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 The Death of GarfieU. 
 
15.3 
 
 A SERMON 
 
 DEATH OF GARFIELD 
 
 Rev. JAMES McLEOD 
 
 PREACHED IN THE 
 
 CENTRAL PRESBYTERIAN CHURCH, 
 
 BUFFALO, N. Y 
 
 September 2jtii, i88i. 
 
 BUFFALO: 
 
 PRINTING HOUSE OF MATTHEWS, NORTHRUP & CO. 
 
 Office of the "Buffialo Morning Express,^' 
 
 1881. 
 

 V ^^ 
 
 Columbia. Univ. Uh^ 
 
Buffalo, Sept. 26th, 18S1. 
 Rev. James McLeod : 
 
 Dear Sir, — The undersigned having li.stened to the very patriotic 
 and aisle address which you delivered yesterday on the death of President 
 Garfield, request a copy of the same for publication. 
 
 Yours truly, 
 EDWARD HOLMES, GEORGE W. TIFFT, 
 
 BRITAIN HOLMES, ROBERT DUNBAR, 
 
 A. S. CARPENTER, GEO. A. DUNBAR, 
 
 C. F. STERNBERG, E. C. WARNER, 
 
 M. L. CRITTENDEN, CHAS. E. SELKIRK, 
 
 C. J. CANDEE, PATRICK SMITH, 
 
 JOHN CRAIGIE, . WM. WILKESON, 
 
 JOHN DONALDSON;. • • . C. C. F." GAY, 
 
 T. B. SWEET. 
 
 Buffalo, N. Y., Sept. 27th, 1S81. 
 
 Genilemen : The address which you do me the honor to ask for 
 publication is not likely to win the approval of the professional politician, 
 or of the narrow partisan. But if it has won your approval, and if it 
 deserves to be called not only patriotic but Christian, I am satisfied. 
 
 The occasion which called it forth is at once so deplorable and so 
 
 noteworthy in the history of our country, that for that reason, rather than 
 
 because of any special merit in the address itself, I cheerfully comply with 
 
 your request. 
 
 Faithfully yours, 
 
 TAMES McLEOD. 
 
THE DEATH OF GARFIELD. 
 
 And Samuel died ; and all the Israelites were gathered together and 
 lamented him, and buried him in his house at Ramah. — I Samuel, xxv.: i. 
 
 Our Nation is to-day in tears. She has clothed herself 
 in a robe of sorrow, and, like a fond mother, she weeps 
 over the loss of her noble son. The awful tragedy begun 
 at Washington has ended at Elberon. The dark cloud 
 which enveloped the Nation on the second of July, instead 
 of being dissipated in accordance with our hopes and 
 prayers, grew darker and darker, until at last it settled 
 down into the black night of September 19th. 
 
 The whole world now knows that Garfield is dead. 
 
 To-morrow a great host will gather together in Cleve- 
 land to join in the funeral march, and there in the city he 
 loved so well, and which is so near his own house, they 
 will with sad hearts and tender hands bury our dead out 
 of our sight. 
 
 The attitude of Israel towards its dead Priest is the 
 attitude of America towards its dead President. As all 
 Israel lamented the death of Samuel, so all America 
 laments the death of Garfield. 
 
 There is something very touching and very tender 
 about the early life of Samuel. Every child loves to 
 read it. He grew up to be a favorite with both God and 
 
man. He became the Nation's Priest and Prophet, its 
 wise Counselor, and its upright Judge. He was a noble 
 patriot and always eager to do what he could for the 
 welfare of his country. He kept his hands clean and his 
 heart pure. He was so loyal to God, and so true to his 
 trust, that no bribe however great, and no temptation 
 however strong, could swerve him from the path of duty. 
 Was it because he possessed such noble qualities that his 
 death was so greatly lamented ? Certain we are that if 
 these qualities had been absent the grief for him would 
 neither have been so profound nor so universal. We have 
 read the story of his life and we find that — in his pious 
 youth, in his vigorous manhood, and in his more public 
 career, as a patriot, a statesman, a judge, and a God-fear- 
 ing ruler of the people — he has left behind him so bright 
 an example that its lustre has not been dimmed by the 
 lapse of three thousand years. Samuel left behind him 
 something that the world will not willingly let die, and 
 God has taken care that the record of his noble life shall 
 never be blotted out. Knowing what we do of Samuel's 
 life we do not wonder that all Israel lamented him. 
 
