Class_-Z" A) ^ Book -^ Copyiiglit]^^ COEffilGHT DEPOSm Samuel M. ^cnnppatker Two Hundred Copies printed in May, 1917 ^Im^ Pc^^jP^a^-^ Samuel M, ^ennppacfeet AN ADDRESS DELIVERED BEFORE THE PHILOBIBLON CLUB OCTOBER 26, 1916 BY HAMPTON L. CARSON, ESQ. PHILADELPHIA Ebc ^bilobiljlon Club 1917 Copyright, 1917, by The Philobiblon Club AUG i 5 \m PRESS OF J. B. LIPPINCOTT COMPANY PHILADELPHIA ©CI.A470646 Samuel OT, ^ennppacfeer Gentlemen of The Philobiblon Club: This meeting is commemorative of Samuel W. Pennypacker, your late president. Although not a member of your Club, I have been invited to deliver the Memorial Address, mainly, I suppose, because of my long knowledge of him in the profession of the law, and particularly because during the four years of his Governorship I stood in closer official relationship to him than any other member of his cabinet. I knew him well; I respected him truly; I honored him faithfully. I honored and respected him to the end of his life. I shall honor and respect his memory to the end of my own. It cannot be expected that I should give you a complete or well-finished portrait. It would require a volume to do that, and involve at least a year's prepa- ration. He died less than sixty days ago, and our hearts still throb with a sense of personal loss, and our eyes are still dim with emotion. He had so many sides to his character, and he was conspicuous in so many fields of human endeavor that to follow him throughout his varied career would be impracticable on an occasion such as this. Student, soldier, lawyer, judge, governor, public service commissioner, scholar, 5 historian, book-lover, book-collector, and Pennsyl- vanian, in each of these roles he won distinction, contributed to our stores of knowledge, served the State with fidelity and commanded our respect while awakening our wonder. His active life was like rock- crystal, radiating the white light of a career of usefulness and honor. In the main, I must confine myself this evening to his literary traits and his accomplishments as a biblio- phile. At some other time and place I shall endeavor to do justice to his greatness as a public man. His personality was individual and peculiar, full of the most bafiiing characteristics. Humor and seri- ousness, pride of ancestry and democratic simplicity; breadth of view, and peculiar bias ; respect for authority and disregard of conventionalities; gentleness of heart and firmness in the discharge of duty; knowledge of men, and the ingenuousness of a child ; recondite learn- ing and practical sagacity; visions of the unseen and familiarity with the farm and factory; ability to argue with the most abstract of philosophers, and ability to talk with the stable boy and track walker; a memory accurate, profound, retentive and reproductive; skill in making obscure things clear; a style of writing both plain and graphic; a peculiar elocution which at first repelled and then riveted attention; these were some of the traits which made him a marked man in any assembly, whether of the worldly great, or of lowly citizens. He fulfilled Emerson's definition of greatness, *'He is great, who is what he is from nature, and who never reminds us of others." He was a facsimile of no man. When Nature made him, she broke the mould. The task of a biographer in analyzing character is much like that of the analytical chemist in testing ores, but he has not the crucibles and scales and tubes in which to determine the quantities and qualities of the drops of ancestral blood which in the course of a long descent become a mixed and turbulent stream. The ancestry of President Pennypacker can be traced without difficulty through thirty-three generations to the ancient Counts of Holland in the ninth century, and through fifteen generations to the Queen of Edward III of England. There were men who had built churches, made pilgrimages to the Holy Land, taken part in tournaments, been rescued from pirates, founded colleges, led lives of restless ambition, or "laughed in their very hearts in the midst of jolly companions." There were women who had married kings, earls, and knights or joined the Society of Friends. There were men who were mariners, preachers, judges, assembly- men or doctors of medicine. There were women who had ransomed prisoners, were skilful with the needle, or were gentle mothers of quiet and well behaved citi- zens. *'This pedigree," as President Pennypacker once wrote, "is not without a certain philosophical value. It shows how the rulers of small states by force and fortune advanced the interests of their families until their descendants sat upon thrones, and how the blood of kings, heated by impulse and often uncontrolled by morals, filtered through dukes and earls and knights 7 and esquires until it finally became blended with that of the common people." But notwithstanding this admixture of Dutch with Norman, English and Welsh blood, from what we know of our friend, it is safe to assert that he was more influenced by Dierck of Holland than by Morgan and Thomas of England, or by Aubrey and Bevan of Wales. Samuel W^hitaker Pennypacker, born at Phcenix- ville, Pa., April 9th, 1843, was the son of Isaac Ander- son Pennypacker, who graduated in medicine at the University of Pennsylvania in 1835, the first burgess of Phoenixville in 1849, and Professor of Theory and Practice in the Philadelphia College of Medicine. His mother was Anna M. Whitaker, daughter of Joseph Whitaker, a wealthy iron master. His grandfather was Matthias Pennypacker, of Pickering, Chester County, Pa., who was a member of the Constitutional Conven- tion of 1837; a member of the Pennsylvania Assembly, and a corporator of the Philadelphia and Reading Railroad Company. His grandmother was Sarah Anderson, daughter of Isaac Anderson who had been a lieutenant in the Revolution, a member of Congress from 1803 to 1807, and later a Presidential Elector. Without pursuing the matter further, enough has been said to indicate the character of his ancestry. Through the courtesy and interest of Mr. James L. Pennypacker, a brother of our lamented friend, I am able to show you some brochures which are rare. It is a curious thing to note that a man who gave so much of his time and strength to the production of books, had his own name appear for the first time in print in a book when he was only eighteen months old. I have here, printed in Philadelphia in the year 1845, a Testimonial of Gratitude and Affection to Henry Clay, which contains the proceedings of the Whigs of Philadelphia, assembled in Town Meeting on the 19th day of December, 1844. The meeting was presided over by Hon. John Sergeant, who, as you recollect, was a vice-presidential candidate on the same ticket with Mr. Clay. The resolutions are expressive of the appreciation which the Whigs entertained of the prin- ciples of Mr. Clay and of his devotion to the cause of American labor and industry, and it seems that one of them provided for the raising of a fund to be appropri- ated to an object delicately concealed, but which his- torians know fully meant that friends came to the relief of Mr. Clay and, unknown to him, paid his debts. It was also resolved that the list of subscribers be carefully preserved and that thereafter the whole of the names be collected in a book, without specifying amounts sub- scribed, and that the list of his friends assembled, with- out the statement of the purpose of their gathering, should be presented to Mr. Clay in person, and I find, in looking over it, on page 172, the name of Samuel W. Pennypacker, so that at the age of eighteen months he became a subscriber to principles which he ever after- ward exemplified. Of