X ^-^ >}5 -n^ o\ '^^^f %^%. ,A''' 5 0^ .0^ o 0^ ,x^- .^ 0" . >•' \.''f c ^-^' A filf'^ /• ■% 1 O ■J' ,^v ^^3%.^ ■\^' '\ •:' ■ ',V'-J \fJ' J ^1 3' V o 0^ O 0' ^>' .^^' -'v. o 0^ -S-. x^^ -Js^ 'v ■-.. .^^^ o 0' .^^' ■^^'' % .^ <\ xV "■^ ^ ' vV ..^ '"< 'o- -0' lO- %^^ ^ .'\ L^ -r.. vO C' '\^ .V* ^ - -fC ,^'' *"^^r'..^^ ■*^ -V' %■ .>,^- -V , V "^ v^ / 1, '' x^ °^. I 1 '. ^ 0> s^ '/, c ^^ ■"c^ ^ ."?-^ ,^'' -^. ■N^^" -^^^ -.^5 C^ Entebed according to Act of Congress, in the year 1861, by GEORGE WINGATE CHASE, in the Clerk's Office of the District Court of the District of Massachusetts. STONE 4 HUSE, BOOK PRINTERS, 21 Central St., Lowell, Mass. I'REF^CE. The earnest and frequent demand for a new History of Haverhill^ induced the compiler of tlie following pages to enter upon the task of its preparation, and in February, (12th) 1859, public notice to that effect was given through the columns of the local press. The original design was to include the history of the town from its first settlement, in 1640, to January, 1860, in one octavo volume, of about five hundred pages; but twelve months of almost constant application to the work, revealed such a mass of valuable and interesting material, that a proposition was made to the town, at its annual March meeting, in 1860 — " To see if the town will make an appropriation toward the publication of a History of the town, and if so, how much, as requested by Geo. W. Chase." The proposition met with a most hearty approval, as may be seen from the following extract from the town records : — " It was unanimously voted, That the sum of five hundred dollars be appropriated and paid to Geo. W. Chase toward a publication of a History of this town, said money to be paid at times and in sums at -the discretion of the selectmen ; — provided, that not more than one hundred dollars shall be paid until five hundred pages of the proposed History is prWted ; and 'provided also, that the -price of the book, in good substantial binding, shall not exceed two dollars per copy." Encouraged by this generous aid, given, as it was, with entire unanimity, the work was pushed forward with all possible despatch ; and, early in the following December, the first pages went to press. Various causes have rendered the work of printing much more protracted than was eipected^ or could have been foreseen, but it is believed that the value of the book has been increased rather than diminished, through the corrections and numerous additions permitted by the delay. In the preparation of this History of his native town, the compiler has endeavored to collect his material from the most reliable sources, and, in nearly every case where practicable, has recorded the facts in the exact language in which they were found, or were received. It has been his endeavor that each and every "quotation" introduced may be safely relied upon as literally correct, believing that thereby not only will the reader's interest in no wise be diminished, but the historical value of the work will be greatly increased. In many instances, particularly during the earlier years of our history, minor incidents and matters are mentioned. This has been done cither to illustrate the manners, customs, &c., of the early inhabitants, or for the purpose of introducing the names of persons in town, rather than for any interest or value in the incidents themselves. The frequent introduction of lists of names, has, in many instances, been intended as an aid to those particularly interested in genealogy, rather than as items of interest to the general reader. In a work like the present, where so much dependence is of necessity placed upon traditions, — often vague and indistinct, or confused and conflicting, — and abounding in names, dates, and figures, it is hardly possible to avoid errors. It is hoped and believed, however, that the following pages will compare favorably in this respect with other similar works ; — more or less than this could not well b6 expected. As it was impossible to include within the limits of a single volume all that might be classed as local history, or of local interest ; and as the general history of the town, for the last half a century, is already comparatively well preserved by the local newspapers, as well as by living memories ; less space has been devoted to the latter period than might, perhaps, be considered as its just proportion. A desire to preserve the traditions and incidents fast receding from our sight in the dim twilight ■of the past, must plead onr excuse, if excuse be necessary, for this seeming partiality for matters relating to "ye olden time." In the preparation of this work, a large amount of valuable and interesting material has been gathered, which could not well be used. This will be carefully preserved, and every opportunity to add to the stock will be as carefully improved. Its ultimate disposal cannot now be indicated with any degree of certainty. To name the many who have directly or indirectly aided the compiler in his labors, would greatly exceed the space allowed for the present purpose. To one and all of them, we would return our hearty acknowledgments. We cannot, however, forbear to mention, specially, — ^ Hon. James H. Duncan, for his active exertions in securing the above mentioned appropriation by the town in our favor, and for his many other acts of kindness and liberality ; George Johnson, Esq., of Bradford, for his generous donation of fifty dollars for the same purpose; Benjamin Bradley, Esq., of Boston, for his proposal to bind one hundred copies of the book, gratuitously ; A. W. Thayer, Esq., of Northampton, John Bartlett, Esq., of Eoxbury, and Eev. Gr. W. K^lley, of this town, for special favors ; and Mr. Alfred Poor, of this town, (who has for several years devoted his whole time and attention to genealogy) for much valuable assistance. With the hope that the book, — to the preparation of which so many pleasant hours have been devoted, — will be kindly received, this History i^ HaverhiU is now submitted to the public. Mount Washington, Haverhill, ) r' w n Septmnber 1, 1861. j" tr. W. U LIST OE ILLUSTllATIONS. TiETV OP Haverhill in 1820 Frontispiece^ Map of Haverhill • 16 Fac-Simile of Indian Deed 46 Eesidence of Charles Corliss GO First Meeting-House 67 First Plan of the Town 104 Map of Haverhill and Adjacent Toavns 105 Second Meeting-House 177 Plan of Massachusetts Claim vs. N, H 287 " " New Hampshire Claim vs. Mass 292 " " Haverhill and Londonderry 290 Floating Islands 462 Portrait" of Piev, Henry Plummer 606 " " Hon. Bailey Bartlett 618 •' " " Israel Bartlett 620 ** •* " Samuel Blodqett 621 " " " James H. Duncan 628 " " Capt. Nehemiah Emerson •. 630 " " Dr. EuFua Longley 636 " " David Marsh, Esq., 638 " ♦' Hon. Leonard White 650 CONTENTS. Page. CHAPTER I. Early Voyages — Discovery of Massachusetts 17 CHAPTER II. History op Puritanism — The Pilgrims 23 CHAPTER III. Settlements in Massachusetts, from 1620 to 1640 27 CHAPTER IV. Aboriginal Inhabitants 30 CHAPTER V. Settlement of Haverhill, 1640 35 CHAPTER VI. Prom 1643 to 1649 55 CHAPTER VII. Erom 1650 to 1659 ." 70 CHAPTER VIII. Erom 1660 to 1669 91 CHAPTER IX. From 1670 to 1675 113 CHAPTER X. Indian Troubles— 1675 to 1678 123 CHAPTER XL Erom 1675 to 1688 130 CHAPTER XII. Indian Troubles — 1688 to 1695 148 CHAPTER XIII. Erom 1695 to 1700 179 CHAPTER XIV. Indian Troubles — 1700 to 1710 204 Till CHAPTER XV. From 1710 to 1722 234 CHAPTER XVI. Indian Troubles— 1713 to 1725 ■. 2G0 CHAPTER XVIL From 1720 TO 1728 265 CHAPTER XVIII. The Boundary Difficulties of 1720 to 1759 286 CHAPTER XIX. From 1729 to 1741 302 CHAPTER XX. From 1 742 to 1 765 320 CHAPTER XXI. The French War — 1756 to 1763 340 CHAPTER XXII. The Revolution — 1765 to 1783 362 CHAPTER XXIII. From 1765 to 1790 o • 426 CHAPTER XXIV. From 1790 to 1800 ^^^ CHAPTER XXV. From 1800 to 1815 ^71 CHAPTER XXVI. From 1815 to 1840 ^^^ CHAPTER XXVII. From 1840 to 1860 ^^3 CHAPTER XXVIII. Manupacturb of Shoes and Hats — Improvements 532 CHAPTER XXIX. Ecclesiastical History ^*' CHAPTER XXX. Biography and Genealogy "^^ CHAPTER XXXI. Miscellaneous INTKOIDUOTION. The town of Haverhill, Esses County, Massacliusetts, is situated on the northerly side of the Merrimack, — the fourth in size, hut perhaj^sthc most beautiful river in New England, — about eighteen miles from its mouth. The principal village is twenty -nine miles from Boston, twenty-two from Salem, fourteen from Xewburyport, eighteen from Lowell, ninfe from Lawrence, and thirty from Portsmouth, Is". H. The town is bounded on the north by Salem, Atkinson, and Plaistow, N. H. ; on the east by Ames- bury ; on the south by the Merrimack river ; and on the west by Methuen. The northern line of the town is also the boundary line between the States of Massachusetts and New Hampshire. The township, as originally pur- chased of the Indians, was fourteen miles in length, — six miles from the Little Eiver eastward, and eight miles from the same river westward, — and six miles in breadth. As first laid out by the General Court, in 1G67, it was nearly in the form of a triangle, extending upon the Merrimack about fifteen miles from Holt's Eocks westward, the northerly line running about the same distance due north-west from the above point, and the westerly line running due north and south. As thus laid out, the town included a large portion of the territory now forming the townships of Salem, Atkinson, Hampstead, and Plaistow, N. H., and Methuen, Mass. Since the running of the State line, in 1741, the bounds of the town have been the same as at present. The township is now about nine miles in length, and three miles in breadth, and contains fifteen thousand two hundred acres, divided nearly as^follows : acres of land annually tilled, excluding orchards tilled, one thousand and eighty-six ; acres of orcharding of all kinds of fruits, three hundred and fifty-one; acres of upland mowing, excluding orcharding mowed, three thousand two hundred and twenty-six ; acres of orcharding mowed, two hundred and eighty-nine ; acres of fresh meadow, five hundred and thirteen ; acres of pasture-land, excluding orcharding pastured, six thousand one hundred and forty-seven ; acres of meadow, exclusive of pasture land inclosed, two thoijsand three hundred and forty-nine ; acres of unimproved land, forty-three ; acres of land imimprovaWc, thirteen ; acres of land used for roads, five hundred and twenty-eight ; acres of land covered with water, one thousand one hundred and seven. The soil is, generally, a rich friable loam, easily cultivated, and highly productive. But few towns can show so small a number of acres of unim- provable land, or of land of decidedly inferior equality. Many of the farms arc under a high state of cultivation, and will compare favorably with those of any other town in the Commonwealth. In an agricultural point of view, but few, if any, towns in the State, surpass this, either in regard to its capacity, or the developement of its i-esources. Besides the Merrimack, which is included in the town, and which forms the entire southern bound of the town, there are three smaller streams, viz : Little Eiver, East Meadow Paver, and Creek Brook. Little River, so called to distinguish it from the " Great Eiver," has its principal source in Plaistow, X. H., enters Haverhill a little east of the Atkinson line, and flows nearly south, to the Merrimack, emptying into the latter at the principal village, and one-fourth of a mile west of the Haverhill bridge. This stream has several tributaries, the principal one of which is known as Fishing Eiver, taking its rise from the north-western extremity of Kenoza Lake, and flowing at first northerly into Plaistow, then gradually bending to the south-west, and entering the Little Eiver about one and a half miles from its mouth. There are several mills upon Little river, the largest of which is the flannel mill, long known as " Hale's Factory," and located on Winter street, about one-fourth of a mile from the mouth of the river. Upon the opposite side of the stream at this place, there was, for nearly two hundred years, a saw-mill, and the stream was most commonly known as " Sawmill Eiver." The last mill of the kind was taken down about twenty years since. About midway between this poinfr and the Merrimack, and near the small island, there was for many years a grist- mill, which also ceased operations about twenty years since. There is also a grist-mill on the stream, near the State line, which has been known these many years as " Clark's mill." A mill has been constantly located at this place for at least one hundred and fifty years. Fishing River, — so named on account of the large quantities of ale- wives taken from it in former times, — is now used principally to conduct the surplus water of Kenoza Lake to the flannel factory, in the dry season. This privilege was gi-anted to Mr. Ezekiel Hale, jr., in 1835, who there- upon erected a flume at the outlet of the Lake, and deepened the bed of the stream, so that about six feet of water can now be easily drawn, as occasion may require. There was formerly, and for many years, a corn mill upon ttis stream, situated about half a mile from its mouth. The first mill of the kind at that place, was erected by William Starlin, who subsequently sold it to Thomas Duston, from whom it descended to his son, Timothy Duston. Jilast Meadoio River takes its rise in Newton, N. H., enters Haverhill about three-fourths of a mile east of Brandy Brow Hill, and flows nearly due south, to the Merrimack, emptying into the latter at " Cottle's Creek," — one mile below the Chain Ferry. There has long been a saw-mill and a grist-mill upon this stream, near the Amesbury line, known as "Peas- lee's Mills." The first mill at this place was erected by Joseph Peasly, in 1693, since which time the privilege has been almost, or quite, constantly in the possession of his descendants. There was formerly a saw-mill, grist- mill, and fulling-mill, about half a mile from the mouth of the stream. These were built by Anthony Chase (great-grandfather of the writer) , — the first in 1757, and the others a few years later, — and continued in operation for many years. There is also a grist-mill about one-fourth of a mile from the- Merrimack, — known as "Johnson's mill," — which was first built by Thomas Johnson, about 1790, or later. There was formerly a fulling-mill about one mile above the mills of Anthony Chase, which was erected by his son, John Chase, who carried on the business for many years. Creeli Brooh, which runs from Creek Pond nearly due south to the Merrimack, carries two mills. The first, which is located at the outlet of the pond, was long operated as a grist-mill, but has recently been trans- formed into a hat factory. The other, — known these many years as "Bradley's Mill," — is a grist mill, and is located about fifty rods from the Merrimack. There are four ponds in the town, three of them situated within a mile of the principal village, and within half a mile of each other. Plug Pond, — formerly called " Ayer's Pond," from the fact that several persons of that name settled near its western end, and owned a large part of the adjoining land, — is the smallest of the four, and is situated about half a mile from the Merrimack, in a north-easterly direction from the village. It covers an area of about seventy acres. At its northern, south- ern, and western extremities, particularly the latter, the bottom is mostly covered with mud, which will perhaps account for its moderate stock of fish, as well as for the greenish and unpleasant appearance of its water during the latter part of the summer. At its southern point a dam, or " plug," has long existed, through which its surplus water is drawn to supply the mills on the brook connecting it with the Merrimack. Upon Xll this stream, known as " Mill Brook," there is at the present time a plaster- mill, a grist-mill, a hark-mill, ami a hat factory, with a variety of other machinery attached. Near its mouth is also located a steam saw-mill. The first corn-mill in the town was erected upon this* stream, as was also the first tannery, and fulling-mill. In its passage from the pond to the river, the Avatcr of this brook can be used for mill purposes at least five times, though we believe that four times is the most ever yet required of it. Hound Pond is situated about one mile north of the Haverhill Bridge, and about half a mile north-westerly from Plug Pond. It covers an area of about eighty acres, and was formerly called "Belknap's Pond," and also " Little's Pond," from persons of that name who lived near it. With the exception of one small cove at its north-western extremity, the shores of this beautiful sheet of water are entirely free from mud, and show its bottom to be a clean gravel. There is not a single living stream, large or small, seeking outlet into the pond, but it is, with the exception of what water may be turned into it from the gently sloping hills surrounding it, entirely supplied by subterranean springs. From this pond, by means of an acqueduct, the central village is mostly supplied with pure, cold, soft water, for domestic purposes. The water in the pond is about one hundred and fifty feet above that of the Merrimack, and is well stocked with pickerel and perch. The natural outlet to the pond was to the south-west into the Little Piver, through which salmon, and other fish, passed up into the "pond, in the appropriate season, to deposit their spawn. The direction of this outlet was long ago artificially changed, — toward the Plug Pond, — so as to secure the surplus water for the mills upon Mill Brook. Within a few years, the Acqucduct Company have purchased the original mill privilege upon the latter stream, and the above outlet has been discontinued. Great Pond, or, as it has recently been re-named, "Kenoza Lake," is situated about one and a half miles from Haverhill Bridge, in a north- easterly direction, and about one-third of a mile east of Bound Pond. It covers an area of about three hundred acres, and is the largest sheet of water in the town. The water, which in some places is fifty feet in depth, is about one hundred and fifty feet above the bed of the Merrimack, and abounds with the finest pickerel, — hence the new name, "Kenoza," sig- nifying "pickerel." The only outlet from this miniature lake, is the Fishing lliver, already mentioned, through which large numbers of salmon and alcwivcs formerly passed into the pond. White perch, of the finest flavor, once inhabited the waters of this pond, but have now nearly disap- XlU peared. The woods "bordering the pond were long the retreat of various kinds of game, and the favorite hunting ground of sportsmen. The heau- tiful point of land near the north-eastern extremity of this pond, has long been a popular place of resort for parties of pleasure. Since 1807, the inhabitants of the town have, by purchase, enjoyed the unrestricted right to occupy the grounds for that purpose. Creeh Pond is situated in the West Parish, about three miles north- west from the principal village, and covers an area of about two hundred and fifty acres. The shores, which are quite irregular, exhibit some really beautiful scenery, and there are many fine farms in the neighborhood. The waters of the pond are remarkably clear and transparent, and the bottom is for the most part even and sandy. The pond has long been a favorite resort for those who delight to style themselves disciples of Izaak "Walton. The outlet to the pond was formerly one of the most productive of our alewive fisheries, and was one of the last that ceased to be profitable. There are several prominent hills in the town, but none which can be dignified with the title of mountains. Among them may be named Golden Hill, Silver Hill, Turkey Hill, Brandy Brow Hill, and the Great Hill. The hills are all of gentle ascent, and capable of profitable and easy culti- vation to their summits. There are no chains of hills in the town, the eminences being, in nearly every case, detached, aff"ording from their summits the view of an unob- structed and complete circle of charming landscape. There are no craggy peaks, or barren ledges, but the view from valley and hill-top can hardly be surpassed for its quiet, unpretending loveliness. Golden Hill, which rises upward of three hundred and twenty-five feet above the river, is situated about one mile east of Haverhill bridge, and its base is about twenty rods from the Merrimack. The prospect from its brow is extensive and picturesque. The beautiful island, — long known as Clement's Island, — with its fringe of delicately variegated foliage, and its smooth, green carpet ; the quiet, rural villages of Grove- land, and Bradford, with their snow-white cottages, and well cultivated meadows ; and the more extensive village of Haverhill, with its long line of substantial manufactories ; are in full view, and, with their rural environments, combine to form a picture of extraordinary beauty. This hill was originally called "Golding's Hill," from a person of that name who owned, or lived near it. Silver mil, or " Silver's Hill," — so called from a former owner — is situated about three-fourths of a mile west of Haverhill bridge, and is XIV also plainly seen from the central village. It rises gradually from the Merrimack, which flows past its southern base, to the height of about three hundred feet. The view from its summit is exceedingly beautiful. Before us, and almost at our very feet, lies the pleasant village of Haverhill, with its twelve hundred dwelling houses, its one hundred shoe manufactories, and its eleven churches. Its natural situation is uncommonly fine. Built upon a gentle acclivity, the houses rise one above anotlier in such regular order that nearly every one can be counted. The Merrimack, dotted here and there with a variety of craft, from the light and trembling skiff to the heavy gondola, — and the still more imposing and majestic moving ocean craft with their broad white sails, and tall masts overshadowing the water, — and spanned with its bridges, flows calmly at its base, not in one straight, monotonous course, but with a gentle meandering, of which the eye can never tire. Accross the river are seen the smoothly rounded hills, the green and fertile fields, and the pleasant villages of Bradford and Groveland. To the south rises the hills of Andover, with their wooded slopes dotted here and there with neat white farm-houses. A little to the west, the tall spires, just peeping above the hills, point out the where- abouts of the city which sprang into existence almost like Jonah's gourd, — the city of Lawrence. A little further still to the west, and the same signs indicate the spot long ago settled by the hardy sons of Haverhill, — the village of Methuen. In the dim distance beyond, enveloped in its misty blue, can be traced the outline of Mount "Wachusett. Still further toward the west, — as if it were not well the eye should roam too far, — the " Scotland " and "West Meadow" hills shut out the more distant view beyond ; — but not until we have caught sight of the tall peaks of the Grand Monadnock. Sweeping toward the north, we have a view of the thrifty farms of the AVest Parish, with the granite hills of New Hampshire in the background. To the north, the eye rests upon a fine succession of green fields and wooded slopes, marking a section of the town which suffered the most severely from the atrocities of the murderous savages. There the brave and resolute Hannah Bradley was twice taken captive ; there the lion-hearted Hannah Duston was captured, but not conquered, — and there stands her monument; there the heroic Thomas Duston defied the murderous tomahawk to harm the humblest of his little flock. There, too, upon that .gentle slope, the brave Captain Ayer, and his little band, boldly attacked the retreating foe, iipon the memorable 29th of August, 1708. From this summit might have been heard the war whoop, and have been seen the gleaming tomahawk, in nearly every attack made upon the inhabitants of Haverhill by the savages. The XV valley of the Little Kiver, (or Indian River, as it was also once called) of -whicli tlie section just mentioned forms a part, is here seen in all its beauty, as it stretches with its charming succession of hill, and* dale, and meadow, from the Merrimack far back among the granite hills of our sister State. This view alone is well worth a visit to the broad summit of "Silver Hill. Turkey Hill, or, rather, the "Turkey Hills," is the irregular group of hills, near, and north of, the East Parish meeting-house. From the south- eastern brow of the principal hill, a fine view is had of the valley of the Merrimack, for several miles. From the summit of JoVs Hill, which is situated a short distance directly north of the Turkey Hills, a charming view of the East Meadow river and valley is obtained. These meadows were the most valuable, as well as most extensive in the town, and were highly prized by the early settlers. Brandy Brow Hill, — so named from the accidental breaking of a bottle of that traditional liquor upon its summit, — is a hill of moderate elevation in the extreme northern part of the town. Upon the brow of this hill is a large rock, which stands at the corner of four towns, — Haverhill, Plaistow, Amesbury and Newton. The vicinity of this hill was long noted for the abundance and excellence of its pine timber. Great Hill is the name applied to the highest elevation of laud in the town, and is situated one mile north of Kenoza Lake. This hill, which rises three hundred and thirty-nine feet above the level of the ocean, and is the second highest land in Essex County, is the most prominent of a group of hills, which, as seen from the west and north, appear quite near each other, and were early known as The Great Hills. The view from the summit of this hill is the most extensive and interesting of the many similar views to be obtained in the town. Portions of more than twenty towns in Massachusetts, and nearly or quite as many in New Hampshire, are easily distinguished by the naked eye. To the east stretches the broad Atlantic, whose deep blue waters, dotted with the white wings of com- merce, are plainly seen, from the G-reat Boar's Head to Cape Ann. Near its edge, and partially hidden from our sight by Pipe Stave Hill, in New- bury, are seen the spires, and many of the houses of the city of Newbury- port. To the right, the eye can distinctly trace the outline of Cape Ann, from Castle Neck to Halibut Point. "With the aid of a glass, several villages upon the Cape are made visible. As we sweep around from east to south, nearly all the most prominent hills in "Essex North" can be distinctly seen, and easily identified. To the south and south-west, por- tions of the villages of Groveland, Bradford, Haverhill, North Andover, XVI Andover, and Methuen, and the city of Lawrence, can be seen, peeping above the intervening hills. To the south-west, the "Wachusett ; to the west, the Monadnock ; and to the north, the Decrfield mountains, are easily distinguished. To the north-west, the village of Atkinson, with its cele- brated Academy, is spread out in bold relief To the north-east, is seen the top of Powow Hill, in Salisbury — so named from its having been the place selected by the Indians for their great "pow-wows," long before a white man gazed upon the waters of the Merrimack from its summit. Turning again to the south, we notice, almost at our feet, the beautiful Lake Kcnoza, glistening in the sun~iik6 a diamond encompassed by emer- alds. Once viewed, the memory of this lovely landscape scene will never be effaced, — " the faithful sight Engraves the image, with a beam of light." I«^ HISTORY OF HAVERHILL. CHAPTER I. EARLY VOYAGES. DISCOVERY OF MASSACHUSETTS. Though the Western Continent bears the name of a later voyager, the honor of its discovery has been generally conceded to Christopher Colum- bus. But, from the evidence published by the Northern Antiquarian Society, at Copenhagen, in 1837, and which seems entitled to confidence, it would appear that the Western World was discovered by the Northmen, several centuries before the time of Columbus. About the year 986, one Biorne, or Biarne, a Norwegian, in sailing from Iceland to Greenland, lost his reckoning in dense fogs. When the weather became clear, he found himself sailing northeasterly, with low and wooded land on his left. Continuing the same course nine days, he arrived at Greenland, reaching it in an opposite direction from that in which he commenced his voyage. Fourteen years afterwards, Leif, with a single vessel and thirty-five men, sailed from Greenland in quest of the land discovered by Biorne. He found it and named it Helluland. Proceeding southwardly, he came to a land well wooded and level, which he called Marldand. Thence sail- ing northeasterly two days, he reached an island, where he lauded, built huts, and wintered. Having found grapes in its woods, he named it Vin- land, or Wineland. On his return to Greenland, Leif gave over his vessel to his brother Thorwald, who sailed in 1003, to explore the new country. He win- tered at Yinland, and the next summer found several uninhabited islands. After another winter, he sailed to the eastward and then to the north, where he was killed by the natives. After passing a third winter at Vinland, his companions returned to Greenland, In 1007, Thorfiun, with three vessels and a hundred and sixty men, 18 HISTORY OF IIAVKRHILL. sailed from Greenland to Vinland to found a colony. He touched at Hell- ulaud and ^Marldand, and, steering south, came to a bay extending into the country, with an island at its entrance. Southwesterly from this Island, they entered a river and passed up into a lake upon whose banks wheat and vines grew wild. Here they found natives, of a sallow com- plexion, with large, ill-formed faces, and shaggy hair, who came about them in canoes. Several conflicts with the savages caused Thorfinn to give up his project of colonization and return to Greenland. There are also accounts of two more voyages to Vinland within the next three or four years, and it is claimed that communication between the two countries was not entirely discontinued before the middle of the fourteenth century. The name Helluland is supposed to have been given to what is now called Labrador, or to Newfoundland ; MarJdand to Nova Scotia, and Vinland to Khode Island and the southeastern part of Massachusetts. There are also traditions, with important corroberation, of a voyage in 1170, by Madoc, a Welshman ; of the Yenitian brothers Zeni, in 1390 ; of John Vas Cortereal, a Portugese, in 1463 ; and of Szkolney, a Pole, in 1476. The existence of this continent may possibly, therefore, have been known to the civilized world before the voyage of Columbus, in 1492 ; but by him conjecture and doubt were converted into certainty, and all illu- sions dispelled. The news of his discovery of a " New "World," and the glowing descriptions of its wealth, awakened the liveliest enthusiasm throughout Europe, and gave a fresh impulse to maratime adventure. In 1497, John and Scbastin Cabot sailed from England with three hundred men, in two ships, — touched at Iceland, — and, sailing west, came unexpectedly upon the coast of Labrador, or Newfoundland. After sail- ing along the coast as far south as Maine, and perhaps Massachusetts, they returned to England. These discoveries of the Cabots gave to Eng- land her claims to this part of North America ; but, for various reasons, only a few voyages were undertaken by the English for the next half century. In 1;")24, John Verazzano. a Florentine, in the service of France, sailed along the shore from the 34th to near the 50th degree of north latitude. He entered Hudson's River, sailed up Narragansett Bay, for fifteen days lay at anchor iu the harbor of what is now called Newport, whore his ves- sel was freely visited by the natives ; kept the coast of Maine in sight for fifty leagues, and visited as far north as Nova-Scotia. HISTORY OF HAVERHILL. 19 Before the voyage of Verazzano was known in Spain, Stephen Gomez had sailed for the new world. He made the coast of Newfoundland and sailed along the country southwardly, as far as the capes of the Delaware, passing through Long Island Sound. In 1535, Jaques Cartier sailed up the St. Lawrence, and, in 1540, he built a stockade on the hill at Quebec. Fifty years after the discovery of America by Columbus, no permanent settlements had been made in New England or to the north. The French had commenced a lucrative fur trade in Canada, and the cod fisheries of Labrador and Newfoundland were already extensive, (in 1577 they em- ployed nearly three hundred and fifty vessels) , but in all New England not a white family was settled — not a white child had been born, jBut, by the opening of the seventeenth century, the thirst for dis» covery was fully enkindled, and colonization efi'orts were more seriously entertained. In 1602, Bartholomew Gosnold sailed from Falmouth, in England, with thirty-two men in a small bark, and in forty-nine days made the coast of New Hampshire, or perhaps Maine. The next day, he discovered a " mighty headland," which, from the large quantity of cod-fish caught in the vicinity, he named " Cape Cod." Here he landed and explored the coast to the south. On a "rocky ilet," in the western part of what is now Cuttyhinh he resolved to make a settlement ; and, after three weeks' labor, a cellar was dug and house erected-- ; but scarcity of provisions and troubles with the Indians, induced him to abandon the idea of a setr tlement, and he sailed for England. Gosnold's favorable descriptions of the country were incentives to further enterprise, and the next year William Brown, with two vessels and forty-two men and boys, made land near the mouth of the Penobscot, and ranging the coast to the southwest, they passed the islands of Casco Bay, the Saco, Kennebunk, York and Piscataqua rivers, sailed by Cape Ann, crossed Massachusetts Bay, and, rounding Cape Cod, came to an- chor in what is now Edgarton or Oldtown harbor. In 1605, George Weymouth arrived on the coast near Cape Cod, and sail- ing northward about fifty leagues, anchored at Monhegan, or vicinity, where he remained several weeks trading with the natives and exploring the country. Before he left, he- kidnapped five of the natives, whom he hurried into bondage. About the same time, Poutrincourt, a Frenchman, ' The spot where Gosnold erected his house was identified by a party of Antiquarians in 1817. — " N. Am. Review " : V.— 813. 20 HISTORY OF IIATERHILL, examined the shores of Maine and Massachusetts as far as Cape Cod, "but the unfriendly disposition of the natives discouraged him from further undertaking. In 1606, Sir John Popham, Sir Ferdinando Georges and others, having procured a grant from King James for two plantations on the Atlantic coast, formed two companies — the London and the Plymouth — and soon after, the London company sent three ships with one hundred and five colonists to the coast of Virginia, where they effected a settlement which they called Jamestown. About the same time, the Plymouth company sent two ships with over one hundred landsmen, under Kaleigh Gilbert and George Popham, but the result was an unfortunate colony at the Sag- adahoc, which continued only until the next year. This checked, for a season, the ardor of the company. Meanwhile, discoveries had been made, under the auspices of the Dutch, of the Housatonic, Thames and Connecticut Rivers, and upon the Hudson, and a trading house had been established near Albany. The earliest notice we find of the river ^Merrimack, is through the Sieur De Monts, who wrote from the banks of the St. Lawrence, in 1 604, thus : " The Indians tell us of a beautiful river, far to the south, which they call the Merrimack." Its abundant fisheries, and fertile planting grounds, were the scenes of Indian story, and the theme of Indian praise, at that early date. The next year, the Sieur De Champlain discovered the Mer- rimack. Its position was marked out for him with a coal, upon a board, by some Indians whom he met upon the beach, near the point of land at the west mouth of the Piscataqua river. This was June 16th. The next day, Champlain sailed along the coast to the southward, and discovered the river, as the Indian had laid it down. He named it " Eiviere du Gas." The same Indian gave him to understand that there were six tribes of Indians on the coast, or on the river, under as many chiefs. The river was called MeiTiraack by the northern Indians ; probably from Merriih (strong), and Anke (a place) — a strong place ; or a place of strong currents. The strong and rapid current which met them at the mouth of the river, as they entered it with their frail canoes from the northward, would naturally be the most prominent thing to excite their attention, and lead them to couple it with the name of the river. The Massachusetts Indians called the river Monomac'k, from Mona, (an island) and Anhe (a place) — the Island Place, or A Place of Islands. By some, the latter name is derived from sturgeon, large quantities of which were taken by the Indians, and also by the early English settlers, HISTORY OF HAVERHILL. 2^1 But a new era in the annals of New England begins with the voyage of Captain John Smith, in 1614. With two vessels and forty-nine men and hoys, he sailed from ^London, in March, and in a few weeks arrived at Monhegan. While his men fished. Smith ranged the coast in an open boat making noted discoveries. In this voyage, the coast was explored from Penobscot to Cape Cod, within which bounds, he says: "I have seen, at least, forty several habitations upon the sea coast, and sounded about twenty-five excellent good harbors." He speaks of the coast of Massa- chusetts as " planted with gardens and cornfields, and so well inhabited with a goodly, strong, and well-proportioned people, '•■' =•'■= I can but approve this a most excellent place, both for health and fertility. And of all the four parts of the world I have yet seen, not inhabited, could I but have means to transport a colony, I would rather live here than any where. =•' =■•' Here are many isles, all planted with corn, groves, mulberies, salvage gardens' ' and good harbors ; and the sea coast as you pass, shows you cornfields, and great troupes of well proportioned people." Smith acted honorably with the natives, but his companion, Hunt, whom he left behind, copied the vile example of Weymouth, and kidnapping upwards of twenty of the natives, sailed for Malaga, where a part (at least) were sold as slaves. This barbarous act, says Mather, " was the unhappy occasion of the loss of many a man's estate and life, which the barbarians did from thence seek to destroy ; and the English, in consequence of this treachery, were constrained for a time to suspend their trade, and abandon their project of a settlement in New Eng- land." In 1618, Georges, who was still anxious to settle a colony, sent out a vessel in charge of Capt. Thos. Dermer, and also sent with him one of the natives who had been carried to England, and who had acquired a smatter- ing of the language. After sending his vessel back laden with furs, Dermer embarked in an open pinnance of five tons, taking with him Tis- quantum, or Squanto,f the native above-mentioned, and " searching every harbor, and compassing every capeland," he arrived at what is now called Plymouth. This was his " savage's native country," and near here he held a friendly conference with two native kings| from Pockanokit. From this place Dermer, passing the Dutch settlement at Manhattan, con- "~- Savage gardens. t Who subsequently became the friend and interpreter of the Pilgrims. X Massasoit and his brother Quadequina, who soon after extended a hospitable reception to the Ply- Diunth colonists. 22 HISTORY OP HAVERniLL tinued on to Virginia. This journey of Dermer preceded the landing of the Pilgrims but little more than a year, and was an important addition to the knowledge of the country. No colony had as yet been planted upon the territory of Massachusetts, though colonies were established in Canada and Newfoundland, and the Dutch had established trading posts in the " New Netherlands," where they were conducting a lucrative trade in furs. It was left for a religious impulse to accomplish what commercial enterprise had attempted without success. Civilized New England is the child of English Puritanism, and a history of its early settlement involves, at least in part, a history of Puritanism in England. HISTORY OF HAVERHILL. 23 CHAPTER II. HISTORY OF PURITANISM. THE PILGRIMS. At the time Columbus discovered the New World, nearly ail Christian Europe was under the dominion of the church of Eome. The pope was the recognized head of that church, and the fountain of all power, both spiritual and temporal. England was Catholic, and for hundreds of years had been the vassal of Eome. When Luther kindled the fires of the Eeformation, the reign- ing monarch of England denounced him as the chief of heretics ; wrote in defence of the seven sacraments ; and was rewarded with the flattering title "Defender of the Faith." But in twenty years from the day Luther burned the bull of pope Leo before the gates of Wittemberg, his view had spread over a large part of Europe, and Protestantism had assumed its distinctive position. The reformation had gained a foothold ; the assumptions of Pome had been publicly spurned, and a host of determined opponents of the supreme and unlimited authority of the pope had sprung into existence. Even the " Defender of the Faith " had experienced a change, and when Clement VII refused to decree his divorce, the monarch renounced his allegiance to the Roman See, abrogated the authority of the pope in his realm, and assumed the title of " Supreme Head of the Church of England." But it was only a transfer of the tiara from the Tiber to the Thames ; and, in four years after, an act was passed " abolishing diversity of opinion,"" making the king's form of ortherdox doctrine a standard of be- lief, and punishing all teaching to the contrary, even to forfeiture of goods and burning at the stake. The king could burn as heretics the favorers of Protestantism, and hang as traitors the supporters of the pope. The accession of Edward YI opened a brighter prospect. The thunder of The Bloody Statutes died away ; prisoners for heresy were set at lib- erty ; fugitives allowed to return ; the Bible in English was placed in every church, and soon The Six Articles were repealed. But soon fol- lowed the requiring of uniformity in public worship, by using the prescribed liturgy. All innovations were prohibited, under severe penal- ties, even to imprisonment for life. o Known as the " Bloody Statutes," and the " Six Articles," 24: HISTORY OF llAVElllIILL. The accession of Mary still further eclipsed the star of Protestantism. Educated a Catholic, and filled with bigotry and pride, she re-established Catholicism with all its pageantry and creed, and let loose the fierce winds of persecution upon the favorers of Protestantism. The fires of Smith- field were kindled, and hundreds perished at the stake, while hundreds more, fortunate enough to escape, found in various places on the Continent an asylum from the violence raging at home. Happily, the career of Mary was of short duration, and when Elizabeth ascended the throne, in 1558, the kingdom was once more, and pemia- nently, severed from the Papal see. The exiles returned, and those who had hid emerged from their concealment. But the Puritans, as they were now called, were soon satisfied that there was very little hope of a further reformation in religious aiTairs. The Act of Supremacy re(]^uired an oath of renunciation of the authority of any f6reign priest or prelate, and a recognition of the supremacy of the sovereign in all causes, ecclesias- tical and civil ; while the Act of Uniformity forbid the conducting of public worship otherwise than according to the rubric. Two hundred Catholics suffered death, and hundreds were imprisoned, and large num- bers of ministers Avcre punished for Non-covformity. But, instead of destroying, opposition only served to radicate their principles and increase their power. In all classes of society, Puritans were found ; and before the close of this reign, they began to return a majority in the House of Commons. The accession of AVhitgift to the primacy, in 1583, was a severe blow to the dissentients. In one week, instructions were issued forbidding preaching, catechising and praying in any private family in presence of persons not belonging to it ; and to silence all preachers who had not re- ceived orders from episcopal hands, or who refused or neglected to read the whole service, or to wear the prescribed habit, or subscribe to the queen's supremacy, the " Thirty-nine Articles," and the "Book of Com- mon Prayer." In one year, two hundred and thirty-three ministers were suspended in six counties. A " Court of High Commission " was organ- ized, with power to " visit, reform, redress, order, correct and amend all errors, heresies, schisms, abuses, contempts, ofi^ences, and enormities what- soever." The law of England virtually declared England to be uninhabitable by non-conformists.""' ° Puritanism, ns an element of church politics, dntca from the time when Ilooper refused to be con- secrated in the ecclesiastical vestments, in 1550. In like manner, KorKonformity takes its date from the refusal of Bishop Coverdale and others to subscribe to the Liturgj' and other ceremonies, in 1563. Separatism soon followed, when several deprived ministers broke off from the public churches, audsepar- atcdin private houses. HISTORY OP HAVERHILL. 25 But the High Commission Court did not admit of opposition, except from such as were prepared for ruin. Many such appeared. Some suf- fered death, and many others long imprisonment and ruinous fines. But the seed scattered grew rapidly. In 1593, there were four religious classes in England: 1. The Catho- lics, who adhered to the Church of Kome ; 2. The members of the English Church ; 3. The Puritans ; and 4. The Separatists, or Independents. Of the third class were the founders of the Massachusetts colony, and to the fourth belonged the settlers of Plymouth. The Puritans were simply non-conformists. Connected with the national church, they questioned chiefly the propriety of some of her ob- servances. They submitted to her authority as far as they could, and acknowledged her as their Mother in all matters of doctrinal concern ; and, up to the date of their removal to America, they made no open seces- sion from her communion. Had liberty been allowed them, they would probably have continued in the land of their nativity and in the bosom of the Establishment. The Plymouth colonists were not of the national church. Years before their expatriation, they had renounced her communion and formed churches of their own. Between them and the Massachusetts colonists, however, the differences were in matters of policy, rather than in articles of faith ; and, on their arrival in the New World, apart from the influen- ces of their native land, and under far difi"erent circumstances, a few years intercourse assimilated their views and cemented their union. Such was the origin of Puritanism and Independency, We now pass to a brief notice of the church of the Pilgi'ims. The church of the Pilgrims was first organized at Grainsborough, about 159.8, and was afterward formed into two bodies, the junior of which met at the house of William Brewster, in Scrooby, In July, 1604, a procla- mation was issued, commanding the Puritan clergy to conform before the last of November, or to dispose of themselves and families in some other way. In consequence of this edict, and the persecutions which followed it, the Independent churches at Gainsborough and Scrooby resolved to escape. The former was the first to depart, fleeing to Holland. The other tarried a little longer, hoping for a lull in the fierce storm ; but, finally, after many troubles, and two unsuccessful attempts to escape, in August, 1608, they arrived safely in Holland. For a few months, they sojourned at Am- sterdam, when they removed to Leyden, about forty miles distant. Here they lived in comparative peace. Others, from time to time, joined them, until they numbered about two hundred persons. 26 HISTORY OP HAVERHILL. But ciglit years residence in a land of strangers, satisfied this little band that Holland could not be for them a permanent home ; and after long and anxious consideration, they resolved to remove to America. A grant was finally obtained from the Virginia company, and after many delays and perplexities, one hundred and twenty persons sailed from South- hampton, in two small vessels, — the Speedwell and the Mayflower. The former vessel proving leaky, they were obliged to abandon it, and one hundred and two embarked in the Mayflower. Their destination was to some point near Hudson's Eiver ; but after a stormy passage of sixty -four days, they came in sight of the white sand-banke of Cape Cod, when they tacked to stand to the southward. Becoming "entangled among roaring shoals," they retraced their course, and the next day came to anchor in what is now the roadstead of Provincetown. After a brief exploration of the adjacent country, the voyagers landed and commenced a settlement, which they called New Plymouth. The landing was made on Monday, December 11th, Old Style, upon what has long since been called Fore' fathers' Rock. HISTORY OP HAVERHILL. 27 CHAPTER III. SETTLEMENTS IN MASSACHUSETTS FROM 1620 TO 1640. The fame of the " plantation " at Plymouth soon spread through a large portion of England, exciting the deepest interest in the subject of colonization, and emigration soon began in earnest. In 1623, settlements were made at Cocheco, (Dover, N. H.,) and at Piscataqua, (Portsmouth) ; and there were probably a very few settle- ments in Maine. In 1624, a company from England, called the Dorchester Adventurers, commenced a settlement at Cape Ann, but soon abandoned it and removed to Naumkeag (Salem). The Plymouth colony, now num- bering two hundred and eighty persons, in thirty-two cabins, had already established a trading house at Nantasket, and commenced one at the Ken- ebec. During the succeeding year, a settlement was commenced in Quincy, on the eminence which still bears the name of the founder of the plantation. Mount Wollaston. From 1620 to 1630, the emigration to New England was inconsiderable, and but few new settlements were made. The first vigorous and extensive movement toward the settlement of Massachusetts commenced in 1628, when a patent was obtained for Sir Henry Roswell and others, conveying lands extending from the Atlantic to the AVestern Ocean, and in width from a line running three miles north of the Kiver Merrimack, to a line three miles south of the River Charles. In August, of the same year, John Endicott, one of the patentees, with a company of " fifty or sixty persons," arrived at Naumkeag ; and before winter commenced a new settlement at Mishawam (Charlestown) . The next year, the company was much enlarged ; a royal charter was obtained, creating a corporation under the name of the " Governor and Company of the Massachusetts Bay in New England ; " and soon after the organization under the charter, six vessels with " eighty women and maids, twenty-six children, three hundred men, with victuals, arms, tools, and necessary ap- parel, one hundred and forty head of cattle, and forty goats," arrived at Salem, at which place they found "half a score of houses, and a fair house newly built for the Governor." One hundred of the colonists im- mediately " planted themselves " at Charlestown. In 1629, it was determined to transfer the charter to New England. John Winthrop was chosen Governor, and in March, 1630, he sailed for 28 HISTORY OF HAVERHILL. Massachusetts -with a fleet of eleven vessels, " filled with passengers of all occupations, skilled in all kinds of faculties needful for the planting of a new colony." During this year, seventeen ships, with about fifteen hun- dred passengers, arrived in the Bay and at Plymouth. Settlements were then established at Wessagussett, ("Weymouth) Nantasket, Mount WoUas- ton, Mattapan, (Dorchester) Salem, Mystic, (Medford) Lynn, Charlestown, Winnissimet, (Chelsea) Noddle's Island, (East Boston) Thompson's Island, Shawmut, (Boston) Watertown, Roxbury and Newtown, within the limits of the Massachusetts colony. The accessions in 1G31 were but few, but in the two following years they were more numerous. In 1634, the colony contained from three to four thousand inhabitants, distributed in sixteen towns. Boston was the capitol. During this year, settlements were commenced at Saugus, Mar- vill Head, (]\Iarblehead) Agawam, (Ipswich) and Merrimacke." In 1035, Newbury, Concord, and Dedham were incorporated. Already "the people were straightened for want of room," and parties from Dorchester and Newtown had " planted in Connecticut." In 1636, Eoger Williams laid the foundation of Providence, R. I., and new settlements begun to spring up on every hand. Plantations were made at "Windsor, Hartford, "Weathersfield, and New Haven, in Connecticut ; and at Exeter, and Hampton, in New Hampshire. Emigrants continued to arrive in large numbers. In three months, in 1638, no less than three thousand settlers arrived in Massachusetts. Plantations were commenced at Salisbury and Rowley, in 1639, though persons had settled in the former place as early as 1037. In 1640, it is calculated there were in New England over twenty thou- sand persons, or four thousand families. Before 1643, at which time the four colonies of Massachusetts, Ply- mouth. Connecticut and New Haven, formed a " Confederation of New England Colonies," there were supposed to be a thousand acres of land planted for orchards and gardens, and fifteen thousand other acres under general tillage. The number of neat cattle was estimated at twelve thou- sand, and the number of sheep at three thousand. Acts had been passed incorporating North Chelsea, Salisbury, Springfield, Rowley, Sudbury, Braintree, Woburn. Gloucester, Haverhill, Wenham, and Hull, in addition to those already mentioned. This year four counties were incorporated : Suffolk, Essex, Middlesex, and Old Norfolk, containing in all thirty towns. The country east of the Piscataqua was still almost without English ' Wood's New England Prospect. HISTORY OF HAVERHILL. 29 inhabitants, and the only town then incorporated west of Worcester, (in this State) was Springfield. ■■= Emigrants continued to arrive in large numbers, until about 1640. The meeting of the Long Parliament, by opening the prospect of a fair field to fight out the battle of freedom at home, put a final stop to the ex- patriation of patriotic Englishmen; and for the next century and a quarter, it is believed that more went hence to England than came hither from England. Nor did anything that can be called an immigration oc- cur again for nearly two hundred years, f « The following is a list of the towns in Massachusetts which were settled previously to 1640, and also those settled in that year : » Settled. Settled. Settled. Barnstable, 1639 Ipswich, 1633 Sudbury 1638 Beverly 1626 Lynn, 1629 Watertown 1630 Boston, 1626 i Marblehead, 1631 Wenham 1639 Braintree 1630 Medford 1630 Weymouth, 1624 Cambridcre 1630 Newburv, 1635 Yarmouth, 1639 Charlestown, 1628 Plymouth 1620 Concord 1635 Rowley, 1639 Haverhill 1640 Dedham 1635 Roxbury 1630 Woburn, 1640 Dorchester 1630 Salem, 1626 Reading 1640 Duxbury 1637 Salisbury 1639 Marshfield 1640 Gloucester, 1639 Scituate, 1633 Manchester, 1640 Hingham 1633 Springfield 1635 Haverhill was the thirtieth town settled within the present limits of the State of Massachusetts and the forty-ninth in New England. It was the thirty-second incorporated town in the State, t Palfrey. 30 HISTORY OF HAVERHILL. CHAPTER IV. ABORIGINAL INHABITANTS. The native population of New England, at the time of the first English immigration, was probably not far from fifty thousand ; of which number Connecticut and Rhode Island contained perhaps one-half, and ]\Iaine rather more than one-fourth.= -= Of the ]^Iaine Indians, the Etechcmins dwelt furthest towards the east ; the Abenaquis, of whom the Tarratines were a part, hunted on both sides of the Penobscot, and westward as far as the Saco, or, perhaps the Piscataqua. The home of the Penacook or Pawtuckct Indians, was in the valley of the Merrimack, and the contigu- ous region of Massachusetts. The Massachusetts tribe dwelt along the Bay of that name. Then were found the Pokanokets, or AVampanoags, in southeastern Massachusetts, by Buzzard's and Xarragansett Bays ; the Narragansetts, in Rhode Island ; the Pequots, between the Xarragansetts and the river Thames ; and the Mohegans, from the Pequots to the Con- necticut river. In central Massachusetts were the Nipmucks, or Xipnets. Vermont, Western Massachusetts and northern New Hampshire, were almost, if not absolutely, without inhabitants. These principal tril)es were sub-divided into numerous smaller tribes. Of those upon the Merrimack river, were the Agawams, who occupied from the mouth of the river to Cape Ann ; the Wamesits, at the forks of the Merrimack and Concord rivers, on the west side of the former and both sides of the latter ; The Xashuas, at Nashua ; the Souhegans, on the river of the same name; the Namaoskeags, at Amoskeag; the Pemacooks, or Penacooks, at Concord ; and the Winnequesaukees, at the Wiers, near Lake AVinnepiscogc. The Penacooks were the most powerful tribe in this whole region. The others were controlled by them for a long time, and paid tribute to them. Passaconnaway, a firm friend to the English, was the chief of the Pena- cooks, and the " Great Sachem of all the tribes that dwelt in the valley of the Merrimack. f He was the most noted powow or sorcerer of all the country, and exerted an almost boundless influence over his people. He lived to a very great age, as GookiuJ saw him at Pawtucket (Lowell) " when he was about one hundred and twenty years old." He died about 1G65. and was succeeded by his son Wannalancet, who remained at the ° Palfrey. t Elliott. J Hist. Praying Indians. HISTORY OF HAVERHILL. 31 head of the fast diminishing people until 1677, when he retired to Cana- da. Wannalancet was succeeded by Kancamagus, (known to the English as John Hogkins) son of Xanamocomuck, the eldest son of Passaconna- way. lie was elected Sagamore by the remnant of the tribe who remained at Pennacook after the withdrawal of Wannalancet, and was afterwards joined by many " strange Indians," from other tribes, who had become disaffected with the English. He was an active spirit in the Indian diffi- culties of 1676 to 1691, and one of the most troublesome enemies of the English. The aboriginal inhabitants of New England held a low place in the scale of humanity. They had no civil government, no religion, no letters, no history, no music, no poetry. The French rightly named them Les Homnes des Bois — " Men Brutes of the Forest." Except a power of en- during hunger and weather, acquired by their hunting habits, they were tender and not long-lived ; and though supple and agile, they always sank under continuous labor. In them, the lymphatic temperament predomi- nated. They scarcely ever wept or smiled. Their slender appetites required small indulgence, though at times a gormandizing rage seemed to possess them. Though no instance is recorded of their offering insult to a female captive, it must be credited wholly to their natural coldness of constitution. Their grave demeanor, which has so often been interpreted as an indication of self-respect, was rather an indication of mere stolid vacuity of emotion and thought. In constitution of body and mind, they were far below the negro race. They were simple, ignorant, and indolent. The Indian women per- formed all the drudgery of the household, and were also the tillers of the soil ; the lazy, indolent lords and masters deeming it debasing to engage in aught except hunting, fishing, and war. Their principle article of food was Indian corn, prepared in various ways, — either boiled alone into hominy, or mixed with beans and called succotash, or parched, or broke up into meal and moistened with water, in which case it was named nookik-' They had also fish and game, nuts, roots, berries, and a few cultivated vegetables. A hoe, made of a clam-shell or a moose's shoulder-blade, was their only tool of husbandry. Their manure was fish, covered over in tlie hill along with the seed. Fish were taken with lines or nets, the cordage of which were made of the fibres of the dogbane, or the sinews of the deer. Hooks were made of sharpened bones of fishes and birds. ® Corrupted into nokik, nocake, nouecake, " Johny-cake," etc. 32 HISTORY OP UAVERUILL. Their houses, or lolgwams, were of a circular or oval shape, made of bark or mats, laid over a frame-work of branches of trees stuck in the ground in such a manner as to converge at the top, where was an aperture for the escape of the smoke. The better sort had also a lining of mats. For doors, two low openings were left on opposite sides, one or the other of which was closed with bark or mats, according to the direction of the wind. They were slothful, improvident, deceitful, cruel and revengeful. Pa- rental and filial affection were feeble and transient. They had no formal marriage or funeral ceremonies, or forms of worship; no flocks, herds or poultry. Their shelters, clothing, tools, hunting implements, &c., were of the simplest and rudest kind, and could scarce be called ingenious. The aborigines of Xew England possessed no code of laws, or any set of customs having the force of legal obligation. The early French explorers declared that tribes visited by them were without a notion of religion, and there is not wanting testimony of the same kind in relation to the New England tribes. It is certain they had no temples, no public ritual, nothing which can be called social worship, no order of priests, no machinery of religion. In revenge, they were barbarous and implacable ; they never forgot or forgave injuries. Their wars were massacres. With the Indian, the social attraction was feeble. The most he knew of companionship and festivity, was when he would meet his fellows by the shores of ponds, and falls of rivers, in the fishing season. Much of his life was passed in the seclusion of his wigwam, and the solitude of the chase. This habit of loneliness and of self-protection, made him inde- pendent and proud. His pride created an aptitude for stoicism, which constituted his point of honor. This was fortitude under suffering. Craft, rather than valor, distinguished him in war. Stealth and swift- ness composed his strategy. He showed no daring and no constancy in the field ; but it was great glory to him to bear the most horrible tortures without complaint or a sigh of anguish. His brave endurance presented the bright side of his character. He was without tenderness, and but few instances are recorded of his appear- ing capable of gratitude. Cunning and falsehood were eminently his. His word was no security. A treaty could not bind him when he sup- posed it might be broken without danger. Exceptions are to be allowed for in every portraiture of a class of men, as everywhere and at all times there are natures that rise above the moral standard of their place. But HISTORY OF HAVERHILL. 33 it remains true of the normal representative of this peculiar race, that his temper was sullen, jealous, intensely vindictive, and ferociously cruel.'-* They have been called eloquent. Never was a reputation more cheaply earned. Take away their commonplaces of the mountain and the thunder, the sunset and the water-fall, the eagle and the buffalo, the burying of the hatchet, the smoking of the calumet, and the lighting of the council-fire, and the material for their pomp of words is reduced within contemptible dimensions. Their best attempts at reasoning or persuasion have been the simplest statements of facts. Whatever may be thought of the speci- mens of Indian oratory in other parts of North America, — which must be allowed to be mostly of doubtful authenticity, — certain it is there is no recorded harangue of a New England Indian which can assert a claim to praise. Occasions were not wanting, but the gift of impressive speech was not his. Their manner of expression was vehement and emphatic ; their ideas being few, their language was far from copious. It really consisted of but few words. They had no letters, but few symbols or signatures, no chronicles, and scarce any traditions extending back farther than two or three generations. Such was the aborigines of New England. Those who have studied only the Indian of romance, will seek in vain for a single specimen of such among the sober realities of life. Like the traditional Yankee, they are only and altogether creations of fancy. A few years before the settlement of New England by the English, a war broke out among the aborigines of the country, which resulted in the destruction of thousands of the Indians. To the war succeeded a pesti- lence, which spread far and wide, and was exceedingly fatal. It raged, at intervals, for more than two years, and extended from the borders of the Tarratines southward to the Narragansetts. "The people died in heaps ; " whole families and tribes perished ; so that " the living were no wise able to bury the dead," and seven years afterward the bones of the uuburied lay bleaching upon the ground around their former habitations. The nature of this epidemic has never been determined. It has been sup- posed to have been the small pox, or the yellow fever. The Penobscots and the Narragansetts suffered but little from it, nor does it seem to have troubled the few English residents of the country. Richard Vines, who was stopping at Saco when the pestilence was at its height, says that though he and his men " lay in the cabin with these people that died, not ^ ralfrey. 34 HISTORY OF HAVERHILL. one of them ever felt their heads to ache so long as they stayed there," Thus, as if by special Providence, were the aborigines weakened and scattered, and New England prepared for the reception of civilized and christian immigrants. Throughout the whole of the region swept by the pestilence, there was scarce a tribe that dare oppose the sturdy settlers ; and it was only when several of the stronger ones combined, that they were able, even temporarily, to obstruct the progress of the settlement. The only serious conflicts with the natives between the settlement at Plymouth, in 1620, and that of Haverhill, in 1640, was during the troubles with the Pequots, 1G36— 7. But so vigorously was the war prosecuted on the part of the English, that, in a few months, that once formidable nation was nearly exterminated, and the few that remained were divided among the friendly tribes as vassals. HISTORY OF HAVERHILL. 35 CHAPTER V. SETTLEMENT OF HAVERHILL. 1640. The large immigration into Massachusetts during the years immediately preceding 1638, led to the settlement of many new plantations, as well as the rapid enlargement of those already settled. So great, in fact, was the influx of immigrants, that in many places they could not be accommo- dated. This was particularly the case with Ipswich and Newbury, whither had flocked large numbers of emigrants from the vicinity of Ipswich, Newbury, Haverhill, Lynn, and other towns in the easterly part of Eng- land. By these persons, several new places were settled ; among them, Pentucket, or Haverhill. The earliest intimation we can find of the settlement of this town, is contained in the following letter- to Gov. Winthrop, from one Giles Fir- man, of Ipswich, under the date of Dec. 26, 1639: — ' ' Much honored and dear Sir : ' But that I thinke it needlesse (God havinge more than ordinarye fitted you for such trials) my letter might tell you with what griefe of spirit I received the news of that sad affliction which is lately happened to your worship, by means of that unfaithful wretch ; I hope God will find a shoulder to helpe you beare so great a burthen. But the little time that is allotted me to write, I must spend in requesting your worships counsel and favour. My father in law Ward.f since his sonnej came over, is varey desirous that wee might sett down together, and so that he might leave us together if God should remove him from hence. Because that cant be accomplished in this town, is verey desirous to get mee to remove with him to a new plantation. After much perswasion used, consideringe my want of accommodations here (the ground the town having given mee ly- ing 5 miles from mee or more) and that the gains of physick will not finde me in bread, but besides apprehendinge that it might bee a way to free him from some temptations, and make him more cheerful and more serviceable to the country or church, have yeelded to him. Herein, as I desire your counsel,so do J humbly request your favor, that you would be pleased to give us the libertye of choosinge a plantation ; wee thinh it will bee at Pentuckett or Quichichchek,% \_Cochichatoich~\ by Shaioshin : so soon as the season will give us leave to goe, we shall inform your worship » Hntch. Hist.. Coll., 128. t Rev. Nathaniel Ward. t •Tohn Ward. § Andover. 36 HISTORY OF HAVERHILL. whicli we desire : And if that, by the court of election, wee cannot gather a company to begine it, wee will let it fall. We desire you will not graunt any of them to any before wee have scene them. If your worship have heard any relation of the places, wee should remainc thankful to you if you would be pleased to counsel us to any of them. Further, I would entreat for advise in this ; The towne gave mee the ground (100 acres) upon this condition, that I should stay in the towne 3 years, or else I could not sell it : Now my father supposes it being my first heritage (my father having none in the land) that it is more than they canne doe to hin- der mee thus, when as others have no business, but range from place to place, on purpose to live upon the countrey. I would entreate your coun- sel whither or noe I canne sell it. Further : I am strongly sett upon to studye divinite, my studyes else must be lost ; for physick is but a meene helpe. In these cases I humbly referre to your worship, as my father, for your counsel, and so in much haste, with my best services presented to your worship, wishinge you a strong support in your affliction, and a good and comfortable issue, I rest your worships in what he canne to his power. GYLES FYEMIN." Ipswich, 26, 10th, 1639. Wee humbly entreate your secrecy e in our desires." Whether the reply of the Governor was favorable or otherwise, we are unable to determine, but it is certain that Fyrmin did not leave Ipswich until fifteen years afterwards. At the session of the General Court, held at Boston on the 13th of the succeeding May, (May 13, 1640) a petition was received from "Mr. Ward and Newberry men " for permission to begin a new plantation on the Merrimack,! which petition was " committed to the Governor, Deputy Governor, and Mr. Winthrop, Senior, to consider of Patucket and Coijch- awick, and to grant it them, provided they returne answer within three weeks from the 21st present, and that they build there before the next Courte."J ° Gyles Fyrmin (or Firman) was the son of Giles, an apothecary at Sudbury, England. He was horn in 1614, educated at Cambridge, England, and afterwards studied medicine and was admitted to practice previous to his emigration to this country. In 1638, the town of Ipswich granted him one hundred acres of land, on condition that he lived there three years. In December, 1639, he married a daughter of Eev . Nathaniel Ward, of Ipswich, a few days after which he wrote the above letter to Gov. Winthrop. He was made a freeman in the same year. Fyrmin was an elder in the church at Ipswich, where he con- tinned to reside until 1654, when he returned to England. He afterward became eminent as a divine, as well as physician, and after a long and useful life, he died in April, 1697, at the ripe age of eighty-three years. t This petition is probably now lost, as the most cartful search has failed to give us nny further clue to it. t Colonial Records, 1— 2ftfl. HISTORY OF HAVERHILL. 37 Mr. Ward and his associates selected Pentucket, and commenced a settlement at that place some time previous to the October following their petition. It is probable that they commenced operations immediately on learning the action of the General Court, as they had then barely suffi- cient time to plant for that season, and the fact that before the prescribed time they had commenced a plantation shows that they were by no means dilatory in their movements. At the next session of the Court, (October 7th. of the same year) a com- mittee was appointed " to view the bounds between Colchester-' and Mr. Ward's plantation.! We are confident that no white man had settled within the limits of Pentucket previous to the coming of Mr. Ward's associates, as no mention can be found of such settlement in the records of the colony, which are quite full and explicit upon all similar matters relating to that early period of its history. As early as September, 1G30, (within two mouths after the arrival of the Charter of the Colony) it was "ordered that noe person shall plant in any place within the lymitts of this pattent, without leaue from the Gouvernor and Assistants, or the maior part of them ; " and " also that a warrant shall presently be sent to Aggawam, to com- mand \hose that are planted there forthwith to come away." That this was no "dead letter" enactment, may be judged from the fact that seven years afterwards, — and when thousands of immigrants had arrived in the country, and new settlements were increasing with gi-eat rapidity, — an order was given to the constable of Xewberry to apprehend those men who had thus planted themselves at what is now Salisbury, and to tak^ them before the court, at Ipswich, to answer for such violation of law. At the November Court, 1637, leave was granted certain petitioners from New- berry to settle at Winnacunnet, (Hampton) "or upon any other plantation upon the Merrimak, below the first falls, and to have sixe miles square ; " and, in Sept., 1688, liberty was allowed Gyles Firman, and others, upon their petition, "to hegin a plantation at Merrimack." Winthrop,| under the date of 1643, says: " about this time, two plan- tations began to be settled upon Merrimack, Pentuckett called Hauerill, and Cochichawick called Andover," Under the date of 1638, he says: " One (plantation) was begun at Merrimack," doubtless referring to Salis- bury, which was settled about that time. Cotton Mather§ makes the date of the settlement of Haverhill 1641, but he, as well as Winthrop, evidently reckons from the time of Eev. John ■^ Salisbury. t Colonial Records, 1 — 303. X Hist, of New England, 2—121. § Ma^nali.i, 470. 38 HISTORY OF HAVERHILL. Ward's coining to Haverhill, which, as wc shall see, was not until some time after the first settlement. Felts under the date of 1640, says: "Mr. (Nath'l) Ward, with some men of Newbury, is conditionally allowed to form a settlement at Haver- hill, or at Andover. This privilege was improved, and the former place was chosen before October. His chief object in obtaining such a grant was to prepare a residence for his son, who became an estimable minister there." We think that the conditions upon which the petitioners were to be allowed their request, viz: "provided they returne answer within three weeks from the 21st present, and that they build there before the next Courte ; " and the appointing of commissioners at that Court " to view the bounds between Colchester and Mr. Ward's plantation ; with the ab- sence of conflicting records, or even traditions, are sufficient to fix the date of our first settlement as 1640. The first company of settlers in the wild woods of Pentucket were from Tpsv;ich and Newbury, and were twelve in number. 'I'he following are their names : — , ,, . William White< John Eobinson, - Abraham Tylers-' Samuel Gile, Christopher Hussey. Daniel Ladd, ^^ James Davis,. John Williams, Joseph Merrier' Henry Palmer, Eichard Littlehale, - ^ Job Clement.«^ The last four were from Ipswich. 7 • t^^- ^ \yy' rJ' It has been generally supposed that the Rev. John Ward was the per- son who petitioned to the General Court in the spring of 1640, and that he accompanied the first band of settlers to Pentucket. But we are confi- dent that neither supposition is correct. The historian of Ipswich, in the passage already quoted, and the editor of our Colonial Eecordsf both say that the Ward alluded to in the Court Records, was Nathaniel, (the father of John Ward,) who was, it seems, very anxious to find some good place for his son to settle in the ministr}-. Tliat John Ward did not settle in Haverhill as early as 1 640 is evident from the fact that he preached at Agamenticus (now York, Me.) in the early part of 1641, and perhaps later. Winthrop, (Hist. 2, p. 34) under date of Feb. 29, 1641, says: " Mr. Peters and Mr. Dalton, with one of Acomenticus, went from Pis- cataquack, loith Mr. John Ward, who was to be entertained there for their minister ; and though it be but six miles, yet they lost their way, and wandered two days and one night, without food or fire, in the snow and wet. But God heard their prayers, wherein they earnestly pressed him o Hist. Ipswich, 18:H. t Dr. Shnrtlctr. HISTORY OP HAVERHILL. 39 for the honor of his great name, and when they were even quite spent, he brought them to the sea-side, near the place where they were to go, blessed forever be his name." After diligent search, we have been unable to find the name of any other John Ward to whom the incident could refer ; and, to strengthen us in our supposition, no writer except Mirick (in his History of the town) places the date of Mr. Ward's coming to Haverhill earlier than sometime in the year 1641. Mather (Mag. 2, 470) says of him : " The first notice of him that occurs to me, being in the year 1639, when he came over into these parts of America; and settled therein the year 1641, in a town also called HaA'eril." Farmer (N, E. Geneo.) gives the date of Mr. Ward's settlement in Haverhill as 1645. He evidently, however, mistakes Mr. Ward's settlement as mifiister, for his first settlement in the town. Felt, (Hist. Ips.) under date of 1641, says: — "Kev. John Ward, Mr. John Favor, and Hugh Sherratt went from Ipswich to Haverhill ; " and Allen, (Am. Biog. and Hist. Diet., p. 571) says " he preached for some time at Agamenticus, but in 1641 was settled at Haverhill, then a new plantation." We have directed our attention to the history of the church at York, Me., but without receiving any additional light upon the point. Green- leaf (Eccl. Hist. Maine) informs us that " the first preacher at York of whom any account is preserved, was one Burdett, who came hither from Exeter." And, in another place, he says, "no record can be found at this day of the first gathering and embodying of the church in this town, nor the proceedings of the church under the two first ministers. It is presumed, however, that it was organized in the year 1673. In that year, the Eev. Shubal Dummer was ordained at York ; and as the uniform prac- tice had been to gather and organize a church before settling a minister, it is highly probable that the church is to be dated from that year." The first mention made of Mr. Ward, in the Town Eecords of Haver- hill, is a note at the bottom of the page, under the year 1643, stating that on the 29th of Sept., 1642, he had "sixteen acres of land laid out to him for a home-lot, with all the accommodations thereunto belonging." Aside from the almost certain fact that Mr. Ward preached at York as late as 1641, and the weight of written authority that his settlement in Haverhill was in that year, much stress, we think, may be placed on the strong improbability of a person in his circumstances and position accom- panying a small pioneer company of persons to break ground for a new settlement. Such labor was, at least, not usual for a " minister." It 40 HISTORY OP IIAVKRUILL. would seem more reasonable that he should have waited until the settle- ment had been made, before he took up his residence among them ; and such, we believe was the fact. It is probable he came to the new planta- tion about the full of 1G41. So pleased were the settlers with their good fortune in securing his settlement among them, that they named the place " Haverhill," that being the name of his birth-place, in England. John Waku, the master-spirit of this hardy band of pioneers, was a son of Kev. Nathaniel Ward,'-' and a grandson of Eev. John Ward, a worthy and distinguished minister of Haverhill, England. He was born in Haverhill, Essex Co., England, Nov. 5, 1G06. He received the degree of A. B. in 162G, and that of A. M. in 1630, at the University of Cam- bridge, England. He came to this country in 1639. Matherf speaks of him as " learned, ingenious, and religious. He was a person of quick apprehension, a clear understanding, a strong memory, a facetious conversation, an exact grammarian, an expert physician, and, which was the top of all, a thorough divine ; but, which rarely happens, these endowments of his mind were accompanied with a most healthy, hardy, and agile constitution of body, which enabled him to make nothing of walking on foot a journey as long as thirty miles together. Such was the blessing of God upon his religious education, that he was not only re- strained from the vices of immorality in all his younger days, but also inclined unto all virtuous actions. Of young persons, he would himself give this advice : Whatever you do, be sure to maintain shame in them ; for if that be once gone, there is no hope that they'll ever come to good. Accordingly, our Ward was always ashamed of doing any ill thing. He was of a modest and 'bashful disposition, and very sparing of speaking, especially before strangers, or such as he thought his betters. He was wonderfully temperate in meat, in drink, in sleep, and he was always ex- pressed, I had almost said, affected, a peculiar sobriety of apparal. He was a son most exemplarily dutiful unto his parents ; and having paid some considerable debts of his father, he would afterwards humbly ob- o Rev. Nnthrtuicl Ward, a son of Rev. John Ward, was born in 1570, and educated at the University of Cambridge. Ue was, for some time, pastor of a church at Standon, in Hertfordshire, but being driven out of England for liis non-confonnity, he emigrated to New England in 163i, and settled as pastor ol the church at Ipswich, then called Agawani. He was bred a l.iwyer, and, in 1638, was appointed by the General Court to draw up a code of laws for New England. Though a pious man, he was very eccentric in his conduct. He soon left his charge at Ipswich, was without employment for some time, and returned to England in lt)47. He was afterwards a settled minister at Shetlicld. He died in 1053. He wrote several books of humor, and some learned treatises, hut none have come down to us but the one entitled " The Simple C'obler of Jgatvavi," which he wrote at Ipswich, and which has passed through many editions, t Magnalia. HISTORY OP HAYERHILh. 41 serve and confess, that God had abundantly recompensed this his dutiful- uess. " Though he had great offers of rich matches in England, yet he chose to marry a meaner person, •■whom exemplary piety had recommended. He lived with her for more than forty years, in such an happy harmony, that when she died he professed that in all this time, he never had received one displeasing word or look from her. Although she would so faithfullj'' tell him of everything that might seem amendable in him, that he would compare her to an accusing conscience, yet she ever pleased him wonder- fully ; and she would often put upon him the duties of secret fasts, and when she met with any thing in rcLidiug that she counted singularly agreeable, she would still impart it unto him. For which cause, when he lost this his mate, he caused these words to be fairly written on his table- board. — In Lugeuda Compare, Vit;c Spacinm Compleat Orliii;;: And there is this memorable passage to be added. While she was a maid there was ensured unto her, the revenue of a parsonage worth two hundred pounds per annum, in case that she mai-ried a minister. And all this had been given to our Ward, in case he had conformed unto the doubtful mat- ters of the Church of England ; but he left all the allurements and enjoyments of England, choosing rather to suffer affliction with the people of God in a Avilderness. ■" Although he would say, there is no place for fishing like the sea, and the more hearers a minister has, the more hope there is that some of them will be catched in the nets of the Gospel ; nevertheless, through his humility and reservation, it came to pass, that as he chose to begin his ministry in Old England at a very small place, thus when he came to New England he chose to settle with a new plantation, where he could expect none but small circumstances all his days. He did not love to appear upon the public stage himself, and there appeared few there, whom he did not prefer above himself : but when he was there, every one might see how conscientiously he sought the edification of the souls of the plainest auditors, before the ostentation of his own abilities. And from the like diffidence it was, that he would never manage any ecclesiastical affairs in his church, without previous and prudent consultations with the best advi- sors that he knew : he would say he had rather always follov/ advice though sometimes the advice might mislead him, than ever act without advice, though he might happen to do well by no advice but his own." c Alice Edmunds, by whom he had two children, Elizabeth and Mary. His wife died March 24, 1680. . 42 HISTORY OF HAVERHILL. Pleasant, indeed, is it to be able to point to so amiable and exemplary an individual as one of the founders of our town, and the spiritual and tem- poral adviser and master-spirit of its early settlers. Mr. AVard died December 27, 1693. Of the previous history of the associates of Mr. Ward in his arduous enterprise, we have been able to glean but few particulars, — which may be found in another place. For the present, suffice it to say, that their descendcnts have ever been, and yet are, among our best and most prom- inent citizens. At the succeeding October court, ' ' Mr. Edward Woodman, Mr. Paine, and Mr. Nelson, were appointed to view the bounds between Colchester (Salisbury) and Mr. Ward's plantation,"- from which it would seem that the work of settling had been begun in earnest. The first house was erected near the old burying ground, j and for some time the principal settlements were made in that vicinity, though land was cleared and broken, and houses built in other parts of the town. It was nearly two years, however, before a house was erected as far from the centre as Little Eiver, about which time one was built near where Winter Street now crosses that stream. The Indian name of the region included within the present bounds of the town, was Pentuchett, and it was at one time the home of quite a numerous tribe of that name, who were under the jurisdiction of Passa- connaway, chief of the Pennacooks. Their principal village is supposed to have been on the banks of Little Eiver, not far from its mouth ; and the second house on Merrimack street, east from Emerson street, stands upon their ancient burial ground. AVhen the cellar of the above house was excavated, a number of Indian skeletons were dug up, in a very good state of preservation..! Heads of arrows, stone mortars, and other Indian relics, have frequently been found in that vicinity, thus confirming the tradition of a settlement thereabouts. We have now no means of knowing how many of the aboriginees still lived here at the time of Mr. Ward's settlement, but circumstantial evi- dence indicates that they were few in number. In but few of the early accounts of the native inhabitants is any mention made of any tribe or tribes at this place ; and where mentioned, it is as a remnant — the last few — of a once vigorous tribe. On the other hand, the wording of the deed, o Colonial Records— 1. t N^ow called Pen tucket Cemetery. tOne of the workmen npon the occasion drank a bumper of punch to the memory of the original inhabitants, /row one of the skulls thus l/)-oiiffhl to light ! HISTORY OF HAVERHILL. 43 and the small sum paid for the large extent of territory, strongly favor the conclusion that but two families of the natives then remained." It is probable that the terrible pestilence of IGlo, in its desolating march from the Kennebec to the Narragansett, included the Pentuckets among its vic- tims, and left only a few to await the approach of civilization. The rude marks upon this deed, are the only memorial we have left of the aboriginal inhabitants of Pentucket. They have faded away. As leaves before the chilling frosts, so have they fallen and withered before the breath of civil- ization, and silently sunk into the graves of their fathers. Soon after the settlement of the place, it was named Haverhill, in compliment to Mr. Ward, who was born, as we have mentioned, in Haver- hill, Essex County, England. At the session of the General Court, in the succeeding June, (1641) " Mr. John Woodbridge, Matthew Bayse, John Crosse and George Giddings, they four, or any three of them, are appointed to set out the bounds of Salisbury and Pentucket, alias Haverhill ; they are to determine the bounds which Mr. Ward and his company are to enjoy as a towne or vil- lage, if they have six houses tip by the next General Courte in the 8th month," [October.] We must not suppose from this, that six houses had not as yet been erected, because, as we have seen, twelve persons (and probably most of them men of families) had already been here a year, and had, within that time, received considerable accession to their numbers. It would be strange indeed if they had not, by that time at least, double the required number of houses erected. We should interpret the act of the General Court as specifying the smallest number of dwellings that should be reckoned as a town or village, rather than as declaring that so » To shoTv that Havevhtll was not' psculidr in this respect, we may refer tu Newbury and Ipswich, once without dowljt the home of a large tribe of Indians. Newbury was settled la the spring of 1633, but the first intimation of any Indians, eitlicr by record or tradition, is in IGii, wlien a parcel of land was allotted to one "John Indian." The next mention is in 1330, when "Great Tom, Indian," sold to the selectmen of Newbury "all his right, title, and interest in all the woods, commons and lands in Newbury, together with his three acres of planting land as it is fenced in one entire fence in Newbury, lying near Indian Hill." Thei-e is no other notice of either of these Indians. The next intimation of any Indi.ans in that town, is in 1661, when the family of " Old Will" is referred to, which was in 1G63 the only Indian family in the town, and consisted of himself, wife, and three daugiiters. From a report made to the General Court in 1676, it appears there were then, " at and about Ipswich, eight men and seventeen wonien and children, Indians, and at Dunstable, Wonolancet's company of about sixty persons." Coffin, in his valuable History of Xcwhuri/, sa.js: — " However large the population of this region might once have been, it is certain that from various causes the race had become nearly extinct, when the white population had determined to occupy the territory, thus providentially vacated ; and it was with the " knowledge, licence and good liking" of the few that remained, that the first settlers took possession of this then howling wilderness." 44 HISTORY OF nAVERIIILL. many as six houses had not as yet been erected in this new plantation/"^ At the time the town was first settled, it was covered with the thick, and in many places almost impenetrable woods of the primitive forests, except- ing the lowlands, or meadows. There were no pleasant fields, nor gardens, nor public roads, nor cleared plats. Except where the timber had been destroyed, or its growth prevented, by frequent fires, the groves were thick and lofty. The Indians so often burned the country, to take deer and other wild game, that in many parts of it there was but little small timber. The meadows had been partially cleared by the Indians long before the arrival of the white settlers, and were covered with a heavy growth of grass, which grew remarkably thick and high. The Indians were accus- tomed to set this grass on fire each autumn, so that they might the more easily kill the deer which came to feed upon the young grass the succeeding spring. On account of the grass, these lands were prized very highly by the first settlers, as from them they procured hay for their flocks and herds. In the early settlement of this, and other New England towns, these meadow lands were divided into small lots and distributed among the set- tlers. In many cases the " meadow lot " was several miles distant from the house of the owner, and as roads and other conveniences of travel and transportation had not as yet been introdaced, we can easily imagine that "haying" was then a much moi*e laborious and expensive matter than now. After being cut and cured, the dried grass was piled in stacks on the meadows, and left until winter, when it was hauled home on sleds, by oxen. The forests were filled with the various kinds of birds and small ani- mals peculiar to New England. The worst enemy, of the beast kind, to the infant settlement, was the wolf. These gave a great deal of trouble, and at one time had become so bold and troublesome, that a large plat of ground was enclosed near the common, and used as a pasture for the sheep. Shepherds were appointed to watch over them, and at night they were closely folded, as a still greater security. Even after the town had become ([uite extensively settled, these voracious prowlers did much and frequent damage by their depredations, and the town at various times offered liberal bounties for their destruction. Though only twelve persons composed the first party of settlers in the town, their numbers were soon increased by the arrival of others. Of those who arrived in 10 10 and IGll, we arc able to give the names of only ° A newspaper story writer (18^52) says, that in the autumn of IMl there were only six houses in he town. We presiinio his statement is founded np m thi abnvp mentioned vote of the General Conrt, HISTORY OF IIATEIiniLL. 45 Job Clements (sou of Eobert), Jolin Favor, and Hugh SheiTatt, though we are confident that several others came as early as the spring of 1G41. The winter of 1641-2 was unusually severe. Boston harbor was frozen over so deeply that it was passable for horses, carts, and oxen for six weeks. The first recorded birth in the town was that of John Eobinson, (son of John) who survived but three weeks. The second birth was also a son of the same, in 1 642, who lived but one week. The third child born, was Deborah, daughter of Tristani Cofiin. in 1G42, who lived only six weeks. =•' The simple record of these early deaths in that little community, consid- ered in connection with the exceeding severity of the preceding winter, and the known cares, anxiety and labor that always attend a first settle- ment, even under the most favorable circumstances, clearly and most touchingly tells of denials, exposures, and life-destroying hardships. Hardly had the little company commenced life in their new home, when intelligence was received bj^ the Governor, from Connecticut, (September, 1642) that "the Indians all over the country had combined themselves to cut off the English."! The time appointed for the massacre, was soon after the harvest. The Indians were to divide themselves into small parties, and visit the houses of the principal men for the professed purpose of trading, while others concealed themselves in the vicinity. At a given signal, those in the houses were to fall upon the owners, slay them, and seize upon their weap- ons, while the concealed party were to rush in and assist in completing the bloody work. Upon the reception of this intelligence, it was thought advisable, by the Governor and Council, to disarm all the Indians within our jurisdiction. A warrant was accordingly sent to Ipswich, Eowley and Xewbury, '• to dis- arm Pasaconnaway, who lived by Merrimack." The next day forty armed men were sent for that purpose, although it was the Sabbath, and a heavy rain was falling. On account of the rain, they could not reach his wig- ""■ The following gives the number i.!" births ami deaths in the town each year, from 1641 to 1061, so far as given in the town records : BIKTHS. 1 in 1641 Sin 164S 10 ii 1655 2 " 1042 •• L04i) ff '• 1650 1 " 104;! 7 " 1050 12 " 1657 1 " 1644 11 " 1651 11 ' 1658 ;$ " 1645 10 " 1652 8 ' 1659 6 " 1046 10 ' 165:^ 11 ' 1600 5 " 1647 10 ' 1654 n ' lOGl t Winthrop, 2- -7S-87 DEATHS. 1 in 1041 1 in 1051 2 in 1058 2 '• 1642 2 " 1052 4 " 1G5<» 1 " 1646 1 " 105:1 ,S " 1000 1 " 1047 " 1054 1 " 1001 1 " 1648 5 " 1057 8 " 1602 2 " 1050 46 HISTORY OF irAVERHILL. warn, but came to his son's, and took him and his squaw and child prisoners. On their return, they led the son with a line, for fear of his escape. He, however, eluded their vigilance and escaped into the woods. Upon learning of this unwarrantable proceeding, the Governor and Council immediately sent a friendly messenger in search of Passaconna- way, to inform him that the capture of his son and his family was without their orders, and also to tell him the reasons why they had disanned the Indians in their jurisdiction. The woman and child were also sent back. The mission proved successful, and in a few days the chief sent his oldest son to deliver up his guns to the English. No massacre of the kind was, however, perpetrated ; but it was after- ward ascertained that such a plot had existed, headed by the chief of the Narragan setts. Though the town was settled and houses erected in 1640, it was not until more than two years afterward that a title to the land was purchased of the Indian owners. As it was usual for the Massachusetts settlers to buy the land they wished to occupy, we are left in doubt as to the reason why the Haverhill men did not sooner make such a purchase. The most reasonable solution we can give is, that when the white settlers first came to Pentucket there were no Indians living here ; and that afterward one or two families, descendants, perhaps, of the original owners, straying back to their old hunting and fishing grounds, and finding them in possession of the " pale faces," had laid claim to the land ; or else that the number of Indians living here was so small that they were not considered worth noticing at all, until the startling intelligence of the intended massacre suggested the purchase as a security against molestation from the Indians near them. At any rate, the fact that the purchase was made within the next month after the above-mentioned information first reached the Colony, would seem to indicate some such a condition of things. The following is a correct copy of the original deed, ■' of which we also give a perfect fac- similie. •• Know all men by these presents, that wee Passaquo and SaggaHew with ye consent of Passaconnawaj^ : have sold unto ye inhabitants of Pen- tuckett all ye lands wee have in Pentuckett ; that is eyght myles in length from ye little Eivver in Pentuckett AVestward: Six myles in length from ye aforesaid Riwer northward : And six myles in length from ye foresaid OThe original document was for a, long time in the possession of the descendants of William White, one of the witnesses to the deed, but at the suggestion of the writer, it has recently been presented to the Town of Haverhill, by E. A. Porter, Esq., administrator of the estate of the late Charles White, Esq . As it was originally given to " the inhabitants of Pentuckett," it seems appropriate and proper that it ehould b? in the possessim of the Town, and wo are pleased to annotinc'e that it hns bcfu s.i disposed of. OF HAVERHILL, MASS FACSIMILE OF THE INDIAN DEED OF THE TOWNSHIP ^p HAVERHILL MASS 1 As ^^^ (^'^^-^^uxS ^j^^A € ^ i i i.s ?^ Ki £i.~ HISTORY OP HAYERHILL. 47 Eivver Eastward, with ye Ileand and ye rivver that ye ilcand stand in as far in length as ye land lyes by as formerly expressed : that is, fourteen myles in length : And wee ye said Passaquo and SaggaHew with ye con- sent of Passaconnaway, have sold imto ye said inhabitants all ye right that wee or any of us have in ye said ground and Ileand and Eivver : And wee warrant it against all or any other Indeans whatsoever unto ye said Inhabitants of Pentuckett, and to their heires and assignes forever Dated ye fifteenth day of november Ann Dom 1642. Witnes our hands and scales to this bargayne of sale ye day and year above written (in ye presents of us,) wee ye said Passaquo & SaggaHew have received in hand, for & in consideration of ye same three pounds & ten shillinAi'A' " Daniel Lad, £ 40 " George Browne, 80 " Joseph Peasley, " John Hoit, " John Davis, " Goodman Hale. The following table contains the valuation of those to whom house lots were laid out at various times, but whose names do not appear previous to 1650: — I, Eobert Clement, Sen, £ 50 Thomas Eaton, £40 * John Clement, 35 Edward Clarke, 40 -'Matthias Button, 60 Eobert Swan, 30 Steven Kent, 200 John Haseltine, 40 James Davis Jr, 130 John Johnson, 90 Peter Ayer, 60 John Carleton, 90 Eichard Singletary, 60 Joseph Johnson, 50 John Huckins, 480 John Page jun, 40 o Nnraes asainst which no amount is placed, are those of persons for whom we can find no record of a house lot being laid out. Some of them, if not all, probably purchased the right of others to lands. t We do not know whether these pounds were the English pounds sterling (sixteen ounces of silver) or the pound of Troy weight, (sixty-two shillings) but presume they were the latter. If so, each pound was equivalent to S. 1679 ; Ebenezcr, born February 17, 1681 ; Phillip, born August 18, 1684 ; Abigail, born May 28, 1689. I Eev. Mr. Cobbett. § This Symon, or Simon, was the Indian whose horso-stealing exploit we mentioned in the preceding chapter. II John Littlehale. of this town, was killed by the Indians September 18, 167."). The particular.? of his death are now lost. (1) Rev. T. Cobbett's Ms., (Ipswich). 126 HISTORY OF IIAVERniLL. Symon, and his two associates, soon after concluded to make peace with the English, who, instead of improving the opportunity to secure their friendship, seized Symon and Andrew, and confined them in the jail at Dover, They soon, however, found means to escape, joined their friends, and entered upon the work of vengeance in earnest. About the first depredation which followed their flight from Dover, was committed at G-reenland, where they killed one John Kenniston, and burned his house. Symon was with the celebrated Mogg, in his assault upon Scarborough, October 12th, 1676 ; was the leader of the party which made prisoners of Anthony Brackett, and his family, at Back Cove (near Port- land), August 9 th, of the same year; and was the alledged leader of the party which killed several persons in Amesbury, July 7, 1677. A woman named Quimby, who was wounded at the time, recognized him, and begged him to spare her life. He replied, " why, goodwife Quimby, do you think that I will kill you ? " She said she was afraid he would, because he killed all the English. Symon then said, " I will give quarter to never an English dog of you all," and immediately gave her a blow on the head, which not happening to hurt her much, she threw a stone at him, upon which he turned upon her, and " struck her two more blows," at which she fell, and he left her for dead. Before he gave her the last blows, she called to the garrison for help. He told her she need not do that, for, said he, " I will have that too, by and by." Symon was well known to many of the inhabitants, and especially to Mrs. Quimby, as he had for- merly lived with her father, William Osgood.'' In April, of the same year, Symon and his companions burnt the house of Edward Weymouth, at Sturgeon Creek, and plundered the house of one Crawley, but did not kill him, because he had shown kindness to Symon's grandmothei'.f Iluhhard, (History New England) relates the incident as follows : — " Symon and Andrew, the two brethren in iniquity, with a few more, adventured to come over Piscataquo Eiver, on Portsmouth side, when they burnt one house within four or five miles of the town, and took a maid and a young woman captive ; one of them having a young child in her arms, with which not willing to be troubled, they gave leave to her that held it, to leave it with an old woman, whom the Indian Symon spared because he said she had been kind to his grandmother." The cap- tives subsequently escaped, and revealed the names of their captors, who, for the reasons before given, had not been " so narrowly looked to as they used to do others." * Ma. Docnments. t Belknap. HISTORY OF HAVERHILL. 127 The war soon became general. The first considerahle attack made by the Indians, was upon the people of Swanzey, June 24th, as they were returning from public worship ;=•■= eight or nine persons were killed. Brook- field was next attacked, and every house burnt but one. During the month of September, Hadley, Deerfield, and Isorthfield, were attacked; many persons were killed, and many buildings consumed. Encouraged by this success, they soon after burnt thirty-two houses at Springfield, and the inhabitants narrowly escaped a general massacre. They also laid the town of Mendon in ashes ; and, on the 10th of the following February, plundered the town of Lancaster, burnt several houses, and killed and captured forty-two persons. Soon after, they did great mischief in Marl- borough, Sudbury and Chelmsford ; and, on the 21st of February, two or three hundred Indians surprised Medfield, burnt half the town, and killed twenty of the inhabitants. Four days after, they burnt seven or eight houses in Weymouth. Early in March, they burnt the whole settlement of Groton ; and in the same month, they burnt five houses, and killed five persons in Northampton, surprised part of Plymouth, and murdered two families, laid the town of Warwick in ashes, and burnt forty houses in Kehoboth, and thirty in Providence. On the other hand, large numbers of Indians were destroyed by the colonists. In 1G75, when Phillip and his army retreated into the Narra- ganset country, the English pursued, attacked and destroyed their fort, and killed seven hundred of their warriors. Besides these, there were three hundred who died of their wounds, and a large number of old men, women, and children, who had repaired to the fort for refuge. In 1676, the afi"airs of the colonists wore a less gloomy aspect. In May and June, the Indians appeared in various parts of the country, but their energy had abated. About the same time, a war broke out between Phil- lip and the Mohawks, (whom the former had vainly endeavored to enlist against the English) which deranged all his measures. On the 12th of August, 1676, the finishing blow was given to the Indian power, by the death of King Phillip. The subsequent winter, the severity of the season, and the scarcity of their provisions, reduced them to the necessity of sueing for peace. By the mediation of Major Waldron, of Dover, to whom they applied, a peace was concluded with the whole body of eastern Indians, which continued till the next August. In this war, the English lost six hundred men, twelve or thirteen towns were destroyed, and six hundred dwelling houses consumed. o The day had been set apart by the Plymouth colonists as a day of fasting and prayer, on account of the itrtpending danger. The 29th of the same month was also so observed in the Massachusetts Bay colony. 128 HISTORY OP HAVERHILL. From the Journal of Captain John Hull, Treasurer of the Colony, under date of August 24, 1676, we copy the following list of soldiers from this town, and the sum paid to each. " Haverell Towne Cr By Sundry Accpts. Viz 24.16.08 Samuel Huchins pd as p Assignment No 4315 00.15.06 Nathaniel Haseltine ditto No 01.00.06 Samuel Aires dit , 00.08.06 - John Keisar dit 00.08.06 John Clements dit 00.08.06 Amos Siuglctcns dit 00.05.00 Nathaniel Lad dit 00.05.00 Daniel Lad 00.05.00 -George Brown dit 00.13.00 John Johnson dit 00.02.06 Phillip Esman dit 00.15.04 Benjamin Siuglcterry dit 00.15.04 Thomas Durston dit 00.17.10 Thomas Eastman dit 01.04.00 Thomas Hartshorn dit 00.12.00 Richard Allin dit 01.17.06 Eobert Swan dit 01.17.06 Henry Kemball dit 01.06.10 Benjamin Grealy dit 01.00.06 Jonathan Henrick dit 00.15.04 John Corly dit 00.15.04 John Roby dit 00.08.06 Samuel Ladd dit 03.17.00 Thomas Kinsbury dit 01.12.04 Robert Swan dit 01.04.00 John Haseltine dit 01.04.00 Samuel AVatts dit 00.13.06 Joseph Bond dit .00.13.06 The following extract from the colonial records, presents a vivid picture of the anxiety and distress among the people of Massachusetts, on ac- count of the bold and daring determination of Phillip and his allies to extirpate the English. The proposition to erect a fortification of such magnitude, shows the desperation to which they were reduced, and the dangers to which they were exposed : — - " Att a court held in Boston March 23d 1676. Whereas several con- siderable persons have made application to us and proposed it as a necessary expedient for the public welfare and particularly for the security of the whole county of Essex and part of j\Iiddlesex from inroads of the common enemy, that a line or fence of stockades or stones (as the matter best HISTORY OF HAVERHILL. 129 suiteth) be made about eigtt feet high extending from Charles Eiver where it is navigable unto Concord river from George Farley's house, in Bil- lerica, which fence this council is informed is not in length above twelve miles, a good part whereof is alreadj^ done by large ponds that will con- veniently fall into the line and so forth, and so forth, by which means the whole tract will be environed for the security and safety (under God) of the people, their houses, goods and cattel from the rage and fury of the enemy." "■' * ^-^ ^'^ The court thereupon ordered one able and fit man from each of the in- cluded towns, to meet at Cambridge on March 3 1st, to survey the ground, estimate the expense, &c., and report in writing how it might be prosecuted and effected, and what each town should pay, &c. Nearly all the towns made a report. The peace proved to be of short duration. On the 1 2th of the following July, Eichard Saltonstall of this town, and others of Bradford, and Ando- ver, petitioned the General Court for "more provision for protection on account of present appearance and warning of danger." In reply, the Court ordered one-fifth of the men to be kept continually on scout, taking turns, so that all should bear their part ! Hostilities commenced soon after, and were continued the remainder of that year, and also during the following year ; in which period the Indians ravaged the country, and greatly reduced the eastern settlements. In the spring of 1678, commissioners were appointed to settle a formal treaty of peace with the Indian chiefs, — which was done at Casco. Thus an end was finally put to a tedious and distressing war. Fortunately for our town, it was not attacked during this war, though the inhabitants lived in continual expectation of one, and the most active and vigorous measures were adopted for defence. Houses were garri- soned, and armed scouts were kept on the watch for the enemy night and day, during the whole time.'' At this distant day, we can have but a faint idea of the anxieties and hardships, the flickering hopes and gloomy fears, of those long and dreary three years of Indian warfare. After the ratification of peace, commerce began again to flourish, and the population of the country rapidly increased. New towns were settled, and the colonists, no longer in daily and hourly fear of being startled by the war-whoop of the merciless savage, once more rested in present security. • As late as 1684, thirty-five troopers were kept constantly on the scont, on the borders of Haverhill, Amesbury, and Salisbury; and a foot company was kept in readiness for service, in each of those towns. 17 130 HISTORY OP HAYERHILL. CHAPTER XI. 1675 TO 1688. During the period included in the preceding chapter, the inhabitants of this town were so constantly engaged in providing and sustaining means of defence, that we find but little to record except matters in some way relating to the Indian troubles. In 1675, the time of holding the annual town meetings was changed from the first Tuesday in March, to the last Tuesday in February. In October, the General Court assessed a tax of £1,553, 5s, 4d, on the towns in the Colony, to defray the expenses of the war with the Indians. The proportion of Haverhill was fixed at £18. Even this sum was not easily raised, and a town meeting was called, November 18th, "to allow the inhabitants to make staves enough to pay the 8 rates required by the country, so as to save bread coin which men cannot well live without." At the same meeting, Michael Emerson was chosen " to view and seal all leather " in the town. This is the first mention of such an officer, and Emerson was doubtless the first one so appointed. In 1677, Emerson "complained," and Andrew Greeley was "joined with him." We are not informed of what the former complained, but from the fact that an additional viewer and sealer was chosen, as a remedy for his complaint, we are led to suppose that the labors of the office were either too great or too troublesome for a single officer. As it was something new for the tan- ners in town to have some one specially authorized, and required, to view and seal their leather, it is quite probable that Emerson found his business anything but pleasant, and hence the popular ancient and modern remedy adopted, — division of responsibility. At the meeting of February 27, 1676, William Thompson asked to be " accepted a Towns-man, to dwell here and follow his trade of shoe-mak- ing," but, for some unexplained reason, the town refused. The Eecorder says, "the town by a clear and full vote do hereby reject his motion, not granting any such liberty or acceptance of him." At the next annual meeting, another shoemaker made a similar applica- tion, which met with even a worse fate than that of Thompson, as will be seen by the following, from the Eecords of the town : — " Fetter Patie making a motion to the town to grant him a piece of land to settle upon, it not being till then known to the town that he was a mar - HISTORY OF HAVERHILL. 131 riedman&a stranger, having hitherto accounted of him as a journey-man shoe-maker, his motion according to law was rejected. And the Moderator declared to him before the public assembly that the town doth not own him, or allow of him for an inhabitant of Haverhill, & that it was the duty of the Grand-jury men to look after him." Pattee's (or Pettee's) proposal to become an inhabitant of the town, seems to have been lightly esteemed. But he was not so easily shaken off ; and, in spite of his cool reception, he continued to reside here until his death. In 1680, he was " presented" to the Court, " for being absent from his wife several years, and in the following year, he was presented for having another wife in Virginia.'-' In 1694, he was chosen constable by a " pleantiful, clear, and legal paper vote." As late as 1710, he was the regular ferryman at " Pattee's ferry." Notwithstanding the unfavorable reception of Thompson and Pattee's applications for permission to establish themselves in town as shoemakers, others were soon found courageous enough to make a similar application. At the annual meeting in 1679, — " upon the request of Benjamin Webs- ter and Samuel Parker, two young men and shooemakers, that the towne would give them libertie to live in this towne to follow the trade, having hired a house to that end ; the towne by their vote doe grant their motion, and accept of them so as to live in towne and follow the trade of shooe- making." Mirick expresses the opinion, that Webster and Parker were the first who had served a regular apprenticeship at the trade, and established themselves in this town, but a reference to the record in the case of Pattee and the fact that he then, and for years afterward, lived in town, and was a "journey-man shoemaker," is sufficient to establish his claim to the honor over the first-named. We think it nowise improbable, that Thomp- son, although he was refused permission to become a " towns-man," yet resided here, and worked at his trade of shoemaking. The vote of the town would not prevent this, as we have seen that it did not in the case of Pattee. In 1677, Daniel Ela was licensed to keep an ordinary for one year; but the small pox breaking out in his family, he was unable to sell his liquors, and he petitioned the Court, at the fall term, to extend his license. ° We find in the Town Records, under date of November 8, 1682, the marriage of Peitr Pafre to Sarah Gile, and follomng' are the names of eight children : Moses, Benjamin, Jeremiah, Samuel, Hannah, Mercy, Jemima, and Benjamin, born between July 28, 1683, and May 15, 1696. We presume that this was the same person alluded to above. 132 HISTOKY OF HAVEKHILl. The Court gave him liberty to sell " wine, liquore, Beere, Cyder, and pro- visions to horse and man, or travilers in Haverhill."" It is evident, from an examination of the Eecords, that the town con- tinued to be in want of more extensive mill accommodations — both for corn and lumber. We have already noticed the conditions upon which various parties had been allowed to build, and the important privileges granted to them upon fulfilment of such conditions. But it seems that the mill owners did not always come up to their part of -the contract, and thia led to bitter and frequent complaints and disappointments on the part of the inhabitants. Their town was growing steadily, and, for the times, rapidly, and it was important that its growth should not be retarded, and the good temper of the inhabitants ruffled, by reason of insufficient mill accommodations. In 1675, the town voted to prosecute the owners of the sawmill, for non-fulfilment of their agreement. We do not find that this course amended matters much, and they doubtless began to consider the propriety of favor- ing the establishment of mills in different parts of the town. They had already taken a step in this direction, by granting permission for a second corn-mill in town, a few years previously, and in 1678, the town unani- mously "voted that Bichard Bartlett, of Almsbury be granted the privi- lege to set a sawmill in Haverhill, on the north meadow river." Bartlett lived near the Haverhill line, and we presume that his mill was built on or near the site of what are now known as Peaslees iMUls. The conditions of the privilege were, that Bartlett should pay the regular rates (that is, taxes,) ; that he should " deliver at our meeting house 1000 merchantable per year; " should sell to the Haverhill people at three shillings per hun- dred ; and should secure the town from any damages recovered by the present saw-mill owners in consequence of the new mill, and from all damage to meadows. Five years afterward, the town voted to allow Joseph Kingsbery, Sam- uel Hutchins, Robert Swan, jun,, and Josiah Gage, to build a saw-mill on Merrie's Creek, below the bridge. In this case, the town expressly re- served to itself the right to allow others the same privilege on the same stream, which was certainly a long step toward the final abolishment of all monopoly in mill privileges. At the same meeting (1683) the subject of com mill accommodations came up again for consideration, as we learn from the following record : — o "From an old account book I learn that this year turnips & apples were a shilling a bushel; a day's mowinj two shillings and tivo pence; men's wages for a year ten pounds; women's wages from four to fire pounds ; board four shillings per week, and lalwr two shillings per day." — Coffin, HISTORY OP HAVERHILL. 133 " The town being sensible of their great suffering for want of another mill to grind their corn ; this mill of Andrew Grelee's not being able to supply them or to grind their corn as it ought to be done, did send to An- drew Grelee to treat with him, & proposed to him the building of another ; Who then did refuse to accept of the proposition, & declared before the town that he knew there was a necessity for the town to have another cornmill, & that he was not at all against their having of one set up, pro- vided it be set upon any other brook or stream, & not upon that brook which his mill stands upon." Upon this, Stephen Daltpn "propounded for liberty to build a corn- mill," which request was granted. That it is no modem notion, to find fault with, and be suspicious of the integrity of town officers, is manifest from the town's voting, as long ago as 1679, to choose a committee to look after the accounts, &c., of the Selectmen for the preceding year. Their confidence had somehow become so much weakened, that they even voted that a similar committee should be chosen every year in future. In the early part of 1680, Haverhill was set back into Essex county. The following is the order of the General Court, making the change : — " At a General Court held in Boston the 4th day of Feb 1679-80. This Court being sensible of the great inconvenience & charge that it will be to Salisbury, Haverhill, & Almsbury, to continue their County Court, now some of the Towns of Norfolk are taken off, & considering that those towns did formerly belong to Essex, & attended at Essex Court, Do order that those Towns that are left be again joined to Essex, & attend public business at Essex Courts, there to implead & be impleaded as occa- sion shall be : Their records of lands being still to be kept in some one of their own Towns on the North of Merrimack." And all persons accord- ing to course are to attend in Essex County. By the Court. Edw: Eawson Secrety." From the records of the General Court, we learn that twenty-two towns, and among them Haverhill, had not yet paid the amount they subscribed for Harvard College. The Court ordered the selectmen of the delinquent towns to enquire into the matter, and report, under a penalty of twenty pounds. As we hear nothing further from it, we presume the subscription was soon after paid, In the spring of this year, (March 24, 1680,) Mrs. Ward, the wife of the minister, died. From the testimony her husband bears to her charac- • The records referred to in the above order, were subsequently deposit^ed in the archives of the County, at Salem, where they still remain. 134 HISTORY OP HAVERHILL. ter, we learn that she was a woman of most exemplary life, and shining virtues, — a fit companion for the religious teacher of an early New England settlement. Her death was a severe blow to her surviving husband. She had been his constant, loving, and beloved companion, by night and by day, for nearly forty years. For more than a third of a century — the life-time of a generation — she had shared his jo^^s and his sorrows, his hopes and his fears ; had comforted and cheered him when sad, gently chided him when erring, and had yielded him the full measure of that choicest and most precious of all the treasures of this life, — a woman's love and devotion. And now, seared and decrepit with age, with the blossoms of almost fore-score winters upon his head, the veteran minister found himself approaching the land of shadows alone. No wonder is it that the old man's heart sunk within him ; that his step grew unsteady, his voice tremulous, and his eye dim ; when the full sense of his loss and his loneliness revealed itself to him. A few months afterward, we find the following record : — " At a Town meeting Dec 22. 1680, held after Lecture,-' Nathl Salton- stall, Lieut Browne, Tho Whittier, Wm White, & Danl Ela, were chosen a committee to "look out for to agree with, & obtain forthwith, & pro- cure upon the best terms they can get, some meet & able person to be a present help & assistant to Mr Ward, our minister, now in his old age, in the work of the ministy in preaching." The record tells us that this was done " by the advice of our present minister." The meeting was held " after the Lecture." Suggestive theme ! Who shall paint the picture presented to the eye at that " lec- ture ; " the humble, unpainted, unsteepled, uncushioned, organless, pic- tureless little church ; the assembled congregation ; and the white-haired minister ? All the members of his little flock were there ; — children, youth, middle-aged and old. For many, many years, he had watched over, instruct- ed, prayed for, and exhorted them ; had gone in and out among them at all times and seasons ; his bencA' olent smile, and sympathising voice, had been their comfort and solace in sickness and sorrow ; and his presence and counsel had smoothed the pathway of the departed to the tomb, and miti- gated the pangs of afflictive bereavement to the living. But his work was now almost completed ; his sands of life were fast running out ; his strong- est earthly prop had been taken away ; he was no longer able to labor o Fdi siiys, that "Lecture Day" was Thursday, when the services commenced at 11 A. M. They were superceded about 1753, by monthly lectures. Evening lectures were first held about 1740. From an early date, Friday seems to have been the Lecture Day in this town. Dr. Hezekiah Smith is said to have been the first one who held evening meetings in the town. HISTORY OF HAVERHILL. 135 with them and for them as in times past ; and, with trembling voice and tearful eye, he asks them to seek out another minister, while yet his little strength remained. The committee chosen, were also instructed to " look out a place for a convenient situation for a minister," and "to agree with anyone upon purchase or exchange of land, or if they meet not with a bargain to their mind, then to set out such of the town's common land as they shall judge most convenient for a place for the ministry." At a meeting June 24, 1681, the committee reported that not finding any suitable place upon purchase or exchange, John Haseltine senior had " given two acres to the town for the perpetual use of the ministry," and they had laid out a piece adjoining it for the same purpose. Their doings were approved, and the land granted for that purpose "forever." This land was situated north of the present Winter Street, and between Little River and the Common. The committee, at the same time, reported that they had not been able to get a new minister, and thereupon a new committee was chosen in their place, with instructions to do so, " they taking the advice of Mr. Ward, our present aged minister." Josiah Gage was agreed with, to build a house for the new minister. At the same meeting, a gallery was ordered to be immediately erected ' in the east end of the meeting-house, for " the accommodation of the ' women." We have already noticed that, in 1673, the annual salary of the school- master was discontinued. The records for several years succeeding that date are silent in regard to a school in town, and the first and only infor- mation we have been able to find relating to the subject at this period, is the following, in the records of the Ipswich Court, for March, 1681 :. — " The Court having called the presentment of Hauerill for not having a school-master, according to Law, in their Toune, & finding that there is some prouision made for the present, for teaching of children, they are re- leased upon that presentment, but the court judging that what is now done and provided by them doth not answer the law, nor is convienient to be rested in, doe order that the town before the next court at Ipswich pro- vide an able and meet schoolmaster that may constantly attend that service, as is usual in such cases, and that the scoole be kept neare the centre of the Toune." For some unexplained reason, Josiah G-age did not build a house for the new minister, according to agreement, and at the annual meeting the next ' It will be recollected that John Hut<:hin3 had previously built n gallery ftt the west end. 136 HISTORY OF HAVERHILL. year (1682) a committee was chosen to find some one else to build it. A few weeks after, (April 4) a town meeting was called, and a committee ctosen " to treat with Samuel Dal ton" or John Stockbridge for either of their houses which they have of late erected in town," for the use of the new minister. At the June meeting of the previous year, the question of building a new meeting-house was discussed. The old one was too small to accom- modate all the inhabitants, and was, moreover, much decayed. But the proposition was finally voted down, " by the additional and wilful votes of many prohibited by law from voting." The proposition adopted at that time, to build a gallery for the women, was probably a sort of compromise between the two parties. At the March meeting following, the matter was again agitated, but no action was taken. In June, another meeting was called, " at the request of Mr. Ward," to see about a new minister. At this meeting, ten pounds were raised to get one. In July, the town met to see about the " parsonage farm," and it was finally leased to Daniel Bradley, for twenty-one years. Mr. Ward's in- creasing age and feebleness were doubtless the reasons for this action, though none are given. September 18th, another meeting was called to see about a new minister. The necessity was now becoming urgent, and the matter could not be de- layed longer. After much discussion, the town voted " to proffer Mr. Jeremiah Gushing, or some other meet person that may be agreed upon, £100, in corn or provisions, besides the £60 proffered for annual salary during Mr. Ward's life." They determined that the above mentioned sums should be raised in the same way as a town rate, and should be paid " part money, part wheat, part rye, & part Indian Corn, all good, dry, sweet clean, & merchantable." The committee previously chosen were continued, "to carry on designs with Mr. Gushing, whom the town hath had some experience of."f Three weeks later, another meeting was held, at which it was voted to purchase of Samuel Simons, "his house & nine acres of land for the use * Dal ton was from Hampton. t From the last clause of this vote, it appears that Mr. Cnshinar had preached in town at some time previous, — perhaps on "exchange" with Mr. Ward. Mr. Cushin? was a son of Daniel Gushing, Esq., was horn at Hingham. Mass., July 3, 1654, and graduated at Harvard University, in 1070. He received an invitation to settle in the ministry at Haverhill, in 1682, which he declined accepting. He was after- ward invited to become the pastor of the church in Scituate, and was ordained over it May 27, 1691. He died March 22, 1705, in the fifty-first year of his age, and the fourteenth of his ministry.— Vide Histories Hinghnm, and ScituaU. HISTORY OP HAVERHILL. 137 of the ministry." The town gave Simons for his house and land, "forty acres near Fishing river, and £30 in vpheat, rye, and corn." They also voted Mr. Gushing " four cow common rights," in addition to what they had previously oflFered him, and also "twenty cords of wood at his house annually."-'' This year, for the first time, the Moderator was chosen by "a paper vote," and it was voted that in future the Selectmen should be chosen in the same manner, " one at a time." This was the commencement of vot- ing by written ballot in the choice of officers by the town.f - At the annual meeting in 1683, Francis Wainwright obtained leave for his son Simon to settle in town, and use timber to build him a house and a " ware house." This is the first mention we can find of a merchant, or trader, in town. Francis Wainwright was himself a merchant, from Ips- wich, and had three sons, — John, Simon, and Francis. Simon immediately removed here. At this meeting, the subject of Mr. Cushing's engagement was again discussed, and it was decided to send a messenger to get his answer or to have him " please to come and give us a visit, that we may receive answer from himself." It was voted to raise one-half of the one hundred pounds offered him, immediately ; and also to buy " the house where Henry Pal- mer lived & died, for the use of the ministry forever." The price paid was twenty acres of la^nd " towards Great Pond."| This was the third time the town purchased a place to be devoted to that use, " forever," and we may doubtless forever speculate as to the rea- sons why the previous bargains were not carried into effect, as the records give us no clue to a solution of the problem. In June, another meeting was called to consider about Mr. Cushing's settlement, and to see about a new meeting house. The latter subject, however, seems to have engrossed all the time of the meeting. We should judge from the records that there was no difference of opinion in regard to the need, or the expediency of building a new house, as the discussions appear to have been confined entirely to its location. Upon this question, there was a wide difference of opinion, and when the vote was taken upon the question of placing the new meeting house upon the old site, the following voted yea, viz : Serg. John Johnson, Mr. John Ward, minister, Nath'l Saltonstall, Lieut George Browne, Wm. White, Thomas Whittier, John Whittier, EobertEmer- " Twenty cords of wood per annum, waa, at that day, considered a moderate allowance for an ordinary family. t In the early days of the Colony, white and black beans were used in voting. t This is the first mention we find of that body of water, by that, or any other particular name. 18 138 HISTORY OF HAVERHILL. son, Robert Clement, Jotham Hendrick, James Davis, sen., Daniel Ela, John Page sen., and Samuel Sbeplierd. (Total 15.) The following named per- sons " were against the settling of the meeting house where the meeting house now stands (forever) , but that this meeting house that now is may stand as long as is convenient: — Thomas Davis, Daniel Lad sen., Saml Gild, Peter Ayer, Oncsipho Mash sen, John Haseltine sen, Michii Em- erson, Geo Corlis, Kob. Ford, Saml Simons, Tim Ayers, John Eobie, Saml Hutchins, John Corlis, Saml Ayer, Thos Duston John Hartshorne, Tho Ayer, Joseph Kingsberry, John Gild, Saml Kingsberry, Joseph Hutchins, Stephen Webster, Nathl Haseltine, Tho Hartshorne, Eobt Swan sen, Willm Neff, Josiah Gage,-Ezek'l Lad, Eobt Swan Jun, Philip Eastman, Henry Kemball, Joseph Johnson, Mat Harriman." (Total 34). In referring to the action of the town about the settlement of Mr. Gush- ing, the former historian of Haverhill concludes, that there was not only considerable discussion, but that it was " probably rather violent," and adds, " the excitement appears to have been great." "VVe have carefully examined the record, and are unable to find any evidence of violent dis- cussions, or gi'eat excitement, and we feel confident that such was not the case. The matters were, indeed, most important ones, and we have no doubt that the discussions were both long and earnest ; but the Eecorder gives us no hints of either violence or great excitement. Among the minor matters of this period, we find several items which may be of interest to our readers.'' In 1683, a committee was chosen to rebuild the " West Bridge, at Saw- mill Eiver, it being much dammified by the great flood of waters this spring." (This bridge stood near the present AVinter street bridge). Daniel Ela was prosecuted by his wife, for ill treatment, and the court ordered him to pay her 40s. This, however, did not prevent a continu- ance of his cruelty, as he was the next year complained of by AVilliam White, for turning his wife out of doors in a snow-storm, and shamefully abusing her. The following deposition of one of his neighbors, will ex- hibit his character: "Goodman Ela said that Goodman White was an old knave, and that he would make it cost him souse for coming to him about • The following, from Coffin's History of Nevibury, will probably apply equally as well to Haverhill, and is therefore worth inserting in this place : — " Turnips at that time, & for a half century af ler, sup- plied the place of potatoes. In 1662, the price of a cord of oalc wood, &. a bushel of turnips, was the same, namely, one shilling and sixpence. In 1702, oak wood was three shillings, & walnut five shillings a cord, and turnips from one shilling and sixpence to two shillings a bushell.(l) In 1676, turnips one shilling per bushell, hemp and butter sixpence per pound. In 1687, cotton wool was one shilling and six- pence per pound. (2) (1) John Knight's Journal. (2) Richard Bartlett's Joiirna HISTOEY OF HAVERHILL. 139 his wife, and meddling about that which was none of his business. He said that she was his servant and his slave ; and that she was no woman, but a devil in woman's apparel ; and that she should never come into his house again ; and that he would have her severely whipped, but that it would be a disgrace to him."'' John Page was licensed to keep an ordinary in town ; and William White to sell cider for three years. At the next court, Page was fined forty shillings for " selling drink to Indians."! At the town meeting, in 1683, a complaint was made against John Kee- zar, for keeping his tan-vats open, by which means, some cattle and swine belonging to his neighbors, had been destroyed. " The Moderator, in ye name of ye towne, did publiquely give sd Keezar a caution — warning and admonishing him upon his perill to secure his tan-yard and tan fatts that no damage be done by him, to other mens or his own creatures ; and in speciall that mischief may not come unto children, which may occasion his own life to come upon triall." On the 27th of October, another meeting was called to see about settling a minister. The first vote passed, was to dismiss the committee previously chosen for the purpose of finding some suitable person, and the next, was to choose a new committee, " to procure a person to join with Mr. Ward in the work of the ministry at Haverhill." This third committee consisted of Corporal! Peter Ayer, Corporal Josiah Gage, and Eobert Swan, senior. In the records of this meeting, we find the following, touching the nego- tiations with Mr. Gushing : — " The town by their former Committee having had a treaty with Mr. Gushing, in order to his settlement, and at last being denied, Lieut Browne, that the town may be j astified if they treat with any other person in order to a settlement in the ministry, gave in Mr. Cushing's two letters as his answer and refusal of our motion, that they might be entered and put upon file, with other papers belonging to the town's concernments which are on file." This is the last reference we find to Mr. Gushing in the records. The Recorder does not state what his reasons were for declining to come, and as the letters above mentioned are now lost, we are left entirely in the dark concerning them. We feel confident, however, that his refusal was not given on account of any division or excitement among the people of the town, though Mirick so intimates in his History of Haverhill. '^ Court Records. f Ibid. X If any of our readers feel disposed to smile at the prominence given to military titles, by onr ances- tors, let them please remember, that, in these " latter day^," nearly every man is addressed by some title. Those who cannot claim a higher one, are usually addressed as •' Esq." 140 HISTORY OF HAVERHILL. At the next annual meeting (1684) Daniel Ela and William Starlin made " a proffer to the town, to sell their livings, house & laud, for a situ- ation for a minister or the ministry," and a committee was chosen to treat with them "in the time of intermission, before the afternoon," and re- port. Upon the committee's report, the town declined the proffer of Ela, as "too difficult to comply with & perform," and decided to treat further with Starlin. For the latter purpose, the committee was ordered to con- fer with him again, and report at an adjourned meeting, the next day. The next day, the town voted to give Starlin one hundred pounds for his house and land, provided he would give them a " sufficient legal convey- ance " of the same. His pay was as follows : — " Ten acres of land at the Fishing river, near to Eobert Emerson's." which was to be laid out convenient " for the setting up of a corn mill there," at three pounds per acre ; and the remaining seventy pounds to be paid in merchantable com, in two several payments, for which a rate was then ordered to be laid. The town expressly reserved the right to allow any other person or per- sons to put up mills on the same stream, and also stipulated that in setting down his dam he should not hinder the passage of the fish up the river to the pond, " at the season of the year when they come to pass up." From the record of the same meeting we copy the following : " A complaint being made to the town for want of room in the meeting house, for the women, convenient when they come to hear the word of God preached, and that care be speedily taken about the same : The town (by their act upon June 24, 1681, having taken care for such a galery, and appointed persons to take care thereof, and get it to be made at the towns cost) do refer this matter to the said committee, empowering them to get the same built, desiring them forthwith to proceed upon the work to have it finished, that no excuse of that kind be made by any persons that do, or shall absent themselves from the public worship of God." From the above, we are led to presume, that the committee had neglected to build the gallery on account of the probability of a new meeting-house being soon erected. As they were now ordered to proceed at once in the work, it appears as though the proposition for a new one was given up for the present. In the summer of this year, (July 80, 1684,) a town meeting was called to see about the seating of the inhabitants in the meeting house, " altera- tions and divers deaths " having made some new arrangements necessary, and the selectmen were made a committee " for the new seating or placing of persons in the seats in the meeting house." It was voted, that if any of the inhabitants refused to occupy the seats assigned them by the se- let'tiuen, they should " forfeit a fine of twelve pence in com " for each HISTORY OF HAVERHILL. 141 day's neglect or refusal : and, " to prevent any olijection of others," an- other committee was chosen to seat the selectmen ! Mirick, in noticing the above, says, — " It is evident, from the language of the Eecorder that some epidemic prevailed about this time, though we have no other account of it." We are surprised that, with the record be- fore him, he should have drawn such an inference. It had now been about thirty years since the seats were first assigned, and in that period great changes had naturally been made in families by " alterations and divers deaths," and we see no evidence or hint that favors the adoption of any other theory in explaining the above-mentioned action of the town. A change in the mode of voting for Selectmen was adopted at the annual meeting this year, the record of which is not without interest: — " It is ordered that at this present meeting, and so for the future till this act is orderly repealed, every one that is presented at the town meeting for, and hath power or liberty of voting in the choice of Selectmen for the follow- ing year shall bring in his votes for five several distinct persons in one paper at one time, cut between the names, so that they may hang together ; and when all the papers so brought in are sorted, those five men that have the greatest number of votes, as it is usual in the public elections on ISTomi- nations for the country shall be the men who are chosen to serve for the Selectmen for the year ensuing. "'•••= In 1683, Job Clement of Dover, son of the late Job Clement of this town, applied to the town to lay out some laud to him upon his father's house lot accommodation ; but, " upon discourse," several persons affirmed that the land had already been laid out, and as "Daniel Ela affirmed openly that Mr Job Clement in his life time did say with reference to his three acres of accommodations, that Theoph. Satchwell who had been at law with him, had cheated him of it all," the town refused his request. In 1684, Clement renewed his application, and the " matter being long discoursed," the town again refused to acknowledge his claim. After the Selectmen for 1685 were chosen, it was found that a major- ity were not freemen," as a law of the colony required, and " without reflection or disrespect, Daniel Bradley was left out, and Josiah Gage chosen in his room." The same year, a highway was laid out "from Almsbury meeting house by Country Bridge to Haverhill." It was a " beaten " way before, but had not been regularly laid out. A highway was also laid out " above Spicket as far as Haverhill lands go in that direction." One had been previously laid out in the latter direction, but being little used, it had become " uncertain." <* In 1687, this regulation was repealed, and " the former ancient practice of putting in for but one per- son at a time ordered to be attended to." 142 HISTORY OF HAVERHILL. John Keyzar, to whom land was granted in 1674, on condition that he came and " set up his trade of tanner " in town, (which land was " con- firmed to him" in 1682) made application this year for liberty to sell it; but the town informed him that " they did and do expect the conditions therein mentioned to be attended, or else the said John may leave the same to the Town, with the buildings and improvements by him made thereon, to the Town for public use." The Town Records of this year, for the first time, state that the meet- ings were called by the " writ of the selectmen, published and placed on file." They were published by aflSixing a copy of the warrant to the door of the meeting house. I'or ten years preceding this, we find no allusion in the Town Records to the subject of a school, and only one elsewhere, — that in the Ipswich Court Records of 1681. From this, and the record of the meeting men- tioned below, we infer that there was no regular school in town during those years. On the 9th of November, of this year, a meeting was called, "in order to a supply and the providing a fit person to keep school in this Town, and make it his only employ to instruct the children or young men, or any of the inhabitants of Haverhill in reading, and in writing, and in cyphering," and the selectmen were voted full power to provide such a person, and agree with him to keep school until the next annual meeting, provided they did not agree "to give him on the public account more than Four pounds in corn till that time." Under the same date, we find the following agree- ment, which is well worth preserving : — " We wliose names are underwritten have agreed with Mr James Chad- wick to keep the school, to endeavour to teach such as shall resort to him, as they shall desire to read, or write, or cypher, or all of them, until the next annual meeting in February next : For which service of his he shall be paid by the town in general three pounds in corn, besides what he shall have, or agree with the scholars for ; or their parents, or masters ; or for want of agreement the said Mr Chadwick in his demands not to exceed what usually is paid in other places for schooling, viz : To have by the week — For a Reader 00:04, & for a writer 00:06. Dated November 9th, 1685, By us Robt Aycr ") Ste Dow i- Selectmen. Josi'h GrageJ and consented unto by the other 2. Jna Page Jun } Select Sim Wainwrioht \ men " HISTORY OF HAVERHILL. 143 At the next annual meeting, the selectmen were directed "to agree with Mr Chadwick, or any other person, to make it his employ to keep school in Haverhill for the year ensuing." In the spring of 1686, a road was laid out from Eowley to Haverhill. It was laid out eight rods wide. In answer to a petition from the Selectmen, the Court empowered them to '"bind out young ones into sarvice," — provided their indentures met the approval of " worshipful Major Saltoustall." At the annual meeting, Daniel Ela proffered to sell his housing and land by the meeting house " to the town for a parsonage, and take as part pay, the house and laud the town had previously purchased of Wm Star- lin ; but, after much discourse, the town refused to treat with him. At the same time, John Gild charged Lieut. Johnson, in open town meeting, with attemptiug tx) cheat him, by altering the bounds of land at Flaggy meadow, and taking in "near 40 or 50 acres." As the Lieutenant " con- fessed in part," the town chose a committee to look into the matter. The Lieutenant was not, however, the only one in town who wanted more land than belonged to him, as Serg't John Page and Mr. Simon Wainwright, "by virtue of an order from the Selectmen," the previous year, "to search after and find out them that had trespassed upon the Town's ways and common lands by their fencing of them in," gave in the following names : — Joseph Greelee, Joseph Peasely, Saml Pearson, Saml Shepherd, Daniel Ela, Edwd Brumidge, Sergt Johnson, Peter Patie, Lt, Browne or S Ford, Benj Singletery, John Gild, Eobt Swan, Stephen Davis, Dan: Hen- drick, Jno Davis, Edwd Clarke, Stephen Dow, Abra. Belknap, Thos Davis, John Whittier. But even this large array of names did not include the whole, for at the same meeting, the Eecorder informs us, " Piobt Swan sen presented a mo- tion to the Town for buying of their own lands which they had purchased of the Indians, and had grants for from the General Court : and was laid out in particular lots by the Town's allotment." Swan's motion was, that, — " Whereas there was a certain tract of land purchased of Pumpasano- way alais Old Will, an Indian, by John Endicot of Boston, Gentu, eldest son to Gov Endicot, The which land was sold by Jno Endicot to Walter Barefoot, Esq, as appears bj' firm deeds under hand and seal, from one to the other of the above said conveyors. This laud being part of it in the bounds of Haverhill near Spicket Eiver. It being now in my hands to dispose of. as I can make it appear, I think it expedient that a proposition be made to the town in the first place. That if they please to buy that 144: HISTORY OF HAVERHILL. part of it wliich is within Haverhill line, they may have it at a reasonahle rate, or if they please to accept it now, before it be otherwise disposed of, or if they Avill buy that which is granted to particular men and laid out to them ; If the Town will buy the whole tract of land they shall have it for 2 shillings per acre, or if they will give acre for acre of land and meadow where they and I shall agi'ee, it shall content me. Eobert Swan, sen." The Eecorder adds, that, — "Considerable discourse was had about Eobt Swan's motion, which was unanimously opposed with manifestation of great dislike of 11 Swan's pro- ceedings and because he showed no original title, but only a blank, j^retended to be Mr Endicot's title : and because of the Town's present being in pos- session, and having so been according to the law of possession. The town declares that till they be dispossessed by law they will not buy of K Swan or of any other, but will hold what they account their own." Upon this. Swan desired the town to have laid out to him those lands which he could make appear to be legally due him, but which he declared had been kept from him twenty -three or twenty-four years by George Browne.'* He further declared, that he had often labored to have it done, but could neither have the lands laid out, or any satisfactory answer con- cerning the same, and that he was much reproached, and also impoverished by the malignity of Lieutenant Browne's spirit towards him. In reply to this, the town directed Swan " to make his right appear, & then justice should be done to him as to other men." Swan then asked that the town " would call Lieut Browne, James Davis, and himself, to an account for their actions since they were appointed to lay out and rectify lands," at the same time delaring that there had been " such irregular actions done as may cause the children yet unborn to curse us hereafter," This " was spoken to, but no vote passed by the Town to do anything in it." Lieutenant Browne's turn now came, and he plumply charged Goodman Swan with having told him a wrong story about a certain brook, on ac- count of which Browne had laid out more land to Swan than he was entitled to. Upon this, the Eecorder adds, " several words, and some of them hard, passed, but there was no further proceed in order to further enquiry, and it being late and past time for a vote, the Moderator declared that the meeting was at an end, or dissolved, with respect to the present session." At the next meeting, Swan asked the town to confirm to him a piece of meadow land, and his fourth division of land, "which he had laid out for * Browne was one of the town's " lot layers." HISTORY OF HAVERHILL. 145 himself." Tte town rejected his proposal, and protested against this, and all such acts, by whomsoever done. Notwithstanding these matters of dispute. Swan evidently had the con- fidence of the town, for the very next vote, at the same meeting, placed him on a committee to run disputed and uncertain bounds, — a most im- portant office. Browne, however, " openly declared that he would not any longer stand as a lot-layer," and Thomas Whittier was chosen inhis place. Swan was evidently too much for him. We find the following among the records of births, marriages, and deaths, for 168G: — "Elizabeth Emerson, single-woman, had Dorothy, born April 10 — 86 ; and a second time, though never married, Twins, born May 8 — 9 1 , who were both made away with privately, and found dead May 10 — 91." The Eecorder then says : — "The Mother lay long in prison, bitt at the long run, in the year 1G91, as I take it, was executed at Boston for the murthering of the two babes, or one of them."'"' About this time, a rule was adopted requiring all petitions to the town to be in writing. A law of the General Court required all swine running at large to be yoked, and also to have two rings in their snout, but allowed towns a dis- cretion in the matter of yoking. This town decided that they might go unyoked, if their owners would be responsible for damages. At the annual meeting for 1687, Joseph Peasely, being chosen constable for the ensuing year, " by bringing in of paper votes,"f " made his plea for freedom," which not being granted, he moved that a second constable be chosen, — " because the Town was large and many lived remote so that one man could not well do the work of warning meetings and gathering of rates alone." This last request was granted, and John Ayer, junior, chosen second constable. It was left to them to divide their wards and their work, as they might themselves agree. It seems, however, that they could not agree, and the town released Ayer, and thus compelled Peasely to do all the work alone. A few years later, two constables were regularly chosen, and from that time, two continued to be chosen annually for many years. The following shows the great value the town at this time placed upon its fisheries : — " In answer to the proposition of some, and the universal desire of the people, that care, by an order, might be taken that fish might not, by Dams » The Recorder was correct. The father of the childi-en, was Samuel Ladd, a married man, and then tha father of eight children by his lawful wife, — the two youngest tivins ! Elizabeth was the daughter of Michael Emerson, and the one he kicked and beat so shamefully in 1674. t This was the &-st time any otticers, except Moderator and Selectmen, were chosen by written ballot. 19 146 HISTORY OF HATERHILL. and Wiers, made in the Sawmill Eiver, or Fishing River, or any other, be stopped of the usual course up to the Pond, but have free passage up the Kiver in this Town : " The Town declares that they expect there shall be free passage for fish up the Sawmill River and Fishing River and all other Rivers, brooks and creeks in this Town, in all suitable seasons of the year for their getting up to the Pond to spawn, and in special in the night time ; and to that end do order that no man shall make a dam, or suffer his dam so to stop any passage the fish used to have to the Ponds or Pond, without leaving his dam or "VYier or other device open in the night time for the fish." Similar reasons to those that led them to seek the preservation of their fisheries, also induced them to make vigorous efforts to increase their flocks. We are unable to say when sheep were first introduced into the town, but it is probable that a few were owned by the inhabitants at an early period of its settlement. The first mention we find of them in the Town Records, is under date of 1684, when "the proprietors of the Great Plain thinking to lay down the said field for some years to be improved for a sheep pasture," the town gave them leave to fence it, choose oflBcers, and make all necessary regulations for that purpose. •' The next mention of them, is the following, in 1687 : — " It being the interest and desire of the inhabitants, for the sake of back, belly and purse, to get into a stock, and a way to keep a stock of sheep, in which all endeavours hitherto have been invalid and of no effect ; For a further trial : The Selectmen have hereby power granted them to call forth the inhabitants capable of labor with suitable tools, and in suit- able companies about Michaelmass, to clear some land at the town's end, sides, or skirts ; as they in their discretion shall think meet to direct, to make it capable and fit for sheep to feed upon with the less hazzard : and he that is warned as above, and doth not accordingly come and attend the service, shall pay a fine of 2s per day." From the above it is evident that the " hazzard " of sheep raising was occasioned by the ravages of wolves among the flocks. We have already alluded to the trouble these pests occasioned the settlers. In addition to the bounty paid by the colony for their destruction, this town (and others) for a long time paid forty shillings for every wolf killed in the town. In 1685, Amesbury repealed this additional bounty, and, to prevent fraud, this town soon afterward did the same, but still allowed the selectmen to o Coffin, in his History of Neivbury, estimates that there were in that town, in 1685, over five thousand sheep. The owners in the several neigliborhoods clubbed together, hired a shepherd, and by means of portable fences, oi "gates," took turns in pasturing them, — thus enriching their corn land. HISTORY OF HAVERHILL. 147 pay such sums as they should agree upon in particular cases. This plan did not prove satisfactoi-y, however, and two years afterward a regular bounty of fifteen shillings was voted to any person who should kill a full grown wolf within the town's bounds, and seven shillings sixpence for each young one. The liberal bounty paid for their destruction, ultimately had the desired effect, and the flodis of the settlers were permitted to multiply without their molestation. '•= <* In 1696, Timotliy Eaton petitioned the town to grant him a bounty, more than the country allowed, for killing a full grown she-wolf on the ox-common. The town granted him ten shillings " for tilling said wolf since he declares it was a bitch wolf and that she will not bring any more whelps." 