 But Israel's grief for Samuel was only a small thing 
 compared with America's grief for Garfield. The land 
 of Canaan was not as large as the State of New Jersey. 
 We have no idea that the Philistines and Moabites and 
 other tribes joined in any expression of sorrow on ac- 
 count of the death of Samuel. But in the case of Garfield 
 not only his own Nation but the whole civilized world 
 bewails his untimely end. Such a wide-spread manifes- 
 tation of grief has no parallel in history. 
 
There must be some good reasoi for this. 
 
 It is no new thing, indeed, in the world's histoiy for a 
 Nation to mourn its mighty dead, or to be bowed down 
 with sorrow in the presence of some great calamity. 
 
 That has often happened. 
 
 But when until now, and where but in our own land, 
 have the sufferings and death of a single man moved 
 the whole world to tears ? This great honor was re- 
 served for Garfield and for this Nation. 
 
 When the Czar of Russia, and the Patriarch of Con- 
 stantinople, and the Pope of Rome, and the President of 
 France, and the Emperer of Germany, all sent messages 
 expressing their sympathy with our President and with 
 our people, and when they all joined in the prayer that 
 God might spare the life of our illustrious sufferer, we 
 read the news, and wondered. When Princes and Poten- 
 tates, when the good and great in every land, expressed 
 their abhorrence of the foul crime that had been com- 
 mitted against this Republic, and when they fervently 
 prayed that our President might live, we rejoiced, amid our 
 sorrow, for the kindly interest they manifested toward us. 
 And when, with an expression of womanly grace and 
 Christian tenderness that has never been surpassed, 
 England's noble Queen whispered her words of Christian 
 love and sympathy into the ear of our dying President, 
 the Nation bent forward and listened, and when she 
 heard the royal and loving words, she could not restrain 
 herself, but amid her great grief she lifted up her voice 
 and from the depths of her great heart she said, God bless 
 Queen Victoria ! The Queen of England and her great 
 
and good Prime Minister, Mr. Gladstone, have endeared 
 themselves to us in the hours of our great sorrow in a 
 way never to be forgotten. 
 
 Many a strong man wept as he read Victoria's tender 
 message to Mrs. Garfield, and Mrs. Garfield's touching 
 reply to Victoria. They came and went from the heart 
 to the heart. They were words fitly spoken, and are 
 more lovely in our eyes than apples of gold in pictures 
 of silver. 
 
 And may we not say just here that these two noble 
 Christian women truly represent the feeling towards each 
 other of these two great Nations ? 
 
 The bonds which bind England and America so 
 closely together are stronger by far than those of trade and 
 commerce. They are not woven in the loom of selfish- 
 ness, nor are they manufactured by Parliament or Con- 
 gress. No. These bonds are bonds of kinship, of friend- 
 ship, of love. They are the result not only of an 
 enlightened civilization, but of a common Christianity. 
 May they so remain for evermore. 
 
 But was it Garfield's character, or his heroic struggle 
 for life, or the admirable conduct of his wife -and family, 
 or was it the fact that he was our President, and that in 
 striking him down a great calamity has befallen the 
 Nation ; to which of these causes are we to attribute the 
 wide-spread sympathy that has been evoked ? 
 // is to be attributed to all these causes combined. 
 I need not rehearse the story of his life. It is familiar 
 to you all. His early years are in their way as full of 
 interest as the young life of Samuel. He grew to be a 
 
favorite with God and men. He had to struggle hard 
 with poverty, but his noble spirit buoyed him up. He 
 was early thrown upon his own resources and so brought 
 into contact with a wicked world ; but the good seed sown 
 in his heart by a pious mother had taken deep root, and 
 he always maintained his integrity. His filial affection 
 was a marked characteristic until his dying day. He 
 learned to master himself, and hence he readily overcame 
 obstacles which to others would have proved invincible. 
 He loved his home, and those who knew him best loved 
 him most. He won the favor of the good because of his 
 large warm heart, and because of his personal worth. 
 