course, you understand that the subscription was made in the name of the boy by his father. Doctor Pennypacker. One of his earliest ventures in literature is a Charade which I here exhibit, written by Samuel W. Penny- packer at the age of twenty -three, which was enacted December 31st, 1866, on the word *' Dramatic." Of course, it is divided into three parts, "Dram," *' Attic" and *' Dramatic" and it indicates that very early in his life he possessed the gift, which he never lost, of play- fully and at times humorously depicting in dramatic form the sentiments that were uppermost in his mind. His early experience as an assistant in a drug store is plainly seen. In the first scene there is an apothecary in his shop, bruising herbs and soliloquizing: "This is a fearful trade I follow. Thus to pound And pound, and know that every stroke is but A blow to drive the soul from some poor fellow's Body. Why was not a pestle named a pistol? It Is full as deadly. And what weapon is more mortal Than this Mortar? Ah, well, it is not for me to change The law of nature." Just then a physician enters in a fierce rage, and the Apothecary dropping his pestle offers him a chair with the words; "Good morning, doctor, pray Be seated. May you always, and your patients Never, be as well as you appear this morning.^* The Doctor curses and the Apothecary asks: "Why, Doctor, what's the matter? Has some unlucky Salve been strong enough to draw.-^" Phys.y "Go get your file of recipes — (Muttering) Recipes, a word contracted from the Rest in Peace They write on tombstones." 10 The Apothecary returning with the prescription which is illegible — the Doctor says: "There read me that direction." Apothecary, "Vinum Gallici Iz. And I did give the man A right good dram of brandy — thinking you Would have him drunk, and charge a Double fee to make him sober, calling it Some strange disease." Physician, "You idiotic dolt! 'Tis * Vinum Colchici.' " Apothecary, "Well — " Physician, "There is nothing well about it, save the Man himself, and your confounded dram did cure him." The Second Scene A poverty stricken garret, in which are a poet, his wife and an attenuated cat. The wife murmurs, while shuddering with cold, of her early dreams of a happy cottage, vine embowered, and the Poet says: "Do not complain, my wife. 'Tis well we have A room to live in, though it be an attic." Then the Poet, thinking aloud, says: " 'Tis ever thus with genius. Men of coarser mold Can delve and burrow in the earth and satisfy their Great craving, but the spirit can be happy only in its Aspirations and self-consciousness. Milton sold his Poems for a paltry sum that any hod might scorn, well Knowing he would live forever, ♦ * * I have rhymed The pith of Laon with the scorching wit of Attica, But hark — " Wife, "What is it?" Poet, "Methought I heard a sound." 11 Wife, "It was the scratching of the cat, who groans For hunger. " Poety "It seems to me a tick of some old fashioned Clock, Hke that which stood within your father's hall." Wife, "'Tis said approaching death so lets Itself be known." Scene third is laid in Phoenixville. The manager is walking up and down his room with a copy of the **Phc3enix" in his hand and reads, "I will give a grand Dramatic entertainment in the Temperance Hall, on the 1st of March. The actors will be amateurs exclu- sively. Those wishing to participate should call upon the undersigned at 2 o'clock next Monday afternoon, prepared to prove their skill. Decided talent will be liberally paid for." He lays aside the paper. The bell rings. Enter an Irishman. The manager asks: "Well sir, who are you.'*" Irishman, "Be Jabers, I'm a Fanlan." Manager, "What may be your business here with me.^" Irishman, "My business, is it.? Faith, I drive a cart. A damn poor trade it is, I tell ye that. The paper says ye want some ammytoors to do Your actin' for ye, and be gorry it's mysilf's The Bye to do it. I like this actin. It is moighty fine to see the girls hustle around the stage." Just then a young lady enters who says she can sing. Manager, "Let me hear you sing." She begins: "There is a happy land Far, far away Where—" Manager, "Stop, stop, no more of that." 12 Just then a hooded stranger enters. Manager, "And who are you?" Stranger, "Glamis thou art and Cawdor; and shall be What thou art promised." A yokel interrupts, and the Manager sneeringly asks: "Well, country, have you parted with your oats?" Yokel: " I hev, ole hoss, I geve em to them other mules Below. Would you like to have some?" Then an artist appears who, stalking across the room, says: "I speak not to disprove what Brutus spoke But I am here to speak what I do know. You all did love him once." Manager (Rising): "My friends, this exhibition is entirely to my satisfac- tion. I need detain you now no longer. I engage you one and all, and for our entertainment we will take tlie best Dramatic work in any language — Shakespeare^ s Hamlet." That he retained through the years the faculty of writing skits appears by a little one which he wrote, while actually on the bench engaged in hearing appli- cations to the Court of Quarter Sessions for Liquor Licenses, entitled. Reports of Cases in the Philadelphia License Court of 1901 : "In Curiam Currente C alamo Scribentur.'' The Dramatis Personse are Judges Penny- packer and McMichael, detectives of the Law and Order Society, and applicants for license — German, Italian, Irish and the like — innumerable. The spirit of the performance is indicated by the following quotations from Milton and Dr. Johnson. "License they mean when they cry liberty." 13 "There is nothing which has yet been contrived by man by which so much happiness is produced as by a good tavern." Eleven cases are heard by the Court. Case 2 is that of Celia B. Gilbert, and is reported thus: "Mon cher ami J'entend un cri — Der Weber ist gefallen, Les hommes courirent, Les femmes soupirent, Und laut die Schreie schallan." Case 3. "If French you be II fait un bruit But, when in accents loud and clear, He tells of Tontorello's beer The story lags, *Tis only Noyes." (A detective.) Case 4. Nicholas Pessalono. "And now there comes an end to Pessalono's joys When a law and order agent got his bottles and an-Noyes." Case 6. Philip Engelke. "Though small and scarce the angels be McMichael finds an Engel-Ke — Though fortune tap but once in a cycle. She scatters her favors before McMichael." Case 9. George Dokenwadel. "Dokenwadel Was fiir ein twaddle About a 'boddle'.? When you sell it Why not tell it?" Case 11. Frederik W. Wolf. (A bottler who sold beer to the Kensington Athletic Club, No. 3643 Market St.) " On the Kensington sward, 14 In the Twenty-fourth ward, Are trained Athle-tes; They stride from afar, CHng close to the bar And swift run into diabetes." By this time the Court is tired: The cultured but weary McMiehael Canted: "Hold! enough! Ich hab genug; Assez J 'en ai; I hope and pray You will away; Moucho no sano Poes es bueno; Nunc sortis est. Give us a rest, Life is short," (To the Crier) "Adjourn the Court." Exeunt omnes. I have here in another style a fable after the manner of iEsop, A Political Fable: "Once upon a time, and a very good time it was, too, a trusty Watch Dog, who was left, in the absence of his master, to guard the household, had a struggle with a worthless Tramp. The Tramp, worsted in the contest, and smarting with pain and the sting of defeat, said, 'Well, if I cannot beat you I can at least give you a bad name.' Thereupon he ran through the streets and byways of the town crying at the top of his voice, so that all might hear, 'Bad Dog! Bad Dog!' The credulous people, none too nice in distinguishing the differences in sounds