1-18 HISTORY OF HAVERHILL, CHAPTER XII. INDIAN TROUBLES. PROM 1688 TO 1695. In 1688, a fresh Indian war broke out on the frontiers of New England, As a pretense for commencing iiostilities, the Indians charged the English with neglecting to pay the tribute of corn, which had been stipulated by the treaty of 1678;='' obstructing the fish in Saco river with seines; de- frauding them in trade, and with granting their lands without their con- sent."f The French used every effort to inflame their resentment, in order to revenge the recent injuries they had themselves received from the English. I The first acts of hostility commenced at North Yarmouth, by killing cattle, and threatening the people. This was followed by robbery, and capturing the inhabitants. To add to the distresses and troubles of the Massachusetts colonists, they also found themselves involved in difficulties relating to their charter. Complaints had from time to time been made in England against the colon- ists, and in the height of the distresses of Phillip's ivar, and while the colony were contending with the natives for the possession of the soil, these complaints were renewed with -vigor. An inquiry was set on foot, and followed, from time to time, until 1684, when judgment was given against their charter. In 1686, a commission arrived, appointing a presi- dent and council to administer the government. This administration was, however, short, and in December of the same year. Sir Edmund Andres arrived with a commission for the government of all the New England colonies, except Connecticut. It was stipulated, in this treaty, that the inhabitants should return to their deserted settlements, on conditioR of paying one peck of corn annually, for each family, by way of acknowledgment to the Indians for the possession of their lands. t Belknap 1, 242. J France and England were early competitors in America. Each claimed a portion of its territory, assumed jurisdiction, and attempted its colonization. Their rivalry and hatred had existed for centu- ries — it was indeed hereditary, — and in consequence of it, the New England colonies were early in- volved in difficulties. Acadia and Canada were wrested from the French in 1029, but were restored by the treaty of St. Germain, in 1632. Acadia was again conquered in 16i)i, but restored by the treaty of Breda, in 1069. In 1066, tlie conquest of Canada was a second time attempted, but without success; and again in 16S6, with a like result. These difficulties continued until the peace of Utrecht, in IT IS. , In 17i4, war again broke out between France and England, and continued until the reduction of Canada, in 1700, and the treaty of Pails, 1703. During these wars, the colonies were continually involved, and severely suffiired. HISTORY OF HAVERHILL. 149 The administration of Andros was most arbitrary and oppressive. The Press was restrained ; public thanksgiving, without an order from the Crown, was prohibited ; fees of all officers were increased ; and the peo- ple were even compelled to petition for new patents for their lands, for which patents they were obliged to pay exorbitant prices." As a conse- quence of these, and many other equally oppressive and arbitrary proceed- ings, the Colonists were greatly disquieted, and excited. In September, 1689, a Special Justices' Coui't was ordered, to "make inquiry in the several towns of Gloster, Haverhill, & Boxford, and ex- amine and binde over such persons as have beene Factious & Seditious there and contemptuously refused to obey and execute the warrants of the Trea- surer." In the language of Andros himself, " there was no such thing as a town in the whole country ; " and to assemble in town meeting for purposes of deliberation was esteemed an act of sedition and riot. The unhappy state of affairs at this period may be further judged from the following illustra- tions, which we find among the original papers in the State Archives : — In the winter of 1688—9, Joseph Emerson and Jacob Whiticker, of this town, were pressed as soldiers for Andros, and sent in the expedition to Pemaquid. Their depositions, given afterward, before Nathaniel Salton- stall, Assistant, show that the soldiers of the tyrant were most shamefully abused, and maltreated. Simon Wainwright, of this town, had twenty- seven barrels of cider taken from him, by the excise officers of Andros. f Onisephorous Mash, constable of Haverhill, was forced to pay five pounds three shillings, in money, for the drawing up of a bond for him to appear at Salem, because the town had not appointed a commissioner on rates to meet at the shire town to assist in making rates for the county. Daniel Bradley, one of the Selectmen, was forced to pay five pounds, one shilling, for a similar bond, on the same case. Such was the unfortunate condition of the colonists, when troubles again broke out with the Indians, in 1688. To quell the disturbance, Andros, with seven or eight hundred men, marched into the eastern country, in November, and built several forts ; and though many of his men died by hardships and exposure, not one Indian was killed, or even seen. They had all retired into their distant winter quarters. J * One of the first acts of Andros was to le\-y a tax of twenty pence on each poll, and one penny in the pound upon "all the late colonies and provinces toward defraying the public charges of the government." Some towns asked to he excused from paying the tax, and others refused. Haverhill, Salisbury, Rowley, and Andover, were iined for their contumacy. t It appears that Wainwright made twenty barrels in 1G8S, from the produce of his own orchard. X Joseph Emerson and Jacob Whiticker, of this town, were pressed as soldiers lor this expedition. 150 HISTORY OP HAVERHILL. With the opening of spring, the situation of the settlers again became critical. None knew when or where another attack would he made, and we need not wonder that their hearts were oppressed with the gloomiest forebodings. The following extract, from a letter of Samuel Ayer, con- stable of Haverhill, to the General Court, under date of February 11, 1689 ', — in answer to a citation for the town to appear and answer to the charge of " withholding the one half of their proportion of rates," — touch- ingly represents the condition of the town : — " I pray you consider our poor condition. There are many that have not corn to pay their rates, many more which have not money : to strainf I know not what to take : we are a great way from any market, to make money of auigh thing we have : and now there is not anigh way to trans- port to other places : I pray consider our poor condition." Early in April, news reached Boston that William, Prince of Orange, had invaded England, and dethroned the King. Animated with the hope of deliverance, the people rushed to arms ; took possession of the fort ; seized Andros, and other obnoxious characters ; placed them in confine- ment, and organized a Council of Safety. % The latter immediately sent circulars to the several towns, recommending that delegates be chosen by each, to assemble in convention at Boston on the 9th of the following month, to advise with the Council. The following was the answer of this town : — " Haverhill May 20, 1689. By an express from ye council for safety, &c, dated May ye 10th 1689. The Town being meet do unanimously, nemine contradicente, declare yt they think it most eligible & safe to wait for information from ye Crown in England, according to promise, & declaration, so yt we may ye better know wt we may at present do ; & do pray yt ye Council, now in being for Safety of ye people, & Conservation of ye Peace do take care effect- ually in all publique affaires, «& in all imergences. And we do hereby further declare yt we will be assistant in ye charges yt shal come unto, both wh our persons and estates, so yt ye Persons that are or shal be put into Hold§ be effectually secured, & have not too full a libertie of visitors, either made or Eemade, whereby they may escape, wc we hear hath been attempted. This was read, voted & passed, nemine contradicente, as attest N Saltonstall Kecordr." ° State Archives. t Restrain. X Xathaniel Saltonstall was chosen one of this connciL § Jail, or prison. HISTORY OF HAVERHILL. 151 Cornet Peter Ayerwas chosen to represent Haverhill at the Convention." Scarcely had the colonists recovered from their surprise at this sudden change of affairs in their government, when their attention was again called to the necessity of further protection against the Indians. The fol- lowing, from 3Iinck, is well worth inserting in this place : — " The Indians, for some time past, had been hovering over the town in such a manner as kept the inhabitants in continual alarm. Small parties were almost daily seen traversing the adjacent woods, and slyly approach- ing the farm-houses in search of plunder. The friendly intercourse that had existed so many years between them was broken, and open hostility succeeded. So early as 1675, the fortifications around the meeting-house were repaired, and in the following year we find that Ephraim Kingsbury was slain ; but it was in the summer of this year that they commenced the work of murder and desolation in good earnest. The tawny savage sharpened his knife and tomahawk for the work of blood, and glutted his imagination with the atrocities he should commit. The war began — the fierce and inhuman contest on the part of the savages. It proceeded, and what deeds of valor were performed — what acts of chivalry graced the lives of our Fathers ! The plaided Highlander, armed -with his claymore and battle-axe, was not more heroic ; the stern and determined patriot, who rallied beneath the banner of AVallace, was no braver ; the enthusi- astic Crusader, who fought and bled on the plains of the Holy Land, never exhibited a more fearless and undaunted spirit. Some of their deeds have been emblazoned on the page of history ; but many of them, until now, have been permitted to rest in obscurity. There was but little genuine bravery among the savages ; and, in fact, we do not recollect one instance of the kind, on their part, where pure, high-souled and chivalrous courage was displayed, during the whole war, — a period of nearly thirty years. But they were generally cruel, vindictive and treacherous. Such aged and infirm persons as were unable to perform a journey through the wilderness, were generally despatched. Infants, soon as they became troublesome, had their mouths filled with burning embers, or their brains dashed out against the nearest stone or tree. But we have one thing to record which speaks highly in their favor ; that is, '-' The people of Massachusetts soon applied for the restoration of their charter, or the grant of a new one. A definite answer was deferred, but the council was authorized to administer the government ac- cording to the old charter, till further directions were given. A new charter was received in 1692. By this charter, the appointment of the governor was in the crown, and ever)' freeholder of forty shillings sterling a year, and every inhabitant of forty pounds sterling, personal estate, was allowed to vote for representatives. 152 HISTORY OP HAVERHILL. the modesty with which they generally treated their captive women. We do not recollect of but one instance-' where they attempted to abuse their chastity in word or action. f Haverhill was a frontier town for ncai-ly seventy years, and but few towns suffered so severely from the Indians. At this period we can have but a faint conception of the sufferings of the inhabitants. Surrounded with an immense and mostly unexplored forest — thinly scattered over a large tract of land — and constantly exposed to the attacks of savage hordes, are circumstances which have made us wonder, why they should continue to march onward and onward into the wilderness, terrific for its extent, and unfurl the banner of civilization under the very shadow of the enemy's wigwam. The contests between them and the savages, were not like those between civilized nations ; but it was a war for extermination on one side, characterized with acts of the basest cruelty and revenge for defence on the other. The foeraen frecjuently fought hand to hand ; the bloody frays were frequent and sometimes long. The Indians made their attacks slyly, and cautiously approached their enemy by skulking behind the intervening objects, until they came so near that they felt perfectly sure of their victim. At other times, they would fall upon the inhabitants before the break of day, and barbarously slaugh- ter them while they were unprepared to defend themselves. The people always went armed to their daily labor, and on the sabbath they were seen on their way to Church, with a psalm-book in one hand, and a gun, loaded and primed, in the other. l?ut even then, while kneeling beneath the roof of the sanctuary, they were not safe ; if they went into the fields at noontide, with their spades and mattocks, their foes were behind them ; if they slept within their dwellings when the sun had gone down, the darkness would not protect them ; but ere the light had stole upon the east, their blood, and the blood of their beloved, might pool together upon their hearths. In summer and winter, at the budding and searing of the leaf, they were alike exposed to hardships and to death. Some of the most heroic deeds accomplished by the inhabitants of this town, were performed by women, — by those whose limbs were not made to " This was in the case of Mrs. Hannah Duston, when her captors told her that she, and her companions, mnst be stripped naked, and run tlic gauntlet. t Testimonies in favnr of the savages, in this particular, arc very frequent. Mary Rowlandson, who was taken prisoner at Lancaster, in 1G75, says in her narrative, (page 35), — "I have been in the midst , of these roaring lions and savage bears, that feared neither God nor man, nor the devil, by day and night, alone and in company, sleeping all sorts together, and yet not one'of them ever ollered me the least abuse of uuchastity in word or action.'' Elizabeth Hanson, who was captured in Dover, in 1724, says in her narrative, that " the Indians are very crivil towards their captive women, not offering any incivility by any indecent carriage." Charlevoix, speaking of the Indians of Canada, says, (letter 7) "there is no example that a.Dy have taken the least liberty with the French women, even when they were their prisoners." HISTORY OF HAVERHILL. 153 T^ield the weapons of war, — ^whose hearts could never exult in a profusion of blood, — and whose sphere of usefulness, of honor and of glory, was in the precincts of the domestic circle." Dover was the first to suffer. On the night of the 27th of June, the garrisons were attacked, twenty-three persons killed, and twenty-nine cap- tured. Before the neighboring people could be collected, the Indians had withdrawn, with their captives and their plunder, toward Canada. In August, a party of Indians fell upon the settlement at Oyster Eiver (Durham, N. H.) and killed eighteen persons. On the loth of the same month, a small party made their appear- ance in the northerly part of this town, and killed Daniel Brad- ley. They then went to the field of Nathaniel Singletary, near by, where he and his oldest son were at work. They approached in their slow and serpent-like manner, until they came within a few rods, when they shot Singletary, who fell and died on the spot; his son attempted to es- cape, but was quickly overtaken and made prisoner. The Indians then scalped Singletary, and commenced a hasty retreat ; but their prisoner soon eluded their vigilance, and returned to his home, on the same day, to make glad the hearts of his afflicted relatives, Nathaniel Singletary was a " squatter " on the parsonage lands. The marks of the cellar of his house are still to be seen, on the land now owned by Benjamin Kim- ball, on the Parsonage Eoad — a short distance northwest from the gate. Bradley was killed on the " Parsonage Eoad," not far from the present Atkinson Depot.'' About the same time, two men were also killed at Andover. These forays caused the inhabitants of the town again to . appeal to the General Court, for assistance in the work of watchfulness, and de- fence,! and on the 29th of the same month, the " Ipswich Horse" were ordered to this town, as a place of rendezvous for forces going to meet the enemy. The savages again made their appearance, on the 17th of the following October, when they wounded and made prisoner of Ezra Eolfe,J who died three days after being taken. " On the 30th of September, 1690, the following petition of his son, Daniel, was addressed to the Court: "To the honord cortt now siting att ipswige this may signify to 3-our honors that whereas bytheprouvi- dcnce of Gid my father Daniel Bradly was slaine by the hand of the heathen and left no will as to the deposing of his outward estatte I request his brother Joseph may be appointed administrator. DANIEL BRADLEY." (1) This request was granted. (1) This name does not appear in the Town Records among the children of the above Daniel Bradley, t Men had been previously stationed in town, as garrison guards; but in July, (22d) apart of them (those from Rowley) had been ordered home, on account of the •' busy season of the year.'' — flist. Rowley, X Rojfe lived not far from the present North Parish Meeting-house. 20 154 HISTORY OF nAVEEHILL. No further attacks were made by the Indians that year, and the inhabi- tants began to hope that they might be spared a repetition of the bloody work. Toward the latter part of 1689, Rev. Benjamin Eolfe, of Newbury, be- gan to preach in town, as an assistant to Mr. Ward, and, as it seems, with general acceptance,-' At a town meeting, January 20, 1690, called " to see about getting a minister to join with Mr. Ward," it was voted to give Mr. Eolfe *' forty pounds per annum in Wheat, Rye and Indian," to join and assist Mr. Ward, and after Mr, Ward's death, the town would "farther allow what shall be rational." According to the Recorder, there was "grand opposition " to the above vote, and it was finally declared " not to stand." The record intimates, that " Mr. Ward and his son Saltonstall" left the meeting, on account of the opposition to the vote. While they were ab- sent, the town voted to pay Mr. Eolfe the above sum for one year, and his diet, or board, and that Mr. Ward should have his full salary, provided he, at his own cost, boarded Mr, Eolfe. After a few months of comparative quiet, the colonists were again startled by the intelligence that the French and their savage allies were busily^ preparing for a renewal of their bloody work with the opening of spring. The prospects of the inhabitants of the frontier towns were indeed gloomy. At the annual meeting, nothing was done, except to elect officers. Who can weigh the load of fear and anxiety that rested upon the hearts of our fathers, as they contemplated the dark future before them ? But little time was left them for suspcnsse. Anon the news came that a large body of the enemy had attacked the beautiful village of Schnectady, New York, massacred sixty of its inhabitants, captured twenty-seven more, and reduced the town to ashes ! Hardly had the people realized tlie fear- ful import of the intelligence, when another herald announced an attack on Salmon Falls, and the murder of twenty-seven of its inhabitants, while fifty-two others had been hui'ried away into captivity. No time was to be lost ! On the 24th of March, a meeting was held, " to consider what ie to be done for the present security of the place against the enemy, by sending for help abroad, or to drmo off. " After voting the selectmen " full powers in all respects," the Recorder informs us that " a small discourse was opened about the then state of the Town, how to stand against the Enemy, *> Mr. Eolfe was chaplain to the forces sent to Fnlmoutb, Maine, from July 14th to November 14thf 1689, and probably came to this town soon after his rctivrn from that Province. — State Arch. Vol. il, p. 49. HISTORY OF HAVERHILL. 155 and to see for a livelyhood for hereafter, if lives of the people should he spared ; But it soon ceased and was given over, and nothing done that was to satisfaction in that affair, the people heing out of a way for their own suhsistence ; and therefore the Moderator declared the meeting closed." Eeader, mark the deep significance of that language. So imminent to them seemed the danger, and so feeble th« resistance that they could offer, unaided and alone, that it was seriously debated, whether it was not best to draw off — to abandon the town entirely, and seek safety in some less exposed place ! How must the mother's heart have sunk within her, when the husband and father returned from that meeting, with no word of hope or comfort for herself or her little ones. As the sun withdrew that day, and left the hills and valleys of Pentucket enshrouded in darkness, so the bright sun of hope withdrew from the hearts of its inhabitants, and left them buried in the dark shadows of despondency, and feai-ful appre- hension. As a means of defense, the selectmen appointed six garrisons, and four •"houses of refuge."-'- One of the garrisons was commanded by Sergeant John Haseltine. This house stood on the north side of the road, about half way up Pecker s Hill, and a few rods northwesterly from that for- merly occupied by Samuel Pecker. Haseltine had seven men under his command: — Onesiphorus Marsh, sen., Onisephorus Marsh, jun., Nathan- iel Haseltine, Ebcn Webster, Joseph Holt, Thomas Ayer, and Joseph Bond. This garrison was owned by Onesiphorus ]\Iarsh, sen., who was the an- cestor of those of that name in this town. The first notice we have of him, is in 1684, when he built the house above described.! He owned the principal part of that hill, and for many years it was known by the name of Marsh's Hill. The name was once generally spelt Mash. Another ac- count states that the garrison was commanded by Jonathan Marsh. Another was commanded by Sergeant John Webster ; this, Mirick sup- posed, was the brick house which stands on the bank of the river, three fourths of a mile east of the bridge, and formerly occupied by Widow Nathaniel Whittier, but now owned and occupied by Joseph B, Spiller ; but, as that house was not built until 1724, 3iirick must have been mis- taken. It was, perhaps, located somewhere in that vicinity. Webster had eight men under his command : — Stephen Webster, Samuel Watts Nicholas Brown, Jacob Whittaker, John Marsh, Eobert Ford, Samuel Ford, and Thomas Kingsbury. <» It is not certain that all these were appointed at that time, but most probably they were. t Perhaps he came from Hingham, as we find the same name in that town, in 1674. 156 HISTOEY OF HAVERHILL. The third ^ras owned and commanded by Jonathan Emerson ; a part of it is now standing on the northwest corner of Winter and Harrison streets. The fourth was commanded by James Ayer, and stood nearly opposite the house of the late Captain John Ayer, 2d, on Pond street. The fifth was commanded by Joseph Bradley, and was situated in the northerly part of the town, not far from the house of the late Zebulon Sar- gent ; it was long since torn down, and no traces of it now remain. The sixth was owned and commanded by Captain John White ; and was situated near the ' * White " house, on Mill street. He had six men under his command: — Stephen Dow, sen., Stephen Dow, jun., John Dow, Edward Brumidge, Israel Hendrick, Israel , jun, Two brick houses, belonging to Joseph and Nathaniel Peaslee, in the easterly part of the town, and the houses of Major Nathaniel Saltonstall and Captain Simon Wainwright, were appointed for houses of refuge. A few soldiers were stationed in them, who were under the command of the owners. Two watch-houses were erected, one of which stood near the house occupied by the late John Dow, on Main street, .and the other was on the bank of the river, a few rods east of the " Duncan Place," on Water street. The houses of Joseph and Nathaniel Peaslee are yet standing ; the former was owned by the late Nathan Sawyer, and stands a short distance east of the latter, which is now owned and occupied by Captain Jesse Newcomb, and is situated about two miles east of Haverhill Bridge. Tlie house of Mr. Saltonstall stood on the site of that of the Widow Samuel W. Duncan. That of Captain Simon Wainwright, stood on the site of the " Emerson House," opposite Winter Street Church. The school-house, which stood on what is now Pentucket Cemetery, was also used for the same pm-pose. A guard of soldiers was stationed in each of these houses, who were on the look-out for the enemy, night and day. Besides these garrisons, and houses of refuge, many private houses were barracaded, and the inhabitants generally were prepared for any emergency. " Most of the garrisons, and two of the houses of refuge, (those beloug- ing to Joseph and Nathaniel Peaslee) were built of brick, and were two stories high ; those that were not built of this material, had a single laying of it between the outer and inner walls. They had but one outside door, which was often so small that but one person could enter at a time ; their windows were about two feet and a half in length, eighteen inches in breadth, and were secured on the inside with iron bars. Their glass was very small, cut in the shape of a diamond, was extremely thick, and fas- tened in with lead instead of putty. There were generally but two rooms in the basement story, and tradition says that they entered the chamber HISTORY OP HAVERHILIi. 157 with the help of a ladder, instead of stairs, so that the inmates could re- treat into them, and take it up if the basement-story should be taken by the enemy. Their fire-places were of such enormous sizes, that they could burn their wood sled-length, very conveniently ; and the ovens opened on the outside of the building, generally at one end, behind the fire-place ; and were of such dimensions that we should suppose a suflScient quantity of bread might have been baked in them to supply a regiment of hungry mouths. It was truly an age of terror with these hardy and courageous men ; and their descendants can have but a faint idea of the difficulties they encoun- tered, and of the dangers that continually hung over their heads, threatening every moment to overwhelm them like a torrent* Almost every man was a soldier, and many, who lived in remote parts of the town, moved, with their families, into the vicinity of a garrison, or a house of refuge. This was the case with Stephen Dow and his son, who lived in the east part of the town, and moved near to the garrison of Capt. John White. The Indians had a peculiar whistle, which was made by placing both hands to the mouth, and was known to be their call. It was frequently heard in the adjacent woods, and tradition says, that Stephen Dow, jun., was the only person in the garrison who could exactly imitate it ; and that he frequently concealed himself, and endeavored to decoy them within the range of the soldiers' bullets. But it does not say that he ever suc- ceeded. "'■■= April 7th, another meeting was held, "to consider what may, & is to be done, as to sending to the Council or General Court for their affording help to this place by soldiers, as it is a frontier town, exposed to great danger, &c." At this meeting, it was " Voted and agreed by the Town that a petition be drawn up & sent by a meet hand to the Council and General Court, to have sent to us, as we are a frontier town, upon the Country's charges, 40 men at least, to be a constant daily scout, to keep out without the outmost garrisons, and in constant service, so as to watch the enemy & prevent &, surprise them, or give notice to others within, that they may be encouraged to do somewhat in order to future livelyhood, and in case of need to stand for their lives." Cornet Peter Ayer was " particularly made choice of to present, prefer, & prosecute " the petition. * MiricJc. 158 HISTORY OF Haverhill; In answer to tlie petition of the tOTvn, soldiers were sent from Newbury, and other placci?, to Haverhill, Amcshiiry, and Salisbury. -'^ Scarcely had the inhabitants made their preparations for defence and security, ere the murderous savages were again in their vicinity. On the 5th of July, eight persons were killed at Exeter ; and two days afterward, three were killed at Amesbury. It was no longer safe to ven- ture out of doors, except in armed parties, or in the immediate vicinity of the garrisons, where watch was kept night and day for the enemy. None knew when or where an attack would be made, and the only safety was in strongly fortified garrisons, armed soldiers, and constant watch- fulness. Immediately after the •news of the attacks at Exeter and Amesbury reached Haverhill, Major Saltonstall despatched a messenger to the Coun- cil, at Boston, with an urgent appeal for immediate aid. The following is his letter, copied from the original in the Archives of the State : — Havll: July 10: 1 GOO, at almost 3 afternoon ; Hond: Gentlemen I am now by ye Posts from Salisbury put upon hurrying up a line or two to yor: selves, & bee: of my shortness of time I cannot stand to enter ye abreviatc of ye 2 Lres: to me ; & yrf : I have sent them to your selves by ye same hands yt brought ym to me ; & pray that ye Lres: may by ye same hands be rcturnd, (wc yy promise if it be pennitted.) I shal but add a few words ; Capt: Buswells request I judg rationall, & most necessary to be attended ; I can as I wrote by Lt: Johnson of Almsbury on monday last say. That Havll: hath as much need of present & setled assistance as any place ; I beseech you cast us not off ; or give us comand to draw off. I do not think it much to avail but as a present satisfaction yt men visit us affr: mischcif is done us ; for before yy can be wth us ye enimic is hidden or gone, & nothing to be done but for ye men to return, unless yy would stay as men in service, or occasion shal offer. Indeed ye charg is grt:, but tho: all are not, yet some arc willing to bear their part. Foot men are most advisable, & serviceable & so, in ye end, * About this time, one Isttac Morrill, a nntlve of New Jersey, cnmo to Newbnry, to entice Indlnns and Negroes to luftVc their masters and go witli him, Rttylnff that tho KngUsh should be cut off, and the Negroes should bo free. He was arrested, May 20, 1000, and sent to Ipswich for trial. Their intention was, to take a vessel out of tho dock at Nowl)ury, go to Canada, join tho BVonch, and come down upon tho back side of the country, and save none but tho negroes and Indians. They intended to come with four or fivo hundred Indians, and three hundred Canadians, lictween Haverhill and Amesbury, over Merrimack river, near " Indian river by Archelaus hill on the backside of Jnhn Kmrry's meadow and destroy, and then they might easily destroy such amoU towns as Haverhill and Amesbury." — Coffin Hist. Mwbiiry, 153. HISTORY OF HAVERHILL. 159 it will be found ; excepting only a very few to be imployed in carrying or fetching newes ; men complain more of difficulty to provide for horses than for many more men. The Ld: be yor Counsellor & guid in all these difficulties ; Let us have a speedy dispatch of the Posts, Philip Grcle, & Wm Hely both of Salisb: yt I may give accot: to ym y t send to me ; I am not in a capacity to help ym, but want men for or necessary defence ; & orders to keep or own men to duty upon their j)eril, & for their being sent to Boston for judgmt according to yr desert, yt is, some of ym. I am Gentlemen your true servant X; Saltonstall On the 31st of August, as Samuel Parker, and a small boy, were engaged in curing hay in the East Parish, at the east-meadow, a party of Indians surprised them, and shot Parker dead on the spot. The boy ran in an op- posite direction from the smoke of the assailants, and by concealing himself in the tall grass, escaped uninjured, and was the first to bear the mclau- cholly tidings of Parker's death to his family,-' September 21st, is memorable for an attack on Casco, in which eight persons were killed, and twenty-four wounded. This was the last foray of that season, and the Indians, according to their custom, gi-adually withdrew as winter approached, toward Canada, Believing that the inhabitants could now, for the winter months at least, take care of themselves, the General Court (Oct. 10) ordered "that Mai Saltonstall do dismiss home the scout of ten troopers appointed to be em- ployed between Haverhill & Salisbury by direction of the said ]\Iajor for security of said towns in the time of harvest," On the 22d of the same month, they ordered that all the garrison soldiers posted in the towns of Havei'hill, Salisbury, and Amesbury, be forthwith dismissed. Two weeks afterward, (Nov. 7) all the officers and soldiers at Piscataqua were oi'dered home; and a few weeks still later, (Dec. 13) one-third of all the eastern garrisons were disbanded. While the inhabitants were thus surrounded by all the horrors of savage warfare, the small pox broke out among them. This loathsome disease was then but little understood, and was much more terrible to encounter * The following doubtless refers to this att^ck, though the account is far from correct; — "This morne about seven ye the clock nons came to me from Kowley yt Slajr Saltonetall sent to New- berry : vizt, yt two men of naverhill was in the evening last night about three miles out of the towne lookig aft£r tlieircorne: their fields were about fift rods one from the other ; each about their owne ; one of them is escaped who heard a gun which he suiiposed to be shot at ye other man & espying Indians Kun for it but saith yt he heard at least ten more gims 9. We.fiud, however, that the History of Rowley places it one year later — 1692. HISTORY OF HAVERHILL. 161 name of that family must remain in obscurity, for there is no account of the death of any other person, this year, by the Indians. The family killed at Eowley was named Goodrich. The constant state of anxiety and fear in which the colonists were kept during these long and dreary months, and years, may be judged from the fact that in Newbury, which was far less exposed than either of the fron- tier towns, fifty-one persons hept watch each night. The new year brought no brighter prospects, but rather the reverse. On the 5th of February, a large body of French and Indians attacked York, Maine, burned all but three or four garrisoned houses, killed about seventy-five of its inhabitants, and captured eighty-five. The work of slaughter had re-commenced in fearful earnest. At the. annual meeting of 1692, but little was done except the election of ofl5.cers. A few applications were made for land, and Samuel Dalton asked permission to build a corn-mill on Mill Brook, but all were refused. The inhabitants were evidently so engrossed in the all important matter of personal security, that they had little courage left for extending their settlement. On the 18th of July, Hannah Whittiker, of this town, was killed by the Indians." The particulars of her death arc now lost. On the same day that Hannah Whittiker was killed, an attack was made on Lancaster, Mass., and six persons were killed^ August 1st, the same n amber were killed at Billerica; and September 29th, twenty-one were killed and captured at Eye Beach. Sometime in August, John Keezar took his scythe and his gun, and went to the Pond Meadow to cut grass. He laid his gun down beside a tree, and while mowing, a short distance from it, an Indian, who had secretly observed his motions, crept silently along, and secured the gun before Keezar was aware of it. The Indian then brought it to his shoul- der, and exultingly exclaimed — "me kill you now." Keezar saw that an attempt to fly would be attended with certain death, and his only re- course was to stratagem. Soon as he saw that the Indian had secured his gun, he faced about and ran toward him, shouting at the top of his voice, swinging his glittering scythe, and threatening to cut him in pieces. This daring conduct, in one whom the Indian expected would fly, or beg for his life, his terrible threatenings, and the formidable appearance of his wea- pon, completely affrighted him ; and he threw down his stolen gun, and « Hannah WhittLker was the wife of Abraham Whittiker, Jiin, Her maiden name was " Beame." She was married April, 1682. 21 162 niSTORY OP HAVERniLL. fled for his life. Keezar followed close upon bis heels, repeatedly striking at him with his scythe. At length he reached him, and at one stroke, buried it in his bowels.'' The enemy were all around them, continually watching for opportuni- ties to make a successful attack, and the situation of the inhabitants of this town was perilous in the extreme. None knew when or where the blow would fall, but it was daily and hourly expected. In answer to a call for aid, Sir William Phipps ordered twelve soldiers to be sent from Newbury to Haverhill, November 1st, to assist in protecting the town. Happily no other assault was made that season. With the return of another winter, came the necessity of again consid- ering the matter of Mr. Eolfc's settlement as minister, and a meeting was called for that purpose. At this meeting, the question, "whether Mr. Benj Eolfe, whom this town hath had experience of in the ministry near three years, shall be the man pitched upon for that work, and to be our settled minister in Haverhill," was " by a full vote," passed in the affirm- ative, and a committee was chosen to agree with him. December 5 th, a meeting was called, to hear the report of the committee^ which was made in the form of a letter from Mr. Eolfe. The following is a copy : — " Haverhill Nov 21, 1692. To the Town of Haverhill, Gentlemen : The Committee chosen and appointed by you on Oct 25, 92, to treat with me in order to my settlement among you as your minister ; have beea with me and acquainted me as far as they could with the Town's mind in this affair, making some proposals which they thought might be agreea- ble to what you approve of : Upon which I make you this brief return — That it is not my design nor desire to propose for what may rationally be thought hard : But only that there may be such a competent, comfortable settlement, as that there- by I, or any that shall be called to be your minister, may be capable to endeavour the discharge of that duty that God requires of persons under such circumstances without distraction. The want of this will be uncomfortable to you and your minister : and. That in order hereto I presume that there is no rational man but will think it requisite, that, in such a place as this is, where there is no house for the ministry ; there be (in some convenient place) allotted to him a small • Tradition. — Mirick. HISTORY OF HAVERHILL. 163 parcel of land, on "wliicli lie may at his own cost (with the help of such as shall freely offer thereto) erect an house to dwell in which he may call his own ; and Inasmuch as your Committee have proposed to me by order of the Town, what place in the Town would be most satisfactory to me to dwell in ; — I reply, that I think it beyond me to determine. The Town's pleasure in this matter will doubtless be for accommodation. But except the Town can think of a more convenient place, I know no objection against that place on which Nathaniel Smith did formerly dwell, or any near it. With respect to a settled yearly maintain, I object not against what the Town by their Committee have already settled on me : Provided, that in convenient season, when the work is doubled, *and the Town comes to be under better circumstances, there be such an addition to it, as shall ration- ably be thought requisite. Your speedy conclusion upon what hath been proposed will enable me to give you a more full answer : In the meantime I remain Yours in all christian ofl&ces Benjamin Piolfe." Upon the reading of Mr. Eolfe's letter, it was voted: — •' That Mr Benj Eolf, who hath, for about three years been an help here, in the work of the ministry with Mr Ward ; If he please to settle here in the ministerial work shall have, & hereby hath, that piece of land freely bestowed upon him as his own proper estate, which was laid out by the Town's committee June 24, 1681, and approved of, near where Nathaniel Smith formerly lived, and is also joining to that two acres which was given by the Town to Samuel Wilcot." The selectmen were, at the same time, directed to treat with the owners about buying Wilcot's two acres, to be added to the rest. Toward the last of the next month, (Jan. 30, 1693) another meeting was called, to see if the town would confirm its vote to settle Mr. Eolfe, as some objections had been made to that meeting, "because of the shortness ofwiirning." The town declared that, " by a clear vote, it is renewed, allowed of, confirmed, made, and to be stood unto, for the full and free vote of the Inhabitants of Haverhill." There could be no mistaking their intentions this time, most certainly. Mr. Eolfe was granted the free and full improvement of the Parsonage farm and meadow, then on lease to Mr. Bradley, so long as he continued in the town as their minister, and also of the Parsonage land bought of 164 HISTORY OF HAVERHILL. William Starlin, besides -what was otherwise appointed him for his annual salary. It was also voted to lay him out, with all convenient speed, ten acres of good meadow, for his free use while he remained their minister. AVe have already alluded to the charter received in 1G92. It was a far different instrument from the colonial charter of 1G29, and effected a thorough revolution in the country. The form of government, the powers of the people, and the entire foundation and olbjects of the body politic, were placed upon a new basis. ' Sir William Phipps, the first governor of the province under the new charter, arrived at Boston on the 14th of May, 1692. Writs were imme- diately issued for a general assembly, which convened in the following month, and the government jvas duly inaugurated. These changes in the government of the province, necessitated corres- ponding changes in the organization of towns, and, accordingly, at the next annual meeting of this town, several new officers were chosen, and the name of the town Eecorder was changed to Toicii Clerh. The following is a list of the first board of town officers under the new charter : — Lt John Johnson, Moderator ; Nathl Saltonstall, Town Clerk ; Ensign Thomas Eatton, Cornet Peter Ayer, Sergt Kobert Ayer, Sergt John Page, Nathl Saltonstall, Selectmen; Eobert Swan sen., Samuel Cun-ier, James- Sanders, Ensign John White, & Sergt Josiah Gage, Highway Surveyors ; Michael Emerson, Leather Sealer; Ensign Thomas Eatton, Sealer of Weights Sf Measures ; Sergt Josiah Gage, Lieut Saml Ayer, Sergt John Haseltine, Capt Geo Browne, Wm Starlin, & Joseph Johnson sen, Tyth- ing-men ; for Viewers of Fences, for the West side of the Sawmill Eiver, Ensign Saml Hutchins, Onesiph Mash sen ; — between the West bridge and Mill brook and northward as far as Ephraim Gild's, John Johnson Saml Emerson ; — between the Mill brook and Great Plain, Eph Eoberts, Israel Hendrick; — for the Great Plain and fields below that, to the ex- tent of Haverhill bounds, on that quarter to the eastward, Amos Singletery, . John Whittier ; — for the northern farms about Wm Starlin's, and in that quarter, Joseph Johnson sen, Christopher Bartlett; Steven Dow sen. Grand Juror ; Daniel Lad jun, for Jury of Trials. At this meeting, Joseph Peasely was granted the privilege of erecting a sawmill " at the head of east meadow river upon the stream by or near Brandy Brow." The location selected was the one still occupied, and known as " Peaslee's Mills." It is now, and wc believe has most of the time, since 1G93, been owned by persons of that name. HISTORY OF HAVERHILL. 165 We notice that more Ibusiness relating to lands, and similar matters, was done by the town this year, than for several years previously, which indi- cates a returning confidence, and prosperity. No allusions are made to the Indians in the records, and we do not find any mention of persons being killed by them, this year, in the vicinity, except Jonathan Franklin in this town, and one person in Dover. May 8th, a town meeting was called, "for the people to join with the church and take care for the providing necessaries for Mr Eolf 's ordina- tion in office in this town." After choosing a Moderator, " the Town resolved to stop in the proceedings till they knew what Mr Ward would abate of his yearly maintanance." The following proposal from him, dated November 13, 1692, was then read: — " In answer to the Town's proposal to me to know what I would abate of my yearly maintenance, and upon what terms they should be with me in case they got another minister to help with me in the ministry, I grant In case the Church and Town do procure another Minister to be settled in office in the work of the ministry in Haverhill ; Then from that time and forward I will abate to the Town of what they ought to pay to me by Covenant and Town orders, all, excepting only Twenty pounds in Corn, and Fifty cords of current merchantable cord wood, to be paid as follow- eth, annually, during my life ; viz. Ten pounds in merchantable Wheat, and Ten pounds in merchantable Indian, and Fifty cords of Oak and Walnut wood, to be laid in at my house, and corded by one thereto appointed at the Town's charges ; for time as followeth, viz : Half in October, annually ; and the other Half in February annually. Provided that all arrears be truly paid me, and that myself and estate I be exempted from all rates ; and that the Town do appoint one or two men to attend at my house upon a set day to receive and take account of what shall be brought in, and set the price thereof if it be not merchant- able, that so it come not in pitiful driblets as formerly. And in case the conditions be not performed within the year, by the 2d of February annually ; then the whole Sixty pounds to be paid annually, according to town orders already made, and so proportionably. John Ward." After this letter was read, the meeting chose a committee of four, " to go and see what Mr Ward will abate of his annual covenanted mainte- 166 HISTORY OP HAVERHILL. nance, in order to tlie settlement of Mr B Kolf for a minister here." The following is their report : — "The messengers, by word of mouth, return Mr Ward's answer: That from and after Mr liolf 's ordination, he will abate all except Twenty Pounds in Wheat & Indian annually, & Fifty cords of merchantable sound wood corded at his house." The town accepted the offer. A vote was then passed that *' care shall at the Town's charge be taken for a place and provision for entertainment at Mr Ilolf 's ordination," provided it did not exceed ten pounds ; but as " several men proclaimed against it with great violence," the vote was nulled. The following agreement of the committee with Mr. Eolfe, was then ap- proved and confirmed : — , " We,'"' Eobert Ayer, Peter Ayer, and Steven Dow, who are the present Committee in that affair have covenanted and agreed with said Mr Ilolf; and do hereby covenant & agree, and promise to & with the said Eolf and his heirs and assigns, as the said Committee men, and on behalf of the said Town by virtue of their orders and acts, and because one vote may take off a preceding one by the unsteadiness of a multitude : That Mr Eolf may not be disappointed. We not only for the Town in general, but for our- selves in particular, as the said Town's Committee, and for our successors, do covenant and agree as followeth : 1. That Mr Benjamin Eolf during the time of his abode in this Town in the work of the ministry, until he is settled with us in oflSce in that work, shall have paid unto him by the Town Sixty pounds per annum in Wheat, Eye, and Indian Corn, by equal proportions of each, at the price of the grain in the Country rate, at the time of payment. So that the whole may be paid into him, or his order in Haverhill, by the 2d of Feb- ruary annually. 2. That Mr Eolf out of his Sixty pounds is to provide personal quar- ters for himself as he shall think good. 3. We the Committee before mentioned do further promise to said Mr Eolf that upon the Town's charge, in convenient season annually, there shall be laid in for him a sufficient quantity and stock of good, sweet, and dry, and sound Hay for the keeping his horse through the winter at such place in Haverhill as he shall appoint." ^ The introductorj' paragraph, which merely rehearses when and for what the committee were chosen, we have omitted, as unimportant. HISTORY OF nAVERHILL. 167 The agreement is signed by the committee. The following is the letter of Mr. Eolfe, accepting the terms offered : — " Haverhill April 29, 1693. In answer to the Election of the Town of Haverhill signified by public vote at a general orderly meeting with respect to my being their settled minister, and to the call of the Church of Christ there ; The Providence of God having so ordered, as to move his people here to invite me to settle among them for the carrying on of the great and solemn work of the ministry of the gospel of Christ, I do hold it my duty to consider & take notice of the special Providence of God therein, and therefore do hereby express myself willing to settle among them for that end : viz : 1st. So long as the people of God here do continue in the profession of the true faith and peace of the gospel — Acts 2'A2S' 2d. So long as I may have the liberty of my ministry among them. . 3d, So long as I can discharge my duty to myself and family, if it shall please God to give me one ; I mean by this. That the Town comply with and duly discharge for the present, that obligation with respect to a yearly maintenance that they by their Committee are now under to me. Grant- ing also to me a supply of wood as soon as I shall stand in need of it. And if it shall please God so to order it that the whole work be devolved upon me, or to bring them out of those difficulties that by occasion of the war they are now under : They grant to me such a supply as that thereby I may so live as a minister of the gospel ought to live, and be able without distraction by wants, to discharge my duty as a minister of Christ to God and yourselves. Thus I say I do express myself willing to settle among you with a true intention and true affection. Benjamin Piolfe." Having at last seen his successor selected, provided for, and firmly seated in the affections of the people with whom he had himself lived so long, and so happily, and for whose welfare he had devoted the best years of a long life, the venerable John Ward was soon laid beside 'her whom in life he had loved so well. He died on the 27th of December, 1693, and was buried on the following day, almost in the very shadow of the humble little church where, for nearly a half century, his voice had been heard from Sabbath to Sabbath earnestly pleading with the Father for bless- ° "And they continued steadfastly in the Apostle's doctrine and fellowship, find in breaking of bread, and in prayers." — Acts 2, 42. 168 niSTOUY OP HAVERHlLt. ings upon Lis little flock." Mr. Eolfe, on the day of his ordination, speaking of him, says, that "these four years past have been the happiest and most profitable to me of my whole life. I have had the couneils of wisdom and experience, the admonitions of a father and friend, and an ex- ample constantly before me, of undissembled virtue, ardent piety and burning zeal." The following is an extract from his will, which bears date May 27, IGSO.f " Lord, into thy hands commit I my spirit. Credo languida fide sed tamen fide. Concerning that portion of worldly goods which God of his rich bounty hath bestowed upon me, I make this my last will and testament. I give to my beloved son Benja. Woodbridge, and to my beloved daughter, Mary, his wife, one parccll of land containing thirty acres, more or less, lying att the norwest end of the towne of Haverhill, in X. England. '••= ••' =•■' '•' '•* 1 give to my beloved son, Nathl. Saltonstall, and to my beloved daughter, Elizabeth, his wife, my house, and land adjoyning thereto, commonly called the houselott, lying in the town of Haverhill, | =■'••= =■•'' " '■' Lastly, I constitute and appoynt my beloved son, Saltonstall, the executor of this my last will and testament, and do hereby make void all former "Wills made by me. Witness my hand and seal JOHN WAED. [seal.] Signed and sealed in the presence of us ; William White, Thomas Eatox, Benja. Eolfe. Jan. 23, 92--3, owned before John White." ]\Ir. Eolfe was ordained on the 7th of the January following Mr. Ward's death. At the annual meeting for 1694, the town refused to choose Tything- men, (and also a Hayward, Culler of Staves, Eield Drivers, and House Officers,) according to law ; but we find that a few weeks afterward, a town meeting was held " by the order of the ShcriiF," to choose a repre- sentative to the assembly, and tythingmen. The government seem to have allowed the omission of the others, but refused to entertain the idea that a town could get along without tythingmen. The duty of a tythingman was o On the 19th, of November, 1693, Mr. Ward, then just entering his eighty-eighth year, preached an ex- cellent sermon, — his last public effort. — Mather, "f Two months after the death of his wife. X This homestead, since known as the "Saltonstall Place," about half a mile east of the Bridge, re- mained in possession of the family until after the Revolution. It is now familiarly known as the ;' Widow Duncan's Place." HISTOKT OF HAVERHILL. 169 to preserve good order in the church during divine service, and to mate complaint of any disorderly conduct. It is but recently that the office was abolished. The writer well remembers when " the tythiugman " served as an eflFectual " bugbear " for juvenile church-goers. This year, all the town officers were, for the first time, duly " sworn " to the faithful performance of their several official duties, — a practice which has since become a custom. July 2d, a meeting was called to see about the meadow land for the ministry, which had been laid out, but was claimed by Robert Swan, sen., who had prosecuted the town for taking it away from him. The town voted to fight it out with him, "according to law." On the 30th of July, a meeting was held, " by command of the CountiT," to choose assessors, and Captain Simon Wainwright, Ensign John White, and Cornet Peter Ayer were duly chosen and sworn. This was the first board of assessors chosen by the town. For a few years preceding this, a " commissioner" had been annually chosen to act with the selectmen in taking valuations. After nearly two years of comparative freedom from molestation by the Indians, the inhabitants were again alarmed by news of horrible massa- cres, and threatened extermination. On the 18th of July (1694) the settlement at Oyster Eiver was again attacked, and ninety-four of its inhabitants killed and captured. This sad news had hardly reached this town, when another messenger conveyed the intelligence of four more victims at Portsmouth ; and within a week later, Groton was surprised, twenty-two persons killed, and thirteen wounded. The enemy were all around them, and terror sat on every countenance. Three weeks later, five persons were killed at York, and the same week, eight more were added to the long list of victims from Kittery. September 4th, two men, Joseph Pike and Richard Long, both of New- bury, were slain by the savages as they were travelling, near the north of Pond Plain. " The enemy lay in a deserted house by the way, or in a clump of bushes, or both.""-' Although no other attack was made in this town that year, yet the in- habitants had every reason to expect them, and the strictest watch was kept, day and night, and every precaution taken to preserve life and pro- '■■ Pike's Journal. Neal, in h's History of Xfw England, says, under d;ite of Septpmlier 4, 169-t: — "Mr. Joseph Pike of Newbury, Deputy ShjrilTof Essex, tr.ivelling with one Lon^ betivoen Anieslmry and Haverhill in the exe(rutioti of his office, fell into an Ambuscade of the enemy, and both he and hi companion were murdered." 22 170 HISTORY OF HAYERHILL. perty, in case of such emergency. Under such circumstances, as we maj well suppose, there wei*e occasionally false alarms, when a whole garrison or neighborhood would be thrown into the greatest consternation and fear, without serious cause. One of the most ludicrous of these alarms, occur- red at the garrison commanded by Sergeant Nathaniel Haseltine,= - which is thus related by Mirick, from tradition : — " In the dead of night, when the moon shone fitfully through the ragged clouds, and the winds moaned solemnly on the wooded hills, the watch, the only person awake in the garrison, perceived something within the paling that surrounded it, which he supposed to be an Indian ; and who was, as *he thought, endeavoring to gain an entrance. Being considerably affrighted, he did not wait to consider the object coolly, but raised his musket and fired. The report alarmed the whole garrison. The women and children were awakened from their slumbers, and ran hither and thither like maniacs, expecting that they should fall beneath the tomahawk. The men, equally affrighted, jumped into their breeches as though their lives depended on their speed, seized their guns, and hastened to the port- holes. Every man now displayed his heroism. Volley after volley was fired at the suspicious looking object — but it fell not. There it remained, just as it did when the watch first observed it. This was truly a mystery, that had no whys nor wherefores. It is presumed a consultation was held at this important crisis ; but we have never been informed of the result. Let that be as it may, — they ceased firing, but continued under arms till morning, all prepared for immediate action, and keeping a good look-out for the supposed enemy. At length the morning began to dawn, and all eyes were turned toward the daring intruder. They soon discovered the cause of their alarm — and what do you suppose it was, reader ? Why, it was nothing but an old maid's black quilted petticoat, which she had washed the day previous, hung it on the clothes-line to dry, and neglected to take it in at night. When it was taken down, every part of it was pierced with bullet-holes, and, for aught we know, the poor old maid had no other to wear. It is thought that those excellent marksmen ought to have provided her with another — and doubtless they did." In 1695, the annual meeting was held on the first Tuesday in March, according to an Act of the Assembly. At this meeting, Peter Patie applied for permission to build a grist mill at east meadow river, but was denied. For some reasons, now unknown, there was great delay and difficulty in getting such a mill erected on that Btream. Many years previously, Andrew Greelee applied for, and received • Tbe one at Pecker's Hill. niStOtlT OF HAVERHILL. 171 permission to erect such a mill there, and partly built a dam, but, for some reason, abandoned the enterprise, and nothing more was done about it for several years. In 1694, Nathaniel Whittier applied for the privi- lege, but he wanted twelve acres of land as a bonus, which the town thought too much. They offered him the use of four acres, which he re- fused, and the same offer being then opened to any one who would accept, Joseph Greelee and Joseph Peasely agreed to erect the mill ; but they also failed to doit, and, in 1696, the town gave Samuel Currier and Joseph Greelee permission to build, and allowed them the use of ten acres of land for their accommodation and encouragement. But it seems that they did not make much progress that year, for Peter Patie applied to the town the next spring for the same privilege. The town refused Patie, because they were already under obligations to Currier and Greelee, who, we believe, soon after erected such a mill. It was located at the place known for many years as Johnson's Mill, about one-fourth of a mile from the mouth of the stream. For the first time, the town this year chose a Town Treasurer. Lieu- tenant Samuel Ayer wasthe person selected. Mr. Rolfe applying for wood, the town voted him fifteen cords a year, for tliree years. John Gild offered the town sixteen pounds for " the side hill adjoining Great Pond," which offer was accepted. He was to pay " one third currant money, one third good Indian com, & one third good fat neat cattle fit for slaughter." The matter of bounds between this town and Amesbury came before the town again this year, after a quiet rest for many years. This time, as before, Amesbury commenced the agitation. The town ordered the select- men to see that the matter was settled forthwith. They evidently had no desire for an extended controversy. The selectmen were also ordered to attend to the settling of " schools of learning" in town, and "to settle a suitable school-master, according to law." Among the records of this year, we find a copy of a receipt from the State Treasurer, for " eight wolves heads at six shillings eight pence, in full for thirty thousand pounds assessment." Something of a discount, we think. At an adjournment of the annual meeting, the same year, it was ordered that the meeting-house " be forthwith repaired so far as is necessary for our present use of the place ; till we may be better fitted and provided with a new one." Immediately upon this vote being declared, the ques- tion was put '■■ whether, when the Town builds a new Meeting house, it shall be set in the same place where the old house stands." This was, by 172 HISTORY OP HAVERHILL. a full vote, decided in the negative. It was then proposed, " whether the next meeting house for this Town, when built, shall be set upon the Com- mon land near John Keyzar's & Lieut Johnson's new dwelling places." This was decided "plentifully in the affirmative," only Captain Browne, John ^Vhitticr, and Samuel Currier dissenting. It was then voted " that a new meeting house shall be built forthwith, with what speed may be," and a committee was chosen to " treat with men abroad " about doing the work, and report their proposals to the town. The next we hear of the matter, is in May of the next year, when a meeting was called to see whether the town would build a new meeting- house, or repair the old one. They voted to build a new one, and chose a committee " to look out a workman that can & will engage to do the work by the lump, or great, for money." They were " to look out & view some meeting houses for dimen- sions," and then propose the work to some person or persons, either at home or abroad- On the 28th of July, the committee reported that tbey had " been abroad at several towns, taking dimensions of several meeting houses, and having an account of the cost of them," and " after bartering with divers work- man," found Sergeant John Haseltine " the most inclinable to build of any one." Haseltine offered to build a meeting-house fifty feet long, forty-' two feet wide, and eighteen feet stud, "finishing the same within & without, with seats, pulpit, galleries, windows, doors, floors, & stairs," after the pattern of the Beverly meeting-house, and doing the sides after the style of the Reading meeting-house, finding all material, for four hun- dred pounds, money. After a long debate about the place for the house to stand, and the price proposed, the dimensions proposed were accepted, and the meeting closed without further action. Nothing more was done about the matter until April 10, 1697, when another meeting was called for that special purpose. This time, the town voted that " there be a meeting house forthwith framed," and chose a committee to agree with Sergeant John Haseltine, or any other man, about the work. They were to agree for the whole work and material, even " to turning of the key," and were limited to four hundred pounds in money. The house was to have " a Turret for a bell," and it was agreed to set it " at the place by Lieut John White's and Mr Samuel Dalton's." But the end was not yet. In June, another meeting was called to consider the committee's report. After " much discourse and difference about the place where the new meeting house should be erected," it was HISTORY OF HAVERHILL. 173 voted to call another meeting of the town before deciding the matter. Accordingly, on the 5th of July, the inhabitants again assembled, to con- sider the vexed question. Upon the question of location for the new meeting house, " paper votes were called for," and with the following result- : — " For the old place that now is 25f For the common land near Keyzar's 53." Paper votes were then called for, in choosing a new committee to go on with the work, and Captain Samuel Ayer, Corporal Peter Ayer, and En- sign John Page, were declared chosen. The committee were then granted full powers, within the previously mentioned limits, as to cost. ■ • So strong, however, appears to have been the opposition to the new loca- tion, that the matter of building progressed very slowl}', and one year after the above meeting, (July 4, 1698,) another was called " by warrant from a Justice of the Peace," on petition oT eight of the inhabitants, who desired that a committee might be chosen " to hear all pleas on both sides, and determine where the new frame should be raised." In this request, thirty-three more joined. The Moderator then called for the names of those opposed to having such a commitee, "which was drawn and brought in," and, being counted, numbered sixty-three names ; upon which he de- clared against having any such committee, and the meeting dissolved. Summer passed, autumn came and went, and when winter again ap- proached, the work on the new meeting house had progressed so far that it was, by many, thought advisable to meet in it for worship. A meeting was therefore called by the selectmen, to consider *' whether the people should meet this winter at the old meeting house, or at that which is of new erected at Widow Keyzar's." " Votes were called for by personal appearance and entering their names," and " thirty four persons entered their names for their meeting at the new house as soon as the glass windows are finished & set up," while eighteen persons voted for continu- '•'■ This was probably very near the whole number of legal voters in town, as the business doubtless called out the full strength of the voters. t Nathl Saltonstallt John Currierf Jona'n Eattonf Tho Whittierf — , Peter Greenf Amos Singleteryt Joseph Greeleef John Eattonf Elisha Davist Samuel Currierf John Page Junf Benj Page Daniel Elat Joseph Peasly sent Robert Clement jun Ric Hazenf Jotham Hendrickt Joseph Whittiert Geo Brownet James Sanders seii Cornelius Page Ric Whittiert Ens Eattont Ahiel Mercert Those to whose names is annexed a (t) also entered their protest against the subsequent action of the meeting. 174 HISTORY OF HAVERHILL. ing in the old meeting-Louse, *' till a new meeting house be quite finished."-' It being thus decided to remove, the selectmen were chosen "to deter- mine the places, and what room shall be allowed to such as shall desire to have pews in the new meeting house ; and to whom it shall be allowed ; They being at the cost for the making of them for their own use as is usual in other places ; any other form for seats formerly thought of not- withstanding." The Eecorder informs us that •* much discourse was held about pulling up the seats in the old meeting house to set up at a new place for the pre-' sent meeting house ; but it was fully opposed, and reasons given, & therefore was not put to vote." This closed the proceedings of that meeting, and we find no I'eference to the subject again until the following October, (Oct. 24, 1699,) when a town meeting was called, " for the further consideration and settlement of the affairs belonging to the new meeting house." At this meeting, the committee last chosen reported that room had been allowed eight persons to make themselves pews in the new meeting-house at their own costf ; and after some "discourse about the new meeting house, and the receiving it for the end it was built for," a committee was chosen and sent forth to view it, and see if it was done according to agree- ment, and if the town should accept it or not. (It is worthy of remark that the chairman of the committee, Nathaniel Saltonstall, had all along opposed the location of the new house, and had voted against most or all of the propositions in favor of building it.) The committee attended to their duty, and submitted the following re- port to the same meeting : — "Haverhill Oct 2-1, 1699. We, the Committee above named, this day chosen, forthwith attended to the work we were appointed to examine, view, and pass our thoughts ■^ Those who voted ajrainst the removal, were the same persons who previously voted against the pro- posed location of the new meetinn; house. The following persons voted for the change : — Ensign John Page Nalhl Hascltine Stoph Dow sen James Sanders Sergt John Ilaseltine John Simmons John Mash Wm Johnson Joseph Bond John Dow Joseph Page Benj Emerson Saml Ayi-r jun Ensign Samuel Hutchins Matt Ilcrriman sen Benj Uutchins Jos Johnson sen Jno Johnson smith Ephra'ni Gild Josiah Gage Jos Kingsberry Mich Emerson Onis: Marsh Eph Robcrds Daniel Ela James Ford Robt Ayer Jos Heath Tho Kingsbery Jos Emerson Joseph Ayer Jno Stevens sen Jona Emerson Sam: Smith t Capt. S. Wainwright, Capt. Samuel Ayer, Nath. Saltonstall, Scrjt. John Haseltine, Lieut. John White, Widow Hannah Ayer and son, Ens. John Page, Sergt. Josiah Gage. HISTORY OF HAVEBHILL. 175 upon, and make our return to the Town in order to tteir further proceed. Do unanimously say We have viewed the house without and within, and have measured the house in its length, breadth, & height, and find them all to exceed the covenant dimensions : That is to say, in length upwards of 8 inches ; in the breadth also better than 8 inches ; and in the height of the stud be- tween sill and plate about 12 inches : and the outsides to be well fitted and comely ; and for the work within we find, and account it to be good, sub- stantially, well & commendably done, with respect to the walls, pulpit, and seats below and in the galleries ; and cannot but say, we like and well approve of the work ; and therefore we humbly propose to the Town now assembled to accept of the same as to the work and workmans part, in said Covenant, his additions being much for the better. And he having appeared to be honest, and honestly faithful to his word, we have taken his word for some small matters to be farther done to the seat or pew for the minister's wife & children, and to make troughs or gutters on the sides of the house at the eves to carry the water that comes ofi" the roof from the sides, so that it may fall at the corners : which said work tho necessary, is beyond what he was obliged unto by covenant. And we again do pray that the Town will accept of his work with thankfulness to him for his care & pains, & take care that the Town's part for payment be also faith- fully & seasonably performed. Witness, Nath. Saltonstall, Simon Wainwright, Lt John White, Capt John Whittier, Daniel Ela," Upon the reading of the above, " the Town by their unanimous vote, without any one voting to the contrary, granted their acceptance of the Committee's return, above written, and of the New meeting house accord- ing thereunto." It was then long debated.whether a committee should be chosen " to seat the people in the long seats in the new meeting house hefoi-e it shovld he met in," but being opposed, no vote was taken.--' The town then formally voted that the new meeting-house should be the place where the people should in future " meet and attend for the constant worship of God." " From this, it is evident that no meetings had as yet been held in the new house, notwithstanding the vote of the previous fall. 176 HISTORY OF HAVERHILL. Immediately upon^ this, " Joseph Peasely &c. moving that the Town •would allow him & others to meet at the new meeting house for, and in their way of worship : which is accounted to be for Quakers : It was read & refused to be voted upon." ' November 20th, a meeting was called to choose a committee "to place or seat the people in the new meeting house, that they may know where to sit, & not disorderly crowd upon one another, and be uncivil in the time of God's worship." Such a committee was accordingly chosen, and instructed how to proceed in assigning seats to the inhabitants. A committee was also chosen, to seat the first committee, " so that there may be no grumbling at them, for picking for, and placing themselves." The seating committee were subse- quently allowed six shillings each for performing that duty. Having at last, after years of eifort, and man}' warm discussions, pleas- antly and contentedly settled themselves in their new and commodious meeting-house, the town bid adieu to the old one in the following lan- guage : — "It is voted and granted that Capt Samuel Ayer, &. Nath: Saltonstall be, and are hereby empowered to the best advantage they can to dispose of our old meeting house, for the public benefit of the said Town, for the use of a school house, or a watch-house, or a house of shelter or shed to set horses in, for all or any one, or more of them as they can meet with chap- men." This is the last we hear of the old meeting-house, where, for half a cen- tury, the good people of the town had regularly assembled from week to week, for divine worship ; and around which, it would seem, some of their most pleasant and cherished thoughts and recollections must have clustered. " A shed to set horses in ! " Sad, indeed, was the fate of the little pio- neer meeting-house of Pentucket. A view of the second meeting-house, taken after a steeple had been added, was, many years afterward, painted on a panel over the mantle- piece in the front room of the " Harrod House," which stood a little north of the present Town Hall. In order to preserve the painting, the panel was sub- sequently cut out, and has been carefully preserved in the family to this time. It is now in the possession of Charles H. Stebbins, Esq., of Staten Island, (a grandson of Mr. Harrod,) who kindly furnished the drawing from which our engraving is executed. The painting must have been made " Joseph Peaslcc (or Peasely) was the son of Joseph, an emisrant settler, who was mado a freeman in 1642 ; settled in Newbury ; went to Haverhill previous to 1616 ; thence to Salisbury, (now Amesbury) where he died December 3, 1660. mstOHY OF HAVERHILL. 177 behteen 1750 and 176G. The building near the meeting-hotise, was probably the one erected in 1723, for the double purpose of a watch- house and a school-house. The Puritan Sabbath in the villages of N«w England commenced on Saturday afternoon. No labor was performed on the evening which prece- ded the Lord's day. Early on Sunday morning the blowing of a horn in some places announced that the hour of worship was at hand. In other villages, a flag was hung out of the rude building occupied by the church. At Cambridge, a drum was beat in military style ; at Salem, a bell indi- cated the opulence of that city. The public religious services usually commenced at nine in the mornings and occupied six to eight hours, divided by an intermission of one hour for dinner. The people collected (|uite punctually, as the law compelled their attendance, and there was a heavy fin« for any one that rode fast to meeting, The sexton called upon the minister and escorted him to church in the same fashion that the Sheriff now conducts the Judge into our State Courts. There were few pews in the churches, and the congregation had places as- signed them upon the rude benches, at the annual town meeting, according to their age, importance, and social standing, A person was fined if he occupied the seat of another. Our local histories reveal that pride, envy, and jealousy, were active passions among the men of olden times, and it was a delicate and difficult business to " seat the meeting-house," as it was quaintly called, 23 17S HISTORY OF nAVEEniLt, Many of the early churches of New England had two clergymen •■ — one, who was called the pastor; the other, the teacher. The congregation assembled at an early hour — never later than nine o'clock. After prayer, a chapter from the Bible was read by one of the ministers, and expounded at length. In many of the churches, however, the Bible was not read at all, and it took years of agitation to carry that innovation. A psalm in metre was next sung, which was dictated line by line to the congregation. This service was usually performed by one of the deacons. The preacher did not take part in the introductory services. The baptisms, cases of church discipline and collections, always took place in the afternoon. The " long " prayer usually occupied from an hour to an hour and a half, and many of the sermons of this period make from. a hundred to a hundred and fifty pages. There was a contribution every Sunday, preceded by an appeal from one of the deacons. The boxes were not carried around, but the congregation arose and proceeded t) the dea- con's seat, and deposited their offerings. The magistrates and "brief gentlemen " walked up first, the elders next, and then followed the •'com- mon people." Thfe trials of ecclesiastical offenders, at the close of the services, often afforded much excitement and amusement ; for some offences a particular dress was worn, and the " confession" of the offender was listened to with much interest. Oftentimes the public services were continued until after sunset. After the benediction, the ministers passed out of the church, bowing to people on both sides of the aisle, as they all sat in silence until the clergymen and their families had gone out. Few persons, we imagine, would be willing to go back to these Sunday ceremonies of the Puritau Sabbath, HISTOKT OF HAYERHILIu 179 CHAPTER XIIL 1695 TO 1700. In the latter part of the preceding chapter, we omitted matters of the gravest importance, in order to give a connected account of the locating and building of the second meeting-house in the town ; and we therefore return to the record of 1695, to complete our history of events, during the period mentioned. The tomahawk and the scalping knife were not yet laid aside, and the frontier towns continued to be laid under tribute for victims to satiate savage vengeance. The first appearance of the In-dians this season, (1695) was at Exeter, where two persons were killed, July 7. The next was at Billerica, August 5, when ten were killed and five carried away captive. About the same 'time, two persons were wounded in this town,'-- and two boys were caj^- tured. The following account of the latter, we copy from Miric/c : — " Early in the fall, a party of Indians appeared in the northerly part of the town, where they surprised and made prisoners of Isaac Bradley, aged fifteen, and Joseph AYhittaker, aged eleven, who were at work in the open fields near Joseph Bradley's house.f The Indians instantly retreated with their prisoners, without committing any further violence, and pui'sued their journe}^ through the wilderness until they arrived at their homes, on the shores of the Winnipisoge. Isaac, says tradition, was rather small in stature, but full of vigor, and very active ; and he certainly possessed more shrewdness than most of the boys of that age. But Joseph was a large, overgrown boy, and exceedingly clumsy in his movements. " Immediately after their arrival at the Lake, the two boys were placed in an Indian family, consisting of the man, his squaw, and two or three children. "While they were in this situation, they soon became so well • Belknap. The persons here alluded to were, without doubt, two children of Abraham Whittaker, as may be seen from the following extract from the record of March 6, 170j : — "At the motion of Capt. Saml Aycr, voted that the present selectmen on tho Town's cost pay Doctr Bradstreet for what he did for Abraham Whittaker's children towards their cure; and also to pay John Stephens son. for digijiag a grave for some of the said Whittaker's family, which were killed by the Indians." The digging of the gi-ave was probably for Whittaker's wife, Hannah, who was killed by the Indians July 18, 1692. t Bradley lived off the Parsonaj^e Koad, near the northerly brook. Whittaker lived nearly due west from Bradley's, on the Derry Road, but was at the time with Isaac Bradley, at the place above mentioned. 180 HISTORY or IIATERHILr>. acquainted with the language, that they learned from the occasional con- versations carried on in their presence, between their master and the neighboring Indians of the same tribe, that they intended to carry them to Canada, the following spring. This discovery was very afflicting to them. If their designs were carried into execution, they knew that there would be but little chance for them to escape ; and from that time the active mind of Isaac was continually planning a mode to effect it. A deep and unbroken wilderness, pathless mountains, and swollen and almost impassable rivers, lay between them and their beloved homes ; and the boys feared, if they were carried still further northward, that they should never again hear the kind voice of a father, or feel the fervent kiss of an affectionate mother, or the fond embrace of a beloved sister. They feared, should they die in a strange land, that there would be none to close their eyes — none to shed for them the tear of affection — none to place the gi-een turf on their graves — and none who would fondly treasure up their memories. Such were the melancholy thoughts of the young boys, and they deter- mined to escape before their masters started with them for Canada. The winter came with its snow and wind — the spring succeeded, with its early buds and flowers, and its pleasant south wind — and still they were pris- oners. Within that period, Isaac was brought nigh to the grave — a burning fever had raged in his veins, and for many days he languished on a bed of sickness ; but by the care of the squaw, his mistress, who treated them both with considerable kindness, he recovered. Again he felt a strong desire to escape, which increased with his strength ; and in April he matured a plan for that purpose. He appointed a night to put it in execution, without informing his companion, till the day previous, when he told him of his intentions. Joseph wished to accompany him ; to this Isaac demurred, and said to him, "I'm afraid you won't wake." Joseph promised that he would, and at night they laid down in their master's wigwam, in the midst of his family. Joseph soon fell asleep, and began to snore lustily ; but there was no sleep for Isaac — his strong desire to escape — the fear that he should not succeed in his attempt, and of the punishment that would doubtless be inflicted if he did not — and the dan- ger, hunger and fatigue that awaited him, all were vividly painted in his imagination, and kept sleep or even drowsiness far from him. His daring attempt was euvii'oned with darkness and danger — he often revolved it in his mind, yet his resolution remained unshaken. At length the mid- night came, and its holy stillness rested on the surrounding forest ; — it passed — and slowly and cautiously he arose. All was silent save the HISTORY OF HAVERHILL. 181 deep drawn breath of the savage sleepers. The voice of the wind was scarcely audible on the hills, and the moon, at times, would shine brightly through the scattered clouds, and silver the broad lake, as though the robe of an angel had fallen on its sleeping waters. Isaac stepped softly and tremblingly over the tawny bodies, lest they should awake and discover his design, and secured his master's fire-works, and a portion of his moose-meat and bread ; these he carried to a little distance from the wigwam, and concealed them in a clump of bushes. He then returned, and bending over Joseph, who had, all this time, been snor- ing in his sleep, carefully shook him. Joseph, more asleep than awake, turned partly over, and asked aloud, "what do you want?" This egre- gious blunder alarmed Isaac, and he instantly laid down in his proper place, and began to snore as loudly as any of them. Soon as his alarm had somewhat subsided, he again arose, and listened long for the heavy breath of the sleepers. He determined to fly from his master, before the morning dawned. Perceiving that they all slept, he resolved to make his escape, without again attempting to awake Joseph, lest, by his thoughtless- ness, he should again put him in jeopardy. He then arose and stepped softly out of the wigwam, and walked slowly and cautiously from it. until he had nearly reached the place where his provisions were concealed, when he heard footsteps approaching hastily behind him. With a beating heart he looked backward, and saw Joseph, who had aroused himself, and find- ing that his companion had gone, concluded to follow. They then secured the fire-works and provisions, and without chart or compass, struck into the woods in a southerly direction, aiming for the distant settlement of Haverhill. The}'' ran at the top of their speed until day-light appeared, when they concealed themselves in a hollow log, deeming it too dangerous to continue their journey in the day time. Their master, when he awoke in the morning, was astonished to find his prisoners had escaped, and immediately collected a small party with their dogs, and pursued them. The dogs struck upon the tracks, and in a short time came up to the log where the boys were concealed, when they made a stand, and began a loud barking. The boys trembled with fear lest they should be re-captured, and perhaps fall beneath the tomahawk of their enraged master. In this situation, they hardly knew what was best to do — but they spoke kindly to the dogs, who knew their voices, ceased bark- ing, and wagged their tails with delight. They then threw before them all the moose-meat they had taken from the wigwam, which the dogs in- stantly seized, and began to devour it as though they highly relished so choice a breakfast. While they were thus employed, the Indians made 182 niSTORY OF HAVERHILL. tlicir appearance, and passed close to the log in which they were concealed, without noticing the craploj^mcnt of their dogs. The hoys saw them as they passed, and were nearly bi'eathless with anxiety. They followed them with their eyes till they were out of sight, and hope again took pos- session of their bosoms. The dogs soon devoured their meat, and trotted after their masters. They lay in the log during the day, and at night pursued their journey, taking a different route from the one travelled by the Indians. They made only one or two meals on their bread, and after that was gone they were obliged to subsist on roots and buds. On the second day they concealed themselves, but travelled the third night and day without resting ; and on that day, towards night, they luckily killed a pigeon and a turtle, a part of which they ate raw, not daring to build a fire, lest they should be dis- covei'cd. The fragments of their unsavory meal they carried with them, and ate of them as their hunger required, making their dessert on such roots as they happened to find. They continued their journey night and day as fast as their wearied and mangled legs would carry them. On the sixth day, they struck into an Indian path and followed it till night, when they suddenly came within sight of an Indian encampment, saw their sav- age enemy seated around the fire, and distinctly heard their voices. This alarmed them exceedingly ; and wearied and exhausted as they were, they had rather seek an asylum in the wide forest, and die within the shadow of its trees, than trust to the kindness of foes whose bosoms had never been moved by its silent workings. They precipitately fled, fearing lest they should be discovered and pursued, and all night retraced their steps. The morning came and found them seated side by side on the bank of a small stream, their feet torn and covered with blood, and each of them weeping bitterly over his misfortunes. Thus far their hearts had been filled with courage, and their hopes grew, and were invigorated with the pleasant thoughts of home, as they flitted vividly across their minds. But now their courage had fled, and their hopes had given way to despair. They thought of the green fields in which they had so often played — of the tall trees whose branches had so often overshadowed them — and of the hearth around which they had delighted to gather with their brothers and sisters, on a winter's evening, and listen to a story told by their parents. They thought of these, yea, of more — but as things from which thc}^ were forever parted — as things that had once given them happiness, but had forever passed awa}''. They were, however, unwilling to give up all further exertions. The philosophy of Isaac taught him that the stream must eventually lead to a n'ISTOllY OJ lIAVEEHlLL. 18o large 'body of water, and after refreshing themselves with a few roots, they again commenced their journey, and followed its windings. They con« tinued to follow it during that day and a part of the night. On the eighth morning, Joseph found himself completely exhausted ; his limbs were weak and mangled, his body was emaciated, and despair was the mistress of his bosom. Isaac endeavored to encourage him to proceed ; he dug roots for him to eat, and brought water to quench his thirst - — but all was in vain. He laid himself down on the bank of the stream, in the shade of the bud- ding trees, to die, far from his friends, with none for companions but the howling beasts of the forest. Isaac left him to his fate, and with a bleed- ing heart, slowly and wearily pursued his journey. He had travelled but a short distance when he came to a newly raised building. Eejoiced at his good fortune, and believing that inhabitants were nigh, he immediately retraced his steps, and soon found Joseph in the same place and position in which he left him. He told him wliat he had seen, talked very encour- agingly, and after rubbing his limbs a long while, he succeeded in making him stand on his feet. They then started together, Isaac part of the time leading him by the hand, and part of the time carrying lnim on his back ; and in this manner, with their naked limbs mangled and wearied with travelling, their strength exhausted by sickness, and their bodies emaciated almost to skeletons, they arrived at Saco fort, sometime in the following- night. Thus, on the ninth night, they arrived among their countrymen, after travelling over an immense forest, subsisting on a little bread, on buds and berries, and on one raw turtle and a pigeon, and without seeing the face of a friend, or warming themselves over a fire. Isaac, soon as he had re- gained his strength, started for Haverhill, and arrived safely at his father's dwelling, who had heard nothing from him since he was taken, and ex- pected never to see him again. But Joseph had more to suffer — he was seized with a raging fever soon as he reached the fort, and was for a long time confined to his bed. His father, when Isaac returned, went to Saco, and brought home his long lost son, soon as his health permitted." On the 7th of October, of the same fall, one person was wounded, and nine taken captive, at Newbury. This was the last Indian depredation of that year, and for the next eight months the inhabitants of the vicinity suffered no molestation by them, although, with the opening of spring, they had every reason to fear fresh incursions. But the spring wore away, and summer came again, with no signs of the enemy. The settlers now began to hope that they would once more be permitted to rest in peace, and suffered their watchfulness and vigilance to relax. This was appa- 184 UISTORY OP IIAVERIIlLt.. rently just what the cunning savages were waiting for, and well did they improve their opportunity. On the 2Gth of June, a large party fell upon Portsmouth, hilled twenty-four, wounded one, and captured four. A few days afterward, they assaulted Amesbury, killed three persons, burned three houses, and, with hellish barbarity, tortured to death Captain Sam- uel Foot. On the 2Gth of July, Dover was attacked, three persons killed, three wounded, and three taken captive, August loth, two men, ' — " Old John Hoyt," so called, and a young man named Peters, — both of Ames- bury, were killed by the Indians on the road between Haverhill and Andover. Two days afterward, Jonathan Haynes of this town, and his four chil- dren, Mary, Thomas, Jonathan, and Joseph, were captured.-' The children were in a field near Bradley's mills, picking beans, and the father was reaping near by. The Indians immediately started with their captives for Pennacook, (Concord, N. H.) When they arrived, they divided their prisoners, and separated, — one party taking the father and Joseph, and the other the remaining children. The first party started for their homes, in Maine, where they soon arrived. Their prisoners had remained with them but a short time, when they improved an opportunity to escape. After travelling two or three days, with scarce anything to satisfy their craving appetites, the old man sunk down exhausted. Finding his efforts to encourage his father were vain, the son started onward, and soon after coming to the top of a hill, he climbed a tall tree, to see if he could dis- cover any signs of civilization. But no such joyful sight was his. After the first bitter gush of grief had passed, and while he yet hesitated which course to take, his quick ear caught the sound of a sawmill ! He listened. There was no mistaking that familiar sound, and, with a glad heart and bounding step, he followed it, and soon found himself at the settlement of Saco I His story was soon told, and with ample assistance, and a bottle of milk, he hastened back to his father, whom he found as he had left him, — laid down to die, without the hope or expectation of ever again looking upon the face of a friend. The milk, and the good news, revived him, and, with considerable difiiculty, he reached Saco. Here they remained until their strength was sufi&ciently recruited, when they started for Haverhill, where they soon arrived without further difficulty. o Mirick is incorrect in giving the names of the children. The children of Jonathan and Sarah Haynes were Mary, born November 14, 1077; Thomas, born May 14, 1680; Jonathan, born September 3, 1684; Margaret, born March 3, 1687 ; Joseph, born August 4, 1C89 ; Ruth, born February 10, 1092 ; Elizabeth, boru March "2, 1097. HISTORY OF HAVERHILL. 185 The party which took the other children, went to Canada, where they were sold to the French. As the tradition is, that Mary was carried to Canada on a hand-sled, we presume the Indians tarried at Pennacook until winter. Mary was re- deemed the following winter, with one hundred pounds of tobacco. She afterward married John Preston, of Andover, and moved to Connecticut. She was living in "Windham, (Conn.) October 12, 17C0, as appears by her signature to a deed of that date. The boys never returned. A deed of 1731 speaks of them as still in Canada. In one of the companies in the Canada expedition of 1757, were three brothers named Haynes, from this town. "While in Canada, they had leave granted to make search for the captive brothers, and they found them. They had lost their mother lan- guage completely, and could only converse with their English relatives, through an interpreter. One of them enquired about his sister, who had one of her fingers accidentally cut off by a young lad, the son of a neigh- bor, a short time before her capture. He recollected the circumstance, and asked if she was still living. Neither of them could be persuaded to return with their relatives.-' Thus far, Haverhill had been spared the hoiTors of a general, or exten- sive attack. Its losses and sufferings had been principally from small parties of the enemy, who were continually prowling around the frontier, watching for opportunities to harrass, rob, murder, and capture the inhabi- tants. But its hour for severer trials was now near at hand. The 15th of March, 1697, witnessed one of the bloodiest forays of the whole war, and this town was the victim. On that day, a party of about twenty Indians came suddenly, and without warning, upon the western part of the town, and, with the swiftness of the whirlwind, made their attack, and as suddenly disappeared. The first house attacked was that of Thomas Duston.f Of this attack, and the heroic exploits of Duston and his wife, there have been various accounts published, and traditions handed down, which, though agi'eeing o We have these interesting traditionary incidents, from Guy C. Haynes, Esq., of East Boston, a native of Haverhill. t This name, at the present time, is written in various ways. It w:is originally written Durston, and was changed to Duston about the time of the above-named Thoinas Duston. This is shown, not only by our Town Records, but by Duston's petition to the General Court, in June, 1697. In the heading of his petition, (which is not in his own hand writing ) the name is written Durstan, and it is so written in the subsequent proceedings on the petition. But his signature to the petition is " Du(r)stan," (or perhajjs Du(r)stun). The letter "r " must have been interpolated subsequent to his first signing the petition, and we think it most probable that it was done by Duston himself, so as to make his signature agree with the name as given in the heading of the petition. We have adopted Duston in this work, because it is so written, in almost every instance, in our Town Records. 24 185 HISTORY or HAVERHILL. in the main, disagree somewhat in the detail. Of them all, we thint the account given by Ecv. Cotton Mather, in his Magnalia, is the most reliable. Mather heard the story directly from the lips of Mrs. Duston, when she was in Boston, (soon after her return from captivity,) and published it very soon after. The following is his version - : — " On March 15, 1697, the Salvages made a Descent upon the Skirts of Haverhil, Murdering and Captivng about Thirty-nine Persons, and Burn- ing about half a Dozen Houses, In this Broil, one Hannah Dustan hav- ing lain-in about a Weck.f attended with her Nurse, Mary Neff,\ a Widow, a Body of terrible Indians drew near unto the House where she lay, with Designs to carry on their Bloody Devastations. Her Husband hastened from his Employments abroad unto the relief of his Distressed Family ;§ and first bidding Seven \\ of his Eight Children (which were from T^vo to Seventeen years of age) to get away as fast as they could unto some Gar- rison in the Town, he went in to inform his Wife of the horrible Distress come upon them. E'er she could get up, the fierce Indians were got so near, that utterly despairing to do her any Service, he ran out after his Children ; resolving that on the Horse which he had with him, he would Ride away with that which he should in this Extremity find his Affections to pitch most upon, and leave the rest unto the Care of the Divine Px'ovi- dence. He overtook his Children about Forty Rod from his Door ; but then such was the Agony of his Parental Affections, that he found it im- possible for him to distinguish any one of them from the rest ; wherefore he took up a Courageous Resolution to Live & Die with them all.^ A party *» Wc copy directly from the first edition of the il/irfywaZia, published in London, 1702, — only five years subsequent to the exploits it describes. The notes are ours. t Her biibe was born March 9th, 1G96-7. I She was the daushter of George Corliss, .and married William Neff; her husband went after the army, and died at Pcmaquid, in February, 1C88. Nefl' lived on the farm now owned by William Swasey. It was given to Mrs. Ncff, by her father. § " Her Husband was at work in the field, and seeinj the Enemy at a distance, ran home." — Keats Hist. JVew Eng., London, 17-17. II Their names were, Hannah, born August 22, 1078 ; Elizabeth, born May 7, 1C80 ; Thomas, born Jan- uary 5, 1683 ; Nathaniel, born May IG, IGSj ; Sarah, born July 4, 1688 ; Abigail, born October — , 1690 ; Jonathan, born January l.'j, 1691-i2; Timothy, born September 1-1,1694. Besides these, they had had JIary, born November 4, 1081; died October 18, 1096; John, born February 2, 1686; died January 28, 1090; Mehitablc, (twin sister to Timothy,) died December 16, 1694; and Martha, (the babe killed,) born born March 15, 1096-7. They afterward had Lydia, born October 4, 1698. 1[ The following beautiful lines, entitled The Fatheu's Choice, are from the pen of Mrs. Sarah J. Hale : — Kow fly, as flics the rushing wind- Urge, ur>.'e, thy ligging steed! The savage yell is fierce behind, And life is on thy speed. And from those dear ones make thy choice; The group he wildly eyed, When " fathci !" burst from every voice, And "child!" his heart replied. There's one that now can share his toil. And one he meant for fame. And one that wears her mother's smile, And GAS that bears her name. J HISTORY OP HAVERHILL. 187 of Indians came up with him ; and now though they Fired at him, and he Fired at them," yet he Manfully kept at the Eeer of his Little Army of Unarmed Children, while they marched off with the Pace of a child of Five Years Old ; until, by the Singular Providence of God, he arrived safe with them all unto a Place of Safety about a Mile or two from his House.f And one will pnittle on his knee, Or slumber on his breast; And one whose joj's of infancy. Are still by smiles expressed. They feel no fear while he is near; He'll shield them from the foe; But oh! his ear must thrill to hear Their shriekings, should he go. In vain his quivering lips would speak. No words his thoughts allow ; There's burning tears ui)on his cheeks Death's marble on his brow. And twice he smote his clenched hand- Then bade hi'i children fly ! And turned, and ee'n that savage band Cowered at his wrathful eye. Swift as the lightning winged with death, Ifl.ished forth the quivering flame I Their lierccst warrior bows beneath The father's deadly aim. Ambition goads the conqueror on. Hate pointj the murderer's brand — ■ But love and duty, these alone Can nerve the good man'o hand. Not the wild erics, that vend the skies, His heart of purpose move; He saves h'S children, or he dies The sacrifice of love. The hero may resign the field. The coward raurd'rer flee ; He cannot fear, he will not yield. That strikes, sweet love for thee. They come, they come — ^he heeds no cry. Save the soft child-like wail, "0 father save!" "My children, fly!" Were mingled on the gale. And firmer still he drew his breath. And sterner fi.isird his eye. As fast he hurls the leaden death. Still shouting, "children fly !" No sliadow on his brow appeared, Nor tremor shook his frame, Sa\'e when at intervals he heard Some trembler lisp his name. In vain the foe, those fiends unchained, Like famished tigers chafe. The shultered roof is near'd, is gain'd All, all the dear one's safe! ° " The Indians pursued him all the while, but he kept in the rear of his little Flock and -when any of them came within reach of his Gun, he presented it at them, which made them retreat." — ^'eal. "A small party of the Indians pursued Mr. Dustin, as he fled from the house, and sonn overtook him and his flying children. They did not, however, approach very near, for they saw his determination, and feared the vengeance of a father, — but skulked behind the trees and fences, and fired upon him and his little company. Mr. Dustin dismounted from his horse, placed himself in the rear of his children, and returned the fire of the enemy often and witli good success. In this manner he retreated for more than a mile, alternately encouraging his terrified charge, and loading and firing his gun until he lodged them safely in a forsaken house. The Indians, finding that they could not conquer h-m, reiurned to their ■companions, expecting, no doubt, that they should there find victims, on which they might exercise their savage cruelty. It is truly astonishing that no one of that little company was killed or wounded. When we reflect upon the skill of the Indians as marksmen, upon their great superiority of strength, and the advantage they possessed in skulking behind every fence and tree, it cannot but be confessed that the arm of ihe -Vlmighty was outstretched for their preservation. Not a ball from the enemy took cfl'cct ; but, so surely, says tradi- tion, as Mr. Dustin raised his gun to his eye, so surely some one of the enemy would welter in his blood." —Mirick. "We feel confident that Neal is right, and that Duston did not fire Jiis gun. Had he done so, his pur- suers could and would have rushed upon him before he could possibly have re-loaded, and have made sure work of hira. But by making a barracade of his horse, and reserving his fire — bringing his trusty gun quickly to bear upon the blood-thirsty, but cowardly red devils, as any of them chanced to peep from behind a tree or wall — he took the most reasonable and effective method for keeping them at bay. t Precisely where, and what, tliis " place of safety " was, is a question of no small interest. Mirick says, that Duston ordered his children " to fly in an opposite direction from that in which the danger was approaching," and that he finally "lodged them safely in a forsaken house." The first appears reason- able, but not the last. A " forsaken house " would have afforded no safer shelter than his own roof, from which he had already fled. Again, the tradition seems always to have been that the place reached was a garrison, (Vide Mather, Neal, and others,} and this appears to harmonize with the fact that the garri- 188 HISTORY OF irATERIIILt. But his bouse must in the meantime have more dicmal Tragedies acted at it. The -lVm^-sc trying to escape with the New-bom Infant, fell into the Hands of the Formidable Salvages ; and those furious Tawnies coming into the House, bid poor Dustan to rise immediately. Full of Astonish- ment she did so ; and sitting down in the Chimney with an heart full of most fearful Expectation, she saw the raging Dragons rifle all that they could carry away, and set the bouse on Fire. About Nineteen or Twenty Indians now led these away, with about half a Score other English Cap- tives ; but ere they had gone many Steps, they dash'd out the Brains of the Infant against a Tree-' ; and several of the other Captives, as they be- gan to Tii-e in their sad Journey, were soon sent unto their Long Home ; the Salvages would presently Bury their Hatchets in their Brains, and leave their Carcases on the Ground for Birds and Beasts to feed upon. However, Dustan (with her Nurse) notwithstanding her present Condition,! Travelled that Night about a Dozen Miles, and then kept up with their New Masters in a long Travel of an Hundred and Fifty Miles, more or less,J within a few Days Ensuing, without any sensible Damage in their Health, from the Hardships of their Travel, their Lodging, their Diet, and their many other Difficulties. These Two Poor Women were now in the hands of those whose Tender Mercies are Cruelties ; but the good God, who hath all Hearts in his own Hands, heard the sighs of these Prisoners^ and gave them to find unexpected Favor from the Master who laid claim nnto them. That Indian Family consisted of Twelve Persons ; Two Stout sons were expressly designed for, — were always considered, and were in reality, — places of safety. As the Indians must have attacked from the north, or west, Diiston would naturally flee toward the south, or cast, — in which direction were all the garri$o)is then in the town. And, whether he lived on the easterly or westerly side of Little River at the time, the nearest garrisons were those of Onisephorus Marsh, (about half-tvay up "Pecker's Hill,") and Jon-ithan Emerson, (on the west corner of Winter and Harrison Streets). To one of these, therefore, he must have directed his fliglrt. Among all the versions of tlic tradition which have reached us, we find but one which unequivocatly designates the place reached, and that one points to the garrison of Mr. Marsh. This tradition comes to us through Moses Merrill, Esq., (of which mure anon,) and we hivve no doubt of its truthfulness. ° Mirick says, "We have been informed by a gentleman, that he heard his grandmother who lived to an advanced age, often relate this fact, and that she had frequently ate apples that grew on the same tree. We have also been informed by an aged female, that she had often heard her mother tell of eating of the fruit of the same tree." All the traditions which locate this tree at all, agree in locating it on the west side of Little River. t Mrs. Dustin was barely allowed time to dress herself, and was even compelled to start on the long journiy, at that inclement season, with but one shoe. X The home of the Indian who claimed Mrs Duston and Mrs. Xeff as his captives, was n small island nt the junction of the Contuocook and Merrimack rivers, a few miles above Concord, N. H. To this place they were taken. The island has long since been known an Dustin' s Island. The Northern Railroad now passes directly across it. We agree with the compiler of the excellent History of Concord, y. II., (Dr. Bouton,) th.it a monument to Mrs. Duston should be erected on the above island; — that being the scene of her remarkable exploit. HISTORY OF HAVERHILL. 189 Men, Three "Women, and Seven Children ; and for the Shame of many an English Family, that has the Character of Prayerless upon it, 1 must now Publish what these poor Women assure me: 'Tis this, in Obedience to the instructions which the French have given them, they would have Prayers in their Family no less than Thrice every Day ; in the Morning, at Noon, and in the Evening ; nor would they ordinarily let their Chil- dren Eat or Sleep without first saying their Prayers. Indeed these Idolators were like the rest of their whiter Brethren Persecutors, and would not en- dure that these poor Women should retire to their English Prayers, if they could hinder them.-' Nevertheless, the poor Women had nothing but Fer- vant Prayers to make their Lives Comfortable or Tolerable ; and by being daily sent out upon Business, they had Opportunities together and asunder to do like another Hannah, in Pouring out their Souls before the Lord : Nor did their praying Friends among our selves forbear to Pour out Sup- lications for them. Now they could not observe it without some Wonder, that their Indian Master sometimes when he saw them dejected would say u.nto them, What need you Trouble your self^ If your God loill have you delivered, you shall he so ! And it seems our God would have it so to be. This Indian Family was now Travelling with these Two Captive AVomen (and an English Youth taken from Worcester a year and a half before,) unto a Eendezvouz of Salvages, which they call a Town, some- where beyond Penacook ;f and they still told these poor Women, that when they came to this Town they must be Stript, and Scourg'd and Piun the Gantlet through the whole Army of Indians. They said this was the Fash- ion when the Captives first came to a Town ; and they derided some of the Faint-hearted English, which they said, fainted and swoon'd away under the Torments of this Discipline. J But on April 30,§ while they were yet, it may be, about an Hundred and Fifty Miles from the Indian Town, a little before break of Day, when the whole Crew was in a Dead Sleep, (Reader, see if it prove not so !) one of these Women took up a Resolution ° Their master, some years before, had lived in the family of Rev. Mr. Rowlandson, of Lancaster, and Ue told Mrs. Duston that " when he prayed the English way he thought that it was good, but now he found the French way better." — Sewell's Diary. t They had not yet started for the rendezvous, but the captives were informed that they would soon start. The place of destination was Canada, where the Indian expected to obtain from the French a handsome sum for his captives. I The jjauntlett consisted of two files of Indians, of both sexes, and of all ngcs, containing .all that could be mustered in the village ; and the unhappy prisoners were obliged to run between them, when they were scoffed at and beaten by each one as they passed, and were sometimes marks at which the younger Indians threw their hatchets. This cruel custom was often practised by many of the tribes, and not nufre- quently the poor prisoners sunk beneath it. § This would make their stay at the island about five weeks, or a little more. 190 msTORT or nAVERniLL. to imitate the Action of ./ae/upon Sisera,- and being where she had not her own Life secured by any Lmv unto her, she thought she was not foi-- biddcn by any Laiv to take away the Life of the Murderers, by whom her Chikl had been Butchered. She heartened the Nurse and the Youth to assist her in this Enterprise ; and all furnishing themselves with Hatchets for the purpose, they struck such home Blows upon the Heads of their Sleeping Oppressors, that ere they could any of them struggle into any effectual resistance, at the Feet of those poor Prisoners, theyhoiv^d, they fell, they lay doxon ; at their Feet, they bowed, they fell ; where they bowed, there they fell down Dead. Only one Squaw escaped sorely AVoundedf from them in the Dark ; and one Boy, whom they reserved asleep, intend- ing to bring him away with them, suddenly wak'd and Scuttled away from this Desolation.^ But cutting off the Scalps of these Ten Wretches, they came off,§ and received Fifty Pounds from the General' Assembly of the ^ Mrs. Duston planned the mode of escape, and prevailed upon her nurse and the boy to join her. The Indians kept no watch — for the boy had lived with them so long thty coTisidcred him as one of their children, and they did not expect that the women, unadvised and unaided, would attempt to escape, when success, at the best, appeared so desperate. ,0a the day previous, Mrs. Duston wished to learn on what part of the body the Indians struck their victims when they would despatch them suddenly, and how they took oft" a scalp. With this view she instructed the boy to make inquiries of one of the men. Accordingly, at a convenient opportunity, he asked one of them where he would strike a man, if he would kill him instantlv, .-md how to take oft' a scalp. The man laid his fmger on his temple — "strike 'em there," said he; and then instructed liim how to scalp. (1) The boy then communicated his information to Mrs Duston. (I) SewcU's Diary, and tradition. t She received seven hatchet wounds and was left for dead, but jumped up and ran into the thicket !— Vide deposition of Mrs. Sradley. X Mrs. Duston kilkd her master, and Samuel Lennardson despatched the very Indian who told him where to strike, and how to take oft' a scalp ! The deed was accomplished before the day began to break. § After performing the bloody work, Mrs. Duston gathered up what little provisions there were in the wigwam, — taking the gun of her dead m.aster, and the tomahawk(l) with which she killed him — and, Bcuttlin^; all the canoes, e.xcept one, she embarked in that, with Mrs. Ncft', and Lennardson, on the waters of the Merrimack, to seek their way to Haverhill. They had not proceeded far, however, when Mrs. Duston, perceived that they had neglected to take the scalps, and fearing lest her neighbors — should she ever arrive at her home — would not credit her story, she hastened back with her companions to the scene of death, touk oft' the scaliis of the slain, and wrapped them in a piece of linen cloth (2) that was taken frotii her house at the time of her capture. With these bloody witnesses of their feat, they hastened again ou thtir downward course to Haverhill. "A long and weary journey was before them, but they commenced it with chcerfnl hearts, each alter- nately rowing and steering thrir little bark. Though they had escaped from the clutches of their unfeel- ing master, still they were surrounded with dangers. They were thiuly clad — the sky was still inclement — and they were liable to be recaptured by strolling bands of Indians, or by those who would undoubtedly pursue them so soon as the squaw and the boy had reported their departure, and the terrible vengeance they had taken ; and were they again made prisoners, they well knew that a speedy death would follow. (1) This was some years after lost in the woods, near Mr. Duston's. (2) This she afterward divided among her daughters, and a part of it is still preser\-cd by some of their descendants. HISTORY OP HAVERHILL. 191 Province, as a Eecompence of their Action ; besides -whicli, they received many Presents of Congratulation from their more private friends ; but none gave 'em a greater Taste of Bounty than Colonel Nicholson, the Gover- nour of Maryland, who hearing of their Action, sent 'em a very generous token of his Favour." After recovering from the fatigues of the journey, Mrs. Duston and her two companions, accompanied by Mr. Duston, started for Boston, where they arrived on the 21st of April. They carried with them the gun - and tomahawk, and their ten scalps — witnesses that would not lie. Soon after their arrival, Duston presented the following petition to the General Assembly, then in session : — " To the Eight Honorable the Lieut Governor & the Great & General assembly of the Province of the Massachusetts Bay now convened in Boston The Humble Petition of Thomas Durstan of Haverhill Sheweth That the wife of ye petitioner (with one Mary Neff) hath in her Late captivity among the Barbarous Indians, been disposed & assisted by heaven to do an extraordinary action, in the just slaughter of so many of the Barbarians, as would by the law of the Province which a few months ago, have entitled the actors unto considerable recompense from the Publick. That the the of that good Law no claims to any such con- sideration from the publick, yet your petitioner humbly that the merit of the action still remains the same ; & it seems a matter of univer- sall desire thro the whole Province that it should not pass unrecompensed. And that your petioner having lost his estate in that calamity wherein his wife was carried into her captivity render him the fitter object for what This array of danger, however, did not appall them, for home was their beacon light, and the thoughts of their fire-sidcs, nerved their hearts. They continued to drop silently down the river, keeping a good look- out for strolling Indians; and in the night two of them only slept, while the third managed the boat. In this manner they pursued their journey, until they arrived safely, with their trophies, at their homes, totally unexpected by their mourning frieods, who supposed they had been butchered by their ruthless conquerors. It must truly have been an affecting meeting for Mrs. Duston, who supposed that nil she loved — all she held dear on earth — were laid in the silent tomb." — Mirick. '^ This gun continued in possession of the male line to the year 1859, when it was presented to the Biistin Monument Association of this town, by Mrs. Lucia H. Dustin, widow of Thomas Dustin, of Henniker, N. H. At a meeting of the Directors of the Association, held July 9th, 18o9, it was " Sesolved, That the Directors of the Dustin Monument Association accept with a lively sensibility the donation of the musket, as an interesting memorial of the perils and valor of the pioneer settlers of Haverhill. Resolved, That the thanks of the Association be presented to Mrs. Lucia H. Dustin, of Henniker, N. H., for the gift of this valued family relic. Hesolved, That the thanks of the Association be presented to Mr. George W. Chase for his disinte- rested efforts to procure the musket for the Association. Resolved, That the Secretary be directed to transmit copies of these votes to Mrs. Dustin, and to Mr. Chase." 192 HISTORY OF HATERHILL. consideration the public Bounty shall judge proper for what hath heen herein done, of some consequence, not only unto the persons more imme- diately delivered, but also unto the Generall Interest Wherefore humbly Eequesting a favorable Eegard on this occasion Your Petitioner shall pray &;c ThomusDu(r)stun." The petition of Duston was read in the House of Eepresentativcs, June 8th, when it was " voted that the above named Thomas Durstan in behalf of his wife shall be allowed & paid out of the publick Treasury Twenty five pounds ; & Mary Neff the sum of Twelve pounds Ten Shillings, and the young man (named Samuel Lenerson) concerned in the same action the like sum of Twelve pounds Ten Shillings." Hannah Duston was the daughter of Michael and Hannah (Webster) Emerson, and the eldest of fifteen children. She was born December 23, 1657, and was married to Thomas Duston December 3d, 1677, by whom she had thirteen children." The time of her death, and also that of her husband, is uncertain. There is a tradition, entitled to credit, that Mrs. Duston survived her husband some years, and after his death went to re- side with her son, Jonathan, who lived on the south west part of the original Thomas Duston farm. This tradition is repeated to us by Moses Merrill, Esq., now above eighty years of age, and a man of unquestioned veracity, who received it, when quite a lad, from the lips of the mother of Joseph Ayer, then about ninety years of age. Mrs. Ayer must have been born about the year 1700. She spoke of the fact, (not tradition) that Mrs. Duston resided with her son, after her husband's death, and was buried from that son's house. His house stood about twenty feet north- west of the present foundation of the " Dustin Monument." Thomas Duston was living in March, 1729, and also his son, Thomas, Jr.f Mrs. Ayer must have been about thirty years of age when Duston himself died, and was certainly old enough to remember distinctly the circumstances she related to our informant. | The favorite saying of an esteemed friend, — that " the true heroes are not always those who receive the most applause," — seems to us to be especially applicable to the case of Thomas and Hannah Duston. In every version of the story which has met our eye, or ear, Thomas Duston " For their names, see note to a preceeding page. t Vide Proprietor's Records. Thomas, Sen., was moderator of most of their meetings from 1715, to Jamiary, 1721-2. J Mrs. Ayer was the wife of Peter Ayer. Ilcr maiden name was Lydia Pcrley. The date of her marriage is not given in the Town Records, ller first child was born October 26, 1721. The sixth, Joseph, was born iu 1737. HISTORY OF nAVERIIILL. 193 has been made to occupy a subordinate position to tliat of bis wife. In- deed, in many cases, his name, and his heroic defence of his children, would seem to have been introduced merely to identify the wife and mother, and to add an accessory coloring to the picture of her exploit. But, when placed side bv side with his, the exploit of his wife, extraordi- nary as it certainly was, seems to us as the light of the moon to the brilliant rays of the sun. Hannah Duston, to escape from a cruel captivity, — not from death, not from violation even," — and to revenge the death of her child ; with tioo strong arms to assist her, courageously planned the destruction, and boldly attacked, twelve sleeping savages, seven of whom were children, and but two of whom were men. It was not with her a question of life and death, but of liberty, and revenge. Thomas Duston, with the question of life or death for himself, and a cruel captivity for his children, distinctly before him, heroically staked his life for his children / It was a " father's love " that nerved his arm, and not revenge. While, therefore, we would not, wittingly, detract one jot or tittle from the full credit due the mother, for her extraordinary feat, we claim for the pure and lofty heroism of the father, a larger share of the world's ap- plause than has as yet been awarded him. Dr. Dwight, in speaking of Thomas Duston, makes use of the following truthful language : — " A finer succession of scenes for the pencil was hardly ever presented to the eye, than is furnished by the efforts of this gallant man, with their interesting appendages. The artist must be destitute indeed of talents who could not engross evei-y heart, as well as every eye, by exhibitions of this husband and father, flying to rescue his w ife, her infant, and her nurse, from the approaching horde of savages ; attempting on hi^ horse to select from his flying family the child, which he was least able to spare, and unable to make the selection ; facing, in their rear, the horde of hell- hounds ; alternately, and sternly, retreating behind his inestimable charge, and fronting the enemy again ; receiving and returning their fire ; and presenting himself, equally, as a barrier against murderers, and a shelter to the flight of innocence and anguish. In the background of some or other of these pictures might be exhibited, with powerful impression, the kindled dwelling ; the sickly mother ; the terrified nurse, with the new '-• Tlie Imlians seldom killed, and never violated their female prisoners, when once captured. They were eitlier sold to the French, or kept for ransom. 25 194 HISTORT OF HAYERniLL. born infant in her arms ; and tlie furious natives, surrounding them, driv- ing them forTvard, and displaying the trophies of savage victory, and the insolence of savage triumph." We regret that we are unable to trace more fully the history of this heroic man/-' We cannot even say from "whence he came. The name first appears in our town records among those who built cottages between the years 16G9, and 1675; next we find it in a deed from Thomas Dus- ton to Peter Green, in 1675-6 ; then among the soldiers in King Phillip's War, (August, 1676) ; then in the list of cottages built between January, 1675, and February, 1677; then the marriage of Thomas Duston and Hannah Emerson, in December, 1677 ; and then we find, among the names of those who built cottages between February, 1677, and January, 1679, that of " Thomas Duston 2d." The name is first found in the record of our town meetings, under date of June 13, 1682. We think it probable that Duston came from the vicinity of Dover, N.H., as we find the name of " Thotr^as JDurston " among the signers of a letter to the governor of Massachusetts, dated Northam, (Dover) March 4, 1640. They subscribe themselves, — "We, the inhabitants of Northam." We also find the name " Tho Dursto7i" among those admitted freemen at Kittery, in November, 1652. It is possible, but hardly probable, that the latter was the Thomas Duston of this town. If so, he must have been at least forty-six years of age at his marriage, — (after which he had a family of thirteen children, — the last born when the father was at least sixty- eight years of age,) — and at least one hundred years of age at his death. All this is possible, but, taken together, hardly probable. It is certain, however, that the Thomas Duston of Northam, and the Thomas Duston of 1697, could not have been one and the same person. A comparison of dates and incidents in the meagre record before us, we think favor the supposition that the Thomas Duston of 1675, and the Thomas Duston 2d, of 1677, were father and son. The former may have been the Thomas Duston of 1640, and who removed to Haverhill between 1669 and 1675, with his son, and cither died or removed from the town subsequent to 1677.f ° The followiiiij is from Mirick . — *' Thomas Dustin was a man of considerable ingenui(y, and tradition says that he had a " vast deal of mother wit;" that he possessed unshaken courage and the purest and loftiest feelings of affection, cannot be doubted. It is said that he made his own almanacks, and further- more, that he always made them on rainy days. How true this is, we will not attempt to say. He had a grandson, Joshua, who was said to have been his counterpart. He once took it into his head to weave a bed-quilt, and succeeded in making an excellent one, consisting of as many colors as Joseph's coat. This curious relic is now preserved by his descendants." t Since writing the above, we have examined the recently published Geneolof/ical Dictionary of the early Settlers of New England, by James Savage, Uoston, 1860, where we find the following: " Pustin, (fr Duston, Jusiuh, of Reading 1047, had Josiah, born May 14, 1656, and perhaps others, an(^ HISTORY 05 HAYERUILL. 195 As there is a wide difference of opinion as to the location of Thomas Duston's house, at the time his wife was taken by the Indians, it will doubtless be expected that reference, at least, will be made to the matter in these pages. In March, 1G75, Thomas Duston, of Haverhill, "in consideration upon exchange of laud," deeded to Peter Green, forty-five acres of upland, more or less, " with the house, orchard, and purtenances." The land was bounded on the east corner by a white oak, " and so bounded on hack*'' meadow highway." The northwest corner was bounded by " Spicket path."! This land was on the west side of Little Eiver, but the descrip- tion will not apply to any part of the " Thomas Duston farm," upon which the monument to Hannah Duston is now in course of erection. In August, 1697, (five months after Mrs. Duston's capture) William Starlin, of Haverhill, deeded to Thomas Duston, in consideration of one hundred pounds, "my Ten acres of land who I purchased of ye said Town," — lying at a place called ye fishing Eiver neer ye house of Mat- thew Herriman, the bounds thereof as it is entered in ye Townes booke of record, with all ye houses, housing, mills, Damms, streams of water fences oarchards Trees wood timber and all other rights," &c. ; — also, "my other Ten acres of Land adjoining to ye former which I had by grant from said Towne on condition that I and my heirs did build a Corne Mill which might be for ye use of sd Towne. "| (Starlin deeded it to Duston on the same condition. )§ This land was on the east side of Little Eiver, and a part of the "Duston Farm," near the northerly end of Primrose Street. It was the earliest deed to Duston of land on that side of the river. This, in our opinion, makes it certain that Duston did not reside on the east side of Little Eiver when his wife was captured ; and, as the deed is dated less than two months subsequent to the vote of the General Court, grant- ing him fifty pounds for the scalps taken by his wife, it almost confirms the old and generally received tradition, that the above place was hoiujlxt with the scalp money. In the town records, under date of March 4, 1701-2, mention is made of " the highway that leads up to Tho Duston's Mill." This is strong died January 16, 1672. Thomas, of Dover 1610, perhaps removed to Kitteiy before 1652. Thomas, of Haverhill, perhaps son of the preceding, married Hannah Emerson, December 3, 1677." « Hawk. t Essex Reg. Deeds, book 20, p. 2. t Essex Reg. Deeds, book 13, p. 43. § February 24, 1684, the town granted Wm. Starlin two ten acre lots. One lot was " at the Fishing River, near the saw mill path." (The lot was bounded on one side by the river) ; the other ailjoined the above, .and was granted " For encouragement of Wra. Starlin to set up a Corn Mill at Fishing River, near to Robert Emerson's." — Town Records, Vol. 1, jp. 183. 196 niSTOET OF nATERniLL. presumptive evidence that Duston at tLat time resided at Fishing Kiver. Vi'c have no doubt that he removed there soon after he purchased the place. But that he actually did, subsetj[ueutly, reside there, is, we think, made clear by the following: — In June, 1717, Thomas Dustin deeded to his son Nathaniel, — "in consideration of yt Love I bear to My )Son Nathaniel Durston of ye town of Haverhill, =•' •' =•' one piece or Tract of Upland and meadow land lyinge and being in ye township of Haverhill aforesd, containing twenty acres more or less, heivgye one half of my Living I formerly lived on, on ye West Side of ye Saw J/ill River, and ye easterly pai't thereof."'' In March, 1723—1, Thomas Dustin deeded to his son, Timothy Dustin, " in* consideration of parental love and affection, =-•' --' " the full possession to be given after my decease, '-' my dwelling or mansion house Barn and Corn Mill now standing on the Fishing Eivcr ; " also, "one moiety or half part of my homestead or house lott, containing twelve acres, part of which land I purchased of Wm Starling. "f On the 8th of September, ISGO, the writer of these pages, in company with Moses Merrill, Esq., — than whom no one now living has had more frequent and favorable opportunities for examining and locating ancient deeds of land in the north and west parts of the town, — visited the place designated by Mr. Merrill as that upon which Thomas Duston lived at the time his wife was taken, and his house burned, by the savages, in 1697. The southci'ly line of the original farm bounds upon the cross road, on the northerly side of which the proposed " Dustin Monument " is now being erected, and the new school-house is located, and runs about northeast and southwest, from a point a few rods southwest of the monument site, to the Little Kiver. - The northerly line runs parallel with the above, thus giv- ing the farm the form of a parallellogram, with about one third of it on the westerly side of Jew Street. Having amved at the spot, Mr. Merrill made, in substance, the follow- ing statement : — "This is the original Thomas Duston farm, as I always understood it. It was laid out for ' eighty acres, more or less,' but con- tains considerable more than that. (We walked about oue hundred and sixty feet easterly from the road.) Here is the well belonging to the new house which Duston was building at the time the attack was made by the Indians. (AVe continued our walk about one hundred and twenty feet ° In March, 1723-4, Thomns Puston deeded to his son, Jonathan Duston, — "in consideration of parental love and nntural airection" — "The Homestead or Lott whereon the said Jonathan now dtvclls" — •' fifteen acres, more or less," — "bounded at a great rock by the highway, w/iic/j is a corner bound of land I gave to my son Nathaniel." — " Essex Reg. Deeds, book 5i, j>. 206. t Essex Reg. Deeds, book 43, p. 107. HISTORY OF HAVERHILL. 197 further, in the same direction.) Here is the cellar of Duston's new brick house. (We continued our walk easterly, toward the lower land. About two hundred and fifty feet from the cellar, Mr. Merrill stopped, looked about, — evidently taking the bearing of the surrounding objects,' — went a little distance east, returned to nearly the same spot, hesitated, — ob- served that it was many years since he had been on the ground, and it was now somewhat changed by cultivation, — and, at length, struck his stick upon the ground, apparently firmly decided.) The house from which Hannah Duston was taken stood just about here. When I was young, I could see the cellar distinctly, though it was partly filled with stones. It must have been a small house, because the cellar was small. I have no doubt that this is the identical spot, because, when I was quite a lad, I heard old Mrs. Ayer (' Joseph Ayer's mother ' ) say that she knew this ivas the place. She coupled the assertion with a curious remark, which I have never forgotten, and which served to fix the circumstance firmly in my mind. She was very aged at the time. I never heard any other place spoken of, until within a few years. (We noticed, distinctly, that Mr. Merrill stood just within the edge of a small place where the grass was apparently much drier than that all about it. Might not this have been caused by the thin layer of soil over the stones with which the old cellar was filled, and the consequent leaching of the moisture ? We walked a few rods beyond the edge of the low ground, and stopped at a well.) Here is the well. I have a distinct impression that, in my younger days, the house was spoken of as having been twenty rods, or such a matter, northwest from this well.-'' (Wc returned to the road, upon the opposite side of which — and a little to the south — Mr. Merrill pointed out an old cellar.) Here is where Nathaniel Duston lived. The land was given him by his father. Jonathan lived over at the southwesterly corner, beyond the new school-house. {Question. — How did it happen that the monument ground came to be regarded as the site of the original Duston house?) I don't know, unless the tradition that Mrs. Duston was buried from that house, became confounded with the other traditions. Old Mrs. Ayer said that after Mr. Duston died, Mrs. Duston lived with her son, Jonathan, on that place, and was buried from his house." o A pocket compass subsequently jravc us the fallowing bearings : — Mr. Charles Dustan's house in the Korth Parish, hears about ten degrees north of east from the Well; and the house of Mr. J. Whitaker about ten degi-ees west of south. From the well to the old cellar is one hundred and sixty-four feet, in a west-north-west direction. From the latter to the new cellar is seventy-one paces. From the north-east corner of the later, the North Church bears almost exactly south-east. The well of the new house is about one hundred and twenty feet from the new cellar, and about one hundred and sixty feet east from the road. The "Monument" site bears south-west from the last named well and cellar. The cellar of the house of Jonathan Duston, is about twenty feet north-west from the site of the " Dustin Monument." 198 HISTORY OF HAVERHILL. We have tlius given the substance of such deeds, grants, and authorita- tive traditions, as bear directly upon the point in issue, and the reader is left free to decide the matter for himself, ^\e will only add, that we commenced the investigation unbiassed in favor of either of the locations contended for, but rise from it fidly convinced that the one designated by Mr. Merrill is the true one.= ' But to return from this long digression, to our narrative. After the attack on Duston's house, the Indians dispersed themselves in small par- ties, and attacked the houses in the vicinity. Nine houses were plundered and reduced to ashes on that eventful day, and in every case their owners were slain while defending them. Twenty-seven persons were slaughtered, (fifteen of them children) and thirteen captured, f The following is a list of the killed : — John Keezar, his father, and son, George ; John Kimball and his mother, Hannah ; Sarah Eastman ; Thomas Eaton ; Thomas Emer- son, his wife, Elizabeth, and two children, Timothy and Sarah ; Daniel Bradlc}^ his wife, Hannah, and two children, Mary and Hannah ; Martha Dow, daughter of Stephen Dow ; Joseph, Martha, and Sarah Bradley, children of Joseph Bradley ; Thomas and Mehitable Kiugsbury ; Thomas Wood and his daughter, Susannah; John Woodman and his daughter, Susannah ; Zechariah White ; and Martha, the infant daughter of Mr. Duston. Having fully glutted their thirst for blood, and fearing a general alarm of the town, the savages, in small parties, as was their custom, commenced a hasty retreat. The rumor of this attack soon teached the village, and an armed party was collected and started in pursuit, but without success. Mirick adds the following, to his account of this attack: — " One of their number stole the old or first town book, and with a few others re- treated up the river. In the westerly part of the town, now Methuen, they came upon a yoke of oxen, and with that hellish barbarity which is their principal characteristic in war, cut out their tongues, struck up a fire and broiled them. Had they despatched the oxen, after their tongues were out, it would have been a deed of mercy ; but instead of doing that, they left them in that dreadful situation. After their repast was over, o The distance from that spot to the site of the old garrison house on Pecker's Hill," in an air line, is a fraction over one mile. From th« monument site, to the same place, is a little less than a mile; the diftercnce bein^ about fifty rods. So far, then, as the distance is concerned, either place will agree with the tradition. t From a petition to the Governor and Council, under date of April 17, 1701, we learn that the follow- in? Haverhill captives were still missing: — D.iniel Bradley, aged seven ; Abigail Kimball, aged eight; and Pli'llip Cod, agodsix; — all talccn Man:h 15, 1G97 : Jonathan Haines, aged twelve; and Joseph Haines, aged seven ; — talien August 15, 1090 : and Abraham Whittilicr, aged eight or nine, taken in August, 1091. HISTORY OF HAVERHILL. 199 they continued tlieir retreat, but either designedly or intentionally, left the town-book. It was soon found, but so damaged with water, that many of the records were perfectly illegible." We feel confident that Mirick is in error in both these particulars — for the following reasons : — Nathaniel Saltonstall, who was then Town Clerk, and had held the office constantly since 1669, lived at the place, east of the village, so long in possession of his family, and we can hardly see how the savages, who did not venture within about two miles of his house, could have obtained possession of the town-book. Perhaps, however, the book was at that time in the possession of the family of John Carleton, the. former Clerk, who lived on the place west of the village, now owned and occupied by his descendant and namesake. But even in that case, or, indeed, in any case, we can hardly credit the story of an Indian making a prize of an old record book, when there were so many other things within his grasp, far more attractive and valuable to savage eyes. But in regard to the second particular, we have no doubt that Mirick is mistaken. We think that he has misplaced the incidents belonging to a subsequent outrage, which happened in the same vicinity. We refer to the massacre of Jonathan Haynes and Samuel Ladd, which took place near World's End Pond, in the February following. Each of these men had a yoke of oxen, which the Indians killed, and then " cut out their tongues, and the best pieces," to carry along with them.'''' This party camped over night in " Mill Meadow," about one mile and a half north-east of the above pond. Considering the great difficulty, not to say impossibility, of cutting out the tongue of a living ox, iinder such circumstances, and the striking similarity of the two traditions in other respects, we have no hes- itation in expressing the opinion that the savages were not guilty of the charge thus alledged against them. Erom the following, which passed the Assembly March 22d, 1697, it appears that at the time an opinion prevailed that Col. Saltonstall was cen- surable for negligence in this matter. But as nothing further appears to have been done about it, we are bound to believe thaji the complaint origi- nated from the anguish of bereavement, rather than from any fault of the Colonel. " Whereas it is reported that Col Saltingstall hath been very negligent of his duty as Col: & that the late damage at Haverhill wherin about 40 of his majesties subjects were killed & captivated by the Heathin enemie besides six houses burnt & much spoile, & yt the said Coll did not (as he " Tradition, as repeated to us by the vener;iblo Mr. Isaiah How, who lives near the place of the massacre. 200 HISTORY OF KAVERniLL. ougtt) when he had notice of the enemies approach take care to draw them into Garrison ; nor encourage the pursuit of them "when persons offered ; that his Honor will be pleased to make inquiry into said affair & see that there may be due annimadversons ; which may be a proper means to pre- vent the like miscariages."=-= It was a terrible blow for the town. Some of its most useful citizens, and promising youth, were among the slain ; and well knowing that they were daily and hourly liable to similar attacks, it needs no stretch of im- agination to declare that fear seized the herrts of the inhabitants. The most vigorous measures were speedily taken to prevent, if possible, another similar bloody massacre : guards were stationed in many of the houses, and the brick house of Thomas Duston, that had been partly fin- ished the year previous, but had not been occupied, was ordered to be garrisoned. The following is a copy of the order to Mr. Duston, when appointed to command it :f " To Thomas Dustin, upon the settlement of garrisons. April 5 169G-7. You being appointed master of the garrison at your house, you are hereby, in his Maj's [Majesty's] name, required to see that a good watch is kept at your garrison both by night and by day, by those persons hereafter named who are to be under your command and inspection in building or rejiairing 3^ our garrison ; and if any person refuse or neglect their duty, you are accordingly required ta make return of the same, under your hand, to the Committee of militia in Haverhill. The persons appointed are as followeth: — .losiah Heath, sen., Josiah Heath, jun., Joseph Bradley, John Heath, Joseph Kingsbury, and Thomas Kingsbury. By order of the Committee of militia. Samuel Aver, Capt. Mr. Duston was, for the times, largely engaged in brick-making. The business, however, was attended with no little danger, on account of the Indians, who were almost continually lurking in the vicinity, watching an opportunity for a successful attack, 'fhe clay-pits were only a short dis- tance from the garrison, but the enemy were so bold that a file of soldiers constantly guarded those who brought the clay from the pits to the yard near the house, where it was made into bricks. There is a good story told of one Joseph AVhittaker, one of the guard stationed at this garrison while commanded by Mr. Dustin, and which will doubtless be looked for in this place : — Joseph was a young, unmarried man, full of " marcury," as the story goes, who became deeply entangled in the webs unconsciously wound <* Slate Archives. t ^^rs. Duston hail not yet rcturncil from her captivity. , -. i HISTORY OF hayehhill. 201 arotind his susceptible heart, by one Mary Whittaker, who was then living in the garrison. Joseph struggled long and manfully to escape from the silken meshes, but in vain. At last, summoning all his courage to his assistance, he improved a favorable opportunity to make a declaration of his passion. But, ah ! most unfortunate Joseph, Mary did not listen with favor to his story. He pleaded, he entreated, he imploi-ed her to take pity on his forlorn condition, but all to no purpose. Mary Whittaker em- phatically declared that she did not reciprocate the passion of the aforesaid Joseph Yv'hittaker — not she. Joseph arose: his Whittaker blood was up ; and he was not to be turned off in that manner — and by aAVhittaker, too — not he. He told Mary that unless she accepted his offer, he would jump into the well, and thus put an end to the life of the unhappy Joseph "\Miit- taker. But Mary was not to be so easily won, and, " with one long, lingering look behind," Joseph immediately left the garrison, went straight to the well, seized a large log near by. and — threw it into the dark, deep waters ! Mary heard the plunge, and her heart relented. She suddenly remembered how fondly she loved him, and, with her hair streaming in the dark night-wind, she rushed to the well, and, with bleeding, agonizing heart, cried out — "Oh, Joseph! Joseph! if you are in the land of the living, I will have you." Joseph immediately emerged from his hiding place, and threw himself into her arms, exclaiming — " Mary, I will take you at your word." Although the two Whittakers were soon afterward made one, we do not learn that the number of Whittakers was thereby permanently diminished. No further attack was made on the inhabitants of this town the same year, but other places suffered severely, =■' and the whole frontier was kept in a state of continual fear, anxiety, and watchfulness. The next year, the Indians commenced their incursions unusually early. On the 22d of February, a party fell upon Andover, killed five of the in- habitants, and captured as many more. On their return, the same party killed Jonathan Haynes and Samuel Ladd, of this town, and captured a son of each.f Haynes and Ladd, who lived in the western part of the town, had started that morning, with their teams, consisting of a yoke of oxen and a o At Groton, May 20, one person was killed and three wounded ; at Exeter, June 10th, one was killed, one wounded, and one cnptured ; the same day, two were taken captive at Amesbury ; July 29th, three were killed and one wounded, at Dover; August 7th, three were killed, and three captured at Saco; September 8th, twelve were killed, and twelve wounded, at Damariscotta; September 11th, twenfy-one were killed, two wounded, and six captured at Lancaster ; and November loth, one person was killed, and one captured at Jojjnson's creek. T Mirick. 26 202 HISTORY OF IIATBEHILL. horse, each, and accompanied with their eldest sons, Joseph and Daniel, io bring home some of their hay, which had been cut and stacked the preced- ing summer, in their meadow, in the extreme western part of the town. "While they were slowly returning, little dreaming of present danger, they suddenly found themselves between two files of Indians, who had concealed themselves in the bushes on each side of their path. There were seven of them on a side. With guns presented and cocked, and the fathers, seeing it was impossible to escape, begged for "quarter." To this, the Indians twice replied, "boon quarter ! boon quarter ! " (good quarter.) Young Ladd, who did not relish the idea of being quietly taken prisoner, told his father that he Avould mount the horse, and endeavor to escape. But the old man forbid him to make the attempt, telling him it was better to risk remaining a prisoner. He cut his father's horse loose, however, and giving him the lash, he started off at full speed, and though repeatedly fired at by the Indians, succeeded in reaching home, and was the means of giving an immediate and general alarm.''' Two of the Indians then stepped behind the fathers, and dealt them a heavy blow upon the head. Mr. Haynes, who was quite aged, instantly fell, but Ladd did not. Another of the savages then stepped before the latter, and raised his hatchet as if to strike. Ladd closed his eyes, ex- pecting the blow would fall — but it came not — and when he again opened them, he saw the Indian laughing and mocking at his fears. Another im- mediately stepped behind him and felled him at a blow. " The Indians, on being asked why they killed the old men, said that they killed Haynes because he was ' so old he no go ivith tis ; ' — meaning that he was too aged and infirm to travel ; and that they killed Ladd, who was a fierce, stern looking man, because ' he so sour.' They then started for Penacook, where they arrived, with the two boys. Young Ladd soon grew weary of his situation, and one night after his Indian master and family had fell asleep, he attempted to escape. He had proceeded but a short distance, when he thought that he should want a hatchet to fell trees t ) assist him in"crossing the streams. He accordingly returned, entered a wigwam near his master's, where an old squaw lay sick, and took a hatchet. The sipaw watched his movements, and probably thinking that he intended to kill her, vociferated with all her strength. This awakened the Indians in the wigwam, who instantly arose, re-captured him, and delivered him again to his master, who bound his hands, laid him upon his back, fastened * One version of the tnidition is, thut the horse rushed against the door of his muster's house, bursting it open, and fell dead upon the threshold, upon seeing which, Mrs. Ladd exclairatd, in agony, " Oh ! the Ind'ans have kiljed Ladd," HISTORY or HAVERHILL. 203 one of his feet to a tree, and in that manner kept him fourteen nights. They then gashed his face with their knives, filled the wounds with pow- der, and kept him on his back until it was so indented in the flesh, that it was impossible to extract it. He carried the scars to his gi-ave, and is now frequently spoken of by his descendants as the ' marked man.' Some years after, he found means to return, and his scarred and powdered counte- nance produced many witticisms at his expense. He was one day walking the streets of Boston, and a parrot observing his ' marked ' features, vocif- erated, * a rogue ! a rogue ! ' Haynes remained a prisoner with the Indians some years, and was at last redeemed by his relatives. "=■•■' When Haynes was about leaving the Indians, his master, in token of his good will and esteem, presented him his best cane. This cane is now in the possession of Guy C. Haynes, of East Boston, a descendant. The upper half is neatly ornamented with diamond-shaped figures, cut with a knife. On the -Sth of March, a party of about forty Indians again attacked Andover, killed five persons, burnt two houses, and two barns with the cattle in them. On their retvirn, "they made spoil on Haverhill."f This proved to be the last attack in the vicinity, during this war. Peace being declared between France and England, the governor of Canada in- formed the Indians that he could no longer support them in their war against the English, and advised them to bury the hatchet, and re- store their captives. This they concluded to do, and a treaty was at length made with them at Casco. During this war, (from June, 1689, to May, 1698,) five hundred and sixty-one persons were killed, eighty-one wounded, and one hundred and sixty-one captured by the Indians, in Massachusetts, Xcw Hampshire, and Maine, including Schnectady. Soon after peace was declare^, a gen- eral contribution was taken in the Province, for the relief of those who were prisoners with the French and Indians. On the return of peace, the settlers were again allowed to engage in the cultivation of their land, and in the increasing of their flocks and herds, without the constant fear of an attack from an unseen and barbarous foe. ** Mirick. t Hutchinson. This " spoil," we presume, was the burning of the house and buildings of Philip East- naan, which were destroyed by the Indians this year. 20-i HISTORY OP DAVERHlLIw CHAPTER XlY. Indian Troubles — 1700 to 1710. At the annual town meeting for 1699, nine applications were made for grants of land, all of tohich were denied. The town had for some time been growing more sparing in its grants of land, and it now seems to have decided not to grant any more, except for "value received," cither in money, or some other equally tangible and valuable equivalent. As the town increased in population and importance, its lands became the more valuable, and the number of applications for new grants inci eased in a corresponding ratio. As the township was originally purchased by a few individuals, their descendants, as the undivided lands become more and more valuable, must have frequently found themselves considering the question totvhom do these ungranted lands belong] The records of the year 1700, for the first time, show that this was the case, and that the general feeling was strongly against new comers into town having any voice in the further disposition of the " common lands." It appears that some years previous, a committee had been chosen to consider the matter, but nothing bad been done by them. At the annual meeting this year, the subject assumed considerable prominence, as will be seen from the following : — " There being too much apparent disorder in the voting about disposal and improvement of Common land, those that have no interest in Common land putting in votes, and overrunning by violence and combination the certain Proprietors, to dispose and order their own : it is Ordered that Cornet Peter Ayer being deceased, who was one of the Committee men formerly appointed for the examination of the rights that any have in Common land in this town, and privilege to vote about the same ; That another man be now chosen to join with Nath: Saltonstall and John White who are yet alive of said Committee." Captain Samuel Ayer was chosen to fill the vacancy, and then " after long discourse," it was voted " That there shall not be any further proceed for ,Gift, Grant, Sale, or Exchange, or alteration of any land laying in Common, to, or with any person, till by Law or Town order, it be known who are the Proprietors that have liberty to vote about the disposal of land, which they are to make out to the said Committee men this day appointed to consider the same and make report thereon." HISTORY OF HAVEKHILL. 205 The next vote was as follows : — " By reason of many alterations of the Proprietors unto lands lying in Common, either stinted or not already granted, which makes it uncertain who are the owners who have a right to vote and order the same which hath this day (upon some men's claiming a right which is not known) put a stop to the proprietors in the business lying before them ; the Town do hereby refer the examination of that matter unto the said Committee this day appointed thereunto." The next we find touching the matter, is the record of a meeting August 26, 1700, designated as " a meeting of the Proprietors to ungranted and undivided lands to consider about encroachments &c. called by the Select- men's AYarrant. At this meeting nothing was done, except to confirm the doings of a previous meeting, when certain things were done "by a full and unanimous, though mixed vote of inhabitants and proprietors." The object seems to have been to draw and preserve the line of distinction between those who were Proprietors of the ungranted lands in the town, and those who were merely inhabitants. In this view, the Town from this time refused to act on any matters involving the proprietorship of these ungranted lands. Thus, in 1702, in reply to a petition of Joseph Peasely for an exchange of land, the town refused to consider the matter, because the petition was " not directed to the proprietors of lands, but to the Town, many of whom have no power to vote in the disposal of lands." Previous to this time, the town had invariably voted upon each demand or bill against the town, separately — or, in other words, had been its own auditor— but this way of doing the business had now become too cumber- some, and, to save time and trouble, a committee was chosen " to audit the bills of claims, and so to settle the account on each bill, and return the sum total to the town." The amount reported, was nineteen pounds, seventeen shillings, two and a half pence, for which the selectmen were ordered to lay a rate upon the inhabitants. This year, a building was ordered to be erected for a watch-house, school- house, and for any other use to which it might be appropriated. It was buflt on what is now Main street, near the top of the hill, and faced the Merrimack. Trouble with the Indians already again threatened the frontier towns, and measures of defense forced themselves upon the inhabitants. From documents in the State Archives, we learn that in March and April of this year, (1700) Capt. Samuel Ayer had twenty soldiers under his command, who were in constant service during that time in this town. March 16th, twenty men were sent from Ipswich to Haverhill ; thirty to Wells ; fifteen to York ; fifteen to Kittery, and ten to Amesbury. 