Class. 
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 EDWARDS & BROUCHTON, POWER PRINTERS AND BINDERS, 
 
 RALEIGH, N. C. 
 
 DEC 8 1WI 
 
INTRODUCTORY. 
 
 HIS little volume is issued by authority of the RaleigH 
 Chamber of Commerce and IndUvSTry, the compilation 
 being- made by the President and Secretary. Credit is due Mr. 
 J. R. Watts, of Atlanta, Ga., for any and all artistic effects it may 
 embody. The volume is by no means exhaustive of the subject. 
 The only merit claimed for it is a strict adherence to facts as far 
 as it goes. It is modestly commended to the attention of the 
 health-seeker, investor and home-seeker ; and if interest shall be 
 created by it, all particulars concerning any feature named may 
 be had by correspondence with the Secretary of the Raleigh 
 Chamber of Commerce. 
 
 W. E. ASHLEY, PresidejiL 
 H. W. AVER, Secretary, 
 
CONTENTS. 
 
 Pagr. 
 
 Frontispiece— State Capitol ... 
 
 Thic Old North State 
 
 Wake County 
 
 Raleigh 
 
 Climate 
 
 Health 
 
 Population and Social Conditions 
 
 Public Buildings, Etc 
 
 Churches and vSchools 
 
 Business, Etc 
 
 Public Roads 
 
 Taxation and Debt 
 
 Timbers 
 
 Tobacco 
 
 Cotton 
 
 Cereals and Stock Raisinc, 
 
 Fruits 
 
 Land 
 
 The North Carolina Agricultural Experiment Station 
 
 Distant Voices 
 
 The Country and People 
 
 College of Agriculture and Mechanic Arts 
 
 St.> Mary's School 
 
 Peace Institute 
 
 Park Hotel 
 
 University ok North Carolina 
 
 Shaw University 
 
 St. Augustine's School 
 
 North Carolina Car Works. 
 
 Citizens National Bank 
 
 Mills Manufacturing Company \ 
 
 Yarborough House 
 
 \V. H. (S: R. S. Tucker & Company's Establishment 
 
 
 5 
 
 
 9 
 
 
 '3 
 
 
 19 
 
 
 33 
 
 
 35 
 
 
 39 
 
 
 45 
 
 
 51 
 
 
 59 
 
 
 63 
 
 
 67 
 
 
 70 
 
 
 73 
 
 
 75 
 
 
 77 
 
 
 80 
 
 
 81 
 
 
 «5 
 
 
 93 
 
 
 42. 125 
 
 
 40, 99 
 
 , 
 
 46, lOI 
 
 
 102 
 
 
 92- 105 
 
 
 107 
 
 
 109, no 
 
 
 "3 
 
 
 116 
 
 
 132 
 
 
 1 19, 120 
 
 121, 122, 123. 124 
 
THE OLD NORTH STATE. 
 
 tAIyEIGH, the Capital City of North Carolina, is situated 
 in the "Middle and Piedmont" division; the State 
 ^ being divided into three distinct sections. These are 
 known as the "Mountain Section," the "Middle and 
 Piedmont Section" and the "Eastern Section." The 
 three divisions are a consequence of the general topog- 
 raphy of the State which may be briefly described as a 
 vast declivity, sloping from the summit of the Smoky 
 Mountains, an altitude of nearly 7,000 feet, to the level 
 of the Atlantic Ocean, which is the eastern boundary. The length 
 of this slope is 500 miles and is made up of three immense terraces. 
 The first is the highest elevation in the United States east of the 
 Rocky Mountains, the average being about 3,000 feet above the sea- 
 level. The second is the Middle Section, which comprises nearly 
 half the area of the State and is from 300 to 1,000 feet above the sea- 
 level. The third is the Eastern Section, which may be described as 
 a vast plain extending from the coast into the interior of the country 
 for a distance of about one hundred and twenty-five miles. The sur- 
 face of this plain rises by easy gradations at the rate of a little more 
 than a foot to the mile. An eloquent orator has compared the State 
 of North Carolina with a goddess in a gracefully reclining attitude 
 
 5 
 
THE OLD NORTH STATE. 
 
 under poetical conditions: Her head encircled by fleecy clouds and 
 bathed and cooled by their moisture; her breasts full and produc- 
 tive and yielding all the rich sustenance of earth; her feet played 
 about and laved by waves of ocean surf, tempered and made delight- 
 fully agreeable by the influences of the great Gulf Stream not far 
 distant. 
 
 Reference to the mean parallels of latitude will show that North 
 Carolina is situated nearly midway of the Union; and inasmuch as 
 the Union lies entirely within the temperate zone, it follows that 
 North Carolina is situated upon the central belt of that zone. This 
 position gives to the State climatical conditions and productive 
 capacities not excelled by any in the world. Other causes apart 
 from its position concur to produce these results. On the west the 
 lofty mountain chains interpose their mighty barrier between the 
 bleak winds of the Northwest and the general surface of the State. 
 On the east the coast is swept by the Gulf Stream, the meliorating 
 effect of which is felt far inland. From this position and these 
 causes the temperature, which is more or less the life of all vegeta- 
 tion, ranges within moderate limits from season to season. Inclu- 
 ding all the sections heretofore named, the range of climate in North 
 Carolina is the same as that from the Gulf of Mexico to the Gulf of 
 St. Lawrence. The influence of this fact is seen in the wide range 
 of natural and agricultural products freely growing within its 
 borders — from the Palmetto and Magnolia Grandiflora to the White 
 Pine, Hemlock and Balsam Fir, and from sugar-cane and rice to 
 Canadian oats and buckwheat. 
 
 North Carolina has no blanks in the census. Every product of 
 which the census takes note is reported from this State. It is the 
 only State and only division of territory where the ascent from the 
 mild waves of the ocean to the tops of mountains — a mile and a 
 quarter above the sea — produces the same effects as are wrought else- 
 where by advance from the semi-tropical airs of the South to the 
 cold regions of the North. 
 
WAKR COUNTY 
 
 'i A.Y of this general slope, and on the second terrace, 
 the centre of all the vast and varied richness of pro- 
 duction, partaking of the nature of all and enjoying the 
 happiest possible average of the general temperature, is 
 the County of Wake, in which Raleigh, the State Capi- 
 tal and also the county seat, is situated. This county 
 is seldom touched by the wild, bleak winds of north- 
 western and western origin; their force is broken and 
 destroyed by the great mountain fort and breastworks to westward. 
 When the cold breath does burst through some gaps with broken 
 force and crippled capacity to nip and chill, it is met here by the 
 milder but more persistent influence of the warm Gulf Stream and 
 quickly subdued and conquered. Only one wind-storm of any con- 
 siderable force has occurred at Raleigh in sixty-six years. 
 
