woman is shown to be ' ryght 
 a noble thyng,' and Gate's unpolite remark ' that the woman thai 
 pleaseth a man naturally resembleth the rose, whiche is pleasaunt 
 to se / but the thorne is vnder, & prycketh ' is explained to mean, 
 that a good woman ' is one of the plesauntest thynges that is to 
 se,' but the thorn is only for herself, ' the thorne of drede to do 
 amysse' (sign. Ee. j.). Many good women are then described, 
 Mary the mother of Christ, ' Mary Magdaleyne & Martha her 
 syster,' 'the Empresse ISTychole and dyuers noble queues and 
 pryncesses of Eraunce, the quene Eredegonde, Semyramys, the 
 Amozones, the quene of Amozonye (Thamaris). Howe the stronge 
 Hercules & Theseus wente vpon the Amozones, and ho we the .ij. 
 ladyes Menalope and Ipolyte had almoost ouercome them (cap. 
 18). Of the quene Pantassylea, howe she wente to the socours of 
 Troye ; of Cenobye, quene of Palmurenes '; Lylye, mother of that 
 good knyght Thyerrys ; quene Eredegonde, the mayde Camylle, 
 quene Yeronycle of Capadoce, the noble Archemyse, quene of 
 Carye, and of the hardynesse of Cleolis. Then of the women that 
 were enlumyned of grete scyences: the noble mayde Cornyfye 
 (cap. 28), Probe the Romayne, Sapho poete and phylosophre (cap. 
 30), the mayde Manthoa, Medea and another quene named Cyrtes. 
 Then of the women that of themselves ' founde ony thynge . . . 
 that was not knowne before: Nycostrate, otherwyse called Car- 
 mentis (cap. 33) ; Mynerue that founde many scyences / and the 
 
Notes to Forewords (The Cyte of LadyesJ . clxxix 
 
 manere to make Armoure of Iron and Steele ; tlie ryght noble 
 quene Seres ; and the noble quene Ises, that founde fyrste the 
 crafte to make Orcharde, and to plante plantes. Then ' of the 
 grete welthe that is come to the worlde by dyuers ladyes (cap. 
 37-8) . . the mayden Areuye, tliat founde the crafte to shere 
 sheepe / to dresse the wolles / and to make clothe ; Pamphyle, that 
 founde the crafte to drawe sylke of the wormes (cap. 40) ; Thamar, 
 that was a souerayue maystresse in the crafte of payntynge /and 
 . . . Irayne ; and Semproyne.' Next of the ' naturall prudewce in 
 woman : of Gaye Cyryle (cap. 45), Dydo quene of Cartage, Opys, 
 Lauyne, doughter of the kynge Latyn.' These end the first Book, 
 and Reason's talk to Cristine. 
 
 The second Book contains Eyghtwysnesse (or Eighteouaness)'s 
 account of good women, those who are to form ' good buyldynge 
 & hyghe palaces / royal & noble mansyons of these excellente 
 ladyes of grete worshyp and renowne, [whi]che shal be lodged in 
 this cyte / & shal abyde perpetually fro hens forth.' 1. those of 
 souerayne dygnyte hyghly fulfylled of Sapyence,' the .x. Sybylles, 
 also of Sybylle Erytee, and Sybylle Alraethea ; of dyuers ladyes 
 (cap. 4), also of Nycostrate / and of Cassandra / and of the quene 
 Basyne ; of Authoyne that became Empresse : of doughters that 
 loued fader & moder, & fyrst of Drypetue (cap. 8), also of Isy- 
 phyle, of the vyrgyne Caudyne, of a woman that gaue her moder 
 sowke in pry son (cap. 11). Next of the ' grete loue of women to 
 theyr housbandes : of the quene Ipsytrace, the Empresse Tryarye, 
 quene Archemyse ; Argyue, doughter of the kynge Adrastus ; the 
 noble lady Agryppyne ; the noble lady Julye, doughter of Julyus 
 Cezar / & wyfe of the prynce Pompee (cap. 19) ; the noble lady 
 Tyerce Emulyen; Zancyppe, wyfe of the phylosophre Socrates 
 (cap. 21) ; Pompay paulyne, wyfe of seneke ; the noble Sulpyce ; 
 also of dyuers ladyes togyder that respyted theyr housbandes 
 from the dethe' (cap. 24). Next, how wrong it is to say that 
 ' women can kepe no counsayle,' and here ' of Porcya, doughter of 
 Catho ; of the noble lady Curya,' and of a Eoman woman in 
 Nero's time. Then, what a mistake it is to ' say that a man is a 
 fole that byleueth the counsayle of his wyfe, & taketh ony trust 
 to it,' with instances ' of men to whom it bathe well sewed of 
 byleuynge of theyr wyues' (cap. 29). Then 'of the grete welthe 
 that is come to the worlde, & cometh all day, bycause of women. 
 Also of Judyth the noble wydowe, quene Hester, the ladyes ot 
 Sabyne, Veturye,' and 'the quene of Eraunce, Clotylde. Also 
 agaynst them that say that it is not good that women lerne letters 
 . . and that there ben but fewe womew chaat ; & speketh of Susan, 
 of Sarra, Eebecca, Euth, Penolope, Maryamyre, & of Anthoyne 
 wyfe of Druse Tyber. Also agaynst them that saye that women 
 wyli be wylfuUy rauysshed of men / ensamples dyuers / & fyrst of 
 
clxxx Notes to Forewords (The Cyte of Lady es). 
 
 Lucresse ; also of the quene of Gawsgreea, the Sycambres & other 
 maydens.* Next, against the inconstancy of women, Ryghtwys- 
 nesse cites examples ' of the inconstaunce of dyuers Emperors ; 
 also of Nero', Galba, and others. But of women's constancy, 
 ' Grysylde, marquyse of Saluce, a stronge woman in vertue (cap. 
 50) ; Florence of Eome ; and the wyfe of Barnabo the Geneuoys. 
 Then, how it is not true that ' there are but fewe womew praysable 
 in the lyfe of loue ;' citing ' Dydo, quene of Cartage, to the pur- 
 pose of stable loue in a woman '; also Medea, Tysbe the mayde, 
 Hero, Sysmonde doughter of the prynce of Salerne, Lyzabeth & 
 other louers, Juno & other worshypful ladyes' (cap. 60). Next 
 is an answer ' agaynst those that sayth that women draweth men 
 to them by theyr Jolytees : Of Claudyne, woman of E-ome ;' yet 
 ' Howe that he lyeth not that sayth that some women delyteth 
 them in fayre clothynge or araye (cap. 63). Of quene Blaunche, 
 moder of saynt Lewes, & other good women loued for theyr 
 vcrtues.' Lastly, that women are not by nature ' scarce and 
 covetouse ' as witness ' the ryche lady, & lyberall, Buyse ; and 
 pryncesses & ladyes of Fraunce ' (cap. 67) . 
 
 The Third Part * speketh howe & by whome the hyghe batyl- 
 mentes of the towres of the Cyte of Ladyes were perfourmed / & 
 what noble ladyes were chosen for to dwelle in the hyghe & grete 
 palays and hyghe dongeons.' They are the chief Women-Saints, 
 described by the lady Justice : Mary, ' quene of heuen ; the systers 
 of oure Lady, Mary Magdaleyne, saynt(s) Katheryne, Margarete, 
 Luce (of Rome), Martyne, Luce (of Syracuse), Justyne & other 
 vyrgynes, the blessyd Theodosyne, Barbara, Dorothe, Christine ; 
 also dyuers sayntes whiche sawe theyr chyldren martyred before 
 them ; also saynt Maryne the vyrgyne, Eufrosyne, Anastase & her 
 felawes,' and among the others, the iij. systers vyrgynes, Agappe, 
 Thyonne, Hyrene (x. 6, back) ; saynt Theodore, the noble Athalye 
 (or Natalye), saynt Afire,' and ' dyuers noble ladyes whiche serued 
 & herboured the apostles & other dyuers saywtes' (cap. 18). 
 Lastly, * in the ende of this boke Ohristine speketh to the Ladyes,' 
 telling them that ' nowe is our Cyte well accheued and made 
 parfyte . . that t*:e matter wherof it is made is all of vertue,' 
 exhorting them to be humble, obedient, chaste, and pure, guarding 
 themselves against the wiles of men, who strive to snare them ' as 
 one dothe to take wylde beestes ': — 
 
 And tlius that it please you, my ryght redoubted ladyea, to draws to th* 
 vertues, and flee vyces, to encrease and multeplye our Cyte / and ye to reioyce 
 in well doynge. And me, your seruaunt, to be recommended vnto you i^ 
 praynge god, whiclie by his grace in this worlds graunte me for to lyue / and 
 perseuer in his holy seruyce / and at the ende to be pyteous to my grete 
 defautes / and graunte bothe vnto you and me the loye whiche endure[th] 
 euermore. Amen. ([ . Finis. 
 
Notes to Forewords. clxxxi 
 
 Surely a good book for Captain Cox and Eobert Laneham to 
 liave. Let us believe that it was the Captain's Castle of Ladiez. 
 Its colophon, under a woodcut of two women, and between bor- 
 ders, is " d Here endeth the thyrde and the last partye of the 
 boke of the Cyte of Ladyes. (J Imprynted at London in Ponies 
 chyrchyarde at the sygne of the Trynyte by Henry Pepwell. In 
 the yere of our lorde .M. CCCCC. xxj. The .xxvj. day of October. 
 And the .xij. yere of the reygne of our souerayne lorde kynge 
 Henry the .viij." On the back of the leaf is Pepwell's mono- 
 gram, a large woodcut of the Trinity, with elaborate borders all 
 round. 
 
 Page Ixxxv. The Ship of Foolz. — Mr. W. Paterson of Princes 
 St., Edinburgh, announces as in preparation a reprint of Alexander 
 Barclay's Shyp of Fooles from Pynson's edition of 1509, with 
 Introduction, Notes, and Glossary by T. H. Jamieson, and 112 
 Woodcuts reproduced in facsimile from the Basle edition in Latin 
 of 1497, by John T. Eeid, Artist. (P.S. I am dismayed to see 
 that Warton in his History of English Poetry (§ 28, vol. iii. 
 p. 193, ed. Hazlitt, etc., 1871) has made the same extract from 
 The Ship of Fools that I have. The Book-Fool tempted both 
 Warton and me.) 
 
 Page cxxviii, note ^ — Here follows the moralized " Com ouer 
 the Boorne, Besse," from Eitson's MS, which he gave to the 
 British Museum. 
 
 [Addit. MS. 5665, leaf 143 back.] 
 
 Come ouer ^ burnc, besse, 
 
 pou lytyll pr«ty besse ! 
 
 com ouer the burne, besse, to me ! 
 
 The burne is fis worlde blywde 
 
 & besse is mankynde ; 
 
 so propyr I can none fynde as she. 
 
 she dauncys & lepys, 
 
 & crist sto«dys & clepys : 
 
 cum ouer the burne, besse, to me ! 
 Cum ouer the burne, besse, 
 you lytyll praty besse, 
 cu^ ouer the burne, besse, to me ! 
 
 The original (says Mr. Chappell) is "A Songe betwene the 
 Queues Majestie and England," a duet between England and 
 Queen Elizabeth, under the name of Bessy. Each stanza consists 
 
clxxxii Notes to Forewords. 
 
 of four lines, and they are marked alternately E. and B. The 
 first verse is : 
 
 " E. Come over the born, Bessy, come over the born, Bessy, 
 Swete Bessy come over to me, 
 And I shal the take, and my dere Lady make, 
 Before all other that ever I see." 
 
 23 verses, " Finis, q. "Wylliam Birche." "Imprinted at Lon- 
 don by William Pickeringe, dwellyng under Saynt Magnus 
 Church." A copy in the library of the Society of Antiquaries. 
 See Catalogue of Broadsides, p, 17, 
 
 Page cxxxii. Bagford and the Gaxton Prognostication. — " Bag- 
 ford's collection of printed Titles etc. (although mostly stolen 
 from the Univ. Lib. Camb. and elsewhere) is certainly of value. 
 His MS. Titles, and his remarks about Caxton and other printers, 
 serve, as Dibdin truly said, only to mislead. His ' prodnostica- 
 tion,' printed by Caxton, 1493, is all fudge, like many other works 
 he attributed to the same printer." — William Blades. 
 
 P. xxii, No. IV. Beuys of Sampton. — A shilling abstract in 
 modern prose, The Romance of Sir Bevis of S. Samtoun, Newly 
 done into English Prose from the Metrical Version of the Auchin- 
 lech MS, hy Eustace H. Jones has just been ' publisht by H. M. 
 Grilbert xxxvij Bernard St. and A. Eandle cxxxix & cxl High St. 
 Southampton.' Mr. Jones doesn't know much about Early 
 English, but his book may be handy to many who can't get at 
 the original. 
 
 P. cxlii, No. 14. Sercules. — In Lilly's Sale Catalogue (Sotheby's, 
 1871) p. 139 is this entry : " 1313. Hercules. The Birthe of Her- 
 cules, A Comedye. Manuscript of the XVIth Century, with 
 directions for the actors in Latin and English on margins. Saee. 
 xvi {circa 1595). In all probability this is the first part of Mar- 
 tin Slaughter's Play of Hercules, said to have been acted in 1598 
 by the Lord Admiral's Servants, but of which no copy is now 
 known." 
 
A LETTER: 
 
 SEfjearin, part of ttje tnitxtmni 
 mtnt bntoo tfje d^uttnt Jilaiestg, 
 
 at ^illmjjtoxt^rth Clastl, in SEartoik §>hux 
 
 in thiff (Socmerz l$xoQxtB0 1575. i^ 
 
 jsigniffeb : from a fr^^iti) x>:Kar 
 
 att^ttbant in th^ Coxmrt, tontxr 
 
 hiz ixzznb a ditt^^u, 
 
 ani Jtterchaunt 
 
 oi ^jjnJJmt. 
 
 DE REGINA NOSTRA ILLVSTRISSIMA. 
 
 Dum laniata ruat vicina ah Regna tumultu : 
 L(zta suos inter genialibus ILLA diebus, 
 {Gratia Dijs) fruitur : Rupantur (5^ ilia Codro. 
 
VNTOO MY GOOD FBEBNJD, MA- 
 
 ster Humfrey Martin, Mercer. 
 
 AFter my liartie commendacionz_, I commende mee hartily 
 too yoo. Vnderstande yee^ tliat sins throogli God & 
 good freends, I am placed at Coourt heer (as yee wot) in 
 a woorshipfulP room : wliearby I am not onlie acquainted 
 with the most, and well knoen too the best, and euery 
 officer glad of my company : but also haue poour, a dayz, 
 (while the Councell sits not,) to go and too see things 
 sight worthy, and too bee prezent at any sheaw or spectacl, 
 only whear this Progresse reprezented vnto her highness : 
 And of part of which sportez, hauing takin sum notez and 
 obseruationz, (for I can not bee idl at ony hand in the 
 world,) az well too put fro me suspition of sluggardy, az too 
 pluk from yoo doout of ony my forgetfulnes of freendship : 
 I haue thought it meet too impart them vntoo yoo, az 
 frankly, az' freendly, and az fully az I can. Well wot yee 
 the blak Prins^ waz neuer stained with disloyaltee of ingra- 
 r*p 2 1 titude towarde ony : I* dare bee his warrant hee 
 will not beginne with yoo, that hath at hiz hand so 
 deeply dezerued. 
 
 But heerin, the better for conceyuing of my minde, and 
 instruction of yoors, ye must gyue mee leaue a littl, az well 
 to preface vntoo my matter, az to discoors sumwhat of Kil- 
 lyngwoorth Castl. A Territory of the right honorabl, my 
 singular good Lord, my Lord the Earl of Leyceter : of whooz 
 incomparabl cheeryng and enterteynment thear vntoo her 
 Maiesty noow, I will shew yoo a part heer, that coold not 
 see all ; nor had I seen all, coold well report the hallf : Whear 
 thynges, for the parsons, for the place, time, cost, deuisez, 
 straungnes, and aboundauns, of all that euer I sawe (and yet 
 haue I been, what vnder my Master Bomsted, and what on 
 my oun affayres, whyle I occupied Merchaundize, both in 
 Frauns and Flaunders long and many a day,) I saw none 
 ony where so memorabl, I tell you plain. 
 
 ■^ Orig. worwipfull. 
 
 ^ Laneham. See his signature, El Preneipe Negro at the end. Perhaps the 
 gn of his shop. — /. H. Burn, 1821. 
 
2 Kenilworth Castle described. 
 
 Killino-. ^^^ Castl hatli name of Killingwoortli, but of 
 
 woorth truth grounded vppon feythfull storie^Kenelwoorth. 
 Castl. It stonds in Warwykshyre, a Ixxiiii. myle north- 
 
 west from London, and az it wear in the Nauell of 
 LTP- -J Englandef, foure myle sumwhat south from Couen- 
 tree, (a proper Cittee,) and a lyke distauns from Warwyk, a 
 fayre Sheere Toun on the North : In ayr sweet and hollsum, 
 raised on an eazy mounted hill, iz sette eeuenlie coasted with 
 the froont straight intoo the East, hath the tenaunts and 
 Tooun about it, that pleasantly shifts from dale too Hyll, 
 sundry whear wyth sweet Springs bursting foorth : and iz 
 so plentifuUie well sorted on euery side, intoo arabl, meado, 
 pasture, wood, water, & good ayrz, az it appeerz to haue 
 need of nothing that may perteyn too lining or pleazure. 
 Too auauntage^ hath it, hard on the West, still uourisht with 
 many liuely Springs, a goodly Pool of rare beauty, bredth, 
 length, deapth, and store of all kinde freshwaterfish, delicat, 
 great, and fat, and also of wildfooul byside. By a rare situa- 
 cion and natural amitee seemz this Pool conioynd to the 
 Castlz, that on the West layz the head (az it wear) vpon the 
 Castlz boosom, embraceth it on either side, Soouth [a]nd 
 North, with both the armz, settlz it self az in a reach a flight- 
 shoot brode^, stretching foorth body and legs a myle or too 
 Westward : between a fayre Park on the one side, which by 
 re .-, the §Braiz^ is linked too the castl on the South, 
 sprinckled at ihQ entrauns with a feaw Coonyez, that 
 for colour and smallnes of number seem too bee suffered 
 more for pleasure then commoditee : And on tJiQ oother 
 side. North and West, a goodlie Chase : wast, wyde, large, 
 and full of red Deer and oother statelie gamez for hunting : 
 beautified with manie delectabl, fresh & vmbragioous 
 Boow[r]z, Arberz, Seatz, and walks, that with great art, cost, 
 & diligens, wear very pleazauntly appointed : which also 
 
 * Orig. anauntage. 
 
 2 This passage may have two significations : One derived from the same 
 expression which Laneham uses when speaking of the fire-works (p. 12), in 
 which place it is understood to mean a flying shot, or one discharged from a 
 mortar. The other . . supposing that a flight signified a small arrow ; in con- 
 ti-adistinction to shafts, quarrels, bolts, and piles. The latter of these is, how- 
 ever, the most probable,as the pool itself was not more than 300 ft. in breadth, 
 —Burn, p. 94; Nichols, i. 427 (edit. 1823). 
 
 3 The old military word for an outwork defended by palisades, with watch- 
 towers at intervals, to protect sentinels. See Le Due, under braie. — E. H. 
 Knowles. The Park at Kenilworth was separated from the Castle on the 
 South side by a part of the pool. — Hum, p. 94 ; Nichols, i. 427. 
 
s 
 
 1-1 a 
 
 2 -7 
 
 K \4 
 
 t-i H ^ 
 
The History of Kenilworth Castle. 3 
 
 the naturall grace by tlie tall and fresh fragrant treez & 
 soil did so far foorth commewd, az Diana her selfe might haue 
 deyned thear well enough too raunge for her pastime. The 
 leafb arme of this pool Northward, had my Lorde adooourned 
 with a beautifull bracelet of a fayr tymbred bridge^, that iz 
 of xiiii. foot wide, and a six hundred foot long : railed all on 
 both sidez, strongly planked for passage, reaching from the 
 Chase too the Castl : that thus in the midst hath clear pro- 
 spect oner theez pleasurz on the^ backpart : and forward, 
 ouer all the Toun, and mooch of the Countree beside. Heer- 
 too, a speciall commoditee at hand of sundrie quarreiz of 
 large building stone, the goodnes whearof may the ||eazlyar 
 p. g-, be iudged in the bilding and auncienty of the 
 Castl, that (az by the name & by storiez, well may 
 be gathered) waz first reared by Kenulph, and hiz young 
 
 sun and successor Kenelm^ : born both indeed 
 fo°22i°& ^it^iii ^^ Eeam heer, but yet of the race of 
 225. Saxons : and reigned kings of Marchlond from the 
 
 yeer of oour Lord .798. too .23. yeerz toogyther, 
 aboue 770, yeer ago. Although the Castl hath one aun- 
 cient, strong and large Keep, that iz called Ceazarz Tour, 
 
 rather (az I haue good cauz to think) for that it iz 
 mesb li^l' square and hye foormed, after the manor of Cezarz 
 
 Fortz, then that euer he bylt it. 
 Nay, noow I am a littl in. Master Martin, ile tell you all. 
 This Marchlond, that Storyerz call Mercia, iz numbred in 
 their bookes, the foourth* of the seauen Kingdomes that the 
 Saxans had whilom heer diuided among them in the Ream. 
 Began in Anno Domi. 616. 139. yeer after Horsins^ and 
 Engist continued in the race of a 17. Kings a .249. yeer 
 togyther: and ended in Ann. 875. E-eyzed from the rest 
 (sayz the book) at first by Pendaz prezumption*" : ouerthroun at 
 
 * See Notes at the end. 
 
 2 Orig. &. 
 
 3 This is all gammon. " Sir "William Dugdale says, that the land on which 
 the Castle is situate was given hy King Henry I. to a Norman, named Geoffry 
 de Clinton, his Lord Chamberlain and Treasurer, by whom the building was 
 first erected." — ISTote in Gascoigne's Princ. Pleas, ed. 1821, p. 81. 
 
 * Eobert Manning of Brunne makes it the sixth : — 
 
 i>e syxte was Merce, now ys Lyndeseye, 
 J>e bed toun J>er to Lyncohie lay. 
 Stori oflnglande, 1. 14761-2, vol. ii. p. 512, ed. 1871, F. J. F 
 
 ^ Another copy reads * Horsus,' rectius Horsa. — Nichols, 1788, i. 428. 
 ^ See Notes at the end. 
 
 B 2 
 
4 Of Mercia. The meaning of -worth. 
 
 last by Buthreds Hascardy^, and so fel to the kingdoom of 
 the West Saxons. 
 
 *And Marchlond had in it^ London, Mildelsex, — 
 Mercia heerin a Bishoprik ; — Had more of Shyrez^ : Gloceter, 
 Woorceter, and Warwik, — and heerin a Bishop- 
 rik ; — Chester (that noow we call Chesshyre), Darby, and 
 Staffoord, — whervntoo one Bishop, that had also part of War- 
 wik and Shrewsbery, and hiz See at Couentree, that waz then 
 aforetime at Lychfeeld. — Heertoo : Hereford, (wherin a 
 Bishoprik, that had more too iurisdiction, half Shreusbury, 
 part of Warwik, and also of Gloceter, and the See at Here- 
 ford;) — Also had Oxford, Buckingham, Hertford, Hunting- 
 don, and halfe of Bedford, and too theez, Northampton^, part 
 of Lecyter and also Lincoln, (whearvnto a Bisshop, whoz See 
 at Lincoln Citee, that sumtime before waz at Dorchester.) 
 Heerto, the rest of Leyceter & in Nottingham, that of olid 
 had a speciall Bishop, whooz See waz at Leyceter, but after, 
 put to the charge of the Archbishop of Yorke. 
 
 Noow touching the name, that of olid Recordes I vnder- 
 stand, and of auncient writers I finde, iz calld Kenelworth. 
 Syns most of the Worths in England stand ny vntoo like 
 lakez, and ar eyther small Ilandz, such one az the seat of this 
 ftp 7 1 tCastl hath been, & eazly may bee, or is londground 
 „ ™ ., by pool or riuer, whearon willoz, alderz, or such like 
 fol. 142. doo gro : which Althamerus* writez precizely that 
 The Ger- the Germains cal Word : loyning these too togither, 
 werT that ^*^ *^® nighness allso of the woords, and sybred^ 
 we wooi-k. of the toongs, I am the bolder to pronoouns, that 
 Werlt : az our English Woorth,^ with the rest of our aun- 
 woorld. cient langage, waz leaft vs from the Germains : 
 
 ^ Hask, harsh, Line. : Bailey. ' Hask, coarse, harsh, rough ' : Brockett, 
 ' An Haskarde, proletarius, ignobiKs ' : Levins. ' Haskerde, a rough fellow ' : 
 Dehher, ' Vilane hastarddis ' [/orhascarddis]. Percy's Eel. p. 25. — Halliwell. 
 
 ^ See these (save Middlesex and Hertford) in English of ah. 1300 a.d. in 
 the Life of St. Kenolm, in my Early English Poems mid Lives of Saints, p. 48-9, 
 1. 21-42. Mercia is there called ' >e march of Wales.' 
 
 •■* Orig. Norhnmpton. 
 
 * Andrew Althamer, a Lutheran minister of Nuremberg, who lived about 
 1560 ; he wrote several controversial works, and some valuable notes on 
 Tacitus, from which the passage in the text is taken. See Bictionnaire Universel. 
 ■ — Bttrn, p. 95 ; Nichols, i. 429. 
 
 ^ A. Sax. sibrceden, consanguinity. 
 
 fi The termination Worth, which is mentioned in the text to signify land 
 situate by water, is more properly derived from the Saxon pop'5, a court or 
 farm : and hence the place was originally denominated Kenelm's Worth, or 
 the Court of Kenelm. — Bttrn, p. 95 ; Nichols, i. 429. 
 
Caesar's Tower, Kenilworth Castle. 
 
July 9, 1575. Queen Elizabeth arrives at Kenilworth. 5 
 
 Wermut: eeuen so that tlieii' Werd and our Woorth is all 
 woorm- ^ one thing in sign [i] fiauns, common too vs both^ een 
 
 loidwert ^ ^^ ^^^^^ ^'^J' ^ ^^^® ^^^ ^^^® ^^ cleer, that I say 
 So much not az mooch as I moought. Thus proface ye^ with 
 woorth. the Preface. And noow to the matter. 
 
 ON Saterday the nyenth of luly^ at long Ichington, a Toun 
 and Lordship of my Lord^s^ within a seauen^ myle of 
 Killingworthj hiz honor made her Maiesty great cheer at 
 Dinner^ and pleazaunt pastime in hunting by the wey after, 
 that it was eight a clock in the euening ear her highness 
 came too Killingwoorth. Whear, in the Park, about a flight- 
 shoot from the Brayz, & first gate of the Castl, one of the 
 g., , ten Sibills, that (wee reed) wear all Fatidicae and 
 
 ' Theobulge§, (az partiez and priuy too the Godsgra- 
 
 '-' cious good wilz,) cumly clad in a palP of white sylk, 
 pronounced a proper poezi in English rime and meeter* : of 
 effect, hoow great gladnesse her goodnesse prezenze^ brought 
 into euerie steed^ whear it pleazed her too cum, and speciall 
 now into that place that had so long longed after the same : 
 ended with .prophesie certain, of mooch and long prospe- 
 ritee, health, and felicitee : this, her Maiestie beningly ac- 
 cepting'', passed fooorth vntoo the next gate of the Brayz, 
 which (for the length, largenes and vse, az well it may so 
 The P t serue,) they call noow the Tyltyard, whear a Porter, 
 tall of person, big of lim, & stearn of coounti- 
 nauns, wrapt also all in silke, with a club & keiz of quawti- 
 
 1 That is, ' I.' 
 
 2 Another copy erroneously states this town to he only three niiles distant 
 from Kenilworth. In Dr. Thomas's edition of Dugdale's Warwickshire, 
 Lond. 1730, vol. i. p. 345, it is related that at the period mentioned in the 
 text, " the Earl of Leicester gave the Queen a glorious entertainment here, in 
 her passage to Kenilworth Castle, erecting a tent of extraordinary largeness 
 for that purpose, the pins helonging whereto amounted to seven cart-loads ; hy 
 which the magnificence thereof may he guessed at." Laneham also subse- 
 quently notices this circumstance, when speaking of the preparations for the 
 Queen's reception at Kenilworth (p. 56 below). — Burn, p. 95 (from Nichols's 
 first edition of 1788, vol. i. p. 5) ; Nichols, ed. 1823, vol. i. p. 429. 
 
 ^ A long and large upper mantle was denominated a pall, from the Latin 
 palliwin, or palla, a cloak. The great mantle worn by the Knights of the 
 Garter, is by ancient writers csWe^ pallium. — Burn, p. 95 ; Nichols, i. 430. 
 
 ■• These verses, written by Jlr. Hunnis, Master of Queen Elizabeth's 
 Chapel, are the first in Gascoigne's Princely Pleasures, p. 3-4, ed. 1821. 
 
 * Another copy reads "gracious presence." — Nichols, i. 430. 
 
 * Stead is from the Saxon Stede, a room or place. See Somner. — Burn, 
 p. 96 ; Nichols, i, 430. 7 Orig. accepning. 
 
6 The Porter, Trumpeters, and Lady of the Lake. 
 
 tee according, had a rougli speech, full of passions, in 
 meeter aptly made to the purpose : whearby (az her high- 
 nes was cum within his warde) hee burst out in a great 
 pang of impatiens^ to see such vncooth trudging too and 
 fro, such riding in and out, with such dyn and noiz of talk 
 within the charge of his offis : whearof hee neuer saw the 
 like, nor had any warning afore, ne yet coold make too him- 
 r . g -] selfe any cauze of the matter : at last, vpon better 
 
 vieu and auisementf, as hee preast too cum neerar : 
 confessing anon that hee found him self pearced at the pre- 
 zens of a personage so euidently expressing an heroicall Sou- 
 eraintee ouer all the whole estates & hy degreez thear be- 
 syde, callmd hiz stoniz^, proclaims open gates and free pas- 
 sage to all, yeelds vp hiz club, hiz keyz^, hiz office, and all, 
 and on hiz kneez humbly prayz pardon of hiz ignorauns and 
 
 impaciens : which her highnes graciouslie graunt- 
 petooiu's™' ^^^> ^® cauzd hiz Trumpetoourz that stood vppon 
 
 the wall of the gate thear, too soound vp a tune of 
 welcum : which, besyde the nobl noyz, was so mooch the 
 more pleazaunt too behold, becauz theez Trumpetoourz, 
 beeing sixe in number, wear euery one an eight foot hye*, in 
 due proportion of parson besyde, all in long garments of 
 sylk sutabl, eache with hiz syluery Trumpet of a hue foot 
 long, foormed Taperwyse, and straight from the vpper part 
 vntoo the neather eend, whear the Diameter was a 16. 
 ynchez ouer, and yet so tempered by art, that being very 
 eazy too the blast, they cast foorth no greater noyz, nor a 
 more vnpleazaunt soound for time and tune, then any oother 
 r*p 101 common Trumpet, bee it neuer so artificially* 
 
 foormed. Theese armonious blasterz, — from the 
 foreside of the gate at her highnes entrauns whear they be- 
 gan, walking vpon the wallz, vntoo the inner, — had this 
 muzik mainteined from them very delectably while her high- 
 ness all along this tiltyard rode vnto the inner gate next the 
 
 base coourt of the Castl : where the Lady of the 
 tl^ L^e. I^s-ke (famous in King Arthurz book^) with too 
 
 Nymphes waiting vppon her, arrayed all in sylks, 
 attending her highness comming : from the midst of the 
 Pool, whear, vpon a moouabl Hand, bright blazing Avith 
 
 * See Notes at end. ^ Astomshment. ^ Orig. heyz. 
 
 •• Sham ones with sham trumpets, hut real men and trumpets behind. See 
 p. 5 of Gmcoigne's Fr. Fleas. 
 
The Lady of the Lake receives the Queen. 9 July, 1575. 7 
 
 torclieSj she, floting to land, met her Maiesty with a well 
 penned meter and matter^ after this sort : first of the aun- 
 cientee of the Castl, — whoo had been ownerz of the same een 
 till this day, most allweyz in the hands of the Earls of 
 Leyceter, — hoow shee had kept this Lake sins king Arthurz 
 dayz, and now, vnderstanding of her highness hither cum- 
 ming, thought it both office and duetie in humbl wize to dis- 
 couer her and her estate : offering vp the same, her Lake 
 and poour therein, with promise of repayre vnto the Coourt. 
 It pleozed her highness too thank this Lady, & too ad 
 withall, " we had thought indeed the Lake had been oours, 
 P^ . J -, and doo you *call it yourz noow ? Wei, we will 
 heerin common more with yoo heerafter/' 
 This Pageaunt waz clozd vp with a delectable harmony of 
 Hautboiz^, Shalmz^, Cornets*, and such oother looud muzik, 
 
 ' Verses printed in Gascoigne's Frincely Pleasures, p. 7-9, ed. 1821, and 
 ' devised and penned by M. Ferrers, sometime Lord of Misrule in tlie Court.' 
 — Nichols, i. 431. 
 
 2 Straight wooden -wind-instruments, with holes down the front, and conical 
 ends, blo^\Ti through reed mouthpieces at the top. See Notes at the end. 
 
 ^ Shalmz. See Chappell's Popular Music of the Olden Ti?ne, i. 35, note b. 
 " A very early drawing of the Shalm or Shawm, is in one of the illustrations 
 to a copy of Froissart, in the Brit. Mus. — Eoyal MSS. 18 E. Another in Com- 
 menius' Visible World, translated by Hoole, 1650, (he translates the Latin 
 word gingras, shawm,) from which it is copied iato Cavendish's Life of Wolsey, 
 edited by Singer, vol. i. p. 114, ed. 1 825. The modem clarionet is an improve- 
 ment upon the shawm, which was played with a quill, or reed, like the wayte, 
 or hautboy, but being a bass instrument, vsdth about the compass of an octave, 
 had probably more the tone of a bassoon. It was used on occasions of state. 
 ' What stately music have you ? You have shawms ? Ralph plays a stately 
 part, and he must needs have shawms.' — Knight of the Burning Pestle. Drayton 
 speaks of it as shrill-toned : 'E'en from the shrillest shawm, unto the corna- 
 mute.' — Polyolbion, vol. iv. p. 376. I conceive the shrillness to have arisen 
 from over-blowing, or else the following quotation will appear contradic- 
 tory: — 
 
 ' A Shawnie maketh a swete sounds, for he tunythe the basse, 
 It mountithe not to hye, but Jcepithe rule and space. 
 Yet yf it be blown withe to vehement a wynde, 
 It makithe it to mysgoverne out of his kynde.' 
 " This is one of the 'proverbis' that were written about the time of Henry VII., 
 on the walls of the Manor House at Leckingfield, near Beverley, Yorkshire, 
 anciently belonging to the Percys, Earls of Northumberland, but now de- 
 stroyed. There were other proverbs relating to music and musical instru- 
 ments (harp, lute, recorder, claricorde, clarysymbaUis, virgynaUs, clarion, 
 organ, singing, and musical notation), and the inscribing them on the walls 
 adds another to the numberless proois of the estimation in which the art was 
 held. A manuscript copy of them is preserved in MS. Bibl. Keg. 18, D. 11, 
 Brit. Mus." 
 
 * Among Henry VIII. 's instruments were " Gitteron Pipes of ivory or 
 wood; called Cornets." The Comet described by Mersenne (the French writer 
 on musical instruments) is of a bent shape like the segment of a large circle 
 
8 The 7 presents of the 7 Gods and Goddesses 
 
 that held on while her Maiestie pleazaunbly so passed from 
 
 thence toward the Castl gate : whearunto, from the baze 
 
 Coourt, ouer a dry valley cast into a good foorm, waz thear 
 
 framed a fayre Bridge of a twentie foot wide^ and 
 
 e on ge. ^ seauenty foot long, graueld for treading, railed 
 Seauen pair on either part with seauen posts on a side, that 
 o pos s. stood a twelue foot a sunder, thikned betweene with 
 well proportioned Pillars turnd. 
 
 Vpon the first payr of posts were set too cumly square 
 
 wyre cagez, each a three foot long, too foot wide and hy : 
 
 in them, line Bitters, Curluz, Shoouelarz, Hearsheawz^, God- 
 
 witz, and such like deinty Byrds, of the prezents of 
 
 %zeZ Syluanus, the God of foul. 
 