20 G HISTORY OF HATERniLL. On the 3d of June, a grammar-scliool was ordered to be established im. mediately, and Mr. Kichard Saltonstall was appointed to procure a suitable instructor. In July thirty pounds were raised to be appropriated for that purpose ; and the selectmen were ordered to " write a letter to the scholar that Kichard Saltonstall had treated with, or to some other meet person, to invite him to come and be the school-master for this town of Haverhill." The school was not, however, established ; as we find that the next year, September 12th, a meeting was called to see about a school-master, when " The question being moved by some of the inhabitants whether this Town is obliged by the Law to be provided with a Grammar school-master — Yea or no : the Town answers in the negative and therefore do not proceed to do it, because they do not find they have the number of one hundred families or householders which the law mentions." At the annual election, in 1701, John AYhite was chosen Town Clerk, in place of Nathaniel Saltonstall, who had filled the ofiice regularly, and acceptably, since 1668, a period of more than thirty years. The latter was now an old man, grown gray in the active and honorable servive of his country, and his town, and he sought, in the retirement of his own fire-side, that repose which should the better fit him for his approaching sunset of life.'" A special committee was chosen, at this time, " to seat all such strangers as are come to town since the last seating, or such as may come the present year to dwell here as settled inhabitants." It was further ordered that, " if any of the inhabitants did sit in any seat where he or she was not seated, should pay a fine of one shilling in money." It appears that Joseph Peasely had recently suffered considerably by fire, for the town " voted to give him his rates" on that account. Early in the spring, the Indians again made their appearance, in small parties, traversing the woods in every direction. They soon became bold, and attacked the garrison of Jonathan Emerson ; but were repulsed with the loss of two killed, while the whites sustained no injury. One of the soldiers, after the war was over, meeting one of the Indians, spoke of the attack, when the following dialogue ensued : ■ — " ' You had two of your number slain,' said the garrison man, ' How do you know that?' asked the Indian. * "NVe saw your biers,' was the reply. ' Ugh, Ugh,' grunted the tawny fellow of the woods. 'And you put them in the great hole,' continued the garrison man. ' Ugh, Ugh I no, we did not,' muttered the Indian, feeling that he was questioned too closely. ' What did you do with them ? ' asked the garrison man, laugh- o He died in 1707. HISTORY OP HAVERHILL. 207 ing in his sleeve, as the saying is, confident that he had the best end of the dispute. ' We carried them to the deep hole above,' he replied, sharply ; and immediately wheeled about and marched for the ■woods."'-' The " deep holes," referred to by the Indian, were situated in the low- lands, a short distance from the junction of Fishing and Little Eivers, and not far from the present brick-yards. One of them not many years since, was near fifteen feet in depth, and was called the great hole ; and the other was called the deep hole. Soon after the attack on the garrison, 'two Indian biers were found near them, which led to the supposition that two of the enemy were slain. The breaking out of a new war in Europe, was the occasion of this re- newal of Indian hostilities. The inhabitants of the town again found themselves exposed to all the dangers and horrors of a savage border war- fare, and were obliged to resort to former measures of defence and security. f In addition to the old garrisons, one was ordered to be kept in the north- easterly part of the town, in the house of James Sanders, who lived near the foot of the hill still known by his name, — "Sander's Hill." His house stood on or near the site of the present house of Kichard Stuart.| It was customary for the nearest neighbors to sleep in the garrisons at night, but one Thomas Whittier,§ a member of the Society of Friends, who lived near the garrison above mentioned, always refused to shelter himself and family beneath its roof. Belying upon the weapons of his faith, he left his own house unguarded, and unprotected with palisades, and carried with him no weapons of war. The Indians frequently visited him, and the family often heard them, in the stillness of the evening, whispering beneath the windows, and sometimes saw them peep in upon the little group of prac- tical "non-resistants." Friend Whittier always treated them civilly and hospitably, and they ever retired without molesting him. To injure such a household, was too diabolical, even for a blood-thirsting savage. January 5, 1702, a meeting was called to see about laying a tax " for the defraying the Town charges in 1701." The following, which is given as the total indebtedness of the Town, is well worth a place in our pages : — " To Mr Benj Eolfe £01.10.00 To Capt Ayre 09.15.00 * Tradition. — Mirich. t The House of Representatives (1702) ordered snnw-shoes to be provided for the frontier towns, on account of their exposure to Indian depredations in the winter. X John Sanders, the first of that name in this town, was from Weeks, in the Parish of Dainton, County of Wilts, England. He made his will in 1670. The above-named James, was, we believe, a son of the first John. § The ancester of our distinguished Poet. 208 HISTORY OF HAVERniLL. To John "V\Tiite 06,14.00 To the Schoolmaster 06.00.00 To the Selectmen's salary 02.10.00 To the Assessors of the Country Tax 01.04.00 To making return of the choice of Representative OO.OG.OO To time and money spent to obtain a Schoolmaster 00.06.00 To returning an account of the Country Tax 00.08.00 To Jotham Hendrick 01.03.06 To Constable Bartlitt 00.03.00 To Hanniel Clark 00.12.00 To Constable Simmons 00.03.00 To Capt Simon Wainwright 00.02.00 To the Committee for Micall Emerson's land 01.10.00 Tlie above sums the Town voted to pay, after deducting the following credits : — " Due to the Town from Ens. Saml Hutchins £00.09.09 from Joseph Bond 00.08.06 from Serjt Josiah Gage 00.07.03 from Const. Saml Ayer 00.08.06 Leaving the Town's indebtedness £31.12.06, for which a rate, or tax, was voted to be made. This year, John Hutchins was chosen " Sealer of Leather."" Such an officer was first chosen in 1675, and from that time to 1702, Michael Emerson had been annually re-elected.f The minister, Mr. Eolfe, applying to the town for a supply of wood, ten pounds was added to his salary for that purpose, and he was also allowed " four public contributions."! The Selectmen being ordered to get a Schoolmaster, for this year, " with all the speed they possibly can," engaged a Mr. Tufts, and agreed to pay him thirty-four pounds for his services. The cause of this great hurry to get a schoolmaster, was the fact, which afterward appears, that the town had been again "presented" for being destitute of a school. Their post- haste compliance with the law did not, however, save them from a fine for previous neglect. § At the annual meeting in 1 703, Captain Eichard Saltonstall petitioned for liberty to run a fence " from the pound cross over the spot where the ° John Hutchins was a son of Joseph, of this town, who was probably a son of John, of Newbury, as were also John and Samuel, of this town. t A Cleric of the Market was first chosen in 1098. Ensign Thomas Eatton was the first, and continued in the office until 1706. t Four public contributions were first granted him the year previous, and were annually voted him until his death, in 1708. § Court Records, HISTORY OP HAVERHILL. ^ 209 old meeting-house formerly stood, to his fence," and to " feed the burying- place." or else he wanted the town themselves to fence in the burying- place by itself. They voted to do the latter. Prom this it appears that the old meeting-house had already disappeared, though it was only about three years since it was abandoned for worship. Let us, then, fondly believe that it was not, after all, occupied as a horse shed ! Mr. Tufts' engagement as schoolmaster having expired, a meeting was held July 21, to see what should be done for the future. After much dis- cussion, the meeting adjourned to August ISth, when they met, and again adjourned to September loth, without coming to any decision. At the meeting in September, " after much discourse about getting a school- master, the town, on consideration of their troubles with the Indians, resolved that nothing should be done about it, and the meeting was dissolved. That the town had good excuse for declining to assume the expense of a school in their then exposed and straightened condition, is made evident by a subsequent order of the General Court (November 1705) exempting all towns of less than two hundred families from keeping a Grammar School for three years, — on account of their being impoverished by the Indian war. The Indians had been quite peaceable for a year or two, and the inhabi- tants pleased themselves with the hope that they would not again trouble them. They therefore relaxed their watchfulness, and neglected to guard their dwellings as strictly as in former years. But the French in Canada were again stirring up the savages to deeds of blood and cruelty, and plotting the ruin of the frontier settlements of New England. The first important attack in this war," was made on the 10th of August, when five hundred French and Indians ravaged the settlements from Casco to AVells, and killed and captured one hundred and thirty persons. The news of this incursion had hardly reached this town, when intelligence was received of an attack on Hampton, by a party of thirty Indians, in which five of the inhabitants were killed. It was this alarming intelli- gence, that led to the adjournment of the second meeting above alluded to, and the final decision of September 15th. The attack on Hampton proved to be the last one of that season, and the inhabitants were left to pass a few months in gloomy anxiety, and fearful apprehensions. During the winter, as the Indians had heretofore seldom made their appearance before the opening of spring, less care was taken to guard ^ Which is known as the French a7id Indian War. 27 210 niSTORY OF HAVERniLL. against surprise. This carelessness proved fatal, ere winter was over, aa luay be seen from tbe following account, wliich we copy from Mirich: — " On the 8tli of February, about 3 or 4 o'clock in the afternoon,-' a party of six Indians attacked the garrison of Joseph Bradley, which was unhappily in an unguarded state — even the sentries had left their stations, and the gates were open. The Indians approached cautiously, and were rushing into the open gates, before they were discovered. Jonathan John- son, a sentinel, who was standing in the house, shot at and wounded the foremost, and Mrs. Bradley, who had a kettle of boiling soap over the fire, seized her ladle, and filling it with the steaming liquid, discharged it on his tawuy pate — a i'oa/v-orific that almost instantly brought on a sleep, from which he has never since awoke.f The rest of tbe party immediately rushed forward, killed Johnson, | made prisoner of the intrepid woman, and of some otliers. Pike in his Journal says four.§ Three persons es- caped from the garrison. The Indians, then fearing lest they should soon be attacked by a stronger party, commenced a hasty retreat, aiming for Canada, which was their place of resort when they had been so successful as to take a number of prisoners. Mrs. Bradley was in delicate circumstances, and in slender health ; still she received no kindness from her savage conquerors. No situation of woman would ever protect her from their demon-like cruelties. The weather was cold ; the wind blew keenly over the hills, and the ground was covered with a deep snow, — -yet they obliged her to travel on foot, and carry a heavy burthen, too large even for the strength of man. In this manner they proceeded through the wild wilderness ; and Mrs. Brad- ley informed her family, after she returned, that for many days in succes- sion, she subsisted on nothing but bits of skin, ground-nuts, the bark of trees, wild onions, and lily roots. ° Pike's Journal. t Penhallow. % Town Records. § We copy the following from Mr. Pike's Journal — it is all that he says of the affair. "Feb. 8. About 3 or 4 o'clock, afternoon, Joseph Bradley's house, at Haverhill, was taken by six Indians ; 13 per- sons killed and 5 carried away, whereof one returned. 3 more persons escaped out of the house, and 1 In- dian was slain in it by Jonathan Johnson." Mr. Pike is the only one that we can find, who says that thirteen persons were killed in this attack. Penhallow, in his history of the "Indian Wars," speaks of no other slain, than Jonathan Johnson and the Indian; and if there were thirteen killed, it appears rather singular that he did not mention it. Mr. Pike says there were only six Indians, and thirteen slain — the disparity of the two parties seem to invalidate his statement, for, unless they were all children, which is not probable, they must have been positive cowards, or been taken extremely unawares. Or, if they were women, it hardly seems probable to us, for women at that period, seem to possess, at times, as much courage and fortitude as the men. Another reason we have for doubting the statement of Mr. Pike, is the silence of the Town-Records on the subject. The death of Mr. Johnson is there faithfully re- corded, thus: — "Jonathan Johnson [birth] killed by the Indians, Feb. 8, 1703-4." Why did they neglect to record the deaths of the others ? It appears to us that, if other persons were slain, their deaths would have been recorded as well as that of Mr. Johnson. — Mirick, HISTORY OF HAVERHILL. 211 "WTiile in this situation, with none but savages for her assistants and protectors, and in the midst of a thick forest, she gave hirth to a child. The Indians then, as if they were not satisfied with persecuting the mother, extended their cruelties to the innocent and almost friendless babe. For the want of proper attention, it was sickly, and probably troublesome ; and when it cried, these remorseless fiends showed their pity, by throwing embers into its mouth.'' They told the mother that if she would permit them to baptize it in their manner, they would suffer it to live. Unwil- ling to deny their request, lest it should enrage their fierce and diabolical passions, and hoping that the little innocent would receive kindness at their hands, she complied with their request. They took it from her, and baptized it by gashing its forehead with their knives.f The feelings of the mother, when the child was returned to her with its smooth and white forehead gashed with the knife, and its warm blood coursing down its cheeks, can be better imagined than described. Soon as Mrs. Bradley had regained sufficient strength to travel, the In- dians again took up their march for Canada. But before they arrived at their place of rendezvous, she had occasion to go a little distance from the party, and when she returned, she beheld a sight shocking to a mother, and to every feeling of humanity. Her child, which was born in sorrow, and nursed in the lap of affliction, and on which she doted with maternal fondness, was piked upon a pole.t Its excrutiating agonies were over — it could no more feel the tortures of the merciless savages — and its mother could only weep over its memory. Soon after, they proceeded to Canada, where Mrs. Bradley was sold to the French for eighty livres. She informed her friends, after her return, that she was treated kindly by the family in which she lived. It was her custom, morning and evening, when she milked her master's cow, to take with her a crust of bread, soak it with milk, and eat it ; with this, and with the rations allowed her by her mas- ter, she eked out a comfortable subsistance.§ In March, 1705, her husband, hearing that she was in the possession of the French, started for Canada with the intention of redeeming her. He travelled on foot, accompanied only by a dog that drew a small sled, in which he carried a bag of snuff, as a present from the Governor of this Province to the Governor of Canada. ]| When he arrived, he immediately redeemed her,^ and set sail from Montreal for Boston, which they reached in safety ; and from thence travelled to Haverhill. ° Penhallow. t Tradition. I Rev. Abiel Abbot's MSS. § Tradition. II The only authority we have of the dog and sled, and bag of snuff, is tradition, which we heard related very minutely by his descendants. — Mirick. % Penhallow, p. 10, 212 HISTORY OF HAVERHILl. Penballow"' mentions this as her second captivity, and Hutchinson says the same ; but Penballow is, without doubt, his authority. Diligent search has been made to learn the history of her first ; but, thus far it has been unsuccessful. Very accurate traditions of the captivities of the other members of the family, have been transmitted to their descendants, but they have never heard their fathers tell that this person was taken at any other time ; at least, they can give no account of such a fact. We ex- tract the following, from Kev. Abiel Abbot's MS., taken by him from Judith AVhiting : — "Destitute of nurses and necessaries, the child was sickly, and apt to cry, and they would put hot embers in its mouth. Be- ing obliged to leave it a short time, on her return, she found it piked on a pole. '■■' '■'• '•■= Having been brought home by her husband, she was taken a second time, but not before she had finished and wounded an In- dian, by pouring boiling soap into his mouth." From this, it appears that she was twice captivated ; but of the truth of the statement, in this par- ticular, we will not undertake to judge. It certainly does not agree with Penhallow's, and if we rely on one, we must throw up the other, at least, in part." Mrs. Bradley's deposition, which we give in another place, is conclusive evidence that the above was her second captivity. As we have it from one of her descendants, Mrs. Bradley was engaged in boiling soap, when she was startled by the appearance of Indians at her very door, one "of whom exclaimed, exultingly, — " Now, Hannah, me got you." Instead, however, of quietly allowing herself to be captured a second time, Hannah saluted the savage with such vigorous applications of " soft soap," that he quickly gave up the ghost. After a desperate resistance, she was at last made a prisoner. Eevenge for the death of their comrade, was doubtless the principal cause of the subsequent tortures of the child by the savages. Their extreme barbarity, in this particular instance, can only be accounted for upon some such supposition. Their ingenuity was always exerted to the utmost in devising tortures for a brave wanior, when taken prisoner, and the case of Mrs. Bradley is but a similar instance of their revenge and cruelty. On the 29th of the samcmonth in which the attack was made on the garrison of Mr. Bradley, Hertel de lioiiville, with two hundred French, and one hundred and forty-two Indians, fell upon the town of Deerfield, Mass., killed forty-seven, and made prisoners of one hundred and twelve of its ° Ilist. of Indian Wars, p. 10. HISTORY OF HAVERHILL. 213 inhabitants. April 25tli, two persons were killed, and two captured, at Oyster Kiver ; and again in August several more were killed at the same place. It was indeed a time of trial to the inhabitants of the frontier. =■■' On the 3d of August, Colonel Saltonstall thus writes to Colonel Thomas Noyes, of Newbury : — f *' Sir, by his excellency's express direction I command you in her majesty's name forthwith to appoint and set forth one-half of your com- pany by name and have them ready, well fixt with arms & ammunition and ten day's provision to march at an hours warning. The command is strict." On the 4th of August, Joseph Page, and Bartholomew Heath, of this town, were killed by the Indians, and a lad who was with them, narrowly escaped the same fate.J The particulars of this attack are now lost. On the 28th of September, Colonel Saltonstall again writes to Colonel Noyes : — " I desire and order that by tomorrow morning at farthest you press and post at your block houses in Newbury twelve able souldiers, three at each of your four (block) houses, to abide there night and day, to watch." . Happily, no further attacks were made that year ; but such was the distress and poverty occasioned by the Indian hostilities, that the town ordered its selectmen to petition the Assembly for an abatement of tlais year's taxes. During the next year, no attacks were made by the Indians, but the in- habitants had every reason to expect them, and were obliged to keep a constant watch and guard, day and night. In June, Governor Dudley ordered Colonel Saltonstall " to detach twenty able soldiers of the New- bury militia and have them rendezvous at Haverhill on July fifth." On the appearance of these " able soldiers " in this town. Colonel Sal- tonstall thus writes to Colonel Noyes, of Newbury : — § "Haverhill, July 17, 1705. I received your return of ye twenty men ye Governor commanded me to call for, and when ye persons (which I cant't call men) appeared, even a considerable number of them, to be but boys, or children, and npt fit for service, blind in part, and deaf, and cross-handed, I stopt till I waited on <* April 4th, a general Bast was held throughout the New England colonies, on account of the war with France and Spain. t Coffin. X Pike's Journal. Joseph Page was a son of Joseph; and Bartholomew Heath was a son of -John. § Colliu. 214 HISTORY OP HAYERHILL. ye governor, ye twelfth instant and upon liberty to speak with him, I with yc major have taken yc best care we can to keep the men and children sent hither for ye present, till I may have opportunity to tell you the queen likes it not to be served in this manner. But in one special, Nicholas •- ' ■= ^ by name, is blind, and deaf, and small, and not fit to be continued, and therefore to be short, I send Kicho- las ''••■'■•''•* ""=■' " home to you, and do expect that you will send some able man in his place, if you have an able one in Newbury. The other diminutives are sent out to garrison at present, or else you had mett with them to return to you for ye like exchange. My heart, if it speahs, is full. I wait a suitable time, to tell you what I have to say on her majesty's behalf. To take hoyes for orriglnaUy prest men, and they hired too, I know not ye regularity of it. I shall be glad to see you, and intend to do it at Haverhill or Newbury or a middle place, as you will desire, if I am able to attend, to see what is right and what is our duty for us to do. Your very humble servant, Nathaniel Saltonstall. To lieutenant-colonel Thomas Noyes." No one, we think, can blame the Colonel for writing thus severely. To send hired hoys, in place of able soldiers, to defend a frontier town against merciless savages, was indeed cruel. No wonder his heart was full, when he contemplated the feeble resistance such " soldiers" would make, incase of an attack. The bloody record of 1708 fully reveals the sad result of depending uj)on " hired boys " for defence J A fortnight later, Colonel Saltonstall again writes to Colonel Noyes : — "August 4th 1705. One Smith came this day with two of his sons in order to get a release for John Danford. I wonder how you concern yourself so much about this man, to get Danford home, and disregard your default and have not yet sent a good man for that pitiful insufficient sick man Nicholas ■■■' '•■' =■•' ■■•' " '■' ■■' whom I sent off ye sixteenth of July last to you to send a better hand, «&; he to returne in two days time to me but he is not yet come, nor other for him. Pray consider what lyes at your doore and do not deale so unhand- somely with your patient friend and humble servant, N. Saltonstall. To lieutenant-colonel Thomas Noyes." Thank Heaven, no attack was made by the enemy that season. Had it been otherwise, Colonel Noyes would have had bitter cause to " consider " the gi-evious wrong that lay at his door.'' *> A company of " CentinelB," under Captain Saltonstall, was also posted at Bradford block-houses, from April Gth, to September 7th, of the same year, and probably still later. HISTORY OP HAVERHILL. 215 But little business was done by the town in this and the two succeeding years. The inhabitants were so closely occupied in guarding the lives of their families, that little time or inclination was left for anything else. In 170-5, John Swan, and Jonathan Emerson, were granted the privilege of setting up a grist-mill, on Little Eiver. The location was, we judge, near where Mr, Eich recently erected a mill, — about midway between the mouth of the river, and the Winter Street Bridge, — and near where Ezekiel Hale formerly had a grist-mill. At the next annual meeting, John White was allowed to build a " full- ing-mill on Mill Brook, near his now dwelling house." The location was probably near where the plaster-mill now stands. This was the first mill of that kind in town. The granting of new lands was still held in abeyance, as it was not yet known to whom they belonged. The town were evidently determined to move carefully in the matter, as may be seen from the following : — " Capt Saml Ayer moving to the proprietors of the land lying in Com- mon in Haverhill that before any vote or act pass for the disposing of the land or timber in Haverhill, it may be known who by law have right to vote in the aifair : This petition is granted." " Many other petitions were read in the Town meeting, but because of the last vote, nothing was acted on them." At the same meeting, a motion was made that the Town Clerk have the keeping of the " Town's old book of grants and orders so that copies might be given out, as out of other books in his hands," but being strongly ob- jected to, it was not put to vote." A committee of five were chosen, at the same time, to "run lines and settle bounds between individuals and the common-lands," and " the mod- erator gave notice for a meeting of the proprietors of the Common or undivided lands in Haverhill for April 2d." April 2d, " at a meeting of the Commoners," the old committee chosen to examine the claims of persons to these lands, were dismissed, and a new one chosen.f This new committee were ordered "to do it as speedily as they can." The next meeting of the Commoners, was July 21, 1707, when nothing was done except to adjourn to September 2d. At the latter meeting, a committee was chosen to prosecute all trespassers on the common lands, "' We do not learn in whose hands the hook was at this time, but it was probably one of the original proprietors of the township. t Captain Samuel Ayre, John White, Joseph Peasely, Sen. 216 HISTORY OF HAVERniLL. and the Town Clerk was empowered, as " Clerk of the Proprietors in Hav- erhill Commons," to execute a power of attorney for the committee." At the Commoners* meeting of September 2d, Thomas Ayer petitioned "for a small piece of land to set a house on near the Meeting house, that so the said Ayer's wife might be the better accommodated for the keeping of school to teach children to read." The Selectmen were empowered to lay him out a piece for that purpose, to enjoy during her lifetime. f AVith the opening of the spring of 1706, the Indians again commenced harrassing the frontier settlements. The first attack was made in April, at Oyster Kiver, where eight persons were killed, and two wounded. On the 3d of July, seven were killed at Dunstable, and the same day, Ser- geant Kingsbury, of this town, was killed, or taken prisoner.^ A few days after, (10th) two more were killed, and two captured, at Dunstable ; and the same party penetrated as far as Amesbury, where they killed some cattle. At Exeter, the same day, four were killed, one wounded, and three captured. About the same time, one person was killed at Hampton. To add to the general alarm. Governor Dudley received intelligence from Colonel Schuyler, of Albany, that two hundred and seventy French atid Indians were on the march toward Piscataqua ! PortUnately for the in- habitants, the expedition was abandoned. Sometime in the summer of this year, a small party of Indians again visited the garrison of Joseph Bradley ; and it is said that he, his wife and children, and a hired man, were the only persons in it at the time. It was in the night, the moon shone brightly, and they could be easily seen, silently and cautiously approaching. Mr. Bradley armed himself, his wife and man, each with a gun, and such of his children as could shoulder one. INIrs. Bradley, supposing that they had come purposely for her, told her husband that she had rather be killed than be again taken. The Indians rushed upon the garrison, and endeavored to beat down the door. They succeeded in pushing it partly open, and when one of the Indians began to crowd himself through the opening, Mrs. Bradley fired her gun and shot him dead. The rest of the party, seeing their companion fall, desisted from their purpose, and hastily retreated. § Some idea of the dangers and alarms of these years, and the great exer- tions made for the security of the frontier towns, may be had from the " Suits were immediately instituted against several persons by the Committee. t Thomas Ayer married Ruth Wilford. Children, — Euth, born 1C95; Josiah, bom 1008; Thomas, bom icon ; Qibberd, born 1702 ; Euth, bom 1705, killed by Indians August 29, 1708. Euth, the wife, was also killed at the same time. Ayer afterward mai-ried widow Blasedell. Children, — Euth, born 1711, died young. t Pike's Journal. § Tradition, — Mirick. HISTORY OF HATERHILL. 217 large numljer of soldiers ferried across the Merrimack at a single place — Griffin's ferry, opposite the present village: — Marcli 9, 1705, thirty men; July 1, 1706, forty-seven men ; 6th, forty-five men and horses ; 9th forty-one men; loth, thirty-eight men and horses; June -Ith, 1707, eleven men ; 14:th, forty-five men and horses; 30th, thirty-one men and horses ; July 15th, thirty-nine men and horses; August 1st forty-five men and horses; 26th, thirty-nine men and horses; September 27th, thirty men and horses; October 2-ith, forty-four men and horses. In 1708, Griffin fenried across, at variovis times, one hundred and eighty men, and thirty- one horses. A company of " Centinels," under Colonel Saltonstall, was posted at Bradford, from May 20th to October 7th ; and another at Ando- ver for the same time. Xo further damage was done by the enemy, until the next spring, when (May 22, 1707,) a small party killed and captured four persons at Oyster Eiver. On the 24th of June, Joseph and Ebenezer Page, sons of Joseph Page of this town, were killed by the Indians. In August, another attack was made on the town, in which Nathan Simonds, of this town, and Jon- athan Marsh, of Salem, were wounded.'- The particulars of these attacks on the town are now lost. In September, two persons were killed at Kingston and Exeter, and a party of Mohawks attacked the settlement at Oyster Eiver, killing eight of the inhabitants, and wounding another. For several months succeeding this, the enemy seemed to have forsaken the frontiers, and the inhabitants once more began to feel some degi-ee of security. But, early in the spring of 1708, intelligence was carried to Governor Dudley, at Boston, that an army, consisting of eight hundred men, was about marching for some one of the frontier settlements. Fpon the receipt of this, he " ordered guards in the most exposed places of both his provinces." A body of troops, under Captain Eobert Coffin, patrolled from Kingston to Cocheco, and scouts were ordered to be kept out continually. Four hundred Massachusetts Militia were posted in N. H. Province. The guard sent to this town, consisted of about forty men, accompanied with three officers, from Salem, — Major Tui'ner, (afterward Colonel, a principal merchant of that place, and for many years a member ' of the council) , Captain Price, and Captain Gardner, and soon after their arrival, they were posted in the frontier houses and garrisons. The follow- ing account is copied froin Mirick : — " Early in the year, a grand council was held at Montreal, when an extensive engagement was agreed upon ; which was to be joined by the principal Indians of every tribe in Canada, the Abenakis tribe, one hundred State Archives, Vol. 8. 28 218 HISTORY OF HAVERHILL. select French Canadians, and a number of volunteers, several of whom were officers in the French army, composing a formidable body of about four hundred men. The French were commanded by DeChaillons, and the infamous Hertel de Eouville, the sacker of Deerfield,-'' and the Indians by by La Perrierc. The Indians were merciless, insolent and revengeful; but the French at that period equalled, and we had almost said, exceeded them in acts of wantonness and barbarity. When the former were weary of murdering " poor, helpless women and children" — when they were glutted with blood, it is said that M. Vaudreuil, then Governor of Canada, employed the latter to do it.f To excite less surprise among the English, they divided their army into two bodies ; the French with the Algonquin, the St. Francois, and Huron Indians, were to take the route by the river St. Francois, and La Perrierc and the French Mohawks, were to pass by Lake Champlain. Lake Nickisipiguc was appointed the place of rendezvous, and there they were to meet the Norridgewock, the Penobscot, and other eastern tribes. J These arrangements being completed, they commenced their march the 16th of July ; but before the first named party had arrived at the St. Francois, a Huron was accidentally killed by a companion, which was considered by the tribe as an ill-omen, and that the expedition, though commenced under such favorable auspices, would certainly prove unfortunate. Strongly impressed with this idea, and not wishing to be connected with it if it should so prove, they deserted. The Mohawks then pretended that an infectious distemper had broken out among them, and that it would soon spread . among the rest of the tribes, if they remained — and they also returned. M. Vaudreuil, when he heard of this, immediately sent word to the French officers to proceed, and fall upon some of the English settle- ments, even if they should be deserted by the Algonquin and St. Francois tribes. Those, however, remained firm to their allegiance, and they continued their march ; but when they arrived at Nickisipigue, their rendezvous, what was their astonishment at finding that the eastern Indians had broken faith with them. It is said that their first design was to attack Portsmouth, and then, marching rapidly onward to other settlements, spread terror and desolation ° Dccrfield was desolated in the winter of 1704. The French and Indians were commanded by this same Hertel de Eouville, whose name will ever be coni)led with infamy, assisted by four of his brothers ; all of whom had been trained up to the business by their father, whj had been a famous partizan in their former wars. They slaughtered forty-seven of the inhabitants, plundered the village, and set it on fire. They then retreated, carrying with them one hundred and twelve, as prisoners of war. Dr. Samuel Williams, the immediate descendant of one of the principal sufferers, and the accomidished historian of Vermont, has given an interesting account of the whole affair. t llutohinson. t Ibid, HISTORY OF HATERniLL. 219 along the whole frontier. But being unable to accomplish this, on account of the unexpected desertions, they were obliged to mofiify their plan. Their whole force was now about 250, a small number when compared with that which started from Canada. Probably the French officers felt ashamed to return without effecting something, after they had been at so much trouble and expense ; accordingly, Haverhill, a compact village, consisting of about thirty houses, =■■' was selected for the slaughter. At the break of day, on the 29 th of August, they passed the frontier garrisons undiscovered, and were first seen near the pound, marching two and two, by -John Iveezar,| who was returning from Amesbury. He im- mediately ran into the village and alarmed the inhabitants, who seem to have slept totally unguarded, by firing his gun near the meeting-house. The enemy soon appeared, making the air ring with terrific yells, with a sort of whistle, which says tradition, could be heard as far as a horn, and clothed in all the terrors of a savage war-dress. They scattered in every direction over the village, so that they might accomplish their bloody work with more despatch. The first person they saw, was Mrs. Smith, whom they shot as she was flying from her house to a garrison. The foremost p'irty attacked the house J of Eev. Benjamin Eolfe, which was then garri- soned with three soldiers, and he, and a part of his beloved family, were suddenly awakened from their slumbers, only to hear the horrid knell for their departure. Mr. Kolfc instantly leaped from his bed, placed himself against the door, which they were endeavoring to beat in, and called on the soldiers for assistance ; but these craven-hearted men refused to give it, for they .were palsied with fear, and walked to and fro through the * Hutchinson. t This Keezar, the son of John Keezar, who was killed when Mrs. Dustin was captured, was a very eccentric man, and a jack of all trades. He was said to be exceedingly proud of his proficiency in walking leaping, and other manual exercises ; and, if tradition may be relied upon, he was certainly a great walker and leaper ; for it said that he walked to Boston and back again in one night, and jumped over a cart with two large pails full of milk in his hands. It was his custom to go from this town to Amesbury and pHch his tent on the side of a hill, where he worked at the trade of shoemaking, and lived in all respects, while there, like an austere hermit. Some say, that when he discovered the enemy, he was out to take in his horse, which, according to his custom, he had turned into his neighbor's field to feed. Others say they were discovered by one Hutchins, who was out to steal milk from his neighbor's cows. Another account says that the slaughter might have been prevented had it not been for the agitation of a young man, who, intending to start very early that morning for a distant town, went up on the Common to catch his horse, and while there, discovered the enemy advancing toward the village. He immediately hastened to the town, but in his extreme agitation, he thought only of the safety of the young lady to whom he had paid very particular attention some time previous. It is said that he passed through a part of the village, went directly to the abode of his mistress, and concealed her in a pile of boards. lie then, after seeing his own property safe, and which, perhaps, was all he possessed in the wide world, gave the alarm ; but the attack had already commenced. X Where Dr. Moses Nichols' house now stands. 220 HISTORY OF IIAVERHILI.- chambcrs, crying and swinging their arms.'- Had they displayed but half the ordinary courage of men, no doubt they would have successfully de- fended the house. But, instead of that, they did not fire a gun, or even lift a finger toward its defence. The enemy finding their entrance stren- uously opposed, fired two balls through the door, one of which took eft'cct, and wounded Mr. Ilolfe in the elbow. They then pressed against it with their united strength, and Mr. Eolfe, finding it impossible to resist them any longer, fled precipitately through the house, and out at the back door. The Indians followed, overtook him at the well, and despatched him with their tomahawks, f They then searched every part of the house for plunder, and also for other victims, on whom they might inflict their savage cruelties. They soon found Mrs. Kolfe and her youngest child, Mchitable, and while one of them sunk his hatchet deep in her head, another took the infant from her dying grasp, and dashed its head against a stone near the door. Two of Mr. liolfe's children, about six and eight years of age,| were providentially saved by the sagacity and courage of Hagar, a negro slave, who was an inmate of the family. Upon the first alarm, she leaped from her bed, carried them into the cellar, covered them with two tubs, and then concealed herself The enemy entered the cellar and plundered it of every thing valuable. They repeatedly passed the tubs that covered the two children, and even trod on the foot of one, without discovering them. They drank milk from the pans, then dashed them on the cellar bottom, and took "meat from the barrel, behind which Hagar was concealed. § ° Just what we might expect of such " hired hoys" as Colonel Noyes had sent to defend (!) the town, —Or. W. C. t Another account says that he was killed by one of the bullets shot through the door, and this we be- lieve is the prevailing opinion ; but we feel confident that it is untrue. We know that it is hard for others, as well as ourselves, to give up a tradition which we have often heard repeated by our neighbors, and by our fathers ; but in this case we think it must be done, if the truth is desired. W'hen we first began to devclope the atlair, we felt confident, almost to a certainty, that he was killed through the door, because every body said so; and indeed, we had so wi'ote it, and read it to a friend of ours, who agreed with us on that point, at least he made no objections to it. But while examining other affairs, we were shown some extracts from the manuscript account of Rev. Abiel Abbot, taken by him ft-om the lips of Judith Whiting, and which has been before mentioned in this work. Mrs. Whiting was eight years old when the attack happened, and when she gave the account to Mr. Abbot, though very aged, her faculties were unimpaired ; and she stated that he was shot through the elbow, ffed through the house, and was tomahawked at the well. We place much reliance on her statement, and no doubt, the story of Mr. Rolfe's being killed through the door, arose from the wound which he received in his elbow. It appears to us very probable that it :.hould. — Mirick, X Elizabeth, was afterward the wife of the Rev. Samuel Checkley, of Boston, and was the mother of the wife of Samuel Adams, the patriot. Mary became the wife of Colonel Estcs Hatch, of Dorchester. § " Iler father's maid-servant hearing that the Indians were upon them, jumped from her bed, and with wonderful presence of mind, took two of the little daughters, who probably slept in the room with her, one in and the other 9, named Mary and Elizabeth, and fled with them into the cellar. There, under two large tubs, she concealed them, and then successfully eoBccaled herself." — Drake's History of Jiostotl. HISTORY OF HAVERHILL. 221 Anna Whittaker, wlio was then living in the family of Mr. Eolfe, pro- bably as a nurse, concealed herself in an apple-chest, under the stairs, and escaped unharmed.-' But it fared differently with the cowardly soldiers- They earnestly begged for mercy, of their inhuman conquerors, but their cries were unheeded ; and when the massacre was over, their bodies were numbered with the slain. We can have no pity for the fate of such contemptible cowards. A man who will shrink from danger at such a time, and in such a situation, while he holds the weapons of defence in his hands, should be ranked with the reptile, and ever be looked upon with scorn by the world. The names of such, should sink in oblivion, or survive as memorials of surpassing infamy. The family of Thomas Hartshorne suffered as severely as that of Mr. Kolfe. He saw a party approaching to assault his house, which stood a few rods west of the meeting-house, and escaped out of it, followed by two of his sons, to call assistance ; but all three were shot dead immediately after leaving it. A third son was tomahawked as he was coming out at the door. Mrs. Hartshorne, with that presence of mind which is a characteristic of her sex, when surrounded with danger, instantly took the rest of her children — except an infant which she left on the bed in the garret, and which she was afraid would, by its cries, betray their place of concealment, if she took it with her — through a trap door into the cellar. The enemy entered the house, and began to plunder it, but happily did not discover them. They went into the garret, took the infant from its bed, and threw it out of the window. It fell on a pile of clapboards, and when the action was over, it was found completely stunned. It lived, however, and became a man of uncommon stature, and of remarkable strength. His neighbors would frequently joke him, and say that the Indians stunted him when they threw him from the garret- window.f One of the parties proceeded towards the river, and attacked the house of Lieutenant John Johnson.j Mr. Johnson and his wife, with an infant a *^ From the following extract, it would scein that Anna AA'hittaker afterward claimed for herself the credit of saving the children. The abo^c, however, has always been considered the correct version of the incident : — " Brpokfield, Sep 2-1, 1764. On the 8th Inst, died after a few Days illness, Mrs Anna JJcyward in the 74th Year of her Age, the Wife of Oliver Ileyward Esq. She has left by a former Husband {John Uincl) 13 Children, 82 Grand-Children, and 17 Great-Grand-Children, in all 112. She was very useful as a Mid-wife, and in her last sickness she had a most unshaken Trust in the Mercy of God, through the Redeemer. In her Youth, when the Savages invaded HavcrUill, she saved two Children of the Ee^• Mr Molfe's, by hiding them ia the Cellar alter the Indians had entered the House wh'le they were glutting their Rage on the Parents : the two Indians followed he» into the Cellar, yet sucli was her Presence of i\Iind, and Dexterity, that she conceal'dthe Children and herself that they escaped their Notice; and they were the only Members of the Family at Home who survived the bloody Carnage." — From Massachusetts Gazette, Sej)t. 27, 1764. t Abbott's MSS. X Johnson's house stood on the spot now covered by the Exchange building, on Water Street. 222 HISTORY OP IIAVEEHILL. year old in her arms, were standing at the door, when the enemy made their appearance. Mr. Johnson was shot, and his wife fled through the house into the garden,- carrying her babe, where she was overtaken by the foe, and immediately despatched. But when she fell, she was careful not to injure her child, and it seemed as if her last thoughts were for its safety. The enemy, it appears, did not murder it, and it is somewhat remarkable that they did not; for they always took great delight in torturing and dashing out the brains of innocent babes. Perhaps it was because the mother was not alive to witness its agonies. After the massa- cre was over, it was found at the breast of its dead mother, f Another party rifled and burnt the house of Mr. Silver, which stood within ten rods of the meeting house, and others attacked the watch-house, which was, however, successfully defended. Another party went to the house of Captain Simon Wainwright,J whom they killed at the first fire. The soldiers stationed in the chambers, were preparing to defend the house till the last, when Mrs. Wainwright fearlessly unbarred the door, and let them in. She spoke to them kindly, waited upon them with seeming alacrity, and promised to procure them whatever they desired. The enemy knew not what to make of this ; — the apparent cheerfulness with which they were received, and the kindness with which they were treated, was so different from what they expected to meet with, that it seemed to para- lyze their energies. They, however, demanded money of Mrs. Wainwright, and upon her retiring ' to bring it,' as she said, she fled with all her chil- dren, except one daughter who was taken captive, and were not afterwards discovered. The enemy, so soon as they saw how completely they had been deceived, were greatly enraged, and attacked the chambers with great violence ; but the soldiers courageously defended them, and after attempting to fire the house, they retreated, taking with them three pris- oners. In the mean-time, two Indians skulked behind a large stone, which stood in the field a few rods east of the house, where they could fire up- on its inmates at their leisure. The soldiers in the chambers fired upon them, and killed them both. They were afterwards buried in the same field, a few rods south, and but a few years since, the water washed their skeletons from their places of repose, § Two Indians attacked the house of Mr. Swan, which stood in the field now called AVhite's lot,l| nearly opposite to the house of Capt. Emerson. o Where the Osgood Block now stands. t Tradition. • X Captain Wainwright lived in a house which stood on the ground now covered by that of the late Captain Nehcniiah Emerson's, and directly opposite the Winter Street Church. — O. W. C. § Mirick. II ir/u'te's Lot was situated between White and Franklin Streets. Swan's house was probably very near the present site of the Winter Street Church. — G-. W. C. HISTORY OF HAVERHILL. 223 Swan and his wife saw tliem approaching, and determined, if possible, to save their own lives, and the lives of their children, from the knives of the ruthless butchers. They immediately placed themselves against the door, which was so narrow that two could scarcely enter abreast. The Indians rushed against it, but finding that it could not be easily opened, they commenced their operations more systematically. One of them placed his back to the door, so that he could make 'his whole strength bear upon it, while the others pushed against him. The strength of the besiegers was greater than that of the besieged, and Mr. Swan, being rather a timid man, said our venerable narrator, almost despaired of sav- ing himself and family, and told his wife that he thought it would be bet- ter to let them in. But this resolute and courageous woman had no such idea. The Indians had now succeeded in partly opening the door, and one of them was crowding himself in, while the other was pushing lustily after. The heroic wife saw that there was no time for parleying — she seized her spit, which was nearly three feet in length, and a deadly weapon in the hands of woman, as it proved, and collecting all the strength she pos- sessed, drove it through the body of the foremost. This was too warm a reception for the besiegers — it was resistance from a source, and with a weapon they little expected ; and surely, who else would ever think of spitting a man ? — The two Indians, thus repulsed, immediately retreated and did not molest them again. Thus, by the fortitude and heroic courage of a wife and mother, this family was probably saved from a bloody grave. ^'^ One of the parties set fire to the back side of the meeting-house, a new and, for that period, an elegant building. These transactions were all per- formed about the same time ; but they were not permitted to continue their work of murder and conflagration long, before they became panic- struck. Mr. Davis, an intrepid man, went behind Mi-. Eolfe's barn, which stood near the house, struck it violently with a large club, called on men by name, gave the word of command, as though he were ordering an at- tack, and shouted with a loud voice, " Come on ! come on ! we will have them ! " The party in Mr. Eolfe's house, supposing that a large body of <* The account of this deed is received wholly from tradition. We heard it related hy an aged and venerahle gentleman, Captain Nehemiah Emerson, who has often heard it told by his grand-father, who then lived in the garrison of his father, Jonathan Emerson. — Miriclc The house of Nathan Simons was also attacked, and he was wounded in the arm, by a ball. Simons shot two Indians, when the others withdrew. From Sibley's History of Union, Me., we learn that there is a tradition in the Sibley family, that Samuel Sibley, from whom the settlers in Union are descended, was killed in this town at this time, whOe throwing water upon the meeting-house after it had been set on fire by the Indians. He belonged in Salem, and was probably one of the men under Major Turner at this time.— G. W. C. 224 HISTORY OF nAVEIiniLL. the English had come upon them, began the cry of " The English are come ! "■' and after attempting to fire the house, precipitately left it. About this time, Major Turner arrived with a company of soldiers, and the whole body of the enemy then commenced a rapid retreat, taking with them a number of prisoners. The retreat commenced about the ris- ing of the sun. Meantime, Mr. Davis ran to the meeting-house, and with the aid of a few others, succeeded in extinguishing the devour- ing element ; but it was mostly owing to his exertions, that the house was saved. The town by this time was generally alarmed. Joseph Bradley collec- ted a small party, in the northerly part of it, and secured the medicine- box and packs of the enemy, which they had left about three miles from the village.! Capt. Samuel Ayer, a fearless man, and of great strength, collected a body of about twenty men, and pursued the retreating foe. He came up with them just as they were entering the woods, when they faced about, and though they numbered thirteen or more to one, still Capt. Ayer did not hesitate to give them battle. These gallant men were soon rein- forced by another party, under the command of his sonj ; and after a severe skirmish, which lasted about an hour, they retook some of the pris- oners, and the enemy precipitately retreated, leaving nine of their number dead.§ The French and Indians continued their retreat, and so great were their sufferings, arising from the loss of their packs, and their consecjuent ex- o Sketch of naverhill. — Saltonstall. t A short distance north of the house of Deacon Carleton, in the West Parish, and about half a mile north of the place where the subsequent skirniisli took place. — O. W. C. J The whole number is supposed to have been sixty or seventy. — G. W. C. § The spot where this skirmish took place, was the rise of land nearly west of the house of S. Eaton Esq., about half way between the Derry Road and the Parsonage Road, and south-east of Long Hill, in the West Parish. Among the enemy who fell at this place, were Hcrtel of Chambly, and Vcrchcres, both officers of experience. In this bloody affair, the renowned chief Assacamhuit, or, as the French called him, Nescamhiimit, fought side by side with the French Commander-in-Chief, and is said to have per- formed prodigies of valor with the sword picsented to him by Louis XIV, of France, in 1706. The enemy had eighteen wounded ; and three Indians, and five Frenchmen killed. Assacamhuit was himself wounded in the foot by a shot. Smith, in his History of Canada, (Quebec, 1815, Vol. 1, p. 105,) gives the following aceount of this memoraUe attack on the town : — " The French army pushed on to the attack of a village, called Haverhill, in which was posted fifty soldiers, sent by the Governor of New England, in consequence of the information of the approach of a French force. The Village was attacked at day break, on the 29th day of August. was well defended by a small party of troops and by the inhabitants ; at length overpowered by numbers, the French took possession of it, having killed not less than one hundred men, and carried several into captivity. The French, on their return were pursued, and overtaken just as they were entering the woods, an action ensued which lasted about an hour, when the English were defeated and several were killed. The French luss, amounted only to eight men killed and eighteen wounded ; among the slain, were two oihcers, Ilcrtel de Chambly, Rouville's brother, and Vercheros." — G. W. C. HISTORY OF HATERHILL. 22o posure to famine, tliat many of the Frenclimen returned and surrendered themselves prisoners of war ; and some of the captives were dismissed, with a message that, if they were pursued, the others should be put to death. Perhaps, if they had been pursued, nearly the whole of their force might have been conquered ; for the Governor, in his address to the As- sembly, says, " we might have done more against them if we had followed their tracks." As it was, they left thirty of their number dead, in both engagements, and many were wounded, whom thc}'^ carried with them. The French, when they returned, reported very diiferently from this ; they said that they " faced about, and that our people, being astonished, were all killed or taken, except ten or twelve, who escaped." The inhabitants were now left to perform the sorrowful office of bury- ing their dead — and it was a sorrowful one indeed. The day was somewhat advanced when the battle was over, and it being extremely warm the interment was necessarily hurried. Coffins could not be made for all, and a large pit was dug in the burying ground, in which several of them were laid. Some of those who fell in the last engagement, it is presumed, were buried on the spot. The following is a list of the slain who belonged to this town ; perhaps it is not full, though we have taken great pains to make it so : — Eev. Benjamin Eolfe, his wife and one child; Mrs. Smith, Thomas Hartshorne and three sons ; Lieut. John Johnson and his wife, Catharine ; Capt. Simon "Wainwright ; Capt. Samuel Ayer ; John Dalton ; Euth Ayer, wife of Thomas Ayer, and one daughter; and Euth Johnson, wife of Thomas Johnson. The whole number is sixteen. We have not been able to collect the names of those who were taken prisoners, or the exact number. Mr. Pike, in his Joui*nal, says that the enemy ' killed and carried away 33 persons, and burnt several houses.' Mr. Hutchinson says ' about forty ' were killed and taken prisoners ; perhaps the truth would fall between. A daughter of Capt. Simon Wainwright, who was not so fortunate as to escape with her mother, when she fled with the rest of her children, was made prisoner ; and in 1710, her mother, Mary, petitioned the General Court to redeem her. The following is her petition : — " Haverhill, 29th April, 1710. To his Excellency, Joseph Dudley, Captain-General and Governor in chief, &c., &c., to the Honorable council and General Assembly now mett; the petition of Mary Wainwright sheweth that, whereas my daughter hath been for a long time in captivity with the French of Canada, and I have late reason to fear that her soul is in great danger if not already capti- vated and she brought to their way ; therefore I humbly intreate your 226 HISTOKY OF nAVERIIILL. Excellency, that some care may be taken for her redemption before Canada be so endeared to her that I shall never have my daughter more. Some arc ready to say that there are so few captives in Canada that it is not worthe while to put the country to the charges for them ; but I hope your Excellency, nor any other good, judicious man, will think so; for St. Jamea has instructed us, as you may see, chapter 5, v 20 — Let him know that he which converteth the sinner from the error of his way shall save a soul from death, and shall hide a multitude of sins. This is all I can do at present, but I desire humbly to begg of God that he would direct the hearts of our rulers to do that which may be most for his glory and for the good of his poor distressed creatures, and so I take leave to subscribe myself your most humble petitioner, Widow Mary Wainwright. In the house of Representatives read and recommended 12th June." One of the soldiers, Joseph Bartlett, stationed at Capt. Wainwright's house, was also taken prisoner ; " he was a native of Newbury, was born 18th November, 1G86, taken prisoner 29th August, 1708, returned 8th November, 1712, and died 1754, aged GS. After his return, he published a narrative f of his captivity, and perhaps the History of Haverhill will not be deemed an improper place to give a short account of him. ♦In the year 1707 — says the narrative — in November 1, Joseph Bartlett was pressed and sent to Haverhill. My quarters were in the house of Capt. Waiudret, [wright.] August 29, 1708, there came about 100 French and oO Indians J and beset the town of Haverhill — set fire to several houses; among which was that of Capt. W,' After the enemy entered the house, they took him and another soldier, named Newmarsh, and the daughter of Mrs. Wainwright, prisoners. Soon after the different parties commenced their retreat, they knocked one of their prisoners in head, named Lindall, a soldier belonging to Salem. He then says: ' They then marched on together, when Capt. Eaires (Ayer,) with a small company waylaid and shot upon them, which put them to flight, so that they did not get together again until three days after.' Bartlett said that he was first taken by the French, but after the battle they gave him to the Indians. The three first days they travelled hard. He was compelled to carry a heavy pack, and travel with his hands tied behind him. A part of the time he was led by an Indian, who carried a hatchet in his hand and a pistol in his girdle, with a cord tied about his o John Gyles, of Lynn, one of Major Turner's soldiers was wounded in the attack. t We have never seen but one copy of this narrative, and that was obtained for us by John Farmer, Esq., of Concord. t Most of the accounts agree in statin? that there was about two hundred and fifty of the enemy. HISTORY OF HAVEUHILL. 227 neck. On arriving at Lake Winnipiseoge, the French and Indians parted. The latter crossed the Lake ; but before they reached the opposite shore, they killed a bear which was swimming in the water, towed it to the shore and cooked it. They then fared sumptuously, and remained in that place about a day and a half, when they proceeded on their journey, and travelled five days, with scarcely any other sustenance than pounded corn. Having arrived at a river, the Indians made some canoes in a day and a half, when they sailed down the stream three days, eating nothing for four, but a few sour grapes and thorn plums. They then killed a hawk and divided it among fifteen — the head fell to the share of Mr. Bartlett, which, he says, " was the largest meal I had these four days." From thence they proceeded to Chamble, and on their passage they met with some Indians who gave them a little corn and a few pumpkins. He there saw an Englishman, named Littlefield, taken from Wells. The Indians shaved the hair from one side of his head, greased the other, and painted his face. They then started for Montreal, and when they arrived, he was examined by the Governor, and from thence went to the house of a Roman Catholic Priest, where he lodged over night. The next morning they started for an Indian fort, nine miles distant. When about half way, they came to a fire, surrounded by 'fifteen men and thirty boj^s,' where they held a consulta- tion about burning him ; but before it was closed, the Indians, who owned him, and the boys, marched away. Soon as they arrived at the fort, they began to abuse their prisoner — a squaw cut off his little finger, and another beat him with a pole. The Indians danced and sung all night, and invited him to join them, but he refused ; they pulled him into the ring, however, and he went once round it. An Indian then came to him, and, after making a long speech, gave him to an old squaw, who took him to her wigwam. In February next, he went to live with a French- man, named Delude, and remained with him until Sunday, October 5, 1712, when he started to return to his friends in Newbury, and arrived on the 8th of November, after a captivity of four years, two months, and nine days. After his return, the General Court ordered that ' the sum of £20. 15s. be allowed and paid to Joseph Bartlett in full of his petition of charges and expenses to obtain his liberty from the Indians, being taken prisoner by the Indians at Haverhill when in her Majesties service in the year 1708, and for his support during four years captivity and for the loss of his arms.' Mr. Pike, in his Journal, says that ' many soldiers belonging to Salem, were here slain.' Among them was William Coffin, who distinguished 228 HISTORY OF HAVERHILL. himself for his bravery ; and soon after, his widow petitioned the General Court fur relief, when it passed the following resolve : — ' Nov. 3, 1708. — Kosolved that the sum of £5 be allowed and paid out of the publick Treasury to the Petitioner, Mrs. Sarah Coffin, on account of the remarkable forwardness and courage which her husband, AVilliam Coffin of Salem, distinguished himself by, in the action at Haverhill where he was slain.' Mr. Eolfe, his wife and child, were buried in one grave, near the south end of the burial-ground. A single monument was erected to their mem- ory, on which Avas chiselled an inscription for each ; but the hand of time has been rough with them — they arc overgrown with moss, and the epi- taphs are now almost illegible.-' The following is the epitaph of Mr. Eolfe: — * Clauditur hoc tumulo corpus lieverendi pii doctique viri, D. Benjamin Rolfe, ecclesice Christ i qtfce est in haver hill pastoris Jidelissimi ; qui domi Slice ad hostibiis harhare trucidatus. A laboribiis siiis requieiiit mane diei sacrce quietis, Aug. XXIX anno domini, MDCCVIII. u3^tatis suae XLVi:\ This worthy man was born at Newbury, 1662. and graduated at Cam- bridge, 1684r. He seems to have been a pious and upright man, ardently devoting his time and talents to forward the cause of his Saviour. He was respected and beloved b}'^ his people, and we cannot learn that any difficulty arose between them, after his settlement. The grave-stones of Capt. Ayer, Capt. Wainwright, and Lieut. Johnson, are nigh to Mr. Eolfe's but are considerably damaged, and their inscrip- tions have become nearly illegible. ° In 1847-8, a neat and substantial granite monument was erected over the grave of Mr. Rolfe, by the Ladies, who Avere then ronking much needed inipvovcments in tlie " Old Burying Ground." The monu-" ment stands about six and one-half feet highr is of Concord, N. H., granite, and was finished at the establishment of Mr. F. A. Brown, in this town. It bears the following inscription ;— " Enclosed in this tomb, is the body of a man, pious, learned and reverend, BENJAMIN ROLFE, a most faithful Pastor of the Church of Christ in Haverhill; who was barbarously slain by the Indians at his own house. He rested from his labors on the morning of the Sabbath, tlie 20th of Aug in the year of our Lord 1708, and of his age the 4Gth. (On the second side) .Airs .Alehitable Rolfe, aged 44 yrs. Mehitablc Rolfe, aged 2 yrs. AVere slain Aug 29, 1708. (On the third side) Capt Samuel Ayer, Capt Simon AVainwright, Lieut John Johnson, were slain, with thirteen others, Aug. 29, 1708. (On the fourth side) Clauditur hoc tumulo corpus reverendi, pii, viri, Benjamin Rolfe, ecclesla; Christi qua; est in Haverhill, pastoris fidelissimi ; qui domi suasc ab hostibus barbare trucidatus. E laboribus suis rcquievit mane diei sacred quietis Aug XXIX Anno Domini MDCCVllI iEtatis suic XLA'I." Rev. Benjamin Rolfe, married Mehitabcl Atwatcr, March 12, 1693-4. « hildren, — Mary, March 9, 1G9.5 ; Benjamin, September 2, 1690: John, July 2, 1698, died August 3, 1098; John and Elizabeth, twins, September 1, 1099, (John died September 18, 1099) ; Francis, January 16, 1702.— G. AV. C. t " Inclosed in this tomb is the body of the reverend, pious, ct learned Benjamin Rolfe, the faithful pastor of the Church of Christ in Haverhill ; who was barbarously slain in nis own house by the enemy. He rested from his labors early on the day of sacred rest, Aug 29, 1708, in the 4Cth year of his age." HISTORY OP HAVERHILL. 229 , Capt. Ayer was slain in tlie last engagement, before the reinforcement arrived. He was shot in the groin, and being a large, robust man, bled profusely. When his son arrived, he was told that his father was killed, and the informant pointed him out. He looked at the corpse a while, as it lay on the grass, all covered with blood, and told his informant that that person could not be his father, for he (meaning the person slain,) had on a pair of red breeches. Capt. Ayer was one of the Selectmen, a Dea- con of the church, and one of the most worthy, active and intelligent citizens of the town. He lived near the house of Capt. John Ayer, 2d =■' Lieut. Johnson was also a Deacon of the church, and was an active and useful citizen. He is supposed to be descended from Capt. Edward Johu^ son, the author of the ' Wonder Working Providence- of Zion's Saviour ' in Xew England, and who, in company with Jonathan Ince, of Cambridge, and Sergeant John Sherman, of Watertown, surveyed the northern bounds of the Patent of Massachusetts, in 1652. Captain Wainwright came from Ipswich ; he had two brothers, John and Francis. His father, whose name was Francis, came from Chelmsford, in England, when a boy, and died about 1G90. He is particularly noticed in the Pequot war, where he was simultaneously attacked by two Indians, and while defending himself broke the stock of his gun ; he then used the barrel, and finally killed them both. Captain Wainwright was a high-minded and influential citizen. He was supposed to be very rich, and there is a tradition which states that he had a large chest filled with dollars — and that he offered a man the whole if he would extract one of them with his fingers. The man " jiulled and tugged," as our informant said, with all his strength, but alas ! the thing was impossible, and he was obliged to leave it, and be satisfied with only looking at the precious stuff. It was also said that he buried much of his money, and a part of the field south of Captain Nehemiah Emerson's house, has been dug over, for the purpose of finding it. The large oak-tree, near Little River, has been twice dvig around for the same object, within the remembrance of many of our citizens; but the tantalizing dreams of the " money-diggers," it is believed, were never realized."! The 29th day of August, 1708, will ever be remembered by the inhabi- tants of Haverhill, as that of the last, and the most formidable attack * Near the west end of Plug Pond. t The field here alluded to is now almost completely covered with dwelling houses, it being that part of the village bounded by Little River on the south and west, Winter Street on the north, and the easterly line of the lots on the easterly side of Emerson Street on the cast. The old oak tree is yet standing, near the south w est corner of Emerson Street. — G. W. C. 230 HISTOEY OF UAVERIIILL. made upon the town during the long years of troubles with the Indians and their allies. There was an alarm in the town on the night of the 25th of the following month, but, fortunately, no attack was made. Colonel Saltonstall, in a letter to the Governor and Council, under date of the 27th, informs them "that a party of the enemj', to the number of about thirty, were discovered in the town on Saturday night, but that he soon gave the alarm, drew a number of soldiers together, and had repelled and driven them back without suffering any loss." The Boston News Letter, of October 4, (1708,) thus alludes to the affair: — " In our last we mentioned a second attempt upon Haverhill ; it issues thus ; that some few sculking Indians were discovered in the Town in the night, and the alarm being made, they were soon frighted, and drew off without doing any mischief."" The distressed condition of the town after this terrible visitation, induced them to petition the General Court, for an abatement of their taxes, — which was granted. The following was their petition : — " The Petition of Ye Subscribers humbly showeth. That whereas ye llighteous and Holy God hath been pleased in ye dis- pensation of his Providence to suffer ye Enemy to break in upon us, »& by their violent Assaults & Depredations to make desolate several of ye best of our habitations in Haverhill, Damnifying us to ye value of about 1000 : lb beside (which is more) loss of lives, thereby reducing us to great extremity and distraction, discouraging of hearts of many amongst us who are upon designs & endeavors to remove, whereby our condition is rendered in some measure comparable to yt of David's & ye men with him when Ziklag was Spoiled. Considering also in conjunction therewith ye extreem charges we must be exposed unto (if our town stands) in building strong Garrisons. Now settling a Mimister. The great obstructions against carrying on our dayly occasions, with other difficult cii'cumstances attend- ing us too tedious here to enumerate. We makbold to spread our case before Yor Hours supplicating your Heedful & compasionate Regards thereto, so far to Alleviate us, as to grant unto us a Release from yt part of ye Tax to her Majesty wh is set upon us this year. And hoping yt of yr wonted Clemency & Candor you will not pass by our Sufferings & Sorrows as those yt are unconcerned. We beg yr favor & pardon, & Leave * The only other losses by the Indians this season, were the foUowins : — May 8th, four captured at Exeter, and one killed at Oyster River; July 22d, three killed and two captured at the latter place, four children captured at Exeter, and two killed and the same number captured at Kingston. HISTORY OP HAVERHILL. 231 to say, yt your G-ratification of our request will strengthen those bonds of obligation to Duty & Service which are already upon us who freely sub- scribe ourselves Yor Humble Servts & petitionrs. Haverhill (^ , . f Jonathan Emerson Dated Octobr n „ i -n -s Jouathan Eatton 18 1708. ^^ Haverhill l^y-^^-^^^ Johnson." The Court ordered the sum of thirty pounds to be abated from their tax. September 15th, (1708) a meeting was called to see about a new minis- ter, and a committee was chosen to supply the pulpit, " for the present, & for the coming winter." The committee engaged a Mr. Nicholas Seaver, who preached regularly until the next February, (7th) when a meeting was called " about a minister, as Mr Sever'stime was near out that he promised to stay." The town formally thanked Mr. Seaver for his pains and labor in the work among them ; desired his continuance and settlement ; and chose a committee to confer with him about the matter. March 1st, another meeting was called, at which it was voted to pay Mr. Seaver annually twenty pounds in money, and forty pounds in corn, as money, if he would settle in the town. Two weeks afterward, they voted to add one hundred pounds in money to their former offer, "to be improved by him in settling himself with a house," and allow him the use of all the parsonage land. This was indeed a very liberal offer, and the fact that but four persons dissented from it, shows that Mr. Seaver was highly esteemed by the people of the town. June 14th, another meeting was held to see about settling Mr. Seaver, at which the town voted to give him four contributions annually, and twenty cords of wood, in addition to what they had previously offered him. They then adjourned to the 2 1st, when Mr. Seaver's proposals were received, read, and declined. The records do not inform us what his pro- posals were. Mr. Seaver did not continue to preach in town after his proposals were declined. He was succeeded by Kev. Mr. Brown, who gave such complete satisfaction to the church and the people, that "At a church meeting in Haverhill, Voted that the thanks of this church be returned to the Eev. Mr. Eichard Brown for his labors with us in the work of the ministry hitherto, and that they desire his continuance with us still in that work in order to a settlement. And by a unanimous vote, not one person then present dissenting the Eev. Mr. Eichard Brown was made choice of to be their minister and Pastor if he may be obtained." This is the earliest record now preserved of a church meetivg in the town. 232 HISTORY OF HAVERniLL. The same day, a town meeting was held, at which it was unanimously voted to "concur with the church" in its selection of Mr. Brown for a minister, and a committee was chosen to treat with him, and also to treat with the administrator for the purchase of the late Mr. Eolfe's house." December 7th, the committee reported upon the latter proposition, and the town voted to purchase the house. The price paid for the house, and all his land, was three hundred pounds. At this meeting, fifteen pcrsonsf had liberty "to build a scat to sit in, in. the hind seat of the meeting house, in the west gallery, they also prom- ising that they would not build so high as to damnify the light of them ■jyindows at the said west end of the said west gallery," provided they made up the number of twenty persons to sit in said seat. At the next meeting, eight others| had leave " to build a pew in the hinder seat of the front gallery ;" and thirteen young ladies§ were granted permission " to build a pew in the hind seat in the east end of the meeting house gallery," provided, as in the first mentioned case, they did not *' damnify or hinder the light." The following is equally curious: — "John "White desiring leave to set up a shed on the outside of the window at the west end of the meetinghouse to keep out the heat of the sun there, it was readily granted." (Query, — "Were window curtains then unknown ?) Another Commoners' meeting was held in the spring of this year, (1709) at which John "White, the Town Clerk, was chosen "Proprietors Clerk," and it was decided to hold a meeting on the first Tuesday in April, annu- ally. From the record of this meeting it appears, that at the first meeting, the previously chosen committee had reported the names of all those who were entitled to vote as proprietors of the common land. The same per- son being clerk for the town, and also for the Commoners, the record of their meetings was kept in the town's book of records until April 13th, 1713, T/hen they commenced keeping them in a separate book, and so continued to keep them, until they ceased to meet, as such. Mr. Brown, for reasons not given, declined to accept the call to settle in town. He preached here twenty-four Sabbaths, and was succeeded by Rev. Joshua Gardner. t Nathaniel Merrill, Samuel Roberts, Henry Sanders, John Corlist, Joseph Hutchins, Nathanifel Clement, Samuel Watts, Nathaniel Merrill, Jr., John Mulckin, William Smith, John Silver, Thomas Silver, John Reivy, Ephraim Roberts, Jr., William Whittier. The following afterward joined with them:— Samuel Haseltine, Edward Carleton, Abell Merrill, Nathaniel Emerson, Jr., John Lad. 1 John Ela, Samuel Ela, Ebenezer Eatton, Robert Slackman, Samuel Peaty, Jonathan Clark, Samuel Currier, Jr., Hope Rogers. § Abig.iU Duston, Abigail Mitchell, Abigail Lad, Mary^rli.% Elizabeth Watts, Mary Mitchell, Sarah Peasly, Elizabeth Simons, Susannah Hartshorn, Abiah Clement, Abigail Simons, Bethiah Bodwell, Sarah Merrill, HISTORY OF HAVERHILL. 233 With the following, from Mirick, we close our record of this year : — " The house of Col. Richard Saltonstall was blown up by a negro wench, on the night of the 29th of March. In Mr. Pike's journal, it is mentioned thus : — ' Colo. Saltonstall's house blown up by negroes 29th March, 1709. Though many lodged that night in the house, yet nobody hurt. A mar- vellous providence.' Tradition has hoarded many stories concerning this affair, some of which are extremely ridiculous. The following, it is be- lieved, is a true statement of the case. It appears that the Col. had severely corrected the wench, some time previous, for misbehaviour, and ever after, she cherished a feeling of hatred toward him, and determined to take signal revenge. In the dead of night, on the 29th, when the house was wrapped in a profound stillness, she carried a quantity of powder into the room, directly under that which was then occupied by the Col. and his wife. Having fixed a long train and connected it with the powder, she dropt a match upon it and fled precipitately to the farm-house, which stood but a few rods distant. She had scarcely secured herself, when the pow- der went off with a tremendous explosion, and nearly or quite demolished the house. The Col. and his wife were thrown in their Ked some distance from the house, without receiving any injury. The soldiers stationed in the house, were scattered in every direction, but happily, no lives were lost. The Col., after recovering from his surprise, went directly to the farm-house and found his servants all up, excepting this wench, who feigned sleep. He suspected and charged her with the deed, but it could never be proved." 30 234 HISTORY OF HAVERHILU CHAPTER XV. 1710 TO 1722. At a meeting of tlie town, May 15, 1710, it was unanimously Totcd, to invite Eev. Joshua Gardner to settle in town, and, at the same time, the thanks of the town were tendered him " for his labors hitherto." We find nothing more about his settlement, until October, when a church meeting was held, to consider the matter, at which he was unanimously made choice of ; and, at a town meeting, the same day, this action of the church was unanimously concurred in. The salary voted him was seventy pounds per annum, payable " one half in good passable money, & the rest in good merchantable corn, at money price, or in good passable money, & the use of all the Parsonage Housing & lauds & meadous." This offer, though not so large as the one made Mr. Seaver, seems to have been satisfactory to Mr, Gardner, as may be seen from the following letter, which was read at a town meeting December 11th, and " very well accepted " : — " To the church and inhabitants of Haverhill. Dearly beloved in Christ Being informed by your Committee that it is your unanimous desire that I should settle with you for the carrying on the work of the ministry among you ; and also what you have freely voted to do for my mainten- ance : I have taken the matter into consideration, and advised with my friends upon it, who universally encourage me to accept the invitation. Therefore apprehending that providence does as it were thrust me forth into his harvest, and finding a greater inclination & more encouragment of late to enter upon the work than formerly, my thoughts are, I am bound in duty to give up myself to the service of Christ in the work of the min- istry among you fearing if I should do otherwise God would be displeased with me. I do therefore hereby declare that I do cheerfully, and that not without a sense of my* own insufficiency for so great & solemn a work, endeav- ouring to place my entire dependence upon God for direction & assistance to carry it on — accept your invitation on the terms you propose. Thankfully acknowledging your kind acceptance of my labors with you hitherto ; likewise your respect & love shown me in your late invitation & proposals ; earnestly begging your prayers to God for me that he will abxin^ HISTORY OF HAVERHILL. 235 dantly furnish me with all needful qualifications for the work I trust he is calling me unto ; and that I may come unto you in the fulness of the blessing of the Gospel of Christ I take leave to subscribe myself your brother in Christ Joshua Gardner." Mr. Gardner was ordained the 10th of January, 1711, the town paying all the expenses of the occasion, — amounting to twelve pounds. Though the town had not been troubled by the Indians for above two years, yet they did not think it prudent to relax their vigilance, — at least, so far as their means of defence werc concerned. Their garrisons, and houses of refuge, were kept in complete order for occupation at a mo- ment's notice, and the parsonage house was repaired and fortijiedp A large company of soldiers, under the command of Lieutenant-Colonel Saltonstall, were also kept constantly armed and equipped, and exercised in the town ; and, that these soldiers might be the better prepared for every emergency, the General Court (June 19. 1,710,) ordered them to be supplied with snow shoes. Snow shoes were also supplied to the whole of the Xorth Kegiment of Essex, The names of the snow shoe men in Hav- erhill, were Thomas Whittier, John Eaton, Joseph Emerson, Christopher Bartlett, Jr., Joseph Bond, Anthony Colby, Nathaniel Duston, Samuel Dow, Ephraim Davis, Jonathan Eaton, Job Eaton, John Ela, JPeter Green, Sen., Ephraim Gilc, Matthew Harriman, Jr., Josiah Heath, Jr., John Hutching, Jr., Andrew Michel, John Marsh, John Page, Jr., Nathan Simons, John "Webster, Daniel Lad, Jr., Jonathan Eastman, Samuel Eobards, James Ayer, Edward Ordway, Elisha Davis. William Davis, Abraham "VMiittiker, Jonathan Simons, Eobert Hunkius, Joseph Bradley, Ephraim Eobards, .John Heath, Jr., Benjamin Page, Jr., John Shepard, Nathaniel Smith, Stephen Emerson, Stephen Johnson, Jonathan Hendrick, Samuel Huckins, Adum Draper, Eichard AVhittier, John AVatts, Stephen Davis, Eobert I'easly, Joshua Padington, Samuel Ayer, William AVhittaker, John Heseltiue, William Johnson, Abraham Bradley, Samuel Davis, Thomas Johnson, John Stevens. ® The expense of repairing the parsonage was eleven pounds fourteen shillings and six pence. Among the items in the bill we find — Clear white pine boards, at five shillings and eight pence per hundred ; plank, at seven shillings per hundred; labor, at three shillings per day; and large board nails at one shilling and four pence per hundred. Among the bills of the year, we find one for a barrel of cidir for the minister, the price of which was five shillings and six pence; and one for the services of the Town Clerk for the past year, Un shillings. 236 HISTORY OF iiaveriiill. At the annuiil meeting for 1711, the Selectmen were ordered to hire a Grammar School master, who was " to move quarterly to such places as the Selectmen agree to, as shall be most convenient for the inhabitants of the town." It seems that no school-master could be found who would move quarterly, and after trying for six months to hire one, another meeting was called, and a proposition submitted that the town pay a teacher five pounds to keep a school one (parter at the school-house. This was voted down immediately, — probably by those who lived at a distance from the village, and who desii'cd to share with the villagers in the advantages of such a school, as will appear hereafter. From the bills approved this year, we learn that Obadiah Ayer kept a school half a year in 1710, for which he was paid fifteen pounds. He also kept this year, the same length of time. It was not, however, what they called a Grammar School, as only " reading, writing and cyphering" were included in the list of studies. Some idea of the extent, as well as location, of the Cow Common, as first laid out, may be formed from the following vote of the Commoners, April 3, 1711 : — " Voted and granted that the Cow Common may be fenced in from the Pond Bridge & so by Ephraim Guile's, and as far as the river runs by Ephraim Eoberts sawmill, and so to Tho Duston's :" Those that fence it in to set up convenient gates for passage with teams; one at the Pond Bridge, one at Ephraim Guile's, one at Tho Duston's, one gate by Samuel Smith's house, another by Stephen Dow's on the Wid: Bromege's, and another, if need be, at the lane by Jonathan Emerson's : This Common to be improved by those that fence it in, & not others, for the feeding of cows, sheep, & riding horses, & no other cattle, for this year & until the Com- moners shall take further order." A meeting of the Commoners was called October 15th, to consider about making some more stringent regulation in relation to the " transporting of timber, staves, and firewood" out of town. The vote of the town, passed in 1674, being read, it was declared that it could not well be mended, and therefore nothing further was done. John Swett, a native of Newbury, was this year appointed ferryman at the Rocks ; — hence the name of " Swett's ferry." It is believed that there were then no more than two houses at that place ; and, indeed, the whole town had increased but very little, if any, in population, during the last " Th«t is, the fence followed the utrenm from the ontkt of the Great Pond, arounil to Tho Duston's, — or near the junction of Fishing nud Little Rivers. HISTORY OF HAVERHILL. 237 thirty years. Strangers would not move into it, on account of the danger arising from the Indian war, and it is probable that those who sickened and died, and those who were slain by the enemy, nearly equalled the births. The only damage done by the Indians this year, was at Cocheco (Dover) in the spring, when five persons were killed. But the constant fear of them caused a strong force to be kept in the frontier towns. As late as August 27, 1712, a foot company of fifty men was ordered to be raised, and posted at Haverhill. At the annual meeting for 1712, several persons''^ applied for an abate- ment of their taxes for the ministry, and the school, on account of the great distance they lived from the Town, and the difficulty they met with in coming. The town voted to abate one half of their ministry rates. This year the town was again presented for being destitute of a school- master, and on the 12th of May, Nathaniel Haseltine was chosen to appear at the Court of Gleneral Sessions, held at Salem, to answer it. Nothing further was done in this matter until the following March, when the town refused to give the Selectmen power to hire a school-master, and thus the subject rested until June, when a meeting was called to see what should be done about schools in town. By a law of 1700, every town of fifty families and upwards was required to be coustanly provided with a school-master to teach children to read and write ; and every town of one hundred and fifty families was required to have a free grammar school, where youth could be instructed "in such grammar learning as may fit them for admittance into the college." Previous to this time, there had been but one place in town for a school — in the village — and, as a matter of course, those who lived in distant parts of the town could have but little benefit from it. That this disad- vantage was felt, is seen from the vote, in 1711,— to engage a school-master who should " move quarterly." But now the question assumed a more definite form. Petitions were received from several of the inhabitants,! for a school house in the northwest part of the town, near Job Clements' at the town's cost, and a school one quarter of a year, " that they might have the benefit of having their children brought up to learning as well as the children of those that live in the center of the Town; " and also " Henry Bodwell, John ftuttersou, Thomas Austin, Joshua Stephens, Robert Swan, John Cross, William Cross, Robert Swan, Jr., Joshua Swan. These all lived In that part of the t'bwn now Methuen. t Joseph Emerson, Mathcw Herriman, Jobe Clements, Joseph Heath, John Stephens, Aaron Stephens, Ephraim Roberts, Josiah Heath, sen.. Benjamin Emerson, Josejjh Johnson, Samuel Worthen, James Heath, Thomas Johnson, William Whittiker, John Simons, Josiah Heath. 238 HISTORY OP nAVERIIILL. from several of the inhabitants in the north-easterly part of the town/- for a school-house and school "near the house of Mr John Whittier, on the common, between the two bridges, & between the house of Danl Ela, and the Country road." Both petitions were granted ; and the selectmen were ordered to provide a school-master : and a committee was chosen to build the school-houses immediately. The latter were to be " 20 ft long, 16 ft wide, & 8 ft stiid, & furnished so as may be comfortable & convenient." Mr. Ayer kept the school in the town this summer, and a Mr. Stedman, of Cambridge, kept the succeeding fall and winter. Hostilities having ceased in Europe early in this year, the Indians again expressed a desire for j)eace, and a treaty was entered into with them at Portsmouth, which was attended by delegates from the tribes on the St. John, Kennebeck, Ameriscoggin, Saco, and Merrimack, and articles of pacification were duly signed July 18th, 1713, and were formally con- firmed, with loud demonstrations of joy, by a great body of Indians who were assembled at Falmouth, waiting the result. Thus was peace once more permitted to smile on the New England frontiers. By the terms of this treaty, the English were allowed to enter upon their former settlements, without molestation or claim on the part of the Indians, while to the latter was reserved the right of hunting, fishing and fowling, as freely as they enjoyed in 1693 ; and government was to estab- lish convenient trading houses for the Indians, where they might obtain their supplies without the fraud and extortion which had been practiced in former years. f The next spring, a ship was sent to Quebec, to exchange prisoners. Among the town votes of 1713, we find one in which the selectmen and constables were ordered " to regulate the conduct of disorderly boys on the Sabbath, in the meeting house." From this it is evident that boys were — hoys, as long ago, at least, as the time of our great-grand-parents. At the annual meeting in 1714, Eobert Swan petitioned for permission to keep a ferry near his house, but the town declined to grant the request. Another petition was received at this meeting for permission to build a "women's pew" in the meeting house.f The place proposed was "the hind seat in the women's gallery." The matter was left with the Selectmen. o John Sanders, Robert Ilustings, Anthony Colbie, Joseph Whittier, James Snnders, Robert Hcnkins, Samuel Currii-r, John Currier, John Page, Jr., Robert Hastings, Jr., Jonathan Peasly, T3enjamin Page, Jr., Daniel Ela, Benjamin Page, Sen., Abraham Page, Thomas Johnson, Jr., Joseph Qrcly, John George, John Kleh. t Hutchinson estimates that, "from 1875 to 1713, 5 to 6000 of the youth of the country had perished by the enemy, or by distempers contracted in the service." X The petition was signed by Hannah Simons, Elizabeth Currier, Hannah Eatton, Judith Eatton, Mchetable Guile, Ruth Dow, Abigail Dow, Sarah Johnson, Sarah Uaseltiuc, Hannah Heath, Sarah Guile. HISTORY OF HAVERHILL. " 239 A petition was also received for a school-liouse in the northwesterly part of the town, "between Hog-hill and the hrick-kill bridge;" but "very- few if any persons voted for it," and the request was therefore denied." At this meeting, the Selectmen were " desired to seat the negroes in some convenient place in the meeting-house, if they can." This appears to have been the origin of the "negro pew," in this town; and it is worthy of note, that the practice thus inaugurated, continued so long as there were negroes in the town, — a period within the memory of many persons now living. In this connection, we give the following synopsis of the history of slavery in Massachusetts. We condense it from the reply of Dr. Belknap of Boston, to Judge Tucker of Virginia, in 179o.| Samuel Maverick resided on Noddle's Island when Winthrop came over in 1630. He had a fort and four great guns, John Joselyn, who came to New England in 1638, mentions Mr. Maverick's negro woman and a negro man, and "another negro who was her maid," and that "Mr. Maverick was desirous to have a breed of negroes." He understood that the negro woman "had been a queen in her own country," &c. The laws enacted between 1630 and 1641, make mention of servants and masters, man-servant, and maid-servant ; in 16-45 mention is made of negroes " fraudulently and injuriously taken and brought from Guinea" by Captain Smith to Piscataqua. About the same time (1645) a law was made " prohibiting the buying and selling of slaves, except those taken in lawful war, or reduced to servitude for their crimes by a judicial sentence, and these were to have the same privileges as were allowed by the law of Moses," In 1649 it was enacted — " If any man stealeth a man or man- kind, he shall surely be put to death. Exodus xxi — 16." In 1675-6-7 some Indians, who had submitted to the government, joined against the English in Phillips war. Those taken in arms, were adjudged guilty of rebellion. Some were put to death, but most of them were sold into slavery in foreign countries. Some of these latter found their way home, and joined with the hostile Indians in a succeeding war, in revenge. African trade was never prosecuted, in any great degree, by merchants of Massachusetts. Negroes were probably introduced via trade with Barbadoes. In 1703, a duty of four pounds was laid on every negro imported. Not over three ships a year ever engaged in the African trade. .= The names of the petitioners were — Peter Green, Jotham Hendrick, Nathaniel Peasly, Samuel Clements, James Sanders, Peter Green, Jr., John Page, John Eatton, Matthew Herriman, Jr., Joseph Peasly, Abraham Page, Henry Sanders. t From Mass. Hist. Soc. Coll. Vol. 4, 194. 240 ' HISTORY OF HAVERHILL. Rum was the main spring of it. Slaves purchased in Africa were chiefly sold in the West Indies, or Southern colonies. AVhen the markets were glutted, and prices low, some were brought here. Very few whole cargoes ever came. One gentleman remembers only two or three : — One thirty to forty years ago, which was mostly children. Ehode Island did much more of this than Boston. Some of their vecsels, after selling prime slaves at the West Indies, brought the remnant to Boston. Boston is the only seaport in Massachusetts ever concerned in the business. About the time of the stamp act, the trade declined, and in 1788 was prohibited by law. The causes of its declension were, — it required large capitol — was hazardous — was never supported by popular opinion — the voice of con- science was against it — those engaged in it, in their last hours bitterly lamented it — the laboring people complained of the blacks, as intruders — the inconsistency of pleading our own rights and liberties, while we encouraged the subjugation of others. There was never anything like a census before 1763, and it was not then very accurate. It was very unpopular. The second was in 1776 ; the third in 178*1. In 1763 there were in Mass. 5,214 blacks, or 45 to 1 of population. 1776 " " 5,249 " " 65 " 1 " 1784 " " 4,377 " " 80 " 1 " " In 1700, (first United States Census) there were in Massachusetts and Maine, six thousand blacks and Indians — about two thousand were mixed and blacks. Slaves were most numerous previous to 1763. Prince Hall, a very intelligent black man, aged fifty-seven years, thinks slaves were most numerous about 1745. Boston contained one-fourth part of all of them. In country towns, he never heard of more than three or four on a farm, except one, which had sixteen, and " it was a distinguished singu- larity." They were employed as rope-makers, anchor-smiths, ship-carpen- ters, and in families, as servants. Negro children were always reckoned incumbrances, and when weaned, were given away like puppies. The negroes were inventoried and taxed as ratable property. Some of them purchased their freedom ; and some were liberated by their masters. The law was against manumission, un- less the master gave bonds for maintenance in case of sickness, or decrepitude. Negroes were forbidden to strike a white man, on pain of being sold out of the province. If found out after nine o'clock, P. M., they were sent to the House of Correction. Inter-marriage was prohibited, under severe penalties. HISTORY OT" nAVERHILL. 241 The controversy about slavery began about 17G6, and was warmly con- tinued till 1773, by newspaper articles, pamphlets, speeches, &c. The Quakers helped the cause along. In 17G7, an attempt was made in the legislature to discourage the slave trade, but it failed ; and again, in 1773, on petition from the negroes. In 1774, an act was passed by the Assem- bly, to prevent importation ; but it was vetoed by Governor Hutchinson. After the adoption of the Constitution of 1780, which declares " all men free and equal," many asked for, and obtained their freedom. Some took it without leave. Many aged and infirm continued in the families where they had lived. In 1781, an indictment was found against a white man in Worcester County, for assaulting, beating, and imprisoning a black. He was tried in the Supreme Judicial Court, in 1783. His Defence was, that the black was his slave, and the beating, kc., were necessary correc- tion. The Ansiver was the foregoing clause of the Constitution. The judges and jury decided that he had no right to beat or imprison the negro, and he was found guilty and fined forty shillings. This was tiie death- blow to slavery in Massachusetts. We believe that the earliest distinct allusion to "servants" we have met with in the records or traditions of this town, is the record of the death of " Hopewell, an Indian Servant of John Hutchins," in 1668. The next, is found in the account of the remarkable preservation of Eev. Mr. Rolfc's children, by his "negro woman," Hagar, in 1708. Hagar " owned the covenant, and was baptized," with her children, (two sons and one daugh- ter) by Eev. Mr. G-ardnei-, in 1711. In 1709, the house of Colonel Eichard Saltonstall was blown up, by "his negro wench," whom he had previously "corrected." In 1723, Eev. Mr. Brown had an Indian ser- vant, as may be seen from the following entry in his book of church records: — " Baptized Phillis an Indian Girl, Servant of John & Joanna Brown." In 1728, Mr. Brown baptized " Mariah, negro servant of Eich- ard Saltonstall." In 1738, Eev. Mr. Bachellor baptized " Celia, Negro child of John Corliss." In 1740, he baptized "Levi, Negro child of Sam- uel Parker." In 1757, he baptized "Dinah, negro child of Samuel Haseltine ; " and, also, " Lot & Candace, negroes belonging to Eichard and Martha Ayer. In 1764, he baptized "Gin, negro Girl of Peter Carleton." Mr. Bachellor had himself a negro servant, as we find, in the church book of records of the West Parish, under date of March 24, 1785, the follow- ing entry among the deaths: — " Nero, servant to ye Eevd Mr Bacheller." There is a tradition that he had a negro named " Pomp," who is said to have dug the well near the old meeting-house. As the story goes, just before setting out for an exchange with a distant minister, Mr. Bachellor 31 242 HISTORY OP nAVERHILL. Bet Pomp at work to dig the well, and gave him positive instructions to have it done by the time he returned. Pomp labored diligently, and with good success, until he came to a solid ledge. This was too hard for his pick and spade, and poor Pomp was greatly perplexed. His " massa " had directed him to have the well done when he returned, but how to get through the solid rock was more than Pomp could tell. While in this dilemma, a neighbor happened along, who advised that the ledge should be blasted with powder, and kindly instructed Pomp how to drill a hole for the blast. The latter, much pleased at the prospect of getting his job finished in season, worked vigorously at his drill, and soon had a hole nearly deep enough, when he suddenly struck through the ledge, and the water commenced rushing up through the hole with such force, that he was obliged to scramble out of the well as fast as possible, to escape drowning. It is said that the well has never been dry since. From Eev. Mr. Parker's book of church records, in the East Parish, we find that, in 1750, he "baptized Jenny, the Servant child of Joseph & Mary Greelee ; " in 1758, " Phillis, the negro child of Ezekiel and Sarah Davis;" and, in 1764, "Mercy, the negro child of Seth & Hannah Johnson." Prom the official census of 1754, we find that there were then in this town sixteen slaves, "of sixteen years old and upwards," In 1764, the number was twenty-five. From a partial file of the town valuation lists, from 1750 to 1800, we learn that the following persons in this town owned slaves. It is worthy of note, that with the very few exceptions noted, but one negro was owned by each person : — 1753. John Cogswell, John Dimond, Benj Harrod, John Hazzen (2), Col Eichd Saltonstall (2), Wm Swonten (2), John Sawyer, Saml AYhite. These Avere all in the First Parish. 1754. In the East Parish, Joseph Greelee, Wm Morse, Amos Peaslee, Timothy Hardey. 1755. In the First Parish, John Cogswell. In the West Parish, John Corlis. 1759. In the First Parish, Moses Clements, Samuel AYhite, Samuel ANTiite Esq, Thos AYest. In the AYest Parish, Joseph Haynes. 1761. In the AA'est Parish, Samuel Bacheller, Joseph Haynes. 1766. In the First Parish, Moses Clements, Xathl Cogswell, James McHard, Samuel AAlxite, Samuel AA'hite juu (2), John \Yhite. 17G9. In the East Parish, Dudly Tyler. mSTOUY OP HAVERHILL. 243 1770. In tlie First Parish, Moses Clements, James McHard,- Samuel Souther, Saml White, Saml "White jun (2), John White. 1771. In the First Parish, Jona Webster, Saml Souther, John White, Saml White Esq,f James McHard, Moses Clement, Enoch Bartlett. In the East Parish, Dudley Tyler. 1776. In the East Parish, Wm Moors, Dudley Tyler. This is the latest date we find "negroes," or "servants," entered in the valuation lists in the town. In one list, the date of which is lost, but which was apparently some- where between 1750 and 1 760, we find the following : — Eobert Hutchins, Moses Hazzen (2), Eobert Peaslee (2), John Sanders, John Sweat, Saml White, Saml White jun, Christ: Bartlett, John Clements, Joseph Harimin, Joshua Harimin, Eadmun Hale, Daniel Johnson, Jona Eoberds, Wm Whitiker. We are informed by Mr. James Davis, that his father, Amos Davis, of the East Parish, owned two negToes named Prince and Judith, whom he purchased when young, in Newburyport. The bill of sale of them is still preserved in the family. Prince married a white woman, and, after secur- ing his freedom, removed to Sanbornton, N. H., where he has descendants still living, Judith remained in the family until her death. Deacon Chase, who lived in the edge of Amesbury, not far from the Eocks' Village, also owned a negro, named Peter, who is remembered by many persons now living. After the death of his master, he passed into the posession of a Mr. Pilsbury, with whom he lived until his death. William Morse, of the East Parish, had a negro servant, named Jenny. We also learn of one in the family of Job Tyler in the same Pai-isL From the town records, we learn, that in the month of September, 1714, there was a " great fire in the woods, whereby the hay was in general & great danger." We persume that a large part of their hay was usually stacked in the meadows, where it was cut, until wanted for feeding out in the winter, and it was these stacks which were thus endangered. The danger was so great, that but few of the inhabitants could leave home to attend town meeting, and it was therefore adjourned. In the records of this year, (1714) we find the first allusion to Stocks, in the form of an item in a bill : — " iron for the Stocks, 3s. 10." Judging from the cost of the iron they were either the first Stocks in town, or, at any rate, neio ones. •' The niime of this negro ■n-as "Jenny." — Tradition. t At a town meeting, September 22, 1705, a committee was chosen to assist " Salem, a black man, late a servant of Samuel V/hite," who had become chargeable to the town. Many now living remember "Old 8alem," who lived on the bank of the river, nearly opposite the foot of Kent Street. 244 uiSTORY OF havehhill. In October, the bounds of the town were renewed, by Samuel Danforth, a son of the person who first surveyed them. The following is his report to the General Court : — " Oct. 25, 1714. At the request of the Selectmen of Haverhill to renew the bounds of their town : I began al i\Ierrimack lliver upon Denisens where it was asserted by Lieut Stephen Barker & Kobert Swan, and Henry Bodwell of an old marked tree, & run north by a line of marked trees & heaps of stones to the north angle of the town, which was a great heap of stones ; This line we renewed well : then I run southeast by a line of marked trees to the eastward side of Cedar Swamp ; & this line we renewed until we came to a white oak tree marked with the letter X : and another tree marked H : and we found several of the trees on both lines marked with the letter H. Then I began at Holt's Eock's at Mcrrimac River & run northwest until I met with the line I left on the eastward side of Cedar Swamp : and I found one great j)illar of stones upon the line near the old Bam. I find these two lines accarding to the return that my honord father made to' the General Court ; and the Selectmen and several others assisted me in said work. Samuel Danforth Surveyor." Though highway surveyors had been regularly chosen by the town, since 1693, and had been appointed by the Selectmen for many years previous to that time, yet wc find no record or hint that money had been expended by them, or work done, except upon three or four bridges, until the year 1715, when "Jotham Hendrick, surveyor," was allowed six shillings for " mending the highway." As the smallest matters of town expense were recorded, we are confident that if any work or money had been expended upon the roads previous to this time, the records would surely contain some hint of the fact. As they do not, we feel safe in saying that the town did not, as such, expend a penny, or a day's labor, upon its roads, except for bridges, during the first seventy-five years of its settlement! Subsequent to this date, highway expenses are regularly mentioned. At the annual meeting in 1715, the town voted that Mr. Gardner might have a weekly contribution if he desired it, so that he might have some money " before the town rate was raised for him." At the next annual meeting (1715-16) a committee was chosen to join with him in leasing the Parsonage farm for twenty years, " if he live so long." Two weeks after- ward, Mr. Gardner was dead, and a town meeting was held (March 28) to see about finding some one to take his place. Mr. Barnard, his second successor, in a sermon, thus speaks of him : — " Mr. Gardner, who is warm in the hearts of a few of you to this day, was HISTORY OP HAVEKIIILL. 245 soon ripe for heaven, according to the account whicL was handed down of him. He was not suiFered to remain long by reason of death. Neither prayers nor tears could detain him from his inheritance above. In a few years he finished his course with joy." The following epitaph is taken from the simple monument raised to his memory : — '■^ Rev. Joshua Gardner died March 21, 1715, a man good betimes and full of the Holy Ghost and faith, of an excellent temper, of great integrity, prudence and courage — pastor of the church in Haverhill five years — who, having faithfully improved his talents, fell asleep in Jesus, and toent triumjihantly to receive his reivard in heaven.^^ After his death, the town voted to pay the expenses of his funeral, which amounted to thirty-four pounds nine shillings and six pence. =■•= A petition was this year presented to the town, signed by thirty of the inhabitants, desiring that the obstruction in Merrie's Creek, and the Fish- ing, or Little Eiver, might be removed, " so that a free passage for the fish might be obtained." The petition was granted. From the records of the same year, we learn, that the " Town's old book of grants and_^orders" was lost, and a committee was chosen to see if they could find it. From the bill presented by the committee the next year, it appears that they spent three days each in the business ; that Captain White, the Town Clerk, attended on the committee two days ; and that James Sanders made one journey to Salem to enquire after it, and another journey to " Sandige " to "enquire after and bring home the old town books." The whole expenses were four pounds, sixteen shillings. The books were ordered to be delivered to the Town Clerk. The town had once before refused to allow these books to be kept by that ofiicer, but hav- ing thus narrowly escaped a total loss, they wisely concluded they would be safest in his hands. After the death of Mr. Gardner, the pulpit was occupied by various ministers, among whom was Mr. Jonathan Cushiug, and Mr. Eobert Stan- ton. At a church meeting, held July 27th, 1716, to choose a minister, Mr. Cushing received twenty ^out of thirty-five votes ; and at a town meet- ing, the same day, he received one hundred and two out of one hundred and thirty-six votes.f The town then voted to oifcr him the same that they had paid Mr. Glardner. * William White made a journey to Boston to get supplies for the funeral. Among the items of ex- pense, was " one bbl cyder." Joshua Gardner married Mercy Pike, November 22,1711. Children, — Samuel, December 9, 1713; Nathaniel, August 27, 1715. t As our ancestors were always out in full force upon all such occasions, the above, we thiuk, is very near the full number of church members and voters in the town at this time. 246 HISTORY OF HAVERHILL. It seems, however, that the minority, who had all voted for Mr. Stanton, were not merely in favor of the latter, but were opposed to Mr. Gushing ; and, Xovember 28th, a meeting was called to hear the report of the com- mittee chosen to treat with 3Ir. Cushing, and " to hear what those persons have to allege against his settling here that are uneasy under his min- istry." The result was, that a Committee was chosen to consult the Eev. Mr. Leverett and Eev. Mr. Brattle, of Cambridge, as to the best course to be pursued. According to their advice a Committee was chosen to treat with a Mr. Fiske, who had preached iu town several times since the death of Mr. Gardner. But it seems that they could not unite peaceably upon Mr. Fiske, and recourse was again had to Cambridge for advice. January 2 2d a meeting was called " to hear the advice of the Kev. Mr. Leverett, & Mr. Brattle." The record does not say what their further advice was, but from the following, which was the first vote passed at the meeting, we presume they recommended a day of fasting and prayer : — " Voted that the Eevd Mr AEoody, Mr Parson, ^Ir A\'ise of Chebacco, Mr Wells, Mr Tappin, & Mr White be desired with the Eevd Mr Barnard, Mr Cushing, Mr Symes, & Mr Tufts, in keeping a day of humiliation, to seek for wisdom of hea.ven in our great affairs, on Wednesday the sixth day of February next." A Committee was chosen to invite the above named ministers, and receive their advice in the matter, and also to make provision for their entertain- ment on the day of the Fast. The result of the fast, was, that the Eev. Joseph Parsons, of Lebanon, was selected by the church for their minister. The church having made choice of Mr. Parsons, a meeting of the town was called. May 28, to consider the matter. As " a great many people were unsatisfied about his leaving his church" at Lebanon," several papers were read in the town meeting ; among them the determination of a Council acquitting him " from crimes laid to his charge," and declaring their approbation of his removal. The town voted that they were satisfied, and, by a vote of sixty-five to forty-eight, chose him to settle here as minister, offering him a salary of one hundred pounds, besides the use of the Parsonage lands and buildings. The minority, however, were so strongly opposed to his settlement, that, at a meeting called in the following August, (13th) the town, with but one dissenting voice, reconsidered the vote. October 30, a meeting was called, •' to forgive all past offences that have been given among us, concerning the settlement of a minister, and agree iu ** Jlr. Parsons was now preaching in Uaverhill. HISTORY OF HATERHILL 247 love and peace to consider & agree upon a suitable person to caiTy on the work of the ministry among us." The moderator, Ephraim Eoberts, proposed that all who wished to signify " their desires for peace and love one towards another, & for the sending for a minister to preach with us," should move to the east end of the meeting-house. They all moved to the east end, except three or four persons. The meeting then adjourned. Another meeting was held November 12, but, after "considerable dis- course" it adjourned without accomplishing anything, and the year closed without the settlement of a minister in the town. Sunday, October 21, 1716, was what is called "a dark day." It was so dark that candles were lighted at noon. Stephen Jaques, of Newbury, in his diary, says : — " On the sabath day about eleven of the clock in sarman time it grue so dark that one could not see a parson from one end of the metting hous to the other except it was against a window, nor could know another four seats off, nor read a word in a psalm boolP. It continued near half an hour. Sum ministers sent for candels, sum set still, till it was lighter. Sum was ready to think the world was at an end ; all seemed to be con- sarued. It was a time when ye air was very full of smoke. It came dayly down when it was a south west wind, the wind being now as I re- member at est, which might bring ye smoak back, & dark clouds pass over, as it being cloudy weather. I was an eie witness of this myself." The winter of 1710-17, is memorable for the unusual quantity of snow that fell between the 1 8th and the 24th of February. In these storms, the earth was covered with snow from ten to fifteen feet, and, in some places, even twenty feet deep. Many one story houses were entirely cov- ered, and, in many places, paths were dug from house to house, under the snow. Visits were made from place to place by means of snow shoes, — the wearers, in many cases, stepping out of their chamber windows on to the snow. In this manner, one Abraham Pierce, of Newbury, paid a visit to his " ladye love," and was the first person the family had seen abroad for more than a week. Cotton Mather has left a particular account of this " great snow," and the many marA^els and prodigies attending it. The town were yet without a settled minister, and, at one time, it seemed doubtful whether they would very soon be able to unite upon any one to settle among them. But the cloud of dissentiou at last blew over, and at a meeting held early in February, 1718, " Mr Samuel Chickley- " was unanimously made choice of for their minister. Two months after- ward, (April 23) he received a formal call from the town, accompanied o ChecJdey. ~'~^ " 248 HISTORY OF HAVERHILL. with the offer of one hundred pounds salary, and the use of all the Par- sonage land east of sawmill river.'* For reasons not given, Mr. Checkley declined the offer. The successor of Mr. Checkley, as occasional minister, or candidate for Bettlement, was Mr. John Brown, of Little Cambridge, (now Brighton) who pleased the people so well, that in October they unanimously invited him to settle among them, and offered him the same salary that they had previously voted to give Mr. Checkley. Mr. Brown accepted the invita- tion, and was ordained on the 13th of the next May, (1719.) Mr. Brown graduated at Cambridge, in 1714. He married Joanna Cotton, daughter of Kev. Eowland Cotton, of Sandwich, an " eminently pious and worthy Lady." They had ten children, six sons and four daughters. Four of the sons were educated at Cambridge. John graduated in 1741, and was ordained in Cohasset. He died 1792, aged sixty-nine. Cotton graduated in 1743, was ordained at Brookline, on 2Gth of October, 1748, and dieft 13th of April, 1751. Dr. Cooper notices him as one who "had raised in his friends the fairest hopes, and given them just reason to expect in him one of the brightest ornaments of society, and a peculiar blessing to the church." Ward graduated in 1748, and died the same year. Thomas graduated in 1752, and was a minister at Stroudwater. He died^ in 1797. His eldest daughter married John Chipman, Esq., of Marblehead; another, a Mr. Dana, of Brookline, and a third Rev. Edward Brooks, of Medford, formerly minister at North Yarmouth.! The ferry, established in 1711, at Holt's Rocks, and kept by John Swett, was this year (1718) granted by the General Court to Haverhill and Xewbury for the term of forty years. In answer to Mr. Swett's peti- tion, this town granted him all its right in the ferry, if he would engage to carry the inhabitants over the river " for a penny a single person and four pence for a man and horse." AVe notice that, with the exception of two years, the bounty of twenty shillings on wolves had been annually voted up to this time. The num- ber of these troublesome animals in the vicinity may be judged from the fact that in 1716, five full-grown ones were killed in town. The bounty was continued for many years after this time. o The reason given for not including the parsonage land west of the atove river, was, — " not knowing hut ■what they may in some convenient time settle another minister there." t The following is IVom the Town Kecords : — John Brown, m Joanna Cotton. Ch. — Elizabeth, Oft 20, 1721; Martha Feb 0, 1723, d Oct 5, 173G; John, Mar 9. 1724; Nathaniel, Sep 20, 172;J, d. Oct 21, 1736; Cotton, Jan 21, 1726; Ward, July 19, 1728; Meriel, 3n]yo, 1730; Abig.ail, ; Thomas. }May 17, 1734 ; Samuel, Sep 17, 1736, d Nov 8, 1736 ; The Rev. John Brown, died Pec. 2, 1742. " Phillis, »n Indian servant" of Mr. Brown's, d Apl 22, 1729. HISTORY OF HAVERHILL. 249 The first mention we find of a deacon in town, is in the records of 1717. \vlien "Deacon John Haseltine " was chosen moderator of one of the meet- ings about a minister. A few weeks later, we find '-Deacon "White" (John) among the names. These two. then, were undoubtedly the active chui'ch deacons at this time. Deacon Hasc^ltiue was moderator of all the meetings called to see about a minister at this period, but not of other town meetings. Deacon White's seems to have been the usual stopping place for those who supplied the pulpit while there was no settled minister in town. The celebrated George Whitefield, who visited the town twice during bis well known labors in the vicinity, was, on both occasions, the guest of Deacon White. Whitefield did not preach in town on his first visit, as strong objections were made to allowing him the use of the meet- ing-house ; but, on his second visit, he preached to a large congregation of people in the open air, opposite' the Deacon's house, on Mill Street. So strong was the prejudice against Whitefield, that the authorities of the town, hearing that he was to preach, sent him a warning to dej)art out of the town. Instead of complying with their request, he read their letter at the close of his afternoon discourse, and observing "Poor souls! they shall have another sermon," proceeded to give notice that he should preach at the same place, at sunrise, the next morning. He kept his word, and addressed a large ajidience. The following brief notice of the first settlement of Londonderry may not be considered inappropriate in this place, for reasons which will after- ward appear. On the 14th of August, 1718, there arrived in Boston five ship-loads of emigrants from the north of Ireland. = ■ They were descendants of a colony which went from Argjdeshire, in Scotland, about the middle of the seventeeth century. They were rigid Presbyterians, and fled from Scot- land to avoid the persecutions of Charles I. Soon after their arrival in New England, they petitioned the Assembly for a grant of land, and ob- tained liberty to make a settlement of twelve miles square in any of the unappropriated lands to the eastward. Twenty families of them sailed for Casco, where they remained until spring, when, not finding land whicL pleased them, most of them embarked for the Merrimack. They reached Haverhill April 2d, and while here, hearing of a fine tract of land about fifteen miles distant, called Nutjield, from the abundance of chesnut, but- ternut, and walnut trees, which distinguished its forests, the men left their * There were one hundred and twenty families in all. 32 250 HISTORY OF HAVERniLL. families in Haverhill, and went to view Nutfield. Being well pleased witli the location, and finding it unappropriated, they concluded to take it up. Having selected a spot, and built a few huts, they returned for their fami- lies, with whom they finally arrived at Nutfield April 11, 0. S., 1719. There were sixteen families of them. In 1720, they purchased the Indian title, and, although it was long a frontier town, they were never molested Tby the Indians. In 1722 their settlement was incorporated by the name of Londonderry, — from a city in the north of Ireland, near which they had formerly resided. These settlers introduced the culture of the potato, — a vegetable till then iinknown in New England, — and also the manufacture of linen cloth."' Potatoes were first raised in the garden of Mr. Nathaniel Walker, of Andover, and gradually, but very slowly, found their way into general cultivation. They are first mentioned in Newbury, in 1732; in Lynn, 1733; in 1737, Ecv. Thomas Smith, of Portland, says "there is not a peck of potatoes in the whole eastern country." So late as 1750, if any person raised so large a quantity as five bushels, great was the inquiry among his neighbors as to how he could dispose of the enormous quantity. They were first planted in this town by William White, who raised four bushels ; but he knew not how to make use of so large a quantity, and gave many of them to his neighbors. Eev. Mr. Parker, in his History of Londonderry, gives the following interesting account of their first cultivation in Andover : — "Previous to a permanent settlement at Londonderry, some of these people resided a few months at Andover, Mass., and on taking their depar- ture, a few potatoes were left with one of the families there, for seed. The potatoes were accordingly planted ; came up, and flourished well ; blossomed and produced balls, which the family supposed were the fruit to be eaten. They cooked the balls in various ways, but could not make them palatable, and pronounced them unfit for food. The next spring, while ploughing their garden, the plough turned out some of the potatoes, of great size, and thus discovered to them their previous mistake." At the annual meeting of this town, in 1719, it was voted "to make all the inhabitants of this Town proprietors in Common lands according to the charges they have borne in the town in the time of the war ; " and a com- mittee was chosen "to examine what every man paid to the rates in the time of the war in this town." AVe do not learn that this proposition was finally carried out. o Belknap, Hist. N. H. HISTOKY OF HAVERHILL. 251 The proceedings of the " Commoners," in holding separate meetings, and taking the management of the common land^ into their own hands, was not entirely satisfactory to all the inhabitants, and, early in June, 1719, "upwards of twenty of the Inhabitants & Freeholders" petitioned the selectmen to call a town meeting " to prevent the disposing of any more of the common-lands belonging to said Town by a few men contrary to a former vote of said Town ; " and also, " to choose a committee to pros- ecute any that have or shall encroach upon any of the lands, at the Town's cost." The selectmen refused to call such a meeting, and a warrant was thereupon issued by " Joseph Woodbridge Justice of the Peace." Nothing was done at the meeting thus called, except the dismissal of all committees previously chosen by the town, and the choice of a new committee, to prosecute encroachers upon the common lands of the town. From these proceedings, it will be seen, that the non-commoners were deter- mined to try their strength with the commoners, and the consequence was that the town soon became the seat of warm contentions, and disputes. At the time of the last named meeting, the feeling ran so high, that the commoners were refused the key of the meeting-house, and after organizing their meeting at its door, they adjourned to the tavern of James Pecker, where several subsequent meetings were also convened. In July of this year, Stephen Barker, Henry BodAvell, and others, peti- tioned the town " to grant or set them off a certain tract of land lying in the township of Haverhill that so they might be a township or parish," but their request was denied.* At the next March meeting, the following petition was presented : — " Whereas there is a certain tract of land in the West end of Haverhill containing Fifty or Sixty acres, lying on the south and south west of a Meadow commonly called bare meadow, which land, together with a piece of land lying on a hill called meetinghouse hill, in times past reserved by our forefathers for the use of the ministry, might in hard times make a convenient Parsonage ; if by the blessing of God, the gospel might so flourish amongst us, and we grow so populous, as to be able to maintain and carry on the gospel ministry amongst us. We therefore humbly pray that you would take into consideration the circumstances we are in, & the difficulty we may hereafter meet with in procuring a privilege for the ministry ; and that you would gi*ant, & settle & record the above said lands in your Town book, for the above said use, <* The petitioners lived in that part of the town now Methuen. 252 HISTORY OF HAVERHILL. &. you will gratify your humble petitioners and oblige us & our posterity to serve you hereafter in what we may. Joshua Swan, *Thos Johnson, Thos Whittier, Henry Bodwell, Edwd Carleton, Ephraim Clark, Henry Bodwell jun, Saml Hutchins, Thos Whittier sen, Danl Eodwell, Elisha Davis, Mathw Harriman, Jas Bodwell, John Hastings, Saml Smith; Thos Massar, John Gutterson, Saml Currier, James Davis, John Lad, Jona Clark,, Ahiall Masser, James Sanders jun, Stephen Barker, Henry Sanders, Wm Whittier, John Sanders." " This petition was granted according to the proposals therein made," and in July a committee was chosen to lay out the land. This spring (1720) the dispute between the commoners and non-com- mouors again came up for consideration, and at the annual meeting, the town unanimously voted to make the following proposal to the commoners: " That the inhabitants or nan-commoners so called, should have their right in all the Common or undivided lands in said Haverhill, lying on the West side of the way from William Johnson's to Jonathan Cloughs, in proportion with the Commoners according to the rates & taxes they have borne from the year 1094 to the year 1714." *' Nathan AVebster was chosen to prefer this request to the Commoners or Proprietors of the Common land in Haverhill." At an adjourned meeting, May 29, " The Commoners answer to the Town's proposal was brought into the Town meeting & read ; and the Com- moners therein signify to the Town that they can't see reason to grant their proposals at present." Upon this, the non-commoners appear to have decided to do as they pleased with the lands in dispute, as the very first vote at the next meeting, was, to " sell some common-land to pay the Towns debts or charges;" and the second was as follows: — " Voted and granted that that tract of land lying beyond Hoghill mill that lyeth within our Township not intrud- ing on the fourth division land shall be laid out to those men that have been out in long marches in the time of the war, and to others of the inhabitants of this Town, that will make speedy settlement on the same." A committee of five was chosen to lay it out forthwith, in fifty acre lots. At the July meeting, Ann Pecker petitioned for liberty to build a small pew in the meeting-house, " as through my infirmity and weakness, by reason of my age I cannot sit comfortably in the meetinghouse, during the time of divine service, the seat being so very narrow." Her recjuest was HISTORY OS" HAVERHILL ' 253 granted, and also one from Kichard Hazzen, who preferred a similar request, as he had "no place to sit but upon courtesy of Mr Eastman or ciowding into some fore seat, too honorable for me." Samuel Haseltine was granted a piece of common-land, for his work in " enlarging the galleries of the meeting-house ; " and various other grants and sales of common-land were also made at the same meeting. The town seem to have renewed the business of disposing of these surplus lands in good earnest. At the nest meeting they voted to " defend the land that they have sold or shall sell," and also to " bear all the charges that any man or men shall be put to, to defend the land that he hath bought or shall buy of the Town, by any suits in law until the title of said land shall be tried out." In October, a nreeting was held to see about the town's proportion of the £50,000 " Bank money " granted by the Great and General Court in 1720. Trustees were appointed to receive it, and were directed to let it out to individuals, inhabitants of Haverhill, in sums of £10 to £20, at five per cent, interest, payable annually. This year, there was a new " seating of persons in the meeting-house." The magnitude of the undertaking may be judged from the fact that it took the committee four days to do the job. As before, a second committee were appointed to assign seats for the first committee. At an adjourned meeting, December 11th, the following important action was taken in relation to the common lands in town : — '• Voted and granted that the common land in Haverhill except the Cow common and the land beyond Hoghill mill, shall be laid out into rate lots, according to the Charges or Eates that every person in this town has paid from the year 1692 to 1712, except those persons that removed out of the Town in the time of the war ; & excepting some land to make good old grants, if any do appear to be justly due from the Town." " Voted and granted that every five pounds that has been paid in public charges or rates in this Town by any persons within the time above men- tioned, shall draw one acre of land in the rate lots ; and so proportionably according to what sum they have paid Avithin the time above prefixed." A committee was chosen to take an account of the rates paid during the years specified, and also one to lay out the land according to the above votes. During this time the commoners were not by any means idle. At a meeting in January, (Jan. 2, 1721) Samuel White and William White were granted permission to set up a grist-mill and fulling-mill on Sawmill Eiver. The reason given for desiring to move their mill from Mill Brook to the above place, was, — the scarcity of water during a part of the year at Mill Brook. 254 HISTORY OF UAVERHILL. At the same meeting, a fifth division of land was ordered, which was to include all the undivided lands in town, except the cow-common. At a meeting in February. " the island or islands just above Spicket Falls " were sold to Asa and Kichard Swan, for £2, 10 s. At a meeting in June, the following interesting petition was presented : — " HaverhillJune 26, 1721: I'o ye commoners or proprietors of ye common lands in Haverhill : Ye petition of Ebenezer Eastman of ye sd Town humbly sheweth yt for as much as Trading by sea is one way whereby I expect to gett my living and furnish out my good neighbors wth many such nessisarys of life as are most conveniant, and ye Incouragmcnt of shipping being of very great consequence and a great Interest to this Town as well as my own, I would humbly request yt I may have liberty to erect a wharff some what above ye house where I now dwell yt soe navigation may be promoted, and yt Thereby ye whole Town of Haverhill as well as my self may receive an Annuall Income Thereby and you Infinitely oblige your humble petitioner Ebenezer Eastman." Ebenezer, son of Phillip Eastman, was born in Haverhill, February 17, 1681. His father was the person already mentioned as having been taken captive at the same time with the wife and children of Thomas Kimball, of Bradford ; and whose house and buildings were burned by the Indians, in 1698. From his youth, Ebenezer had been inured to hardship. At the age of twenty-one he joined the regiment of Colonel Wainwright in the expedition against Port Eoyal. In 1711, when the British fleet, under Admiral Walker, destined against Canada, arrived at Boston, Eastman, then about thirty years of age, had command of a company of infantry, which embarked with others in one of the transports. In going up the river St. Lawrence, they encountered a violent north- east storm, in which eight or nine of the transports were wrecked and about one thousand men lost.--' The following anecdote is related of Captain Eastman : — As night came on, the orders were that all the transports should follow the admiral's ship, which had a large light hoisted at mast-head for a signal. Captain Eastman was somewhat acquainted with the navigation of the river, having sailed up and down before. In the night, the light of the admiral's ship was not to be seen, and at the time when the fleet were doubling a very dangerous and rocky point. AVhcn the admiral's ship had fairly doubled o Ilolmes' Am. Annals. HISTOKY OF HAVERHILL. 255 the point and got into line, the light appeared in such a position as to draw the line of ships directly on to that dangerous point. Aware of the danger, Captain Eastman went to the commander, informed him of the peril, and begged him to alter the course of the vessel ; but, being then under the influence of licpor, the Captain positively refused to do so, saying he " would follow his admiral if he went to h — 1." " Well," said Captain Eastman, "I have no notion of going there, and if you wont alter the course of the vessel, I will." " If you do," replied the Captain, "your head shall be a button for a halter the next morning." Informing his company of their danger, and relying on their support, Captain Eastman ordered the Captain below, and the helmsman to change his course. Thus they escaped the wreck which befel other vessels of the fleet. The next morning, the humbled Captain on his knees acknowledged his deliverer and begged his friendship. On the following day, the admiral came on board, and on seeing Captain Eastman, abruptly asked : " Captain East- man, where were you when the fleet was cast away?" " Following my admiral," replied he. " Following your tidmiral ! " he exclaimed ; " you Yankees are a pack of praying devils — you saved yourselves but sent my men to h — 1." ■■= Soon after his return, Eastman entered with zeal into the projected set- tlement of Penacook, and was one of its most influential, j^ersevering and useful citizens. He married, March 4, 1710, Sarah Peaslee^ of Haverhill, daughter of Colonel Nathaniel Peaslee. Among the many traditionary anecdotes, it is related that soon after settling in Penacook, Eastman made a journey to Haverhill, on horse-back, purchased a barrel of molasses, and contriving what was called a car, — formed with two shafts, one end of which was fastened to the horse and the other dragged on the ground — lashed on his barrel of molasses, and proceeded on his journey homeward, along the path through the wilderness. He got along very well until he came to the Soucook Eiver. After crossing, the hill was very steep, and the horse would frequently stop to rest a few moments. Having nearly reached the top of the hill, the rigging gave way, down went his barrel of molasses at full speed, and, striking a tree, was dashed in pieces. " Oh dear T" exclaimed the Captain, " my wife will comb my head — yes, and harrow it too ! "f Captain Eastman went to Cape Breton twice — the first time, March 1, 1745, in command of a company, and was present at the reduction and surrender of Louisburg, June 16th. He returned November 10, 1745. Early the next year he went again, and returned home July 9, 1746. He o Bouton's Hist. Concord. t Bouton. 256 HISTORY OF HAVERHILI,. died July 28. 1748, and bis descendants are to this day among the most prominent and influential citizens of Concord. This jDctition of Captain Eastman, is the first mention we can find of the commerce of Haverhill, or " trading by sea ; " though it hardly seems probable that he was the pioneer in that direction. And yet, there are strong reasons for believing that he was the first loho inade it a bushiess. The sugar and wine, for Mr. Gardner's ordination, were brought from Boston, on horseback, by Deacon White ; the lime for plastering the par- sonage house, in 1719, was hauled from Newbury, by oxen ; and the nails for the watch-house were brought from Ipswich, on horseback. These small matters, and many similar that might be mentioned, taken in con- nection with the silence of the records, in regard to the navigation of the Merrimack, favor the supposition, that, up to this time, but little use had been made of the river for commercial purposes. The lots in the fifth division of land, were drawn November 20th, 1721, and, as showing who, or rather whose representatives, were the commoners at this time, the list is well wortK inserting in this place : — " The first lot to Jno Ayer 27 — Jno Dow purchased from mr 2 — Mr clemens Executors Coffins Eight 3 — ]\Ir Joseph Jewitt 28 — peter Ayer 4 — Jno page 29 — Richard Singletery 5 — Thomas Davis 30 — Jno Ayer 6 — Jno Williams sen. 31 — -Jno Hutchius 7 — Eobert Ayer 32 — wm Simons on the Eight of Jno 8 — James Davis jun Davis 9_Tho Whittier 33— Eob Swan 10 — John Johnson 34 — Jno chenary 11 — Thomas Sleeper 35 — proprietors 12 — Henry palmer 36 — Eichd littlchale 13_\Villm Holdridg 37— Tho Eatton 14_Stcphen Kent 38 — To nathll Ayer on his father Jno 1 5 — proprietors Ayers Eight in_Samll Guile 39— Edward dark 1 7 — To Eobt clement or Jno clemt 40 — Danll lad Eight 41 — James Davis sen 18 — Georg Brown 42 — James fisk 1 9 — ]\Iatthais Button 43 — Georg Corliss . 20— Danll Hendrick 44— John Eatton 21 — proprietors 45 — BarthoU Heath 22 — obadiah Ayer on his father Jno 46 — Theophilas Satchesell Ayers Eight 47 — proprietors 23 — Wm white 48 — hew shcrratt 24— Tho linforth 49— Abraham Tyler 25 — Mr Jno Ward 50 — To James pressess Eight," 26 — Joseph peasly HISTORY OF HAVERHILL. 257 Tlie fact that all these names, except seven, '■■= are to be found in the records within three years from the date of the Indian deed, and before the town was incorporated, shows most clearly who were at this time, consid- ered to be the proprietors of the undivided lands in the town. They were the heirs and assigns of the orifjinal purchasers. Those to whom lands had been granted since that time, were considered to have no further rights than had been granted them. That is, they could only claim the amount of land that the proprietors had specifically granted them. " The inhabitants of Pentucket," — their ancestors, — ha,d purchased every foot of the ter- ritory covered by the Indian deed, and their heirs and assigns were therefore the sole proprietors of it. Grants and sales made subsequent to the original purchase, by the proprietors as a body, did not include an in- terest in the remaining undivided lands, but only affected the title to the particular lands thus alienated. This seems to us be the position taken by the " commoners," or "proprietors," at this time. The " «o?i-comm oners," or " legal voters " in the town, on the other hand, seem to have taken the ground, that the territory having been origin- ally granted to the inhabitants of the town generally, all the common or undivided lands remaining at any time, belonged to all ivho loere legal in- habitants, or voters, at the time the toion should please to dispose of them. It mattered not whether one had been an inhabitant, or legal voter, one day or fifty years ; it was sufiicient if he was entitled to vote in town affairs at the time the disposal of the undivided lands came up for consideration. If he was so entitled, he had an equal interest, or proprietorship, in such lands, with each and every other inhabitant of the town at the time. These widely different and opposing conclusions, furnish a key to the long, and, at times, warm controversy, carried on concerning the undivided lands in the town. The loss of the town's books, which we have before noticed, is doubtless to be accounted for by this controversy. When the books were finally recovered, it seems that they were in a mutilated state, and caused a great deal of trouble in the copying. At the annual meeting in 1721, it was voted "that there shall be a committee chosen to prefer a petition to the General Court for redi-ess, in behalf of the damage that the town sustained by the town-books being part of them cut and torn out." That is, they desired to know how they could obtain redress for the injury done to the books. o Joseph Jcwitt, Thomas Whittier, John Johnson, Thomas Sleeper, Thomas Linfoi-th, Thomas Eatton, James Pressey. 33 258 HISTORY OF HAVERHILL. Perhaps we cannot better close this chapter, than by giving a brief ac- count of the introduction of tea into New England, which occurred about this time.-* The first tea-kettles were small copper articles, and were first nsed in Plymouth, in 1702, though, for a long time afterward, tea was but little used. The first cast iron tea-kettles, were made in Plympton, now Carver, between 1760 and 1765, and it was about this period that the use of tea became common. Lewis, in his History of Lynn, says, — " when ladies went to visiting parties, each one carried her tea-cup, saucer and spoon. The tea-cups were of the best china, very small, containing as much as a common wine-glass." From a letter written in England, in 1740, we copy the following ex- tractf : — " They are not much esteemed now that will not treat high & gossip about. Tea is now become the darling of our women. Almost every little tradesman's wife must set sipping tea for an hour or more in the morning, and it may be again in the afternoon, if they can get it, and nothing will please them to sip it out of but china ware, if they can get it. They talk of bestowing thirty or forty shillings upon a tea equipage, as they call it. There is the silver spoons, silver tongs, and many other trinkets that I cannot name." We are unable to say when tea was first introduced into this town, but it was probably soon after its introduction into Boston, as our people were in frequent communication with that place, and have never been far be- hind them in the adoption of new fashions. There is a tradition, that a Mr. Gilc, of this town, had a present sent to him, from Boston, of one pound of tea. His good wife knew not exactly how to make it, but she concluded to hang on her dinner-pot, and cook it in that. The dinner-pot was hung over the fire, partly filled with water, and the whole pound was put into it. But to make it more luscious, the good lady put in a large piece of beef for she intended to have a real dish of tea, — we presume that she had heard of the old proverb, "the more good things the better." After it had boiled sufficiently, the pot was taken off, " but the liquor was so despot strong," that they could not drink it; and, besides, it had made a complete jelly of the meat. In regard to the use of coffee in town, we have an equally amusing tradition : — About the year 1757, a party of gentlemen arrived from Boston and put up at Lieutenant Ebenezer Eastman's tavern. They brought their coflfee o Holmes, in his annals, under date of 1720, says, " Tliis year tea began to be used in New England." t Coffin. HISTORY OF HAVERHILL. 259 witli them, and requested the landlady to cook it. The good lady, not being particularly acquainted with the article, nor the manner of cooking it, hardly knew what to do. But having a little self-confidence, with her other good qualities, she scorned to ask advice, and proceeded to cook it in her best manner. Accordingly, she took her bean-pot, put the coffee into it, filled it with water, and boiled it as she would beans. At length, the refreshment was ready, and when the gentlemen sat down, they were not a little surprised to see their coffee set before them, well boiled, in the kernel. They, however, took it very good-naturedly, and afterward in- structed her in the mystery of cooking coffee. 260. HISTOKT OP HATEEHILL. CHAPTEE XVI. INDIAN TROUBLES. — 1713 TO 1725. The peace made witli tlie Indians, in 1713, proved of short duration. The French, who saw in the progress of the English, the downfall of their own power on the continent, employed the great influence of their mission- aries, Kalle, and La Chasse, to arouse the Indians, and stimulate them to jealousy and revenge." A conference was finally held with the Indians, at Arowsic Island, in 1717, by Governor Shutc, which resulted in a confirma- tion of the treaty of 1713, and the apparent satisfaction of the Indians. But the Fi-cnch were far from willing to allow the savages to be at peace with the English, and, in 1719, they again renewed their claims for the removal of the English from their lands, but a small force on the frontiers prevented an open violation of the treaty. In 1720, the Indians were persuaded to commit depredations, and parties from the Norridgwock and Penobscot tribes killed some cattle, and threat- ened the lives of the English. The Nova Scotia Indians went still further, and added murder to robbery. Further hostilities at this time were pre- vented by Colonel Walton, of New Hampshire, who was detached with a force of two hundred men to guard the frontiers. In August, 1721, a party of two hundred Indians, accompanied by their spiritual leaders, Ealle and La Chasse, under French colors, and armed, appeared at Arowsic, for a "talk" with the commander. This ended without satisfaction to either party, and the Indians left with complaints and threats. They warned the English to remove from their lands in three weeks, or they would kill, burn, and destroy. Iritated by the conduct of the French, government determined to attempt the removal of the cause of all the trouble, and for that purpose, three hundred men were sent to Norridgwock, with orders to seize Father Kalle, and bring him to Boston. No other success attended this expedition, than the seizure of his private papers, which fully revealed the secret machinations of the French. This invasion of their head-quarters, exasperated the enemy in an unus- ual degree, and, in June, 1722, a party of sixty men, in twenty canoes, captured nine families, at Merrymeeting 5ay, and committed other depre- dations, soon followed by the destruction of Brunswick, Maine. *> Sec nutcbinson, Douglas, and utbcrs, upon this puiut. HISTORY or HATESHILL. 261 Immediately after the news of the latter reached Boston, the Governor and council made a formal declaration of •war. Though so far removed from the immediate vicinity of the troubles, the inhabitants of this town well knew that they were not safe from savage outrage, and they determined to be prepared for any emergency. "With the bloody scenes of August 29, 1708, still fresh in their memory, we need not wonder that their first care was for their minister. At a meeting held on the 10th of August, the Selectmen were ordered " to build a good fort round Kev. Mr. Brown's house with what speed they could." The enemy committed no further violence that season, but early in the spring, they divided into small parties and harassed the whole line of fron- tier settlements, — Falmouth, Scarboro, Berwick, Wells, York, Dover, and Lampray Eiver. This intelligence, as may be supposed, thoroughly alarmed the people of Haverhill, and, at a meeting called March 19th, the town voted to buy a house of Jeremiah Page, and set it up between the parsonage house and Samuel Smith's, for a watch-house, which was accord- ingly done, with all possible dispatch.'-' On the opening of the spring of 172-t, the enemy were again found in numerous parties, scattered over the country, plundering and murdering the inhabitants, and threatening the entire destruction of the English settlements. A constant watch was found necessary in the frontier towns, and those less exposed were called upon to furnish their proportion of soldiers for the common defence. In July, Colonel Noyes, of Newbury, was ordered to send twelve men to Haverhill, and six to Amesbury, to serve as scouts. A few weeks later, (September 15,) " John "White, Capt ; Richard Kimball Capt; Jonathan Woodman, Capt; and Richard Hazzen, Lieut;" wrote from this town to the governor, strongly urging the importance of sending an army of men to AVinnipiseogee Lake, to surprise the Indians in that vicinity, and utterly rout them. Determined to beard the lion in his den, government fitted out a force of two hundred and eight men, and attacked the head quarters of the Indians at Xorridgwock. The settlement was entirely destroyed, and about eighty killed and drowned, among whom was father Ralle, the Jesuit missionary. This achievement completely broke the power of the Norridgwocks.f The nest and last considerable engagement in this war, took place at Pequawket, now Fry burg, Me., in May, 1725, by a party of volunteers, o The town clerk made a journey to Ipswich for the nails, on horseback. At the raising, " two quarts Bum " were employed, at an expense of four shillings. t Sea Hutchinion, for a full account. 262 HISTORY OF HAVERHILL. under Captain Lovewell. In this bloody fight, the English, after sustaining themselves against great odds, almost an entire day, were left in possession of the field. Lovcwell's (or Lovell's) company consisted of forty-six men, besides himself, including a chaplain and surgeon. Four of these men were from Haverhill, viz: Abiel-Asten, Ebcnezer Ayer, Doctor William Ayer, and Zebediah Austin.''^ Captain Lovewell was from Dunstable, and had already distinguished himself on several occasions. The Haverhill men probably joined Lovewell at this town, where the expedition was furnished with supplies, by John White, who had charge of the Province stores in Haverhill. f They started about April 16, 0. S. On arriving at Ossipee lake, one of their number was taken sick, and they built a small fort, as a place of refuge in case of mishaps, and left the sick man, with the doctor, and eight men to hold the fort. With the rest of his company, Lovewell boldly marched for Pequaquake, to attack the bold Paugus in his own home. On the morning of May 8th, as they came near Saco Pond, they discovered a solitary Indian shooting ducks, and, leaving their packs unguarded, they prepared to attack the enemy whom they supposed must be near by. Not finding the enemy as they had expected, the company were leisurely retui-ning upon their own trail, when they fell into an ambuscade. It seems that Paugus and a party of about forty Indians, returning from a scout down the Saco, came upon the packs of Lovewell's men, and finding them less in number then their own, they resolved to attack them. For this purpose they formed an ambuscade, and when the company reached the little brook on the east side of the above named pond, the Indians rose on all sides, fired, and rushed upon them with yells of defiance. Captain Lovewell fell at the first fire. His company immediately returned the fire, killing nine of the enemy, and then scattered, each getting behind a tree, and firing as he got a good chance. Thus the fight was continued, with fatal eflFect on both sides, until toward night, when several of the Indians had succeeded in getting near the pond, and among them Paugus, who took refuge behind a tree within talking distance of John Chamberlain, who knew him personally. Their guns having become too foul to. fire, the two agreed to go down to the pond and cleanse them. Each, with an eye upon his antagonist, endeavored to clean and load his gun in the quickest time possible, and then take the life of the other. o Abiel AstcB belonged in that part of Haverhill, now Salem, N. H., where he was living in 1790, aged eighty. — Belknap. Zebediah Austin belonged in that of Haverhill, now Methuen, He married Sarah Gatterson, AprU 18, 1729. t State Archiyes. HISTORY OP HAVERHILL. 263 Their movements were simultaneous, until they drew their ramrods to send home the leaden messengers of death. In his exteme excitement, Paugus dropped his ramrod, and though he scarce lost a second's time by the mishap, it was enough for his opponent. Just as Paugus brought his gun to hia shoulder, Chamberlain fired, and the noted chief fell dead ! Soon after sunset, the firing ceased. About midnight, the survivors of Lovewell's men assembled, and found only twenty-three of their brave companions alive. Of these, one was just breathing his last; two more were unable to travel ; and eleven others wounded. The latter marched ofi" the ground with the nine who were not much wounded, but four of them soon gave out, and were left by their companions, who kept on to the Fort. On reaching the latter, they found it entirely deserted ! It after- ward appeared, that Hassel, one of the men, had fled in the first part of the fight, and given such an exaggerated account of the afliiir, that the occu- pants of the fort immediately abandoned it, and retreated toward home. After much suff"ering, the survivors of the bloody fight arrived at Dunstable on the eleventh of May. Soon after this fight the Penobscot Indians expressed a desire for peace, and a treaty was executed in December, 1725, and confirmed at Falmouth the next July. In 1727, the tribes which had not been represented in this conference, notified the government of their desire to make a public con- firmation of the peace, which was subsequently done at Falmouth, in July, 1727. The peace which succeeded was of long continuance, and though, during the subsequent difficulties with the French, the frontiers were often harrassed by the Indians, Haverhill was never again molested by them. The settlement of a line of towns to the north, at last completely protected this town, after having been a frontier town for more than three-fourths of a century. During that period more than sixty of its inhabitants were killed by the Indians, and between fifty and sixty captured. Some of the latter were never heard from afterward, though most of them were ransomed, or escaped, and returned home. That the situation of this town during these troubles was by no means pleasant, is plainly seen in the fact that a scouting company was formed in town the summer following Lovewell's fight, and were in actual service during the months of September and October. The immediate cause which led to the organization of the company, we find given in a letter from Joshua Bailey and Jonathan Woodman, of this town, to the Governor, dated August 30, 1725, in which they state that Indians had been recently seen '-lurking in the woods, guns heard, &c." The men were employed as 264 HISTORY OF nATERHILL. scouts, or "Centinels," and a line of them were kept constantly posted on the frontier of the town, to give the alarm in case of the appearance of the enemy. ■' From the original " Muster Eoll of Moses Hazzen, Ensign," we copy the names of those under his command, in that service, from September 6th to October 27th, 1725 : — Moses Hazzen, Ensign; Eobert Ford, Wm. Heath Jun., Phineas Foster, John Dow, Timothy Duston, David Emerson, Ebcnezer Aycrs, Samuel Merril, "William Mitchel, Centinds. With the following incident, illustrative of Indian sagacity, we close this part of the early history of the town : f " At the mouth of Baker's Paver, in the town of Plymouth, X. H., the Indians had a settlement, where have been found Indian graves, bones, gun-barrels, stone mortars, pestles, and other articles in use among them. In this place, it is said they were attacked hy Capt. Baker, (from whom the river derived its name) and a party from Haverhill, Mass., who defeated them, killed a number, and destroyed a large quantity of fur. There is a story respecting an expedition of Capt. Baker, which, if correct, and we see no reason to doubt its correctness, shows the sagacity of Indians. — A friendly Indian had accompanied Capt. Baker in his expedition, and from the movement of the savages was satisfied that they had sent to Winnepisiogee or Pequawkett ponds for aid. He assured Capt. B. of the fact, and told him what they did must be done immediately ; that they had better make their escape or they would be overpowered by numbers and be destroyed. And on their march down the river Pemigewasset, he urged them not to stop, telling them they would be pursued. But when they reached the brook at Salisbury village, the men were so fatigued that they said they must stop and refresh themselves. The Indian told them to build each one a fire and cut several sticks apiece to broil their meat on, to burn the end of each as though thus used, and stick them into the ground, and then proceed as soon as possible. It was but a very short time after they had set out before the Indians came to the place where they had refreshed, and counting the fires and the number of sticks, said the English were too strong for them, and gave up the pursuit." ° In 1723, John .Clement asked to be released from paying the rent of the "Parsonage farm" the previous year, on the ground that he was driven off the land by the war. — Toivn Records. t We copy ft-om the Collections of the New Hampshire Historical Society— Vol. l.j HISTOEY OF HAVEUniLI,. 