 The County of Wake is named in honor of Esther Wake, who 
 was a sister of the wife of Colonial Governor Tryon. It is one of 
 the largest counties in the State, containing 505,625 acres of land. 
 The central section, in which Raleigh is located, is the meeting 
 place of the oak and the pine — the red and the light lands — a com- 
 mon ground on which agricultural products of opposite sections 
 find congenial soil. The elevation of the county is from 300 to 500 
 feet above the sea-level. The surface is a great series of gentle 
 undulations, a succession of hills and dales, among which are innu- 
 merable springs of the clearest and sweetest waters and through 
 which flow countless brooklets and creeks; all being tributaries of 
 Neuse river, which is the main drain of the county. A walk or 
 ride through this section is a delight. Every turn brings to view 
 
 9 
 
rs5i>'t^.^' 
 
 In the 
 
 (btton 
 
 ) y^' 
 
WAKK COUNTY. 
 
 some new picture, some new arrangement of the rounded hills, 
 some new grouping of the woodlands which still cover so large a 
 part of the area. The rolling lands, in their gracefully curving 
 outlines, present phases of beauty which never tire the eye of per- 
 ception and taste. The soil, so composed or diversified, in connec- 
 tion with favorable climatic conditions, offers great agricultural 
 possibilities, and in this section is found the widest range of produc- 
 tion. In Wake and surrounding counties is the largest area devoted 
 to the cultivation of the most profitable varieties of tobacco — the 
 section being known as the "Golden Belt," from the fact that the 
 brightest and best grades of tobacco grown in the world are produced 
 here. The culture of cotton is largely carried on, and here all the 
 cereals and all the grasses are cultivated to their highest perfection. 
 Fruits of the temperate zone find congenial homes — apples, peaches, 
 pears, cherries, and all small fruits, especially the grape, which is 
 grown in unexcelled excellence and variety. 
 
 The population of the county is, in round numbers, 50,000 — 
 white 26,000, colored 24,000. Of domestic animals there are 2,640 
 horses, 2,947 mules, 8,827 cattle, 17,783 hogs, 3,029 sheep. 
 
 COTTON PICKERS. 
 
..jtS h- 
 
RALEIGH, 
 
 (bll HE City of Raleigh is delightfully situated in the central 
 part of the county on a granite foundation which crops 
 out in quarries on the southern limits. From these 
 quarries were taken the stone used in building the 
 ^ handsome State Capitol. The land slopes gently in 
 every direction from the swelling crests on which the 
 numerous State institutions and handsome homes of 
 the city are built. This affords a perfect natural drain- 
 age, and the clear streams on the city limits and near by — Rocky 
 branch, Walnut and Crabtree creeks and Neuse river — make the 
 problem of water-supply for all purposes easy of solution. 
 
 The city is named in honor of that chivalrous Englishman of 
 Queen Elizabeth's time, Sir Walter Raleigh. He it was who planted 
 the first colony on American soil, that colony being located on the 
 coast of North Carolina. It has forty broad streets extending nearly 
 fifty miles, the leading business thoroughfares being paved with Bel- 
 gian block and rubble-stone and well curbed with granite. Along 
 the residence streets homes are built with ample room between them, 
 many of them being fronted and surrounded with beautiful lawns, 
 affording airy spaces and perfect circulation of the atmosphere. 
 Prominent among the great number of shade-trees which adorn the 
 town is the oak, from which fact Raleigh is known as the "City of 
 Oaks." Some of the grandest and handsomest specimens of this 
 monarch of the forest are seen here. 
 
 In all essential respects the town extends beyond the corporate 
 limits in every direction, with a conservative and steady growth that 
 never ceases summer or winter. More than fifty buildings were 
 
 13 
 
"<JiZ 
 
 THE GOVERNOR'S MANSION. 
 
 CITY HALL. 
 
CITY OF RALEIGH. 
 
 reported as going- up during Centennial week (October, 1892), and 
 nearly as many were going up the last week in May, 1894. 
 
 The advancement, year by year, is plain to all observers — every 
 progressive movement being tempered by thoughtful, business-like 
 policy and established on a conservative and practical basis. This 
 characteristic is so prominent and thoroughly observed by the peo- 
 ple of the town, that all the business departments of Raleigh went 
 through the noted panic of 1893 without a wreck. There were no 
 failures or suspensions. Not a single bank issued clearing certifi- 
 cates, and checks and drafts of patrons and customers were not 
 limited in amount. This is a record that few, if any^ towns of 
 similar size or equal amount of business can show. There has 
 never been a boom. Its growth, though slow has been sure and 
 steadfast. What has been gained is held. No commercial disaster 
 has ever wrecked, and no financial panic has ever overwhelmed it. 
 
 The city is notable on account of the old families that have 
 always lived in it. Many of the names on the tax-list are the names 
 that were there one hundred years ago. They illustrate in their 
 lives the sturdy virtues which are theirs by force of habit and train- 
 ing and by right of inheritance. The people are chivalrous, brave 
 and steadfast; they retain that manly virtue, unfortunately in many 
 parts of the country on the wane, of supreme courtesy and devotion 
 to woman. They have inherited from their fathers those virtues, 
 and will never lose their impelling force, which was grounded into 
 their very being by the pioneers of civilization who made their 
 homes here. 
 
 In an address on the nature and characteristics of Raleigh, Hon. 
 Charles M. Busbee, Past Grand Sire of the Independent Order of 
 Odd Fellows, said with truth and eloquence : 
 
 "There have come into our midst from time to time men and 
 women of other counties and States and nations, who have become 
 as truly our fellow-citizens as if to the manor born, and who have 
 equalled those of native birth in their loyalty to the city of their 
 adoption and in their love for its people, its traditions and its welfare. 
 For the people of Raleigh have always welcomed and will ever 
 
 15 
 
U. S. COURT-HOUSE AND POST OFFICE. 
 
 WAKE COUNTY COURT-HOUSE. 
 
CITY OF RALEIGH. 
 
 welcome the worthy stranger to their hearts and homes. It matters 
 not from whence he comes, what his faith or sect, if he is honest and 
 industrious he will always find a hearty welcome and sympathy and 
 friends. * * * 
 
 "There is one thing about our city which I conceive I can safely 
 assert: that no deserving person ever lived in our midst for any 
 length of time who did not become attached to it and its people, 
 and who if compelled to move away did not desire to return. I can 
 count among our citizens many who at some period of their lives, 
 thinking to better their fortunes, moved away, and unable to resist 
 the spirit that incited them, returned, and were glad to return. 
 There is some alluring quality in the air of Raleigh, filling it with 
 an indefinable subtle power, that when you once become accustomed 
 to it, renders it the most delightful atmosphere you ever breathed; 
 and if once forsaken, it is almost impossible to resist the longing 
 that comes upon you to fill your lungs with it again. * * * 
 
 "I believe that the city of Raleigh has always done its duty. It 
 has ever been prompt to respond to appeals for sympathy and aid 
 when misfortune has come to other communities, and in times of 
 public peril it has never shirked the performance of its natural and 
 moral obligations." 
 
 17 
 
CLIMATE. 
 