and deceived into thinking the dog was 'mad,' set upon the trusty Watch Dog and stoned him to death. And the worthless Tramp 15 went on his way rejoicing, for that not only had he his revenge from his defeat, but he was in a better plight for getting into the kitchen in his next coming into that town. SEQUEL The unwary people, such was their haste, did not stone to death the trusty Watch Dog, but another dog that chanced to be passing through the town at that time." You will the better appreciate the humor of this piece if I read you the inscription which is as follows: "To the Hon. Matthew Stanley Quay, Long Island, 1776, Fredericksburg, 1862, New York, 1888, Washington, 1890, This fable, showing, in mice, the results of the election in Pennsylvania in 1890, is dedicated By a Pennsylvanian, Proud of Pennsylvania Achievement." In entire contrast to the style of the three brochures I have shown you, indicative of his light and playful humor, I want now to read a passage from the address which he delivered at Gettysburg on the 30th of May, 1904, in introducing President Roosevelt. "The presidential office is so great a station among men that those who fill it are not to be regarded as personalities. Their individuality is lost in its immensity. Jackson repre- sented its rough, uncouth and undisciplined strength. Lincoln looms up above all other Americans bearing the burden of woe and suffering which fate laid upon his broad shoulders in its time of stress and trial. Blessed be his memory for evermore! No people can look forward to the fulfillment of such a destiny as events seem to outline for us save one alert and eager with the enthusiasm and vigor 16 of youth. No other president has so stood for that which after all typifies our life,— the sweep of the winds over broad prairies, the snow-capped mountains and the rushing rivers, the Sequoia trees, the exuberance of youth conscious of red blood, energy and power painting our bow of promise,— as does Theodore Roosevelt. He has hunted in our woods, he has enriched our literature, he has ridden in the face of the enemy, he has maintained our ideals. Upon this day devoted to the memories of the heroic dead,— in Pennsylvania, a sad Decoration Day, — the achievements of the prolific past and the promise of the teeming future confront each other. To-day for the first time Theodore Roosevelt treads the field made immortal by the sword of George Gordon Meade and hallowed by the prose dirge of Abraham Lincoln." Here is a little pamphlet, which I cannot stop to read, but which is characteristic of his bent, entitled The South African War in nuce. It is a severe arraignment of England's attempt, and a finally suc- cessful attempt, to conquer the Transvaal, but it is in President Pennypacker's best style and is quite as pointed in its rhetoric as anything could well be. I will quote but one passage: "Oom Paul takes his place, not in a niche in the Trans- vaal, but alongside of Leonidas and Winkelried, of Wallace and William of Orange, among the heroes of old time and the whole world, to incite the brave to effort for the ages yet to come. * * * Mothers will tell their children, poets will sing the story, and historians will write in their pages how the burghers fought and died upon the kopjes of South Africa to save their homes." I have brought here the manuscript of Governor Pennypacker's Address on Anthony Wayne, at the time of the unveiling of the statue on the hills of Valley 17 Forge, and it is entirely characteristic of his method of composition. He always wrote out an important paper in longhand and did it in ink, and you can see with what fluency he wrote. Very few corrections were made. As he warmed up in his task the hand- writing becomes quite illegible, and familiar as I am with it, the last few pages of this address are to me almost undecipherable. I exhibit this because it is characteristic of his work. He never attempted to dictate addresses but always wrote in longhand. He was as fluent as a writer as he was as a speaker. You will recall that he also wrote Historical and Biographical Sketches gathered into a book, containing among other things his youthful experiences as a soldier as a volunteer in the Gettysburg campaign entitled Six Weeks in Uniform. If you ask for his more serious work, I can touch it but lightly. He published four volumes of Reports of the Decisions of the Supreme Court of Pennsylvania, known as Pennypacker's Reports^ which had escaped the attention of former reporters, and which filled a gap in the historical statement of our judicial develop- ment. When called on to deliver an address before the Law Academy of Philadelphia, he performed a task which tested his patience and his accuracy to the ut- most. He produced a small volume of Colonial Cases of Pennsylvania, which he dug out of seventeen vol- umes in the first series of our Colonial Records, a task of extraordinary industry. Those volumes, printed on 18 thin paper, contain an average of 450 pages each, and if you multiply that number by 17 you find that he examined nearly 8000 pages in order to extract 76 cases which came judicially before Colonial Judges between the time Penn landed in 1C82 and the year 1713. The result is indicative of pertinacious burrow- ing into the past, a labor which was not in vain, because it rescued that past and made it intelligible. If you wish to look at his judicial labors, or records of them, you will find them scattered through the volumes of the Philadelphia and District Reports. He was not a judge who loaded his opinions with cita- tions of authority. He was so well grounded in prin- ciples that a clear statement of the law, about which he felt reasonably certain, was with him an emphatic way of expressing himself. There are some judges who draw themselves up by the balustrades of authority, climbing from case to case before they can reach the top. Other judges, well aware of a principle, and having the gift of stating it concisely and clearly, will satisfy themselves by direct statement and an application to the facts found either by the verdict of a jury or by a referee. To this class Judge Pennypacker belonged. The late Samuel Dickson, as Chancellor of the Law Association of Philadelphia, once said in a pubUc ad- dress : " It is not possible for the wit of man to exag- gerate the value to the community of having such a judge as Pennypacker on the bench." Wlien he became Governor of the State, he intro- duced a style in official messages which w^as thereto- 19 fore unknown. The public had paid little or no heed to the veto messages of governors, but the moment Governor Pennypacker began that extraordinary series which is printed in a separate volume, attention was paid not only to matter but to manner all over the State and finally all over the country. I will quote from one or two of them as indicating something new in state literature. There was a bill, but six or seven lines long, that made it lawful for a railroad corpora- tion to sell a part or parts of its corporate plant to any other railroad corporation. The Governor vetoed it in these words: "The purpose of this bill is to enable any railroad cor- poration to convey a part or parts of its railroad and the franchises to any other railroad having a railroad connecting with such part or parts. There is no attempt to define what shall constitute a part. There was once a man who was cut into pieces. One piece consisted of a fragment of his finger nail, the other piece was the rest of his body." There was an Act of Assembly sent to his table to prohibit spitting under penalty of fine and imprison- ment. The Governor vetoed it in this language: "The purpose of the bill appears to be an eflFort to make people nice and cleanly in their habits by legislation. It is not confined to those who have consumption or other diseases which may be so transmitted. There are certain inconveniences which necessarily result from association with our fellows and which have to be endured. There is an efiluvia, more or less disagreeable, from every living person. There is an exudation from every pore of the skin. There are conditions under which spitting is almost impos- sible to restrain. Among the thousands of people who go to 20 a circus, one or more may have a cold; catarrh, or sudden contact between the teeth and tongue may cause a flow of saliva. Imprisonment seems to be severe punishment for yielding to what cannot always be prevented. If spittoons were provided, there would be a stronger reason for such legislation. Upon the whole, while it must be conceded that spitting is not nice, pleasant or polite, it seems to me that it would be better to leave the cure of a bad habit to the gradual development of a better taste and higher culture rather than to attempt a regulation by law, in the shape of an enactment which imposes imprisonment, instead of a well digested health regulation." A bill authorized the sheriff of every county in the Commonwealth to run down suspected murderers by bloodhounds. The Governor vetoed it in these words: "The purpose of this bill is to authorize the sheriff of every county whose population does not exceed one hun- dred and fifty thousand to acquire and maintain two blood- hounds which shall be used only to pursue a person or persons charged with murder or felony. It is far better that a person charged with crime should escape than that the means pro- vided for in this Act should be used for his capture." From this Volume of Veto Messages I am simply picking out a few instances showing the range of his activity. The Legislature had passed an act prohibit- ing the killing of bears with any other w^eapon than a gun and at any other time of the year except the month of November. The Governor said: "The bear is an animal not always of a gentle disposition and especially if it be a female bear with cubs. If a man wandering in the woods is attacked by such a bear in some other month than November what is he to do.? Bears are sometimes the aggressors and prove to be injurious to the 21 crops and the sheep pen of the farmer. Is he not to be per- mitted to protect his property save in the month of Novem- ber? The bill provides that no bear is to be killed excepting with firearms. Should the woodsman be attacked by a bear while cutting down trees in the woods, may he not use his axe.'^" I happened to be present at the time that he for- mulated his views with regard to this bill, and I begged him not to change the first draft. He thought the form crude and beneath the dignity of a message to the Legislature, but the way it originally occurred was this. He said : "I herewith return without my approval Senate Bill No. 236 which makes it a crime, punishable by fine and imprisonment, to kill a bear in any other month of the year than November and with any other weapon than a gun. Suppose a man chopping wood, with an axe in his hand, is attacked by a bear in the month of July.'' The bear won't wait until November and won't let him go and get a gun." Here is a veto message of a totally different kind, and it is one of which the Governor felt proud. A bill had been introduced to enlarge the powers of condem- nation enjoyed by railroads in taking properties, in- cluding those occupied, in whole or in part, as dwell- ings by the owners. The Governor wrote as follows: "When the land of a citizen is taken by a railroad it is taken by the Commonwealth, because the public necessities require the sacrifice. Is it then more to the interest of the Commonwealth that there should be an absolutely straight line between New York or Chicago, because that is the logical end toward which one alternative takes us, or is it more to the interest of the Commonwealth that the citizen should be permitted to rear his family at his own fireside undis- 22 turbed, with all that this means for the preservation of the race and its virtues? It seems to me that it is possible to take a middle course to avoid both Scylla and Charybdis and to this extent at least to put the exercise of the right of eminent domain where in principle it belongs. There may be a house about which there can be no sentiment and little value owned by a man without family, which he proposes to sell at an enormous price because it stands in the line of a great public improvement. There may be a home typical of all that is good in American life, around which cluster the associations of centuries and which ought to be preserved regardless of trade. There may be a railroad organized at a venture without public need, destined to end in failure after the destruction of much which is more useful than itself. Is it wise to leave the determination of what ought to be saved and what may be destroyed to a board of interested directors.^ Is it wise to have judgment rendered by one of the parties? The bill ought to have provided for a tribunal representing the State which could decide upon the necessity and while being just to the railroad, could protect the citizen. If we are to go further with the grants of the right to take private property, and any one who has kept pace with recently projected legislation can see whither we are else drifting, some such plan ought to be adopted." Those words — "Is it wise to have judgment ren- dered by one of the parties?" — are indicative of the judicial attitude which he preserved in the Governor's chair throughout his entire course. I recollect being in the Governor's room one morning when the Deputy Secretary of the Commonwealth brought a pile of commissions and spread them on the table for the Governor's signature. The Governor said: "What are these?" "Commissions, sir." "Commissions of whom?" "Railway and iron police." "Who are they? " " W' hy, 23 Governor, you know that it is usual for the Governor of Pennsylvania to commission a number of men in order to preserve order in case of violence around properties, factories, mines or other places where strikers are assembling." "Who sent the names here for the commissions? I have not seen them before, and you have got the commissions filled up." *'The names were suggested." "Suggested by whom?" "They are sent here by the companies themselves." He said: "I want it understood from this time out that I never will sign a commission which puts the power to arrest or the sovereignty of the State in the hands of any appointee or nominee of one of the parties to any controversy." Out of that fair attitude arose our independent State Constabulary, modeled on the Canadian Police, which has been the finest and most efficient force in the main- tenance of law and order throughout this Common- wealth. Governor Pennypacker is entitled to the credit of having then and there conceived the idea of an in- dependent body which should stand between the striker and the property owner, and thus prevent a frequent cause of bloodshed and violence, where strikers became irritated by finding they were shot at, or threat- ened to be shot at by men whom they knew to be in the employ of the opposite party to the controversy. The incident is characteristic of his whole attitude through- out his governorship. I turn to him in another capacity, that of a col- lector, and I have brought here a few of the catalogues of his collections to indicate to you the character of 24 work that he did. I will read an extract from the