 On the second payr, too great Syluerd BoUz, 
 featly apted too the purpoze, filde with Applz, Pearz, Oher- 
 riz, Filberdz, Walnuts, fresh vpon their braunchez, and with 
 Oringes, Poungarnets^, Lemmanz, and Pipinz, all ' for the 
 Pomona, giftz of Pomona, Goddes of frui[t]ez. 
 [tp. 12.1 ^^^^ third pair of posts, in too such syluerdf Bollz, 
 had (all in earz, green and old) Wheat, Barly, 
 Ceres. 3. Ootz, Beanz, and Peaz, az the gifts of Ceres. 
 
 The fourth Post on the leaft hand, in a like syluered Boll, 
 had Grapes in Clusters, whyte and red, gracitied with their 
 Vine leauez : the match post against it had a payree of 
 great whyte syluer lyuery Pots for wyne : and before them 
 two glassez of good capacitie fiUd full : the ton with whyte 
 Wine, the two other with claret : so fresh of coolor, and of 
 looke so louely smiling to the eyz of many, that by my feith 
 mee thought by their leering they could haue foound in 
 their harts (az the euening was hot) to haue kist them sweet- 
 lie, and thought it no sin : and theez for the potencial pre- 
 Bacchus. 4. zents of Bacchus the God of wine. 
 
 The fift payr had, each a fair large trey streawd 
 a littP with fresh grass, and in them, Coonger*, Burt^, Mullet, 
 
 gradually tapering from the bottom to the mouthpiece. The comet was of a 
 loud sound, but in skilful hands could be modulated so as to resemble the 
 tones of the himian voice. — Chappell, i. 248, note a: see also p. 631. 
 
 * Bitterns, curlews, shovellers, heronshaws (or herons). "^ Pomegranates. 
 ^ Nichols, copying a Bodleian edition, leaves out ' a Httl :' ed. 1788, vol. i. p. 9. 
 
 * Conger is nothing but a sea-eele, of a white, sweet, and fatty flesh : little 
 Congers are taken in great plenty in the Severn, betwixt Glocester and 
 Tewkesbury, b7it the great ones keep onely in the salt seas, which are whiter- 
 flesht and more tender. — Dr. Bonnet's ed. of Muffett's Healths Improvement, 
 p. 149. 
 
 * Fr. Limaude, f. A Burt or Bret fish. — Cotgrave. ' Ehomhi. Turbuts . . some 
 
to Queen Elizabeth, on the Bridge. 9 July, 1575. 9 
 
 fresh Herring, Oisters, Samon_, Creuis^, and such like, from 
 
 Neptu- Neptunus, God of the Sea. 
 
 nus. 5. On the sixth payr of Posts wear set two ragged 
 
 stauez^ of syluer, as my Lord giuez them in armz, 
 beautifully glittering of armour thereupon depending, Bowz, 
 ftp 13 1 ^rroz, Spearz, Sheeld, Head pees. Gorget, Corse- 
 Mars 6 flets, Swoords, Targets, and such like, for Mars 
 
 gifts, the God of war. And the aptlyer (me thought) 
 waz it that thooz ragged staues supported theez Martiall 
 prezents, as well becauz theez staues by their tines^ seem 
 naturallie meete for the bearing of armoour, as also that 
 they chiefly in this place might take vpon them principall 
 protection of her highnes Parson, that so benignly pleazed 
 her to take herb our. 
 
 On the seauenth Posts*, the last and next too the Castl, 
 wear thear pight^^, too faer Bay braunchez of a fourfoot hy, 
 adourned on all sides with Lutes, VioUz, Shallmz^, Cornets, 
 
 Flutes, Recorders'^ and Harpes, as the prezents of 
 oe ua. 7. pj^oebus, the God of Muzik, for reioysing the mind, 
 and also of Phizik, for health to the body. 
 
 call the Sea-Pheasant . . whilst they he young . . they are called Butts." — 
 Muffett, p. 173, in Babees Book, p. 167, and see p. 231 ib. 
 
 1 Crayfish, or crab. See Babees Book, pp. 158, 159, 166, 174, 216, 231, 281. 
 ^ The Kagged Staff was the well-known badge of the house of the king- 
 maker Warwick. — See my Political Meligious and Love-Foems (E. B. Text Soc. 
 1866) p. xii and 3 :— 
 
 An E.. for ]>s Raged staf }jat no man may askape ; 
 from Scotloude to Calles >erof they stonde in awe ; 
 he is a stafe of stedfastnes bothe erly and latte 
 To chastea siche kaytifes as don against \>e lawe. 
 
 Also the passage there quoted from the Cotton Eolls, ii. 23, in Wright's Poli- 
 tieal Songs, Kolls Series, vol. ii. p. 222 : — 
 
 The Bere (Warwik) is bound that was so wild, 
 ffor he hath lost hia ragged staffe. 
 
 .Elizabeth's entertainer. Sir Robert Dudley, K.G., Earl of Leicester, was the 
 younger son of John Dudley, 19th Earl of Warwick, created Duke of Northum- 
 berland, 11th Oct. 1551, K.Gr. attainted and beheaded 1553. — Nicolas' s Peer- 
 age, p. 369, 678. 
 
 ' tines, short pricks of an antler, prongs of a fork. ■* t. i. pair of posts. 
 
 * Pitched, placed: pret. oipicehen to pitch, fix. ^ See note, p. 7. 
 
 7 See "The Genteel Companion for the Eecorder," by Humphery Salter, 
 1683. Eecorders and (English) Flutes are to outward appearance the same, 
 although Lord Bacon, in his Natural History, cent. iii. sec. 221, says the Ee- 
 corder hath a less bore, and a greater above and below. The number of holes 
 for the fingers is the same, and the scale, the compass, and the manner of 
 playing, the same. Salter describes the recorder from which the instrument 
 derives its name, as situate in the upper part of it, i. e. between the hole below 
 the mouth, and the highest hole for the finger. He says, " Of the kinds of 
 
10 The Gods' Poem of Welcome to Queen Elizabeth. 
 
 Ouer the Castl gate was there fastened a Tabl, beauti- 
 fully garnisht abooue with her highness armes, and featlie 
 with luy wreathz boordred aboout : of a ten foot square : the 
 ground blak, whearupon, in large white Oapitall Roman, fayr 
 written, a Poem men cloning theez Gods and their giftes 
 thus prezented vntoo her highness : which, becauz it re- 
 mained vnremooued, at leyzure & pleaze^ I took it oout, as 
 foloeth : 
 
 [P-14-] AT) MAIE8TATEM BEGIAM.^ 
 
 Inciter hue certos cernens te tendere gressus, 
 Coelicolas pkinceps actutum conuocat omnes : 
 Ohseqvium jprcestare iubet tibi quenqvie benignum. 
 Vnde suas Syluanus aues, Pomonaque frudus, 
 Alma Geres fruges, hilar antia vina lAoeus, 
 Neptunus Pisces, tela ^ tutantia Manors, 
 Suaue melos Phoebus, solidam longamque salutem. 
 Dij TIBI REGiNA hcEc {cum SIS dignissima) prebent : 
 H(Bc TIBI cum Domino dedit se 8f werda Kenelmi. 
 
 All the letterz that mention her Maiesty, which heer I 
 put capitall, for reuerens and honor, wear thear made in 
 goUd. 
 
 But the night well spent, for that theez versez by Torch- 
 light coold not easily bee read, by a Poet thearfore in a 
 long ceruleoous^ garment, with a side* and wide sleeuez Vene- 
 
 music, vocal has always had the preference in esteem and in consequence, the 
 Recorder, as approaching nearest to the sweet delightfulness of the voice, ought to 
 have first place in opinion, as we see by the imiversal use of it confirmed." 
 The Hautboy is considered now to approach most nearly to the human voice, 
 and Mr. Ward, the military instrument manufacturer, informs me that he has 
 seen " old English Flutes " with a hole bored through the side, in the upper 
 part of the instrument, the holes being covered with a thin piece of skin, like 
 gold-beater's skin. I suppose this would give somewhat the effect of the 
 quill or reed in the Hautboy, and that these were Recorders. In the pro- 
 verbs at Leckingfield (quoted ante, note b, p. 35), the Recorder is described as 
 "desiring" the mean part, but manifold fingering and stops bringeth high 
 (notes) from its clear tones. This agrees with Salter's book. He tells us 
 the high notes are produced by placing the thumb half over the hole at the 
 back, and blowing a little stronger. Recorders were used for teaching birds to 
 pipe. — ChappelVs Pop. Music, i. 246, note a. See Notes at the end. 
 
 * ? not pleasure, 'hut place : 'time and place suiting.' 
 
 2 We learn from Gascoigne (^Princely Pleasures, p. 10-11) that these verses 
 were written by M. Paten. — Nichols, i. 433. 
 
 3 Azure-blue, or sky-colour, from the Latin ceruleus. Anciently, blue 
 dresses were worn by all servants. — See Strutt. £urn, p. 97 ; Nichols, i. 434. 
 
 * Side, or sijde, in the North of England, and in Scotland, is used for long, 
 
A Poet reads the Poem. The Queen alights. 9 July, 1575. 11 
 
 cian wize^j drawen vp to his elboz^ liis Dooblet sleeuez vnder 
 that, Crimzen, nothing but silke : a Bay garland on hiz head, 
 and a skro^ in his hand, making first an humble obeizaunz at 
 her highness cummyng, and pointing vntoo euerie prezent 
 az hee spake : the same wear pronounced.^ Pleazauntly thus 
 rtp 15 1 viewing the giftes az fshe past, & hoow the posts 
 might agree with the speech of the Poet, at the 
 eend of the bridge & entree of the gate waz her highnes 
 receiued with a fresh delicate armony of Flutz, in perfour- 
 mauns of Phoebus prezents. 
 
 So passing intoo the inner Coourt, her Maiesty (that 
 neuer ridez but alone) thear set doun from her Pallfree, waz 
 
 when applied to the garment ; and the word has the same signification in 
 Anglo-Saxon £ind Islandic or Danish : — 
 
 " The Erie Jamys with his Eowte hale 
 Thare gert stent thare Pavillownys, 
 And for the Hete tuk on si/d Gwnys." 
 
 Wyntown's Chronicle, vol. ii. 339. 
 
 The wide and long-pocketed sleeve, called by heralds the manche, was much 
 in fashion in the reign of Henry IV. Stowe, in his Chronicle, p. 327, temp. 
 Henry IV., says, " This time was used exceeding pride in garments, gownes 
 with deepe and hroade sleeves commonly called poke sieves, the servants ware 
 them as well as their masters, which might well have been called receptacles 
 of the devil, for what they stole, they hid in their sleeves, whereof some hung 
 down to the feete, and at least to the knees, full of cuts and jagges. Again, 
 in Fitzherhert's " Book of Hushandrie," is the following passage : — 
 
 " Theyr cotes be so si/de that they be fayno to tucke them up when they 
 ride, as women do theyr kyrtels when they go to the market." 
 
 Of these Hoccleve, a master of that age, says : — 
 
 Nor has this land less need of brooms 
 To sweep the filth out of the street, 
 Sen side-sleeves of pennyless grooms 
 Will Uck it up be't dry or wet. 
 Camden's Remains ; Peck's Desiderata Curiosa, xv. No. II. § 51. — 
 Kenilworth Illustrated, Appendix, p. 11 ; and Nichols, i. 434. 
 
 ' Cp. on the enormously wide Venetian breeches or hose, Stubbes's Anato- 
 mic, in Nares, and the eleventh song in Thomas Heywood's Eape of Lucrece : — 
 
 The Spaniard loves his ancient slop. 
 The Lumbard his Venetian. 
 
 Percy MS. Loose Songs, p. 76. 
 The wide sleeve is spoken of by Peacham, says Fairholt {Costume in England, 
 p. 211, note), ' " the wide saucy sleeve that would be in every dish before their 
 master, with buttons as big as tablemen ;" similar to the " men " now used for 
 draughts.' ' Peacham also tells us that " long stockings without garters, then 
 was the Earl of Leicester's fashion, and theirs who had the handsomest leg." ' 
 
 2 scroll. 
 
 3 Gascoigne gives 13 other lines of Latin verse, — different from Mr. Paten's, 
 — which he says ' were devised by Master Muncaster. . . I am not very sure 
 whether these or Master Paten's were pronounced by the Author, but they 
 were all to one eflfect.' — Princely Pleasures, ed. 1821, p. 11. 
 
12 Sunday, July \Q. Service, dancing, fireworks. 
 
 conueied vp to chamber : when aftei% did folio so great a 
 peal of gunz^ and such, lightning by fyr work a long space 
 toogither^ as lupiter woold sheaw himself too bee n^o further 
 behind with hiz welcum, then the rest of liiz Gods : and that 
 woold hee haue all the countrie to kno : for indeed the noiz 
 and flame wear heard and seene a twenty myle of. Thus 
 much. Master Martin, (that I remember me) for the first daiz 
 ' Bien venu/ Be yee not wery, for I am skant in the midst 
 of my matter. 
 
 Sunday ^^ Sunday : the forenoon occupied (az for the 
 
 Sabot day) in quiet and vacation from woork, & in 
 diuine seruis & preaching at the parish church : The after- 
 noon, in excelent muzik of sundry swet instruments, and in 
 dauncing^ of Lordes and Ladiez, and oother woorshipfuU de- 
 r. jg-i grees, vttered with such liuely agilitee & commend- 
 abl grace, faz, whither it moought be more straunge 
 too the eye, or pleazunt too the minde, for my part indeed I 
 coold not discern : but exceedingly well waz it (me thought) 
 in both. 
 
 At night late, az though lupiter the last night had forgot 
 for biziness, or forborn for curtezy & quiet, part of hiz well- 
 coom vntoo her highness appointed : noow entring^ at the 
 fyrst intoo hiz purpoze moderately (az mortallz doo) with a 
 warning peec 6v too, preceding on with encres ; at last the 
 Altitonant displeaz^ me hiz mayn poour : with blaz of burn- 
 ing darts, flying too & fro, leamz* of starz coruscant, streamz 
 and hail of firie sparkes, lightninges of wildfier a water and 
 lend, flight & shoot of thunderboltz : al with such counti- 
 nauns, terror, and vehemencie, that the heauins thundred, 
 the waters scourged, the earth shooke : and in such sort 
 surly, az, had we not bee [n] assured of ^ the fulmieant deitee 
 waz all hot in amitee, and could not otherwize witnesse hiz 
 welcomming vnto her highnesse, it woold haue made mee, 
 
 ^ Compare Stutbes on dancing on Sundays. " But otlier some spend the 
 sabaoth day for the most part in frequenting of baudie stage-playes and enter- 
 ludes, in maintaining Lords of Misrule (for so they call a certaine kinde of 
 play which they use), may-games, church-ales, feasts, and wakesses : in 
 pyping, dauncing, dicing, carding, bowling, tennisse-playing ; in beare-bayting, 
 cock-fighting, hawking, hunting, and such like . . . Anatomie of Abuses, 1st 
 ed. 1583, Collier's reprint, p. 130. See also Stubbes's most amusing chapter on 
 "The horrible Vice of pestiferous dauncing, used in Ailgna," ib. p. 150-168 ; 
 and his next chapter " Of Musick in Ailgna, and how it allureth to vanitie," 
 p. 168-172. 
 
 ^ Orig. entrins. 3 displays. 
 
 * A. Sax. leoma, a ray of light, a beam, light, flame. — BoswortJi. ^ ? that. 
 
Monday, July 11. The Hunting of the Hart. 13 
 
 for my part, az hardy az I am^ very veangeably afeard. This 
 a-doo lasted while [t]he midnight waz past, that well waz 
 mee soon after when I waz cought^ in my Cabayn. And 
 [tpage 17.] thiz for fthe secund day. 
 
 Munday, 3. Munday waz hot; and thearfore her highnesse kept 
 in a till a fine a clok in the eeuening : what time 
 it pleazzd her too ryde foorth into the Ohase^ too hunt the 
 The huwt- Hart of fors^ : which foound anon, and after sore 
 ing of the chased, and chafed by the hot pursuit of the 
 Hart of hooundes, waz fain, of fine fors, at last to take soil.'* 
 ^''''^- Thear to beholld the swift fleeting of the Deer 
 
 afore, with the stately cariage of hiz head in hiz swymming, 
 spred (for the quantitee) lyke the sail of a ship : the 
 hoounds harroing after, az they had bin a number of skiphs^ 
 too the spoyle of a karuelP : the ton no lesse eager in pur- 
 chaz of hiz pray, then waz the other earnest in sauegard of 
 hiz life : so az the earning''' of the hoounds in continuauns of 
 their crie, the swiftnes of the Deer, the running of footmen, 
 the galloping of horsez, the blasting of hornz, the halloing & 
 hewing^ of the huntsmen,^ with the excellent Echoz between 
 whilez from the woods and waters in valleiz resounding, 
 mooued pastime delectabl in so hy a degree, az for ony 
 
 * ? coft, cofi&ned, coffered, shut up as in a coffer. 
 ^ See Notes at the end. 
 
 •"* fors, Fr. force, force, might, strength, power, abilitie, vigour. — Cotgrave. 
 
 * A term used iu hunting, when a deer runs into the water. — See FhilUps ; 
 Burn, p. 97 ; Nichols, i. 435. See note 2, p. 33 below. 
 
 * Lat. scapha, a boat ; Fr. esquif, a Skiffe, or little boat. — Cotgrave. 
 
 ^ At the lengthe, three shyppes were appoynted hym [Columbus] at the 
 kinges charges : of the which one was a great caracte ^dth deckes : and the 
 other twoo were light marchaunte shj^ppes without deckes, whiche the 
 Spaniardes call Garauelas. — Arber's reprint of Feter Martyr's Decades, bk. i. 
 p. 65. Sp. carobela, a small ship, called a caruell. — Minsheiv. ' A Carvel, or 
 Caravel, was a species of light round vessel, with a square stern, rigged and 
 fitted out like a galley, and of about 140 tons burthen. Such ships were for- 
 merly much used by the Portuguese, and were esteemed the best sailers on the 
 seas. See Phillips.' — Burn, p. 97 ; Nichols, i. 435. 
 
 7 baying, connected with Lat. hirrire, Welsh hyrrio, Engl, harr, to snarl. 
 — See Wedgwood's Diet, under ire and irritate, and my Notes, p. 63 &c. 
 
 8 Cp. our ' hue and cry.' Fr. hiier, to hoot, shout, exclaime, cry out, make 
 hue and cry. — Cotgrave. See also Wedgwood. 
 
 9 Tourberville, in the " Noble Art of Venerie, or Hunting," 4to. Lend. 1611, 
 has an entire chapter of " certaiae observations and subtelties to be used by 
 Huntsmen in hunting an Hart at force," and gives us the words of encoui'age- 
 ment to the hounds as follows : — 
 
 " Hyke a Talbot, or Hylce a Bewmont, Hyke, Hyke, to him, to him 
 There he goeth, that's he, that's he, to him, to him ! 
 
14 Monday, July 11. Stag-hunt, Savage Man, and Echo. 
 
 parson to take pleazure by moost sensez at onez, in mine 
 r . jg 1 opinioTi thear can be none ony wey comparable to 
 this ; And speciall in ftbis place, tbat of nature iz 
 foormed so feet for the purpose : in feitb. Master Martin, if ye 
 coold with a wisb, I woold ye had been at it ! Wei, the Hart 
 waz kild, a goodly Deer ; but so ceast not the game yet. 
 
 For aboout nien a clock, at the hither part of the Chase, 
 whear torchlight attended : oout of the woods, in her Mai- 
 
 estiez return, rooughly came thear foorth Hombre 
 The sauage galuagio^, with an Oken plant pluct vp by the roots 
 
 in hiz hande, himself forgrone^ all in moss and luy : 
 who, for parsonage, gesture, and vtterauns beside, coounten- 
 aunst^ the matter too very good liking, and had speech to 
 effect: "That continuing so long in theez wilde wastes, 
 whearin oft had he fared both far and neer, yet hapt hee 
 neuer to see so glorioous an assemble afore : and noow cast 
 intoo great grief of mind, for that neyther by himself coold 
 hee gess, nor knew whear else to bee taught, what they 
 should be, or whoo bare estate. Reports sum had he hard 
 of many straunge thinges, but brooyled thearby so mooch 
 the more in desire of knoledge. Thus in great pangz be- 
 thought he & cald he vpon all his familiarz & companio?iz : 
 rtpaee 19 1 *^® Fawnz, the Satyres, the Nymphs, the fDryardes, 
 
 and the Hamadryades ; but none making aunswear, 
 whearby hiz care the more encreasing, in vtter grief & ex- 
 treem refuge calld hee allowd at last after hiz olid freend 
 Echo Echo, that he wist would hyde nothing from him*, but 
 tel him all if she wear heer." " Heer " (quoth Echo.) 
 " Heer, Echo, and art thou thear? (sayz he) Ah, hoow mooch 
 
 To him, boyes, counter, to him, to him ! 
 Talbot, a Talbot, a Talbot !" 
 
 " Such is the cry, 
 " And such th' harmonious din, the soldier deems 
 The battle kindling, and the statesman grave 
 Forgets his weighty cares ; each age, each sex, 
 In the wild transport joins !" — Somermlle, in Nichols, i. 436. 
 
 * Bp. Percy mistakes his appellation of the print at the end of the third 
 volume of his Old Ballads ; it being the hombre salvaggio of Laneham. — Nichols, 
 i. 436. 
 
 2 For, before . . the radical meaning is ' in front of ' . . For in composition 
 has the meaning of ' out, without,' . . to forget is to away-get, to lose from 
 memory . . In French we have forjeter to jut out. — Wedgwood, n. 82. For- 
 grown, grown away, grown over. 
 
 ^ Fr. contenancer, to . . grace, maintaine, give countenance vnto ; also, to 
 frame, or set the face handsomely ; to give it a gracefuU and constant garbe. 
 — Cotgrave. * Grig. hiw. 
 
Monday, July 11. The Savage Man and Echo. 15 
 
 hast thou relieued my carefuU spirits with thy curtezy on- 
 ward ! Aj my good Echo, heer iz a marueiloouz prezenz of 
 dignitee ! what are they, I pray thee ? who iz Souerain ? tell 
 me, I beseech thee, or elz hoow moought I kuo T' " I kno " 
 (quoth shee) . " Knoest thou V sayz hee : " Mary, that iz ez- 
 ceedingly well : why then, I dezire thee hartily to sho mee what 
 Maiestie (for no mean degree iz it) haue wee heer : a King 
 or a Queen ?" "A Queen" (quoth Echo.) " A Queen?" sayez 
 hee. Pauzing and wisely viewing a while, '^noow full certeynlie 
 seemez thy tale to be true.'^ And proceeding by this maner 
 of dialog, with an earnest beholding her highnes a while, re- 
 counts he first hoow iustly that foormer reports agree with 
 hiz present sight : toouching the beautifuU linaments of 
 coountinauns, the cumly proportion of body, the prinsly 
 r . 20 1 grace of prezenz, the graciouz giftz fof nature, with 
 
 the rare and singular qualities of both body and 
 mind in her Maiesty conioynd, and so apparant at ey. Then 
 shortly rehearsing Saterdaiz acts : of Sibils salutation, of the 
 Porters proposition, of hiz Trumpetoours muzik, of the Lake 
 ladiez oration, of the seauen Gods seauen prezents : hee re- 
 porteth the incredibl ioy that all estatez in the land haue 
 allweyz of her highnes whear so euer it^ cums : eendeth with 
 presage and prayer of perpetuall felicitee, and with humbl 
 subiection of him andhizzen^, & all that they may do. After 
 this sort the matter went with littl differens, I gesse, sauing 
 only in this point : that the thing which heer I report in 
 vnpolisht proez, waz thear pronounced in good meeter and 
 matter, very wel indighted in rime. Echo finely framed 
 most aptly by answerz thus to vtter all.^ And I shall tell 
 yoo, master Martin, by the mass, of a mad auenture : az thiz 
 Sauage, for the more submissio??-, brake hiz tree a sunder, 
 kest the top from him, it had allmost light vpon her highnes 
 hors head : whereat he startld, and the gentlman mooch dis- 
 mayd. See the benignitee of the Prins, az the foot men lookt 
 well too the hors, and hee of Generositee fsoon callmd 
 rtp 21 1 ^^ ^^°^ ^^^' " -^"-^ hurt, no hurt V quoth her highnes. 
 
 Which words, I promis yoo, wee wear all glad to 
 heer, & took them too be the best part of the play. 
 
 * ? she. ^ his'n, gen. plur. of his. 
 
 3 The speech of the Savage man, and his dialogue with Echo, all in verse, 
 'devised, penned and pronounced by Master Gascoyne,' are given in hia 
 Trincelye Pleasures, p. 12-21, ed. 1^21.— Nichols, i. 437. 
 
16 July 12) Music. July IS, Staff -hunt. July 14:, Bear-baiting. 
 
 ™ . , . Tuisday, pleazaunt passing of the time with 
 
 muzik & daunsyng : sauing that toward night it 
 liked her Maiesty too walk a foot into the Chase ouer the 
 Bridge : whear it pleased her to stand, while vpon the Pool, 
 oout of a Barge fine appoynted for the purpoze, too heer 
 sundry kinds of very delectabl Muzik. Thus recreated, & 
 after sum wallk, her highnes returned. 
 "Wedns 5 Wednsday, her Maiesty rode intoo the chase a 
 
 hunting again of the hart offers. The Deer, after hiz 
 property, for refuge took the soyl : but [was] so masterd by 
 hote pursuit on al parts, that he was taken quik in the pool : 
 
 the watermen held him vp hard by the hed, while 
 pardoned ^* ^^^ highnes commaundemewt he lost hiz earz 
 
 for a raundsum, and so had pardon of lyfe. 
 Thursday 6 Thursday, the foourteenth of this luly, and the 
 syxth day of her Maiestyez cumming: a great 
 sort of ba?idogs^ whear thear tyed in the vtter Coourt, and 
 
 thyrteen bearz^ in the inner. Whoosoeuer made 
 of Beara ^^® pannell, thear wear inoow for a Queast, & ■\onQ 
 rt 2'> ^ ^^^ challenge, & need wear. A wight of great wiz- 
 
 doom and grauitee seemed their forman to be, 
 
 ' Bewick describes the Ban-dog as being a variety of the mastifif, but 
 lighter, smaller, and more vigilant ; although at the same time not so power- 
 ful. The nose is also less, and possesses somewhat of the hound's scent ; the 
 hair is rough, and of a yellowish-grey colour, marked with shades of black. 
 The bite of a Ban-dog is keen, and considered dangerous ; and its attack is 
 usually made upon the flank. Dogs of this kind are now rarely to be met 
 with. — Burn, p. 98 ; Kenilivorth Illustrated, App. 14 ; Nichols, i. 438. 
 
 2 Bear-baitings were at this time not only considered as suitable exhibitions 
 before the Queen and her nobles, but the amusement was imder the particular 
 patronage of her Majesty. An Order of Privy Council, in July 1591, pro- 
 hibits the exhibition of Plays on Thursdays, because on Thursdays bear- 
 baiting, and such like pastimes, had been usually practised ; and an injunc- 
 tion to the same effect was sent to the Lord Mayor, wherein it is stated, that 
 "in divers places the players do use to recite their plays to the great hurt and 
 destruction of the game of bear-baiting, and like pastimes, which are main- 
 tained for her Majesty's pleasure." — When confined at Hatfield House, Eliza- 
 beth and her sister Mary were recreated with a grand exhibition of bear- 
 baiting, "with which their Highnesses were right well content." (Warton's 
 Life of Sir Thomas Pope, sect. iii. p. 85.) The French Ambassadors were, 
 soon after her ascension of the throne, entertained with bear and bull-baiting , 
 and she stood to see the exhibition until six in the evening. A similar exhibi- 
 tion took place the next day at Paris-garden for the same party. The Danish 
 Ambassador, twenty-seven years afterwards, was entertained by a like spec- 
 tacle at Greenwich. The Bear-gardens on the Bankside are too well known 
 to be noticed here, further than to mention that Crowley, a poet [parson 
 and printer] in the time of Henry VIII. describes them as then existing, 
 that they exhibited on Sundays, and the price of admission to Paris-garden 
 was one halfpenny. — Kenilworth Illustrated, App., 14 ; Nichols, i. 438. 
 
Thursday, July 14. Bearbaiting before the Queen, 17 
 
 had it cum to a lury : But it fell oout that they wear cauzd 
 too appeer thear vpon no such matter, but onlie too aun- 
 swear too an auncient quarrell between them and the ban- 
 dogs, in a cause of controuersy that hath long depended, 
 been obstinatly full often debated with sharp and byting 
 arguments a both sydes, and coold neuer bee decided : 
 grown noow too so marueyloous a mallys, that with spiteful! 
 obrayds and vncharitabl chaffings alweiz they freat, az far 
 az any whear the ton can heer, see, or smell the toother : and 
 indeed at vtter deadly fohod.^ Many a maymd member, 
 (God wot,) blody face, & a torn cote, hath the quarrell cost 
 betweene them ; so far likely the lesse yet noow too be ap- 
 peazd, az thear wants not partakerz too bak them a both 
 sidez. 
 
 WeU, syr, the Bearz wear brought foorth intoo the Coourt, 
 the Dogs set too them, too argu the points eeuen face too 
 face : they had leamd coounsell allso a both parts : what, 
 may they be coounted parciall that are retaind but a to^ syde ? 
 ftp 23 1 -^ ween no. Very feers, both ton and toother, & 
 feager in argument : if the dog in pleadyng woold 
 pluk the bear by the throte, the bear with trauers woould 
 claw him again by the skalp, confess & a list, but a-voyd a 
 coold not, that waz bound too the bar : and hiz coounsell 
 toUd him that it coold bee too him no poUecy in pleading. 
 
 Thearfore thus, with fending & proouing, with plucking & 
 tugging, skratting^ & byting, by plain tooth & nayll a to 
 side & toother, such exspews of blood & leather waz thear 
 between them, az a moonths licking (I ween) wyl not re- 
 coouer : and yet remain az far oout az euer they wear. 
 
 It waz a sport very pleazaunt, of theez beastz : to see 
 the bear with hiz pink nyez* leering after hiz enmiez ap- 
 proch, the nimblness & wayt^ of the dog too take hiz auaun- 
 tage, and the fors & experiens of the bear agayn to auoyd 
 the assauts : if he wear bitten in one place, hoow he woold 
 pynch in an oother too get free : that if he wear taken onez, 
 then what shyft, with byting, with clawyng, with roring, toss- 
 ing & tumbling, he woold woork too wynde hym self from 
 them : and when he waz lose, to shake hiz earz twyse or 
 thryse wyth the blud & the slauer aboout hiz fiz- 
 [tp. 24.] namy, waz fa matter of a goodly releef.^ 
 
 * foehood, feud. - on one. ^ scrat, to scratch. — Brockett's Gloss. 
 
 * See Notes at the end. * watch. 
 
 * So evidently thought also the nobles of Elizabeth's cotirt (p. 16, note 2), 
 
 C 
 
18 Thursday, July 14. Fireworks. An Italian Tumbler, 
 
 Gunshot & ^^ ^^^ sport waz had a day time in tlie Castl, so 
 fyre-work. waz thear abrode at night very straunge and sun- 
 dry kindez of fier works^, compeld by cunning too 
 fly too and fro, and too moount very hy intoo the ayr^ vp- 
 ward, and allso too burn vnquenshabl in the water beneath : 
 contrary, yee wot, too fyerz kinde. This, intermingld with 
 a great peal of guns : which all gaue, both too the ear and 
 to the ey, the greater grace and delight, for that with such 
 order and art they wear tempered toouching^ time and con- 
 tinuauns, that waz about too houres space. 
 Tumbling Noow within allso in the mean time waz thear 
 of the sheawed before her highnes, by an Italian, such 
 Italian. feats of agilitiee, in goinges, turninges, tumblinges, 
 castinges, hops, iumps, leaps, skips, springs, gambaud*, 
 soomersauts, caprettiez^ and flights : forward, backward, 
 syde wize, a doownward, vpward, and with sundry windings, 
 gyrings^, and circumflexions : allso lightly, and with such 
 easines, az by mee in feaw words it iz not expressibl by pen 
 or speech, I tell yoo plain. I bleast me, by my faith, to be- 
 hold him, and began to doout whither a waz a man or a 
 
 whose ' moral grace ' Mr. Froude holds has departed, and is not with us Victo- 
 rians. 8ho7-t Studies on great Subjects quoted in the Forewords to my Queene 
 \Mizabethes Achademy. (E. E. Text Soc. 1869). Set beside the moral grace that 
 delighted in bear-baiting, the opinion of the old puritan Stubbes in 1583, whom 
 the gracious nobles would have no doubt called a coarse and vulgar brute : "is 
 not the baiting of a bear besides that it is a filthie, stinking, and lothsome 
 game, a daungerous and perilous exercyse ? wherein a man is in daunger of 
 his life every minut of an howre ; which thing, though it weare not so, yet 
 what exercyse is this meet for any Christian ? What Christen heart can take 
 pleasure to see one poore beast to-rent, teare, and kill another, and all for his 
 foolish pleasure ? And although they be bloody beasts to mankind, and seeke 
 his destruction, yet we are not to abuse them, for his sake who made them, 
 and whose creatures they are .... And some, who take themselves for no 
 small fooles, are so farre assotted that they will not stick to keep a dozen or a 
 score of great mastives and bandogs, to their no small charges, for the main- 
 tenance of this goodly game (forsooth) ; and wil not make anie bones of xx. 
 xl. c. pound at once to hazard on a bait, with " feight dog," " feight beare," 
 (say thej'), "the devill part aU !" And, to be plaine, I thinke the devill is 
 the maister of the game, beareward and all. A goodly pastime, forsooth ! 
 worthie of commendation ! and wel fitting these gentlemen of such reputa- 
 tion!" — Anatomie of Abuses, ed. 1583, Collier's reprint, p. 177-8. 
 
 * See Nichols, vol. i. p. 319, under the year 1572, when Fireworks were in- 
 troduced for the Queen's amusement at Warwick. — N. 
 
 2 Orig. ayz. ^ Orig. coouching. 
 
 * Gambade, a gamboll, yew-game, tumbling-tricke. Gambader, to turne 
 heeles ouer head, make many gambols, fetch many friskes, shew tumbling 
 tricks. — Cotgrave. 
 
 * Capriot, a caper in dauncing. — Cotgrave. Sp. capriola, a caper or lofty 
 tricke in dauncing. — Minsheu. * L. gyrus, a circle, circuit. 
 
Thursday, July 14. Men of the Happy Island. 19 
 
 ftp 25 1 spirite ; and I ween had fdoouted mee till this day, 
 had it not been that anon I bethought me of men 
 that can reazon & talk with too toongs, and with too parsons 
 at onez, sing like burds, curteiz of behauiour, of body strong, 
 and in ioynts so nymbl withall, that their bonez seem az 
 lythie and plyaunt az syneuz. They dwel in a happy Hand 
 (az the booke tearmz it) four moonths sayling Southward 
 beyond Ethiop.^ 
 
 Nay, Master Martin, I tell you no iest : for both 
 Sicul° De Diadorus Siculus, an auncient Greeke historiograph- 
 anti. Egyp- er, in his third book of the acts of the olid Bgyp- 
 tiorum cians^ : and also from him, Conrad Gesnerus^ a great 
 
 1 See Mandeville (from Pliny) on Ethiope, p. 157, ed. 1839. There, are the 
 ' folk that han hut o foote : and thei gon so fast that it is marvaylle : and the 
 foot is so large, that it schadewethe alle the Body ajen the Sonne, whanne 
 thei wole lye and reste hem.' 
 
 2 The reference made in the text to the third book of this author is errone- 
 ous ; the passage alluded to, being in the fourth chapter of the second book, 
 the which, as it tends more perfectly to illustrate Laneham's remarks, is here 
 extracted from Booth's translation of Diodorus Siculus, page 82. "The in- 
 habitants are much unlike to us in this part of the world, both as to their 
 bodies and their way of living ; but among themselves, they are for form and 
 shape like one to another, and in stature about four cubits high (six feet). 
 They can bend and turn their bodies like unto nerves ; and as the nervous 
 parts, after motion ended, return to their former state and position, so do their 
 bones. Their bodies are very tender, but their nerves far stronger than ours, 
 for whatever they grasp in their hands, none are able to wrest out of their 
 fingers. They have not the least hair on any part of their bodies, but upon 
 their heads, eyebrows, eyelids, and chins ; all other parts are so smooth, that 
 not the least down appears anywhere. They are very comely and well- 
 shaped, but the holes of their ears are much wider than ours, and have some- 
 thing like little tongues growing out of them. Their tongues have something 
 in them singular and remarkable, the effect both of nature and art ; for they 
 have partly a double tongue, naturally a little divided, but cut further in- 
 wards by art, so that it forms two, as far as to the very root, and therefore 
 there is great variety of speech among them, and they not only imitate man's 
 voice in articulate speaking, but the various chatterings of birds, and even all 
 sorts of notes, as they please ; and that which is more wonderful than all, 
 is, that they can speak perfectly to two men at once, both in answering to 
 what is said, and aptly carrying on a continued discourse relating to subject- 
 matter in hand ; so that with one part of their tongue they speak to one, and 
 with the other part to the other." Diodorus, surnamed Siculus, because he 
 was born at Argyra in Sicily, flourished about 44 years before the Christian 
 aera. — Burn, p. 98-9 ; Nichols, i. 440. 
 