 By H. B. battle, Ph. D., Director N. C. State Weather Service. 
 
 sj^£g^^— 
 
 N these modern days of advancement and exactness, to write 
 about climate, without figures, would be the veriest char- 
 latanism. People of the present want proof, and proof 
 upon which they can depend. Such I propose to offer in 
 the records of the United States Weather Bureau, with 
 which the State Weather Service co-operates. At Ral- 
 eigh is the central office of the Service, and here are 
 kept records of all of the meteorological observations that have ever 
 been taken in North Carolina from the earliest time to the present. 
 Most particularly is this true of the observations at Raleigh. Since 
 January, 1887, a regular U. S. Weather Bureau Observer has been 
 stationed here, and the records are more complete since that time 
 than before, when they were taken by voluntary observers for a long 
 period of years. 
 
 Raleigh, the Capital City of North Carolina, is situated almost 
 exactly in the centre of the State. Latitude 35° 45' North; Longi- 
 tude 78° 37' West. Elevation above sea-level averages 350 feet. 
 It is located in a gently rolling region of the oldest Laurentian sys- 
 tem, which ensures good drainage and naturally pure water. 
 
 Tabulated statements, though they are often "bugbears," as 
 soon as they are understood are capable of answering more ques- 
 tions accurately, definitely, and succinctly, than ten times the space 
 required by them if printed in solid reading matter. It is true 
 that such statements discount the sworn statements of the "oldest 
 inhabitant," but that is hardly reprehensible if the weather prophet 
 
 is thus proven incorrect. 
 
 19 
 
RALEIGH WATER-WORKS STATION. 
 
 VIEW IN PULLEN PARK. 
 
CLIMATE OF RALEIGH. 
 
 The tables show, for each and every month for the past seven, 
 years, the average monthly temperature, the average of the highest 
 temperatures, the highest and lowest recorded temperatures during 
 each month, and the exact day of the month the record was made, 
 the number of degrees (or the range) between such highest and 
 lowest temperatures, the number of days in which a freezing tem- 
 perature (or 32°F) was reached and the number when the tempera- 
 tures above 95° or 90° or 85° or 80° or 70° were reached, the 
 monthly precipitation (rainfall and snow), the monthly fall of snow, 
 the average monthly humidity (or relative percentage of moisture 
 in the air), the first and last killing frost in each year, the number 
 in each month of the clear days and the partly cloudy and the cloudy 
 and the rainy days, and last of all the thunderstorms durino- each 
 
 o 
 
 month of the years named. 
 
 All of the above records are given in the same impartial and 
 exact manner always so characteristic of a U. S. Weather Bureau 
 observation. In order to facilitate comparison, I have added aver- 
 ages of all the months during these seven years just passed (1887 ^^ 
 1893 inclusive), to give some idea of what may be expected for the 
 future. This is done for each of the series of records mentioned in 
 the last paragraph; the average temperatures and precipitation, are 
 however, averages for the twenty-two (22) years past. 
 
 To the uninitiated, I would say that an average is generally 
 written "mean," which applies to a short period of time, a year, 
 a month, or even a day. Averages including a series of years (the 
 longer the better) are termed "normals." The "mean monthly 
 temperature" indicates the average of the average daily tempera- 
 tures observed during the month. The "normal annual precipi- 
 tation" indicates the average of as many yearly averages of pre- 
 cipitation as is possible to have. 
 
 After the tables will be found a discussion of the .seasonal records 
 as well as the yearly ones; also a comparison of Raleigh's climate 
 with other places at home and abroad. Small maps of North Caro- 
 lina are also given showing the average precipitation in various 
 parts of the State, and the lines of equal temperatures ("isother- 
 mals") for the yearly averages. 
 
CLIMATE OF RALEIGH. 
 
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 ) lO lO *0 uO "^ LO "^ UOvO L 
 
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 roco ■-■ , O toco 
 
 vo vo t^vo t-^\o r^ 
 
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 ^o r-*«o r->vo *o \o 
 
 )Tj- rj-io -^ rOTJ- " 
 
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 roro-^^fOcorOPOfO 
 
 rOro-^rorONco 2 
 
 -. - . - _- -. - _ _ - , - - - _ -_ CO O r^GO T*-ro , __^ 
 
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 23 
 
CLIMATE OF RALEIGH. 
 
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 r^ ^00 r^oo t- fooo r^ oi u^ lo m oo o\oo 
 
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 iooa\fOOC4t^ ^ocoooior-^ r^oo x a\o tooo o oo o\ omo -^ w looo 0\ o 
 
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 lO r^OO 'rf-rot^N^O r^ro^OMOO'-'O I0r^r00-*C7\0\01 lO-^NrotOiOrOC 
 
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 jb }SB1 
 
 ■amn;nv 
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 1^ 1 SZ^XXSJS 
 
 ■X^ipininH 
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 r^co r^ r^ r^ f--oo i^* \o t-- t^vo t^vo i^ t^ ^o\o i^\o ^ ^ vo vo r-- r^vo r^ t^^o r^ t^ 
 
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 imoi 
 
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 o o o o o o o 
 
 
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 aSuBJ ^mjuoivi 
 
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 •3iea 
 
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 ■;S3MOl 
 
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 •aSBjaAV 
 ^minow 
 
 ■*co -^o trtn — 
 
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 VO -^ O -^CO lO lO 
 
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 Cy\ Qv CJN ij^ iJN CTv CA 
 
 ^roco-^^cotoro cotoc^, rOrOcorOfO '^•^■^^^■^lO^ vOiOiOiOiOmiOlO 
 
 to to ■'TVO tOiOiOtO lOtOiOtOtoiOtOtO o r^so 
 
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CLIMATE OF RALEIGH. 
 
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 O O t^QO 00 M to 00 o 
 
 oooooooo oooooooo oooooooo oooooooo 
 
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 •"■OOOOOMO 
 
 Of**-CtO-*Tfro l^fOPOOMO ttOO 00 O ro -^ O r^ - 
 
 Ot lOOO 00 OtOO ■^ 
 
 lOtJ-'^fOTj-'^r^Tj- ro-^rOPOro-^fOro '^■^rottc^f^foro tO^Tj-rocorO^*" 
 
 •jsaAio'i 
 
 •?saq3iH 
 
 •jsaAioi 
 
 33BJ3AV 
 
 •jsaqSiH 
 33BaaAV 
 
 ^ CS CTt t-t N Q\ 
 
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 ri W 01 W M (N i-t 
 
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 lO to to to tOvO to 
 
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 t^ •-< to t^ ONto o 
 
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 OtOO 00 00 00 00 ON 
 
 tOtOtotOVOvovOtO r^tO tovbtotOvovO tOtOtOtOtOtOvotO lOtO tOtb to to VO to "S 
 
 POtO"-" oivoi^o to 
 
 vototootio^foto -^dtiotooiioo'r^ rooo" ♦-< to tood -^ ^ . -^ , — ^. ^ 
 
 cocoooajcocooooo ovoo 0:^000:^ <X) onoo ooooooooooocoooo r^r^r^ r^oo r^ i^ r^ 
 
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 XiqiuoiM 
 
 . r^ r^ 1^ t^ t-^ 00 r^ t^ r-^ r^ r^ r^ r^ 
 
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 OOOCOOOnOnONOni OOOOOO OvOtOtOv 
 00 00 00 00 00 CO 00 I 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 
 
 2 a 
 
 26 
 
CLIMATE OF RALEIGH. 
 