265 CHAPTER XYII. 1720 TO 1728. At tlie annual meeting of tlie town for 1722, it was, for tlie first time, proposed that the mending of the highways should be done by a rate, but the proposition was promptly negatived. This year, and for more than a hundred years after, persons were chosen to see that the " fish courses " were kept clear, so that the fish might not be prevented or hindered from going up the streams in their appropriate season. At the annual meeting in 1723, the subject of cchools again came up for consideration, and three new school-houses were ordered to be built — one in the north part of the town, between Daniel Ela's and Widow Mary Whittier's, one in the north-westerly part, near the house of Jonathan Duston, and the other in the westerly part, near "William Whitticker's. It was also voted to hire a school-master, " to move for the town's benefit to the several parts of the town." Eichard Hazzen kept school "three quarters " this year, — one quarter at the house of Widow Mary Whittier. He was paid eleven pounds per quarter. At the same meeting, the following petition was presented, signed by four of the inhabitants"' : — " Whereas your petitioners having their habi- tations so distant from the meeting-house, that, at any time being belated, we cannot get into any seat ; but are obliged to sit squeased on the stairs where we cannot hear the minister and so get little good by his preaching, though we endeavour to ever so much ; and there being a vacant place be- twixt the front pew and the pew on the side gallery over the head of the stairs, we humbly request lij^erty to erect a seat over the same." The petition wa,s granted. At the same time several womenf petitioned for liberty " to erect a seat or pew over the head of the stairs, not damnifying the stairway," which was also gi'anted. Abiall Messer was granted the privilege of keeping a ferry near his house for five years. Messer, we believe, lived in that part of the town now Methuen. <' James Sanders, Jr., John Eatton, Jr., Nathaniel Peaslee, Jr., Joseph Merrill. t Sarah Hazzen, Hannah Hazzen, Hannah Clement, Buth Clement, Rachal Sanders, Abigail Peaslee, Susanna Peaslee. 34 2G6 HISTORY OF nATERHILL. In the fall of 1723, the Selectmen of Haverhill, and the Selectmen of Kingston met, and run the line between the two towns/--' The first mention we find of seines, or nets, for fishing in the river, is in the records of this year (1723) when Captain Joshua Bayley, Ebenezcr Eastman, and others, petitioned for liberty to fish in the river with a net " from Ebcnezer Eatton's down to Hardy's landing." The petition was refused. . We now approach one of the most critical periods in the history of our town ; — that in which the disputes and difficulties between the "proprie- tors" or "commoners," and the rest of the land holders in town reached the culmiuating point. "We have already seen that, for some time, there had been an increasing feeling of dissatisfaction on the part of the latter with the proceedings of the former. The non-proprietors had seen the common and undivided lands of the town gradually grooving less and less under the frequent grants of the proprietors, until the most obtuse could not fail to see that ere many years should elapse, none of them would be left, as such. The largest, and most valuable, of the remaining tracts of undivided land was the portion still left of that laid out in 1065 as a "cow common. "| This had been much reduced from its original dimensions, but was still a large and valuable tract of land. The proprietors had several times dis- cussed the proposition to lay it out into lots, and dispose of them, but as yet had not fully decided to do so. The question of the ownership of these lands was yet, in the minds of many, a mooted question, and the dispute in relation to them now be- gan to show visible signs of its unhappy tendency. Five meetings were held in succession, and not a vote was passed. The marginal refer- ence to one of them says, that it was "precious time spent for nought." The two parties were fast approaching open hostility, and unless some com- promise could be made, it was evident that the results must inevitably be disastrous to the town. Under these circumstances, a committee was chosen by the " town " (September 2d, 1723,) to confer with the common- ers, " in order to make some agreement about common lands in Haverhill," and the meeting adjourned to hear the report. The town committee asked for "a proposition, in order to make peace." ° The Charter of Kingston was granted in 1094, and included what now forms the towns of Kingston, East Kingston, Danville, and Sandown .and portions of Plaistow and Hampstcad. t According to the vote of March 7, 16G.5, all the land within the following hounds was forever to be a cow-common: — Within the bounds of Fishing river; and from thence to a brook that goeth to tlie hither north meadow ; and from thence as tlie cart path goeth, to the meadow of Bartholomew Heath, which was formerly George Corliss's meadow: and from thence to the East meadow river, and so -within the bounds of the cast meadow river do\yii to the Great river. HISTOKY OF HAVERHILL 267 ^'V^lell the adjourned meeting was opened, it was found that no reply had yet been received from the commoners, and another adjournment was made. At the next meeting, the committee reported that the town's propo- sition had been made to the commoners, at one of their meetings, and was "met with silence, & nothing more." This silence of the commoners was not, however, to be attributed to their sullenness or disinclination to ac- cept the olive branch of peace, as will appear plain from their proceedings immediately afterward. Early in December, (December 5, 1723,) several of the proprietors petitioned for a meeting of the proprietors, as follows : — "To Jno White esqr: proprietors dark greeting, whereas There are severall persons in ye Town of Haverhill of long & ancient standing in ye Town, who by reason yt They have little or no Eight in ye Comon lands either by Them selves or claiming under Their Ancestors are very uneasy att ye division & disposall of said lands to & among ye proprietors & reall owners of itt. Therefore wee ye subscribers proprietors Taking into Consideration ye damage of Contention, & yt peace may be made, we re- quest yt There may bee a meeting of je proprietors to bee att ye meeting house in Haverhill on monday ye sixth day of January next ensuing att Ten of ye clock in ye forenoon for Reasons following, first yt if ye pro- prietors see cause They chuse a Comitte to debate ye matter wth such per- sons who have been of long & ancient standing in ye Town Though They have little or noe Plight To any Comon lands either by Them selves or An- cestors & To see upon what Conditions such persons will be satisfied & To make report to ye proprietors soe yt They may Give them some lands if They see Cause. secondly yt They chuse a Comitte To debate wth such persons who lay claim to Eights not yett allowed To see what will satisfie Them & make report Thereof to ye proprietors yt soe They may act upon itt if They see Cause." The meeting was held accordingly, and Deacon James Ayer, Nathaniel Peasly, and Eichard Hazzen, were chosen a committee to meet the non- proprietors and ascertain what would satisfy them. The committee met the latter at the tavern of Cornet James Pecker, on the 2Sth of January, and reported to the proprietors, on the 5 th of Feb- ruary, the following, as the result of their " debate " : — "Jno Sanders did declare & say yt as to ye comons They were in ye hands of ye Law & yt hee was easy wth ye determination of ye Law, for if ye Town lost, his Eight with ye comons would bee as good as now. 268 HISTORY OF IIAVERHILL. Joshua Swan would not bee easy iinless They would grant him lo acres between Samll Davis & Job elements. mathew Harriman junr declared yt hee would bee uneasy unless all ye fences erected on ye cow comon were demolished & itt lay according to ye vole of ye ancient fathers & ye proprietors records Burnt. AVilliam Johnson would not be easy unless They would fling up ye cow comon. All those above accounted are unreasonable in Their demands & soe (we) acted nothing upon it. All ye other persons under written To ye number of about 39 persons Though They had uoe materiall objection against ye division of ye Comons yett since They had bore charges lost friends by ye Indians : &c did desire some particular pieces of land upon ye proprietors grant of which They would bee easy & for ye future rest contented & proceeded To request as followeth (viz) Jno Stevens sen: & Jun: proposes To have about six acres neer Aaron Stephens Isack Bradly Bradly requests six acres neer hony ball mill Stephen Dow requests five acres beyond nicholas whites Joseph Guile requests about Two acres by his house part is allready fenced in Haniel & Edward Samll & Timothy dark requesls six acers where Their mother lives James Heath about Ten acers neer Jno Harrimans Mill Josiah Heath Junr four acres neer moses Stephens Samll Smith Ten acres neer Jno Harrimans mill Eobert ford Requests 10 acres where There is Comon neer hogg hill mill Abraham Bradly about six acres neer yt his brother Isack requested Ens: VVhitikcr yt whcras he hath half a right To lay out in ye Cow Comon They would lett him have a whole Eight & hee will bee easy nathll nierrill: Jun: for himsclfe & brethren requests Ten acres in yt Comon beyond Henery Sanders house nathll Johnson requests Eight acres next his own land Tho Eatton requests To have about Ten acres on west meado hill Wil- liam Whittakcr Junr 10 acres on ye Right hand of ye way yt leads To Honyball mill mill joyning to ye mill pond Joseph page requests about Three acres where hee now lives Benjamin Standlee requests about five acres of yt Comon beyond Hen- ery Sanders HISTORY OF nAYEEIIILL. 269 peter Green senr: (Sj Junr: Requests yt They would grant Them all yt Comon which They have withinfenced & yt att ye south of Their land being part of Their Eight allready laid out & yt att ye East End of Their land, & lay out Their Comon Eight in some other place, They having a Convenient Eoad To ye Sour meadow Andx'ew mitchell: senr requests about six acres in yt Comon beyond Henery Sanders, and yt stripp of Comon betwixt ye highway & ye farm called Hainses farm & a small peice By his barn Jonathan Eastman requests 20 acres in providence neck Samll marble senr: Twenty acres in providence neck north of ye Copls pond farm--' Stephen Webster Twenty acres north of Copls pond farm as wee goe to providence neck Joseph Whittier proposes about Eight acres on ye north of The way y leads from nicolas whites To Gorlys meadow Abraham page requests about Eight acres next to yt Whittier requested John Webster & nathan webster 40 acres To both in providence neck Deacon mash requests about Two acres being a small strip lying be- twixt land laid out To him in ye Cow Comon & ye way yt goes to Jeremy pages Aaron Stephens about four acres Joyning on his own land Samll Wortheu three acres betwixt Jno Harrimans mill & ye wooden bridg Abiall mercer about 5 acers neer obadiahs meadow Jno Lad a small peice by his own land about Two acres Job elements about Ten acres next yt william whittier requests for Christopher Bartlit 12 acres next to yt hee bought of Guile & proposes To have his Two Comon Eights laid out adjoyning To This matthew Harriman senr about Eight acres beyond nathll Johnsons land Jno Heath about six acres below wainwrights mill on The Easterly side of ye Eiver Jno Clement six acres neer hony ball mill." Upon the reading of the report of the committee, the proprietors " Voted yt ye several parcells of land petitioned for or desired by ye severall persons, according To ye return of ye sd committee Bee liereby granted To them on This Condition yt They rest satisfied & Contented wth ye division of ye Comon land according to ye proprietors order, & yt for ye future They appeare In all Town meetings, unless hindered by extra- ordinary Casualty & doe oppose By voate, & argument, all such persons & » The Pond here referred to, was probably that now known as "Captain's Pond," in Salem, N .H. 270 HISTORY OF HAVERHILL. voatcs as any way disturbe or hinder ye proprietors in Their peaceable In- joyments of Their lands divided or undivided & yt They Indeavor To hinder any farther process in law about yc same, & farther peace & unitie againc as far as may be, & yt They Assighn Articklcs agreeable To This voate betwixt Themselves & The Comitte which shall be appointed for yc purpose, before ye said land Bee laid out To them, And yt ye particular persons To whome ye land is granted shall pay ye Comitte yt have been allready Impowercd about having ye proposalls of sevcrall persons for laud To be Given them, & alsoc what farther charge ye Comitte may be att about ye same, for ye laying of itt out & for recording yc same. This was voated & granted By a full voate." A committee was then chosen to draw tip the proposed articles, and, on the persons alluded to signing them, the committee were to lay them out the laud requested. This liberal concession on the part of the proprietors did not, however, secure a complete settlement of the difi&culty, though it would seem, from the silence of the records of the following year, that it had done so. But no sooner did the proprietors fully decide to lay out the cow-common into lots and appoint commissioners to lay out highways through it, than the opposition broke out afresh. In the warrant for the annual meeting for 1725, (March 2d) we find the following, which plainly shows the deep- seated hostility to the claims of the proprietors : — " 2 And to see whether ye Town Avill chuse a Comitee to Draw Money out of ye Town Treasury to seport one or more of ye Comoners to take a method in law to recover their Eights from ye Incroachments of ye Com- oners, That it may yet ly in Comon as by ye Cow Comon grant made in March 1G64-5." " 3. And to Chuse a Comittce to prefer a petition to ye General Assem- bly to acquaint yt Honorably House with ye Irregular method of our Comoners in their last actions abought ye Cow Comon, and to see what ye towue may think proper onyt acount & to doe it on ye Towns cost." The two parties were now in open hostility, and on the day of the above meeting, finding themselves in a minority, the "commoners" withdrew and organized a separate meeting, and chose a separate set of town officers. Captain Joshua Bayley was moderator of the non-commoners ; and Captain John White of the commoners. The former body chose Ensign Thomas "Whittier, John Sanders, and Anthony Colby, a committee under the second article of the warrant ; and made the same persons, with the selectmen,-' a committee under the third article. * CapUin Joshua Bajlcy, James Sanders, and Christopher Bartlctt. HISTORY 01 HATERHILI.. 271 The next meeting of the non-commoners was held April 8th, the war- rant for which is signed by Benjamin Stevens, "one of his majestic^ justices of ye county of Essex," in answer to a petition to him " signed by more than fifty hands." The business to be done, was, " To see whether the Town will Impower ye Select men of Haverhill, or chuse a Comittee to prosecut on ye towns Cost to final Issue any of ye faction that are Indevoring to disturb & Dis- quiet ye Town Clark in his peacable Improvement of ye town Books." " " '■'■' =•' " and to prosecut any person yt by Color of their Election in yt meeting where Capt White pretended to be moderator yt shall pre- sume to act as such officer." Upon the first article of the warrant, Captain Joshua Bayley, James Sanders, Thomas Haines, Daniel Bodwell, and Christopher Bartlett, were chosen a Committee to prosecute " any of yt faction," &c. It was then declared, by a unanimous vote, that the officers chosen at the previous meeting, and who were called by name, should be supported through any difficulty that might arise in executing their respective duties ; that " ye small party where Capt White pretended to be a moderator on March 2, 1724-5, was not according to the town's will, nor according to ye consent & former practice of our Town;" that "the Town doe Declare against Mr Eichard Hazzen Jr his being town Clerk ;" and that the select- men should prosecute to final issue any person or persons that by color of his Election in the meeting aforesaid," should presume to act as such officer. The meeting then adjourned for two weeks, at which time " some discourse passed," but no vote was taken. They met twice afterward, but adjourned on both occasions without doing any business; — the last meeting being held June 21st, and after the following warrant had been issued.* The non-proprietors having appealed to the General Court, that body passed the following resolve, oi* order, June 4, 1725 : — " Whereas at the anniversary of the town-meeting in the town of Hav- erhill, in March last, there happened to be two contendiug parties who assembled at the meeting-house, and did there and then choose two sets of town-officers, whereby great difficulties arose in the said town, and consid- erable expense occasioned in the law ; and it is feared that no good gov- ernment can be supported unless some speedy care be taken to prevent these disorders. For preventing whereof, and to put an end to said strife, it is ordered by this General Court, that Joshua Swan and Nathaniel ■ Peasley, Constables for the town in 1724, be, and are hereby required to o We do not learn thiit the commoners held any meetings during this time, and presume that they did not. 272 HISTORY OF nATERinLL. warn the freeholders and other inhabitants to assemble at the meeting- house in Haverhill, on the ninth of June, at ten o'clock, A. M., and then and there to choose all the town-officers which the law requires to be chosen in the month of March annually ; and that Eichard Kent, Esq." be desired to be present at the said meeting ; and he is empowered to mod- erate the affairs, and no other person be allowed to vote but such as are lawfully qualified ; and that the proceedings of both parties at the afore- said meeting of March 2d arq declared null and void, and the charge to be borne as this Court shall order." A meeting was accordingly held on the ninth of June, and Eichard Kent, Esq., presided. The opening of the meeting was folloAved by some discus- sion concerning the town's affairs, but no vote was taken. The meeting was adjourned till the afternoon, when the Moderator ordered the votes to be brought in for a town Clerk. But few, however, were cast, and no Clerk was declared to be chosen, and the meeting was adjourned by the Moderator to the 23d of June. The attention of the General Court being again called to the matter, that body, (June 15, 1725,) " Resolved, That Whereas by special order of this Court, the town of Haverhill was assembled on the 9th inst. for the choice of town officers, and no other than a Town Clerk was then chosen, although he was not declared by the moderator, & said meeting having been adjourned notwith- standing the other town officers were to be chosen the same day : "Resolved, That John Eaton be and is hereby declared Town Clerk for Haverhill, according to the choice made the ninth of June, as aforesaid, and that the freeholders (&c) assemble at the meeting house in Haverhill June 23, according to the adjournment, and that they then and there choose all other town officers, and that Eichard Kent Esqr, hereby declared moderator of the meeting, be directed to administer the oath by law ap- pointed to John Eaten and the other officers to be chosen, any law usage or custom to the contrary notwithstanding." This prompt and energetic action of the Legislature, supported, as it must have been, by the sober second thought of the contending parties, had the desired effect. The town met according to adjournment, and completed the election of their officers. From this time forward, we find in the records no allusions whatever to these contentions. The meetings of the " Town," and those of the " Pro- prietors of the common and undivided lands in the Town," were held separately, and the records kept in separate books. The officers were also o Of Newbury. HISTORY OF HAYERniLL. 273 cliosen separately, thougli the same persons not unfrequently held office in both organizations at one and the same time. The proprietors continued to hold their meetings ; to give, sell, and exchange the undivided lands ; for nearly forty years afterward, — giving and selling to, and exchanging with, "commoners" and "non-commoners," — hut we find no hint in either record or paper, of either jjarty, as to the further settlement of the difficulty between them. The most reasonable solution we can give of the problem is this ; — that the right of the proprietors to the lands claimed by them was too manifest, and too well supported by reason and authority, to aiford any inducements to the non-proprietors to continue the contest. Thus was brought to a close the long, and at times, bitter contention, about the common and undivided lands in the town. The right of the "proprietors" was fully acknowledged, and though, after portions of the town had been set off to other towns, and particularly after the line between Massachusetts and New Hampshire was run, the right of the pro- prietors to continue to dispose of such lauds in those portions of the original township was questioned, yet in all cases where the matter came before the courts, (and they were not a few) the claim of the proprietors was fully sustained. And we find that, as late as 1745 to 1750, such lands were frequently petitioned for, by residents in the several towns, and were disposed of by the " Haverhill Proprietors." In the spring of 1724, Stephen Barker, and others, of the western part of the town, petitioned the General Court for a new town, to be formed by setting off that portion of Haverhill above Hawke's Meadow Brook. Captain John White was appointed Agent of this town to oppose the petition. In November of the following year, the inhabitants of that section petitioned the town for a school in their neighborhood, — which was grant- ed.'-' They were also " allowed ten pounds to pay a minister to preach there," if they got one that year. These grants did not, however, induce them to consent to remain as a part of Haverhill, and shortly after (December 8, 1725) the General Court gave them an act of incorporation, under the name of Methuen.f '> A Mr. Heath was the Schoolmaster. t The first church in Mcthucn was formed October 29, 1729, and Rev. Christopher Sargeant was ordained as its pastor, November 5, the same year. The next January, the society petitioned the " proprietors of the common and undivided lands in Haverhill, and that part of Methuen formerly contained within ye ancient bounds of Haverh'll," for a parcel of land for a parsonage. The proprietors not only gave them the land, but also donated a piece to their minister. In May, 1737, the inhabitants of the " second parish in Mcthucn, being about to build a meeting house," also petitioned the proprietors of Haverhill for land. The proprietors voted to gi\e them fifty acres, and also voted fifty acres to their "first ordained minister." These lands were all in Methuen. 35 274 HISTORY OP nAVERIIILL. In June. 1725, Benjamin Stevens and others, petitioned the General Court for a township of land at " Pcnnycook," (now Concord, N. H.,) Avhich was granted them, and on the 2d of February, 172G, a Committee of the General Court met at the tavern of Ebenezer Eastman (one of the petitioners) in Haverhill, for the purpose of admitting settlers. After much careful inquiry and examination, the requisite number — one hundred — wore admitted. Among them were thirty-six Haverhill men.-' "Obadiah Ayer, "Samuel Ayer, '-John Ayer, "Capt Joshua Bailey, Nathaniel Clement, Benjamin Carleton, Nehemiah Carleton, Christopher Carleton, Edward Clark, Ephraim Davis, '■•'Josepli Davis, "Samuel Davis, Stephen Emerson, Nehemiah Heath, "Moses Hazzen, "Eichard Hazzen, Jr., Timothy Johnson, John Merrill, Nathaniel Page, Thomas Page, Joseph Page, "Natlianiel Peaslee, "Eobert Peaslee, John Pecker, James Pecker, Jeremiah Pecker, John Sanders, John Sanders, Jr., Jonathan Sanders, "Nathaniel Sanders, Nicolas AVhite, AYilliam White, John White, AVilliam Whittier, Jacob Shute, Total, thirty-six. Capt Ebenezer Eastman, Ohadlah Ayer, (born May 9, 1G89) was the son of Samuel, (who was killed by the Indians in the attack on Haverhill, August 29, 1708) and a descendant of John Ayer. one of the early settlers of Haverhill. Obadiah was a graduate of Harvard College (1710) ; studied for the min- istry ; a man of talents and influence, but subject occasionally to aberra- tions of mind, at which times he is said to have had lodgings in Boston provided for him by his particular friend, John Hancock. "We do not learn that he ever married. He kept the Grammar School in Haverhill six months of the year he was graduated, (for which he received fifteen pounds,) and also the next year, and probably for several years after, as we find his name mentioned again in 1713. It does not appear that he finally settled in Concord. John Ayer (born April 7, 1705,) was a brother of Obadiah. He mar- ried Mary Johnson, of Haverhill. Their children, born in Haverhill, were — Abigail, who died unmarried; Timothy, who married Elizabeth AVhite, and lived in Bradford, Vermont ; and John, who lived iu Bradford, Mass., John was doubtless at Concord in the earliest period of its settle- ment, but did not finally settle there. o Those designated by a *> were proprietors, but did not ietlU .it Concord. HISTORY OF HAVERHILL. 275 Samuel Ayer, son of James, (a brother of Obadiah and John) was born and lived in Haverhill. He married Ann Hazzen. Their children, (all born in Haverhill) were — Mary, born December 23, 1738, married Sam- uel Morrison, of Sanbornton, N. H. ; Anna, born September 22, 1740, married Deacon John Kimball of Concord ; Samuel, born November 29, 1742, married Sarah Chase, of Haverhill ; Elizabeth (1) and Elizabeth (2) died young; Elizabeth (3) born June 22, 17-1:8, married Jacob Ela, of Haverhill ; Hannah, born August 25, 1751, married John Bradley, of Con- cord ; Euth, born December 4, 1753, married Dr. Peter st or misplaced; and we can now only affirm that the claim was owned by parties outside of Haverhill, (we helieve in Ipswich, or Salem) and that when they passed through this town, on their way to this disputed territory, — which was, as they claimed, covered by their deed, — to compel the settlers there to either purchase of them, or move oif the lands, a number of Haverhill men joined the party. — Q. W. C. X We believe it is even yet doubtful whether the deed here referred to is a genuine deed, or a false one. But even admitting it to have been a genuine and valid deed, the bounds of Londonderry under it, was distinctly stated to be to, and upon, Haverhill the Line. § This must have been the party who claimed under the Indian deed, already referred to. They claimed the whole township. Haverhill never claimed anything more than to its west line, as laid out in 1667. The latter claim, therefore, covered but a small portion of the township of Londonderry. 38 298 HISTORY OF HAVERHILL. appearance of the men, and with the spirit and solemnity of their devotions, Herriman said to his followers : ' Let us return, it is in vain to attempt to disturb this people, for surely the Lord is with them.' " lu connection with these more formal assaults, they were frequently har- rassed by intruders who attempted to mow their meadows, on which they mainly depended for the support of their cattle during the earlier years of the settlement. ' " Such intruders were not unfrequently taken by them, and detained as prisoners, until satisfaction was rendered by them, or their friends. "VVe find in^ the town accounts during these years, frequent charges by in- dividuals ' for guarding prisoners.' Sometimes an inhabitant of the town, when employed in these meadows, would be seized and carried away by individuals from abroad, who laid in wait for the purpose. Thus a Mr. Christie, while mowing in a meadow, was seized and carried to Haverhill, without being allowed to apprize his family of his situation. The next day some of his apparel was found in the meadow where he had been at work, and he was at length discovered and rescued. " It also appears that civil processes were commenced and carried on before the courts in Massachusetts, as they held their sessions, at New- buryport and Ipswich, and that certain individuals were actually com- mitted to prison under the arrests which were made- by the claimants in that province. We find frequent charges made for attendance at court at Ipswich, also a vote of the town to pay the expenses of the individuals imprisoned, and to perform for them the necessary work required on their farms during their imprisonment." As a partial ofi'set to the above, we give the following outline of one of the numerous cases where actions were brought against those Haverhill settlers who fell to the north of the line ; and which will show the ground upon which such actions were brought, and the proceedings thereon. We condense it from a petition of Eichard Hazzen to the General Court, dated November 22, 1749 : — In IZi-i, Robert Boyes, of Londonden-y, brought an action of Eject- ment against Jonathan Colburn, of Haverhill, to recover possession of a certain piece of land formerly within the jurisdiction of ]\Iassachusetts, but, by the running of the line, falling within New Hampshire. Colburn o The render will betir in mind that these disturbances only occurred on, and related to, those lands which formed a part of the " northwesterly angle of Haverhill," but were claimed by Londonderry as a part of their township. Even after the line was run in 1741, and when all the land to the north of it was claimed by Kew Hampshire, we find that most, if not all, the suits commenced against the settlers on the north side, were brought against those of "Haverhill Peke," or, as it was also then called, "Haverhill Pistrict." HISTORY OV HAVERHILL. 299 held the land by virtue of a grant from the proprietors of the town of Haverhill to his predecessors, before the town of Londonderry was granted. Boyes claimed the land under the grant of Governor Shute for the town of Londonderry. At the Inferior Court, judgment was given for the de- fendant. The plaintiff appealed, and the Superior Court reversed the judgment. Subsequently, Colburn brought a "Writ of Eeview and recov- ered, with costs. Boj'^es then appealed to the Governor and Council of New Hampshire, " called the Court of Appeals," but after nearly two years delay, the title was confirmed to Colburn. As an additional offset to the troubles, expenses, and embarrassments of the Londonderry settlers, as thus feelingly set forth by their historian, we insert a second petition from Mr. Hazzen to the General Court of Massa- chusetts : — *• To the Honrble Spencer Phips Esq Lieut. Governor and Commander in Chief in and over his Majesties Province of the Massachusetts Bay in New England, The Honrble his Majesties Council and House of Piepresentatives in General Court Assembled at Boston May 31 Anno Domini 1753. The petition of Eichard Hazzen humbly Sheweth That upon the Late running of the Divisionall Line between the Provinces, about one third part of the lands belonging to the Ancient Town of Haverhill, fell to the Northward of the said Line and within the Province of New Hampshire. That being the Case the Government of New Hampshire claimed, not only the Jurisdiction of these lands to the North side of the Line but also the property (contrary to order of the Crown) and endeavoured to Ouste all the inhabitants, which were then more than One hundred families Setled by Haverhill to the Northward of it and take away their property by force of arms, the people of Kingston and Londonderry oftentimes coming in Clans to the Number of forty or fifty at a time, and One One hundred or more, to fence in our Lands build on them &c That your petitioner seeing the Great distress the poor people liveing on the North side of the line were in on the Accompt of the New Hampshire Claim and having some Lands there of his own, moved into that Govern- ment in order to Aid and assist the Haverhill people against them that came to drive them off by force, and did repell them in the same manner and by his application made to Governour Wentworth a stop was at Length put to such illegal proceedings. That Kingston and Londonderry people then directly brought many law- suites, against the Inhabitants of Haverhill which your petitioner defended to ye Utmost of his power.'"' o In the Proprietors' Records, we find many instances where they voted money to assist such persons to carry on their suits, or to reimburse them for expenses already incurred. As specimens, we give the 300 HISTORY OF HAVERHILL That in the Course of those tryalls which have now lasted almost Ten Years, Your petitioner has been one hundred and thirty Journeys to Ports- mouth oftentimes in Eain & Snow heat & Cold, to Attend the Courts or prepare for ye Tryalls & has oftentimes been detained there three weeks at a time on Expence, whereby he has sunk at least one thousand pounds of his Estate, when at the same time if he would have turn'd traytor to this Government he might have gotten large Sums without any trouble That your petitioner has met with so much difficulty in these affairs that rather than endure so much again he would give up all his Estate & sit down in the most remote parts of the Earth notwithstanding he has had such success that no one Haverhill man has lost his Estate nor are any new Settlement made upon us, no new suites Commenct. and but Two depending, & them before the Governour & Councill. But so it is may it please your Honour & this Honourable Court, that your petitioner by reason of his Great Expence has involved his Estate to the value of Seven or Eight thousand pounds to Capt. Edward Tyng for no more then Thirty four or five hundred pounds money old Tenor, the Eedemption of which is now Expired, And your petitioner must Infallibly Loose four or five thousand pounds unless releived by this Honoured Court Y'our petitioner therefore Earnestly, requests this Great and Honourable Court to Compassionate his distressed Circumstances & inasmuch as he has endeavoured at all times with his power and Estate to defend the Title of this Government against Xew Hampshire, You will be pleased to Grant him so much money as will clear that mortgage, or Lend it the peti- tioner who will make sale of his Land as soon as possible & will pay the money in Again & the Overpluss he will devote to the Service of this Gov- ernment «& will use all his power and abilities to defend the Title of the Massachusetts as Long as he is able to get to Portsmouth And your petitioner as in Duty bound shall ever pray Eichard Hazzen. following : — January 15, 1748-9. One hundred pounds was voted " towards defraying ye action before ye King and Council wherein Nathaniel French (Kingston) is appellant, against Thomas FoUonsbee and others (Haverhill) appellees." December 10, 1751, Henry Sanders was voted twenty pounds "to carry on his case against Wheclrighfc at Portsmouth." (This was a suit under the famous " Wheelwright claim.") June 29, 1752, Edward Flint was voted thirty pounds "to carry on his case against Londonderry at Portsmouth." In November, 1753, he was voted forty pounds more "to continue his cise." January 1, 1753, fifty pounds was voted to prosecute trespassers on the land previously granted " the first minister of Timberlanc, now called Hampstead." November 20, 1758, four hundred and seventy eight pounds twelve shillings. New Hamp- shire, old Tenor, was voted Nathaniel P. Sargeant, Esq., " for his services in David Heath's and other cases." HISTORY OF HAVERHILL. 301 "In the House of Eepves June 8. 1853 Eead and Ordered that the. Prayer of the Petr be so far granted as that the Petr recieve out of the publick Treasury the sum of four hundred Sixty Eight pounds upon Loan free of Interest for the term of five years. He first giving Bond with sufiicient sureties for the payment of said sum at the expiration of the time abovementioned " T. Hubbard Spkr In Council June 12, 1753 Eead & non Concur'd Thos. Clarke Dpty Secry In the House of Eepves June 13. 1753. The House entered again into the consideration of the vote passed upon this Petn the 8th Currt at the desire of the Honble Board and after Debate and Mature Consideration Voted, that the House adhere to their vote as then sent up to the Honl Board Sent up for concurrence T. Hubbard Spkr J Willard Secry In Council, June 13, 1753 ; Eead & Concur'd Consented to S. Phips As will be seen from the foregoing petition, the long continued and vex- atious border troubles were at last drawing to a close. The last notice we find of them in our records is that where, in 1759, the Proprietors chose a committee ••■^ to settle with the proprietors of the " Mason claim" to the township of Salem. This brought up the rear of the long and motley procession of troubles, vexations, and suits, that had for more than a third of a century been fastened upon our town, and we feel a decided relief in thus closing our history of this, by no means insignificant, " Border War." •> Joseph Badger, Jr. 302 HISTORY OF HAVERHILL. CHAPTER XIX. 1729 TO 1741. At the annual town meeting for 1729, a proposition was made to raise one hundred pounds for '* school money," and though it was voted down, yet the proposal is significant of an increasing interest in the cause of popular education. At this time, in addition to the " Grammar" School, (which was kept in constant operation, although moved quarterly from place to place about town,) there were other schools, termed "Common" schools, kept a few weeks each, annually, in various parts of the town. School houses were not yet erected in all the places where schools were wanted, and it was therefore quite common to keep them in private houses. Thus we find that in 1725 a school was kept " one quarter" in the house of Samuel Ayer; in 1727, one quarter each in the houses of ""Widow Currier," and William Johnson; in 1730 one quarter at John Clements; and in 1732, three quarters at the house of Eeuhen Currier. In the preceding chapter we alluded to the employment, by Massachu- setts and New Hampshire, of agents in England, to manage their affairs before the King and Council. The cost of supporting such agents had now become so great that the General Court called upon the towns to assist in defraying the expenses. At a meeting called for that purpose, this town voted to raise fifty pounds, to be delivered to Colonel Eichard Saltonstall, the representative, and by him to the Committee of the General Court. This not only shows the interest of the town in the great question then beginning to excite so much attention, but also the readiness of its inhabi- tants to bear their full proportion of the public burden. That this large contribution was not an isolated case, is abundantly shown by the records of a subsequent period. On the 26th of October of this year, twenty-nine members of the first church, residents in that part of Methuen, now Salem, N. H., had permis- sion granted to embody themselves into a church in that place. They had already built themselves a new meeting house. At the annual meeting in 1730, the proposition to raise one hundred pounds for schools was again brought forward. This time it was coupled with the condition that one-half of the sum should be appropriated for the support of "the Grammar School near the meeting house;" — but the plan again failed. HISTORY OP HAVERHILL. 303 The inhabitants of the " North Precinct " were this year allowed ten pounds from the Town treasury toward the support of a minister, and almost immediately they gave a Mr. Haynes an invitation to settle, but he declined. Soon after, they extended an invitation to Eev. James Gushing, a son of Eev. Caleb Cushing of Salisbury, who accepted, and was ordained in December. On the 1st of November, forty-six members of the first church, requested and obtained a dismission, " for the purpose of uniting in a church state in the North Precinct." The church was organized November-4, 1730. This year, (1730,) in addition to the regular board of five Selectmen, three persons, — Nathan Webster, Sergeant Joseph Emerson, and Deacon Daniel Little — where chosen " Overseers of the Poor." This was the first time such of&cers were chosen by the town. They were regularly chosen annually from this time until 1735, when they were discontinued, and their duties again assigned to the board of Selectmen. The office was not again revived until 1801. The North Precinct, having settled a minister among them, made appli- cation the next spring to the Pi'oprietors for a grant of land for him. They promptly gave him a piece containing about twenty-nine acres. Prom the Proprietors Eecords for 1731, we learn that Joseph Whittier and Moses Hazzen petitioned them for permission to build a wharf on the Merrimack, near " Mill Brook; which was granted, on condition that they kept the two bridges near them in repair " forever," j)aid fifty pounds, and built a good wharf, at least one hundred feet wide, and from the highway to low water mark ! We think these terms were stringent enough to satisfy the sharpest of the sharp bargain makers among them. Under this date, Mirick, in his history of the town, has the following : — " About this time an affair happened which was rather derogatory to the characters of those concerned. The Commoners had fenced a certain part of the ox-common with split rails. This was very much disliked by the non-commoners living in the north part of the town, and they determined ta be revenged. They soon concerted a plot, and a ^mall party assembled near flaggy meadow, on the night appointed to execute it, carried the rails into large piles, and set them on fire. The loss of the rails was but trifling when compared with the other damage done by the fire. The earth was dry, and it run through the woods, and continued to burn for many days." From the fact that for several years preceding, and even after the above date, these parties were at peace with each other, having settled all their disputes, we think the above described incident must have taken place about 1724, or 1725, at which time these common disputes were at their height. 304 HISTORY OP HAVERHILL. At the annual meeting in 1732, the "profit of the Parsonage farm" (that is, the money received for the annual rent of it) was voted to be given to the North Parish until there should be another Parish in town. At the same time it was decided to " take an exact list of the Poles and Estates" in town, and for that purpose a committee was chosen. We think the committee must have made a short job of it, as the only future record we find relating to it, is a " bill paid Christopher Bartiett one day valuation Estates,' six shillings." The earliest notice we find of shipbuilding in town, is the following, in the proprietors records, under date of June 18, 1733 : — " Henry Springer petitioning as followeth viz That he is willing & desirous to settle in the Town and Carry on the Trade of a Ship carpenter if he might have suitable encouragement. P>ut having no place of his own to build on prays the grant of so much Land betwixt the highway by the burrying place, and the Ptiver or where the vessell now stands on the Stocks as would accommodate him for a building Yard." " Upon which petition after mature consideration it was voted that he should have so much, provided that he settled in the town of Haverhill & Carried on the Trade of a Ship Carpenter, or that some other person built in the same place in his room, and no Longer." AVe are not to suppose from the above, that Springer was the first ship- builder in town, or that he was the only one who could build, or had built, ships here ; because, as we have already noticed, wharves had been built, and vessels employed, for many years previous. And from the fact that the size and finish of the " vessels " of that day required far less skill and capital in their construction, than do those of our own time, we may safely presume that they had not only been for some time previously employed in the commerce of the town, but were also built here. Indeed, the fact that Springer in his petition refers to a vessel then on the stocks, is, we think, sufficient to establish our point. But that Springer was the first person who carried on shipbuilding as a regular business in the town, we are inclined to believe, from the fact that his name is the first that appears in that connection in either of the Records, which are so minute in all such matters, that if it had been otherwise, we should without doubt have found the name of his predecessors. In March of the following year, the large island in Island Pond was disposed of by the proprietors of Haverhill, to Pdchaid Saltonstall. It was estimated to contain two hundred acres, one-half of which was given him in consideration of valuable services rendered the proprietors, and the remaining half sold to him for thirty shillings per acre. HISTORY OF HAVERHILL. 305 Early in the spring of the same year (1734) the appearance of a few- very large and uncommon " catterpiller " was noticed in the woods of the town. These rapidly increased until the trees were nearly covered, and a vast amount of damage was done by them. The following inter- esting account of them, we copy from a memoranda left by Dr. Joshua Bailey of this town : — " In the year 1734 there was as soon as the leaves began to appear on the Oak trees, a catterpiller in spots in our woods in Haverhill the red & black oaks chiefly & in the year 1735 there was 100 for one of what appeared last year & in 1786 the number was astonishing for they covered almost the whole of the woods in Haverhill & Bradford & part of Methuen Chester & Andover and in many other places near Haverhill many thou- sands of acres of thick woodland the leaves and tender twings of the last years growth were wholly eaten up to the wholly killing of many of the trees & others had most of the limbs killed & if providence had continued them to a 4th year we should not have a tree left in most of the places they seemed to like the red & black oak but when they had destroyed the leaves of the oak they cleared all before them and you might travel miles in some places and see no green leaves on any but a few trees that were standing single and in midsummer the wood was as naked as midwinter they were larger than our common catterpiller and made no nests the trees in some places completely covered with them and they would travel from tree to tree no river or pond stopped them for they would swim like dogs and travelled in great armies and I have seen Houses so covered with them that you could see little or no part of the building on every leaf of a tree you might see more or less of them." Richard Kelley, of Amesbury, in his diary, described them as " larger than the 'orchard caterpillr, but smooth on the back with a black streak with white spots." And he adds, — " they are thought by many to be the palmer worm." In 1734, the inhabitants of the easterly part of the town petitioned to be . set off into a separate Parish by themselves, which was agreed to by the town, and the dividing line run. But some of the inhabitants of the proposed ncAV parish, being opposed to a separation, made such vigorous efforts against it, that when application was made to the General Court to perfect the work, it not only refused to do so, but ordered the petitioners back to the old Parish."-' Immediately after, the people of the westerly part of the town, (between whom and those of the easterly part there appears to have been an " under- ® The petition was signed by Nathaniel Feaslee, "for himself nnd others." 39 306 HISTORY OF HAVERHILL. standing" in this matter) made a similar application, wLicli was granted, and the west part of the town set off into a distinct Parish, called the Wesl- Parish. The inhabitants of the new Parish immediately commenced th« building of a meeting house, which was completed the same fall. It stood one mile east of the present brick meeting house in the above Parish, on the south west corner of the cross road, and where Timothy J. Goodrich now lives. Soon after, a call was extended to Eev. Samuel Bachellor, who ac- cepted, and was ordained in the following July. Seventy-seven members of the first church requested and received a dismission, for the purposes of forming the new church. In 1734, also, the North Parish "burying ground" was laid out, the land being given for that purpose by the Haverhill Proprietors. It was the same ground which is still occupied for the same purpose, — a short distance above the house of Jesse Clement, Esq. In March, 1735, the town, for the first time, voted " to mend and repair the highways by a rate." The prices fixed upon for labor, were, four shillings per day for a man, and two shillings for a yoke of oxen. The surveyors were to be the judges of a day's work. Though the town voted as above, we do not find that a separate sum was voted to be raised as a highway rate, or tax, until 1754 — twenty years after. At the annual meeting in 1736, the town voted to divide the income from all the parsonage land west of the Sawmill Eiver (Little Kiver) equally between the North and West Parish. The same year, the Proprietors gave the AVest Parish forty acres of land, and also gave their minister, the Eer. Mr. Bachellor, seventy acres for his own use. In October of the above year, the Proprietors voted to survey all the meadows lying in common in the town, and divide them among themselves. The proportion each should receive was to be governed by the original grants of "accommodation" land. In May, 1735, a Mr. Clough, of Kingston, N. H., having examined the throat of a hog which died of a throat disease, was himself suddenly at- tacked with a swelling of the throat, and lived but a few days. Three weeks after, three children in his neighborhood were attacked in a similar manner, and died in thirty-six hours. From this, the disease spread rapidly, and proved fearfully fatal, particularly to children. It extended itself in all directions, passing through the British Colonics on the cast, and into New York on the west. It was two years in reaching the Hud- son. Between June, 1735, and July, 1736, nine hundred and eighty-four died in fourteen towns of New Hampshire. It appeared in this town in October, 1736, and swept off more than one-half of all the children under HISTORY OP HAVERHILL. 307 fifteen years of age. Almost every liouse was turned into a habitation of mourning, and scarce a day passed that was not a witness of the funeral procession. Many a hopeful son, or lovely daughter, arose in the morning with apparent perfect health ; but, ere the sun went down, they were cold and silent in the winding-sheet of the dead. In many families, not a child was left to cheer the hearts of the stricken parents. Fifty-eight families lost one each ; thirty-four lost two each ; eleven lost three each ; five lost four each ; and four lost five each. One hundred and ninety-nine fell victims to the terrible distemper, in this town ! Only one of these was over forty years of age. The disease was attended with a sore throat, white or ash-colored spots, an efilorescence on the skin, great general debility, and a strong tendency to putridity. Eev. John Brown, minister of the First Parish, published a particular account of this distemper, in a large pamphlet. Three of his own children were numbered among the victims. Shortly afterward, a pamphlet of seventeen pages of rhyme, concerning the ravages of this distemper, was published in Boston. We cannot resist the temptation to copy a couple of specimen verses : — «* To Newbunj O go and see To Hampton and Kingston To York likewise and Kittery Behold what God hath done. The bow of God is bent abroad Its arrows swiftly fly Young men and maids and sucking babes Are smitten down thereby." The same disease appeared again in 1763, but in a much milder form. In 1737, the town voted to build an almshouse, so as to support their poor under one roof, instead of hiring them kept in private families. For some reason not given, it was not, however, commenced this year, but at the nejit annual meeting, it was again voted to build such an house, and it was done the same year. It stood just below Mill Brook, on the river side.'-' The new system did not work as well as was expected, and a few years after, (1746) the town voted to sell the almshouse, and return to the good old plan of their fathers before them. o In 174:7, Nathanid Pcaslee petitioned the Troprietors for a piece of land "where the almshouse now stands, beginning bj' ye Mill Brook about a rod below the Bridge, thence south to Jlerrimack Kivcr," &.C. This was after the town had voted to sell the Almshouse. 308 HISTORY OF HAVERniLL. Though the town of Methuen was set off in 1725, it docs not appeaif that the line between the two towns was actually settled until the year 1737, when we find that Lieutenant Kichard Kimball, of Bradford, was chosen to *' settle the line between Haverhill and Methuen." This did not, however, " settle" the matter, as we find that the next year the town ordered the selectmen to join with the selectmen of Methuen and run the line, — which they did. The line thus agreed upon has continued to the present time as the dividing line between the two towns. Among the things which call for mention, in our history for 1738, is the petition of Hannah Bradley, of this town, to the General Court, asking for a grant of land, in consideration of her former suflPerings among the Indians, and "present low circumstances." In answer to her petition, that honorable body granted her two hundred and fifty acres of land, which was laid out May 29, 1739, by Richard Hazzen, Surveyor. It was located in Methuen, in two lots, — the first, containing one hundred and sixty acres, bordering on the west line of Haverhill ; the other, containing ninety acres, bordering on the east line of Dracut. Mrs. Bradley's good success in appealing to the generosity of the Gen- eral Court, seems to have stimulated Joseph Neff, a son of Mary NeflF, to make a similar request. He shortly after petitioned that body for a grant of land, in consideration of his mother's services in assisting Hannah Duston in killing " divers Indians." Neff declares in his petition, that his mother was " kept a prisoner for a considerable time," and " in their return home past thro the utmost hazard of their lives and Suffered distressing want being almost Starved before they Could Eeturn to their dwellings." Accompanying Neff 's petition, was the following deposition of Hannah Bradley, which well deserves a place in our pages, for its historical interest The document proves that Mrs. Bradley was taken prisoner at the same time with Mrs. Duston, and travelled with her as far as Pennacook : — " The deposition of the Widow Hannah Bradly of Haverhill of full age who testifieth & saith that about forty years past the said Hannah together with the widow Mary Neff were taken prisoners by the Indians & carried together into captivity, & above penny cook the Deponent was by the Indians forced to travel farther than the rest of the Captives, and the next night but one there came to us one Squaw who said that Hannah Dustan and the aforesaid Mary Neff assisted in killing the Indians of her wigwam except herself and a boy, herself escaping very narrowly, shewing to myself HISTORY OF HAVERHILL. 309 & others seven wounds as she said with a Hatched on her head which wounds were given her when the rest were killed, and further saith not. her Hannah X Bradly." mark The above deposition was sworn to before Joshua Bayley, of Haverhill, June 28tb, 1739-. The General Court granted Neff two hundred acres of land. About this time (1738) a ferry was established on the Merrimack, about a mile and a half below the present chain ferry, and near where Follansbee Noyes now lives. It was soon after removed a mile up river, near the present house of David Nichols. The first rum distillery in town, was built about this time, as we find, under date of November 6, 1738, a petition from James McHard, to the Proprietors, in which he says : — " there is a small vacancy of land betwixt the parsonage Land and Merrimack river by Mr. Pecker's which I am informed belongs to the proprietors of Haverhill and I being about to build a Still House for the good of the Town of Haverhill and without any regard to my Own Interest, as I generally do," &c., and he therefore requests that they will give him liberty to erect his distillery on that lot. This they agreed to do, provided he built within three years. It stood on the stream •(Mill Brook) near what is now the upper mill. About this time, the long row of sycamore-trees that, for a century afterward, added so much to the natural beauty of the " Saltonstall Seat," (now the residence of Mrs. Samuel W. Duncan) were set out." The work was done by one Hugh Talent, an "exile of Erin," and a famous fiddler withal. Tradition says that the village swains and lasses did not allow the cat-gut and rosin of this musical Talent to rust for want of use. He lived with Colonel Saltonstall, in the capacity of a servant. Poor Hugh ! For nearly three generations after he had " hung up his fiddle and his bow," the beautiful trees he planted, were the pride of our village, and the admiration of all who beheld them. Many an one, whose head is sprinkled o'er with the frosts of many winters, as he reads these lines, will call to mind the days and scenes of the time when the " Old Buttenwoods" were flourishing in all their glory, and will embalm their memory with a sigh — perhaps with a tear ! The summer of 1740 was as remarkable for the vast amount of rain which fell, and flooded the country, as the subsecjuent winter was for the o May 23, 1748, "R Saltonstall" petitioned the Proprietors for about one-fourth acre of land south of his homestead, " where he had lately planted some Button Trees." The petition was granted. 310 HISTORY OF HAVERHILL. severity of its cold. It was probably tbe most severe winter that bad been known since the settlement of the country. After a very wet sum- mer and fall, November 4th it set in very cold. On the loth, a foot of snow fell, but on the 22nd it began to rain, " and it rained three weeks together." This produced a freshet in the Merrimack, the like of which " was not known by no man for seventy years."-" The water rose fifteen feet in this town, and floated off many houses. On the 12th of December, the river was closed by the severity of the weather, and before the 1 st of January, loaded teams, with four, six, and eight oxen, passed from Haver- hill and the towns below, to the upper long wharf at Newburyport. The ice in Plumb Island River did not break up until the 30th of March, 1741. There were twenty-seven snow storms during the winter.f By the running of the new line between Massachusetts and New Hamp- shire, in 1741, nearly one-third of the population, territory, and property of the town of Haverhill, fell to the north of the line. "\Vhen to this is added the large portion set off for Methuen, in 1725, we find that more than one-half of its stock of all those elements which combine to make a first class New England town, had been taken from Haverhill within the short period of fifteen years. It was, indeed, a great change in its condition, and prospects, and must have been felt most seriously. Soon after the State line was run, the town instructed its selectmen to take an exact list of the polls and estates on the north side of the line, which was done. J The list is entitled "A List of Polls and Rateable Estate Real & Personal, for the Town of Haverhill in the County of Essex, Taken in the year 1741. This list contains only those living in that part of the town that falls into N HampshireProvince according to Mr Mitch- els Line."§ This document, which is still among the town's papers, contains the following names : — Abraham Annis, Edward Carlton, Jr, Obadiah Perry, John Currier, Timothy Johnson, Seth Patce, John Currier, Jur, "William Johnson, Benjamin Smith, Richard Carlton, Peter Patee, Thomas Smith, * Stephen Jaqucs. t Rev. Mr. Plant. t The immediate cause which prompted this action, was the ftxct that those on the north side of the lino refused to pay taxes any longer to Haverhill, — or even those of the current year. § Anions the papers in the State Archives, is a petition of Nathaniel Rolfo, and John Russell, Jr., to the Gener.~.l Court, in 1753, setting forth that when the State line was rnn in 1741, the meeting house in the North Parish, with two-thirds of the inhabitants, fell on the New H.ampshire side, while the minister's house, and the greatest part of the land, fell on the Massachusetts side ; that some living on the latter side refused to pay their minister's rate, being in doubt about the power to raise money for such purposes; and therefore the petitioners asked that such power might be given them — if they did not then have it. Tho Court thereupon, April 7, 1753, resolved the portion south of the line into a separate and distinet Parish, with all the powers, &c., of a Parish. HISTOHY OP HATEHHILL. 311 John Smitli, Eichard Patee, Jonathan Wheler, John Watts, John Webster, William Webster, Daniel Whitiker, Benjamin Wheler, Stephen Wheler, David Copp, Moses Copp, Thomas Crawfford, Jonathan Coborn, John Dow, Jul", Stephen Emerson, Jur, Peter Easmau, William Easman, Eoberd Emerson, Jur, Benjamin Emerson, Jonathn Emery, Humphry Emery, Eichard Flood, Eoberd Ford, Joseph Gill, Moses Gill, Ebenr Gill, John Heath, James Heath, David Heath, James Heath, Jur, Eichard Heath, Jonathan Hutchens, Thomas hall, Benjamin heath, Zacariah Johnson, Micael Johnson, Stephen Johnson, Stephen Johnson, Jur, John Kent, Jonathn Kimball, Nathaniel Knight, John Kezar, Jonathan Merrill, Nathaniel MeiTill, James Mills, Joseph Page, Jonathan Page, Caleb Page, Timothy Page, Benjamin Eichards, Samuel Stevens, John Stevens, Nehemiah Stevens, Samuel Stevens, Jur, William Stevens, Jonathan Stevens, Jur, Joseph Stevens, Jur, Samuel Worthen, Jur, Jonathn Whitiker, James White, Israel Webster, Thomas Pope, Edmand Page, Timothy Noyse, George Little, Daniel Little, George Little, Jur, Samuel Little, Joseph Little, Caleb Heath, Joshua Page, John Hogg, William Mackmaster, W^illiam Mackmaster, Jr Arter Boyd, Askebell Kinnicum, Askebell Forsh, Thomas Davison, Holbert mon'ison, William Hogg, Walter Mackfortin, John Stinson, Thomas Horner, Alexander Kelcy, Micael Gorden, Eoberd Mackcurdy, Peter Christy, William Callis, John Miller, Eobert Eeddel, Thom Christy, William Gilmore, Paul Mackfarten, James Macfarten, James Adums, James Adums, Jur, Daniel Mactcafee,, Heugh Mackcafee, John Mackcafee, James Gilmore, Samuel Patterson, William Chambers, Samuel Graves, James Graves, Moses Tucker, William Hancock, Nathll Heath, Lemuel Tucker, John Hunkins, John Atwood, Othro Stevens, Eliphelet Page, John Muzzee, Wait Stevens, Samuel Anderson, Nathll Wackfarlee, John Mackcaster, Eoberd Gilmore, Jonathan Coborn, Jur, Daniel Poor, Jonathan Dusten, Jur, Moses Trussel, Capt Nicolas White, Francis Smiley, John Smiley, Heugh Smiley, Capt Christopher Bartlet, Nathaniel Bartlet, Jonathan Bradlee, John Bradlee, Joseph Beartoe, Obadiah Clements, Abraham Chase, Thomas Cheney, Josiah Copp, Timothy Dow, John Dow, Peter Dow, John Dusten, David Emerson, Ephraim Emerson, Timothy Emerson, Heugh Pike. Joseph Earwine, 312 HISTORY OF HAVERHILL. Samuel Eaton, Thomas Follcnsby, Danuel Gile, Josepli^Hcath, Nchemiah Heath, John Heath, Jur, Samuel Heath, Joseph Heath, Jur, AVilliam heath, Josiah heath, Bartholomew heath, John Herriman, Leonard Harriman, Leonard Harriman, Jur, Mathew Harriman, Abner Herriman, Joseph Herriman, Henry Haseltine, Edman Hale, Jonathan Johnson, Wid mary Kimball, Samuel Kimball, Jonathan Koberds, Jonathan Stevens, Moses Stevens, Samuel Smith, Nathaniel Smith, Thomas AVorthin, Samuel AVorthin, John Pollord, Nathll Tucker, Samuel Brown, Benjamin Stone, Nathaniel Johnson, Jur, moses Jackman, Benjamin Pettingall, John French, i Nathll Gatchell. v Following the list, is a certificate, signed by Joshua Bayley, Justice of the Peace, setting forth that the selectmen were duly sworn to perform the duty assigned them, on the 9th of December, 1741. The relative extent and value of the portion which fell to New Hamp- shire on the settlement of the boundary line, may be seen from the following, which we copy from the last page of the above document : — Without New Hampshire Line,. Within the Line 1 S B O .5 1 ■a O S o g ■A o i 1 346 214 7 1126 7-. I 723 125* 10 266 540 184 2lo 158 9 4.58 308 152 .^9 2 239 346 135| 128 20 The following list of names, includes all in that part of the town south of the new State line, and east of the West Parish line ; or, in other words, all those in what is now the First, the North, and the East Parishes. They are copied from a document, entitled " The Town Rate for the East Part of Haver hill a List of That Part of the Tax made By the Assessors of Haverhill on December ye 10 1741 for Benjamin G-ale Constable and Collector of said Part of the town to Collect and pay into The Town Treasury" James Ayer, John Ayer, David Ayer, Timothy Ayer, Samuel Ayer, Samuel Apleton, "William Otterson, John Ayer, Jur, AVilliam Ayer, Joseph Badger, Coll Joshua Baj'ley, Isaac Bradley, Jur, Daniel Bradley, William Bradley, Joseph Bond, Ebenczer Belknap, James Bradbery, Moses Belknap, James Black, John Boynton, Obadiah Belknap, Andrew Bryant, Ebenezer Buck, Jonathan Buck, Joseph Badger, Jur, Barnabas Bradbery, Samuel Clements, HISTORY OF HATERHIIL. 313 Moses Clements, Euben Currier, Caleb Currier, Jacob Chase, Abncr Chase, Eichard Colbey, Isaac Colbey, Ezra Chase, John Cogswell, Nathaniel Cogswell, John Clement, Jur, Elexander Camball, Ebenezer Colbey, John Bradbery, Samuel Dow, Josiah Chandler, Isaac Daiton, AYilliam Davis, Daniel Davis, John Diivis, Jun, Moses Davis, Ephraim Davis, Eobert Davis, Samuel Davis, Jur, Thomas Duston, John Duston, David Dodg, Thomas Diamond, John Edwards, Timothy Eaton, John Eaton, Moses Eaton, Israel Ela, John Ela, Samuel Ela, Jacob Ela, Nathaniel Edwards, Eichard Emerson, Daniel Ela, Abiel Foster, Edward Flynt, "William Follensby, John George, James Gile, Samuel Gile, Joseph Grelee, Jur, •: Peter Green, Benjamin Grelee, 40 John Gage, "William George, Benjamin Gale, John Green, Gideon George, Eobert Hunkins, Jur, David Hutchens, Eobert Hastins, Eobert Hastins, Jun, Eichard Hazzen, Moses Hazzen, Jonathan Haseltine, Eobert Hunkins, James Holgate, AYilliam Handcock Zachariah Hanniford, George Hastins, Jonathan Haseltine Jur, Timothy Haseltine, Benjamin Haseltine, John Haseltine, Daniel Herrick, Stephen Huse, Samuel Hunt, Thomas Hunkins, John Heuston, Thomas Johnson, Daniel Johnson, Marverick Johnson, Samuel Johnson, Nathaniel Knolton, Joseph Kelley, Joseph Kelley Jur, Abner Kimball, Abraham Kimball, Ebenezer Kezer, John Kezer, Jur, John Howard, Jonathan Lufkin, Thomas Ijittle, James Mehard, David Marsh, John Morrowson Nathan Merrill, William Morse, Bradbery Morrowson, Jonathan Marsh, Capt John Pecker, Nathaniel Page, Abraham Page James Pearson, James Pearson Jur, Eobert Peaslee, Amos Peaslee, Cornelius Page, ■ — Nathaniel Peaslee, Lewes Page, Abraham Page Jur, Jeremiah Page, Joshua Page, Eobert Toney, Ezekiel Page, Joseph Palmer, Philip Eowel, Eowland Eideout, "Wid Hannah Eoberds, Col Eichard Saltonstall, James Sanders, Samuel Smith Jur, Nathaniel Sanders, John Sanders, Jacob Sanders, John Sweat, Henry Springer, Jonathan Springer, John Sawyer, Samuel Shepard, Jonathan Shepard, Jonathan Simons, Nathan Simons, John Simons, Nathan Simons Jur, George Sanclar, Philip Stanwood, Samuel Simons, Edward Thompson, Jonathan Tyler, Joseph Tyler, Samuel AVhite, John White, Samuel White Jur, John White Jur, Joseph Whittier, Ebenezer Whittier, David Whiting, John Whiting, 314 HISTORY OF HAVERHILL, Joseph "VYillson, Ezckiel Willsou, AVilliam M'illsoD, John Willson, Grant "Webster, Benjamin AVooster, John Wells, Jacob "Woodward, Nathaniel Woodman, Nathaniel Walker, Thomas Cheney, Josiah Copp, Benjamin Clements, Timothy Dow, John Dow, Peter Dow, John Davis, Joseph Emerson, David Emerson, Ephraim Emerson, "Wid Elizabeth Whittier Robert Emerson, Thomas Whittier, John Willson Jur, Israel Young, William Townsend, James Bly, Stephen Dow, Samuel Duston, Timothy Emerson, Hcugh Pike, Joseph Earwine, Jabesh Emerson, Samuel Eaton, Thomas Eollensby, Daniel Gile, w^idw Mchitcbal EmersonJoseph Heath, Nchemiah Emerson, Nehcmiah Heath, Thomas Mingo, Benjamin Moody, Capt Nicolas White, Joseph Mulikin, Timothy Hardy, Erancis Smiley, John Smiley, Hcugh Smiley, John Heath Jur, Samuel Heath, Joseph Heath Jur, William Heath Jur, Josiah Heath, Bartholomew Heath, John Herriman, Leonard Harriman, Capt Cliiistcpher BartletLeonard Harriman Jr Nathaniel Bartlet, Jonathan Bartlet, John Bradlee, Joseph Beartoe, John Clements, Obadiah Clements Abraham Chase, Matthew Harriman Richard Harriman, Abncr Harriman, Joseph Harriman, Stephen Harriman, Joshua Harriman, Henry Haseltine, Edmand Hale, William Johnson, Thon.as Johnson, Nathaniel Johnson, John Johnson, Cornelius Johnson, Jonathan Johnson, Daniel Johnson Jur, Wid Mary Kimball, Samuel Kimball, Jonathan Roberts, Jonathan Stevens, Moses Stevens, Samuel Smith, Nathaniel Smith, Thomas Worthen, Samuel Worthen, William Whitiker, David Whitiker, John Pollord, Nathaniel Tucker, . Samuel Brown, John Steward, Benjamin Stone, Nathaniel Johnson Jur, John Chase, Humphrey Chase, Moses ]\Iorgin, Joseph Johnson, Moses Jackman, Benjamin Pettingall, John French, Nathall Gatchell, Nathan Haseltine, Nathaniel Green, "^^ Nathaniel phersen. AVe have not been able to find a list of the Polls in the West Parish, in 1741. The nearest we can get, is 1745. But as, in all probability, very few changes were made in that part of the town in the interim, and as we are desirous to complete, as near as may be, a list of all the Polls in the town at this period of its history, we give below the names in that parish for 1745. They are as follows : — Decon Peter Aycr, JiUt Thomas Bayley, Doct William Ayer, Dec Joseph Bradley, Simon Ayer, Amos Bayley, Jacob Ayer, Ebenezar Brown, Ncamiah Bradley, William Bayley, Ebcnezcr Bayley, John Buck, HISTORY OP HAVERHILL. 315 Jeremiah Bayley, Humphrey Bayley, William 13orman, Cor Edward Carleton, Peter Carlton, Nathaniel Clement, John Corliss, Thomas Corliss, John Corliss Jr, Samuel Currier, Nathaniel Clement Jr, Nathaniel Chase, Samuel Clement, James Cook, Joseph Corliss, Nathaniel Duston, Jonathan Duston, Nathaniel Duston Jr, Thomas Eatton, James Eatton, -^ Joshua Emery, Timothy Emerson, Samuel Emerson, Joseph Emerson jr, John Emerson, Mical Emerson, Joseph Emerson tr, Jonathan Emerson, Stephen Emerson, Jonathan Eatton, ^ Jonathan Emerson Jr, Obadiah Emerson, Peter Emejson, Joseph Emerson 4th, Ithamor Emerson, Samuel Gage, Stephen Gage, Capt Philip Hasltinc, Dec Samuel Hasltinc, Thomas Haines, Joseph Haines, Samuel Hutchings, Joseph Hutchings, Nathan Hutchings, Joseph HCseltinc, Samuel Hutchings Jr, Jeremiah Heseltine, Jonathan Haines, James Haseltine, Nathaniel Haseltine, John Haseltine, Eldad Ingalls, John Kezzer Ens Daniel Ladd, Ens John Ladd, Daniel Ladd Jr, Timothy Ladd, Nathaniel Marble, Epheram Marsh, Samuel Marble, Jonathan Marble, John Marble, Joseph Merrile, Wido Euth Merriel, Andrew Mitehel, Phillip Mitehel, William Mitehel, John Mitehel, Nathaniel Merriel, Timothy Messer, Benjamin Hilton, James Nimock, Edward Ordiway, Thomas Page, Thomas Page Jr, Beniamian Patee, Samuel Standley, Mathew Standle3^ John Silver, John Silver Jr, Samuel Silver, John Smith, John Stward, Nathan Webster, Thomas Webster, Jonathan Webster, Stephen Webster, tr Samuel Webster, Nathaniel Webster, Stephen Whiteier, Samuel Whiteier, Samuel Watts, Stephen Webster. Ebenezer Webster, Daniel Williams, John Watts Jr, Stephen Webster Jr, Baraerah Varnon. Cap James Mitehel, Previous to taking leave of our friends on the north of the line, who were thus suddenly, and without their consent, transferred to another State jurisdiction, we can do no less than insert a brief sketch of their subsequent history." We commence with Hampstead. — This town is made up of two segments, one from Haver- hill, the other from Amcsbury, being cut off from those towns by the State line in 1741. It was originally called Timberland, or Timberlane, on ac- count of the abundance of its timber. The Indians never made it a place of abode, if we except one or two who lived temporarily at " Angly Pond," in the northeast part of the town. -' Those portions of Ilavtrhill and Araeslniry which fi;ll to tho north of the new line, were soon after incorporated by the General Court of New Hampshire into a District, under the name of "Haverhill District," and continued to be known by that name until finally divided and incorporated into towns. 316 HISTORY OF HATERHILt. The first families of white settlers -were Ford, Heath, and Emerson. The latter -was from Haverhill, and settled near a brook in the south part of the town, where his descendants still reside. From a petition of Eichard Hazzen to the General Court of New Hamp- shire, under date of May, 1748, "in behalf of that part of Haverhill District commonly called Timberland," we learn that " two thirds of Eev. Mr. Cushing's hearers (exclusive of Timberland) live on the north side of the Boundary line," and that in November, 1747, the district voted that those on the north side should pay two hundred pounds as their pro- portion of Mr. Cushing's salary, but at a legal meeting held afterward, the inhabitants of Timberland were set off from Mr. Cushing's parish. Ke therefore prayed for power to levy a rate for their own minister, which was granted. A meeting-house was built, and a minister settled^- the same year, (1748). Eev. Mr. Barnard, of Haverhill, preached the ordination ser- mon. The first article in Mr. True's agreement, was, " That he should have the parsonage lands, allotted by Haverhill to Timbcrlanc, which was soyjetimes called Haverhill District, but now Hampstead, for the first set- tled minister."! The town was incorporated by its present name, January 19, 1749. Among the principal men of the new town, may be named Eichard Haz- zen, Daniel Little, and Captain John Hazzen, all of whom were originally from Haverhill. Eichard Hazzen, as will be seen from his petition in the preceding chapter, removed to Hampstead during the border troubles. He became one of the leading men of the town.. In 1750, he surveyed, and made a map, of the whole of the eastern coast, from the Merrimack to the St. Croix rivers. After his death, his widow petitioned the General Court of Massachusetts for aid. From her petition, we learn that Hazzen did not receive the money previously voted him by that body. He died, suddenly, on the road from Haverhill to Hampstead, in October, 1754. Daniel Little was also a prominent man in the town. By the act of incorporation, he was designated as the person to call the first town meet- ing under the charter. Eev. Daniel Little, the first minister at Kennebunk, Maine, was a son of the above. Captain John Hazzen, was a nephew of Eichard, and a man of great enterprise. After living several years in Hampstead, he went, as leader o Kcv. Henry True. t The Church was not organized, however, until June 3, 1752. Sixty-eight persons united in its forma- tion, fifteen of whom were from the first church in Haverhill. HISTORY OP HAVERHILL. 317 of a company, to settle a new town in northern Xew Hampshire, on the Connecticut, and had the address to have the town named for his own place of nativity — Haverhill. Captain Hazzen was an officer in the old French War, and stood high in the estimation of government. Expecting a charter of a township in the " Coos," if he made a settlement therein, he, in 1761, sent on his cat- tle, with two men, Michael Johnston and JohnPettie, (both also of Haver- hill, Massachusetts,) to commence such a settlement. In the spring of 1762, Captain Hazzen went on himself, with hands and materials for build- ing a saw-mill and a grist-mill.''* It appears that Kingston claimed that part of Hampstead called Ames hury Peak, and, in 1760, writ after writ was served upon them to recover. It was finally settled in 1764, by giving Kingston "^1000 old tenor," and a grant of a new township near the Connecticut, which was called Unity, as it made Peace. Plaistow. — This town, a large part of which was originally a part of Haverhill, was incorporated as a town, February 28, 1749. Among its first settlers, who were nearly all Haverhill men, may be mentioned Cap- tain Charles Bartlett and Nicholas White, Esq., both of whom were men of considerable prominence. Its first church was that of the Eev. Mr. Cushing, which fell a few rods to the north of the State line in 1741, Atkinson was set off from Plaistow, in 1767, and incorporated September 3d of the same year. It was named in honor of the Hon. Theodore Atkin- son, a large landholder in the town, and. one of the principal men of the <* Among those wKo accompanied him at this time, was Colonel Joshua Howard, of this town, then twenty-two years of age. (1) Johnston was drowned the same season, while descending the Connecticut, (1) lie died in Haverhill, N. H., in 1839, aged ninety-uine years. on a visit to his friends, and was buried on a small island, since known as Johnston's Island." Colonel Charles Johnston, (brother of the above,) Jesse Harriman, Thom.is Johnson, David Merrill, and Ezekiel Ladd, all of Haverhill, were also among the earlier settlers of the new township. The latter afterward became one of the principal men of the place, and occupied the most responsible positions. He married Euth Ilntchins, also of Haverhill, and died in 1818, aged eighty years, ■ The wifi; of Mr. Ladd had seen and tasted some of the refinements of life, and in after years she often related her extreme mortification on the first Sabbath she attended meeting at her new home. She had been recently married, and thinking she must appear as well as any of her neighbora, she put on her wedding silks, with muflled cnlTs, extending from the shoulder to the elbow, and there made fast by bril- liant sleeve buttons. She wore silk hose, and florid shoes. Her husband, also, appeared in his best, and they took their seats early in the sanctuary. But, as she said, " they went alone, sat alone, and returned alone ; " for it was not possible for her to get near enough to any of the women to hold conversation with them. They were actually afraid of her, and kept at a safe distance lest they should spoil her dress. The next Sabbath she appeared in a clean check-linen dress, with other articles in accordance, and found no difficulty in making the acquaintance of her neighbors, who proved to be sociable and warm hearted friends. Mr. Ladd afterward becamfS widely known as "Judge Ladd," and was highly respected and beloved.2 3 Hist. Sketches Coos Co. p. 45, 31 S HISTORY OP HAVERHILL. province. Previous to its incorporation, it was sometimes called New Castle. Settlements were made within the town's limits as early as 1727 or 172M. The first permanent settlers were Jonathan and Edmund Page, and John Dow, — all of Haverhill. Nathaniel Cogswell, who for between thirty and forty years was a mer- chant in Haverhill, was among its first principal men. ' The land for the first meeting-house was given by him. He was born in Ipswich, in 1707, and married Judith, a daughter of Joseph Badger, of Haverhill. Out of his nineteen ehildi'en, he gave eight sons to the service of the Revolution, who performed collectively thirty-eight years of service, and all survived the war ! All of his children were baptised in the first church at Haver- hill, f Mr. Cogswell was a man of large means, as well as patriotism, and loaned much money to his town to expend for the American cause. The first minister in Atkinson was the Eev. Stephen Peabody, of Ando- ver, Massachusetts, who was ordained November 25, 1772, at which time a church was formed. | He died in 1819, aged seventy-eight. Stephen Peabody Webster, of Haverhill, was the first person who en- tered college from Atkinson Academy. He was afterward Clerk of the Courts of Grafton County ; a Eepresentative, Senator, and Councillor. He for many years taught the Academy at Haverhill, N. H., and died there. Ezekiel Little was born in the West Parish of Haverhill, in 1762; graduated at Harvard College, in 178-4 ; taught school in Boston for many years ; was author of an arithmetic called The Usher, published at Exeter, in 1799 ; and during the latter part of his life resided at Atkinson, where he died in 1840, aged seventy-seven years. The first couple published in Atkinson were David Clement of Haverhill, and Dilley Ladd of Atkinson, in October, 1767. ° lie was a descemlant of John Cogswell, a merchant of London, who cnnie to Ipswich in 1635, and was made a freeman in 1030. On his passage to this country he was wrecked, at Pemcquid, Me. He died Novemhcr 29, 1CG9, leaving a wife and seven children. t Joseph Cogswell, who died at Tamworth, N. H., in 1851, was the last survivor of this large family of children. X Itev. Mr. Peabody maiTicd, first, Polly IlascUine, of Bradford, and second, Mrs. Elizabeth, widow of Rev. John Shaw, of Haverhill. The latter was sister of the wife of the first President Adams. She mar- ried Shaw in 1777, and Peabody in 1795. There is a generally credited tradition, that Mr. Peabody had consulted Mrs. Shaw, but a short time before her first husband's death, in regard to his own "lone" con- dition, and asked her advice as to the most suitable person to ''share his joys and his sorrows." A par- ticular candidate for such a partnership was recommended and agreed to, but before sutlicient t'me had elapsed to consult the third party, Mr. Shaw suddeiily died, and, in his ze.al to console the bereaved widow Mr. Peabody entirely forgot the claims of the original candidate, and was so soim announced as the " happy man," that it was even whispered that the previous decision was revised on the day of the funeral. HISTORY OF HAVERHILL. 319 Salem was incorporated as a District soon after the State line was run, in 1741, and as a Town, in 1750. In our searcli among the papers in the State Archives of New Hampshire, we found several interesting documents relating to the incorporation of that town. The first is a petition (with- out date, but probably 1746,) from thirty-one of the inhabitants of the west part of Haverhill District, praying to be set off into a new parish or town.--^ Following the above, is a petition from thirty-four of the inhabi- tants of the same locality, praying that they may not be set off, as above. They say there are sixty or seventy families settled in the district referred to ; that they have been to a very great expense in building a meeting- house, and settling a minister ; and though they do not object to a new toion, they pray not to be disturbed as to their parish concerns.f After this comes a petition from fifty-nine of the inhabitants of the Haverhill District, praying for the new town, or parish. This evidently turned the scale and an act of incorporation was granted soon afterward. The first church formed in that part of Salem once belonging to Haver- hill, was organized in 1740, and before the State line was run. Eev. Abner Bailey was the first minister, and was ordained the same year. He died in 1798. Policy Pond, which lies partly in Salem and partly in Windham, was formerly called " Haverhill Pond." A tract of land granted to Eev. Mr. Higginson, by the General Court, in 1715, began "upon said pond," and ran south " upon Haverhill Line," 730 poles to a tree " standing in Hav- erhill Line." ° Among the names of the petitioners we noticed those of Thomas, Samuel, Caleb and Obadiah Duston. t Among these petitioners were eight by the name of Page, six named Knights, and four named Noycs. 320 HISTORY OF HAVERHILL. CHAPTER XX. 1742 TO 1765. "We liave already noticed, under date of 1734, tte unsuccessful attempt of the inhabitants of the easterly part of tlie town to be set off into a sep- arate parish. We do not find that a second elffort was made until 1743, when they were more fortunate than on the previous occasion, as will be seen from the following, which we copy from the original documents in the Archives of the State : — " To his Excy Wm Shirley Esq. Captain Genl & Govt in Chief over his Majesty's provence of the Massachusetts Bay in New Engd. and to the honble his i\Iajesty's Council, and to the honble House of Eepresentves in Genl Court assembled May 25. A D 1743. The petition of Us the Subscribers being Freeholders & Inhabitants of the Easterly part of the oldest or first Parish in Haverhill, humbly shew- eth — That the Meeting House now standing in said Parish was built in the year 1699, & then set suitable to accomodate the whole Town, for then the whole Town were but one Parish & about the year 1723 or 4 this Court was pleased to set off the Westerly part of the Town of Haverhill with divers of the Inhabitants into a Town called Methuen, & about the year 1730 this Court was pleased to set off a Parish on the Northerly part of the Town of Haverhill, & about the year 1734 this Court was pleased to set off a parish at the Westerly End of the then remaining or oldest Par- ish in Haverhill. And now, please your Excy & Hours, the Meeting House now in the old Parish stands but a mile at furthest off the West Parish Line, & the said Meeting House stands near six miles from the East End of said Parish, & we have petitioned to the said Parish for some Ease in this affair, & no help can be obtained as your Excy & Hours may plainly see by Copies herewith exhibited Therefore your poor Petrs pray that this honble Court would appoint a Committee to go & view the whole Parish, & make Report to this Court whether it be not just & proper to divide the whole Parish into two equal halves or distinct Parishes by themselves, & to affix a Line between them, or otherwise to provide for the Ease & Eclief of your poor Petrs in the Case as your Excy & Hours shall BISTORT OF HAVERHILL. 321 in your Wisdom & wonted Goodness think best, so shall your poor dis- tressed Petrs ever pray as in duty bound &c. \ Nathaniel peaslee, Joseph Grele, Thos Cottle, John George, Reuben Currier, George Santeler, Joseph Tyler, Peter Green, Nathaniel page, Timothy Eaton, Moses Eatton, Abraham page, Samuel Smith, Zechariah Hannaford, Lewis page, Caleb Currier, Eobert Hastings Jun, Georg Hastings, Joseph Kelly Jun, John Morrison, Green whicher, Benjamin Davis, Jacob Sanders, Humphrey Chas, John Chase, Eobert Hunkins Jun, Thomis Hunkins, Ebenezer Colby, Eichard Colby, Isaac Colby, Samuel Ela, Israel Ela, James Sanders, Eobert Hastings, Joseph Kelly, Ephraim Davis, Simeon Brown, John Sanders, John Sanders, James Bradbury, Eobert Hunkins, Abner Ches, Antony Colby, Daniel Ela, Benjamin page, Ezekiel page, James holgate, William Georg, Gideon George, Jonathan Tyler, Jonathan Tyler Jr, Samuel Davis, Samuel Davis Junr, Jacob Chase, John Swett, Ebenezer Whittier, June 1, 1743, the above petition was read in the House of Eepresenta- tives, and the petitioners were ordered to serve the first parish with a copy of the petition, " that they may shew cause (if any they have) why the prayer thereof should not be granted." June 9th, a meeting was called to consider the matter, and Joshua Bay- ley and Captain James Pearsons were chosen a committee to make answer to the General Court in behalf of "the old parish." The following is their answer : — " To His Excellency William Shirley Esqr Governor and Commander in Chief in and over His Majesties Province of the Massachusetts Bay in New England : And to the Honorble His Majesties Council and Honorble House of Eepresentatives in Generall Court assembled at Boston June ye 14th 1743.— The Answer of the first or Oldest Parish in' the Town of Haverhill, to the Petition of the Inhabitants of the Easterly part of said Parish, hum- bly sheweth. — That we dont pretend to deny but that the Meeting House in said Parish was erected in ye year 1699, and was then Suitable to accomodate the whole Inhabitants who were Settled, tho it was by no means near the cen- ter of the Town : We are also ready to own that a great part of Methuen was taken out of the Westerly Part of Haverhill, in ye year 1724. — 41 352 HISTORY OF HAVERHILL' That in the year 1730 an other Parish was set off hy the name of thd North Parish, And in the year 1734, an other Parish -was set off by the name of the AVest Parish, the said Parishes being north and west of our Meeting house. But that they have petitioned the Parish for ease in the affair and could obtain no help we absolutely deny, for that it may please your Excellency and Honours they were at their requesls in the year 1734 set off into a distinct and Separate Parish by a vote of the Parish & a line aflSxt be- tween us as they desired, but many of the Inhabitants on the Easterly side of that line being against being a Parish. "When the others petitioned this Great & Honourable Court to be vested with the powers and privi- ledges of a Parish it was denyed them, & they were turned back to the old Parish againe. We would farther humbly suggest to your Excellency and Honours that such persons who live in the Easterly part of the Parish & have made proper application, have been eased of their Burthen & charge. We your Eespondents begg leave further to add that in the month of May last there was a vote passed to divide ye Parish, and a line was fixt which we hoped might make a peace in the Parish (tho at the same time we are humbly of opinion that the whole Parish will make but Two verry lean Parishes when divided) & we set off all such persons and their estates who ware desirous to go to the new proposed Parish, Except two or three men- tioned below, all tenants but one, but we could not but think it a verry great hardship to force any from us who were desirous to tarry with us, more espetially if they must go farther to the new Meeting-house then to come to the Old One, and we are yet Humbly of the same Opinion & think they had no ground for such complaint. May it please your Excellencies and Honours, it appears to us that we have been tenderly thoughtful in what we have done relating to a divisional line, having set off near one half of the Land & near Sixty Families, yea all that have desired it ex- cept two or three men which by our own Act may go with their estates to the new Parish if they please. Upon the whole we hope that your Excellencies & Honours will not think it needful to send up a Comittee or to force any from the Old Parish that cannot be willing to be parted from it. We beg that your Excellencies and Honours will be pleased to have a tender regard to the Old Parish that was once the Center of a verry large Town is now become (by the loss of almost all Methuen & three separate Parishes) to be ven-y small. We would further observe to your Excellencies & Honours that altho the Easterly part of old Parish was set off in the year HISTORY OF HAVERHILL. 323 1734 & a line fixt nearer to tlie old Meeting House than tlie dividing line fixb in May last, which was occationed by the West Parish (not then set off) Joyning with the Eastermost part of the said old Paiish& affixed the line whore they pleased which had not been done had the West Parish been set off first. On the whole we humbly begg that your Excellencies & Houoars will be pleased to do that for us which in your great wisdome shall be thought best for us, and your humble Kespondents as in duty bound shall ever pray &c. Joshua Bayley \ Committee for & behalf of the James Pearson j old Parish in Haverhill." June lith, these petitions were read in the House of Representatives, and in Council, and a committee was appointed to visit Haverhill, view the parish, hear the parties, and report. September 9 th, the committee reported in favor of the petitioners for the new parish, and it was accordingly set off. The dividing line was the same as the present The town having been divided into parishes, a proposition was made to divide the parsonage lands among them, but it was not agreed to. The following interesting paragraphs, relating to the easterly part of the town, we copy from Mirick : — " The house of Dr. H. Brown, at Holt's Rocks, was destroyed by fire on the 22d of January (174:3), and his daughter, aged 23 years, and a young man who was then living with him, a son of D. Currier, were burnt to death. Their remains were interred in a field, now overgrown with trees, owned by John Johnson Esq., and grave-stones erected to their memory. But they are thrown down and so broken and defaced, that the letters are nearly illegible. With the assistance of Mr. Johnson, we found them, lying flat on the ground, and nearly concealed from view. It is a very romantic situation, on the side of a hill covered with young sycamores, and which slopes gently until it reaches the Merrimack. This gentleman also informs us that other persons, principally infants, were buried in the same place; but no monuments were erected to their memory, and the mounds have totally disappeared. The little village at the Rocks, increased very slowly. We were in- formed by Mr. Phineas Nichols, a venerable gentleman, 94 years of age, that there were but four houses in 1750, and that he could distinctly re- member them. They were owned and occupied by Dr. Brown, John Swctt, Joseph Burrill, and Mr. Nichols's father. Dr. Brown moved to Fryburg, Maine, soon after," 324 HISTORY OT HAVERHILt. From the proprietor's records, of November 21, 1743, we learn that Ed- ward riynt had leave granted him " to finish a vessel he had put up on the banks of the river near his house," and also to put up any others during the proprietors' pleasure. This is the first mention we find of ship-build- ing since the petition of Springer, ten years before. From the same records, we learn that John Ayer had recently built a " tan-house," on land given him by the proprietors for that purpose, " in the rear of his father's garden,"" and had also built a bridge across the Btream near it. In consideration that he would forever keep the bridge in repair, the proprietors granted him the piece of land west of his tan- house. By a vote of the town, the parsonage land was, in 1744, divided into lots. A highway, two and a half rods wide, was laid out through the lots " to near the mouth of Little Eiver, and over said river." The ex- pense of the bridges was to come out of the sale of the lots. This high- way was that now called Merrimack Street. The lots were laid out on the north side of it, and numbered from east to west, the lot cornering on Merrimack and Main Streets (known these many years as " "White's Cor- ner,") being " Lot Number One." The width of the highway through these lots forms a striking contrast to that of the road from Sanders' Hill to the Men-imack above Holt's Eocks, which was laid out among the first in the town. The latter was twelve rods wide. This extreme width, however, became in time the cause of a deal of trouble to the town, and about the time of which we now write, the " twelve rod way" was almost continually before the town meet- ings. It was finally (1754) narrowed down to four rods in width, and the surplus, amounting to nineteen acres and eighty-two rods, sold to various persons along the line of the road. The setting up of ship-builders in town seems to have been followed, as a matter of course, by the establishment of more blacksmiths. Thus we find that, soon after Springer was allowed to set up the business, in 1733, John Gage petitioned the proprietors for liberty to set a blacksmith's shop near the river, — which was granted ; and no sooner had Flynt received permission to establish a ship-yard, than Edmund Greenleaf applied for liberty to set up a blacksmith's shop near the same, — which was also granted. Having erected a mccting-house, and settled a minister, the East Parish immediately applied to the town for some land for a parsonage, which was * Near the west end of Ayer's (now Plug) Pond. HISTORY OF HAVERHILL. 325 granted the following spring (1745). The land thus laid out to them was valued at " £1200 old tenor." Thomas Cottle petitioned the town, in 1745, for liberty to establish a ferry near his house ; and as he represented that the ferry might " be sar- vicable to the town and other travailers," and offered to ferry the town's people one-fourth cheaper than strangers, his petition was granted. This made the number of ferries across the Merrimack at that time, between the village and Holt's Eocks, no less than five, viz. : — Swett's, at Holt's Eocks ; Cottle's at the mouth of East Meadow Eiver (Cottle's Creek) ; Pattee's, near the present house of David Nichols ; Mulikin's, where the chain ferry now is, and Griffin's, nearly opposite the foot of the present Lindell Street, at the village. In 1746, the town voted to exempt the first, or "old" parish, from paying anything for any other school in town, provided they would keep a grammar school constantly in their own parish, at their own expense. At this period, the rates, or taxes, were made out in "lists," and placed in the hands of collectors, who were usually constables." As each man paid, his name was checked, and sometimes, (if he was particular to re- quire it) he also received the collector's written receipt. The amount on each collector's book, or list, was charged to him, and he was obliged to pay the whole amount into the treasury, within a reasonable time, whether he had collected it or not. The only way in which he could dispose of a hard customer's tax, was, either to collect it in some way, or pay it out of his own pocket, or induce the town, by a special vote, to "forgive" him the amount. At first, the collectors were not allowed any pay whatever for their services ; and it was not until 1780 that a regular commission was given them. It was then voted to allow them a " Poundage of Four Pence on Twenty Shillings." That the office was no sinecure, is seen from the fact that for more than a hundred years the town's rule was, that if a man was chosen constable, he must either "stand," procure a substitute acceptable to the town, or pay a fine of five pounds, unless he was " excused," which was not common. We could probably fill an entire page with the names of those who took the last-named horn of the dilemma. After the town was divided into parishes, each parish collected its own minister tax, in its own way. The First Parish frequently collected its minister tax in the following manner : — A contribution, as it was called, " For many years there was only one constable, or collector, in the town. Afterward, two were chosen — rone for the portion east of the Little Eiver, the other for that on the west. Still later, one was chosen for each Parish. 826 HISTORY OV HAVERHILL. was taken every Sabbath afternoon, when any person wbowislied to pay his tax in this manner, had liberty to pay such a sum as he pleased. Each person was ordered to fold his money in a paper, and write his name and the amount within. A person was yearly appointed to receive these mon- ies, and pass the amount to the credit of the name within written. If no name was written within the paper, it was considered as a free gift to the minister, and was disposed of as such. In the early days of the Colony, the contribution was usually made by each going up to the " Deacons' seat," and depositing his offering. The magistrates and the chief men led off, and the others followed in order, down to the youngest, and the hum- blest. This custom declined about 1G65. The following brief list of names of persons residing in this town, in 1747, with the trade or occupation of each, is compiled from various papers in the State Archives, and is not without interest. We introduce it, as we introduce many other lists of names, principally for the purpose of aiding those who may be interested in tracing the genealogy and history of families : — James Pecker, an a Potacary, Jonathan "Webster, Hatter, Edmond Mors, a Shoomaker or Cord- Andrew Frink, Shipwrite, winder, Nathaniel Knolton, Tayler, Daniel Appleton, Joyner, Mr Trask, Brick-Layer, James Parson, Husbandman. Ebenezer Hale, Cordwinder, John Byenton, Black Smith, William Hancock, farmer, grant Webster, Marchant, The year 1748, was another year of trouble in our town affairs, as will be seen from the array of documents which follow. At the annual meeting, March 1st, Nathaniel Peaslee was declared chosen moderator, whereupon Samuel White and fifteen others, protested against his oflSciating, on the ground that "he was not chosen according to Law." After vainly attempting to have the proceedings conducted "according to law," the disaffected retired from the meeting, and those who remained proceeded to choose the other officers, and transact the other business of the town. The "bolters " did not, however, rest quietly under the new adminis- tration, but immediately petitioned the General Court, in substance, as follows : — ' The meeting of March 1 st was called to order by Nathaniel Peaslee, one of the selectmen for the previous year, who ordered votes to be brought o Tha petition ii dated March 3d, 1748, and aigned by fifty-nin* of th« inkabitaaU. HiSTORt OF HAVERHILt. S27 in for a moderator, and was himself elected, or chosen, by a majority of two votes. The petitioners claimed that several votes were cast illegally, and more than seven of them at the time " requested that the vote might be decided by the Poll, but the Moderator refused to allow it," and de- clared that the law of deciding votes by the Poll did not take place till after a moderator was chosen. The petitioners claimed that persons were allowed to vote at the meeting who were not qualified by law — were not " Inhabitants nor Treeholders in said Town of Haverhill, nor even in the Province of Massachusetts Bay, but in New Hampshire," and that the votes of some who were qualified were refused. The petitioners therefore prayed that some one might be appointed by the Court to look into the matter. The following are the names of the petitioners : — Henry Springer, Edward Flint, John Cogswell, Joseph Badger, James Pecker, Jacob Sanders, Nathaniel Walker, Nathaniel Johnson, John Sanders, Abner Kimball, Eichard Harriman, Nathll Sanders, Stephen Huse, Stephen Harriman, Joshua Sawyer, Eichd Hazzen, James Chase, Nathaniel Eolfe, Nathll Balch, Andrew frink, Peter Ayer, Jacob Ayer, Ithamor Emerson, Simon Ayer, Samuel Hasaltine, Joshua Page, John Gage, Moses Clements, From a certificate attached to the petition, it appears that the petition- ers held a meeting, and chose John Sanders and Peter Ayer to present their petition to the General Court. Accompanying the petition, they sent fourteen depositions, signed by twenty-eight of the other inhabitants of the town, in further support of their charges. Other reasons for declaring the doings of the meeting of March 1st illegal are contained in a deposition of Joshua Sawyer, and others, under date of September 17, 1748, of which the following is an extract : — " There was not any List of Valuation Eead nor any List of Non Voters nor any Wrighting of what name or nature Soever by which the Eichard Emerson, Abraham Kimball, John Pecker, James McHard, "Will hancock, Grant Webtser, John Sawyer, Samuel White, Benja Gale, Joseph Patten, Samll Appleton, Samll White Jun, Edmd Mooers, Daniel Appleton, John Smylie, Samuel Johnson, Samuel Ayer, Thomas Haynes, John Hinkley, David Ajer, Nathaniel Knowlton, Ebenezar Buck, Jonathan Simones, Daniel Davies, Edmund Greenleaf, Symonds Greenough, William Greenleaf, Ebenezer Hale, Nathan Haseltine, Jonathan Webster, Andrew Mitchel. 328 HISTORY OP HAVERHILL. Selectmen did Pretend to Shew who was qualified by Law to Vote in Town affairs nor who was not qualified to vote in Town affairs until after the second time of Voting for the Moderator nor until some Considerable time after Mr Nathaniel Peasle Had taken the Seat of and Officiated as Mod- erator by Calling to the People to Bring in their Votes." To the above mentioned petition, the selectmen of 1747 and 1748, and others of the inhabitants, made reply in substance, as follows : — The petition of Sanders and others contained false and abusive asser- tions ; the petitioners were a number of uneasy persons, the greater part of whom came lately from other towns to reside among them, and were continually stirring up contentions in the town ; that lately many of them were engaged in a vile riot in town, for which some of them were to appear before the Hon. Judge Berry, at Ipswich, on the day of the annual meet- ing, had they not agreed with the man whom they had chiefly abused, for a considerable sum of money ; that they took advantage of the great depth of snow, and consequent inability of those living in the remote parts of the town from coming to the meeting, to gain some advantage to themselves ; that John Sanders was greatly prejudiced against moderator Peaslee, because the latter had exposed and prevented the former from obtaining more money from the Province than belonged to him, by a false account ; the moderator was duly and legaly chosen, and had the Kev. Mr. Barnard open the meeting with prayer ; and many of the petitioners were not qualified to vote, and some were not even residents of the town. The petition is dated March 28, 1748, and 'signed by John Ladd, ") Selectmen Jonathan Marsh, Thomas Dustin, Barachias Farnham, Eeuben Currier, Amos Peaslee, Joseph Grele, Thomas Eatton, Joseph Haseltine, Nathaniel Chase, Daniel Lad Jun, \J Joseph Merrill, Eichard Bayley,^/ Daniel Johnson, Siimuel AVebster, John Gorge, Samuel AVhiticker, David AVhiticker, for ye yr A Dom 1747 John Ladd, Thomas Johnson, William Ayer, Selectmen for the Year A Dom 1748 Wm mitchel, Jona mitchel, William George, Daniel Ela, Lewis Page, John Eatton, Town Samuel Guild, Thos Cottle, moses Davis, Joseph Tyler, George Hastings James Pike, Samuel Peaslee, Ezra Chase, Ebenezer Colby, John Chase, Humphrey Chase, Israel Ela, Joseph Whittier, Clerk James Gild, Abraham Page, Gideon George, Jacob Ela, Ephraim Marsh, John Haseltine, Jonathan Haynes, Edward Carleton, Stephen Webster Jun, BISTOUT OP HAVERHILt. 329 Joseph Hutchins, Jeremiah Bayley, Timothy Emerson, Ebenezer Bayley, Thomas Page, John Emerson, Amos Bayley, Jonathan Emerson Jun, James Haseltine, John marbel, Stephen "Whiticker, Edward ordway, Micah Emrson, Samuel Emerson, Kehemiah Bradly, Jonathan Emerson, James Eatton, Daniel Meerie, Jonathan Marhle, Nathaniel Webster, Cornelius Johnson, Saml Shepard, James holgatc, Ebenczr "Whittier, John Green, Eobart Hunkin jr, John morrison, benjamin greely, Peter Green, — — Maverick Johnson, John Edwards, Joseph Kelly, James Sanders, Eobart Hunkins, Samuel Ela, Timothy Eatton, Phillip Haseltine, John Smith, Nathan Webster, Nathll Clement, Thomas Corlis, Joseph Dow, Joseph Kelley Jr, Samuel Davis Jr, Moses Eatton, Samuel Gage, John Corlis Ju, Moses Hazzen. Under date of March 29th, 1748, we find a petition signed by twenty- seven of the " freeholders & inhabitants," who therein declare that they were not present at the annual meeting, on account of the great depth of snow, but had heard of the proceedings, and praj-cd that the petition of Sanders, and others, be not granted. The following names are attached to this petition : — Jonathan Duston Ju, John Corlis, Joseph Bradley, Benjamin Clement, Joseph Emerson, William Johnson, Samuel Clements, Daniel Lad, Thomas Bayley, The committee to whom these several petitions were referred, re- ported " that the town meeting held on the first day of March be sett a side, & that the selectmen for the year 1747 grant a new Warrant for the Choice of all ordinary Town oflScers that Towns by Law are Ena* bled to choose ; " the meeting to be held sometime in April. The report was accepted. A town meeting was accordingly convened, on the 26th of April, at which the officers chosen March 1st, were all re-chosen, except, that Thomas Duston was chosen a selectman in the place of Moses Clement. This was not, however, in the opinion of " John Pecker and others," done " according to law," and they promptly " dissented." Soon after, (May 25, 1748,) Richard Saltonstall, and forty -one others, presented a memorial to the General Court, in which they set forth that " the afi^airs of the second meeting were conducted with more wickedness partiality and premeditated corruption than the first;" that the select- men, (who were also assessors) "to cure their great Neglect in not Valueing the Estates and faculties of the Inhabitants," had, after their 42 830 HISTORY OF HAVERmit. term of office had expired, made a pretended valuation, by -wLich they disqualified some pf the opposite party, and admitted others who were clearl}' not entitled to vote, — all for the purpose of carrying their own points in governing the choice of officers; that the cause of all the un- easiness among the inhabitants, was the belief that the selectmen, or seme of tlicra, had combined with the Town Treasurer, (who was also Town Clerk) "to Imbezell large sums of the publick money & apply it to their own use." They therefore prayed for a new meeting, to be presided over by a disinterested moderator, and that the transactions of the last meeting be set aside. The following names are attached to the memorial : — Eicha Saltonstall, Joshua Baylcy, John Pecker, John Sunders, Kathll Sanders, John Aver, Jonathan Simonds, Joseph Patten, Piichd Hazzcn, Nathcl Balch, Jas Pecker, Wm Brady, Simon Ayer, Abraham Kimball, T\'ill hancock, Joshua Page, Jacob Sanders, Jno AVhite, Samll Appleton, Bcnja Gale, Edmund Greenleaf, Edmund j\Jooers, Nathaniel Walker, Jacob Aycr, Nathaniel Bolfe, Jonathan Webster, James McHard, Samuel White, Eichard Emerson, Grant Webster, Peter Ayer, Joseph Badger, Ithamar Emerson, Nathaniel Knowlton, Andrew fiiuk, John Boynton, Stephen Huse, Moses Clements, Ebenezer Hale, John Smylie, Nathan hesscltine. The General Court ordered the petitioners to serve the selectmen and moderator with a copy of their petition, and June 15th was assigned for a hearing of the pai-ties.'-'^ On account of the sickness " of divers of the principal persons," who subscribed the last mentioned petition, the hearing was postponed to the next day, when a committee was appointed " to hear the parties who are now in Town," and report.f The consideration was, however, again postponed to September, when the committee repcitod that the proceedings of the second meeting be set aside and declared null and o The Selectmen in their response to the General Court, on the memorial of Siiltonstall, and others, deny any attempt nt partiality in accepting or rcl'using votes ; leave the Town Treasurer to vindicate h'msilf; dci-larc that all their oT\n transactions in town aflaivs arc open for the to'nn to examine; and close by declaring the memorial false and vexatious. t AVe find a paper, dated Boston, June 17, 17-18, and signed by the Selectmen on the one part, and Nathiiniel Satu'ers and Joseph Patten for the niimorialists on the other part, agreeing for peace on the following conditions : The numi>rialists arc to drop their petition on condition that n, new town meeting be held, and that a disinterested committee be chosni to settle with the Town Treasurer, on which committee no selectman or member 0/ a former committee should be placed. 1 HISTORY OP HAVERHILL. 831 void, and a new meeting be called ; and as no valuation bad been taken the present year, " according to Law," that the valuation of 1747 be the rule for regulating the votes. The Court adopted the report, and appointed John Choate, Esq., to be moderator of the meeting. Accordingly, a meeting was holdcn on the 22d of Xovember, vrhcn Mr. Choate" presided, and the same persons were for the third time clioscn toun officers ! But this time they were chosen " according to Law " ! A proposition was made this year, but negatived, to build a school-house in each parish. From this it would appear probable that the only school- house then in town, was that in the village ; although, as we have seen, the town had long before (1723) voted to build several others. This supposition is strengthened by the fact that the next spring it was voted to " sell the old school house." From an answer of the "Proprietors of the Common Lands" to the General Court, we learn that at this time (1748) a " Common Right " was worth only three pounds, Old Tenor, and they were ready to sell at that price. They say that when the old grants are all made good, they " dont think one penny will fall to the Proprietors."! During the French and English War of 1744-48, a number of Haver- hill men were in active service. Several were at the taking of Louisburg, in 1745, but as the muster rolls of that expedition omit the place of resi- dence, or enlistment, of the men engaged in it, we are unable to give their names. Oq the renewal of hostilities by the Eastern Indians, who, as before, were found siding with the French, the provincial government sent a large number of troops to the eastern country, among whom were several Haverhill men. Of those stationed at Scarborough, in 1748, were nine from this town. J Four of them continued in that service until the peace, in the following year. At the annual town meeting, for 1749, a proposition was made to hold the town meetings one half of the time in the West Parish, and the other half in the East Parish, — but it was promptly voted down. o Mr. Choate was a member of the General Court, from Ipswich. t Peter Aver wa9 an original iiroprietor. or owner, of two Common Rights, which descended to his five daughters. One of his daughters divided lier proportion among her own four daughters.. J Obadiah Perry, Corp., Thomis Stone, cD.niicI Silver, Thorn IS Wcscorab, CE],pnrzcr Brown, Halt Williams, "Job Gage, ''Oliver Scales, Jonathan Hwilon. Sp.nlinrls. Those served from April 3 to November 30, ITIS. Those designated by a " contiuued in the service until August 8, 1749. 832 HISTORY OP HATERHItli. From the proprietors' records of March Gth, we make the following extract : — "In answer to ye petition of sundry of ye Inhabitants of ye Town of Haverhill, (' to yc proprietors of Common & undivided lands in ye Town of Haverhill & yt part of Methuen which was formerly a part of sd Town of Haverhill ; together with yt part of Haverhill which fulls within ye province of new hampshire, & commonly called Haverhill District ' ) " ye sd proprietors agreed & voted yt all their Eight proprtec & Inter- est yt they have in the land lying betwixt ye head of ye lotts 6z merrimack Elver from Capt John Pecker's wharfe down to ye plaine gate so called (Excepting a road all along bj ye head of ye lotts so wide as ye Town shall think proper) be & hereby is given, granted & appropriated to ye use & benefit of said town within ye Massachusetts, To be Disposed off as the said Town shall see Cause ; with this proviso ; that the said Town do Disalow & Discontinue the said road laid out by the selectmen from Kent's lott down to ye plain gate on Februay 11. 1724-5 r this above voted in the affirmative Moses Hazzen Entered his Discnt against giveing or selling of any land from Richard Saltonstall's Esqr Down to the plaine gate. Edward Flint Entered his Discnt against Disposeiiig of any of ye way or land before mentioned." Pecker's wharf was near the mouth of Mill Brook ; and the Plain Gate, as near as we can judge, was near the present house of Eev. Mr. Kecly. The summer of 1749 was remarkable, on account of a very severe drought. This was attended with swarms of caterpillars, and other de- vouring insects, and caused great distress in Xew England. The heat and dryness was so severe, that the ground cracked in many places, and where pieces of broken glass lay on the surface, it caught fire. Not more than a tenth of the usual crop of hay was cut ; and much was imported from Pennsylvania, and even from England. June 9th was observed as a gen- eral Fast on account of the drought ; and August 14th as a day of Thanksgiving for a plentiful rain. ' From the time of the settlement of the difiicultics between the proprie- tors and the non-proprietors of the common and undivided lands, (in 1724) down to, and including 1751, the former were largely occupied in disposing of their remaining lands. The lands in the extreme northwest part of the town, known as the "fifth division," and the tract north of the village, known as the "Cow Common," were the last large bodies of land • E«T. Ur. Frendu'* Ma. mSTOKY OF HAVERHILL. to be disposed of. The remainder were in detached pieces, scattered here and there about the town, many of them quite small. In 1739, forty' seven such parcels were disposed of, many of them being given to parties applying for them, whether they chanced to be proprietors or otherwise. Among the last lands to be disposed of, was the strip lying between what is now called Water Street and the river, and extending from the .present bridge to Mill Brook. A few small lots of this had been previously dis- posed of, but most of it yet belonged to the proprietors, until the year 1751, when there seems to have been quite a rush for lots " to build a wharf." Enoch Bartlett led off with a petition for land enough to build a wharf fifty feet long " against the house of Joshua Bayley Esq." (This was the first lot below the present bridge.) Joseph Greelee followed, ask- ing for a lot for the same purpose " between Richard Hazzen's grant and Capt Eastman's wharfe." Then came John Sawyer for a small piece "between Capt Pecker's or White's wharf and ye ferry place." (Pecker's wharf was near the easterly end of the street.) After him, Symond Greenouch made application for a piece " against his dwelling house." Then came Nathaniel Cogswell, for three rods wide " on ye south of his house; " Abner Kimball, for a lot " between Capt Pecker's and ye ferry place ; " Nathaniel Peaslee, for one " near Capt Eastman's wharf; " Sam- uel Blodgett, for one near the same place ; and last, but not the least, Eeubcn Currier desired one in the same favorite locality. These applica- tions were all for land and liberty " to build a wharf," and they were all granted ; though, from the fact that Thomas Haynes, Ebenezer Carleton, and Nathan AVcbstcr " dissented, and forbid the granting or selling of any more land on the river," it 'appears that some of the proprietors thought these eligible lots were being disposed of altogether too freely. Besides these grants of land for wharves, some of the lots were also disposed of to John Watts, Deacon James Ayer, and others, for building purposes ; and Kichard Hazzen had given him a lot on the river, below Mill Brook, for a " building yard." His bound commenced " on the road, four rods east of Mill Bridge, and thence four rods east," and extending to the river. Hazzen was at this time a resident of Hampstead, but from the above, it would seem that he was about to engage in ship-building in this town. Jonathan Buck, at the same time, petitioned for "a ship yard near the burying place," but was refused. Buck was afterward (1759) granted all the rights and privileges the proprietors had in the Mill Brook, " below the Great Eoad." Buck then owned the land on the west side of the brook, and a Mr. Morley owned that on the east side. The former soon 334 HISTORY OP HAVERHILL. after removed to Maine, and was one of the founders of tte town of Bucks- port, where he has descendants still living. Mr. Buck lived, while in this town, in the gambrel-roofed house nearly opposite the residence of Deacon Samuel Chase, on Water Street, and which was afterward occupied by his eon, who was quite a famous hunter. The above facts, taken in connection with those already given in rela- tion to the building of vessels, clearly indicate the date when the first considerable attention was given to commerce by the inhabitants of the town. From this time, until the breaking out of the Ecvolution, this branch of business rapidly increased, until Haverhill became one of the most important and extensive interior commercial towns in the State. The subject of schools in the parishes was again brought to the attention of the town this year, (1751) and it was finally voted that a grammar school should be kept in each parish four months in the year. Probably one of the most effective reminders of their duty in this direction, just at this time, was the intimation of a summons to appear at Salem Court and answer to a " presentment " for not being provided with a" grammer school master." The above vote did not, however, save them from the latter, as we find that the next spring Nathaniel Peaslee, Esq., was chosen to appear and answer such a presentment against the town. In 1752, the inhabitants of the town were greatly alarmed by the ap- pearance of the small-pox in the neighboring towns, and John Cogswell and Samuel White were appointed to assist the selectmen to use every method to prevent its entrance into the^ town. A set of constables were also chosen to serve such wan-ants as should be issued for that purpose. When we consider that, although this loathsome disease is now much bet- ter understood, and far less fatal than formerly, the people of the present day are yet always greatly excited and alarmed at its approach, we need not be surprised that our ancestors took the most vigorous measures to protect themselves from infection. But notwithstanding their precautions, the disease at length found its way into the town, and in 1755-6, several persons died with it."^ Before closing our notice of the year 1752, we ought, perhaps, to refer to the change in computing time which was made this year, and which originated th'e terms " Old Style " and "New Style." When this country was first settled, the usual manner of writing dates was by numbering the months. March was the first month, and the 25th of March, being Lady Day, or Annunciation of the Church, was the first o The disease again made its appearance in 1757, when we find that the house of Timothy Eaton was med as a " pest bouM." HISTORY OF HAVERHILL. 836 day of the year. Subsequently, the practice of numherlng the months was discontinued, but, until 1752, the year still commenced with the 25th of March. In 1751, the British Parliament, by statute, provided that the then next first day of January should be reckoned to be the first day of the year 1752, and that the day following the second of September, 1752, should be called the fourteenth, thus omitting eleven intermediate nominal days. By that act, bissextile, or leap-years, are established every fourth year, excepting each hundredth year, and of each hundredth year every fourth is to be a leap-year, of three hundred and sixty-six days, commenc- ing with the year 2000. The manner of computing time, (to 1751) commonly called the Julian Calendar, had been in use from the time of the general Council of Nice, A. D. 325. By the Julian Calendar every fourth year was a leap-year of three hundred and sixty-six days, which calendar was discovered to be erroneous, as the spring equinox, which at the time of the Council of Nice, in 325, happened on or about the 21st of March, did happen in 1751, about the 9th or 10th of the same month ; hence the necessity of omitting the eleven nominal days in September. 1752. The correction of the calendar, made by Pope Gregory XIII, in 1582, was immediately adopted in all Catholic countries, although not established in England until 1752. From the latter cause arose the custom of indica- ting the change by the use of double dates between the first of January and the t^oenty -fifth of March in each year, thus, — January 1, 1751-2. • A striking omission in the town records of the time of which we write, is found in the fact that, from the year 1729 to 1770, no mention is made of the election of Eepresentatives to the General Court, although it is an indisputable fact that such were regularly chosen. The records frequently refer to them, but never to their election. In 1753, a tax was laid by the government on coaches, chariots, chaises, calashes, and riding chairs. "We presume the following table, giving the number of each in this town, as officially returned, will not prove unin- teresting : — Coaches, Chariots, Chaises, Calashes, Biding Chairs, 1753 1 7 1754 1 9 1755 18 1756 13 1757 15 836 HISTORY OF HAVERHILIft Probably wc cannot give a more truthful, as well as vivid idea of the general stjic, and appearance of the ordinary "calash," which was almost the only light, or pleasure carriage, in the town one hundred years ago, than by comparing it to a very clumsy old fashioned wagon-seat, set upon an equally clumsy pair of low wagon-wheels, with shafts attached. Those impromptu affairs that we now occasionally see, are a decided improve- ment over those of "a hundred years ago," in every respect, — except, perhaps, a platform for the feet to rest upon. Chaises, of which there was a solitary one in town at this time, were those large and heavy wheeled, square-topped vehicles, of which the " old- est inhabitant " has, perhaps an indistinct recollection. . They were in the possession of only a few of the " most respectable " and wealthy people, and were only made use of to ride to meeting on the Sabbath, and on great and important occasions. Mr. Nathan Webster, now living, remembers (about 1796) when there were but two in all the West Parish. These were owned by the two Dea- cons of the church — Deacon Moses Webster and Deacon Eaton. Soon afterward, the minister, Eev. Mr. Adams, purchased one. At that time, the most common, and indeed the almost universal mode of travel- ling, was on horseback. Thus the farmer rode to mill, or "to town," on a week-day ; and, on the Sabbath, with his good wife on the pillion behind him, — and perhaps a child in the arms of each, — he leisurely and sob- erly jogged to meeting on his faithful and steady "Old Dobbin." The women rode on horseback to the village, to do their " trading." Mr. Webster remembers counting " twenty-four in one troop" as they were thus riding by his father's house, on their way to town, — " chattering like a flock of blackbirds ! " Wagons were unknown until about 1800, or later. In that year, Eobert Hamilton, of Conway, Mass., built a one-horse wagon, and claimed it to be the first one in America, and himself the inventor. As late as 1810, such carriages were nowise common, swid it was not until about 1820 that they came into general use. The first carriage said to be built in America, was made in Dorchester, Mass., by a man named White, for a private gentleman in Boston. It was copied from an English chariot, though made much lighter. But on account of the difficulty of procuring material, and high wages, they were long afterward ordered from England and France. In 1754, the town for the first time voted to raise a specific amount of money for the repair of the highways. The sum fixed upon was one hundred pounds. Two shillings a day were allowed fot a man, and the HISTORY OF HATEEHILL. 337 same for oxen " with a good cart or plow," or eighteen pence for oxen alone. The apparent difference between these prices and those previously voted to be paid, is explained by the fact of a change in the kind of cur- rency most in use at these several periods. At the same time, a similar proposition was made in regard to school money, but it was rejected. The next year, however, the proposition was renewed, and this time it was carried. Fifty pounds were appropriated for the support of the schools the current year ; and it was voted to allow the parishes their proportion of the school money. From and after this time, except the years 1761 to 1764, inclusive, the school in the First Parish was kept all the year round. Previous to 1761, it was termed a " Grammer School." In 1765, it was called an " English School," and " only Peading, Writing, & Cyphering," were taught in it. The summer of 1755, was one of "excessive heat and drought;" in consequence of which there was a great scarcity of hay and provisions, and prices were very high. So serious was the condition of things, that a Fast was ordered by the General Court. Happily, refreshing rains soon followed, and the autumn harvest was unexpectedly productive. On the 18th of November, of the same year, occurred the most violent earthquake ever known in North America. "It continued about four and a half minutes. In Boston, about one hundred chimnies were levelled with the roofs of the houses, and about fiaeen hundred shattered, and thrown down in part. There was a shock every d ly till the twenty-second." Th3 simc year and m^nth, is also memorable for the terrible earthquake which destroyed Lisbon. The proprietors of the common and undivided lands in the town, having disposed of nearly every foot of land belonging to them, were now about dissolving their organization. Their work was nearly finished. No meet- ing was held from September 5, 1755, to November 20, 1758, and from the latter date, to 1763, there were but few meetings, and but little business transacted. In April of the latter year, Joshua Sawyer petitioned them '• for liberty to. flow and draw ye water off ye Great Pond," and Bavra- chias Farnam requested leave to build a mill on the brook, on his own land, and an equal privilege to flow and draw the Pond with Sawyer. The record does not show that either petition was granted. In July a meeting was called, at which some business was done and an adjournment made to October 10th. This proved to be the last meeting of the proprie- tors, and as a fitting close to our history of their doings through the long 43 « 838 HISTOET OF HAVERHILI.. period of their active organization, we copy the entire record 'of the last named date : — " Essex Ss Haverhill October 10. A D 1763. This being the time to which ye Props meeting was adjourned. The moderator did not come, and so this meeting ended of course. Att Nathl Peaslee Sargeant Props Clerk." In the year 1759, Samuel Blodgett erected " pot and pearl ash" works on Mill Brook. They were among the first in the country, and continued in successful operation for some years. In 1760, the town granted John Swett a lease of the ferry at Holt's Eocks for ten years. This ferry had for forty years previous to that time been kept by his father. About this time, settlements began to extend rapidly toward the north and east — particularly the latter. Early in the year last named, several Haverhill men were granted six townships in the Province of Maine, between the Penobscot and St. Croix Eivers.* In 17G1, the crops of grain in Eastern Massachusetts were mostly de- stroyed by a severe drought, so that many families were out of com and rye before the winter was half gone. In this emergency, Joseph Haynes, of the West Parish, made a journey to Connecticut, on horseback, to make arrangements to obtain a supply for the needy in the town. Having agreed with the store-keepers at Hartford, Wethersfield, and vicinity, to collect a quantity for him, he returned home. In a few weeks he again went on, loaded a vessel with corn, and sailed for Haverhill, where he arrived safely with his precious cargo. Several persons oflPered him his price per bushel, and take the whole cargo, but he declared he did not buy it to speculate on himself, and that nobody else should have it for that purpose. He sold the cargo in parcels, not exceeding five bushels each, and only to those who actually needed it for food, or for seed. Such an act well deserves honorable mention in a history of the town. Sometime in the summer of 1763, the bridge over Little Ejver near the present flannel factory, was rebuilt. The following materials were required for the job : Two gallons and three quarts of rum, two and a half pounds of " Shugar," one hundred and twenty-one feet of two-inch plank, one hundred and thirty feet of two and a half inch plank, and twenty feet of white oak timber. The first article was doubtless used for hracing. ° David Marsh, Enoch Bartlet, Isaac Osgood, Jonathan Buck, James Duncan, James McHard. " and others." Buck was the only one of the petitioners named, who actually settled on the lands. In June, 1775, he, with other inhabitants of Belfast, Majaliigwaduce, and Benjamin's River, applied to the Pro- vincial Congress for a supply of corn and ammunition, of which they wore in great want. The Congress Tot«d them a supply of arms and ammunition, and two hundred bushels of nidian corn. HISTORY OF HAVERHILL. 339 At tlie annual meeting in 1764, the proposition to divide the parsonage lands among the four parishes was again negatived. Previous to 1765, there had been but one church, one meeting-house, and one mode or form of religious worship in each of the parishes ; and but one form or standard of religious faith. The "established church '\in the town, and indeed in the colony, was the " orthodox congregational " church. This was emphatically " the religion of the State," and it Was not until more than a century after the establishment of the Massachusetts and Plymouth colonies that any ot^cr system was even tolerated. But the attempt to oblige men to any particular form, or doctrine, produced in time the very state of things which was so much feared by the founders of these colonies. New doctrines were proposed, believed, and taught, and new sects arose, despite of the most stringent laws against them, and in the face of even persecution itself. Among the earliest of the sects which sprang up in Massachusetts and claimed recognition as such, were the Baptists. From an obscure begin- ning they gradually worked their way until the disciples of the new doctrine were numbered by thousands, among whom were some of the ablest minds of that time. One of these was Kev. Hezekiah Smith, a man of rare powers as a preacher, and who became an acknowledged leader in the "New Light" movement. He visited Haverhill in the fall of 1764, and labored with such success that a church of " Separatists," or as they soon came to be called, " Baptists," was organized the following spring, and immediately proceeded to build themselves a meeting-house. So rapid ■was the growth of the new church, that in less thaii three years it num- bered over one hundred members. As we give a particular account of this church in another place, we pass over it for the present without further notice. 340 HISTORY OF nATEftniLl* CHAPTEll XXL THE FRENCH "\VAK. 175G TO 1763. After a very short period of actual peace between the French an(3 English in North America, the New England colonists were again thrown into a state of anxiety and distress by another war against France. The war actually commenced in 1754, though not formally declared till Maj', 175G. Early in the spring of 170'), preparations were made by the colo- nies for vigorous and extensive operations against the enemy. Four expeditions were planned : — one against the French in Nova Scotia; a second against the French on the Ohio ; a third against Crown Point ; and a fourth against Niagara. In the expedition to Nova Scotii were a number of Haverhill men, but, for the reasons given in another place, we are un:;ble to give their name?/ This expedition resulted in the surrender of sevei-al of the French forts in that province, and in the dispersion of the "neutral French." This last act deserved, and has receiA'ed, the severest condemnation. Four hundred and eighteen inoflfonsive people were kidnapped, and over seven thousand were transported, and their property confiscated. And, as if this was not enough, families xoere separated, and transported in different ships to widely separated parts of the country ! Devils incarnate could not have devised a more cruel scheme. About one thousand of these poor Acadians were landed in Boston, at the opening of winter. These gradually became dispersed among the towns in Massachusetts. Many of them fell upon the towns for support. This town, in 1759, paid twelve pounds, ten shillings, toward supporting eight of them, who had been assigned the town as its proportion to support. These eight persons were all women and children. In the expedition to Crown Foiut were the following from this town : — ■ At Lake George, November 22, 1755, were Nathan Merrill, John Pres- ley, Filbrick Colbey, and Nathan Page. In a Cluster Poll, (dated Felraary 24, 1756,) of "men who went ta Albany," we find nearly an ert're company from this town. The follow- ing are the names, with the time of eiit:ring and leaving the service : — Edmund Mooers, Capt, entered Apl 4, 1755, Discharged Jan 5 175& Jonathan Duston, Ensign " " " " " Dec 12 1755 Daniel Mooers, Serjt " " 12 " " Oct 18 " Michael Amy, Corp " "8 " " *' 15 " HISTORY OF HAVERHILt. 341 entered May 6 " Apl 7 (k) " " 1755, discharMd Oct. 22 1775 Apl 12 " 15 " 2G " 29 May 2 " 14 " 14 Dec 12 Sep 8 Dec 12 .< i. "15 Oct 9 Dec 12 " 15 Oct 22 Dec 15 << >< << << Oct 9 Dec 15 Oct 24 Dec 12 " 15 " 12 iDaniel GriflSn, Corp. Bartho Pecker, Private "•■ Joseph Brown " James Clement " Wm Towusend " Wm Pell Page Harriman " Joseph Bayley " David Eaton " Samuel Ordway " Samuel Staples " John Frink " Samuel Thompson " Joua Haszeltine " Stephen Woodward " James Emerson Jr " Moses Eaton " Daniel Williams " Timothy Clements " Joshua Corliss " " ♦' " " '« " >' " In the company of Captain Samuel Gerrish, of Newbury, were the fol- lowing from Haverhill : — Jonathan Sergent, Serjt, entered Sept 15, 1755, Dischd Dec 17, Joseph Silliway, " Bradbury Morrison, Clerk, Amos Currier, Drummer Austin George Private William Guy, " Zechariah Huuniford " Abiel Knight " Jona Dustan " - William Emerson " Philbrook Colby Eleazer Smith " Barton Pollard " "NYm Middleton • " In the company of Captain Henry Ingalls, of Andover, were James Emerson, Private, entered Oct 3, Dischd Doc 13 Peter Fling " «< << << << << ig ° The letter (k) annexed to his name, signifiw killed. 1755 Nov 27 " Dec 17 " 842 HISTORY OP HAVERHILL. In the return of Captain James Eichardson's company, under date of May 0, 175G, we find the following from this town: — •' Lewis Kicker (miner), Ephraim Perry, Daniel Williams, Stephen Heath ) , . , John Dow, "NVm Kimball ) Joshua Perey.f Edmund Pillsbury, Philbrook Colby, In the "Muster Eoll of Men raised in 1756 for the Expedition to Crown Point," in Colonel Saltonstall's regiment, we find the following from Haverhill. They all enlisted previous to April 15th : — Thomas Worthing, Asa Gile, Oliver Page, Moses Merrill, Capt Edmund Mooers, Lt James Russell, John Frink, John Presley, Edmund Black, William Middleton, William Hoyt, James Hide, John Ingerfield, Nathan Page, Moses Eams, Oliver Page, Peter Ingerfield, Moses Stickney, Philbrook Colby, Daniel AVilliams, Nathl Smith, Samuel Foster. Edmund Pillsberry, Benj Howard, John Burrel, Lt Moses Hazzen, Moses Clark, Lt Nathan Baker, Zebediah Sergeant, Bartholomew Pecker, Asa Guile, In the Muster Roll of "Major Saltonstall's Company of Impressed Men," April, 1756, we find the following Haverhill men: — Samuel Haseltine, Joshua Page, Samuel Ayer, Joseph Emerson, Joseph Haseltine, Ithamore Emerson, John Coon, Moses Merril, John Emerson Jr, From documents accompanying the above, it appears that fifty men were called for, for that particular service, but ninety-five were enlisted. The number wanted were selected from the whole number enlisted. The following were selected from Haverhill : — Lt Moses Hazzen, "^ NaThTsm^' I from Col Saltonstall's Comp Moses Clark, J Samuel Ayer, Joshua Page, Ithamore Emerson, John Emerson Jur, - from Maj Saltonstall's Comp. • From these returns, it will be seen that the same names were not unfrequently reported in several different companies the same year. This is explained by the fact that they enlisted from time to time for a particular service, and for short periods. To take up each name separately, and give the times and places of service, would require more space than we can afford to spare for that purpose, and we therefore give the names as we find them, and leave to those particularly interested, the task of tracing out the entire period of service of individual soldiers. t Joshua Perry was in Captain Hodge's company, on the west side of the lake, when an attack wai made by the enemy, and all of his company, except himself and four others, were killed or captoied. HISTORY OF HAVERHILL. 343 In the Muster Koll of Captain Timothy Parker's company, at Fort Edward,* July 26, 1756, were the following who give this town as their last place of residence, though not all of them were born here : — Jeams Russell, Ens, Silas Flood, cordwainer John Con, Samuel Hog, cordwainer Edmund Pillsbury, Timothy Page, Jethrew Clugf, Moses Merrill, Philbrook Colby, Black- Asa Gile, Thomas AVorthen, smith, Oliver Page, Joshua Perre, Blacksmith Daniel Williams. In the company of Jonathan Pearson, at the same time and place, was William Perry, boat-builder. In the company of Captain James Parker were Samuel Currier, Serjt, aged 43, Joyner James Silver, " " 33, Cordwainer Timothy Ingalls, Private, " 36, Trader James Emerson, " " 45, Husbandman In Captain Edmund Mooers' company were Capt Edmund Mooers, Cordwainer Lt, Moses Hazzen aged 23 Tanner Serjt, Micah Amy yeoman Clark, Samuel Poster aged 18 Taylor Private Daniel Eoberds " 56 Laborer " Benj Black Mason " Wm Hoyt Tanner ** Page Harrimen Carpenter " Samuel Ayers, aged 28 Tanner Soon afterward, the above company was stationed at Fort William Henry,f and from a Muster Poll dated October 11, 1756, we find in addi- tion to the above names, those of Christopher Connely, Jonathan Harris, Jonathan Blaisdell, and John Pressey. The return of Captain Stephen Webster's company, at Fort W^illiam Henry, dated August 9, 1756, gives the following Haverhill names: — Gideon Challis, Serjt, agd39, b in Amesbury, now of Haverhill, carpenter John Burrill, Corp, " 31, " Lynn, " Moses Clements ^ c i *. Prove Trcacurcr iu Boston j Daniel Johnson ) ^ t^ ^^^ Cornelius Johnson f tt ^ .1 -it Enoch Bartlet J George Wctherby out of the first Company." For a well written account of the disastrous campaign of 175 G, in which so manj'^ Haverhill men were engaged, we would refer the reader to Barry's excellent History of Massachusetts. -Before the clcs3 of the year 1756, the party which had mismanaged affairs for over forty years w-ent out of power, and William Titt, the early and devoted friend of America, assumed the reins which had fallen from the hands of the Duke of Newcastle, From this time, the affairs of the war assumed a new aspect. A military council was held in Boston in Jan- uary, 1757, at which it was decided to attempt the reduction of Canada, and- of the four thousand men levied on New England, Massachusetts was to furnish eighteen hundred. These were all mustered before the last of March, and ready for service. From the Muster Bolls of these forces, we learn that the following Hav- erhill men were engaged in the expedition : — Jan 26, 1757, in Capt Robert Roger's company, John McCurdy, clerk. Feb 8th, in Capt Jona Bagley's Comjiauy, Peter Johnson, armorour. Feb 13, in Capt Stephen Miller's Comp (at Boston) were Corp Thomas Tompson, Allen Greenough, Gideon George (son of David), Joshua Young. Feb 16th, in Timothy Euggles's Eegiment, Major Richard Saltonstall. Feb 17, in Lt Col James Frye's Company (at Boston) wei-e Jona Urine, James Emerson, Simon Aj-ers. Jonathan Simonds, Isaac Foster, Joseph Emerson. Daniel Hazclton, Jonathan Hazelton, John Eastman, John Emerson, Below we give the name of every man enrolled in the militia in this town in the spring of 1757. The list, of course, includes the name of every man in the town, not exempt from military duty: — "A List of the first Company in Haverhill. Lieut Benja Gale, "Wm Greenleaf, Oliver Sawyer. Ens Joseph Eager, David .Marsh, Sergeants Drummers Daniel Appleton, John Avers, James Pearson, Jacob Ayei:, SamuerSheppard, Nathan ^.yer. I HISTORY OF HAVEKHILL. 347 TetcT Ayer, Enoch Bartlit, Enoch Eager, Nathaniel Eager, Isaac Eradly Junr, John Baker, Nathl Ealch, Edmund Elack, William Briant, Michael Bodwell, John Cogswell Jun> Samuel Clement, Stephen Cross, Samuel Calf, Isaac Chase, Ezra Cottle, Peter Clement, John McCasling, Joshua Dustin, Isaac Dow, Ezra Tucker, Bartholome Perkins, Mark Emerson, Thomas Whitaker, Nehemiah Emerson, Samuel Eames, Pilchard Emerson, David Eaton, Moses Eames, Josiah Fulsom, Eowel Foot, John Farnham, Joseph Flagg, Benja Foules, Samuel Gale, Daniel Gale, Ephraim Gile, Asa Gile, Samuel Gile, John Bointon, Symonds Greenough, Stephen Gullishan, Austin George, Jonathan George, Thomas Gage, -John Gile, >.«^ Job Gage, John Hall, John Hall Jun, Nathaniel Hall Charles Haddock, Stephen Harriman, Joel Heariman, Nathl Johnson, Timothy Kezer, Benja Leach, Dudley Ladd, Henry Lebeter, Moses Marsh, Enoch Mai'sh,!/' Nathl Marsh. Silvanus Heath, James Simonds, Benja Moors, Cornelius Mansise, Ammiruhama Moore, Thomas McHard, Israel Morrill, 'vYilliara Middleton, Jacob Nicholls Samuel Middieton, David Newhal Jun, Benja Poor, Samuel Pears, Edmund Pilsbry, Edward Eusscl, Ebenezer Bussel, David Euuuils, "Winslow Eichardson, Nathl Eedington, Daniel Eedington, John Stuard, " The Alarm List/-* .the Eev Edward Barnard Timothy White Cler, Samuel White Esqr, John White Cler, James McHard Esqr, Capt Edward Moors, John Sawyer, Jonathan Sawyer, Jeremy Stickney, John Smyly, Solomon Springer, Joshua Springer, Jonathan Simons Jur John Straw, Eichard Simons, Isaac Snow, Peter Sanders, Moses Smith, Samuel Shackford, Thomas West, Nathl Walker, Thomas Whittier, Timothy White Jur, John ^Vhite, Joseph Whitaker, Jonathan Webster, Samuel Whiting, Nathl Cogswell, Ebenezer Gage, Samuel Johnson, Jonathan Shepard, Nathan Simond, Ezekiel Wilson, Jonathan Sargant, Daniel Moores, Samuel Gile, Peter Ingerfield, Eichard Emerson, Samuel Forster, Cutting Marsh, James Sawyer, William Chase, - Elisha Moody, Samuel Midleton, James Calfe, Maxe Haseltine. Lieut Nathan Baker, Ens James Eussell, Ens John Frink, ° The Alarm List includes all between the ages ot sixteen and sixty years of age, who were exempt from ordinarj- military duty. Upon extraordiaary emeigencies. these weie liable to be called out to do 4uty in their own town. 348 HrSTORT OF HATERHItt, Pn Benja Clement, Du David Marsh, David Aycr. Jonathoii Buck, BcDJa Baker, Moses Clement, John Cogswell, James Dunkin, John Eaton, "William George, Dr. Stephen Huse, James Leacount, David Newell, Isaac Osgood Cler, Dr James Pecker, AVilliam Swanton, Nathl Eolfc- Stephen Herimafl/ Lieut John liusseil, Dr Cast, James Cook, Nathl Pcasly Sergeant, Jacob "Willard, Mathcw Soley, Dr John Husc, John Miillcian, Joshua Swyer, David Farnum, Lieut Moses Hazzen, Timothy Clement, Dn David Marsh, Haverhill April ISth 1757. Attest Samuel Appleton Clerk."^ " A List of the Second foot Company in Haverhill, whereof Major Richard Saltonstall Esq is Capt. First Lieut Nehemiah Bradly, Daniel Bradly, Joshua Emery Junr, Second Lieut Benja Eaton, Timothy Emerson, John Emery, Ens John Mitchell, Sergants Jonathan Emerson, Jonathan Webster, Samuel "Watts, Nathl Dustin, Corporals Ebcnczer Baly, James Haseltinc, Samuel Haseltine, Joseph I'^mcrson, Drumers Moses Bradly, AYiUiam Ladd, Soldiers Eichard Bayly, Amos Balv, AVilliam Baly, Daniel Bradly, Amos Bradly, Nathl Bradly, George Corlice, Joseph Corlice, Samuel Clcmont, Micah Emerson, Jonathan Emerson Jr, Peter Emerson, Joseph Eaton, Joseph Hanes, Nathan Heaseltine, Joseph Hale, John Flezer, Ezekiel Ladd, Ebenezer Mitchell, Enoch Marble, Samuel Merrill, Joseph Hill Ordway, "William Page, Nathan Parely, John Smith, John Smith Junr, • Samuel Silver, John Silver Jun, John Stuart, Thomas Merril, Samuel C'ronnid, Timothy Eaton, John Swadock Corlice, John Goss, Benja Ordiway, Daniel Ladd Jun, Toothaker Webster Em- erson, Amy Euhamy Hayns, Ebenezer Baly Jun, David Bradley, Timothy Emerson Jun, James Webster, Edward Ordiway, -^ oseph Emerson 2d, Jonathan Harrice, Joseph Atward, Thomas Spear, Jacob Woodard Jonathan Sheppard Jun, Nathliel Clark, F tevenc Webster 3d, James Atwood, John Hastings, John Symouds, David Harrice, Daniel Heath, AVilliam Hutchings, William Mitchell, AVilliam Bradly, Jeremiah Haseltine, Peter Carlcton, James Kimball, Jonathan Dustin Jun, Samuel Bradly, James Emerson Jun, Jonathan Heaseltine, Enoch Johnson, Jonathan Simonds, Samuel Aycr, Peter Aycr Jun, David Hayues, Jeremiah Hutchings, Samuel Lovckin, John Heaseltine, James Merrill, Joshua Corlice, Asa Lacid, John Emerson Jun, Humphry Baly, Daniel Griffing, Joseph Heaselate, Josiah Brown, Thomas Whitteker, John Bradly, Joshua Emery, Josiah Emerson, HISlORT OF HAVERHILI,. ^Samuel Celley,-^ Page Herimon, Daniel Heaseltine, Peter Page, Moses Webster, Moses Merrill, James Eaton Jun, -* Ithemore Emerson, Obediah Belknap, Moses Eaton, Samuel Ordiway, Pilchard Kelley, Amous Emersen, Elezer Emerson, The Alarm List. 349 Jonathan Eaton 2d, Abel Page, Peter Webster,* Enos Webster, Isaac Webster, ^ Simon Ayer, Samuel Webster, Daniel Ladd,— John Emerson, John Jaquish, Samuel Whitteker, John Marble, James Emerson. Ebcnezer Webster, Jonathan Herriman, Amos Page, David Merrill, Eevd Samuel Batchelder Nathaniel Clemonts, Dn William Ayer, Bradly Mitchel, Dn Stephen Webster, William Boarmon, Ens Stephen Whitteker, Stephen Gage, Jonathan Marsh, John Clemonts, Jeremiah Bayly, Thomas Webster, Haverhill April 14th 1757 attest Richard Ayer Clcr." " A List of the third foot Company in Haverhill. Capt Daniel Johnson, Lieut Ruben Currier, Ens Ezra Chase, Sergants Robert Hunkins, Joseph Kelley, Lewis Page, Ebenezer Colby, Drummer Amos Currier, Samuel Ayer, Samuel Bradbury, Sanders Bradbury, Thomas Bretman, Calib Currier Jun, Isaac Colby, Theophelous Colby, Ebenezer Chase, Ruben Currier Junr, Samuel Davies, John Davies, Amos Davies, Moses Eaton, Nathaniel Edwards, Samuel Esterbrooks, Samuel Elee, John Edwards, Gedion Gcoi'ge, David George, Gedion George Jun, Samuel George, William George, Joseph Grelee Jur, Stephen Gale, AVilliam Guie, Thomas Hunkings, Robert Hastings, jVIaverick Johnson, Seth Johnson, Timothy Johnson, John Jcifers Daniel Morison, Samuel JMorisou, Henry Morse, Samuel Page, John Partridge, AVilliam Page, Samuel Sanders, John Sanders, Joseph Silliway, Timothy Sweat, Timothy Smith, Benja Sanders, Heny Sargent, Samuel Sergant, Ebenezer Wood, Nathaniel Whittier. (> Peter Webster, Natbl Sanders, and Avery Sanders, w^c taken prisoners at Furt Wm. Henry in 1757. 350 HISTORY OP HAVERHILL. " The Alarm List. Eevd Benja Parlrer, Thomas Cotle Benja Grelcc, Joseph Grelee, John Morse, Jacob Sanders, ' John George, Ebenezer Whittier, Joseph Nickels, Haverhill March 17, 1757 attest Eichard Colby Cler." From the above Rolls, it will be seen that the First Company was com- posed of residents of the First Parish ; the Second, of those belonging in the "West Parish ; and the Third, of those in the East Parish. On the 3 1 st of July, Gov. Pownall received information by express that Montcalm, with a large force of French and Indians, was moving to besiege Fort AVilliam Henry. He immediately hastened to forward re- inforcements and supplies, but before they had reached their destination, the gallant commander had been compelled to surrender. He did not yield, however, until half his guns were burst, and his amunition was expended. The Indians, with their usual ferocity, fell upon his troops after they were disarmed ; and, in the slaughter which ensued, six hun- dred dispersed among the woods and fled to Fort Edward, whither they were followed by their comrades, one after another. Immediately upon the above alarm, a detachment from each of the three companies in this town was ordered to march to the relief of the be- sieged garrison. Below we give the returns made for the first and third companies ; that for the second we have been unable to find : — ♦* A Muster Eoll of a Detachment out of the first Fpot Company in Haverhill, Commanded by Joseph Badger Junr, Ensign of said Company, out of Lieut Coll John Osgood's Eegiment, that marched on the last alarm, for the relief of Fort "William Henry, as far as "Worcester — August ye 16th 1757. Ens Joseph Badger Jun Joel Harriman, Elisha Moodey, Privates Thomas "Whitaker, AYilliam Farnam, Daniel Appelton, Nathaniel Ecddington, Samuel Eames, Moses Marsh, Jonathan George, Asa Guile, Timothy White Jun, John Baker, Benjamin Harris, Samuel Middclton, Stephen Cross, Israel Morrill, Samuel Middelton Jun, Nathaniel Johnson Jun, Michael Bowden, "Wintrop Bagley, Asa Tucker, Moses Ames, John Knapp, Jeremiah Sticknee, Benjamin Fowler." Aaron Sargent, Edward Eussell, Timothy Kezar, Isaac Dow, " A Muster Eoll of a Detachment out of the Third Foot Company in Haverhill Commanded by Eeuben Currier Lieut of said Com- niSTOKT OP HAVERHILt. SBf pany out of Lieut Coll John Osgood's Ecgement that marched on the Last alarm for the Keiief of Fort AVilliam Henry as far as Worcester, August 16: 1757. Lieut Eeuben Currier, Timothy Johnson, Thomas Butman, John Sanders, Asa Currier, Calib Currier, Ebenezer Wood, David Morison, William Page." Amos Davice, Henry Morse, All the above, except Israel Morrill, (who was in service only three days) were in service nine days, eight of which were occupied in travelling to and from Worcester. They were "impressed" August 15th, and received two shillings and eight pence a day, each. Since writing the above, we have found, among the papers relating to the Reduction of Canada, the following roll of names, which, we think, must be the missing list of those detached from the second foot company at this time : — John Osgood, Lt Coll 2d foot Company, Maj Richard Saltonstall Capt, Daniel Bradly 1st Lt, James Haseltine Cornet, Joseph Haynes, Timothy Emerson 2d do Saml Haseltine " Toothaker Webster, John Mitchel Ens, Joseph Emerson " Jonathan Marsh, Jonathan Webster Serjt, Henry Bailey " Xathl Clement, Nathl Dustin " Moses Bradly Drum John Clement, Saml Watts " Wm Ladd " Bradly Mitchell, Jonathan Emerson " David Haynes, Jonathan Harriman, Ammi R Haynes, Rev Saml Batcheldor. Of the Haverhill men " in the capitulation," of August 9, we can only find the following : — In Capt Richard Saltonstall's Company : Richard Saltonstall, Capt, entd Feb 12, dischgd Nov 7, 1757 Isaac Chase, Corp, " Mar 16, " Oct 23, " Edmund Black, private, " " 22, «' " " In the list of names of those "not in the capitulation," we find the following" : — Jonathan Blaisdell, private, entd Mar 15, Dischgd Sept 29 Philbrook Coleby, " " " 2\ , deserted] m ^Q^t Joshua Perry, " " " 14, Dischgd Dec 3 Thomas Stone, Corp, " " 21, " Nov 17 Early in 1758, large preparations were made for a vigorous campaign. Three expeditions were planned, — the Jirst to besiege Louisburg, the ° The date of the list is December 23, 1757. .t Among the one hundred and thirty-three deserters from the Massachusetts forces in the year 1757. we find only this Haverhill ua^e I 852 HISTORY OF HAVERHILL.- second to scour the Ohio valley, and the third to proceed against Ticonder- oga and Crown Point, — all of them having in view as a grand object and aim, the reduction of Canada. The following gleanings fi-om the muster rolls of this year show that our town was well represented in the campaign : — "EETURN of the Men inlisted for his Majesty's Service within the Province of the Massachusetts Bay in the Kegiment whereof John Osgood Jun, Esq : is Colonel, to be put under the immediate Command of Hig Excellency JEFFRY AMHERST, Esqr: General and Commander in Chief of His Majesty's Forces in North America, for the Invation of CANADA." NAMES. "William Atwood James Scamons ...... Samuell Middleton. .. David Farnum Benja Fowle Wm Richardson Ebenezer Kimball . . . ■ Obediah Page Wm Clements George Hadly , Sampson French .... Joshua Springer. . . . , Philbrook Colby Jackson West , Joshua Heath William Cook Sampson French Jur . Joseph Morse STohn Guile James Rix Timothy Johnson. . . Benja Hunkings, ... Caleb Currier William Page. . . .-. Michel Page Joseph Osilaway .... Moses AVorthien, .... William Farmer. .. . , g.2 cj L4 ■ .G 2 .og M (Sc f:= Where Resident. Apl Mar Apl Mar Apl Mar Apl Mar Apl Mar I Apl iMar jApl G Hav erhill 6 28 1758 L. George 28 (< 28 '» 29 << 2 <' 28 " 2 <( 28 " 28 1757 29 " 4 << 28 «' 28 (i 31 (< 6 n 28 <( 27 (( 27 " 29 1758 29 << 29 29 (1 29 " 2 i< 24 2 1758 L. George Hav erhill 18 18 46 44 26 21 18 27 18 18 40 25 23 17 17 18 17 21 19 17 21 18 19 21 18 39 39 19 HISTORY OF HAVERHILL. 