 ^ An eminent physician, naturalist, and scholar of the 16th century, who 
 was born at Zurich m 1516. He was made Professor of Greek at Lausanne, 
 and at Basil he took the degree of Doctor of Medicine. After having pub- 
 lished many valuable works in Botany, Medicine, Natural History, and Phi- 
 lology, he died of the plague in the year 1565, aged forty-nine. His " Mi- 
 thridates," mentioned in the text, is a work on the difference of tongues 
 throughout the world. — Burn, p. 99; Nichols, i. 441. 
 
 2 
 
20 July 15, 16, rest. Sunday, July 17, a Bride-ale. 
 
 gestis.i learned man, and a very diligent writer in all good 
 ^ ■ ■ arguments of oour time (but deceased), in tlie first 
 
 Mithrid. Chapter of hiz Mithridates reporteth tlie same. Az 
 esnen. ^^^ ^^^^ fellow, I cannot tell wliat too make of him, 
 saue that I may gesse hiz bak be metalld like a Lamprey, 
 that haz no bone^, but a lyne like to a Lute string. 
 
 Wei, syr, let him passe and hiz featz, and this dayz pastime 
 withall; for heer iz az mooch az I can remember mee for 
 Thursdaiz entertainment. 
 
 Friday and Saterday wear thear no open fsheawz 
 S t d 8 ^^^^^^} becauz the weather enclynde too sum 
 (- , 26 V moyster & wynde : that very seazonably temperd 
 
 the drought and the heat cauzed by the continuans 
 of fayr weather & sunshyne afore, all the whyle syns her 
 Maiestiez thither cumming. 
 Sunday 9 ^ Sunday, opportunely, the weather brake vp 
 
 again, and after diuine seruis in the parish church 
 for the Sabot day, and a frutefull sermon thear in the fore- 
 noon : at after noon, in woorship of this Kenelwoorth Castl, 
 and of God & Saint Kenelm^, whooz day forsooth by the cal- 
 Brideale endar this waz : a solem brydeale* of a proper 
 
 coopl waz appointed : set in order in the tyltyard, 
 too cum and make thear sheaw before the Castl in the great 
 
 ^ Oriff. gestia. 
 
 - See Dr. Christ. Bennet's ed. of Muffet's Healths Improvement, 1655, p. 182, 
 in which we find, of Lampreys, and Lamprons, lampreta, Murcence, that 
 " They are best (if ever good) in March and April ; for then they are so fat, 
 that they have, in a manner, no back-bone at all : towards Summer they wax 
 harder, and then they have a manifest hone, hut their flesh is consumed." 
 
 2 See his Life ia my Harly English Poems and Lives of Saints, 1862, p. 47- 
 57. He was king of the March of Wales [see above, p. 4, note], and "Warwick- 
 shire was one of his counties. ' His day is given as July 17 in the Primer of 
 1536, but as Dec. 13 by Butler.'— J:. H. Enowles. 
 
 * As the accoimt of this rustic bride-ale has a considerable share of the ludi- 
 crous mixed up with it, the following description of the procession of a bride 
 of middle rank, from the " History of Jack of Newbury," may not be unac- 
 ceptable : " The bride, being attired in a gown of sheep's russet, and a kirtle 
 of fine worsted, attired with a'billement of gold, and her hair as yellow as gold, 
 hanging down behind her, which was curiously combed and plaited, she was 
 led to church between two sweet boys, with bride laces and rosemary tied 
 about their silken sleeves. There was a fair bride-cup of silver gilt carried be- 
 fore her, wherein was a goodly branch of rosemary, gilded very fair, hung 
 about with silken ribands of all colours. Musicians came next, then a group 
 of maidens, some bearing great bride-cakes, others garlands of wheat finely 
 gilded; and thus they passed unto the church." Out of the bride-cup, 
 above described, it was customary for all the persons present, together with 
 the new-manied couple, to drink in the church. There is a ludicrous re- 
 
Sunday, July 17. The Bride-ale before the Queen. 21 
 
 coourt, whear az waz pight a cumly quintine^ for featz at 
 armz, which, when they had don, too march oout : at the 
 northgate of the Castl, homeward againe intoo the tooun. 
 
 And thus were they marshalld. Fyrst, all the lustie lads 
 and bolld bachelarz of the parish, sutablie euery wight with 
 hiz blu buckeram bridelace^ vpon a braunch of green broom 
 (cauz rozemary^ iz skant thear) tyed on hiz leaft arme (for a 
 Ftp 27.1 *^^^ syde lyez the heart), and hiz allder poll ffor a 
 spear in hiz right hand, in marciall order raunged 
 on a fore, too & too in a rank : sum with a hat, sum in a cap, 
 sum a cote, sum a ierken, sum (for lightnes) in hiz dooblet & 
 hiz hoze, clean trust with a point afore : sum botes & no 
 spurz, he spurz & no boots, and he neyther nother : one a 
 sadel, anoother a pad or a pannell fastened with a cord, for 
 gyrts wear geazon :* and theez too the number of a sixteen 
 
 ference to this in the mad wedding of Catherine and Petruchio, the latter 
 of whom 
 
 Quaff'd off the muscadel, 
 And threw the sops all in the sexton's face. 
 
 The custom, indeed, was universal, from the Prince to the Peasant ; and at 
 the marriage of the Elector Palatine to the daughter of James I. in 1613, we 
 are informed by an eye-witness there was, " in conclusion, a joy pronounced 
 by the King and Queen, and seconded with congratulation of the Lords there 
 present, which crowned with draughts of Ippocras out of a great golden 
 bowle, as an health to the prosperity of the marriage (began by the Prince 
 Palatine and answered by the Princess.) After which were served up, by six 
 or seven Barons, as many bowles filled with wafers, so much of that work was 
 consummate." — Kenilworth Illustrated, App. 16, 17; Nichols, i. 441. 
 
 ' See Brand ii. 102-3, and i. 212 (ed. 1841), referring to many authorities, 
 and quoting Aubrey, Hasted, etc., and Blount, whose Glossographia (5th ed. 
 ed. 1681, 2 years after his death) says " Quintain, a game or sport still in re- 
 quest at Marriages, in some parts of this Nation, specially in Shropshire, the 
 manner now corruptly [as is clear from Laneham's account] thus : A Quintin, 
 Buttress, or thick Plank of "Wood is set fast in the ground of the High-way 
 where the Bride and Bridegroom are to pass ; and Poles are provided, with 
 which the young men run a Tilt on Horse-back ; and he that breaks most 
 Poles, and shews most activity, wins the Garland. But Stow, in his Survey 
 of London, p. 76, says. That in anno 1253, the youthfull Citizens, for an exer- 
 cise of their activity, set forth a game to run at the Quintin ; and whosoever 
 did best, should have a Peacock for prize, etc." Fr. Quintaine : f. A Quin- 
 tane (or Whintane) for countrey youthes to runne at. — Cotgrave, a.d. 1611. 
 
 2 Blue bride-laces were worn at weddings, and given to the guests in the 
 16th and 17th centmies. — Fairholt's Costume in England, p. 520. See examples 
 in Brand, ii. 81, ed. 1841, from Ben Jonson, Herrick, etc. 
 
 3 See Brand, ii. 74 on ' Kosemary and Bays at Weddings.' 
 
 * Geason, scarce: 'scant and geason.' — '3.3iXxisovi!& England, p. 236, in SafH- 
 well's Gloss. Geason, an ancient word signifying rare or scarce. — iSee Phillips. 
 
 " And if we speake of Astronomy, 
 They will say it is a great lye, 
 For they can no other reason ; 
 
22 Sunday, July 1 7. The Bride-ale before the Queen. 
 
 wight^ riding men, and well beseen^ : but tho bridegroom for- 
 most, in biz fatherz tawny worsted iacket^ (for his freends 
 wear fayn tbat be sboold be a brydegroom before tbe Queen) 
 a fayr strawn^ hat, with a capitall crooun steepl wyze on hiz 
 hed : a payr of haruest glouez on hiz hands, az a sign of 
 good husbandry : a pen & inkorn at his bak, for he woold 
 be knowen to be bookish ; lame of a leg, that in his yooth was 
 broken at football"* : wellbelou,ed yet of hiz mother, that lent 
 him a nu mufflar for a napkin, that was tyed too hiz gyrdl 
 for^ lozyng : It was no small sport too marke this miniow in 
 hiz full apointment, that throogh good scoolation becam az 
 formall in his action az had he been a bride groom indeed : 
 rtp 28 1 with this speciall grace by the wey, that euer az fhe 
 woold haue framed him the better countenauns, 
 with the woors face he lookt. 
 
 Well, syr, after theez horsmen, a liuely morisdauns®, ac- 
 
 But all that knoweth. good and better, 
 
 As gentleman that loveth swete and swetter, 
 
 Wisdome with them is not geason," &c. 
 
 Shepheard's Kalendar, sign A. 56. 
 
 * active. ^ clad. ib. ^ straw-en, made of straw. 
 
 * See Stubbes's most amusing account of this Sunday-game, in his Anato- 
 mie of Abuses, p. 184 of Collier's reprint of the 1st ed. 1583 : "as concerning 
 football playing, I protest unto you it may rather be called a frendly kinde of 
 fight, then a play or recreation ; a bloody and miirthering practise, than a 
 felowly sporte or pastime. For dooth not every one lye in waight for his ad- 
 versarie, seeking to overthrowe him, and to picke [= pitch] hiiri on his nose, 
 though it be uppon hard stones ? in ditch or dale, in valley or hil, or what 
 place soever it be, hee careth not, so he have biTn down. And he that can 
 serve the most of this fashion, he is counted the only felow ; and who but he ? 
 So that by this means, sometimes their backs, sometime their legs, sometime 
 their armes ; sometime one part thrust out of joynt, sometime an other ; some- 
 time the noses gush out with blood, sometime their eyes start out, and some- 
 times hurt in one place, sometimes in another. But whosoever scapeth away 
 the best, goeth not scotfree, but is either sore wounded, craised, and bruseed, 
 so as he dyeth of it, or els scapeth very hardly. And no mervaile, for they 
 have the sleights to meet one betwixt two, to dashe him against the hart with 
 their elbowes, to hit him under the short ribbes with their griped fists, and 
 with their knees to catch him upon the hip, and to pitch him on his neck, with 
 a hundred such murdering devices : and hereof groweth envie, malice, ran- 
 cour, cholor, hatred, displeasure, enmitie, and what not els : and sometimes 
 fighting, brawling, contention, quarrel-picking, murther, homicide, and great 
 effusion of blood, as experience dayly teacheth. 
 
 "Is this murthering play, now, an exercise for the sabaoth day ? is this a 
 Christian deaHng, for one brother to mayme and hurt another, and that upon 
 prepensed malice or set purpose ? is this to do to another as we would wish 
 another to doo to us ? God make us more careful over the bodyes of oui 
 brethren !" ^ against, to prevent, losing it. 
 
 ® See 'Morris Dancers' in Brand, i. 142-155, ed. 1841. — Blount's GlossO' 
 graphia, there quoted, gives only six performers, as against Laneham's eight : 
 " Morisco (Span.) a Moor ; also a Dance so called, wherein there were usually 
 
Sunday, July 17. The Bride-ale before the Queen. 23 
 
 cording too the auncient manner_, six daunserz^ Mawdmarion, 
 and the fool. Then^ three prety puzels^ az bright az a breast 
 of bacon, of a thirtie yeere old^ a pees, that carried three 
 speciall spisecakes^ of a bushell of wheat, (they had it by 
 meazure oout of my Lord^s backhouse*,) before the Bryde : 
 Syzely, with set countenauns, and lips so demurely simpring, 
 az it had been a Mare cropping of a thistl. After theez, a 
 loouely loober woorts^, freklfaced, red headed, cleen trust in 
 his dooblet & hiz hoze, taken vp now in deed by commission, 
 for that hee waz so loth to cum forward, for reuerens (belike) 
 of hiz nu cut canuas^ dooblet : & woold by hiz good will haue 
 been but a gazer, but found too bee a meet actor for hiz 
 ofl&s : that waz, to beare the bridecup, foormed of a sweet 
 suckef^ barrell, a faire turnd foot set too it, all seemly be- 
 syluerd and parcelP gilt, adourned with a bea [u] tiful braunch 
 of broom, gayly begilded for rosemary : from which, too 
 brode brydelaces of red and yelloo buckeram begilded, and 
 galauntly streaming by such wind az thear fwaz (for hee 
 r , 29 1 carried it aloft :) This gentl cupbearer yet had hiz 
 freckld fiznemy sumwhat vnhappily infested, az hee 
 went, by the byzy flyez, that floct about the bride cup for 
 the sweetnes of the sucket that it sauored on : but hee, like 
 a tall fello, withstood their mallis stoutly (see what man- 
 hood may do !), bet them away, kild them by scores, stood to 
 hiz charge, and marched on in good order. 
 
 five Men, and a Boy dressed in a Girls habit, whom they call the Maid 
 Marrion . . . Common people call it a Mon-is Dance." Brand's quotation, i. 
 149, from Cobbe's Frophecies, 1614, says that 
 
 . . cheefest of them all, the Foole 
 Plaied with a ladle and a toole. 
 
 ^ Fr. pucelle, a maid, virgine ; girle, damsell, mother. — Cotgrave. 
 
 2 Nichols's copy reads 'a thirtie-five yeer old.' 
 
 3 See Brand on Bride-cake, ii. 62-4, ed. 1841. * bakehouse. 
 
 5 Fr. Baligaut : m. An unweldy lubber, great lobcocke, huge luske, mis- 
 shapen lowt, ill-favoured flabergullion. — Cotgrave. ' Loobber woorts, a dull, 
 heavy, and useless fellow. The word is probably derived from the Danish 
 lubben, gross, or fat, and vorte, a wart or wen.— See "Wolff. Shakespeare uses 
 the latter word somewhat in this sense, when he makes Prince Henry say to 
 Falstaff, " I do allow this wen to be as familiar with me as my dog." ' — Burn, 
 p. 100 ; Nichols, i. 443. 
 
 ^ Cp. Laneham's saying of himself, p. 57, below. "I go noow in my sj-lks, 
 that else might ruffl in my citt eaniies," — poor man's clothes. 
 
 7 Buckets, dried sweet-meats or sugar-plmns ; that which is sucked. — Nares ." 
 see the quotations there, and cp. Fr. dragee any jonkets, comfets, or sweet- 
 meats, served ia as the last course (or otherwise) for stomake-closers. — Cot- 
 grave. ^ partly. — Burn. 
 
24 Sunday, July 17. Running at the Quintain. 
 
 Then foUoed the worshipfull Bride, led (after the cuutrie 
 maner) between too auncient parishionerz, honest toounsmen. 
 But a stale stallion^ and a wel spred, (hot az the weather 
 waz,) God wot, and an il smelling, waz she : a thirtie'' yeer 
 old, of colour brounbay, not very beautifull in deed, but vgly, 
 fooul, ill fauord : yet marueyloous fain of the offis, because shee 
 hard say shee shoold dauns before the Queen, in which feat 
 shee thought shee woold foote it az finely az the best : Well, 
 after this bride cam thear, by too and too, a dozen damzels 
 for bridemaides : that for fauor, attyre, for facion and clean- 
 lines, were az meete for such a bride, az a treen^ ladl for a 
 porige pot : mo, but for fear of earring all clean, had been 
 appointed : but theez feaw wear inoow. 
 Ftp 30 1 t^ the cumpany in this order wear cum into the 
 coourt, maruelous wear the marciall acts that wear 
 doon thear that day. 
 
 . The Brydegroome for preeminens had the fyrst 
 
 at Quintine. ^oors at the Quintyne, brake hiz spear tres hardi- 
 ment : but his mare in hiz manage did a littl so 
 titubate*, that. mooch a doo had hiz manhod to sit in his 
 sadl, & too scape the foyl of a fall : with the help of his 
 band, yet he recoouerd himself, and lost not hiz styrops (for 
 he had none too his saddl) : had no hurt, as it hapt, but only 
 that hiz gyrt burst, and lost hiz pen & inkorn, that he waz 
 redy to wep for. But hiz handkercher, az good hap waz, 
 found he safe at his gyrdl : that cheerd him sumwhat, & 
 had good regard it shoold not be fyeld. For though heat & 
 coolnes vpon sundry occazions made him sumtime too sweat, 
 and sumtime rumatick : yet durst he be bollder too bio hiz 
 noze, & wype hiz face, with the flapet of his fatherz iacket^, 
 then with hiz mothers mufflar ; — tiz a goodly matter, when 
 yooth iz manerly brought vp in fatherly looue & motherly aw. 
 
 ' Stallion, a term of reproval, applied to a woman in the Life of Long Meg 
 of Westminster, 1635. Cotgrave's first meaning for Estalon ia, 'a Stalion for 
 Mares;' his second meaning ' a stale (as a Larke, etc.) -wherewith Fowlers 
 traine silly birds unto their destruction.' 
 
 ^ Nichols, following a Bodleian copy, reads " thirtie-five." Ed. 1788, i. 19. 
 made of tree or wood. 
 
 Titubant tripping, stumbling, staggering. — Cotgrave. 
 Yf thy nose thou dense, as may befalle, 
 Loke thj honde thou dense, as wythc-alle, 
 Priuely vriih skyrt do hit away, 
 Other eUis thurgh* thi tepet that is so gay. 
 
 Boke of Curtasye, ab. 1460 a.d., in Bahees Booh, 
 p. 301, 1. 89-92. 
 
Sunday, July 17. The Quintain and Tournament. 25 
 
 Noow^ syi% after the Brydegroom had made hiz coors, ran 
 rtp 31 1 ^®®^ °^ ^^^ band a fwhyle in sum order, but 
 
 soon after, tag and rag^, cut & long taiP : whear the 
 specialty of the sport waz, to see, how sum for hiz slakness 
 had a good bob with the bag^, and sum for his haste too 
 toppl dooun right, & cum tumbling to the post : sum stryuing 
 so mooch at the first setting oout, that it seemd a question 
 betweene the man & the beast, whither the coors shoold 
 be made a horsback or a fopt : and put foorth with the 
 spurz, then wold run hiz race byas* among the thickest of 
 the throng, that dooun came they toogyther, hand ouer hed : 
 anoother, whyle he directed hiz coors to the quintyne, hiz 
 iument' woold cary him too a mare amoong the pepl : so hiz 
 hors az amoroos, az him selfe aduenturoous. Another, too 
 run & miss the quintyne with hiz staff, and hit the boord 
 with his hed. 
 
 Many such gay gamez wear thear among theez ryderz : 
 who by & by after, vpou a greater coorage, leaft thear quin- 
 tining, and ran one at anoother. Thear to see the stearn 
 countenauns, the grym looks, the cooragioous attempts, the 
 desperat 3,due?iturez, the daungeroous cooruez^, the feers 
 encoounterz, whearby the buff ''^ at the man, and the coounter- 
 rtP 32 1 ^^^ ^^ ^^® hors, that fboth sumtime cam topling to 
 the ground. By my trooth, Master Martyn, twaz a 
 
 ^ En bloc et en tasche, one with another, tag and rag, all together. — Gotgrave. 
 
 ^ This phrase \cut and long taW] occurs in the Merry Wives of Windsor, where 
 Slender after the declaration of Shallow, that he shall maintain Ann Page 
 like a gentlewoman, says, " Ay, that I will, come cut and long-tail, under the 
 degree of a squire." It is also found in the First Part of the Eighth 
 Liberal Science, entitled, " Ars Adulandi," &c, devised and compiled by Ul- 
 pian Fulwell 1576, " Yea, even their very dogs. Rug, Eig, and Eisbie, yea, 
 cut and long-taile, they shall be welcome." Many other instances of the 
 usage of this phrase are to be met with in old plays, and it seems probable 
 that it originally referred to horses only, which might be denominated cut 
 and long-tail, as they were curtailed of this appendage or allowed its full 
 growth: and this might be practised according to their value or uses. 
 In this view, cut and long-tail, would include the whole species of horses, 
 good and bad, and such appears to be the comprehensive meaning of the 
 "^"hxaiBQ.—Kenilworth Illustrated, App. 19 ; Nichols, i. 445. 
 
 ^ Himg at the other end of the cross-bar of the quintain-pole. 
 
 ■* Biais : m. Byas, compasse, aslope, or sloping. — Gotgrave. 
 
 5 stallion; though Fr. ye<we«< is a mare. Lat. ywMiewiww, a beast of burden. 
 
 fi ' curves,' as Mr. Knowles suggests ; not for ' courses ;' or from Fr. Gorvee, 
 Courvee, a dayes worke, due by a Tenant vnto his Lord. II a fait vne grande 
 courvde, he hath done a great dayes worke, he hath made a long dayes iourney ; 
 or, he hath dispatched the matter with verie much toyle. — Gotgrave. 
 
 7 Buffe : f. A buffet, blow, cufie, boxe, or whirret on the eare, &c. — Cot' 
 grave. 
 
26 Sunday, July 17. The Coventry Men's Play. 
 
 liuely pastime ; I beleeue it woold haue mooued sum man 
 too a right meery mood^ thoogh had it be toold him hiz wife 
 lay a dying. 
 
 Hok Tuis- ^^'^ heertoo folloed az good a sport (me thooght) 
 dayi by the prezented in an historical! ku'*^ by certain good 
 Couentree harted men of Couentree^^ my Lordes neighboors 
 '^™* thear : who, vnderstanding amoong them the thing 
 
 that coold not bee hidden from ony, hoow carefuU and stu- 
 dious hiz honor waz, that by all pleazaunt recreasions her 
 highnes might best fynd her self wellcom, and bee made 
 gladsum and mery, (the groundworke indeede^and foundacion, 
 of hiz Lordship^s myrth and gladnesse of vs all), made peti- 
 tion that they moought renu noow their olid storiall sheaw* : 
 Florileg. Of argument, how the Danez whylom heere in a 
 li. I. fol. troubloous seazon wear for quietnesse born withall, 
 ^^^' & suffeard in peas, that anon, by outrage & import- 
 
 abl insolency, abuzing both Ethelred, the king then, and all 
 estates euerie whear byside : at the greuoous complaint & 
 
 ^ See Brand and Ellis's long notes on this custom in their Antiquities, i. 
 107-114, ed. 1841. 
 
 ' ? style. Cue. From the letter Q, of quando or quails by which the place 
 for a fresh actor's speech was marked. — See Wedgwood, iii. 650. 
 
 3 On the Coventry men's plays, &c. see Thomas Sharpe's " Dissertation on 
 the Pageants or Dramatic Mysteries anciently performed at Coventry by the 
 Trading Companies of that City &c. " 1825 ; and " the Coventry Mysteries," 
 edited for the Shakspere Society by Mr. HaUiwell, 1841. 'Previous to the 
 suppression of the English Monasteries, the City of Coventry was particu- 
 larly famed for the pageants which were performed in it on the 14th of June, 
 or Corpus- Christi day. This appears to have been one of the ancient fairs ; 
 and the Grey Friars, or Friars Minors, of that City, had, as Dugdale relates, 
 " Theatres for the several scenes very large and high, placed upon wheels, 
 and drawn to all the eminent parts of the city, for the better advantage of 
 the spectators ; and contaiaed the story of the Old and New Testament, com- 
 posed in the Old English rhyme." Coventry appears to have derived great 
 benefit from the niunbers of persons who came to visit these Pageants.' — 
 Burn, p. 101 ; Nichols, i. 446. 
 
 * The origiu of this once popular holiday, called Hoke-day, Hoke-tuesday, or 
 Hoke-tide, is involved in considerable obscurity. By some writers it is supposed 
 to be commemorative of the massacre of the Danes in the reign of Ethelred, on 
 the 13th of November, 1002 ; whilst by others, the deliverance of the English 
 from the tyranny of the Danes, by the death of Hardicanute, on Tuesday the 
 8th of June, 1042, is pointed out as its origin. Our author adopts the former 
 hypothesis, though the weight of argument preponderates in favour of the 
 national deliverance by Hardicanute' s death; and it must not be forgotten 
 that the festival was celebrated on a Tuesday, and that Hoke-tuesday was 
 the Tuesday in the second week after Easter. Various conjectures have been 
 offered respecting the etymology of the word Holce. Lambard imagined it to 
 be a corruption of Huextyde, the time of scorning or mocking. Bryant pre- 
 fers HocJc, high, apprehending that Sock-day means no more than a high day ; 
 but Mr. Denne, in a very learned memoir upon this subject, printed ra the 
 
Sunday, July 17, The Coventry Men's Play. 27 
 
 coounsell of Huna, the king's cliieftain in warz, on Saint 
 r+ 33 1 Brices nighty Ann. Dom. 1012.^ t(Az the book sayz) 
 that falleth yeerely on the thirteenth of Nouem- 
 ber, wear all dispatcht^ and the Ream rid. And for becauz 
 the matter mencioneth how valiantly our English women for 
 looue of their cuntree behaued themseluez : expressed in 
 actionz & rymez after their maner, they thought it moought 
 mooue sum myrth to her Maiestie the rather. 
 
 The thingj said they, iz grounded on story, and for pastime 
 woont too bee plaid in oour Oitee yeerely : without ill ex- 
 ampl of mannerz, papistry, or ony superstition : and elz did 
 so occupy the heads of a number, that likely inoough woold 
 haue had woorz meditationz : had an auncient beginning, and 
 a long continuauns : tyll noow of late laid dooun, they knu 
 no cauz why, onless it wear by the zeal of certain theyr 
 Preacherz^ : men very commendabl for their behauiour and 
 learning, & sweet in their sermons, but sumwhat too sour 
 in preaching awey theyr pastime^ : wisht therefore, that az 
 they shoold continu their good doctrine in pulpet, so, for 
 matters of poUicy & gouernauns of the Citie, they woold per- 
 
 Archseologia, vol. vii. p. 244, &c., adopts Spelman's derivation of the term 
 from the German SocJcen, in reference to the practice of binding, which was 
 formerly practised by the women upon the men upon Hoke-tuesday ; though 
 he considers this as metaphorical, and that the German word for marriage, or 
 a wedding-feast, Hock-zeit, is more immediately appKcahle, because it was at 
 the wedding feast of a Danish Lord, with the daughter of a Saxon Nobleman, 
 that Hardicanute died suddenly, not without suspicion of being poisoned. — 
 Nichols, i. 446. 
 
 ^ More correctly 1002. — Kenilworth Illustrated, 20 ; Nichols. 
 
 2 Compare Stubbes's chapter ' Of Stage-play es and Enterludes, with their 
 wickednes,' Anatomie, p. 134-141 ; Northbrooke's Treatise on Dicing, Dan- 
 cing, Plays and Interludes, &c., 1577, a.d. (Shaksp. Soc. 1843), &c. &c. 
 
 5 While the Catholic Religion was the established faith of England, there 
 were, in connection with it, many public amusements and festivals, by which 
 all the orders of society were entertained ; such as the performance of Morali- 
 ties or sacred plays, popular customs to be observed on certain vigils and 
 Saints' days, and the keeping of the many holidays enjoined by the Romish 
 Calendar, in the pastimes common to the lower classes. In the commencement 
 of most reformations in society, it is common to find the reverse of wrong as- 
 sumed for right ; and hence the Puritans, who increased rapidly after the 
 English Reformation, not only banished all those festivals and customs pecu- 
 liar to the Catholic religion, but also violently declaimed against popular 
 pastimes, innocent in themselves, but condemned by them because they had 
 existed in former times. This illiberal spirit of denouncing public amuse- 
 ments, was, however, not without some opposition ; Randolph severely at- 
 tacked "the sanctified fraternity of Blackfriars," in his "Muses Looking 
 Glass," and Ben Jonson scarcely ever let them pass without some satirical 
 remark. In the Monologue, or " Masque of Owls," the latter of which, as it 
 was performed at Kenilworth, in the Reign of Charles L, is most to the pre- 
 
28 Sunday, July 17. Captain Cox of Coventry. 
 
 mit them to the Mair and Magistratez : and seyed, by my 
 rtp. 34.1 ^^y^-'^^ Master Martyn, they fwoold make theyr 
 humbl peticion vntoo her highnes, that they might 
 haue theyr playz vp agayn. 
 
 Captain But aware, keep bak, make room noow, heer they 
 
 Co^- cum ! And fyrst, captin Cox, an od man I promiz yoo : 
 
 by profession a Mason, and that right skilful!, very cunning 
 
 sent purpose ; tlie third owl is intended to represent a Puritan of Coventry, 
 one of those who contributed to put down the Coventry plays, and is thus de- 
 scribed : — 
 
 Hey Owl Third. 
 
 " A pure native bird 
 This, and though his hue 
 Be Coventry blue, 
 Yet is he undone 
 By the thread he has spun ; 
 For since the wise town 
 Has let the sports down 
 
 Of May-games and Morris, 
 For which he right sorry is ; 
 Where their maids and their makes, 
 
 At dancings and wakes. 
 Had their napkins and posies. 
 And the wipers for their noses. 
 And their smocks all-be-wrought 
 With his thread which they bought : 
 It now lies on his hands, 
 And having neither wit or lands. 
 Is ready to hang or choke him. 
 In a skein of that that broke him." 
 
 From the above keen satire may be gathered, that in abolishing of the Co- 
 ventry Pageants, the trade of that City suffered considerably. The chief 
 staple of the place was the manufactory of blue thread, of which a great con- 
 sumption was formerly made in the embroidering of scarfs and napkins. But 
 beside the decay of trade in Coventry, occasioned by the loss of the Pageants, 
 the unpatriotic taste for articles of foreign production, was also of considerable 
 detriment to that, as well as to the other manufacturing Towns of England. 
 In a very rare tract, entitled, " A Briefe Conceipte of English Pollicye," 
 Lond. 1581, with the initials W. S., and ascribed to Shakspeare, but in reality 
 written by W. Stafford, there are the following passages concerning the effect 
 of this destructive fashion upon the staple of Coventry : and as they tend so 
 particularly to illustrate the period of the KenUworth pageants, and Lane- 
 ham's own manners, which were so strongly tinctured with foreign fopperies, 
 it is presumed that their insertion will not be unacceptable to the reader : (fo. 
 48) " I will tell you : while men were contented with such as were made in the 
 market-townes next vnto them, then were they of our Townes cfe Cities well 
 set a worke : as I knewe the time when men were content with Cappes, Hattes, 
 Gyrdels, and Poyntes, and all manner of garmentes made in the townes next 
 adaoyning, whereby the Townes were then well occupied and set a worke, and 
 yet the money payd for the same stuffe remayned in the countrey. Now, the 
 poorest younge man in a countrey cannot be content with a lether gyrdle, or 
 lether poyntes, Kniues or Daggers, made nigh home. And specially no Gen- 
 tleman can be contente to haue eyther Cappe, Cote, Dublet, Hose, or shyrte, 
 in his countrey, but they must haue this geare come frowi London ; and yet 
 many thinges hereof are not there made, but beyowd the sea : whereby the 
 artificers of our good townes are idle, and the occupations in London, and 
 specially of the townes beyond the seaes, are well set a worke euen vpon our 
 costes. . . (f . 49) I haue heard say that the chiefe trade of Couentry was hereto- 
 fore in making of blewe threde, and then the towne was riche euen vpon that 
 trade in manner onely ; and now our thredde comes all from beyond Sea. 
 Wherefore that trade of Couentry is decaicd, and thereby the towne likewise." 
 {fol. 49). — In consequence, therefore, of the desire for foreign articles of dress 
 
July 1 7. Captain Cox's Story-books. 29 
 
 in fens, and hardy az Gawin ; for hiz tonsword^ hangs at his 
 tablz eend : great ouersight hath he in matters of storie : 
 For. az for king Arthurz book^j Huow of Burdeaus, The foour 
 
 and ornament, England, which, had been hitherto in a great measure supplied 
 from her own resources, became about the close of the 16th century filled with 
 manufactures which were imported from the Continent ; while at the same 
 time the most important British productions were exchanged for what, in 
 a commercial sense, might be considered only as superfluities. This, also, 
 is very forcibly hinted at in the pamphlet before quoted, in the following 
 manner : — " And I maruell no man takes heede to it, what number first of 
 trifles comes hether from beyond the sea, that wee might either cleane spare, 
 or els make them within our realme, for the which wee either pay inestimable 
 treasure euery yere, or else exchaunge substantial! wares and necessary, for 
 them, for the which we might receaue great treasure. Of the which sort I 
 meane as well looking-glasses as drinking, and also to glaze windowes, Dialles, 
 Tables, Gardes, Balles, Puppettes, Penners [pen-cases], Inkehoms, Toothe- 
 picks, Gloues, Kniues, Dagges, Owches [jewels or ornaments], Brouches, 
 Agglettes [the metal ends of tags or laces]. Buttons of silke & siluer. 
 Earthen pots, Prunes and Pointes, Hawkes belles, Paper both white and 
 browne, and a thousand Hke thinges that might either be cleane spared, or 
 els made within the realme, sufficient for vs : and as for some thinges, they 
 make it of our owne commodities, and send it vs againe, whereby they set 
 their people a worke, and doe exhauste much treasure out of this Realme : as, 
 of our woU they make Clothes, Cappes, and Kerseis ; of our felles [hides] they 
 make Spanish skins, Gloues, and G-irdels ; of our Tinne, SaltseUers, Spoones, 
 and Dishes ; of our broken Linnen, clothes and ragges, Paper both whate and 
 browne. What Treasure (thinke yee) goes out of this Eealme for euery of 
 these thinges ? and then for all together, it exceedes myne estimation. There 
 is no man that can be contented now with any other Gloues than be made in 
 Fraunce or in Spayne ; nor Kersie, but it must be of Flaunders die ; nor 
 Cloth, but French, or Fryseadowe ; nor Ouche, Brooch, or Agglet, but of 
 Venice making, or MUlen ; nor Dagger, Swearde, Knife, or Gyrdle, but of 
 Spanish making, or some outward countrey; no, not as much as a Spurre, but 
 that is fetched at the MUlener. I haue heard within these xl. years, when 
 there were not of these Haberdashers that selles French or Milieu Cappes, 
 Glasses, Kniues, Daggers, Swordes, Gyrdels, and such thinges, not a dosen in 
 all London : & now from the Tower to Westminster alonge, euery streate is 
 full of them ; and their shoppes glitter and shyne of Glasses, as well drjTiking 
 as looking, yea, all manner of vessel of the same stufi"e : pajoited Cruses, gaye 
 Daggers, Knyues, Swordes, and Gyrdels, that it is able to make any te)»perate 
 man to gase on them, and to buy somewhat, though it serue to no purpose 
 necessarie." — Btirn, p. 101-4; Nichols, i. 447-449. (Corrected by Stafford. 
 ' Fol. 25. I shall re-edit the book for the E. E. Text Soc. in a year or two.) 
 
 * " Perhaps a one-handed sword, from ton the one (see p. 37), guesses Nares, 
 who says he has not found the word anywhere else than in tMs tract, here, 
 and on page 31. Burn (p. 106), more probably, makes it a large two- 
 handed sword. See Preface. ' In the accoimt of expenses by the Drapers' 
 Company in Coventry on Midsummer night, 1557, occur, fifteen gunners, a 
 flag-bearer, flute, drum, and a " wysseler." There is also the following Item, 
 " payd for a long-sworde and the skouryng, xijd." which long sword was evi- 
 dently for the person marshalling or commanding the fifteen gunners, and 
 seems to be exactly analogous to the tonsword of Captain Cox." — Kenilworth 
 Illustrated, App. 22; Nichols, i. 451. 
 
 ^ For notes on all this and the following names of books, ballads, etc., see 
 the Forewords. 
 