 TEMPEF^ATUf^E. — In reference to temperature, the average for 
 the year as a result of twenty-four (24) )ears of observation is 60.1 
 degrees. The average annual temperature of the whole Northern 
 Hemisphere is 59.5 degrees. So Raleigh's climate in respect to 
 heat and cold for the whole year is almost exactly the same as the 
 average of the whole northern portion of the globe — that part of 
 the globe holding practically all the civilization and all the advance- 
 ment of the present age. The lowest recorded temperature in the 
 last seven (7) years was 2° above zero on January 28th, 1893, which 
 year was a notable cold one throughout the United States. This 
 temperature has not been reached in practically thirty years and is 
 always of very short duration. The coldest month of the year is 
 January, but the average during that month for a period of twenty- 
 four (24) years is as high as 41.2°. The hottest weather recorded 
 in the past seven years was 103° on July i8th, 1877, which year 
 was notably a very hot one everywhere. The average temperature 
 for July (the hottest month) for an average of twenty-four (24) years 
 is only 79.8°. The number of days on which the temperature fell 
 lower than 32° is given in the tables and is seen to be very small, 
 as also the number of the hottest days above 95° down to 70°, 
 according to the month investigated. The columns 3 and 4 are 
 worthy of special examination. They give for each month the 
 average of the highest and lowest temperatures (ma.ximum and 
 minimum) during each month of each year. In January, the cold- 
 est month of the year, the average of the lowest temperatures for 
 seven (7) years was 32.1°, which is a remarkable showing. In the 
 same way the average of the highest temperatures in July, the hot- 
 test month, was only 87.3°, and the average of the lowest tempera- 
 tures during this month was 68.5°. 
 
 I^AINpALL. — In reference to precipitation (rainfall and snowfall) 
 Raleigh enjoys a pleasant mean, having an average of 45.67 inches 
 for the year, which is the average of twenty-four (24) years obser- 
 vation. The rainfall is greatest during August (6.00 inches) and 
 least during November (2.02 inches). These conditions make the 
 growth of trees and plants luxuriant, and crops are thus enabled to 
 
 27 
 
CLIMATE OF RALEIGH. 
 
 secure abundant moisture during the times when needed. Com- 
 mencing with April, the montlily rainfall increases regularly through 
 August and then diminishes through November, finally slowly 
 increasing through the winter months till March is past. Droughts 
 are rare, the rainfall being generalh' well distributed over the month, 
 and occur in refreshing showers and seldom long continued. The 
 humidity (the proportion of moisture in the atmosphere) partly 
 determines the rainfall and records approximately the range of the 
 precipitation. The average humidity for the month, for seven 
 years, is lowest in April (66.6 per cent) and highest in August 
 (81.4 per cent). 
 
 SNOW. — A heavy snowfall is seldom seen, and travelers spend- 
 ing winters in Raleigh need e.xpect to enjoy the sport of sleighing 
 but very seldom. If we except a fall of 20 inches during January, 
 1893 (a very cold, snowy year throughout the Eastern States of the 
 Union) which has not been before seen for eigliteen (18) years, the 
 total amount of snowfall for the past 7 years has only been 37.35 
 inches (which is equivalent to only 3.73 inches of rain). Of this 
 amount, 9.5 inches is credited to December, 1892, a portion of the 
 cold winter above referred to. This last snowfall of 9.5 inches but 
 shows the short time that snows usually remain upon the ground. 
 It began falling on Monday and by the next Monday barely a 
 vestige of it could be found ! Only during one }ear in the seven 
 has snow fallen in November; in four )ears of the seven snow has 
 not fallen in December; three out of the seven none in January; 
 five out of the seven either none or a trace has fallen in February. 
 
 FROSTS AND STORMS. — As to frosts and storms, Raleigh is 
 fortunate. The average date of killing frosts in the year has been 
 during the past seven }'ears: the latest in spring, April 10; the 
 earliest in fall, October 24. The variations from these dates during 
 each year can be seen from the tables. There are few thunderstorms 
 here. In November, December, January, one has not occurred 
 in seven years. In the remaining months, the number is slight, 
 increasing up to an average of 6.3 per month in July, which has 
 the most of the year. As to tornadoes, only three have occurred 
 
 29 
 
CLIMATE OF RALEIGH. 
 
 in tlie last seventy (70) years, and the extent of destruction has only 
 been the uprooting of trees, and never the loss of life, and but little 
 of propertv. 
 
 SUNSMINE AND SHADOW. —The proportion of clear and 
 cloudy days is always an interesting feature of the climate of any 
 locality, and is the one that tourists and health-seekers generally 
 regard. Raleigh is most fortunate in this respect. Considering 
 the period (October to April) that visitors would most likely first 
 consider, October for the average of seven years has sixteen clear 
 da\s in which less than three-tenths of the sky have been over- 
 shadowed by clouds, and only ten cloudy days with more than 
 seven-tenths of clouds, and five days when the clouds are between 
 three-tenths and seven-tenths in extent. The rainy days in Octo- 
 ber (on which .or inch of rain or more has fallen) are nine. The 
 number of rainy days is independent of the clear or cloudy ones. 
 The above proportions vary with the different months, increasing 
 somewhat in respect to cloudiness as the year advances. 
 
 RALEIGH'S CLIMATE COMPARED WITH OTHER CITIES. 
 
 How does Raleigh's climate compare with other places? The 
 answer in full can be seen by referring to Table IL Both the aver- 
 age temperature and average precipitation is given for ten American 
 cities and ten foreign cities, mainly European. These averages are 
 for long terms of years and are strictly reliable. The averages are 
 averaged for the months composing the four seasons, Spring, Sum- 
 mer, Autumn and Winter, and for the whole year. A new plan of 
 comparison is also given, /'. e., for the six winter months comprising 
 October to March inclusive, and the six summer months comprising 
 April to September inclusive. The months are grouped in this 
 way because the winter months, October through March, are those 
 generally chosen by Northern visitors for travelling, so as to avoid 
 the severity of their own winter climate. The six summer months 
 are also grouped for comparison. The climate for the year, taken 
 as a whole, is given in order to illustrate the value of Raleigh's all- 
 the-year-around climate. 
 
 30 
 
CLIMATE OF RALEIGH. 
 
 TABLE il. -TEMPERATURE AND RAINFALL AT RALEIGH, 
 COMPARED WITH OTHER CITIES. 
 
 Average Temperature. 
 
 Average Precipitation. 
 