pref- ace, and it is worthy of being read because written by Mr. Henkels, who is an expert and well knows what he is cataloguing: "This collection is a magnificent monument to the usefulness of the antiquary, in the preservation of documents and tomes which would probably have been destroyed through the carelessness of their owners, had not his forethought seen their use as records of history and mementoes of those who were great, and likely to be forgotten but for these mute witnesses of their one-time existence. Hours, days, weeks, months and years has Governor Pennypacker spent in untiring research. No manuscript was too discolored for him to pass over carelessly, no volume too unpretentious for him to cast aside without first examining its con- tents, as well as any inscriptions which might appear thereon. Consequently, we have here a really wonder- ful gathering of Manuscripts, Diaries, and Common- place Books of many of the most important personages of Colonial and Revolutionary times — books from the libraries of great Generals, Statesmen, Divines, Poets and others; elegantly Illuminated Vellum Missals, Church Chorals, and Antiphonalias." I will now call your attention to one or two notes, written by Governor Pennypacker himself, descriptive of the books, suggestive of the extraordinary learning which he carried in a modest and unobtrusive way. Here is a folio which is a record of the Supreme Court held at Philadelphia for the Province of Pennsyl- 25 vania before John Kinsey, Chief Justice in the year 1743, and associates Thomas Graeme and WiUiam Till. "This folio contains the names of 303 German res- idents of Philadelphia, Chester, Bucks and Lancaster Counties, naturalized by the Supreme Court. Hilde- burn attributes it to Joseph Crellius who, Thomas says, printed a newspaper for some years, but if printed by him it is the only specimen of his work known to exist. My belief is that it was printed by Benjamin Franklin and that Crellius was only a German agent for that shrewd man of business. A comparison of type and paper shows that they are identical with those used by Franklin. If Crellius had a printing office it is remark- able that no book or pamphlet printed by him is known. Hildeburn had never seen a copy." You observe that his eye was like that of a bank clerk detecting something suspicious in the appearance of a bank note. Another number consists of "A New Guide to the English Tongue in Five Parts," and Governor Penny- packer writes : "This is in a rather imperfect condition, but it is the only copy known. It contains the twelve Fables of iEsop with all the wood cuts and is the first Franklin issue with illustrations, and the first American Edition of ^Esop's Fables." He acquired a highly valuable historical collection of twenty-one autograph letters, twelve being originals by Franklin and nine by his son William Franklin, the Colonial Governor of New Jersey. When in London in 1898, he acquired an original portrait of Benjamin Franklin drawn in pencil by Ben- 26 jamin West, sold at the dissipation of the West collec- tion. He had it framed in wood taken from the origi- nal floor of Independence Hall during the restoration of the building in 1898. At the same time he acquired the Wedgwood portrait of Franklin in porcelain. With regard to books having personal associations, I find that he had Peter Lloyd's copy of the second Bradford's Laws of Pennsylvania printed in the year 1728 and sold by Andrew Bradford. It was a compila- tion made by David Lloyd, the first of our great Com- moners in Pennsylvania, who fought the fight of the people against Penn, just as Franklin did later against the Penn family, and contains in addition the Acts of the Session of 1728-9. The Governor wrote: "This is the second collection of Pennsylvania Laws, with the autographs on the title page of Peter Lloyd in 1729 and William Lloyd in 1759. The original owner had bound in it, for notes, a lot of paper, nineteen folios of which are not written on, and it happens that this paper was made at the Rittenhouse Paper Mill on the Wissa- hickon, the first in America. The watermark is a clover leaf, which was the town seal of Germantown, and the initials K. R. stand for Klaus Rittenhouse; probably the largest amount of paper of that kind unused in existence." He secured a book with which I was quite familiar when a boy: Hickey's Edition of the Constitution of the United States, together with the Declaration of Independence, compiled with notes and largely used by Senators and Members of Congress. This copy had 27 written in it in his own proper autograph the name of "Jefferson Davis, 28th December, 1848," and stamped on the outside was "Honorable Jefferson Davis, Senator United States, Mississippi." Governor Pennypacker wrote "His book and httle good did it do him." Here is Melancthon's Copy of Virgil, described as follows : MELANCTHON. Virgil "Georgicorum P. Vir- gilii Maronis liber cum novo commentario Hermann! Torrentini." 4to, original edges, modern boards. Impressum Argentine loanni Knoblouch, Anno Domini MDVIII. " Melancthon's copy with his numerous interlinea- tions and notes: From the celebrated library (with book-plate) of Georgius Kloss, M. D. Francofurti ad Maenum. 25/1508." Here is a book from the Library of William Penn: "PENN. A Treatise of the Corruption of Scrip- ture, Counsels and Fathers, by the Prelates, Pastors, and Pillars of the Church of Rome, for maintenance of Popery and irreligion by Thomas James Samm 4to, old calf." He also acquired Abraham Lincoln's fee book. It is the original autograph fee book of the law firm of Lincoln & Herndon of the year 1847, and contains thirty-eight pages, twelve in the handwriting of Lin- coln and twenty-six in the handwriting of Mr. Herndon. I might go on indefinitely, but let me read to you a general description of this great collection of books by a man who for years was familiar with it : 28 "The Governor was a general collector of Ameri- cana. Of course he adhered more strictly to items re- lating to the State of Pennsylvania, and especially to early printers of that State, as also to Books relating to the Mennonites and the Moravians. During the forty-five or fifty years of his collecting, within my memory, and I think he commenced that collecting about the time I went into business, he accumulated one of the most remarkable collections of books and pamphlets printed by Benjamin Franklin, and owned at that time by any private individual." The second collection is of personal association books, manuscript commonplace books and diaries. Part three embraces his collection of books and pam- phlets on the history of Pennsylvania. Part four em- braces a collection of books relating to general Ameri- can history. Part five embraces a collection of books relating to the Quakers and the publications of the Sower press of Germantown, and the early presses of the inland towns of Pennsylvania. In that collection was a complete set of the Seven New Testaments published by Christopher Sower, printed from 1745 to 1775. It was the only complete set in existence. An- other item was "Truth Advanced in the Correction of many gross and hurtful errors" by George Keith, printed in the year 1694. Part six contained his col- lection of autograph letters, caricatures, broadsides, portraits and views. Part seven was a collection of publications from the press of Robert Bell, of the Ephrata Society and early American printers. Part 2» eight embraced his books relating to the University of Pennsylvania and works generally on bibliography. By consent of the State Librarian I am permitted to read a letter which he sent me : "Some time ago I was