30 July 17. Captain Cox's Story-books and Ballads. 
 
 suns of Aymon, Beuys of Hampton, The squyre of lo degree. 
 The knight of courtesy, and the Lady Faguell, Frederik of 
 Gene, Syr Eglamoour, Sir Tryamoour, Sir Lamwell, Syr 
 Isenbras, Syr Gawyn, Olyuer of the Castl, Lucres and Eu- 
 rialus^, VirgiFs life. The castle of Ladiez, The wido Edyth, 
 The King & the Tanner, Frier Rous, Howleglas, Gargantua, 
 Robinhood, Adambel, Clim of the clough, & William of 
 Cloudesley, The Churl & the Burd, The seauen wise Masters, 
 The wife lapt in a Morel's skin. The sak full of nuez, The 
 seargeaunt that became a Fryar, Skogan, Collyn cloout. 
 The Fryar & the boy, Elynor Rumming, and the Nutbrooun 
 r . gg 1 maid, with many moe fthen I rehearz heere : I be- 
 leeue hee haue them all at hiz fingers endz. 
 Then, in Philosophy, both morall & naturall, I think he 
 be az naturally ouerseen^ : beside poetrie and Astronomic, 
 and oother hid sciencez, as I may gesse by the omberty^ of 
 hiz books : whearof part az I remember, the Sheperdz kalen- 
 der. The Ship of Foolz, Danielz dreamz, the booke of For- 
 tune, Stans puer ad Tnensam, the hy wey to the Spitlhouse, 
 lulian of Brainford^s testament, the castle of Loue, the booget 
 of Demaunds, the hundred Mery talez, the book of Riddels, 
 the Seauen sororz of women, the prooud wiues Pater noster, 
 the Chapman of a peniwoorth of Wit : Beside hiz auncient 
 playz, Yooth & charitee, Hikskorner, Nugize, Impacient 
 pouerty ; and heerwith, doctor Boord's breuiary of health. 
 What shoold I rehearz heer, what a bunch of ballets & songs, 
 all auncient : Az Broom broom on hil. So wo iz me begon, 
 troly lo. Ouer a whinny Meg. Hey ding a ding. Bony 
 lass vpon a green. My bony on gaue me a bek. By a 
 bank az I lay : and a hundred more, he hath, fair wrapt vp 
 in Parchment, and bound with a whipcord, 
 r . 3g 1 And az for AUmanaks of antiquitee, (a fpoint for 
 Ephemerides) I weene hee can sheaw from lasper 
 Laet of Antwarp vnto Nostradam of Frauns, and thens vnto 
 oour John Securiz of Salsbury. To stay ye no longer heerin, 
 I dare say hee hath az fair a library for theez sciencez, & 
 az many goodly monuments both in proze & poetry, & at 
 
 ^ Nichols reads ' Curialus,' ed. 1788, vol. i. p. 23. 
 
 2 Well-read, learned : cp. Fr. retraicter, to revise, peruse, overlook, oversee, 
 run over. — Cotgrave. 
 
 3 ? shadowing. Cp. 'coming events cast their shadows before;' and Fr. 
 Vn poil fait ombre : Prov. A haire makes a shadow ; the smallest things 
 haue their shadows ; viz. their vse, or some ornament. — Cotgrave. 
 
Sunday, July 1 7. Capt. Cox, and the Coventry Men's Play. 31 
 
 afternoonz can talk az mucli without book, az ony Inholder 
 betwixt Brainford^ and Bagsbot, what degree soeuer he be. 
 
 Beside tbiz, in tbe field a good Marshall at musters^ : of 
 very great credite & trust in the toun heer, for he liaz been 
 chozQn Alecurmer^ many a yeere, when hiz betterz haue 
 stond by : & euer quited himself with such estimation, az 
 yet too the tast of a cup of Nippitate*, his iudgement will be 
 taken aboue the best in the parish, be hiz noze near so 
 read. 
 
 Captain Cox cam marching on valiantly before, cleen 
 trust, & gartered aboue the knee, all fresh in a veluet cap 
 (master Goldingham^ lent it him) floorishing with hiz ton- 
 swoord, and another fensmaster with him : thus in the fore- 
 ward making room for the rest. After them proudly prickt 
 on formost, the Danish launsknights^ on horsbak, and then 
 the English : each with their allder fpoU marcially in their 
 hand. Eeuen at the first entree the meeting waxt 
 Ltp- V.J sumwhat warm : that by and by kindled with 
 tee plT^^' ^o^^g® ^ both sidez, gru from a hot skirmish vnto 
 a blazing battail : first by speare and shield, out- 
 ragious in their racez az ramz at their rut''', with furious 
 encoounterz, that togyther they tumbl too the dust, sumtime 
 hors and man : and after fall too it with sworde & target, 
 good bangz a both sidez : the fight so ceassing ; but the bat- 
 tail not so ended : foUoed the footmen, both the hostez, ton 
 after toother : first marching in ranks : then warlik turning, 
 then from ranks into squadrons, then in too trianglz ; from 
 
 ^ Brentford in Middlesex, and Bagshot in Surrey, are both on the South- 
 Western road from London. What can have made Laneham quote them here ? 
 
 2 See Notes at the end. 
 
 3 Ale-conner or Ale-taster, an Officer appointed in every Court-Leet, and 
 Sworn to look to the Assize and Goodness of Bread, Ale and Beer, sold within 
 the Jurisdiction of the Leet. — Kersey's Phillips, a.d. 1706. 
 
 * See note on Arion, p. 34, in Notes at the end. 
 
 *'Stubhes, in his Anatomie of Abuses, 1595, describing the excesses at 
 Church-ales, on which occasion he says ten or twenty quarters of malt is fre- 
 quently made into very strong ale or beer ; adds, " Then, when this nippita- 
 tum, this huffe-cappe, as they call it, this nectar of life, is set abroach, weU is 
 he that can get the soonest to it, and spend the most at it ; for he is counted 
 the godliest man of all the rest, and most in God's favour, because it is spent 
 upon his Church forsooth." May not the terms nappy-ale and brown-nappy, be 
 derived from this origin ? — Kenilivorth Illustrated, App. 23 ; Nichols, i. 455. 
 See Notes at the end. 
 
 8 Dan. lantse a lance, hnegt a knight ; Germ, lands-hnecht a foot-soldier. — 
 Ltidwig. 
 
 1 Fr. ruit : m. The rut of Deere or Bores ; their lust ; and the season 
 wherein they ingendcr. — Cotgrave. 
 
32 Sunday, A Sham-Fight , Bride-ale, Play and Banquet. 
 
 that intoo rings, & so winding oout again : A valiant cap- 
 tain of great prowez, az fiers az a fox assauting a gooz, waz 
 so hardy to giue the first stroke : then get they grisly to- 
 gyther : that great waz the actiuitee that day too be seen 
 thear a both sidez : ton very eager for purchaz^ of pray, 
 toother vtterly stoout for redemption of libertie : thus, 
 quarrell enflamed fury a both sidez. Twise the Danes had 
 the better ; but at the last conflict, beaten doun, ouercom, 
 and many led captiue for triumph by our English weemen. 
 r . gg 1 This waz the effect of this sheaw, that, faz it waz 
 
 handled, made mooch matter of good pastime : 
 brought all indeed intoo the great court, een vnder her 
 highnes windo too haue been seen : but (az vnhappy it waz 
 for the bride) that cam thither too soon, (and yet waz it a 
 four a clok). For her highnes beholding in the chamber de- 
 lectabl dauncing indeed : and heerwith the great throng 
 and vnrulines of the people, waz cauz that this solemnitee of 
 Brideale & dauncing, had not the full muster waz hoped for : 
 and but a littl of the Couentree plea her highnes also saw : 
 comraaunded thearfore on the Tuisday folloing to haue it ful 
 oout : az accordingly it waz prezented, whearat her Maies- 
 tie laught well : they wear the iocunder, and so mooch the 
 more becauz her highnes had giuen them too buckes, and 
 fine marke in mony, to make mery togyther : they prayed 
 for her Maiesty, long, happily to reign, & oft to cum thither, 
 that oft they moought see heer : & what, reioycing vpon 
 their ampl reward, and what, triumphing vpon the good ac- 
 ceptauns, they vaunted their play waz neuer so dignified, 
 nor euer any players afore so beatified. 
 
 rtp 39 1 Thus though the day took an eend, yet fslipt 
 
 not the night all sleeping awey : for az neyther 
 offis nor obsequy ceassed at any tyme too the full, to per- 
 form the plot hiz honor had appoynted : So, after supper 
 waz thear a play prezented of a very good theam, but so set 
 foorth by the Actoourz wel handling, that pleazure & mirth 
 made it seeme very short, though it lasted too good oourz 
 and more. But stay, master Martyn, all iz not doon yet. 
 
 After the play oout of hand, foUoed a most delicioouz and 
 (if I may so terme it) an Ambrosiall Banket : whearof, 
 whither I myght more muze at the deintynesse, shapez and 
 the cost : or els at the variete & number of the disshez (that 
 
 ' Fr. pourchas, eager pursuit, earnest chace after (Cotgrave) and so, gain, 
 getting, securing. 
 
Entrance to the Banqueting Hall, Kenilworth Castle. 
 
Monday, July \^. A Stag-hunt. Triton tm a Mermaid. 33 
 
 wear a three hundred), for my part I coold littl tel them, 
 and noow less, I assure yoo. Her Maiesty eat smally or no- 
 thing : which vnderstood, the coorsez wear not so orderly 
 serued, & sizely set dooun, but wear by and by az disorderly 
 wasted & coorsly consumed ; more courtly^, me thought, then 
 curteously. But that was no part of the matter : moought it 
 pleaz and be liked, & do that it cam for, then waz all well 
 inough. 
 
 Vntoo this banket thear waz appoynted a mask : for 
 r . ^Q 1 riches of aray, of an incrediblf cost : but the time 
 so far spent, and very late in the night noow, waz 
 cauz that it cam not foorth to the sheaw. And thus for Son- 
 dayz seazon hauing stayd yoo the longer (according too the 
 matter) heer make I an eend : ye maye breath yee a while. 
 Mundav 10 Munday, the eyghteenth of this luly, the weather 
 being hot, her highnes kept the Castl for coolness, 
 till aboout fine a clok her Maiesty in the Chase hunted the 
 hart (az afore) of fors : that, whyther wear it by the cunning 
 Psal 24 ^^ ^^® huntsmen, or by the naturall desyre of the 
 Deer, or els by both : anon he gat him too soyP 
 agayne, which reyzed the accustomed delight : a pastime 
 indeede sO intyrely pleazaunt, az whearof at times whoo 
 may haue the ful and free fruition, can find no more sacie- 
 tee (I ween) for a recreation, then of theyr good viaundes 
 at timez for their sustentation. 
 
 Well, the game waz gotten : and her highnes returning, 
 cam thear vppon a swimming Mermayd (that from top too 
 tayl waz an eyghteen foot long,) Triton, Neptunes blaster : 
 Triton. whoo, with hiz trumpet foormed of a wrinkld wealk, 
 [tp. 41.] az her Maiestyf waz in sight, gaue soound very 
 shrill & sonoroous, in sign he had an ambassy too pronoouns : 
 anon her highnes waz cummen vpon the bridge, whearunto 
 he made hiz fish to swim the swifter, and he then declared^ : 
 " how the supreame salsipotent* Monarch Neptune, the great 
 
 ^ Compare, in Eussell's Book of Nurture, Bahees Book, p. 163, the caution to 
 the officers to look out that no dish of a course is stolen, 1. 180 ; and the note 
 there from Household Ordinances, p. 45, that Edw. IV's Surveyor is to see 
 that ' of every messe that cummyth from the dressing hourde . . thereof be 
 nothing withdrawn hy the squires.' 
 
 ^ took to the water. Fr. batre les eaux, a Deere to take soyle. — Gotgrme. 
 
 * See Notes at the end. 
 
 •* An epithet derived from the Latin salsipotens, which signifies one who 
 has power over the salt seas ; in which sense it is used hy Plautus. — Ains- 
 worth, in Burn. 
 
34 Monday, July 18. The Queen frees the Lady of the Lake. 
 
 God of the swelling seaz, Prins of profunditees, and Soouer- 
 ain Segnior of al Lakez, freshwaterz, Riuerz, Creekes, & 
 Goolphs : vnderstanding how a cruel Knight, one syr Bruse 
 sauns pitee^, a mortall enmy vntoo Ladiez of estate, had long 
 lyen about the banks of this pooll, in wayt with his bawds 
 heer to distress the Lady of the lake, whearby she hath been 
 restrayned not only from hauing any vse of her ancient 
 liberty and territoriez in theez parts, but also of making 
 repayr & giumg atte^idauns vnto yoo, nobl Queen, (qd. he) az 
 she woold, shoe promist, and allso shoold : dooth thearfore 
 signify : and heerto, of yoo, az of hiz good leag and deer 
 freend, make this request, that ye will deyn but too sheaw 
 yoor parson toward this pool, whearby yoor only prezens 
 shallbe matter sufficient of abandoning this vncurtess knight, 
 and putting all his bands too flight, & also of deliuerauns 
 r , ^2 "1 of fthe lady oout of this thralldom." Moouing heer- 
 
 with from the bridge, & fleeting more intoo the 
 pool, chargeth he in Neptunes name : both Eolus with al his 
 windez, the waters with hiz springs, hiz fysh & fooul, and 
 all his clients in the same, that they ne be so hardye in any 
 fors too stur, but keep them calm & quiet while this Queen 
 be prezent. At which petition her highnes staying, it ap- 
 peerd straight hoow syr Bruse became vnseen, his bands 
 skaled^, and the Lady by and by, with her too Nymphs, flot- 
 ing vpon her moouable Hands (Triton on hiz mermaid 
 skimming by,) approched toward her highnes on the bridge : 
 az well too declare that her Maiestiez prezens hath so graci- 
 ouslye thus wrought her deliuerauns, az allso to excuze her 
 not comming to coourt az she promist, and cheefly to pre- 
 zent her Maiesty (az a token of her duty & good hart) 
 for her highness recreation, with thiz gift, which was Arion^, 
 that excellejit & famouz Muzicien, in tyre & appointment 
 straunge well seeming too hiz parson, ryding aloffce vpon 
 hiz olid freend the Dolphin, (that from hed to tayl waz a 
 ftp. 43 1 foo^i" ^ twenty foot long) & swymd hard by theez 
 
 Hands : fheerwith Arion, for theez great benefitez, 
 after a feaw well coouched words vntoo her Maiesty of 
 thanksgyuing, in supplement of the same, beegaTi a de- 
 
 ' See Notes at the end. 
 
 2 skedaddled ? ' SJcale, to scatter, in haymaking, is still used transitively 
 in Cumberland.' — E. S. Xnowles. 
 
 ^ See the note on Goldingham from Ken, III. p. 25 ; and Nichols, i, 458, in 
 Notes at the end. 
 
July 18. Music from the Dolphin. Knights made. 35 
 
 lectabl ditty of a song^ wel apted too a melodious noiz^, 
 compoounded of six seuerall instruments al coouert, cast- 
 ing soouwd from the DolpMn^s belly within; Arion, the 
 seauenth, sitting thus singing (az I say) withoout. 
 
 Noow syr, the ditty in miter so aptly endighted to the 
 matter, and after by voys so delicioously deliuerd : tliQ song 
 by a skilful artist intoo hiz parts so sweetly sorted : each 
 part in hiz instrument so clean & sharpely toouched, euery 
 instrument again in hiz kind so excellently tunabl : and this 
 in the eeu[en]ing of the day, resoounding from the callm 
 waters : whear prezens of her Maiesty, & longing too listen, 
 had vtterly damped all noyz & dyn ; the hole armony conueyd 
 in tyme, tune, & temper, thus incomparably melodious : with 
 what pleazure (Master Martin), with what sharpnes of con- 
 ceyt, with what lyuely delighte, this moought pears into the 
 heerers harts, I pray ye imagin yoor self az ye may ; for, so 
 God iudge me, by all the wit & cunning I haue, I cawnot ex- 
 ftp 44 1 pi'sss, I promis yoo. Mais -fieo hien vieu cela, Mon- 
 seur, que forte grande est la jpouuoyr qu'auoit la 
 tresnohle Science de Musique sur les esprites humains : per- 
 ceiue ye me ? I haue told ye a great matter noow. As for 
 me, surely I was lulld in such liking, & so loth too leaue of, 
 that mooch a doo, a good while after, had I, to fynde me 
 whear I waz. And take ye this by the way, that for the 
 smal skyl in muzik that God hath sent me, (ye kno it iz 
 sumwhat,) ile set the more by my self while my name iz 
 Laneham, and grace a God. A ! muzik iz a nobl Art ! 
 
 A ! stay a while ! see a short wit : by my trooth I had 
 almost forgot. This daye waz a day of grace beside, whearin 
 wear auaunced fyue gentlemen of woorshippe vnto the de- 
 gree of knighthood : Sir Thomas Cecy], sun & heyr 
 made ^ vntoo the right honorabl the Lord Treazorer; Syr 
 Henry Cobham, broother vnto the Lord Cobham; 
 Syr Thomas Stanhop, Syr Arthur Basset, and Syr Thomas 
 Tresham : and allso, by her highnes accustumed mercy & 
 charitee, nyne cured of the peynfull and daungerous diseaz, 
 called the kings euill ; for that Kings & Queenz of this Realm, 
 ftp 45 1 withoout oother medsin (saue only by fhandling & 
 prayerz), only doo cure it : bear with me, though 
 perchauns I place not thoz Gentlmen in my recitall heer, 
 
 * In Gascoigne's account the song is given, but Protheus is the character 
 instead oi Avion, which is apparently an error. — Nichols, i. 458; Ken. III. p. 
 25, note 3. 2 » noiz ' == noise— a company, or band, of musicians. — W. C. 
 
 D 2 
 
36 July 19, 20. The Coventry Play. The Device of Gods etc. 
 
 after theyr estatez : for I am neyther good heraud of armez, 
 nor yet kno hoow they are set in tlie Subsydy bookez. 
 Men of great woorsliip I vnderstand they are all. 
 Tuisday 11 Tuisday, according to commaundement, cam 
 oour Couentree men : wliat tkeir matter waz, of her 
 liighnes myrth and good acceptauns, and rewarde vntoo 
 them, and of their reioysing thearat, I sheawd yon afore, 
 and so say the less noow. 
 
 Wedns 12 Wednesday in the forenoon, preparacion was in 
 hand for her Maiesty too haue supt in Wedgenall, 
 a three myle west from the Castl. A goodly park of the 
 Queenz Maiestyez^ : for that cauz, a fayr Pauilion, and other 
 prouision accordingly thither sent & prepared : but by meanz 
 of weather not so cleerly dispozed, the matter waz counter- 
 maunded again. That had her highnes hapned this daye too 
 haue cummen abrode : there was made reddy a deuise of 
 Goddessez & Nymphes^: which, az well for the ingenious ar- 
 gument, az for tJiQ wel handling of it in rime & endighting, 
 Ftp 46 1 woold vndooutedly haue gaind great lyking, & 
 mooued no less delight. Of the particulariteez, 
 whearof, I ceas to entreat : least, like the boongling car- 
 pentar, by missorting the peecez, I mar a good frame in 
 the bad setting vp, or by my fond tempring afore hand em- 
 bleamish the beauty, when it shoold be reard vp in deede. 
 
 A this day allso waz thear such earnest tallk & appoint- 
 ment of remoouing, that I gaue ouer my noting, and barkened 
 after my hors. 
 
 Mary, syr, I must tell yoo : Az all endeuoour waz too moone 
 mirth & pastime (az I toUd ye) : eeuen so a ridiculoous de- 
 uise of an auncient minstrell & hiz song waz prepared to 
 haue been profierd, if meet time & place had been foound 
 for it. 0ns in a woorshipfuU company, whear, full appointed, 
 he recoounted his matter in sort az it shoould haue been 
 vttred, I chaunsed too be : what I noted, heer thus I tel 
 yoo : A parson very meet seemed he for the purpoze, of a 
 xlv.^ yeers olid, apparelled partly as he woold himself. Hiz 
 
 * The Duchess of Portland's copy reads " a goodly park of the right honour- 
 able my very good Lord the Earl of Warwick." It still belongs to that noble 
 family, and is now called Wedgnock Park. — Nichols's Progresses, 1788, vol. i. 
 p. 29. 
 
 ^ See Notes at the end. 
 
 3 The Duchess of Portland's copy reads "xiv." — Nichols, ed. 1788, vol. i. 
 p. 30. 
 
The auncient Minsirell described. 37 
 
 cap of : his hed seemly roounded tonster wyze^ : fayr kemb, 
 that with a spoonge deintly dipt in a littl capons greaz was 
 r . ^>j 1 finely smoothed too make fit shine like a Mallard^s 
 wing. Hiz beard smugly shauen : and yet hiz 
 shyrt after the nu trink^^ with ruffs fayr starched^ sleeked, 
 and glistering like a payr of nu shooz : marshalld in good 
 order : wyth a stetting stick, and stoout, that euery ruff stood 
 vp like a wafer : a side gooun of kendall green, after the 
 freshnes of the yeer uoow, gathered at the neck with a 
 narro gorget, fastened afore with a white clasp and a keepar 
 close vp to the chin : but easily for heat too vndoo when he 
 list : Seemly begyrt in a red caddiz^ gjrcll : from that a payr 
 
 ^ Fr. tondre, to sheere, clip, cut, powle, nott, pare round. — Cotgrave. 
 
 2 ? trick, fashion. 
 
 3 Caddis, worsted, such as is now termed eruell, used for the ornament of the 
 dresses of servants and the lower classes in the 16th century. Caddis garters 
 are mentioned by writers of that era as worn by country folks. — Fairholfs 
 Costume in England. — "This description of the minstrel's dress is particularly 
 valuable, as it gives a highly-finished portrait of a class of men long since en- 
 tirely extinct ; and therefore, as many parts of the costume alluded to in the 
 text are now unknown, it will form an interesting note to consider over and 
 to explain .them. The person mentioned is stated to have resembled "a 
 Squire IVIinstrel of Middlesex ;" and from this Dr. Percy supposes, that "there 
 were other inferior orders, as yeomen minstrels, or the like." Philip Stubbes, 
 in his " Anatomy of Abuses," 1595, gives a particular detail of the Ruff, which 
 is the first part of the minstrel's dress mentioned ia the text. From this it 
 may be learned, that « setting stick, also alluded to, was an instrument made 
 either of wood or bone for laying the plaits of the rufi' in proper form. " A 
 side gown of Kendal gycen," was a long hanging robe of coarse green woollen 
 cloth or baize, for the manufacture of which the iovm of Kendal in Westmore- 
 land was very anciently celebrated. From Staff'ord's tract already cited (p. 28), 
 it would appear that this cloth was appropriated to servants ; as he there says, 
 " For I know when a Seruingman was content to go in a Kendall coate in 
 Sommer, and a frise coate in winter ; and with a plaine white hose made meete 
 for his body; And with a piece of biefe, or some other dishe of sodden meate, all 
 the weeke longe. Now he will looke to haue at the least for sommer, a coate of 
 the finest cloth that may bee gotten for money, and his Hosen of the finest 
 Kersey, and that of some straung die, as Flaimders die or French puke, that 
 a' Prince or great Lord can weare no finer if he weare cloth." [Fol. 33 b.) The 
 mantle of Kendal-green, Laneham proceeds to state, was gathered at the neck 
 with a narrow gorget, or collar. The gorget, which literally signifies a throat- 
 piece, was originally a part of the female dress, and consisted of a long piece of 
 cloth, or other staff, wrapped several times about the neck, raised on either side 
 the face, and secured in the front by long pins driven into the folds. The 
 white clasp and keeper were probably formed of pewter, as the words " white 
 metal " are often used in this sense in the writers of Laneham's period. A 
 7-ed Caddis girdle was one of those Spanish manufactures of which Stafford so 
 much complains ; they derived their name from being made at the city of 
 Cadiz in Spain, out of the feUs or untanned hides, which were sent from Eng- 
 land to be formed into skins of Spanish leather. To this girdle hung, as 
 usual, a pair of Sheffield knives, capped, or placed within a case ; for as the use 
 of forks was not known in England till about the year 1610, knives, for com- 
 
38 The auncient Minstrell described. 
 
 of capped ShefFeld kniuez^ hanging a to side : Out of hiz 
 bozome drawne foorth a lappet of liis napkin, edged with a 
 blu lace, & marked with a trulooue^, a hart, and A. D. for 
 Damian : for he was but a bachelar yet. 
 
 Hiz gooun had syde^ sleeuez dooun to midlegge, slit from 
 the shooulder too the hand, & lined with white cotten. Hiz 
 doobled sleeuez of blak woorsted, vpon them a* payr of 
 poynets' of towny Chamblet^ laced a long the wreast wyth 
 blu threeden points, a wealt toward the hand of fustian 
 anapes -P a payr of red neatherstocks : a pair of pumps on 
 hiz feet, with a cross cut at the toze for cornz : not nu in- 
 rtp. 48.1 <ieede, yet cleanly fblakt with soot, & shining az a 
 shoing horn. 
 
 Aboout hiz nek a red rebond sutable too hiz girdl : hiz 
 harp in good grace dependaunt before him : hiz wreast^ tyed 
 to a green lace, and hanging by : vnder the gorget of hiz 
 gooun a fair flagon cheyn, (pewter, for) siluer, az a squier 
 minstrel of Middilsex^, that trauaild the cuntree this soommer 
 seazon vnto fairz & worshipful! mens hoousez : from hiz 
 chein hoong a Schoochion, with mettall & cooUer resplen- 
 dant vpon hiz breast, of the auncient armez of Islington : 
 vpoTi a question whearof : he, az one that waz wel schoold, 
 
 mon purposes, were usually made in pairs. The word napkin is placed for 
 handkerchief. The description of the minstrel's gown will easily be under- 
 stood; and it is only requisite to remark upon it, that fustian-a-napes signifies 
 Naples fustian, or what was sometimes called fustian bustian. Aether stocks 
 were under stockings. The scutcheon about the minstrel's neck, alludes to an 
 ancient custom for persons of that profession to wear the badge of that family 
 by which they were retained; as the three belonging to the House of 
 Percy wore each of them a silver crescent. 
 
 " Towards the end of the sixteenth centuiy, this class of men had lost all 
 their former credit, and were sunk so low in public estimation, that in 1597, 
 39th of Eliz. a statute was passed, by which minstrels, wandering abroad, 
 were included with "rogues, vagabonds, and sturdy beggars," and were 
 directed to be punished as such. This act seems to have put an end to the 
 profession." — JSwn, p. 107-8 ; Nichols, i. 461. 
 
 * See Notes at the end. 
 
 ^ A true-lover's knot. Truelove is Serb Paris, a quatrefoil whose leaves 
 bear a sort of likeness to a true-lover's knot. — See Gloss, to my Wright's 
 Chaste Wife. 
 
 ^ 1, wide ; 2, long. * Orig. a a. * Toynets, Pr. wristbands. 
 
 ' Camlet a mixed stuff of wool and silk, used for gowns, temp. Elizabeth and 
 James I., and mentioned by writers of that era. It was originally manufac- 
 tured of the hair of the camel, and from thence its name is derived. — Fair- 
 holt. 
 
 ' Fustian anapes [ = of Naples] is Naples fustian ; sometimes called fustian 
 bustian. — Ken, III. p. 101. 
 
 8 wrest = tuning hammei', to wrest or turn the tuning pins of the harp. fcJee 
 p. 41, 62. 9 Orig. Middilsez. 
 
The auncient Minstrell described. S9 
 
 & coold hiz lesson parfit withoout booke too aunswear at 
 full, if question wear askt hym, declared : hoow the woor- 
 shipfull village of Islington in Middelsex^ well knooen too 
 bee one of the most auncient and best toounz in England 
 next London at tbiz day : for the feythfull freendship of 
 long time sheawed, az well at Cookez feast in Aldersgate 
 streete yeerely vpon holly Rood day^, az allso at all solem 
 bridalez in the citie of London all the yeer after : in well 
 seruing them of furmenty for porage^, not ouersod till it be 
 too weak : of mylk for theyr flawnez'^^ not pild nor chalked : 
 r . ^g -] of cream for their custardes, not ffrothed nor 
 
 thykned with floour : and of butter for theyr pastiez, 
 and pyepastj not made of well curds, nor gathered of whey 
 in soommer : nor mingled in winter with salt butter watered 
 or washt, did obteyn long ago thez woorshipfuU armez in 
 cooler & foorm az yee see : which are the armz, a field ar- 
 gent, as the field and groound indeed, whearin the milk- 
 wiuez of thiz woorthy tooun, and euery man els in hys 
 faculty doth trade for hiz lining : on a Fess Tenny* three 
 platez betweene three milke tankerds proper. The three 
 milk tankerds, az the proper vessell whearin the substauns 
 and matter of their trade iz too and fro transported. The 
 Fess Tenny, which iz a cooler betokening dout & suspitioti^ : 
 so az suspition & good heed taking, az wel to their markets 
 & seruants, az to their customers, that they trust not too 
 farre : may bring vnto them platez, that iz, coynnd syluer : 
 three, that iz, sufiicient and plentie, for so that number in 
 Armory may well signifie. 
 
 For Creast, vpon a wad of ote strawe for a wreath, a boll 
 of furmenty : Wheat (az yee kno) iz the most precious gyft 
 
 of Ceres, and in the midst of it, sticking, a doozen 
 spoonz.™ ^^ hornspoonz in a bunch, az the instrumentsf 
 [- . _ gQ 1 meetest too eate furmenty porage wythall : a 
 
 doozen, az a number of plenty compleat for full 
 cheere or a banket, and of horn, az of a substauns more es- 
 
 ' 14 Sept., the boys' nutting-day. — ^Ellis's Brand, i. 194-5. 
 
 - furmity : 'J^e frumenty potage.' — Babees BooJc, p. 141, 1. 391, etc. ; Percy 
 MS. Loose Sotigs, p. 61, 64-5. 
 
 '^ Yx. flans: m. Flawns, Custards, Egge-Pies. — Cotgrave. A Cheese-cake 
 or Flawne. — Hexham ; see Babees Book Index. 
 
 ■• An orange-coloured band, horizontally crossing the middle of the shield, 
 of which it takes up the third part. — Cussans. 
 
 * Orange or yellow is the colour of doubt. 
 
 ■" ' spnooz ' in the Brit. Mus. copy ; but spoonz in the St. John's copy. 
 
40 The auncient Minstrell described. 
 
 timabl then iz made for a great deel : bdeing nether so churl- 
 ish in weight az iz mettall : nor so froward and brittl to 
 manure az stone, nor yet so soily in vse, nor roough to the 
 lips, az wood iz : but lyght_, plyaunt, and smooth, that with 
 a lit^ licking wooU allweiz be kept az clen az a dy. " With 
 yoor paciens, Gentlmen/' (quoth the minstrel) " be it said : 
 wear it not in deede that hornz bee so plentie, hornware I be- 
 leeue woold bee more set by than it iz, and yet are thear in 
 our parts, that wyll not stick too auoow that many an honest 
 man both in citee and cuntree hath had hiz hoous by horn- 
 ing well vphoUden^, and a daily freend allso at need. And 
 thiz (with your fauoour) may I further affirm : a very ingeni- 
 oous parson waz hee, that for dignitee of the stuff, coold 
 thus by spooning, deuise to aduauns the horn so neer too 
 the hed. 
 
 " With great congruens also wear theez hornspoonz put 
 
 too the wheat : az a token and porcion of Cornucopise, the 
 
 hornof Achelous, which the Naiades^ did fil with fall 
 
 lib^9.'^^ good frutez, corn & grain : & after did consecrate 
 
 r , g, 1 vnto abooundauns and plenty. 
 
 " This skoochion, with beastz very aptly agreeing 
 both to the armz and to the trade of the bearerz, glorioously 
 supported. Between a gray Mare (a beast meetest for 
 carying of mylktankards,) her pannell on her bak, az alwayz 
 reddy for seruis at euery feast and brydale at neede, her 
 tail splayd at most eaz : and her filly fole^, fallo, and a flaxen 
 mane after the syre. 
 
 " In the skro vndergrauen,'' (quoth hee) " thiz ear a proper 
 Salem ca '^ooi'd; ^^ hemistichi, well squaring with al the rest, 
 taken out of Salerns chapter of things that most 
 noorish man^s body: Lac, Gaseus infans. That iz, good 
 milke and yoong cheez. And thus mooch, Gintlmen, and 
 pleaz you (quoth he) for the armz of oour woorshipfuU tooun." 
 And thearwithal made a manerly leg, and so held his peas. 
 
 Az the cumpany pawzed, and the minstrell seemde to gape 
 after a praiz for hiz Beauparlar : and bicauz he had renderd 
 hiz lesson so well : Saiz a good fello of the cumpany, " I am 
 sory to see hoow mooch the poore minstrell mistakez the 
 matter : for indeed the armez are thus. 
 
 ^ See the Ballad of " Cuckold's Haven, or The Married Man's Miserie, who 
 must abide the penaltie of being homify'd " in the Ballad Soc.'s JRoxb. Ballads, 
 i. 148. 2 Qu. Maiades ?— Nichols, i. 464. 
 
 3 fallow (-coloured) Bhe-foal : foal is a horse-colt ; filly a mare-colt. 
 
The auncient MinstrelVs sollem Song. 41 
 
 r. gnn "tThree milk tankerds proper^ in a fielde of 
 
 "" " cloouted cream; three green ckeesezvpon a shealf of 
 
 cakebread. The fyrmenty boll and hornspoonz : cauz their 
 profit corns all by horned beastz. Supported by a Mare with 
 a gald back, & thearfore still couerd with a panniell, fisking 
 with her tail for flyez, and her filly fole neying after the 
 dam for suk. This woord Lac, Gaseus infans. That is, a 
 fresh cheez and cream, & the common cry that theez milk- 
 wiuez make in London streetes yearly, betwixt Easter and 
 Whitsontide : and this iz the very matter ; I kno it well 
 inough :^' and so ended hiz tale, and sate him dooun again. 
 
 Heerat euery man laught a good, sane the minstrell : 
 that, thoough the fooU wear made priuy, all waz but for sport, 
 yet too see him self thus crost with a contrary ku that hee 
 lookt not for, woold straight haue geen^ ouer all, waxt very 
 wayward, eager^, and soour : hoow be it, last, by sum entreaty 
 & and many fayr woords, with sak & suger, we sweetned him 
 againe, and after becam az mery az a py. Appeerez then 
 a fresh, in hiz ful formalitee, with a louely loock : after three 
 loly cooursiez^, cleered his vois with a hem and a reach, and 
 J- , .„ , . spat oout withal, wipedf hiz lips with the hollo of his 
 hand, for* fyling hiz napkin, temperd a string or too 
 with his wreast : and after a littl warbling on hiz harp for a 
 
 prelude, came foorth with a sollem song, war- 
 thurabook Taunted for story oout of King Arthurz acts, the 
 
 first booke and 26. chapter^, whearof I gate a copy, 
 and that iz this. 
 
 SO it befell vpon a Penticost day. 
 When King Arthur at Camelot kept coourt rial, 
 With hiz cumly Queen, dame Gaynoour the gay. 
 And many bolld Barrens sitting in hall. 
 Ladies apparaild in purpl and pall. 
 When herauds in hukes^ berried full by^, 
 " Largess ! Largess ! cheualiers treshardy I" 
 
 % A doouty Dwarf too the vppermost deas 
 Right peartly gan prik, and, kneeling on knee. 
 With steeuen^ full stoout amids all the preas, 
 
 * given. ^ Fr. aiffre. * lowly curtsies. 
 
 ■• to prevent. Compare, on the saving of the napkin, the muffler above, p. 24. 
 
 * See Notes at the end. ^ See Notes at the end. 
 Ken. III. reads hy (high) and translates herried, cried, (Fr. huier). 
 
 8 voice. A. Sax. stefn. 
 
42 The auncient MinstreWs sollem Song. 
 
 Said " hailj syr king ! God thee saue and see ! 
 King Ryens of Northgalez greetetli well tliee. 
 And bids that thy beard anon thou him send. 
 Or els from thy iawz he will it of rend. 
 
 " ^ For his robe of state, a rich skarlet mantell. 
 With a-leauen kings beards bordred aboout, 
 Hee hath made late^ and yet in a cantell^ 
 Iz leafb a place, the twelth to make oout : [p. 54.] 
 
 Wear thin must stand, bee thou neuer so stoout : 
 This must bee doon, I tell thee no fabl, 
 Mawgre the poour of all thy roound tabl." 
 