 5S.7 
 52-7 
 45 I 
 4.5 6 
 69.1 
 60.3 
 68.S 
 48.2 
 506 
 52.6 
 
 469 
 
 57.8 
 48.2 
 54-0 
 63.6 
 57.8 
 59-7 
 50 I 
 57-5 
 55-8 
 
 
 
 
 \n 
 
 
 
 
 X 
 
 
 
 
 ^ 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 % 
 
 
 
 
 U 
 
 
 
 
 
 u 
 
 a 
 
 
 
 
 a 
 
 V 
 
 ■^ 
 
 
 3 
 
 
 C 
 
 
 
 .5 
 
 K 
 
 05 
 
 <i 
 
 ^ 
 
 t/3 
 
 776 
 
 61 
 
 43 a 
 
 483 
 
 75-3 
 
 57-1 
 
 .36.2 
 
 42 2 
 
 t>9-4 
 
 52.1 
 
 2S.9 
 
 35-7 
 
 69.7 
 
 51 9 
 
 27.4 
 
 34 7 
 
 81. S 
 
 705 
 
 575 
 
 61.4 
 
 70.S 
 
 64.7 
 
 54 5 
 
 57-5 
 
 Hi. 6 
 
 70 
 
 56.3 
 
 605 
 
 72.1 
 
 55 .•? 
 
 32.5 
 
 3S.9 
 
 7,18 
 
 5b-5 
 
 34 5 
 
 40.7 
 
 750 
 
 5b.6 
 
 44.6 
 
 35.6 
 
 64.8 
 
 49.2 
 
 33 I 
 
 37.9 
 
 68.3 
 
 58.8 
 
 51-2 
 
 54-4 
 
 62.4 
 
 50.8 
 
 39-7 
 
 42.6 
 
 74-4 
 
 5b.6 
 
 4t.o 
 
 45-7 
 
 62.S 
 
 58.9 
 
 .54-8 
 
 569 
 
 74 7 
 
 63.2 
 
 48.7 
 
 52-7 
 
 74-9 
 
 66.8 
 
 529 
 
 56-7 
 
 t>4-3 
 
 50.9 
 
 38.1 
 
 42.1 
 
 74.4 
 
 6i.,s 
 
 46.1 
 
 50.6 
 
 74-5 
 
 58.0 
 
 38.6 
 
 44.6 
 
 PER MONTH. 
 
 CITIRS. 
 
 71.9 
 68.5 
 62.1 
 626 
 78.1 
 67.5 
 77-9 
 65.1 
 671 
 68.3 
 
 592 
 653 
 
 s8.o 
 
 67-3 
 63.2 
 
 69-5 
 70-5 
 59-6 
 69.2 
 
 > 
 
 60.1 
 55-3 
 48.9 
 48.7 
 69.7 
 62.5 
 69 2 
 52.0 
 539 
 550 
 
 48.5 
 59-9 
 50-3 
 56.5 
 60.1 
 6t.i 
 63.6 
 50.8 
 59-7 
 56.7 
 
 Raleigh, N. C 
 
 Baltimore. Md ,_. 
 
 Boston, Mass 
 
 Chicago, III - 
 Jacksonville, P'la. 
 Los Angeles, CaL 
 
 New Orleans 
 
 New York 
 
 Philadelphia 
 
 Washington 
 
 ' 3-9 
 [37 
 38 
 3-1 
 3.6 
 1-3 
 5-2 
 3-5 
 31 
 3-8 
 
 Berlin 
 
 Lisbon 
 
 London . 
 
 Madrid 
 
 Mexico 
 
 Naples -- 
 
 Palermo 
 
 Pans 
 
 Rome 
 
 Venice 
 
 I.S 2.7 
 28! 0.3 
 1.8,2.5 
 0.6 
 4-5 
 
 45-7 
 44.8 
 46.1 
 35-0 
 55-3 
 i8.r 
 61.8 
 452 
 409 
 44.6 
 
 23-5 
 293 
 ?7-3 
 14.9 
 
 237 
 32.7 
 235 
 21.4 
 29.1 
 31-8 
 
 The average temperature for tlie year at Raleigh is, as elsewhere 
 said, almost exactly the same as the average temperature of the 
 Northern Hemisphere. It is also almost the same as Los Angeles, 
 Mexico, Naples and Rome. Raleigh's winter temperatnre is very 
 close to Naples and Rome. Its temperatnre during the si.x months 
 of winter is very near that of Rome, Naples, Madrid and Venice. 
 Considering temperature for each of these seasons and for the year, 
 the climate of Raleigh very closely resembles that of Naples. 
 
 The average rainfall (precipitation) is given for purposes of com- 
 parison. It will be noted that Raleigh's precipitation is very near 
 that of Baltimore, Boston, New York and Washington, while in 
 common with all American localities (with few exceptions), it is 
 greater than that of European points. 
 
 A lengthy visit to Raleigh, or, better a residence here, will con- 
 vince one of the great superiority of her climate, far better than is 
 possible to be given from long descriptions or tire.'^ome figures. 
 
 31 
 
1' " 
 
 
 
 
 
 |ttK^6^v^^g||i||^^ 
 
 . I^^^^^^^^^^^Hp^l 
 
 
 
 , , ^< :>-*, -W^^^^^^ 
 
 H^^*^^******^'*^* " ^H 
 
 1 
 
 
 fl 
 
 
 
 ^1 
 
 FARM VIEW NEAR RALEIGH. 
 
 PLEASURE DRIVE NEAR RALEIGH. 
 
HEALTH. 
 
 URING the War between the States, a board of eminent 
 sur^^eons and physicians was created for the purpose 
 of determining upon locations for extensive hospitals. 
 The locations were to combine, as far as possible, all 
 influences conducive to convalescence of invalids and 
 health of attendants. Raleigh was one of the two 
 locations designated by this board, after a careful 
 examination of the country at large. The conditions 
 necessarv to health in and around Raleigh are notori- 
 ously favorable. The entire Middle Section is remarkably salubrious 
 and healthful — only along some few rivers being found any degree 
 of deleterious malarial influence. Epidemics of fatal disease are 
 unknown. There have not been even sporadic cases of numerous 
 scourges which have prevailed elsewhere. The grippe, which was 
 so universal some yeais ago, partook of the character of an epidemic, 
 but very rarely in fatal form. The city has an active and wide- 
 awake Board of Health, which takes special interest and pride in 
 its duty, and insures the enforcement of all measures necessary for 
 and looking to the cleanliness of the municipality and the health- 
 ful comfort of the citizens. 
 
/ 
 
 ^ • a! 
 
 W J 
 
Population and Social Conditions. 
 
 gi"a^»-^^» fj^g^ 
 
 C!)J HE population of Raleigh and suburbs is 16,000, about 
 \\ ^A. forty per cent, of the number being Negroes. The 
 
 -^4, relations between the races are kind!)-, harmonious 
 and to a great degree affectionate ; for many of the 
 colored people are descendants of parents who 
 served, with fidelity and affection, the elderly white 
 population before the period of emancipation. 
 