353 l^ollowing the. albovc ate tlie names of ten others, from Bradford, New- 5)ury, &c., but none from HaverhilL Of the following names, a pai't only ^ere Haverhill men; but as some of them were, and we are unable to designate all of them with certainty, we copy the whole list: — " Koll of Capt John Hazzen of Haverhill, for the Reduction of Ticon- deroga & Crown Point." John Hazzen, Capt, Stephen Prescutt, John GofFe Jun 1st Lieut Nathan Colly, Joseph White 2d Lieut Silas Flood, Wm Richardson Ensign Richard Dow, Jabez Hoight Sergeant Richard Knight, Benja Stone " Jeremiah Kent, Mathcw Bryant " John Lovewell, "^ James Bryant " Daniel Flood, Jona Kemble Corp Parish Richardson, Benj Batchelder " Caleb Marble, Stephen Page " Jessa Wilson, Stephen Dow " /Wm Whittaker, Aaron Copps, Private v Noah Emery, Thomas Croiford, Joshua Howard, Peter Whitteker, ' John Tarbox, Phillip Emerson, Levi Wyman, Asa Curtis, Jona Colby, ^ -John Giles, --'■''''^ Jona Worster, Edmind Colby, Abner Vv'hcelcr, Asa Worster, .lohn Foster, Robert Young, Jona Hunt, Robert Greenough, Jona Stickney, Josiah Heath, Benoui Coburn, Micajah Morrill, Timothy Page, Benoni Rowell, Nathl Wood, Francis Knowlton, Josejih Lovewell. Bond Little, James Dow, Joseph Sawyer, Jeremiah Dow, David Copps, */ Amos Pollard, Caleb Emery, Jona Stevens. John Gage, Daniel Clifford, Joshua Chas3 Abner Sawyer, Joshua Gile, Jonas Clay, Joseph Gage, Abel Wright, Robert Cannada, • Wm Heath, Josejih Webster, Henry Benson, Thomas Cannada, Wm Flanders, James Dustou, Enoch Hale, In addition to the above, we find in Captain William Osgood's company, Oliver Page, who served from April 1, to November 15, 1758. But our limits will not allow us to follow up the whole history of this war ; and with the following extracts, showing the names of those from our town who took part in the struggle, and shared in the glorious results, we must again turn our attention homeward. We may, however, be per- mitted to say, in passing, that the campaign of 1758 was a brilliant one. In July, Louisburg was taken ; the next month. Fort Frontenac surren- dered ; and in November, Fort du Qucsne (now Pittsburg) was wrested from the French. The next j'car, the British arms were completely suc- cessful. In July, Niagara and Ticonderoga were taken, and when, on the 45 354 HISTORY OP HAVERniLt 18th of September, Quebec surrendered, the joy of the people seemed to know no bounds. In the Muster Eoll of the foot company of Captain Samuel George, dated February 7, 1759, we find Joseph Silliway entered May 2, dis- charged November 20,=- Joseph Springer entered April 3, discharged November 20. In the Muster Roll of the regiment of John Osgood, Jr., "for the inva- sion of Canada," were Col Richard Saltonstall, Capt Edmund Moorcs, James Emerson, inlisted Apl 6, aged 48 Eichard Knight " 3& Mar 29, Apl 6, Timothy Kimball Benja Emery Nathl Bixbee Joseph Hutching Jur, Daniel Griffing Wilkes West Timothy Clements Dowf Mar 29, " 31, Apl 3, " 6, " 6, " 6, Captain Edmund Mooers' company, in Colonel Bagley's regiment, for the Reduction of Canada,! consisted of one hundred and one men. The following were from Haverhill : — Edmund Mooers Esq, Captain, entered Mar 13, Dischd Dec 9 18 23 19 16 29 19 49 41 21 Jonathan Buck, Lieut (t " Nov 20 Peter Carleton (I (. Nov 20 Samuel Foster, Serjt K Apl 8, <( Timothy White, " ti « (< David Famam, '• H << Oct 26 John Baker, " H i< Nov 20 David Eaton, Corporal " Apll, Bartholomew Pecker, " " " 8, Samuel Middleton, " (( (i (( John Bradley, Drummer K " 3, Jonathan Serjeant, Private (( << << Richard Simonds " <( Mar 30, "11 John Steward " K Apl 4, " 3 Ebenezer Kimball " l< i« (< "2(> ■^ 1758. t ^^u'B^ name illegible. J 1759. HISTORY OP HAVERHILL. o55 Josliua Perry Private entered Mar 30 Dischd Nov 20 James Leacount (( (< Apl 7 <( Oct 21 Henry Greenkaf << << « 8, to Nov 20 Samuel Stickney <( << <( <( <( << << Moses Little << <( << 7, << (< << Elista Moody (( << Mar 3, died June 24 Benjamin Fowle << <( Apl 10, to Nov 20 Ezra Cottle << << <( U (< " 20 John Swoodick Corliss << << << 3 <( " 4 John Pell << (< 8 << ( (( Mar 10 Feb 29 H Young Brown Capt John Page Serj "■ " 29 " '' 8 Wm Farnum " Wm Colby Pr Nathaniel Moulton " Daniel Milliken " Moses Sanborn " Charles Hall In the Company of Samuel Watts, of Haverhill, Samuel Watts Capt ent June 10 to Jan 1 1761 John Bayley Corp Francis Dinsmore Pr ^^John Gile " Daniel Hibbard " In the Company of Nathl Bailey Wm Mores ent Apl 14 Benonie "VVigans " " 7 to Dec 6 In the Muster Boll of Capt Joseph Smith, of Kowley, from Feb 14 t» Dec 9, 17G0,-' were 18 " Dec 28 28 " " 2 14 " " 2 27 H It u Jsathan Baker Lieut ent Feb 14 to Dec 4 Eobert Peasley Ens H It <( n n John Bradley Serj Mar 10 i< 4< <<^ William George Corp " 31 " " " Edmund Black Private Feb 29 » <( Feb 29 " Dec 4 David Eaton «( Mario << <( t( Eichard Emerson <( (i <( (< t( ft Nathaniel Eaton (1 << ' IC <( «< (( David Famom (dead) K Feb 29 " Dec 12 Sampson French X Apl 8 n (( 4 Timothy George << Mar 31 << (< 4 John Hazclton << " 10 << Town of Boston, tlie Restoration and Continuance of our Charter EigLts^ — and whereas it is highly probable the approaching Congress of the Deputjs from the respective Colonies, will come into a Determination that .a general Plan" for a nonimportation and nonexportation of Merchandize to and from Great Britain and Ireland ; will be most effectual means for attaining this desirable End ; and whereas it is necessary and becoming that every community should communicate their Sentiments and Resolu- tions to their Brethren at this alarming Crisis of Our public Affairs — Therefore 1. Resolved, That we will not import, purchase, vend or consume any East India Tea, until the Duty imposed upon Importation into the Colo- nies shall be taken off ; & the port of Boston opened. 2. Resolved, That we will not purchase any kind of Merchandize of those persons, who shall (by importing, purchasing or vending Said Tea) act contrary to the sense of the above Resolutions. 3. Resolved, That we will abide by any Determination of the approach- ing Congress which shall be rational & generally adopted ; in particular, if a nonimportation and nonexportation of Merchandize to and from Great Britain and Ireland, and a nonconsumation Agreement, shall be their Determination, we will both collectively and individually abide by the Same. 4. Resolved, That if a nonimportation and nonexportation of Merchan- dize to and from Great Britain and Ireland shall be agreed upon and generally adopted and any person should be so lost to every feeling of Humanity and Regard to posterity, as to counteract such Agreement : We will not purchase any kind of ]\Ierchandize of them ; and will use our influence to deter others from doing the same. 5. Resolved, That there shall be a Committee of Correspondence for this Town to correspond with the Town of Boston, and other Towns in this province, and that this Committee shall consist of Five or more persons. G. Resolved, That Samuel White Esq, Mr Isaac Redington, Mr Joseph Haynes, Mr Richard Ayer, Mr Jonathan Webster Junior, Mr Daniel Dcn- nison Rogers, & Mr Timothy Eaton, be a Committee for the above purpose, any Four of whom when met together to proceed on business. 7. Resolved, That there shall be a Committee of Inspection ; to Inspect into the Conduct and inform of those persons who shall counteract the above Resolutions. HISTORY OP HATERHILL. 373 8. Resolved, That A. B. & C. as Eecorded under the 6th Eesolve be a Committee for this purpose of Inspection or Correspondence. 9. Resolved, That the Committee of Correspondence be desired to trans- mit a Copy of these Ecsolutions to the Committee of Correspondence for the Town of Boston. 6th article in the "Warning Voted in the affirmative, Nemine Contradi- ciente also voted that Mr Jonathan Webster Jun Draw out said money & be accountable to the Town. By Vote this Meeting is Adjourned to the 15th day of September next 1774 to this Place at 3 of the Clock afternoon." Though there were then three companies of Militia in the town, the patriotic citizens determined to organize a fourth. The latter was formed as an '' independent " company, and it being the first one in the town, and organized at a time when serious work was expected, and counted on, we feel justified in giving a somewhat extended notice of it. Wc copy the following from the original paper : — " Haverhill Sept, 5th. 1774. "\Ye the Subscribers, sensible of the importance of a well regulated Military Discipline, do hereby covenant and engage, to form ourselves in to an Artillery Company at Haverhill according to the following Articles, — First. That there shall be four officers (viz) a Capt., Lieut, Ensign and Sergeant, who is to act as Clerk, To be chosen by a majority of the Com- pany when met together, 2d. That we will meet together (on the first and third Mondays of September, October and November following, and on the first and third Mondays of the six Summer months annually til the Company shall agree to dissolve the same) for the exercise of Arms and Evolutions, And that the role shall be called two hours before Sunset, and the Company shall be dismissed at Sun set N. B. If it be fowl weather the Day appointed, the Company shall meet the next fair Day — 3dly. Any one neglecting Due attendance shall be subject to a fine of eight Pence, for the use of the Company ; unless on a reasonable Plea, excused by the Company, 4thly. That no new member be admitted without the vote of the Company, 5thly. That each member shall be Equiped with Arms, Accoutriments and Dress, according to Vote of Company, 6thly. That each member shall be supply 'd with one Pound of Powder and Twenty Balls ; to be reviewed twice a year ; upon the Days of chusing 374 HISTORY OF HAVERHILL. OflGicers, to commence tlie first Monday in October, from that time, the first Monday in May and August annually, James Brickett, William Greenleaf, Nathaniel Marsh, Phineas Carleton, Oliver Pcahody, Joshua B. Osgood, Thomas Cogswell, Israel Bartlet, Jonathan Barker, Isaac . James Duncap junr, John Cook, John Wingate, Bailey Bartlett, Daniel Greenleaf, Paul Thomson, Eben. Greenough, James Harrod, Samuel Greenleaf, Moses Clements junr, Timothy Eaton junr, D W, D N Kogers, Edward Barnard, Benj. Mooersjunr., "William Greenough, Daniel Kenrich, David Marsh junr, Samuel Duncan, Enoch Marsh, Thomas West, William Lamson, John Sawyer," Daniel Appleton, Abraham Swett, The first meeting of the subscribers was held the same day the agree- ment is dated, when James Brickett was chosen Captain, and Israel Bartlett Clerk, of the company. They voted to meet twice each week for drill, — one hour before sunset. October 3d, the organization was com- pleted, by the choice of Doctor James Brickett, Captain ; Israel Bartlett, Lieutenant ; Joshua B. Osgood, Ensign ; and Edward Barnard, Clerk and Sargeant. November 12th, it was " Voted, that this company look upon themselves to be an Independent Corps ; also upon their Officers to be equal in Bank and Command to Field Officers, of any Eegiment in this County, and subject to the Command of no officer, but such as the Field Officers of the several Kegiments are subject to." November 21st, the company " voted to use the exercise as ordered by His Majesty in the year 17G4-." Several of the members immediately sent to England for a copy of the " Norfolk Militia Book," which arrived in due time. The work cost them £G.15. The names of those who thus manifested their zeal in the pursuit of correct military knowledge, were " Bailey Bartlett, Israel Bart- lett, Thos Cogswell, Nathl Marsh, Doctr Brickett, Nathl Walker." The following extracts from the records of the company are worth pre- serving, (November 21, 1774,) : — " Voted, to meet Mondays, at 6 o'clk in the evening, pi-ccisely, for the above purpose. Voted, to pay a fine of 6d for non-appearance. Voted, that we meet once a week (Mondays) as Volunteers. Voted, that the Clerk provide candles for the use of the Company out of the fines. Voted, that N Saltonstall, D Marsh, J McHard, & John Sawyer be of this Company." "Dec 5 1774. Met at Jlr Osgood's Still house. Voted, that the Offi- cers of this Company shall not assist in choosing the Field Officers of the Regiment." Distort op hateehill. S75 "Jan 1775. Met at Mr West's Distill House. Voted, ttat any Mem- "ber who shall leave the Company before he is discharged by the Command- ing Officer, shall pay a fine of 4d. " Feb. Met at Mr West's Distill House. Voted, that we hire Mr George Marsdin for 4 days at 12s a day, & that he be paid out of the finca. " March 21, 1775. Met at Capt Greenleaf 's. Voted, that Nathan Blodget and Heman Ladd be admitted as members of this Company. Voted, that we Dress in a Uniform consisting of a Blue Coat, turned up with Buff, and yellow plain Buttons, the Coit cut half way the thigh ; and the Pockets a Slope. Voted, Also, that we have Buff, or Naiikeen Waistcoat & Breeches, and White Stockings with half Boots or Gaiters. Also that the Hats be cocked alike. And that each one have a bright gun, Bayonet, & Steel Eamrod. Voted that the Company be equipd in this ' Uniform by the first Monday in May."--' "May 1st. Made choice of Edw Barnard as Clerk. Voted, that Wil- liam Greenleaf be Capt of this Company — that Israel Bartlett be Lieut. Voted, that N Marsh be Ensign of this Company. Voted, that the Clerk act as Sargeant." " May 18th. Met on the Parade. Voted, that we meet on Mondays at sunrise for Exercise of Arms." " May 24th. Voted, to meet Sun an hour high for the future." The above is the last vote entered in the record book as that of the Artillery company. The first entry upon the next page is " Becords of the first Company in Haverhill." This is followed by the records of that company, and we find no subsequent allusion to the artillery company. In the records of the first company, we find the names of most of the pre- vious members of the artillery company. These facts, with the absence of record or reliable information to the contrary, lead us to the conclusion that the heavy drafts and constant activity and readiness required of the militia, (to which, of course, every member of the artillery also belonged, by law,) led to the necessity of a disbandment of the latter. Whether it was afterward resuscitated, or not, we cannot say.f On the 15th of September, (1774) the town again met, agreeably to the previous adjournment. The first vote passed, was to lay an additional * Though organized under the name of an Artillery Company, they never had any artillery, but were strictly a Company of Light Infantry. t In 1783, there were "four companies in Haverhill." These four companies were divided into "two Bands," viz.: the Training, or "Train Band," and the "Alarm List." An allusion to "both bands," in the records of 1776, was probably the occasion of the statement by Mirick, that there were then but two companies in the town.' He was evidently mistaken, as there had been for many years three companiea of militia in the town. S76 HISTORY Ot HAVERHILt,. town tax of one hundred pounds for the present year. They nfext '* voted to buy 800 lbs powder with Balls and Flints answerable, as the Towns Stock." Then it was " voted that the Town Trcasux'er hire money to pro- cure GOO lbs of powder towards the Town's Stock ; " and, that nothing should be wanting in the time of need, a committee was chosen " to ex- amine the stock of jpwder in the powder house." Having thus unequivo- cally committed the town to the cause of American liberty, the meeting adjourned to the 10th of October. The proceedings at the adjournment were brief, but significant. The following was the only business done, or vote passed ; — " By Vote the Constables are to pay no more Money into the Province Treasury until further Orders from the Town — but that They pay it im- mediately to the Town Treasurer; and take his Security, for the Same without Interest." While the almost universal sentiment of the inhabitants of the town was that indicated by their proceedings at these meetings, there were a few among them who did not sympathize with them. They were " Loyalists," — those who Udhered to the cause of their sovereign, — and deprecated the revolutionary measures so vigorously carried on by the "Patriots;" and while they doubted their success, they hoped (and some of them labored also) for their defeat. Among the most prominent and influential of these loyalists in this town, were Colonel Richard Saltonstall and Ecv. Moses Badger, (brother-in-law of the above). Colonel Saltonstall was a man who had always commanded the confidence and respect of his towns- men, and the esteem of all who knew him. At the early age of twenty- two years, he was commissioned as Colonel, and was in active service through the whole of the French "War. But he was now a loyalist, and, as a consequence, there could be but little sympathy between him and the large majority of the people of the town. This wide difi'erence of opinion, upon what was then a matter of the most vital importance, as may readily be supposed, gradually led to a feeling of coldness toward him, and finally to that of distrust, and uneasiness at his presence. Sometime not long after the July meeting above noticed, an incident occurred which is thus recorded by Mirick : — " The principles of Col. Eichard Saltonstall, who was a Tory, were very repugnant to the Whig party, which composed a majority of the voters. A party from the West Parish, and Salem, New-Hampshire, collected before his house, armed with clubs and other instruments, to mob him ; but he made them rather ashamed of their conduct. He came to the door, and with much dignity, told them his reasons for pursuing a different HISTORY OP HAVEEHILt. 877 course from tliat whicli they bad adopted. He ordered refreshments for tliem, and requested them to go to the tavern and call for entertainment at his expense. They accepted of his invitation, and huzzaed to his praise. He soon after went to England, to escape the resentment of the Whigs, where he was well received by his connexions." This account is, in substance, taken from the " Sketch of Haverhill," a paper prepared and read before the Massachusetts Historical Society, in 1816, by Leverett Saltonstall, Esq., and is, we think, a partial account of the affair. It is a tradition in the family of Timothy Eaton, who was the leader of the party that called on Colonel Saltonstall, that the bold and unpatriotic words and actions of the latter, had become so obnoxious to the public opinion of the town, that a large party was made up to call on him, and notify him that such was the case. They went, and Mr. Eaton, leaving his company a short distance from the house, called the Colonel to the door, and informed him of his errand. Upon this, the Colonel "drew himself up " and exclaimed, " Is that any of your business ? " Eaton quickly replied, " I'll let you know that it is my business," and was about retiring to his companions, when the Colonel, finding that the affair was like to terminate seriously, dropped his lofty air, held a parley, promised to give them no more cause for offence, and invited them all to refresh- ments at his expense. After hearing several versions of this affair, and an examination of the town records, (which seem to have been altogether overlooked by Mirick) we have concluded that the facts were probably something like these : — Colonel Saltonstall had, for years, and, indeed, from the beginning of the troubles between the colonies and the mother country, espoused the cause of the latter, "When, in 17G8, the House of Eepresentatives were ordered to rescind the obnoxious resolutions already refei:red to. Colonel Saltonstall was a " rescinder ; " and he was not a man to disguise his sen- timents, or remain quiet and silent when such a contest was going on. Hence he became known as a " Tory " — an enemy to the patriot cause ; " an enemy to his country." Timothy Eaton was a zealous patriot, and one of the leading ones in the town. He had just been chosen to the sec- ond place on the " Committee of Inspection," and was also one of those chosen to " show each man his proportion " of the one hundred pounds voted for the relief of Boston. He was also one of the town's " Commit- tee of Correspondence." It is, therefore, quite reasonable to suppose, that he called on Colonel Saltonstall o^iciaUy, taking with him a sufficient posse to prove to the Colonel that it was not a matter to be trifled with. 48 878 HISTORY OP HAVERHILL. The recent action of the town, and this ominous visit convinced the latter that it was no longer safe or consistent for him to remain in the town, and he decided to leave. That the company were "treated" at his cx- ponsc, is equally creditable to both parties. It was an c.irncst that they parted as personal friends, though divided as to the all-absorbing question before the colonies. In further proof that neither rioters nor a " moh " managed the affairs of the patriots, in the times of which we write, we quote the following, from the original paper now in the archives of the State : -. — " The Committee of Corrispondence &c for Haverhill In Complyance ■with the orders & directions of this Great & General Cort, took posession of the House and abut an half acre of land in sd Haverhill belonging to Mr Moses Badger late fled from Boston with the Ministeral fleet and leased the same for the Term of one year, to Mr Isaac Eedington of Haverhill for Seven Pound to be Paid at the years end. Also took posession of the Personal Estate of Coll Eichard Saltonstall of Haverhill who fled as aforesd, (after having carefully Examined Ec- specting his Eeal Estate and in the opinion of the Committee according to Law Justice & Equity he had not any as the House & land he lately occupied was Mortgaged for the full Value thereof) Made an Inventory of the Same which is as Eolloweth viz : (Here follows, ia the original paper, a minute inventory of Colonel Saltonstall's personal estate.) Haverhill June 4th 177G by order of the Committee Isaac Eedington Chairman. To the Honble James Warren Esq Speaker of the Honble House of Eepresentitivca Massachusetts Bay." Co'.onel Saltonstall left town soon after, and ere long embarked for England. The King granted him a pension, and he passed the remainder of his days in that country. While these proceedings were being had in this town, the other towns in the colony, and in the other colonies, were by no means idle, or indif- fercLt. At a meeting of the committees of correspondence of those towns which hr.d such committees, held at Faneuil Hall, August 26th and 27th, it was rcsj.ved that a Provincial Congress was necessary, to counteract the systems of despotism. The next step in the progress of the cause, was the holding of county conventions of delegates from each town. That ntSTORT OP SAVEHHIIL. 879 ^f Esses was coHTened at Ipswich, on the 6th and 7tli of September, 1774. The delegates from Haverhill were Samuel "White, Esq., Mr. Jonathan Webster, Mi-. Isaac Eedington, Mr. Joseph Haynes, After passing a series of reiolutions, the convention dissolved. In the meantime, (September uth) the Coxtixextal Coxguess assem- bled at Philadelphia, where the glowing eloquence of Patrick Henry recited the wrongs which the colonists had suffered, and for Avhich redress was imperiously demanded. After a careful examination of the subject, and an interchange of thoughts, sentiments, and opinions, the Congress unani- mously resolved " that from & after the first day of December next, there be no importation into British America, from Great Britain or Ireland, of any goods, wares, or merchandise whatever, or from any other place of any such goods, wares, or merchandises, as shall have been exported from Great Britain or Ireland ; and that no such goods, &c imported after the said first day of December next be used or purchased." To return again to our own province. Writs had been issued convening tbe General Court at Salem," on the 5th of October ; but before the time arrived, a proclamation from the Governor dissolved the assembly. For this step, the patriots were prepared ; and, pursuant to- the course which kad already been agreed upon, after meeting at Salem on the appointed day, they resolved themselves into a Provixcial Congress. The dele- gates to the Congress from this town were Samuel White, Esq., and Mr. Joseph Haynes.f After organizing, the Congress adjourned to Concord, and, still later, to Cambridge. J This body took the government of the province into their own hands, and made vigorous preparations for the approaching contest. Towns were recommended to provide arms and ammunition, and to enlist and equip Tninute-men, who should hold themselves in readiness to march " on the shortest notice," and in the meantime " to use tbeir utmost diligence to perfect themselves in military skill." This town had already anticipated the Congress in the first recommenda- tion, and it now lost no time in carrying out the others. ° Whither it had been previously removed by instructions to the governor. t The delegates from this town to the second and the third Provincial Congress, were Nathaniel Peas- lee Sargeaut, Esq., and Jonathan Webster, Jr. I The First Provincial Congress convened at Snlem, October 7, 1774-, and ndjonrned the same day. Convened at Concord, October llth, and adjourned the 14th. Convened at Cambridge, October 17th, and adjourned the 29th. Convened at Cambridge, November 23d, and dissolved December 10th. The Second Provincial Congress convened at Cambridge, Februarj- 1st, 177-5, and adjourned the 16th. Convened at Concord, March 22d, and adjourned April loth. Convened at Concord, April 22d, and imme- diately adjourned to Watcrtown, where it again convened the same day, and dissolved May 29th. The Third Provincial Congress convened at Watertown, May 31st, 1773, and dissolved July 19th of the same year. 380 HISTORY OF nAVKRnilli. As soon as their dckgatcs to the rrovincial Congress rctumccl homc/ and reported the doings of that body, a town meeting was immediately warned, for January 3d, 1775, to consider their recommendations. Among the matters specified in tlic warrant for this meeting were the following : — • " To agree on some measures for the carrying into execution the Recom- mendation of the grand Continental and Provincial Congresses ; and all those matters and things which Respect us : =•' ^^ " '■-' " To sec what Encouragement the Town will give for the inlisting one Quarter part of the Military : " To see what Money the Town will give the Poor unhappy Sufferers of the Town of Boston, occasioned by the oppressive Port Bill : " To see what number of Arms the Town will vote to purchase for ita own use : " To sec if the Town will chuse one or more meet Persons to attend the Provincial Congress in February next or sooner according to the Direction of the late Congress." Jonatlian AYebster, Jr., Samuel White, Esq., Samuel MeiTill, Nathaniel P. Sargcant, and Doctor James Brickett w'ere chosen to consider the first matter above mentioned and report at an adjourned meeting. It being " put to vote to sec if the town would give anything to the Minite Men," it was decided in the affirmative, and Isaac Redington, Dan- iel Dcnaison Rogers, Deacon Joseph Kelly, and Deacon John Aycr, were added to the above committee, to whom the whole matter was referred. It was then " voted to give unto the Poor of Boston one hundred pounds. Voted that the said hundreit pounds be Raised by a Rate or an equal pro- portion — but none are to J^tifiompelled to pay " ! The following persons were-tjhoscn committees " to shoic each man his proportion": — For the West Parish, Timothy Eaton, Stephen Webster, and Samuel Merrill ; for the Old Parish, Nathaniel Bradley, Moses Clem- ent, and Captain William Greenleaf; for the East Parish, John Ela, Ephraim Eliot, and Captain Daniel Johnson ; for the North Parish, Dea- con Benjamin Clements, and Isaac Snow. The meeting adjourned to the 12th of the same month, at which time Nathaniel Peaslee Sargeant, and Jonathan Webster, Jr., were chosen dele- gates to the Provincial Congress. The town "voted to stand by, and firmly adhere to the Resolves of the Continental Congress; " and also " to sign a covenant similar to the Association agreed upon by the Continental Congress ; " and Nathaniel Peaslee Sargeant, Esq., Joseph Hayncs, and Jonathan Webster Jr., were chosen a committee " to draw a Covenant for the people to sign," Fifty pounds were voted to the Provincial Congress, for its use. HISTORY OF HAVERHILL. 381 The vote In relation to the " Poor of Boston " was at this meeting re- considered, and it was determined to raise money for them by voluntary subscription. Edward Ordway was added to the committee for that pur- pose, and the meeting then adjourned to the 30th of the same month. January 30th, the town met according to adjournment. At this meet- ing, the vote " respecting the peoples signing a Covenant," was re-consid- ered, and it was then unanimously voted " to adhere strictly to & firmly to abide by the association of the Continental Congress." It was then " Voted that there be a Committee consisting of 15 Persons (which are called the Committee of Inspection) to Inspect & Duly observe that the association of the Continental Congress is put into Execution. The Committee are as followeth : — Messrs Samuel Merrill, Timothy Eaton, Doctr "William Bachellor, Richard Aycr, Isaac Eedington, Thomas West, Doctor James Brickett, Thomas Cogswell, Enoch Marsh, James Sawyer, John Ela, Dea Ezra Chase, Dca Ebenezer Colby, Isaac Snow, Edward Ordway." The committee chosen to consider the proposition relating to raising " Minite Men," made the following report : — " We have carefully examined Our Numbers and find we ought to Eaise Sixty three Men including three Commission officers to make up one Quar- ter part. We Eecommend it to the Town to appoint three Commission officers to inlist, discipline, and upon occasion when called for in defence of the Province to march the same. AYc further Eecommend it that the Minite Men be duly disciplined in Squads three half days in a Week, three hours in eaeh half day, and that they be allowed for each half day, eight pence till ye middle of March next, and one shilling for each half day afterwards, until they are called out to actual service from home, or dis- banded. That when they are called to leave home on actual service they shall Eeceive ye same wages & subsistence as Soldiers received the last ■ war. That if they are called upon »& do actually march from home in de- fence of the Province they shall be intitled to recieve three dollars each as a Bounty, either from the Town or Province. Further that the three chief officers recieve for each half Day two Shillings Each till ye middle of March next, & after that time three shillings each half Day till called upon to march from home, or are disbanded — when called upon to march to recieve such pay as shall be ordered by the Province. All inlistments to be for the Space of one year from this time, unless sooner disbanded by the Town or Province. N. B. The words to march the same — meaneth Sixty Three men in- cluding Three officers, being one Quarter part of the Soldiers in Town." (Signed) Jonathan Webster, per order." The report and its recommendations were adopted. S82 niSTORT Oi nATEfttlltt. After a long and tedious search for the names of these minute-incn, We have been so fortunate as to find a list of them, which we give below. The paper of which the following is a copy, and several other exceedingly valu- able documents relating to that period, were found among the town's old papers, and proved to be part of a parcel of loose papers found in an old bag which had been kicked about the assessors' room for years. They were finally carefully placed with the town's other papers, by R. G. "Walker) Esq., and thus luckily preserved : — " A Eol of the Minit Men in Capt James Sawyer's Company & tho Number of days Each man Trained according to the Yoat of the Town of Haverhill in March and Apirel 1775 " Days Days James Sawyer Capt 5 Samuel gips Mitchel Timothy Johnson Lieut 5 Joshua Emory 6 Nathaniel Eaton Lieut *»* 5 Jerimiah Stickney 5 Mitchel Whiticher Sargt 6 Joseph Webster 5 Moses Heselton Sargt 5 Isaiah Eaton """^^ 5 Wm Eolf Sargt 5 Ebenezer Grifen 4 Charles Davis Sargt 5 Samuel Emerson 5 Enock Eaton Coprel -^ 4 John Silver Chas Sarjant Coprel 3 Seth Wymon 4 John Bery Coprel 6 Daniel Lord 5 Euben Sargent 3 Nathan Peabody 5 Asa Currer 5 James Whitickcr 4 Thomus Tiylor 5 Samuel Sanders , 3 Daniel Colby 3 Henerey Springer 1 John Dow 6 Ebenezer AVebster John Eaton „,.^ 4 Johnthan Dusten 4 Joseph Emorson 5 Daniel Grifen 3 Simon Pieck 4 Moses Emorson Juner 4 Lewis George 5 John gipson 3 AVm Davis 2 Nathan Ayre 4- Mosse Emorson 5 James Townsand 4 Job gage 4 Stephen Eunels 4 Peter Emorson 3 John Tiylor 3 Samuel George James Wilson John Cheney 1 Daniel Eemock 3 Nathaniel Cahaney Stephen Jackson 3 Samuel Ealy 2 Joshua Moors 1 AVm Sawyer 4 Philip Bagley 4 James Smiley 5 Humpree Nicols 4 Joel Harrimen 5 Dudley Dusten 3 James Snow 5 Johnthan Lowger 4 Mark Emorson atteset John Sanders 4 Mitchel Wittier Serjant HISTORY- 0? HAVERHILI,. 883 At the annual meeting, Marcli 14, thirty dollars were voted to procure a military instructor to " instruct the Militia in the Art Military " in the town. One week later, it was voted that the minute-men should train one whole day in each week, instead of three half days as previously voted. They were to be trained by " Mr George Marsden, whom we have hired," and to receive two shillings each for that day. AYe have now before us a return of the minute-men of this town, that " met at Andovcr for Exsise " on Thursday, the 13th of April. Forty-six men of Captain Sawyer's company were, present. Little did they probably think that this was their last opportunity for preparatory " training," but so it proved. Before another week had passed, the fearful struggle had commenced. AYe need not repeat the story of the morning of the immortal Nineteenth of April, 1775. The soil of Lexington and Concord was baptized with the blood of American Patriots, and the whole country was aroused. The news probably reached this town soon after noon of the same day, and the minute-men immediately left for the scene of action. Before night, one hundred and Jive Haverhill men were ^' gone to ye Army." This was almost one-half of the entire militia force of the town. Surely wc can do no less than to place the names of these noble patriots on our pages. The first of the following lists, is a roll of the " Minite Men" who marched upon the alarm. " Cambridge April 2G 1775 " A List of the men who Eecieved their Part of the Billiting or Bounty Money from ye Town of Haverhill " Capt James Sawyer, Danl Colby, Lt Tim'y Johnson, Saml Sanders, Lt Xathl Eaton, Saml Ela, Sargt Heseltine Moses, John Gibson, John Dow, James Townsn, Saml Emerson, Joseph AYcbster, Jonathn Longer, Danl Lord, Wm Sawyer, Asa Currier, James Snow, Nathn Ayer, John Eaton, Mitchal Whitier, Wm Davis, John Barry, Simn Pike, Moses Emerson, Jonathn Duston, -^ Lewis George, Job Gage Isaiah Eaton, Joseph Emerson, John Sanders, Stephen Jackson, James Smyley, Joshua Emery, Daniel Chiney, Humphy Nichols, Thos Tyler, Josiah Fcsenden, Joel Herrimn, Nathan Peabody, Phillip Bagley, Charles Davis, James AYilson, Chase Sargeant, James Whitaker, Seth AYyman, Ebenr Griffin, Peter Emerson, Piuben Sargt, Danl Griffin, James Kimball, Enoch Eaton, Each of these men, (except Peter Emerson, who received 5s, Enoch Eaton, who received 6s) received nine shillings Bounty money. and It was paid them by Colonel Brickett, and the original list of the company 384: HISTORY OP HAVERHILL is in hig hand-writing. June 26, 1776, the House of Eeprescntativcs " Resolved, That there be allowed & paid out of the Public Treasury of this Colony, to the Selectmen of Haverhill, the sum of Fifty seven pounds four shillings and six pence in full of their account of provisons supplied the Army, at the time of Lexington fight, on the 19th of April 1775." " A Muster Roll of the Company under the Command of Capt Daniel Hills in Colo Johnsons Eegt of Militia which marched on ye alarm April 19th 1775, from ye Town of Haverhill to Cambridge under the Command of Lt Saml Clements." Persons names No. inilej lontit home 1st Lt Saml Clements, 2 Lt Ebener Gage,. . . Serjt Jno Downing, . . Serjt Jas Ayer, Serjt Saml Middleton, John Gage, Timothy George David Peasly, Moses Witcomb, Enoch Cordwill, Moses Herriman, .... Nathl Bodge, James Walker,'-' James Kimball, ^^^ Jacob Green, '^^^\ *• Nehh Emerson \ ^n J^^xQ. Cooke, *^- ^'*' Ebenr Ballard, Wm Wingate Cotton Kimball, . . , . . Edward Shaw, Philln Colby Jno Serjant, Jno Perley, 70 Amt nt 1(1 8 mile No. days each man was in bervicc OS 10 Wages due to each Total of Travel man & Wagci £0.17.2 0.17.6 0.10.3 0.10 3 0.8.7 0.10. 0.7.1 0.10. 0.8.6 0.8.6 0.8.6 0.8.6 0.10. 0.8.6 0.5.8 0.10. 0.8.6 0.8.6 0.10. 0.8.6 0.8.6 0.5.8 0.7.1 0.5.8 £1.3— 1.3.4 0.16.1 0.16.1 0.14.5 0.15.10 0.12.11 0.15.10 0.11.4 0.14.4 0.14.4 0.14.4 0.15.10 0.14.4 0.11.6 0.15.10 0.14.4 0.14.4 0.15.10 0.14.4 0.14.4 0.11.6 0.12.11 0.11.6 141 I £11.1.5 1 Saml Clements Lt a true copy £ 18.1.5 G Tailer o James Walker was of Uie si.xth generation since the settlement of the town. Dnrins the war, he was an ensign in a company raisi-il h"ro. and afterward comniMudcd a detachment of men wh.) had cliiir^'O of the biials belDngiii? tyolic of the divisions wh'ch crossed the Delaware, on the night previous to the memorable battle of Trenton, Deccml)fr 2.)th, 177C. Krom 1S18. until his death. Mr. Walker received a peuaion of twenty dollars a month. He died February 8th, 1846, in the ninety-eighth year of his age. HISTORY OP HAVERHILL. 385 *' A Muster Eoll of the Company under ye Command of Capt Ebenezer Colby in Colo Jolinsons Eegt of Militia well marchd on ye alarm April 19th 1775 from ye Town of Haverhill to Cambridge." Persons names No miles Amt at ;out&homeld 8 mil Capt Ebenr Colby, I 70 Jos Greeley Sergt, . . . Josiah Brown do John Gutridge, John Page, Barnard Sargent, .... Jacob Ealey, Samuel Page Jr, Edmd Brown, Jona Ealy, Ephm Chase, Leonard Chase, Jona Huntings, Saml Bradbry, Phinea Xichols, Erancis Carr, Eichd Currier, Erancis Morrill, David Mors, Jos Eobinson Abner Kimball, Jos Hardy, Ezra Chase, Nehh Ordaway, David George, Saml Aj'er Junr Saml Page, Wm Bradbry, Benja Ordaway, 5s 10 No days each man was ill service Wages due to each T' tal of Travel man & Wages £0.17.^ 0.10.3 0.8.7 0.8.6 0.8.6 . 0.8. 6 0.5.8 0.8.6 0.5.8 0.5.8 0.8.6 0.8.6 0.8.6 0.5.8 0.5.8 0.8.6 0.8.6 0.8.6 0.8.6 0.8.6 0.8.6 0.8.6 0.2.10 0.2.10 0.2.10 0.2.10 0.2,10 0.2.10 0.2.10 £1.2.11J 0.16.1 0.U.5 0.14.4 0.14.4 0.14.4 0.11.6 0.14.4 0.11.6 0.11.6 0.14.4 0.14.4 0.14.4 0.11.6 0.11.6 0.14.4 0.14.4 0.14.4 0.14.4 0.14.4 0.14.4 0.14.4 0.8.8 0.8.8 0.8.8 0,8.8 0.8.8 0.8.8 0.8.8 Ebenr Colby Capt £18.12.3^ a true copy G Tailer Essex Ss Haverhill Jany 9th 1776 Then Capt Ebenr Colby within named, appeared & made Oath to ye truth of ye within accott by him subscribed Before Me Saml Phillips Jus Peace Examined and compared with the Original EdwdEawson) ^ ... James Dix | Committee. 49 386 HISTOET OP HAVERHILL. In addition to the three companies here given, we must add the name of " Col James Brickett," (afterward General) who probably hastened to Cambridge on the first alarm, as we find he was there on the 26 th, and subsequently. The following letter, from our delegates to the Provincial Congress, dated the next day after the battle at Lexington, is additional evidence that these men marched immediately on the alarm : — "Haverhill April 20th 1775. Sr The late dreadful Fire in this town" — The great Number of our People gone to ye Army — The great Numbers from ye other GoA^ernment that pass & repass thrd this town, & ye disturbances in it, renders it ab- solutely necessary, as we apprehend, that we attend at home to preserve Order & quiet — Therefore Sr, we hope you will excuse our nonattendance this Session — wishing that he that giveth wisdom liberally, would enlighten your Paths, we subscribe, Sr your Humble Servts Nathll Peaslee Sargeant Jonat Webster." The letter is directed to " The President of ye Provincial Congress, now Sitting. Ford by Isaac Merrill Esqr." The letter was received, and read, on the afternoon of the 2r)th, and the following answer was returned to the Town Clerk of Haverhill : — " Sir : The Congress have this day received a letter from Nathaniel Peaslee Sargeant Esq, and Jonathan AYebster Esq, acquainting them that the late dreadful fire in Haverhill, together with some public disturbances in said town, make it necessary that they should be at home at this time. The Congress apprehend that the important business of the colonies re- quires that every town should be now represented ; and therefore desire that if neither of those gentlemen can attend, others should be elected in their room, that the wisdom of the whole colony may be collected at our hour of need." o On Sundiiy, 16th of April, a destructive fire brolte out in Main Street, and nil the west side of it from what is now Court Street to the comer, was burnt. Seventeen buildings were destroyed, includinjr, a large brick tavern, owned by Mr. John White, the store of Deacon Josepli Dodge, the store of James Duncan, Esq., a house occupied by Mrs. Alley, and a distillery. The earth was parched with a drought, and everything was combustible. The meeting-house was frequently on fire, and there being but one engine, it was difflcolt to subdue the raging element. HISTORY OF HAVERHILL. 387 At tlie Oldening of the third Congress, at Watertown, May 31st, Mr. Webster was present, and took an active part throughout the session. "VVe notice that he was almost daily appointed on important committees. In the midst of the excitement, anxiety, and distress, of the inhabitants of the town, consequent upon the news from Lexington and Concord, and the departure of so many men for the war, now actually begun, there occurred an event which added ten-fold to the distress of those left behind. Those who witnessed it, can never foi'get its scenes, and those who did not, can have but a faint idea from any description. We allude to what has been sometimes called " the Ipswich fright," and which happened some- thing in this wise : — On the afternoon of the second day, after the Lexington fight, a man named John Tracy, of Marblehead, came riding into town, bare-headed, and in the most excited manner cried out that the British were marching toward the town, and would be here by the next morning, — ^ that they were " cutting and slashing all before them." The news'spread like wild- fire, and being generally credited, it produced a complete and most distressing panic. As a large part of the militia of the town were gone to the scene of action, the terror and alarm, particularly among the women and children, exceeded the power of language to describe. Preparations were immediately made, by all who could command any means of trans- portation, to remove at once into the back country ; and many who had neither horse nor oxen of their own, hastily collected a bundle of such necessaries as they could carry, and started on foot. The scene on the village common that night can scarce be imagined. Guards had been posted at a distance to give the alarm if the enemy should appear, and, with horses saddled, and ox-carts loaded, and the oxen yoked, the afi"righted inhabitants repaired to the grounds around the meeting-house, and the " old town pump," and anxiously waited for daylight, to take up the line of march. Those who lived near by, put their children to bed undressed, and many who lived in more distant parts of the village, brought their children to the houses of those near the meeting-house. And so the night wore slowly away. With the morning, messengers were dispatched to learn more of the dreaded enemy. But no reliable information could be obtained, either of them, or as to the truth of the first report, and gradually the in- habitants became convinced that it was a false alarm, and one after another returned to their own dwellings with lighter hearts than they had left them only a few hours before." " In the East Parish, large numbers of the affrighted inhabitants flocked to the "hemlocks," on the east side of Kenoza Lake, where they remained concealed during the night. 388 HISTORY OF HAVERHILL. The origin of the alarm is still involved in ohscurity. By some it has been supposed to have been a regularly concocted scheme to alarm and distress the inhabitants, and it is remarkable that the same story, in sub- stance, was simultaneousli/ told, from Ipswich to Coos. In every place the " regulars " were but a few miles behind the messenger. How, or by whom, or with what motives, the report was first started, no one could ever tell. It lasted but one night, and in the morning all who were informed that the rumor was without foundation, ♦' Returned safe home, right glad to save Their property from pillage ; And all agreed to blame the man, AVho first alarmed the village." Two days after the Lexington fight, the Committee of Safety resolved that eight thousand men should be immediately inlisted out of the Massa- chusetts forces for seven months, unless sooner discharged. Two days later, the Provincial Congress, which had been hastily summoned to con- vene, resolved Ihat it was necessary an army of thirty thousand men should be immediately raised, of which Massachusetts should furnish thirteen thousand, five hundred. These were afterward known as the " eight months service men." A careful examination of the rolls, shows that at least ninety-four Hav- erhill men enlisted in this service. Below, we give their names, with the company and regiment to which each was attached : -— In Captain James Sawyer's company, in Colonel James Frye's regiment, were James Sawyer, Captain Francis Dinsmore Priv't Simeon Pike'- Private Timoth}^ Johnson. Lieut Joseph Emerson Nathaniel Eaton, " Joseph Emerson Jr Nathan A3'er, Corporal Peter Emerson Asa Currier " Moses Emerson Eeuben Sargent " James Emerson Benjah Clement Fifer Joshua Emery John Tyler Drummer Samuel Ele Moses Hesseltine, Serjt Isaiah Eaton James llix, " John Eaton-' Seth Wyman, " Daniel GriflBn Phillip Bailey, Private Lewis George Nathl Chiney Jonathan Dustan William Davis Charles Davis John Dow Dudley Duston Ebenezer Griffin Lemuel Gage Job Gage James Kimball Joshua Moors James Pike Jr Joseph Page Nathan Peabody Steven Euniels AYm Sawyer Edward Sawyer Lemuel Sanders John Sanders James Snow Chase Sargent Henry Springerf Thomas Tyler James Towusend "William AVhittier James Whittier Caleb Young (Total 52) o Killed at Banker Hill, June 17th, 1775. f Enlisted in another company. HISTORY OF HAVERHILL. S89 In Captain Moses McFarland's company, in Colonel John Nixon's regi- ment, Moses McFarland, Capt Cornelius Mansise, Priv James Pecker, Private Bartholom'w Pecker, Cor Natlil McParland " James Smiley " Mark Emerson, Fifer Phillip Nelson " Hugh Smiley " John Alley, Private David Powers " William Smiley *' ■William Cook " David Peaslie " (Total 14) In Captain Micajah Gleason's company, in Colonel Nixon's regiment, "VVingate Bradley, Fifer Lemuel Bradley, Private Samuel Piand, Private James Kimball, Lieut Nathaniel Kimball " (Total 5) In Captain Gilman's company, in Colonel Nixon's regiment, David Bryant, Corporal William Case, PrivateMoses Emerson, Private Jonathan Nelson " Christopher Clement " Oliver Page " William Lamont, Ensign Daniel Dow " (Total 8) In Captain Butler's company, in Colonel Nixon's regiment, John White, Qr Master Matthew Jennerson Sergt (Total 2) In Captain John Davis's company, in Colonel Frye's regiment, Peter Carlton, Private'-' Ebeliezer Carlton, Serjtf (Total 2) In Captain Wells' company, in Colonel Wliitcomb's regiment, Jacob Castle, Private John Crout, Private (Total 2) In Captain Francis' company, in Colonel Mansfield's regiment, Nathaniel Duston, Private In Captain Cogswell's company, in Colonel Gerrish's regiment, Daniel Eeamick, Corp David Nickels, Private John Whicher, Private Eichard Hesseltine Priv Jonathan Peaslee " (Total 5) In Captain Poplin's company, in Colonel Gridley's regiment, Samuel Heath, Private In Captain Moore's company, in Colonel Nixon's regiment, Jacob Whittier, Private. The above regiments were all stationed at Cambridge, — excepting that of Colonel Gerrish, which was stationed at Maiden and Chelsea. The Haverhill men, with the two exceptions noted, were all (probably) enrolled previous to May 19, 1775, at which time nearly all the above named offi- cers were commissioned.! The time of enlistment was until the followina January. ° Did not enlist until July 13th, and served two months and twenty-two days. t Enlisted February 14th, and served six months and twenty-one days. J The returns were sent to the Provincial Congress, June 10th. Colonel James Brickctt received his commission as Lieutenant-Colonel, in Colonel James Frye's Essex Eegimeut, May 20th. 390 HISTORY OF HAVERHILL* It is worthy of mention, that although but thirteen thousand, five hun- dred men were called for, fifteen thousand voluntarily enlisted before the middle of June. The town of Harpswell having applied to the Provincial Congress for a supply of powder, (which was very scarce in the whole colony) that body requested (May 7) the selectmen of Haverhill to let them have one half- barrel, promising that it should be replaced as soon as it could be had. The supply of powder continuing to be very scanty, a committee was ap- pointed to ascertain how much each town had, and report how much could be safely spared for the public service. They reported that in forty towns, a total of sixty-seven and three-fourths bai'rels could be spared. Of this amount, Haverhill furnished two barrels. Only ten towns in the whole colony were able to spare an equal amount each. May 13th the Congress ordered post-riders to be immediately established between Cambridge and the principal towns in the province, and estab- lished post-offices in such towns. Simeon Greenough was appointed post- master at Haverhill. On the loth day of June, the Committee of Safety, after long delibera- tion, decided to occupy Bunker Hill, in Charlestown, and passed a secret vote to that effect. The next day, orders were issued to Colonel William Prescott, Colonel Bridge, and the Commandant of Colonel Frye's'-- regiment, to be prepared for an expedition, with all their men fit for service, and one day's provision. The same order issued for one hundred and twenty of General Putnam's regiment, and Captain Gridley's company of artillery with two field-pieces. Early in the evening of the 16th, Colonel Prescott was ordered with these troops to proceed immediately to Charlestown, take possession of Bunker Hill, and erect the necessary fortifications to defend it. Profound secrecy was to be observed. The troops were silently assembled on Cam- bridge Common, where a solemn prayer was offered up by Eev. President Langdon, of Harvard College. At dark, the detachment left the camp, and proceeded to Charlestown. Colonel Prescott led the way, dressed in a simple calico frock, with two sergeants, having dark-lanterns open only to the rear, about six paces in front of the troops. Profound mystery o Colonel Frye was at the time ill of the gout, and, moreover, president of a court martial. His regi- ment was, therefore, under the command of Lieutenant-Colonel James Brickett. Colonel Prescott, under date " Camp at Cambridge Aug 25, 1775," writes to John Adams, at that time a Delegate to the Conti- nental Congress : — "On the 10th June, in the evening, I received ciders to march to Breed's Hill in Charlestown, with a par^ of about one thousand men, consisting of three hundred of my own regiment, Colonel Bridge and LioimJIfriCkett, with a detachment of theirs, and two hundred Connecticut forces commanded by Captain Knoulton." — Frolhingfiam' s Sitye of Boston, 395. HISTORY OF HAVERHILL. 391 hung over the object of the expedition until they crossed Charlestown neck and found wagons loaded with intrenching tools, fascines, gabions, and empty hogsheads. But we cannot continue tTius minute. Suffice it to say, that the tall, granite shaft on " Bunker's Height," has been erected to commemorate the events of that night and the day following — "The Glorious Seventeenth of June." In that first battle of the Revolution, Haverhill was largely represented. In the detachment that marched to occupy the hill, on the evening of the 16th, were Lieutenant-Colonel Brickett, one; in Captain Davis's company, one ; in Captain Sawyer's company, fifty-two — Total fifty-four. The whole number of the detachment was not above one thousand men, — thus giving this town one man in every twenty. Of those actually engaged in the battle, the most careful and reliable accounts give us the following : — Lieutenant-Colonel Brickett, one ; in Captain Sawyer's company, fifty- two ; in Captain Moses McFarland's company, fourteen ; in Captain Glea- son's company," five ; in Captain Davis's company, one ; in Captain Mooer's company, one — total, seventy-four. =■•= The number of Americans engaged in the battle, fluctuated largely, and the crude state of the army organization at that time, render it impossible to say with precision how many men took part in the action ; but after a long and patient examination, we give the above as very nearly the true number of Haverhill men who took part in the glorious struggle on that day. • Of the one hundred and fifteen killed, two were from this town — John Eaton and Simeon Pike — both in Captain Sawyer's company. This com- pany evidently performed hard service on this occasion, as we find in the official list of those " who lost guns, &c., at the Battle of Bunker Hill," the names of twenty-one from this town, — most of whom wore attached to this company. f They are as follows : — Timothy Johnson, AVilliam Sawyer, Charles Davis, Nathaniel Eaton, John Jepson, Joseph Emerson, Nathan Aycr, ' "William "VYhittier, Joseph Emerson Jr, * David How and Samuel Blodget, both of whom afterward became prominent citizens of this town, were also in the battle. Blodget was one of those who succeeded in arresting the retreat of the New Hampshire troops. Colonel Scammon, of Saco, — who commanded a large regiment from Maine, on that day, — was at one time previous a resident of Haverhill. He was not, however, actually in the battle, although "ordered to go where the fighting was ! " ° We also find in the Province Treasurer's book for 1776, — under the head of " Sundry pnyments made for Losses sustained at the Battles of Lexington and Bunker Hill, paid in 1776," — the following; *' June. Paid James Brickett & others £382, 6.1." We presume this was paid him for the persona above named. 392 niSTORT OF HAVERHILI. Moses EmerSon, Daniel Griffin, John Tyler, James Pike, James Townscnd, Stephen llunniels, John Dow, Joshua Moors, Reuben Sargent, Seth Wyman, John Cockle, ^ Phillip Baglcy. Of the three hundred and five Americans wounded in the battle, we can, with certainty, name only one ^from this town, — Colonel Brickett. He was standing by the side of General Putnam, in the early part of the ac- tion when a cannon-ball struck the plank upon which they stood, knocking them both down. Colonel Brickett was wounded in the foot, and the shock was so great as to cause a " rupture," from which he suffered to the end of his life." Colonel Swett, in his account of the battle, says that General "Warren, as he went on the hill, to fight as a volunteer, obtained his arms of Lieu- tenant-Colonel Brickett, " who came off with the first wounded." The tune of the Americans, at Bunker Hill, was " Yankee Doodle." It was the first time of its use by them, but ever after it was their favorite, and has become our most popular national air.f " James Frye's regiment, from Esses, was commissioned May 20. The latest return is dated May 26. James Brickett was lieutenant-colonel; Thomas Poor, major; Daniel Hardy, adjutant; Thomas Kitt- redge, surgeon. Colonel Frye did not go to Breed's Hill with his regiment on the evening of June IG, on accountof indisposition; hut was in the battle, behaved with spirit, and was active in urging on rein- forcements. Lieutenant-Colonel Brickett, a physician, was wounded early in the action, and, with other Burgeons, repaired to the north side of Bunker Hill, and remained in attendance on the wounded."— Froihinghain' s Seige of Boston. t Tankee Doodle. — To every Yankee, be he hoy or man, who can whistle, hum, or sing, the tune of Tanhee Doodle is familiar; but the burlesque song which in old time so often accompanied it, is fast pas- sing into oblivion, and we cannot resist the temptation to give it a place in these pages. The story runs, that the song was composed by a British officer of the Revolution, with a view to ridicule the American^t who, by way of derision, were styled Yankees. The song has had many commentators and collators, and undergone many additions and alterations. The following version gives it as sung at least seventy years ago, and is probably as near the original as we can now expect to secure it : " Father and I went down to camp, .Mong with Captain Goodwin, Where we see the men and boys As thick as Musty -puddin. There was Captain Washington Upon a slapping stallion A giving orders to his men — I guess there was a million. And then the feathers on his hat, They looked so tarnal fina, I wanted pockily to get To give to my Jemima. And there they had a swampin gun, As large as log of maple, On a deuced little cart — A load for father's cattle ; And every time they fired it off, It took a horn of powder, It made a noise like father's gun, Only a nation louder. I went US near to it myself As Jacob's underpinnin, And father went as near again — I thought the deuce was in him. And there I see a little keg, Its heads were made of leather — They knocked upon't with little sticks To call the folks together. And there they'd ffe axoay like fun. And play on cornstalk fiddles And some had ribbons red as blood, All wound about their middles. The troopers, too, would gallop up And fire right in our faces ; They scar'cd me almost half to death To see them run such races. Old uncle Sam. come there to change Some pancakes and some onions. For lasses-cakes, to carry home To give his wife and young ones. But I can't tell you half I see They kept up such a smother; So I took my hat off — made a bow. And scamper'd home to mother." HISTORY OP HAVERHILL. 393 At a town meeting, held Septemlber 19th, it was " Voted to dismiss the old Committees of Correspondence ; and of Safety, and Inspection ; and to Chuse a new one in their Eoom." " Voted that a Committee of Seven Men be chosen to Serve as a Commit- tee of Correspondence, Safety and Inspection ; and are as followeth Viz : Dea Jonathan Shephard, Mr Isaac Eedington, Capt Kichard Ayer, Lieut Samuel Merrill, Mr Ephraim Elliot, Lieut Isaac Snow, & Mr Thomas West." At a meeting held December 11th, the town granted permissson for Nathaniel Marsh and Isaac Bartlett to establish a manufactory of saltpetre, and voted them fifty pounds, for their encouragement. But owing to the unsettled state of the times, it was discontinued. Erom the records of the First Company in this town, we copy the follow- ing list of the names of those who were drafted from that company for the continental service in 1775 and 1776: — Thomas Cogswell, Capt Stephen Jackson, Samuel Kimball, 1st Lt David Harris, William Lemont, 2d Lt Jonathan Harris, Samuel AValker, Ensign Nehemiah Emerson, John White, Qr Master Jonathan Dustin, jr, John Dow, James Pecker, Theodore Tyler, Joseph Whiting, John Eaton, Stephen Dustin, Jonathan Sargent, Moses Harriman, Nathan Ayer, James Townsend, Joseph Johnson, Samuel Middleton, Samuel Middleton, jr, William Baker, John Stickney, John Tyler, Job G-age, David Perley, John Downing, Nathaniel Kimball, Samuel Woodman, Samuel Buck, Daniel Tyler, William Greenleaf, David Moores, Stephen Eunnels, William Gage, Daniel Eemich, Moses Keezar, Samuel Lecount, Joshua Moores, Joseph Wakefield, James Eix, John Whittier, Bart Pecker, John Alley, Philip Bagley, privates. Ephraim Dodge, The following is a list of those.who served six weeks at Eoxbary. They were commanded by Captain Eaton, and marched in December, 1775 : — Obadiah Ayer, John Whiting, Moses Whittier, Daniel Hill, jr, Nehemiah Emerson, jr, Samuel Greenleaf, Moses Willcomb, Peter Middleton, Amos Clement, Ebenezer Ballard, The following is a list of those " who hired for two months in February .1776, at forty shillings L. M. pr man." Samuel Appleton, John Cogs- well, jr., Isaac Eedington, John Green, Theodore Tyler, Amos Gile, William Wingate. David Marsh, Enoch Marsh, and Nathaniel Marsh, were classed, and hired one man ; James Duncan, Samuel Dimcan, and Jonathan Barker, were classed, and hired one man; Israel Bartlett and Phineas Carlton, were classed, and hired one man. 50 y 3^94 HISTORY OF HAVERHItt. It is impossilile, at tliis time, to give the names of all who served in the army of the devolution, from this town, or even to give the time, and place, and length of service, of all those whose names are still preservcd- It frequently happened that, when an order came to draft soldiers, two, throe, and four men were classed, and were obliged to hire one man to serve- in their room. This was done so as to make each man bear an equal portion of the burtheti. At the annual meeting. March 19, 1776, the same persons that were elected in September, were re-chosen a " Committee of Correspondence^ Safety, and Inspection." April 2;!d, a meeting was held and 1 liomas West, Esq., was chosen a delegate to a county c'ouventiou to be held at Ipswich, " to consider of some method by which they may obtain an equal representation, by every man's having a like voice in the election of the legislative body of this Colony." On the 30th of the same month, a meeting was called, and Captain John Mullikcn, and Captain Cornelius Mansise, were chosen " a committee to attend a meeting of Committees of Newbury, Newburyport, and Ames- bury, May 2d, at the Town House in Newburyport, to fix on a plan of a Fort to be built on Plumb Island." At a meeting, wai-ned for the purpose, June 25, 1776, the town " Voted, That if the Honorable Congress for the Safety of the United Colonies should Declare them Independant of the kingdom of Great Britain, this Town do engage tvith their Lives and Fortunes to support them in the Measure." " Voted that the Town Treasurer is hereby impowered to hire money for to purchase Arms &c for the use of the Poor in this Town."-' June 29th, the towns of Haverhill and Newbury applied to the General Assembly for arms and ammunition, " on account of their exposed situa- tion." The Assembly decided that they were " unable to furnish them."f On the same date last mentioned, (June 29, 1776.) an order arrived to raise forty-three men in this town. The quota of the First Company was eleven. They were destined for Ticonderoga, and marched July 23d. Their government pay was nine pounds per month. The following were furnished by the above company: — James Brickett, Brig. Gen. ; Doct o They purchiiscd twenty-five "Fiic iirms," nt a cost of seventy-five shillings each. The money wa» ■borrowi-d for the purpose, of Niithaniel Marsh. t Siveriil British vessels had already been taken by privateers and brought into Newburyport; and but a few days before, a Newburyport privateer, (the Yankee Hero) after a sharp engagement, had stiuck to a lii'itish frigate. HISTORY OV HAVERHILL. 895 Jolm Wiagate, Ens Abraham Sweat, James Eix, Nathan Ayer, Benja Moores, jr, John Grige, Peter Middleton, Dudley Duston, Joshua Mooers, James Clements, and Doct Pecker. Eix was hired by Isaac Redington and Enoch Marsh ; Ayer, by Deacon John Ayer; Benj Mooers, Jr., by Benj. Mooers and Samuel Souther; Grage by D.iniel D. E:>gers and Phineas Cirleton ; Middlcton, by John Sawyer and Joseph Dodge ; Duston. by Nathl. Marsh and Israel Bartlett ; Joshua Mooers, by Isaac Osgood ; Clements, by John White ; and Pecker, by James Duncan. On the -ith of July, the members of the Continental Congress affixed their names to the Diclarathii of Tndipiniincz, and the last hope of reconciliation with the mother country expired. But, as we have seen, this town was prepared to do its part in the contest, and cheerfully and promptly furnished "men and material" whenever called upon. They had early put their hands to the plough, and during the whole of the long and bloody struggle, we do not find the least sign or symptom of an inclination to look bach. On the 18th of July, order was received from Colonel AVhittier-' to draft every twenty-fifth man, destined for Ticonderoga. John Bailey, Thomas Hopkins, and Nathaniel Bodge, were drafted from the first compan}'-, and marched on the 17th of August. On the 2oth of the same month, every twenty-fifth man was raised, and marched for Dorchester. On the 22d of September, an order was received to raise every fifth man in tlie town, under fifty years of age, destined for New York. The quota of the First Company was twelve, and it was so classed that three men were to furnish one soldier each, and twenty-two were to furnish nine. In December, another was received, to raise every fifth man in the town, to march to New Jersey. The quota of the First Company was again twelve ; three of whom marched, .and the others employed substitutes. o The following letter, from Colonel Whittier, will be read witli interest. Though excused from marching to the field, he appears to have continued in charge of the home regiment : — " To the Honorable James Warren Esqr Speaker. — To be communicated to the Honorable House of Representatives at Watertown. Gentlemen, — I have very lately heard that I am appointed to the command of a Regiment for the Canada Expedition. I most sincerely it hcarlily thank the Honoble Court, for their repeated Honors done me — and should gladly hive accepted the appointment — were it not, that my Health ot late, has so far tailed me. that at present, I find myself nn.tble to perform a Jcmriioy of Twenty Miles without much difficulty & delay, — notwithstanding my willingness to assist in this (as I appreJKiul) just & rightcuus Cause — yet the great it constant care of a Rf;:-ment, ife the Fat'gues of such a long Jnurney. render it impossible formr to-accept the Invitation, with honor to niyst-lf, & any Adv.antage to the rnivmic. — tlKreture I trust, that the Hunoralib' Court will justify me, in declining to acci'pt, at present, of such an appuinlmcnt. Gentlemen, That yon m ly hive all that wisdimi which is proffitable to direct, — & that the .-Vni. riran Arms may be crowned with Victory i Success, is the Ardtut I'rayer of Your most humble A iil)i(liiut Servant " JOHN WHiTTiEK. Haverhill, July 1st, 1776." 396 niSTORT OF HAVERHILL. From the index to the Muster Eolls of Colonel Nixon's regiment, in 177G, — -which rolls arc now in the possession of the Antiquarian Society, of Worcester, Mass., — we copy the following names of those who were from this town. The whole number is 63 : — Joseph Ayer, Sergt, in Capt Gilman's Company. The following were all in the Company of Captain Moses McFarland, also of this town. Joseph Wood, 1st Jjicut Peter Cushing, Dudley Tyler, 2d Josiah Jones, Sergt Moses Porter, " Jona Serjeant, " Eliph Cole, Corp John Jipson, " David Peaslee, " Wm Baker, Drummer, John Tjder, Tifer Benj Burnham, Servant William Ayer, Private Jesse Bradly, Abiel Boynton, James Bradbry, Saml Baker, Christr Bartlett, Fortune Burneaux, George Craigc, Wm Cook Noah Church, James Durgen, Moses Downing, Moses Dennis, Beubcn Donalds, Joseph Elkins, Ebenezer Eastman, Alphexis Ecrren, Samuel Eulsom, Cato Frost. ^'"^ Grant Duncan, Joseph Johuson, Cato Kittredge,'-' Benj Long, Thos McWhitc, Hugh McDurmid, Joseph Morse, Samuel Marble, Benj Pettengill, Charles Pierce, Daniel Ecmick, Wm Serjeant, Wm Smith, John Smith, Jeremiah Stickney, Josiah Stevens, James Smiley, Paul Sawyer, Benj a Straw, Daniel Tyler, Theodore Tyler, Thomas Tyler, Francis Toll, John Taggart, Jona Woodman, Samuel Woodman, Jesse AVatts, John Wallace, Joshua Willett. Stephen Clark, While our town was thus freely sending its sons to the field of strife,- it was not neglectful of those other measures that required consideration, as a part of the great plan of American Independence", as may be seen by the following copy of the warrant for a town meeting, October 14, 177G : — "1st To see if the Town will Vote to give their consent that the present House of Eepresentatives of this State of the Massachusetts Bay in New England — Together with the Counsel, if they consent in One Body with the House and by equal Voice should consult ; agree on ; and Enact such a Constitution and Form of Government for this State as the said House of Eepresentatives and Counsel as aforesaid, on the fullest and most mature Deliberation shall judge will most conduce to the Safety, Peace, and Happiness of this State, in all after Successions and Generations: * Those to which a " is prefixed wore probably " colored persons," of whom there was a large number in the array. The first blood drawn in the Revolution, was that of a negro — Orispiis Attacks — at the Boston Miissr.cre, on the 5th of March, 1770. HISTORY OF HAVERHILL. S97 2dly and if Voted — Then — To see if the Town will Vote and direct that the same he made pnblick for the inspection, and perusal of the Inhabitants ; before the Ratification thereof by the Assembly." Upon both of these propositions the town voted affirmatively. The Continental Congress having called for 88 battalions " to serve during the war, or for three years," fifteen of which were apportioned to Massachusetts, a resolve passed the Assembly Janugiry 26, 1777, making a requisition on the towns for "every seventh man of sixteen years old and upward, without any exceptions, save the people called Quakers." The whole number who enlisted in this town, under this requisition, was sixty four. The following table, prepared from the " Eegular Army List," gives the name, time of service, &c., of each man : — Names Bounty Reed Regiment,|Tinie ofj Time of Service I Enlistm'nt Edmund Baker, i $20 Timothy Betle, ...... Samuel Buck Jacob Buck, Tortune Burnix, Eliphalet Buck, William Baker, Ebenr Ballard, "William Case, ........ ' Joseph Curriaur, Asa Currier, , James Clements, , James Clements Jr. . . John Dow, Moses Downing Charles Davis, William Davis , John Davis, , Edward Deacon, John Gross, Samuel Gage, Job Gage, AVilliam Grecnleaf,. . , William Hermon,.. . . . William Harriman Jr, William Harriman, . . 20 50 d. de.id Name of Com- 8. de- manders or Cap- serted tains mo. d 9th 14-0 DW- 9-18 35-0 3yrs D W 47-0 << 48-0 <( <' 11-7 <( 13 12-25 << 16 43-9 << 6th 9 12-24 46-6 3yrs D W <( 11-24 (( 11 11 33-0 5-20 3yrs 9 (1 35-0 36-0 (( (< 45-6 D W << 36-0 0-0 3yrs (1 10 36-0 <( 2d 12-0 D W nth 18-16 3yrs (( 35-4 13th 6-15 D W 9 . 9 4-17 46-3 3yrs D W <( 4-17 3yrs Dix Blanchard i2dCo s Cogswells Page jLt Inf d Holden Carr d Colos Co Invalid Greenleaf d I " 2d Co Carr 4th Co Bradford Greenleaf d iDvalid ' * Page d 2d Co *' During the war. 898 HISTORY OF HAVERHILL. Name i I {d. dead Names of Com- Regiment Time of Time of ' s. do- manders or Cap- ; Service Eulistm'nt serted i tains Perley Haynes, John Hutchins, John Hutchins, John Jepson, John Johnson Abner Kimball, Moses Keezer, Moses Lacount, Jonathan Longer, John Lowgee, John (or Jona) Moore. Nathaniel Moody Benja Moody, Samuel Middleton,. . . . . Humphrey Moody,. . . . "Moses Mo )res, Daniel Parker, Daniel Page, Benjamin Pressey, .... Nathan Peabody, "William Pecker, Oliver Page, David Peasley Joseph Eichards, James Bix, Jacob Piow, Samuel Remick Elias Rowell, Samuel Renes, William Smith, Samuel Staples, John Straw Jun, John Straw, John Thomas John Thomas, , John Willson, • Nicolus Wilcome James Pecker, 50 20 9 11 13 . 9 11 9 11 6 9 11 4 /9 ^< 4 8 9 9 11 13 5 9 9 13 9 << 13 9 (Hazens Begt) mo. d 3G-0 34-17 15-16 6-29 34-7 36-0 34-19 3-4 36-0 19-27 0-0 36-0 36-0 34-16 36-0 36-12 31-0 36-0 34-20 35-10 36-0 9-10 0-2 45-11 35-4 46-21 14-20' 12-20, 35-131 43-211 12-0 I 36-0 17-11 0-1 48-0 0-1 37-14 30-23 3 yrs D W 3 yrs 3 yrs D W 3 yrs n D W 3 yrs D W 3 yrs D W 3 yrs D W 3 yrs D AV 3 yrs D W Blanchard I'riBor.er Grcculeaf d Smart d Blanchard inva'id Grreenleaf Carr Invalid Greenleaf d Daniels Blanchard d Greenleaf Pope 2d Co 2d Co 'Page Wiley Blanchard Invalid Wesson Greenleaf s Page Col Co Blanchard !2d Co d I " " dead Blanchard Smart iBlanchard d Page d I " s Blanchard 2d Co s iBlanchard Carr Hushes In the above list we find the names of five who deserted. As we must make a corresponding discount from our town's patriotic account, it is no small satisfaction to give their names. Here they are : — Eliphalet Buck, BISTOKY OF HAVERHILL. S99 John Davis, David Peasley, John Thomas, John Wilson ! As Buck first served almost a year, perhaps we should have placed his name last on the list, instead of the first. At the annual meeting (1777) " Brig Gen James Brickett, Capt Timothy Eaton, Dea Ezra Chase, Lt Isaac Snow, Capt John Mulliken, Capt Samuel Merrill, and Samuel Ayer," were chosen the Committee of Correspondence and Safety for the year. In April, eleven men were drafted from this town, for two months service at Bristol, K. I. The following is a copy of their Pay Eoll : — " Pay Roll for Capt Johnson's--' Company in Coll Titcoms Ecgrat of Militia from the State of Massachusetts Bay to the State of Ehodisland for two months Service from their arrival in Providans in said State with addition of Days travil from their several homes to the place of Distination and Return home to the several towns where they came " &c. Bristol, June 27, 1777. Service. James Crowel, Lieut. 2mo lOd arrivd Apl 27. Dischd June 27 1777 Benjamin Ordaway Sergt. " " " '• " '< Caleb Cushen, " " " '• John Alley, Pr. " " " " " " James Kimball, " " " " " " «< Joshuay Kimball, " " " " •* *< •• Daniel Adams, " " " " •« " <« William Sergant, " " " " '< " <• Daniel Mitchal, " •* " " " '« " Joseph Ayers, " " " " •« " '< Jonathan Hayns, " " " " " «< <« May 21, 1777, a meeting was held, principally " To see if the Town will Vote to instruct their Representatives to form a new Constitution of Government in Conjunction with the Counsel — and when so formed to be laid before the Town for their Inspection and Approbation or Disapproba- tion, or alteration before it be Enacted." 2dly " To Chuse a Committee to see that the Regulating Act shall be carried into Execution, agreeable to an Act of the General Assembly." Upon the first article the town voted "not to instruct;" and upon the second, voted to choose a committee of three, to see the Act carried into execution. At an adjourned meeting, June 2d, " Brig Gen James Brickett, Capt James Sawyer, and Dea Jonathan Shepard," were chosen such committee. o Captain Samuel Johnson, of Andover. 400 HISTORY OP HAVERniLL. In July, another draft was made, for men to reinforce the northern army till January 1st, 1778. The First Company furnished eleven. In September, a volunteer detachment turned out to reinforce the northern army. Through the kindness of John Bartlett, Esq., a son of Lieutenant Israel Bartlett, we are enabled to give the names of these volunteers, and also a copy of the Joui-nal kept by the latter, during the time : — " Sept. 1777. Eecd an invitation for half this Ecgt to turn out as vol- unteers to reinforce the Northern Army for 30 days after their arrival at head quarters : the following turned out of this company : Capt. Xathl Marsh, Closes Emerson, Thomas Hanes, Lieut. Israel Bartlett, Ebcnczr Greenough, Cotton Kimball, James Ayres, John Gage, Dudley Ladd Jr, Benj. Moors Jr, r Jacob George, Saml Souther, Nathan Ayers, <^. ^i^ -^^David Green. John Souther, Jonn Baker, >- James Haseltine, Jeremh Stiokney, Edmund Chase, Saml "Walker, Ebenezr Duston. Benj. Baker reed half a hire from David Marsh. Ebenezer Porter paid by Charles Haddock. Joshua Moors paid by Ebenezer Wood. Jonn Har- ris paid by Phineas Carlton and Enoch Marsh. Mark "Withan by Simon Mansies. John Clark reed 8 Dollars of J. Eeddington. Enoch Caldwell paid 20 Dollars. James Pell paid 20 Dollars. Marched -ith. Oct. 1777. "Was absent 5 weeks, hire £0.0.0. Gen. Bricket turned out at the same time." ' ' Journal of a march in the year 1777, when the British Army Surrendered to Gen- eral Gates ; kept by Israel Bartlett. Oct. i Marched, put up at Osgood's in Andover. 5 Marched and put up at Bedford. 6 Breakfasted at Concord ; Dined at Stow ; poor house, but fine peo- ple — Put up at Bolton, good house — 7 Breakfasted at Lancaster — Dined at Holton — Put up at Eutland at one Bartlet's, a very good farm. 8 Breakfasted at Oakham — Passed through Newbraintrce and dined at Hardwick — Put up at Hinse's in Greenwich — 9 Breakfasted at Amherst — passed through Hadley and put up at Northampton. 10 Dined at Chesterfield — Stop'd and baited at Partridgeficld — Put up at Worthington — 11 Put up at Pittsfield — HISTOET OF HAVERHILL. 401 12 Marched to Hancock — Stopd & viewed tte spring & dined atPhil- lipstown, put up at ditto — 13 Settled all accounts in Company — Arrived at the New City of Albany & passed over the North Eivcr, and put up at Half Moon — 14 Marched and arrived at the Old Camp at Stillwater. 15 Marched and arrived at Head Quarters at 12 O'Clock. Encamped in the Woods — Good House & Grand fire. 1 6 A fine morning, opens with expectations of seeing Mr. Burgoyne & all his troops in our possession this day — 10 O'clock, we were alarmed and ordered to turn out, for that Gen. Burgoyne had refused to sign the capitulation, and hostilities would Com- mence in one hour. Defered till 1 2 O'clock — Sunset; news again, that the articles arc signed — General orders, that men lay on their arms, for the Gcnerijl suspects treachery. 17 Parade at 10 O'clock to receive Gen. Burgoyne, who accordingly arrived at 12 O'clock, and the troops folloAved at three O'Clock. we are ordered to draw three days provision, and march in order to take charge of the prisoners, who are to march to Boston. 18 Marched to Stillwater — This day very fatiguing. Encamped this night 19 Marched this day at 1 O'Clock 8 miles and encamped in the woods. 20 Marched this morning & gained 10 miles, which brought us to the front of the army at a place called St. Croix. 21 Marched 18 miles to Williamstown, through a severe snow storm, put up at a very good house — ;22 Halted all day at Williamstown to draw provisions — 23 Marched at 10 O'Clock towards Lanesborough — The army in two divisions ; we in the rear of the first division. 24 Marched 7 miles to Pittsfiekl and halted at good quarters — 25 Saturday. We marched to Worthington 20 miles, through exceed- ingly bad mountains and deep jnud — We marched late, but got good quarters — 26 Sunday we rested — The people very religious. We are to march tomorrow to Northampton, 27 Monday. We marched to Northampton to day, 18 miles, through th'e rain & mud, very fatguining. Arrived at 2 O'Clock — Three men left came up to day and tell us that the people, we thought religious, deny our paying reckoning. 51 402 HISTORY OF HAVERHILL. 28 Tuesday. We rested at Hampton all day on account of a very severe storm of rain and snow. 29 Wednsday. "We are ordered to advance in front. IVe marched and crossed the river at 10 o'clock, and advanced four miles from Hadley : place called Amherst. 30 Thursday. We marched thro' Belcher and Ware and put up at Weston, about 20 miles from Amherst. 31 Friday We marched 1^ mile and halted in front of the British Army — Breakfasted & marched to the furthest part of Brookfield 1 1 miles from our last quarters. Were forced to march 4 or 5 miles further than we intended, for want of quarters. Xov. 1 Saturday — We marched 1^^ mile to Spencer & halted all the rest of day to draw provisions ; the commisary being absent, could not draw 2 We drew one day's provision and marched thro' Leicester and halted at Worcester, 14 miles from our last quarters. 3 Monday. We mai-ched to Northborough and halted 10 miles from our last quarters. 4 Tuesday — Marched from Northborough to Marlborough, 8 miles and halted — we are mustered and obliged to march, occasioned by the Artillery's advancing beyond the lines set — we marched 5 miles and halted at Sudbury. 5 Wedny. Marched to Watertown, 5 miles from Cambridge, 6 Thursday we marched to prospect hill in Charlestown, through rain and mud, the worst day's march we have had; we expected ta continue till rested, and draw provisions, as we had none since we left Brookfield : but on our return from Prospect Hill a Maj, of Brigade overtook us and dismissed us, with the General's thanks; but the provision would have done us more good, as little could be procured at Cambridge." The closing paragraph of the Journal affords us an opportunity to say that General Brickett, who commanded the escort of the prisoners, seriously embarrassed himself by advancing large sums of money from his private purse, and contracting obligations to furnish necessary provisions and accommodations for the troops, during this long and tedious march, ^or all this, he nei^er received one penny ! Massachusetts claimed that it be- longed to the United States government to reimburse him ; and Congress was pleased to refuse to allow him the claim, on the ground that General Brickett was not an United States officer, but under commission from Massachusetts I Between the two, the General's just claim fell to the HISTORY OP HAVERHILL. 403 ground, and to this day tas never been paid. When Congress afterward pensioned the soldiers of the Ecvolutiou, General Brickett was urged to seoure one for himself, as he could readily do so, but he indignantly refused to accept a pension, while his higher claim was ignored by the government. The following, copied from the original in the State Archives, arc well worth a place in our pages : — " To the Honorable General Court Xow sitting in Boston. The petition of B. G. James Brickctt Humbly Sheweth, That whereas in obedience to a Eesolve of the Genl Court in the year 1777, for Eeinforcing the Korthern Army, then under the command of General Gates, I marched with a number of Men, and joined said army, soon after which the articles of Convention between Mr General Gates and Gen Burgoyn were Exchanged, after which by the General's Direction, I re- cieved orders to take ye command of the Escort for Gen Burgoyn's troops from Saratoga to Boston, which Business was compleated as Expeditious as possible, for which Services I have not Eecieved any Eecompense. Not- withstanding the aplication made to Generals Heath & Glover — who I considered as the proper persons to apply to • — wherefore this is to beg you would consider of the affair & Grant such compensation, as you in your wisdom shall think proper for said services, & the Necessary Extra Ex- penses I was at — and your petitioner as in Duty Bound will ever pray Dated Haverhill . James Brickett March 27th 1780 "I do hereby Certify; That Brigadier General James Brickctt, was appointed to ye Command of about five Hundred Militia, Detached from General Gates army, to Guard a Division of ye Convention Troops, from Saratoga to Cambridge, in Octobr 1777 — which Charge he executed with Judgment and Prudence Jno. Glover B General Marblehead 29 Apl 1780 " State of Massachusetts Bay In the House of Eepresentatives May — 1780 On the Petition of Brigr James Brickett Kesolved that Brigr James Brickett be allowed for his Services in Eein- forcing the Northern Army under the Command of Major Genii Gates ; that he be permitted to make up a Eolle as Brigr and Exhibit the some to the Committee on Eolles for allowance ; & the Trear is hereby ordered to charge the same to the Continent." 404 HISTORY OF nATERHILL. General Brickett afterward wrote that he would make up his Rolls as' soon as he received returns of " parts of one or two Eegiments." This is as far as we can trace the matter. For reasons above given, he finally failed to receive his well-earned wages. But to return to our town. October 6, 1777, a meeting was warned, " 1st. To see if the Town will carry into Execution a late Act of the Great and Genl Court, intitled an Act for the Securing this and the Other United States against the Danger to which they arc Exposed by the inter- nal Enemies thereof : 2dy To see if the Town will chuse some One Person to collect Evidence against those Persons that may be deemed Enimical to their Country, as directed by the said Act : 3dy. To see if the Town will chuse a Committee to Supply the Soldiers Families that are gone into the Continental Service, agreeable to a Eesolve of the General Com-t of this State." Upon the first and second articles, the vote was in the affirmative ; and Thomas "West was chosen to collect evidence, agreeably to the second article. At an adjourned meeting, held October 20th, a committee of ten were chosen " to supply the families of such non-commissioned & private sol- diers as are in the Continental Service." The following are the names of the committee : — Thomas West, Deacon Moses Clement, Edward Ordway, John Mitchell, John Smith, Jr., Jonathan Webster, Esq., Mr. Isaac Eed- ington, Captain Timothy Eaton, Deacon Ezra Chase, and Lieutenant Isaac Snow. January 12, 1778, a town meeting was called, " To see if the Town will take into consideration the Proposals of the Continental Congress in entering into a Confederation, and perpetual Union between the States, and to give Instructions to their Eeprcsentativcs how to act for or against it." The following named persons were chosen a committee "to peruse the. Articles of Confederation, and give their Eepresentative Instructions Eespecting them " : — Hon. Judge N. P. Sargeant, Brigadier-General James Brickett, Major Enoch Bartlett, Samuel White, Esq., Mr. Joseph Haynes, Captain Samuel Merrill, Mr. James Duncan, Doctor William Bachellor, Deacon Ezra Chase. The meeting then adjourned for one week. January 19th, the inhabitants of the town met, according to adjourn- ment, and passed the following : — '• Voted, That a Union of the Thirteen independant American States is a Ma~tter of the greatest importance for the defence and Protection of this and the Other American States: HISTORY OP HAVERHILL. 405 Voted, That the Confederation, or Plan of Union formed hy the Honble Congress, and laid before the Town, is in general very agreeable. Though in some respects we could wish it altered : Voted, as the Opinion of this Town, that the Larger States in this Con- federacy Ought to have votes in Congress, in, or near the proportion of the Taxes they pay for the Common Defence. — that it appears necessary some Plan or Mode should be added to the Confederation for compelling such States as shall be defective in Raising Men, or Money for the common Defense, to perform their Duty : Lastly Voted, that our Eepresentative be Instructed, in Conjunction with the Other Representatives of this State, to Authorize our Delegates, or any Number of them in Congress, to confirm and establish this Confederation, or Plan of Lnion, with such alterations and Amendments as the General Assembly may think necessary. The Moderator dismissed the meeting." At the annual March meeting, the following were chosen the Committee of Correspondence and Safety: — Brigadier-General James Brickett, Captain Timothy Eaton, Deacon Ezra Chase, Isaac Snow, John Saw- yer, Captain Samuel Merrill, Joseph Pike. The renunciation of allegiance to the Crown of Great Britain, rendered it necessary for all the American colonies to establish, as soon as practica- ble, independent governments, for the protection and security of the people and their interests. The growing necessity of a Constitution, or Form of Government, for Massachusetts, led the General Court, in June, 1776, to appoint a committee to prepare one. But as the opinion was generally expressed that the subject should originate with the people, the business was not proceeded in by the committee. The House contented itself with recommending the people to choose their deputies to the next General Court with power to adopt a form of government for the State. This recommendation was renewed more formally the next spring. In the in- terval, a convention of the Committees of Safety of a majority of the towns in the State, met at "Worcester, and voted that it would be improper for the existing General Court to form a constitution, but that a conven- tion of delegates from all the towns should be called for that special purpose. . A majority of the towns having chosen their representatives with a special, or, at least, implied consent, to form a constitution, the General Court at their next session appointed a committee for that purpose. The result was, that a draught was agreed upon, approved by a convention, and submitted to the people. 406 HISTORY OP HATERHILL. April 13, 1778, a town meeting was held " 1st To see if the Town will vote to accept of the New Form of Govern- ment lately proposed by the Convention of this State : 2d. To see if the town will vote to joyn in a Convention of this County, to be held at Ipswych on the 15th Instant, relating to the new Form of Government, proposed by the Convention of this State, as recommended to us from the Select Men of Newbury Port." " Voted, not to act on the 1st Article. Voted, not to comply with the Eequest of the Select Men of Newbury Port &c." The meeting was then dismissed. May 21st, another meeting was called to consider the subject. The warrant for the meeting directed " all Male Inhabitants being free and Twenty one Years of Age To take into their deliberate Consideration the Constitution and Form of Government agreed upon by the Convention of this State on February last ; to see if the town will approve of the same." The Clerk records : — "At the Request of the Moderator, I read the Form of Government proposed. After some talk, & without any Vote being tried, the meeting was adjourned to Monday next." Monday, June 8th, the town again met, and proceeded to vote upon the proposed Constitution. The result was seven votes for, and sixty-three against it. The record gives us no clue to the reasons for this strong oppo- sition to the new Constitution, but we find that throughout the State the general objections against it were, that it contained no declaration of rights ; that the principle of representation was unequal ; and that the powers and duties of the legislators and rulers were not clearly and accu- rately defined. Besides, the opinion was still general, that such a Constitution should be framed by a convention of delegates, chosen directly by the people. The vote in the State stood ten thousand against the con- stitution, and two thousand in its favor ; and one hundred and twenty towns made no return. While the people were thus laboring to establish a proper form of state government for themselves, they were at the same time making the most vigorous efi"orts to establish their national independence, as may be seen from what follows : — May 5th, a meeting was held to see what the town would do about " procuring fifteen soldiers for the Continental Army, which this Town is obliged to Eaise." After voting that they would raise the men required, it was " Voted that the Militia Officers of the Companies of this Town be em- powered to procure by hiring, sd soldiers, on the most reasonable Terms, at the Charge of the Town : HISTORY OP HAVERHILL. 407 Voted tLat the Town Treasurer be directed to hire & furnish sd Officers with such sums of Money as may be necessary for raising sd Men : The Officers to be accountable to the Town, for such sums of Money as they shall recieve." The meeting then adjourned for one week. At the adjourned meeting, the treasurer was directed " to hire Money as soon as possible, to enable the Officers to raise Soldiers"; — and the militia officers were ordered " to raise Men for the Militia Service, by hiring, at the Charge of the Town." On the succeeding page of the town records, we find a list of the names of those of whom the treasurer borrowed money. It is as follows : — " According to a Vote of the Town in the last Meeting, held on May 5, 1778, I borrowed Money of the following Persons, viz. 13 Eevd Gyles Merrill £ 75 Isaac Eedington ^18 Capt Jas Sawyer 100 Langley Kelley 90 Jno Farnham 200 13 Edmd Kimball 30 Israel Burtlet 30 16 David Brown 30 14 Daniel Lord 25 Anthony Chase 100 15 Saml Jackman 45 Austin George 39 Willm Morse 68.2 Capt Jas Sawyer 60 Gideon George 180 William Appleton 30 18 James Whittaker 30 Caleb Cushing 150 19 Mrs Anna Gushing • 57.7 July 2 Mehitable Carleton 36 Charles Haddock 100 4 Lieut Israel Bartlctt 30 21 Thomas Whittaker 15 13 Capt Daniel Eames 15 Capt Timo Johnson 90 Capt Nat Marsh 30 23 Thomas Sargent 30 Capt Daniel Johnson 58.18 Saml Jackman 9 James Ayer 30 Joel Harriman 30 Joseph Snow 19 25 Timothy Ayer 60 Simon Hariman 10 36 Ephraim Brown 40 Jno Whittier Jur 5 . Samuel Eames Jur 70 Israel Bartlett 35 28 James Kimball 60 14 Ebeor Gage ■36 Benja Baker 60 Joseph Youring 90 29 Frances Smiley 70 18 Jona Sawyer 40 Jno Baker 70 31 Ebenr Gage Jur 15 30 Eachel Duston 12.12 Aug 5 Bradley Mitchell 18 1 Caleb Cushing 20 10 Abigail Smiley 48.14 2 David Smiley 55 Sept 1 1 Dea Jo Kelley 15 3 Deacon Ezra Chase 50 24 Joseph Hall 11.8 8 Samuel Ela 90 Daniel Carleton 21 10 Levi Senter 62 Stephen Cai-leton SO Zebadiah Barker 30 John Emery 30 Capt Saml ]\Ierrill 19.16 Deacn Jos Kelley 20 James Pecker 30 26 John Ayer 21 403 HISTORY OF HAVERHILL. 30 Dca Ezra Chase 54 Apl 17 JnoBrickett 60 Kov 23 Willm Chase 30 May 31 "Widow Phebe Hatch 626 Dec 1 Jona Simmons 30 June 1 2 Langlcy Kellcy 90 31 Moses Simmons 12 July 12 John Gross 282 1779. Edmd Baker 150 Jan 12 Capt Daniel Johnson 16.4 Nat Soley 282 14 "William Chdse 30 Eben Bradbury 45 Mar 16 Widow Sarah Ayer 129.6 Mary Baker 12 April 9 Francis Smiley 30.10 1 13 Daniel Quimby 200 David Smiley May 1 Benja Baker 15 75 £4963.5 May 13 Nehemiah Simmons 51 The drafts upon the town this year were by no means light. In March, two men were detached to serve as guards at Cambridge. In April, an order was received to raise fifteen men in this town, to complete the fifteen batallions which were raising for the continental army. The town voted a bounty of one hundred pounds to each soldier who would enlist. They were to serve nine months' after their arrival at Fishkill. Thos'e who were detached from the First Company, were Nathan Kimball, Thomas Sargent, William Appleton, Moses Harriman, Gilbert Bond, Ephraim H. Brown, Samuel Fames, Francis Smiley, Jeremiah Davis, Edward Baker, jr., and Daniel Quimby. In May, another order was received for a detachment of ten men, to serve eight months after their arrival at Peekskill. The town voted a bounty of ninety pounds to each soldier that would enlist. The following enlisted in this service : — Samuel Ela, Robert Griffin, David , Abraham Silver, Levey Senter, Zebadiah Barker, jr., James Pecker, In July, twelve men were detached for Rhode Island. The following gives their names. They are copied from " A Muster Roll of Capt Jona- than Fosters Company of Col Nathl "Wades Regt of the Mass Troops now in the Service of the United States. Stationed in Middlcton in the State of Rhode Island for the term of Six months from the first of July 1778." Sergt John Whittier enlisted July 1 Pr Parker Xoyes enlisted July 1 Pr John Berry <( " 9 " Jonathan Silver " 9 *' John Gage •' " 9 " Joseph Snow " 9 " Simon Herriman ♦' " 9 '* Theodore Tyler " 9 " Peter Middlcton >i " 1 " Mark Witham " 9 ** Joshua Moore (( " 11 .** Ebenr Webster " 9 In the same month, six men marched to Cambridge, and were paid by the town, and six men were detached from the First Company, to serve six weeks at Rhode Island. In September, nine men marched from this town, three from the First Company, to serve at Boston till the 1st of January, 1779. msTOllY OJ- HAVERHILL. 409 To rais3 mon and money for tliese frequent drafts, required the exertion of every nerve, — hut it was done. The following items will show some- what of the expenses of the town for the national cause, this year: — Sixty pounds were paid to four men, who served • as guards at Cam- bridge." Oae huudred and twenty pounds were paid to eight soldiers, "who " served about Boston." Seven pounds eleven shillings were paid to two men for " going to Boston ; " these were probably Simon Harriman, and Joseph Snow, who enlisted, July 3d, for a six mouths' service, and were paid fifty-five pounds each by the town, in addition to their expenses to Boston. Xine soldiers enlisted in the militia, and were paid by the towa. The amount paid them was five hundred and ninety pounds. For the fifteen soldiers for the continental army, the town paid fifteen hundred pounds. Two men served on AYinter Hill five months, to whom the town paid fifty pounds ; they were Daniel Adams and Samuel Le Courts Eight men served in the militia three months, and were paid three hundred and twenty-four pounds. Six men marched to Providence, and were paid three huudred and thirty pounds. On the 30th of June, the town raised two thousand and six hundred pounds to defray the charges " it had been at in procuring soldiers for the continental army and for the service of the state." It was also voted " to raise £500 to hire the soldiers this town is now obliged to raise." On the 19th of July, six soldiers were hired, to be stationed at Cambridge, to whom the town paid one hundred and ten pounds. Besides these expenses, the town paid several hundred pounds for sup- plies to the families of soldiers. This year there were at least ten such families principally supported by the town.--- But we find no symptom of a murmur. At a meeting in September, the militia officers were dii-ected *' to hire any detachments ordered by authority, at any time," and the treasurer " to pay what money was neces- sary for them." If he had no money, he was "to hire some." In June of this year, the Greneral Court made a requisition on the towns for clothing for the soldiers of the army. This town came up promptly at the call, and we find in a single receipt, dated December 11, 1778, the items — 150 shirts, 91 pr shoes, and 57 pair stockings sent from Haver- hill. The whole expenses of the town for soldiers this year, was upwards of thirty-one hundred pounds ! o From September 1st, 1777, to March 1st, 1779, the town paid for this purpose £934.2.0. The whola »i'.ii!i!)rr of families was foui-tcen. The sum paid from October, 1779, to January, 1780, was £137.4.6. 410 HISTORY OF HAVERHILL At the annual meeting in 177f>, Thomas West, Lieutenant Peter Carl- ton, Colonel John Whitticr, Captain Samuel Merrill, Phinehas Carlton, Isaac Snow, and Samuel A\-er, Jr., were chosen the Committee of Corre- spoudence and Safety.-"' The committee to supply the families of those soldiers from the town, who were in the army, were Mr. John AVhite, merchant, Ebcnezer Gage, Senr., Jonathan Duston, Deacon Benjamin Clements, Captain Samuel Merrill, Samuel Ayer, Jr., Anthony Chase, Captain Joseph Eaton, Eichard Kimball, "William Ladd, Elias Johnson, Lieutenant Jonathan AVcbster, and Simon Ayer. The militia officers were again ordered to hire what men the town should be called on to furnish, and the treasurer was directed to pay the bills for the same. The following account of bounties paid by this town, between Febru- ary, 1777, and March, 1778, is copied .from the book of the province treasurer : — ■ Soldiers Xames Jacob Row Amt Bounty £14 Time r when paid Feb 10 Soldiers Names Eeubn Sillaway Amt Bounty 14 Time whett paid Mar Eobt Martin 15 " 15 Abner Kimbal 14 n David Peaslee 14 Mar 20 Benj Moody " 11 Samuel Buck 14 Feb 13 Eobt Brant << (( John Tyler 14 Mar Katl Peas Moody Congress laid another, the town's proportion of ^Yhich was thirty-nine thousand two hundred pounds. In July, a tax was laid to redeem a part of the continental bills, &c., and this town was assessed five hundred and four pounds, hard moneyS' In September, the town was called on to sup- ply sixteen thousand eight hundred pounds of beef, and they promptly chose a committee to purchase it. Lafayette having returned from France, with -the promise that another fleet and several thousand troops, were to be immediately sent to the aid of America, Washington desired to make more efl&cient efforts the coming campaign, and called on Massachusetts for four thousand men to re-inforce the army for six months. They were readily granted. The following were furnished by this town : — "Pay Eoll for the Six Months men" Belonging to the Town of Haver- hill 1780." Sartle Elexander. , Daniel Abbot. . . Noah Bailey Eichard Baker. . . John Browning. . William Bccard. . Silas Chamberlain Samuel Foster . . . Enoch Heath . . . . Levi Hastings. . . Joseph Herrimon. Joshua Jones . . . . Daniel Lord James Laferty. . . . John Moocrs Samuel Merrill . . Barthol Massey. . Samuel Pell James Springer . . James Scammons. Samuel Sargeant. Thomas Sargeant. Nathan Sola James Eccd Samuel Truck . . . When Marched When Discharged June 29 th Dec 10, 1780 Sept 26 June 29 Apl3, 1781 Dee 13 • Sept 26 " 26 Feby 9 Feb 9 June 29 Dec 23 Sep 26 June 29 Mar 5 Doc 16 " 29 " 6 " 29 " 20 " 29 " 18 Sep 26 June 29 " 28 '^ 6 Sep 26 June 29 Apl 19 Dec 15 " 29 " 8 Sep 26 June 29 " 29 " 30 " 29 «< 15 " 29 " 10 " 29 " 13 «' 29 " 13 " 29 " 8 Sep 26 •' 26 Feb 9 " 9 HISTORY OF HAVERHILL. 417 "Within a montli after, a call was made for four thousand seven hundred of the militia, for three months. This town's proportion was forty-seven. ='■' A large number of the soldiers having about completed their term of inlist- mcnt, Massachusetts was called on in December for four thousand two hundred men to serve during the war. This town's proportion was twenty- eight. A meeting was called, and a hard money tax of fifteen hundred pounds was voted to pay for the same. At an adjourned meeting, the captains of the companies of militia were made a committee to procure the twenty-eight soldiers required of the town ; and Judge Sargeant, Isaac Eeddington, Captain Timothy Eaton, Samuel Ayer, Jr., and Captain Joseph Eaton, were added to the committee, " to devise ways & means to pay the soldiers." It was then " Voted, That the Town Treasury be open to those Committees, & that the Town Treasurer be ordered to pay them ivhat Money they may call on him for, they being accountable for the Expenditure of said Money." Subsequently, the town adopted the "Class" plan, recommended by the General Court, in raising the men. By this plan, the inhabitants of each town were divided into as many equal portions or classes as there were men to be raised, and each class was obliged to furnish one man. Erom the official returns of the several towns, we find that the twenty- eight men were duly raised, and " marched." Besides men, and money, and beef, the town was also called upon to fur- nish clothing for the army. In January, 1780, they forwarded thirty-one blankets; and in April, they were assessed for fifty-eight pairs of shoes, stockings, and shirts, and twenty-nine blankets. By the returns we find that the whole were sent previous to November 11th. This was but a small part of the clothing furnished in December and January. Erom the returns of Jonathan Ayer, constable, we give the names of the persons of whom he collected in December : — " Phillip Haseltine, 3 blankets ; Joseph Emerson, 2 do ; Joshua Emery, 1 do ; Capt Timothy Eatton 1 do ; Ebenezer Baley 1 do ; John Smith Jr 1 do ; Lieut Baley, 4 shurts ; Ebenr Baley 2 do ; Amos Baley 2 do, and 2 pr stockins ; Wid Lydia Haseltine, 3 shurts, & 4 pr stockins ; Moses Haseltine 3 shurts ; Lieut Jona Webster 4 do ; Wid Euth Haseltine 2 do ; John Kezcr 4 do ; Moses Swaze 2 do, & 7 pr shoes ; James Webster 1 pr stockins ; Lieut David Bradley 24 pr Shoes; John Marble 10 yards cloth." c One of thpse was Daniel Bradley. Bradley was pre&ent, and on guard duty, when Major Andre was brought into camp a prisoner. He was the first butcher who rcQ^^ilarly attended Haverliill market. He died September 20th, IS J-1, in the 9-ith year of his age. Among the soldiers hired by the town this year, were Samuel Campbell and John Cox, who, it appears, were " taken up for stealing," and tried before Sam- uel White, Esq., and the town paid the costs in their cases, on condition that they enlisted I 63 418 HISTORY OF HAVERHILL. Among the old papers of the town, we found the original subscription book of the person employed by the town to collect clothing at diiFerent times ; and believing that the list of names will be read with interest, we copy them" : — Names 1 •f 3 Ul ca CO "VVidEutk-Sjmders... 2 , 3 Samuel Bradbury .... 2 1 Amos Eaton 4 2 Ebenezer Webster. . . . 6 Micha Emerson 1 Euth Emerson 1 John Emerson 1 Peter Emerson 2 Joseph Emerson 8 Jeremiah Emerson .... 5 John Page 5 2 Joshue Emery 2 Wid Abigal Webster. 2 Richerd Kimball 2 Abigail Marsh 2 peter Johnson 2 •Tohn Ealcv 2' Elias Johnson 4| Seth Johnson 6! • 1 James pike 31 5 Ephreum Robinson . . . 2 1 Ebcnzer Bayley 2 1 A Tnn^ T?nlpv. ........ 2 1 Pichard Baley 3 Jeremiah Baley 1 1 Samuel ]Merrill 2 William Ladd 3 1 Bcnjen Baley 1 John Emerson Jun . . . i Ammi Haynes 1 1 Anthony Chase 1 James Chase 2 1 William Bradley 2 2 Names John Swd Corles 1 Capt Joseph Eaton. . . 10 Nathl Clarck 2 Benja Ordway. . . . Capt Timothy Johnson 2 Widow Heseltine 9 Jacob Ela Capt Daniel hills. . . . John Downer Moses Swesey Josiah Emerson Jeremiah Heseltine. . Jonathan Bradley . . . Davide Bradley Samuel Ayer. ...... Isaac Snow Mary Bradley Joseph Greelay Folensbee Noise : John Sd George the Town Lieut Stephen Webster Widow Dusten lAron Carlton iLieut David Bradley 'Jonathan Baker , Benja Baker I Mary Bradley Davide Marsh William Bradley ... Nehemiah Emerson. Joel Hereman 30 10 5 6 10 9 * We copy tbe names as we find them — in groups. Each of these groups, or lists, seems to have beea » separate subscription. HISTORY OP HAVERHILL. 419 Mens Names U4 to DQ Persons Names 3 William Greenleaf. . .. Lef Stephen Webster. Seth Johnson Elias Johnson . * . . . • 1 2 6 4 2 I pr 5 8 8 1 pr 2 1 9 2 1 1 Mr Ennuck Mash Phineas Carleton Abarm Sweet, Daniel Hill 1 2 G 6 1 5 4 1 1 1 Ben Ordway James Bricket Esq . . . John Cogwell Jur. . . . Aaron Caltou James Heseltine Dea Thomas Webster . John Smith Jun WillEdards. 8 Sam White Esq Maverick Johnson. . . . Ebenr Ga^e ......... 2 1 Abel Page 1 John Williams Jkir David Mash, 1 ■it East parish things delivered "• Names | ■a J3 02 5 Names 3 02 1 IS Dea Ezra Chase James Pike 5 2 2 9 2 2 2 2 1 2 1 2 1 1 3 1 7 1 1 1 1 1 2 2 2 1 1 1 1 10 2 2 1 1 2 1 1 Perley Ayers Daved Webster William Ladd.. Capt Timothy Eaton . . Mr Joshua Emory .... James Chase Amos Page 2 1 3 2 2 6 5 2 8 2 1 2 4 1 1 1 2 1 1 5 2 2 4 1 1 4 1 Antony Chase Euben Currier Job Tyler . . . ., 2 Amos George Ephraim Ellet Daniel Appleton. .... John Hastings Amos Bayley Enouck Heriman Jerimiah Heselton. . . . Capt Joseph Eaton . . . Ithamer Bradley Jeremiah Emerson .... Joseph Emerson Dudly Tyler 2 1 Luas Bayley Ephrim Eobison Ebenr Bayley W alker Smith Thomas West John Sawyer James Webster Isaac Snow 9 John Ealey Jona Baker Peter Emerson Ebenr Mitchel John Swd Corles Benjamin Baker. ..... Nathan Ayer John Patty John Mitchel Moses Ayer 1 Eieut Croel Obidiah Ayer Sam Walker 2 Moses Webster Jun . . . 1 Jeremi Baley €apt Sam Merril •Jonn Emerson Jun. . . . Joal Herimn, Jacob Eala 2 2 John Eala. 2 420" HISTORY OF nAvimHrLt., " October ye 4th, 1779 "'» Names m , a o a J3 ^ ou OQ i V. Names Amos Eaton Elias Jolinson . • - Setli Jolmson. . • . Peter Jolmson . . . Capt Timothy Johnson John Davis Hannah Hunhins. . . Samuel Sarnders. . . . Elias Sergent Joseph Greeley Jacob Elec Wid Kuth Sarnders . , Samuel Page Capt Daniel Johnson Abigal Sai-nders .... Ephraim Eobeson. . . . Euth Sheperd Joel Herriman Jerh Haseltine 2 8 5 2 6 1 2 1 6 6 8 2 1 2 2 2 2 4 1 1 6 9 4 2 4 1 2 4 2 4 3 3 19 6 Lues Baley Ebenr Baley 'Amas Baley David marsh Wm Bradlay Gen Brickit , [Lieut Bartlet jNem Emerson ;A\'id Lydia Haseltine. Saml Haseltine ...... Jona Webster , lEuth Haseltine John Kezar Enoch Marsh Moses Swazey Lt David Bradley . Aaron Cai'lton Eicherd Haseltine . . . James "Webster 13 7 24 The expenses of the town in the year 1780, were indeed enormous, as may be seen by their tax for that year : — First Parish, Town Tax £185.15.12 State Tax £119.50.5 West " " " 198.09.6 " ♦' 127.94.9 East " " " 139.24.2 " " 89.89.18 North " " " 84.43.19 " " 54.49.5 The total State tax of the town was £18040.0.0, and its County tax was £224.1.0. The reader will of course remember that these amounts are reckoned in the continental currency, which was at a large discount at this time. But, notwithstanding this, the amount was still very large, and the inhabitants were compelled to make extraordinary exertions, and heavy sacrifices to raise the money. The town treasurer was paid for over nine days time in hiring money in the month of October alone. The Committee of Correspondence and Safety for this year, were : — General Brickett, Captain Samuel Merrill, James Pike, William Johnson, John Sawyer, Captain Timothy Eaton, and John Ela. In addition to the matters already noticed, the town was again called upon to consider the subject of a new Constitution for the State. The o This being the date affixed to the last list of names in the book, would seem to prove all the others of an earlier dale. A receipt in the book, dated May 5, 1778, makes it almost certain that such was the fact HlSTORr OP HAVERHILL. 421 convention called for that parpose, in September, 1779, appointed a com- mittee to prepare a draft, and then adjourned to the next January, when they again met and agreed upon a Constitution. This was published and sent to the towns for their approval, or rejection. May 2d, a meeting of this town was called, to see if they would "ap- prove of the Form of Government for the State of Massachusetts Bay, as agreed upon by their Delegates in a Convention lately held at Cambridge." General James Brickett was chosen Moderator, who " publicly read the new form of Government as published by the Convention ; and also num- bered the voters in the meeting, and declared them to be one hundred and nineteen." The votes were taken upon each article separately. Articles I. and II. in the Bill of Eights were unanimously agreed to ; but the third " was a subject of considerable debate," and the meeting finally adjourned to the next Monday, without taking a vote upon it.='' At the adjourned meeting, May 8, there were one hundred and seventy- five voters present. The debate upon Article III. was resumed, and continued for some time, when it was voted to pass over the Article for one hour. Articles IV to XX, inclusive, were unanimously agreed to, (except Article X, which passed one hundred and four to twenty-six) when the meeting again took up the third Article. <* The following is the Article alluded to : — • Akt. III. As the happiness of a people, and the good order and preservation of civil government, essentially depend upon piety, religion and morality ; and as these cannot be generally diffused through a community, but by the institution of the public worship of GOD, and of public instructions in piety, reli- gion and morality ; therefore, to promote their happiness, and to secure the good order and preservation of their government, the people of this Commonwealth have a right to invest their legislature with power to authorize and require, and the legislature shall, from time to time, authorize and require, the several towns, parishe-, precincts, and other bodies politic, or religious societies, to make suitable provision, at their own expense, for the institution of the public worship of GOD, and for the support and maintenance of public Protestant teachers of piety, religion and morality, in all cases where such provision shall not be made voluntarily. And the pcple of this Commonwealth have also a right to, and do, invest their legislature with author- ity to enjoin upon all the subjects an attendance upon the instructions of the public teachers aforesaid, at stated times and seasons, if there be any on whose instructions they can conscientiously and conveniently attend. Provided, notwithstanding, that the several towns, parishes, precincts, and other bodies politic, or reli- gious societies, shall, at all times, have the exclusive right of electing their public teachers, and of con- tracting with them for their support and maintenance. And all moneys paid by the sul>ject to the support of public worship, and of the public teachers afore- said, shall, if he require it, be uniformly applied to the support of the public teacher or teachers of his own religious sect or denomination, provided there be any on whose instructions he attends ; otherwise it may be paid towards the support of the teacher or teachers of the parish or precinct in which the said moneys are raised. And every denomination of Christians, demeaning themselves peaceably, and as good subjects of the Commonwealth, shall be equally under the protection of the law; and no subordination of any one sect or denomination to another shall ever be established by law. 422 HISTORY OB' HAVERHILL. The Recorder informs us that this " was a subject of much Altercation^ and considerable Time was spent in arguing upon it The following vote was passed, viz: 91 voted to have it stand as it was published by the Convention ; & 85 voted for an Amendment. This last Vote was recon- sidered by a Majority of 64, & on a second Tryal there were but 40 for the Article, «& 104 against it. A Division then took place in this last Number, concerning the alteration & Amendment. Two Plans were pro- posed ; one by the Honble Nat. P Sargeant Esqr ; & the other by the Eevd Mr Hezekiah Smith. A vote was tried on each of their Amendments ; & there were 79 in favor of the former, & Q6 for the latter." At this stage of the proceedings, the meeting was adjourned until the next day, in order, doubtless, that some compromise or plan might be pre- sented that Would secure a majority vote. At the next meeting sixty-six voters were present. Commencing at Article 21, the remaining portion of the Bill of Eights was unanimously agreed to, — except Article 28th, which had one negative, and the 29th, on which the vote was a tie. * The moderator then proceeded to lay before the town " the Frame of Government," which wasagi-eed to almost unanimously (except Article 2d, Chapter 1st, on which the vote was a tie) as far as Article 14th of Chap- ter 2d, when the meeting adjourned to the 22d inst. At the adjourned meeting the remaining portions of the Constitution were agreed to, (the most of the sections unanimously) except Chapter 6th, which was amended by adding the word " Protestant " to the word " Christian." General Brickett was chosen a delegate to the next Convention ; and the next Thursday (25th inst.) was fixed upon as the time to resume the consideration of the third Article in the Bill of Eights. At the adjournment, the first vote passed was, " to re-consider all that haa been acted on, i-cspecting the 3d Article in the Bill of Eights." It being then moved to ascertain by a vote how many were in favor of the Article, it appeared that 85 were in favor, and 69 against it. The Eev. Mr. Smith then offered an amendment,-' which was agreed to; and the following vote was passed : — " Tho' the Town have tho't fit to propose to the Convention some Alter- ations and Amendments in some of the Articles in the Form of Govern- ment they have made for the Common "Wealth of Massachusetts, are, notwithstanding of Opinion, & do consent, that the Whole of said Form, • What his amendment was, the record does not inform ua. HISTOKY OF HAVERHIIi. 423 as published "by the Convention, Ibe established, rather than the same should be returned to the People for farther Eevision ; which -will prevent its taking place, & being established so soon as we wish to have it." This town was not alone in objections to the Third Article of the Constitution. Objections were made in all quarters, and the subject was thoroughly discussed, both in public and private. Says Bradford, " The Baptists were the most inclined to complain, for the teachers of Keligion were generally of the Congregational order." They considered it oppressive, and inconsistent with their rights, that those who had belonged to other Churches, and were desirous of joining a Baptist Church, should be sub- jected to the inconvenience of applying for license so to do. The Constitution having been agreed to by a large majority of the towns in the Commonwealth, Monday, the fourth day of September was assigned for the election, by the people, of a Governor, Lieutenant Governor, Coun- cillors, and Senators, under the new Constitution. This being our first electfon under a State Constitution, and the inauguration of a new era in our local government, the following extracts from our town records of that date are of more than ordinary interest : — •■= " The Select Menf presided at this Meeting, who, with the Town Clerk, received the Votes, sorted, and numbered them. The Votes for Governor were, Forty Seven for the Hon'ble John Hancock Esq ; and Forty one for the Hon'ble James Bowdoin Esq. For a Lieut Governor, the Votes were, Twenty six for the Hon. Jno Hancock Esq ; Twenty two for the Hon Thomas Gushing ; Ten for the Hon James Bowdoin Esq ; & Two for Tristram Dalton Esq." Sixteen persons received votes for " Councillor Senators." Although hostilities had been for some time transferred to a distance from the State, yet Massachusetts was by no means relieved from frequent and heavy requisitions for men and materials to carry on the war. In Decem- ber, 1780, the General Court called on the towns for a fresh supply of beef for the army. The amount assessed on this town was thirty-two thousand, two hundred and fifty-six pounds ! Large as was the quantity, the town promptly voted to raise it, and laid a tax of £48,384 to pay for it. Hardly had the town time to collect and forward their quota of beef, when (June 22, 1781) they were called on for thirteen thousand, three hundred and fourteen pounds more ! At the same time they were assessed for c- The warrants for the town meetings at this time run as follows : — "These are to notify and warn the Freeholders and other Inhabitants of the Town of Haverhill, of 21 years old & upwards, having a Free- hold Estate within this State of the annual Income of Three Pounds, or any estate to the value of Sixty Pounds sterling, to meet," &c. t Previous to this time, the meetings were invariably presided over by a Moderator. 424 HISTORY or haterhill. i5fty-six sTiirts ; tlie same numlber of pairs of shoes and etockings ; and twentj-eiglit blankets. These -were all raised and forwarded before the middle of November. July 3d, the town was called on for four men for the Rhode Island service, and they were raised. In their warrant for the meeting to attend to the above, the selectmen say " and as there is a Necessity of their being marched immediately, it is hoped the good Inhabitants of this town will generally attend, and use their utmost endeavors in procuring said men."-' The effective aid of the French, in men and money, in 1781, threw a bright glow over our military and financial operations, and helped to crown our arms with brilliant success, both on sea and land. Early in 1782, the English government, wearied with the fruitless and desperate seven years struggle, and hopeless of success, began to think seriously of overtures of peace. The preliminary motion was made in Parliament Februar}' 27th, and five days later it passed. The preliminary articles were signed at Paris in the following November, and in September, 1783, the treaty was signed at the same place. Thus the war of the revolution was happily ended. The Colonies were wrested from the grasp of England, and American Independence was acknowledged and established. It was indeed " glad tidings " to Ameri- ca that peace was declared. Every countenance was radiant with smiles ; and the proclamation, when read, was hailed with tumultuous cheers. Bells were rung ; cannon fired ; bonfires lighted ; and, in the evening, houses were brilliantly illuminated. All were inspired with new life, and, looking to Heaven with grateful emotions, poured out their offerings of gratitude to God ! In looking back over the long and severe struggle, and considering how heavy was the burden upon the towns, especially of Massachusetts, it is with no small degree of pride that we find upon the official record the fact, that, upon the final settlement, Haverhill was deficient one man only, in all the drafts that had been made upon it ! We can, without exaggeration, o In Captain Nchcmiah Emerson's company, in the 10th Massachusetts Regiment, in 1781-2 were the followins from Ilavcrlii II : — Thomas Page, enlisted March 18, 1781, for 3 years Parker Page, " " 19, " " Nathaniel Clark, " '• 1-1, " " Thomas Page and Nathaniel Clark were only about fifteen years old when they enlisted. They were taken into his company by Captain Emerson, at their own urgent solicitation, and with the consent of their parents, as his musicians, Page being drummer and Clark fifcr. It is said that their youthful ap- pearance and skilful execuiion attracted the attention of Washington, who enquired of their Captam in regard to them, and drew from him the compliment (of which they were ever after proud) " they are vrtlly hoys." They remained with Captain Emerson until the close of the war. HTStOEY Ot HAVEKHILl. 42§ say that " there were but few towns, if any, which made greater exertions to forward the cause of freedom than this ; no effort was spared ; no sac- rifice was thought too great. The courage of the inhabitants never flagged, ■even at the darkest period; * they had nailed the flag to the mast,' to use the expression of a veteran of that period, ' and they determined to see ib wave in the winds of freedom, or fall nobly fighting.' They were willing to spend their treasures and shed their blood ; and when there was scarcely room to hope, the votes which were passed in their town-meetings, show a spirit of coolness, determination and patriotism which is truly astonish- ing ; — they evinced a chivalry far nobler than that of olden time ; they were actuated by a principle from which death only could separate iihem."" « Mirick. 426 HI3T0RT OT HlVEEHItt*' CHAPTER XXIII. 1765 TO 1790. During tbc period covered by tlie preceding chapter, the inhabitants of' this town ■were so completely absorbed in the great work of American Liberty, that but little time or attention was given, or indeed could have been given, to anything else. "We find, therefore, but few tilings to note during this time, except those relating to the great struggle, and which we have already considered in the above chapter. But these few matters will now find place, before we take up the history of the town under the broad and peaceful banner of American Independence and American Union. The items of the valuation of the town, as taken in 17G7, seem so well- worth an insertion in this place, that we copy the return in full : — *' Valuation of Haverhill, 1767. 478 Polls ratable, 27 Polls nOt ratable. 281 Dwelling Houses at £o each, £1405' 44 Work Houses 403 each 88 2 Distill Houses £23 each 46 3 Warehouses SOs ,, . ,12 3320 superficial feet wharf a SOs per 1000 feet 4.19.5- 19 Mills £6 each 114 10 Servts for life a 40s each 20 £4768.13.2 Trading Stock a 6 pr ct 268.2.4 242 Tuns of Shiping a 3 pr tun 36.6 £3855.12.2 Money at Int a 6 p ct 231.6.8| 186 Horses a 4s 9d 44.3.6 252 Oxen a 4s 50.8 716 Cows a 3s 6d 107.8 1315 Sheep &c a 3d- 16.8.& 59 Swine a 12d 2.19 1040 Cow Pastures a 1 2s 624 13765 bushels Grain a 8d 458.16.8 2736 barrels Cyder a 3s 410.8 916i Tuns English Hay a 12s 549.18 945 " Meadow Hay a 6s 283.10 £4791.13.41 HISTORY OF HAVERHILI.. 427 We presume no grumbling tax-payer will claim that this valuation was too high, as five pounds each for dwelling-houses, and forty shillings for a •"servant," certainly seems low enough. In comparing this list, therefore, with those of a later date, this extremely low valuation should be taken into the account. It will be noticed that this valuation list gives fifteen less slaves, than the census of 1764:, only three years previous. May not the difference be accounted for by supposing that the other fifteen were either too young or too old to be of any value, as " property ? " In 1767, the first powder-house was erected. It was eight feet square, but where it was located we are unable to say. February 23d, 1763, a Firs Olab was organized in this town, and fire- wardens were chosen. The latter were Cornelius Mansise, Enoch Bartlett, Samuel White, Esq., and Isaac Osgood. The object of the Club, was, to assist in extinguishing fires, and " in saving and taking the utmost care of each other's Goods " upon such oc- casions. The number of members was originally limited to twenty-five, each of whom was to provide " two good Bags, of one yard and three quarters in length and three quarters of a yard in breadth, with strings at the mouth ; and two good leather Buckets, " =■' =■■* =- and keep them hanging in a convenient place," ready for an emergency. The officers were a Moderator, who was chosen at each meeting, and a Clerk, who was chosen annually. Xew members were only admitted by unanimous con- sent. The penalty for non-attendance at a fire, was fifty cents. The members had a watch-word, changed at the pleasure of the society, which they were forbidden to divulge, uader a penalty of thirtj^-four cents for each offence. The number of original members was eighteen, and included the most prominent and respectable citizens in the village. Subsequently the Club (or Society) furnished themselves with a number of ladders, which were kept in different parts of the town, ready for emer- gencies ; and added a new feature to their Constitution, the design of which was to protect each other from loss of goods by theft. Their arti- cles provided that half the members should draw tickets at the quarterly meetings, upon which should be inscribed the different roads to be pursued in case of theft ; that those who drew tickets, upon the first information of theft upon the property of any member, should repair to the place where the theft was committed, or to his usual place of abode, and pursue the roads they had drawn, unless the committee of advice should prescribe different routes ; and it was made their duty to use the utmost exertion to apprehend the thieves and recover the stolen property. All extra expenses 428 HISTORY OP HATERHrLE. TVtre paid by the Club. This plan of operations was not only the means of recovering much stolen i)ropcrty, but the knowledge of its existence, and of the energy and perseverance with which all its doings were char- acterized, without doubt proved of still greater value by its preventative influence upon the evil disposed. The Club further extended their sphere of usefulness, by providing gi'apples for the recovery of bodies in case of drowning, and which were kept in constant readiness for emergencies. For a long series of years, the annual supper of the Fire Club was one of the great social occasions of the }' ear, and though the active duties of the Club have long since been transferred to the Fire Department of our town, the annual supper is still duly prepared and enjoyed by the surviving members of the Club, and its anniversary bids fair to be held in remem- brance these many years to come. The following is a list of the members of the Society, from its organiza- tion, in 17G8, to 1822, with the date of admission of each member : — " List of Menibers of the Fire Society." Kich'd Saltonstall, Esq-Feb »2 1768. Nathaniel 3Iarsh, James M'Hard, Esq. Enoch Bartlett, John "White, jun, Nath. Peaslee Sargeant, James Duncan, Nathaniel Walker, Major Edmund Mooers, John CogsAvell, jun. Isaac Osgood, Jonathan Buck, James Brickett, Benjamin Mooers, Jonathan Webster, jun. AVilliam Greenleaf, Cornelius Mansise, John Mulliken, David Marsh, jun. Isaac Bedington, Samuel Apple ton, March 17 Cutting j\larsh, Jacob Ayer, January, 17 Captain John WTiite, " Israel Bartlett, January, 17 Moses Dow, " Dr. Nathaniel Saltonstall " James M'Hard, " October, 1774 Phineas Carlcton, January, 17-75 ^Daniel D. Eogers, " " Joseph Dodge, " " Thomas Cogswell, " *" Samuel Souther, " " Bailey Bartlett, April, 1776 Nathaniel Sparhawk, Nov., 1777 Capt. Joseph Cordis, " " Moses Parsons, April, 177D Thomas Stickney, " " John White, jun. " 1780 Moses Fessenden, " " Capt. Benjamin Willis, " " Joseph Harrod, " " James Duncan, jun. January, 1781 Daniel Appletou, " " Capt. Simon Mansise, " " Timothy Osgood, 68 John Wingate, John Sawyer, 69 Jonathan Payson, Samuel White, jun. 73 Moses Gale, James Walker, Ebeuezer Gage, Samuel Walker, April " January, 1782 HISTORY OF HAVERHILL. 429 Rer. Hezekiah Smith, January, 1784 Leverett Saltonstall, Octoher, Dean Tyler, " " Justin Kent, " Calel) Stark, October, " John Huse, " Ebenezcr Greenough, " *' Eichard Kimball, " Edward "Woodbury, " " Ecv. ^Villiam Bachelder, Jan. 1£06 January, 1785 John Varniam, April, " July, " Samuel Bartlett, October, " jun. Oct. " Benjamin Clap, " " January, 1786 James Bartlett, " " 1807 " 1787 Charles White, April, 1S08 October, 1788 John Marsh, Eev. Joshua Dodge, January, 1809 April, " October, " January, 1810 April, 1811 July, " October, 1812 John Thaxtcr, Samuel Blodget, "William Greenleaf, Benjamin Mooers, David How, Leonard "White, Nehemiah Emerson, January, 1789 Henry West, October, " Daniel Brickett," Eev. John Shaw, " " Moses Marsh, jun. ' " 1790 Jonathan B. Sargeant, " " William Cranch, January, 1792 Moses Atwood, April, " John Johnson, July, " Abraham Swett, " " Henry Porter, April, 1794 Cotton B. Brooks, " " Benjamin Willis, jun, " " Ichabod Tucker, January, 1795 Eev. Abiel Abbot, July, " Ephraim Emery, April, 1796 Oliver Putnam, October, 1798 Caleb B. Le Bosquet, ^' " Daniel Swett, April, 1799 Moses Morse, January, 1800 EzekiH Hale, April, 1802 Dudley Porter, jun. October, " Jabez Kimball, January, 1804 Galen H. Eay, April, " ]\Ioses Brickett, January, 1805 Dudley Porter, sen. April, " The first Fire Engine in this town was purchased in 1769, by a com- pany formed for the purpose. In organizing the company, Cornelius Mausise was chosen Captain, or Chief Director, with fourteen assistants, including under officers. The company were to meet monthly. Those who neglected to attend the annual meeting, in May, one hour before sunset, to clean, fit, and exercise the engine, were to pay a fine of 8d to the Clark and treasurer. For absence at fires, the fine was 6s, and when a member wished to leave, he had to pay 3s. W^hen any one did not pay his fines, he was voted out of the company. Daniel Haddock, David Bryant, Nathaniel Hills, Peter Osgood, Jesse Harding, Moses Wingate, James How, David How, jun. James Atwood, " " David Marsh, 2d. January, 1813 Samuel W. Duncan, April, " AVilliam Greenough, Janu;;ry, 1814 Daniel Appleton, jun. " " William White, " " Phineas Carleton, " " John Atwood, '• '• James H. Emerson, Eufus Longley, Jonthan K. Smith, James H. Duncan, John Woodman, Isaac E. How, Eevd George Keeley, Nathan Webster, Stephen Minot, October, 1815 April, 1816 January, 1816 April, 1816 " 1817 Jan. 1819 Jan. " April, 1822 430 HISTORY OF nAVERHILL. The first election of officers was held May 16, 1769, wlien the following were chosen : — Cornelius Mansise, Captain ; David Eemick, James Soammon, John White, Thomas Cogswell, Enoch Marsh, Nath Marsh, Nath Walker Jr, David Bradley, Daniel Greenleaf, James Hcllard, Israel Bartlett, Bailey Bartlctt, Samuel Eamcs, Phineas GoirXQion, Assistants ; Nath Walker, Jr, Clark. The Clark was to " warne all sd company, when and ware to meet by a billet." August 1st, Wm. Lampson was chosen Lieutenant. September 19th, the company met for the first time at their new Engine House. The second year, David Eemick was chosen Lieutenant, and James McHard, Clark. Several of the members were fined for not appearing to exercise the engine, and it was voted that it should " be exercised at the sun one hour high for the futer, and the members be warned one day be- forehand, and any officer absenting himself shall pay 2s lawful money." March 19th, 1770, the company " took the engine out, worked her, and put her in again ; " and in the evening " met at Capt Bradley's for re- freshments, (ic." This engine was purchasted and kept in repair entirely by private sub- scriptions. The first mention we find of such a machine, in the town records, is in September, 1779, when a proposition was made " To see if the town will build a small Store house for Storing Publick Goods or Stores belonging to the Tov^n, together zoith the Engine.^^ The town voted not to act upon the article. In 1769, " salt works " were erected on Mill Brook, by one James Hud- son, and the town (September 21) voted him, as an encouragement, the sum of £13.6.8. But he soon found the business unprofitable, audit was abandoned. Among the town officers in 1771, we find, for the first time, " Weighers of Bread." Nathaniel Walker and William Greenleaf were chosen for that purpose. In 1773, a petition was presented to the town, and an article was there- upon inserted in the warrant for the annual meeting, " to see if the town will vote that the stream proceediug out of the Little pond''' be turned into his natural course from said pond to the West river. "f The proposition was negatived. o Round Puml. t LitlU. River. At Ihc nnnual meeting, in 17G8, James S:iwycr and Jolin Farnum were granted the privilege of fljwins the Great Pond, " to save water to grind at their mills," provided they secured the towu from damage, in consequence of such flowing. BISTORY OP HAVERHILL, 431 A tornado which took place in this vicinity, on the 1st of August, 1773, is thus described in a publication of that period. " The tornado took its course from the east, first struck Salisbury pointy ^d following the course of the Merrimack river, spread havoc before it for the space of a mile in width, extending to Haverhill. The devastation was almost beyond conception or description. Almost every house and building, from Salisbury point' to a quarter of a mile above Amesbury ferry, was levelled with the ground, uprooted, or otherwise damaged. A Capt. Smith, who belonged to Beverly; was sitting in a sail maker's loft, at Amesbury, when the storm commenced, and in a moment he and the whole building were carried away together, the building rent to pieces and dispersed. Capt. Smith was found lying senseless ninety four feet from the sill of the loft he was carried from ; one of his legs was broken, and he was otherwise bruised. A large white oak post, fourteen feet in length, and twelve by ten inches, was transported one hundred and thirty- eight feet. Two vessels of ninety tons, building in Amesbury, were lifted from the blocks, and carried sideways through the air, twenty-two feet. A large bundle of shingles was taken from the ground, and thrown three hundred and thirty feet, in an opposite direction to that of the post above mentioned, and at right angles to the course the vessels were carried. Large trees were torn up by the roots and cast into the river. Large oak planks were hurled, with the velocity of cannon balls, through the roofs of houses ; and, in fine, during the hurricane, which lasted a few minutes only, the air was filled with everything that could be moved, whirling with the most surprising rapidity through the air, and surrounding the affrighted inhabitants, some of whom were taken up by the winds, carried a consid- erable way, and let down safe : others were buried in their cellars, but were dug out without receiving any hurt. About one hundred and fifty buildings fell. " In Haverhill, the inhabitants fled in consternation from one large dwelling house, which was blown down, and thought to save themselves in a barn which was almost new, and filled with about thirty tons of hay ; but the barn was entirely blown to pieces, in another moment, and some parts of it carried to the distance of three miles. " This tempest was preceded by heavy rain and gross darkness ; and it appeared first on the Merrimack river, which was in the utmost tumult, rolling upon the banks, and threatening to swallow up the affrighted in- habitants." 432 HISTORY OP HAVERHILL. Mirick (who evidently mistakes in placing tlie date as the 13th, instead of the 1st of August,) thus describes the cflfccts of the tornado in this town : — " About 8 o'clock in the morning, a large black cloud arose in the South- west, charged with wind and rain. The wind came in a vein of only a few rods in breadth, and sweeping over Silver's Hill, struck the house of Mr. Bradley, now owned by Hon. Moses "\A'ingate. Mr. Bi*adley imme- diately ran to the door and attempted to hold it, while the family was thrown into the greatest confusion, running hither and thither, Q.mid the falling bricks, broken glass, and splinters of wood. The roof was instantly blown off, and a bundle of wool was taken from the garret and carried to Great Pond. Not a pane of glass was left in the house. The barn> which stood within a few rods of the house, was totally demolished, and a valuable horse which was then in it, escaped unharmed." The physical, as well as the political elements, seem to have been un- usually turbulent about these times. The year 1772 is set down as " uncommonly stormy," with much snow and wind in April, and a " great rain and freshet " in September. In September, 1773, the General Court passed an act " to prevent the destruction of Salmon in Merrimack Eiver ; " in which it was declared that no seines should be used which were more than sixteen rods long* They had previously been used, it appears, long enough to stretch quite across the river. The same fall, the town decided "to build a stone Pound in the comet of the parsonage pasture, neare Capt Eames." This was the old stone pound, which stood on the west side of Main Street, about midway be- tween White and Fourth Streets, and which was demolished not many years since. The house of A. B. Jaques, Esq., stands upon the original site of the pound. At the annual meeting, in 1774, it was proposed to see " whether the Town will vote Mr Hezekiah Smith residing in said town his proportion of Eents," &c., of the parsonage lands, "according to the number of his hearers belonging to Haverhill." The town refused to make such a divi*- sion, and also to choose a committee to examine the records of the Baptists.'- At the same meeting, a proposition was made, and agreed to, that two schools should be kept the year to come, " the one a Grammar School, and the other an English School." Though the record does not so state, yet . * The same propositiou was renewed in 1780, but " passed over." HISTORY OP HAVERHILL. 433 vr« presume tHe vote referred fo the First Parish only ; as grammar schools •were already kept in the several parishes. This year the town voted to choose a board of Overseers of the Poor, but after choosing them, re-considered their action, and decided not to have any. In 1776, the same thing was again done, and it was finally decided to add two more to the Board of Selectmen, — which was done. In 1781, the number was again reduced to three. In 1774, John Eaton, after faithfully serving as town clerk and treas- urer for the long period of fifty-seven years, retired from office, and John Whittier was elected in his place. " Glarh Eaton " lived in the house now owned and occupied by Joseph B. Spiller, just below the " button- woods." That he was well fitted for the responsible post, and commanded the respect and confidence of his fellow- townsmen, is abundantly demon- strated by his fifty-six annual re-elections to the office. Whittier having declined a re-election in 1778, Eaton was again chosen to the office, but refused to serve. He was then considerably past four-score years of age ! Among the names of the original grantees of the township of Eumford, Me., February, 177-1, (upon petition of Timothy Walker, Jr., of Concord, N. H., and associates,) we find the following from this town: — Benjamin Grale, James McHard, Phinehas Kimball," Nathaniel Marsh, Anna Stevens, Eobert Davis, Cutting Marsh Henry Lovejoy, The whole number of grantees was sixty-nine. In 1777, the small pox again visited this vicinity, and caused great alarm. A town meeting was called, April 8th, to see if the town would erect an " Innoculating Hospital." The town not only refused to erect such a hospital, but also refused to let it be done at individual cost, con- tenting itself with choosing a committee to act with the selectmen in preventing the spread of the disease. From the record of a meeting. May 21, we find that although the town had so decidedly objected to a hospital, one was then actually in course of erection ; and a proposition was made that the selectmen might be authorized to permit persons to be inoculated in it — but it was refused. The next year, however, it was found that some such measures were necessary, and in June it was voted to " give leave and admit of Innocu- lation in the town," and the selectmen were to appoint the time and place for that purpose. But before July was past, the vote was " revoked," and two months later, (September 21) it was " voted to prosecute those per- sons that have taken the small pox by innoculation in this town, or any that shall take it in future, without consent of the town first obtained." 55 434 nisTOKT ov haverhili. Three weeks later, it -was " voted to allow the inhabitants of the town to* be innoculatccl at the Hospital, or houses near it " A committee of scA^en was chosen to hare the charge of the hospital, and several regulations were adopted for their government.- Were it not for the extravagancies of even quite recent times, we should, perhaps, smile at this vascilating course. But when we reflect that, although the loathsome disease is now shorn of its principal terrors, yet its appearance in our communities is the signal for all sorts of wild fancies and fears, the smile assumes a doubtful significance. The winter of 1780 was one of remarkable severity. For forty days,' thirty one of which were the month of March, there was no perceptible thaw on the southerly side of any house. The snow was so deep and hard that loaded teams passed over walls and fences in every direction. Says Hon. Bailey Bartlctt, in his journal: — " Snow so deep and drifted that in breaking a path on the Common, we made an arch through a bank of snow, and rode under the arch on horse- back." The same year is rendered memorable for its " dark day," which occur- red oi\the 19th of May. For a week or more, the air had been very thick and heavy ; and, on the morning of the above-named day, very black clouds were seen to lise suddenly and fast from the west, and soon covered all New England with almost total darkness. It was darkest from nine o'clock A. M., to half-past three, P. M. About twelve, M., fowls went to roost, frogs peeped, cattle went to their barns, and night-birds appeared. About midnight, a breeze sprung up from the north-west, and the dark- ness gradually disappeared. It was attributed to a thick smoke, which had been accumulating for several days, occasioned by extensive fires in northern New Hampshire, where the people were making many new set- tlements. If the office of constable was not a desirable one previous to the war, it must have been much less so when the people were so heavily burthened with taxes, as they were about this time. We need not therefore be sur- prised to find that it was found necessary to order the town treasurer to prosecute those refusing to serve when chosen to the office. The depreciation of the paper currency had become so great, that, in 1781, the town decided not to receive any more for taxes. In September of that year, the town had £10,121.4.4 of it in the treasury. Exchange was then seventy-Jive to one ! This gives to the list of prices of that time " From the Town Records of 1782, we find the disease was still in the town, and the "Pest House" i» active operation. HISTORY OF HAVERHILL. 435 a really formidable appearance. Shoes were £20 per pair; milk 15s per quart ; plauk 27s per foot ; wood £35 per cord ; board £60 ,per week ; sugar o4s per pound ; meal 78s, and potatoes 9Gs per busbel ; rum 45s per pint; molasses 22s per pint; coffee, 96s, butter 60s, candles 60s, pork GOs, veal 2-ls, tobacco o6s, and ginger 60s per pound; and everything else in proportion. AVe copy the following as an additional illustration : — "1781. April 16, the town of Haverhill to Nathaniel Bradley to one mug of flip 3.12.0 to my horse to danvers 24. 0.0 to 3 messes of oats • 5. 8.0 to ferrage 1.16.0 to one dinner supper & Breakfast 18. 0.0 to one nights Lodging 1.16.0 to 4 mugs of flip 14. 8.0 to 3 half-mugs for my self 5. 8.0 £74.8.0 Errors Excepted Nathaniel Bradley."-' In 1782, the town's. proportion of the State tax was £2,026.4.0, and of the tax laid by Congress, for the war, £1,347.18.04 ! No wonder that men shrunk from the unpleasant duties of town ofiices. At the annual T meeting that year, Joseph Dodge, Captain Nathaniel Marsh, and Phineas I ' Carleton, were successively chosen town clerk and treasurer, the first two v refusing to serve ; and Deacon Moses Clements refused to serve as select- man. Four town meetings were held before a constable for the East Parish was finally secured ! Phineas Nichols and Ecuben Currier were chosen, refused to serve, and were fined £5 each ; and it was only by voting him their fines as a premium, that Edmund. Brown was induced to accept the office ! In 1783, the town voted to instruct their Representative to join the Piepresentatives of Newbury and other towns in the county, to memorialize the General Court in regard to " the iniequal distribution of the Courts in the County," and at a subsequent meeting it was voted to concur with Newbury and Almsbury in praying for the removal of all the courts and county offices to Ipswich. o Six years later, (1787), Rum was two shillings and sis pence per gallon; Shalloon, two shillings and sis pence per yard ; Sugar, nine pence per pound ; Chocolate, one shilling and four pence per pound ; Salt four shillings per bushel ; Coflee, one shilling and six pence per pound ; Brandy, five shillings per gallon ; Mutton, four pence per pound ; Floui', three pence per pound. 436 HISTORY OF HATERHILL. In the early part of May of this year, the selectmen received a letter from the Committee of Correspondence, of Boston, in relation to the return of " refugees " to this country, and an article was inserted in the warrant for a meeting on the 14th of the same month, to sec if the town would take any action in the matter. At first, it was voted not to take any ac- tion, but " after some debate," it was " Besolved, That it is the sense of this Town that their Eepresentative be Instructed that whenever the affair respecting the return of Conspiri- tors or absentees, should be laid before the General Court, by proper authority, that he do use his Influence in said Coui-t to prevent the Eeturn of said persons, until the Keasons for the same be laid before his Consti- tuents, if not Inconsistent with the articles of peace agreed upon at Paris by the Powers of War, in Nov. 1782." Bailey Bartlett was chosen Eepresentative to the General Court, in 1784, but declined, and Samuel White was then elected. Bartlett had filled the place three years, and was the first one elected by the town under the Constitution. The town acknowledged his past services by a vote of thanks. At the same time liberty was granted " to the Fire Club to set an Engine House on the west side of the landing, adjoining land of Samuel White." On the 29th of June, of this year, John Sawyer, who had been partially insane for several years, leaped from the belfry of the First Parish meeting- house. Mr. Bradford, the bell-man, who had but one leg, was ascending to the bell, when Sawyer crowded past him, and, without warning of his design, leaped from the dizzy height. He intended to throw himself directly upon the whipping post and stocks, which stood a few feet from the north east end of the meeting-house, but over-shot the mark, and landed on the side-walk. The fall broke his back, and he survived but a few hours. The year 1785 was one of remarkable extremes of weather, &c. April 1st, the snow was three feet deep on a level, and so hard, that as late as the 15th it was used for skating, and still later, bore up cattle. On the 13th, the Merrimack was passable on the ice. In September and October there fell unusual quantities of rain. In the latter mouth there fell in three days nine inches, and the Merrimack was higher than in tlie great freshet of 1745. Kovember 25, there was a remarkable snow storm, the snow blowing into halls, one of which ran 7G feet, and measured 17^ by 22 inches. December 18th, the frost was out of the ground, and the weather pleasant. One month later, was the "coldest night ever known in the climate." HISTORY OF HAVERHILL. 437 The novelty of the following, (which includes all the articles in the warrant for a town meeting November 14th, 1785) entitles it to a place in a history of the town : — " First, To see if it he the minds of the Town to have a bank of paper money Emitted if it may be done upon a Solid foundation. " Secondly, To chuse a committee to draw up Instructions for our present Deputy to forward the Matter that it may be done without delay." The scheme did not, however, appear to meet with the favor its friends expected. It was " voted not to act on the first article in the Warning," and the second was then passed over, as a matter of course. In March, 178G, the office of "Surveyor of Bread" was joined with another, called " Clerk of the Market." The latter was from this time regularly chosen annually, until quite recently. The Selectmen were at the same time ordered to regulate the size of all bread sold by the bakers in the town. This year is rendered memorable, by an insurrection in the western part of the State, headed by one Daniel Shays, and known as " Shays' Eebellion." The origin of these disturbances is to be found in the suffer- ings of the masses of the people under their grievous load of taxes. A few artful and unprincipled men, took advantage of their distresses, and pur- suaded them that they had a right to rid themselves of the restraints of law and government, which had so oppressed them. Early in August, delegates from about fifty towns assembled at Hatfield, " to consider and provide a remedy for the grievances they suffered," and though they professed to disapprove of mobs, their action so inflamed the minds of the ignorant, that three weeks after, a mob of fifteen hundred men, chiefly armed, assembled at Northampton, and prevented the sitting of the Coui-t of Common Pleas. The spirit of insurrection spread rapidly. The first of September, three hundred armed men took possession of the Court House at Worcester, and would not allow the Court to be opened. Soon after, a similar body assembled at Springfield, under the leadership of Captain Daniel Shays, but found the Court protected by six hundred of the militia, under General Shepard, and after threatening and alarming the people for four days, they dispersed. Similar disturbances occurred in Berkshire, Bristol, and Middlesex Counties, and the governor finally con- vened the General Court to consider the unhappy state of afi"airs. Previous to the last named act, the town of Boston held a meeting, and addressed a circular letter to every town in the State, "concerning the common interest of the country." On the receipt of the letter in this town, a meeting was at once called, and a committee chosen to draft a suitable 438 HISTORY OF HAVBRniLL. reply. General Briclcctt was chairman. At an adjourned meeting the committee reported the following, which was read and adopted, and sent out as the deliberate conclusion of the town. The document breathes the purest and loftiest patriotism : — " Haverhill, the 10th of October, 1786. Friends and Fellow Citizens : — Your circular address of the 11th of September last, to the several towns of this Commonwealth, has been received, and laid before this town at a legal meeting of the same, and a serious attention paid to the importance of the subject. The blessings of a free Government, and an undisturbed, impartial administration of justice, are the peculiar advantages of freemen, and when contrasted with the miseries attendant upon a despotism, appear as objects too dear to be sacrificed without a struggle. So sensible of these advantages were the good people of this Commonwealth in formiug their Constitution, that they, with grateful hearts, acknowledge the good- ness of the Great Legislator of the Universe iri affording them in the course of this Providence, an opportunity, deliberately and peaceably, without fraud, violence, or surprise, of entering into an original, explicit and solemn compact with each other, whereby the dignity of man was preserved, his essential rights and liberties guarded, and the fruits of his honest industry and labor secured to him, against the avaricious grasp of a despot or his minions. Under a Constitution so mild and equal, being neither the result of fear or surprise, nor any system imposed upon us by a foreign power ; but made our own free act and deed, by our voluntary consent in which the various branches of government are wisely separated, arranged and organized, and so ample provision made for the regular and impartial administration of law and justice, we flattered ourselves we should have enjoyed for a long time the blessings of peace, good order and harmony. From our government being annually elective by the people, they have a complete control over their rulers, and it is our peculiar advantage that both governors and governed feel alike every public burden, and share in common every calamity and distress. If at any time we are agrieved, the avenues to Government, when we apply for redress, are not closed against us, nor guarded by a military power to overawe us. We have a right to apply for relief, and the Con- stitution has pointed out an easy, cheap, and expeditious mode, unattended with any of those dangers to which the Commonwealth may be exposed, when combinations of armed men undertake to redress what they deem grievances, and in effect legislate for the whole people. The late tumul- HISTORY OF HAVERHILL. 439 tuous and riotous proceedings in some counties of this Commonwealth in interrupting and stopping the Courts of Justice, from which government derives so much energy and support, are so repugnant to the Constitution, and so abhorent to every idea of peace and good order, that we think it is our indispensable duty to bear this public testimony against them, as sub- versive of government, and tending to introduce a state of anarchy which may terminate in the establishment of despotism and arbitrary power. We deprecate the consequences of svxch proceedings, as having a tendency to remove every guard and barrier which the Constitution has placed over our lives, liberties and property, and everything else men hold dear in civilized societies. The zeal and activity displayed by his Excellency the Governor in calling upon the good people of this State to exert their efforts to avert the impending ruin, are so expressive of his anxious solicitude for the safety of the Commonwealth, and of his determination to support it, that we cannot on this occasion forbear to express the highest approbation of his conduct. We are sensible there are grievances, we feel them in common with our fellow-citizens, and have cheerfully participated in all their calamities and embarrassments. But whether all the gi'ievances we com- plain of originated from government, is a subject of very serious enquiry. Cannot we trace many of them in luxurious, dissipated living, in idleness, in want of temperance, honesty, industry, frugality and economy. Surely these are sources from whence many spring, and a reformation in these respects will operate a cure of almost all the evils that at present distress us. We know of no grievances that cannot be redressed in a con- stitutional manner, and are unwilling to cast a reproach upon government while our own private vices are the principal obstacles to its doing all that good we might reasonably expect from it. We lament the delusion of some of our brethren, and that the arts and intrigues of wicked and designing men have precipitated them into such violent outrages upon law and government. We doubt not, however, upon a cool and dispassionate consideration of the evil consequences of such measures, they will be convinced of their inefficiency in procuring the redress of any grievances, that the design of their leaders is the total sub- version of our Constitution and erecting their power upon its ruin, and that the evils they and we labor under are rather the offsprings of our vices than the faults of goverment. This town has borne its full share of all the burdens, losses and ex- penses, of the late war, and its subsequent proportion of public expenses since the peace. The present form of government was deliberately 440 HISTORY OP HAVEIiniLL. adopted, and we wish not to sec it sacrificed. We are ready, therefore, to join you in a firm and vigorous support of our Constitution, in the redress of grievances and in promoting industry, economy, and every other virtue which can exalt and render a nation respectable. Per order, James Brickett, Chairman of the Committee." Well may the descendants of these patriotic men glory in the title " Son of Old Haverhill." Though the " full share of all the burdens, losses and expenses," of the long and arduous struggle for liberty, had fallen upon them, they had " deliberately adopted " the rules for their government, would not consent to see them sacrificed, and were "ready to join in a firm and vigorous support of our Constitution." Shame on him who can speak lightly of blessings and privileges purchased at such a price! Eather let us fervently pray — " Long be our father's temple ours ; Wo to the hand by Avhich it falls ; Departed spirits watch its towers — May living patriots guard its walls ! " The General Court passed several measures for the relief of the heavily burdened tax-payers, and by offers of free pardon for the past, endeavored to induce the mis-guided insurgents to cease their opposition to the gov- ernment. It was not, however, until several regiments of militia were ordered out, and the most vigorous measures adopted, that the insurrection was finally quelled. Among those called out, was a detachment of the militia of this town.'"' At a meeting in April, 1787, the town voted to pay them " 8s per month," in addition to what they received from the State. One of the safeguards adopted in the then unsettled state of the public mind, was that requiring persons elected to ofl&ce, to "take and subscribe the oath of allegiance to the Commonwealth of Massachusetts," in order to qualify them to act in their several offices. At the March meeting in 1787, each and every town officer was " sworn into office," and the principal officers " took and subscribed to the oath of allegiance," in addition. This is the first mention we find of one of our town officers taking the oath of office. In November, of the same year, Bailey Bartlett, Esq., and Captain Nathaniel Marsh, were chosen delegates to a State Convention at Boston, o Their names were, Moses Marsh, Sarjeant ; Moses Brickett, Joseph Mullican, Samuel MidJleton, Caleb Gushing, Daniel Eames, Timothy Johnson, David Ayer. They enlisted January 9th, 1787, to serve thirty days A-om the 23d of the same month. HISTORY OF HAVERHILL. 