 The story has been told a thousand times, and it will be 
 told to the generations following, how the lad, who was 
 so enamored with a sea-fearing life, became a Canal boy, 
 how the Canal boy became the Student, and the Student 
 the Teacher, and the Teacher the Jurist, and the Jurist the 
 Warrior, and the Warrior the Statesman, and the Statesman 
 the President ! He will be held up before the youth of 
 this land as a bright example, with the hope that by it 
 they may be inspired with a loftier purpose and urged to 
 nobler action. The fathers of this nation will hold up for 
 their sons' emulation the man who began life under such 
 adverse circumstances, but who, by his energy and per- 
 severance, by his integrity and ability, rose from the low- 
 est step on the ladder of honor and fame, until at last he 
 reached its topmost round, and how standing there in the 
 full strength of his manhood, he became 
 
 " The pillar of a people's hope, 
 The centre of a world's desire." 
 
lO 
 
 9 
 
 This is the story briefly told. 
 
 He was a great and good man, who, as the chosen 
 leader of fifty miUions of freemen, occupied, as we beheve, 
 a position more honorable than that of any King or 
 Conqueror who ever lived. To be stricken down just 
 then by a murderous hand is surely enough to excite the 
 sympathy of the world. And when we add to this his 
 patient endurance under great suffering, his tender 
 thoughtfulness of others, the entire absence of anything 
 like a spirit of revenge, and, above all, his Christian 
 resignation, we have, I think, the secret of this universal 
 lamentation. 
 
 But it would be a great mistake to suppose that the 
 grief of this Nation over this dreadful calamity is all 
 moulded after the same pattern and all traceable to the 
 same motive. Far from it. All Israel lamented Samuel, 
 and all America laments Garfield. That is quite true. 
 But there were those in Lsrael who were more attached 
 to Saul than they were to Samuel. They wanted a 
 change. They thought the administration of Samuel 
 was a failure. It could not be expected that their grief 
 would be quite the same as that of those whose feelings 
 toward Samuel were very different. And even so it is in 
 our own land to-day. There is a great abundance of 
 grief It is truly national. But it arises from widely 
 different causes. 
 
 The grief of his own immediate family must differ both 
 in kind and degree from that of all others. That aged 
 mother who nursed him in his infancy, who struggled with 
 him against hardships and poverty, on whose brow he im- 
 
II 
 
 printed the kiss of affection in the presence of an admir- 
 ing Nation that had called him to be its Chief Magistrate ; 
 that mother grieves to-day as only a loving mother can. 
 Her grief is unutterable. 
 
 And who can fathom the depth or measure the in- 
 tensity of the grief of that devoted wife, who has been the 
 sharer of her husband's joys and sorrows, and on whose 
 strong arm she was wont to lean ? By her devotion and 
 love, and by the manner in which she has borne herself 
 during the trying ordeal through which she has passed, 
 she has, like her husband, won the admiration and sym- 
 pathy of the world ; but yet there is in her heart to-day 
 an aching void the world can never fill ! And how sad 
 must be the hearts of those children who have been left 
 fatherless. Theirs is a peculiar sorrow. It is intensified 
 not only because of the cruel wrong inflicted upon their 
 father, but also because of the fact that he occupied so 
 exalted a station. 
 
 But the great grief of his family is doubtless tempered, 
 as indeed it should be, by the thought that no son, no 
 husband, no father that ever lived, has had so great 
 honors heaped upon him both in his life and death as 
 those which have fallen to the lot of James Abram 
 Garfield. This Nation has not, and it will not, forget that 
 weeping widow and her children, nor that aged mother. 
 But, better still, we believe they will be sustained and 
 comforted by the God of the widow and the fatherless. 
 Already, I doubt not, they have found Him to be their 
 Refuge and Strength, and a very present Help in their 
 trouble. The mother, and wife, and children, can surely 
 
12 
 
 trust that blessed Saviour in whom their beloved one has 
 fallen asleep, and, leaning upon Him, they can afford to 
 watch and wait for the dawning of a brighter day. 
 
 But aside from his own immediate family and relatives, 
 there is a great multitude who mourn the death of 
 Garfield. 
 
 Let me try to classify them. 
 
 I. And first let me speak of those whom we may call, 
 not improperly, political mourners. They constitute a 
 large class. Their grief is deep and their sorrow sincere. 
 But it does not all come from the same source nor run 
 in the same channel. These mourners may be divided 
 into at least three bands. 
 