 The whites exercise an active and liberal policy 
 in furthering the moral and educational interests of the colored 
 people, and the latter are, year after year, applying themselves 
 with ever-increasing effect to their own advancement. There has 
 never been strife between the two in Raleigh, and such a thing as 
 a "race war" is known only by hearsay or newspaj-cr mention. 
 The colored people constitute the best labor on earth, and large 
 numbers are taking places as skilled workmen in certain lines with 
 a capacity which cannot be surpassed. Under fair conditions they 
 are loyal and faithful and watchful of the interests of the employer. 
 They will ever prove a bar to the incoming of hordes of the foreign 
 scum which is held accountable for the serious labor disturbances, 
 the disastrous strikes and the interruption of business so frequently 
 experienced in those sections where the "scum" locates itself. 
 Such events are yet to come to a section where the greater part of 
 the manual labor of business enterprise is performed by the colored 
 people. 
 
 The people of Raleigh and all towns in the State are intelligent 
 en masse in their respective callings and conditions. This section 
 having been for generations more of an agricultural than a manu- 
 
 35 
 
COLONIAL GOVERNOR TRYON'S RESIDENCE. 
 
 :^M ' V 
 
 ««3 
 
 ^Mi^BK 
 
 
 CARRYING COTTON TO THE GIN. 
 
POPULATION AND SOCIAL CONDITIONS. 
 
 facturing- country, there is not yet a wide knowledge or extensive 
 training in factory work. But as factories are erected and the 
 native element called to operate the machinery, they take hold of 
 these new duties with an intelligence, aptitude and capacity for 
 learning the new business that are a source of wonder, amazement 
 and gratification to managers and superintendents who have come 
 from elsewhere to conduct manufacturing enterprises. Almost the 
 entire population is native born. The injection of foreign element 
 has been so limited as to leave more than ninety-nine per cent, of the 
 entire people purely native. The census of 1890 shows that of the 
 entire population of the State, (1,700,000) less than 4,000 are foreign 
 born. The city takes its character from the people who possess it. 
 Its denizens have always been a God-fearing and God-serving peo- 
 ple. Religious and moral development and influence have ever 
 been coextensive with material growth and progress. The people 
 worship in thirty-one churches — about one to every 500 of the 
 population — and the church-attending proclivity of the populace is 
 notable. 
 
 37 
 
ACADEMY OF MUSIC. 
 
 
 SUPREME COURT AND STATE LIBRARY. 
 
PUBLIC BUILDINGS, ETC. 
 
 ;,^^^^^. 
 
 (^ HE State Capitol is a splendid structure of neighboring 
 granite. It is one of the handsomest specimens of archi- 
 tecture to be found in the country. It is 140x160, and 
 one hundred feet high. It is quite a classic edifice — 
 manv attractive features being modeled after the Parthe- 
 non, the Lanthorn of Demosthenes, the Ionic temple on 
 the Illissius, the Octagon Tower of Andronicus, and the 
 Acropolis at Athens, 
 The North Carolina Insane Asylum is 730 feet in length, and 
 accommodates about 400 patients. It is situated on Dix Hill. 
 
 The North Carolina Institution for the Deaf and Dumb and the 
 Blind occupies Caswell Square, and after September, 1894, is to be 
 used for the blind only, a new structure for the deaf and dumb 
 having been erected at Morganton. 
 
 The colored department of this Institution is a spacious brick 
 structure on the opposite side of the city, and is fitted in every 
 respect for this important service. 
 
 The State Penitentiary is a magnificent building constructed of 
 brick, with granite enclosing wall, and was about twenty years in 
 building. It is a model edifice of the kind. 
 
 The Agricultural Department contains the necessary offices, the 
 State Geological Museum (which also is a museum of the forestry, 
 mines, fisheries, agriculture, etc., of the State), the Weather Bureau, 
 the Railroad Commission, and the rooms of the Agricultural Ex- 
 periment Station. 
 
 The Supreme Court and State Library building fronts Capitol 
 Square. Its exterior is plain, but it is admirably fitted within. It 
 
 39 
 
PUBLlCr.BUILDINGS. ETC. 
 
 contains the Supreme Court room, adorned with portraits of the emi- 
 nent jurists of North Carolina; the Attorney General's office, the 
 Supreme Court Library, office of the Superintendent of Public 
 Instruction, the office of Labor Statistics, and the State Library. 
 The last contains 45,000 volumes, and many portraits of citizens 
 eminent in every walk of life. 
 
 The Governor's Mansion is built of brick and marble and occu- 
 pies the center of Burke Square. Its hall is adorned with portraits 
 of the Governors. The beautiful marble from the Nantaliala, Macon 
 Count}-, is used in the construction of portions of the building. 
 
 The Post-office building is a handsome structure of granite, 
 erected at a cost of about half a million of dollars. Its appoint- 
 ments and equipments are complete. 
 
 Wake County Court-house is a unique building of brick and 
 brownstone. It is supplied with spacious fire-proof vaults for the 
 safe-keeping of records. A statue of Justice adorns the structure. 
 
 There are five Graded School buildings, all admirably arranged 
 andlfurnished for the important uses to which they are put. 
 
 The Town Hall is a building containing the municipal offices 
 andipolice headquarters, and amply serves these purposes, as well 
 asiproviding a spacious and airy hall for public meetings. 
 
 An elegant new union railroad passenger station has recently 
 been completed at a cost of eighty-five thousand dollars, and is an 
 ornament to the city. 
 
 There are four parks. Union Square, in which the Capitol is 
 located, is beautifully adorned with great umbrageous oaks and 
 pretty shrubbery. Nash Square and Moore Square are both near 
 the heart of the city, and are growing to be places of beauty and 
 popular afternoon and evening resorts. Pullen Park, on the west- 
 ern limits, is a gift to the town from Mr. R. S. Pullen, a public- 
 spirited citizen. It contains about sixty acres. This gentleman 
 not only gave the park to the municipality, but is steadily enhanc- 
 ing its natural beauties year by 3'ear at a generous expense. 
 
 The State Fair Grounds, with spacious buildings and splendid 
 race-course, are situated two miles westward of the Capitol. 
 
 41 
 
PUBLIC BUILDINGS, ETC. 
 
 The State Experiment Farm is at the western limits of the city. 
 Located thereon are model houses, barns, etc., and experimental 
 and test work in agriculture, cattle-feeding and the like are exhaus- 
 tively carried on. 
 
 The Federal and Confederate Cemeteries are both on the eastern 
 boundaries. They are neatly and prettily kept, and are adorned 
 with appropriate monuments. 
 
 BIRTHPLACE OF PRESIDENT ANDREW JOHNSON-RALEIGH. 
 