 ^ When thiz mortall message from hiz moouth waz past. 
 Great waz the brute in hall and in boour : 
 The King fumed, the queen shriked, ladiez wear agast, 
 Princes puft, Bar [o] nz blustered, Lordz began too loour. 
 Knights stampt, squirez startld, az steedz in a stoour^, 
 Yeemen and pagez yeald^ oout in the hall : 
 Thearwith cam in Syr Kay of Seneshall. 
 
 " ^ Sylens, my suffrainz," quoth the courteyz Knight, 
 And in that stoound the chearm becam still, 
 The Dwarfs dynner full deerly waz dight. 
 For wine and wastell^ hee had at hiz will : 
 And when hee had eaten and fed hiz fill. 
 One hundred peeces of coyned gould 
 Wear giuen the Dwarfe for hiz message boUd. 
 
 " If Say too Syr Ryens, thou Dwarf," quoth the King, 
 
 " That for his proud message I him defy. 
 And shortly with basinz and panz will him ring 
 Oout of Northgalez, whearaz hee and I 
 With sweards (and no razerz) shall vtterly try 
 Which of vs both iz the better Barber :" 
 And thearwith he shook hiz sword Excalaber. 
 
 r . ggs 1 t-^ti this, the minstrell made a pauz & a curtezy, 
 for Primus jpassus^. More of the song iz thear, but 
 
 * A piece, or part. Shakspeare uses tlie word in King Plenry IV. part I. 
 act 3, scene 1. 
 
 " And cuts me, from the best of all my land, 
 A huge half -moon, a monstrous catitle out. — Burn, p. 10. 
 2 battle, — Burn. 3 yelled. ■* Wastel, fine bread. 
 
 6 In the numbering of the pages in the original, 55 is skipped. 
 6 First fitt, 1st canto. Passus is the name for the divisions in Fiers Plowman, 
 
IVednesday, July 27, 1575. The Queen goes. 43 
 
 I gat it not. Az for the matter, had it cum to the sheaw, I 
 think the fello would haue handled it well ynoough. 
 
 Her highnes tarryed at Kyllingwoorth tyll the Wednesday 
 after, being the 27 of this luly, and the ninteenth (inclu- 
 siue) of her Maiestiez cumniing thither^. 
 
 For which seuen daiz, perceyuing my notez so slenderly 
 aunswering : I tooke it less blame too ceas, & thearof too 
 write yoo nothing at al, then in such matterz to write no- 
 thing likely. And so mooch the rather (az I haue well be- 
 thooght me) that if I dyd but ruminate the dayz I haue 
 spoken of, I shall bring oout yet sumwhat more, meet for 
 yoor appetite, (thoogh a deinty tooth haue ye,) which I be- 
 leue yoor tender stomak will brook wel inoogh. 
 
 Whearof part iz : fyrst hoow according to her highnes 
 
 name ELIZABETH, which I heer say oout of the 
 
 seauenz. Hebru signifieth (amoong oother) the Seauenth of 
 
 my God : diuerz things heer did soo iustly in number 
 
 square with the same. Az fyrst, her highnes hither cum- 
 
 ming in this seauenth fmoonth : then, prezented with the 
 
 [- , g» -, seauen prezents of the seauen Gods : and after, 
 
 with the melody of the seauen sorted muzik in the 
 
 dollphin, the Lakeladiez gyft. 
 
 Then, too, consider how fully the Grods (az it seemed) had 
 conspyred most magnificently in aboundauns too bestow 
 theyr influencez & gyfts vpon her coourt, thear too make her 
 Maiesty merry. 
 
 Sage Saturn himself in parson (that bycauz of 
 Pal^ ^^ ^^^ lame leg coold not so well stur) in chayr thear- 
 fore too take order with the graue ofl&cerz of hoous- 
 hold, holpen in deed with the good aduise of his prudent 
 Nees Pallas : That no vnruly body or disquiet disturb the 
 nobl assemblee, or els be ons so bolld too enter within the 
 Castl gatez. Awey with al rascallz, captiuez, melawcholik, 
 waiward, froward, Coniurerz, and Vsurers ! and to haue la- 
 borers and vnderwoorkmen for tJie beautifying of ony place, 
 alwey at hand, az they shoold be commaunded. 
 lu iter lupiter. Sent parsonagez of hy honor & dig- 
 
 nitee : Barons, Lords, Ladies, luges. Bishops, 
 Lawyerz, Doctors : with them, vertu, noblness, equitee, liber- 
 r , gg n alitee & compassionf : due seazo?i, & faj-r weather : 
 sauing that, at the petition of hiz deer sister Ceres, 
 
 ^ See Notes at the end. 
 
44 The Gods and Goddesses^ gifts to the Queen. 
 
 he grauwted a day or too of sum sweet shoourz for rypening 
 of her corn that waz so well set, & too set forward haruest : 
 Heerwith, bestoed he such plenty of pleazaunt thunder, 
 lightning, & thutiderbollts, by hiz halting sun & fyer- 
 master, Vulcan, stil fresh & fresh framed, alweyz so frequent, 
 so intellabl, & of such continuauns in the spej7-ding (az I 
 partly toUd ye) consumed, that surely he seemz too be, az 
 of poour inestimabl, so, in store of municion, vnwastabl. 
 For all Quid's censure, that saiz : 
 
 8i quoties peccant homines, sua fulmina mittat 
 lupiter : exiguo tempore inermis erit. 
 If loue shoold shoot hiz thuwderbollts az oft as men offend. 
 Assure yoo hiz artillary wold soon be at an end. 
 
 What a number of estatez & of nobilitee had lupiter as- 
 sembled thear, gess yee by this : that of sort woorshipfull 
 thear wear in the coourt dayly aboone fourty, whearof the 
 meynest, of a thoouza7id mark yeerly reuenu, and many of 
 mooch more. This great gyft by side did hiz deitee cast 
 vpon her highnes, too haue fayr & seazonabl weather at her 
 i-.. -q-, ooun appointment : II According whearvnto, her Ma- 
 
 iestye so had. For her gracious prezens thearfore 
 with this great gift indewed, Lichfeeld, Worceter, and 
 Middelton', with manye placez mo, made humbl sute vntoo 
 her highnes too cum : too such whearof as her Maiesty coold, 
 it cam : and they seazon acceptabl. 
 p, , Phoebus. Biside his continuall & most delicious 
 
 muzik (az I haue toold yoo), appointed he Princes 
 too adoourn her highnes coourt, Ooounselerz, Herauds, and 
 sanguine yooth, pleazaunt & mery, costlye garments, learned 
 Phizicianz, & no neede of them. 
 J luno. Golld cheynez, Ouchez, Jewels of gret 
 
 price, & rich attyre, woorn in mooch grace & good 
 beseeming, without pryde, or emulacion of ony. 
 jj Mars. Captainz of good conduct. Men skylfull in 
 
 feats of armz, poUitik in stratagemz. Good coorage in 
 good quarelz, valiant, & wizehardy : Abandoning pikquar- 
 rels & ruflSanz : appoynting also Piirsyuaunts, currarz^ & 
 posts, still feeding her highnes with nuze & intelligencez 
 from all parts. 
 
 Venus. Venus. Vntoo the Ladyez & Gentl-§wemen, 
 
 [§p. 60.] beauty, good fauour, cumlinesse, gsila/nt attyre, 
 
 ^ See Notes at the end. - couriers. 
 
The Gods and Goddesses^ gifts to the Queen. 45 
 
 dauncing witli cmnly grace, sweet vols in song, & pleazaunt 
 tallk : witb. express commaundment & charge vntoo her 
 sunn^, on lier blessing, tliat he shoote not a shaft in the 
 Coourt all the while her highnes remayned at Killingwoorth. 
 -^ . Mercuri. Learned men in Sciencez, Poets, Mer- 
 
 chaunts, Painterz, Karuerz, Players, Engyners, 
 Deuyserz, & dexteritee in handling of all pleazaunt at- 
 tempts. 
 
 -J. Luna. Callm nights for quiet rest, and syluer 
 
 moonshine, that nightly in-deede shone for most 
 of her Maiestyez beeing thear. 
 p, Blinde Plutus. Bags of moony, Custumerz^, 
 
 Exchaungers, Bankers, Store of riches in plate 
 and in coyn. 
 g , Bacchus. Full Cups euery whear, euery oour, of 
 
 al kynds of wyne. 
 -j^ ■ Thear waz no deintee that the sea coold yeeld, 
 
 but Neptune (thoough hiz reign at the neerest ly 
 well ny a hundred mile of) did dayly send in great plenty, 
 sweet and freash. As for freashwater fish, the store of all 
 sorts waz aboundaunt. 
 ^ And hoow bountiful Ceres in prouizion waz, gess 
 
 ye by this : that in lyttl more then *a three dayz 
 r* fii 1 space, 72. tunn of Ale & Beer waz pyept^ vp quite, 
 '■ what that mighte, whilst with it of bread, beside 
 
 meat, I report me to yoo. And yet, master Controller, mas- 
 ter Coferar, and diuerz officers of the Coourt, sum honorabl, 
 and sundrye right woorshipfull, placed at Warwik for more 
 rooum in the Castl. But heer was no ho*. Master Martin, in 
 deuoout drinking allwey : that broughte a lak^ vnlookt for ; 
 whiche being knoen too the Woorshipfull my Lord's good 
 neighboourz, cam thear in a too dayz space, from sundry 
 friendz, a releef of a xl. tunn, till a nu supply was gotten 
 agayn : and then too oour drinking a freshe, az fast az euer 
 we did. 
 Flora Flora. Abrode & within the hoous ministred of 
 
 flourz so great a quantitee : of such sweet sauoour, 
 so beautifully hued, so large and fayr of proporcion, and of 
 so straunge kindez & shapez, that it waz great pleasure too 
 
 1 Cupid. 
 
 ^ Collectors of the customs, or duties payable at ports to the Queen. See 
 Master Smith, Ciistumer, p. 61. 
 
 2 piped, suckt, swallowed. * halt, stop. ^ Orig. a-lak. 
 
46 The Gods and Goddesses' gifts to the Queen. 
 
 see : & so moocli the more, az thear waz great store yet 
 counterfet & foormed of featlierz by art, lyke glorioous too 
 the sheaw az wear the naturall. 
 
 Protheus. Protheus. Hiz Tumbler that coold by nimbl- 
 rtp. 62.1 iiGSs cast himself intoo so manyf foorms & facionz. 
 Pan. Hiz mery morrys dauns, with their pype 
 ^^^- & taber. 
 
 Bellona. Bellona. Her quintine knights, & proper bick- 
 
 erings of the Couentree men. 
 Polyphe- Polyphemus. Neptunez sun & heyr (let him, I 
 "^^^* pi'ay, & it be but for hiz father's sake and for his 
 
 good wyll, he allowed for a God,) with hiz bearz, hiz bear- 
 whealps, and bandogs. 
 
 . , .^olus. Holldinef vp hiz windez while her high- 
 
 nes at any tyme took pleazure on the water, and 
 staying of tempests during [lier] abode heer. 
 „ , Syluanus. Beside hiz plentifuU prouizion of 
 
 fooul for deynty viaunds, his pleazaunt and sweet 
 singing byrds : whearof I will sheaw yoo more anon. 
 Echo. Echo. Her wel endighted dialog. 
 
 Faunus. Faunus. Hiz ioly Sauage. 
 
 Genius. Genius loci. Hiz tempring of al things within 
 
 & without, with apt tyme & place too pleazure & delight, 
 p, ., Then the three Charites : Aglaia, with her 
 
 lightsum gladnes. Thalia, her floorishing freshnes. 
 Euphrosyne, her cheerfullnes of spirite; and with theez 
 P , „„ -, three in one assent, Concordia : with fher amitee and 
 good agreement. That too hoow great effects their 
 poourz wear pooured oout heer among vs, let it bee iudged 
 by this : that by a multytude thus met, of a three or foour 
 thoouzand, euery day, and diuerz dayz more, of so sundry 
 degrees, professions, agez, appetytz, dispozicions, & affec- 
 tions : such a drifte of tyme was thear passed, with such 
 amitee, looue, pastime, agreement, and obediens whear it 
 shoold : and without quarrel, iarring, grudging, or (that I 
 coold heer) of yll woord between any. A thing, master 
 Martin, very rare & straunge ; and yet no more straunge 
 then tru. 
 
 The Parcae (as earst I shoold haue sayd) the 
 
 first night of her Maiestiez cumming : they — heer- 
 
 ing & seeing so precioous ado heer at a place vnlookt for, in 
 
 an vplondish cuntree so far within the Ream, — preassing 
 
 iatoo euery steed whear her highnes went, "whearby so 
 
The Fates stop working during the Queen's visit. 47 
 
 duddld* with, such varietee of delyghts, did set aside their 
 huswifryCj coold not for their harts tend their work a whyt. 
 But after they had seen her Maiesty a bed, gat them a 
 prying into euery place ; olid hags, az fond of nuellries^, az 
 yoong girls that had neuer seen Court afore* : but neyther 
 r^ g . 1 full with gazing, nor wery with gadding, leaft 
 of yet for that time ; and at high midnight, gate 
 them gigling, (but not alooud,) into the prezens Chamber : 
 minding indeed with their prezent diligens, too recompens 
 their former slaknes. 
 
 So, setting themseluez thus dooun too their woork : " alas !" 
 sayz Atropos, " I haue lost my sheerz :" Lachesis laught 
 apace, and woold not draw a threed : " And thinke ye, damez, 
 that ilehoold the distaff whyle both ye sit idle ? why, no ! by 
 my mootherz soil !" quod Clotho. Thearwith, fayr lapt in a 
 fine lawn the spindel and rok^, that waz dizend with pure 
 purpl sylk, layd they safely vp toogyther : that of hir Mai- 
 estyez distaff, for an eighteen dayz, thear waz not a threed 
 spoon, I assure you. 
 
 The two systers after that, (I hard say,) began their woork 
 again : that long may they continu ; but Atropos hard no 
 ty dings of her sheers ; and not a man that moned her loss. 
 She iz not belooued surely ; for this I can tell yoo : that 
 whither it bee for hate too the hag, or looue to her highnes, 
 or els for both, euery man prayz God she may neuer find 
 r, g . -, them for that woork, and so pray I fdayly and duly 
 with the deuooutest. 
 
 Thus partly ye perceyue noow, hoow greatly the Gods can 
 do for mortals, and hoow mooch alwey they looue whear 
 they like, that what a gentl loue waz thys, thus curteoosly 
 too contriue heer such a treyn of Gods ! Nay then rather, 
 master Martin, (to cum oout of oour poeticaliteez, & too talk 
 no more serioous tearms), what a magnificent lord may we 
 iustly accoant him, that cold so highli cast order for such a 
 lupiter, & all hiz Gods besid, that none with hiz influens, 
 good property, or prezewt, wear wanting : but aalweis redy 
 at hand, in such order and aboundans, for the honoring and 
 delight of so high a Prins, oour most gracious Queen & 
 souerain. A prins (I say,) so singuler in preeminens & 
 worfchines abooue al other Princes and digniteez of oour 
 
 * muddled, confused. Cp. doddle to totter; doddy-pate, doddypoU, a num- 
 Btull, fool, in my Ballads from MSS, vol. i. 
 2 noveliies, novelties, new things. ^ See Notes at the end. 
 
48 Praise of Lord Leicester and Kenilworth. 
 
 time : thoogli I make no comparison too yeerz past, to Mm 
 that in thiz point, either of ignorauns (if any sucli can be) 
 or els of maleuolens, woold make any doout : ' Sit Uher index ' 
 (az they say) let him look on the matter, and aunswer him- 
 self : he haz not far too trauell. 
 
 Az for the Amplitude of his Lordship's mynde : all bee it 
 r& 6f? 1 ^^^^ I, poor soil, can in §conceit no more attain vntoo, 
 
 then iudge of a gem, whearof I haue no skill, ye, 
 thoogh daily worn & resplendant in myne ey : yet sum of 
 the vertuze and propertiez thearof, in quantitee or qualitee 
 so apparaunt az cannot be hidden, but seene of all men, 
 moought I be the boolder too reaport her vnto yoo : but as 
 for the valu, yoor iewellers by their Garrets let them cast, and 
 they can. 
 
 And fyrst : who that considerz vntoo the stately seat of 
 Kenelwoorth Castl, the rare beauty of bilding that his honor 
 hath auaunced^ : all of the hard quarry stone : euery room so 
 spacioous, so well belighted, and so hy roofed within : So 
 seemely too sight by du proportioii without : a day time on 
 euerye side so glittering by glasse, a nights by continuall 
 brightnesse of candel, fyre, & torchlight, transparent throogh 
 the lyghtsom wyndz, az it wear the Egiptian Pharos re- 
 lucent vntoo all the Alexandrian coast; or els (too tallke 
 merily with my mery freend) thus radiaunt, as thoogh 
 Phoebus for hiz eaz woold rest him in the Oastl, and not 
 euery night so to trauell dooun vnto the Antipodes. Heertoo, 
 P^ „w -, so fully furnisht of rich apparell, & vtensilez *apted 
 
 in all pointes to the best. 
 
 Vntoo thiz, hiz honorz exquisit appointment of a 
 den. ^^' fceautifuU garden^, an aker or more of quantitee, 
 
 that lyeth on the north thear. Whearin, hard all 
 along the Castl wall, iz reared a pleazaunt Torres of a ten 
 
 ^ See Notes at tlie end. 
 
 2 It would appear from the " Secret Memoirs of the Earl of Leicester," that 
 the magnificent gardens and spacious parks at Kenilworth were not completed 
 without some oppression on the part of their possessor, as the unknown author 
 of the ahove work thus speaks concerning them : — " The like proceedings he 
 used with the tenants ahout KUKngworth, where he received the said Lord- 
 ship and Castle from the Prince, in gift, of 24?. yearly rent, or thereabouts, 
 hath made it better than 500?. by year, by an old record also found, by great 
 good fortune, in a hole of the wall, as it is given out (for he hath singular 
 good luck always in finding out records for his purpose ;) by virtue whereof 
 he hath taken from his tenants round about, their lands, woods, pastures, and 
 commons, to make himself parks, chases, and other commodities therewith, to 
 the subversion of many a good family which was maintained there beforethis 
 
The beautiful Garden at Kenilworth. 49 
 
 foot hy & a twelue brode, eeuen vnder foot, & fresTi of fyne 
 grass : az iz allso tlie side thearof toward the gardein, in 
 whiche by sundry equall distauncez^ with obelisks^ sphearz, 
 and white bearz^^ all of stone_, vpo?^ theyr curioouz basez^ by 
 goodly shew wear set : too theez, too fine arbers redolent by 
 sweet trees and floourz^ at ech end one, the garden plot 
 
 devoiirer set foot in that country." At a subsequent part of the same volume 
 is mentioned Lord Leicester's "intolerable tyranny" upon the lands of one 
 Lane, ''who offered to take Killingworth Castle." A royal favourite, how- 
 ever, and a successful minister, was never yet without enemies, and it is cer- 
 tain that Lord Leicester was not ; the whole of the volume out of which these 
 extracts have been made, is filled with charges of the most dreadful crimes 
 with which human nature can be stained ; yet even these are related with 
 such levity, such seeming familiarity with vice, that the reader is tempted to 
 believe that a gTeat proportion of it was fabricated by malice, and that the 
 author was even worse than the character he describes. But to return : — The 
 garden mentioned in the text will doubtless remind some readers of those 
 splendid pleasure-grounds which belonged to Lord Burleigh, at Theobalds in 
 Hertfordshire, and Sir "Walter Raleigh's at Shirbume Castle in Dorsetshire. 
 Of the former. Peck, in his " Desiderata Curiosa," says, " He also greatly de- 
 lighted in making gardens, foimtains, and walks, which at Theobalds were 
 perfected most costly, beautifully, and pleasantly. "Where one might walk 
 two miles in the walks before he came to their ends." Sir Paul Hentzner, in 
 his "Journey into England," when speaking of the same place, describes it 
 more particularly. " From this place " [i. e. the gallery,] " one goes into the 
 garden, encompassed with a ditch full of water, large enough for one to have 
 the pleasure of going in a boat, and rowing between the shrubs ; here are 
 gTeat variety of trees and plants ; labyrinths made with a great deal of labour ; 
 a jet d'eau, with its bason of white marble ; and columns and pyramids of 
 wood and other materials up and down the garden : After seeing these, we 
 were led by the gardener into the summer-house, in the lower part of which, 
 built semicircularly, are the twelve Roman Emperors, in white marble, and a 
 table of touchstone ; the upper part of it is set round with cisterns of lead, 
 into which water is conveyed through pipes, so that fish may be kept in them, 
 and in summer time they are very convenient for bathing ; in another room 
 for entertainment, very near this, and joined to it by a little bridge, is an oval 
 table of red marble." Concerning the pleasure-grounds at Shirbume, in 
 Peck's work before cited, there is only a notice that Sir "Walter Raleigh had 
 drawn the river through the rocks into his garden ; but Coker states, that he 
 built in the park adjoining to the Castle, " from the ground, a most fine house, 
 which he beautified with orchards, gardens, and groves, of such variety and 
 delight, that whether you consider the goodness of the soil, the pleasantness 
 of the seat, and other delicacies belonging to it, it is unparalleled by any in 
 bhese parts." The above extracts will be an amusing counterpart to Lane- 
 ham's elaborate description of Lord Leicester's gardens. — JSurn,-p. 110-112; 
 Nichols, i. 472. 
 
 * " These efiSgies were allusive to the ancient badge of the Earls of "Warwick, 
 «vhich was, a bear erect Argent, muzzled Gules, supporting a ragged staff of the first ; 
 the ragged staffs were introduced in another part of the garden, vide ante, 
 page 75. Lord Leicester's connexion with the Earls of Warwick was through 
 the houses of Lisle and Beauchamp, brought into the family of Dudley by his 
 mother, Elizabeth Talbot. In 1561, Ambrose Dudley, Robert's elder brother, 
 was made Earl of Warwick, and consequently the badge was thus introduced." 
 —Burn, p. 112; Nichols, 1. 473. 
 
 J3 
 
60 The Garden and Bird-Cage at Kenilworth. 
 
 vnder that, with fayr alleyz green by grass, eeuen voided 
 from the borderz a both sydez, and sum (for chaunge) with 
 sand, not light or to soft, or soilly by dust, but smooth and 
 fyrme, pleasaunt too walk on az a sea shore when the water 
 iz auaild^ : then, much gracified by du proporcion of four 
 eeuen quarterz : in the midst of each, vpon a base a too 
 foot square, & hy, seemly borderd of it self, a square 
 pilaster rizing pyramidally, of a fyfteen foote hy : Simmetri- 
 cally peerced through, from a foot beneath, vntill a too foot 
 r+ 68 1 ^^ ^^ ^^P • ^^^^^1' vpon, for a Capitell, an Orb of a 
 
 tenf inches thik : euery of theez (withhiz base) from 
 the groound too the top of one hole pees, heawen oout of 
 hard Porphiry, and with great art & heed (thinks me) 
 thyther conueyd, & thear erected. 
 
 Whear further allso, by great cast & cost, the sweetnes of 
 sauoour on all sidez, made so respiraunt^ from the redolent^ 
 plants and fragrant earbs and floourz, in foorm, cooUer and 
 quantitee, so delicioously variant : and frute Trees bedecked 
 with their Applz, Peares, iand ripe Cherryez. 
 mi^ p And vnto theez, in the midst, agaynst the Torres : 
 
 a square cage, sumptuoous and beautifuU, ioyned 
 hard to the Northwall (that a that side gards the gardein, 
 as the gardein the Castl), of a rare form and excellency was 
 reyzed : in heyth a twentye foot, thyrty long, and a foour- 
 teen brode. From the ground strong k, close, reared 
 breast hy, whearat a soyl of a fayr moolding was coouched 
 all aboout : From that vpward, foour great wyndoz a froont, 
 and too at each eend, euery one a fyue foot wide, az many 
 mo eeuen abooue them, diuided on all parts by a transum^ 
 and Architraue^ so likewize raunging aboout the Cage. Each 
 windo arched in the top, and §parted from oother in eeuen 
 r , gg -. distauns by flat fayr bolteld^ columns, all in foorm 
 
 & beauty like, that supported a cumly Cornish, 
 
 * avaled, lowered, gone down, ebbed. Fr. d val. 
 
 ^ Fit for breathing, refreshing ; Lat. respira-^ revive, be refreshed. 
 ^ Lat. redolent-, emitting a scent, diffusing an odour. 
 
 ^ Transom, an overthwart Beam or Brow-Post : Kersey's Phillips ; the piece 
 of Timber which is fram'd across in a double light Window : Blount. 
 
 * Architrave, the main Beam in any Building, and the first Member of the 
 Entablature, i. e. that part of a Stone-Pillar which is above the Capital and 
 below the Frize : In Timber-Buildings, it is called the Reason-piece or Master- 
 Beam ; in Chimneys, the Mantle-piece; and over the Jambs of Doors or 
 Lintels of Windows, 'tis termed Hyperthyron. — Kersey's Phillips. 
 
 ^ Boltel is a term used in building, to signify any prominence or jetting- 
 out beyond the flat face of the wall. — Burn, p. 112 ; Nichols, i. 474. 
 
The Bird- Cage in Kenilworth Garden. 51 
 
 couclied al along vpon the hole* square. Which, with a wire 
 net, finely knit, of mashez sixe square, an inch wyde (az it 
 wear for a flat roof) and likewise the space of euery windo, 
 with great cunning and cumlines, eeuen and tight, waz al 
 ouerstrained. Vnder the Cornish again, euery part beauti- 
 fyed with great Diamons, Emerauds, Rubyes, and Saphyres : 
 poynted, tabid, rok, and roound^, garnisht with their goUd by 
 skilfuU hed and hand, and by toile and pensill so lyuely 
 exprest, az it mought bee great marueil and pleasure to con- 
 sider how neer excellency of art could approch vntoo per- 
 fection of nature. 
 
 Bear with me, good cuntreeman, thoogh thinges be not 
 sheawed heer az well az I woold, or az well as they shoold. 
 For indeed I can better imagin & coTiceyue that I see, then 
 wel vtter, or duly declare it. Holez wear thear also, and 
 cauerns, in orderly distauns & facion, voyded intoo the wall, 
 az wel for heat, for coolnes, for roost a nightz, & refuge in 
 weather, az allso for breeding, when time iz. More, fayr, 
 P , »Q -, eeuen, and fresh fholly treez, for pearching and proin- 
 ing', set within, tooward each eend one. Heereto 
 their diuersitee of meats, theyr fine seueral vessels for their 
 water, and sundry grainz. And a man skilful and diligent 
 to looke too them and tend them. 
 
 But (shall I tell yoo) the siluer soounded Lute, withoout 
 the sweet toouch of hand : the glorioous goolldeu cup, with- 
 oout the fresh fragrant wine; or the rich ring with gem, 
 without the fayr feawtered* fiynger, iz nothing indeede in 
 hiz proper grace & vse : Euen so his Honor accounted of 
 thiz mansion, till he had plast thear tenauntes according : 
 Had it thearfore replenishte with liuely Burds, English, 
 French, Spanish, Canarian, and (I am deceaued if I saw not 
 
 * Orig. bole. 
 
 " It is evident that these precious stones were imitated in painting ; and 
 that they were meant to represent the gems in their various appearances. 
 Pointed, or rose, as it is termed by the lapidaries, is when a stone is cut with 
 many angles rising from an octagon, and terminating in a point. Tabled 
 is when a diamond is formed with one flat upper surface ; and the word table 
 also signifies the principal face. Rough is understood to mean the gem in its 
 primary state, when its radiance is seen to sparkle through the dross of the 
 mine. Round denotes the jewel when it is cut and polished with a convex 
 surface. The expression, " Garnisht with their golld," which follows in the 
 text, signifies ornamented with their settings. — Burn, p. 112-13; Nichols, i. 
 474. — See, also, Kenilworth Illustrated, p. 102, where the writer says, that 
 "rough" is the modem term for Laneham's "rok." 
 
 ^ preening : for birds to trim and clean their feathers on. 
 
 ♦ t featured, shaped, ovfeutred, poised. 
 
 E 2 
 
52 The Fountain in Kenilworth garden. 
 
 sum) African. Whearby, wliitlier it becam more deligbt- 
 sum in cliaunge of tunez and armony too the eare : or els in 
 differens of cooUerz, kyndez, & propertyez too the ey, He tell 
 yoo if I can wheu I haue better bethought me. 
 
 One day (Master Martin) az the Gardin-door 
 diner ^^' ^^^ open, & her highnes a hunting, by licens of my 
 good freend Adriau I cam in at a bek, but woold 
 skant oout with a thrust : for sure I waz loth so soon to depart, 
 rs 71 1 §Well may this (Master Martyn) bee sumwhat 
 
 too magnitude of mynde : but more thearof az ye 
 shall kno, more cauz ye shall haue so too think : heer out 
 what I tel yoo, and tell me when we meet. 
 
 In the center (az it wear) of this goodly Gar- 
 tain ^^^' "^^iii^ ^^^ theer placed a very fayre Foountain, 
 cast intoo an eight square, reared a four foot hy, 
 from the midst whearof a Colum vp set in the shape of too 
 Athlants ioined togeather a backhalf, the toon looking East, 
 toother West, with theyr hands vphollding a fayr formed 
 boll, of a three foot ouer : from wheans sundrye fine pipez 
 did liuely distill continuall streamz intoo the receyt^ of the 
 Foountayn, maynteyned styll too foot deep by the same 
 fresh falling water : whearin pleazauntly playing too & fro, 
 & round about. Carp, Tench, Bream, and for varietee, Pearch 
 & Eel, fysh fayrliking all, and large ; in the toppe, the ragged 
 staffe^, which, with the boll, the pillar, and eyght sides 
 beneath, wear all heawen oout of rich & hard white Marbl. 
 A one syde, Neptune with, his Tridental Fuskin^ triumphing 
 in hiz Throne, trayled into the deep by his marine horsez. 
 On another, Thetis in her chariot drawn *by her Dollphins. 
 r*D 72 1 Then, Triton by hiz fyshez. Heer, Protheus beard- 
 ing hiz sea buls. Thear, Doris & her dooughterz 
 solacyng a sea & sandz. The wauez soourging with froth 
 & fome, entermengled in place with whalez, whirlpoolz*, 
 sturgeonz, Tunneyz, Conchs, & wealks : all engrauen- by ex- 
 quisit deuize and skill, so az I maye thinke this not much 
 inferioour vnto Phoebus gatez, which (Ouid sayz), & perad- 
 uentur a pattern to thiz, thai Vulcan himself dyd cut : whear- 
 of such was the excellency of art, that the woork in valu sur- 
 moounted the stufif; and yet wer the gatez all of clean massy 
 syluer. 
 
 * pool, basin. ^ See note 2 above, p. 9. 
 ^ Lat. fuscina, a three-pronged spear, a trident. 
 
 * Fr. Morepole : /., A whirlepoole (fish). — Cotgrave. 
 
The Kenilworth Garden is Paradise. 53 
 
 Heer wear thinges^ ye see^ moouglit enflame ony mynde too 
 long after looking : but whoo so was found so hot in desyre, 
 witli the wreast^ of a Cok was sure of a coolar : water spurt- 
 ing vpward with such vehemency, az they shoold by & by 
 be moystned from top too to : The hees to sum laughing, 
 but the shees to more sport. 
 
 Thiz sumtime waz occupied to very good pastime^. 
 
 A Garden then so appoynted, az wliearin aloft vpon 
 sweet shadoed wallk of Torres, in heat of Soomer, too feel 
 P , -„ 1 the pleazau7itt whysking winde abooue, or delectabl 
 coolnes of the foountain spring beneath : Too tast 
 of delicioous strawberiez, cheryez, & oother frutez, eeuen 
 from their stalks : Too smell such fragrancy of sweet odoourz 
 breathing from the plants, earbs, & flooui-z : Too heer such 
 naturall meloodioous musik, and tunez of burds : To haue 
 in ey, for myrth, sumtime theez vndersprynging streamz ; 
 then, the woods, the waters (for both pool & chase wer hard 
 at ha?id in sight), the deer, the peepl (that oout of the East 
 arber in the base coourt, allso at hande in view), the frute 
 trees, the plants, the earbs, the floourz, the chaunge in 
 coolers, the Burds flyttering, the Poountaine streaming, the 
 Fysh swymming : all in such delectabl varietee, order, dig- 
 Paradisus. nitee : whearby at one moment, in one place, at 
 Grtec. hande, without trauell, too haue so full fruition of 
 
 Hortus many Gods blessinges, by entver delis'ht vnto 
 
 AutHebi-Ee. al sencez (if al can take) at ones: for Etymon of 
 Pardes, id the woord woorthy to bee calld Paradys^ : and 
 est, Hortus. ^]-^Q^g]^ ^qj^ qq goodly az Paradis, for want of the 
 fayr Riuers, yet better a great deel by the lak of so vnhappy 
 a tree. Argument most certein of a right nobl minde, that 
 (-, _ . -] in this soort coold §haue thus all contriued. 
 
 But, Master Martin, yet one wyndlesse* must I 
 
 The nwii- featch, too make ye one more fayr coorz, and I can : 
 
 ®^ ■ and cauz I speak of one : let me tel yoo a littl of 
 
 the dignitee of onehod, whearin allweyz al hy Deitee, al Soue- 
 
 raintee, Preeminens, Principalitee, and Concord withoout pos- 
 
 ^ twist, turn. 
 
 2 This sentence is wanting in the Dutchess of Portland's copy. — Nichols, ed. 
 1788, i. 46. 
 
 * Laneham, in making use of this expression, gave to Lord Leicester's 
 gardens a name which it was customary to apply to pleasure-grounds and 
 houses in the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries, as in the instances of 
 Wressell and Lekinfield, in the East Eiding of Yorkshire. — JSurii, p. 113 
 Nichols, i. 477. "^ See Notes at the end. 
 
54 Of Ones and Twos, and the 2 Kenilworth Dials. 
 
 sibilitee of disagreement^ iz conteyned. Az one Grod, one Sa- 
 uioour, one Feitli^ one Prins^ one Sun_, one Plienix; and, az one 
 of great wizdom sayz, one hart, one wey^ . Whear onehod reinz, 
 tlier quiet bears rule, & discord fliez a pase. Three again 
 may signify cumpany, a meeting, a multitude, pluralitee: 
 so az all talez and numbrings from too vntoo tbree, and so 
 vpward, may well be counted numberz, till they moount vn- 
 too infinitee, or els too confusion, wbicli thing the sum of 
 Too can neuer admit : nor it self can well bee coounted a 
 number, but rather a freendly coniunction of too ones, that, 
 keeping in a synceritee of accord, may purport vnto vs, 
 Charitee each too other, mutuall looue, agreement, & integ- 
 ritee of friendship withoout dissimulation. Az iz in thez : 
 The too testamentes. The too Tables of the Law. The 
 too great lights, Duo luminariaf magna, The Sun & Moon, 
 p, -g -, And but mark a lyttl, I pray, and see hoow of all 
 
 things in the world, oour toongs in tallk doo alweyz 
 so redily trip vpon tooz, payrz, & cooplz : sumtymez as of 
 things in equality, sumtime of differens, sumtime of con- 
 trariez, or for comparyzon, but cheefly, for the most part, of 
 things that between thewseluez do well agree & ar fast 
 linked in amitee : Az fyrst, for pastymez, hoounds and hawks : 
 deer, red & fallo ; hare and fox ; partrich & fezaunt ; fysh & 
 fooul; carp & tench. For warz, spear & sheeld, hors & 
 harneis, swoord & bukler. For sustenauns, wheat & barly, 
 peaz and beanz, meat and drink e, bread & meat, beer & ale, 
 appls and pearz. 
 
 But least by such dualiteez I draw you too far: let vs 
 heer stay, and cum neerer home. See what a sort of 
 freendly biniteez we oour seluez doo consist & stond vpon. 
 Fyrst, oour too feet, too legs, too kneez, so vpward : and 
 abooue, too shoolderz, too armz & too hawds. But cheefly 
 our principll Too, that iz, body and soil : then in the hed, 
 whear all oour sensez meet, and allmost all in Tooz : too noze- 
 thrills, too earz, and too eyz. So ar we of freendly Tooz, from 
 
 top too to. Wei, to this number of biniteez§, take 
 [§P- 76.] yg Qj^Q jj^Q fQj. ^^ vpshot, & heer an eend. Too 
 Dialk ° Dyallz ny vnto the battilments ar set aloft vpon too 
 
 of the sidez of Cezarz toour, one East, thoother 
 Soouth^ ; for so stond they best to sheaw the oourz too the 
 
 ^ The motto of the great Lord Bacon was Cor unum, una via. — Ken. III. p. 38. 
 2 The marks occasioned by fastening up these dials are very distinct and 
 ohvious at the present day (1821). — Ken. III. p. 38, note 4. 
 