 I. There are those who mourn for Garfield, because 
 they are afraid that they will now lose their office. This 
 feeling stimulated them to pray mightily that his life 
 might be spared. The motive to prayer was in their case 
 largely tinged with selfishness. They prayed that Gar- 
 field might live, because they did not see how they could 
 provide for their families if, as they were led to expect, 
 they should be turned out of the service of the Govern- 
 ment. 
 
 " 'Tis true, and pity 'tis 'tis true." 
 
 If the murder, the struggle for life, and the death of 
 our President have drawn not only the eyes and heart of 
 the world to this country as never before, let us hope it 
 may have a more important effect, namely : that it may lead 
 this Nation to look at itself, and to gaze with horror on 
 the spoils system in connection with our politics, that foul 
 
13 
 
 blot which has so stained our National escutcheon. God 
 grant that this Nation which now weeps over its mur- 
 dered President may wipe this stain out with its tears lest 
 it be necessary by and by to wash it out in another 
 President's blood ! It is high time that the citizens of this 
 Nation, irrespective of party, should strangle this young 
 monster and hand it over to the Sadducees who say there 
 is no resurrection. 
 
 2. Another class of political mourners is found among 
 those who are deeply grieved because of tJic uiamiey of 
 our President's death. If he had died of disease, or by 
 accident, or a natural death, their hearts would not have 
 been greatly afflicted. They might appear to mourn, but 
 inwardly there would be gladness rather than grief. The 
 charge is a serious one, I know, but then it is the exact 
 truth. They had no love for Garfield. They regarded 
 him as their enemy and as the enemy of their party. They 
 looked upon him as the very embodiment of treachery ; 
 and, having the courage of their convictions, they did not 
 hesitate to " speak evil of dignities." They paraded our 
 Chief Magistrate before the world as untrue to his word, 
 and as unfaithful to his trust, and alas ! they gloried in 
 their shame. We surely do no sort of injustice to these 
 fellow citizens when we say that their present grief finds 
 its source in something very different from that of those 
 who have always regarded Garfield as true and honorable, 
 and who stood by him in the proper exercise of his high 
 prerogative. It is true, indeed, that the lips of these 
 mourners and the newspapers controlled by them now 
 overflow with eulogies of the mighty dead, and it is to 
 
14 
 
 be sincerely hoped that all this finds a glad response in 
 their hearts. I believe in sudden conversions; but 
 modesty in a young convert is always highly becoming. 
 Let us, however, hope for the best. We are glad that for 
 any reason they mourn the loss of the noble man whom 
 so recently they tried to kill — politically. They will 
 pardon a word of counsel, perhaps. Let them remember 
 that the time came in Israel's history when Samuel was 
 needed. His clear head and steady hand were missed at 
 the helm. Saul himself felt the need of Samuel's wise 
 counsel. He adopted a shameful course in order to 
 obtain it. It should have been otherwise. Saul brought 
 ruin upon both himself and Israel. The people were 
 loyal to him, but he was not loyal to the people, nor to 
 his God. He grievously departed from the path marked 
 out for him by Samuel, although he solemnly engaged 
 to walk therein. 
 
 God forbid that this old history should ever be repeated 
 in our beloved land 1 It need not be, and, if wise coun- 
 sels prevail, it shall not be. 
 
 3. Another class of political mourners is found in the 
 ranks of the great party which was politically opposed 
 to Garfield. Their grief seems to be tempered with an 
 exquisite feeling of tenderness. They do not seem to 
 feel now as they did a few months ago during the heat 
 of our Presidential campaign. Those, however, who 
 still believe that the charges then made are true, cannot 
 grieve in the same way as do those who regard them as 
 wholly false. Garfield did not change his views of his 
 opponents so far as we know. They, however, seem to 
 have changed their views of him. If he was guilty of 
 
15 
 
 the crimes then charged against him, he does not deserve 
 the praise now showered upon him. 
 
 What kind of grief they have I know not, who be- 
 heving in their hearts that a man is base and dishonest 
 yet laud him to the skies. 
 