 43 
 
CHURCHES AND SCHOOLS. 
 
 the churches for the wliite population, four are Baptist, 
 four Methodist, three Protestant Episcopal, one Presby- 
 terian, one Christian, one Primitive Baptist, one Roman 
 Catholic, and there are various missions. Nearly ten 
 thousand members are numbered in the church con- 
 sreo-ations, and five thousand attendants are enrolled 
 in the Sunday Schools. The Y. M. C. A. and King's 
 Daughters are active — both having suitable quarters 
 and accommodations for carrying on their u^ork. 
 The North CaroliQa College of Agriculture and Mechanic 
 firts has a fine site of sixty-two acres just beyond the western cor- 
 porate limits. It is of brick, with Wake County granite and Anson 
 brownstone. The main building is 170x90 feet, and is surrounded 
 by necessary shops, dormitories, barn, greenhouses, etc. A five thou- 
 sand dollar addition in accommodations will be made to the insti- 
 tution in 1894. It has a thorough curriculum with military feature. 
 St. Mary's Sch)Ool, under Episcopalian auspices, for young 
 ladies, is famous throughout the country. It has more than five 
 thousand graduates, and there is scarcely a State in the Union that 
 does not have happy and cultured homes presided over and adorned 
 by members of the alumni of this institution. 
 
 Peace Institute, under Presbyterian patronage, is another 
 famous school for young ladies. It has an eflRcient corps of twenty 
 instructors in various departments. Its patronage embraces several 
 States, and its popularity and excellence secure for it year after year 
 a larg^e attendance. It is one of the institutions to w^hich city and 
 State refer with pride. 
 
 45 
 
CHURCHES AND SCHOOLS. 
 
 Tlie B.i]3tist denomiiiatiun has completed arranoements for begin- 
 ning the erection here of a nniversit\- for female edncation. Tlie 
 work of construction begins this year (1894).- The plans of the 
 main building involve a cost of seventy-five thousand dollars. 
 
 The F^aieigh Male flcademy, a splendid school for boys, is in 
 its fifteenth \ear and has an enrollment of one hundred and forty- 
 five students. The record of the standing of students from this 
 acadenu' in uni\ersities and colleges is unexcelled by an\- in the 
 countr\-. 
 
 The Graded Schools are models of their kind and their methods 
 are observed and practiced elsewhere. The reputation of the 
 teachers is wide and well merited. The total enrollment of these 
 schools is t\vent>-five hundred and thirty-two. There are in addi- 
 tion to these a number of private primary schools. 
 
 The Raleigh schools for the advanced edncation of the colored 
 people are not surpassed by an\- in the Union, either in extent or 
 equipment. 
 
 Sl^aw Ur)iversity is an immense brick structure. Adjoining is 
 Estey Seminar}' for females, and near by is Leonard Medical Col- 
 lege. These three institutions are under the same management. 
 They ha\'e a wide patr./uage. The King of the Belgians has sent 
 pupils here direct from the Congo Free State. 
 
 St. flugustine Normal School is another extensive educational 
 institution for the colored people. It has a number of handsome 
 and commodious buildings. It educates both sexes, and is con- 
 ducted with thoroughness and very favorable and far-reaching 
 results. It is the principal divinity school for colored people under 
 the patronage of the Protestant Episcopal Church in the United 
 States. 
 
 The State UQiversity. The University of North Carolina is 
 twent)-eight miles west of the city. It has eleven well appointed 
 buildings, and its curriculum includes all the liberal and scientific 
 branches. It has an annual appropriation of $20,000 from the 
 State, and is aided by the Deems Fund, which is designed to assist 
 needy students by loans; by the Francis Jones Smith Fund, the 
 
 47 
 
CHURCHES AND SCHOOLS. 
 
 income of which is applied to the education of such students as the 
 Faculty may designate; by the B. F. Moore scholarship, by the 
 Cameron scholarship, by the Alumni scholarship, and by the Mary 
 Ann Smith scholarships. Free tuition is also offered to candidates 
 for the ministry, to the sons of ministers, to young- men under 
 bodily infirmity, and to young men preparing to teach. 
 
 WaK^ Forest College. This institution, under control of the 
 Baptist denomination, is seventeen miles north of Raleigh. It is 
 admirably equipped with buildings and necessary apparatus for 
 study in all liberal and scientific branches. It has an endowment 
 fund of nearly $200,000. Ministers receive free tuition. Those 
 who have been licensed to preach, and are unable to command 
 means to defray the cost of board, may receive aid for this purpose 
 from the Board of Education of the Baptist State Convention. 
 Among other aids is the ^'Bostwick Loan Fund," created bv Mr. 
 J. A. Bostwick, of New York City, the annual interest, being at 
 present $1,440, to be used in making loans to students to pay 
 tuition bills. The North Carolina Baptist Students' Loan Asso- 
 ciation lends money to young men wishing to study in the college. 
 
 Trinity College. This is a high-class educational institution 
 under the control of the Methodist .denomination, and is twenty- 
 eight miles from Raleigh, at Trinity Park. It has four new and 
 superior buildings with seven handsome residences for the Faculty. 
 The whole is a municipal corporation, with its own mayor, com- 
 missioners, etc. There are eleven chairs of instruction and six 
 assistant instructors. Young men preparing for the ministry are 
 educated free of charge. Liberal donations have recently been 
 made to the college, and it ranks with other leading institutions of 
 the country. The Methodists have a pardonable pride in the 
 institution, and are able to see and will see that all advantages 
 wdiich should be offered can be had. 
 
 49 
 
BUSINESS, Etc. 
 
 ewspapcrs. The newspaper circulation from Raleigh is 
 
 1^ . larger than that of some cities, not far distant, of 
 
 more than forty thousand population. It pays more 
 
 postage on periodicals than, perhaps, any town of its 
 size in the Union. There are three daily papers, nine 
 weeklies, three monthlies, and a number of society and 
 denominational quarterlies. 
 
 BanKs- The city has four banks — all sound finan- 
 cial institutions. The National Bank of Raleigh, capital $225,000, 
 surplus $30,000, deposits $400,000. 
 
 The Citizens National, capital $[00,ooo, surplus $25,000, depos- 
 its $450,000. 
 
 The Commercial and Farmers Bank (State), capital $100,000, 
 surplus $15,000, deposits $230,000. 
 
 The Raleigh Savings Bank, capital $15,000, surplus $9,000, 
 deposits $150,000. 
 
 Since the aiite-bellum period no town of its size in the South has 
 excelled it in the extent and solidity of its banking facilities. 
 
 I^ailroads. Railroad facilities are the best, the main systems 
 being the Seaboard Air Line and the Southern, with immediate 
 connections that afford convenient and quick schedules in every 
 direction. The Seaboard Air Line is a through line from North 
 to South with excellent traffic arrangements, and operates, perhaps, 
 the finest passenger trains in the Southern States. There are three 
 outlets to the sea. The city is within five hours of Norfolk, Va., 
 about the same time to Richmond; ten hours to Washington, 
 thirteen to Philadelphia, and sixteen to New York. 
 
 51 
 
BUSINESS, ETC. 
 
 Factories. There are three cotton factories — one for spinning 
 yarns and two for prodncing fabrics. They operate fourteen thou- 
 sand spindles and three hundred looms, employing in the aggregate 
 about four hundred people. 
 