requested by the Mennonites to secure for them the first edition of the works of Menno Simons. It was found that the only known copy was in the Royal Library at The Hague. I wrote and asked the Librarian whether he would have it photographed or whether he would allow me to have the book and have a photographic copy made. Very much to my surprise the book was sent here and the Mennonite Committee has expressed its satisfaction, inasmuch as they would have been led into grievous error without having had access to this particular vol- ume. When I told Governor Pennypacker about it he said, 'You did a wrong thing. The book might now be at the bottom of the sea, and all trace of the matter would then have been lost.' I remarked, 'Suppose the Germans had gone into Holland instead of into Bel- gium, what would have become of the volume?' His reply was, 'Montgomery, you can always justify your- self in any wrong that you perpetrate.' Then he added, with quite as characteristic a touch as the other, 'Inasmuch as you have the book and have a copy made I would like to have one.' " Mr. Montgomery adds: "He spoke in French, Dutch and German, and read Latin and Greek fluently. I have taken very badly written early German manuscripts to him and he would read them off without the slightest trouble, commenting in his quaint way as he passed along." Before I tell an anecdote which illustrates some of the experiences he had in collecting, let me read a little further from Mr. Montgomery of whom I asked some description of Governor Pennypacker's activity in book lore: "I very often examined his books and some 7,000 are still in the possession of the family. These comprise all the writings relative to the Perkiomen Valley and everything alluding to the Pennypacker family and any of its ramifications. A few years ago the Schwenk- felders formed a commission to print all the works of Emanuel Schwenkfeld consisting of some 96 different titles. A representative was sent abroad who went all the way up the Rhine into Switzerland and he brought back 50 out of the 96. Some one happened to mention this matter to the Governor who gravely remarked, * Why didn't they come to me "^ I have 90 of the 96 in my own collection.' "Among the books he allowed to go at the time of the sale was a beautiful copy of one of the rarest of the Franklin imprints, 'An essay on the Dry-Gripes' by Thomas Cadwalader; one of the earliest medical treatises written and published in America. He had a large collection of Poor Richard Almanacs, the one for 1739 brought $215 and it was not up to that time in the Library of the Historical Society. He had the original manuscript hymn-book of Johannis Kelpius and the other hermits of the Wissahickon; the original manuscript fee book of the law firm of Lincoln & Herndon, containing 12 pages written by the Emanci- pator and the balance being in the hand of his partner; 31 The Disputatio Inauguratio of Francis Daniel Pasto- rius, written upon his graduation in law, the only known copy; the original autobiography of Robert Proud with two drawings of himself; a unique volume of pamphlets gathered and bound by General Washing- ton with his autograph and bookplate, containing *A prayer for the benefit of the soldiery in the American Army' by Leonard; the original plans of the encamp- ment at Valley Forge 1777-78, describing the forces under Lord Sterling and Lafayette; the excessively rare first map of Pennsylvania published in London in 1690 by Thomas Holme, now in the State Library; and Bradford's 'Laws of Pennsylvania,' 1714. All of the earlier printed laws were represented in his collection. He had also 'Some letters and an abstract of letters from Pennsylvania, ' one of three known copies printed and sold by Andrew Sower, 1691; William Smith's 'Historical account of the expedition against the Ohio Indians' originally attributed to Thomas Hutchings, London, 1766; the valuable works by Peter Plocklioy, 'The Way to Peace, a settlement of this Nation,' ad- dressed to Cromwell, and 'Kort En Claer,' Count Zinzendorf's copy; Dr. William Smith's 'Brief State of the Province of Pennsylvania,' with his autobio- graphical notes; Henry Dearborn's original manu- script orderly book at Valley Forge, 1778; Morgan Edwards ' ' Material Towards the History of the Ameri- can Baptists'; Luden's 'Selection of the most interest- ing narratives of outrages committed by the Indians in their Wars with the White People,' Carlisle, 1808; 32 Charles Thompson's 'Enquiry into the Causes of the Alienation of the Delaware and Shawanees Indians from the British Interest,' a fine clean copy with the map and original covers, bound in London, 1759; David Vries 'Corte Historiael ende Journaels,' one of the rarest of books." That in a general way indicates not only the line and direction of his collecting but also its extraordinary breadth and the way in which he brought together large collections so as to focus light on Pennsylvania history. I recall being at a dinner where a number of collectors were present, in fact it was called The Crank Club, in which each man was called on to narrate some particular experience of his own in the matter of collecting. Governor Pennypacker said that he had noticed in a catalogue of Davis & Harvey a letter of Ephraim Blaine, grandfather of James G. Blaine, addressed to James Wilson, the first professor of law in our University of Pennsylvania, a signer of The Declaration of Independence, and also one of the framers of the Constitution of the United States; having great admiration for both the writer and the addressee, he wished to become the owner of that letter. The price, however, soared out of his reach. He did not know who the buyer was by name but he noticed to whom it had been knocked down by the auctioneer. Somewhat disappointed, he strolled down town to Leary's, and in turning over books came across the second edition of Poe's Poems. He bought it for a 33 trifle, somewhat less than a dollar, slipped it in his pocket, walked up Chestnut Street and, finding that the auctioneer's flag was still out, again ascended the stairs. In going up he met the man who had purchased the Wilson letter coming down and happened to over- hear him say to a friend at his side "I wonder why it is that the second edition of Poe's poems is so scarce? It never seems to turn up." The Governor drew it out of his pocket and said "Would you like to look at one?" and he said "I saw his mouth water, and he finally said to me 'Will you part with it?'" "Well," said the Governor, "perhaps." "What do you think it would be worth?" Said he, "I think it would be worth exchanging for a letter from Ephraim Blaine to James Wilson," and, he concluded, "We made the ex- change and each one was satisfied." x\s to his artistic side I wrote to an artist who knew him well, and who is more than an artist, being an his- torian and somewhat of a publicist, and he wrote me this letter: "Covering a number of years in which Governor Penny- packer came to my studio I learned that he always had the real facts concerning the books he was after. I recall many instances of his intimate knowledge of books he wanted, particularly one relating to a volume I gave no value to, and he afterwards showed an interest in it. I asked him why he wanted it, and he said he saw an advertisement several years ago in a publication of a book in Scotland that such a book would be published in Philadelphia, and had been on the lookout for it for years. "While I was not interested in the character of books he collected, he surprised me with his intimate knowledge 34 of what he did want, even though he had not discovered or seen them, and, while he had the