The 2 Dials always pointed to two o'clock. 56 
 
 tooun & cuntree : both fayre^ large, and rich, by vyse^ for 
 groou9id, & goold for letterz, whearby they glitter conspic- 
 uous a great wey of. The clokbell that iz good & shrill, 
 waz commaunded too silens at first, and in deede sang not a 
 note all the while her highnes waz thear ; the clok stood also 
 still withall. But mark noow, whither wear it by chauns, 
 by constellation of sfcarz, or by fatall appoyntment (if fatez 
 and starz doo deal with dialz) . Thus waz it in deede : The 
 handz of both the tablz stood firm and fast, 
 atii a clok ^^weyz poynting too iust too a clok, still at too a 
 clok. Which thing beholding by hap at first, but 
 after seriously marking in deed, enprinted intoo me a deepe 
 sign & argument certein. That thiz thing, amoong the rest, 
 waz for full signifiauns of his Lordship^s honorabl, frawk, 
 frendly, and nobl hart toward al estates. Which, whither cum 
 they to stay & take cheer, or straight to returne : too see, 
 (-^ „- -, or to be seene : cum they for duty too her Maiesty 
 
 or looue *too hiz Lordship, or for both ; cum they 
 early or late : for his Lordship's part, they cum allweyz all 
 at too a clok, een iump^ at too a clok : That iz to say, in good 
 harte, good acceptauns, in amitee, and freendlye wellcoom. 
 Who saw els that I saw, in right must say az I say. For so 
 manye thinges byside. Master Humfrey, wear heerin so con- 
 sonant vnto my construction, that thiz poynting of the clok 
 (to my self) I took in amitee, as an oracle certain. And 
 heer iz my windlesse, lyke yoor coorse as pleaz ye. 
 
 But noow, syr, to cum to eend. For receyuing of her 
 hig [h] nes, and entertainment of all thoother estatez. Syns of 
 delicatez that ony wey mought serue or delight : az of wyne, 
 spice, deynty viaunds, plate, Musik, ornaments of hoous, 
 rich arras & sylk, (too say nothing of the meaner thinges,) 
 the mass by prouizion waz heaped so hoouge, which the 
 boounty in spending did after bewray. The conceit so 
 deep in casting the plat at first. Such a wizdom and cun- 
 ning in acquiring things so rich, so rare, and in such abun- 
 dauns : by so imminens^ & profuse a charge of expens, whiche 
 r . Kg 1 by so honorabl seruis & exquisit order, curteizy fof 
 
 officerz, and humanitee of al, wear after so boounti- 
 fuUy bestoed and spent, what may this express, what may 
 this set oout vntoo vs, but only a magnifyk minde, a singuler 
 
 * See Hotes at tlie end. 
 
 ^ plump, exactly. Did the two mean Elizabeth and Leicester ? 
 
 3 immense ; or notewortliy, wondrous, startling, from emintns. 
 
56 The great Tent, great Wether, and great Child. 
 
 wizdoonij a prinsly purs^ and an heroicall hart ? If it wear my 
 theam^ Master Martin^ too speake of hiz Lordship's great honor 
 & magnif [i] cens, though it be not in me too say sufficiently, 
 az bad a penclark az I am, yet coold I say a great deel more. 
 
 But being heer now in magnificens, & matters of great- 
 
 nes : it fals wel too mynd, The greatnes of his 
 
 Tent^^^^ honor's Tent, that for her Maiestyez dining was 
 
 pighte at long Ichington, the day her highnes cam 
 
 to Killingworth Oastl. A tabernacl indeed, for number and 
 
 shift of large and goodlye roomz, for fayr & eazy offices, both 
 
 inward & ooutward, al so likesum in order & eysight, that 
 
 iustly for dignitee maybe comparabl with a beautifull Pallais, 
 
 & for greatnes & quatititee with a proper tooun, or rather, 
 
 a Cittadell. But to be short, least I keepe yoo too long 
 
 from the Ryall Exchaunge noow, and too cauz yoo conceyue 
 
 mooche matter in feawest woordes : the Iron bedsted of 
 
 Og the King of Basan (ye wot) waz foour yards 
 
 r§p" 79 1 ^"^^ ^ halfe long, and too yards § wide^, whearby ye 
 
 consider a Gyaunt of a great proportion waz he. 
 
 This tent had seauen cart lode of pynz^ perteining too it : 
 
 noow for the greatness, gess az ye can. 
 
 And great az it waz (too marshall oour matters of great- 
 nes togither), not forgetting a Weather at Grafton, brought 
 too the Coort, that for body and wooll was exceding great : 
 the meazure I tooke not ; let me sheaw you with what great 
 marueyl a great Chyld of Leycetershire, at this long Iching- 
 ton, by the Parents waz prezented : great (I say) of limz & 
 proportion, of a foour foot & foour inches hy : and els lanu- 
 ginoous^ az a lad of eyghteen yee[r]z, beeing indeede auowd 
 too be but six yeer olid : nothing more bewraying hiz age 
 thew hiz wit : that waz, as for thooz yeers, simpl & childish. 
 
 As for vnto hiz Lordship, hauing with such greatnes of 
 
 ^ honorabl modestye & benignitee so passed foorth, 
 
 "^^^^ ■ as Laudem sine imiidia et amicos ^ararit, By great- 
 
 nesse of well dooing, woon with all sorts to bee in such re- 
 
 ■Q]^ uerens, az : Be quo mentirifama veretur. In syncer- 
 
 itee of freendship so great, az no man more 
 
 deuooutly woorships. 
 
 ^ Deuteronomy, chap. iii. verse 11. — Burn. 
 
 " The pins or pegs driven into the ground to hold the tent-ropes. (See 
 note -, p. 5 above.) 
 
 3 Lat. lanuginosus, full of, or abounding in lanugo (a wool-like production, 
 down, etc.), hence 'covered with down, downy.' — White and Riddle, 
 
 < Terentius, Andr. T. i. Z<d.— Nichols, ed. 1788, i. 50. 
 
The great Lord Leicester. His kindness to Laneham. 67 
 
 [*p. 80.] ^Ulud amicitia sanctuva. et venerahile nomen. 
 Quid. 
 
 So great in liberalities az liatli no wey to lieap vp the 
 mass of hiz trezure^ but only by liberal gyuing & boounteoous 
 bestoing liiz trezure : foloing (az it seemez) the saw^ of 
 MartialPj tliat sayth. 
 
 Extra fortunam est, quicquid donatur atnicis ; 
 Quas dederis, solas semper hahehis opes. 
 
 Oout of all liazered doest tliou set tliat to tliy freends 
 
 thoou gyuest : 
 A surer trezure canst thoou not haue euer whyle 
 
 thoou lyuest. 
 
 What may theez greatnesses bode^ but only az great 
 honor, fame, & renooum, for theez parts heer awey, az euer 
 waz vntoo thoz too nobl Greatz : the Macedonian AlexaTider 
 in Emathia or Grees, or to Romane Charles in Germanye or 
 Italy ? which, wear it in me ony wey to set oout, no man of 
 all men, by God (Master Martin), had euer more cauz, and 
 that heerby consider yoo. It pleazed his honor to beare 
 me good wil at fyrst, & so too continu. To haue giuen me 
 apparail, eeuen from hiz bak, to get me allowauns in the 
 stab], too aduauns me vntoo this worshipfuU office, so neer 
 the most honorabl Councell, to help me in my licens of 
 Beanz (though indeed I do not so much vze it, for I thank 
 rtp 811 ^°^ ^ need not), to permit my good Father to 
 serue the stabl. f^'^t^G^'i'by I go noow in my sylks, 
 that else might ruffl in my cut canues : I ryde now a hors 
 bak, that els many timez mighte mannage it a foot: am 
 knoen to their honors, & taken foorth with the best, that els 
 might be bidden to stand bak my self : My good Father a 
 good releef, that hee farez mooch the better by ; and none 
 of theez for my dezert, eyther at fyrst or syns : God, hee 
 knoez. What say ye, my good freend Humfrey ? shoold I 
 not for euer honor, extol him, al the weyz I can ? Yes, 
 by yom' leaue, while God lends me poour to vtter my 
 minde ! And (hauing az good cauz of his honor, az Virgil 
 had of Augustus Cezar,) wil I poet it a littl with Virgill, 
 and say, 
 
 * Nichols, ed. 1788, i. 60, reads 'that saw,' and says 'Another copy reads 
 t/ie law of Martial.' ^ jj^^ y., Epig. xlui. — Nichols, 
 
58 Of Leicester and the Queen. Laneham gets up at 7. 
 
 Eeloff I Nam que erit ille mihi semper Deus, illius arava. 
 
 Sepe tener nostris ah ouilibus imbuet agnus. 
 
 For lie shallbe a god to me^ till death my life consumez : 
 His auters will I sacrifice with incens and parfumez. 
 
 A singular patron of humanitee may he be well vnto vs, 
 towarde all degreez ; of Honor^ toward hy Estates ; and 
 clieeflye^ whearby we may learne in what dignitee_, worship, 
 and reuerens, her highnes iz to be esteemed, honored, and re- 
 ceiued, that waz neuer indeed more condignly doon then 
 heer, so as neither by the bylders at first, nor by fthe 
 50 H 3 -^'^^*^^ ^^ pacification after^, was euer Kenelworth 
 more nobled then by thiz, hiz Lordship^s receiuing 
 LTP- -J -j^^^, highnes heer now. 
 
 But, lesu ! lesu ! whither am I drawen noow? But tallk I of 
 my Lord onz, een thus it farez with me : I forget all, my 
 freends, & my self too. And yet yoo, being a Mercer, a 
 Merchant, az I am : my cuntreeman born, & my good 
 freend withal, whearby I kno ye ar compassiond with me : 
 Me thought it my part, sumwhat to empart vnto yoo hoow 
 it iz heer with me, & hoow I lead my life, which indeed 
 iz this : 
 
 A mornings I rize ordinarily at seauen a clok : Then 
 reddy, I go intoo the Ohappell : soon after eyght, I get me 
 commonly intoo my Lord^s Chamber, or intoo my Lord's pre- 
 zidents. Thear, at the cupboord, after I haue eaten the 
 manchet, serued oner night for liuery^, (for I dare be az boUd, 
 I promis yoo, az any of my freends the seruau7its thear : and 
 indeed, coold I haue fresh if I woold tary ; but I am of woont 
 iolly & dry^ a mornings) I drink me vp a good bol of Ale : 
 when in a sweet pot it iz defecated by al nights standing, the 
 drink iz the better ; take that of me* : & a morsell in a morn- 
 ing, with a sound draught, iz very holsome and good for the 
 ri S3 -1 eysight. Theri I am az fresh all ^the forenoon after, 
 az had I eaten a hole pees of beef. Noow, syr, 
 
 ' See ]}lotes at the end. 
 
 ^ A loaf of fine bread served-out over-niglit as Laneham's Uveri/ or allowance. 
 Henry VIII. 's Knights, and others of the King's Councell, Gentlemen of the 
 Chamber, etc., had each in 1526, 'Everie of them, being lodged within the 
 courte, for their Bouch in the morning, one chet [coarse] loafe, one manchet, 
 one gallon of ale.' — household Ordinances, p. 163. 
 
 3 Is this the first use of this now slang phrase ? 
 
 * John Eussell and Andrew Boorde say that Ale must be 5 days old before 
 it is drunk. — Babees Book, p. 128, 208. Before it was hopt, it had to be brewed 
 fresh and fresh, and must have been all the better for standing. 
 
How Robert Laneham spends his day. 59 
 
 if the Councell sit, I am at hand, wait at an inch, I warrant 
 yoo. If any make babling, " peas ! " (say I) '' woot ye whear 
 ye ar ?" if I take a lystenar, or a priar in at tlie chinks or at 
 the lokhole, I am by & by in the bones of him^ ; but now they 
 keep good order; they kno me well inough : If a be a freend, 
 or such one az I lyke, I make him sit dooun by me on a 
 foorm, or a cheast : let the rest walk, a God^s name ! 
 
 And heer doth my langagez now and than stond me in 
 good sted, my French, my Spanish, my Dutch, & my Latten, 
 sum time amoong Ambassadours men, if their Master be 
 within with the Cou7icel, sum time with the Ambassadour 
 himself, if hee bid call hiz lacky, or ask me whats a clok : 
 and I warrant ye I aunswer him roundly, that they maruell to 
 see such a fello thear : the7^ laugh I, & say nothing. Dinner 
 & supper I haue twenty placez to go to, & hartly prayd to : 
 And sumtime get I too Master Pinner, by my faith a worship- 
 full Gentlman, and az carefuU for his charge az ony hir high- 
 nez hath : thear find I alway good store of very good viaunds : 
 we eat and bee merry, thank God & the Queene ! Himself in 
 r*p 84 1 feeding very temperat & moderat az ye shall see 
 ony : *and yet, by your leaue, of a dish — az a coUd 
 pigeoOT- or so, that hath cum to him at meat, more then he 
 lookt for, — I haue seen him een so by and by surfit, az he 
 hath pluct of hiz napkin, wyept his knife, & eat not a mor- 
 sell more : lyke ynoough to stik in hiz stomake a too dayz 
 after : (Sum hard message from the higher ofl&cers, perceiue 
 ye me ?) Vpon search, hiz faithfuU dealing and diligens 
 hath found him fautles. In afternoons & a nights, sumtime 
 am I with the right worshipfull Sir George Howard, az good 
 a Gentlman as ony liuez : And sumtime at my good Lady 
 Sidneis^ chamber, a Noblewooman that I am az mooch 
 boound vntoo, as ony poore man may bee vnto so gracyous 
 a Lady : And sumtime in sum oother place ; But alwayez 
 among the Gentlwemen^ by my good will (0, yee kno that 
 cum alweyez of a gentle spirite) ; & when I see cumpany ac- 
 cording, than can I be az lyuely to ; sumtyme I foote it with 
 daunsing : noow with my Gittern, and els with my Cittern, 
 
 * give him a good dig in the rihs. 
 
 2 Mary, the sister of Rohert Dudley, Earl of Leicester, wife of Sir Henry 
 Sydney, K.G. Their son, Eohert Sydney, was created Baron Sydney of Pens- 
 hurst, in Kent, 13th May, 1603 ; created Viscount L'Isle, May 4, 1605 ; and 
 on 2 August, 1618, Earl of Leicester. — Nicolas's Feerage^ ii. 630. 
 
 ' See note " on next page. 
 
60 How Laneham sings to the Ladies, and is in love. 
 
 then at tlie Virgynalz^ : — Ye kno nothing cums amisse to mee : 
 — then carroU I vp a song withalP^ that by and by they com 
 flocking about me lyke beez too hunny : and ener they cry, 
 rj. gg 1 " anoother, good Langham, anoother !" Shall I tell 
 
 you ? twhen I see Misterz (A ! see a madde 
 
 knaue ! I had almost toUde all !) that shee gyuez onz but an ey 
 or an ear : why, then man, am I blest ! my grace, my corage, 
 my cunning iz doobled : She sayz sumtime she likez it, & then 
 I like it mooch the better ; it dooth me good to heer hoow 
 well I can doo. And, too say truth : what, with myne eyz, az I 
 can amoroously gloit it, with my Spanish sospires,^ my French 
 
 * The musical instruments principally in use in barters' shops, dming the 
 16th. and l7th. centuries were the cittern, the gitterii, the lute, and the virgi- 
 nals. Of these the cittern . . was in shape somewhat like the English guitar 
 of the last century, but had only four double strings of wire, i. e. two to each 
 note • . . The peculiarity of the cittern, or cithren, was that the third string 
 was tuned lower than the fourth, so that if the first or highest string was 
 tuned to e, the third would be the g below, and the fourth the intermediate h . . 
 The gittern . . Eitson rightly says, differed chiefly from the cittern ia being 
 strung with gut instead of wire. It was in fact a guitar. In the catalogue of 
 musical instruments left in the charge of Philip von Wilder at the death of 
 Henry VIII, we find " four Gitterons, which are called Spanish vialles." These 
 were guitars with six strings, for, at this time, the Spanish guitar had but 
 four strings, and the Spaniards gave the name of Vihuela to those with six. 
 In the old play of ' Lingua ' we read 
 
 'Tis true the finding of a dead horse-head 
 Was the first invention of string instruments, 
 Whence rose the Gitterne, Viol and the Lute. 
 
 Dodsley's Old Plays, vol. v., p. 198 . . . . 
 The virginals (probably so called because chiefly played upon by young girls) 
 resembled in shape the ' square ' pianoforte of the present day, as the harpsi- 
 chord did the ' grand.' The sound of the pianoforte is produced by a hammer 
 striking the strings ; but when the keys of the virginal or harpsichord were 
 pressed, the jacks (slender pieces of wood, armed at the upper end with quills) 
 were raised to the strings, they acted as plectra, by impinging, or twitching 
 them. — GhappeWs Popular Music, vol. i. p. 101-4. See also p. 35, 98, 248, 
 764, etc. 
 2 Compare Hugh Rhodes's Poke of Nurture in the Pahees Pook, p. 85, 
 A plyaunt seruaunt gets fauour to his great aduauntage ; 
 Promoted shall he be in offyce or fee, easilier to lyue in age. 
 Vse honest pastyme, talke or synge, or some Instrument vse : 
 Though they be thy betters, to heare they will thee not refuse. 
 
 (1. 129-36.) 
 And as to the ' Gentlwemen ' above, compare Rhodes's further directions, 
 p. 86, 
 
 For your preferment resorte to such as may you vauntage : 
 Among Grentlemen for their rewards ; to honest dames for maryage . . . 
 Honest quallityes and gentle, many men doth advaunce 
 To good maryages, trust me, and their names doth inhaunce. (1. 141-52.) 
 ' Laneham gives in this passage a specimen of making love in the various 
 languages in which he was skilled. Suspire, in the Spanish tongue, signifies 
 
Laneham's Singing. Why he's so bookish. 61 
 
 heigHes, mine Italian dulcets, my Dutch houez, 
 yP ^ my doobl releas, my hy reach ez^ my fine feyning-, 
 
 my deep diapason, my wanton warblz, my running, 
 my tyming, my tuning, and my twynkling, I can gracify the 
 matters az well az the prowdest of them ; and waz yet neuer 
 staynd, I thank God. By my troth, cvmtreman, it iz sumtim 
 by midnight ear I caw get from them. And thus haue I 
 told ye most of my trade, al the leeue long daye : what will 
 ye more ? God saue the Queene and my Lord ! I am well, I 
 thank yoo. 
 
 Heerwith ment I fully to bid ye farewell, had not this 
 doubt cum to my minde, that heer remainz a doout in yoo, 
 which I ought (me thought) in any wyze to cleer : Which 
 iz, ye maruel perchauns to see me so bookish. Let me tell 
 yoo in few woords : I went to scool forsooth both at Pollez, 
 r*p 86 1 ^ *allso at Saint Antoniez : in the fifth foorm, past 
 
 Esop fabls iwys, red Terens : " Yos istaec intro au- 
 ferte ;" & began with my Virgill " Tytire tu patulaa.'^ I coold' 
 my rulez, coold conster & pars with the best of them. Syns 
 that, az partly ye kno, haue I traded the feat of marchaun- 
 dize in sundry Cuntreyz, & so gat me Langagez, which 
 do so littl hinder my Latten, az (I thank God) haue mooch 
 encreast it. I haue leizure sumtime, when I tend not vpon 
 the coounsell : whearby, now look I on one booke, noow on 
 an other. Stories I delight in, the more auncient & rare, the 
 more likesum vntoo mee. If I tolld ye, I lyked William 
 a Malmesbery so well, bicauz of hiz diligenz & antiquitee. 
 Perchauns ye woold conster it bicauz I lone Mamzey so 
 well : but, I feith ! it iz not so : for sipt I no more Sak & 
 suger (& yet neuer but with company) \hen I doo Malmzey, 
 I should not blush so moch a dayz as I doo : ye kno my 
 minde. Well, noow ! thus fare ye hartily well ! y feith ! if with 
 wishing it coold haue been, ye had had a buk or too this 
 soomer; but we shal cum neerer shortly, & then shal we merely 
 meet ; &, grace a God ! in the mean time commerid me, I be- 
 sek yo, vntoo my good freends, almost most of them your 
 rf g.^ 1 neighbors. Master § Allderman Pullison^, a speciall 
 
 freende of mine : and, in ony wise, too my good old 
 freend Master Smith, Custumer^, by that same token, " Set 
 
 a very deep sigh ; He, in the French, expresses the emotions of the soul in 
 love ; Dolce, in Italian, means dear or beloved ; and in Dutch, Hoofsheid is 
 the word for courtship. — Burn, p. 114 ; Nichols, i. 483. 
 
 * knew ; as in ' coold hiz lesson,' p. 38. 
 
 - Afterwards Sir Thomas Pullison, and Lord Mayor in 1584. — Nichols and 
 iSurn. ^ Sefc p. 45, note. 
 
62 Laneham's Farewell. 
 
 my hors vp too tlie rak, & tlien lets haue a cup of Sak !" — He 
 knoez the token well ynough., & wil laugh, I hold ye a grote. 
 — Too Master Thorogood : And too my mery cumpanion (a 
 Mercer, ye wot, az we be,) Master Denman, " Mio fratello in 
 Christo '." lie iz woont too summon me by the name of " Ro. 
 La. of the Coounty Nosingham^, Gentlman/' A good com- 
 panion, I feyth ! Well, onez again, fare ye hartely well ! 
 From the Coourt. At the Citee of Worceter, the xx of 
 August, 1575. 
 
 Yor couutreeman, companion, & freend assuredly : 
 Mercer, Merchantauenturer, and Clark of the Councel- 
 chamber door, and also keeper of the same : El Prencipe 
 negro. Par me, E,. L. Gent. Mercer. 
 
 DE MAIESTATE REGIA 
 
 Benigno, 
 
 Cedant arma toga, concedat laurea lingua, 
 lactanter Cicero, ad iustius illud habe : 
 
 Cedant arma togce, vigil et toga cedat honori, 
 Omnia concedant Im^erioque suo. 
 
 DEO OFT. MAX. GRATIjE. 
 
 ' I don't take this to be a mistake for Nottinghain, but a quiz on Laneham's 
 nose, which, as his cheeks blusht so much (p. 61), must have been red too. 
 

63 
 
 APPENDIX. 
 
 The following is the report of King Henry VIII.'s surveyors on 
 Kenilworth. 
 
 [Cott. MS. Vesp. F. ix. leaf 302.] 
 The Castle of Killingwoeth, situate vpok a Eock. 
 
 [Ci]rcuit. 1. The Circuite whereof within the walls conteyneth 
 
 7. acres^ vpon which, the walks are so spacious & faire 
 that two or three persons may walke together vpon most places 
 thereof. 
 
 rBulildino- ^' "'■^® Castle wz'th the 4 Gatehouses all built of 
 
 °' freestone hewen and cutt ; the walls in many places 
 of 15. & 10. foot thicke, some more, some lesse, the least fower 
 foot in thicknes square. 
 Couerine- ^' Castle & 4. Gatehouses all covered w^th 
 
 Lead, whereby it is subiect to no other decay then 
 the glasse, through the extremity of weather. 
 fKloomes ^' "^^^^ Eoomes of great State within the same, & 
 
 such as are able to receaue his Ma;'esty, the Queen, & 
 Prince, at one tyme, built with as much vniformity and conve- 
 niency as, any houses of later tyme ; and with such stately Sellars, 
 all caried vpon pillars, and Architecture of free stone earned and 
 wrought, as the like are not within this Kingdome ; and also all 
 other houses for Offices aunswerable. 
 
 5. There lieth about the same in Chases and Parks 
 Parks^^^ 1200^ per annum; 900^^ whereof are grounds for 
 
 pleasure, — the rest in meadow & pasture thereto ad- 
 ioyning, Tennants and freeholders. 
 
 6. There ioyneth vpon this ground a Parklike 
 copses °° ' gi^ou"fl> called the Kings wood, with 15. seuerall 
 Coppisses lyeng altogether, conteyning 789. acres 
 Within the same; which, in the Earle of Leicesters tyme, were 
 stored with Eed deere. Since wJiich, the Deere stroyed;^ but 
 the ground in no sort blemished, having great store of Tymber & 
 other Trees of much valewe vpon the same. 
 fPloole '^' There runneth through the said grounds by the 
 
 walls of the said Castle a faire Poole, conteyning 111 
 acres, well stored with fish and fowle, which at pleasure is to be 
 lett round about the Castle, 
 
 ^ . ^ 8. In Tymber and woods vpon theis grounds to 
 
 wo™s. *^® valew (as hath been offred) of 20,000^^ ; hauing 
 
 a convenient tyme to remove them ; w^ich to his 
 'Majestie, in the Suruey, are but valewed at 11722^,— which pro- 
 
 ' have been destroyed. 
 
Ground Plan of Kenilworth Castle. 
 
 Palatial 1390 — 1650 — 1870. 
 
64 Appendix. — Survey of Kenilworth. 
 
 portion, in a like measure, is held in all the rest vpon the other 
 valewes to his Ma/esty. 
 
 rColmpasse ^' ^^^ Circuits of tbe Castle, Manors, Parks, and 
 Chase, lieing round, together conteyne at least 19. or 
 20. miles, in a pleasaunt Countrey, — the like both for strength, 
 state, and pleasure not being within the Eealme of England. 
 rSulruev ^^' '^^^^^ lands haue been swrueied by Commis- 
 
 sioners from the King and the Tiord Priuy seale, with 
 direccions from his JjordsJii-p to finde all things vnder the true 
 worth, and vpon oath of Jnrours, aswell freeholders, as Custumary 
 TencMnts ; which course being held by them are notwithstanding 
 surveied and returned at 38,55# 15* Out of w^ich, for Sir Robert 
 Dudley's Contempt, there is to be deducted lOOOO^i. ; for the 
 Jj&d)/ Dudley's Joyntui'e, wAich is without ympeaehment of wast, 
 whereby she may sell all the woods, (w^ich by the Suruey amount 
 vnto 11722^*.) what shalbe tliought reasonable. 
 
 li. s. 
 16431. 9 
 11722. 2 
 
 The Totall of the Suruey) C j^ ^^^^^ * ' 
 arisethasfolloweth,viz.:-j I^^J^g^^^y ' ; ^J^J^; ^ 
 
 Estate ^^' -^^^ Ma/estie hath herein the meane profitts of 
 
 the Castle and premisses through Sir 'Roheri Dudley's 
 Contempt, during his life or his Ma^"e«i5ie's Pardon. The Eeuer- 
 cion in fee being in the hord priuy seale. 
 
65 
 
 NOTES ON LANEHAM'S LETTER. 
 
 P. 2. Ayr sweet and hollsum. — See the interesting chap. 3 of 
 Andrew Boorde'a Dyetary, p. 235 of my edition of Boorde, 1870, 
 Also chapter 2, on the site of a house. 
 
 P. 3. Tlie Bridge. — This dry valley was partly filled up by 
 Col. Haukesworth, ab. 1650, when he dismantled the Castle, but 
 part still remains. It is in fact the original Norman moat (1135) 
 which was dried, and partly filled up, when at the close of the 
 I2th century Geoffrey Clinton's successors threw out a more 
 extensive line of fortifications. — E. H. Knowles. 
 
 P. 3. — In the year of 642, Penda, King of Mercia, invaded the 
 dominions of Oswald, King of Northumberland; who was slain 
 after a fierce battle at Maserfield. Burthred, or Buthred, who is 
 mentioned in the context, was the last King of Mercia ; whose 
 kingdom was invaded in 874, by the West-Saxons, under Alfred. 
 Thus overpowered he fled to Eome, where he died. — Burn's ed. of 
 Laneham, p. 94 ; Nichols, i. 428. 
 
 P. 6. — The Porter burst out, in verses ' devised and pronounced 
 by Master Badger of Oxford, Master of Arts, and Bedel in the 
 same Universitj^' and given in Gascoigne, p. 7, ed. 1821. 
 
 P. 6. — See Malory's Kyng Arthur, bk. i. cap. xxv. Soo they 
 rode tyl they came to a lake, the wliiche was a fayr water, and 
 brood. And in the myddes of the lake, Arthur was ware of an 
 arme clothed in whyte samyte, that held a fayr swerd in that 
 hand. " Loo," said Merlyn, " yonder is that swerd that I spak 
 of." "With that they sawe a daraoisel goyng vpon the lake. 
 " What damoysel is that?" said Arthur. "That is the ladt of 
 TUE LAKE," said Merlyn ; " And within that lake is a roche ; and 
 theryn is as fayr a place as ony on erthe, and rychely beseene ; 
 and this damoysell wylle come to yow anone ; and thenne speke 
 ye fayre to her, that she will gyue yow that swerd." 
 
 P. 7, 9. Musical Instruments. — Lord Warren and De Tabley 
 has been kind enough to lend me a MS Commonplace book of his 
 ancestor Sir Philip Leycester, dated 1656, that the musical part 
 may be edited by Ur. Eimbault for the Early English Text Society. 
 But as several of the instruments mentioned by Laneham are 
 described in it, I extract the bits relating to them. 
 r*leaf 86 back 1 " *^^ ^^^'^ ^°^ ^® amisse here to insert the severall 
 Kinds of Musicall Instruments now of most Vse in 
 England, as they be now vsed, 1656. . . . 
 
 [fleafS?.] "fO^ Single Wynd Instruments, the most excellent 
 are the Cornet, the Shalme, & Sackbut. 
 
 p 
 
66 Notes on Laneham's Letter, Musical Instruments, p. 7, 9. 
 
 " The Cornet is about two foote in length ; not so streight as 
 the Shalme ; but with a little bendinge or Incurvation ; it is bored 
 through, & hath little holes at the side thereof, wAich, beinge 
 stopt with the fingers, gives the variety of Soundes ; & yeildeth a 
 shrill-quakinge-Sound, which is produced by the Art of the Mouth, 
 as the Hunt's-man's Home & Trumpet are caused by the blast of 
 the mouth. 
 
 r*leaf 87 back 1 "*The Shalme is made of Wood, & after the 
 same manner of the Cornet, & about the same 
 length, bored thorough also, with little holes at the side, to be 
 stopt with the fingers, for distinction of Soundes. This is a 
 streight Piece of Wood, & hath a Keede put into the Smaller end 
 thereof (which is made artificially, & bound about the Lower end 
 with a Thred), which with the blast of the mouth causeth a shrill 
 Sound, & is done W2th lesse straininge then the Cornet, wAieh 
 hath no Eeede, but the Sound thereof forced with the Mouth. 
 ^The greater end of it is made in forme of a little Bell, like the 
 end of a Trumpet^. 
 
 " The Sackbut is made of Brasse or Alchimy^, & gives distinc- 
 rtleaf 88 1 ^^^^ ^^ Soundes, not by holes, as other Pipes, fbut by 
 movinge the outward part of it higher or Lower ; for 
 there is a Devise vppon it, to be drawnevp & downe. The Sound 
 of it is caused by the blast of the mouth ; & it hath some resem- 
 blance to a Trumpet. This Instrument giveth a Deepe Sound, & 
 is to play the Basse-parte. 
 
 " There are also of an inferiour Kind, as Fltjits, Eecoedeks, 
 Bag-pipes, — & these last both greater & lesse, — so called because 
 they have bags fastened to the Pipe, w^ich, beinge stuft with the 
 wind of the Mouth, causeth the Sounde. But these Pipes are 
 never vsed by any Artists in Musicke ; but by the more Rusticall 
 Sorte of People. 
 
 r+leaf 88 back 1 " X^^^ Stringed Instruments now in vse are two 
 '"'*' ' fold, either Grut-stringes or Wyre-stringes. 
 
 " Instruments with Gut-stringes are of Three soi-tes. 
 
 " 1 The Harpe, which is made in forme of a Triangle, & hath 
 the stringes open on both sides, for either hande to play with all: 
 & is played vppon with the fingers of both handes. 
 
 " 2 The Lute, which is made with a Bound backe, like a halfe- 
 Globe, the belly of it flat & even to the finger-board. This is 
 playd vppon with the fingers of the right hand, & stoppinge the 
 rsieaf 89 1 ^*5*'®^ '^''^'^ ^^e left hand on the finger-board. §It hath 
 sometymes 24 strings, sometimes 19 stringes ; and some- 
 tymes lesse, as pleaseth the Musitian to have it. 
 
 " Of this Kind is the Theorbo, beinge only a Basse-Lute : 
 made larger to carry a Deepe Sounde. 
 
 1-1 Written in the margin, - ? tin. 
 
Notes on Laneham's Letter, Musical Instruments, p. 7-9. 67 
 
 " 3 The ViOLE : wAich is either Treble, Tenour, or Base, ac- 
 cordinge to its magnitude : These have onely Sixe stringes a peece, 
 and are played vppon with a Bowe. 
 
 " of this Sorte also is the Violin, w/n'oh hath but fowre stringes, 
 & is the least sort: viMch carryes an excellent Treble parte; 
 save onely this hath no frets on the fingerboard (because of its 
 littlenes) as the other Violes have ; but the notes on this are 
 strooke by the Eare. 
 
 r*leaf 89 back 1 " *Instruments with Wyre-stringes are of fowre 
 sorts. 
 
 1 ViBGiifALLs. These are made with Keyes, as the Organs : 
 and indeed is nothinge else but a stringed Organ. 
 
 from these the Haepsicalls & double Harpsicalls are deduced ; 
 all made after the same manner. 
 
 2 Oepharion: w7r/ch is onely a Wyre-stringed Lute; save 
 the forme of the backe of this is made more flat, the Lute more 
 round : & from this the Bandoea^ (as we call it) somewhat larger ; 
 rtleaf 90 1 ^^'^ ffrets on the finger-board of these beinge made 
 
 of f brasse, viJiich is layd into the Wood ; but the ffrets 
 of the Lute & Violes are made of Stringes tyed about the finger- 
 board. 
 
 " 3 Harpe : vihich we vsually call the Irish haepe, as most 
 vsed by them, with Wyre-strings : the other called by vs The 
 "Welsh-Harpe, with Gut-stringes. 
 
 " 4 The PsiTTTKNE ; & from thence the Gitterne : of wAicb I 
 haue made mention before, fo. 85, [The passage at leaf 85 about 
 the Psittyrne^ is, "This Instrument is not so apt for the voyce as 
 the Lute or Viole, but yeilds a Sweete and Gentle Sound, wAech 
 the name importeth : for ij/iOvpa is a Greeke word, & commeth of 
 ij/L6vpo<s, w^ich signifyes ' a whisperinge Sound '; like to which is 
 the sound of this Instrument : some write it ' Cithareu,' — but 
 falsely, — for ' Psithyren,' &, by contraction, ' Psittyrne.' It con- 
 tayneth fowre Course of stringes, as at this day we vse it, each 
 Course beinge doubled, havinge two Stringes of one sound in each 
 course : They are Wire Stringes : & is played vppon with a little 
 peice of a Quill or Pen, wherewith the Stringes be touched. It is 
 now vsually taught by Letters, not by Notes of Musicke, 
 
 ' Bandora, a musicall Instrument with "Wyre-strings, so called ; first made 
 by John Kose, dwellinge in Bridewell, anno 4° Eliz: 1562, who left a sonne 
 farre excellinge himselfe in makinge Instruments. Howes continuation of Stow : 
 pag : 869. — Sir P. Leycester's Index to his MS. 
 
 " This is preceded by an account of the two best " Psithyrists, For the 
 little Instrument called a Psittykne, Anthony Holborne and Tho : Robinson 
 were most famous of any before them, and haue both of them set out a Booke 
 of Lessons for this Instrument. Holborne hath composed a Basse-parte for 
 the Viole to play vnto the Psittyrne with those Lessons Set out in his booke : 
 these lived about Anno Dow/ni 1600." 
 
 p2 
 
68 Notes on Laneham's Letter, p. 7-17. 
 
 Like vnto this is the Instrument we now vsually do^ call a 
 GiTTEENE, wi^ich indeed is onely a Treble Psittyrne, beinge 
 somewhat lesse then the other, yeildinge a more Treble Smart 
 Sound, havinge the same number & the same Order of Wynd- 
 strings, & playd vppon with a Quill, after the same order as the 
 Psittyrne ; onely some variation in the Tuninge, wAich may also 
 be varyed in the Psittyrne at pleasure.] 
 