441 to ratify tlie Federal Constitution. After several weeks' discussion, it was approved, by a vote of 187 to 168. The first election under tlie new Constitution, was lield December 18th, 1788. At the annual meeting in 1789, it was " Voted to choose a Committee to Inspect the schools. The committee chosen were as follows — viz : — The settled Clergymen and Selectmen, Isaac Osgood Esq, Hon Nathaniel P. Sargeant Esq, Mr John White, Capt Francis Carr, & Capt Samuel Merrill. Voted the above Committee Visit the Schools Quarterly and make Ee- port to the Town, at their Annual March & fall Meetings." This was the first " School Committee " in the town, and so well did the plan commend itself to the inhabitants, that the next year the committee were " desired to reccommend such rules and regulations in the schools as they shall think proper ; " and a similar committee has been annually chosen since that time. October 6th, of the same year, a meeting was called to see if the town would build a " Work House " for their poor. After choosing a committee to consider the matter, visit other towns, and ascertain the present cost of supporting the poor of the town, the meeting adjourned. The next Aj^ril the committee reported that it would not be good policy or economy for the town to erect a work -house, as most of their poor were too old or infirm to labor much, and could be better supported as they then were (in " good families.") They give the names of twenty persons and one family, then mostly supported by the town, at an expense of about one hundred and twenty-seven pounds per annum. The year 1789 occupies a prominent place in the unwritten history of our town, and deserves an equally prominent one in its written history, as the year in which the First President of the Eepublic visited the town, and gladdened the hearts of its patriotic inhabitants by his visible pre- sence among them. George Washington was elected President of the United States on the 4th of March, 1789, and was inaugurated on the 50th of the following month. The peculiar and unsettled state of the public mind and afi"airs at that period of our political history, together with a desire on the part of AVashington to examine the resources of the new goverment, and the dis- position of the people toward it, induced him to make an early tour through New England! Soon after the adjournment of the first Congress, he started on the proposed journey. He left New York on the loth of October, 1789, and visited as far east as the old town (now city) of Portsmouth, N. H. Everywhere on the 56 442 HISTORY or haverhill. route he was received with the strongest marks of respect — in matiy in-' stances bordering on veneration. He journeyed in an open carriage, drawn by four horses, accompanied only by his Secretary, (Mr. Lear,) Major Jackson, and a single servant. Mr. Lear, upon a beautiful white horse, usually rode in advance of the carriage, which was occupied by Washing- ton and Mr. Jackson, and driven by the Presidents's private coachman. Compared with modern turnouts, the equipage of our first President was plain and unpretending, and a model of Republican simplicity. His journey east from Boston lay along the seaboard, through Salem, Newbury- port, and the line of towns on the then principal road from Boston to- Maine. The news of Washington's tour early reached the people of Haverhill, and, as might be expected, awakened the liveliest interest. Soon the in- telligence came that he had passed through Ncwburyport on his way to Portsmouth, and would return by way of Haverhill. This added to the already rapidly increasing interest and excitement, and the most respecta- ble citizens of the town prepared to receive their Chief Magistrate in a manner becoming his exalted station and distinguished character. Anon, came a rumor that Washington would go from Portsmouth direct to Con- cord, and would not return this way, which cast its dark shadow over the whole community. To have the joyfully-anticipated honor and pleasure of a visit from Washington so suddenly taken away, was a most painful disappointment to the good people of Haverhill ; and their sad faces and subdued tones of voice, in the frequent and earnest discussion as to the probabilities of his coming, and of the reasons why he should so suddenly change his route, fully revealed the deep and firm hold our country's Pathcr had in the hearts and aflPections of his children. Among those who most keenly felt the disappointment were Kev. Gyles INIerrill and Mr. Jonathan Payson. When the day arrived that the dis- tinguished visitor was to have passed through the town, they could not be content to risk losing the golden opportunity of seeing him ; and resolving that " see him they must," if it were possible, they mounted their horses and started for Exeter, through which place Washington would pass on his way to Concord. The young daughters of these gentlemen, (Sally White and Sally Merrill — the first-named a step-daughter of Mr. Payson) through much pleading, and most probably tears, obtained permission of their parents to accompany them in the family chaise. With hearts light- ened by the renewed prospect of a consummation of their much-desired wishes, the little party started early in the forenoon for Exeter, HISTORY OF HAVERHILL. 443 A few miles this side of their place of destination (in the town of King- ston) , they unexpectedly met the equipage of Washington ! The gentlemen in their own all-absorbing interest, quite forgot their young charges; and the latter, well-nigh transported at the sight of the noble and dignified form and face of Washington, forgot all things else, and in an absent- minded attempt to turn aside and give room for the carriage to pass, the young ladies were thrown from the chaise. The excitement of the moment, rendered them quite insensible to fright or pain ; and before the horsemen could dismount, the young misses were upon their feet, declaring most vehemently that they were not hurt — not in the least. Arriving oppo- site to them, Washington ordered his carriage stopped, and kindly enquired — "I hope, young ladies, you are not injured ? " Being assured by their appearance and replies that they had escaped unhurt, he congratulated them on their good fortune, and, respectfully saluting them and their com- panions, directed his party to move on. The people of Haverhill had reluctantly yielded to the unwelcome rumor above-mentioned, and had settled into the conviction that notwithstanding their well-earned fame in the (then) recent struggle for their country's independence, and their well-known devotion to the cause and its distin- guished defender, their beloved and venerated chief had passed them by. Oppressed with such thoughts as these, each turned aside to attend to his daily avocation, and the day wore slowly away, until the sun had passed his meridian, and unusual quiet and stillness reigned in the pleasant little -village " at the foot of the hill." But hark ! what sound was that ? Again it comes upon the iinwonted stillness. It is a trumpet ! The villagers rush to their doors to learn from whence comes the strange sound. It is soon explained. Down the hill gallops a single horseman, hare-headed, and at full speed, one hand guiding his foaming steed, while with the other he at short intervals imi- tates the shrill blast of a trumpet, alternating it with the cry, " W^ashington is coming ; AVashington is coming ! " As he draws up to the " Mason's Arms, "'••■= he is recognized as Timothy Osgood a well-known citizen of the town. He had seen Washington at Exeter, and learning that he was en route for Haverhill, had lost no time in hastening to notify his townsmen. Immediately the tones of the village bell broke forth. Those who had not heard the ex-tempore trumpet, quickly caught the sound of the bell, and it needed no other tongue to interpret the meaning of the sudden peal ! Xever before had spoken that little bell more acceptably to the villagers ; <* Harrod's Tavern, the sign for which was a painting representing the Freemason's Arms. 444 HISTORY or havebhill. never before had it rang a merrier peal. Eound and round it went, with a speed almost supernatural ; it seemed as if indeed propelled by some weird power ; while its musical tones, eagerly caught up by the swift- moving November breeze, followed each other with marvellous rapidity, and fell upon the ears of the overjoyed citizens in golden showers. The old schoolmaster, as he paced back and forth in his little palace at the head of the green, suddenly stopped midway his round, as the first tone leaped through the whittled-edged chink in the door, and with a spas- modic '• School's dismissed," scarce found patience to wait the exit of his startled scholars." Horses were saddled and mounted in such a brief space of time that their very legs trembled with excitement ; and in an exceedingly short time, a company of horsemen was formed, composed of some of the most respectable citizens in the place, and advanced to meet and escort the President into town. Washington entered the village about half-past two o'clock in the afternoon of Wednesday, November 4th, and took up his quarters at Har- rod's Tavern, which was situated on what is now the Town Hall lot, though earnestly invited to occupy apartments prepared for him by Mr. John White, at his residence on AVater Street, (on the site of Mr. West's present residence). The President called on Mr. White, whose daughter- in-law had often been a visitor at his own house in Philadelphia ; took a social glass of wine with him, and acknowledged his obligations for such kindness ; but expressed his preference for a public house ; and, in answer to a suggestion of his would-be -hostess, observed that he was " an old sol- dier, and used to hard fare, and a hard bed." He had on, at the time, a drab surtout, then a fashionable color with the "most respectable gentlemen," and a military hat. He is described to us, by several who distinctly remember his visit to the place, as very tall and straight, and remarkably dignified in his looks and manners. On alighting at the tavern, he was introduced to several of the most prominent citizens of the town ; and after a short rest, he walked about the town, visiting various points of interest, and entering into conversa- tion upon the location, business, and commercial and other advantages of the town. He called at the residence of Sheriff Bartlett, (who was absent at the time) and left his regai'ds for j\Ir. B., and his thanks for the attentions shown him on his journey east. (Air. Bartlett, as Sheriff, aided by his Deputies, had escorted Washington through the county). He paid a visit to the small duck factory which had been recently started by Samuel Blod- gett, Esq., on Kent Street, and seemed to share in the interest with which " A /act; as is also svery other incident given in this sketch. HISTORY OF HAVERHILL. 445 the enterprise was regarded by the citizens. He walked up Merrimack Street, and as far as what is now Washington Square and Washington Street (so named in honor of his visit) , and repeatedly remarked upon the pleasantness and beauty of the scenery, the location of the village, and his pleasure in noticing the thrift and enterprise of its citizens. His ob- servation that " Haverhill is the plcasantcst village I have passed through," was esteemed a high compliment at the time, and has been transmitted from father to son, as an unanswerable argument in favor of his "home, sweet home," as the best place for the exercise of enterprise, and the en- joyment of life. As Washington's eye, from his eligible stand-point near Little Kiver Bridge, took in the then unobstructed view for miles up and down the Merrimack, he almost involuntarily exclaimed, — " Beautiful, beautiful ! " He especially admired the situation of the Saltonstall residence, just below the village (now the Duncan place) , and pronounced it a most charming and picturesque location for a home. Among the several parties who called upon Washington, at his lodgings, were Eevs. John Shaw and Gyles Merrill, and Mr. Jonathan Payson, with the little daughter of Mr. Shaw, and the step-daughter of Mr. Payson — two bright little misses, and play -mates, of about eight years of age, named Mary White and Betsey Shaw. The pleasant " And how do the little ladies do ? " with the familiar shake of the hand which followed their in- troduction to the President, was never forgotten by those to whom it was addressed, and they never tired repeating all the little incidents of their interview with the " Great Washington." While engaged in easy conver- sation with the gentlemen, the President called the little girls to him, and taking one upon each knee, soon completely dispelled their childish timid- ity by his kind words and gentle manner. During the interview, Washington drew from his pocket a glove, and smilingly enquired — " Which of the little misses will mend my glove ? " After a little pleas- ant rivalry between them, each being eager for the honor, the matter was duly arranged on a sort of copartnership basis, and the young misses retired with the glove. On their return to the room, with the glove neatly repaired, he thanked them for the favor, and drawing them to his chair, imprinted a kiss upon the lips of each ; the recollectiou of which, the reader may be assured, never lost the vividness and freshness of the first gentle pressure. A kiss from the lips of AVashington was a treasure of no mean value ! As might be supposed, the quickly-published success of these little misses stimulated a desire on the part of others to secure a like favor ; among whom were 446 HISTORY OP HAVERHILL, two of about the same age, who, after much teasing, were allowed to ask permission to " kiss his hand." On answering their timid knock at his door, and hearing their respectful request, AV'ashington expressed his will- ingness to exchange kisses with the little beggars ; and suiting the action to the word, the " Father of his Country " made happy the hearts of two more of his large family of children, by a paternal kiss. In accordance with his usual custom, "Washington made jireparations to retire at an early hour. Soon after he had retired to his room, a little boy came into the tavern, and expressed a desire to see " George Wash- ington." He was told that he could not see him; upon which he burst into tears, and declared that he " must see George Washington." After vainly endeavoring to pacify the boy, he was ordered to leave the house, as his request could not be granted. Upon this, the little fellow's distress burst through all barriers of self-restraint, and he startled the inmates of the whole house with his piercing cries. Before he could be removed, Washington, hearing the uproar, and learning the cause, requested that the boy be brought to his room. The little fellow was accordingly taken up ; and, as he entered the room, and through his tears looked upon Washington, he seemed completely bewildered, and riveted to the spot. He had doubtless listened to many a story of the " great Washington " from his mother's lips, and had seen the interest and . excitement in the village in consequence of his visit ; and these had so wrought upon his childish imagination, that he verily believed he was to see a being of cor- responding physical magnitude, and completely answering his boyish ideal of a god. Washington kindly enquired of the boy what he wanted. " I want to see George Washington," stammered the little fellow. Calling the lad to his side, Washington gently patted his head, saying — " I am George Washington, my little lad, but I am only a man.'" It was an unusually cold day for the season, and as Washington was chilly and fatigued with the day's travel, and the " best bed" had not been used for some time, the careful hostess concluded that it would be prudent to have the bed warmed before her distinguished lodger retired. This conclusion was overheard by her" young daughter, who lost no time in carrying the plan into execution. Her adventure is thus narrated by herself, seventy years afterward : — *' As all and everybody were contending for the honor of doing some- thing for that great and good man, I, with others, thought, what can i do ? Accordingly, I took the warming-pan, and rushed into the chamber, where sat in state, in my mother's easy-chair, President Washington. As I HISTORY OF HAVERniLL. 447 remember, I was about eleven years old," and at that time, being very diffident, I was almost frightened to death to think in whose presence I was. I guess I did not stop to make the bed very warm, but as I was leaving the chamber, he rose from his chair and kissed me. I went below and told of it, and for years after, it was my boast and pride. "f The next morning, the militia of the town were called out and paraded, for the inspection of their Commander-in-Chief, The line was formed on the north side of Water Street, extending from the corner of Main Street east. There were about one hundred in the line, and several are still living who remember of seeing Washington standing on the opposite side of Water Street, with Major Jackson on his right and Mr. Lear on his left, as he witnessed the modest parade of the " citizen soldiers " of the town in honor of his visit. He left town about sun-rise the next morning after his arrival, via the old ferry, nearly opposite the foot of Kent Street. For some cause, not now distinctly remembered, except that it was occasioned by the ferry- boat, he was delayed some little time, after arriving at the ferry-way. While standing in the porch of Mr. Bartlett's residence, (Israel Bartlett, Esq.,) on the north-east corner of Water and Kent Streets, waiting the slow motions of the boat, and surrounded by the principal citizens of the place, and nearly the whole of the neighboring population, Mr. Bart- lett politely invited him to "step in and sit till the boat was ready." Washington was apparently about to accept the invitation, when a near neighbor of Mr. Bartlett's, Gen, Brickett, who lived just below, and directly opposite the ferry, said — " General, won't you please go into my house ? it is much nearer the boat." With the sagacity for which he was ever so remarkable, Washington detected in an instant the real reason of the second invitation, and thanking the gentlemen for their invitations, cour- teously declined them both. This little incident was never forgotten by the first party, who could hardly forgive his neighbor for depriving him of the distinguished honor of having received Washington beneath his own roof. Among those who had tried hard to obtain an interview with Washing- ton while in Haverhill, was Bart Pecker — one who had served his country long and faithfully as a soldier in the Kevolutionary army. Bart had been a brave man and a faithful soldier, and was for some time one of the ° She was in her twelfth year. t Since the above was written, we have had the pleasure of an interview with the >vriter, who is still living, (September, 1S60.) and in the enjoyment of excellent health. She remembers that in her confusion and awkwardness, she stumbled and fell, as she was leaving the room, and thinks that this was, perhaps, the immediate occasion of her receiving the envied kiss. 448 HISTORY OF HAVERHILL. famous "Washington Life Guards ;" but his love of grog increasing with his years, had interfered sadly with his standing in the community. Although he pleaded hard for a chance to speak to Washington, whom he declared he was " well acquainted with," he was purposely kept in the hack- ground on account of his habits and shabby appearance. But just as Washington had taken leave of his escort, and was about to step into the boat, Bart's patience gave way, and with a fierce ejaculation thai he would •' speak to the General," he pushed through the crowd, and extending his hand, cried out, excitedly, " General, how do you do ? " Washington apparently recognized the voice, and, turning quickly, grasped his hand and replied — " Bart, is this you?" and quietly slipping a gold picco into the hand of the overjoyed old soldier, bade him " good-bye," and hastened on board the waiting boat. AVashiugton arrived in Xcw York the 13th of November, having been absent about one month. Ever after, he was pleased to speak of his New England tour as one of the most pleasant incidents of his public life. AVe cannot more appropriately close this pleasant episode in our town's history, than by inserting the following extract from the diary kept by Washington during his tour : — " W^ednesday 4th. About half after seven I left Portsmouth, quietly, and without any attendance, having earnestly entreated that all parade and ceremony might be avoided on my return. Before ten I reached Exeter, 14 miles distance. This is conSaered as the second town in New Hampshire, and stands at the head of the tide-water of Piscataqua Eiver ; but ships of 3 or 400 tons are built at it. Above (but in the town) are considerable falls, which supply several grist-mills, 2 oil mills, a slitting mill, and snuff mill. It is a place of some consequence, but does not con- tain more than 1,000 inhabitants. A jealousy subsists between this town (where the legislature alternately sits,) and Portsmouth ; which, had I known it in time, would have made it necessary to have accepted an invi- tation to a public dinner, but my arrangements having been otherwise made, I could not. Prom hence, passing through Kingston, (6 miles from Exeter) I arrived at Haverhill about half past two, and stayed all night. AValked through the town, which stands at the head of the tide of Merri- mack River, and in a beautiful part of the country. The lands over which I travelled to-day, arc pretty much mixed in places with stone — and the growth with pines — till I came near to Haverhill, where they disappeared, and the land had a more fertile appearance. The whole were pretty well cultivated, but used (principally) for grass and Indian corn. In Haverhill is a Duck manufactory, upon a small but ingenious scale, HISTORY OP HAVERHILL. 449 under tlie conduct of Colo fi At this manufactory one small per- son turns a wlieel whicli employs eight spinners, each acting independently of the other, so as to occasion no interruption to the rest if any one of them is stopped — whereas at the Boston manufactory of this article, each spinner has a small girl to turn the wheel. The looms are also somewhat diiferently constructed from those of the common kind, and upon an im- proved plan. The inhabitt's of this small village were well disposed to welcome me to it hy every demonstration which could evince their joy. Thursday 5th. About sunrise I set out, crossing the Merrimack River at the town, over to the township of Bradford, and in nine miles came to Abbott's tavern, in Andover, where we breakfasted, and met with much attention from Mr Phillips, President of the Senate of Massachusetts, who accompanied us through Bellarika to Lexington, where I dined, and viewed the spot on which the first blood was spilt in the dispute with Great Britain, on the 19th of April 1775." <* Samuel Blodgett. 67 450 HISTORY or nAVERHni. CHAPTEE XXIV. 1790 TO 1800. The close of the Eevolution found our town, in common witli others, seriously embarrassed. The war had been carried on under many and great disadvantages, and at an enormous expense ; and the peace -which followed, found the people, of IMassachusetts particularly, with a heavy debt upon them, for the payment of which they were compelled to make provision. Their resources were limited, their industry crippled ; and it was several years before the blessings of peace were seen in their full vigor. But that time came at last, and the period when our chapter opens found our town already well started on the high road to general prosperity. Ship-building and commerce, which had been almost entirely suspended during the war,, were again resumed, and with energy. The long silence of our ship-yards was succeeded by the busy hum of axe and hammer, and the white wings of commerce once more gladdened the face of the beautiful Merrimack, cheering the heart and nerving the arm of all classes and conditions of our citizens. There were at this time two ship-yards in the village, and one at the " Kocks," in full operation." The yard at the Eocks was discontinued about the year 1800. The usual kind of vessels were built in these yards, including ships, brigs, snows, f schooners, and sloops. The commerce and trade of the town at this time was large. Several of our merchants were large exporters and importers to and from England and the West Indies. Vessels sometimes sailed to and from this place to London direct, though the larger ships were laden and unladen at New- buryport, or Boston. From the former place, the goods were carried to and from Haverhill in long boats, or gondolas ; and from the latter in snows, and smaller vessels. The AVest India trade was carried on in the same manner, though vessels more frequently sailed direct. Among ° Persons yet living can remember when three vessels were launched in a single day in the village. In 1810, nine vessels were built here, and fifty to sixty men kept constantly employed in the shipyards. t Snoto. A vessel equipped with two masts, resembling the main and fore-masts of a ship, and a third small mast just abaft the main-mast, carrying a try-sail. — Mar. Diet. EISTORY OF nAVERHILL. 451 tte articles exported, were large quantities of corn and grain, beef, fish, lumber, pearl-asbes, linseed oil, tow cloth, and a great variety of other articles in smaller quantities. In return, sugar and molasses were received from the West Indies, and the usual variety of goods from London. This town was for a long time the head-quarters of trade for a large back country, and our wharves, warehouses, and shipping, gave the place quite a port-ly appearance. The goods and articles of trade were transported to and from the interior wholly by oxen, hundreds of which were con- stantly employed in the business. Among the principal merchants of the town about this time, were John White, Benjamin Willis, James Duncan, James Duncan, Jr., and Isaac Osgood. Mr. White lived in the house now owned and occupied by Thomas West, Esq., next west of the Merrimack Bank, Water Street, and his store stood on the spot now occupied by the above named Bank building. His house, which he built in 1766, was a large three-story mansion, and one of the most imposing and costly dwellings in the region. Its massive front door, with the portico and pillars have been removed. . Its deep and terraced front yard, with varied shrubbery and flowers ; its ample stone steps, and high fence of fanciful trellis work ; and its tall poplar trees, have all disappeared. The street now presses close to the house, which iias been extensively re-modeled, and retains but little of its ancient aristocratic and wealthy appearance. The large garden in the rear of the mansion, with its regular squares, fringed with boxwood — its neatly gravelled walks — its terraces, and rare varieties of imported fruit trees — is now despoiled of its beauty, and nearly covered with stables. Mr. White, or " Marchant " White, as he was familiarly called, was for many years not only a prominent business man, but a highly respected, wealthy, and influential citizen. He was largely engaged in commerce, and im- ported and exported large amounts of merchandise. When Washington passed through Haverhill, he called upon Mr. White, whose daughter-in- law (Mrs. Leonard White) had been a frequent visitor — sometimes for weeks together — of Mrs. Washington, and exchanged healths with the merchant in a glass of wine.-' Mr. Willis was a son of Benjamin Willis, a ship-master of Charlestown, INIass. The latter, during the early part of the Eevolution, was taken prisoner by the British, at sea, and carried into Eustacia. When he re- turned, on being exchanged, he found his house burned, and learned that « Mr. White died ia 1800, .~.ged 76 years. 452 HISTORY OP HATERHILt, his family had taken refuge in Haverhill. He settled here with thenJ after the llevolution, and became largely engaged in shipping. Benjamin^ Jr., while yet a young man, went to London, as supercargo, in one of his father's vessels — the brig "Benjamin and Nancy," -—where he became acquainted with a Mr. John Dickinson, a large merchant of that city, who took a strong liking to the young American, and recommended him to en- gage in -the mercantile business in Haverhill, at the same time offering to furnish him Avith a full stock of goods to start with. The offer was ac- cepted, and from this beginning Mr. Willis soon became one of the largest importers in the State. His cargoes usually came to Newburyport in brigs, and were transported from thence to this town in boats. Mr. James Duncan was a son of George Duncan, one of the early set- tlers of Londonderry, In early life, he started out with a small pack of goods, as a pedlar, and from this small beginning, he rose to be quite an extensive merchant. He came to Haverhill some time previous to 1750, and resided here until his death, which occurred in 1818, at the advanced age of ninety-two years, Mr. Duncan was succeeded in business by his son, James Duncan, Jr., who soon became one of the leading merchants of the place, and was not only in both the foreign and domestic trade, but was largely interested in shipping. He built and furnished the first store in Lebanon, N. H., at which place he also erected potash works, and a mill for grinding flax-seed. Loading his heavy ox-teams with a variety of foreign goods, from his head-qiiarters in Haverhill, for his store in Lebanon, they returned laden with pearl-ashes, linseed oil, flax-seed, grain, and various other articles of expoi't and exchange. Some idea of the extent of this country trade may be gathered from the fact that, during a single period of twenty-six months, Mr, Duncan sent over $90,000 worth of goods to his store in Lebanon. At this period, large quantities of flax-seed, and pot and pearl-ashes, were exported to England and Ireland. The flax-seed was mostly sent to Ireland. Mr. Duncan was a man of a high order of business talent, and great enterprise. Though deprived of the advantages of a liberal education, he made such good use of his time and means for information, that fe\y could equal him in legal, mercantile, and general knowledge. He was at one time deeply interested in military affairs, and, as a major, commanded the companies of cavalry which escorted Washington, in 1789, from Boston to the New Hampshire line. He died in 1822, in the sixty-sixth year of his age. Mr. Osgood was a native of Andover. He came to Haverhill about 175 — , and was for many years one of our i^rincipal merchants, and most influential citizens. His store, (a wooden building, with gambrel roof,) HISTORY OP HAVERHILL. 453 Was situated a few rods east of the bridge. Previous to the Eevolution, Mr. Osgood was quite largely engaged in the West India trade, hut after the war, he was more particularly interested in that of London. He ■ erected, and operated for many years, a large distillery near his store. Subsequently, the distillery was changed to a brewery, and was used as such for several years. It afterward fell into the hands of Mr. Dickenson, of London, and after lying idle for a long time, the latter gentleman made a present of it to Benjamin Willis, Jr., by whom it was torn down, to give place to the stores known as the " Willis Block." The worms and boilers were cast into sleigh-bells, by Mr. Bailey, of the West Parish, and the clay around the vats was used in making bricks for the new block.-' Mr. Osgood died in 1791, and was succeeded in business by his son, Peter Osgood, who will be remembered by many of our readers. The population of the town, at the time our chapter opens, was two thousand four hundred and eight, and its valuation, 1,519,41 Lf At this period, newspapers and letters were carried through the country by persons who rode on horse-back, called "Post-riders." Samuel Bean was post-rider from Boston to Concord, N. H, His route was through Andover, Haverhill, Atkinson, Kingston, Exeter, Epping, Nottingham, Deerfield, and Pembroke to Concord : • returning, he passed through Lon- donderry and Haverhill. He performed the route once a week. The first stage from Haverhill to Boston was started about this time. It was a two- horse coach, and owned by a Mr. Gage. Gage owned one horse, and as often as he could make certain of a suflGicient number of passengers for a load, he hired another horse and run his coach. He performed the route only when he had custom. Mr. Kobert Willis remembers that in Septem- ber, 1792, when himself and his brothers were taken by his mother to Boston (to be inoculated with the small pox) they crossed the ferry here just as the sun was rising, and when the coach crossed the bridge at Charlestown, the lamps were already lighted in the evening — thus making the journey in about twelve hours. In 1793, a stage commenced running regularly once a week ; and the same year it was changed to twice a week. An advertisement in a Boston paper, under date of April 9, 1793, in- forms the public that " The Haverhill Stage Coach is complete, with genteel curtains & cushions, & a pair of able horses, ready for service." ° The block was erected in 1811, by Benjamin Willis, Kimball Carleton, Warner Whittier, and James Haseltine, who owned one store each. It was the first hrich block erected in the town. The Banister Block was built in 1815. t The first United States Census was taken this year — 1790. 4:54 HISTORY OP haverhill. It was to " set out from Chadwick's ferry in Bradford on Tuesday tlie IGth at G oclock, precisely, and it expects to arrive at Mr. Abbott's in Andover before S, & at Mr. Pcabody's in Boston before one." The proprietor gave notice that he " intends in a short time that the stage performs this route t'wice in a week. Fare 3d a mile." There is no name attached to the advertisement, but we believe that Judge Blodgett was the proprietor. In November, (1793) a stage commenced running twice a week from this place to Concord, X. H., connecting with the Boston stage. It was owned by parties in this town, Chester, and Concord. The mail, however, continued to be carried on horse-back for several years after the establish' ment of a regular line of stages. At the celebration attending the opening of the " Andover & Haverhill Eailroad " to Bradford, in October, 1837, Hon. Leverctt Saltonstall, of Salem, alluded in a very happy manner to the great contrast between the rates of travelling at the present time, and years gone by. He said he arrived in Boston from Salem, fifteen miles, in the morning, by stage ; — and after waiting three-quarters of an hour, he embarked in the cars for Haverhill — a further distance of thirty-two miles ; and, after spending some hours in the latter place, he hoped to return to Boston in the cars in the afternoon, and after remaining a half-an-hour there, return to his family in Salem before eight o'clock in the evening. He Avell recollected the setting up of the first stage-coach between Boston and Haverhill, some forty or fifty years before, by Judge Blodgett, of Haverhill. It started very early in the morning from Haverhill, in order to have time to perform the distance, and arrive comfortably in Boston before dark ! The boys followed it as it passed through the villages, and the women put their heads out of the windows, gazing upon the wonder, and the welkin ruug with the shouts of " Tue Stage, The Stage ! " A stage-coach was soon afterward established to run between Haverhill and Concord, N. H. This was considered a most extraordinary event, and one of the leaders had a bell, of a size nearly equal to that of the bell of the Academy, suspended to his neck, the sound of which could be heard a great distance, to give the intelligence that the stage ivas coming I At the annual meeting in 1790, the town granted leave, on the petition of Judge Sargeant, for " trees to be set out on the public land." The land referred to was doubtless the common, and we presume it was at this time that the sycamores, — which have been removed but a few years, — were set out. Judge Sargeant's house adjoined the common, on the north." At o It stood on the site no\y occupied hy the Unitarian Church, and was removed to make place for that structure. It now stands, with but litHe alteration, ou the south-west corner of Winter and Spring Street*. HISTORY OP HAVEBHILI. 455 the next annual meeting, General James Brickett and others petitioned "to have the trees lately set out in the Training Field removed," but no action was taken on the article. From a report made to the town this year, we learn that twenty-four . persons were at this time supported, in whole or in part, by the town, at an expense of £130. A proposition was made to erect a poor-house, but it was not agreed to. A similar proposition was made six years later, but was also rejected. This year, (1790) the collection of the town taxes was, for the first time, sold at " vendue," to the lowest bidder, by parishes. They were bid off at eight and one-half to eleven pence on the pound. Previous to this time, swine had been allowed to run at large ; but a district was now laid out, including the village, within which they were in future to be deprived of that privilege. The line run " from Mill Brook to the Upper Sands, and then back to Peter Bradley's ; then to Dea. Ayer's Pond ; and then to the bound first mentioned." At a meeting in October of this year, Samuel Walker, from tlie school committee, submitted a code of regulations for the government of the Grammar Schools in town, which were adopted. There were thirteen rules, in substance as follows : — 1. None should be admitted into the Grammar Schools but such as could with a degi-ee of readiness read words of two sylables. All " under this description" were to be provided for by employing school-mistresses. 2. From May 1st to September 1st, the schools should commence at 8 A. M., and 2 P. M., and close at 12 M., and 6 P. M. ; and from Septem- ber to May, should begin at 9 A. M., and 1^ P. M., and close at 12 M., and 4J P. M. 3. There should be no school kept on the afternoon of Saturdays, and Lecture-days, nor on the day of the annual town meeting in March, the annual Election day, the 4th of July, and Tuesday, AVednesday, and Thursday of Commencement Week at Cambridge. 4. The schools should be divided into two or more classes. The senior class only to be taught writing and arithmetic. The Lower class or classes to be wholly employed in reading and spelling. 5. Particular attention was to be given in the upper class to punctua- tion, " that in reading they may be taught to observe the Stops and points, notes of affection and interrogation, accenting and Emphasising." 6. The upper class " should be initiated into the principals of English Grammer, and for this purpose, those Eulcs which are contained in our 456 HISTORY OF HAVERHILL. English Spelling Books should he marked loj the Master," and a lesson ^ required daily. 7. The second class were each to bring one or more answers daily " out of such Catechisms as shall be directed by their Parents or Guardians. 8. A uniformity of books was to be required. If the parent or guar- dian was unable to purchase, the selectmen were directed to provide the books. 9. The schoolswere to be " opened in the morning, and closed in the evening by the school master with an Act of Eeligion, reading a portion of the Bible every morning, accompanied with an Address to Grod in Prayer, and closing every evening with Prayer." 10. Quarterly, or at least semi-annually, the master should appoint several of the senior class " to exhibit specimens of their acquirements in learning in the presence of the Committee at the time of their visiting the school, in a way of Public Speaking." 11. That from May to September one hour in the forenoon, and the same in the afternoon, be specially " appro j)riated for the instruction of the young Misses or Females ; that of consequence the Common School be dismissed daily for such a period, at 1 1 oclk, in the forenoon, & a like hour in the afternoon," to give time for that purpose. 12. The master was recommended to consider himself as in the place of a parent to the children under his care, and endeavor to convince them by mild treatment that he felt a parental affection for them ; that he be spar- ing as to threatenings, or promises, but punctual in the execution of the one, and the performance of the other; that he never make dismission from school at an earlier hour than usual, a reward for attention or dili- gence, but endeavor to lead them to consider being at school a privilege, and dismission from it as a punishment ; that he never strike the children on the head, either with the hand or any instrument, nor allow one scholar to inflict corporeal punishment on another ; that when circumstances admit, he suspend inflicting punishment until some time after the offence is committed ; that as far as it is practicable, he exclude corporeal punish- ment from the school, and particularly, that he never inflict it on females ; that he introduce such rewards as are adapted to stimulate the "ingenaus passions" of the children ; and that he inculcate upon the scholars the propriety of good behavior during their absence from school. 13. Saturdays, in the forenoon, the master was to instruct his scholars in some catechism, and address them on moral and religious subjects, endeavoring to impress upon their minds " a sense of the being and Provi- dence of God, and the obligations they are under to Love Serve and to HISTORY 01" HAVERHILL. 457 pray to liim ; their duty to tlieir Parents and masters ; the Beauty and ■excellence of truth, justice,* and mutual Love; tenderness to Brute Crea- tures, and the sinfulness of tormenting them, and wantingly destroying their Lives ; the happy tendency of Sdf-Grovernment, and Obedience to the dictates of Eeason, and Eeligion; the duty which they owe their Country, and the Necessity of a Strict Obedience to its Laws ; and that he Caution them against the prevailing Vices, such as Sabbath Breaking, profane cursing and Swearing, Gaming, Idleness, Writing obscene Words on the Fences, &c." Large as has been the progress and improvement in our school system since these first regulations were framed, we can hardly claim an advance on the two last rules. They cover the whole ground, and scarce leave room for improvement. In 1791, the town voted to send an additional Eepresentative to the General Court, provided it should not be any expense to the town. Sam- uel Blodgett was chosen ; and we have it from tradition that at the next annual town meeting he counted out the money he received for the service, and laid it upon the table, refusing to retain a penny. A proposition having been made for building a bridge across the Merri- mack, at Deer Island, this town and Salisbury remonstrated strongly against it. One objection made was, that the piers would lessen the tide up the river ! The committee of this town say that there was not more than nine feet of water over the shoals in common tides, and they feared it would be greatly lessened if the proposed bridge should be built. At a town meeting, December 12th, (1791,) a j^roposition was made to divide the town into school districts, and a committee of twelve were chosen for the purpose, Samuel Walker, Chairman. At an adjourned meeting, December 2Gth, the committee reported a recommendation that each of the four parishes be erected into a distinct school district, with full power to build school houses, employ teachers, raise money to pay for the same, and to subdivide the parish into smaller school districts ad- libitum. If any parish neglected to provide a school, according to the law, the selectmen were, directed to do it, and assess the district for the expenses. The report was adopted. The occasion of this action of the town was a legislative act passed in June 1789, entitled "An act to provide for the instruction of youth, and for the promotion of good Education." By this act, towns were authorized to determine the limits of school districts, and districts thus erected were authorized to assess a tax to support a " schoolmaster," &c. 58 458 HISTORY OP HAVERHILL From the above report, we learn, that " in the Western part of the Town, a number of School Houses have lately been erected, at their own expense." At the next annual meeting, the selectmen, the clergj-men, and seven other persons were made a committee to inspect the schools in the town.=~= At an adjourned meeting, it was voted, that school district No. 1 should have one or more school-houses ; No. 2, four ; No. 3, three ; and No. 4, one. £350 were appropriated for building new school-houses. The same year (1792) the town was divided into nineteen highway districts. A petition was received for a highway from Thomas "Whittier's (now J. B. Spiller's) in a direct line to Muliken's ferry, but it was decided to be inexpedient.! At the same time, it was ordered that the "plain gate " (that near Eev. Mr. Keely's," on the bank of the river) be kept in repair, so that the river's bank might be used as " a bridle way." Among the petitions presented to the selectmen this year, we find one signed by Samuel Blodgett and eighteen of the principal citizens of the village, praying that a town meeting may be called to see if the town " would permit Innoculation to take place in said town provided a conven- ient place can be procured for that purpose in said Town." The reason offered was, that the small pox was in the town of Boston, and other adjacent towns, and that " a great number of the Inhabitants of the Town of Haverhill are determined to go from thence to Boston to receive the same by Innoculation unless they are permitted to be Innoculated in their own Town." A meeting was called, but the town refused to repair the jiest-house, or to allow innoculation to be performed in the town. As a consequence, many persons went to Boston for that purpose. In November, another meeting was called, and it was voteci to provide a hospital for innoculation in the town. A few weeks later it was voted not to allow the thing to be done in the town. In 1793, President Washington issued a proclamation to the people of the United States, recommending that during the then existing war in Europe, they should preserve a strict neutrality. On the reception of the proclamation in this town, a town meeting was called, and resolutions adopted approving the course of the President, and agreeing to abide by Ms recommendations. o One year still later, a committee was chosen for each school district; and this continued to be the practice for many years. t The portion between Mr. Spiller's and " Tilton's Corner," was finally laid out about 1835. HISTORY OP HAVERHILL. 459 On tlie 6 th of September, of the above year, occurred an event of no Small importance in the town. This was no less than the publication of a newspaper, -—the first ever printed in the town. It was " published by E Ladd & S Bragg," and styled the Guardian of Freedom. It was issued weekly, at " nine shillings per annum," and edited by Benjamin Edes, Jr." It advocated federal politics^ Cotemporancous with the first stage coach and the first newspaper, was the erection of the first bridge across the Merrimack, in this town. The Haverhill bridge was completed in the fall of 179-t.f It was erected on three arches of one hundred and eighty feet each, supported by three handsome stone piers forty feet square. It had as many defensive piers, or sterlings,^extending fifty feet above, and a draw of thirty feet over the channel. It was built on the plan of Timothy Palmer. Moody Spofford, of Georgetown, was the chief engineer in its erection. Palmer was an a.pprentice to Spofford when he made his invention. At the time of its erection, the bridge was considered a marvel of mechanical ingenuity and skill ; and to this day, though divested of much of its beautiful proportion, it is surpassed by but few in the country. Dr. Dwight, who saw it in 179G, thus describes it:| " The strength of the Haverhill bridge may be conjectured from the following fact. Six gentlemen placed themselves together upon an exact model of one of the arches, ten feet in length ; in which the largest pieces of timber were half an inch square, and the rest smaller in proportion. Yet not the least injury was done to the model. Of this fact I was a witness ; and was informed by the gentlemen present, that eleven persons had, a few days before, stood together upon the same model, with no other ■effect, than compacting it more firmly together. The eleven were supposed to weigh at least sixteen hundred pounds. No bridge which I have ever seen, except that over the Piscataqua, can be compared with this, as a fine object to the eye. The arches above, and below, have a degree of boldness and grandeur, unrivalled in this country. Every part of the work is executed with exactness and strength on the one hand, and on the other with great neatness and beauty. "When we saw it, it was new, perfectly white, and brilliant, without that dullness which springs from the decays of time.§ * For a more particular account of this paper, see " Newspapers," in tlie Appendix. t Soon as it was passable, Judith Whiting, then in her hundredth year, walked over it unaided. The old lady died soon after, wanting twelve days to complete a century. X Dwight's Travels. § In a note to the above, Dr. Dwight adds, — " In the year 1812, 1 found the arched work of this bridge above taken down, and with it a large proportion of its fine appearance gone." 460 mSTORY OF nATERniLI, I have since learned, that it is too nicely built, and has suffered some decay by the retention of water in the joints, and elsewhere. It was long doubted whether a bridge could be so constructed, as to resist the ice of the Merrimack. The stream is rapid ; and the climate so cold, as to produce, annually, thick and firm ice. But the doubt has van- ished. Seven bridges have been built on this stream : and not one of them has been carried away. The defensive piers have proved an effectual secui-ity against this evil. These are formed in the figure of a half pyra- mid ; the base a semi-rhombus ; and are strongly fortified with iron. When the ice descends in large floats against this pier ; it rises on the oblique front ; and breaking by its own weight, easily passes between the principal piers ; and is thus rendered harmless." ^ Dr. S]3offord, the veteran editor of the Haverhill Gazette, in that paper of March 2d, 1860, gives the following interesting reminiscences of Haverhill in 1794: — " Haverhill village at this time consisted of Merrimack, Water, and Main streets, and the only brick building in the village was part of Sheriff Bartlett's house, so long and so lately and so well occupied by Dr. Longley. A row of small wooden stores occujjied the river bank, above the bridge, in one of which David How, Esq., and in another, Moses Atwood, father of HaiTiet (Atwood) Newell, kept stores at that time. About this time a three-story brick store, perhaps sixty feet long, and forty feet deep, was built by Mr. Howe and Phineas Carleton, on the west side of Main street,"' of which Mr. How occupied what is now two stores, or about forty feet square, and Mr. Carleton twenty by forty, and from Mr. Carleton's store, which was the southerly one, it was vacant land to the corner. From the corner lot a house had been burnt some years before, belonging, we think, to Esquire White,! ^ citizen long well known, and possibly yet remembered by some in Haverhill. Those who have the curiosity to ascertain which of the stores now in that range was once owned and occupied by Phineas Carleton, may know how much land on Main and Merrimack streets was permitted to lay vacant after a fire, till it was covered with mouldering ruins and tall weeds. The old First Parish, and the .Baptist churches then furnished ample accommodations, though a much larger portion of the people then were constant attendants at church than at present. o The block now occupied by John Davis, Willett V J ) Brig Qr Master ColJohnson David Peabody | 2d B. 2d D. 5th Eegt." The above orders were received on Saturday evening, (September 10th) and the members of the Light Infantry were immediately notified to assemble on the "Church green" at the close of the afternoon services the next day. They met accordingly, and decided to take carriages as far as CJiarlestown. Early on Monday morning, the company paraded with full ranks, and marched to the Bradford meeting-house, where they had car- * Colonel Johnson's regiment consisted of the companies of Infantry in Haverhill and Methuen, t The Haverhill Light Infantry. 48G HISTORY OP HAVERHILI.. riages in waiting to convey them to Ctarlestown. On arriving at the lat- ter town, they immediately took up the line of march for South Boston, their place of destination. As the company passed up State Street, their fine martial bearing won the highest compliments from the crowds which lined the street, and cheers upon cheers greeted them. They received the credit of being the best disciplined volunteer company called out. Below we give the names of the officers and members of the company : " Company roll of Capt. Samuel W. Duncan's Company of Light In- fantry, in the fifth Kcgiment Second Brigade and Second Division. John Atwood "^ Frederic S. Ayer 1 ggj.gg„jjta Leonard Messor | ° Saml Gardner Jun j Samuel W. Duncan Capt, Kathan Burrell Lieut. Thos Newcomb Ensign, Nathaniel Emerson Joseph Coffin Saml M. Johnson Phineas Carleton-' William White Peter Smith Nathan Emerson Jere Stick ney 2d Ephraim E. Lake Ezekiel Hale Jr Samuel Hale Christopher Hale William Townsend Isaac Averill Musicians John Davis John Folansbee James H. Duncanf Henry Briggs Henry Emerson Bailey Bartlett Jr Thomas West Jr John Nesmith John Trumbull Calvin W. Howe Eufus P. Hovey Joseph Merrick William Swett Caleb S. Cushion Thomas M. Greenough Dudley Porter 3d Samuel Noyes Eleazer A. Porter Wm P. Loring Samuel Curwen. Andrew Frink During their stay in South Boston, the company were quartered in a brick house between the bridge and the "Heights." They remained in service until October 30th, when they marched home, arriving in Hav- erhill the next day. The same day that the Light Infantry marched for South Boston, a town meeting was held, and the town generously and patriotically voted to pur- chase arms and equipments for all those of the militia who should be ordered into actual service, and who were unable to purchase for them- selves. Surely we may be pardoned if we again point to the earnest, consistent, and never faltering devotion of our town to the work of achieving, and sustaining, our National Indej^endence. As at the first, so at the last, they were ready, at every call, to sacrifice their treasure and their lives, for their country's liberty and honor. Though, as we have said, many of its inhabitants condemned this second war with England, as ° Carleton did not march with his company, but paid his fine. t Duncan having akeady been drafted, and furnished a substitute, did not march with his company. HISTORY OF HAVERHILL, 487 uncalled for, and ill-advised ; and though towns all about it had passed, and were passing, resolutions of censure and disapproval ; yet no sooner had a call been made for soldiers, than the town met at a short twenty-four hours notice, and generously voted, in substance, that no marCs poverty shoidd bar his patriotism ! A few days after the Light Infantry were ordered out, an order came (September 19) for a detachment of the militia "to march instantly to Beverly." The following named immediately marched : — From the company of Captain Daniel Appleton, Jr., were John Chamberlin, Corporal George Cogswell Kobert W, Eaton. "William George Charles Pike From the company of Captain Amos Ordway, were Hazen Kimball, Sergt Thomas Wood John Simons. John Underbill, Corp Benjamin Mills From the company of Joseph "Webster 3d, were David Currier Sergt John Atwood Jonathan Corliss. Amos Wheler The most vigorous measures were adopted for the defence of our sea-coast. Alarm posts were established in every town, at which the companies were to assemble on the prospect of any immediate danger, and in case of an invasion, those nearest were to toll a bell ; on which the militia were to appear, perfectly armed and equipped. Many British armed vessels were from time to time seen hovering on the coast, and added not a little to the general excitement and alarm. The news of Napoleon's abdication, and the success of the allies, was soon after followed by the intelligence that a treaty of peace had been con- cluded between the United States and Great Britain,"' and caused great rejoicing among all classes. Business soon resumed its natural channels, and prosperity again smiled through the whole length and breadth of the land. That the news of the peace gladdened the hearts of the people of Hav- erhill, plainly appears from the following account of their celebration of the event. We copy it from the Merrimack Intelligencer, a newspaper published in town at the time. The celebration took place February 22d, 1815: — " Celebration of the Peace. — On the 24:th of December last a Treaty of Peace between the United States and Great Britain was conclu- ded at Ghent, by the British and American Commissioners ; on the 28th of the same month it was ratified on the part of Great Britain, and on • The treaty was ratified by the President February 17, 1815. 488 HISTORY OF HATERHILL. the 18th of the present month received the signature of the President of the U. States. His Proclamation announcing the complete ratification of the Treaty on both sides, reached this place on Tuesday, the 21st. This put to flight the fears and doubts which some had entertained, in regard to the reception the Treaty might meet with at Washington. The grateful tidings were welcomed by loud and repeated huzzas ; by the peal of bells and the thunder of Artillery and Musketry. The coun- tenances of our citizens were universally brightened with joy. Wednesday being the anniversary sally of that glorious day which gave to the Ameri- can people their political Saviour, was unanimously fixed upon for the purpose of commemorating the inexpressibly auspicious event which has so suddenly diffused a cheering light over the clouded aspect of our coxm- try. At sunrise bells and cannon began to speak our joy ; and excepting short intervals, continued their animating eloquence through the day. Flags were flying in different parts of the town, — the stores were gener- ally shut — and the inhabitants one and all, gave themselves to pleasure. At 10 o'clock a procession was formed at the Bridge, and arranged by the Marshals of the day. Majors Duncan, AYhite, and Harding, in the fol- lowing order : • First Marshal, Haverhill Light Infantry attended with a Band of Music, Magistrates of the Town, Justices of the Peace, Clergy, Military Officers, Marshal, Citizens, Marshal. The Procession having first moved through the street parallel to the river proceeded to the Eev. Mr. Dodge's Meeting House, where the Treaty of Peace was read to a crowded and attentive assembly, and the throne of Grace successively addressed, in a solemn and interesting manner, by the Eev. Mr. Dodge and the Eev. Mr. Bachelder, rendering thanksgiving and praise to the Almighty Director of human events that he had gi'aciously permitted our distressed country to repose from the tumult and horrors of war. mSTOET OS HATEHniliL. 489 Tlie audience was gratified also with the performance of several pieces of music happily selected for the occasion. After religious services the procession returned to the bridge, where some diificult evolutions were handsomely performed, and a feu, de joie fired by the Light Infantry. In the evening the town exhibited one universal blaze of splendor. Almost every house and store in town, and the dwelling houses of Mr. Chadwick on the opposite side of the river were brightly illuminated. In many windows the lights were so disposed as to form distinct and beautiful figures. AVhere all was excellent it is difficult to discriminate ; but were we to decide, we should say that the houses of Major Duncan, Dr. Saltonstall, Sheriff Bartlett, and Hon. Leonard "NMiite, were particu- larly distinguished for their brilliancy and beauty. Numerous beautiful transparencies, with appropriate mottoes and decorations, were exhibited in various places. The streets were constantly thronged with people. During the evening, a highly illuminated structure having, for its base, a large arch bearing the inscription " Peace^' in large capitals, — and this arch surmounted by several small towers rising and diminishing to a point, — and from every part declaring in ' expressive silence ' the sentiments of the people, was borne through the streets, accompanied by a band of music. The lights were extinguished at nine o'clock, and the evening was closed with the display of fireworks from the Bridge." 62 490 HISTORY or HAVERHILL^ CHAPTER XXVL 1815 TO 1840. A HISTORY of tte rise and progress of the shoe manufacturing business^ in this town, includes, to a very great extent, the history of tlie town itself, from the close of the war of 1812, until the present time. But as it seems most proper that we should consider this branch of our town's in- dustry by itself, we propose, in this and the next chapter, to make note only of such other matters as seem worthy of special mention in a work of this kind and extent ; and, in the chapter immediately following, give our attention exclusively to the business and business growth of the towrt during the period above mentioned. The Merrimack Intelligencer, for Februaiy — , 1815, notes the death of John Green, " the oldest man in town." In 1815, the " old Ferry Way " was laid out as a ptiblic town landing, about fourteen rods in width. The same year the East Parish central school district was erected, making in all seven school districts in the town, viz. : one each in the First and North Parishes, three in the West Parish, and two in the East Parish. The year previous, each district was required to choose a clerk, to keep a regular record of its proceedings. The large pile of buildings known as the Bannister Block, were erected this season. The two western stores were owned by David How, the next two by James Duncan, Esq., and the remainder by Wm. By Bannister, Esq., of Newbiiryport. The twenty inch brick walls, and massive floor timbers of these stores, present a striking contrast when compared with the light and elegant structures of more recent times. One ship, The Thorn, was launched this year. She had been sleeping on the stocks nearly all the time of the war. After the war, the only ves- sels built; in town, were those built at the yard above the bridge. Previous to the war, there were three ship-yards in the village in successful opera- tion, and a large number of persons were employed in the various branches of the business. David Webster built for many years in the yard nearly opposite the cemetery ; Barnard Goodridge in the yard where the house of the late Hon, Leonard White now stands ; and a Mr. Kendrick nearly HISTORY OF HAVERHILL. 491 opposite the foot of How Street. The last vessel built at the lower yard, was by Nicholas Colby, for Moses Gale, shortly before the war. The last one built just below the bridge, was TAe Thorn, launched in 1815, and which had been on the stocks for a long time. It was built by Mr. Good- ridge, who afterward took the yard above the bridge. From this time, until 1840, the last named yard was the only one in town, and during the most of that time was in active operation. From about 1835, the business was carried on by Captain William Caldwell, who built in that time five vessels. The last one built by him, (and which was the last one 'in the town,) was the North Bend, measuring about four hundred tons, and launched November 19th, 1840." The last vessel built at Cottle's Creek, was probably the one built by Thomas Cottle, in 1752. The last built at the Eocks' Village, was about the year 1800, or perhaps a little earlier. Although but few vessels have been built in this town since the war of 1812, large quantities of ship timber have, until within a few years, been annually sent from here to supply the yards of Salisbury, Newburyport, and other places. Small quantities continue to be annually sent down the river, but the supply is nearly exhausted, and the business must soon cease altogether. The 23d of September, 1815, will long be remembered for the violence of a gale since called the " September Gale." It commenced about nine o'clock in the morning, in this town, and continued till two in the after- noon. The air was filled with the limbs of trees, leaves, and a salt spray blown from the Ocean, which encrusted the east side of the buildings, and there remained for some days. The water in the river tasted extremely brackish ; and the east side of many trees which withstood tho fury of the gale, were killed with the salt spray, as is supposed. Many of our readers will doubtless recollect the vivid poetic description of this memorable gale, which appeared soon after. The following speci- men verses are all we can afi"ord room for in this place : — " It chanced to be our Washing Day ; — The clothes were all a drying ; The stormy winds came through the lines, And set 'em all a flying. I saw the shirts and petticoats Go riding off like witches ; That day I lost, — ah, how I wept — I lost — ni7/ Sundai/ breeches." * Capt. Caldwell was for many years one of our most active and enterprising business men. He died in January, \iiZ, aged 59. 492 HISTORY 0-p nAVERniH. As early as 1797, the attention of the towns hordering on the Merri- mack was directed to the obstructions in the rirer, which interfered with its navigation above this village ; and a subscription was started for the purpose of rendering the river navigable for boats and rafts as far as Paw- tucket falls. Newburyport subscribed upwards of $1,200, and this town and others united in the project, but the full importance of the plan seems not to have been realized, and the scheme was abandoned. About the year 1815, the subject was again agitated, and it was proposed to cut a canal from Hunt's Falls (Pawtucket Falls) to the little Eiver in this town. The merchants of Newburyport and of this town took hold of the matter in earnest, and in May, 1816, an act of incorporation was obtained for a company, under the name of " Proprietors of an Association for Clearing and Locking the Falls in the river Merrimac." A survey was made by Laomi Baldwin, and it was found that there was only about forty to forty-two feet fall between the two points. The estimated cost was $240,000. A subscription was opened which finally reached about $130,000, and for several years the enterprise was pushed forward vigor- ously. But finding it impossible to raise the sum necessary by subscrip- tions, a proposition was made to establish a bank, and invest $100,000 of its capital in the proposed canal. For this purpose, application was made to the General Court, in 1826, for a charter, under the name of The Canal Bank ; but the Middlesex canal drew the favor of the Legislature from the object, and thus a large portion of the inland trade was diverted from its most natural channel, to build up Boston. Had the plan suc- ceeded, it was expected that Haverhill would have become a large manu- facturing city, and Newburyport a place of extensive commercial importance. The summers of 1816 and 1817 were unusually cold, and were followed by very early frosts, by which most of the small corn crop was destroyed.-' In the fall of 1816, a violent wind passed over some of the neighbor- ing towns, and over the westerly part of this. The house of Ladd Haseltine was demolished, and his son, Jonathan, was killed by the falling chimney. Some other buildings were also blown down, many others dam- aged, and fences and trees prostrated. In the spring of 1818, occurred one of the most remarkable freshets recorded in the history of the Merrimack towns. The snow had been suddenly melted by a violent rain, and the water rushed down the valley « A Mr. Walker, of Penehain, Vt., being lost in the woods on the 8th of June, and lying out through the night, was so severely frost bitten as to require the amputation of oue of his great toes ! HISTORY OP HAVERHILL. 493 of the Merrimack with the greatest fury, tearing tip the ice, which was nearly two feet thick, with the noise and convulsions of an earthquake. Driven into immense dams, the ice rolled and flew about in every possible direction. The river was raised twenty-one feet above common high water mark ; the country around inundated ; buildings were removed, and de- stroyed ; cattle and sheep drowned ; and ruin spread on every side. The noble bridge across the Merrimack at the Eocks' Village, became a total wreck, and its fragments were soon lost to sight in the angry and resist- less flood. The appalling sublimity of "the great freshet of 1818," will never be forgotton by those who witnessed its desolating march. In 1818, the town treasurer was made collector of taxes, and discounts were allowed for voluntary payments to him, similar to those made at the present time. After the taxes were made out and delivered to the treas- urer, he was to advertise the fact, and all who voluntarily paid their tax within thirty days, were allowed a discount of six per cent. ; those who paid within sixty days, were allowed four per cent. ; and on those paid within one hundred and twenty days, the discovmt was two per cent. Those not paid within one hundred and twenty days, were passed over to the collector, who was obliged to collect them within three months, or pay them himself. The same year. Pleasant Street was laid out; and "Pecker's Lane" widened. Winter Street was then known as " the back road to Hale's Mills." In March, (1818) a stage company was organized in town, under the name of " The Haverhill and Boston Stage Company," with a capital of $-1,200, and went into immediate operation. In 1831, their capital had increased to $28,900. It continued until the opening of railroad commu- nication with Boston, in 1837, when the name was changed to " The Northern and Eastern Stage Company." The introduction of the easy and rapid-moving railway car, with its tireless " iron horse," soon super- ceded, to a large extent, the lumbering stage-coach, with its horses of flesh ; and the latter rapidly withdrew beyond the reach of its powerful rival, — as the red man withdrew from the presence of the " pale face," — to find a temporary resting-place around the borders of the higher civilization. As we have already seen, the attention of the town had frequently been directed to the importance of finding out the most consistent and econom- ical plan for supporting their poor, and several methods had been tried, and abandoned. In 1817, the subject again came up for consideration, and a committee was chosen to consider the propriety of purchasing or hireing a 494 HISTORY OF HAVERHILL. poor-bouse. The matter continued in abeyance until 1820, when tbe town voted to purchase the farm of Thomas Cogswell, situated about a mile aud three-fourths east of the bridge, for that purpose. The price paid was $1,500, and a further 'sum of $500 was appropriated for stock and utensils. Various additions and improvements have from time to time been made to the land and buildings, until our " Town Farm" is now among the best in the Commonwealth. Previous to 1820, taxes were abated only in town meetings, but in that year the assessors and selectmen were invested with power to abate such as they deemed it just and proper should be abated. The same power is still vested in the assessors. About the same time the selectmen were annually granted power to draw jurymen, without, as before, calling a town meeting for that pur- pose. From the report of a committee, chosen to re-bound what is now called Main Street, we learn that it was at this time (1820) known as " Broad Street." The name of " Water Street " appears to have been applied to the whole of the river street from Little Eiver bridge to Mill Brook. Little Piivcr Bridge was designated as " West Bridge."" Among the names of streets at this time, we find How Street, Primrose road. Pecker road, Sargeant's road, and Jew Street. In 1820, a convention was called for the purpose of revising the State Constitution. The delegates from this town to the convention, were, Bailey Bartlett, Moses Wingate, and Charles White, The Fourth of July, 1821, was celebrated in quite a patriotic manner by the citizens of this town. A procession was formed at Masonic Hall, on Water Street, and marched to "Eev. Mr. Dodge's Meeting House," where the Declaration of Independence was read by James Duncan, Esq., and an oration delivered b}'^ James H. Duncan, Esq. After the exercises at the meeting-house, the procession re-formed, and marched to " Kendall's Hotel," where a bountiful dinner was properly disposed of, followed by patriotic toasts. In the evening there was a display of fireworks, the programme for which we copy in full from the Haverhill Gazette of June 30th, 1821: — " In the evening there will be a display of Fireioorks in front of the Kev. Mr. Dodge's Meetinghouse, to -commence at 9 o'clock, in the follow- ing order: — Part 1st. Pockets. A AVheel. A Shower of Pockets. o Little River was fonnerly called West Eiver, in distinetion from the principal stream in the East Parish, which was known as East River. The name Little River appears to have been taken from the Indian deed of the town, where it is used to distinsiiish this stream from the Great River. HISTORY OF HAVERHItL. 495 Cupid's escape from a Hornet's nest. Eockets. Part 2d. A "WheeL Kockets. A Wheel. A Shower of Eockets. Cupid's escape from a Hornet's nest." In December of the same year, a clock was placed in the tower of the First Parish meeting-house. When the new edifice was erected, in 1837, the clock was repaired and placed in its tower, at the town's expense, where it continued to mark the passing hours until, with the building itself, it was consumed by fire, January 1, 18-17. In 1821, the Second Baptist Society was organized, and a neat and commodious house of worship erected the following year. In 1823, the First Universalist Society was organized, and two years latei% a new brick meeting-house was erected for their use, on Summer street. In 1824, a brick chapel was erected for the Christian Society, on Wash^ ington square, and completed in the fall of that year. An indication of the growth of the town about this time, is also found in the number of new streets laid out and accepted. In 1824, How, Pleasant, Spring, and Stage streets were accepted ; and Summer street extended to Kent's lane. What is now Stage street was formerly known as Colby's lane, from a Mr. Colby, a tanner, who lived on the south-east corner of the street. His tan-yard was a few rods up the street, on the east side. John Woodman succeeded Colby in his business, and continued to use the yard until he purchased the Mill street property, 'after which the pits were taken up, and the place transformed into a garden. After the Eocks' Bridge was carried away, in 1818, the town leased the old ferry at that place to Col. John Johnson, at a rent of $44 a year. The town of West Newbury also leased the ferry to other parties, claim- ing at least an equal share in it with this town. After considerable negotiation and delay, the matter was finally settled, in 1825, by each town leasing its right to the same person. In 1825, the Haverhill bridge was repaired and covered ; since which time it has undergone but little change, excepting the addition of an out- side foot-path on the east side, some improvements in the draw, and the insertion of extra timbers in the arches. In February, 1826, a remarkable influenza prevailed in many of the towns in New England, and even in the middle and southern States. In this town, many whole families were confined to their houses. The editor of the Gazette, for February 25, reports that four of his printers were on the sick list, and the paper was only got out through the assistance of a hand from Boston. In Newburyport, it was estimated, three out of every 496 ttlSTOilY OF IlAVERUILli. five families were more or less afflicted ; and in Boston, at least tlirec thousand persons were suffering from the disorder. The proposition for a division of Essex County was again agitated about this time, and, in April, 1826, this town took a formal vote upon the matter. Although two hundred and forty-one votes were cast in town fot a Governor that year, only sixty-four votes were polled upon the above proposition, and but nine of that small number were in favor of a division. The county was not divided. Toward the latter part of July, 1826, the people of the town were not a little excited by the reports of several well known persons that a " wild man " had been seen in the woods in the town, who always fled when discovered. Supposing that it must be a man named Andrew Frink, who had, about two weeks previously, suddenly disappeared, in a fit of insan- ity, and for whose recovery a general turn-out and search of the town had been already made, a large hunting party was made up, and after a long search, and great exertions, succeeded in finding and capturing the man. He proved not to be Mr. Frink, but literally a wild man of the woods. It was supposed from his appparance that he was some unfortunate, who, having perhaps met with disappointment in life, had, in a fit of insanity, fled from society. '••' On Wednesday, August 1st, of the same year, there was a great fall of hail in the easterly part of the town. It appeared as if two clouds met at the Great Pond, and then swej^t round by the East Parish meeting- house leaving a track of about one mile wide, in which the ground was literally covered with hail. The trees, corn, and grass were badly dam- aged, and several persons severely pelted with the hail-stones. Some idea of the quantity of hail that fell may be gathered from the fact that eight days afterward, Mr Daniel Johnson picked up, from a heap then two and a half feet high, a basket of the hail-stoues, and carried them to the vil- lage for exhibition. The pile was found at the foot of a hill, from which the stones had rolled against the fence. When first seen the pile was so high as to cover the fence. Heaps of the hail were visible eleven days afterward; although exposed to the full heat of an August sun. In 1826, two maiden ladies, Lydia and Abigail Marsh, both natives and residents of the town, gave half an acre of land, on the north side of what is now AVinter Street, as a site for an Academy. The fine brick structure now occupied for our High School was at once erected, and was o The l)ody of Mr. Frink was found, about six weeks after his disappearance, in " Snow's Brook," (Fishing River) about two miles north-west from the village. As he disappeared while in the delirium of a fever, it was supposed that he stumbled and full into the brook, and was too weak to rise again. HISTORY OF HAVERHILL. 497 formally dedicated on the 30tli of April, 1827, and opened as an Academy. Among the dedicatory exercises, were an oration by Hon. Leverett Salton- stall, of Salem, and an original ode, by John Gr. Whittior, of this town. The building is two stories high, sixty-two feet in length, thirty-three feet in breadth, has a cupola, and is furnished with a superior toned bell. The Institution was incorporated the same year, and from that time, until 1841, continued in* successful operation. In the latter year, the First District High School was organized, and the Academy building leased for its use. This mention of the Academy, and its plain but really elegant building, will dou,btless awaken a variety of emotions among our readers. Many will remember the pleasant scenes and incidents of their academic years, and their eye will moisten as they think of the havoc which Old Time has made among their class-mates. Some were called early to rest ; others battled manfully for a time among the temptations, cares, and checkered fortunes of life, but one by one they have sunk exhausted by the wayside, and but a straggling few remain to drop a tear to their memory. The large and pleasant Hall of the Academy was for many years a favorite place for exhibitions, balls, lectures, and religious meetings. Some will there- fore associate the name with the fascinations and fleeting pleasures of the dance ; while others will remember it as the place where their soul first held communion with its God. And so, whether the reminiscence be pleasant or painful, hundreds whose eye shall meet this page, will pause to recall the scenes they have witnessed, and the hours they have passed, in the old Academy. At the annual town meeting in 1827, a change was made in the plan hitherto adopted in relation to the school committees. Instead of having large committees in each of the school districts, a General School Commit- tee, consisting of seven, was chosen, and each district was authorized and directed to choose their own Prudential Committee. At an adjourned meeting, the last part of this proposition was reconsidered, and it was decided that the Prudential Committees should also be chosen by the town. One was thereupon chosen for each district. In the Gazette for November 24th, of the above year, we find a notice of the death, in Providence, E. I., of Captain William Baker, a native of this town. Baker worked with Mr. Hall, the distiller, in Cole Lane (now Portland Street) Boston, at the commencement of the Eevolution, and was the first one who obtained information of the intended British expedition to Concord. With the assistance of Mr. Hall, he caused the first infor- mation to be given in the country, by Adjutant Danvers (or Devens). The 63 498 HISTORY OP HAVERHILL. next montli, Baker entered tte Continental Service. He vrag su'bseqTiently treveted as a captain. He retired from the service in 1780, and toward the latter part of his life, was assisted by a pension. The carrier of the Gazette, in his address to his patrons, January 1st, 1828, informs them that " Shad Parish still continues much the same ; The unwearied ghost still watches Country Bridge, Or stalks, w^ith chattering teeth and eyes of flame, From his old station, up to Peter's Ridge." *' Shad Parish was long a sort of nickname for the East Parish, on ac- count of the large quantities of shad caught within its limits. " Peter's Eidge" was the residence of "Black Peter," a negro, and the favorite route of a certain ghost that many of our readers have doubtless heard of, was " from Country Bridge to Peter's Eidge." The first Temperance Society formed in this town, — upon the principle of Total Abstinence from intoxicating liquors, — was organized on the 5th of February, 1828, under the name of The Society for the promotion of Temperance in Haverhill and vicinity. The circumstances attending its formation were as follows : — In the summer of 1827, a Eev. Mr. Hewit delivered a discourse on the subject of intemperance, to a large audience, in the "First Congrega- tional " (First Parish) meeting-house in this town. This discourse excited considerable interest and enquiry concerning the proposed plan of refor- mation. In the December following, the Eev. Dr. Edwards preached in the same place and on the same subject ; and added much to the feeling that had been previously elicited. Not long after, two individuals, Isaac E. How, Esq., and William Savory, incidentally held a conversation on the evils which this part of the community was suffering in consequence of drinking ardent spirits, and finally concluded that it was best to make an attempt to form a Temperance Society in the town and vicinity. After some consideration, they decided to have a meeting called on the next Sabbath evening, at the large chamber of Mr. Jonathan K. Smith, (the usual place for the evening religious meetings of the Baptist Church) pro- vided the latter could be obtained for that purpose. Mr. Smith readily granted the request. Mr. How then wrote a notice, the purport of which was, that all those in Haverhill and vicinity, who might be disposed to adopt some measures for the promotion of temperance, were requested to meet in Mr. Smith's chamber, on Sabbath evening, December 23d, 1827. This notice Mr. Savory carried to the editor of the Gazette, A. W. Thayer, Esq., who readily consented to insert it in his paper for two weeks in sue- aiStORY Off HAVERHILL. 499 "Cession. The proposition appeared to be well received. Kev. Mr. Keely^ the pastor of the Baptist church, advised his church to attend the pro- posed meeting, and gave notice that it would supercede the usual evening meeting. When the appointed time came, gentlemen assembled from Haverhill and Bradford ; and, at a proper tiAe, the Eev. Mr. Peny, of Bradford, was called to the chair, and Mr. Thayer was appointed secretary. After an interchange of opinions, a variety of resolutions were adopted, among which was one declaring that it was expedient to form a temperance society. A committee was thereupon appointed to report a constitution at a subsequent meeting, and an adjournment was made for one week. At the next meeting a constitution was reported and adopted, and the first Tuesday in February was fixed upon • as the time when the constitution should be signed and the society organized. Eev. Mr. Perry was invited to prepare an Address for the occasion. When the time arrived, all then present who desired to do so, (some fifteen or twenty) signed the constitu- tion, and the following board of oificers were then chosen : •— Kev, Grardner B. Perry, President ; Eev. Dudley Phelps, Vice Presi- dent; Mr. Abijah W. Thayer, Secretary and Treasurer; Deacon Caleb B. Le Bosquet, Mr. Benjamin Emerson, 2d, Mr. Isaac Morse, and Eliphalet Kimball, Esq., Coimcil; and Captain Ezekiel Hale, Jr., and Mr. Andrew W. Hammond, Auditors. After the choice of ofl&cers, they repaired to the Baptist Church, where Eev. Mr. Perry delivered his address. Nineteen persons signed the pledge the same evening. The first Anniversary Address before the Society, was delivered by Eev. Mr. Phelps, February 8, 1829, and the second, by Charles Otis Kimball, February 7, 1830.= -= The formation of this society, and the discussions and inquiries which followed its operations, caused no little interest, and even excitement, in the town ; and aroused a vigorous opposition to the movement. In conse- •quence of the bold and uncompromising stand taken by the secretary, Mr. Thayer, in his Gazette, the circulation of that paper rapidly fell from •one thousand down to six hundred copies weekly. But still the work went on. March 2i, 1831, the " Youth's Temperance Association of Haverhill and Bradford," was organized, and thirty-seven signed the constitution the same evening. Elias T, Ingalls was chosen President, and Moses R Whittier, Secretary. o A society was formed upon the same plan in the easterly part of the town, January 24, 1830, upon ■which occasion Eev. Mr. Phelps deliyered an address in the Second Baptist Church, 600 niSTOET OP HAVEKHILt. In 1833, the friends of the temperance movement nominated a list of town officers, and by printing the votes on hlue paper, literally compelled every voter to " show his colors " at the polls. Three years later, the large rum distillery then owned by Captain Wm. Caldwell, was sold to Alfred Kittredge, Esq., who took possession on the 3d of March, and put out the fires the same night. In 1840, he erected the range of stores known as the " Kittredge Block," on the same site. Nearly all the bricks used in the construction of the entire block of five stores were made, on the spot, from the clay found around the vats of the old distillery. AVell might the editor of the Gazette declare that a " great change " had taken place in the public sentiment since the dis- tillery was erected, but a few years before. Two years still later, (1842) strong temperance resolutions were adopted in the annual town meeting ; the selectmen were instructed not to grant any licen'ses for the sale of ardent spirits ; and a special committee of five was chosen to visit all per- sons engaged in the traffic, and endeavor to persuade them to abandon it. If they persisted, prosecution was to follow. Such were some of the rich fruits of the humble movement, set on foot by two humble individuals. In 182S, the steamer Merrimack^ Captain Wm. Haseltine, — the first steamboat on, the river, — commenced running between Haverhill and Newburyport. The first trip was made from Haverhill, Tuesday, Ajiril 8th, 1828. Fare to Newburyport, fifty cents. The Merrimack was built, and mostly owned in this town ; and was fitted with Wadsworth's Safety Steam Engine, the first one of the kind put in any boat. It continued running, though quite irregularly, for several years, when the enterprise was abandoned. The Merrimack Bridge, connecting the Eocks' Village with West-New- bury, was completed in the fall of 1828. It is built on Towne's system. It is 900 feet in length, and is supported by four stone piers, and two abutments, each extending some distance from the shore. It has four defensive piers, or sterlings, extending some distance above, and a draw. The bridge is built wholly of plank, except the floor timbers, and is, we believe, one of the earliest built upon that plan. About this time the town found itself without any regular place for holding its meetings. The First Parish, in 1827, had voted to charge the town in future thirty dollars a year for the use of their meeting-house ; but having had the free use of it, and its predecessors, since the Parish was first organized (ninety-eight years) the town refused to pay it, and at the next meeting ordered the selectmen to provide some other place. HISTORY OP riAVERHILt. 50l Accordingly, the September meeting (1828) was teld in the West Parish meeting-house ; and the November meeting was held in the meeting-house of the East Parish. This "boxing the compass" was not, however, generally satisfactory, and it was voted that all future meetings should be held in the First Parish, provided the selectmen could procure a suitable place. They next met in the Baptist meeting-house, then in the Christian Union chapel, then in the Univcrsalist meeting-house, again in the First Parish, then in Academy Hall, and finally, vibrated between the vestry of the Unitarian (or First Parish) church, and the above-named chapel, until a Town Hall was erected, in 1847. In 1829, the Haverhill Institution for Savings was organized, and commenced business in October of the same year. For a more particular account of this excellent Institution, see the appendix to this volume. July 14th, of the same year, the Infant School Society/ was organized. Mrs. James H. Duncan, Mrs. Eufus Longley, Mrs. Isaac E. How, mana- gers ; and Miss Eebecca Smith, instructress. The object of the society was to provide a suitable place, and instruction, for those too ^young to be admitted to the then ungraded schools. In this they were successful. A neat and convenient building was erected for their use, where the Town Hall now stands, and the school continued to flourish for many years. It was supported by moderate tuition fees, and private subscriptions. The Haverhill Lyceum, the first organization of the kind in the town, was formed February 25, 1830, with James H. Duncan, Esq., President, James Gale, Esq., Eecording Secretary, and Isaac E. How, Esq., Corre- sponding Secretary. The object of the association was, to provide for an annual course of lectures, upon literary and scientific topics, to be deliv- ered before the members. The courses usually consisted of ten or twelve lectures each, the expenses of which were defrayed by the sale of tickets of admission. The price of the latter was usually one dollar per course of lectures. The Lyceum was kept up, with but few interruptions, until the organization of the Haverhill Athenaeum, in 1852. The latter organ- ization, and its successor, the Haverhill Library Association, have continued to furnish an annual course of popular lectures to the present time. In March, 1830, John G. Whittier, then editor of the Essex Gazette^ in this town, issued proposals to publish a History of Haverhill, in one volume, of two hundred pages, duodecimo, price eighty-seven and one-half cents per copy. If the material swelled the volume above two hundred pages, the price was to be one dollar per copy. Friend Whittier soon found that the amount of labor required to compile the work, and the 502 HISTORY OP HAVERHILt. limited encouragement oflFered, were too serious obstacles to be easily surmounted, and tbe project was abandoned. In June, 1831, B. L. Mirick, then a young man employed in the store of Mr. John Dow, as clerk, issued a prospectus for a History of the town. The book was to contain two hundred pages, and the price fixed was one dollar per copy. It was published the following March. Mirick's History of Haverhill was a small sized octavo volume, of two hundred and twenty-seven pages, embellished with a single engraving, — a lithographic view of Haverhill — and, although gotten up with evident haste, and under the pressure of other engagements, it was alike creditable to the compiler and the town. It was published by A. W. Thayer, at the office of the Essex Gazette. It is, however, but just to add, that Mirick found a large part of the material used by him, already prepared. Friend Whittier had collected a large amount of valuable matter, which was readily placed in his hands, and the excellent Historical Sketch of Haver* hill, — prepared by Leverett Saltonstall, Esq., for the Massachusetts Historical Society, and published with their proceedings, in 1816, — left him comparatively little to do, except to arrange the material, and super- intend its publication. Mirick was a man of considerable literary talent, and wrote some excellent poetry. In 1 832, he was for a few months editor of the Middlesex Telegrojjh, at Lowell, after which he engaged in the dry goods business, in Boston, and subsequently in Bangor, Maine. In 1830, in answer to an order of the General Court, the selectmen were directed to have a correct survey made of the town. This was done the following year, and in 1832, James Gale, Esq., published an excellent lithographic map of the town, from this official survey. The size of the map was eighteen by twenty-nine inches, — - being drawn on a scale of one hundred rods to an inch. It was the first map of the town ever published. In the summer of 1831, the inhabitants of the town were greatly alarmed on account of the ravages of mad-dogs in the neighboring towns, and other parts of the State. So serious appeared the danger, that a town meeting was called to consider the matter ; but no definite action was taken, and the excitement soon subsided. The death of Joseph Morse, of this town, which occurred September 26, 1831, under very peculiar circumstances, seems to call for a special notice in this place. Mr. Morse was a man about thirty-seven years of age, of nervous tem- perament, and rather tender constitution of body. He had for a long HISTORY OP HAVERHII,!.. 603 time Tbeen afflicted with palpitation of the heart, which was greatly aggravated by the least excitement, or unusual exercise. For several years he labored under a heavy despondency of mind, — believing that he had "committed the unpardonable sin," — from which he at last emerged, and for about a year before his death, he was in an exceedingly happy and joyous frame of mind. A short time before his death, he informed his brother that he should live but a short time, and rehearsed the manner in which "it had appeared to him " that he should die. He said that he would be called upon to raise the draw of the bridge," to permit a vessel to pass up, and should bleed to death in the act. Nothing could persuade him that this was only the picture of a disordered imagination. He knew it woxdd he so. Early in the morning of September 26th, a schooner, commanded by Captain Newcomb, of this town, approached the bridge, and sounded a horn, as a signal for the draw to be raised. Mr. Morse was seen to hurry on to the bridge, and make preparations for raising it. But before he had commenced the actual raising, he was heard to say, "I'm dying;" and on looking up, those on board the vessel distinctly saw the blood pouiing from his mouth in a large stream. Before assist- ance could reach him, he was dead. In the excitement, he had evidently ruptured one of the larger blood-vessels, — already, probably, extensively diseased. In 1832, great alarm was felt in the town, on account of the awful ravages of the cholera in the country. The excitement and anxiety at length became so great, that a special town meeting was held on the 28th of July. At this meeting, a health committee of seven persons was chosen with power to visit places, remove nuisances, establish a hospital if neces- sary, and furnish disinfectants. The latter were to be furnished citizens at cost. If the cholera actually appeared in the town, the committee were authorized to send a physician, at the town's expense, to some place where the plague was, or had been, to learn the best modes of treatment. Eesolutions were also passed, urging and requesting all persons to discon- tinue for a time the use of ardent spirits, unless ordered or advised by a physician. Happily the town was passed over by the terrible plague. One or two persons experienced slight attacks, but none died. In the summer of 1833, President Jackson paid a visit to New England and was everywhere received with the honors that so justly belong to that exalted station. As he was expected to visit Salem, Lowell, Concord, and other places in the vicinity, a strong desire was manifested to secure a * Mr. Morse was toll-keeper at the Rocks' Bridge. 504 HISTORY OV HAVERHILL. similar honor for this town. Accordingly, June 20tli, a town meeting was called, and Ira Noyes and Edwin Harriman were chosen a committee to extend a formal invitation to the President to include Haverhill in the list of favored places. The selectmen, and twelve others, were made a committee of arrangements for the reception, and six were chosen to assist them. The President accepted the invitation, and the citizens vied with each other in efforts to put their houses and streets in holiday array for the occasion. Triumphal arches were erected, flags and banners prepared, buildings decorated, and everything done that ingenuity could devise, or money secure, that it was thought would add to the interest and attrac- tions of the reception. Almost at the last hour, and while the whole town were on the tiptoe of pleasant expectation, news came that the President had been taken sud- denly ill at Salem, and had consequently so changed his route, that he could not visit Haverhill ! It was a sad disappointment to the good peo- ple of the town, and it was some time ere they could realize the unwel- come fact that all their pains had been taken for nought. About this time, the subject of railway communication with Boston began to receive attention. The great importance and convenience of such a communication was obvious. The completion of a railroad from Andover to the Boston and Lowell railroad, at AVilmington, was already made certain, and brought the matter directly home to the capitalists and business men of Haverhill. The first meeting upon the subject, was held at the Eagle House, January 7th, 1834, — Hon. James H. Duncan, Chairman, Alfred Kittredge, Esq., Secretary. The meeting decided that the road ought to be extended from Andover to Haverhill, and a committee was chosen to explore the route, procure a scientific survey, and petition the Legislature for a charter. The enterprise was pushed forward with vigor. In the fall of 1835, the work of grading between Andover and Haverhill commenced ; in August, 183G, the cars commenced running between Andover and Wilmington ; and on the 26th of October, 1837, the road was formally opened to the Merrimack, at Bradford." The latter was an occasion of great rejoicing in this town. It was celebrated by a free ride of the stockholders over the road, and a splendid collation at Academy Hall, followed by the usual variety of lively and interesting sentiments and speeches, f o The road was opened to East Kingston in December, 1839, and soon after to Portland. t Believing that it will even now be read with interest, and will be found more and more interesting, as time shall multiply its changes and improvements, we give in full the " Stage Register " for Ilaverhill, as published just previous to the opening of the railroad connecting it with Boston : — HISTORY OF HAVERHILL. 505 The first Anti-Slavery Society in this town, was organized April 3d, 1834. Hon. Gilman Parker, President; A. W. Thayer, Eecording Secre- tary ; and John Gr. Whittier, Corresponding Secretary.'-' This was not long after followed by the organization of a Female Anti-Slavery Society, andj still later, by the organization of similar bodies in other parts of the town. The movement, however, met with considerable opposition, as may be judged from the fact that, in 1835, an anti-slavery meeting was broken up in the town by a' mob ! The circumstances were these: — A Eev. Mr. May, an " Abolitionist Lecturer," occupied the desk of the First Parish society on a Sabbath afternoon, in August, 1835, and, having engaged the Christian Union Chapel for the purpose, was to deliver an anti-slavery lecture at that place in the evening. The evening meeting was entirely broken up, by a mob outside, who threw sand, gravel, and small stones, against the windows, breaking the glass, and by their hoot- ings, and other noises, frightened the female portion of the audience, and led to the fear, on the part of all, that more serious assaults would follow, if the meeting was continued. It was, therefore, summarily dissolved. It was, perhaps, fortunate that the latter course was adopted, as a loaded cannon was then being drawn to the spot, to add its thunderings to the already disgraceful tumults of that otherwise quiet Sabbath evening ! The Fourth of July, 1835, was observed at the Eocks' Village, in a most enthusiastic manner, by the " Democratic Ecpublicans." A proces- sion, escorted by the Haverhill Light Infantry, marched to the Second "STAGE REGISTER, " The Haverhill and Boston Accommodation stage. — This stage leaves Haverhill every Monday Wednesday and Friday at 8 o'clock, a. m., and arrives at Boston at 1 o'clock p. m. Returning, leaves the city every Tuesday, Thursday and Saturday, at 2 1-2 o'clock p. m., and arrives at Haverhill same evening. " Boston Mail stage leaves Boston every day in the week, Sunday excepted, at half past seven o'clock a. m., and arrives in Haverhill at 12. Returning, leaves Haverhill every day at 1 o'clock, p. m., and arrives in Boston same evening. " Salem stage leaves Haverhill for Salem every Tuesday, Thursday and Saturday at 1 o'clock p. m. Returning, leaves Salem for Haverhill every Monday, Wednesday and Friday at 7 o'clock a. m., and arrives in Haverhill between 11 and 12. " Newhuryport stage leaves Newburyport for Haverhill every day at 9 o'clock a. m., and arrives 1-2 past 11. Returning! leaves Haverhill every day at 1 o'clock, and arrives in Newburyport at 4. "Lowell and Methiien stage leaves Haverhill every day at 1 o'clock, and arrives at half past 4. Re- turning, leaves Lowell everyday at 8 o'clock a. m. and arrives in Haverhill at half past 11. "Exeter and Dover stage leaves Haverhill every day at. 12 o'clock for Dover and arrives at 6 p. m. Returning, leaves Dover at 7 1-2 o'clock, and arrives in Haverhill at 1 o'clock p. m. every day. " Concord Stage leaves Haverhill Mondays, Wednesdays and Fridays at 12 o'clock, and arrives at Concord same evening. Returning, leaves Concord Tuesdays, Thursdays and Saturdays, at 7 a. m., and arrives in Haverhill at 1 p. m." ° The Essex County Anti-Slavery Society was formed June 10th, 1834 — Rev. Gardner B. Perry, President, and John G. Whittier Corresponding Secretary. The American Anti-Slavery Society was organized in May, 1833. 63 606 HISTORY OF nATERHILL. Baptist meeting-liouse, wtere an oration was deliverecl loy J. W. Mansnr, of Lowell, followed by a dinner under an arbor near the bank of the beau- tiful MeiTimack. In the central village, the occasion was noticed by the "Young Men's Temperance Lyceum." An address was delivered in the First Parish meeting-house, by Erastus Brooks, Esq.. followed by a public dinner. In the summer of 1835, the brick factory on Winter Street was erected by Ezekiel Hale, Jr., & Son. The building is ninety-five feet in length, by thirty-four feet in breadth, and four stories in height. It was built adjoining the old factory, which was of the same height, and fifty-nine feet in length, by twenty-seven feet in breadth. The whole was intended to run sixteen hundred spindles, turn out six hundred yards of superior scarlet flannel per day, and give employment to about thirty persons. The factory is now owned and operated by Messrs. Stevens & Co., (who pur- chased it in 1855) and employs about forty persons, turning out about eight thousand yards of excellent flannel per week. In the fall of 1835, the town voted to build a •' Work House " at the town farm. It was to be twenty feet square, and two stories in height, with three strong rooms, or cells, (ceiled with three-inch oak plank) on the ground floor, and two rooms in the second story, suitable for workshops. It was erected the following winter, at a cost of $708,80. At the same time, a committee was chosen to' petition the General Court for a general or special act, empowering the overseers of the poor to commit to the work- house all persons who receive any assistance from the town, or any of their families. Such an act was passed, and from time to time, persons have been committed in accordance with its provisions. The number of such committals has, however, always been small, and we believe that for sev- eral years past none whatever have been made. In January, 183G, the First Uhiversalist Society raised their first bell, making the fourth church -bell then in the village. Previous to about this time, the First Parish bell had been regularly rung daily, at twelve o'clock, M., and nine o'clock, P. M. This was an old custom, and, for aught we know, was introduced into New England along with the first church-bell. It is still kept up in very many New England towns and cities. Even in Boston, the familiar tone of the " Old South " bell may still be daily heard above the din of the busy streets, calling the multitude from labor, to their mid-day refreshment. In this town, the daily ringing of the bell was regularly kept up until about the time we have mentioned, after which HISTORY OP HAVERHILL. 507 it was done a part of the time only, until, about 1848, it was discontinued altogether, mucli to the regret of many who cherish the " good old cus- toms of our fathers." In November, 1836, Summer Street was extended from Kent to Mill Streets ; and Webster Street was laid out. Both were accepted by the town. In the spring of 1837, a census of the town was taken, by the assessors, from which it appears that there was then a population of four thousand seven hundred and twenty-six in the town. The whole number of polls was one thousand four hundred and four. The village contained a popu- lation of two thousand seven hundred and seventy-one, with eight hundred and thirty-one polls ; the East Parish six hundred and nipety-seven popu- lation, and one hundred and eighty-one polls ; the West Parish a population of seven hundred and seventy-seven, and two hundred and thirty-three polls ; and the North Parish a population of four hundred and eighty-one, and one hundred and fifty-nine polls. This was an increase since 1830, of eight hundred and fourteen in population, and four hundred and fortj- two polls. When, in 1828, the town was refused the longer free use of the First Par- ish meeting-house, the question arose, to whom belongs the land where the First Parish meeting-house now stands? A committee was chosen by the town to investigate the point. The result of their investigations left the matter in doubt. Finally, in 1836—7, the parish decided to replace their old meeting-house by a new and more imposing structure, and made a proposition to release all claim to the " common," in exchange for the Marsh lot, just north of it. The matter came before the town at their meeting jn May, 1837, and $1,000 was appropriated toward purchas- ing the claim, that the place might be laid out as a common forever. The above estate was purchased, at a cost of $2,750, the buildings sold for $1,000, and the balance was made up by individual subscription. James H. Difncan, Esq., was made chairman of a committee to carry out the vote of the town, and to his exertions and liberality we are largely indebted for our present beautiful common. The following vote of the Parish, passed June 5, 1837, shows the conditions upon which the quit- claim was made : — " Voted, That the Parish will sell, by quit-claim deed, to the Town of Haverhill, for the use of the Town, as an ornamental common, not to be built on, the land of the Parish heretofore used as their meetinghouse lot ; reserving all the stones and brick on the same, on full and plain conditions, expressed in the deed, limiting the use of the said land, for the purpose 508 HISTORY OF nAVERniLL. of an ornamental common, and providing for the said deed "being void, and the land reverting to the Parish, if any building or buildings ■whatever, shall, either by the said town or any person or body, ever be placed or suffered to remain on said land, or on any of the land situate between any part of the said land and the Marsh lot, so called, lying a few rods north- erly of the land so deeded to the Town." The Parish immediately commenced the- erection of an elegant church edifice on the new lot ; and at the next annual meeting, the town chose a committee to level the common, and otherwise improve it. It was several years, however, before the work of enclosing and embellishing it was fully completed ; and to the active and energetic labors of the ladies of the town must be accorded a large part of the credit due for its final accom- plishment. At the annual March meeting in 1837, the town voted to receive its share of the surplus revenue then about to be divided among the several States. The General Court of Massachusetts had passed an Act author- izing its proportion of the surplus to be divided among the several towns in the State, upon the same conditions that Congress had authorized its distribution among the several States. At the above meeting the town accepted the conditions, and chose a committee to devise some appropriate plan for the disposition of the money. At the adjourned meeting, the committee submitted the following report: — *' The committee chosen at the last meeting ' to recommend a disposition of the portion of the surplus Revenue that may belong to the town ' have attended to that duty and Eeport, That the probable amount of the Town's proportion of said surplus Eevenue will be nearly Twelve Thousand Dollars. That it is payable in four quarterly instalments, two of which will be soon receivable, and the remaining two in July and October next. That as a condition of receiving the money, the Town must give a certificate of Deposite binding the town for a repayment of the same or any part thereof, when required, and that by the Act of the Legislature, the Town must apply the money, or the interest on the same to those public objects of expenditure, for which Towns may now lawfully raise and appropriate monc}^ and to no other purpose. And as the Towji is now indebted to the amount of nearly seven thousand dollars, your committee recommend, first, that three thousand dollars of said deposite money be applied to the payment of the Town's debts. Second, that one thousand dollars of the same be i*e-loaned on interest to the First School District in Haverhill, to enable their building HISTORY OP HAVERHILL. 509 committee to pay for the School House lately erected by said District. And lastly, in order to secure a safe and productive investment of said deposite money, your committee recommend that the residue of said depos- ite money, including the future instalments, and the sum recommended to be loaned to said School District, when repaid, be invested in the stocks of the Merrimack and Haverhill Banks at the lowest rate at which shares can be purchased, and that the interest of all the amount invested on interest, be annually apportioned by the Selectmen to the several School Districts for the support of cojnmon schools, according to the number of scholars in each school district between the ages of four and sixteen years. And to carry into effect the foregoing recommendations, your committee propose the following votes. All of which is respectfully submitted. 13y order of the committee, James H. Duncan, Haverhill, April 8th, 1837. Chairman." The report was accepted, and its recommendations adopted. The necessity of an official and well understood name for each of the several streets, now that the town was rapidly increasing in population, and new streets were being frequently laid out, was too apparent to escape attention; and we accordingly find that, at the annual meeting in ISoS, a committee was chosen to name them. The following is copied from the records of April 16th, of the same year: — " Voted That the report of the Committee chosen April 2d, 1838, to name the several streets in the village, be accepted, as amended, which is as follows, viz. AYater St., From the Great Bridge to Gage's corner, or Plain Gate. Front St.,''- From the Great Bridge to Little River Bridge. Washington St., From Little Paver Bridge to West Parish line, by Daniel SiWer's house. Main St., From the Great Bridge to the State line near Plastow meeting- house. Summer St., From Main to Mill St. near Col. Woodman's Mill. Broad St.,f From Main St. by the Street Pump to Derry St. over the Stone Bridge. DeiTy St., J From Little Eiver Bridge to corner of Derry road west of Moses Poor's house. * Changed May 2d, to Merrimack street. t Changed May 2d, to Winter street. t Changed May 2d, to Essex street (from Little River Bridge to the foot of the hill.) 510 HISTORY OP UAVERIIILL. Bradford St., From Water St. near Mrs Whittier's Brick house, to the Chain Ferry. Mill St., From Water St., by Col. Woodman's Mill to Fond St. Jew St., From Derry Street by the brick yard, and Aaron Carlton's house, to New Hampshire line. Cross St., From Water St. to Mill St. Kent St., From Water St. crossing Summer St. to Pond St. Stage St., From AVater St. by Merrimack Bank to Summer St. Green St., From AVater St. by Nathan Webster's Hat Factory to Sum* mer St. Pecker St., From Front St. by the Baptist Vestry to Broad St. How St., From Front St. to Broad St. west of the Baptist meeting house. Portland St., From Broad St. to White St.- Pleasant St., From Broad St. to Pecker St. by Benj Kimball's house. High St., From Derry St. to Washington St. at top of the Hill. Primrose St., From Broad St. to Main St. near Mrs Duston's house. White St., From Broad St. to Main St. Pond St., From Main St. by Capt. John Ayer's to Bridge at the great Pond. Webster St., From Summer St. to Pond Street. Dow St., From Main St. crossing Webster St. to Kent St. All of which is respectfully submitted.! Haverhill, April 16th, 1838. Moses Wingate, chairman.'* In the fall of 1838, Mr. Moses E. Emerson, of this town, advertised, that on the 19th of November, he should commence going to Boston in the cars every morning, returning in the evening, for the purpose of trans* acting any business entrusted to him. This was the beginning of what has now become an important and extensive business, — the " Express '* business. E. C. Thompson & Co., now employ three messeug^s, (making three trips daily each way) two horses and drivers in Haverhill, and three horses and two drivers in Boston. In 1839, Ezekiel Hale, Jr., petitioned the town, for liberty to erect a flume at the outlet of the Great Pond, for the purpose of holding the water in reserve to supply his factory during the dry season of the year. He had already expended upwards of seven hundred dollars in widening and deepening tlie bed of tlie stream leading from the pond to Little Kiver, and erecting flumes ; and now wished to hold the surplus water of the * Portland street wns accepted at the March meeting of the same year. t School street was accepted the following year. HISTORY OP HAVERHILL. 511 pond under KIs own control. The town gave Lim a quit-claim of its right to erect such a flume, and to flow the pond, on condition that he erected a suitable bridge and causeway at the outlet of the pond, and seciired the town from all costs and damages arising from such flowage.* The Fourth of July, 1839, was celebrated by a large party at the Great Pond ; and by the First Universalist Society, at Plug Pond. The day was further noticed, by a national salute of twenty-six guns, and the ringing of bells, at sunrise, noon, and sunset, and a display of fireworks in the evening. Previous to this, it had for many years been the practice, — in addition to bonfires, dragging burning tar-barrels through the streets, &c., • — to throw " fire-balls " back and forth through the streets, on the even- ing of the Fourth of July.f But this year, on petition of many of the citizens of the village, the town voted to prohibit the use of not only fire- balls, but crackers, and squibs. Toward the latter part of 1839, Eev. Wm. Miller, — whose predictions that the year 1843 would witness the destruction of the world by fire, had already awakened a deep interest in other places. — visited this town, and preached a course of lectures upon his startling topic, in the Christian Union Chapel. The earnest manner of the preacher, the apparent plausi- bility of his interpretations of scripture, and the awful sublimity of the subject, caused him to be listened to by large audiences, with deepest in- terest. In January, (1810) he delivered a second course -upon the same subject, which deepened the impression already made, and led to a general religious awakening in the town. In the following April, there were, at one time, four series of protracted meetings being held in the village. At the Union Evangelical Church (Winter Street) such a meeting commenced on the oth of April, and was continued every evening, and a part of the time every afternoon, for some two months. In the height of the excite- ment, several persons were thrown into a trance state, and the meetings were repeatedly continued until near the morning's dawn. Scenes such as were witnessed in that place during these memorable weeks, are beyond the power of description, and will probably never be repeated in all their wild extravagance. * In 1814, Ezekiel Hale (senior) petitioned the town for permission to erect a Lock at Little River Bridge, " so as to float lumber to his mill." The matter was referred to a committee, who reported fav- orably, but the town refused to grant the desired permission. In 1826, Mr. Hale applied to the General Court for permission to make a canal "from Hale's Mill pond, by the Little River, to the Merrimack." The prayer was granted, and the canal was made, but never used. It was intended for the purpose of running logs and lumber between the Merrimack and Mr. Hale's saw mill, which was located on the opposite side of the stream from the present flannel factory. t These fire balls were balls of cotton, soaked in spirits of turpentine, and thrown back and forth with Sloved hands, while bnrning. 512 HISTORY OF HAVERHILL. From the official " census of Pensioners," for 1840, we find that there were but six then living in this town. These were James Walker, aged 90 ; David How, 84 ; Daniel Bradbury, 77 ; James Simpson, 83 ; Daniel Silver, 77 ; Daniel Clough, 77. HISTOUT OF HATEEHILL. 613 CHAPTER XXVIL 1840 TO 1860. The large increase in the population of the town, in the years immedi- ately preceding that in which our chapter opens, created a demand for more extensive and perfect school accommodations in the central district In the year 1838, a small wooden building was erected upon the pres- ent site of the School Street school-house, to afford school accommodations for the increasing population in the easterly part of the village. Similar buildings were also erected during the same year in the westerly part of the village, — one on High Street, and one on Washington Street. Pre- vious to this, the old building at the head of the common was the only public school-house in the village. The School Street house had two rooms, — one for a Primary and the other for a Grammar School, — with an average attendance of about forty pupils each. The Grammar department was under the care of Isaac Ames, Esq.,=--= for a short time, and for several years was taught by a suc- cession of teachers, all of whom retained the situation for a short time, with the exception of Mr. John B. Carrick, who taught successfully for several years, until failing health obliged him to resign his charge. He died while the dews of early manhood were fresh upon him, beloved and honored by his pupils, as an affectionate and faithful instructor. The house was remodeled in 1847, by throwing both rooms into one, for the Grammar School, and fitting up a room in the basement for a Primary department. This proved to be an injudicious measure, as the basement room was damp and unhealthy, and the upper room too small for the large increase of attendance in that department. The old building was there- fore sold, and removed, in 1855, and the present spacious and substantial structure erected, at a cost of nearly $15,000. The building is of brick, with free-stone trimmings, and granite foundation ; eighty feet in length by fifty in breadth ; two stories in height, — with a fine basement for play-rooms in stormy weather. The building is divided into six school- rooms, and a spacious hall, with ample entries, and closets for clothing, • Now Judge of Probate and Insolvency for the County of Suffolk. 65 514 niSTORY OF nAVERniLL. connected with each room. The rooms arc light, spacious, and well venti- lated, and furnished with all the modern imjirovements and convenicn- cics. Ample play-grounds, ornamented with shade-trees, are connected with the building. The house was dedicated Jane 17, 1 8") G, with appro- priate exercises by the pupils, addresses by gentlemen of the General School Committee, and singing an original hymn. The school is estab- lished upon the graded system, consisting of the primary, Intermediate, and Grammar divisions, each division being sub-divided and occupying a separate room. Children five years of age 'are admitted to the Primary room where they remain until fitted for the next grade. This school has been under the care of Dr. John Crowell, as principal, for several years, assisted by five female teachers, with an attendance of about three hundred pupils." Since the present building has been occupied, nearly five hundred dol- lars have been raised by the eiforts of the teachers and scholars, and ap- propriated in purchasing a fine piano, and several beautiful engravings for the hall, and planting shade-trees in the yards. As early as 1835, the population of the town had reached the number fixed upon by the commonwealth for the establishment of a High School, and a proposition to that eifect was made, but was indefinitely postponed. In 1840, the subject of a High School again came before the town for definite action. A committee was thereupon chosen to consider thp matter and report. At the September meeting, the committee reported, that the town was liable to indictment unless they established a High School, or acceptct the act of the previous Legislature, which released all towns from establishing such a school, provided they expended twenty-five per cent, more on their district schools than they had previously raised for that purpose. The committee recommended the latter course, which was agreed to, and $700 additional was appropriated for the purpose. The next year, the First District voted to establish a High School, and the Academy building was hired for the purpose. The first examination for admission to the school was held at the latter place, April 2Sth and 29th, 1841, and the school went into immediate operation. The same year (1841) the town accepted the act of the General Court establishing a " fire department," and the fire companies and wardens were ° Since the above was written, Dr. Crowell has resijrned his position as principal of this flourishing school, and again resumed the practice of his profession. Dr. C. was admirably qualified for the positioa he so long filled, and to him belongs a large share of the credit due fur the high position occupied by thi» ' school. HISTORY OF HAVERHILL. 515 immediately re-organized, agreeably to said act." The town also voted to pay tlie firemen "for sta3dag over night at the Stage Street fire," the pre- vious October, — when the steam mill of Noyes & Dunbar, and the house and shop of Lyman Worthen, were totally destroyed. This was the first instance of payment to the firemen in the town for their services, except the allowance of their annual poll tax, as previously mentioned. At the same time, the selectmen were authorized to pay them for any similar ser- vice the ensuing year, at their discretion. The Fourth of July, 1841, was noticed in town by a grand Temperance Celebration, under the direction of the " H^erhill Washingtonian Soci- ety," which had been recently organized, and was then in vigorous opera- tion. The "Washingtonian movement, which originated with a few obscure men in Baltimore, in IS-tO, spread rapidly over the whole country, and was the means of rescuing thousands from a drunkard's grave. This town was an early sharer in the happy fruits of that movement, and not a few who read these pages haA^e cause for gratitude that they were brought within the charmed circle ; while a still greater number, around whose pathway the dark shadows of intemperance were silently but surely gathering, will bless the day that rescued some dear friend from the fearful snares which entangled him. Many persons wilPremember the exciting scenes and discussions in Con- gress, about the time of which we now write, upon " the right of petition." While the free and unrestrained right of the people to petition their repre- sentatives in Congress assembled, was claimed on the one hand, it was not only denied on the other, but the dissolution of the Union was threatened if petitioning upon the subject of slavery was persisted in. These threats, while they alarmed many, provoked the just indignation of others. The writer well remembers frequent and warm discussions upon the sub- ject in the place where he was then employed, and the repeated and earnestly expressed wish of one ardent believer in " free speech, "f that these hypocritical threats might be rebuked by petitions from the North, praying for the very thing so fiercely threatened by members froin the South. Acting upon the hint, as we have no doubt, Benjamin Emerson, 2d, who was fi'equently present at these discussions, drew up such a petition, which was signed by forty-four persons, and duly forwarded to the Hon. ° The next j-ear, the town accepted the code of By-Lawa adopted by the Engineers. t Deacon Tappan Chase. 616 HISTORY OF HAVERHILI,. John Quincy Adams, the fearless and uncomproiaising defender of the right called in question. The following is a copy of the petition : -^ " To the Congress of the United States. The undersigned, citizens of Haverhill, in the Commonwealth of Massachusetts, pray that you will immediately adopt measures, peaceably, to dissolve the Union of these States. First, Because no Union can be agreeable or permanent, which does not present prospects of reciprocal benefit. Second, Because a vast pmportion of the resources of one section of the Union is annually drained to sustain the views and course of another sec- tion without any adequate return. Third, Because (judging from history of past nations) this Union if persisted in, in the present course of things, will certainly overwhelm this whole nation in utter destruction. Benj Emerson 2d John P. Montgomery Osgood G. Boynton Elisha Hutchinson Franklin Currier Edward E. Dike Elijah S. Tozier Wm Hale Joseph Flanders Alfred S. Parmlee George 0. Harmon N. P. Dresser James Harmon Otis W. Butters John Philbrick Wm H. Noyes Edwin A. Sargent Herman Kimball "Washington Johnson Thomas Ball Joseph B. Spiller J. Henry Johnson Francis Butters, jr Sewell E. Jewett Willibee H. Currier Daniel Brickett Cornelius Jenness Wm N. Davis Ezekiel Hale, jr Samuel Stuart Samuel Plumer Nathaniel Foot Leonard Parker Francis Butters Geo. F. Bailey Elbridge G. Davis Alfred Gage Truman M, Martin Oliver H. F. Delaware B. Greeley Nathan AVebster Charles Fitch John L. Head." Tappan Chase On the 24: th of January, 1842, Mr. Adams presented the petition in the national House of Ecpresentatives, and moved its reference to a special committee, with instructions to report an answer to the petitioners. An exciting scene followed. Mr. Hopkins asked if it was in order to move to burn the petition in presence of the House ; Mr. Wise, (of Va.,) asked if it was in order to move to censure any member who presented such a petition; and Mr. Gilmer, (of N. C.,) offered a resolution censuring Mr. Adams for presenting it. After an exciting discussion, the House abruptly adjourned. Nearly the whole of the next four days was spent in discuss- ing resolutions offered by Jlr. Marshall, (as a substitute for Mr. Gilmer's) declaring that "a proposition to the representatives 'to dissolve' the Union, is a high breach of privilege, contempt offered to the House, a proposition to commit perjury, and involves the crime of high, treason ; HISTORY OF HAVERHILL. 517 that John Q. Adams, in presenting a petition praying the dissolution of the Union, has offered the deepest indignity to the House, and insult to the people of the United States ; " and " that John Q. Adams might well be held to merit expulsion from the national councils," for offering such a petition. On the 29th, the resolutions were " postponed for the present ; " and February oth, the whole subject was tabled, by a large majority. In view of recent developments, and the present condition of our national affairs, we have deemed the history of the "Haverhill Disunion Petition" entitled to a place on the pages of this work, and have therefore given it. As we distinctly understood it at the time, the petition was intended as a rebuke for what were believed to be hollow threats of dis- union, and its effect certainly seems to have proved the shrewdness of the petitioners. The Fourth of July, 1842, was celebrated by the " Washington Street Washington Total Abstinence Society," by a procession to the common, where an address was delivered by Charles T. Woodman, Esq., followed by a collatiorii at the same place. At the annual town meeting in 1843, it was voted to divide the " sur- plus revenue" equally among the inhabitants of the town, each giving his individual note to the town, promising to return the sum received by him, on demand. Th^s was in direct violation of the terms upon which the town itself held the money, and an injunction was immediately issued, restraining them from making such a distribution. A meeting was there- upon called, (June 5) and it was voted to apply the interest of the fund to the support of the schools in town. The Anniversary of the National Independence was celebrated in 1843, by a Ladies' Levee, on the vacant lot, corner of Summer and Stage Streets, the proceeds of which were applied " for the benefit of the Poor." The day was also observed by the Sabbath School connected with the Second Baptist Society, in a procession, an address by Rev. Benj. Wheeler, of Plaistow, and a collation on the banks of the Merrimack. The subject of temperance still continued to occupy a prominent place in the public mind, and at the annual meeting in 1844, the town passed reso- lutions similar to those it adopted in 1842. Though the common was purchased and leveled several years previous to this time, it was not yet suitably enclosed and laid out. But in 1844, the ladies of the village took hold of the matter, and, in September of that year, held a levee, at the Academy Hall, to provide funds for that purpose. The effort was successful, and the public spirited maids and mat- rons are fully entitled to this honorable mention for their seasonable Bervices in improving this beautiful pari;. 618 HISTORY OF HAVERHILL. In 1845, a new temperance organization was introduced into town, under the form of a semi-" secret society," known as " The Independent Order of Rcchabites." A " Tent " was formed here in the early part of that year, and so rapid was the increase of its members, that in August the large hall in Duncan's Building, Main Street, was leased, and dedica- ted to their use. 'Jh3 new organization continued to flourish for a few years, when it rapidly fell into decay, and soon ceased to exist. At the time of the organization of the Eechabitcs, the Washingtonian Society had ceased to be an active body, and it soon after became extinct. In October, of the same year, an eiFort was made to revive the interest in the Washingtonian plan, by organizing a new society, under the name of the " Pentuckct Total Abstinence Society," but it proved to be short lived. The same year, another of the so-called "secret," societies was intro- duced into the town. September 4th, "Mutual Eelief Lodge" of the "Independent Order of Odd Fellows" was instituted, and on the 17th of October, the hall over the lecture-room of the Centre Congregational Society, on Vestry Street, was dedicated to their use. The new order took vigorous root, and flourished for several years. It is still living, and by means of its brotherly aid in sickness, and the liberal appropriations from its fund to the " widow and orphan," is quietly difi'using its genial influence to no small extent. In August, of the same year, a new burial ground was laid out on the north, and immediately adjoining, the first one laid out in the town. It was purchased by a company, and was dedicated April 2 1st, 1846, under the name of " Linwood Cemetery." It was tastefully laid out and embellished, and is now among the neatest and pleasantcst places of the kind in New England. The wide contrast between the neat and orderly appearance of the new cemetery, and the neglected and dilapidated condition of the old burying- ground immediately adjoining it, naturally excited a desire to see- the latter improved and cared for. In this improvement, as ii*the case of the old common, the ladies were the most active and zealous workers. Foremost among them were Mrs. (Jeremiah) Stickney, and Mrs. (Rufus) Longley. Enlisting the aid and sympathy of others, a levee was held April 10th, 1845, which proved highly successful; contributions were solicited, and freely bestowed ; and in the course of the next two years, more than one thousand dollars was raised and expended in beautifying and improving that ancient burial-place. A neat granite monument was erected to the memory of the beloved Eolfe and his family ; the old wooden HISTORY OF HATEEHILt. 519 fence in front was exchanged for one of iron, and that upon the sides gave place to the more appropriate and durable hedge ; and every part of the grounds felt the magic touch of woman's hand. The homely and ancient name, " Burying-Ground," was exchanged for that of "Pentucket Ceme- tery," by which name it will ever after be known. In June, 1 8-1:6, the steamer Lawrence, a side-wheel boat, about one hun- dred and fort}' feet long, and built at Newburyport expressly for the route, commenced running between that place and Haverhill. She proved to be too large and unwieldy for the purpose, and after running two seasons, was sold to parties in Connecticut. June 6th, 1848, a new stern-wheel steamer, of the same name, also built for the Merrimack, at Waterville, Maine, made her first appearance at Haverhill, and the same day went up as far as the new city of Lawrence. This was the first and last trip made by a steamboat so far up the river. The intention about that time, was, to clear the river above this place, so as to allow light draft steamboats to make regular trips between Newburyport and Lawrence. With that view, the legislature had granted (April, 1848) an act of incorporation to James R. Nichols, James H. Carlton, and others of this town, under the name of the " Pentucket Navigation Co.," giving them the exclusive right to navigate the Merrimack, between Ha-verhill and Lawrence, by steam- boats, for twenty-five years, provided they made it so navigable within five years. TLe only impediment to such navigation, was the rapids in this town, known as Mitchel's Falls, to clear a channel through which it was estimated would cost only about five thousand dollars. But for want of sufiicient inducement to warrant even that outlay, the project was abandoned. Besides the steamboats mentioned, several others ran transiently be- tween Newburyport and this town, at various times, from 1848 to 1854. Their names were, the Sarah, California, Merrimac, Ohio, C. B. Stevens, Narragansett, and Grace Darling. The latter was owned by Haverhill men, and was put upon the route in August, 1854. The opening of the Georgetown railroad, about this time, diverted the travel to so large an extent in that direction, that the steam navigation of the river was given up in the fall of the year last mentioned, and will never, in all probability, be again resumed. In October, 1847, a society was organized in this town, under the name of the " Fraternity of Shenstones." The object of the society, was, to provide means for setting out and taking care of " ornamental trees, in the streets, squares, and other public places in the town." Isaac Ames, Esq., was chosen President, and Thomas M. Hayes, Esq., Secretary and 520 HISTORY OF HAVERniLL. Treasurer. The fee for membership was one dollar per year. The name was adopted in honor of an English gentleman, who, many years before, labored zealously for a similar purpose in his own country. Through the exertions of the Shenstones, many hundred trees were from time to time set out, which have already become a beautiful " ornament " to moro than one street in our village. A large share of the credit which justly belongs to that society for their thoughtfulness, good taste, and large suc- cess, is due to the efforts of its originator, and first Secretary. Though long since laid beneath the sod, the beautiful trees he planted, and watched with so much tenderness and interest, will long remind us that he lived not in vain. The subject of a Town House, or Town Hall, began to be agitated soon after the town found itself obliged to hire a place for its meetings, in 1828. In May, 1831, a meeting was called for the special purpose of con- sidering the matter, but the town voted not to build. Two years later, a committee was chosen to see about a site for such a building, and the prob- able cost, but nothing definite was done, and the next year the committee was discharged. At the annual meeting in 1835, the town voted to build a Town House, and a committee was chosen to sec about a site, &c. Two years later, a proposition was made to purchase the Christian Union Chapel, on Washington Square but it was not accepted. Another two years came and went, and the subject of building such a structure again came before the town, but was indefinitely postponed. Here the matter rested until the annual meeting in 1847, when the town voted to erect a suitable building for their use, on the " south part of the Harrod lot, so called," at an expense of eight thousand dollars. A steeple was to be placed upon the building, provided a clock and bell were provided by priv- ate subscription. A plan was presented and agreed upon, for a building seventy-six feet long, forty-two feet wide, and twenty-six feet high above the cellar. The latter was to be seven and one-half feet deep in the clear. The work was immediately commenced, and the building com- pleted early in the following year. Though the town adopted a plan, with the express understanding that parties had offered to erect a building according to that plan for $8,000, the actual sum expended was $16,382.44. The clock and bell were purchased as proposed, — by private subscrip- tions, — and the proceeds of a public levee. At the annual meeting in 1848, the town voted to allow the county the free use of the hall for the County Courts, if the latter should be removed from Ipswich to Haverhill. It was also voted that the hall should be kept exclusively for the use of the town, except that it might be let " for HISTORY 01" HAVERHILL. 521 sucli lectures or meetings as shall in the best judgment of the Selectmen have a tendency to improve the morals and intelligence of the citizens." Subsequently, the selectmen were invested with the full control of the hall. At the same meeting, a committee was chosen to appear before the Gen- eral Court in aid of the petitioners for a railroad from Newburyport to Bradford.-' It was also voted that future town meetings should be warned by publishing the warrant in each of the newspapers in town two weeks, and posting a copy in the office of the town clerk. This has continued to be the practice to the present time. At the same time a committee was chosen to superintend the laying out of the Common, and the setting out of trees. f The hay-scales w^re ordered to be removed from the Common, and they were accordingly transferred to their present location. A safe was purchased for the better protection of the town records ; and the first two books of the records were ordered to be copied. The latter task was performed in a most faithful and beautiful manner, by Mr. Josiah Keely. At the same meeting, a proposition was made for the town to pay the difference between the cost of a five-inch and an eight-inch iron pipe, from the Eound Pond to the top of the hill on Main Street, — The Acqueduct Company being about to re-place the old logs with an iron pipe of the for- mer diameter. The subject was referred to a committee, who subsequently reported in favor of the town's paying the difference between a five and a sja;-inch pipe, which was agreed to, and the present six-inch pipe was accordingly substituted. In December, (18th) of the same year, a town meeting was called to consider the expediency of placing a restriction upon the keeping of dogs. It was voted that dogs should not run at large without a muzzle, and the town clerk was authorized to pay one dollar for every dog killed, not so muzzled, provided no man was to be paid for killing his own dog. This regulation proved to be too stringent for practical execution, and, Decem- ber 30th, another dog meeting was held, when the above vote was re-con- sidered. J c The committee were Alfred Kitredge, J. H. Duncan, W. R. Whittier, Rufus Longley. and Caleb Hersey. t The committee were Wm. Taggart, J. H. Duncan, AVm. Merrill, Wm. D. S. Chase, and Thos. N. Chase. X Gov. Banks, in his annual address to the General Court, in 1860, ventured the opinion, that there were more dogs than sheep in the State of Massachusetts. We are inclined to believe that the estimate is a reasonable one ; and also that their extermination would be a positive blessing to the State. The loss of a single life by hydrophobia, now fearfully common, will more than outweigh the good done by all the dogs in the Commonwealth in a generation, 66 522 ITISTORY OF nAVERHILL. In 1848, " Primrose Lane" waa widened and straightened, and elevated to the dignity of a street ; and in the following year, Emerson, Vestry, and Cross Streets, were formally accepted by the town. We have already alluded to the erection of a small school-house on "Washington Street, in 1838. In 1843, the school was changed to a Gram- mar School. In 1845, the building was enlarged by the addition of twenty feet in length, but the rapid growth of that section of the village soon outstripped even that liberal addition, and, in 1849, the building was removed, to give place to the present neat and substantial brick structure. The present school building is thirty-eight by sixty feet, and two stories high. The first floor is used for a primary, and the second for a grammar school. The cost of the building was upwards of three thousand dollars. The school was for several years in charge of Luther Emerson, of this town. It is now under the eflicient direction of Mr. J. B. Smith, to whose earnest efforts we are largely indebted for its present excellent standing. The old school building was subsequently removed to White Street, near Portland Street, where it is still occupied for a jgrimary school. There were at this time in the district five primary, and four grammar schools, besides the High school. The amount paid by the district for their support in 1848, was $3,164,86. The average weekly cost per scholar, based upon actual attendance, was, nine cents and four mills for primary; fifteen cents for the grammar; and thirty cents for the High school. In the early part of 1850, the small-pox broke out in the western part of the town, and for a time raged fearfully. It was confined principally to the northern part of the West Parish. In School District No. 2, there were between thirty and forty cases, several of them fatal. The loathsome disease was introduced into the parish by a young lady, on a visit from Boston. About this time, the town began to make large appropriations for its Eire Department. We have already noticed the organization of the de- partment, in 1841. In 1843, the town voted to build a house for the hook and ladder company ; in 1848, a new engine was purchased for com- pany No. 1, and a new engine house was built for them the next year ; in 1849, the old engine of company No. 4 was exchanged for a new one, and a new engine was purchased for company No. 2; in 1851, a new machine was procured for company No. 3, and a new and commodious house erected for their use. At the same time, it was voted to pay the firemen, (or, as they were then called, " engine-men,") five dollars each, annually, and twenty-five cents per hour each, for labor at fires — alarms HISTORY OF HAVERHILL. 523 to be considered as one hour each, if the engine was taken from the house. In 1853, the selectmen were authorized to sell the engine house on Pleas- ant Street, (about midway between Fleet and Winter Streets, on the south eide,) " and the three Fire Engines therein." Other and liberal expendi- tures have beon made from time to time for the purchase of machines, buildings, &c., until we now have a fire department, which, for character and efficiency is second to that of no town in the Commonwealth. There are now four companies, ■ — three in the central village, and one at the Eocks' Village, — each supplied with excellent machines, and commodious buildings for their exclusive accommodation. Besides these, we have a •"Hook and Ladder Company," (organized in 1860) well supplied with appropriate carriages and materials, and the occupants of a fine building, erected for their special use, on Fleet Street. At the annual meeting in 1852, the town voted to place the highways of the town under the general superintendence of one person, who was to be appointed by the selectmen. This plan proved to be decidedly unpop- ular, and after one year's trial it was abandoned. In 1853, the town appropriated $300 toward the expenses of celebrating the Fourth of July. This, we believe, is the only instance in which such an appropriatipn has been made by the town ; the usual course having been to raise money for the purpose by private subscription. The same year, the streets of the village were for the first time lighted by gas — a gas company having been previously organized in the town, and in successful operation.'-'' At the annual town meeting in 1854, the following preamble and reso- lutions, oflFered by Hon. J. H. Duncan, were adopted : — " The Inhabitants of the Town of Haverhill, in annual Town Meeting assembled, having seen with mingled emotions of surprise, indignation, and grief, that a provision has been introduced into the bill creating the Nebraska Territory, designed to repeal that section of the Act, known as the • Missouri Compromise,' by which slavery was forever prohibited in all that part of the territory acquired from France, North of 36° 30', ex- cept that contained in the limits of the State of Missouri, and that the same has passed one House of Congress ; do, in the exercise of their rights as Freemen, solemnly and earnestly protest against the passage of that provision ; Because, it is an uncalled for and unnecessary violation of a solemn compact, made as a condition of the admission of Missouri as a slave state, which has been held sacred for thirty-four years ; o The gas works of the company are located on the south side of Winter Street, adjoining Little River, and on the east side of the latter, . 524 HISTORY OF IIATERIIILL. Because, it is a flagrant breach of faith with the free states, by whicli the slave states, having secured their part of the compact, woixld deprive the free states of their rightful share of its benefits ; Because, it is a gross departure from the policy of the founders of the Eepublic, which was to limit and restrain, with a view to its final extinc- tion, and not to foster and extend, slavery ; -Because, the passage of this provision will destroy all faith in compacts and compromises made in Congress, on the subject of slavery, and while it justifies the friends of freedom to take all measures, not forbidden by the Constitution, to curtail and restrain slavery, and the slave power, it invites, and, without cause, provokes renewed and interminable agitation, which will threaten the permanency of the Union. Therefore Jicsolved, That the measure above referred to is not demanded by the people of the United States ; it is a violation of a compact which ought to be held sacred and inviolate ; that it tends to destroy confidence in public faith ; is fraught with alarming evils and puts at hazard the integ- rity and stability of the Union : Resolved, That a copy of this preamble and resolutions, signed by the moderator, and town clerk, be forthwith transmitted to Hon. N. P. Banks, the Eepresentative of this disti-ict, to be by him presented to Congress, and that he be requested to use his efibrts to defeat the passage of this odious and unjust provision." At the same meeting the town voted to prohibit all dogs from running at large, unless collared and muzzled, and the inspector of police was instructed to kill all not so provided. The act of the Legislature, estab- lishing a Police Court in the town, was formally accepted at the same time. In 1855, the subject of a town High School again came up for consid- eration, and a committee was chosen to make arrangements for that purpose. The result was, that the Academy building, which had been used by District Xo. 1, for that purpose, was hired by the town, and a town High School regularly established.'--' During the summer of 1856, the Winter Street School building was erected, at a cost of nearly % 1 8,000. It is a substantial, well-proportioned^ and convenient structure of faced brick, two stories in height, about eighty- five feet in length, and sixty feet in width. It contains a spacious hall — occupying one-half of the second story, where the several divisions assemble for devotional and general exercises — six rooms, occupied by two primary, o The academy building was purchased by the diatrict in 1814 for $3,000. HISTORY OF HAVERHILL. 525 two intermediate, and two grammar departments, (with seats for three hundred and eighteen i:)upils,) and each fitted, within the school-room, and under the eye of the teacher, with closets for the clothing of the children, (an excellent arrangement, yet it is believed the only one of the kind in the State,) — and is every way well adapted to the pui-poses for which it was intended. The school was organized in August, 1856, from the material of the Centre and Winter Street Grammar Schools, and placed under the charge of its present excellent teacher, Mr. E. H. Hammond, a native of this town, then principal of the Centre Grrammar School," with at first only three assistants ; but the wants of that portion of the district made it necessary, during the second and third terms, to occupy all the rooms. The dedicatory services were impressive and interesting. The address at the dedication was given by the Secretary of the Board of Education, Ex-Governor Geo. S. Boutwell. This school, though not furnished with " o//the modern improvements," is well provided with suitable and serviceable apparatus for thorough and successful instruction. By the efforts of the principal and his assistants, aided by the noble and generous cooperation of the parents and friends of the school, it has been furnished with a very superior toned i^iano, and one of Copley's large sized sixteen inch globes; and also, by vote of the district, the present season, (1861) with a splendid set of Pelton's outline maps. The school is organized upon the same general jdan as that of School Street, with a principal and five female assistants, each occupying a different room, and conducting their classes over certain consecutive steps in their education, under the general supervision of the principal. The fourth of July, 1856, was celebrated in this town by a procession — composed of th^ military and fire companies, Masonic and other so- cieties — an oration, by Hon. Charles W. Upham, of Salem, in the Centre Church, a dinner, and fire-works in the evening. The same year. Locust, Grand, Orchard, Walnut, and Vine streets were formally accepted by the town, and Kent street widened and stiaightened.f The year following, (1857) Jew street felt the magic touch of the widen- ing and straightening process ; and. all the school districts (fourteen in number) were re-bounded. But local improvements did not by any means stop with merely straightening streets. The town voted that in future o The old Centre school-house is now occupied for a primary school. t Chestnut street was accepted in 1853, at which time White street was widened and straightened. The nest year (185i) High street was widened and straightened. In 1855, Little River bridge was rebuilt, and Washington square thereby greatly enlarged and improved. 526 HISTORY OF HAVERHILL. the Town Hall shall not be leased on Saturday evenings " for theatrical or Negro concert purposes." The salaries of the town officers for 1858, were as follows: Moderator,, ten dollars ; town clerk, fees ; treasurer, one hundred dollars ; collector of taxes, three hundred and fifty dollars ; selectmen, three hundred and fifty dollars ; assessors, three hundred and twenty-five dollars ; overseers of poor, one hundred and seventy-five dollars ; general school committee, two hundred and seventy-five dollars ; inspector of police, fifty dollars ; audi- tors, twenty-five dollars ; pound keeper, ten dollars. Tor the information of those who come after us, we should, perhaps, add, that the same person now usually fills the several offices of town clerk, treasurer, and collector of taxes. The sum^ paid to the several boards of officers is usually apportioned among the individual members of each, by the respective boards, in proportion to the labor individually performed. The same year, Merrimack street was paved, from Main street to Washington square ; and the year following. Water street was paved, as far as Green street. One year later (1S60) the paving of Water street was continued as far east as School street. In 1859, the town appropriated one hundred dollars for the purpose of setting out shade trees in the town. The sum was divided among the several highway districts. So rapid was the growth of the town in population in the ten years preceding the date of which we write, that continual complaint was made that it had already outgrown its town house. The subject continued to agitate the public mind of the town, until, in 1859, it culminated in a proposition to build a new one. A committee was thereupon chosen to consider the subject, obtain estimates, plans, &c., and report. The com- mittee consisted of James H. Duncan, Kobert G. Walker, A. A. Sargent, Moses D. George, Orenzo T. Emerson, James F. Gile, Elbridge W. Chase. At the next annual meeting, the committee reported a recommendation that the town purchase the Wingate estate, (next north of the town house) with a view to the erection of a larger building upon the old site at some future time. The recommendation was adopted, the estate purchased, and the committee were instructed to report a plan and estimates for a new building. January 7, 1861, the committee reported a plan, which was adopted, and measures were at once taken for the erection of a new build- ing.- ° The plan adopted was drawn by John Stevens, architect, of Boston. The contract for the erection of the building was awarded to Messrs. Carleton & Sargent, of this town. HISTORY OF HAVERHILL. 527 At the time of writing (July 1, 1861) the old building has been levelled, and the foundation of the new structure nearly completed. The following extract from the committee's report will give an idea of the general plan of the new town house :. — " The plan approved is for a building of brick, faced on the front and ends — ornamented with freestone, (or perhaps with iron, if found much cheaper) one hundred and fifteen feet in length, and sixty-seven and a half feet wide, with a tower on the front, south of the main entrance, eighteen by eighteen feet square, for the clock, bell, and dressing rooms, connected with the stage ; and a smaller tower north of the main entrance, fourteen and one-half feet square, with a staircase to the stage, clock, and also to the attic of the building. The principal entrance will be through a vestibule on the front between the towers, and there will be also an en- trance at the north end into the main_^ corridor. The basement may be entered on a level from Court street, will be ten feet high, and will afford ample accommodations for market stalls and a large grocery store. • The first or principal floor will be divided into rooms thirteen feet high, on each side of the entry or corridor, which is twelve feet in width, for the various town or city officers, police court room, town agency, &c., or it may be thought expedient for a time to omit some partitions, and thus leave a hall on this floor, for exhibitions not requiring the large hall above. It is proposed to light all parts of the building with gas, to warm it by furnaces in the basement, and to convey water where it may be needed. Tire-proof safes to be constructed for the safe keeping of the town records and papers. The hall is designed to be twenty-eight feet high, to be entered by staircases at each end, thus affording very convenient entrance and egress. Kooms are designed at each end of the hall, and galleries over them. It is proposed to have the stage or platform on the front side of the hall, chiefly occupying the space over the vestibule, between the towers, and projecting about five feet into the hall, thus bringing the entire audience nearer a speaker, who can be seen from any part of the floor and galleries. The hall is estimated to seat nine hundred and fifty persons on the floor, and four hundred and fifty in the galleries ; in all, fourteen hundred persons. It is proposed to use the spacious attic for an armory, should it be ' wanted for that purpose, and it will afford a room seventy-five by thirty feet, may be well lighted, and easily accessible by the staircase in the small tower, and sound may be prevented by back-plastering between the 528 HISTORY OF riATERIIILL. floors. In the judgment of the committee, it is desirable to provide all accommodations which will give an income to the town. It is proposed to cover the roof and towers with slate, and tin, where slate cannot be used ; to have copper gutters, and to protect the north coving with a covering of iron. Your committee consider the design and arrangement of the building, which, in some respects, are novel, as highly convenient, and superior to any similar building within their knowledge. The estimated cost of the building, according to the designs, providing for ornamenting all the exterior with New Jersey freestone, for preparing the foundations, cementing the bottom of the basement, and for completely ventilating the building, as carefully cast by practical men, is forty thousand one hundred and twenty-five dollars ; but, to provide for contin- gencies, is placed at forty-two thousand dollars." Among the note-worthy incidents of the year ISoQ, should be mentioned the improvement of the beautiful point of land at the Great Pond, known for many years as the "Fish House Lot," and the formal re-naming of that beautiful sheet of water. Many yeai's ago, a number of the citizens of Haverhill united in pur- chasing of the proprietor, a perpetual right for the citizens of the town to use the pleasant point of land near the north-eastern extremity of Great Pond, as a place of summer resort for parties of pleasure. A convenient wooden building was erected on the land, and the place became known as the " Fish House Lot," and was a popular place of resort for many years. But, in course of time, the building fell into decay, and at last was destroyed by incendiarism, and the grounds were neglected, and but little used for the original purpose. The acknowledged want of a suitable place of resort for picnics and chowder parties, and the convenience of location, natural beauty, and, above all, the memories of " auld lang syne " that clustered around the " Fish House Lot," again directed attention to it as the place most desirable for the purpose ; and in the summer of 1858, a few persons called a meeting, upon the grounds, of all interested in the subject. Above one hundred persons were present. Elbridge G. Eaton, Esq., was chosen chairman, and George H. Hoyt, secretary ; and after remarks by several gentlemen, Eufus Slocomb, Esq., who had become proprietor of the grounds, subject to the privileges before mentioned, proposed to make over his interest to the citizens of Haverhill and Bradford, for the nominal sum of one hundred dollars, on condition that it should be forever kept as a place of free resort to the citizens of these towns for social festivities. HISTORY OF HAVERHILL. 