practical Pennsylvania German thrift in his purchases, he had the intelligence to pay for rare things when they came to him, but again, only what he wanted; the commercial side was of no importance to him. He purchased no bargains for a possible larger return. He was a collector first and last with a definite object in view, and to fulfil some well defined purpose. "In my relations with him during his sittings for his portrait at Pennypacker Mills, the impression he gave me was of a man contented in mind and body — great pride in his office, and an interest in his ancestry which in him with his democratic makeup was hard to define. Mr. Justice Brown of the Supreme Court of the United States said to me that the greatest sticklers for precedence in Washington that he knew of were Mr. Justice Harlan and Speaker Cannon, notwithstanding their apparent democratic de- meanor, and this I feel was true of Pennypacker. Our friend was a character of a past time, and in studying him, you could almost conceive of a man, perhaps one of the first German settlers, suddenly brought into modern con- ditions; that is in his relation to art, that is the impression he gave. "He was pre-eminently a primitive, with all the natural innocence that goes with the quaint and really artistic production of the early German settlers. In his apparently cold house on North 15th Street, and his Pennypacker Mills home, with its utter lack of what is termed artistic decoration to-day, he unconsciously possessed a delightful, and to my mind an artistic simplicity, heightened by a few prints and decorations such as an early Pennsylvanian German may have had. His preference was for such en- gravers as Dawkins and Norman, and I recall his intense satisfaction when he acquired the rare print of Dickinson, done I believe by Dawkins, a quaint, interesting and honest effort of the engraver's limited talents and opportunities. His tendency was entirely in this direction, not only in 35 prints, but in pottery and pewter; it saved him from the meretricious in modern things, and his surroundings were harmonious and consistent with his temperament. It would have been a pity to have educated him out of it, even if that were possible. "He was a keen lover of the natural beauties surrounding his home at Pennypacker Mills. I recall while sitting on a low bench with him on a low bank of the Perkioraen his discussion of the splendid surroundings, and how he had acquired the opposite shore of the creek, so that its beauty should not be marred by so-called modern improvements. Yours very sincerely, Albert Rosenthal." Of his love of books, and the general character of his reading, permit me to add a few words. I have examined three notebooks in his own handwriting which contain the record of his literary studies. They begin in October, 1863, and close, without omission of a single year, in 1916. They combine the features of commonplace books, anthologies, quotations of strik- ing passages both in prose and poetry, with careful lists of the authors read, the number of pages contained in each, arranged under appropriate headings. They embrace Greek, Latin, French, German, Dutch, Itahan and Spanish as well as English books, carefully sum- marized. In 1863, he read a total of 21,130 pages, of which 5336 were in law% and 15,794 in general litera- ture. In the former, Coke-Littleton, Blackstone, Kent, Sir William Jones, Burlamaqui, and Williams alter- nated with Voltaire, Rousseau, Des Cartes, Hobbes, Locke, Hume, Goethe, Spenser, Byron, Dryden, Pope, Wordsworth, Tennyson, Chaucer and Swinburne. Dur- 36 ing the succeeding years, he fell but httle below this average. Even while he was Governor, oppressed with affairs of State, he refreshed himself with literature, reading the Bible from cover to cover for the fourth time; in 1904 reading 27,934 pages, of which 1321 were in German, 48 in Dutch, and 216 in Italian. In 1906, while still in office, he ran the figures up to 31,578 pages, of which 779 were in German and 1002 in French. His list for that year includes all of Shakespeare's English Historical Plays, Henry IV, V, VI, VII, VIII, King John, Richard II and Richard III. In that year as in former ones, he filled pages with quotations from what he had read. In 1910, while at Pennypacker's Mills, he filled 89 pages with extracts from Latin, French and old English authors. In 1916, while sick and suffering, he read Poe, Macaulay, Bayard Taylor's novels Joseph and the Story of Kennetty the Life of Menno Simon, Charles Francis Adams' Autobiog- raphy, Trollope, and Koster's Secrets of German Success. Through all the years, at frequently recur- ring intervals he returned to Bunyan, Milton and Thomas a Kempis. The two following letters, which I will read, show how strongly he clung to his favorite ideals, and how lofty those ideals were. Just a word as to how these letters came to be written. Mr. Albert Mordell, a member of the Philadelphia bar, some years ago wrote a very extraordinary little brochure entitled "The Shifting of Literary Values." He followed that by another work called "Waning 37 Classics" in which he maintained the thesis that as Dante, Milton, John Bunyan, Thomas a Kempis and Thomas Aquinas in their great works represent very largely an antiquated, worn out, mediaeval faith, their value from a literary point of view was passing away, and that you could no longer attempt to classify them among the great poets if you define poetry as an art which should have effect on human life or human con- duct, and he sent copies of his papers to Governor Pennypacker, whose replies I will read because they indicate how profoundly the Governor thought on sub- jects which are somewhat outside a busy man's duties. Philadelphia, July 23, 1912. "Dear Mr. Mordell: — "I read very carefully your brochure upon 'The Shift- ing of Literary Values,' and I thank you for your courtesy in sending it to me. "The paper indicates wide and industrious reading, and manifests a courage to think out and express your own con- victions upon important subjects. To a certain extent I agree with your conclusions. The importance of every book must be more or less affected by an ascertainment of the fact that the views it expresses are incorrect. Your thesis is that literature 'having been the depository of men's thoughts in the past must wane in artistic value if the world has discovered that these ideas were false.' The soundness of this proposition depends upon two assumptions, first: that the world has so discovered, and second: that artistic value depends upon present utility. It seems to me that we cannot be quite sure of either of these conditions. An India shawl may be admired by a woman in the tropics, even though she may not wear it. We admire the Chinese carving of a monster, which never existed. We likewise admire the art of an arrow head made of Jasper, although .88 the situation which brought it about is in the forgotten past, and its uses gone forever. The fact that so many men and women still read Marcus Aurelius and Thomas a Kempis shows that the standards of ethics have not changed, to the extent that you and Nietzsche suppose. "It is still wise to exercise restraint over our bodily impulses and functions. The child, who admiring the beauty of a hornet, picks it up is sure to suffer. The man of wealth who takes a strumpet in his yacht would do better to read Thomas a Kempis. "Expressing in this way some modification of your views, I congratulate you upon having done a serious work. Very truly yours, Saml. W. Pennypacker." The following letter was written entirely with his left hand after he had broken his right arm. He had lost the address