 " To these may be added the Apopeet, brought into England 
 about 1644, which is playd on with two little sticks ; in either 
 hand one ; & hath "Wyre-stringes, onely 4 Course. 
 
 " These I thought good to mention here, that Posterity may 
 know the difference of them, and likewise what new Inventions 
 shall be found out afterwards." 
 
 P. 12. Sunday Dauncing. — 
 
 He know to dance on Sundays. 
 
 Little Thief, A.iij.— E. H. Knowles. 
 
 P. 13. The Ghase. — There is a spot in the Chase still called the 
 Queen's Standing-Ground, Cf. Sir Walter Scott's Waverley, 
 ch. iii. — E. H. Knowles. 
 
 P. 13. Earning of the hoounds. — Earn or Yorne is a term of 
 art : compare Vallentine (the Courtier) . . I confesse I am vnskil- 
 fuU, yet vnlesse I bee much deceaued, I haue hard hounds harhe 
 by night, & haue scene foulers ketch Woodcockes in cblde 
 weather. 
 
 Vincent (the Cuntrey- Gentleman) In deede it may bee you 
 haue hard sumtimes hounds yorne (for so you ought to terme it) 
 by night ; and I suppose the winter weather, and hard, is fittest 
 for ketching of Woodcockes in deede. 1586. The English Courtier 
 and the Guntrey -gentleman, p. 55-6, ed. 1868, Eoxburghe Library. 
 
 P. 16. Bearhaiting . — So too Arthur Golding in his ' Discourse 
 upon the Earthquake ' on April 6, 1580 " The Saboth dayes and 
 holy dayes, ordayned for the hearing of Gods word, to the refor- 
 mation of our lyves .... and finally for the speciall occupying of 
 our selves in all spirituall exercizes, is spent full heathenishly in 
 taverning, tipling, gaming, playing, and beholding of Beare- 
 baytings and Stage-playes, to the utter djshonor of God, impeach- 
 ment of all godiynesse, and unnecessarie consuming of mennes 
 substances, which ought to be better employed." (Quoted in 
 Collier's Stationers' Registers, ii. 118.) 
 
 P. 17. Nyez. — A vulgarism. 
 
 Your pale seekes & hollow nyes. 
 
 The Utile Thief, Act IV.— E. H. Knowles. 
 
 ? pinken eyes. There is a singular coincidence between Lane- 
 ham's description of a bear-fight, and that given in the Romance 
 of " Kenilworth," where the Earl of Sussex presents a petition 
 
 ' ' teai'me a Kit some ' is struck out, and ' Gittem ' written at the side. 
 
Notes on Laneham^s Letter, p. 26-32, 69 
 
 from Orson Pinnit, keeper of the Bojal Bears, against Shakespeare 
 and the players. It is evident that the author of " Kenilworth " 
 had the passage in his mind ; and as the reader may also like to 
 compare the two passages, an extract from the Romance is here 
 inserted : " There you may see the bear lying at guard with his 
 red pinky eyes, watching the onset of the mastiff like a wily cap- 
 tain, who maintains his defence, that an assailant may be tempted 
 to venture within his danger." See Kenilworth, vol. ii. p. 129. — 
 Burn, p. 98 ; Nichols, i. 439. Ken. III. says ' pink nyez ' — winking- 
 eyes. Dutch pinchen, to wink. P. 15, note 1. 
 
 P. 26. Coventry . . is a faire, famous, sweet, and ancient City, 
 so walled about with such strength and neatnesse, as no City in 
 England may compare with it : in the wals (at severall places) are 
 13 Gates and Posterns whereby to enter and issue too and from 
 the City ; and on the wals are 18 atroug defensible Towers, which 
 do also beautifie it : in the City is a faire and delicate Crosse, 
 which is for structure, beauty, and workmanship, by many men 
 accounted unmatchable in this Kingdome ; although my selfe, 
 with some others, do suppose that of Abiugton in Berkeshire will 
 match it ; and I am sure the Crosse in Cheapside at London doth 
 farre out-passe it. (1639. John Taylor. Fart of this Summers 
 Travels, p. 9.) 
 
 P. 26,' margin. Florilegus. — ? = Matthew of Westminster. — 
 E. H. Knowles. 
 
 P. 31. Musters. — In the Musters taken in 1574 and 1575 a.d. 
 printed in Household Ordinances, p. 270-1, Warwick figures for 
 300 able men, 978 armed men, 300 artificers and pyoneers, 16 
 demi-lances, and 90 light-horse. 
 
 P. 31. JSippitate. — 
 
 Pompiona, Princess of Moldavia. 
 Oft have I heard of your brave countrymen, 
 And fertile soil, and store of wholesome food. 
 My father oft will tell me of a drink 
 In England found, and Nipitato call'd, 
 Whicb driveth all the sorrow from your hearts. 
 
 Italph. Lady, 'tis true : you need not lay your lips 
 To better Nipitato than there is. 
 
 Beaumont and Eletcher, Knight of the Burning Pestle, 
 Act iv, Scene 2, Works, ed. Darley, 1840, vol. ii, 
 p. 90, col. 2. 
 
 P. 32. An Amhrosiall Banket . . disshez . . a three hundred. — 
 A dinner in London in 1569 is thus described : 
 
 This day, my Lorde his speciall friende 
 must dyne with him (no naye), 
 
70 Notes on LanehavrCs Letter, p. 32. 
 
 His Partners, Eriendes and Aldermen : 
 
 wherefore he must puruaye 
 Both Capon, Swan, and Hernshoe good, 
 
 fat Bitture, Larcke, and Quayle : 
 Eight Plouer, Snype, and Woodcock fine, 
 
 with Curlew, Wype^, and Hayle : 
 Stonetiuets^, Teale, and Pecteales good, 
 
 with Busterd fat and plum, 
 Pat Pheasaunt Powt, and Plouer base 
 
 for them that after come. 
 Stent, Stockard, Stampine, Tawterueale, 
 
 and "Wigeon of the best : 
 Puyt^, Partrich, Blackbirde and 
 
 fnt Shoueler with the rest. 
 Two Warrants eke he must prouide 
 
 to haue some Venson fat, 
 And meanes heele make for red Deere too, 
 
 (there is no nay of that.) 
 And needefully he must prouide 
 
 (although we speake not ont) 
 Both Peacock, Crane, and Turkicock, 
 
 and (as such men are wont,) 
 He must foresee that he ue lacke [Sign. D. iii,] 
 
 colde bakemetes in the ende : 
 With Custards, Tarts, and Florentines, 
 
 the bancquet to amende. 
 And (to be short, and knit it vp) 
 
 he must not wanting see 
 Straunge kindes of fysh at second course 
 
 to come in their degree. 
 As Porpesse, Seale and Salmond good, 
 
 with Sturgeon of the best, 
 And Turbot, Lobster, with the lyke 
 
 to furnish out the feast. 
 All this theyle liaue, aiid else much more, 
 
 sydes Marchpane and greene Cheese, 
 Stewde wardens, Prunes, •% sweete conserues, 
 
 with spiced Wine like Lies, 
 Greeneginger, Sucket, Sugei Plate, 
 
 and Marmaladie fine, 
 Blauncht Almonds, Peares and Ginger bread ; 
 
 But Peares should we assigne 
 And place before (as meete it is) 
 
 at great mens boordea ; for why, 
 
 * Lapwing. ^ p stonechat. ^ Peewit. 
 
Notes on Laneham^s Letter, p. 32-36. 71 
 
 Eawe fruites are first in seruice stylP, 
 Else Seruing men doo lye. 
 1575. E. Hake. Newes out of Powles Churchyarde. 
 
 Sign, D. ii. back, and D iii. 
 
 P. 33. — This device of the Lady of the Lake was also by Master 
 Hunnis (p. 5, note 4, above). He had also designed a prelimi- 
 nary night skirmish on the water between the Lady of the Lake's 
 men and Sir Bruce's, all floating upon heaps of bulrushes ; but 
 this was not carried out. The speeches of Triton to the Queen, 
 and the winds, etc., the Lady of the Lake's speech, and the Song 
 of Proteus, all in verses, which " as I tbink, were penned, some by 
 Master Hunnis, some by Master Ferrers, and some by Master 
 Goldingham," are given in Gascoigne^s JPrinc. Pleas, p. 23-8, 
 ed. 1821. 
 
 P. 34'. Syr Bruse sauns pitee. — See Sir E. Strachey's modernised 
 edition of Malory's Morte D' Arthur, bk. ix. ch. 41, p. 235. " Sir 
 knight, said the lady [to Sir Dinadan] I am the wofullest lady of 
 the world; for within these five days here came a knight called 
 Sir Breuse Sance Pite, and he slew mine own brother, and ever 
 since he hath kept me at his own will ; and of all the men in the 
 world I hate him most." See also p. 301. Sir Breuse and Sir 
 Dinadan are from the Eiench Romance of the Prophecies de 
 Merlin, — Mr. Hy. Ward of the Brit. Mus. tells me, — as are also 
 Alisander le Orphelin and Alice la Beale Pilgrirae, p. 268, 273, 
 455 of Strachey's Malory. 
 
 Arion. — " There was a spectacle presented to Q. Elizabeth 
 vpon the water, and amongst others, Harry Goldingham was 
 to represent Arion vpon the Dolphin's backe ; but finding his 
 voice to be very hoarse and vnpleasant when he came to performe 
 it, he teares of his disguise, and sweares he was none of Arion ; 
 not he ! but eene lionest Harry Goldingham, — which blunt disco- 
 verie pleas'd the Queene better then if it had gone thorough in 
 the right way. Yet he could order his voice to an instrument 
 exceeding well."— Para. 221, of Harl. MS. 6395— a book of 
 " Merry Passages & Jeasts," collected by Sir Nicholas L'Estrange 
 of Hunstanton, Bart., who died in 1669. 
 
 P. 35. Kings Evil. — Eor a form of prayer, see Maskell, Monu- 
 menta Bitualia, vol. iii. — E. H. Knowles. See Andrew Boorde on 
 the King's Evil, p. 91-93, 121, of my edition, 1870. 
 
 P. 36. A Devise of Goddesses and Nymphes. — A very particular 
 account of this intended " Devise " [in two acts] will be foxind in 
 Gascoigne (^Princely Pleasures, p. 30-53), who was the author of 
 it. — Nichols, i. 419 ; Ken. III. p. 26, note 2. It was ' prepared 
 and ready, (every actor in his garment) two or three days together, 
 
 * frutes afore mete, to ete hem fastyngely. — ab. 1440 a.d. EmselVs Bohe oj 
 Nurture, Babcea Book, p. 162, 1. 667. 
 
72 Notes on Laneham's Letter : Ruffs, p. 36. 
 
 yefc never came to execution. The cause whereof I cannot attri- 
 bute to any other thing than to lack of opportunity and reasonable 
 weather.' — Ih. p. 53. 
 
 P. 37. Muffs fayr starched, etc. — ^The pains bestowed by our an- 
 cestors upon their Buffs is little known to the general reader, 
 who will be surprised to find from the ensuing extracts, that it 
 fully equalled the Dandyism of the present day. In the " Second 
 part of the Anatomic of Abuses, by P. Stubbes, 1583," is the fol- 
 lowing dialogue : 
 
 " Theod. I haue heard it saide that they vse great rulfes in 
 Dnalgne [England], do they continue them still as they were 
 woont to doe, or not ? 
 
 AmpMl. There is no amendement in any thing that I can see, 
 neither in one thing nor in other, but euery day woorser and 
 woorser, for they not only continue their great rufi"es still, but 
 also vse them bigger than euer they did. And wheras before they 
 were too bad, now they are past al shame & honestie, yea most 
 abhominable and detestable, and such as the diuell himselfe would 
 be ashamed to weare the like. And if it be true, as I heare say, 
 they haue their starching houses made of purpose, to that vse and 
 end only, the better to trimme and dresse their ruffes to please 
 the diuels eies withall. 
 
 Theod. Haue they starching houses of purpose made to starch 
 in? Now truly that passes of all that euer I heard. And do they 
 nothing in those brothell houses (starching houses I shuld say) 
 but onelie starch bands and ruffes ? 
 
 Amphil. No, nothing else, for to that end only were they 
 erected, & therfore now are consecrate to Belzebub and Cerberus 
 archdiuels of great ruffes. 
 
 Theod. Haue they not also houses to set their ruffes in, to trim 
 them, and to trick them, as well as to starch them in ? 
 
 Amphil. Yea marry haue they, for either the same starching 
 houses (I had almost said farting houses) do serue the turn, or 
 or else they haue their other chambers and secret closets to the 
 same vse, wherein they tricke vp these cartwheeles of the 
 diuels charet of pride, leading the direct way to the dungeon of 
 hell. 
 
 AmphiP. "What tooles and instruments haue they to set their 
 ruffes withall. For I am persuaded they cannot set them artifi- 
 cially inough without some kind of tooles ? 
 
 Amphil. Very true : and doe you thinke that they want any 
 thing that might set forth their diuelrie to the world ? In faith 
 sir no, then the diuell were to blame if he should serue his clients 
 
 ' Quoted in McTiols's Progresses of Queen Elizabetli, vol. i. p. 460, note 4 ; 
 but our quotation from Stubbes is taken direct from the original. 
 2 Mistake for Theod, 
 
Notes on Laneham^s Letter : Ruffs, p. 36. 73 
 
 so, that maintaiue his kiugdome of pride with such diligence as 
 they doe. And therefore I would you wist it, they haue their 
 tooles and instruments for the purpose. 
 
 Theod. "Whereof be they made I pray you, or howe ? 
 
 Ainphil^. They be made of yron and Steele, and some of brasse, 
 kept as bright as siluer, yea and some of siluer it selfe, and it is 
 well, if in processe of time they grow not to be gold. The fashion 
 whereafter they be made, I cannot resemble to any thing so well 
 as to a squirt, or a squibbe, which little children vsed to squirt 
 out water withall : and when, they come to starching, and setting 
 of their ruffes, than must this instrument be heated in the fire, 
 the better to stiffen the ruffe. For you know heate will drie, and 
 stiffen any thing. And if you woulde know the name of this 
 goodly toole, forsooth the deuill hath giuen it to name a putter, 
 or else a putting sticke, as I heare say. They haue also another 
 instrument called a setting sticke, either of wood or bone, and 
 sometimes of gold and siluer, make forked wise at both ends, and 
 with this {Si diis placet) they set their ruffes. But bicause this 
 cursed fruit is not yet grown to bis full perfection of ripenesse, 
 I will therefore at this time say no more of it, vntil I here more." 
 
 The same caustic writer also mentions that the ruffes have a 
 support or under-propper, called a sujpportasse^. Stowe informs 
 us, that "about the sixteenth yeare of the Queene (Elizabeth) 
 began the use of steel poking-sticJcs, and until that time all lawn- 
 dresses used setting-sticks made of wood or bone." 
 
 In Marston's Malcontent, 1604, is the following observation, 
 " There is such a deale of pinning these ruffes, when the fine clean 
 fall is worth them all." And again, "If you should chance to 
 take a nap in an afternoon, your falling-band requires no pokiug- 
 stick to recover his form." 
 
 Middleton's comedy of Blurt Master Gonstalle, 1602, has this 
 passage : " Your ruff must stand in print, and for that purpose 
 get •poking -sticks with fair long handles, lest they scorch your 
 hands." To conclude this long note, take the following extract 
 from Law Tricks, 1608 : 
 
 " Broke broad jests upon her narrow wheel, 
 Poked her rabatoes, and surveyed her steel !" 
 
 Cotgrave explains raiat, " a Eebatoe for a womans ruffe ; also a 
 fiilling-band." Menage says from rahattre, to put back, because 
 it was at first nothing but the collar of the shirt or shift turned 
 back towards the shoulders. 
 
 See another curious passage on Ruffs in the Anafomie of Abuses, 
 1583, leaf 22, back. 
 
 ^ Printed Amhpil. ^ Wrongly printed sujppertasse in Nichols. 
 
74 Notes on Lanekam's Letter, p. 38-43. 
 
 P. 38.— Cp. Chaucer's Miller : " a Shefeld thwitel bare he in 
 his hose."— Mchols, i. 462 ; Xe?^. III. p. 28. 
 P. 38. Islington. — 
 
 At Islington ther's Pudding Pies 
 Hot Custards. 
 
 M. Parker's New Medley, ii. back. — E. H. Knowles. 
 P. 39. Holly Mood day. — This festival was instituted on account 
 of the recovery of a large piece of the Cross, by the emperor 
 Heraclius, after it had been taken away, on the plundering of 
 Jerusalem by Cosroes, King of Persia, about 615. — Brand, i. 2G0, 
 ed. Hazlitt. 
 
 P. 39. Islington and cream. — 
 
 Imagine Islington to be the place, 
 The jorney to eat cream. 
 
 ab. 1616. R. C. Times Whistle, p. 83, 1. 2602-3. 
 
 P. 41 (^). — These stanzas are a versification of bk. 1, ch. 26, of 
 Malory's edition ; ch. 24, p. 48, of Stracliey's modernization (Mac- 
 millans), 1868. — 'In Caxton's edition, " La Morte d'Arthur," the 
 chapter whence this story is taken is entitled, "How the tydings 
 came to Arthur that King Eyons had overcome xi kynges ; and how 
 he desyred Arthur's berde to purfyl his mantel." With respect to 
 the poetical tale given in the text, Dr. Percy, by whom.it was 
 printed in his " Reliques " (iii. 25), supposes the thought to have 
 been originally taken from Jeftery of Monmouth's History. It 
 has also been printed in " Percy Enderbie's Cambria Triumphans," 
 with some variations in the text, which is probably much more 
 pure than that used by Laneham, since it is stated to have been 
 procured from "a manuscript in the library of the Royal Honour- 
 able Thomas Lord Wiudesore." —Burn, p. 109: Nichols, i. 465. 
 
 Eitson says of James Aske, who wrote Elizahetha triumphans, 
 1588, ' The initials J. A., probablely those of this James Aske, 
 are prefix'd and subscribe'd to "A defiance to K. A. [King 
 Arthur] and his round table," at the end of Musarmn delicice, 
 1656 ; being the identical ballad intended to have been sung by 
 the mock minstrel describe'd in Langhams letter from Killing- 
 worth, 1579; beginning "As it befell on a Pentecost day."' 
 Bihliographia Poetica, p. 407. 
 
 P. 41 (^). Huque, derived from the French huq^ue, a cloak. — The 
 tabards, or surcoats, of the ancient heralds, were often denominated 
 houces, or housings ; and this expression was applied, indiscrimi- 
 nately, to their coats of arms as well as to a dark-coloured robe 
 without sleeves, edged with fur, which they formerly wore. — 
 Burn, p. 109. 
 
 P. 43. — Before Elizabeth went, a Farewell, — devised and spoken 
 by Gascoigne as Sylvanus, god of the woods, — was presented 
 before her ' as she went on hunting.' {Princ. Fleas, p. 53-74, 
 
Notes on Laneham's Letter, p. 43-53. 75 
 
 ed. 1821.) It was ;in elaborate speech of how the Grods rejoiced 
 over her coming, aud wept over her going; how she's the loveliest 
 of Diana's nymphs ; how she had turned her lovers into trees — 
 Constancy into an oak, Vainglory into an ash (first in bud, first to 
 cast its leaf), etc. Then music playd from an arbour of holly. 
 Deep- Desire spoke a poem to the Queen, aud then sang a soug 
 (accompanied by music). 
 
 P. 44. Middleton. — Lichfield and Worcester were both succes- 
 sively honoured in this Progress. — Query, what Middleton is here 
 meant. — Nichols, i. 468. 
 
 P. 4n.—Boh, a distafi".— See Tlie WrigMs Chaste Wife, 1. 503, 
 508, and its Index, A distaff held in the hand, from which the 
 wool was spun by a ball fixed below on a spindle, upon which 
 every thread was wound up as it was done. It was the ancient 
 way of spinning, and is still in use in many northern counties. 
 Vi^e Bailey. — Burn, p. 110 ; Nichols, i. 471. 
 
 P. 48. — The following description refers to that part of the 
 Castle called "Leicester's Buildings." — Ken. III. p. 35. See the 
 plan there, next to p. 55, and the engraving of the ruined build- 
 ings, next p. 60. ' On a tablet below the middle window of the 
 East front is the date of 1571.' 
 
 P. 48. a heautifull Garden. — It was to give privacy to this 
 garden that Leicester altered the whole north entrance, as the 
 road from the Wridfen and from Coventry came right across it : 
 so he altered tlie north towers, making an aviary of one, and built 
 a new Gateway Tower down a hundred yards to the East. — E. H. 
 Knowles. 
 
 P. 48. a pleazaunt Terres. P. 53. sweet sliadoed wallk of Terres, 
 — This remains, ruined, but still ' sweet-shadoed.' To form it, 
 Leicester probably filled up the northern division of the original 
 Norman moat. — E. H. Knowles. 
 
 P. 50. heawen oout of hard Borphiry. — Poor Laneham was sadly 
 hoaxed in this. Fragments of these so-called porphyry orbs have 
 been found ; but they are of painted sandstone. The pillars also 
 were not in one ' hole pees.' — E. H. Knowles. 
 
 P. 53. strawheriez, cheryez. — Strawberries were rarely cultivated 
 at this time, but gathered wild, as in Switzerland. The end of 
 July was late for these cherries. (See Parker's Domestic Archi- 
 tecture.) — E. H. Knowles. 
 
 P. 53. — Windlass or Windless (in a Ship), a Drawbeam or piece 
 of Timber having six or eight Squares, and fixt on the Stern aloft ; 
 which is now only us'd in small Ships, and in Elemish Vessels that 
 are lightly Manned. But it will purchase or draw up much more 
 than any Capstan, in the weighing of an Anchor, and that without 
 Danger to the Men that heave. — Kersey'' s Bhillips, 1706. But 
 ? the context above points to Wanlass, a Term in Hunling, aa 
 
76 Notes on Laneham's Letter ^ p. 53-58. 
 
 Driving the Wanlass, i. e. the driving of Deer to a stand ; which 
 in some Latin Records is termed Fugatio Wanlassi ad Stahulum, 
 and in Domesday-Book, Stalilitio Venationis. — lb. See the end 
 of the ' windlesse,' p. 55. 
 
 P. 55. Vyse, or bise. — " The lawe peces and crestes were karued 
 with Vinettes and trailes of sauage worke, and richely gilted with 
 gold and Bise . . . the Arches were vawted with Armorie, all of 
 JBice and golde . . . and in the hole arche was nothing but fine 
 Bice & golde."— Hall's Chronicle, ed. 1809, p. 722-3, a.d. 1527. 
 Bis browne, duskie, swart, blackish. — Gotgrave. — Bice is a pale 
 blue colour prepared from the Armenian stone, formerly brought 
 from Armenia, but now from the silver mines of G-ermany ; in 
 consequence of which smalt is sometimes finely levigated, and 
 called hice. The dials alluded to in the text were enamelled, and 
 with the sun's reflection on the gold figures, heightened by the 
 azure ground, must have had a most splendid appearance. — Burn, 
 p. 113; Nichols, i. 478. 
 
 P. 58. The Edict of Pacification. — This alludes to the famous 
 Dictum de Kenelworth, An act allowing persons disinherited by 
 the Parliament after the battle of Evesham to redeem their estates 
 on paying a fine. — Ken. III. p. 20, 41, from Dugdale. See Statutes 
 of the Realm, ed. 1820, vol. i. p. 12. — Burn. 
 
 P. 58. Then reddy, I go intoo the Ghappell. — This must surely 
 have been a room fitted up ex tempore : since Leicester had secu- 
 larized the ' Capella Turris ' or chapel in the S. W. turret of the 
 Keep, to insert a staircase ; and the larger or King's Chapel had 
 certainly disappeared. — E. H. Kuowles. 
 
77 
 
 INDEX. 
 
 (For notes on the fenights made by Q. Elizabeth, p. 35, see Nichols's Pro- 
 gresses. The birds named on p. 70, I had not time to identify on my last 
 visit to town. JEgham, 8 June, 1871.) 
 
 a good, 41, heartily. 
 
 a ten, 50. 
 
 a thirtie yeer, 24, about 30 years. 
 
 a to, 17, on one. 
 
 Aehelous, 40. 
 
 Actseon, the tale of, cxlvii. 
 
 Adam Bel, Clim of the Clough, and 
 
 William of Cloudesley, liv. 
 Adrian the gardener, 52. 
 adulteration of milk &c., 39. 
 Aeolus's gifts to the Queen, 4G, 34. 
 African birds at Kenilworth, 52. 
 agglettes, 29, note. 
 Aglaia, 46. 
 alchimy, 66, tin ? 
 alder pole, 21. 
 Aldersgate Street, Cooks' yearly Feast 
 
 in, on Sept. 14, p. 39. 
 ale and beer, 72 tuns drunk in three 
 
 days, 45. 
 ale should stand all night, 58. 
 aleauen, 42, eleven, 
 alecunner, 31, ale-inspector. 
 Alexander and Lodowyke, tale of, 
 
 Ixiii. 
 Alexander of Macedon, 57. 
 Alisander le Orphelin, 71. 
 AUemande, la ; a dance-figure, clxii, 
 
 note 
 Alman (a German) haye, a countiy 
 
 dance, clxv. 
 Almanacks, Captain Cox's, cxxxii. 
 almonds, blancht, 70. 
 Althamerus, 4. 
 
 Altitonant, 12, loud thunderer, Jupi- 
 ter, 
 ambassadors, Laneham can talk to, 
 
 59. 
 ambassy, 33, message. 
 amours, a dance-figure, clxi. 
 anapes, 38, of Naples. 
 Ancient Plays, Captain Cox's, cxviii. 
 Antipodes, 48. 
 apoprey, a musical instrument, C8, 
 
 apted, 35, 48, fitted, suited. 
 
 artificial flowers, 46. 
 
 artists in Musicke, 66. 
 
 arberz, 2, arbours. 
 
 archdevils, 72. 
 
 architrave, 50. 
 
 Arion, 34, 71. 
 
 Armstrong, John, his dance, clxv. 
 
 Arthour of litil bertangje, cxlr, Ar- 
 thur of Brittany. 
 
 Arthur, King, a poem on, 41, 74; 
 an unidentified ballad on, cxliv ; 
 his book, 6 ; his days, 7. 
 
 Arthur : King Arthurz Ijook, xv. 
 
 Ascham on La Morte Darthur, xvi. 
 
 Aske, James ; his poem on King 
 Arthur, 74. 
 
 Athlants, 50, athletes ? 
 
 Atropos, 47. 
 
 aunswerable, 63, answering in charac- 
 ter, fitting. 
 
 auaild, 50, gone down, ebbed. 
 
 Aymon, the Four Sons of, xix, cxliii. 
 
 Ayrton, Mr. Acton S., Commissioner 
 of Her Majesty's Works, xii. 
 
 Bacchus's presents to Queen Eliza- 
 beth, 8, 45. 
 
 backhouse, 23, bakehouse. 
 
 Bacon, Lord Verulam, his motto, 54. 
 
 Badger, Master, his verses, 65. 
 
 bagpipes, 66. 
 
 Bagshot, 31. 
 
 bakemetes, 70. 
 
 ballads and songs, distinction be- 
 tween, clxvii. 
 
 Ballads, Captain Cox's, cxxvi ; En- 
 glish and Scotch in the * Complaynt 
 of Scotland,' A.D. 1548-9, cxlix. 
 
 Ballads Printed: — 
 Balow my Babe, ly still and wepe, 
 
 clxx. 
 Balow my Babe, frowne not on me, 
 clxxi. 
 
78 
 
 INDEX. 
 
 allads printed (continued) ; — 
 By a bancke as I lay, cxxxi. 
 Come over the burne, Besse, 
 
 clxxxi. 
 For my pastyme, vpon a day (ov 
 ' Colle to me the rysshys grene'), 
 clii. 
 Grevus ys my sorowe, clvi. 
 In a glorius garden grene (or ' Tliis 
 
 day day dawes'), clix. 
 Tn an humour I was of late (or 
 ' Hy ding a ding'), cxxxi (only 
 one verse). 
 O lusty May, vrith Flora queue, 
 
 cliv. 
 Off seruyng-men I wyll begyne, 
 Troley loley, (or, ' So well is me 
 begone '), cxxx. 
 Pastyme with good companye, 
 
 cxlix. 
 The lytyll prety nyghtyne gale, 
 
 cxxviii note. 
 Still under the levis grene, cl. 
 
 Balow, the ballad of, clxviii ; two 
 prints of, clxx. 
 
 bandogs biiiting a bear, 16. 
 
 bandora, 67. 
 
 banquet, an ambrosial, 32. 
 
 Barbour, John, Archdeacon of Aber- 
 deen ; his poem of ' The Bruce,' 
 cxlii. 
 
 Barclay, A. ; his englished Ship of 
 Fools, Ixxxv ; his first 3 Eclogues, 
 xli ; the appendix to his ' Intro- 
 ductory,' clx note. 
 
 Base Dances, clx note. 
 
 Basset, Sir Arthur, 35. 
 
 Bayard, the horse of Eenaud de 
 Montalban, xx. 
 
 beans, Laneham's license of, 57. 
 
 bearbaiting, 16-17. 
 
 Beauparlar, 40, fine speech. 
 
 behghted, 48. 
 
 Berners, Lord ; his englishing of 
 Huon of Burdeaus, xvii. 
 
 beseen, 22, clad, apparelled. 
 
 beseeming, 44, appearance. 
 
 bet, pei'fect of ' beat,' 23, 
 
 Bevy s of Hampton, xxii, clx v i i, clxxxii . 
 (An abstract of this old Romance 
 in modern English prose, has been 
 lately publisht by Gilbert and Ran- 
 dle, Southampton, for a shilling.) 
 
 ()initeez, 54, binities, couples. 
 
 birdcage, the grand one, at Kenil- 
 wortli, 50. 
 
 bittern, 70. 
 
 bitters, 8, bitterns : ardea siellaris. 
 blak Prins, 1, Robert Laneham. 
 blaster, 33 ; blasterz, 6, blowers of 
 
 blasts on trumpets, 
 blasting, 13, blowing blasts, 
 blush, 61, liave a red face. 
 Boar and the Shepherd, Tale of the, 
 
 lix. 
 bob, 25, knock, blow, 
 bollz, 8, bowls, 
 bolteld, 50. 
 bones : ' I am in the bones of him,' 
 
 punch him in the ribs, 59. 
 Booke of Fortune (not by Sir T. 
 
 Moore), xcv. 
 bookish, 61, learned in books. 
 Boorde, Andrew, probably did not 
 
 write Skogan's Jests, Ixvii ; his 
 
 Breviary of HeaWi, cxxv ; his 
 
 opijiion of Scotchmen, ab. 1540 
 
 A.D., clxvii. 
 Brainford, 31, Brentford. 
 braiz, 2, 5, a military outwork. 
 Brandt, Sebastian ; his Navis SlvUi- 
 
 fera, or Ship of Fools, Ixxxvi. 
 brangle, a dance, clxii. 
 braul, a dance, clxii-xiii. 
 
 Let sum ga drink, and sum ga 
 dance ; 
 
 Mensti-ell, blaw vp ane hrawll of 
 France. 
 
 Lyndsay's Satyreoftlie thrie 
 Estaits, ]. 5623, p. 547, ed. 
 E. E. Text Soc. 
 brette, la ; a dance-figure, clsii. 
 Breviary of Health, Andrew Boorde's, 
 
 cxxv. 
 Briee, St., 27. 
 Bride, the, in the Brideale before 
 
 Elizabeth, 24. 
 bridelace of blu buckeram, 21 ; of red 
 
 and yelloo, 23. 
 bridge, Leicester's, at Kenilvvorth, 3, 
 
 65. 
 broom instead of rosemary, 21, 23. 
 Bruce, the ; by John Barbour, exlii. 
 Bruse sauns pitee, Sir, 34, 71. 
 brute, 42, noise, Fr. bruit. 
 brydeale, a solem, 20 ; before Queen 
 
 Elizabeth, 22. 
 brydelaces of red and yelloo, 23. 
 buff, 25, blow, cut. 
 buffon, a dance, clxii-xiii. 
 Burleigh, Lord, his pleasure-grounds 
 
 at Theobald's, 49. 
 
INDEX. 
 
 79 
 
 burt, 8, a young turbot. 
 
 bustard, 70. 
 
 Buthred, 4, 65. 
 
 byas, 25, on the bias, aslant. 
 
 caddiz, S7, worsted. 
 
 Cage, the Bird-, at Kenilworth, 50. 
 
 cakebread, 41. 
 
 canary-birds, 51. 
 
 cantell, 42, corner. 
 
 canvas doublet for a poor man, 23 ; 
 canvas cut, 57. 
 
 caprettiez, 18, capers. 
 
 carrets, 48, carets. 
 
 earring, 24, carrying, taking. 
 
 carroU I vp a song, 60. 
 
 Castle of Ladiez, xliii; ?the 'Cyte of 
 Ladyes,' from Christine de Pise's 
 French, clxxvi. Castle of Love, evi. 
 
 cause of this edition, ix. 
 
 Cecyl, Sir Thomas. 
 
 Ceres, 43, 45. 
 
 ceruleoous, 10, sky-blue, 
 
 chafed, 13, heated. 
 
 chaffings, 17, taunts. 
 
 challenge, 16 : the defendant has a 
 right to challenge any of the jury 
 empanelled to try him, as likely to 
 be prejudiced against him, &c. 
 
 chamblet, 38, camlet. 
 
 chapel at Kenilworth, 58, 76, clxxv. 
 
 Chapman of a Peneworth of Wit, 
 sketch of, cxvi. 
 
 Charites, 46, the (three) Graces. 
 
 Charles, Romane, 57, Charlemagne, 
 Charles the Great. 
 
 chase of Kenilworth, 13. 
 
 Chaucer's Canterbury Tales, early 
 editions of, cxxxviii. 
 
 chearm, 42, chirping, talk, murmur. 
 
 cheese, greene, 70. Grene chese is 
 not called grene by tha reason of 
 colour, but for th& newnes of it.' 
 A. Boorde, in Bahees Book, p. 
 200 ; Breviary, p. 266, ed. 1870. 
 
 cherries, 53, 75. 
 
 Chevalier de la Beaute, cliii. 
 
 child, the dovrny or woolly, to be 
 shown to the Queen, 56. 
 
 chinks, 59. 
 
 Churl and the Burd, Lydgate's, Ivi. 
 
 Cinderella, the Scotch, cxliv. 
 
 circumflexions, 18. 
 
 cittern, 59, 60, 67. 
 
 claret, 8. 
 
 Claryades and Maliades, the romance 
 ol', cxlv. 
 
 classical stories named in The Com- 
 playnt of Scotland, xv, cxli, &c. 
 
 clock stood still during Elizabeth's 
 visit to Kenilworth, 55. 
 
 Clotho, 47. 
 
 Cobham, Sir Henry, 35. 
 
 ' CoUe to me the Kysshys grene,' a 
 ballad, clii. 
 
 CoUyn Clout ^by Skelton), Ixix. 
 
 ' Come over the burne, Besse,' clxxxi. 
 
 comparable, 56. 
 
 'Complaynt of Scotland,' 1548-9 
 A.D. ; its list of 48 Books and Tales, 
 cxxxviii ; its list of 38 sweet Songs, 
 cxlix; and of 30 Dances and 
 Dance-Tunes, clx. 
 
 conchs, 52, mussels. See Bahees 
 Book, p. 232. 
 
 Concordia, 46. 
 
 confess and a list, but avoyd a coold 
 not, 17. In an action-at-law, when 
 a plaintiff has delivered his decla- 
 ration of his cause of action against 
 the defendant, and the latter has 
 answered by a plea, the plaintitf 
 may by his replication traverse (or 
 wholly deny) the truth of the plea, 
 or confess and avoid it "by some 
 new matter or distinction con- 
 sistent with the plaintiff's former 
 declaration. Thus, in an action 
 for trespassing upon land whereof 
 the plaintiff is possessed, if the de- 
 fendant shows a title to the land 
 by descent, and tliat therefore he 
 had a right to enter upon the land, 
 the plaintiff may either traverse 
 and deny the fact of the descent, or 
 he may confess and avoid it, by 
 replying, ' that true it is that such 
 descent happened, but that since 
 the descent the defendant himself 
 demised the lands io the plaintiff 
 for a term not yet expired.' Kerr's 
 Students' Blanlrstone, p. 376, od. 
 1870. 'and a list' means 'if he 
 pleazd.' 
 
 Confessional, the Popish ; questions 
 for a woman at it, cxxix. 
 
 conserves, 70. 
 
 conster, 61, construe. 
 