 Would it not be well at this time, and especially in 
 view of this conspicuous example, for those — and they 
 are to be found in both of the great parties of this 
 Nation — whose chief stock in trade seems to be the 
 invention of coarse and cruel slanders against political 
 opponents, to resolve that henceforth they will place 
 principle, honor, and truth far above party, and that they 
 will treat an opponent with common fairness? Garfield 
 was by no means perfect. Nobody would be more 
 willing to admit that than he. But that he was an honest 
 and truthful man we may confidently affirm. That he 
 was the base character his opponents a few months ago 
 represented him to be does not comport well with the 
 elaborate eulogies they now pour out over his remains. 
 A few such words uttered before he was murdered would 
 have been more in harmony with their present adulation, 
 as well as with their strong expressions of grief 
 
 II. But, aside from these, there are in this Nation a 
 great multitude of patriotic moiirtiers to-day. Alas ! that 
 politics and patriotism are not always synonymous, 
 Happy would it be for this country if such were the case. 
 But it is not. Still, there are millions of true patriots 
 who lament our dead President not simply because of his 
 personal worth, but just because he was our President. 
 These patriots are to be found all over our land ; North 
 
and South, East and West. They are fearful as to where- 
 unto this thing may grow. They love this country as 
 they love the apple of their eye; and just because of this 
 love they are now sick at heart. They see, or think they 
 see, in our land a spirit of lawlessness and of insubordi- 
 nation, a partisan spirit, and a greed for office, which, 
 unless wisdom prevails, and a merciful God interpose, 
 cannot but bring upon us swift destruction. This is the 
 thought that fills their hearts with deepest sorrow. Gar- 
 field sinks out of sight compared with this. They are 
 thinking now of that horrid thing that has led, as they 
 believe, to the assassination of Garfield. They know that 
 he was a true patriot ; that his great ambition was to 
 remedy existing evils; to be the President in fact as well 
 as in name of the whole Nation. Why should any party 
 or any citizen in whose veins there is the least drop of 
 patriotic blood seek to encompass both the moral 
 and political ruin of such a man as Garfield ? In the 
 sight of high heaven those who tried to ruin his reputa- 
 tion, and who denounced him for what they were pleased 
 to call his perfidy, are only a little less guilty than is the 
 miserable wretch who took away his life ! 
 
 But is not such a view of things both very severe 
 and very gloomy ? Is this quite patriotic ? There are 
 patriots and patriots. True enough. Some patriots are, 
 I know, afflicted with a pessimistic spirit. They see 
 things with a jaundiced eye. Everything is wrong. Our 
 country is going to ruin. But, on the other hand, there 
 is a class of patriots who seem to be influenced by an 
 unwarranted optimism. This country has been so 
 
17 
 
 prosperous, and has crowned itself with such glory during 
 its short history, that they do not dream of any danger. 
 They see no danger to the countr)- from the spread of 
 infidelity, nor from intemperance, nor from Sabbath 
 desecration, nor from the spoils system in connection 
 with our politics, nor from a wide-spread disregard of law 
 and order. Even the assassination of our Chief Magistrate 
 is scarcely sufficient to arouse their dormant sensibilities. 
 " A madman shot our President," so they say, and the 
 only lesson we are to learn from that fact is, that madmen 
 ought to be confined in an Asylum, or that our Presidents 
 ought to keep out of the way of madmen. Now, that 
 is political optimism run mad. No intelligent and 
 patriotic citizen can close his eyes to the fact that great 
 evils have been tolerated in our land ; evils, too, Avhich 
 threaten the foundations of our government. Surely an 
 autocratic spirit is out of all harmony with this Republic. 
 The spirit that is determined to rule or ruin is abroad in 
 the land, and it must be put down, let it cost what it 
 may. There are political sorcerers among us who 
 are more dangerous by far than that Elymas of whom , 
 we read in Holy Scripture. Like him, they are full 
 of all subtilty and all mischief, children of the devil, 
 enemies of all righteousness, who will not cease to 
 jpervert the right ways of the Lord, until the people rise 
 up against them in their might. The people can and 
 must do this. It will hurt these sorcerers. It will leave 
 them in the dark for a season. But it will convince them 
 that there is a God in Israel, and it may lead by and by 
 to their conversion. 
 
A genuine patriotism will seek to eradicate evil as well 
 as to propagate good. There is much in this land — more 
 than in any other land — over which we may well rejoice. 
 We thank God for this goodly heritage. But there is 
 also much to sadden all our hearts. The shot that killed 
 our President was a shot at the heart of the Nation, and 
 hence there are millions of patriots who are mourning his 
 loss to-day. 
 