529 By a tinanimous vote, the liberal offer was accepted, and a committee was chosen to solicit subscriptions, purchase and put the grounds in order, make such improvements as they should deem advisable, and report at a general meeting to be called by them in one year. On motion of Gr. W. Chase, it was voted that the land should be purchased by subscriptions not exceeding one dollar each, and a subscription pajjer for that purpose was opened on the spot. On the 31st day of August, 1859, the committee called a meeting at the grounds of all interested in the matter, which was. attended by about two hundred persons. The Chairman, James H. Carleton, Esq., reported that the land had been purchased, about two hundred and fifty trees set out, a substantial fence erected, the grounds graded, and a convenient stone building (twenty by forty feet) erected, at a total expense of about eight hundred and fifty dollars, of which they had received nearly seven hundred dollars in individual subscriptions. The committee also reported a plan of organization for the preservation and improvement of the grounds. The report was accepted, and a body immediately organized under the name of " The Kenoza Lake Club," and its officers elected. The organization of the Club was followed by an old fashioned fish chowder, with the usual festive accompaniments. =■= » The following beautiful poem, by John Gr. Whittier, to whom had been entrusted the honor of select- ing a new name for the pond, was read upon the occasion : KENOZA. As Adam did in Paradise, To-day the primal right we claim ; Pair mirror of the woods and skies, We give to thee a name ! Lake of the Pickerel ! Let no more The echoes answer back " Great Pond," But, sweet Kenoza, from thy shore And watching hills beyond; And, Indi.an ghosts, if such there be. Who ply unseen, their shadowy lines, Call back the dear old name to thee As with the voice of pines. The paths we trod when careless boys, With manhood's shodden feet we trace; To friendship, love and social joys We consecrate the place. 67 Here shall the tender song be sung, And Memory's dirges soft and low, And wit shall sparkle on the tongue. And Mirth shall overflow. Harmless as summer-lightning plays From a low, hidden cloud by night— A light to set the hills ablaze, But not a bolt to smite. Kenoza ! O'er no sweeter lake Shall morning break, or noon-cloud sail, No lighter wave than thine shall take The sunset's golden veil ! And, Beauty's priestess, thou shalt teach The truth, so dimly understood, That He who mad e thee fair, for each And all designeth good ! 530 HISTOKT OF HAVERHILL. A few days subsequently, the grounds were dedicated, and the beautiful body of water formally christened as '' Kenoza Lake,'' with appropriate cercmonies.f Early in the year 1860, the shoemakers of Lynn, Haverhill, and other shoe-manufacturing towns, engaged in a movement the object of which was to free themselves from real or fancied oppression, on the part of the manufacturers, by establishing and maintaining a more remunerative list of prices for the various kinds and qualities of work. The movement commenced with private and public discussions, and was soon followed by a regularly organized " strike " in the principal shoe-manufacturing towns in the State. In this town, upwards of six hundred shoemakers bound themselves not to work, except at prices fixed upon by a committee of their own selection. Side by side in the movement were to be seen those who for years (and when they joined in the strike) received prices which easily gave them from two dollars to four dollars for six to ten hours' labor, and those whose unskilled hands could scarce secure them the above sums per week. Many of the first class engaged in the movement through mere love of excitement, and ambition to lead, while the latter were de- luded with the idea that they were ill-paid for their skill and labor, that they were the victims of a sort of petty despotism, and that "plenty of work and good pay " were sure to follow if they but rose in their might and demanded that "capital should no longer control labor." As might have been anticipated, the whole movement was a failure, and after a few weeks of excitement, idleness, and no little dissipation, the bubble burst, the strike was abandoned, and business soon resumed its wonted channels! It cannot be doubted that most of those who joined in the movement returned to their labor wiser if not better men. t The festivities closed with the following soDg, written fur the occasion, by Geo. W. Chase: — From north and south, from east and west We've come with willing feet; And hire again with hearty zest, Our dear old friends we greet. Chorus — Our dear old friends we greet, my A-icnd8,Ao. Old friends, old friends, we meet again, Where oft we met of ym e ; Again to b;!ghtcn friendship's chain By sweet Kenoza's shore. Chorus — By sweet Kenoza's shore, my friends, By sweet Kenoza's shore ; Again to brijirhten fi-iendship's chain By sweet lv.enoza'!> shore. Onr early friendships here wc O'vra, Though wide our lots are cast; Long yens have not our love outgrown; We'll ne'er forget the past. j Aq^ y^^j. ^y year, till life shall cease, It never shall be said with truth. That now our hearts are cold ; The love that warmed them in our youth. Shall warm them still when old. [tJts ; Methodist Episcopal, AVinter street, near Main Street ; and the North Church, (Orthodox Congregational) corner of Main and AVhitc Streets. The following religious societies hold regular services, but arc not provided with church edifices : — The Randall Free Will Saptist, meeting in Randall Hall, on Duston Street; the Second Advent, meeting in Athcnjxjum Hall, (Duncan's Building) ; and the Tldrd Baptist, worship- ping in Music Hall, AVinter Street, near Spring Street. The whole number of church edifices in the town at the present time, is sixteen, viz. : eleven in the First Parish, two in the East Parish, (one at the Ptocks' Alllagc) ; and three in the AVcst Parish, (one at Ayer's A'^illage) . This does not include the Plaistow, or North Parish church, which is situated a few rods north of the State line. The following table, showing the date of erection of the principal blocks of stores in the central village, is not without interest, as illustrating the recent rapid growth of the village : — How & Carleton, (Main Street) 1794 Tilton Block (cor. Fleet St.) 1852 AVillis Block, (Water Street) 1811 Duncan & Carlcton,=:;' 1852 Merrimack Bank, 1814 l']xchange Building, 1854 Bannister Block, 1815 Marsh Block, 1854 AVhite's Corner Block, 1808 Essex Block, • 1 85 G and 1859 AVoodmau's Building, 1824 Franklin Block, 1856 Bank Building, (Alain Street) 1831 Masonic Hall, 1856 Haseltine's Building, (AVater Last Factory, (Fleet Street) 1857 Street) 1836 Chase's Block, 1857 Granite llange, 1836 Til ton's Block, 1857 Kittrcdge Block, 1840 Hat Factory, (Fleet Street) 1857 Currier's Block, 1849 AA^hittier Block, 1858 o This was one of the very first full iron front buildings erected in the State. fiiSTORY OF HAVERHlLli. 54:5 Osgood's Block, 1821 and 1833 Haverhill Bank Building, 1859 Kimball's Building, 1850 Brickett Building, 18G0 Hunkings & Duty, 1851 Mackiue Shop, 18G0 Manufacturers Eow, 1850 and 1852 Lebosquet Block, 1861 Passing out of the central village, we find comparatively few changes calling for special notice. Near the junction of the Salem, N. H., and Derry roads, (a short distance west of the summit of Pecker's Hill) a large number of house lots have been laid out, about a dozen houses erected, and the locality christened " Mount Pleasant." Three and a half miles further west, we come to " Ayer's Village," the most busy and thriving locality, outside of the principal village, in the town. The village proper (a part of which lies in the town of Methucn) contains about thirty dwelling houses, nine shoe manufactories, three hat manufactories, a new and commodious school-house, and a new and well-finished church. The part of the village included in Haverhill, contains about sixty legal voters. The principal shoe manufacturers in the place, are Phineas Haynes and Amos Hazeltine, who commenced the business in the winter oft 1852— 3i They give employment to about seventy-five persons each. In October, 1855, Mr. Haseltine opened the first store in the place. A second store was opened in 1857, by Monroe Ayer, who also erected a fine hall over his store for public meetings, &c. A pleasant, as well as somewhat re- markable fact connected with this thriving village, is found in the close relationship of its inhabitants. We believe that not only is every busi- ness man in the place a native of the immediate vicinity, but they are all more or less intimately connected by the ties of consanguinity. Long may they live together, as now, a " band of brothers." The North and East Parishes show but few external changes within the past quarter of a century, beyond the occasional erection of new dwelling houses, and the removal of old ones." It is only when we enter the dwellings and enquire for those who dwelt there but a score of years agone, that we feel the full force of time's great but silent changes. Not one in ten of the familiar faces of twenty years ago, will be found " We should, perhaps, make special mention of the enlargement of the old burial-f:round near tho Rocks, — its re-naming, as Greenwood Cemetery, — and the erection of a neat iron fence in front of the same, in 1850. These improvements were mostly made by the ladies of the vicinity. In 1850, a large and handsome two-story wooden building was erected about midway between tho Second Baptist Church and the village, for school purposes. The cost of the building was about $2,000. 69 646 HISTORY OF HAVEUUILL. to-day ; not one in ten of the fair fields now yield their increase to the same hands that tilled them then. And so it will he, kind reader, with each returning score of years ; while you and I can claim no exemption from the ceaseless change. A few more suns, — how few, 'tis not for us to know, — and we shall moulder in our parent dust. Happy will it he for each of us, if, when the summons calls us hence, we can say of the great work of life — "IT IS FINISHED." HISTORY OF HAVERHILL. 547 CHAPTEK XXIX. ECCLESIASTICAL HISTORY. Previous to the erection of the northern part of the town into a sepa- rate precinct, or parish, in 1728, the whole town was virtually one parish, and matters that are now left entirely with each parish, or religious society, were then considered and disposed of in the toion meetings, and the record of such action then became a part of the Town Records. Having incor- porated the vital parts of these records into the preceding chapters of our history, we shall endeavor, in considering the Ecclesiastical history of the town, to avoid a repetition, as far as is consistent with the accomplishment of our present object. The earliest records of the church still preserved, is "A list of ye names of Persons, adults and infants, Baptized in Haverhill Church By Benjan Eolfe Pastor; " and is in the handwriting of Mr. Eolfe. It ap- pears to have been originally a book made by simply stitching together a quire of foolscap paper, and was afterward, with others, bound into one volume. The first entry in the book, is the baptism of " Hannah, ye daughter of AVilliam & Sarah Whittaker," September 24, 1693. Then follows the names of three hundred and two others, closing with the bap- tism of Elizabeth, daughter of Piev. =" August 22d, 1708, — just one week before Mr, Eolfe's violent death by the savages. There are no other records of the church, during or previous to this time, now pre- served. Mr. Eolfe's successor (Eev. Joshua Gardner) commences his record with the following entry: — "Anno Dom : 1711. A list of ye names of persons admitted to partake of the sacrament of ye Lord's Sup- per wth the church of Christ in Haverhill. Since the Eevd Mr Benjan Eolf 's Death : (It was ye 8th of April In ye above mentioned year before any were admitted : ye Chh yn having been not long resettled.) " On the page immediately preceding the above, is the following interest- ing statement, in the handwriting of Eev. Mr. Brown, (Mr. Gardner's successor) : — " The account of Such as were admitted to the Lord's Table in Haver- hil, before ye Eevd Mr. Gardner's Ministry, sic, under the first minister ° Name illcgiWe. 548 HiSTony or iiAVEniiiLL. ye Eeverd Mr Ward ; & after him the Eevd Mr Rolf ; being cither never set down, or else the account lost; Such of them as were alive in ye Town, April 1723 ; were desired to give in their names to ye Pastor then being, which are as followeth " " Deacon John White, & Lydia, his Widow Hanah Sanders (fro New- wife bury) Deacon John Hassaltine & - his Mary Webster wife of Stephen wife Mary Cop ye wife of Aaron Cop Daniel Lad & Lydia his wife Hanah Heath wife of Joseph AYidow Hannah Aycr, (aged 8-1) Martha Heath wife old Josiah AVilliam Whittaker (Newb.) AVidow Euth Ayer (old) Hanah' Eoberds wife of Ephrm Huldah AVhittaker wife of Abrr (Topsfield) AVidow Joanna Dow (old) AVidow Sarah Page AVidow Hanah Dalton Mehetable Clemen, wife of Job AVidow Mary Boynton Samuel Ayer & Elizabeth his wife Ephraim Gile & Martha his wife Hanah Jonson wife of Joseph Eichard Hazzen & Alary his wife Elizabeth Jonson wife of Thomas James Pecker & Ann his wife Anthony Colby, (Eowley) AVidow Euth Gile Mary Brown AVidow Sarah Davis Sarah Emcison wife of Benjamin AVidow Alary Ayer Hanah Eastman wife of Jonathan Nathaniel Alerril & Sarah his wife Alartha Emerson wife of Joseph Deacon John Alash Benjamin Stanly (of Boxford) " From the death of Eev. Air. Eolfe, in 1703, to April 8th, 1711, there were no admissions to the church. During Air. Gardner's ministry, forty- eight were admitted ; upward of one hundred and fifty baptized ; and seventeen owned the covenant. Air. Gardner died Alarch 21, 1715. He is mentioned as eminently distinguished for piety in very early life. At the age of thirteen, he became a hopeful subject of divine grace, and soon after began to prepare himself to preach the gospel. He entered college at sixteen, and graduated at twenty ; endearing himself to all who knew him by his correct habits and amiable deportment, and distinguishing him- self as a scholar and a christian. He commenced preaching at twenty-one, was ordained at twenty-three, and died at the early age of twenty-eight years. After the death of Air. Gardner, the church and society seem to have had considerable difficulty in their choice of a new candidate, and it was HISTORY OF HAVERHILL. 549 upward of four years before another pastor was settled. During this time, there were thirty admissions to the church. The only record of a regular church meeting held during this period, which is now preserved, is dated May 10, 1717, * when the thanks of the church were voted to Eev. Josci>h Parsons for his " labors with us hitherto in the work of ye ministry; " and he was unanimously "made choice of to be their settled minister." The deacons at this time were John White and John Haseltine.f Eev. John Brown was ordained May 13, 1719, and continued with his charge until his death, in 1742. During his ministry, four hundred and thirty-eight persons were admitted to the church, (thirty-two by dismission from other churches) ; fifty-eight adults, and one thousand and seventy-six children were baptized ; and three hundred and sixteen owned the covenant. That Mr. Brown was faithful in the discharge of his ministerial -duties, the remarkable success attending his labors sufficiently testifies. Soon after his settlement, an extensive religious revival commenced among his flock, resulting in sixty-five hopeful conversions. Large accessions to the church were frequently witnessed during his ministry. In November, 1727, fifty-four persons were admitted, and in the following month fifty- six; making the large number of one hundred and ten, in two short months. In October, 1729, twenty-five members of the church, residents in that part of Methuen now Salem, N. H., were dismissed, for the purpose of joining in the formation of a church at that place. And in November, 1730, a similar request was made by forty-six members, " for the purpose of uniting in a church state in the North Precinct," •; — which was granted. This brings us to the first division of the town into Precincts or Par- ishes, each of which will now be noticed, in chronological order. The subsequent divisions of the parishes into several religious societies, will be noticed in the same order. ° This is, in fact, the earliest record we find preserved of any church meeting in the town ; — unless we consider the mere entry of names and dates of admissions to the church as records of such meetings. After this, we find no similar record, until January 11th, 1720-21, from which latter date we have a reg- ular entry of the proceedings at the church meetings. t In January, 1720-21, the above named desired to he dismissed from service as deacons; the former pleading as excuse, " his I'usiness in the affairs of State," and the latter, "his age and infirmities." John Mash and James Ayer were chosen in their stead. In February, 1727-8, Wm. White and Daniel Little were chosen, and in January, 1737-8, Nicholas White and David Marsh were chosen to the same office. 550 niSTOET OF HAVERniLL. TuE First Parish, By the erection of the northerly part of the town into a separate par- ish, in 1728, the rest of the town became, as a matter of course, also a distinct parish. From this time forward, strictly parish business was transferred from the town to the parish meeting. The two precincts were designated as the " North Parish," and the " South," or " Old" Parish. Still later, the last named was called the " First " Parish, by which name the legal successor of the first church and society in the town is still known. The first regular parish meeting of the latter, was held November 24th, 1729, by virtue of a warrant from Eichard Saltonstall, Justice. Captain Joshua Bayley was chosen moderator, and John Eaton, Clerk. From this time, parish meetings were held regularly. In March, 1730-1, the parish voted to "give to ye Eevd Mr Brown ye timber of the forte yt is about his house, to dispense of it as he pleaseth." This is the last notice we find of the old fort, or any other means of defence against the Indians. In November, 1731, petitions were received from persons in the easterly part of the town, and from others in the westerly part, praying " that there might be some money raised by ye parish yt they might hire a min- ister to preach to ym in yc winter seson, wn bad Traviling," — but the requests were refused. In 1732, the parish enlarged the burying place, by purchasing half-an- acre of land adjoining it. The health of Mr. Brown, which had been gradually failing for some time, had become so poor, that, in December, 1733, the parish voted to hire another minister " to assist Mr, Brown for three months this winter." The easterly and westerly parts of the town seem to have improved the above opportunity to again press their own claims, as we find that at the first meeting called to see about an assistant for Mr. Brown, " consid- erable discourse," and " some hard words," passed, but no vote was taken; while at the next meeting, the vote to hire such an assistant was immedi- ately followed by votes to procure, and raise money to pay, ministers for each of the above named sections, for the winter following. The success of the two wings of the parish, in securing a minister in each, was undoubtedly gratifying to them, and prepared them for request- ing still larger favors. We are not, therefore, surprised to find, that, in the following February, propositions were made to divide the Old Parish into three distinct parishes, and to build tv/o new meeting-houses ; one near HISTORY OF HAVJERniLL. 55 1 the house of Nathaniel Merrill, Jr., and the other near that of Eichard Hazzen. It was also proposed to set off to Amesbury "West Parish, those living near the Amesbury line, and to the North Parish, those who could most conveniently attend worship at that parish. All these propositions were negatived. Four weeks later, a vote was passed to set off those living east of a line from Elisha Davis' to the "pond bridge," and so on by the brook to the North Parish Line, into a new parish. The vote was, however, dissented to by twenty-two persons living within the bounds of the proposed new parish. =•■' Then, after " gTeat Debat,"*and " some hard words," a commit- tee was chosen to set off a parish " at the west end of the old or south parish." The bounds of the latter were not settled until some time after- ward, — being several years in dispute. We have already mentioned, that Eev. Mr. Brown was a person of weak physical constitution. Even as early as 1720, he was for several months unable to preach, and the town provided a substitute. In 1733, he was in a "weak state of health," and from this time until 1742, his parish were yearly obliged to provide for the supply of the pulpit for weeks, and sometimes for months at a time. Consumption at last triumphed, and, on the 2nd of December, 1742, this faithful pastor fell asleep in the arms of his mother earth. After his death, the parish voted to raise one hundred pounds, old tenor, to defray the expenses of his funeral, which was to be delivered to " Madam Brown, to be used at her discretion." Soon after the death of Mr. Brown, an invitation to settle was extended to the Pvev. Edward Barnard, which was accepted, and he was ordained on the IGth of April following.f The salary of Mr. Barnard, was fixed at one hundred ounces of silver, or its equivalent, annually, together with the use of all the parsonaga land and buildings, except one lot near the river; and also " a reasonable sup- port & maintainance when by ye providence of God he shall be disabled from ye work of ye ministry, so long as he remains our minister." The first church bell in the town, was purchased by this parish, in . 1748. It was imported from London expressly for them, and, judging from the records, its purchase and proper " Hanging" must have been a prolific theme for town talk. It was finally " voted to Hang the Bell on the top of the Meeting house, and Build a proper place for that purpose ; " '' Although the easterly part of the Old Parish was, by the above vote, set off, it was not legally in- corporated into a separate parish until 1743. For a further account of its incorporation, see chapter xx. t " April 16, 1743. Great Snow Storm, eleven inches on a level. Eev. Barnard Ordained." — Dr. Baylcy''s Journal. 552 flISTORY OF IIAVEIlHILt. and " to Raise one Hundred pounds old tenor towards defraying tiie Charges of building the Steple, and Hanging the Bell." The belfry was built on the ridge of the meeting-house, and the bell-rope descended to the broad aisle. It was voted " to King the Bell at one of the clock every day and at nine every night and on Sabbaths and Lectures." The first bell-man, was Samuel Knowlton.^' The old meeting-house having become too small for the parish, the sub- ject of a new one began to be agitated in 1761. The house was, withal, so much decayed, that the bell could not be rung with safety, and it was therefore taken down, and hung on two pieces of timber placed crosswise at the top, on the hill, near the parsonage house. It was not fully decided to build a new house until 1705. Tor this purpose an appropriation of three hundred pounds was voted, to be paid in lumber. The dimensions of the new house were ordered not to exceed sixty-six feet in length, and forty-eight feet in breadth. It was erected, and mostly finished, in 1766- The Avhole of the gTound floor (excepting the aisles) was occupied by pews, which were built by the parish, appraised by a committee, and sold at auction. The " men's seats," and the "women's seats," were therefore, from this time forward, confined to the galleries. The house was located on the common, about midway between Main and Winter Streets, a little north of the foot of Pleasant Street, with the prin- cipal end to the northeast — or directly across the common. It remained standing until 1837, when it was taken down. It was set, when built, " at the northerly side of the old meeting-house, as near to it as may be convenient." It was surmounted with a steeple, at the easterly end. Though but three hundred pounds were appropriated for building it, yet we find, from a petition of Isaac Osgood, and others, to the General Court, in Tebruary, 1768, that more than one thousand were expended on it.f In 1764, the parish voted " that the version of Psalms by Tate & Brady with the largest impression of Dr Watts Hymns be sung in public in this parish. "J The first intimation we find in the parish records, of Baptists in town, is under the date of January, 17Go, when a warrant was issued by John Brown, a justice of the peace, for a parish meeting, " to see if the parish o After him, John Whitin,ev. Mr. Barnard, deceased, the people of Mr. B's parish requested a copy of his sermon for the press ; an,d a number of gentlemen therein were pleased, at the same time, to make him a present of a very handsome suit of clothes. The promoter and encourager of said affair has also presented him with a new wig." (2) (1) The custom then was, for the neighboring ministers to act as pall-bearers, when one of their num- ber died, and immediately afterward to supply the vacant pulpit one Sabbath each. The number of hearers on such occasions was usually eight. (2) The parish also generously allowed Mrs. Barnard the free use of the parsonage house, logether with a part of the land, and pasturage for a cow, until the settlement of another minister, three years afterward. 556 HISTORY OF HAVERniLL. tation, and was ordained March 12tb, 1777.=- His salary was £I0O yearly, and the use of the parsonage. In the same year, the burying ground in the parish was again enlarged, by the gift of a piece of land from Colonel Joseph Badger, In 1790, and subsequently, the parish meeting-house is designated in the parish warrants as " the CongTegational meeting-house in said parish." Many of our readers will remember that the seats in the large, square, pen-like pews of the old meeting-houses, were hung on hinges, and were usually turned up in " prayer time," to allow the occupants a chance to lean against the high railing, for support, during the long prayers. And they will also remember the artillery-like explosions which always followed their turning down at the close of the prayer. They will therefore appre- ciate the rebuke contained in the following vote, passed in 1791 : " Voted that Coll James Brickett, Deacon Joseph Dodge, and Doct Saltonstall be a Committee to speak to the Eevd Mr Shaw that he would speak at some Conveuent Season unto the Peopel that they would Let their Seats Down without Such Nois." In the same year, " a pew for the women to sing " was built in the gal- lery of the meeting-house ; and it was voted " that the Company of Singers, should choose such Persons among them Selves to Lead in the Musick and Ecgulate the same as they shall think proper." After a ministry of almost eighteen years, Eev. Mr. Shaw died, very suddenly, September 29, 1794, aged forty-eight. The day before his death, he preached as usual, and was apparently in good health. The next morning he was a corpse. f Mv. Shaw was a. son of the Eev. John Shaw, of Bridgewatcr. He grad- uated at Harvard College, in 1772. His widow married Eev. Stephen Peabody, of Atkinson. She was the sister of the wife of John Adams„ and greatly respected for her piety and domestic virtues. Mr. Shaw is described in his epitaph, as " A bjjght example of benevolence, meekness, patience and charity ; an able advocate of the religion he professed, and a faithful servant of the Grod ho worshipped." In his system of religious faith, Mr. Shaw was Calvinistic ; in his preaching, evangelical ; in . temper, mild and forgiving ; and hospitable * Mirick says, that the reason why another minister was not settled sooner, was on account of the "great Uisscnsions," and "the strong; excitement which existed " in the parish; but we have been unable to find evidence of either in the records. During this interim, but four preached as candidates, two of whom received invitations to settle, and a third was desired to preach longer. t The parish subsequently erected suitable monumental stones to his memory. Mr. Shaw had one son, William Smith Shaw, who died unmarried, in Boston; and one daughter, Abigail, who married Rev. Joseph B. Felt, of IlamiltiJii — now of Boston. HISTORY OP HAVERHILL. 557 and Ibenevolent to all with whom be had intercourse. As a man, a chris- tian, and a minister, he possessed the entire confidence of his church and society. During his ministry, he baptized one hundred and sixty-three children ;'■■' married one hundred and seven couples ; fifteen persons owned the covenant, and fifteen were admitted to the church. After Mr. Shaw's death, the society were destitute of a regular minis- try about ten months, when the church and parish, unanimously, invited the Eev. Abiel Abbot to settle with them. The invitation was accepted, and Mr. Abbot was ordained June 3d, 1795, His salary w«s £110 per annum, with the use of the parsonage house and lands. Eev. Abiel Abbot, D.D., was born in Andover, Mass., August 17, 1770, and was a son of Captain John Abbot, of that town. His preparatory studies were pursued at Phillips Academy, under the direction of the cele- brated Dr. Pemberton, during which time he occupied the front rank in his class. He entered Harvard University in 1788, and passing through his collegiate course with high reputation as a scholar, was graduated in 1792 with distinguished honors. The subsequent year he spent as assist- ant to his brother in Exeter Academy ; and the greater part of the year following, as principal of the Academy at Andover. During this time, he pursued his theological studies with Eev. Jonathan French. In 1794, he commenced preaching at Haverhill, and having accepted a unanimous call, was ordained pastor of the First Congregational Church in this town, June 3d, 1795. His ministry here was harmonious and successful, and when, in 1803, he felt it his duty to ask a dismission, he received from the church and society the most ample testimonials of unabated love and respect. The cause which induced Mr. Abbot to ask for a dismission, was the inadequateness of his salary. He requested the parish to make an addi- tion of $200 per annum. As the parish did not feel able to grant his request, and he was led to believe that such a course was his duty, he ap- plied for and received an honorable dismission. Application for his services was soon after made by the first parish, in Beverly, where he was installed December 14, 1803. Here he ministered with success, and with little interruption, until 1818, when failing health, and the advice of physicians, induced him to spend a few months in a Southern State. He returned, in 1819, with health improved, and contin- ued his professional labors with diligence until 1827, when he. again sought a milder climate, and passed the winter in Cuba. In the following May, * Between the death of Mr. Barnard and the settlement of Mr. Shaw, twenty chiUlren were baptized. 558 HISTORY OP niVERHILL. with higli hopes of restored health, he embarked for Charleston, S. C. He arrived on Saturday, preached on the following Sabbath, and the next day embarked for New York, On Tuesday he was taken ill, and as the yesscl was coming to anchor at Staten Island, on the following Saturday, he breathed his last, and was interred at that place. Thus, in the 24th year of his ministry, and the 57th year of his age, was taken to his rest an elo- quent, learned, affectionate and faithful minister. Dr. Abbot was married in 179G, to Miss Eunice, eldest daughter of Ebenezer Wa'!es, Esq., of Dorchester. He left, at his death, a widow, two sons, and five daughters. In the commencement of his ministry, Mr, Abbot entertained a belief in the Trinity, but on this subject his views altered, and the fundamental principles of Unitarian belief became the objects of his decided conviction. During his ministry forty-nine were admitted into the church, and one hundred and twenty received baptism. The dissolution of Mr. Abbot's connexion with the parish, was followed by five years and six months, in which the church and society were desti- tute of a regular pastor. Finally, in October, 1808, Kev, Joshua Dodge received an invitation to the pastoral office, which he accepted, and he was ordained the 21st of the December following, Mr, Dodge's salary was $500 per annum, and the use of the parsonage, and if he should " be rendered unable to supply the Desk," he was still to have the use of the parsonage, and $200 per annum, so long as he con- tinued minister of the parish. In 1809, the parish petitioned the General Court for permission to sell a part of the parsonage land "on the principal street," for house-lots, on condition that the proceeds should " be kept forever as a Fund, the inter- est or income of which shall be appropriated, exclusively, for the support of the minister, or his successors in said parish ; & be managed by Trustees," The request was granted, and seventeen hundred dollars' worth of lots were sold immediately.-' In the winter of 1812-13, astove was " erected in the meeting house," by private subscription. It was placed in the pew of Mr. John Dow. For some reason, the stove did not answer expectations, and, in 1815, it was " disposed of," Artificial heat was not again resorted to until 1821, when two " elegant stoves " were presented to the parish, by Moses B. Moody, Esq. « In 1820, the fund had increased to $3809.91. In 1827, it was $i509.91. HISTORY OF HAVERHILL. 6D9 in 1822, Mr. Moody bequeathed to tlie " First Congregational Society," the munificent sum of three thousand dollars, which was to be paid them on the decease of his mother. In 1827, the parish voted to charge the town $30 per year for the use of the meeting-house for town meetings. This appears to be the first charge of the kind ; but as the parish had already furnished the town with a place for their meetings, without any fee, for ninety-eight years, we cannot well charge them with mercenary motives in the matter. In May,- 1827, Eev. Mr. Dodge asked for a dismission from the church and society, which was granted. Eev. Joshua Dodge was born in Hamilton, Mass., September 22, 1779. He received his preparatory education at Atkinson Academy, and graduated, at Dartmouth College, in 1806. He entered upon a course of study for the ministry soon after leaving college, with Eev. Abiel Abbot, then of Beverly. Mr. Dodge baptized about one hundred and thirty during hig ministry here, and about eighty were admitted to the church. Soon after he left Haverhill, Mr. Dodge was settled in Moultonborough, N. H., as colleague with the venerable Mr. Shaw, where he remained a useful pastor for about twenty years. It is with feelings of sadness that we add, that, a few years since, un- mistakable symptoms of insanity compelled Mr. Dodge to withdraw entirely from pastoral labors and responsibilities. He died at the Insane Asylum, at Concord, N. H., in March, 1861, aged 81 years. In the November following the dismission of Mr. Dodge, a call was ex.- tended to Eev. Dudley Phelps, of Andover, which was accepted, and he was ordained on the 9th of January, 1828. His salary was fixed at $700 per annum.'' About this time, troubles broke out in the church and society, which finally led to a division and separation. As we have already seen, Eev. Mn Barnard in later life gradually receded from Trinitarianism, and his succes- sor, Eev. Mr. Abbot, was classed as a Unitarian, and it appears that a large number of the society, though not a majority, entertained similar opinions. But with such prudence and moderation had pastors and people managed the affairs of church and parish, that all had, previous to the settlement of Mr. Phelps, lived and worshipped together in comparative harmony* Mr. Phelps (who was a gi-aduate of Yale College, of the class of 182-1, and of Ando- ver Theological Seminary, in 1827) was, in respect to scholarship and ■ ■' The use of the parsonage house andland, was not included; a large part of the land having already been sold, and the proceeds funded. The house was soon after, (1831) purchased by Dr. Moses Nichols, and is stiU occupied by him. 560 HISTORY OF nAVEEHILL. talent, much above the average. In his religious opinions he was strongly orthodox, and he preached them in a very decided and uncompromising manner, lie also entered early and with zeal into the temperance and anti'slavery movements, and though admirably fitted for a reformer, by his firm and bold temperament, and his persevering energ3% yet these qual- ities did not so well serve to promote the work of conciliating and harmo- nizing a society holding adverse and conflicting sentiments. In private intercourse, Mr. Phelps is said to have been- eminently social, genial, and generous, and even playful and humorous ; but in the pulpit, his indepen- dence and plainness of speech often approached to bluntness, and severity. It is not, therefore, strange, that his preaching should have separated still more widely, rather than have harmonized, these conflicting elements in his church and society. In the warrant for the annual parish meeting for 1830, we find an arti- cle " to see if the Parish will vote to dismiss the Eev. Mr. Phelps from the pastoral charge of said Parish." The vote upon this article was in- definite postponement. •■■= Finding that their numbers were then insufficient to efi"ect his re- moval, the opponents of Mr. Phelps took measures to increase them. It was, at that time, the law, that every person must belong to some religious society in his town, and was liable to be taxed to support such society ; and those residents of a parish who were not duly enrolled as members of some other society, were, in the law, considered as members of the oldest, or parish society. This will explain the fact that soon after the difficulties alluded to com- menced, we first find the names of persons entered on the parigh books as having " become a member of the parish. Eighteen such are recorded in 1831. September 13, 1832, another attempt was made to "dissolve the con- nection between Eev. Mr. Phelps and the Parish," but it was defeated by a majority of thirteen votes. Two months later, (Xovember 8, 1832) the proposition was again made, and carried in the affirmative. It is an inter- esting fact connected with this sudden change of majorities, that between the last two dates, seventeen new members were added to the PaMsh — all of whom were Universalists. o It was a part of the nfjrccment between Mr. Phelps and the parish, " that at any time it should be thonght expedient, at a Legal] meeting, warned for the purpose, to dissolve the connexion between the Pastor and parish, a majority of the legal Voters present concurring, it shall be dissolved, giving hun three months notice he having the same privilidgc to ask a dismission." iriSTOKT or HAVERHILL. 661 J'mding themselves in a minority, tlie Orthodox members soon after \5^ithdrew, and united in forming the "Independent Congregational Society," -—since called tlie " Centre Congregational Society." At the next annual parish meeting, a Unitarian committee was chosen to supply the parish pulpit. Three months later, a meeting was called to see if the parish would extend a call to Eev. Andrew P. Peabody (Uni- tarian) to settle with them. This proposition was indefinitely postponed ; and an addition of four (three of them Universalists) was made to the committee for supplying the pulpit Upon this, the previous members re- signed, and the meeting dissolved. A majority of the committee were now Universalists and the pulpit was supplied accordingly. September 30th, (1833) a meeting was called to see if the parish would extend an invita- tion to settle to Rev. J. H. Bugbee (Universalist) . Upon this, a proposi- tion was madp and inserted in the same warrant, to divide the funds of the parish " equally between the several religious societies within the terri- torial limits of the First Parish ; " and thereupon sufficient aid . was ealled in to indefinitely postpone the proposition to settle Mr. Bugbee, and also 'to pass votes to divide the funds as proposed, and to choose a commit- tee to report a plan for doing it. December 2d, the committee submitted a report, recommending a peti- tion to the General Court for a repeal or amendment of the Besolve of 1809, establishing a Parish Fund, and of the Act of 1823, relating to the management of the Fund, so as to allow the parish to make the proper division. The report was accepted, a vote passed to divide the funds " among the various religious societies within the limits of said parish," and a petition presented to the General Court agreeably to the recommendation of the committee. April 2, 183-1, a parish meeting was called, " to see if the Parish will request the Eev. Joseph Whittlesey to settle with them as their minister and Pastor, for one year or more." Mr. Whittlesey was then, and had been for above seven months, settled as pastor of the " Independent Con- gregational Society." The apparent strangeness of the proposition is, however, explained by the fact that negotiations were then on foot between the Unitarians and the above society, to join interests, outvote the Univer- salists, who had now become a majority in the parish, and divide the parish funds equally between themselves. Before the arrangements were fully perfected, the Universalists offered the Unitarians their aid toward reinstating the latter in possession of the parish, and parish funds, upon more favorable terms than were about being agreed upon by the parties first named. The latter offer was accepted. The former petition to 71 562 HISTORY OF HAtERniLL. the legislature "vras tLercupon withdrawn ; Eev. Natliauicl Gage (Uui'- tarian) was settled as minister for five years ; the taxes of sixty- eight members of the parish (Uuiversalists) were abated ; it was " Voted To allow those persons about to secede from the Parish, the sum of Four Thousand Dollars for their interest in the Funds in the hands of the Trus- tees belonging to the Parish ; " the money was paid, and the Univcrsalist's withdrew, leaving tbe parish organization and funds in the possession of the " Congregational Unitarians," where they yet remain." In 1837, the parish society, (now Unitarian) disposed of their interest in the " common," and erected a new church edifice on the lot next north of it, at an expense of $8, TOG, 34. The new church was dedicated Decem- ber 6, 183C. Eev. Mr. Gage continued with the society until the summer of 1840, when he was succeeded by Eev. Nathaniel P. Folsom.f The salary of the latter was $800. He remained with the society until the fall of 1840. He was succeeded by Eev. James Eichardson, who was settled March 24, 1847, at a salary of $700, and remained until September 27, 1850, whca he was dismissed, at his own request. On the morning of January 1, 1847, the elegant church edifice, erected in 1837, was totally destroyed by fire. In the following November, the society voted to replace it, and the present structixi-e was soon after erected, at a cost of $7,126,91. Eev. Frederic Hinckley was settled as pastor of the society, November 9, 1850, and remained until July 9, 1853. His salary was $800. His successor was Eev. Eobert Hassall, who received and accepted a call to settle, in January, 1856, and remained with the society until 1858. His salary was $1,000. April 7, 1859, Eev. "William T. Clarke received an invitation to settle, which was accepted. His salary was the same as that of his immediate predecessor. Mr. Clarke is the present pastor. The North Parish. As we have already mentioned, the northerly part of the town was erected into a separate Precinct, or Parish, in 1728, and a meeting- house erected the same year. The Church was not organized, howevev, tmtil two years late". » The whole amount of the fund, in April, 1S38, was $11,296,48. The $4,000 had not as yet been taken from the fund. This had accumulated as follows: — Trom sales of parsonage lands, at sundry- times, $10,532,77; donation from "A Friend from the First Parish in Haverhill," August 2d, 1826, hy the hands of David Marsh, 2d, $300.00 ; interest accumulated when no minister was settled, viz; : from June 18, 1827, to January 9, 1828, and from January 1, 1834, to July 2, 1834, $300.00. In April, 1851, the fund was only $6,661.00. t Rev. Nathaniel Gage was a graduate of Harvard College, of the class of 1S23. He died at Cam- bridge, May 7, 1861, aged 60 years. . HISTORY OF HAVERHILL. 563 Wlien the New Hampsliire line was run, in 1 740, about two-tliirds of the inhabitants of the Parish fell to the north of the line. The portion which fell to the south of that line were soon after incorporated into a par- ish by themselves ; or, rather, the General Court declared them, to be, to all intents and purposes, the North Parish in Haverhill. The old meeting-house fell to the north of the State line, and the par- sonage to the south of it ; and though at first about two-thirds of the original parish became a part of New Hampshire, at i)resent, and for many years past, the membership and attendance at the old church has been about equal from Haverhill and Plaistow. In the preparation of the following account of this church, we have drawn largely from the excellent sketch prepared by its late pastor, Kev. Charles Tenney, and published in a work entitled New Hampshire Churches, 1856. The church was organized November 4, 1730, on a day of Fasting and Prayer, specially appointed for this pui-pose. It was originally styled the Church in the North Precinct of HaverhiU, Mass. It was composed of fifty-nine members from the First Church in Haverhill. On the 4th of March following, ten more were added from the First Church in Haverhill. At the above named meeting, Mr. James Gushing was invited to be their pastor, and was ordained on the 2d of December following. Nothing ap- pears to have occurred, during his ministry, which continued about thirty- three years, that disturbed the harmony of the church, or the comfort of the pastor. There was not, perhaps, what may be termed a revival of reli- gion, yet a good number were added to the church — one hundred and eixty-four in all — one hundred and fifteen by profession, and forty-nine by letter. The greatest number in any one year (1837) was fourteen. The half-way covenant practice was then in use and during Mr. Cushing's ministry, two hundred owned the covenant in this way, and had their chil- dren baptized. It does not appear, from the records, that he baptized an adult, on receiving members to full communion ; and this practice will ficcount for the great number of infant baptisms during this time, which was one thousand two hundred and seventy-five ;•■■= Mr. Cushing died May 13, 1764, aged 59 years. Eev. James Cushing was a son of Eev. Caleb Cushing, of Salisbury, Mass., and graduated at Cambridge in 1725. Mr. Cushing was a solid and fervent preachei', prudent, steady, patient, condescending, and candid ; c- During his ministry, Mr. Cushing married two hundred and twenty-four couples. g64 HISTORY OP HATERHILL. and he preserved for the thirty-four years of his ministry the most nnmf^ fled tranquility, peace and harmony, in his society. On the 2r)th of October, 1772, thirteen of the members of this church, resident in Atkinson, were dismissed and recommended for the purpose, in union with others, of being organized into a church in said town. On the 6th of March of the year following the death of Mr. Gushing, Mr. Gyles Merrill was ordained pastor of the church, and died April 27, 1801, aged 62 years, after a ministry of .about thirty-seven years. The number of admissions to the church was fifty-nine — forty-seven by pro- fession, and twelve by letter. The Eev. Mr. Merrill had a peaceful minis- try and was greatly respected and beloved by his people. As a preacher, he was orthodox in faith, of sound learning, discreet, and was justly and highly esteemed. The simplicity, kindness, and dignity of his manners, are even yet re- membered by many, with the greatest respect and veneration. He had the welfare of his people constantly at heart, and those who survive him tes- tify to his amiable disposition, and his devoutncss as a christian. Mr. Merrill was a graduate of Harvard College, of the class of 1759. Like his immediate predecessor, Mr. Merrill was a native of Salisbury. He commenced preaching in the North Parish as soon as the reverend "bear- ers" at Mr. Cushing's funeral (eight in number) had, according to custom, supplied the vacant desk one Sabbath each. After the death of Mr. Merrill, this church was without a settled minis- ter twenty-five years; and, during this time, became much enfeebled. The records do not show that more than eight persons were admitted to the church — for seventeen years not one. On the 26 of December, 1826, the Eev. Moses Welch, who had been preaching to the people as a stated supply for about two years and a half, was installed pastor of the church, and continued with them till the 2d of February 1831, when he was dismissed at his own request. There were admitted to the church after Mr. "Welch's installation thirty-six — three by letter, and thirty -three by profession, and all of these thirty-three, ex- cept two, were the fruits of a revival which occurred in 1827. Mr. "Welch baptized twenty-six children. On the day of Mr. Welch's dismissal, the Eev. Samuel H. Peckham was chosen to be pastor, and he was installed the 23d day of the same month. Much of Mr. Peckham's ministi-y was unquiet and unpleasant, yet in a very good degree successful. He was dismissed September 10th, 1838, having the "undiminished confidence " of the dismissing council, as " a HISTORY OF HAVERHILL. 565 good and aWe minister of tlie gospel." During bis ministry, of about seven years, there were added to the church thirty-one hy profession, and five by letter, and twenty-three children were baptized. Eev. David Oliphant statedly supplied the pulpit after Mr. Peckham's dismission. A neat and commodious house of worship was erected in 1837, in the place of the old house, which had become wholly unfit for use. The new house is the property of the proprietors. Mr. Oliphant left in 1852, and during his ministry there were added to the church, seven by letter, and twenty-five by profession. Infant baptisms, thirty- two. Eev. Charles Tenney commenced his labors with this church early in 1853, and remained its pastor until November, 1858, when he was called to a larger field of labor. From this time, to August 1859, the society were without a pastor, when Eev. Homer Barrows, then of Wareham, Mass., received and accepted a call to settle with them, and at once entered upon the discharge of his duties as a pastor. The West Parish. In 1734, the westerly part of this town, was, by the General Court, erected into a separate parish, or precinct, under the name of the West Pai'ish of Haverhill. The first parish meeting was held on the first day of May, of that year, the warrant for which was issued by Eichard Saltonstall, Esq. The meet- ing was held at the house of Thomas Haynes, who was chosen moderator, and Peter Ayer was chosen parish clerk. At this meeting, the parish voted to build a meeting-house, and to set it " on the southeasterly corner of Samuel Eatton's pasture."" The house was erected and mostly finished the same season. The pews (sixteen in number) were not, however, built until three years afterward. At the time the first parish meeting was held, the timber was already on the ground selected as a site for the meeting-house, and so rapidly was the work pushed forward, that services were held in the new house as early as October. The first minister engaged upon trial, was a "Mr. Googgins," who preached four Sabbaths. After him, a "Mr, Skiner " preached about two months. Mr. Skinner was succeeded by Eev. Samuel Bachellor, who preached with such acceptance, that (June 9, 1735,) he was invited to settle as their minister. "^ A few rods from the present house of Timothy J. Goodrich. 5G6 HISTORY OF irAVEIiniLT,. The parish voted Mr. Bachellor " a sofishant hous the Bigness of Mr. Nathan Wcbstcrs well fincshed and a liarn of thurty feet long and twenty feet wid and convenancy in land parstin for cecping three cows on hos and teen sheep sumer and winter ; " and "one hundred and thirty pounds in pasabil money or Bils of Creedit and value," annually. In addition to the above, they voted to give " his wcdcd wife so long as she shall con- teeneu his widow the hool Benefet of the pasneg Cept in teenitabal Eepaires;" and "twenty pounds in bils of creditor pasibel money an- nuialy" to Mr. Bachellor, when he should be " Disanabled for cariengon the work of the ministry " amqng them, by old age. Mr. Bachellor accepted July 21st, and was ordained soon after." It appears that the liberal support voted to Mr. Bachellor, was a cause of considerable " gealosey suspishon and unciscynes " on the part of some of the parish, and a meeting was warned to reconsider the matter. At this meeting, the parish voted to give him, in lieu of the house, barn, and land accommodations, two hundred and fifty pounds a year, — to which he agreed. In the spring of 1736, the parsonage lands lying in the vicinity of Parsonage Hill, which had been given to the North and West Parishes to divide between them, were divided by a joint committee. The same year (December 6) the jn'oprietors of the undivided lands in the town, gave Mr. Bachellor seventy acres of land in the AYcst Parish, for his own use, also forty acres to the parish. In 1739, the parish voted to give Mr. Bachellor the use and possession of all the " parsonage lands and mead- ows belonging to yc AYcst Parish," so long as he should continue to cany on the work of the ministry among them. Soon after the Parish was incorporated, the commoners gave them a tract of land to purchase a burying-ground, and roads to their meeting- house. This land was sold in 1738, and in 1740 (November 25) the Parish " Voted Twenty- two pounds to Mr. Thomas Haynes with what he has already had for half an acre of Land for a Burying-place where we have already Bureyed Sundry of Our Dead." The spot referred to, is about one-fourth of a mile south of the site of the old meeting-house. The depreciation in value of paper money, which was an active cause in the troubles which broke out in the East Parish, seems also to have been a stumbling Ijlock in the way of the church and society in the West Parish. Trora time to time the parish voted Mr. Bachellor an addition to his salar}^ in consideration of "the fall of the present currency," In 1749, the o Mr. Bachellor had preached in the parish twenty-one weeks before he gave his answer. illSTORY OF HATERHILi. 5G7 tiddition made was £70. At the annual meeting in 1750, tlie parisli " Voted not to pay the Eevd Mr. Bachellor his salary this year without a recicpt or discharge in full." This displeased many, and a meeting was called shortly after, to sec if the parish would " reconsider and disanul that vote," but the meeting refused to act upon the question. After con- siderable negotiation, the parish (December 18, 1750) voted Mr. Bachellor £06.13.4, in addition to what had already been paid him, in full for his salary from his settlement to that time. This was not satisfactory to some of the parish, and, failing to "Disanul ye vote," they " dissented against ye Illegal proceedings.""- In 1755, these difficulties assumed alai*ming proportions. Mr. Bachellor was accused of heresy, in saying that the work of redemption was finished, when Christ uttered the words "It is finished." This, his enemies, (led on by Joseph Haynes, a shrewd and fearless man, of superior, native talent, and quite extensive reading,) denounced as downright heresy, and made them the ground-work of a sharply contested controversy, which raged with violence for a number of years, aud finally ended in the removal of Mr. Bachellor, 9th October, 1761, upon terms that day recommended by a Council, The subject was considered by the Haverhill Association, and two Councils called for that purpose, who upheld Mr. Bachellor, and published several pamphlets defending his conduct from the aspersions of his enemies. These drew from Mr. Haynes, a large pamphlet, called " A Discourse in order to confute the Heresy, delivered, and much contended for, in the West-Parish, in Haverhill, and countenanced by many of the ministers of the neighboring parishes, viz : That the blood and water which came from Christ when the soldier pierced his side, his laying in his grave, and his resurrection, was no part of the work of redemption, and that his laying in the grave was no part of his humiliation." It was printed in 1757. This drew a pamphlet in the following year, from the Association and Councils, vindicating the measures they had taken, to which Mr. Haynes soon after replied. A Council of nine churches con- vened by adjournment on the 19th September, 1758, when twenty charges against Mr. Bachellor were laid before it, condemning his conduct and doctrines. The Council sat four days, and decided that they were not sufficiently supported. Col. John Choate of Ipswich, one of their members, differed from this decision and published his "reasons of dissent." The same Council again met in the following year, when Mr. Haynes gave * The dissentients were Thomas Haynes, Joseph Hascltine, Thomas Page, Joseph Hutchens, Daniel Lad, Jr., Peter Carleton, Jonathan Emerson, Josepli Haynes, Timothy Emerson, and William Aycr. 568 HISTORY OF HAVERHILL. them some " friendly remarks," wliicli were afterward puLlislied ; "but this second examination of the charges only confirmed them in their former decision. Eev. Samuel Bachellor was a graduate of Harvard College, of the class of 1731, and a man of superior tMcnt and attainments. During his min* istiy in the parish, he baptized about four hundred and fifty ; thirty-eight owned their baptismal covenant ; and one hundred and eighteen were admitted to the church. •- After his dismission, Mr. Bachellor continued to reside in the parish until his death. In 1769, and again in 1770, he was chosen to represent the town in the General Court. After the dismissal of Mr. Bachellor, the parish was without a settled pastor nine years. In March, 1762, Eev. Nathaniel Noyes commenced preaching in the parish, shortly after which, the church and parish voted " to settle upon Congregational rrinciplcs," and to organize the church according to the platform of church discipline agreed upon by the Cambridge Synod in 1649, — " except the 11th section of the 10th chapter of that platform, which allows the elder a power to negative the Brotherhood." In the October following, the church and parish extended a unanimous invitation to Mr. Noyes to settle with them, but he declined. The next January the invitation was renewed, but without success. After Mr. Xoyes left, a Mr. Wheeler occupied the pulpit for a short time, when he was succeeded by Eev, John Carnes, In March, 1766, Mr. Carnes was invited to settle with the parish, but declined. The call was renewed April 14th, and accepted, but, for some reason not stated, he was not settled. In June, 1767, a call was extended to Eev, Joseph Willard, (afterward president of Harvard College) who accepted, and the last Wednesday in October was assigned for his ordination ; but, for reasons not given, the ordination never took place. In March, 1769, Eev. Phiucas Adams received a call by " a great ma- jority " of the parish, though several were so strongly opposed to his settlement that they petitioned to be released from paying toward his support. The following December the call was repeated, when it was accepted, and Mr. Adams was ordained January 9, 1771. He continued with the parish until his death, in 1801, during which time, for ought that appears upon the records, the society was prosperous and united. * The church was organized October 22, 173j, with seventy-seven members, all of whom had been dis- tnissed from the I'irst Parish Church for that purpose. Nathan Webster and Peter Ayer were chosen deacons, in November, 1735. HISTORY O'F HAVERHILL. 569 &. Adams, who graduated at Cambridge in 1762, was a man of mild and conciliatory manners, amiable disposition, sound sense, excellent understanding, and extensive reading. He was not bigoted, and seemed well calculated to quiet a turbulent society. After his death, the parish met, and voted to pay all the expenses of his funeral. During his ministry, Mr. Adams baptized three hundred and thirty-one (adults and infants); sixty-nine "owned their baptismal covenant ; " and eixty-two were admitted to the church. At the first church meeting after the settlement of Mr. Adams, John Smith and Thomas Webster were chosen deacons. In 1782, Moses "Web- ster, and in 1785, Joseph Eaton, were chosen to the same office. . The first mention we find in the parish records of a school in the par- ish, is in November, 1751, when it was voted to build a school-house eighteen feet square, at "ye Clay pitts near ye end of the Eoad that lead- eth to ye house of Mr Jonathan Webster." At the next meeting, an effort was made to have the school-house placed in the centre of the par- ish, but without succss. For some reasons, the building of the school- house proceeded very slowly, as we find that as late as February, 1754, it was only partly finished, and was ordered to be removed to the east end of the meeting-house. The next month, a proposition was made to move the meeting-house and the school-house to " Lad's plain," in the " center of the Parish," but the proposition failed. The December following (1754) the school-house was yet unfinished. At this time, the parish voted that a school should be kept one-third part of the time at or near Peter Carleton's ; one-third at Stephen Webster's ; and one-third at Sam- uel Whitker's. It continued to be so kept until, at least, 1772. In 1774, it was kept at or near Jeremiah Hutchin's ; Timothy Eatton's ; and Peter Emerson's ; at which time, there was as yet no school-house in the parish. In the spring of 1791, the parish appropriated £82 for the building of three school-houses. One was set " westward from Thomas West's, ou Enoch Bradley's land ,• and one " near James Chase's." The location of the third one does not appear. They were all built in 1791. In 1792, the inhabitants of the "Eastern, on Jew street," petitioned for a school in their vicinity a part of the time, but the request was not granted. In 1770, the parish voted " to continue to sing Dr Watts' Psalms & Hymns in the congregation." This is the first allusion to singing we find in the parish records. One of the articles in the warrant for the annual meeting in 1771, was " To see if the Parish will vote a part of the Frunt Galary for those to sit in who Have Larnt or are Larning to Sing by Kule. 72 570 HISTORY OF nATERHILL. Either to Build a Pew or other wise as Shall he thot most proper." As the parish at the time voted to make extensive repairs in the meeting- house, no recorded action was taken about the singing ; but a pew was doubtess built at the time, as we find that " the Singers Pew " was en- larged in 1788, and again in 1794:. In 1810, the parish appropriated thirteen dollars toward the support of a "singing school." This, we be- lieve, is the earliest distinct allusion we have found, in any of the records or papers we have examined, of a sii\giug-school in the town, though it is by no means improbable that such schools were kept years before. Indeed the fact that some were "Larning to sing by Piule " as early as 1771, would seem to imply that something of the kind was then in operation."' In 1786, a proposition was made to jmrchase grounds for one or two new "burying-places." The matter was referred to a committee, who re- ported it inexpedient for the parish to purchase. A private subscription was then started, and ground for a second burying-place was purchased the same fall. It was located on the northerly side of the Salem, (N. H.) road, and near Creek Pirook.f After the death of Mr. Adams, the parish was without a settled minis- ter for twenty-five years, during which period its religious aflfairs were in a very unsatisfactory state. In 1803, a Mr. Mead occupied the pulpit for some months, and the pro- position was made for the parish to join with the North Parish, and hire him, to preach one-half the time in each parish, — but it was not agreed to. At the annual parish meeting, March 17, 1806, it was " Voted, that the Baptists, Methodists, or Universalists, who belong to the "West Parish, should have a right and privilege to draw out of the parish treasurer's hands, as much money as they pay in by taxes, — after allowing or deducting for levying and collecting the same, — for to hire such minister or ministers as they choose, provided they are of good stand- ing or character, when there is not a minister employed by the parish committee as has been usual in times past." The above continued to be the practice until 1809, when a committee consisting of one from each denomination was chosen to divide the money raised for preaching, among the several denominations.! If any person o The earliest mention of a singing-school in the village, whicfi we have found, is an advertisement of Bamuel W. Ayer, in December, 1812, of his intention to commence a " Singing School, at the First Parish School House." t The cemetery opposite the brick mccting-house has been laid out but a few years, and is the third in the parish. t The only denominations represented by a "committee man," were the Congregationalists, (or " Standing Order " ) the Methodists, and the Universalists. HISTORY OF HAVERHILL. 571 refused to say to wliicli one lie desired his money to be paid, it was to be divided equally among all of tbem. From 1809, to ISIS, the above plan continued in operation. Eacb de- nomination had preaching of their own, as many Sabbaths in the year as the money thus divided would furnish. In 1818, ten members of the parish petitioned for a parish meeting " To instruct the Committee of the Congregational order how much preaching to engage ; " and also " To see if Preachers of the Universal order shall be admitted to preach in said Meeting House in the West Parish the present year." At the same time, fourteen others petitioned for a meeting, to see if the parish would vote that the money paid into the treasury for the sup- port of preaching, might not be drawn out " to hire the Congregational, Methodist, and Universal Preachers, as usual." This was an attempt, on the part of the Congregationalists, to regain entire control of the parish, but it was unsuccessful. The parish .refused to act upon the propositions in the first petition, and agreed to those of the other. In May, 1821, the parish voted to extend a call to Eev. Mr. Pomeroy, but no action appears to have been taken by the church, and he was not invited. One year later, a proposition was made to invite Rev. Mr. Lam- bard but it was not agreed to. Two years still later, an attempt was made to unite on Eev. Stephen Morse, but this also proved unsuccessfuL Finally, in September, 1826, the church unanimously invited Eev. Moses G. Grosvenor to become their pastor. In this call, the parish joined, and Mr. Grosvenor accepted the invitation. He was ordained December 27, 1826. Soon after the settlement of Mr. Grosvenor, David ^\^ebster, by his last will and testament, bequeathed to the parish two pieces of land, contain- ing about twenty acres ; two thousand dollars in money ; and all the resi- due of his personal estate, after paying his debts, &c. The conditions of the bequest were, in substance, as follows : — The income and interest of the property bequeathed was to be " applied exclusively for the support and maintainance of an ordained Gospel minister of the congregational or presbytcrian denomination, who is orthodox or Calvinistic in his senti- ments, in the west or second parish in said Haverhill." Whenever any minister of that description should be "regularly ordained and settled " in the parish, "according to the custom of congregational or presbytcrian churches," the trustees-' were to pay over to the proper parish officers the o John Marsh, Esq., and Mr. Brickett Bradley, of Haverhill ; and Eev. Gardner B. Perry, Rev. Ii-a Ingraham, and Mr. David C. Kimball, of Bradford, "their successors," ifec, were designated as trustees of the property bequeathed. 572 HISTORY OF HAVERHILL. income of the bequest. If there should not be any euch minister so set- tied, the bequest was to be an accumulating fund in the hands of the trustees for the term of ten years, (unless such a minister should be set- tled before that period) when the income was to be paid over " to the domestic missionary society ^■•' * " to be applied specially for the support of preachers of the Gospel, of the denomination aforesaid, in such vacant and destitute parishes as are unable to supply themselves." The income was to revert to the parish whenever they settled a minister as specified ; and at the expiration of ten years after such a minister had been settled by the parish, and had "remained as such during that period," the trustees might, by consent of the judge of probate, transfer the capital sum of the bequest to such trustees of the funds of the parish as should be duly authorized to receive the same. The will is dated July 12th, 1827. Mr. Webster died October 18th, 1828, aged 79 years. Mr. Grosvenor was a Congregationalist, and was settled as such. By the terms of his settlement, the connection between the pastor and the parish could at any time be dissolved by a three months' notice from either party. It could hardly be expected that such a settlement would be satisfactory to the other denominations in the parish, and we accordingly find, under date of January 10, 1828, a petition from thirty -nine members of the parish, requesting a parish meeting, " To see if the Parish will vote to appropriate any naoney, and if any, how much, to hire ministers to preach in said Parish, in addition to the Eevd Mr. Grosvenor." The meeting was held, and it was voted (yeas fifty, nays fifty-three) not to hire any other minister, as petitioned for. A few weeks later, (March 13, 1828) a meeting was called to see if the parish would give Mr. Grosvenor a *' three months' notice to withdraw his pastoral connection " with the parish. The proposition was carried, and Mr. Grosvenor was accordingly dismissed." " During Mr. Qrosvenor's ministry, lliirty-one ■were admitted to the chnrch ; twenty-three were baptized ; and ten renewed their baptismal covenant. From the death of Eev. Mr. Adams, in 1801, to May, 1821, there were thirty admissions to the church. From the same date, to August, 1S24, thirty-three persons were baptized. In August, 1820, Deacon Aaron Clarke, (who removed to tliis town from Wells, Me., in 1807,) was chosen deacon (associate) with Deacon Moses Webster. Deacon Clarice died March S, 1828, aged 90 ; and Deacon Webster died January 27, 1827, aged 90. The hitter was a member of the church fifty-one years, and for forty-four years one of its deacons. In May, 182i, the church adopted a new form of "Articles of Faith and Covenant." September 6th, of the same year, nineteen persons were admitted to the church. In the records of 1821, and subsequently, we notice that persons admitted to the church were frequently "baptized the same day." Several are recorded as having been "rcbaptizcd" on theii' admission. In February, 1827, Joseph and Moses Webster were chosen deacons. HISTORY OF HAVERHILL. 573 The Congregationalists, finding themselves in the minority in the parish, soon after decided to withdraw, and organize a new society. They erected a neat and substantial brick meeting-house/-' one mile west of the old parish meetiug-house, and, August 3d, 1829, petitioned for a parish meet- ing to see if the parish would " vote to give the Eev. Abijah Cross a call to settle with them in the gospel ministry to preach in the brick meeting house," on condition that his salary should not commence until the next annual parish meeting, in March, 1830 ; that the parish treasurer should " pay over annually to that part of the parish that do not wish to pay Mr. Cross, all their taxes, and so much of the annual income of the parsonage property as shall bear an equal proportion to their parish taxes or rateable estates; " that the latter should have " a right to spend the money thus paid over, in the old meeting house, for such preaching as they shall choose ; " and that a three months' notice shall be sufficient to dissolve the connection between Mr. Cross and the parish. The next day, (August 4, 1829) the Universalists petitioned for a parish meeting, "to see if the parish will vote to give a call to Eev. Daniel D. Smith to settle with us as our minister," &c. A parish meeting was there- upon warned for the 26th of the same month, to act upon the several propositions of the two petitions. In the meantime, (August 20) the church extended a unanimous call to Mr. Cross, to settle with them, as their minister, f On the 26th, the parish met, and voted to give Eev. Mr. Smith a call to settle with them for two years ; and not to give a Seceders from Andrew Johnson j the First Parish." A meeting was held February 2d, and the money accepted. Trustees were chosen to manage the fund, and a petition forwarded for an act of incorporation, which was granted.--' June 2, Kev. Thomas J. Greenwood was invited to settle with the society. He accepted, but was released at his own request, August 15th. In September, (2d) Eev. Otis A. Skinner, of Baltimore, received and accepted a call to become their pastor. He commenced his labors Novem- ber 1 st, and was installed over the society the following January (January 20, 1836).f Mr. Skinner labored with great faithfulness, and in the en- joyment of the esteem of all who knew him, until December, 1836, when the society reluctantly yielded to his request for a dismission, that he might accept a pressing invitation to remove to a more important field of labor. He was soon after installed over the Fifth Universalist Society in Boston. Mr. Skinner was succeeded by Eev. Mathew Hale Smith, who was in- stalled February 21, 1837. Mr. Smith continued with the society until January 14, 1838, when he was dismissed, to accept a call to settle in Salem, to which place he immediately removed. During the ministry of Mr. Smith, a church was organized in connection with the society. It was organized June 14th, and " publicly recognized," June 25, 1837. The officers of the church are, a moderator, two deacons, a clerk, and a treasurer. The pastor is ex-officio moderator. The dea- cons, previous to 1857, were John Crowell, Samuel Johnson, John S. Fuller. The number of admissions to the church during the same period were forty-eight. ■^ The Society was incorporated June 12, 1824. t Rev. J. B. Morse was ordained to the ministry at the same time and place. 598 niSTORT OF nAVERniLL. In March, 1838, Eev. Henry Bacon, of East Cambridge, received and accepted an invitation to settle with the society, and was installed April 18th. March 31, 1840, Mr. Bacon was dismissed at his own request. He was afterward settled in Philadelphia, where he died, in 185G. After the dismissal of Mr. Bacon, the society was without a settled pas- tor a little more than a year, during which time invitations were extended to a Eev. Mr. Quimby, (July 12, 1840,) and Eev. J. Shrigley, (August 23, and again November 30, 1840) neither of which were accepted. Eev. T. P. Abell, of Castine, Me., commenced preaching for the society in March, 1841, and with such acceptance, that, April 4, he was invited to settle with them. He accepted, and was installed June 15, of the same year. Mr. Abell was succeeded, in 1844, by Eev. Massenah Goodrich, who continued with the society from November, 1844, to April, 1849. May Gth. 1849, Eev. L. B. Mason was invited to become the pastor of the society. He accepted, May 20th, and was installed on the 30th of the following October. In July, 1853, Eev. Calvin Damon, of South Boston, was invited to settle with the society, but declined. The following November, Eev. J. E. Pomfret received a similar invitation, which was accepted. Mr. Pom- fret continued to labor with them until December 31, 1854, when he was dismissed, at his request. He immediately took charge of thg society in the "West Parish, where he remained until 1S58. He is now engaged in the practice of medicine, in Albany, N. Y. In 1853, the society purchased the Sheriff Bartlett estate, (where the Exchange Building now stands) intending to erect a new church edifice on that eligible site. But subsequently, the interest centered on the old site, and, in 1854, the above property was sold to Dr. George Cogswell> of Bradford, and the society proceeded to erect the j:)rcsent elegant church on Summer Street. The new edifice was dedicated January 10, 1856. In 1855, the call to Eev. Mr. Damon was renewed, and accepted. Mr. Damon labored with general acceptance until October, 1857, when im- paired health compelled him to seek a relaxation from pastoral labors, and the society yielded to his request for a dismission. January 2d, 1857, the church was re-organized, and its Articles of Faith, Covenant, &c., revised. The following is its Confession of Faith : " Articles of Faith. — 1. We believe in One Licit/ff n.nd True Gody who is infinite in Wisdom, Power, and Goodness, and in every possible perfection. 2. We believe in One Lord Jesus Christ, who is the Son of HISTORY OF HAVERHILL. 599 God, the promised Messiah, and the Savior of the World. 3. We Ibelieve in the Scriptures of the Old and New Testaments, as being a revelation from God, as containing rules for the regulation of our conduct, in all the relations and circumstances of life ; as declaring the character and gov- ernment of God, the rewards of virtue, the punishment of vice, and also revealing the great truth of the final reconciliation of all things to God, so that He, at last, shall be ' All in All.' 1 Cor. 15, 18." • Since the re-organization, twenty-seven persons have signed the church covenant and articles. The successor of Mr. Damon, was Eev. William McNeil, who com- menced his labors with the society early in 1859, and continued them until January 1st, 1860, when he was dismissed at his own request. Soon after the dismission of Mr. McNeil, a call was extended to Eev. J. W. HansoiL who accepted, and entered upon the duties of the office in November. Mr. Hanson is the present pastor of this church and society. =■■■= Centre Congregational Church. This church and society had its origin in the controversy which arose in the First Parish during the pastorship of Eev. Mr. Phelps. Soon after the dismission of the latter, in November, 1832, most of the members of the church, and others of the society, seceded, and united in the forma- tion of an " Independent Congregational Society, "f The first meeting was held April 27, 1833, at which about one hundred persons were pre- sent, and the new society was organized. The church was organized August 28, 1833, with ninety members. Barnard Brickett and Samuel Chase were chosen deacons, and on the same day Eev. Joseph Whittlesey, of Connecticut, was installed their first pastor. The new society worshiped for a time in the Summer Street Church, then in the First Parish Church, and for a while in the Academy Hall. The corner stone of their first meeting-house was laid June 28, 1834, and o John Wesley Hanson was born in Boston, May 12, 1823. He was ordained to the ministry at Went- worth, N. H., in June, ISiS, where he remained about one year, when h^lfeccepted a call as pastor of the First Universalist Society in Danvers, JL".ss. In 1848, he removed to Norridgwock, Me., where he re- mained two years, as pastor of the Universalist Society at that place. Two years later, he accepted a call from the First Universalist Society in Gardiner, Me., where he remained until his removal to Haver- hill. In addition to his pastoral labors, Mr. Hanson has been almost constantly engaged in other literary pursuits. He is the author of a History of Danvers (1847), History of J\'orridi/wock (1851), History of Gardiner and Pittston (1853), and of several smaller works. From 1854 to 1860, he was edi- tor of the Gospel Banner, a weekly paper, published at Augusta, Me. In 1856 he represented the city of Gardiner in the State Legislature. t In 1840 the name was changed to " Centre Congregational Society." 600 HISTORY OF HAVERHILL. the edifice was dedicated on the 17th of the December following.- Its cost was about $8,000. In February, 1837, Mr. Whittlesey was dismissed at his own request. During his pastorate fifty were added to the church. In 183G, Ezra C. Ames was chosen deacon, in place of Deacon Brickett, deceased. After the dismissal of Mr. AVhittlesey, the society experienced consid- erable difiiculty in the selection of a successor. Among the candidates was Ecv. Job H. Martyn, who occupied the desk for several months. When the council, called to consider the matter, finally decided that it was inexpedient to settle Mr. Martyn as pastor of the society, sixteen members of the church withdrew, and, with others, united in organizing the Winter Street " Union Evangelical Church." Finally, a call was ex- tended to Eev. Edward A. Lawrence, who accepted and was ordained and installed May 4, 1839. Mr. Lawrence labored with much acceptance and success until June 12, 1844, when he was dismissed at his own request. During his pastorate, one hundred and twenty-one were added to the church. =■' The successor of Mr. Lawrence was Kev. Benjamin F. Horsford, who was settled May 21, 1845, and has labored with great faithfulness and Buccess until the present time.f In 1858, this church and society was again the theatre of intestine com- motion. The trouble, which originated from a variety of influences, finally culminated in the spring of 1859, in the withdrawal of nearly one hun- dred members of the church, who immediately united in a new organiza- tion, under the name of the " North Church." Soon after the withdrawal of the above members, the parent society remodeled and enlarged their house of worship, at an expense of about 11,000. The edifice was re- dedicated January 27, 18G0. Large accessions have since been made to the church and society, — many of them from the late Winter Street society — and, at the present time, it is abundantly blessed with peace and prosperity. o Mr. Lawrence was born in St- Johnsbury, Vt., October 7, 1808, graduated at Dartmouth College in 1834, and at Andover Theological Seminary in 1838. A few months after leaving Haverhill, he was set- tled over the churfh in Marblehead, where ho remained until July, 1854, when he was elected Professor of Ecclesiastical History and Pastoral Theoloijy, in the Theological Seminary at I'^ast Windsor Hill, Conn., to which place he removed. t Mr. Horsford was born in Thetford, Vt, November 11, 1817 ; graduated at Dartmouth, 1838, and at Andover Thelogical Seminary, in 1841. He was ordained at Haverhill May 21, 1845 history op haverhill. 601 Methodist Episcopal Church. The earliest mention we find of this religious denomination in the town, is in the records of the West Parish, and we learn from persons now living that Methodism was established in the above jjarish many years before it took root in the First Parish.'* As near as we have been able to ascertain, the first attempt to hold regular meetings in the village, was in 1830, when such meetings were held every other Sabbath, for a period of six months, in the old Masonic Hall, near the ferry-way. The next move- ment of the kind originated with four individuals, — Osgood Gr. Boynton, Moses M. Chase, Joseph T. George, and Mrs. , — who com- menced meeting as a " class," in April, 183G, at the house of Mr. Boyn- ton. Their success was such, that, in the following July, regular weekly services were commenced in Academy Hall. For about a year their preaching was furnished by itinerants, after which, they were regularly supplied by the Conference. The church was regularly organized in the spring of 1837, and continued to prosper until about 1842, at which time it numbered about two hundred members. For various reasons — promi- nent among which were the distractions attendant upon the " Miller delusion," — the interest about this time began to decline rapidly. In the fall of 1813, the place of meeting was removed from Academy Hall, to the new hall in the rear of the old tavern of Kufus Slocomb, known as Union Hall. At this place the meetings continued to be kept up for about one year, when they were discontinued altogether. The present church and society originated in the formation of a class of fifteen to twenty members, August 18, 1851. They commenced holding regular services in Atheneum Hall, February 14, 1852, with an audience of forty persons. The following May, a Sabbath School was organized, consisting of four officers and six scholars. March 3, 1854, the society was legally organized, in conformity with the laws of the Commonwealth, as " The First Methodist Society in Haverhill, Mass." The present ele- gant church edifice on Winter Street was erected tl^p same year, at a cost of about $10,000, and dedicated February 16, 1855. From that time to the present, the society has continued to increase and prosper. Winter Street Church. This church, at first styled the " Union Evangelical Church, of Haver- hill, Mass.,"f was organized in the spring of 1839. Its origin may be " It will be seen, by a reference to our history of the West Parish, that the Methodists held religious services in the West Parish meeting-house as early as 1806. It is worthy of note that Universalism and Methodism both made their first appearance in the town in the West Parish. t The name was changed in May, 1853. 76 602 HISTORY OF HATERHILl. principally traced to the differences, or divisions, which followed the nn- successful effort to settle Eev. Job H. Martyn over the Centre Congrega- tional church and society. Soon after the final decision of the Ecclesiastical Council, (in January, 1839,) that it was inexpedient to instal Mr. Martyn over the last named church, he commenced preaching at the Academy Hall, whither his earnest manner, and popular style, drew large audiences. A deep religious interest was soon awakened, which finally resulted in the organization of a new church, of which he was at once the founder and the first pastor. The following account of the formation of this church, is mostly taken from the early records of the church itself. " A number of brethren, members of the Congregational and Baptist churches of Haverhill, feeling that the interests of the cause of Christ required the organization of a new church in this place, met, at the house of brother Joseph Johnson, on Thursday, May 2d, for consultation upon the subject. After a season of prayer, and a free and protracted discus- sion of the subject, it was unanimously Resolved, That in the judgment of this meeting, the interests of the cause of Christ demand the -srganization of a new church in this village." One week later, an adjourned meeting was held at the same place, when " A Confession of Faith, and Form of Covenant, together with several fundamental principles of Congregational Church Government were brought forward by the Moderator, the Eev. J. H. Martyn ; & after exami- nation and discussion, with a few alterations, were approved and adopted." The meeting then adjourned to Wednesday, the loth inst., at which time " The brethren and sisters who were to compose the new church, assembled, at 9 oclk A M, at the house of brother Joseph Johnson, and spent the forenoon in prayer, for the blessing of God upon their enterprise. At this time most of them subscribed the Confession of Faith. At 2 oclk P. M., public services were held at the Academy Hall. The Eev. J. H. Martyn preached a sermon on the nature and powers of a church." After the sermon, twenty-eight individuals,'-' "having previously ob- tained letters of disrafssal from the several churches of which they were members, for the purpose, proceeded to organize themselves into a church." (The record here gives the names of the persons, and then proceeds.) " The principles of Church Government, the Confession of Faith, the Fence to the Communion, and the questions for self-examination, were read and publicly adopted. ="' '•' =' '-' The Church then proceeded • Eleven males and seventeen females. Three of them were received "on Confession of Faith." HISTORY OF IIAVERllILL. 6t)3 te tlie choice of officers ; who were chosen by ballot. The Eev. J. H. Martyn was chosen Pastor, and Dea Tappan Chase, and Edward K Dike, were chosen Deacons."-' May 19th, the new church commenced holding their regular meetings in the school-house near the foot of High Street. One week later, thirty- one persons (twenty-one of them males) were received to membership in the church, by profession. Twenty-one of them were baptized the same day, by immersion, and six by sprinkling. The other four had received baptism in infancy. The sacrament of the Lord's Supper was adminis- tered to the church on the above occasion, for the first time. As the new church was not organized by a council, according to the custom of Congregational churches, some of the neighboring churches refused to recognize it as regular, and declined granting letters of recom- mendation to those who desired to join it. This did not, however, pre- vent the new church from receiving such persons. They were " received on Confession." Within a month from the first meeting to organize the church, a lot of land was purchased, and the erection of a meeting-house commenced. The site selected, was that on which the church now stands ' — on the north side of "Winter Street, corner of Franklin Street. So rapidly was the work pushed forward, that services were held in the new house July 28th, — only fifteen days after the frame was raised. Temporary seats were put up while the house was being finished. The Society was regularly organized August 10, 1839, by virtue of a warrant from Charles White, Esq., on the petition of Ezekiel Hale, Jr., and nineteen others. The pews of the new house were completed in the following March, when tliey were appraised, and rented. The rents were payable monthly. This plan of raising money for the support of the gospel, continued in opera- tion until the house was remodeled, during the ministry of Mr. Comings, when the pews were appraised and sold, and the more common plan of raising money by annual subscription, was adopted. The whole number admitted to membership in the church, during the first year of its existence, was one hundred and seventeen, sixty-six of whom were admitted by profession. * June 16, BenJ. Emerson, 2d, was also chosen deacon. In Januarj', 1846, Alfred Gage was chosen, in place of Edward U. Dike, resigned. In 1857, Joseph B. Spillerwas chosen, vice Tappan Chase, deceased. The latter was one of the most active and prominent of the first members, of this church and society. Says one who knew him well : " Dea. Chase was a rare man. He was a safe counsellor, and an efiicient actor. He was ever in his place. The church lost in him a most valuable member." G04 HISTORY OF nATERnirx. May 3d, 1841, Kev. Mr. Martyn was dismissed, at his own request,, after having labored as the pastor of the church for two years. The whole number admitted during his pastorship, was one hundred and twenty, all but three of whom were admitted during the first year. Mr. Martyn im- mediately removed to New York, and was soon after settled over the Second Congregational Society of that city. He has since left the work of the ministry, and engaged in the j)ractice of medicine. He is now a> resident of New Bedford. On the 23d of May, 1841, an invitation was extended to Eev. Charles Fitch to become the pastor of the church. He accepted, and entered upon his charge soon after. His salary was $700. Mr. Fitch continued with the church but one 3'ear, when he was succeeded by Eev. George W. Fin- ney. He had recently adopted the views of the somewhat celebrated William Miller, concerning the second coming of Christ. He preached his farewell discourse to the society May 8, 1842, and his successor com- menced his labors on the 12th of the following month." Eev. Mr. Finney labored with faithfulness and success for two years. He was an early and zealous supporter of the Washingtonian movement, and his labors in that direction were not without effect. After his release from the pastorship of this church, he was for several years employed by the State Temperance Society as its Agent, in which capacity he travelled somewhat extensively. He is now a resident of California. It was during the pastorship of Eev. Mr. Finney, that the extraordinary religious excitement occurred, of which we have already made mention. In this remarkable delusion, many of the members of this church became participants, and it was nearly ten years before the church recovered from the disastrous shock. Some idea of its extent, may be judged from the fact that, in 1845, ten members of the church were excommunicated, and nine others stricken fi'om the roll. These were " those who went qff'trom this church during the excitement of '43 and '44, called the Miller ex- citement." From March, 1843, to May, 1853, we find no society records ; and from a petition dated May Gth, of the latter year, we learn that, "for the want of officers, the society were unable to assemble in the usual man- ner," and it was therefore organized anew. The successor of Eev. Mr. Finney, was the Eev. D. N. Merritt, who commenced his labors with the church January 1, 1844. He received an invitation to settle, in January, 1846, which was accepted in the March <* Mr. Fitch died in Cleveland, Ohio, soon after. HISTORY OF IIAVERniLL. 605 following, and he was installed in April. Mr. Merritt remained pastor of the church until July 10, 1848, when he resigned." In the November following, Eev. E. J. Comings received a call to settle as pastor of the church. He accepted, and entered upon his diities Decem- ber 5, 1848. His salary was $400. He served as pastor until April 25, 1852, when he was dismissed, at his own request. He soon after went to Ohio, and subsequently to Vermont, where he still resides. April 28, 1850, (during the pastorship of Eev. Mr. Comings) the church unanimously voted to invite an ecclesiastical council, to consider the subject of receiving the church into fellowship with the other churches. The council met May 7th, and, after due deliberation, resolved to recog- nize the church, and receive them into fellowship, provided they would " adopt the Congregational platform as the basis of their ecclesiastical order." May 10th, the church unanimously agreed to the terms, and on the 15th of the same month, it was publicly recognized and received into fellowship, as proposed. The total number of recorded admissions to the church, from the close of its first year to January 1, 1853, is forty. We find no record of admissions from 1852 to December 1858, though it is certain there were admissions during that period. March 16, 1853, Eev. Leonard S. Parker was unanimously called to the pastorate of this church. He was installed June 1st of the same year. His salary was $800. Under his ministry there was a steady and healthy growth of the church and society, the former nearly trebling in numbers, and the latter increasing in proportion. The Sabbath school became one of the largest in town, .including many children whose parents attended public worship nowhere. In 1854, several members of the church united in building a house to be occupied as a parsonage. In 1856, a fine organ was placed in the church at an expense of $1,000. In 1858, the congre- gation had increased to such an extent, that the house of worship was enlarged by the addition of twenty pews. At the same time a large and convenient vestry was built in the basement, and other extensive improve- ments made in and about the edifice. The whole cost of these changes fell a little short of $3,000. The same year the pastor's salary was increased to $1,000. The formation of the North Congregational Church led to the inquiry whether it was best for the cause of Christ to have three churches of the same order in the village, especially as the religious wants of the community were largely met by the new churches of other denominations. The unhappy revival of a family feud soon after, which found its way into •* In 1833, he was deposed from the ministry, for gross immorality. 606 niSl?ORT OF IIAVERniLt. tlie church, and resisted its utmost efforts to settle it, although aided by the unanimous decision of two councils, and in August, 1859, issued in the secession of thirty-four persons from the church, strengthened the opin- ion of some, that the disbandment of this church might be a christian duty. After many meetings for conference and prayer in reference to the subject, and taking the advice of the neighboring pastors and churches, the conclusion was reached to unite with the other churches in town. Eev. Mr. Parker accordingly resigned his charge, and was dismissed by an ecclesiastical council March 26, 1860, and a few months later was installed as the pastor of the First Church and Parish in Derry, N. H. The church having previously granted letters to many of its members, on the 25th of June, 1860, voted letters to all the remaining members in regular stand- ing, and then voted to disband. The church edifice was soon after sold to the Free-will Baptist Society for $11,000, including the organ. Though this church existed but twenty-one years, and passed through Bcvere trials, yet its usefulness was marked, especially during a part of its history. The stranger was ever welcomed ; and the young were particu- larly cared for. Probably no society in town has been sustained by more cheerful, generous, and self-denying benefactions. Many of its former members are now adding to the strength and usefulness of other churches, while some have joined, the church in heaven. TuE Tabernacle Cuurcu. When Eev. Henry Plummer left the Christian Union Society, in 1843-, he was accompanied by a number of the principal members of that church, among whom were the two deacons, — Deacons John Morse and David Evans, These were joined by others, '■■= who believed with them that the second coming of Christ was then near at hand, and immediately after, a temporary building was erected by thera for worshipping purposes, in the rear of Essex Street, near the freight depot of the Boston & Maine Eailroad Company, which was known as " The Tabernacle." They temporarily organized by the choice of Mr. Plummer as pastor, and the above named Morse and Evans as deacons. In 1852, the Tabernacle building was removed, and the present larger and more pernianent building was erected in its place. The new chapel was dedicated January 27, 1853. Mr. Plummer remained as pastor of the society until 1855, when ho resigned his charge, and entered upon a new field of labor — that of an Evangelist. In 1858, the Tabernacle building was sold at public auction, • Principally from the Winter Street Church. H ¥.■ ^ >'^/. ■H.^ r^^^^-f^ ^ HISTORY OF HAVERHILL. 607 and was purchased by Mr. Plummer, who immediately re-commenced holding regular services in it, at the solicitation of some ten or twelve families of his former charge, and has so continued from that time to the present. The church and society worshipping in the Tahernacle, at the time of the transfer of the property, in 1858, immediately removed to the Atheneum Hall, where they have continued to hold meetings, a part of the time only, until the present time. Eev. Henry Plummer, the founder of the Tabernacle church and society, and for so long a time its spiritual leader, is a native of this town, where he was born February 22, 1794. At an early age he learned the trade of a baker, and in 1823 established himself in that business in this town. He was engaged in this business at the time of his ordination to the ministry, and for some time subsequently, when he was appointed Agent of the Haverhill & Boston Stage Company, and relinquished the former business. In 1831, he removed to Philadelphia, and engaged in the shoe business, with his brothers. He also preached in that vicinity regularly upon the Sabbath. While in Philadelphia, he was frequently urged to return and take charge of his former church, and finally consented, after being absent about a year. Upon his return, the chapel was enlarged, of which we have already given an account. It is worthy of note, that Mr. Plummer has never received a regular salary as pastor. From his ordination, in 1826, to his removal, in 1831, his pastoral labors were entirely gratuitous, unless we except an occasional individual donation. He was induced to return to his former charge in 1832, by assurances of an adequate support, and from that time to the present he has labored faithfully and constantly in his chosen field, relying upon the free-will offerings of his church and people. He believes that " the gospel should be free," and that its preaching should never be made a matter of bargaining; and for nearly forty years he has applied the principle to his daily practice. Mr. Plummer is a man of more than ordinary ability, perseverance, and consistency ; and whether we regard him as a preacher of the gospel, or as a neighbor and a citizen, he has always commanded the respect, the confidence, and the love of all. St. Gregory's Church. The first time that religious services were held in the town, upon the Sabbath, according to the forms of the Eoman Catholic Church, was the second Sabbath in September, 1850. Previous to this time, the town had been occasionally visited by the ofliciatiug priest at Lawrence, who G08 HISTORY OF nAVERHILL. had several times held religious services with the people of that faith, upon a week-day. On the 10th of August, 1850, Eev. John T. McDonnell, a native of Galway, Ireland, arrived in Boston, and was immediately sent to Haverhill, for the purpose of establishing a church at this place." On the second Sunday in September, mass was performed for the first time. A few days later, the foundations for a church edifice were laid, and on the 4th of July, 1852, the new church was appropriately dedicated. A commo- dious house for the priest was also erected immediately adjoining the church. In 1859 the church edifice was considerably enlarged, to make room for the increasing congregation. Soon after the completion of the above improvements, a school for Catholic children was opened in the vestry of the church, by Mr. Francis J. Nichols, which is still in a flourish- ing condition. Trinity Church. The following account of the early history of this church, is principally taken from a pamphlet entitled " An Historical Sketch of the Church Missionary Association of the Eastern District of the Diocese of Massachu- setts," by Eev. AVm. S. Perry, Boston, 1859:— Toward the close of the year 1853, a renewed missionary spirit seems to have pervaded the Association. A committee appointed at the forty- third meeting, held at St. Stephen's, Lynn, July 19th and 20th, of that year, to address the Diocesan Board with reference to the appointment of an itinerant missionary for the Eastern district, and to devise means for his support, reported at a subsequent meeting the favorable answer of the Secretary of the Board, and an assessment on the parishes of the district for the amount of eight hundred dollars. In view of this response, and the circumstances of the town of Haverhill, a committee was appointed to visit this place, and to hold services there if deemed expedient. This was the beginning of another and a most flourishing parish. Forming, as it did, the residence of the Rev. Moses Badger, M. A., itinerant missionary of the venerable society for the Propagation of the Gospel in Xew Hampshire and parts adjacent, from the years 1767 to 1774, it can hardly be supposed that one so efficient in ferreting out, in towns and hamlets, the scattering churchmen of his cure, should not have occa- sionally held services in Haverhill, the home of his family and his connections by marriage. In confirmation of this supposition, we may refer to casual allusions in the " Frontier Missionary," to exchanges between o Rev. Mr. McDonnell was born May 20, 1822. He was educated principally at Rome, and came to America soon after the completion of his studies. HISTORY OP UAVERHILL. 609 the Rev. Jacob Bailey, of Maine, and Mr. Badger, which strengthen the inference that the services of the church were, from time to time, held at Haverhill. Be this as it may, the Eev. Eana Cossit, who was licensed by the Bishop of London to officiate in New England, March 27th, 1773, and who seems to have shared to a certain extent the itineracy of Mr. Badger, is expressly registered in the records at Fulham as incumbent of " Haverhill parish."'-' From this time until about the year 1820, but few services appear to have been held in this immediate vicinity, f At this date, an effort was made to introduce the church in Haverhill, and services were celebrated in a hall for nearly six months, with a regular attendance of about sixty persons, embracing some of the most intelligent and influential men of the town. The pulpit was supplied by the Rev. Drs. Wainwright and Eaton, of Boston, l^lorss, of ISTewburyport, and others, and in their absence, the services were conducted and sermons read by Mr. Hovey, a devoted church- man of the place, and a young lawyer, the present Hon. J. H. Duncan. Soon after, Mr. Hovey was removed by death, and, for want of ability to secure the services of a resident clergyman, the effort was discontinued. Occasional services were, however, held from 1833 to 1835, mainly through the personal exertions of A. W. Thayer, Esq., now of Northampton, Mass. The Rev. James Cook Richmond, at that time in deacon's orders, officiated several times, in the Baptist meeting-house, during the winter of 1833 and the following summei'. On Sunday, March 1st, 1835, the Rt. Eev. Alexander V. Griswold, D. D., Bishop of the Eastern Diocese, preached three times to large and attentive congregations, in one of the meeting-houses of the town. Early in the month of June, 1855, Charles Wingate.f a parishioner of St. Peter's, Philadelphia, removed from that city to Haverhill, his native town. Anxious to extend to his relatives and friends the privilege of the church of his love, he at once began his efforts by opening, on the 1 7th of the same month, as a preparatory step, a Sunday school in a neighboring school-house. A correspondence with the Rector of Christ Church, Boston, requesting a supply of Testaments for the little school, revealed, inci- dentally, to Mr. Wingate, the fact that another gentleman in that vicinity, » See p.-'.ge 37 S. t We find, in the Merrimack Intdligcncer of Auafust 20, 1S14, the following: — "The Eev. Asa Eaton, Rector of Christ Church, Boston, is expected to preach to the Episcopal Society in this town, tomorrow." This is, we believe, the only reference of the kind we have noticed in an examination of a nearly complete file of Haverhill newspapers from 1793 to 181G. — G. W. C. X Mr. Wingate is a son of Moses Wingate, Esq., and is now Rector of a flourishing church in New- port, R. I. 77 610 HISTORY OF HAVERniLL. Mr. B. K. Downes, of Bradford, was a churchrQan. An interview with Mr. Downcs resulted in the securing of the Unitarian meeting-house for July 22d ; on which occasion the llev. Dr. Packard of Lawrence officiated morning, afternoon, and evening, to large and interested congregations. So great an interest was excited, that a vigorous effort for the introduction of the church in this important town was resolved upon. In view of the pressing need of immediate action, the Rev. Thomas F. Tales, of Waltham, wrote at once to the Eev. W. Colvin Brown, at that time connected with the diocese of Missouri, inviting him in behalf of the Association, to take charge of the new movement, and offering to be personally responsible for his salary until his appointment was confirmed. Mr. Brown, accepted this invitation, reached Haverhill on the 11th of August, and the following day held the first regular service of the new enterprize in the chapel of the Centre Congregational Society. Beginning with a congregation of from twenty to thirty at the morning service, and a fuller attendance at Evening prayer, the increase was steady and promising. The Association at their next meeting approved the course of Mr. Fales, and immediately undertook the whole support of Mr. Brown. On the 8th of October, 1855, a parish was organized by the name of Trinity Church, and the Eev. Mr. Brown invited to the rectorship. Pledges to the amount of $2,000 for church- building purposes were immediately secured in the town, which were con- siderably increased in Lowell, and subsequently in Boston ; and so speedy was the success of this new movement, that on the 15th of the following May, the Bishop of the diocese laid the corner stone of a neat and beautiful building, which, on the 7th of January, 1857, was consecrated by him to the worship of Almighty God. The consecration of this new church, costing, with the ground, $6,500, of which amount $4,800 was raised in Haverhill, and the remainder contributed by friends in Boston, Lowell, Waltham, Andover, and Lawrence, was rendered doubly pleasant to the parishoners by the meeting at the same time of the Church Missionary Association of the Eastern District, to whose willing help this rewarding result was mainly due. Eev. Mr. Brown remained with this church until June, 1858, when he accepted the Eectorship of Zion Church, Newport, E. I., where he still resides. In October of the same year, Eev. Charles H. Seymour commenced his labors with this church, under whose care it has steadily continued to increase and prosper. The number of church members at the present time is about seventy. Mr. Seymour is a native of Watcrtown, Conn., where he was born May 15, 1829. He graduated at Trinity College, Hartford, in 1851 ; was HISTORY OF HAVERHILL. 611 admitted to Deacon's orders in 1855, and Priest's orders in 1859. In 1850, (continuing'Ms college studies in the meantime) he became connected with the Military school, at Hamden, as instructor, where he remained about three years, when he established a similar school at West Hartford, under the name of " St. James' School." In 1854 he disposed of his interest in this school, and soon after opened another upon the same general plan, at Litchfield, in the same State, under the name of the " Wolcott Institute." Both of these schools are still in successful opera- tion. In 1855 he was elected Principal of the " Punchard Free School, " at Andover, Mass., to which place he immediately removed, and where he remained until called to take charge of the above church, in 1858. The Third Baptist Church. The flattering and almost unexampled prosperity of the First Baptist Society in the years immediately preceding 1858, led to the consideration of the question whether it was best to provide adequate worshiping accom- modations for the large and rapidly increasing number of applicants, by an enlargement of the already capacious church edifice, or by the organiza- tion of a new society. After much consideration, the latter course was decided upon, and thirty members of the church withdrew for that purpose, and commenced holding religious services in the Town Hall, on Sunday, December 12, 1858, under the direction of Eev. Benjamin Wheeler. Early in the following February, the new church was regularly organized. They continued to worship in the above named hall until January, 1861, when they removed to the new building on Winter Street, near Spring Street, known as Music Hall, and which had been erected by some of the members of the society, partly for that purpose. The present number of church members is about one hundred and twenty. Piev. Benj. Wheeler, the pastor of this church and society, is a native of Salem, N. H., where he was born March 14, 1807. He fitted for the ministry principally at New Hampton, N. H., and was ordained as first pastor of the First Baptist Society in Plaistow, N. H., in November, 1836. With this society, the fruit of his first, earnest, and well-directed ministerial labor, he remained until April, 1852, when he accepted an invitation to a larger field of labor, and was settled over the First Baptist Society in Eandolph, Mass. In 1858, impaired health induced him to resign his position as pastor of the above church, and accept the charge of the proposed new society in Haverhill. He came to this town in Decem- ber, 1858, immediately entered upon the work, and was installed as its first pastor, at the organization of the new church, in February, 1859. 612 history of hateriiill. The North Church. The North Congregational Society was organized March 1, 1859, an^ the Church was constituted on the 30th of the same month. This Church had its origin in the diflPerences which convulsed the Centre Church and Society in the year prcccdiug, and, with a few exceptions, was at first com- posed of members of the latter, who had been regularly dismissed for that purpose. April 12th, a call was extended to Eev. B. F. Horsford, to become the pastor of the new church, which was declined. Soon after, an eligible lot of land was purchased, situated on the south-east corner of Maine and White Streets, and July 20th the.corner stone of a new church edifice was laid, with appropriate ceremonies. July 28th a call was extended to Eev. Alonzo U. Quint, of Jamaica Plain, which was also declined. The new church edifice was completed the following winter, and was dedicated February 21, 1860. The cost, including the organ, was within a fraction of $30,000. The number of pews is one hundred and thirty-two, ninety-three of which were sold for a total of $22,500. From the organi- zation of the church, until their new place of worship was ready for occupancy, regular services were held in the First Parish Church. June 4, 1860, a call was extended to Eev. E. H. Seeley, which was accepted, and he was installed August 8th of the same year. Eev. Eaymond H. Seeley, is a native of Norwalk, Conn. He graduated at the New York City University, in 1839, and at the Union Theological Seminary, New York city, in 1842, and was ordained as pastor of the Congregational Church in Bristol, Conn,, July 5, 1843. In March, 1849, he was called to the pastorship of the North Church in Springfield, Mass., where he remained until February, 1858, when he was selected to take charge of the American Chapel, in Paris. He remained in Paris until November, 1859, when he i*eturned to Springfield, from which place he removed to Haverhill, in August, 1860. Free-will Baptist Church. This society originated in 1858, when a number of persons in Haverhill and Bradford, believing in the principles of faith as laid down in the order of the Free-will Baptist denomination, commenced holding regular meetings in the Atheneum Hall, on Main Street. The first services were held June 27th, by Eev. William C. Clark. Soon after, a lot of land was purchased on the east side of White Street, near Winter Street, and a vestry, capable of accommodating two hundred persons, was immediately erected on the rear of the lot. The building was dedicated January 6, 1859, at which HISTORY OF HAVERHILL. 613 time a cKurch was regularly organized. The latter consisted of twenty- three members. Soon after the organization of the church, a difficulty arose among its members, which finally, December 10, 1859, resulted in a division of the church, — or, rather, the secession of a part of its members, including its pastor. A few months later, (April, I860,) the original society purchased the church edifice of the Winter Street Congregational Society, then recently disbanded, at a cost of $11,000, and immediately removed to that place. A call was soon after extended to Eev. Joseph S. Burgess, then of Lewiston, Me., which was accepted, and he was regularly settled over the church and society in the following October. Kandall Church. This church and society had its origin in the schism which took place in the Free-will Baptist Church, in 1859, and was originally composed of the members who seceded from that church, December 10, 1859. Soon after the above division, the seceders commenced holding meetings in a hall finished for that purpose in the house of their pastor, Eev. Mr. Clark, on Duston Street. On the 13th of April, 1860, the hall was formally dedi- cated, and a church regularly organized by a council, under the name of the " Eandall Church." ■■■= The latter now numbers fifty-four members. Though organized by a council, the church as yet stands as an " indepen- dent" church, not having applied for admission to the fellowship of the other churches of the denomination. Eev. Wm. C. Clark, the pastor, is a native of Middleborough, Mass., where he was born, September 13, 1817. He prepared for the ministry principally at Holliston Wesleyan Academy, and was ordained at Lowell, in 1846, by the N. E. Wesleyan Methodist Conference, as pastor of the church at Leicester, Mass. In 1848 he removed to Duxbury, where he remained as pastor of a similar church, until 1850, when he accepted a call from the church in Eockport, Mass., where he remained one year, when he removed to Exeter, N. H. He continued with the church in Exeter until 1855, when he removed to Elliot, Me. Two years later, he removed to Hampton, where he resided until called to take charge of the new movement in this town, in 1858. Free Evangelical Church. In May, 1858, a new religious society was organized in the Central village, under the name of the Free Evangelical Church. Eev. Charles H. o Xhe church is named for Benjamin Randall, the founder of the Free-will Baptist denomination in 1780. 14 HISTORY OF HAYERHILL. Cole, (who had been for some time employed as a missionary in the town,) was chosen pastor. The object of the organization of this society, was, to provide a free meeting for all who could not, or did not choose to attend any other church. Sustained by the contributions of the public generally, it was for a time successful in accomplishing its object. The attendance was quite large, — many being induced to attend who had long been strangers in a religious meeting, — and the interesting Sabbath school connected with the society was the means of exerting an extensive and favorable influence over large numbers, who otherwise would not have been reached. Owing to a variety of causes, prominent among which may be mentioned the formation of several other new churches, and the extensive increase of worshipping accommodations, this society failed to receive sufficient support, and, after an existence of about two years, the organiza- tion was abandoned. HISTORY OF HAVERHILL. 615 CHAPTEE XXX. BIOGRAPHY AND GENEALOGY. Ayer, John, SalislDury, 1640, had Hannah, bom 21st December, 1644, removed to Ipswich 1646, Haverhill 1647, there died 31st March, 1657. (See page 73). John, Haverhill, son of the preceding, born in England, married oth May, 1646, Sarah, daughter of John "Williams of the same, and next, after 1659, Susanna, daughter of Mark Symonds, of Ipswich, and removed to Brookfield as one of its first settlers, there killed by the Indians when they destroyed the town, 3d August, 1675. He kept the inn, and his children were (besides Sarah) Samuel, John, Thomas, Joseph, Mark, Nathaniel, and Edward, of whom some lived at Brookfield after its renovation. Another John, perhaps a son, perhaps a nephew of the pre- ceding, was of Ipswich, lately from Haverhill, in 1679, and had a wife Mary. Peter, of Haverhill, 1646, youngest son probably of the first John, married 8th October, 1659, Hannah, daughter of "William Allen, was freeman in 1666, a representative in 1683-5-9, and 90, and died at Boston 3d January, 1699, aged about 66. Eohert, of Haverhill, brother of the preceding, freeman 1666, married in 1659, Elizabeth, daughter of Henry Palmer, of the same, and had Samuel. Samuel, of Haverhill, son of Piobert, freeman, 1683, married Elizabeth, daughter of Simon Tuttle, had Obadiah, (Harvard College, 17lO,) John, and James; was selectman and killed by the Erench and Indians when they surprised the town in August, 1708. Thomas, of Haverhill, 1646, was probably son of John the first, and may have removed to Newbury, there had John, born May 12, 1657, and was freeman 1666.=-"' Badger, Gen. Joseph, was the eldest child of Joseph Badger, a mer- chant of Haverhill, where he was born January 11, 1722. His mother, Hannah, was a daughter of Colonel Nathaniel Peaslee, one of the wealthi- est and most influential men of this town. The first person of that name in this vicinity, was Giles Badger, who settled in Newbury, Mass., 1643, and died July 17, 1647. His son, John Badger, born June 30, 1643, by his first wife, Elizabeth, had John, died in infancy; John, born April 26, 1665 ; Sarah, and James. Mrs. Badger ° The above \» from Savage's Uist. and Gen. Diet. 616 HISTORY OF HAVERHILL. died April 8, 1669. He married, for his second wife, Hannah Swett, February 23, 1671, hy whom he had Stephen, Hannah, Nathaniel, Mary, Elizabeth, Euth, Joseph, Daniel, Abigail, and Lydia. John Badger died March 31, 1691, of the small pox, and his wife soon after, of the same disease. John Badger, Jr., a merchant in Newbury, married Eebecca Brown, October 5, 1691, and had John, James, Elizabeth, Stephen, Vo^ep^, (born 1698) Benjamin, Dorothy. Joseph Badger, son of John, Jr., was the above mentioned merchant of Haverhill, and the father of seven chil- dren, Joseph, Judith, Mchetable, Mary, Nathaniel, Mary, and Peaslee. Only two of them lived to settle in life, viz. : Joseph and Judith. Mrs. Badger died January 15, 1734. July 29, 1735, he married for his second wife, Hannah, the widow of Ebenezer Pearson, whose maiden name was Moody. She had by her first husband, six children, Hannah, Moody, Euth, Ebenezer, Thomas, and Samuel. By her second husband, Mr. Bad- ger, she had three, Enoch, Nathaniel, and Moses. Moses married a daughter of Judge Saltonstall, and settled as an Episcopal minister in Providence, E. I. Enoch moved to Gilmanton, N. H., and died in San- down. Mr. Badger died April 7, 1760, aged 62. Gen. Joseph Badger, son of Joseph, the merchant, married Hannah Pearson, daughter of his father's second wife, by a former husband, Janu- ary 31, 1740.=' Their children were AVilliam, Hannah, Mehetable, Joseph,! Eebecca, Euth, Peaslee, Ebenezer, Mary and Nathaniel (twins), Sarah, and Judith. Gen. Badger, (then Capt.) went to Gilmanton, N. H., then a new settlement, in the spring of 1763, sowed and planted his land, and removed his family in the July following. His was the eighteenth family in the new settlement, and at the raising of his barn that season, (the first framed building erected in the town,) he had, as he often after- ward related, every man, woman, and child, to take supper with him. J Before removing to Gilmanton, he lived in Haverhill and Bradford. Gen. Badger, while a youth, served in the militia in the capacity, suc- cessively, of Ensign, Lieutenant, and Captain. He was frequently a selectman of the town, and moderator of its meetings. He was appointed, at the age of twenty-three, a Deputy Sheriff for the County of Essex, which office he held until he removed from Massachusetts to New Hamp- •» His only sister, Jndith, married at the same time Nathaniel Cogswell, a merchant of Haverhill, by whom she had nineteen children. t Afterward known as the Hon. Joseph Badger, and the father of Hon. Wm. Badger, late Governor of New Hampshire. t Mr. Badger became a proprietor in the new town by purchasing shares that were forfeited and sold at auction. HISTORY or HAVERHILL. 617 sliire, in 1763. He was tlie first magistrate in the place, and his commis- sion as Justice of the Peace, was renewed in 176S. He also officiated in various offices in the town. In July, 1771, he was appointed Colonel of the Tenth Kegiment. In the time of the Eevolution, Col. Badger was an active and efficient officer. He was muster-master of the troops raised in his section of the State, and was employed in furnishing supplies for the army. He was a member of the Provincial Congress, and also of the Convention which adopted the Constitution. In 1784, he received the commission of Justice of the Peace and Quo- rum throughout the State. The same year, he was commissioned, in company with John Wentworth, John Plumer, and Ebcnezer Smith, to administer the oaths of office and allegiance to the civil and military offi- cers of the County. He was appointed Brigadier-General, June 27, 1780, and Judge of Probate for Strafford County, December 6, 1784, which office he held till May 13, 1797, when he resigned. He was also a mem- ber of the State Council in 1784, 1790, and 1791. As a military man. Gen. Badger was commanding in his person, well skilled in the science of tactics, expert as an officer, and courageous and faithful in the performance of every trust. With him, order was law, rights were sacred, and the discharge of duty was never to be neglected. He was a uniform friend and supporter of the institutions of learning and religion. He not only provided for the education of his own children by procuring private teachers, but he also took a lively interest in the early establishment of common schools for the education of children generally. Not content with such efforts merely, he did much in founding and erecting the Academy in Gilmanton. He was one of the most generous contribu- tors to its funds, and was one of its trustees, and the President of the Board of Trust, until his death. He was also a generous supporter of the gospel, a consistent christian, and to his hospitable mansion the minis- ters of religion always found a most hearty welcome. Gen. Badger was nearly six feet in stature, somewhat corpulent, light and fair in complexion, and dignified and circumspect in his manners and conversation. His whole life was marked by wisdom, prudence, integrity, firmness, and benevolence. Great consistency was manifested in all his deportment. He died April 4, 1803, in the 82d year of his age, ripe in years, in character, in reputation, and as a christian. The text selected for his funeral sermon was strikingly appropriate : — " And behold, there was a man named Joseph, a counsellor ; and he was a good man and a just." 78 618 HISTORY OF HAVERHILL. His •widow died February 19, 1817, aged 95. Her children were twelve, grand-cliildren forty-five, gi-eat-grand-children ninety-five, and her great- great-grand-children tvFenty-five.'"' Baetlett, Hon. Bailey. The following sketch of this estimable man is from the Essex Gazette, of September 11, 1830: — " Died in this town, on Thursday last, (September 9, 1830,) the Hon. Bailey Bartlett, the venerable Sherifi" of Essex County, aged LXXX. Mr. Bartlett was descended from one of the earliest settlers of Newburyport. His paternal ancestor, John Johnson, was settled in Haverhill, by a formal writing with its principal inhabitants in 1657, who conveyed to him a house on the site of the mansion of Sheriff Bartlett, on condition of his doing the Smith's business for the Village for seven years. Mr. Johnson lived to an advanced age, when he and his wife were butchered by the Savages, and his house burnt, when Haverhill was attacked in 1708. His grand-daughter was married to Dr. Joshua Bayley, a distinguished Surgeon in the British Navy, and afterwards Physician in the village of Haverhill. Sherifi" Bartlett was the only son of one of his three daughters, and was named for his grand-father. His father was an importing merchant, and kept an English Goods sto»e, as did the Sherifi", until 1789. Mr. Bartlett received only a common school education, but a taste for reading marked every period of his life from youth to old age ; and very few men in the country have read more than Mr. Bartlett. He also had a great taste for agriculture, to which he devoted much time, and in this pursuit he made many useful and successful experiments. He was early a member of the Agricultural Society of the State and of the County. A taste for Mechanics was also a distinguished trait in the character of Mr. Bartlett. In his ofiice he kept a Lathe and the tools of a joiner, and some of the handsomest pieces of furniture were made by him for the various members of his family ; this was indeed his favorite amusement. He particularly directed his attention to the art of constructing bridges and suggested many improve- ments in that art. Living at the most interesting period of our revolution, he early mingled in political life. He was one of the earliest and most constant friends of the venerable John Adams, and the fellow boarder with him and Samuel Adams, in Philadelphia, on the 4th of July 1776. He was present in the yard of Congress Hall, when the Declaration of Independence was first proclaimed, and he has often observed that it was received with great murmuring by the crowd there assembled. In 1783 he represented the " The above notice of Gen. Badijer, and his family, is mostly taken from Lancaster's History of Gilmanton, y. H. \ itiMufii>rd:< lUh.Bo-'l^" HISTORY OF HAVERHILL. 619 town of Haverliill in the House of Eepresentatives, and in 1789, the County of Essex in the Senate. On the first of July of that year he was appointed Sherifi" of Essex. Gov. Hancock presented him the Commission in person, and stated to him that he did it with peculiar pleasure as it was the only nomination during his administration that met the unanimous concurrence of his council. He held the Office until the day of his death, with the exception of about six months, from Dec. 5th, 1811, to June 20th, 1812, when he was made the victim of the unfortunate policy of Gov. Gerry, which resulted in his defeat at the subsequent election. During the time that Mr. Bartlett was thus out of Office, his fellow citizens with gi-eat unanimity elected him Treasurer of the County. In his Office of Sheriff he was distinguished by his courtesy — his house was the mansion of elegant hospitality. Kind and indulgent almost to a fault to the unfortu- nate victims of the law, his purse often paid the exactions of the unfeeling creditor rather than imprison the poor debtor. In all cases of difficulty he was firm, fearless and immoveable. Though decided in his politics, he never suffered political feeling to enter into his official duties, and many of his deputies were his warmest political opponents. His kind treatment to the victim of a political libel estranged some of Mr. Bartlett's political friends, but added to his character one of his brightest laurels. The same thing took place, when during the great excitement of the late war, an attempt was made to tax the humane Marshal of Massachusetts with barbarous treatment of the British prisoners, the Sheriff immediately fear- lessly vindicated the character of Marshal Prince and bore testimony to his humanity. Sheriff Bartlett, was a member of the Convention that adopted the Con- stitution of the United States, and that which was called to amend the Constitution of Massachusetts in 1820. In 1797 he succeeded Judge Bradbury as Eepresentative of Essex North District, in the Congress of the United States, of which he was a member four years ; — he being a member of the last Congress holden at Philadelphia and of the first which met at Washington. He was member of Congress during the contest between Mr. Jefferson and Aaron Burr, and whilst a member, was the chamber companion of the lamented Chief Justice Parker, between whom, until the death of the latter, the warmest and most cordial friendship continued to exist. Speaking of Sheriff Bartlett, just before the commencement of the late trial, to which they both fell victims. Judge Parker says in a letter to a friend, "he is one of the last men whose feelings I would intentionally 620 HISTORY OF HAVEEUILt. wound, having for more than thirty years known the purity and integrity' of his character, both public and private." These two friends devoted their last moments to duty and society ; and though Sheriif Bartlett, at the advaned age of 80, was afflicted with a malady which would have excused a young man of thirty from attending Court, still he was determined whilst he held his office to discharge its duties. Nineteen days before his death, he attended Court, when the sentence of death was pronounced on the unhappy Knapp. He returned to Haverhill the same day, when he arrived at his house, it took several men to remove him from his chaise. He immediately took to his bed and never left it. It was his last sickness as it was his first. He never having been severely indisposed before. A life of the greatest temperance secured health to a good old age, and in his last sickness he scarcely felt a pain. Mr. Bartlett was one of the Electoral Candidates on the federal ticket in 1804, and was elected an Elector in 1828. Mr. Bartlett was the oldest public officer living in Massachusetts, except the clerk of the County of Middlesex, and he has probably held the office of Sheriif longer than any other individual ever held it. The best commentary on his public life is^ that without a dissipated or extravagant habit, he leaves his family less than half the property he possessed when appointed Sherifi". Such was the public life of this amiable, honest, faithful and unostenta' tious public servant. But the brightest trait of his character cannot be known to the world. To see that, they must know the family he has reared, trained and stamped with his own similitude. Fifteen children, thirteen gi'own to middle age, and eleven who survive him, who never knew an angry passion or a selfish feeling. This is the brightest gem in the diadem. Seven daughters softening the dying bed of virtuous old age, is a scene which celibacy cannot witness without effect. Blessed was he ia life, and thrice blessed in its close." Bartlett, Hon. Isaac. The Bartlett families are said to have come into England with William the Conquerer in 1006; and one of them — Adam De Barrtlot — settled in Stapham, Sussex. However this may be, it is certain that the Bartletts who settled at Bart^ett's Cove, in Newbury, Massachusetts, came into this country from 1634 to 1637. John Bartlett came in 1634, from the County of Kent, England, He died in 1678. Kichard Bartlett, a shoemaker, supposed brother of the first John, came ia 163-7, and died in 1647. His son, Samuel, married Eliza Titcomb, and died in 1732. His youngest daughter married the Eev.: Matthias Plant, who has left MSS relating to his own time. Thomas Bartlett, son of the above Samuel, married Sarah AVcbster, and died in 1744. His wife died HON. ISRAEL BARTLETT. I HON. SAMUEL BLODGET. JllSTORY OF HAVERHILL, 621 in 1728. Their ctildren were Israel, Tabitha, Enoch, (who was the father of Hon. Bailey Bartlett, of Haverhill,) Dorithy, Nehemiah, James, Thomas, and Sarah. Israel Bartlett, son of the above Thomas, married Love Hall in 1738, and died in 1754. His wife died in 1806. Their children were Joseph Hall, Sarah, Thomas, Israel, Mary, and Josiah. Israel Bartlett, son of the above Israel, was born in Nottingham, N. H., May 8, 1748, and died in Ha\'erhill, April 21, 1 838. He married Tabitha, Walker, June 8, 1775. She died December 18, 1824. Their children Were Samuel, Enoch, Mary, Henry, James, John, Sarah, George, and Charles. Only one of these (John) are now living. After the death of his father, which occurred when Israel was but six years of age, the latter went to reside with his uncle, at Bartlett's Cove, where he remained until he went as an apprentice to the Goldsmith's trade, to a Mr. Mouiton, in Newburyport. When his term of apprenticeship was completed, he came to Haverhill, and established himself in the same business. Though his early education was limited, Mr. Bartlett made such good use of his odd hours, that he became well versed in ancient and modern history, and familiar with the standard literature of his day. He enjoyed, deservedly, the respect and attachment of all who knew him. In his earlier years, he was active in the service of his country ; he was present at the surrender of Burgoyne, and has left a brief account of that expedi- tion. In 1810 and 11, also from 1816 to 21, he served the Commonwealth as a member of the State Senate. He sustained various offices in the town, and always discharged his duties with great fidelity. Shortly before his death, at the advanced age of 90, he received a renewal of his appointment, as a justice of the Peace, For very many years he was an honored and consistent member of the Eirst Church in this town, and, at the ripe age of 90 years, he went down to his grave strong in the hope of a glorious immortality. Blodget, Samuel, better known to our elderly citizens as Judge Blodget, was a native of Woburn, Mass., and a man of superior ingenuity, intelli- gence, and enterprise. He was at the taking of Louisburg, in 1745, and came to Haverhill some time previous to 1748, in which year he married Hannah White, of "Haverhill District." In 1759, he established pot and pearl ash works in this town, which were among the first in the country, and kept them in successful operation for many years. Eemoving to New Hampshire, some time previous to the Revolution, he was appointed Judge of the Inferior Court, in the County of Hillsborough, which office he held for some years. Judge Blodget was possessed of great 622 niSTORY OF haverhill. jnechanical ingenuity, and was the originator of several valuable inVen* tions. In 1783, he bought a ship which was stranded near Plymouth, and with a machine of his own invention raised the vessel, and recovered the whole cargo. The latter was mostly tea, which the Judge carefully dried, and sold, making quite a fortune by the operation. Encouraged by this success, he went to Europe, for the purpose of raising money from a rich Spanish ship, but was not permitted to make the attempt. He* then went to England, and sought permission to attempt the raising of the Royal George, one of the largest ships in the British Navy, but with no better success. He was looked upon as a Yankee enthusiast. Returning to the United States, he soon after established in this town a factory for the manufacture of linen duck. A part of the machinery was of his own invention, and his factory, which was one of the very first in the country, was one of the principal objects of attention in the town at the time of President Washington's visit. The enterprise proving unprofitable, it was finally abandoned. Judge Blodget was one of the first to advance the idea that it was the duty of the government to encourage and protect home manufactures, and in the hope that his influence might make a greater impression upon the public mind, he was, in 1791, chosen to represent the town in the General Court. In 1793, he began a canal at Amoskeag Falls — known as Blodget's Canal. Upon this, and in attempting to lock the falls he labored several years, and expended all his property — but without accomplishing his object. The Judge was a generation ahead of his time, which will account for nearly all his failures. He was possessed of a genius which would, under proper cultivation, and favorable circumstances, have immortalized his name. He intended to have lived to the age of 100 years, at least. Eigid temperance, activity, and sleeping with open doors and windows, were, in his opinion, the true elixer vitce. He therefore slept with the windows of his chamber open, in all weathers and at all seasons, and never allowed himself to wear either "great coat" or mittens. He enjoyed uninter- rupted vigor, cheerfulness and health, until his Both year, when his scheme like so many of his others, failed. Early in 1807, in travelling from Boston to Haverhill on a cold and stormy night, in an open sleigh, he was so thoroughly chilled, that on arriving home he was unable to speak, and was with great difficulty rescued from immediate death. • From this shock he never recovered, In the following August he died, of consumption. HISTORY OF HAVERHILL. 623 Bradley, Isaac. " Died. — In this town, on the 15tli inst., Mr. Isaac Bradley, aged 83. It is remarkable that his grandfather assisted to build the first meeting house in this town ; his father the second ; and he the third in the same parish. His grandfather was killed by the Indians ; and his father, a captive among them, made his escape at 15 yrs old thro the trackless wood from Winnepiseogee Pond to Saco fort without any guide but sun and stars, or rather a kind and wonderful Providence. The subject of this obituary sustained a state of almost helpless infirmity for 30 years with patience and unrepining submission. Near his death he called around him his children and grandchildren, and like a good old patriarck, gave them his affectionate blessing and pious counsels. He died full of the hopes of that religion of which he had been a professor thro alonglife."— O&A-err^r, (Haverhill) Jan. 22, 1802. Brickett, Gen. James, was a native of Haverhill. He practiced physic successfully for many years, in this town, both before and after the war of the Revolution. He was Surgeon's mate in Col. Frye's Eegiment, at Fort Frederick, from March 30, 1759, to July 30, 1760, and perhaps longer. On the breaking out of the dispute between the Colonies and Great Britain, he ranked himself with the Whigs, and became a firm and devoted patriot. He was one of the principal movers in the organization of the Haverhill Artillery Company, in 1774, and was its first Captain. He was a- member of the first "Committee of Inspection" in the town, (1775.) On the breaking out of hostilities, in April 1775, he hastened to Cambridge, where he was commissioned (May 20) as Lieutenant Colonel in Col. Frye's Essex Regiment. Owing to the illness of the latter, Lieut. Col. Brickett commanded the regiment at the occupation of Bunker Hill, on the night of June 16, 1775, and until wounded on the day following. =•■'= He was subse- quently (July 5, 1776,) appointed by the Governor and Council of Massa- chusetts, Colonel of a Battalion to be raised in the Counties of Essex, &c. A few days later, (July 11,) he was appointed Brigadier-General of the forces to be sent to Canada, and commanded the Massachusetts Levies for the Northern Army, arriving at Ticonderoga, August 12th, 1776. He was President of a Court Martial held at Albany, December 2, 177G, for the trial of Arnold, on complaint of Col. Hazen, (5 Am. Arch, iii, 1012). In September, 1777, he went as a volunteer with the company which marched from Haverhill to the Plains of Stillwater, under the command of Capt. Nathaniel Marsh, and arrived just after the cessation of arms had been declared. He was appointed (October, 1777,) one of Gen. Gate's Briga- diers, and commanded an escort of about five hundred militia, detached to » See page 392. 6'24^ HISTORY OF HAVERHILL. guard a division of Gen. Burgoyne's troops from Saratoga to Boston.""' In this expedition he incurred considerable expense, and when he laid his account before Congress, that body refused to remunerate him, because he was not then an officer of the army. He was chairman of the committee of the town of Haverhill in 1786, and drafted the reply to the town of Boston, addressed to all the towns in the State concerning the common interests of the country, which was char- acterized by the most ardent patriotism, and signal ability.f He was a member of the Constitutional Convention at Boston, in June, 1780 ; was chairman of several important committees in the town during the great struggle for Independence, and an active and influential member of most of them ; was moderator of the town meetings from 1780 to 1784, inclusive; and was chairman of the board of selectmen from 1779 to 1782, inclusive, during which time the board were also, ex-ojfficio, assessors and overseers of the poor. Gen. Brickett, or, as he was usually called by his townsmen, " Dr. Brickett," was highly respected by all who knew him, as a kind and skilful physician, an obliging neighbor, a genial compan- ion, a liberal and enterprising citizen, and a man of undoubted honor, patriotism, and integrity. He died December 9, 1818, aged 81 years. Brown, Henry Young, was born in Haverhill October, 1730, and died at Fryeburg, Me., October 15, 1796. He married Elizabeth Lovejoy, of Andover. Their only child who survived infancy was Elizabeth, (born 1757, died 1790,) who married Col. Joshua B. Osgood, senior, also a native of Haverhill, (bom 1753, died 1791). Captain Brown was a prominent and influential man. A Captain in the French War, he had granted him, by the General Court of Massachu- setts, a township of land adjoiniug Fryeburg, Maine, to which he gave his name — Brownfield. The limits of the town originally included a part of Fryeburg Village, and the Brown mansion was at the head of the Main Street, where his descendants still reside. He was one of the found- ers of Fryeburg Academy ; was a man of great energy, and public spirit, and has left a memory that will not soon die in that region of country. Chase, Aquila, mariner, said to have been from Cornwall, England, was in Hampton in 1640; he then married Anne, dauglfter of John Wheeler, formerly of Salisbury, England. He had a grant of four acres of laud at Hampton. His dwelling was near the landing. In 1646, he removed to Newbury, that town having " Granted to Acj[uilla Chase, anno 1646, four acres of land at the new towne for a house lott where it is to « See page 402. t See pnge 438. HISTORY OF HAVERHILL. 625 foe had, also on condition that he do go to sea, and do service in the towne with a boat for foure years."--^ There is a tradition in the family that he was the first person who brought a vessel over Newbury bar. The chil- dren of Aquila were Sarah, Anne, Priscilla, Mary, Aquila, Thomas, John, Elizabeth, Euth, Daniel, and IMoses. Aquila, sen,, died December 27, 1670, aged 52. His will is dated December 19, 1G70. His estate was inventoried at £336.14.3. John, son of Aquila, born November 2, 1655 ; the first Chase who set- tled in upper Newbury ; married, first, Elizabeth Bingley ; and, second, Lydia . His children were William, Phillip, Charles, Jacob, Abraham, John, Phebe, Mary, Lydia, Elizabeth, and David. David, born October 20, 1710, the eleventh, and probably youngest child of John (by his wife Lydia) married Sarah Emery, November 24, 1729, and had several children : — David, born December 1, 1730 ; Joshua, born October 21, 1733; Anthony, born December 6, 1735; Tristram, born January 23, 1737 ; Simeon, and three daughters. Anthony, son of the- above David, and who was a soldier in the expedi- tion to Cape Breton, married Abigail Woodman, of Newbury, June 29, 1758, and settled where Deacon Charles Coflan now lives, in East Hav- erhill. He pui'chased the water privilege and about two acres of land at that place, about a year previous to his marriage, and at once erected a clothing-mill and a dwelling-house. He subsequently erected a saw and grist-mill, and became in time a large land owner. His children were Eobert, 1759; Sarah, 1761; Eobert, 1763; Woodman, 1765; Stephen, 1767; Joseph, 1769; Abigail, 1771; John, 1773. He married, second. May 1, 1782, widow Sarah Swett, of Haverhill, by whom he had Nancy, 1784; and David, 1787. Joseph, son of Anthony and Abigail, born , 1769, married Debo- rah Williams, of Amesbury, born , 1763, and settled on the farm now owned and occupied by John B. Nichols, Esq., in East Haverhill. Their children were Nancy, born , 1793; Tappan, born May 22, 1795, died March 6, 1796; Mary, born August 14, 1797; Tappan, born Janu- ary 16, 1800; William, born March 10, 1802, died October 14, 1831. Joseph, the husband, died February 17, 1845; Deborah, the wife, died May 14, 1847. Tappan, son of Joseph and Deborah, was born January 16, ISOO, and married, September 14, 1825, Hannah, daughter of Col. John Johnson, of Haverhill, born July 8, 1S03, and settled on the farm above mentioned. Their children were George Wingate, born June 19, 1826 ; Abigail Johnson, «» Kewbury Town Records. 79 626 HISTORY OV HAVERHIIL. born April 23, 1828, died, unmarried, July 1, 1847 ; Matilda, Iborn Jan- uary 17, 1830, died May 7, 1834 ; Sarah, born February 14, 1832, died, unmarried, August 4, 1848 ; Matilda, born February 7, 1834, died, un- married, August 27, 1852; William, born December 27, 1835; Charles Tappan, born August 28, 1837, married, October 8, 1857, Charlotte Eliz- abeth Burr, born May 22, 1837, children, Emeline Frances, born August 4, 1858, Frederick Henry, born September 12, 1860; Emeline, bora July 23, 1841, died August 10, 1841. Deacon Tappan Chase died April 27, 1857. George Wingate, son of Tappan and Hannah, married, December 29, 1849, Frances A,, born June 9, 18^)0, daughter of Christopher Dyer, Esq., of New Sharon, Me. Children, Charles Dj^er, born November 16, 1850 ; Abigail Matilda, born June 19, 1853 ; Sarah Ann, born May 21, 1861. Cogswell, Nathaniel, Esq., son of Hon. Thomas Cogswell, was born ii^ Haverhill, January 19, 1773, graduated at Dartmouth College in 1794, studied with Ebenezer Smith, Esq., of Durham, N. H., and commenced the practice of the law in 1805. He soon after took the tour of Europe, returned, and, in 1808, established himself in Newburyport. He was appointed Aid to Major-General Brickett, afterward went to Mexico, where he became a General in the Spanish Patriot army, and died at the Eapids of Eed Kiver, in August, 1813, aged 40. Hon. Thomas Cogswell, son of Nathaniel and Judith (Badger) Cogs- well, was born in Haverhill, August 4, 1746. He was one of a family of nineteen children. At the age of 24, (February 26, 1770,) he was mar- ried to Ruth Badger, daughter of General Joseph Badger, of Gilmanton, N. H. He lived in -Haverhill, where he had three children, until the com- mencement of the Eevolutionary War, when he entered the army, and his wife and children went to reside with her father, in Gilmanton. He was out during nearly the whole war. He entered the service as Captain, and rose to the rank of Colonel. At the close of the war, he returned to Gilmanton, settled near his wife's father's, and was soon a prominent man in the town. He served as moderator, and frequently as selectman, and was one of the original trustees of the Academy. In 1784, he was appointed Chief Jus- tice of the Court of Common Pleas, which office he held till his decease, in 1810. He had eleven children, one of whom, Nathaniel, was the second graduate at Dartmouth ' from Gilmanton. Two other sons died in the army, during the war of 1812 : — Francis, who graduated at Dartmouth College, in 1811, and was a Lieutenant in the army, died at Plattsburgh, N. Y., December 8, 1812; and Thomas was killed at Chatteaugay, N. Y., MISTORr 0? HAVERHILT-. 627 Octolser 26, 1813. Judge Cogswell was twice a candidate for Eepresenta- tive to Congress. In September, ISOi, he donated $75 to the First Congi'egational Church in his town, for the purpose of purchasing a " sac- ramental service " for its use. After his decease, the church erected a large pair of grave-stones to his memorj. He died September 3, 1810, aged 64 years. His widow died October 16, 1839, aged 88 y^ars. Corliss, George, was born in England about the year 1617, and came to this country 1639. He married Joanna Davis, October 26, 1645 ; she came from that part of England called Wales ; they had one son and seven daughters. Corliss died October 19, 1686. He left an extensive farm in the west part of Haverhill, which he divided, by will, among his children, giving his home farm to his son John. To his daughter, Mrs. Mary Xeflr, he gave the farm one mile east of his home farm, being the farm where William Swasey now lives. Mrs. Ifeff was taken by the Indians with Mrs. Duston, and remained with her through the whole captivity. John, son of the above George, was born March 4, 1647, and married Mary Milford, December 17, 1684 ; they had four sons and two daughters. He lived and died on the same farm and over the same cellar where his father had lived and died. He died February 17, 1698, leaving the farm to his^ldest son, John. John, grandson of George, was born March 14, 1686, married Euth Haynes, of Haverhill, about 1711. They had thirteen children. He was' a man of large stature, more than six feet in height and well proportioned. He had a commanding voice, spoke loud and distinctly, and was often well understood at the distance of more than a mile. He died November, 1766. At his death, his son Joseph came into possession of the farm — - having previously received a deed of it from his father, who reserved a privilege in it for himself and wife. Joseph, son of the last named John, was born in 1724. He married Mary Emerson, February 19, 1746, and had seven children. He died November 3, 1762, leaving his farm to his sons, Joseph and Ephraim. Ephraim, son of Joseph, was born August 13, 1751. At the age of twenty-one, he came into possession of that half of the farm which his father left him, by will, and soon after, he purchased of his brother Joseph the remainder of the farm. At the age of twenty-five, he married Lydia Ayer, of Haverhill. Twelve days after his marriage, he joined a com- pany of militia, and served three months as a private soldier, travelling more than nine hundred miles that winter. He had three sons and two daughters, and died OctobeF. 25, 1824. 628 HISTORY OF nAVERHILt. Ephraim, son of Ephraim, was born March 13, 1782, married J'el)ra-' ary 21, 182G, had one son and two daughters, and died July 5,' 18r)8^ leaving his homo farm to his son, Cliarles, (of the seventh generation) who now lives on the farm inherited from his father, and the same that was first owned by George Corlisg, in IGIO. Duncan, George, son of George, (who lived an(i died in Ireland) came to this country with the early settlers of Londonderry, N. H., accompanied with his second wife, Margaret Cross, and his seven children. They were John, the eldest by a former marriage; and George, "William, Eobert, Abraham, Esther, and James, by the second marriage. James, son of the above George, married Elizabeth Bell, third daughter of John and Elizabeth Bell, and was a merchant in Haverhill, Mass. He died in 1818, aged 92 years. His wife died in , aged about 47 years. Their chiklren were, John, who died unmarried; Samuel, of Grantham, N. H.,who married a Miss Emerson, and had several children; Eobert, who was a Representative of Grantham, married a Miss Emerson, had a son, Samuel B., and died in 1S07 ; Abraham ; \Yilliam, who lived in Concord, N. H., married a Miss Harris, had a son James, and three daughters, and died about 17^5, (his widow removed to Ohio with her son James, and died in 1835) ; James, who married Rebecca "White, of Hav- erhill, and died January 5, 1822, leaving two sons, Col. Samuel W., who died October 21, 1824-, aged 34, and Hon, James H., who married Mary, daughter of Benjamin AVillis, of Boston ; Elizabeth, who married John Thaxter, Esq., of Haverhill, and afterward Joshua Carter, of Boston ; Margaret, who married Thomas Baldwin, D.D,, of Boston ; Mary ; and three others. Ho7i. James H. Duncan, was born in Haverhill, Mass., December 5, 1793. His father, James Duncan, Esq., was a prominent merchant, and a descendant of the colony of Scotch-Irish who settled Londonderry, N. H^ His mother, Rebeccah AVhite, was a descendant of William White, one of the first settlers of Haverhill. The subject of this sketch early mani- fested a love for books, and having passed the usual course of preparation at Phillips' Exeter Academy, entered Harvard University, in 1808, at the early age of fourteen. Notwithstanding his youth, he maintained a high rank in scholarship, and graduated in 1812, with an honorable part. Having pursued the study of the Law in the offices of Hon. John Varnunj, at Haverhill, and I-cverett Saltonstall, Esq., at Salem, he was admitted to the Essex Bar in 1815, and immediately entered upon the practice of his profession, in Haverhill, and continued in it with fidelity and success -^^-t^^l^^ <^i;^72^j=/ W^ '^'i. HISTOKY OF HAVERHIIL. 629 until he took Lis seat in Congress, in 1849, when lie resigned the active duties of the profession. A short time previous to his admission to the Bar, he was elected En- sign in the Haverhill Light Infantry Company, of which he was a member, and, passing through the various grades of militia service, he rose to the rank of Colonel, which office he held several years, and until he resigned his commission. Being extensively engaged in farming, in which he has always taken a lively interest, he was early elected a Trustee of the Essex Agricultural Society, of which he was also President from 1836 to 1839. On the formation of the National Eepublican party, in 1827, he was, by the united votes of the Federal and Democratic parties, elected to the House of Kepresentatives, and in the following year to the Senate, of which he continued a member three successive years, and until he declined a re-election, In 1837, and 1838, he was again elected to the House, and in the two following years to the Council of Massachusetts. On the adop- tion of the district system, in 1857, he was again elected to the House of Eepresentatives, where he at all times held an honorable and influential position. On the passage of a State Insolvent Law, in 1838, he was appointed one of the Commissioners in Insolvency ; and on the passage of the United States Bankrupt Law, in 1841, he was appointed Commissioner in Bank- ruptcy, which office he held until the law was repealed. In 1839, he was elected as delegate to the National Eepublican Conven- tion at Harrisburg, which nominated General Harrison for President. In 1848, he was elected to represent his disti-ict, — then the largest manu- facturing district in the LTnited States — in Congress, and was re-elected for a second term, in 1850. Having always manifested a lively interest in all literary and benevolent institutions, his education and character have marked him as a prominent member of many of them, particularly those of the Baptist denomination, of which he is a member. Since 1835 he has filled the office of Eellow of Brown LTniversity. Mr. Duncan is one of our largest, and most liberal, as well as enterpris- ing real estate owners, and has done much toward promoting the general business prosperity of the town. He has for many years resided upon the beautiful estate, corner of Main and Sumner Streets, originally owned by Moses B. Moody, Esq. The elegant mansion was designed by the celebrated architect, Haviland, and we believe there is but one other of the same style of architecture in the United States. 