 Cooks' Feast in Aldersgate St., 39. 
 
 coolar, 53, cooler, a wetting with 
 water. 
 
80 
 
 INDEX. 
 
 coold, 39, 61, knew. 
 
 coonger, 8, conger. 
 
 coopls, couples, 54. 
 
 cooruez, 25, curves. 
 
 coountenaunst, 14, lookt and acted. 
 
 cooursiez, 41, curtsies. 
 
 Coplande, Robert, on Bace Daunces, 
 
 clx note. 
 cornet, 7, 19, horn ; described, 66. 
 cornish, 50, cornice, 
 cornucopia, 40. 
 Coventry, 69. 
 
 Coventry Play on Hock Tuesday, 26. 
 cought, 13, shut up ; cp. coiFer, area 
 country-time in England, clxxiii. 
 courses of the banquet, 33. 
 Court, the G-reat, of Kenilworth, 32. 
 coounsell, 17, counsel, advocates. 
 Cox, Captain, a mason of Coventry, 
 xii, 28. 
 
 his books of Storie.xii, xv-lxxvi, 29. 
 
 his books of Philosophy and Poetry, 
 xiii, Ixxviii-cxvi, 30. 
 
 his auncient playz, xiii, cxviii-cxxiv, 
 30. 
 
 his book of Medicine, xiii, cxxv, 30. 
 
 his Ballets and songs, xiii, cxxviii- 
 cxxxi, 30. 
 
 his Almanaks of Antiquitee, xiii, 
 cxxxii-cxxxvi, 30. 
 crane, 70. 
 
 cream and Islington, 74. 
 Cressus, the rich man. Tale of, Ixi. 
 creuis, 9, crayfish, 
 crosses in Abingdon, Coventry, &e., 
 
 69. 
 cruell, 37 note, vrorsted. 
 cunning, 60, skill. 
 
 curluz, 8, curlews. Numenius arquata. 
 currarz, 44, couriers, 
 custards, 70. 
 
 custumerz, 45, collectors of customs. 
 cut and long tail, 25. 
 
 Dade, John ; his almanacks, cxxxvi. 
 dailis, clxvi, bai'ren ewes that are 
 
 fatting. 
 Damian, 38. Sts. Cosmo and Damian 
 
 are generally joined together, 
 dance-music on Sundays, xii. 
 Dances and dance-tunes of Scotland 
 
 in 1548, clx. 
 dancing and music on Sunday, 12. 
 Danes in England, a play of the, 26. 
 Danielz Dreamz, xcv. (? buried at 
 
 Lord Ashburnham's.) 
 
 dead dance, the, clxvi. 
 
 deas, 41, dais. 
 
 defecated, 58, cleared of dregs. 
 
 Denman, Master, a mercer, 62. 
 
 Devil ; his Ten Commandments, Ixxx 
 
 note, 
 deuyserz, 45, devisers. 
 Dials, the two at Kenilworth Castle, 
 
 54. 
 die : ' az clen az a dy,' 40. 
 dilmondis, clxvi, wethers above a year 
 
 old. 
 dinner, in 1569 A.D., in London, 69. 
 Diodorus Siculus, 19. 
 displeaz, 12, displays, 
 ditty sung before the Queen, 35. 
 divine service on Sunday, 20. 
 Dsedalus and the Minotaur, cxlviii. 
 Dolphin, twenty-four foot long, 34. 
 Doris, 52. 
 Douglas, Bp. Gawin ; his ' Paleis of 
 
 Honour,' cxlvii. 
 Dryardes, 14, Dryads, 
 dualities discust, 54. 
 duddled, 47, muddled, confused, 
 dulcets, 61, sweet sayings ? 
 Dunbar's ' Goldin Targe,' cxlvii. 
 
 eager, 41, tart. 
 
 ear, 61, ere, before. 
 
 earning, 13, 68, q. v., giving tongue. 
 
 Eastmureland, tale of the king of, 
 cxlii. 
 
 Echo on Queen Elizabeth, 15, 46. 
 
 Edict of Pacification, 58, 76. 
 
 Edyth, The Wido ; the story of, xliii. 
 
 Egeir and Gryme, the romance of, 
 cxlvi. 
 
 Eglamoour, Syr ; the story of, xxviii. 
 
 Elizabeth, Queen ; her arrival at 
 Eenilworth, 5 ; her answer to the 
 Lady of the Lake, 7 ; Latin poem 
 to, 10 ; rides always alone, 11 ; her 
 kind answer when her horse was 
 startled, 15 ; gift of 2 bucks to the 
 Coventry players, 32 ; makes five 
 knights, 35 ; cures 9 persons of the 
 king's evil, 35 ; stays 19 days at 
 Kenilworth, 43 ; her name means 
 Seventh of my God, 43 ; her cha- 
 racter, 47-8. See the ' Contents.' 
 
 Elynor Rumming, sketch of, Ixxv. 
 
 Emathia, 57. 
 
 Emperor and his Steward's Wife, 
 Tale of an, Ixi. 
 
 Emperor and Merlin, Tale of the, Ix. 
 
INDEX. 
 
 81 
 
 Englancl, ruffs in, in 1583, p. 72. 
 
 English minstrels in Scotland, clxvii. 
 
 English women, the valiantness of, 
 against the Danes, 27. 
 
 engyners, 45, engineers. 
 
 Eolus, 34. See Aeolus. 
 
 Esop's Fables, 61. 
 
 estatez, 44, grandees. 
 
 Ethelred, 26. 
 
 etymon, 53, meaning. 
 
 Euan ; the tail of Syr Euan, Arthours 
 knycht, cxliii. 
 
 Euphrosyne, 46. 
 
 eyesight ; ale in the morning is good 
 for it, 58. 
 
 eyttyn, exi, giant : 
 
 " There is another canine appetyde ; 
 which is, when a man is euer 
 hungry, and is neuer satisfied, nor 
 is not well but when he is eatynge 
 or drynkynge : ignorant men wyll 
 say that such persons hath an eaton 
 in the bely." 1547- Andreiv 
 Boorde's Breuiary of Health, Fol. 
 xxY, ed. 1552. 
 
 Faguell, the Lady, xxiv. 
 
 Father murdered by his son. Tale of 
 the, lix. 
 
 Faunus, 46. 
 
 fayrliking, 52, fair to see. 
 
 feat, 61, act, business. 
 
 feawtered, 51, shaped? 
 
 feet, 14, fit, exactly suited. 
 
 fending, 17, warding off. 
 
 Ferrand, erl of Flandris, that mareit 
 the deuyl, cxl. 
 
 Ferrers, Master, 71. 
 
 filberdz, 8, filbert. 
 
 Filles a marier, a dance-figure, clxi. 
 
 filly foal, 40, 41. 
 
 fireworks, 18, 12. 
 
 fish in the pool of the fountain, 52. 
 
 Asking, 41, flicking, whisking. 
 
 fiznamy, 17, face. 
 
 flapet, 24, small flap. 
 
 flawnez, 39, flawns, cheese-cakes. 
 
 Flora's gifts to the Queen, 45. 
 
 Floremond of Albanye, cxliv. 
 
 florentines, 70. 
 
 Florilegus, 28, 69, ? Matthew of West- 
 minster. 
 
 flutes, 66. 
 
 fohod, 17, foehood, feud. 
 
 for, 22, 41, against, to prevent. 
 
 foreign manufactured goods in Eng- 
 land, 28, 29, notes. 
 
 forgrone, 14, grown over, covered. 
 
 forman, 16, foreman of a jury. 
 
 fors : hart of fors, strong deer, 13. 
 
 fountain at Kenilworth, 52. 
 
 foyl, 24, rebuff. 
 
 Frederik of Grene, xxv. 
 
 Frier Rous, the story of, xlvii. 
 
 Frog ballads noticed, cliii. 
 
 fruits, raw, served first at dinner in 
 1569, p. 70. 
 
 Fryar and the Boy, Ixxiii. 
 
 Fryseadowe, 29, Frisian ? 
 
 fulmieant, 12, lightning and thunder- 
 ing. 
 
 furmenty for porage, 39. 
 
 fiiskin, 52, a three-pronged spear. 
 
 fyr work, 12, fireworks. See 18. 
 
 galyard, a dance, clxii. 
 
 gambaud, 18, gambol, tumbling-trick. 
 
 garden of Kenilworth, 48 ; is Para- 
 dise, 53, 75. 
 
 Gargantua, 1. 
 
 Gascoigne, G., 74. 
 
 Gauen and Gollogras, cxliv, xxxiv. 
 
 Gawyn, Syr, a Jeste of, xxxiv. 
 
 geazon, 21, scarce, A. Sax. gcBsen. 
 
 geen, 41, given. 
 
 Genius loci, 46. 
 
 gentlewomen, Laneham always with 
 when he can be, 59. 
 
 German soldier on the Rhine, clxxiii. 
 
 Gesnerus, Conrad, his Mithridates 
 quoted, 19. 
 
 Giantis that eit quyk men, the tayl of, 
 cxli. 
 
 gingerbread, 70. 
 
 gittern, 59, 60, 68. 
 
 gloit, 60, gloat, look tenderly. 
 
 Goddesses and Nymphs, a device of, 
 36, 71. 
 
 godwitz, 8, godwits. 
 
 Golden apple, the tale of the, cxlviii. 
 
 Golding, Arthur, on sports on Sun- 
 day, 68. 
 
 Goldingham, master Heui-y, 31, 71. 
 
 gorget, 37, narrow collar. 
 
 Gorriere, la, a dance-figure, clxii note. 
 
 gracify, 61, adorn, set off, show off. 
 
 gracified, 50, beautified. 
 
 Grafton, 56. 
 
 graueld, 8, gravelled. 
 
 green ginger, 70. 
 
 Grees, 57, Greece. 
 
 Q 
 
82 
 
 INDEX. 
 
 ' Grevus ys my sorowe,' clvi. 
 Greyhound and child, tale of the, lix. 
 ' Gvj of Warwick ' not in Capt. Cox's 
 
 hst, xiy. 
 gylmyrs, clxvi, ewes two years old. 
 gyrings, 18, circlings. 
 
 Hamadryades, 14. 
 
 handkercher, 24, handkerchief. 
 
 handkerchief, the Bridegroom's, 22. 
 
 Harlaw, the Battle of, cliv. 
 
 harp described, 66. 
 
 harpsicalls, 67. 
 
 harroing, 13, giving tongue, a kind of 
 
 liart of fors, 16. 
 
 hart hunted, 13, 16, 33. 
 
 hascardy, 4, bad conduct. 
 
 hautboiz, 7, hautboys. 
 
 hearsheawz, 8, heronshaws, herons : 
 
 Common Heron, ardea cinerea. 
 hees, 52, males, men. 
 heighes, 60, heigh-hos ! sighs. 
 hemistichi, 40, hemistich, half-verse, 
 
 as a motto. 
 Hengist and Horsa, 3. 
 Henry VIII's 'Pastyme with good 
 
 companye,' cxlix ; his Eobin-Hood 
 
 games, liv; his first Progress, 
 
 clxxiv ; his svurveyors' report on 
 
 Kenilworth, 62. 
 Hercules and the serpent Hydra, tale 
 
 of, cxlii, clxxxii. 
 hernshoe, 70, heronshaw, heron, 
 berried, 41, cried ? 
 hewing, 13, shouting, calling. 
 Hikskorner, cxix. 
 Hippocrates and his Nephew, Tale of, 
 
 Ixi. 
 hizzen, 15, his, his belongings, 
 ho, 45, halt, stop. 
 Hock Tuesday, the Play on, by the 
 
 Coventry men, 26. 
 Holborne, Anthony, 67. 
 Holy-Eood day, 39, 74, Sept. 14. 
 Sombre Saluagio, the savage Man, 
 
 14. 
 hoouge, 55, huge, 
 hornspoons, 39. 
 
 hornware, 40, things made of horn, 
 hoves, Dutch, 61. 
 Howard, Su* George, 59. 
 Howleglas, xlviii. 
 hukes, 41, 74, cloaks. 
 HTina, 27. 
 Hunnis, Master, 71. 
 
 Huntis up, a tune and ballad, clxiii. 
 
 Hunttis of Cheuet, civ. 
 
 Huon of Burdeaus, the story of, xvii. 
 
 huque, 74, cloak. 
 
 Husband out of doors, Tale of the, lix. 
 
 Huth, Mr. Hy., his unique French 
 
 Arthurian romance, xv ; his copy 
 
 of ' The Cyte of Ladyes,' clxxvii ; 
 
 his copy of Lucres and Eurialus, 
 
 xxxviii. 
 
 Ichington, Long, 5, 56. 
 
 Hand, the happy, 19. 
 
 imminens, 55, wondrous, great. 
 
 Impacient Poverty, a play, cxxiv. 
 
 ' In a glorius garden grene,' clix. 
 
 inch : ' wait at an inch,' close by, 59. 
 
 incurvation, 66. 
 
 inkorn, 22, 24, inkhorn. 
 
 Ii'ish-harp, 67. 
 
 Isenbras, Syr, the story of, xxxiii. 
 
 island, the floating, 6-7. 
 
 Islington, ai-ms of, 88. 
 
 Islington, 74. 
 
 Italian tumbler or acrobat, 18. 
 
 Jason and the Golden Fleece, cxlviii. 
 Jennen (Genoa), Frederyke of, xxv. 
 jewels, sham, 51. 
 John Armstrong's Dance, clxv. 
 'jolly and dry,' 58, very thirsty. 
 Jove, 47. 
 
 iument, 25, stallion, 
 lump, 55, exactly. 
 Juno, 44. 
 
 Jupiter and lo, the tale of, clxviii. 
 Jupiter's welcome to Queen Elizabeth, 
 12 ; his care for her, 43. 
 
 karuell, 13, a small undeckt ship. 
 Kay, Sir, Seneschal of King Arthur, 
 
 42. 
 kebbis, ewes whose lambs have died 
 
 soon, clxvi. 
 keepar, 37, brooch, 
 kemb, 37, combed. 
 Kenelm, St., 3, 20. 
 Kenilworth Castle described, 1 ; its 
 
 history, 3 ; the derivation of its 
 
 name, 4 ; its beauty, 48 ; report of 
 
 Henry VIII's surveyors on, 63; Mr. 
 
 Knowles's notes on, clxxiv. 
 Kenulph, 3. 
 
 King and the Tanner, xlvi. 
 King that didn't know his own Wife, 
 
 Ixii. 
 
INDEX. 
 
 83 
 
 king's evil, nine persons cured of, by 
 Queen Elizabeth, 35. See p. 71. 
 
 Knight of Courtesy, and the Lady 
 Faguell, xxiv. 
 
 Knowles, E. H., is j on Kenilworth, 
 elxxiv. 
 
 ku, 41, cue. 
 
 laborers, 43. 
 
 Lachesis, 47. 
 
 Lady of the Lake, the, 6, 65. 
 
 Laet of Antwerp, almanacks by, 
 
 cxxxii. 
 lampreys have no backbone, 20. 
 Lam well, Syr, xxx. 
 Lancelot du lac, cxliv. 
 Laneham, Robert ; his character, x, 
 
 xi, — see the references there ; — 
 
 Leicester's kindness to, 57-8 ; is ' a 
 
 Mercer, a Merchant,' 58 ; knows 
 
 'langagez,' 59. 
 lanuginoous, 56, covered with down 
 
 or wool. 
 Latimer on ' Pastime with good Com- 
 pany,' (Henry VIII's ballad) cl. 
 launsknights, 31, lanzknechts. 
 laymen's complaints of Prelates, Ixx. 
 leag, 34,' liege, 
 leamz, 12, lights, flames. 
 Leander and Hero, the tail of the 
 
 amours of, cxlvii. 
 leather, 17, skin. 
 Leicester, Earl of; his character, 
 
 47-8, 56-8. 
 ' Leicester's Buildings' at Kenilworth, 
 
 75. 
 Icmmanz, 8, lemons. 
 Leslye, Sir Walter, clxiv. 
 ' Levis grene,' a tune, cl. 
 Leycester, Sir Philip ; his account of 
 
 musical instruments in England in 
 
 1656 A.D., p. 65. 
 Lichfield, 44. 
 likesome, 56. 
 Little John, Hi. 
 liuery, 58, allowance of food, 
 lobster, 70. 
 lokhole, 59, lockhole. 
 London, a dinner in, in 1569, p. 69. 
 London goods fashionable in the 
 
 country, 28 note. 
 loober woorts, 23, lubbers. 
 Lord President's chamber, 58. 
 Lucres and Eurialus, sxxviii. 
 Luna's gifts to Queen Elizabeth, 45. 
 kite described, 66. 
 
 Lydgate's Churl and the Burd, Ivi. 
 lythie, 19, lithe, bendable. 
 lyuery, 8, in which the 'livery,' or 
 allowance, was served. 
 
 magnifyk, 55, magnificent. 
 
 Magpie and the Merchant's Wife, 
 
 Tale of the, k. 
 Mair, 28, Mayor. 
 Maleore, Sir T., his conception (after 
 
 his French originals) of Arthur, 
 
 xvi. 
 mallys, 17, malice. 
 Mamzey, 61, Malmsey wine. 
 Mandeville, the Marvels of, cxlv. 
 manchet, 58, cake or loaf of fine bread, 
 mannage, 57, perform caracoles, ride 
 
 (for 'walk'). 
 Mantribil, the tayl of the Brig of, 
 
 cxliii. 
 Marchlond or Mercia, 3. 
 marchpane, 70. 
 marmalade, 70. 
 
 Mars's present to Q. Elizabeth, 9, 44. 
 Martial quoted, 57. 
 mashez, 51, meshes. 
 Mask not performed, 33. 
 Mawdmarion, 23, Maid Marian. 
 Mercury, 45. 
 
 Mermaid, the swimming, 33. 
 Midas and his ass's ears, cxlviii. 
 Middleton, 44, 75. 
 Mnian, tlie seige of, cxliii. 
 Millen cappes, 29 note. 
 Millener, 29 oiote, dealer in Milan 
 
 goods, 
 minion, 22, elownish fellow. 
 Minstrel, the Ancient, 36. 
 minstrel of Middlesex, 38. 
 Misterz , 60, Mistress , Lane- 
 ham's love, 
 moolding, 50. 
 More, Sir Thomas ; his ' Sergeaunt,' 
 
 Ixvi ; his preface to tlie ' Booke of 
 
 Fortune,' xcv. 
 Morels skin. Wife lapt in a, Ixv. 
 morisdauns, 22, a morris dance, 
 mufiler used as a handkerchief, 22, 24. 
 mullet, 8. 
 Murderous Knight and his Wife, Tale 
 
 of a, Ixi. 
 music on the water, 16. 
 Muzik iz a noble Art ! 35. 
 
 Naiades, the, 40. 
 
 napkin, 22, handkerchief, 24, 41. 
 
84 
 
 INDEX. 
 
 nees, 43, niece. 
 
 Neptune, 45, 52. 
 
 Neptune's presents to Queen Eliza- 
 beth, 9, 45. 
 
 nippitate, 31, 69, a kind of strong ale. 
 
 nobled, 58, made noble. 
 
 nose-blowing, 24. 
 
 Nosingham, 62, ? Nottingham paro- 
 died. 
 
 Nostradamus, almanaets by, cxsxv. 
 
 Nu Gize (or the new Guise), sketch 
 of the play, cxxii. 
 
 nuellries, 47, novelties. 
 
 Nutbrooun Maid, sketch of, Ixxvi. 
 
 nuze, 44, news. 
 
 nyez, 17, 68, eyes. 
 
 'O lusty maye, vitht Flora queue,' cliv. 
 
 obelisks, 49. 
 
 obrayds, 17, upbraidings. 
 
 occupied, 1, carried on. 
 
 Og's bedstead, 56. 
 
 oken, 14, of oak. 
 
 Old wise man who bleeds his naughty 
 
 wife, tale of the, Ix. 
 Olyver of the Castl, thb story of, 
 
 xxxvii, clxxvii. 
 omberty, 30, shadowing, indication, 
 one and onehood, 53. 
 'one hart, one wey,' Bacon's motto, 
 
 51. 
 oneself, writing about, xi. 
 Opheus, kyng of Portingal, the tale 
 
 of, cxlviii. 
 oringes, 8, oranges, 
 orpharion, 67. 
 ouchez, 44, 29. 
 overseen, 30, well-read, 
 oversod, 39, over-boiled, 
 overstrained, 51, strained, stretcht, 
 
 over. 
 Ovid quoted, 57. 
 owches, 29, 44, ornaments. 
 
 Pacification, the Edict of, 58, 76. 
 
 pall, 5, cloak or mantle. 
 
 pannell, 16. ' It is an English word, 
 and signifieth a little Part ; for a 
 Pane is a part, and a Pannel a little 
 part (as a Pannel of wainscot, a 
 Pannel of a saddle, and a Pannel of 
 a Parchment, wherein the Jurors 
 names are written and annexed to 
 the writ :) and a Jury is said to be 
 ira-pannelled when the Sheriff liath 
 entred their names into the Pannel, 
 
 or little piece of Parcliment, in Pan- 
 
 nello assiscB. Cook on Lit. Lib. 2. 
 
 c. 2. Sect. 234." The Latu-Frenck 
 
 Dictionart/ &c, 1701. 
 pannell, 21, a substitute for a saddle ; 
 
 40, 41, pack, kind of saddle. See 
 
 last article. 
 Paradise, the Kenilworth Garden 
 
 worthy to be called, 53. 
 Parcse, 46, the Fates. 
 parcel!, 23, partly, 
 parklike, 63. 
 pars, 61, parse, 
 parson, 9, 34, person, 
 parsonage, 14, appearance, 
 pavvan, a dance, clxii. The Pavan 
 
 etc. are described in MS. Rawl. 
 
 Poet. 108. 
 peacock, 70. 
 pears the first dish at dinner in 1569, 
 
 p. 70. 
 pecteale, ? what bird, 70. 
 penclark, 56, writer. 
 Penda, King, 3, 65. 
 penners, 29, pen-cases. 
 Perseus and Andromeda, the tale of, 
 
 cxli. 
 Pharos, the Egiptian, 48. 
 pheasant pout, 70. 
 Phoebus, 44. 
 
 Phoebus's presents to Q. Elizabeth, 9. 
 piglite, 56, ]utcht, set up. 
 pikquarrels, 44, pickers of quarrels, 
 pild, 39, ? spoilt, adulterated. 
 Pinner, Master, one of Elizabeth's 
 
 household, 59. 
 Pirramus and Tesbe, the tayl of, 
 
 cxlvii. 
 Pius II, Pope, xxxviii, xli. 
 plat, 55, plan, design, 
 play acted before the Q.ueen, 32. 
 pleaze, 10, pleasure, 
 plover, right, and base, 70. 
 Plutus's gifts to the Q.ueen, 45. 
 poezi, 5, bit of poetry, 
 point, 21, end of a lace, 
 pointed stones, 51. 
 poking-stick, 73. 
 Pollez, 61, St. Paul's school. 
 Polyphemus's gifts to Q. Elizabeth, 46. 
 pool of 111 acres of water, at Kenil- 
 
 worth Castle, 63. 
 porpliyry, sham, 50, 75. 
 porpoise for dinner in 1569, p. 70 
 
 (see Pabees Book Index). 
 Porter, Lord Leicester's big one, 5. 
 
INDEX, 
 
 85 
 
 poungarnets, 8, pomegranates. 
 
 poynets, 38, wrist-bands. 
 
 Preachers against Plays, 27r 
 
 priar, 59, pryer. 
 
 proez, 15, prose. 
 
 proining, 51, preening. 
 
 Protheus, 52. 
 
 Protheus's gifts to Queen Elizabeth, 
 
 46. 
 Proud Wives Paternoster, sketch of, 
 
 cxiv. 
 prunes at dinner, 70. 
 psitliyrists, the best, in England, 
 
 1656 A.D., p. 67 note. 
 Psittyrne, the, 67. 
 puke, French, 37 note. 
 Pullison, Alderman, 61. 
 purchaz, 32, gain, getting, 
 putter, or putting stick, for ruffs, 73. 
 puyt, 70, peewit, 
 puzels, 23, damsels (ironically), 
 pyept, 45, piped, drunk, 
 pynz, 56, tent-pegs. 
 pyramidally, 50. 
 
 quarrelling, none at Kenilworth, 46. 
 
 qiieast, 16, jury of twelve. 
 
 quik, 16, alive. 
 
 quintine, 21, 24, qi^intain. 
 
 rabato, 73. 
 
 Eabelais's Gargantua, H. 
 
 ragged-staff, Leicester's badge, as a 
 Warwick, 9, 52. 
 
 Ealeigh, Sir Walter, his pleasure- 
 grounds, 49. 
 
 Rauf colljear (or Ralph the Collier), 
 cxliii. 
 
 rayle, 70, rail, landrail, the bird, 70. 
 
 receyt, 52, pool, basin. 
 
 recorder, 9, a musical instrument, 66. 
 
 red deer, 2, 70. 
 
 redolent, 50, sweet-smelling. 
 
 Eeformation, the, crusht ballads in 
 Scotland, clxvii. 
 
 veleef, 17, content, pleasure. 
 
 releef, 57, pension ? 
 
 rcspiravmt, 50, fit for breathing. 
 
 lleyde Eyttyn vitht the thre heydis, 
 the taiyl of, cxl. 
 
 Hobene Hude, a dance-tune, clxiii. 
 
 Robert le dyabil, due of Normandie, 
 cxxxviii. 
 
 Robert, the Ryng of the Roy, cxlvi. 
 
 Robin Hood, li ; the Play of, liii. 
 
 Robin Hood, clxiv. 
 
 Robin Hood and Little John, cxlv. 
 
 Robinson, Thomas, 67. 
 
 rok, 47, 75, distaff. 
 
 Roman, 10, Roman letters. 
 
 Rome, the Seven Wise Masters of, Iv. 
 
 Rouen : le petit rouen, a dance-figure, 
 
 clxi. 
 Royne, la ; a dance-figure, clxii. 
 ruffs, 72. 
 
 Rumbelo fayr, clvi. 
 Rush, Eriar, the story of, xlvii. 
 rut, 31, time of heat or copulation. 
 Ryens, King, of Northgalez, 42. 
 
 sacietee, 33, satiety. 
 
 sack and sugar, 61. 
 
 sackbut described, 66. 
 
 Saint Anthony's School, 61. 
 
 Sak full of Nuez, Ixvi. 
 
 salmon, 70. 
 
 salsipotent, 33, ruling the salt seas. 
 
 Saturn's care for Queen Elizabeth, 63. 
 
 Savage man, the, 46. 
 
 scoolation, 22, schooling, teaching. 
 
 Scotch Acts against pipers and min- 
 strels, clxvii. 
 
 Scotch editors of Ballads, clxxii. 
 
 Scotch tales in 1548, cxxxviii ; sweet 
 songs then, cxlix ; dances and 
 dance-tunes, clx. 
 
 seal for dinner in 1569, p. 70. See 
 Babees Boole Index. 
 
 Seargeaunt that became a Fryar, Ixvi. 
 
 Seauen Sororz of Wemen, cxiv. 
 
 Seaven Wise Masters, Iv. 
 
 Securis, John, of Salisbury; alma- 
 nacks by, cxxxvi. 
 
 sellars all caried vpon pillars, 63. * A 
 solar (G-arret, or upper Room) So- 
 larium, Sollarium.^ Law French 
 Diet. 1701. 
 
 ' Set my hors vp too the rak, & then 
 lets haue a cup of Sak,' 62. 
 
 setting stick for ruffs, 73. 
 
 Seventh of my God = Elizabeth, 43. 
 
 shalm, 7, 9. 
 
 shalme described, 66. 
 
 shees, 53, females, women. 
 
 Sheffield knives, 37, 38, 74. 
 
 Shepherdz Kalender, Ixxviii. 
 
 Ship of Foolz (by Alexander Barklay, 
 from Seb. Brandt's Latin), Ixxxv. 
 
 Shirburne Castle, Dorset, the plea- 
 sure-grounds at, 49. 
 
 shoing-horn, shining as a, 38. 
 
 shoouelarz, 8, shovellers. Anas cly- 
 
86 
 
 INDEX. 
 
 peata : see Babees Book, p. 153, 
 
 214. 
 shoveller, 70, 
 Sibyl, a, 5. 
 side, 10, long. 
 
 side, 37, syde, 38, long and wide. 
 Sidney, Lady, 59. 
 sizely, 33, according to size. 
 Skail Gillenderson, cxliii. 
 staled, 34, ran away, dispersed. 
 Skel ton's Colyn Clout, Ixis ; JElynour 
 
 Humming, Ixxv. 
 skiplis, 13, skiffs. 
 Skogan's Jests, Ixvii. 
 skratting, 17, scratching, 
 skro, 11, 40, scroll, 
 sleeked, 37, made sleek, 
 smally, 33, httle. 
 Smith, Master, custiimer, 01. 
 soil : take soU, take to the water, 13, 
 
 16. 
 soily, 40. 
 soil, 47, 48, soul, 
 soomersauts, 18, somersanlts. 
 soourged, 12, surged, 
 sospires, 60, sighs. 
 Soutra, a dance-tune, clxiv. 
 soyl, 33, water, 
 spicecakes, 23. 
 squib or squirt, 72. 
 Squyre of Lo Degree, xxiii. 
 Stafford, W. ; his ' English Pollicye ' 
 
 quoted, 28, note. 
 stag's ears cut off, 16. 
 stampine, 70, ? what bird. 
 Stanhope, Sir Thomas, 35. 
 starching houses for ruffs, 72. 
 steeuen, 41, voice. 
 Steill, Deine David ; his ' Ecign of 
 
 the Koy Robert,' cxlvi. 
 stent, ? what bird, 70. 
 stetting-stick, 37, and note. But see 73. 
 ' StU. vndir the leyuis grene ' or The 
 
 Murning Maidin, cl. 
 stockard, 70, ? what bird, 
 stonetiuet, the bird, 70. 
 stoour, 42, stoLir, battle, 
 story-books, lists of, xii, xiv. 
 strawberries, 53, 75. 
 strawn, 22, made of straw, 
 stringed musical instruments in Eng- 
 land, 1656 A.D., p. 66. 
 Stubbes on bear-baiting, 18 ; football, 
 
 22; ruffs, 
 sturgeon, 52. See Bahees Booh, p. 
 
 238. 
 
 sturgeon for dinner, 70. 
 
 Bucket, 23, 70, sweetmeat. 
 
 sugar plate, 70. 
 
 Sunday amusements at Kenilworth, 
 
 12. 
 Sunday dancing, 12, 68. 
 supportasse, 73. 
 surfit, 59, surfeited, 
 swymd, 34, swam. 
 Sylvanus's present to Queen Elizabeth, 
 
 8,46. 
 Sylvanus, 74. 
 syluerd, 8, silvered, 
 symmetrically, 50. 
 Systirs, the thre veird, the tail of, 
 
 cxlviii. 
 
 tabid stones, 51. 
 
 tag and rag, 25. 
 
 Tamlene, «/ong, and the bald Braband, 
 the tale of the, cxlv. 
 
 Tanterveale, 70, ? what bird. 
 
 taperwise, 6. 
 
 tarts, 70. 
 
 teal, 70. 
 
 temperd, 41, tuned. 
 
 tenny, 39, tawny. 
 
 Tennyson's conception of Arthiir, xvi. 
 
 tent, the large one for Queen Eliza- 
 beth, 5 note, 56. 
 
 Terence quoted, 57, 61. 
 
 terrace at Kenilworth, 48, 75. 
 
 Thalia, 46. 
 
 ' That day, that day, that gentil day,' 
 clix. 
 
 ' The murning Maidin,' a poem, cl. 
 
 'The Perssee and the Mongumrje 
 met,' clviii. 
 
 tlieorbo, GG. 
 
 Thetis, 52. 
 
 Thom of Lyn, a dance-tune, clxiv. 
 
 Thorogood, Master, 62. 
 
 thread-making, 28 note. 
 
 three, on, 54. 
 
 thre-futtit dog of Norrouay, the tala 
 of, cxlii. 
 
 threeden, 38, made of thread. 
 
 tine, 9, short prick or prong. 
 
 titubate, 24, stumble. 
 
 ton, 13, one ; 32, the one. 
 
 tonster, 37, dipt round. 
 
 tonsword, 29, 31. 
 
 tooz, 54, twos. 
 
 trade, 61, dealing, course of life. 
 
 traded, 61, carried-on. 
 
 transom, 50. 
 
INDEX. 
 
 87 
 
 trauers, 17, traverse, answer by denial, 
 treen, 24, of tree or wood. 
 Tresham, Sir Thomas, 35. 
 tridental, 52, three-toothed or 
 
 -pronged, 
 trink, 37, trick, fashion. 
 Triton, 33, 52. 
 truelove, 38, truelover's knot, like a 
 
 quatrefoil. 
 trumpeters, Leicester's, 6. 
 trust, 21, fastened. 
 Tryamoour, Syr, the story of, xxix. 
 turbot, 70. 
 
 turdion, a dance, clxii-iii. 
 turkicock, 70. 
 
 Two Dreams, The Tale of, Ixii. 
 two o'clock, the hands of the Eeiiil- 
 
 worth dials always pointed to, 55. 
 twynkling, 61, tinkling ? 
 Tyltyard at Kenilworth, 5, 20. 
 Tynt, the tail of the pure, cxliv. 
 
 uuderspringing, 53. 
 
 'Undo your Dore,' or the Squire of 
 
 low Degree, xxiii. 
 Ungrateful "Widow, Tale of the, Ixii. 
 Tplondish, 46, far from London. 
 
 venison (dead fallow deer), warrants 
 
 for, 70. 
 Venetian sleeves, 10. 
 Venus, 44. 
 viole, 67. 
 violin, 67. 
 violl, 9, viol. 
 Virgil quoted, 58, 61. 
 Virgil's Life (the magician's), xli. 
 Virgihus and his Images, Tale of, Ixi. 
 virginals, 60. 
 Volfe (or Well) of the Varldis End, 
 
 cxl. 
 Volunteers, Rifle, clxxiii. 
 Vulcan, 44, 52. 
 vyse, 55, 76, pale blue. 
 
 Wager, W. ; extract on ballads from 
 his 'The Longer thou liuest, the 
 more foole thou art,' cxxvii. 
 
 Wallace, the poem of, cxli. 
 
 ■wardens (a kind of apple) stewed, 70. 
 
 Warren and De Tabley, Lord, 65. 
 
 Warwick, badge of the Earls of, 49. 
 
 Warwick, the town, 2. 
 
 Warwick, musters of, in 1574-5, p. 69. 
 
 wasteD, 42, fine bread. 
 
 Watson, Henry ; his englished ' Ship 
 of Eools,' Ixxxv, xci. 
 
 wealks, 52, whelks. (See Bahees Booh 
 index.) 
 
 weather (wether) , the big, to be shown 
 to the Queen, 56. 
 
 Wedgenall, 36, Wedgnock Park. 
 
 Welsh-harp, 67. 
 
 vi^hirlpoolz, 52, ? the halena of " The 
 Noble Lyfe," Babees Book, p. 232. 
 That it was a sort of whale, see 
 'Tinet: m. The Whall tearmed a 
 Hoi'lepoole or Whirlepoole, Cot- 
 grave,' cited in B. B. index, p. 129. 
 ' The Whirle poole, a sea monster ; 
 Sedenette, pjiyeterre, Jiorepole, mu- 
 lasse, tinet; Un pesce mostroso 
 del mare ; Pece monstruoso marino.' 
 Howel. 
 
 Wieland's Oberon, xvii. 
 
 Wife lapt in a Morel's Skin, Ixiv. 
 
 wigeon, 70. 
 
 wight, 22, quick, active. 
 
 William of Malmesbury, 61. 
 
 wine, spiced, 70. 
 
 wizehardy, 44, the opposite of fool- 
 hardy, wisely brave. 
 
 Women, the Seven Sorrows of, cxiv. 
 
 woorship, 36, honour. 
 
 Worcester, 44. 
 
 Worceter, 62, Worcester. 
 
 ■ivorth, the meaning of, 4. 
 
 wreast, 38, 41, tuning hammer. 
 
 wreast, 53, twist, turn. 
 
 wyndlesse, 53, 55, 75, driving of deer, 
 excursus, digression. 
 
 Wynkyn de Worde on La Morte 
 Darthur, xvi. 
 
 wype, 70, lapwing. 
 
 yeald, 49, yelled. 
 
 Yooth and Charitee, sketch of, cxviii. 
 
 yorne, 68, whine. 
 
 Ypocras and Galienus, Ixi. 
 
 Ypomedon, the romance of, cxlii. 
 
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