of Mr. Mordell and simply addressed it to him "in Philadelphia." It was returned to the Governor and he afterwards re-sent it to Mr. Mordell with the comment that he saw that a Democratic Administration was unable to find him. As illus- trating the success of the Post OflSce in finding a man, I recollect that Lawrence Hutton, who lived at Princeton when Mark Twain was abroad, endeavored to find him, and not knowing his address, and nobody else knowing his address, simply put on a postal card "Mark Twain, the Lord knows where," and in about six weeks he got back a postal card in Mark's hand- writing "He did." The letter I now read: "Harrtsburg Club, October 19, 1915. "Dear Mordell: "I have read the 'Waning Classics' which you were good enough to send me. It is a bold, strong presentation 39 of a view and contains a measure of truth, but not absolute truth which is still at the bottom of the well. The best of your papers, and the one with which I least agree, is that upon the Imitation of Christ. Pardon me for saying to you that you are making an unsuccessful effort to close your eyes to certain phases of truth. "When I was a child I read with great enthusiasm the Pilgrim's Progress oblivious to the allegory and interested alone in the story. Are you familiar with Bergson's Evolu- tion? His theory is that instinct and intelligence are both evolved, that intellect having arisen from a consideration of the concrete, numbers, lines, and logic, is utterly incap- able of comprehending life and that as to life instinct is our only guide. This is the thought of Pascal worked out by a scientist, except that Pascal calls it heart. There are realms of thought yet open for your explanation. Sincerely yours, Sam'l W. Pennypacker." I have reserved for the close of this talk An Ad- dress at the Dinner of the New England Society in 1891, entitled TJie Keystone and Plymouth Rocky a happy specimen of Judge Pennypacker's devotion to Pennsylvania, and a felicitous example of his skill in blending humor with history, and State pride with patriotism. I regard it, in many respects, as the best of his speeches. He had put into his pocket on leaving his house for the banquet a little book, compiled by Nathaniel Dwight and published at Hartford, Conn., in 1807, called "A System of the Geography of the World — By way of Question and Answer — Principally Designed for Children and Common Schools." He read the question: "What is the Character of the Penn- sylvanians?" and the Answer: "Pennsylvania is in- 40 habited by a great variety of people. * * * Many of the yeomanry, in some parts of this State, differ from the New Englanders, for the former are impatient of good government, order and regularity, and the latter are orderly, regular and loyal." With this thrust at his audience, he recalled a toast to which they had re- sponded with applause: "Benjamin Franklin — the dis- coverer of Philadelphia," and then declared: "In a certain sense I admit the fact which lies concealed in that witticism; and in that sense concede that Ben- jamin Franklin was *the discoverer of Philadelphia.' When the cumulative forces of civilization, which had been gathering for fifteen centuries, had made their way across the Atlantic, and, several centuries later, had extended beyond the Mississippi and reached the base of the Rocky Mountains — then the potato bug discovered the potato." He told how "in 1723 a young man of seventeen years walked from the Dela- ware, up Market Street to Fourth. * * * He saw the accumulated shipping at the wharves; he saw the store- houses and warehouses of a prosperous and growing community; and in the market house, which ran along the centre of the street, he saw the rich products which had come down from the farms of Lancaster and Chester Counties. It was a spectacle the like of which never before had met his gaze and — Benjamin Frank- hn 'discovered' Philadelphia." He pointed out that "in all her efforts to ameliorate the condition of the human race, and to advance the cause of literature and science, Pennsylvania has had the warm support 41 of the sons of New England. The American Phil- osophical Society, which was the first of our scientific institutions, has had, in that blessed land, many suc- cessors." The Law Department in the University of Pennsylvania, and the Medical Department had been followed by those at Harvard; the Resolutions of Philadelphia, against the landing of tea, had been adopted by Boston in precisely the same words, three weeks later; the principles of the Revolution as stated by John Dickinson in the Farmer's Letters had been accepted by John Adams and Samuel Adams : the Adop- tion of the Constitution of the United States by Penn- sylvania was followed by that of Massachusetts, two months later: the principles of religious liberty es- tablished by Penn were finally adopted by every ham- let and township from Maine to Connecticut; the Antislavery principles, first announced in German- town, Philadelphia, in 1688, were taken up by Garri- son in Boston in 1831; and "When that great struggle against slavery resulted in war, the men of Pennsyl- vania who came to the rescue and first reached the Capital at Washington were soon followed by the men of Massachusetts. And in the battle of Gettysburg, where that wonderful soldier, George G. Meade, broke the back of the Rebellion, in the very acme of that crisis, when the fate of the Nation was involved in the issue and the advance of Pickett's Division hurled itself to destruction against the Philadelphia Brigade, that ever glorious Brigade stood more firmly because they knew the fact that the Rhode Island Battery of Brown, the 42 United States Battery of Gushing and the brave sons of Massachusetts, of the 19th and 20th regiments, supported them on every side." Well do I remember the cheers with which that speech was received. I have dealt with but few phases of the character of this many sided man — and I am painfully conscious of the inadequacy of my treatment. I lack the knowl- edge and I lack the time. It would require the pen of a Dibdin or a Hazlitt, and the science of the real anti- quarian book lover to do him justice; and even then I doubt whether in one individual, however gifted, the requisite qualifications would be found. Depth of knowledge is rarely associated with descriptive power. The old fashioned Dry-as-dust book seller, whose lungs are filled with the pollen of withered books, whose hands are grimy with the impalpable powder of decayed bindings; whose eyes are bleared by de- ciphering illegible manuscripts, whose shop is choked with boxes of trash, and whose outlook upon life is bounded by priced catalogues or the excitement of auction sales could always derive instruction and en- couragement from this multifarious man of affairs, whose penetrating intellect sounded the centuries, whose mental grasp comprehended and classified the varied learning of the ages, whose real activities were those of a Commonwealth, whose pride and whose courage never snapped under strain, and whose serene faith in the good and the beautiful and the true exalted his life and made him armor-proof against calumny. 43 You, gentlemen of The Philobiblon Club, will miss his genial presence, his unvarying good temper, his hearty laugh, his spice of anecdote, his quickness of repartee, his zeal for learning, his sympathy with your aims, his stimulating manliness, his talk so full of mental oxygen. You will miss this man, whose fa- vorite aphorism was that of Alphonso the Wise: "Old books to read, old wood to burn, old wine to drink, old friends for company, all the rest are only baga- telles." 44 LIBRARY OF CONGRESS 014 209 458 7