630 HISTORY OF UAVERUILL. Eames, Theodore, was a native of Haverhill, and a graduate of Yale College. He studied law in the office of Hon. Leverett Saltonstall, at Salem, and for several years successfully practised in that city. He after- ward, and for a number of years, was Principal in the Salem Grammar School. From Salem he removed to Brooklyn, N. Y., to take charge of a school in that city ; and was subsequently appointed Police Judge, which office he held at the time of his death, in 1847. He was a man of strict integrity, great energy, and universally resj^eeted. Eaton, Peter, .D.D., was a native of Haverhill; one of the early pupils at Phillips' Academy, at Andover, and a graduate of Harvard College of the class of 1787. After completing his professional studies at Haverhill, he was settled as pastor of the church in Boxford, in 1789, where he con- tinued to labor until his death, April 14, 1848, at the age of 83 years, and in the 58th year of his ministry. His erect and manly bearing ; his ardent piety ; his frank and cordial greeting ; his generous hospitality, and open-handed charity, will not soon be forgotton by the many who knew him and loved him. Emerson, Capt., Nehemiah, was a descendant of Michael Emerson, who settled in Haverhill in 1656, married Hannah Webster, and whose eldest daughter, Hannah, married Thomas Duston, of heroic memory. Mr. Emerson was one of those who " marched on ye alarm April 19, 1775." When the alarm reached Haverhill, he was at work on the roof of Deacon Dodge's house, corner of Main and Vestry Streets. He at once hurried home, changed his clothes, joined the company of Lieutenant Samuel Clements, and made all haste to the scene of action. Erom a private he gradually rose to the rank of Captain. He served through the whole of the war, visiting his home but once during the whole period.'-' He was at Bunker Hill ; at Valley Forge, during that memorable win- ter ; at Burgoyne's surrender ; and was one of the guards at the execution of Andre. His persevering patriotism, courage, and integrity, secured him the friendship and esteem of Washington, Lafayette, Kosciusko, and Steuben, the memory of whom was dearly cherished by him to the end of life. Several years after the war, as Mr. Willis of this town was walking through the grounds at Mt. Vernon, he met President Washington, who engaged in conversation with him. On learning that he was from Haver- hill, Washington enquired particularly about Captain Emerson, who, he observed, was "a brave officer, a good disciplinarian, and never lost his temper .^^ ° Four of his brothers, — Jonathan, Samuel, Nathan, and Moses, — were also in the army of the Revolution, \ 'nil ■•''(rs) ^^/£^^^7'v^:^M."^^r^^^^^^^^^-^ HISTORY OF HAVEKHILL. 631 Mr. Emerson settled on the old homestead, so long in possession of his family, -where he continued to reside until his death. He was a kind- hearted, gentlemanly man, not ambitious of Avorldly distinction, but honest and upright ; and his memory is cherished with respect. He died December 11, 1S32, aged 84 years. How, Datid, son of Deacon James How, was born in Methuen, Mass., in 1758. He was the third of a family of ten children, — six sons and four daughters. All the sons served in the Eevolution. Three of them were at the battle of Bunker Hill. David was a currier by trade, having learned the business while living with his grandfather (Farnham) at Andover, Mass. He was one of those who marched to Cambridge on the Lexington Alarm, and was also of the number that occupied Bunker Hill on the night of the 16th of June. On the day of the battle, he was stationed in the " fort," and thus took an active part in the struggle. Just at the close of the action, having dis- charged his gun, the soldier who stood at his side was shot down, when How seized his comrade's gun, " let fly" at the British, and under cover of the smoke, retreated from the fort. Air. How always gave a large part of the credit due for the glorious work of that day, to Col. Prescott. Many years after that eventful day, and bu£ a few months before his death, a person read to Mr. How an article from a Boston paper, relating to the battle, and asked his opinion of Gen. Putnam. He replied that he " never heard anything against him in the army." He was then asked what he thought of Col. Prescott. He answered, "had it not been for Col. Pres- cott there would have been no fight." ^ Pretending that he was not quite understood, the person repeated the question, but the answer was the same. Not yet satisfied, tne question was again pressed, when How arose from his chair, stood erect, and, raising his hand, exclaimed, with all the power of voice he could summon — (for some years his voice had been scarcely audible.) — "I tell ye that, had it not been for Col. Prescott, there would have been no fight. He was all night, and all the morning talking to the soldiers and moving about his short sword among them, in such a way, that they all felt like fight." On the 27th of the December following the above battle. How, then scarcely seventeen years of age, enlisted for the war. Though young, his spirit had already caught the true patriotic fire, and through all the long and arduous struggle, he never for a moment doubted the final result. He was at Haarlem Heights, and at Trenton. At the latter battle, he took from a Hessian soldier his gun and knapsack, both of which are still in the possession of his grandson, David W. Howe, of Brooklyn, N. Y. 632 HISTOBY OF HAVERHILL. After the close of the war, Mr. How went to New London, N. H., where he bought and partly cleared a lot of land, intending to settle upon it as a farmer. But his wife was so unwilling to remove thus far into the wilderness,'-' that he gave up the idea of becoming a farmer, and finally removed to Haverhill, where he commenced, in a very humble way, in the basement of a small shop on Water Street, the business of currying. His peculiar suavity of manner, strict integrity, industry, and Yankee pro- pensity to "trade and dicker," soon secured him a firm hold upon the business of the place. He gradually added a variety of other articles of trade to his little stock of leather, until in time he became the largest trader in the town. From his little shop on Water Street, he removed to a store near the west end of the Bannister Block, on Merrimack Street. Subsequently he built the block now occupied by John Davis, and Willett & Co., (next but one south of Mechanics' Court, west side of Main Street,) to which he removed. He occupied nearly the entire building, which was kept liter- ally filled with goods. Still later, he was instrumental in the erection of the pile of brick buildings extending from the bridge to the Essex Block, on Merrimack Street, and had charge of their erection. The two west stores were owned by him; the next two by James Duncan, Esq., and the rest of the block, to the toll-keeper's house on the bridge, was owned by Wm. B. Bannister, Esq., of Newbury port. Mr. How was among the first to engage in the wholesale manufacture of shoes in the town, and was the first one who manufactured them in large quantities, for a distant market. During the war of 1812, he sent a large lot of them to Philadelphia, by his own team, realizing a handsome profit on them. He was the first to keep on hand large quantities of leather, to exchange for shoes. Such was his interest in the business, and his energy and enterprise in carying it on, that he may almost be called the founder of the shoe business in this town. An idea of the large amount of business done by him may be judged from the fact that during the war of 1812, he was offered ^100,000, for the stock of goods he then had in his store, but refused. With his early love of farming, Mr. How invested largely in farming lands, and was at one time probably one of the largest laud owners in the County, if not in the State. Liberal minded and enterprising,f he ira- * His first wife wiis a Whittier, of Mefhuen ; his second, a daughter of Isaac Refldington, Esq., of Hav- erhill; and h'.a third, Sarah, daughter of Samuel White, Esq., also of this town. t Mr. How was the first one to introduce and advocate the use of plaster on lands. Td prove its efficacy, he caused it to bo sown in a peculiar manner, on the southerly side of Gulden Hill, and for months afterward, the mammoth " D U " etched in living green, proved to the passers-by its claims to confidence. HISTORY OF HAVERHILL. 633 parted a like spirit to his fellow-townsmen, the surpassing influence of which cannot be estimated. Thousands upon thousands of apple and pear trees, now in the full vigor of maturity, and yielding their ample crops of delicious fruit, ' are visible and tangible monuments of his enterprise and practical forethought. Through all the sixty years of his residence in this town, Mr. How commanded the unqualified respect and confidence of all who knew him. Mr. How was never an office-seeker, and therefore the fact that he represented his town in the General Court for twelve years, is ample proof of the confidence reposed in him by his fellow-citizens. During the early years of the Merrimack Bank, he was its President. He was a large owner in the Haverhill Bridge, and, indeed, was more or less connected with every worthy local enterprise of the day. His farming operations were never profitable, from the fact that he could not personally oversee such extensive operations, and at the same time carry on a large commercial business. For many years, he was a sort of " savings bank " for those of his towns- men, and others, who happened to have money that they did not wish to make use of for the time." Such were always glad to have him invest their money for them, and his simple promissory note was considered equally as secure as the best bank stocks of the present day. The knowledge on the part of those to whom he was thus indebted, that bis farms were rather a pecuniary damage to him, and that his liabilities were large, ultimately proved his misfortune. A rumor (unfounded, but equally fatal,) that he had recently become embarrassed by heavy losses, led to a sudden " run " upon him by these persons. Unable to meet the sudden torrent of demands, and refusing security, (never having done such a thing in his life ! ) suits were piled upon suits, and costs upon costs, until a large property was nearly consumed. It is a remarkable fact, that, at the time the panic occurred, not a dollar of the large property then in his hands was mortgaged ! Mr. How died February 9, 1842, in the 85th year of his age. Many yet living have ample cause to remember him with love and respect. To the poor, he was no ordinary friend. His hand was always open to their wants, and they never failed to find relief in his charities. His enter- prise furnished employment for many an humble individual, whose wages were regulated by no miserly standard. He was a " father of the town," in the highest sense of the title, and will long be remembered for his sterling worth. ° The first Bank in the town, was incorpor«ted in 1814. The Savings Bank was not established until 1829. 80 634 HISTORY OF HAVERHILI.. Isaac Redington How, son of David How, Esq., was bom in Haverhill, March 13, 1791. He graduated at Harvard ISIO, and after pursuing his legal studies with Hon. "William Prescott, of Boston, commenced his pro- fession at Haverhill, and 'acquired in it a highly respectable rank. But his taste and inclination led him, mainly, to literary pursuits, and he gradually avoided his practice in the law. He was a constant and severe thinker, and wrote much for the press. He was especially interested in whatever related to the mechanics and the arts, and in these matters his mind was far in advance of his age. He was never selfish or partizan in his character, or committed his conduct or opinions to the dictation of others, but aimed at truth, and the general good. He was a useful and respected citizen, and a high-minded, intellectual, christian gentleman. He died at Haverhill, January 15, 1860. Johnson, John, the first of this name who settled in Haverhill, was a son of William, a brick-maker of Charlestown, Mass. He came to Hav- erhill in the fall of 1657, with his wife, Elizabeth, who was a daughter of Elias Maverick, of Charlestovi^n, and one child, John, who was born August 3, 1657. He settled near the corner of what is now Main and Water Streets, and a part of his original house-lot is still in the posses- sion of his lineal descendants."' As a blacksmith's shop in those days was one of the most public places in a town, it is quite probable that his set- tlement in that place was a prominent reason why the principal business of the town became located in that vicinity. Besides the house-lot and other town accommodations given him, February 9, 1659, to encourage him to settle here, he bought parcels of land, at various times, until he became quite a large land-holder, but at the time of his death he bad sold aud given away to his children, all but about seventy-five to one hundred acres — some of which was situated in th6 town of Charlestown. Mr. Johnson was an active and useful citizen, and became the founder of one of the largest and most respectable families in this town. He represented the town in the General Court, in 1691 ; was one of the dea- cons in the church ; and an officer in the militia. At the terrible slaugh- ter of the inhabitants by the Indians, August 29, 1708, he was killed at his own house,' and buried in the old burying-ground, with the other offi- cers in the militia, near Mr. Eolfc, their pastor. Mr. Johnson was married three times, — first, to Elizabeth Maverick, October 15, 1656, who died March 22, 1673—1 ; second, to widow Sarah Gillo, of Lynn, March 3, 1674-5, who died July 24, 1676^at the time O Sec pajfc 83. HISTORY OF HAVERHILL. 635 iier tvrin-daughters were born ; and third, September 8, 1680, Katherine, widow of Jolm Maverick, and formerly Katherinc Skipper, of Boston> who was killed by the Indians- at the same time as was her husband. He had at least ten children: John, born Augusts, 1657; Elizabethj born November 18, 1659; Euhama, born September 10,1661; William born November 14, 1663; Sarah, born August 2, 1665; Euth ; Ruth, born February 14, 1669; Timothy, born June 31, 1672; and Mary and liebecca, twins, born July 17, 1676. Timothy, son of John, married Ann Maverick, and died September 21 ^ 1696, leaving one child, Elizabeth, who married Dr. Joshua Bailey, by whom she had Ann, Mary, Sarah, Elizabeth, Mary, Anna, (who was the first wife of Enoch Bartlett, by whom she had one child, Bailey, who was the Hon. Bailey Bartlett, =••) and Abigail, (who married Isaac Osgood, from Andovcr), yb/i«, . (a blacksmith, and who was also called Li-eut. Johnson,) son of John and Elizabeth (Maverick) Johnson, was also married three times, — first, to Mary Mousall, September 8, 16S0; second, to Lydia Clement, Pebruary 19, 1G89 ; and third, to Mary, daughter of a Joseph Johnson, May 17, 1697. He died March 9, 1723-^4. His children were — John, 1683 ; Thomas, 1685, (ancestor of most of the Johnsons of Haverhill and Bradford) ; William; Lydia, 1689 ; Nathaniel, 1691 ; Mary, 1693-4; Sarah, 1695-6; Elizabeth, 1699; Timothy, 1701; Rebecca; Maverick; Hannah, 1707 ; William, (who succeeded his father as blacksmith) 1709 , Abigail, 1711-12; Samuel, 1715-16. Thomas, son of John, Jr., and Mary (Mousall) Johnson, settled on the northeast side of Kenoza Lake, where Daniel Hoyt now lives, which farm was given him by his father. He married, first, Euth Bradley, November 13, 1706, who was killed by the Indians the same day ;f and second, Rachel Ordway, who died 1764. Mr. Johnson died July 22, 1754. His ten children were — Lydia, 1707; Euth, 1710; Daniel, 1711-12, who with his brother, Maverick, had the homestead; Maverick, 1714, one of <^ Hon. Bailey Bartlett married Peggy, daughter of John White, Jr., of this town, and had Anna B., born 1787, who is the widow of the Hon. Wm. Jarvis, of WeathcrsCeld, Vt. ; Elizabeth, 1780, married Hon. Joseph E. Spr.igue, of Salcm ; Margaret, 1790, married Dr. Rufus Longley, of Haverhill; Harriet died unmarried ; Sarah L., 1793, married Hon. J. E. Sprague above (for second wife) ; Bailey, 179-1:, now resides in Lawrence; Mass.; Katherinc, 179j; Edwin, 1790; Mary; Abigail 0., married Rev. Moses Kimball, of Weatherslield, Vt. ; Charles L., 1802; Mary A., 1804, married John Tenney, Esq., of Methuen, Mass. ; JFred. A. ; i'rancis, 180G ; and Louisa, 1809, who married Oliver Carleton, of Salem. t Mr. Johnson's grandfather was sluin in 1708, but the savages spared their infant, — which was prob- ably the same child that Mirick says was in the anns of its step-great-grandmother, when she was liilled. 636 HISTORY OF HAVERHILL. whose children was the late Col. John Johnson, of the Eocks' Village, who died 1861; Nathan, 1718; Peter, 1721, who settled near his father; Seth, 1723, who settled on the farm next south-west where Joshua Lake now lives ; Kachel, 1726; Anna, 1728, and Moses, 1730. Captain Daniel, son of Thomas and Rachel (Ordway) Johnson, mar-^ ried, first, April 3, 1734, Susanna Bixby, of Boxford, and second, Widow Susanna Russell, in 1779. He died in March, 1794. His children were — Deacon Elias, 1735, who built the house (1772) and settled on the place now owned by John B, Nichols, Esc[., and where his son Daniel afterward lived and died; Captain Timothy, 1737, an officer in the Revo- lution ; Lydia, 1739; Susanna, 1743; Mary, 1749; and Rachel 1753. Seth, son of Thomas and Rachel (Ordway) Johnson, married Hannah Greeley, March 25, 1756, and had seven children, viz. : Thomas, 1757 ; Thomas, 1760, who settled near Cottle's Ferry, where he erected and owned a grist-mill; Nathaniel 1762; Seth, 1764, settled in Campton, N. H. ; Nathaniel, 1767, who settled near Cottle's Ferry, and one of whose sons, Joseph, married Mary, daughter of Joseph and Deborah (Williams) Chase, of East Haverhill; John, 1772, a blacksmith, who finally settled in the village, and died September 3, 1843 ; and Benjamin, 1774. Deacon Thomas, son of Seth and Hannah (Greeley) Johnson, who set- tled near Cottle's Ferry, married Lydia .Noyes, of West Newbury, and died January 13, 1845. His children were Hannah, 1786 ; Frederick, October 26, 1789, who settled in West Bradford, and married Nancy, daughter of Joseph Chase-*; Nathaniel, 1794, a farmer in East Haverhill; Leonard, July 27, 1796, a shoe manufacturer, resides in Bradford; Fran- cis, 1798, unmarried; Louisa, 1804; Lucinda, 1806; and Mary Brick- ett, 1812. John, son of Seth and Hannah (Greeley) Johnson, married Sarah, daughter of Samuel and Sarah (Wingatc) Bradley, of Haverhill, August 27, 1795. She died September 26, 1831, aged 62 years and 11 months. Their children were, — Andrew, born October 7, 1796, married Ruth, daughter of Wm. Edwards, of Haverhill ; Samuel, born January 5, 1798, * The children of Frederick nnd Nancy Johnson, were, Leonard, born 1815, died nnmarried at Honoluin , Sandwich Islands, in 18o2; Wm. Fred, horn 1816, resides in Mnscatine, Iowa, married, first, Sarah Ann Vanderbuilt, and second, Sarah Troctor ; George, born October 14, 1818, an extensive shof-mannfacturer and dealer in leather in lioston, resides in Bra ford, who niaiTicd KnimaEldredgc Ho()g»kiiis, of Ncwburj- porj, and has Geo. Hazcn, born December n, 1848, Herbert Morris, born December 8, 18")0, Emma Ann, died young, Frederick Wm., born October 24, 18.J3, Helen Lonise, born July 7, I8J5, Alice Rebecca, born July 12, 1856, and Allan Macfarlaii, born January 13, 1800, died Augnst 22, 186(1; Ann Maria, born October 13, 1S2U, married John Girdler of Manchester, Mass., both deceased; Haze.n TK, born 1812, died 1839 ; James T., died young; Emeline L., born 1826, died 1841 ; Ahhy Hazeliine, born March 25. 1828, is Preceptress of Bradford Academy ; and Charles Everett, born November 1, 1830. Jf/./luffird-' liUz-Po'tpr^ fllSTORt OF HAVERHILL. 637 married, first, Sally, daughter of David Gleason, second, Abigail S. George* and third, Mary, widow of Samuel Eussell, and died November, 1845; Sally, born Februarys, 1801, died unmarried in 1822; Hannah, born July 8, 1803, married Tappan, son of Joseph and Deborah Chase; "Wash* ington, born August 22. 1805, a blacksmith,-' married Harriet, •widow of Samuel S. Burr, of Haverhill; Abigail, born February 14, 1808, died unmarried, August 29, 1841 ; Nathan, February 15, 1810, married first, Elizabeth H,, daughter of John "Whittaker, second, Abigail, daughter of Wyded Sawyer, and third, Lois Ann, daughter of Joshua Davis; and William, born January 10, 1813, married Maria L. Anderson, of Hamp- stead, N. H. Lo*iGLEY, Dk. Euftjs, was a native of Shirley, Mass. Having pur-» sued the. preparatory studies at Lawrence Academy, in Groton, he entered Harvard L^niversity, and remained there about two years, but left College, with a number of his Class, before he had completed his collegiate course. An Honorary degree was subsequently conferred on him by that InstitU" tion. Having completed a full course of medical studies, and received a medical degree from Dartmouth College, he commenced the practice of his profession in Haverhill, in 1812. His talent, manly bearing, and profes- sional ability, soon won the respect and confidence of the people, which he retained undiminished to the close of life. He was an eminently useful citizen, taking a lively interest in the well-being of the community, and his fellow-citizens were glad to place him in municipal offices whenever he would accept them. In politics, a decided and consistent yet liberal dis- ciple of the school of "Washington, he was always active and zealous in the support of the principles to which he was attached ; but although favorably known through the County, his professional engagements would not allow him to be a candidate for political office, except that he yielded to the wishes of the District and was chosen one of the Harrison Electors of President in 1840. Such was the confidence in his integrity and ability that a full share of the responsibilities of this community were devolved upon him. He was for many years President of the Savings Institution, and also of the Merrimack Bank, which latter office he held at his decease ; he was a prominent member of the Merrimack Lodge of Free-masons in this place, and was its Master from 1817 to 1826, and also from its re-organization, in 1852, to his death, in 1854. It may be mentioned, as a somewhat remarkable fact, in his forty-three years of pro- fessional experience, that his first patient in the town was also the last to • See page 88, ./ 638 niSTORY OF lIAVEfeHlLt. receive a professional visit from liim. Mr. Longley died March 12, 1854, Aged 06 years. Marsh. This is the name of an ancient family in the town, whose descendants have become numerous and gone out into every part of our wide land. Onesiphorus, who was the son of George Marsh who was admitted a "freeman" in the Mass. Colony, in 1635, and settled in Hingham, im- migrated to this town within ten years of its settlement. He located at what was long called " Marsh's Hill," a mile west of the village. He left at least three sons and two daughters, — -Onesiphorus, Jr., John, Thomas, Mary, and Abigail. 'J'homas died 1690, of — as it is called in the town records — the " Canada pox ; " the other children married and had large familes. John married, November 16, 1688, Lydia Emerson, a,nd had ten chil- dren: Elizabeth, born August 13, 1689 ; Sarah, born June 2, 1691 ; John, born August 19, 1693 ; Thomas, born October 23, 1695; David, born Jan- uary 21, 1098; Jonathan, born Jijne 15, 1700; Mehitabel, born July 20, 1702; Abigail, born May 28, 1705; Hiinnah, born November 27, 1707; and Ephraim, born April 2, 1710. Lydia, the wife of John, died in 1719, and he married widow Mary Eaton, in 1720. In 1721, he was chosen deacon of the First Parish Church, and died November 24, 1734. David, son of John, married Mary Moody, of Newbury, August 1722, and had twelve children : Elizabeth, born June 29, 1723; Mary, March 12, 1725; Judith, May 5, 1727; Cutting, March 20, 1728; David, March 27, 1731; Moses, February 9, 1732; Jonathan, May 25, 1735; Enoch, August 3, 1737; Nathaniel, December 31, 1739; John, Novem- ber 2d, 1743; Lydia, February 5, 1745; and Abigail, April 3, 1747. David, senior, was chosen deacon, instead of his deceased father, in 17374 and filled the office until his death, November 2, 1777. Mary, his widow, long survived him, and died May 12, 1794, in the 91st year of her age. This family presents a rare example of long life in all its members. The shortest lived one, Enoch, lived to be 68 years old ; and the average of the twelve was eighty-two years and one month. Perhaps the cause lay in the temperance, frugality, and industry, of which they were all bright examples. Their parents removed, about 1731, from Marsh's Hill to the village — to the site adjoining, on the north, the Centre Church, and still in possession of a descendant. jMoscs, son of David, married Eebckah Walker, February 6, 1759, and had twelve children: Lydia, born June 23, 1700, died aged 8 years; Moses, born December 21, 1701; Mary, born August 23, 1763; Lydia i^s^H "\ H, -"^Sn HISTORY OF HAVERHILL. 639 born July 28, 1765; David, born July 26, 1767; James, born October 6, 1769 ; Nathaniel, born August 11, 1771, died young; Nathaniel, born July 1. 177!^; Eebekah, born' February 1 1 , 1777; John, born February 10, 1780; Jonathan, born July 30, 1782; and Samuel, born January 19, 1786. Of this once numerous family, only Samuel, the youngest, sur- vives at the present; he resides in New York, and enjoys, amid active pursuits, comfortable health. The father died October 20, 1820, and the mother, January 15, 1823, the former aged 88, and the latter 84. Most of the children also lived to an advanced age. David, whose likeness is here inserted, copied from a portrait painted when he was about 77 years old, died August 30, 1854, in his 88th year. While he passed his long life in the humble paths of mechanical, mercantile, and agricultural occu- pations yet no one of the name is more worthy to be contemplated by his numerous relatives, as a model of every virtue. Many, on seeing the likeness, will recall pleasant recollections of events long since passed away. In partnership with his brother, John, he did business for nearly fifty years on Merrimack Street, in a store on the river-side, just east of the residence of John Plummer, while their residences were on the opposite side of the street — the fifth and sixth houses from Little Eiver. There they manufactured hand-cards for carding wool, before machines for that purpose, driven by water, were introduced here. After their introduction, and during the second war with England, they began to make the machines also, and the cards with them. They made, probably, the first carding machine used in this part of the country, for Mr. Marl and, of Andover, and under his direction. Subsequently, they sent many into New Hamp- shire and Maine. They were engaged, too, for some years, in the earlier stage of the business here, in the manufacture of shoes. And, in the long course of their business, the example of David and John Marsh became proverbial, not only for the fairness of their dealings and their promptness to meet all obligations, but likewise for the brotherly kindness which marked their intercourse with each other. Merrill, Hon. James Gushing, son of Eev. Gyles Merrill, was born in Haverhill, September 27, 1784, and graduated at Harvard College in 1807. He settled in Boston as a lawyer, and was afterward Judge of the Police Court in Boston. He married, November 28, 1820, Anna, daugh- ter of Dr. Nathaniel Saltonstall, by whom he had four children. Judge Merrill died October 4, 1853. His widow still resides in Haverhill. MiNOT, Hon. Stephen was born in Concord, Mass., September 28, 1776, and graduated at Harvard College, in 1801. He studied law with 640 HISTORY OF HAVERHILL. Hon. Samuel Dana, of Groton, and was admitted to the Middlesex bar, in 1804, He practiced his profession about one year in New Gloucester, and Minot, Me., and then removed to Haverhill,' where he continued to reside until his death, April 6, 1861. In 1810, he purchased a water privilege at Methuen village, and soon after erected the first cotton mill at that place, which he continued to operate for several years. He was at one time County Attorney for Essex, and was Judge from 1811 to 1820. His mind was clear in its perception and logical in its conclusions. Firm in purpose, exact and punctual in method and habits, of strict integ- rity, fearless in spirit, he was ever prompt to say or do whatever his judgment approved. He was a liberal supporter of the institutions of religion, whose ministrations he attended with great regularity, as long as his infirmities would admit. Of great regularity and temperance in his manner of life ; in his private relations, a true, affectionate, generous friend. In conversation, he was genial, and rich in anecdote. During the latter part of his life, having withdrawn from professional labors, he spent much of his time in mathematical studies, in which he took great delight, and in reading the Latin classics. The late George Minot, Esq., a sound and able lawyer, of Boston, author of Minot's Digest, a work well known to the profession, was his youngest son. MooERS, GE>f. Benjamin. As Gen. Mooers was a native of Haverhill, we copy the following obituary notice of him from the Plattsburg (New York) Whiff, of the 24th February, 1838: — "Died in this village, on the 20th inst., Major General Benjamin Mooers, in the 80th year of his age. The venerable man whose loss the public are called to mourn, was born in Haverhill, Mass., April 1st 1758 — and consequently would have been, had he lived to the first of April next, eighty years old. In 1776, when he was eighteen years of age, he entered the army as a volunteer. In the summer of this year,' he was at Ticonderoga, at which place he read, for the first time, the Declaration of Independence, adopted by Congress on the 4th of July of that year. In the winter following he was appointed ensign in the 1st Congress Eegiment, or as it was usually termed 'Con- gress' own.' This was a favorite regiment, made up mostly of Canadian refugees — said to be as brave and gallant a corps as any in the army. This regiment was commanded by Col Moses Hazen,"- a gallant ofiicer, who subsequently rose to the rank of Brigadier, but retained through the war the Colonelcy of his regiment of ' Congress' own.' Ensign Mooers was soon after promoted to the rank of Lieutenant and Adjutant of the Also a native of Hftverhill. HISTORY OF HAVERHILL. 641 a*egiment in which capacity he served until the end of the war. The regi- ment to which he was attached was not an idle one in the great struggle which was then going on, and consequently Adj't Mooers saw much mili- tary service. Besides various other active duties, he was present at the surrender of Gren. Burgoyne at Saratoga, and at the siege of Yorktown, and at the surrender of Lord Cornwallis. At the close of the war in 1783, he, with two other officers and 8 privates of his regiment (now disbanded) left the head quarters, at New- burgh, and came to this country, then a perfect wilderness. There was not at this time a civilized inhabitant within the borders of this county. Gen. Mooers has been a citizen of this county ever since he first landed, now nearly fifty years." He was the first Sheriif of this county — and represented the County in the Assembly of this State four terms. He has also served four years in the Senate of this State, and was chosen President pro tern of that body. He became an officer in the militia at an early day, and finally rose to the rank of Major General, in which capacity he was in the service of the United States in 1812; and, with the detached militia, commanded at the siege of Plattsburg in 1814:, with so much credit to himself as to merit the commendation of the legislature of his state, and the presenta- tion of a sword. For thirty-eight successive years Gen. Mooers was the treasurer of the County. In all the charitable and benevolent institutions of the day, General Mooers was always conspicuous — - was President of the Clinton County Bible Society, and of the County Temperance Society. General Mooers sustained all the relations of life without reproach. As a citizen his example is worthy of all imitation. As a husband, father, neighbor or friend, he was kind and affectionate, but just. As a subject of the laws of his country, he obeyed with alacrity all their obligations, moral, civil and social. As a military man, he combined the rare qualifi- ications of moderation and firmness. In his civil employments, he always acted with sound judgment and uncompromising principle ; and he never failed to secure the good will of those with whom he acted, or of his con- stituents." Newell, Harriet. Harriet Atwood, afterward Mrs. New«ll, was a daughter of Moses Atwood, an extensive and respected merchant of Hav- erhill, where she was born October 10, 1793.=-'-= Of a cheerful disposition " The house in which she first saw the light is still standing, and is the one next west of the Firet Parish Church. It is partly occupied by Robert Willis, Esq., whose wife is a sister of Harribt Newell. 81 642 HiSTOEY OF HAVERHILt. and ardent feelings, she early manifested a strong love of books, and at thirst for mental improvement. In the summer of 1808, she attended Bradford Academy, aod while there, a powerful religious awakening, in which she was a participant, visited the school. During that revival, the subject of our sketch became hopefully pious, and engaged in the work of her Master with all the ardor for which she was so greatly distinguished a few years subsequently. In the fall of 1810, when she had just completed her seventeenth year, her attention was first turned to the subject of missionary labor among the heathen. Under date of October 10, of the above year, she thus writes : — " A female friend''-' called upon us this morning. She informed me of her determination to quit her native land for ever, to endure the sufferings of a christian amongst heathen nations, to spend her days in India's sul- try clime. How did the news affect my heart ! Is she willing to do all this for God ; and shall I refuse to lend my little aid, in a land where divine revelation has shed its brightest rays ? I have felt more, for the salvation of the heathen, this day, than I recollect to have felt through my whole past life." A few days later, she had her first interview with her future companion in life. She thus speaks of it : — " Oct 23, Mr M introduced Mr Newell to our family. He appears to be an engaged christian. Expects to spend his life in preaching a Savior to the benighted pagans." (Eev. Samuel Newell was a graduate of Harvard College, and pursued his studies for the ministry, at Andover. In June, 1810, he and four other young men,f consecrated their future labors to the cause of foreign missions, and offered their services for this object to the General Associa- tion of Massachusetts, then in session at Bradford. This offer led to the establishment of the "American Board of Commissioners for Foreign Missions," under whose direction they placed themselves.) In the following April, Miss Atwood received a formal proposal from Mr. Newell to become his wife, and with him devote her life to missionary labor. The letter called for an immediate answer. She was then in Bos- ton, but immediately hastened home, to ask a mother's advice. Of the interview, she thus writes: — " Dejected and weary, I arrived at the deaf mansion where I have spent so many happy hours. My dear mother met me at the door with a countenance that bespoke the tranquility of her mind. ■•' '■' '-= " =•' With tears in her eyes, she said ' If a convictiou <» Miss Nancy Haseltine, afterward Mrs. Judson. •f Adoniram Judson, Jr., Samuel Nott, Jr., Samuel J. Mills, and Hall. HISTORY OF HAVERHILL. 643 of duty, and love to the souls of the perishing heathen, lead you to India, as much as I love you, Harriet, I can only say, Go.' " She accepted the proposal. After a few months' preparation, the hour of her final departure drew near. On the 6th of February, 1812, the missionaries were ordained at Salem ; on the 9th of the same month, she was married to Rev. Samuel Newell," and ten days afterward, Mr. and Mrs. Newell, and their mis- sionary associates, Mr. and Mrs. Judson, sailed from Salem, in the Cara- van, for Calcutta. After a tedious voyage, they arrived at Calcutta on the 17th of the fol- lowing June. They found the East India Company violently opposed to missions, and within a short month were " ordered by the government to leave the British territories, and return to America immediately." The captain of the Caravan was refused a home clearance for his vessel, un- less he engaged to take the missionaries with him. Finally, after many trials, and perplexities, they obtained liberty to go to the Isle of France, where they heard the English governor favored missions, and where there was a large field of labor. They embarked on the 4th of August. The next day Mrs. Newell was ill of a fever, but after a few days recovered, and again enjoyed a fair degree of health. After nearly a month of contrary winds and bad weather, during which but little progress was made, the ship sprung a-leak and put about for the nearest port, which happened to be Coringa, a small town on the Coromandel coast. Four days before their arrival at that port, Mrs. Newell was again prostrated by sickness, but after a fortnight's rest, she so far recovered as to be able to re-embark. Three weeks after leaving the port, she gave birth to a daughter. Four days later, in con- sequence of a severe storm, the " little Harriet " took cold, and the next day expired in its mother's arms. In a few days, the symptoms of that dread disease which numbers so many among its victims, and which had already claimed her father and several of her family connexions, made their appearance, and she gave up all hope of recovery. On the 31st of October, they came to anchor in the harbor of Port Louis. Her husband in a few days rented a small house in a healthy part of the town, and removed her, but her symptoms became worse, and she continued to fail. On Monday, the 30 th of November, 1812 ; at the early o From the Merrimack Intelligencer of February 15, 1S12, we copy the following : — " Married, at Bradford, Rev. Adouiram Judson, missionary to India, to Miss Nancy Haseltine. In this town, Rev. Bamuel Newell, missionary to India, to Miss Harriet Atwopd." 644 HISTORY OF HAVERHILL, age of 19 years and two months; she ealmly fell asleep, and was hnrie^ at that port. A marble monument has since been erected over her grave, with the following inscription : — " Sacred to the memory of Mrs Harriet Atwood, wife of Kev. Samuel Newell, missionary at Boinbay. Born, Haverhill, Mass., U. S. A., Oct. 10, 1793. Died, after a distressing voyage from India to this place,. November 30, 1812. Early devoted to Christ, her heart burned for the Heathen ; for them she left her kindred and her native land, and wel- comed danger and sufferings. Of excellent understanding, rich in accomp- lishments and virtues, she was the delight of her friends, a crown to her husband, and an ornament to the Missionary cause. Her shoi-t life was bright, her death full of glory. Her name lives, and in all Christian lands is pleading with irresistable eloquence for the heathen. This hum- ble monument to her memory is erected by the American Board of Commissioners for Foreign Missions." Peaslee, Joseph, came from England, and settled in Newbury, Mass. He was made a freeman in 1642, and removed to Haverhill before 1646. For a time he supplied the place of a minister in Amesbury, as a lay preacher, a " gifted brother," as the church records call him, and occa- sionally, he practiced medicine. His wife's name was Mary. He died in 1661, leaving two children, Joseph and Elizabeth. Joseph, Jr., was born at Haverhill, September 9, 1646, and died Nov- ember 5, 1723. He was a physician, and married Euth Barnard. Col. Nathaniel Peaslee, of this town, was his son, and was born June 25, 1682. The latter married for his first wife, Judith Kimball, by whom he had Hannah, born May 1, 1703, married Joseph Badger, a merchant of Hav- erhill, and was the father of Gen. Joseph Badger, of Gilmanton, N. H. : Susanna, bom May 10, 1712, married Kev. Christopher Sargeant, of Methuen, who was the father of the Hon. Nathaniel Peaslee Sargeant, Chief Justice of the Supreme Court of Massachusetts. Col. Peaslee's wife died August 15, 1741. He married for a second wife, Abiah Swan, of Methuen, by whom he had one child, Abigail. The latter married Humphrey Moody, of Haverhill, the father of William, a graduate of Dartmouth College. For her second husband, Mrs. Moody married Gen. James Erickett, a physician of distinction. Gen. Brickett married, for his third wife, Mrs. Martha Hutchins, whose maiden name was Greelee. Col. Nathaniel Peaslee was a merchant, and a large land-owner, and a prominent man in the town. HISTORY OF HAVERHILL. 645 Saltonstall, Hon. Gurdon, eon of Nathaniel, was born in Haverhill, March 27, 16G6, and graduated at Harvard College in 1684, where he was distinguished as a profound scholar, and gave promise of his future greatness. In May, 1688, he received a unanimous call to settle as pastor of the church in New London, Conn., which call he accepted, and was or- dained November 19, 1691. He was in person tall and .well proportioned, of dignified demeanor, of eminent intellectual endowments and acquire- ments, and a graceful and impressive elocution. He was an advocate of vigorous ecclesiastical authority, always striving to exalt the ministerial office, to maintain its dignity, and to enlarge the powers of ecclesiastical bodies ; which gave him unbounded popularity among his clerical brethren. He soon became a celebrated preacher, and so rapid was the growth of his reputation, that, in 1707, upon the death of Fitz-John Winthrop, he was chosen Governor by the Legislature. So great was the respect for his character, that " the Assembly repealed the law which required that the Governor should always be chosen from among the magistrates in nom- ination, and gave liberty for the freemen to elect him from among them- selves at large. Mr Saltonstall accepted of the appointment, and entered upon the duties of his office, January 1, 1708. He was continued in the office until his death, which was very sudden, on the 20th September, 1724. Hon. JRichard Saltonstall ^as horn in Haverhill, June 24, 1703, and graduated at Harvard College in 1722. In 1726, (at the age of 23 years) he was commissioned as Colonel ; and was appointed Judge of the Supe- rior Court, in 1736, at the age of 33 years. He was for several years one of His Majesty's Council. He "was a man of talents and learning; was distinguished for generous and elegant hospitality, and for his boun- tiful liberality to the poor. His address was polished, affable and win- ning, his temper was gentle and benevolent, and he enjoyed the love and esteem of all." He married, first, January 6, 1726, Abigail, daughter of Eichard Waldron ; second, March 4, 1740, Mary, daughter of John Jekyll, Esq., of Boston; third, Mary, daughter of Elisha Cooke Jr., Esq., of Boston. His children were — Abigail, married Col. George Watson, of Plymouth ; Elizabeth ; Eichard, the loyalist ; William ; William ; Nathaniel, physician, of Haverhill ; Mary, married Eev. Moses Badger ; Middlecott Cooke ; and Leverett, a Captain under Cornwallis. Judge Saltonstall died October 20, 1756, after a long illness, and in the 54th year of his age. 646 HISTORY OF HAVERHILL. Gol. Richard Sakonstall was tte eldest son of Judge Eichard Sal- tonstall, of Haverhill, where he was born, April 5, 1732. He gradu- ated at Harvard College in 1751. He was appointed Colonel of the regiment at the early age of twenty-two years, and was the fourth of the family in succession who held the office of Colonel. In the rank of Major, he was engaged in active service in the French War on Lake George, and belonged to that body which capitulated at Fort William Henry, August 9, 1757. When the Indians fell upon the unarmed pris- oners, he fled to the woods, and very narrowly escaped death in that horrid massacre. He commanded a regiment from 17G0 until the end of the war. Soon after this, he was appointed High Sheriff of the County of Esssex. Col. Saltonstall was a firm loyalist, and uniformly opposed the measures taken in opposition to the royal government. He deemed the proceedings of the British Parliament extremely inexpedient, but he never doubted their right to tax their American Colonies. In the autumn of 1774, he fled to Boston, and soon afterward embarked for England. He refused to enter the British service, lest he should be directed to act against his native country. The King, nevertheless, granted him a pension, and he never returned to America. Col. Saltonstall resided upon the family estate in Haverhill, in a liberal and hospitable manner. He was characterized by integrity, frankness, a benevolent disposition, polished manners, and a superior understanding and knowledge of the world, which made him much beloved, and gave him great influence. He died unmarried, October 6, 1785, at Kensington, Eng- land, where there is a monument erected to his memory. Dr. Nathaniel Saltonstall, son of Judge Richard, was born in Haver- hill, February 10, 1746. At the age of ten years, upon the decease of his father, he was received into the family of his uncle, Meddlecott Cooke, Esq., of Boston. He graduated at Harvard College, in 1766, and settled in Haverhill, where he devoted his life to the practice of medicine. His classical education and general intelligence, his eminent professional skill, and conscientious discharge of duty, his gentle manners and kind disposition, and his strong attachment to the liberty and independence of his country, acquired for him great respect in the community, and the affection and entire confidence of his patients. He was remarkable for his humane and assiduous attention to the poor, consoling them by his friendly, cheerful demeanor, and by the medicines and other necessaries which he freely supplied, without the prospect of any pecuniary remuner- ation. HISTORY OF HAVERHILL, 647 At a time when all bis brothei-s, and brothers-in-law, adhered to those principles of loyalty in which they had been educated, Dr. Saltonstall remained true to those principles of civil liberty and humanity which he inherited from his worthy ancestor, Sir Eichard Saltonstall, and his not less worthy son, Richard, of Ipswich. He was a firm and self-sacrificing patriot. This conscientious adherence to his principles separated him for- ever from those he most loved. It was to him a severe trial, and gave the strongest proof of his sincerity, and the strength of his principles. These had probably been much invigorated by his training in the patriotic Cooke family. He died May 15, 1815, aged 65. Hon. Leverett Saltonstall, eldest son of Dr. Nathaniel, of Haverhill, was born June 13, 1783, prepared for College at Phillips' Exeter Acad- emy, entered Harvard University, in 1798, at the early age of 15, and was graduated with distinction, in 1802. He began the study of the law with Ichabod Tucker, Esq., then of Haverhill, who subsequently, for many years, was Clerk of the Courts in Essex County ; and completed his legal studies under the direction of the late learned and lamented Hon, William Prescott, of Salem. He entered upon the practice of his profes- sion in his native town, in 1805, but in May, 1808, removed to Salem, Mass., where the remainder of his life was passed, and became distin- guished as an advocate. He was early called upon to take part in the public councils ; was a member, at various times, of the Massachusetts House of Eepresentatives ; President of the State Senate, in 1831 ; first Mayor of the city of Salem; Eepresentative to Congress; President of the Bible Society, of the Essex Agricultural Society, and of the Essex Bar ; a prominent member of various literary and scientific institutions, and of the Board of Overseers of Harvard College, from which institution he received, in 1838, the honorary degree of Doctor of Laws. He ever cherished an ardent affection for the places of his education, and in his will he made a bequest of books to the library of the Exeter Academy ; and a legacy to Harvard College, to increase the fund long before be- queathed to it by his ancestors. He attended every annual Commencment of his Alma Mater,' except two, from the time he graduated until his death. As a public man, Mr. Saltonstall was an effective debater, a pleasing and favorite speaker, in politics a Whig, inflexible in his principles, unwaver- ing in his course, and unstained by a single suspicion of vacillation or inconsistency. He was in every sense " a true son of Massachusetts," and his death was mourned as a public bereavement. He died May 8, 1845. ^48 HISTORY OP HAVERHILL. Sargeant, Hon. Nathaniel Peaslee, was a son of Eev. Christophey Sargeant, tlie first minister in Metliuen, Mass. His mother was a daughter of Nathaniel Peaslee, Esq., of Haverhill. He received his public education in Harvard College, where he was graduated in 1750, and soon after commenced the practice of law in this town. He had the character of an able and honest attorney, though never distinguished at the bar as an advocate. He possessed sound judgment, and excellent learning, and but few men were more respected for integrity, and uniformity of conduct. He may justly be ranked among the patriots of 1770 and 1775, He was not, perhaps, so ardent as some others ; but he was decided in support of civil freedom, and could always be depended upon, as a prudent and effi- cient supporter of the ancient privileges and rights of the colonies. Mr. Sargeant was a delegate from this town to the Provincial Congress, which met at Cambridge, in February, 1775 ; and, in 1776, was a member of the House of Kepresentatives. In both of these bodies he was a prominent working member, and was frequently placed on the most important com- mittees. After the Constitution of Massachusetts was adopted, in 1780, he had a seat on the bench of the Supreme Judicial Court ; and on the appoint- ment of William Cushing, to be a Judge of the Supreme Court of the United States, Mr. Sargeant was made Chief Justice. As a Judge, he won the respect and commendation of all, for his ability, integrity, and impartiality. He died in 1792. Sibley, Jacob, (born May, 1746, died June 25, 1831, at Hopkinton, N. H.,) married Anna, daughter of Gideon George, a shoemaker and far- mer of East Haverhill, Mass., whose wife, a Jewett, came to this country when fourteen days old. She was born September 11, 1749, and died September 20, 1828. After their wedding they rode on one horse from Haverhill to his sister Stevens', on Sugar Hill in Hopkinton; whence, there being no road, they walked two miles in a narrow path, through the woods, to their humble dwelling, driving before them a little spotted pig. Her "fitting out" consisted of three white cups and three saucers, three knives, three forks, one coverlet made of hair and tow, and one of wool. In 1774, they took a journey, on horseback, to Haverhill and Stratham, and back ; the mother seated behind the father, who carried his only child in his arms before him. In 1776, Mr. Sibley was in the military at Ports- mouth, and worked on Fort Constitution. While there, his wife, besides attending to her domestic duties and taking care of her two children, hoed three acres of corn upon burnt land. This was a few months before the HISTORY OF HAVERHILL. 649 Mrth of her third child. In the latter part of her life, her physical strength gradually failed, till she lost entirely the power of locomotion. She left ten children. — From Sibley's Hist. Union, Me. Smiley, De. David, was born in Haverhill, Mass., April 10, 1760. At an early age, he was bound an apprentice to a Mr. Hale, in this town, a shoemaker. He continued to work with his master till his seventeenth year, when he enlisted in the American army. He was stationed at Winter Hill for three months, the period of his enlistment, when he re- turned home. He afterward enlisted again, and was at Stillwater, "West Point, and in New Jersey. He was finally placed in command of a small guard on Fishkill Mountains, where he remained until his term of service expired. In returning to Haverhill, he walked, in company with five others, sixty miles in one day, and spent the greater part of his wages, in the depreciated currency of the country for his day's food. In 1782, he married Rachel Johnson, of the East Parish in this town, and in the same year moved to Peterborough, N. H., where he worked at his trade for about two years. In 1784:, he moved to Alstead, N. H. Two years later, he purchased a small farm in the northeast part of Peterborough, where he immediately moved. In 1793, he began the study of medicine, with Dr. Stephen Jewett, of Rindge, N. H. His practice commenced almost simultaneously with his studies, and for many years he had a large prac- tice. His ride extended into all the neighboring towns, and not unfre- •quently into more distant town3 in other counties. Though not a regularly educated physician, he enjoyed the confidence of many of the most intelli- gent families, and commanded the respect of all who knew him. He resided on his farm until the death of his wife, in 1 842, when he went to live with his son in the village of the same town. He gave up the labo- rious duties of his profession only when compelled to do so by the infirmities of age. He died at the same place, October 3, 1855, aged 95 years and nearly six months. Varnum, Hon. John, was born in Dracut, in 1778, graduated at Har- vard College, in 1798, and entered the office of Judge Smith, of Exeter, as a student. In 1802, he came to Haverhill, and commenced the practice of the law. He was highly successful. Liberal to a fault, warm-hearted and gentlemanly in his profession, he usually had the satisfaction of con- ducting his cases without giving ofience to either party. He was of the Federal school of politics. In 1811, he was elected to the Senate, and in 1826, he was elected to Congress from the Essex North District. He wag ffe-eleeted in 1828. During this period he was associated in business with 82 650 HISTOBY OP HATERHILl. Isaac E. Howe, Esq. After he returned from Congress, he removed to Lowell, and from thence to Niles, Michigan, where he died July 23, 1836, after a short illness. He married, Octoher 9, 1606, Mary Cooke, daugh- ter of Dr. Nathaniel Saltonstall, of Haverhill, by whom he had three sons. White, Hon. Leonard, was a native of Haverhill, a direct descendant of William White,- one of the first company of settlers in Haverhill, and the Eev. George Phillips, the first pastor of Watertown. He took his christian name from his maternal grandfather, the Eev. Nathaniel Leon- ard, of Plymouth, who was a descendant of James Leonard. His grand- father, Leonard, married the daughter of Daniel Eogers, of Ipswich ; was the Eegister of Probate for this County for twenty years, and a practicing physician, who, on his return from a visit, was bewildered in a snow-storm and perished. Mr. White was the class-mate and friend of John Quincy Adams, and they were, before going to college, fellow-students with the Eev. Mr. Shaw, of Haverhill. They were of the class of 1789, at Har- vard College. At the period of his college life, every freshman had his patron, selected by himself, in the senior class ; and Mr. White was the patron of President Quincy. Mr. White married early, Mary, the eldest daughter of Hon. Tristram Dalton, and the grand-daughter of " King " Hooper, of Marblehead. By this marriage he had a numerous family. This lady died some ten years previous to Mr. White, and he afterward married Mrs. Cummings. Perhaps no man ever lived more distinguished for fidelity to every trust and punctuality in the performance of every duty. He was for many years Town Clerk and Treasurer, and represented his town in the Legisla- ture, and his District in Congress, from 1811 to 1813, At this period, the Merrimack Bank was incorporated, and he became its first cashier, which office he held, with unsullied reputation, for a quar- ter of a century, and until the infirmities of age rendered repose from its arduous duties necessary. He was a real gentleman of the old school, of the kindest and most cheerful disposition. He was a member of the Bap- tist Church, and his old age was cheered by the benignant light and cheering hopes of the gospel, in which he was a firm believer, and an humble and faithful follower. Modest, retiring, and unassuming, he en- joyed the most unbounded confidence and trust in his integrity. For the last two years of his life, he declined, under the repeated attacks of paraly- sis, and his death was as quiet and undisturbed as an infant's sleep ; and on his tomb-stone maybe most emphatically inscribed — "Here lies an honest man." He died October 10, 1849, aged 82 vears. oJ^i^yi^CZ^J/^^'^^ aiSTORT OF HAVERHILL. 651 WoODBRTDGE, Benjamin, who married Mary, the daughter of Eev. Jolin Ward, (sec page 168) was probably a son of John Woodbridge, who was born in Stanton, Wiltshire, in 16.13, came to New England in 1634:, and to Newbury in 163.3. The latter married Mercy Dudley, daughter of Gov. Thomas Dudley, and died March 17, 1695. He was town register of Newbury, in 1636, r 652 HISTORY OP HAVEHHILIfc. CHAPTEE XXXI. MISCELLANEOUS. Newspapers. — The first newspaper published in this town, was the " Guardian of Freedom. Printed and published every Friday morning, by E Ladd and S Bragg, in Haverhill (Massachusetts,) 9s. pr. ann." The first number was issued September 6, 1793. It contained sixteen columns of print, each fifteen and one-half inches long and two and one- quarter inches wide, nearly all of which was in small pica type. At first, the paper hardly contained a " stickful " of advertisements, and it was nearly two years before they had increased so as to occupy one whole column. In politics, the paper was classed as Federal. The publication day was changed in a few weeks, to Mondays, and still later, to Thurs- days. ••^ May 10th, 1791, (vol. 1, No. 29,) Eliphalet Ladd assumed the sole proprietorship of the paper. On the 29th of the same month, (vol. 1, No. 35,) he was succeeded by Samuel Aiken, who, four weeks after- ward, (June 26th, vol. 1, No. 40,) transfen-ed his interest to Benjamin Edes, Jr. In 1798, the above paper was discontinued, but was soon succeeded by another, styled the Impartial Herald. This enjoyed an existence of only two years, however, when it, in turn, was allowed to die, for want of support. In November, 1800, Tlie Observer was started, by Galen H. Fay. This was continued until December 4, 1804, when the establishment was sold to Francis Gould, who changed the name of the paper to Haverhill Museum. The Museum was published two years, (until November 22, 1806, — just two volumes,) when it was discontinued, for want of sup- port. The printing office, however, was not abandoned. - The first newspaper publi she I in America, was the Boston Aeivs Letter, April 21, 1704. In 1771, there were but twtnty-five published in America. The first published in this county, was the Essex Gazette, at ijalem, in 1768. The first printing-press in the country, was established at Cambridge. Hass., in 1639. HISTORY OF HAVERHILL. 653 In 1808, Wm. B. Allen, who had succeeded Gould in the printing busi- ness, commenced the publication of a paper, styled the Merrimack Intelligencer. In February, 1812, Mr. Allen formed a partnership with his brother, and the paper was published by the firm of Wm. B. & H. Gr. Allen. August 1, 1813, the senior member of the firm disposed of his entire interest to his partner, who continued the paper until the following January, (January 1, 1814,) when he sold out his paper, printing-office, and book-store, to William Greenough and Nathan Burrill.'-' Mr. Burrill was a book-binder, and the first one in the town. He removed here, and commenced the business, in February, 1809. Mr. Greenough was a printer, and removed his printing-office from Boston to Haverhill, on the breaking out of the War of 1812. November 5, 1814, Mr. Greenough sold out his interest to Thomas Tileston, who had been his apprentice, and the three branches of business were carried on, under the style of Burrill & Tileston, until January, 1818, when the partnership was dissolved, and the property divided. The Intelligencer had never paid its cost, and when the above firm dissolved, it was made over to Peter W. Green, (afterward Nathaniel Green) as a gift. Mr. Tileston went to New York, where he founded one of the earliest and largest wholesale shoe-houses in that city — that of Spofi'ord & Tileston. Mr. Burrill continued to carry on the book-binding and book-selling busi- ness, as heretofore. After lingering a few weeks in the hands of Mr. Green, the Intelligen- cer died. The same gentleman soon after started a new paper, called the Essex Patriot. This was a " democratic " newspaper, and the first of the kind in town, — the others mentioned having all been Federal organs. Mr. Green continued to publish the Patriot about three years, when he sold out to William Hastings. The gradual fading out of the federal sheet, and the establishment of the democratic Patriot, was not particularly agreeable to tne federalists, and a new paper was soon started. This was the Haverhill Gazette, by Nathan Burrill and Caleb Hersey, under the style of Bumll & Hersey. The first number was issued January 6, 1821. It was published Saturdays, at two dollars per annum, and was edited by Mr. Hersey. Mr. Burrill having just received admission into the Masonic fraternity, signified his high appreciation of that mystic brotherhood, by displaying the Masonic emblems at the head of his paper. Mr. Hersey continued as editor and * A book-store had been kept in town, in connection with the printing business, since 1804, or perhaps earlier. 654 HISTORY OF HAVERHILL. joint proprietor, until the close of the second volume, when he sold out his interest to his partner, and retired from the editorial chair, leaving the whole concern in the hands of Mr. Burrill. The able manner in which the Gazette was conducted, having completely eclipsed its rival, the Patriot, the two papers were consolidated, February 1, 1823, under the name of the Haverhill Gazette and Essex Patriot, — "W. Hastings, editor and printer, N. Burrill, proprietor and publisher." This change, however, was merely a plan to cover the actual death of the Patriot, and in a little less than two months, (March 29) Mr. Hastings retired from the establishment altogether. In 1824, Mr. Burrill sold out his printing business, and paper, to Isaac E. Howe, Esq., and the bookstore to Mr. James Gale."' Mr. Howe edited and published the paper until October, 1826, when he engaged the services of Abijah W. Thayer to edit and superintend its publication.! In February, 1827, Mr. Thayer purchased the establishment, changed the name of the paper to the Essex Gazette, and assumed its entire con- trol. Mr. Thayer was a native of Peterborough, N. H., and served his apprenticeship to the printing business, in Boston. In 1817, he worked in Andover, where he became acquainted with Caleb Hersey, a fellow- journeyman. When Messrs. Burrill & Hersey started the Gazette, in January, 1821, Mr. Thayer was engaged to superintend its publication, in which he took an active interest. In May, 1822, he removed to the State of Maine, where he was connected with the Independent Statesman, at first as editor, and subsequently as editor and proprietor. From Octo- ber, 1826, to July 1835, Mr. Thayer resided in this town, during which time he was one of our most active, useful, and respected citizens. He was one of the first to enlist in the temperance movement, — was the Sec- retary of the first meeting, and the first Secretary of the first society when organized, in which office he continued until his removal from the town. He early advocated the cause in his paper, but such was the opposition to the movement, that in a short time he lost about four hundred subscribers. His Gazette was the first political paper that ever came out in advocacy of total abstinence from intoxicating liquors, and the second of any kind, •> While Mr. Burrill was connected with the printing business in this town, quite a large number of books were printed at his office. Some of them were published by the several firms with which Mr. Burrill was connected, but the greater part were printed for booksellers in Boston, and Salem. Among the books thus printed was the Bible, Watts' Psalms and Hymns, Murray's English Reader, Watts' World to Come, Beauties of Masonry, etc. t During this period, E. W. :Reinhart was, for a short time, editor, and John Varnum, Esq., joint proprietor with Mr. Howe. Reinhart afterward started the Daily Republican, at Baltimore ; and, stil' later, published the Virginia Advocate, at Charlotteville, Va. HISTORY' OF HAVERHILL. 655 either in America, or in the world ! When the movement was commenced in Haverhill, there were twenty-nine places in town where liquors were sold, but in five years from that time there was not a single place where it was openly sold, and but one where it was supposed to be sold clandes- tinely. As a political paper, the Gazette was at that time classed among the very first in the county and State. January 26, 1828, H. B. Brewster issued a prospectus for a new weekly paper, to be called the j&are^-M^ ^ecorc?er / " impartial " in politics and religion. But it was never issued. February 4, 1832, Mr. Thayer issued proposals to publish a semi- weekly paper, under the name of ttft Haverhill Advertiser. The price was to be $2.50 per annum, and it was to be neutral in politics. Suffi- cient encouragement not being ofi"ered, the paper was never issued. May 5, 1832, Mr. Thayer commenced the publication of the Christian Messenger, a small weekly newspaper, of which he was principal editor, assisted by Eev. Dudley Phelps, and ^^v. Abijah Cross. It only reached a circulation of four hundred copies, and was discontinued February 23, 1833, after an issue of thirty-two numbers. In the same year (1832) a political campaign paper was established in the town, under the name of the Haverhill Iris. Edwin Harriman, editor. It was started principally to advocate the election of Caleb Gush- ing to Congress. It was published about a year, when it was removed to Methuen. Harriman was subsequently (1838) associate editor of the Nashville (Tenn.) Banner. We believe he is now a resident reporter for the press, at Washington, D. C. May 4, 1834, Mr. Thayer issued proposals to publish the Essex Gazette semi-weekly, at $2.50 per annum, provided sufficient encouragement was oflFered to warrant the undertaking. But the project was abandoned before the change was made. In July, 1834, Eev. Thomas Gr. Farnsworth and Eben. H. Safford, commenced the publication of the Essex Banner and Haverhill Adver- tiser, a weekly democratic paper, at $2 per annum. The former gentleman was editor, and the latter superintended the publication. At the close of the second volume, (June 25, 1836,) Mr. Farnsworth retired from the editorial chair, and left the whole concern in the hands of his partner. From this time until January 6, 1838, the paper was edited by " an asso- ciation of gentlemen." At the latter date, William Taggart, Esq., became editor and joint proprietor, and so continued until March, 11, 1843, when Mr. Saiford again assumed the sole charge and proprietorship of the paper. 656 HISTORY OF HAVERHILL. From that time, until the present, Mr. Safford has continued to be the editor, proprietor, and publisher, with the exception of a short period, under the presidential administration of James Buchanan, when the mechanical department of the paper was under the charge of C. C. Dear- born. With the exception of six months in 1830, (from January 1 to July 10) when John G. Whittier occupied the editorial chair,* Mr. Thayer was sole editor, publisher, and proprietor of the Essex Gazette, from the time already mentioned, until 1835. In July of that year, he sold the estab- lishment to Erastus Brooks, (who had been a former apprentice of his, at Portland, of which place Mr. Brooks was a native,) and removed from town.f Soon after purchasing the establishment, Mr. Brooks received an ap- pointment in one of the departments at Washington, to which city he removed, but continued the nominal editor of the Gazette, which was then published by J. H. Farwell, until #e following spring. May 4, 1836, John G. Whittier again assumed the editorial charge of the Gazette, Mr. Brooks continuing to furnish " letters from Washington," until the close of the volume. At the same time, Jacob Caldwell became proprietor of the paper, taking possession at the close of the volume. September 17, of the same year, Dr. Jeremiah Spofford became asso- ciated with Mr. AVhittier, taking the position of political editor. In October, Dr. Spofford became joint proprietor with Mr. Caldwell. December 17, Mr. Whittier retired from the editorial chair, and Dr. Spofford remained sole proprietor. January 7, 1837, the name of the paper was changed to its original one — Haverhill Gazette. It was now published by Spofford & Harris. At the close of the volume, in 1838, (December 28) John H. Harris became associate editor, as well as proprietor and publisher, and so continued un- til July 5, 1839, when he purchased the entire interest of his partner, who retired from the concern, after a connection of three years. o Friend Whittier was editor of the Boston Manufacturer, in 1828. He left the Gazette, in 1830, to take editorial charge of the New England Review, at Hartford, Conn., taking the place of George D. Prentice, who went to Louiaville, Ky., to edit the Louisville Journal, a paper established to advocate the election of Henry Clay to the Presidency. Mr. Whittier was connected with the Review about eighteen months. t Since he removed from Haverhill, Mr. Thayer has been connected with papers in Philadelphia, Northampton, and Worcester. He is at present residing -in Northampton, JIass., beloved and respected in every relation of life. BISTORT OF HAVERHILL. 657 May 1, 1840, Mr. Harris sold the establisliment to Wm. E. P. Eodgers, who continued to edit andpublisli the paper until October 1, 1843, when he was succeeded by its present editor and proprietor, Edward Gr. Froth- ingham, Esq. For many years past. Dr. Spofford has regularly contributed to its editorial columns, being virtually its political editor. Since the decease of the Whig party, the Gazette has advocated the interests of the so-called Eepublican party. In 1845, The Star in the East, a religious (christian) weekly quarto paper, edited by Eev. H. P. Guilford, was published in this town for a few months, by E. G. Frothingham. May 1, 1856, the first number of the Haverhill American Citizen, a weekly paper, was issued by John M, Harding, (son of Isaac) of this town. The paper, which was American in politics, was printed at Law- rence. The publication was continued but three months, when (August 2, 1856,) the subscription list was transferred to the Haverhill Gazette. In April, 1857, The Masonic. Journal, a monthly, quarto paper, George W. Chase, editor and proprietor, was removed from Brunswick, Maine, to this town.'-"' In July 1859, it was changed to a semi-monthly, and so continued until January 1, 1860, when it was purchased by Eev. Cyril Pearl, who immediately removed the office of publication to Portland, Maine. January 1, 1859, Z. E. Stone, formerly editor and proprietor of the American Citizen, Lowell, Mass., commenced the publication of the Tri- Weekly Publisher, " an independent paper," at $3.00 per annum. The enterprise met with favor, and tRe new sheet was at once placed on a per- manent footing. In January, 1860, Mr. Stone disposed of his establish- ment to Messrs. E. G. Woodward and J. M. Palmer, both natives of Haverhill, who have continued its publication to the present time. The paper is issued Tuesday, Thursday, and Saturday evenings. In 1859, Messrs. D. P. Bodfish and A. L. Kimball commenced the pub- lication of a weekly paper called the Essex County Democrat. It was established as the organ of the administration wing of the democratic party. It is now published by Mr. Kimball. We have, therefore, at this time, (July 1, 1861,) four newspapers pub- lished in the town, viz. : the Haverhill Gazette, Essex Banner, Tri- Weekly Publisher, and Essex County Democrat, with an aggregate circulation of a little over four thousand copies per week. » Frum June, ISjj, to Miirch, 1857, Mr. Chase was editor and proprietor, o? the BrunstvicJc Tele- grai)h, a weekly paper, at Bnmswick, Maine. 658 HISTORY OF HATEnniLl. DiTSTON Monument Association. — This Association, wliicli originatedf in tlie West Parish, was organized in Octolber, 1855, for the purpose of purchasing, enclosing, and improving the site of the house from which Hannah Duston was tahen by the Indians, in 1697, and erecting thereon a monument to her memory. Charles Corliss was chosen President, and George Coffin, Secretary. A deed of the supposed site of the house was secured Octoher 15, 1855, (Essex Keg. Book 520, p. 287). Soon after, (January 22 and 23, 1856,) a levee was held in the Town Hall, which realized the handsome sum of $523.39, for the Association. Among the articles on exhibition at the levee, were, the gun which Mrs. Duston took from the Indians at the time of her escape ; the scalping-knife said to have been used upon the occasion ; a tankard, presented to Mrs. Duston and Mrs. Neffe, by Gov. Nicholson, of Maryland ; a pair of tongs, and a plat- ter, formerly belonging to Mrs. Duston ; and the pocket-book of Thomas Duston. In March, 1856, the Association was incorporated, by special act of the Legislature. On the first day of June, 1861, a handsome monument, of Italian marble, five feet square and twenty-four feet high, resting upon a base of granite, was erected by the Association, at an expense of about $1,200. The tablets contain the following inscriptions: — ^'Hannah, dau. of Michael and Hannah Emerson, wife of Thomas Dus- tin, born in this town Dec 23, 1657. Captured by the Indians March 15, 1607, (at which time her babe, then but six days old, was barbarously murdered, by having its brains dashed out against a tree) and taken to an island in the Merrimack, at Pennacook, now Concord, N H. On the night of April 29, 1697, assisted by Mary Neff, and Samuel Lennardson, she killed ten of the twelve savages in the wigwam, and taking their scalps and her captor's gun, as trophies of her remarkable exploit, she embarked on the waters of the Merrimack, and after much suffering arrived at her home in safety. Thomas Dustin, on the memorable 15th of March, 1697, when his house was attacked and burned, and his wife captured, by the savages, heroically defended his seven children, & successfully covered their retreat to a garrison. Thomas Dustin, ^ Hannah Emerson, married Dec 3, 1677. Children : Hannah, born Aug 22, 1678; Elizabeth, born May 7, 1680; Mary, b Nov 4, 1781, died Oct 18, 1696 ; Thomas, born Jan 5, 1683 ; Nathaniel, born May 16, 1685; John, born Eeb 2, 1686, died Jan 28, 1690; Sarah, born July 4, 1688 ; Abigail, born Oct — 1690; Jonathan, born Jan 15, 1691-2; Timothy, born Sept 14, 1694; Mehetable, born Sept 14, 1694, HISTORY OP HAVERHILL. G59 died Dec 16, 1694; Martha, born March 9, 1696-7, died March 15, 1696-7 ; Lydia, boru Oct 4, 1698."- Slavery in Haverhill. — That negroes were actually bought and sold, and thus distinctly recognized as property, in this town, is placed beyond a doubt by documentary evidence still in existence. Through the kind- iress of Wm. G. Brooks, Esq., of Boston, (a great-grandson of Eev. John Brown, of this town,) we have been furnished with the following, copied from the original papers, now in his possession : — " Know all Men by these Presents — that I Thomas Euss of Suncook in County of Middlesex and Province of Massachusetts Bay in New Eng- land, Cordwainer, do for and in consideration of the sum of One Hundred Pounds to me in hand paid by Benjamin Emerson of Haverhill in County of Essex and Pi-ovincc above mentioned — Husbandman, sell alicue convey and confirm unto him, the above Benj. Emerson his Heirs & Assigns — My Negro Boy named Cesur, being about seven years old, for and during his natural life — In witness whereof I the above named Thomas Euss have hereunto set my hand and seal this tenth day of July 1739 and in the Thirteenth Year of the Eeign of our Sovereign Lord George the Second King of Great Britain. Signed, sealed and Delivered In presence of us Thos Euss. John Cogswell Joseph Atwood." " Haverhill June 16, 1740 To all peopell to Home this shall Combe Know ye yt I Benjman Emmeson of Haverhill In ye County of Essex & province of ye Mashittusetts Bay In New England — yeoman — for & in Consideration of one Hundred pounds In Hand j^aid to me by Nathll Cogswell of Haverhill aford Trader do make over & sell con vay to Him my negrow Boy seser In all Eespts as fully & absolutely as He was Con veyed to me In ye face of this Bill of sale — furthermore I do warrant and defend Him from all parties what so ever to ye above Named Nathll Coggswcll, During his Natural life as witness my hand ye day and Year above written. witness, Benjamin Emerson. ^ . Nath Woodman Jabez Emerson." <> We ought, in justice, to add, that, by a strange oversight on the part of the Monument Committee, the name in these inscriptions is spelled "Dustin," instead of " Diiston," by which name the Association was incorporated ; and also, that, througli the unwarrantable liberties taken by the engraver with the copy furnished him, the fii"st inscrijjtion given above is rendered positively unintelligible, except to one familiar with the fiicts it professes to record. The latter may yet be corrected, and we hope it wiU be 'done. 660 HISTORY or HAVERHILL. " Haverliill Aug 23, 1742 Know all men by ttese Presents that I Nathl Cogswell of Haverliill in ye County of Essex and Province of ye Massachusetts Bay in New Eng- land, Trader for and in consideration of One Hundred & fifteen Pounds to mc in hand paid Do make Over, Sell & Convey to Saml Phillips Jr of Andover, Trader, my Negro Boy Cesar mentioned above & in the Face of this Bill of Sale : this I do as Eully, Ereely and as absolutely as may be. Moreover I do Hereby Binde & Oblige myself to Warrant and Defend sd Negro from ye lawfull Claims & Demands of any person or Persons whatsoever to ye above Saml Phillips During sd Negro's life. As witness my Hand & Seal Nathl Cogswell. Witnessed by Nathaniel Walker Jonathan Buck." Population and Valuation of Haverhill. 1764. 1767. 1790. 1800. 1810. 1820. Population. Valuation. .1,920 £4791.13.4 .2,408 $15,194 11 .2,730 22,350 50 .2.682 32,941 16 .3,070 37,540 45 Population. Valuation. 1830 3,912 $ 926,556 38 1840 4,336 1,224,379 00 1850 5,754 2,243,497 00 1855 7,932 1860 9,995 5,450,782 00 Births, Marriages and Deaths, from 1845 to I860. Marriages. Deaths. 1845. 1846. 1847. 1848. 1849. 1850. 1851, 1852. .106 .104 .140 . 90 .138 .182 .190 41. 46. 37. 43. 76. ,135, 83. aths. Births 74 1853... ... 203 . 58 1854... ...231. 21 1855... ...202. 20 1856... ...256 61 1857... ...279 94 1858... ...301 99 1859... ...298 107 I860... ...312 Marriages. Deaths. ..141 96 ..115 141 ..113 95 ..119... '..122 ..101 128 ..106 126 ..133 127 ..128 164 * Taken from the State Registration Reports. HISTORY OF HAVERHILL. 661 List of Members of Congress from Haverhill. 1797 to 1801— Bailey Bartlett, 1826 to 1830— John Varnum, 1811 to 1813 — Leonard White 1848 to 1852 — James H. Duncan. List of State Senators from Haverhill. 1789— Bailey Bartlett, 1810— Israel Bartlett, 1811 — John Varnum, 1816 to 1821— Israel Bartlett, 1828 to 1831 — James H. Duncan, 1833 — Gilman Parker, 1844 and 1845— Alfred Kittredge, 1848— Ezekiel J. M. Hale. 1853 — Nathaniel S. Howe, 1857 — Caleb D. Hunting, 1860 — Christopher Tompkins. List of the Eepresentatives of Haverhill. 1645 to 1654— Sohert Clement, 1654 — John Clement, 1655 to 1660— None, 1660 — John Davis, 2d session, 1661 to 1666— None, 1666— Nathaniel Saltonstall, 1667— Henry Palmer, 1668— William Davis, 1669 to 1672— Nath'l Saltonstall, 1672 — George Brown, 1673 — Humphrey Davy, 2d session, 1674 — Henry Palmer, 1675 — George Brown, 1676 to 168 — Henry Palmer, 1680 — George Brown, 1681 — Daniel Hendrick, 1682— None, 1683— Peter Ayer, 1684 — Eobert Swan, 1685 to 1686— Peter Ayer, 1687 to 1689— None, 1689 to 1690— Peter Ayer, 1691 — John Johnson, 1 nqr, f George Brown, '' \ Samuel Hutchins, ,pqo j Daniel Ladd, ( Thomas Hart, 1694— Daniel Ladd, 1695 and 1696— Peter Ayer, 1697— John Page, 1698— Peter Ayer, 1699— Pvichard Saltonstall, 1700— John White, 1701 — Samuel Ayer, 1702— John W^hitc, 1703 1704 1706 1708- 1709- 1710 1713- 1714- 1715 1717- 1718- 1719- 1720 1726 1728 1730 1733 1735 1737. 173S 1739 1742 1743- 1744 1746 1749 1751 1752 1754 1755 1761 1769 1771 ("John White, 1st session, ( John Haseltine, 2d session, and 1705 — Samuel Watts, and 1707 — James Saunders, —John White, —James Saunders, to 1713 — John Haseltine, —John White, -John Haseltine, and 1716— John White, —Amos Singletary, —John Saunders, -John White, to 1726 — John Saunders, and 1727 — James Saunders, and 1729— Eichard Saltonstall to 1733 — Nathan Webster, and 1734 — William White, and 1736 — Eichard Saltonstall — Nathaniel Peasley, ' — Eichard Saltonstall, to 1742 — Nathaniel Peasley, — Eichard Hazzen, —Eichard Saltonstall, and 1745 — Phillip Haseltine, to 1749 — Nathaniel Peasley, and 1750 — Nathaniel Saunders — John Haseltine, and 1753 — Nathaniel Peasley, — Eichard Saltonstall, to 1761 — David Marsh, to 1769 — Eichard Saltonstall, and 1770 — Samuel Bachellor, to 1776 — Jonathan Webster jr 6G2 HISTORY OF nAVERIIILL. List of Eepresentatives — Continued. 1776 1777 1781 1784 1786 1787 1788 1789 1791 1792 1796 1797 1799 1800 1801 1802 1804 1807 1809 1810 1812 1819 1820 1823 1825 182G 1827 1828 1829 1830 1831 1832 1833 Jona. "Webster, Nath'l P. Sargeant, to 1781 — Jonathan AYebstcr, to 1784— Bailey Bartlett, to 1785 — Samuel AVhite, — Nathaniel Marsh, — Isaac Osgood, f Bailey Bartlett, I Nathaniel Marsh, and 1790 — Nathaniel Marsh, f Francis Carr, I Samuel Blodgett, to 179G — Francis Carr, — None, and 1798 — Nathaniel Marsh, — Benjamin Willis, — Benjamin AYillis, — None, and 1803 — ^Francis Carr, to 1807 — David How, and 1808 — James Smiley, — Leonard AVhite and 1811 — Ebenezer Gage, to 1819— David How, — Charles AVhite, to 1823 — Aloses AVingate, and 1824 — Enoch Foot, — Stephen Minot, — None, f Moses AVingate I James H. Duncan, J Charles AVhite, I John Briclcctt,. jr., Thomas Harding, John Brickett, jr., AVilliam Bachcllor Thomas Harding, AVilliam Bachellor, John Brickett, jr., Caleb B. LeBosquet, Caleb B. LeBosquet, Thomas G. Farnsworth, Kphraim Corliss, \^ James Davis,, f AVilliam Bacheller, Caleb B. LeBosquet, George Keeley, Thomas G. Farnsworth, 1834 1835 1836 1837 1838 1839 1840 1841 1842 1843 1845 1846 1847 1848 1849 1850 1851 1852 1853 1854 Ephraim Corliss, Thomas G. Farnsworth, Daniel P. McQuesten, \^ Nathan AA'ebster, ( Jacob How, ! Jesse Smith, j John G. AVhittier, (^ Jjeonard AA'hittier, [ James Davis, Elbridge G. Eaton, AVard Haselton, Nathan AVebster, [ Joseph Ayer, James Davis, Elbridge G. Eaton, AA^ard Hazeltine, \^ Nathan AVebster, ( Charles Carleton, J AVilliam D. S. Chase, 1 James H Duncan, [ Leonard AA^hittier, Charles Carleton, AVilliam D. S. Chase, James H. Duncan, Samuel Johnson, Jonathan Crowell, j Samuel Johnson, i Alfred Kitredge, 1^ Iiobert Stuart, j Jonathan Crowell, I Alfred Kittredge, j Piev. James B. Cushing, I Caleb Herscy, and 1844 — None, — Hazen Morse, j Daniel F. Fitts, I James Hale, — None, — Benjamin Page, — None, Charles B. Hall, Lemuel Leonards, — None, Samuel Brainard, John B. Nichols, Samuel Brainard, I John B. Nichols, — None, niSTORY or HAVERHILL. G63 List op Kepresentatives — Continued. ■xQrr I Elbriclge W. Chase, iq^iq j '^^^^^s H. Duncan, I Jesse Simonds, \ Nathan S. Kimball, ^ j2;-p j Truman M. Martjn, , nrn j Nathan S. Kimball, ( William Taggart, \ James Eussell, 1 QKry (Jesse Simonds, ior>n -i ^on^ ( Levi C. Wadleigh, 1857 \ iv-iT rp , ISGOand 1861 \ ^ ,,. ^,, ^ ' ( Vvilham lasgart, ( {:reorge VV. Chase. ACKNOWLEDGMENT. Previous to soliciting subscriptions for this History of Haverkill, ^ Prospectus was issued, which contained the following j^roposition : " As ' cash in hand ' is no small advantage in purchasing material, and contracting for labor ; and as it is well worth an effort to avoid all chances for embarrassments by the neglect or failure of subscribers to comply with the terms ' cash on delivery,' we make the following proposition: — A list of the names of those who advance the price of the book, at the time of entering their subscription, shall be published in the book itself. It is hoped that such an ' honorable mention ' may be sufficient to insure a large proportion of advance payments." We now take pleasure in publishing the names of those who have respon- ded to our request, and to whom our thanks are due for their generous and timely aid : — ' . A. "W. Davis, . Geo. W. Day, Joseph Gubtal, Irah E. Chase, M. D., John A. Moody, Edward White, J. B. Swett, Edward White, jr., Charlotte H. Pettengill, Tristram Dalton White, Geo. Johnson, Esq., Hon. J. H. Duncan, Moses How, E. A. Porter, E. C. How, C. B. Emerson, Moses E. French, Stephen Chase, Eustis Chase, L. E. George, John P. Eandall, Ebenezer AVebster, Frank C. Swan, Geo. T. Brown, Walter S. Ordway, A. H. Adams, A. W. Chase, Walter Griffin, Calvin How, D. D. Flanders, Leverett W. Johnson, Laburton Johnson, Daniel Fitts, Francis J. Stevens,M.D. James Leach, Charles E. Heath, L. P. Shattuck, Charles C. Hills, James A. Bartlett, Charles J. Taggart, Geo. K. Chase, E. G. Frothiugham, Jr., E M. Ingalls, Daniel Palmer, John E. Gale, E. Stuart Chase, Charles W. Chase, Samuel Chase Alfred Kittredge, Geo. H. Hoyt, Geo. Cogswell, M. D., David P. Harmon, Walter Goodell, William B. Eaton, William Caldwell, Lucien George, Enoch Ordway, N. M. Edwards, Geo. 0. Harmon, Warren Ordway, C. W. Boynton, William Lucy, Bcnj. Kimball, 2d, Moses D. George, Geo. W. Ordway, J. G. S. Little, N. H. Farusworth, Mary Dalton White, Leonard Dalton White, John L. White, E. H. White, F. White, Abncr W. Pollard, Abijah W. Thayer, Fisher Howe, ' James How, Benjamin W. How, Mary T, Waldron, John W. Dean, Wm. 0. Haskell, Ann D. Bartlett, John Bartlett, Mrs. Wm. Jarvis, " Margaret Longlcy, " C. Meachaud, Edwin Bartlett, Eben'r Porter, Leverett Kimball, Hazen Morse, E. E. Stimpson, Benj. E. Sawyer, Sarah B. Putnam, Thos, G. Odiorne. GENERAL INDEX. Aboriginees of New England 30, 43 Academy, The 496, 601, 602 Acqueduct 471, 521 Address to Prest Adams 465 Almshouse 307. 494, (See Paupers) Audros, Usurpation of 148 Anecdotes, &c., 54, 117. 161, 170, 200, 203, 206, 207, 213, 219, 221, 223, 241, 254, 258, 264, 317, 3X8, 445. 461, 555 Anti-Slavery Society 503 Artillery Company 373 Assessors 64, 169, 472 Atkinson, Sketch of 317 Auditors of Accounts 474 Ayer, Oapt. S.irauel, Death of 229 Aycr's Village 537, 540, 54.5, 576 Ayer's Pond, (See Plug Pond). Balloting 137, 141, 145 Baptists 339, 432, 552, 570, 57g, 584 Baptist Churches 584, 594, 611 Baptist Hill 543 Bartlett, Israel, Journal of 400 Bells 67, 77, 172, 506, 551, 552, 594, 596 Beer 50, 132 Bees 67 Biographical 40, 48 to 60, 108, 136, 254, 262, 274 to 278, 316, 318, 553. 556, 557, 586, 590, 599, 607, 612, 613, 615 to 651, Birth. 45, 55, 92, 660 Blacksmiths 60, 76, 79, 88, 334, 634, 637 Block-Houses 214 Boston 45, 366, 369, 370, 380 Bounds of Haverhill 43, 65, 70, 71, 74, 81. 91, 97, 101, 121, 171, 244, 266. 286 to 301, 308, 310, 563 Boundary Dispute with N. H. 286, 310 Bradley, Hannah, Captivity of, &c. 210, 216, 303 " Joseph. " " 179 Brandy Brow 82, 164, 283 Bread, Weighers of 430, 437 Brick-making 71, 500 Briekkill Bridge 239 Bridges 65, 111, 138, 303, 324, 457, 459, 479, 481, 495, 500 Buildings 453, 460, 490, .544 Bunker Hill 388, 390. 623 630 Burial-Grounds 91,209, 223, 303, 323, 545, 556, 566, 570 Buttonwoods. The 309 By-Laws of Haverhill 475 Canals 492, 510. 511, 622 Captain's Pond 269 Carding Machines, &c. 639 Carriages 33.5, 336, 541 Casualties 479 Catterpillars 305, 332 Cattle, &c. 59, 79. 82, 109, 256, 426, 477 Cedar Swamp 244 Cemeteries (See Burial-Grounds) G7, 91, Cl8, 545 Census (See St.iti.stics) Centre Congregational Church 599 Chain Ferry 325, 463, 570 Christian Church 590 Cholera 503 Churches, Org>inization of 58, 60, 303, 306, 495, 547. Membership in 115. Difficulties in 84, 246, 547. Location of 544. History of 547 to 614 Chm-ch Services in Olden Time 177 Cider 13i, 139, 149 Clements, llobert. Estate of 49 Clothing for Soldiers 407. 409, 417, 418, 423 Coffee, Introduction of 258 Colonie.s, Confederation of 28, 56 Commerce of Haverhill 236, 450 Committees of Correspondence, Safety, &c. 367, 371, 372, 378, 380, 381, 393, 394, 399, 404, 405, 410, 412, 413, 41.5, 420, 436 Commons 59, 89, 92. 93, 115, 124, 135, 331, 4.54, 507, 517, 521 " Ox 71. 73, 82, 91, 92, 147, 303 " Cow 89, 99, 137, 236, 253 254, 266, 273, 332 Commoners 75, 204. 21.5. 251. 253. 257. 266, 273 286, 291, 294. 299, 303, 306, 332. 337 Common Lands 204, 215 2"f0, 252, a53, 266 Communion Vessels, &c. 53, 573 Concord N. H., (See Pennacook) Constables 67, 68. 110, 114, 131, 145, 325, 434 Continent.il Congress 379 Cottages, Lists of 93 Cottle's Ferrv 116, 325, 463, 491 Cotton Mill 6+0 Council of Safety 150 Counties. Division into 55 C.rantry Bridge 99. 141, 498. 578 Criminal 58, 78, 80, 90. 100, 116, 122, 131, 138, 139, 145 Creek Pond 483, 540. Creek Brook 570 Creek Bridge 482. Currency 72, 78, 253, 280, 411, 434. 437 Customs, &£. 66, 67, 77, 113, 177, 336 Darby Hill 82 Dark Days 247, 434 Deacons 249 (See Eccl. Hist. 547) Deaths 45, 55, 82, 90, 92, 133, 479. 496, 497, 502, 660 Debt of the Town 207, 464 Deed of Pentucket 46 Distilleries 309. 374. 375, 426, 453, 500 Dogs 58. 502, 521, 524 Droughts, &c. 56, 98, 332, 337, 338, 492 Duck i'actory 444, 449, 489, 622 Duston, Hannah, Exploit of 185. Monument to 191, 196, 653 Earthqu.akes 56, 280. 337 East Parish 305, 320, 324, 387, 577 " Meadow 99. •' Meadow River 116, 164, 170, 268, 323 Eastman's Wharf 333 Elections 68, 78, 80. 141. 151 Embargo, The 481, 484 Epitaphs 228, 245, 555 Essex County 55, 133, 278, 435, 496, 520 Expresses 510 Fasts 127 332 337 Ferries 08, 83, 87, 99. 110, 131,217, 236, 238, 248, 265, 309, 325, 338, 447, 454, 458, 463, 490 Fines 64, 70, 78, 79, 80, 83, 100, 107, 111, 114, 133, 138, 149, 429, 435 Fire Department 427, 429, 436, 514, 522 Fires 115, 206, 303, 323, 386, 463, 514 First birth in Haverhill 45; death 45, 82; corn-mill 49, 57 ; tanner 49, 57 ; land ploughed 50; pauper 116; town meet.- ing 55; town clerk 55; court 55; mar- riage 58 ; blacksmith 60 ; selectmen 03 ; mili- tary company 66, 95 ; bees 67 ; constable 07, 68 ; meeting-house 67, 100 ; highway 68 ; orchard 70; brick-maker 71 ; tailor 79; deed recorded 89; physician 40, 97; plan of the town 104 ; moderator 107 ; murder by In- dians 124; evening lectures 134; written bal- lots 137 ; merchant 137; potatoes 250; team to Peunacook 278 ; coin in Mass. 78; paptr money 280; overseers of poor .303 ; wagon 336; highway tax 336; potash works 338; salt- petre works 393; butcher 417; election of governor 423 ; fire company 427 ; fire engine 429 ; salt works 430 ; stage coach 453 ; school committee 441 ; school regulations 455 ; news- paper 459; bridge 459; assessors 64, 472; list of voters 473 ; Fourth of July celebration 47.3, 474; hay scales 473; cotton yarn 474; cut nails 474; town by-laws 475; inspectors of police 479 ; cooking stoves 484; singing- school 484 ; town clock 494 ; temperance soci- ety 498 ; steamboat 500 ; lyoeum 501 ; anti- slavery society 505 ; turned shoes 535 ; bank in town 633 ; bookbinder 653 ; newspaper 652 ; First Parish, The 325, 550 Fisheries 58, 81, 87, 118, 145, 245, 265, 206, 432, 472, 482, 483 Fishing River 71, 137, 140, 146, 195, 196, 207, 236, 245, 266, 283, 496 Flaggy meadow 143 Flannel factory 506 Floating islands 461 Forts 394 Fourth of July '39.5,473, 474, 494, 505, 511, 515, 517, 523, 525 Free Evangelical Church 613 Freemasons 473, 653 Freemen 72, 115, 141 French War. The 340 Free Will Baptist Church 612 Freshets 309, 492 Garrisons, &c. 153, 155, 170, 187, 198, £00, 207, 2G1 Gas Company .523 Genealogical 48.51, 53, 62, 73, 74, 79, 125, 131, 184 216. 248, 274 to 278, 582, 615 Golden Hill 479, 632 Gravel Shoot 578 Great Plain 110, 146, 164 Great Pond 110, 37, 171. 236, 237, 430, 432, 463, 48.3, 496, 510. 511, 528 Griffin's Feri-y 217, 325 Hampstead, Sketch of 315 Hardy's Landing 266 Harvard College 40, .54, 58, 78, 108, 1.33, 136, 274, 318. 390, 55.3, 556, 557, 564, 668, 580 Hats, Maiinfacturo of, &e. 539 Haverhill, Settlement of 35 ; deed of 46 incorpora- tion of 60; description of in 1645, 60; ditto in 1794, 460 to 463 ; Peke of 288, 298 ; plan of 104, 462; histories of 501; maps of 502; growth of 542. Haverhill Bridge 156, 459, 480, 495, 509, 543 Hawk's Brook 273. " Meadow 63 Hay 44 Hay-Scales 473, 521 Haynes Joseph, Journey of 338 Herdsmen 79, 1C9 High School 497, 514, 524 Highways 65, 08, 75, 76, 87, 92, 98, 99, 106, 110, 115, 141, 143, 244, 265, 270, 278, 306, 324, 336, 458, 484, 493, 494, 495, 507, 509, 522, 523, 525, 526, 531 Highwavs, Surveyors of 244, 523 Hog Hill 239, 252. 253, 268 Householders in 1798, 466 Houses 93 95, 115, 156 Huckleberry Hill 292 Indians 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 30, 42, 45, 66, 70, 78, 96, 116,139,2.50, 260, 315; depredations by 116y 123 148, 1.53, 158, 159, 100, 169, 179, 184, 185, 199, 201, 206, 209, 216, 217, 260 ; relics of 42 ; Kcv. John Elliott's labors among 96 ; number in Pen tucket 43 ; deeds from 43, 143, 297 Indian Hill 43 Bridge 71 Influenza 495 Inspectors of Police 479 Insureotion of Morrill 158 Inventories 49 Ipswich Fright 387 Irish, The 288, 291 Islands "0, 79. 87, 254. 304, 461 Island Pond 295, 304 Johnson's Creek 201 " Mill 171, 483 Jurymen 473, 494 Kenoza Lake 82. 387, 48.3, 528 to 530 King Phillip's War 123 Land (See Commons, Ac) 61, 68, 87, 92, 165, 204 215 ; divisions of, Ac, 56, 61, 62, 71, 74, 76, 79 87, 89, 93, 106. 254, 256, 290, .324. 333 ; dis- putes, &o., 143, 169. 204, 266 to 274, 286 to 301, 303, 507; parsonage 1.3.5, 1.3a 137, 140, 143, 163. 234, 244, 251, 264, 303, 304, 306, 323, .324,3.39, 432, 558, 5.'9, 562. 566, 586; pur- chases, grants, &c.. 55, 65, 67, 68, 70, 71, 7.3, 76, 82, 89, 90, 91, 135 143, 171, 204, 253, 267, 308, 433, 496, 507 Leather 130, 208. 5.32 Lecture-d.ay 89, 134 Lectures, Evening 134 Letters from Gyles Firman 35; Samuel Ayer 150, 200; Natlin Saltonstall 150, 158, 213, 283; Daniel Bradley, 153; Rev. Bcnj. Kolfe 162, 167 ; Rev. John Ward 105 ; Thomas Duston 191; Rev. Joshu"- Gardner 234; Ebenezer Eastm.an 254; Richard Hazzen 294, 209; John Whittier395; James Brickett 403, 438 ; Pres- ident Adams 405 Lexington Alarm 383, 387, 497 Libraries 501 .Light Infantry Company 482, 485 Lime S3, 95, 256 Little River 42, 52,^6, 71, 81, 88 99, 103, 111,116, U9, 1.35, 188, 195, 207, 21.5, 229, 236, 306, 324, 32.5, 338, 438, 44.5, 463, 480. 492. 511, 691 Little River Bridge 434, ,509, 525, 543 Londonderry 249, 286 to 301 Long Hill 224 Lovewell's Fight 201 Lumber 121, 132 Lyceums 501 Ill Magistrates 55, 65, 70, 115 Marriages 55, 53, 92, 107, 117, 643, 660 Marsh's Hill 155,633 MasoQian Claim 301 Masonic Hall 491, 601 " Lodsre 473 Massachusetts, Discovery of 18 ; description of in 1614,21; settlement of 27 ; ohirter of 148, 151,164; boundary dispute with N. H. 286; constitution of 393, 406, 412, 420, 441, 494 Meadows 74, 79, 87, 92, 164, 251, 269, 303 Meeting-Houses 67, 83, 89, HO, 124, 135, 136, 137, 171, 208, 223, 253. 282, 306, 454, 460, 495, 507, 544,547 to 614; seating inhabitants in 99, 106, 140, 206, 253; seats and pews in 118, 135, 174, 176, 232, 233, 252, 265 ; disorderly boys in 233 Merchants 451 Merrie's Creek 62, 91, 132, 245 Merrimack River 287 ; discovery of 20 ; significa- tion of the name 20; improvements in 492, 519 Merrimack Bridge 93, 99, 463, 480 495, 500 Methodists 570, 573 Methodist Church 601 Methuen, Incorporation of 273 Middle Names 360 Military Companies, &c. (See Soldiers) Q\ 95, 99, lOS, 112, 346 to 350, 373, 375, 332, 447, 482, 484, 485 Mill Brook 57, 92, 111, 161, 164, 215, 253, 303, 307, 309, 332, 333, 430, 455, 494 Mill Bridge 333 Mills 92, 99, 236, 337, 426, 430, 452, 433, 506, 510; saw 75, 80, 83. 89, 99, 116, 132, 164, 2:^, 268, 269; corn 57, 91, 99, 111, 116, 132, 140, 170, 105, 196, 215, 253; flannel 508; fulling 215, 253; plaster 215; cotton yarn 474 Millerism 511, 604 Minute Men 381 Ministers 83, 134, 139, 154, 162, 105, 231, 245, 247, 273, 279 Missionaries 642 Mitchell's Falls 579 Mobs 376, 505 Moderator 107 Morse, J(5seph, Death of 502 Mount Washington 533 " Pleasant 545 Mullikin's Ferry 355, 458 Music, &c. 309, 424, 552, 569, 588, 596 Names, Lists of, first settlers of Haverhill 38; landholders in 1645, 60; freemen in 1650, 72 ; in id division plough-land 77 ; Robert Pike's petition 80; agreement with John Johnson 88 i 4th division meadow land 92 ; accommodation land 106 ; on location meeting-house 173 ; of killed by Indians 193 ; for land in Methuen 252; pew owners 232, 238, 265; school peti- tions 237 ; soldiers 128, 235, 331, 340 to 36t, 382, 383, 388 to 420, 440, 486, 487 ; 5th divi- sion land 256 ; settlers of Concord 274 ; peti- tions to worship in Amesbury 279 ; polls north and south of the N. H. line in 1741,310 to 315 ; petitioners for East Parish 321 ; and occupations in 1747, 326 ; about town meetings 327, 328 ; grantees of townships in Me. 338, 433; artillery company 374; minute men 382; of whom money was borrowed 407, 414 ; mem- bers of Fire Cub 428 ; householders in 1798, 466; streets 509; disunion petitioners 516; shoe manufacturers 53.'), 536 ; brick blocks 544; members Rev. Ward's church 548; re- presentatives, Ac. 661 Nebraska Resolutions 523 Negroes (See Slaves) 239, 498 Newspapers 459, 521, 652 North Church 612 Meadow 99, 283 " Parish 282, 303, 306, 562 Northmen, Voyages of the 17 Oath of Fidelity 71, 72, 115 Odd Fellows 518 Officers (Town) 55, 99, 107, 121, 164, 163, 171, 205, 433, 435, 474, 526 Old Style and New Style 334 Orchards 70, 195 Ordinaries, See Taverns Overseers of the Poor 303, 433, 472 Paper Money (See Currency) 280, 411, 434. 437 Parsonage Land, See Land Hill 566 Houses 135, 136, 137, 140, 143, 233, 279, 547 Road 153, 179, 224 Paupers 52, 116, 143, 307, 441, 455, 480, 494, 506 Pecker's Hill 74, 155, 170, 188, 198, 543, 545 Pennacook 30, 90, 255, 274 Pen tucket. See Haverhill Cemetery 42, 67 91, 156, 519 Pes (.-Houses 334, 433, 458 Peter's Ridge 498 Petitions 230, 254, 279, 289, 299, 308, 320, 326, 515 Physicians 40, 97, 179, 275, 637, 646, 649 Pilgrims, The 25 Pipe Staves 59, 63, 107, 120, 236 Plains 73 Plain Gate 332 Plaistow 317 Plough-land 74, 76 Plug Pond 57, 229, 324^ 462, 463, 571 Plymouth 21, 26 Poetry 61, 186, 293, 307, 388, 392, 440, 491, 498 Police Court 524 Policy Pond 319 Pond Bridge 236 " Meadow 63, 67, 76, 161 " Plain 169 " River 119 Ponds 269, 295, 319, 337, 430, 455, 461, 463 Post-riders, &c. 453 Potash Works 338, 452 Potatoes 250 Pounds 69, 98, 203, 432, 464 Powder-houses 116, 427, 479 President Washington's Visit 441 " Jackson's " 503 Prices 49, 50, 64, 68, 76, 87, 118, 132, 138, 235, 304, 306, 413, 434 Primrose Swamp 62, 63 Printing business 652 Proprietors, (See Commoners) Providence Neck 269 Provincial Congress 378, 386 Puritans, History of, 23 Quakers 51, 87, 176, 207, 553 Railroads 493, 504, 521, 537 Randall Church 613 Rechabites 513 Representatives 115, 335, 366, 368, 399, 435, 436, 457, 661 Revolution, The 362 Rocks' Village 50' 236, 243, 450, 480, 491, 493, 500, 505, ,523, 544 Rolfe, Rev. Benj., Death of, 219 Round Pond 89, 430, 463, 471, 521 Rum 261, 338. See Distilleries. IV Salaries 63, 77, 84, 86, 110, 111, 113, 116, 136, 165, 208, 231, 246, 248, 279, 526, 547 to 614 St. Greaurv's Church 607 Salem, N. H. 319 Sander's Hill 98, 207, 324 SaltonstiiU place 168, 233, 309, 445, 543 Saltpetre Manufacture 393 Salt Works 430 Savings Bank 501, 633 Saw-Mill Biver 138, 146, 164, 196, 253, 306 Sawyer, John, Death of 436 Schools 65, 91, 113, 114, 116, 135, 142, 171, 177, 205, 206, 208, 209, 216, 236, 237, 239, 265, 273, 274, 302, 325, 331, 334, 337, 432, 441, 455, 457, 464, 472, 490, 496, 497, 501, 513, 522, 524, 569, 578, 608 Scotland Hill 540 Selectmen 03, 64, 80, 100, 109, 111, 114, 121, 133, 141, 433, 472 Shad Parish 498 Shatswell's Bond 389 Shay's Rebellion 437 Sheep 79, 146, 426, 521 Shenstones, The 519, 526 Ship-huildin? 304, 324, 333, 426, 448, 450, 483, 490 Shoes 69, 111, 130, 219, 530, 532, 632 Silver Hill 432, 543 Slaves 239, 248, 427, 659 Small Box 131, 159, 334, 433, 453, 458, 522 Soldiers 66, 128, 149, 158, 162, 213, 217, 235, 261, 264, 340 to 361, 382 to 420, 440, 479, 484, 512 Sour Meadow 269 Spicket Falls 254 " Meadow 03 " Path 60, 141, 195 " Biver 02, 71, 88, 97, 143 Stage Coaches 453, 461, 474, 483, 493, 505 Stamp Act, The 362 Statistics 240, 242, 335, 426, 507, 660 Steamboats 500, 519 Stocks 69, 436 Storms, &c 45, 57, 59, 118, 247, 280, 310, 431, 432, 434, 436, 473, 482, 491, 492, 496, 551 Stoves 483, 358, 596 Streets 526, (See Highways) Surplus Bevenue 508, 517 Swett's Ferry 236, 325, 463 Swine 426, 555 Tabernacle Church 606 Tanners 49,57, 121, 139, 142, 324, 495 Taverns 50, 52, 64, 74, 131, 1S9, 283, 443, 444, 473, 474 Taxes, &c. 57, 77, 86, 87, 99, 111, 112, 130, 149, 237, 253, 279, S25, 409, 415, 417, 420, 423, 434, 455, 481, 482, 493 494, 553 Tea 258, 369, 372 Temperance 498, 506, 515, 517, 518 Thanksgiving 112, 332 Throat Distemper 306, 464 Timber 56, 59, 63, 68, 75, 107, 120, 236, 296, 364 Tories 370, 646 Tornado 431 Town Farm 494 " Hall 176, 500, 520, 526, 539, 611 " Meetings 55, 64, 70, 98, 114, 130, 142, 164, 270, 226 to 331, 423, 521, 523, 559 " Eecords 98, 110, 114, 117, 199, 245, 257, 521 Trinity Church 608 Turkey Hill 577 Tything-Men 168 Unitarians 559 Universalists 560, 570, 571, 573, 576 Uiiiversalibt Society 595^ Upper Bands 455 Valuations 64, 72, 426, 453,466 Voting 89, 115, 482, (See Balloting) Wagons, &c. 336 ■Warning out ot Town 279 Washington 441, 471 Watch-ilouses 69, 113, 156, 177, 205, 256, 261 West Bridge 111, 138, 104, 215, 494 " Parish 305, 306, 665, 601 " Biver, (See Little River) Wharfs 303, 332, 333, 426 Whipping-Post 69, 436 Whittakcr, Joseph 179, 201 Wigwam 71 Wild-man 496 Wine, &c. 64-, 83, 131, 132, 256 Winter Street Church 600, 601 Witchcraft 109 Wood 95, 110, 137, 166 Wolves 59, 96, 98, 147, 171, 248 • Work-House 441, 481, 506 World's End Pond 199 Yankee boodle 392. INDEX OF NAMES. Abbot, Rev. Abie] 230, 429, 466, 471, 557, 558, 559 Aliiifail 466 Daniel 416 Geor?e 97 Mr. 454 John 557 Abell, Rev. T. P. 5D8 Abercrombie 344 Adams, Daniel 399, 409, 470 James 311 John 390, 461, 465, 618 John Q. 516, 517, 650 Rev. Mr. 336 Rev. Phineas 568, 569, 570, 572, 581 _ Samuel 220, 365, 369 Agassiz, Louis 282 Aiken, Samuel 652 Allen, Ethan 344 Richard 128 W. B. & H. Or. 653 William 615 Alley, Mrs. 386 John 389, 393, 399 Ames, Ezra C. 600 Isaac 513, 519 Moses 344, 350 Samuel 464 Amherst, Gen. 344, 3.52 Amy, Michael 340, 34 <, 355 Anderson, Samuel 311 Andrew (Indian) 125 Andres, Sir Edmund 148 Annis, Abraham 310 Samuel 359, 360 Appleton, Daniel 326, 327, 346, 350, 355, 374, 414, 419, 428, 429, 466, 487, 539, 541, .553 Hannah 470 Samuel 159, 312, 327, 330, 348, 371, 393, 428, 539 William 407, 408 Ash, Nathaniel 359 Phinahas 359 Assacambuit (Indian) 224 Asten, Abiel 262 Atkinson, Theodore 317 Attucks, Crispus 396 Atwood, James 348, 429. 533 John 311, 429, 487 Joseph 348, 358, 466, 659 Moses 429, 460, 466, 533, 641 William 352, 357, 358 Austin, Thomas 237 Zebediah 262 Auchmaty, Robert 294 Averill, Isaac 486 Ayer, Aires, or Eyres, Benjamin 73 Ayer, David 312, 327, 348, 440 Elnnezer 73, 262, 264 Edward 615 Edwin F. 540 Frederick S. 486 George W. 591, 592 Gibberd 216 Goodman 98 Hannah 174 Jacob 314, 327, 330, 346, 428 James 53, 156, 235, 267, 275, 292, 312, 333, 384, 400, 407, 466, 549, 615 John, Sen., 60, 64, 77, 256 312, 330 John 72, 73, 80, 93, 106, 156, 229, 256, 274, 275, 346, 367, 380, 395, 407, 466, 540, 541, 615 John, Jur., 60, 72, 77, 94, 138, 155 John A. 466 Jonathan 73, 417, 466 Joseph 174, 192, 197, 396, 399, 615 Josiah 216 Monroe 545 Moses 345, 419, 460 Lott 411 Nathan 346, 382, 383, "88 391, 393, 395, 400, 419, 466, 471 Nathaniel 73, 256. 615 Obadiah 73, 236, 238, 256, 274, 275, 293, 419, 466, 615 Oldgood 106 Perley 419, 540, 541 Peter 52, 72, 73, 80, 114, 124, 138, 139, 151, 157, 164, 166, 169, 173, 192, 204, 256, 314, 327, 330, 347, 348, 466, 565, 568, 615, 661 Robert 52, 72, 73, 77, 80, 142, 164, 166, 174, 256, 615 Richard 241, 275, 349, 371 372, 381, 393 Samuel 73, 94, 128, 138, 150, 164, 171, 173, 174, 176, 179, 200, 204, 207, 208, 215, 224, 225, 226, 228, 235, 274, 275, 278, 302, 312, 327, 342, 343, 348, 349, 385, 399, 410, 417, 418, 466, 548, 615, 661 Samuel W. 70, 484, 570 Simeon 314, 327, 3.30, 345, 346, 349, 410, 466 Ayer, Thomas 52, 62, 12, 13. ??< 94, 138, 155, 216, 225, 615 Timothy 138, £74, 312, 401 Widow 94 Widow Sarah 408 ■ William 262, 312, 314, 328, 349, 396, 567 & Brothers 540 Bacon, Rev. Henry 598 Badgir, Benjamin 616 Daniel 616 Ebenezer 616 Enoch 347, 616 Giles 615 James 615, 616 John 615 Joseph 301, 312, 318, 327, 330, 346, 350, 556, 615, 616, 617, 626, 644 ' Rev. Moses 374, 378, 608, 609, 616, 645 Nathaniel 347, 616 Peaslee 616 Samuel 616 Stephen 616 Thomas 616 William 618 Baehelder, Batchelder, Benjamin 353 Rev. Samuel 241, 242, 306 349, 351, 366, 368, 565, 566, 567, 568, 661 Rev. William 371, 381, 4C4, 429, 467, 470, 488, 587, 6G2 Bagley, Col. 354 Jonathan 346 Philip 382, 383, 392, 393 Stephen 594 Winthrop 330 Bailey, (See Bayley.) Rev. Abner"319 Benjamin 467 George F. 516 Henry 351 Rev. Jacob 609 John 275, 356, 395 Jonathan, 467 Joshua 263, 26G, 270, 271, 274, 275, 278, 305, 309, 312, 321, 32.3, 330, 333 Lewis 541 Nathan 4C6, 467 Nathaniel 356, 358, 466 Noah 416 Phillip 388 Wood bridge 467 Baker, Benjamin 348, 400, 407, 408. 418, 419 Capt 264 VI Baker, Edmund 397, 40S Edwiird 408, 414 John 347, 350, 3u4, 400, 407, 419 Jonathan 418 Mary 408 Moses i;76 Nathan 342, 344, 345, 347, 356, 358 Richard 416 Samuel 396 "William 393, 396, 397, 418, 497, 498 Ballon, Ilosea 595, 596 Bulch, Deacon 533, 534 Nathaniel 327, 330, 347 Westly 471, 533 Baldwin, Laorai 492 Thomas 628 Bannister, William B. 490, 633 Ballard, Ebenezer 384, 303, 397, 410, 4G6 Ball, Thomas 516 Banks, N. P. 521, 524 Barber, Samuel 411 Barefoot, AValter 143 Barker. Jonathan 358, 374, 893 Stephen 244, 251, 252, 273 470 Zebadiah 407, 408 Barnard, Rev. Edward 244, 247, 551, 554, 555, 557, 559 Edward 374, 375 Rev. Jolm 553 Rev. Mr. 316, 328 Rev. Thomas 246, 553 Barrows, Rev. Homer 365 Bartlett, Bailey 88, 374, 415, 42S, 430, 436, 440, 444, 4(;!l, 464, 466, 467, 472, 473, 474, 4S6, 489, 494, 618, 619, 620, 621, 633, 661, 662 Charles 317, 621 Christopher 164, 208, 235, 243, 209, 270, 271, 30.3, 311, 314, S96 Enoch 243, 333, 338, 346, 347, 404, 427, 428, 466, 621, 635 Francis 470 George 621 Henry 621 Isaac 393, 620 Israel 374, 375, 393, 395, 400, 407, 414, 415, 420, 428, 4<0, 447, 461, 466, C21, 661 James 429, 621 John 400, 461, 620 Jonathan 314 Joseph 226 Josiah 621 Nathaniel 311, 314, 470 Nehemiah 621 Richard 132, 138, 620 Sanmel 281. 429, 620 Thomas 620, 021 Eayse, Mathew 43 Bayley, or BaU-y (See Bailey) Amos 314, 329, 348, 417, 418, 419, 420 Benjcr 418 Ebenezcr 314, 329, 348, 355, 417, 418, 419, 420 Bayley, Humphrey 315, 349 Jeremiah 315, 329, 349, 418, 419 Joseph 341 Joshua 550, 618, 635 Luas 410, 42u Orlando 28S Richard 328, 348, 419 Thomas 314, 329 "William 314, 328 Beartoe, Joseph 311, 314 Bean, Samuel 453 Beard, William 416 Belfore, Thomas 80 Belknap, Abraham 143, Ebcnezer 312 Moses 312 Obadiah 312, 349 Samuel 94 Bell, John 628 Benson, Henry 353 Bernard, Sarah 466 Berry, Judge 328 John 382, 383, 408, 411 Betle, Timothy 397, 411 Bixbee Nathaniel 354 Black, Benjamin 343, 345 Edmund 342, 344, 345, 347, 351, 356, 358 James 312 Peter (Negro) 498 Blanchard, Samuel 470, 480 Blaisdel Jonathan 343, 351 BIy, or Bley, James 314 William 279 Blodgett & Head, 5.37 Judge 4.54 J. i). 537 Nath.an 375 Samuel 333, 338, 363, 391, 428, 444, 449, 458, 466, 021, 622, 602 Bodge, Nathaniel 384, 395 BodwcH, Bethiah '^^2 Daniel 252, 271 Henry 237, 244, 251, 252 James 252 Michael 347 Bodfish, D. P. 657 Bond, Gilbert 408 John 693 ' Joseph 128, 1.55, 174, 208, 233, 312 Borman, William 315, 349 Bowdoin, Jno. 423 Bowden. Michael ;!,->0, 755 Bowcn, Rev. William .595 Bosworth, Hantiiel 122 i Boyd, Arter, 311 Eoyea, Robert 298 Boynton, or Bventon, Abiel 396 John 312, .",26, 330, 347 O. G. 516, 601 Boutwell, Geo, S. 325 Brackett, Anthony 126 Bradford, Mr. 436 Bradley, or Bradlee Abrahsm 235, 263 Amos 34 8 Benjamin 467 Brickett 571 Cyrus 576 Daniel 136, 141,149, L53 163, 198, 312, 348, 351, 417, 467 Bradley, David 69, 348, 417, 418, 420, 430, 467 Enoch467, 470, 482, 569 Francis 466 Hannah 308, 309 & Hersey 536 Ithamore 419 Isaac 179, 268, 312, 347, 467, 623 Jesse 396 John 275, 311, 314, 345, 349, 354,356, 359 Jonathan 311, 418 Joseph 153, 156, 160, 179, 198, 200, 210, 216, 224, 235, 314, 329, 412, 466, 470 Mary 418 Mehitable 466, 470 Moses 348, 351 Nathaniel 348, 380, 435, 466, 473 Neamiah 314, 329, 348 Samuel 348, 389, 466, 470, 636 William 312, 348, 418, 420 Wingate 389, 410 Bradbury, Barnabas S12 Daniel 470, 512 David 470 Eben 408 James 279, 312, 321, 396 John 313 Samuel 349, 385, 418, 466 Sanders 345, 349 William 385 Brady, William 3.30 Bragg, S. 459, 652 Bradstreet, Dr. 179 Brainard, Samuel 662 Brant, Robert 410 Brattle, Rev. 240 Brentman, Thomas 349 Brewer, Peter 52, 04 Brewster, H. B. 655 Bryant, or Briant, Andrew ,312 David 389, 429 James 353 Matthew 353 William 347, 469 Bridge, Col. 390 Briggs, Henry 486 Brickett, Barnard 467, 599, 600 Daniel 429, 406, 510 James 275, 360, 374, 380, 381, 383, 386, 389, 390, 391, 392, 394, 399, 400, 402, 403, 404, 405, 410, 412, 413, 414, 415, 4-19, 420, 421, 422, 428, 438, 440, 447, 455, 466, 471, 556, 623, 624, 626, 644 John 408, 467, 662 Moses 429, 440 . Ward 537 & Novcs 536 Brooks, Cotton B. 429, 466 Erastus 506, 656 Rev. Edward 248 W. G. 639 Browing, John 416 Brown, or Browne, Rev. A. 595 Cotton 248 vu \ Brown, David 407 \ Ebenezer 314, 331, 345 i1 Edmund 3S5, 435, 466 ■ Epbraim 407, 408 George 48, 62, 72, 75, 77, 80, 88, 93, 94, 99, 106, 110, 112, 128, 134,' 137, 139, 143, 144, 164, 172, 173, 256,601, H. 323 ■• '" " Henry Young 336, 359, 360, 624 Jacob 359, 360 Rev. John 241, 248, 261, 279, 307, 547, 549, 550, 551, 553, 659 John 406, 470, 552, 593 Joseph 341 Josiah 349, 383, 537 Nicholas 94, 153 Kev. Richard 231 Samuel 312, 314 Simeiin 331 Thomas 248 Rev. W. C. 610 Ward 248 William 344 Brnmidse, Edward 53, 143, 156, 230 Buck, Ebenezer 312, 327 Eliplialet 397, 398, 470 Jacob 411 John 341 Jonathan 312, 333, 338, 348, 354, 428, 660 Samuel 39;'., 397, 410 Bugbee, Rev. J. II. 361 Burden, Rev. John 505 Bnrgtn, William 537"^' Burgoyne, Gen. 401, 621, 624, 630, 041 Burgess, Rev. J. S. 613 Buroeaux, Fortune 390, 397, 411 Burnham, Rev. Abraham 583 Eenjaniin 396 Burrill & ilersev 633, 654 John 342," 343, 345 Joseph 323, 400, 470 Nathan 486, 653, 654 & Tilcston 653 Burr, Aaron 019 Samuel S. 637 Buswell, or Buzzel, Benj. 536 Capt. 158 Daniel 391 Butler, William CO, 72, 106 Eutman, Thomas 317 Butters, Francis 510 Francis, Jr. 516 Otis W. 316 Button, Daniel 115 Hannah 122 ^ ') Matthias 72, 77, 93, 96, 113, 230 Cahany, Nathaniel 382 Calf, or Calfe, James 347 Isaac 347 Caldwell, or Cord well, ' Enoch 384, 4(V) Jacob 333, 030 & Pierce •335 William 491 Callis, AVilliam 311 Camball, Elexander 313 Campbell, Samuel 417 Candace (Negro) 241 Cannada, Robert 353 Thomas 353 Capron, John 593 Carleton, Aaron 413, 414, 415, . 418, 419, 420, 407 Benjamin 274, 275 Charles 062 Christopher 274, 275 Daniel 407 Deacon 224 Ebenezer 333, 389 Edward 65, 232, 252, 310, 313, 328 Enos 467 George 295 Guy, Jr. 537 James H. 519, .529 John 72, 92, 99, 100, 199, 293, 482 Jonathan 467 Kimball 443, 467 Mehitable 407 Micah 467 Nathaniel 3-13 Nehemiah 274, 275 Oliver 635 Peter 241, 313, 348, 334, 389, 410, 411, 567, 569 Phineas 374, 39.3, 395, 400 410, 419, 428, 429, 4.30, 433, 460, 462, 467, 486 Prudence 414 Richard 310 Thomas 293 Stephen 407 Games, Rev. Jihn 368 Carr, Francis "8.3, 441, 467, 662 George 49 James 300 Carrick, John E. 313 Carter, Ezra 270 Joshua 028 Carver, Nath.'iniel 470 Case, William 389, 397, 410 Cast, or Kast, Dr. 348 Castle Jacob 389 Castleng, John 343 Cesar (Negro) 639, 000 Celia (Negro) 241 Celly, Samuel 349 Chadwick, James 142, 143, 467 Mr. 489 Challis, or Chalice, David 358 Gideon 343, 345, 358 Left. 101 Chambers, William 311 Chamberlain, John 202, 487 Silas 416 William 407 Chandler, Rev. John 53 Josiah 313 Thomas 97 Chase, Abncr 279, 313, 321 Abraham 311, 314, 625 Aquila 624, 625 Amos 467, 333 Anthony 407, 410, 414, 418, 419, 467, 535, 536, 579, 625 Benjamin 470 Charles 623 Charles D. 626 Charles T. 626 & Cogswell 533 Chase, Daniel 467, 625 David 48.3, 625 Deacon 243 Eben 534 Ebenezer 349 Edmund 400 Elbridge W. 526, 663 Ephraim 385, 467 Ezra ■ 313, 328, 349, 381, 385, 399, 404, 403, 407, 408, 410, 414, 419 Frederick H. 626 George W. 191, 529, 530, 623, 626, 557, 663 Humphrey 314, 321, 328 Isaac 347, 351 Jacob 313, 321, 625 James 327, 413, 418, 410, 407 569 John 314, 321, 338, 467, 623 Joseph 467, 625, 636, 637 Joshua 467, 625 Josiah 407 Leonard 385, 467 Moody 473 Moses M. 601 Moses 623 Nathaniel 315, 328 Phillip 625 Robert 625 Samuel 334, 534, 533, 536, 309 Simeon 623 Stephen 623 Tappan 515, 316, 535, 537 582, 003, 623, 626 Thomas N. 321 Thomas 025 W. D. S. 521, 394, 662 William 347, 408,467, 594 623, 020 Woodman 407, 474, 625 Chenarie, Chcnary, John 71, 72, 77, 256 Cheney, John 382 Thomas 311, 314 Checkley, Rev. Samuel 220, 247 Chiney, Daniel 383 Nathaniel 383 Chickering, John 467 Chipman, John 248 Choate, John 331, 507 Christv, or Christie, Mr. 298 Peter 311 Thomas 311 Church, Noah 30r. Clapp, Benjamin 429 ' Clark, or Clarke, Aaron 572 Edward 72, 77, 78, 80, 143 230, 268, 274, 275 Ephraim 232 Hanniel 208, 268, 275 John 400 Jonathan 232, 232 Moses .342 Nathaniel 348, 414, 418, • 424, 407 Samuel 208, 470 Stephen. 398 Timothy 208 Rev; W. C. 612, 613 Rev. AV. T. 562 Clay, Henry 636 Jonas 353 via /K Clement, or Clements, 256 * Abiah 232 Amos 393, 467 Benjamin 160, 814, 329, 348, 380, 388, 410, 414, 467 Christopher 389 David 275, 318, 356 Hannah 265 James 341, 395, 397, 411 Jeremiah 275 Jesse 160, 306 Job 38, 45, 48. 57, 58, 60, 67, 68, 69, 70, 72, 76, 77 80, 90, 106, 141, 237, 268,269, 5481 John 48, 60, 70,'71, 72, 77 86, 90, 92, 94, 103, 328, 243, 256, 264, 269, 275, 302, 213, 314, 349, 351, 467, 661 Moses 242, 243, 313, 327, 329, 330, 346, 348, 274, 380, 404, 435, 467 Nathaniel 2:?2, 274, 275, 315, 329, 349, 351 Ohadiah 311, 314 Peter 347 -llobert 47, 48, 60, 62, 65, 8, 70, 72, 76, 77, 80, 84, 90, 110, 121, 133, 138, 256, 661 Ruth 265 SamvicI 239. 275, 312, 315 329, 347, 348, 384, 467, 631 Timothy 341, 348, 354 ^Villiam 352, 355, 357, 359 Clifford, Daniel 353 Clough, or Clugh, Daniel 512 Jethrew 343, 345 Mr. 3C6 Jonathan 152 Cobnrn, or Cobovn, 13cnoni 353 Jonathan 208, 311 Cod, Phillip 198 Cobbett, Rp.v. Thomas 97, 115 Cockle, John 392 Coffin, 256 Admiral 52 Alex. G. 51 Charles 582, 625 Pilbrick 340, 384 George 658 James 49 John 49 Joseph 486 • Mr. 106 Narcissa B. 51 Peter 49, 70, 80 Robert 217 Tristram 45, 47, 49, 60, 72 80 William 227 Cogswell, Francis 620 George 487. 598 John 242. 313, 318, .327, 334. 347, 348, 393, 419, 428, 407, 659 Joseph 318 Nathaniel 242, 313, 318, 333, 347, 016, 626, 659, 600 Thomas 371, 374. 381, 389, 393, 428, 430, 467, 494, 626 Cogswell, Rev. W. 583 Coker, Joseph 118 Colby, Colbey, or Colbie, Anthony 235, 238, 270, 279, .321, 548 Daniel 382, 383 Ednnind 353 Ebenezer 313, 321, 328, 349, 381, 385 Elizabeth 407 Ephraim 407 Isaac 94, 313, 321, 349, 300 Jonathan 353 Nii-holas 480, 491 Philbrook 341, 342, 343, ;-!45, 351, 352, 357 Richard 313, 321, 350, 300, 578 Samuel 93, 112 Theophelous 349 ■William 35.5, 356, 360 Cole, Benjamin 480 Rev. Charles H. 613 Eliph 396 Timothy 593 Colly, Nathan 353 Comings, Rev. E. J. 603, 005 Compton, William 100 Connelly, Christopher 343, 345 Cook, benjamin 467 Ezra 355 Elisha 645 James 31.5, 348, 357 John 374 William 352, 357, 358, 360, 384, 389, 96 Coon, John 342. 343 345 Copp Aaron ?5 !, 548 • David .311. 353 . JoHiah .311, 314 ■ Moses 311 Corliss, Corly, or Collv. Ch^u-les 628, 658 Daniel .355 Ephraim 74, 467, 627, 028 602 George 58, GO, 02, 67, 72. 77. SO. 106. 1"8. 186. 256 266, 348. 627, 628 John 128, 138, 315. 329, 232, 242. 315, 329, 467, 627 John S.. 348, 355. 418, 419, 467 Jonathan 487 Joseph :il5. 348. 428, 627 Joshu.-. 341, 349 Mary 2:2 Stephen 470 Thomas 31.5. .329 Corser, Samuel 358 Thomas 358 Cosset. Rev. Rana 609 Cottle, Ezra 347. 356 Levi 360 Thomas S21, 325, 323, 350 407, 491 William 467 Cotton, Rev. Eolland 109. 248 - Cousins. Isa.ac. 75, 77, 79 Cox, John 417 Craige. George 390 Cranch, William 429 Crawford, or Craflbrd, Thomas 311, 353 Crawley. 126 Cronnid, Samuel 348 Crosby, Stephen S. 583 Cross, or Crosse. Rev. Abijah 573, 574, 575, 655 John 43, 237 Peter 122 Stephen 347, 850 William 237 . -• Crowell, Calvin W. 540 James ."^.99 John 514, 597 Johathan 540. 662 Lieut. 419 i^amuel 3.55 Currier, Amos 341' 249. 414 Asa 351, 382, 383, 388, 397 Caleb 313, 821, 349, 851, 3.52 D. 323 Elizabeth 2'8 Franklin, 516 John 173, 238, 810 Jonathan 467 Joseph ;^97, 410 Nathaniel 536, 537 Reuben 302, 313, 321, 828 333, 349, 350, 351, 419, 4 5, 467 Richard 385 Samuel 93, 164, 171, 172. 173, 212. 238, 252, 315, 34 '. 845 Willibee 516 Curtis, Asa 353 Curwin, Samuel 486 Gushing, Rev. Caleb 30.3, ?99, 407, 440, 563, 665 Calebs 486 Daniel 136 Rev. James 303, 563, 564, 583 Rev. James R. 582, 583, 662 Rev. Jeremiah 136, 138, 1.39 Rev. Jonathiin 245, 246 Mr. 816, 317 Mrs. Anna 407 Peter : 96 Thomas 423 "W illiara 648 Dalton. Isaac .318 John 225 Samuel 94, 1,36. 161. 172 Stephen 133 Tristram 423, 650 Damon. Rev. Mr. 577, 598 Dana, 248 Rev. Mr. 574 Samuel 040 Danford. John 214 Dantorth, Jonathan 102, 104, 122 Samuel 244 Davis. Amos 24,3, 249, 351, 407 Beniamin 276, .321. 356 Charles 382. 383, 388, 391 397, 410, 53.5, .536 Daniel 31.3, :'.27 Elhridge G, 516 Ephraim 80 92, 115. 235, 274. 276. 313. 821 Elisha 173, 225, 252, 551 Davis, Ezekiel 242 Henry 580 James, Sen. 60. 62, 77 88, 106, 138, 256 James 38, .'iO, o+, 63, 72 80. 91, 141, 243, 252, 2.56, 467, 662 James, Jr., 60. 6.5. 72, 77, 80, 88. 93, 106, 110 Jeremiah 408 John 54, 60, 62, 71, 72 74, 77, 80, 106, 14o, 256 v 31.3, 314, 349, 389, 391, \ 397. 39S, 420, 460, 486. 632, 661 Joseph 54, 80, 93, 94, 274 276 Joshua 637 ]\Ir. 223 Moses 313, 328 Robert 276, 313, 433 fiamuel 93, 235. 268, 274 276, 31:^, 321, 329, 349 Stephen 143, 235 Thomas 47, 52, 54, 60, 62, 63, 70, 72, 77, 80, 83, 88, 94, 106, 111, 138, 143, 256, 276 William 661 William N. 576 Davison, Thomas 311 Davy, Humphrey 661 Dawen, 278 Day, William & Co. Deacon, Edward 307 Deale, William 92 Dearborn, C. C 656 Delaware, 0. H. J?. 516 Dennis, Moses 396 Denuisoii, Maj. Gen. 97, 103, 124 Rev. John 109 John 103 Dike, Edward R. 516, 603 Dimond, .John 242 Thomas 313 Dinah (Negro) 241 Dinsmore, Francis 356, 388, 414 Dix, James 385 Dodge, Ephraim 393 David 313 Joseph 386, 395, 428, 435 467, 556 Rev. Joshua 429, 488, 494 558, 559 Donalds, Reuben 396 Dow, 354 Abigail 238 Benjamin 359 Daniel 389 Isaac 347, 350 James 353 Jeremiah 353 John 156, 174, 256, 264, 311,314,318.342, 382, 383,388,392,393, 397 502. 558 Joseph 329 Moses 428 Peter 311, 314 Polly 483 Richard 353 Ruth 2.38 Samuel 235, 313 Stephen 03. 142, 143, 156, 157, 164, 166, 174, 198, 238, 268, .314, 353 I Dow, Thomas 80, 82 Timothy, 311, 314 Downes, B. R. 610 Downing, John 384, 393, 470 Moses 390, 397, 411 Downer, John 418 Dresser,- N. P. 516 Draper, Adam 235 Dudley, George 650 Paul 291, Dummer, Richard 65 Rev. Shubal 39 Duncan, Abraham 628 George 452, 628 Grant 396 John 623 James 69, 338, 348, 386, 393, 395, 404, 428, 451 452, 467, 490, 494, 553, 588, 628, 632 James, Jr. 374, 428, 451 452, 470 James H. 429, 4"6, 494, 501, 504, 507, 509, 521, 52,3, 536, 542, 609, 638 661, 662, 663 Mrs. James H. 501 Robert 628 Samuel 374, 393, 623 Samuel W. 156, 168, 429 486. 488, 489. 628 Mrs. Samuel W. 309 Samuel B. 628 William 628 Durgan, Benjamin 356 James 306 Duston, Dustin, or Durstan Abigail 232 Caleb 319 Charles 197 David 467 Dudley 382, 388, 395 Ebenezer 400 Hannah 152, 185, 187, 192 197, 308, 658 James 353 John 311, 313, 658 Jonathan 196, 265, 311, 315, 329, 331, 340, 341, 848, 382, 383, 388, 393, 410, 65S " Joshua 347 Josiah 194 Mrs. Lucia H. 191 Moses 356, 360 Nathaniel 197, 235, 315 348,351, 389,467,658' Obadiah .319 Rachel 407 Samuel 314, 319 Stephen 393 Thomas 94, 128, 138, 18.5, 192, 19-3, 194, 195, 196, 200, 236. 313, 319. 328 329, 469, 482, 630, 618 Timothy 658 & Treat 467 Dwight, Dr. 193, 459, 461 Dyer, Christopher 626 Eastman or Easman, 253 Capt. 333 Ebenezer 254, 257, 266 274, 276. 278, 283, 289,' 696 Ephraim 476 85 Eastman, Jeremiah 276 John 346 Joseph 276 Jonathan 235, 269 Moses 276 ■ Nathaniel 276 Obadiah 276 Peter 311 ; Phillip 94, 125, 128, 138, 254, 276 Roger 276 Sarah 198 Thomas 94, 128 William 34 Easterbrooks Hannah 467 Samuel 349 Eames, Capt. 432 Daniel 407, 440 Moses 342, 347 Samuel 347, 350, 407, 408 430, 407 Theodore 630 Earwin, Joseph 311, 314 Eaton or Eatton, Rev. Asa 609 Amos 418, 420, 467 Benjamin 348 David 341, 347, 354, 356 Deacon 336 Ebenezer 2.32, 266 Elbridge G. 528, 597, 662 Elijah 470 ■ Enoch 382, 383 Hannah 238 Isaiah 382, 38.3, 388 James 315, 329, 349 Job 235 John Sen., 106, 272, 313, 348 John 60, 72, 77, 80, 88, 92 173. 2.35, 239, 256, 265, 315, 328, 382, 383, 388, 391, 393, 433, 550 Jonathan 173, 231, 233, 315, 349 Joseph 348, 410, 414, 415, 417, 418, 419, 467 Judith 230 Moses 313, 321, 329, 341 349 Nathaniel 356, 358, 382 383, 388, 491, 414 Phineas 467 Peter 630 Rebeccah 467, 470 Robert W. 487 S. 224 Samuel 312, 314, 565 Timothy 147, 313, 321, 329, 334, 348, 372, 874, 377,380, 381, 399, 404, 405, 410, 414, 417, 419, 420, 467, 569, 580 Thomas 52, 72, 80, 164 168, 173, 198, 208, 256, 257, 208, 315, 328 Ward 473 Edes, Benjamin Jr., 459, 652 Edwards, Rev. Dr. 49§. & Harding 537 , • John 31.3, .329, .349 Nathaniel 31.3, 349 William 419, 470, 636 Ela, Daniel .52, 88, 92, 106. 122 131, 134, 138, 140, 14l! 143, 173, 174, 175,, 238 26.5, 313, 321, 328' Ela, Israel 313, 321, 328 Jacob 275, 313, 328, 385, 418, 419, 420, 467 John 232, 235, 238, 313, 380, 381, 418, 419, 420 Jonathan 385, 467 Samuel 232, 313, 321, 329 349, 382, 383, 388, 407, 408 . Elexander, Sartle 416 Elkins, Joseph 396 Elliott, or Eliot, Ephraim 380, 393, 419, 467, 581 Rev. John 96 Thomas 467 Emerson, Abraham 467 Amos 349 Beniamiu 174, 237, 311, 499, 548, 659 Beniamin 2d 515, 516, 535 603 Daniel 467 David 204, 311, 314 Elezer 349 Elizabeth 145 Ephraim 311, 314 Ithamar 315, 327, 330, 342 349, 414, 467 Jabesh 314, 659 James 341, 343, 345, 346, 343, 349, 354, 355, 358, 360, 388 James H. 429 Jeremiah 418, 419 John 315. .329, 342, 346, 349, 418, 467 Jonathan 156, 174, 188, 206, 215, 223, 231, 236, 315, 329, 345, 348, 351, 419, 541, 548, 567, 630 Joseph 52, 149, 174. 235, 237, 303, 314, 315, 329, 342, 346, 348, 351, 358, 360, 382, 383, 388, 391, 417,418, 419, 548 Josiah 345, 349, 418, 467 Luther 522 Mark 347, 382. 389 Mehitebal (widow) 314 Michael 52, 86, 92, 122, IHO, 138, 145, 1P4, 174, 192, 208, 315, 329, 348, 418, 630, 658 Moses 382, 383, 388, 389, 392, 400, 467, 630 Moses E. 510 Nathan 486, 630 Nathaniel 122, 232, 486 Nehemiah222, 223, 229. 314, 347, 384,393, 418, 420, 424, 429, 467, 470, 543. 630 Obadiah 315 Orenzo T. 526 ' Tcter 315, 348, 355, 382, 383, 388, 418, 419, 5j9 Phillip 353, 357 Kichard 313, 327, 330, 347 356 Robert 52, 94, 115, 116, 137, 140, 195, 311, 314 Ruth 41 8 Samuel 164, 235, 315, 329 382, 383, 630 Emerson, Stephen 274, 276, 311, 315 Susannah 467 Thomas 198 Timothv 198, 311, 314, 315, 329, 348, 351, 467, 541,567 Toothaker W. 348 Webster 355, 358 ' William 341 & Webt 536 Emery, Benjamin 357 536 Caleb 353 Ephraim 429, 467 Humphrey 311 John 79, 158, 348, 407, 467 Jonathan 311 Joshua 315, 348, 349, 382, 383, 388, 417, 418, 419 Moses 468 Noah 353 Endicott, John 27, 143 Evans, David 593, 606 Fales, Rev. T. F. 610 Farley, George 129 Farmer, William 352 Farnsworth, Rev. Thomas G. 574, 596, 655, 662 Farnham, Barachias 328, 337 Douglass 592 James 407 John 347 Farnnum, David 348, 352, 354, 356 John 430 Roswell 536 William 350, 356 Farrar, Kimball 537 Farwell, Rev. Asa 575 J. H. 656 Favor, John 39, 45, 72 Fay, Aaron 358 Galen H. 4?9, 652 Felt, Joseph B. 556 Ferren, Alpheus 396 Fessenden, Josiah 383 Moses 428 Finney, Rev. Geo. W. 604 Fiske, James 60, 64, 71, 72, 74, 77, 80, 256 Rev. 246 Firman, Gyles 35 Fitch, Rev. Charles 516, 604 Fitts & Roberts 530 D. F. 602 Fitz, Nathaniel 470 Flags, Joseph 3471 Flanders, Joseph 516 William 353 Fletcher, Rev. C. 595 Fling, Peter 341 Flint, or Flynt, Edward 300, 313 324, 327, 332 Flood, Daniel 353 Richard 311 Silas 343, 344, 353 Folsom, Rev. N. P. 562 FoUonsbee, John 480, 534 Thcjuias 30n. 312, 314 William 313 Foot, Enoch 062 John 355 Nathaniel 516 Bowel 347 Foot, Samnel 184 Ford, James 174 Mary 160 Robert 94, 138, 155, 311 Robert, Jr. 52, 264, 268 Samuel 143, 155 Foss, John 4S0 Forsh, Askebell 311 Foster, Abrel 313 Asa 592 Isaac 346 John 353 Jonathan 408 Oliver 470 Phineas 264 Samuel 342, 343, 345, 347, 354, 416 Foules, Benjamin 347, 352, 355, 357 Fowler, Benjamin 350 Mr. 276 Franklin, Jonathan 165 French, John 312, 314 Jonathan 557 Moses 534 Nathaniel 300 Sampson 352, 350, 357 Sampson, .Ir. 352 Frink, Andrew 326, 327, 330,486 496 John 341, 342, 344, 347 Jonathan 345 Frost, Cato (Negro) 396 Frothingham, E. G. 657 Frye, James 346. 361, 388, 389, 390, 392, 623 William F. 470 Fuller, J. & N. S. .'■)36 John S. 597 Fulsom, (See Folsom) Josiah 347 Samuel 396 Samuel B. 410 Gage. Abel 419 Alfred 516, 603 Ebenezer 347. 384, 407, 428, 468, 662 Job 331, .347, 359, 382, 383, 388, 393, 397, 410 John 313, 324, 827. 353, 384, 395, 400, 408 Joseph 353 Josiah 94. 132, 13.5, 138, 139, 141, 142, 164, 174, 208 Lemuel 388 :Mr. 453 Rev. Nathaniel 562 Samuel 315, 329, 397, 411 Solomon 358 Stephen 315, 349 Thomas 347, 370, 468 Gale, Benjamin 313, 3i7, 330, 346, 433 Daniel 347 James 501, 502, 654 Moses 428, 468, 491, 532 Samuel 347 Stephen 349 Gardner, Cipt. 217 James 535 Rev. Joshua 232, 234, 241 244, 256, 547. 548 Samuel, Jr. 486 Guy, or Guie, William 341, 349, 359 XI &atchell, Ezra 3'9 Nathaniel :a2, 314 Gates, Gen. 4U.3, 623 George, Amos 419, 403 Austin 341, 347, 407, 468 David 349, 385 Gideon 313, 321, 323. 344, 345, 346, 349, 407, 414, 578, 648 • James 79 John 238, 313, 321, 328, 300 1 John S.418 Jonathan 347, 330 Joseph T. 601 Justin 414 Lewis 382, 383, 388, 463 Moses D. 526 Eichard 468 Samuel 344, 348, 354, 383 535, 537 & Whittier 53« William 313, .321, 328, 348, 349, 356, 487 Gerrish, Col. 389 Samuel 341 Gerry, Gov. 619 Giddin?, George 43 Gile, Guile, or Gild, Aaron 537 Asa 342, 343, 34.5, 347, 350 Amos 393 468 Daniel 314 Ephraim 164, 174, 235, 263, 347, 548 Goodman 108 James 313, 328, 408 James F. 526 John 138, 14.3, 171; 347, 352, 353, 358, 403 Joseph 208 Joshua 353 Mehet.ible 233 Mr. 258 Sarah 238 Samuel 38, 52, 60, 71, 72, 77, 80, 88, 93, 98, 138, 256, 313, 328, 347 Gill, Daniel 312 Ebenezer 311 Joseph 311 Moses 311 Gilman, Capt. 389, 396 Jolin 53 Rev. Josiah 576 Jno. Jloody 359 Nath^aiicl 359 Gilmer, M. 516 Gilmore, James 311 Robert 311 AVil'iam 311 Gin, (Negro) 241 Gibson, Gipson, or Jipson, Jolin 382, 383, 396, 398, . 411 Girdler, John 636 Glover, John 403, 408 Gleason, David 470, 637 Macajah 389, 391 Gofte, John 348, 355 Goldwin, George 72, lOS Googins, Mr. 505 Goodrich or Goodridge 161 Barnard 468, 490, oM John 385, 408, Goodrich, Rev. M. 598 Timothy, Jr., 305, 565 Gookin, Jlr. 30 Gorden, Michael 311 Goss, or Gross, John 348, 355, 397, 408, 414 Gould, Francis 652 William 411 Graves, Ebenczer 407 James 311 Samuel 311 Graham, John 411 Gray, Harrison 346 Great Tom (Indian) 43 Greelee, Grealy, or Grealey, Andrew 99, 100, 106, 111, 130, 133, 170, 532 Benjamin 128, 313, 329, 350, 516 Joseph 143, 171, 173, 238, 242, 313, 32 i, 328, 333, 349, 350, 385, 41 8, 420, 468, 535, 537, 578, 581 Gregory, Jonas 122 Green, David 400 Ebenezer 344 Jacob 384, 400 John 31.3, 329, 393, 463, 470, 490 Moses 470 Nathaniel 314, 653 Peter 94, 173, 194, 195, . 235, 238, 239, 269, 275, 313, 321, 329, 578, 653 Greenleaf, Abel 468 Caleb 46-8 Daniel 357, 374, 430 Dorothy 468 Ebenezer 408 Edmund 324, 327, 330 Henry 355 Samuel 374, 393, 593 Sarah 470 William 327, 346, 357, 307, 374, 375, 380, 393, 397, 411, 419, 428, 429, 4:30, 468 Greenough, Allen 346 Ebenezer 374, 400, 429 Moses 369 Parker 542 Robert 353 Sally and Betsy 4G8 Simeon 390 Symoods 327, 333, 345 347 Thomas M. 486 William 374, 429, 553, 653 Greenwood, Rev. Thomas J. 597 Gridley, Col. 389, 390 Griflin, Mr. 217 Daniel 341, 349, 357, 382, 383, 388, 392 Ebenezer 382, 383, 388 Grimes, Charles G. 536 James 536 Griswell, Rev. A. V. 609 Grosvenor, Rev. M. G. 571 Gubtal it Haseltine 535 Guilford, Rev. H. P. 593, 657 Gatterson, John 237, 252 Gyles, John 220 Haddock, Charles .347, 400, 407 Daniel 429 Haddock, James 463 Hadly, Abel 358 George 352, 335, 357, 338 Hagar (Negro) 220, 241 Hale, 429 Christopher 486 Ebenezer 320, 327, 330 Edman 243, 312, 314 V Enoch 353 \ Ezekiel 215, 468, 474, 481 ■■.. 482, 480, 499, 506, 510, "x 511, 541, 003 tezekiel, Jr., 516 E. M. J. 001 Joseph 348, 355 James 002 Saraui^l 486 Sarah J. 186 Thomas 60, 63, 65, 68, 71 72, 73j 70, 83, 106 William 510 Hall, Charles 3/j6, 3.58 Charles B. 662 John 347 Joseph 407 Nathaniel 347 Prince 240 Thomas 311 Samuel 84 Hammond, A. W. 499 E. H. 525 Hamilton, Robert 336 Hancock, John 423, 619 William 311, 313, 327 330 Hanniford, Asa 539 Zachariah 313, 321, 341, 338 Hanson, Elizabeth 153 Itev. J. W. 599 Hardy, Daniel 392 Joseph 385 Timothy 242, 314, 326 Harmon, David P. 534 George O. 516 James 516 William 397 & Kimball 535, 536 Harding, Isaac 657 Jesse 429, 471, 482, S34, 535 John M. 657 Thomas 53V, 663 Harris, or Harrice, Abiel 466 Benjamin 350 C. D. 470 Rev. Edward N. 589 David 348, 393 Jonathan 343, 35.5, 393, 400 John H. 656 Rev. J. M. 395 Harriman, Abner 312, 314 Edwin .504, 655 Enoch 419 Jesse 317 Joel 347, 350, 3,82, 383, 407, 414, 415, 419, 420 John 268, 209, 312, 314 Jonathan .349, 351 Joseph 243, 312, 314, 316 Joshua 243, 314 Leonard 312, 314 Matthew 94, 138, 174, 135 235, 237, 239, 2.52, 268, 269, 283, 314 Moses 384, 393, 408 xu Harriman, Page 341, 343, 349 Kiohard 314, 327 Siimuel 585 Simon 407, 40S, 409 Stephen 314, 3i'7, 347, 348 Tiustworthj' 414 ■William 397, 411 Harrod, 176 Benjamin 242 James 374 Joseph 428, 468 Harrison, Gen. 629 Hart, Thomas 601 Haseltine, Amos 545 Benjamin 313 Charles 536 Daniel 345, 346, 349 Henry 312, 314 James 315, 329, 348, 351, 400. 419, 453, 468, 470 Jeremiah 315, 348, 418, 419, 420 John 69, 72, 74, 93, 94, 116, 128, 135, 138, 155, 164, 172, 174, 235, 249, 313, 315, 328, 349, 356, 468, 548, 549, 661 Jonathan 313, 341, 345, 346, 348, 355 Joseph 315, 328, 342, 345, £49, 567 Ladd 468, 493 Lydia 417, 420 Maxe 347 Moses 382, 383, 388, 417 Nathan 314, 327, 3H0, 348 Nathaniel 94, 128, 138, 155, 170, 174, 237, 315 Philip 315, 329, 417, 661 Polly 318 Eiohard 389, 420^ Eobert 69, 74, 84, 86 Eiith 417, 420 Samuel 232, 241, 253, 315 327, 342, 345, 348, 351, 420 Sarah 238 Timothy 313 "Ward 662 William 500 Hassel, Rev. Eoliert 263, 562 Hartshorn, John 94, 138 Euth IGO Susannah 232 Thomas 94, 128, 138, 221, 225 Hastings, George 313, 321, 328 John 252, 348, 419 Levi 414, 416 Eobert 94, 238, 279, 284, 313, 321, 349, 577, 578 "William 653, 654 Hatch Aroet 533 Estes 220 Eev. Leonard B. 593, 594 Phebe 408 & Spofford 533 Haynes, or Haines, Ammi 418 Amy E. 348, 351 David 348, 351 Guy C. 185, 203 Jonathan 184, 198, 199, 315, 328, 399 Haynes, Joseph 184, 198, 201, 242 315, 338, 348, 351, 372, 379, 380, 404, 468, 567, 568 Hayes. Mary 184 Moses 535 Perly 398, 411 Phineas 545 Eev. Mr. 303 Thomas 184, 271, 315 327 333, 400, 468, 565, 666, 567 Hayes, Thomas M. 519 & Peniberton 5y7 Hazzen, Hannah 265 John 242, 316, 317, 353 Moses 53, 243, 264, 274, 276, 303. 313, 329, 332, 342, 343, 345, 348 Gen. Moses 53, 623, 640 Eichard 173, 253, 261, 265 267, 271, 274, 276, 289, 291, 292, 294, 296, 298, 299, 313, 316, 327, 330, 333, 513, 551, 661 Sarah 265 Head, John L. 516 Heath, Bartholomew 52, 60, 71, 72, 73, 74, 77, 80, 88, 93 100, 213, 256, 266, 312, 314 Benjamin 311 Caleb 311 Daniel 348 David 300, 311, 359 Enoch 416 Goodman 106 Hannah 238 James 237, 268, 311 John 80, 88, 94, 115, 200, 213, 235, 269, 276, 311, 312, 314 Joseph 174, 237, 312, 314, 548 Joshua 352, 357 Josiah 94, 200, 235. 237, 268, 312, 314, 353, 548 Mr. 273 Nathaniel 311 Nehemiah 274, 276, 312, 314 Eichard 311 Samuel 312, 314, 389, 537 .' 590 Bylvanus 347, 355 Bttphtn 342 William 264, 312, 314, ■ 353 Hendrick, Abraham 160 Israel 156, 164 Jonathan 12S, 235 Jotham 138, 17;i, 208, 239 214 Daniel 52, 60, 72, 75, 77. • 80,83, 106, 143,256661 Hertel of Chambly 224 Henry, Patrick 379 Henshaw Joshua 411 Herrick, Daniel 313 Hersey, Caleb 521, 535, 537,653, &34, 662 & Whittier 537 Houston, Heuston, or Huston, John 313 John A & Co. 541 "William 410 Heivlt, Rev. Mr. 498 Heyward, Oliver 221 Hibbard, Daniel 356 Hyde, James 342, 345 Hills, Daniel 384, 393, 418, 419 Georce W. 470 Eev. Stephen P. 589 Nathaniel 429 Hilton, Benjamin 315 Hind, John i21 Hinkley, Eev. Fredrick 562 John 327, Hobson, Daniel 534, 536 Hodge, Capt. 342 Hogg, Hog, or Hoag John 311 Joseph 51 Samuel 343 William 311 ^ Hogkins. John 31 Holdridge, "William 72, 77,' 256 Holgate, James 313, 321 Holt, Joseph 155 Nicholas 99 Hollaway 410 Hopkins, 516 Thomas 395, 410 Hopewell (Indian) 241 Horsford, Rev. Benj. F. 600, 612 Horner, Thomas 311 Hovey, Mr. 009 J. 484 E. P. 486 How, Howe, Calvin "W. 486 David 391, 429, 460, 46?, 490, 512, 533, 540, 588, 631, 632, 633, 634, 662 David W. 631 Isanc 468, 540, 541, 542 Isaac E. 429, 498, 501, 634, 650, 654 Mrs. I. R. 501 Isaiah 199 James 429, 631 Jacob 062 Moses 344 Nathl S. 661 Phineas 540, 543 Sarah 588 & Mitchell 542 Howard, Benjamin 343, 344, 345 John 313 Joshua 317, 347 Hoyt, Hoitl, or Hoight, Daniel 635 George H. 528 Jabez 353 John 71, 72, 184 Moses 468 "William 342, 343, 345, 353, 480, 537 Hewlett, Ensign 65 Hubbard, D;ivid 408 Eev. Ml-. 108 Hudson, James 430 Hull, John 128 Humphrey, Eev. Edward 595 Huukings, or Hnnkins, Benjamin 352, 357, 358 Caleb D. 661 David 408 Hannah 420 John 311 Jonathan 385, 468 Eobert 235, 238, 279, 313, 321, 329, .349 Thomas 313, 321, 349 Hunt, Jonathan 353 xm Hunt, Samnel 313 Huse, Capt. 474 John 348, 420, 468 Stephen 313, 327, 330, 348 Hussey, Christopher 38, 60, 72 Hutchins, or Hutohings, BeDJamin 174 David 313 Hezekiah 344 I Jeremiah 348, 509 I John 02, 72, 79, 83, 87, 99 106, 118, 208, 235, 241, 250, 397, 410, 411 " Jonathan 311 -.^ Joseph 94, 138, 208, 223, 315, 328, :-o4, 357, 507 Nathan 315 Eobert 243 Samuel 94, 128, 132, 138, 104, 174, 208, 235, 252, 315, 061 Thomas 119 Willi;mi 348, 355, 356 Hutchinson, Elisha 516 Lt. Gov. 301, 370 Ingalls, Eltlad 315 Elias T. 499 Henry 341, 408 Timothy 343 & Johnson 536 Ingerfiekl, John 342, 345 Peter 342, 345, 347 IngersoII, Rev. Ira 571 John 480 Zebnlum 470 Ingraham, Josiah 358 Jack (Negro) 358 Jackm->n, Moses 312, 314 Samuel 407 Jackson, Major 442, 447 Stephen 382, 383, 393 Jacques, A. B, 432, 404 John 349, 358 Stephen 247, 281 Jarvis, Wm 035 JefllTS, John 349 Jekyll, John 045 Jeuueson, Matthew 389 Jenness, Cornelius 510, 537 Jennings, Rev. John 595 Jenny (Negro) 242 Jewett, Joseph 74, 80, 88, 256, 257 Stephen 649 Sewell E. 516 Jipson, John 300, 398 Johnson, Allan M. 030 Andrew 539, 507, 636 Beniamin 408, 030 Charles 317 Charles E. 036 Cornelius 314, 329, 346 Daniel 243, 313, 314, 328, 346, 349, 380, 407, 408, 414, 415, 420, 474, 496, 679, 635, 630 Elias 358, 410, 418, 419, 420, 468, 579, 581, 583, 630 Enoch 348 Freilriek G'.O Frederick W. 030 George 036 Johnson, George Hazen 636 Hannah 210, 025, 635, 636 Hazen W. 030 Herbert M. 036 J. Henry 516 James T. 636 John 72, 88, 92, 94, 107, 128, 137, 143, 158, 164, 172, 174, 221, 225, 228, 250, 257, 270, 314, 323, 308, 410, 429, 468, 469, 470, 484, 485, 495, 018, 625, 034, O^iO, 001 Jonathan 210, 312, 314 Joseph 72, 02, 94, 106, 138 164. 174, 237, 304, 393, 396, 548, 002, 035, 636 Leonard 537, 636 Maverick 313, 329, 349, 419, 635 Michael 311, 317 Moses 636 Nathaniel 268, 209, 312, 314, 329, 347, 350, 468, 635, 6 ;0 Nathan 582, 583, 036, 637 Peter 343, 346, 418, 420, 636 Samuel 813, 327, 347, 399, 597, 035, 030, 002 Samuel M. 486 Sarah 238 (Sally) 590 Seth 242, 349, 418, 419, 420, 030 Stephen 2o5, 311 Susannah 409 Thomas 225, 235, 237, 238, 252, 313, 314, 317, 328, 408, 483, 548, 583, 635, 630 Timothy 274, 276, 310, 340, 351, 353, K57, 358, 382, 383, 388, 391, 407, 413, 414, 415, 418, 420, 440, 035, 630 Washington 88, 516, 637 William 174, 231, 235, 253 208, 302, 310, 314, 330, 415, 420, 034, 035, 037 William P. 036 Zacariah 311 & George John (Indian) 43, 297 Jones, Abner 500, 503 Joshua 410 Josiah 306 Jose, Richard 411 Judith, (Negro) 243 Judson, A. .Ir. 012, 643 Kancamagus (Indian) 31 K.eeley, Rev. George 332, 4'i9, 458, 409, 588, 589, 662 Josiah 521 Chase & Co. 536 Kelcy, Alexander 311 Kelly, or Kellev, John & Co. 536 Joseph 279, 313, 321, 329, 349, 380, 407, 414, 469, 578 Langley 407. 408 Richard 305, 349 Kendrick, or Kenrick, 490 Aimer 408 Daniel 374 Kendrick, John 468 Kendall, Asaph 470, 596 Rev. S. E. 575 Kcnniston, John 126 Kent, Jeremiah 353 John 311 Justin 429, 468 Richard 273 Stephen 70, 72, 70, 77, 78, 80, 81, 88, 119, 256 Kezar, Kezer, or Keyzar, Ebenezar 313 George 198 John 121, 128, 139, 142, 101, 172, 173, 311, 313, 315, 348, 417, 420 Moses, 393, 398, 410 Timothy 347, 350, 355, 408 Kimball, A. L. 057 Abigail 108 Abner 313, 327, 333, 385, 308, 410 Abraham 313, 327, 330, 345 Benjamin 153, 408 Betsey 590 Charles O. 499 Cotton 384, 400, 468 David 350, 468 * David C. 571 Ebenezer 352, 354, 35t Edmund 407, 537 Eliphalet 499 Hazen 487 Hermon 516 Henry 128, 133 Jabez 420 James 348, 383, 384, 388, 380, 399, 407, 408 John 125, 108, 275, 470 Jonathan 311, 353, 357, 414, 408 Joseph 125, 357, 480 Joshua 309 Mary (widow) 312, 314 Moses- 408, 480 Rev. Moses 035 Nathan 408 Nathan S. 063 Nathaniel 3S0, 393 Phinehas 433 Richard 261, 308, 410, 414 418, 439, 408, 535, 536 Samuel 313, 314, 393 Solomon 408 Thomas 125, 254 Timothv 354, 358, 359 William 343 Kingsbury, Col. 344 Ephraim 134, 151 Henry 53, 110 James 94 John 94 Joseph 94, 132, 138, 174, 200 Samuel 138 Thomas 128, 155, 174, 193 200 Kinnicum, Askebell 311 Kittredge, Alfred 500, 504, 521, 601, 052 Cato 300 Thomas .303 Knapp, John 3>50 Knight, Abicl 341 XIV Knight John 138 Nathaniel 311 Richard 353, Soi Knowltou, Capt. 390 I'rancis 353 Nathaniel 313, 32G, 327, 330 Samuel 353 Knowles, Eufus K. 537 Lacount, or Leacount, James 348, 353 Moses 398, -110 Samuel 393, 409 La Chasse 260 Ladd, or Lad, 539, 541 Abigail 232 Asa 349 Daniel, Sen., 93, 94, 138, 315 Daniel 38, 48, 60, 62, 68, 72, 74, 77, 89, 93, 94, 96, 124, 12S, 235, 256, 315, 328, 329, 348, 349, 355, 357, 548, 567, 661 Dilly 318 _ E. 459, 652 Dudley 347, 400, 468, 553 Ezekiel 138, 317, 347 Goodman 106 Heman 375 John 232, 252, 269 315 328 Natiianiel 128, 160, 468 Samuel 94, 128, 145, 164, 199, 201 Timothy 313 William 348, 351, 410, 418, 419 Laferty, James 416 Lake, Kphvaim E. 486 Joseph 470 Joshua 580, 636 Oliver P. 535 Lamhard, Rev. Mr. 571 Lamson, William 374. 468 Lamout, William 89, 393 Langdon, Rev. Mr.- 390 Laneeton, Roger 100 Lawrence, Rev Edw. A. 600 Lawson, Christopher 72 Lear, Mr. 442, 447 Lebeter, Henry 347 Leach, Benjamin 347 Lee, George W. 536 John 4 11 Le Bosquet, Caleb 429, 470, 499, 539, 662 Lenardson, Samuel 190 Leonards, James 650 Lemuel 662 Nathaniel 650 Levett, Daniel 359 Sarah 414 Leverett, Rev. 246 Levi (Negro) 241 Lewis, Rev. Wales 583 Lindall, 226 Linforth, Thomas 72, 77, 88, 256 Little, Bond 333 Rev. Daniel 316 Daniel '03, 311, 316, 549 Ezekiel 318 George 311 Joseph 511 Moses 355 Little, Samuel 311 Thomas 313 William 470 Littlehale, John 117, 123 Richard 38, 55, 00, 67, 72, 77, 80, 106, 250 Long, Benjamin 396 Richard 109 Loring, William P. 486 Lovell, John 279 Lovewell, Capt, 263 John 353 Joseph 333 Lovejoy, Henry 433 Lovekins, Samuel 349 Longley, Rufus 429, 460, 521, 635, 6-17 Mrs. Rufus 501, 518 Loughlar, John 410 Low, Hannah 468 Lowger, Jonathan 382, 383, 398, 400 Lufkin, Jonathan 313 Lull, Moses 541 Macy, Thomas 80 Mansise, Cornelius 3 17, 389, 394, 427, 428, 429, 430 Hannah 40.3 Simon 400, 428, 463 Mansfield, Col. 389 Mansur J. W. 500 Maine, Rev. Amos 53 Mather Rev. Increase 97 Rev. Cotton 37, 186, 247 Marble, Caleb 353 Enoch 348 John 315, 329, 349, 417, 590, 591 Jonathan 315, 339 Nathaniel 283, 315 Samuel 269, 315, 396 Marsden, George 375, 383 Mariah (Negro) 241 Marland, G39 Marsh, or Mash, Abigail 418, 496 Cutting, 347, 428, 433468 6;!8 David 313, 3'^8, 346. 348, 374, 393, 400, 418, 419, 420, 428, 429, 468, 549, 638, 639, 661 Deacon 269 Enoch 347, 353, 374, 381, 393, 395, 400, 419, 420, 4», 468, 532, 638 Ephraini 315, 328, 638 George 638 Hezekiah 359 James 639 John 155, 174, 235, 429, 548, 349,571,638, 639 Jonath.an 217. 313, .328, 349, 351, 578, 638, 639 Lvdia 496 Moses 347, .350, 429, 440, 468, 470, 638 Nathaniel 347, 374, 37.5, 393. 394, 393. 400, 407, 412, 414, 428, 430, 433, 433, 440, 408, 471, 539, 541, 62,3, 638, 639, 662 Onesiphorus 138. 149, 153 164, 174, 188,638 Marsh, Samuel 639 Thomas 160, 638 & Hutchinson 536 Marshall, Henry 358 Mr. 516 Martin, Rev. Job H. 600, 603, 603, 604 Oliver 470 Robert 410 Truman M. 516, 663 Mason, Rev. L. B. 598 John 280 Massey, Barthol. 416 Maverick, Elias 88, 634: John 633 Samuel 239 Maxfield, Elipha. 359 Henry 357, 339 May, Rev. Mr. 505 Mayhew, Nathaniel 470 McCurdy, John 345, 346 Roberd 311 MoCasling, John 347 McCafee, Daniel, ill Hugh, 311 John 311 McCaster, John 311 MeDurmid, Hugh 396 McDonnell, Rev. John T. 603 Mci'arten, James 311 Paul 311 McEarland, James 0. 463 Moses 380, 391, 396, 403 Nathaniel 389 McHard, James 243, 243, 309, 313, 327, 330, 338, 347, 374, 428, 430, 433, 468 McMaster, William 311 McNiel, Rev. Wm. .599 Mclvissich, John 3.39 McQuesten. Daniel P. 662 McWhite, Thomas 396 Mead, Mr. 570 Meady, Thomas 534, 596 Mercer. Abiel 173, 269 Richard 116 Mercy, (Negro) 243 Merrill, or Merriel Mr. 594 Abell 232 David 317, 349, 353, 357 Rev. Giles 407, 442, 44.5, 468, 564, 639 Isaac 386 Israel 347, 350, 351 • James 386 James 0. 639 John 274, 276 Jonathan 277, 311 J. B. 540 Joseph 265, 315, 323 Moses, 188, 192, 196, 276, 342, 343, 344, 345, 349 Nathan 313, 340 Nathaniel 232, 268, 276, 311, 31.3, 548, 551 Ruth (Widow) 315 S.amuel 264, 348, 371, 380, 381, 393, 399, 404, 405, 407, 410, 414, 415, 416, 418, 419,-420, 441, 408 Sarah 232 Thomas 276, 348 Rev. W. P. 593 William 521 Merrie, Daniel 329 Joseph 38, 60. 106 Merrick, Josepli 486 Merritt, Rev. D. N. 604, 605 Messe"-, Massar, or Mercer, Abiall 252, 263 Leonard 486 Thomas 2o3 Timothy 313 MiUer, John 311 ' Stephen 344, 346 Rev. William 511, 604 Mills, Samuel J. 642 James 311 Milliken, See Mullikin. Daniel 350 John 394, 399, 412, 415, 42S Middleton, Peter 359, 393, 395, 408 Samuel 345, 847, 350, 352 354, 357, 359, 360, 384, 393, 393, 410. 440 Wiliam 341, 342, 345, 347 Mingo, Thomas 314 Minot, George 040 Stephen 429, 639, 662 Mirick, B. L. 502 Mitchell, Mr. 310 Abigail 232 Andrew 23.5, 269, 31.5, 327 Bradley .349, 351, 407 Daniel 399 Eben 541 Kbenezer 348, 419 George 269 James 315 John 315, 348, 351, 404, 419. 575 Jonathan 323 Marv 232 Philip 315 Samuel G. 382 William 264, 315, 328, 348 Mogg, (Indian) 126 Moice, Goodman 72 Montgomery, J. P. 516. 537 Moody, Abigail 468, 470 Benjamin 314, 398, 410 Cutting 594 David 359 Elisha 347, 3.50, 3.55 Humphry 398, 410, 644 Moses 414, 408, 470 Moses B. 558, 559, 629 Nathaniel 398, 410 Rev. 246 William 644 Morley, Mr. 333 Morgan, Moses 314 Mooers, or Mores, Amrairahama 347 Benjamin 347, 374, 395, 41)1), 428, 429, 468, 553, 640, 041 Capt. 389, 391 David 385, 393 Daniel 340. 347 Edmund 320, 327, 330, 34hlet 311 Ezekiel 31', 321 John 52, 62. 138, 139. 142 143, 164, 173, 174, 238, 239, 256, 38.5, 418, 661 John Jr. 72, 93, 173, 235, 277, 356 John C. 469 Jonathan 311, 318, 345 Jeremiah 261, 313 « Joseph 94, 174, 213, 217, 208, 274, 277, 311, 388, 409 Joshua 311, ol3, :i27, 330. 342 Lewis 31.3, ,^21, 328, .M9, Mich.iel 352, 357, 358 Nathan 340. 342, 'Mi, 345 Nathaniel 274, 277, 313, .321 Obediah 352 Oliver .342, 343. .345, 353, 359, 389, 398, 411 Parker 424 • Peter 349 XTl Page, Samuel 349, 385, 420 Solomon 344 Stephen 35:5 Thomas 274, 277, 315, 329 424, 567 Timothy 311, 345, 353 William 348 349 351 352 357 385 & Kimball 535 Paine, Mr. 42 Palmer, Henrv 38. 60, 63, 65, 67, 70, 72, 77, 80, 83, 85, 88 94, 106, 114, 137, 256, 615, 661 James 593 John E. 590, 592 Joseph 313 J. U. 657 Timothy 459 Parker, Mr. 577 Rev. Benjamin 242, 350, 555, 578, 579, 580 Daniel 398, 410 Elias 590 Gideon 344 Q-ihnan 505, 661 James 112, 343, John 101, 121, 122 Eev. L. S. 605, 606 Leonard 516 Moses 360 Eev. 250 Samuel 131, 159, 241 Timothy 343, 344 Parmlee, Alfred S. 516 Parsons, Eev 246 Eev. Joseph 246, 549 Moses 428 Partridge, John 349 Passaquo, 47 Passaconnaway, 30, 42, 46 Pattee, Patie, Pettee, Benjamin 315 John 317, 319 Peter 130, 143, 170, 171, 284, 310 Eich.ird 311 Samuel 2.32 Seth 310 Patten, Joseph 327, 330 Patterson, Samuel 311 Paugus, (Indian) 262 Payson, Jonathan 428, 442, 445 Joseph 460 Peabody, Rev. Andrew P. 561 Joseph 469 ' Nathan 382, 383, 388 398 Nathaniel 410 Oliver 374 Eev. Stephen 3I8, 461. , 556 Pearl, Cyril 657 Pearsons, Ebenezer 616 James yli, 321, 323, 326, 357 James, Jr. ZlS, 346 Jonathan 343 Peaslee, or Pcaslcy Abigail 265 Amos 242, 313, .328 David 384, 389, 396, 398, 399, 410 Goodman 106 Jonathan 238, 389 Joseph 60, 62, 71, 72, 77, 80, 94, 143, 145, 156 164 171, 173, 176, 204, 206, 215, 239, 256, 274, 644 Nathaniel 53. 156, 239, 255, 265, 267, 271, 274, 277, 289, 307, 313, 321, 326, h28, 333, 334, 338 348, 615, 644, 648, 661 Eobert 235, 243, 274, 277, 313, 356 . Samuel 328 Sarah 232 Susannah 265 Pecker, Mr. 309 Ann 252 Bartholomew 74, 341, 342, 343, 345, a54, 389, 393, 447 Daniel 470 Doctor 395 James 73, 77, 92, 93, 103, 121, 251, 267, 274, 277, 289, 326, 327, 330, 348, 389, 393, 398, 407, 408, 548 Jeremiah 74, 274, 277 John 74, 274, 277, 313, 327, 329, 330, 232 Ruth 469, Samuel 155 William f98, 411 & Brickett 536 Peckham, Re\'. Samuel H. 564 Pell, James 400 John 355 Sanmel 416 William 341 Pemberton, Dr. 557 Perkins, Baithl. 347 Perlej', Pareley, or Pearly, Daniel S. 435 David ..93 Jonathan 384 Nathan 3iS Perry, Ephiaim 342 Francis .359 Joshua 342, 343, 351, 355, 358 Ob.idiah 310, 331 Rev. Mr. 499, 505, 571 Thomas 77 Rev. WiUiam S. 608 William 343 William W. .359 Peter, (Negro) 243i Indian 125 Mr. 184 Pettingall, Benjamin 312, 314, 396 Jed. diah 409 Matthew 469, 480 . Phersen, Nathaniel :il4 Phelps, Rev. Dudley 499, 559, 560, 5011. 655 Philbrick, John 516 Phillip, (Indian) 123 Phillips, Re\-. George 650 Rev. Sanmei 53 Samuel :i85, 660 Phipps, Sir William 161- Phillis (Negro) 241, 242, 248 Pike, Charles 487 Ueugh 311, 314,414 Pike, James 328, 388, 892, 410, 415, 418, 419, 420, 469 Joseph 169, 405 Eobert 80 ' Simeon 382, 383, 388, 391 Pierce, Abraham 247 Charles 396 Joshua 345 Samuel 347 Em^^rson & Co. 536 Pillsburv, 242 Chase 410 Edmund 342, 343, 345, 347 Samuel 594 Pitt, William 346 Plummer, Asa 469 Frederick 591, .592 Eev. Henry 592, 593, 606, 607 John 591, 617, 639 Silas 470, 590 Samuel 516 Thomas 469 591 Plant, Rev. Mathias 280, 620 Pollard, Amos G53 Barton 341 John 312, 314 Pomfret, Rev. James E. 576, 598 Pomeroy, Rev. Ur. .571 Pomp, (Negro) 241 I oplin. Capt. 389 Pope, Thomas 311 Poor, Ecniamin 347 Daniel 311 John 469 Thomas 302 Porter, Dudley 429 Ebenezer 400 Eleazer A. 46, 486 Henry 429 Moses 396 Potter, Henry 590, 592 Powers, David 389 Prentice, George D. 656 Prescott, Stephen 353 William .390, 631, 634, 647 Preston, John 185 Presson, Ton at ban 344 Pressey, or Presley, Benjamin o98, 411 James 256, 257. John 340, 342, 343, 345 & Fletcher 537 Price, Capt. 217 William S. 411 Prince (Negro) 248 Putman, Ebenezer 467 Gen. 390, 392, 631 Oliver 429, 469 Quimby. Mrs. 126 Daniel 408 Rev. Mr. 598 Quincy, Edm\ind 293 Quint, Rev. A. M. 612 Ealle, Father 260, 261 Eand, Samuel 389, 592 Randall, Benjamin 618 Rawson, Edward 385 Reddel, Robert 311 Redington, Daniel 347 Redlngton, Isaac 371, 372 878 380, 381, 393, 395, 40o! 404,407,^13,417, 428 632 Nathaniel 347, 350 Reed, James 416 Eeinhart, E. AV. 654 Eemington, John 02, 106, 110 Eemick, Remock, I Daniel 389, 393, 396 ' David 415, 430 James 382 Samuel 398, 410 Eenes, Samuel 398 Rewy, John 232 Richards, Benjamin 311 Joseph 398, 411 Eichardsou, James 342 Eev. James 562 Parish 353 William 353 Winslow 347, 352, 355, 357 Eichmond, Rev. J. C. 609 Bicker, Lewis 342 Eideout, Rowland 313 Rix, James 352, 357, 388, 393 395, 398, 410 Eindge, John 292 Eogers, Dnniel 650 W. E. P. 657 Roberts, Daniel 343 Ephraim 164, 174, 232, 235, 236, 237, 247, 548 Hannah 313 Jonathan 243, 312, 314 Oliver H. 593 Samuel 232, 235 Robie, or Eoby Ichabod 160 John 94, 128, 138, 160 Robinson, Ebenezer 592, 593 Ephraim 418, 419, 420 John 38, 45, 60, 68, 72, 74, 106 Joseph 385, 469 Rogers, D. D. 372, 374, 380, 395 428 Hannah 469 Hope 232 Robert 346 Thomas 118 Rolfe, Rev. Benjamin 154. 160, 162, 165, 168, 171, 207, 208, 219, 225, 228, 232, 241, 547, 548 Ezra 94, 153 Henry 67 Nathaniel 310, 327, 330 348, 371 William 382 Eouville, Hertel de 212 Rollins, John 469 Rowe, Jacob 398, 410 John 359 Rowell, Benoni 353 Elias 398, 411 Jacob 288 Phillip 313 Eowlandson, Rev. Mr. 189 Mary 152 Ruggles, Timothy 346 Runniels, David 347 Hannah 469, 470 Stephen 382. 38-', 392 893 541 Russ, Thomas 659 William 470 Russell, Ebenezer 347 Edward 347, 350 James 342, 343 S44 "45 347, 663 ' ■ ' John 310, 348, 469 470 Samuel 535, 637 ' Ryland, John 588 Saggahew, 47 Saltonstall, Anna 588 Doctor 489 Gurdon 48, 109, 645 John 48 Leverett 377, 429, 454 461, 469, 497, 502. 628' 630, 645, 347 Nathaniel 47, 48, 99, 106 109, 112, 114, 184, 137' 150,156,158,160, 164 168. 173, 174, 175, 176* 199, 204, 213, 217 230 233. 235, 284, 374 40a' 588, 639, 645. 646,' 647' 650, 661 ' Richard 48, 108, 129 143 204, 208, 241, 242 "89' 292, 302, 304, 309,' Sls! 329,330,3.32,342 344 345, 346, 348, 351, 354,' 363, 375. 377. 378, 550 556, 565, 645, 646, 647 661 ' William 645 Safford, Fhen H. 655, ^656 Salter & Co. 474 Salem (Negro) 243 Sanborn, Sloses 356, 360 Sanclare, George 313 Samuel (Indian) 116 Sanders, or Saunders, Abigail 420 * Amos 540 -' Avery 277, 349 -- Benjamin 349 Bradbury 343 Henry 232, 239, 252, 268 2G9, 300 Jacob 313, 321, 327, 330, 350 James 94, 164, 173, 174 207, 238, 239, 245, 252! 265, 271, 277, 279, 313, 321, 329, 661 John 238, 243, 252 267 270; 274, 277, 279, 313 320, 327, 330, 349, 351 382, 383, 388, 661 Jonathan 274, 277 Lemuel 388 Nathaniel 274, 277 313 327, 330, 349, 661 Peter 347 Rachel 265 Ruth 418, 420 Samuel 349, 382, 383, 420 469 Santeler, George 321 Sargent, or Sargeant, Aaron 350 Amos 470 A. A. 526 Barnard 385 Charles 382 Chase 383, 388 Rev. Christopher 273, 644 648 Edwin A. 516 Elias 420, 469 68 XVll Sargent, Henry 34D Jonathan 341, 347, 354 393, 396, 428 Mary 469 Nathaniel P. 300, 367 380, 386, 404, 413, 417* 422,428,441,454, 644* 648, 662 Reuben 359, 382, 3S3, 388 392 Samuel 279, 345, 349, 416 Thomas 407, 408, 416 William 396 Zebediah 342, 343, 345 Zebulon 156 Satchwell. TheopTiilus 74 76 77, 80, S8, 141, 256 ' Savory, William 498 Savage, Henry 60, 62, 72, 77 106 James 107 Sawyer, Abner 353 Amos 470 Edward 388 James 347, 381, 382, 383 338, 391, 3C9, 407, 430' John 242, 313, 327, 333 347, 371, 374, 395, 405 410, 414, 419, 420, 423. 436 Jonathan 347, 384, 407 Joseph 353 Joshua 327, 337, 348, 469 Nathan 156 Oliver 346 Paul .396 William 382, 383, 388 391 399, 415, 469 Wyded 637 & Cross 474 Scales, Oliver 331 Scammon, Col. 391 James 73, 352, 357, 359 416, 430 Seaver, Rev. Nicholas 231 Seeley, Rev. R. H. 612 Senter, Levi 407, 408 Sewall, Henrv 281 Judge 281 Seymour, Rev. Charles H. 610 Shatswell, Theophilus 75 79 39 91 (See Satchwell)' Shackford, Samuel 347 Shaw, Edward 354 Rev. John 318, 429, 445 555, 556, 557, 559, 650 Roger 83 William S. 556 Sbay, Daniel 437 Shepard, Gen. 437 John 235 Jonathan 313, 347, 848 393, 399 Ruth 420 Samuel 138, 143, 346, 347. 348, 393, 399 Sherratt, Hugh 39. 45, 47, 52 60, 64. 71, 72, 74, 77, 88 196, 256< Shirley, Gov. William 321 Shirgley, Rev. J. 598 Short, Henry 81 Shute,Gov. 258 Jacob=^274, 278 John 278 Sibley, Jacob 648 Samuel 223 Silliway, Joseph 3 9, 354 Reuben 4lo xvin Silver, 222 Abraham iOS Daniel 331, 409 James 343 John 232, 315, 348, 082, 470 Jcnathm 408 Jcseph 343, 414 Saniuol 348 Thomas 232 Zebadiah 414 Simons, Abic^ail 232 Elizabeth 2.2 Goodman 87 Hannah 238 James 347 John 174, 237, 313, 487 Jonathan 235, 313, 327, 330, 346, 347, 408 Nathan 313 Eichard 347, 354, 357, 359 Samuel 130, 138, 313 Sarah 469 "William 87, 88, 90, 256 Simonds, Jesse 537, 663 Jonathan 348. 356 Moses 408, 414 Nathan 217, 223. 235 347 Nehemiah 408, 415, 469 Simson, James 469 Simeon (Indian) 116, 125 Singletery, Amos 94, 128, 164, 17.3, 661 Benjamin 94. 128, 143 Nathaniel 94, 153 Richard 72, 80, 256 Skinner, 565 Rev. Otis 597 Slackman, Robert 382 Sleeper, Thomas 89, 256, 257 Slocomb, Rufus 528, 535, 536 601 Smiley, David 407. 408, 649 Francis 311, 314, 407, 408 Heugh 311, 314, 389 James 382, 383, 389, 396. 470, 662 John 311, 314, 327, 330. 347 Mar3'460 Smith, Abigail 407 Benjamin 310 Rev. Daniel D. 573, 574 Kleazer 341, 617, 626 Rev. Elias 590, 592 Hezekiah (RW.JlS*, 339 422, 429. 432, 461, 464, 469, 579, 584, 586 Jesse 662 John 311, 315, 329, 348, 396, 407, 417, 419, |469, 669 *■ Jonathan K. 429, 498 Jonathan 470 Joseph 356 J. B. 522 Moses 347 M. H. (Rev.) 597 Mrs. 219, 225 Nathaniel 93, 2.35, 312, 342, 345 Peter 486 Rebecca 501 Samuel 174, 236, 252,261 208, 312, 313, 314, 321 Eimu 3S9 Smith, Rev. Thomas 250, 461 Thomas 310 Timothy 349 William 232, 396, 308, 470 Walker 419, 469 Snow. Isaac 347, 380, 381, 393. 390, 404, 405, 410, 418, 419 James 382, 383, 388 John 279 Joseph 407, 408, 400 Soley, Mathew 74, 348 Nathan 416 Nathaniel 408, 414, 469, 480 Souther, Elbridge 537 John 400 Jonathan 469. -471 S.-imuel 24.3, 371, 395, 400 428, 469 Southridge. William 460 Spaulding, Rev. Willard576 Sparhawk, Nathaniel 428 Spear, Thomas 348 Spiller, Joseph B. 155, 433, 458, 516, 5.33 Samuel & Son 537 Spoiford, Dr. 460, 656, 657 Moody 459 Paul 533, 5.34 & Tilestou 053 & Hiirris 636 Sprague, Joseph E. 635 Springer, Henry 304, 313, 324, 327, 382. 388 Jonathan 313 Joshua 347, 352 Joseph 354, 358 Solomon 347 Stanton, Rev. Robert 245, 246 Stanley, or Standley, Benjamin 203, 548 Matthew 315 Samuel 315 Stanford, John 411 Stanwood, Phillip 313 Staniel, Anthony 65 ' • Stark, Caleb 429 Starbuck, Nathaniel 51 Starlin, or Starling, Josiah 160 William 140 143. 164 195 Staples, Samuel .341, 398, 410 Stebbins, Charles H. 176 Mrs. 69 Stcdman, Mr. 238 Steere, Rev. M. J. .576 Stephens, Aaron 237, 269 John 237. Moses 268 Stevens, Anna 433 Benjamin 271, 274 Ephraim 469 Rev. John H. 582 John 31, 174, 235, 268 311 526 Jonathan 311, 312, 314, 353 Joseph 311 Joshua 237 Josiah 396 Moses 312, ,< Leonard 54, 429, 469, 489 490, 650, 661, 662 Nicholas 53, 269, 274, 277 311, 314, 317, 549 Philip 53 Samuel 53, 242, 243, 253, 313, 326, 327, 3^0, P34, 347, 369, 372, 878, 380, 419, 427, 4587 4i6, 460, 469, 553, 585, 632, 663 Timothy 53, 347, 350, 354 553 xz ,K White, William 38, 46, 47, 52 60 62, 63, 72. 76, 77, 88, 89 96, 106, 114, 134, 137, 138,139, 168, 245, 250, 253, 256, 274, 277, 429, 468, 549, 628, 650, 661 Zachariah 198 Whiting, David 313 John 313, 393, 469, 552 Joseph 394 Jndith 212, 220 Samuel 347 Whitefield, Rev. George 249 Whittier, or Whitcher, Rev. Benjamin 517 Ebenezer 313, 321, 329, 350 Elizabeth 314 Francis 359 Green 279, 321, 345 Jacob 389 James 388 John 94, 137, 143, 164, 175, 238, 249, 278, 389, 393, 395, 407, 408, 410, 433, 469 John G. 497, 501, 505 529 6i36, 062 Joseph 173, 2?;8, 269, 303 313, 328, 469 Leonard 533, 662 Marvell 343 Mary 265 Moses 393, 469 Moses H. 499 Mitchel 382, 383 Nathaniel 155, 171, 849, 577 Rev. 246 Richard 173, 235 Samuel 315 Stephen 515 Thomas 52, 62, 67, 72,74. 77, 80, 88, 93, 110, 134, 137, 145, 170, 172, 173, 207, 235, 252, 256, 257, 314, 347, 458, 469 W. R. 521, 534 Warner 453, 534 William 232, 252, 269 274 278, 388, 391 & George 535 & Swett 536 Whittiker, Abraham 93, 118, 161 179, 198, 235 Anna 221 Daniel 311, 328 Whittiker, David 314. 535 Hannah 161, 569 J. 197 J,ames 382, 383, 407 Jacob 149, 153 John 6S7 Jonathan Sll Joseph 197, 200, 347 Peter 85 ^, 414, 469 Sarah 547 Samuel 328, 349 Stephen 329, 349 Thomas 124, 347, 349, 350 407 William 235, 237,243 265 2G8, 3J*, 353, 469, 547, 548 Whitcomb, Col. 389 Whittlesev, Rev. Joseph 561 599 600 Wier Nathaniel 60 Wigans, Benoni 356 Wilcot, Samuel 163 Wilford, Gilbert 94 WUIett cfc Co. 460, 632 Joshua 396 Wild, William 69 Wilder, William 74 Williams, Daniel 315, 841, 342, 343, 345, 355 Hart 330 John 38, 00, 62, 72, 77, 80, 94, 106, 256, 419, 615 Roger 28 Willis, Benjamin 428,450, 452, 453, 469, 532, 628, 630, 662 Benjamin, Jr. 429, 470 471, 510 Rev. Lemuel 576 Robert 67, 453, 462, 532, 641 Wilcomb, Moses 393 NicoUis 398 Willard, Jacob 348 Rev. Joseph 568 Wilson, Ezekiel 314, 347 James 382, 383 Jesse 382, 383 John 314. 398, 399, 411 Joseph 314 William 314 Rev. W. W. 576 Rev. John 49 Wingate, Chai les 609 John 374, 395, 428 . Moses 69, 429, 432, 494, 662 Wingate, William 384, 393 Winn, David 469 Wise, Mr. 516 Rev. 246 Winthrop, John 27, 645 Withan, Mark 400, 408 Wood, Ebenezer 349, 351, 400 Joseph 396 Nathaniel 353 Thomas 198, 487 Woodbridge, Benjamin 168, 651 John 43, 58, 651 Joseph 251 Woodbury, Edward 429 Rev. Isaac 595 Hannah 469 Samuel 581 Woodin, John 77, 79 Woodman, Charles T. 517 Edward 42 Ensign 268 John 198, 429, 495, 535 . 536, 537 Jonathan 261, 263, 396 Joshua 93 Nathaniel 314 Richard 593 Samuel 393, :i96 Woodard, or Woodward, E. G. 657 Jacob 313, 348 Nathaniel 659 Stephen 341 Wooster, Asa 353 Benjamin 314 Jonathan 353 Worthen, Lyman 515 L. A. C. 537 Moses 352, 410 Samuel 237, 209, 311, 312 314 Thomas 312, 314, 342 343 344 Wright, Abel 353 Wyman, Jacob 469 Levi 353 Seth 382, 383, 388, 392 Young, Caleb 388 Israel 314 John 367 Joseph >ilO Josiah 344, 346 Robert 353 Youring, Joseph 407 o^' %- oo .^ -"^^ "■^- A<^' s\^^ ' .^ :^' "^ v^ xO°<. ■ i>" :% x'^^j •/.v'^;' ...^ ,\^ r> 'c^. /.^ ^^^^ ^ '^oo^ v^^ H -^c* .-«.? v. ^ y ■■ , -^A* ,A\" -*, --.^ .-Js^ ^. .-J-^ ■G^ .^ ^^ -^^ ,-.v A> -^y^ ^> 'c*.^ x^' ^^ V' ^5 -t... >'^ ,0o