 III. But there is still another class of mourners to 
 whom we may briefly refer before we close. They 
 are the Christian inoiirners, and they constitute a mighty 
 host. Their grief differs widely from that of the mere 
 politician or patriot. We are glad to know that the 
 Christian Church embraces within her fold the purest 
 patriots and the ablest statesmen. They are all the better 
 patriots and statesmen just because they are Christians. 
 But if the politician or the patriot be not a Christian, then 
 his grief to-day is far from Christian sorrow. While the 
 Christian laments the death of Garfield no less than any 
 , patriot in the land — for all Christians are patriots — 
 yet his grief as a Christian is tempered by the blessed 
 truths of our holy religion. 
 
 The Christian Church of America has not been a silent 
 or uninterested spectator of what, in some respects, has been 
 the greatest event that has ever happened in our country's 
 history. She has for weeks been praying and weeping 
 before God, beseeching Him to spare our President. It 
 has been a bad time for infidel lecturers to go through the 
 land declaring that Christianity is a sham, and prayer to 
 
19 
 
 God a mockery, and our holiest instincts a lie. But still 
 
 the prayers of this Christian Nation, and of the whole 
 
 Christian world, have been denied. The life of Garfield 
 
 was not spared. What then ? Is prayer to God a failure ? 
 
 By no means. The heaven-born instinct that prostrated 
 
 an afflicted nation before God will do so, if need be, again 
 
 and again. The Church of God will continue to pray 
 
 with the utmost confidence. She knows that God is the 
 
 hearer of prayer, and that if our pra\^er be not answered 
 
 in our way, it is yet answered in His way, and His way 
 
 is always the best. The skeptic may sneer at prayer as 
 
 being unreasonable and illogical, but the Christian knows 
 
 that 
 
 " Deft Logic is but Reason's tool, 
 
 Reason a child in Nature's school ; 
 
 We may not joy nor grieve by rule, 
 
 Nor syllogize a prayer." 
 
 And so Christians will go on and pray. They cannot 
 help it. They prayed that Garfield might live, and now 
 they lament his death. But they sorrow not as others 
 who have no hope. For if we believe that Jesus died 
 and rose again, even so them, also, that sleep in Jesus 
 will God bring with Him. 
 
 Our President was a Christian. He was inspired 
 with Christian hope. He was actuated by Christian 
 principle. This is better than all else. It is this more 
 than anything else that moderates the Christian's grief 
 to-day. He died, as we believe, clinging to the Cross of 
 Christ. In this hope the Church of God will to-morrow 
 take in her holy arms all that is mortal of him and lay 
 them tenderly away. As for his noble spirit, that has 
 
20 
 
 gone into the presence of its God, and to the full 
 enjoyment of a blessed immortalit>\ 
 
 We mourn our beloved dead, but in the midst of our 
 grief we also rejoice. He was cruelly stricken down. 
 But the Nation's loss, and our loss, and his family's loss, 
 is his everlasting gain. For 
 
 " When the righteous had fallen and the combat was ended 
 A chariot of fire through the dark cloud descended; 
 Its drivers were angels on horses of whiteness, 
 And its burning wheels turned on axles of brightness. 
 
 A .Seraph unfolded its doors bright and shining, 
 All dazzling like gold of the seventh refining, 
 And the Soul that came forth out of great tribulation 
 Has mounted the chariot and steeds of salvation. 
 
 On an arch of the rainbow the chariot is gliding, 
 Through the path of the thunder the horsemen are riding ; 
 Glide swiftly, bright spirit I the prize is before you — 
 A crown never fading, a kingdom of glory." 
 
 Only a word more. 
 
 We lament the dead Garfield. But, thank God ! we 
 hav^e the living Arthur. 
 
 We feel sure that every patriotic and Christian heart in 
 this broad land bounded with joy when President Arthur 
 uttered those noble words in which he expressed his 
 determination to carry out the reforms inaugurated by 
 his predecessor. In doing this, he may rest assured that 
 he will be lo}'ally supported by the people, and our 
 prayer is that he may be spared to carr}^ out his good 
 resolution. 
 
 The President is dead, but the President still lives. 
 God save the President ! God save the Nation ! 
 
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