 Two fertilizer factories. 
 
 One phosphate mill. 
 
 One cotton-seed oil mill, with a capacity for crushing seventy- 
 five tons of seed per day. * 
 
 Two iron foundry and machine-shops. 
 
 Two wagon factories. 
 
 One ice factory. 
 
 Two tobacco factories. 
 
 One cigar factory. 
 
 One beer bottling establishment. 
 
 One railroad car factory. 
 
 Three contracting, building and woodworking establishments. 
 
 One furniture factory. 
 
 Two candy factories. 
 
 Two bakeries. 
 
 One medicinal factory. 
 
 One harness and saddle factory. 
 
 Extensive shops and factories of Raleigh and Gaston and Raleigh 
 and Augusta Air Line Railways. 
 
 Two coach and buggy factories. 
 
 One cotton compress. 
 
 Business convenience, protection and pleasure are offered in the 
 following: 
 
 A system of paved streets. 
 
 Electric street railway. 
 
 Electric and gas systems of lighting. 
 
 System of water-works with pumping capacity of 6,000,000 gal- 
 lons per day, supplying the purest water in the country. 
 
 Excellent system of sewerage. 
 
 Telephone Exchange. 
 
 A first-class and excellently equipped fire department. 
 
 53 
 

 CARALEIGH COTTON MILLS. 
 
 PILOT COTTON MILLS. 
 
BUSINESS, ETC. 
 
 Electric fire-alarm. 
 
 Two telegraph offices. 
 
 Three tobacco warehouses. 
 
 Three hotels. 
 
 Two extensive printing and publishing establishments, with a 
 number of smaller ones. 
 
 One paper factory. 
 
 A Chamber of Commerce and Industry, 
 
 A Cotton Exchange, handling forty thousand bales annually. 
 
 A Tobacco Exchange. 
 
 A home insurance company. 
 
 Spacious x-^gricultural Fair Grounds, 
 
 Two cotton platforms. 
 
 Farms of improved cattle and blooded horses. 
 
 Macadamized public roads from city to township limits, with 
 the work being extended. 
 
 Extensive and well equipped liveries. 
 
 All lines of general business conducted, wholesale and retail, by 
 highly rated and reliable houses. 
 
 Plans for the current year involve the following: 
 
 The erection of a $100,000 cotton factory on the cooperative plan. 
 
 A 15,000 addition to the Agricultural and Mechanical College. 
 
 The building of a $15,000 flouring mill. 
 
 The beginning of the building of the Baptist Female Univer- 
 sity, the main building of which will cost $75,000. 
 
 The completion of an extensive branch of the Lobdell Car Wheel 
 Works of Wilmington, Delaware. 
 
 The completion of large business buildings and residences now 
 under way, and the beginning of numerous others. 
 
 The completion of a $30,000 monument, the corner-stone of 
 which was laid May 22, 1894. 
 
 The erection of a monument in memory of Senator Z. B. Vance. 
 
 Benevoler)ce. The fraternal and benevolent orders have strong 
 branches. The A. F, and A, M,, I. O, O. F., K. of P., Royal 
 Arcanum, A. O. U. W., Jr. O. U. A, M,, and Red Men, with various 
 
 55 
 
COTTON PLATFORM. 
 
 ASSORTING DAMAGED COTTON. 
 
BUSINESS. ETC. 
 
 well sustained and well attended lodges and encampments, all 
 flourish. 
 
 Rex Hospital has an endowment of about thirty thousand dollars, 
 and in case of necessity is the recipient of liberal voluntary con- 
 tributions. 
 
 The Soldiers' Home has an appropriation from the State Treas- 
 ury, and also receives voluntary contributions. It has about sixty 
 inmates. 
 
 Proper provision sustains the Leonard Medical Hospital for col- 
 ored people. 
 
 57 
 
PUBLIC ROADS. 
 
 Cuts illustrating road work are used by courtesy of Mr. D. A. Tompkins. They were made to 
 
 illustrate road-working in Mecklenburg County, and are applicable to similar 
 
 work In Wake County. 
 
 i^^- 
 
 T has been well said that every member of society is inter- 
 ested in the public road. At birth, at death, and at 
 all intermediate points during life it is used, to a 
 ^ greater or less degree, by or for every individual 
 ,- member of society. It carries the doctor to the bed- 
 " side of the sick, the minister to administer consola- 
 tion to the dying, friends to the house of mourning, 
 and the dead to their graves. It brings purchaser 
 and consumer together. It is the avenue alike of pleasure and of 
 traffic. The farmer seeking his market, the commercial traveler 
 looking for customers, the millionaire in search of enjoyment with 
 his coach-and-four, the wheelman in the pursuit of health, the few 
 seeking pleasure and profit on wheels, and the many in like pur- 
 suits on foot — all are interested in the public roads. And yet, 
 direct and immediate as these interests are, many sections are con- 
 tent to follow the methods of half a century or more ago, to sub- 
 mit to inconvenience, to discomfort, and to the immense waste of 
 money and patience. 
 
 Nearly all the freight that is carried on the railroads has to be 
 brought to them over some kind of a road; all the freight that is 
 brought into the State by the railroads has to be distributed to the 
 citizens over some kind of a road. The value of farm lands, the 
 value of mill privileges, the value of factory locations, all depend 
 largely upon means of transportation, that is to say, on local roads. 
 These are facts which the people of Raleigh and Raleigh town- 
 
 59 
 
CONVICTS WORKING ROAD 
 
PUBLIC ROADS. 
 
 ship have recognized, and in consequence thereof are vigorously 
 moving in the matter of good roads. They have imposed a tax of 
 6^ cents on the hundred dollars of property as a road fund. They 
 have had enacted laws by which the labor of convicts is employed 
 in the work. Every able-bodied man in the township, outside the 
 municipality, is subject to four days work on the roads of the town- 
 ship each year, or the payment of two dollars in lieu thereof. The 
 road-working machinery, at present, consists of two steam road 
 rollers of fifteen tons weight each, crushers, road machines, numer- 
 ous teams and other necessary paraphernalia. Macadamized roads 
 are being built to the great advantage of the locality generally and 
 to the general enhancement of real estate. The "Good Road" 
 fever is rapidly spreading in adjoining townships, and in a short 
 time they will be engaged in the same work. It is apparent that 
 it is only a matter of time — very short time — before the best macad- 
 amized roads will be permeating all parts of the county. 
 
 6i 
 

TAXATION AND DEBT 
 
 AXES in North Carolina are comparatively light. A 
 caption tax is imposed which cannot exceed two dol- 
 ^^ lars on the poll. By provision of the Constitution 
 ^^^^\/y^ property tax cannot exceed sixty-six and two-third 
 i'" cents on each one hundred dollars worth of property. 
 "*"" The total State debt is $5,939,100, but this is 
 ' ^Jr offset in part by the State's interest in the North 
 Carolina Railroad, amounting to $2,700,000; so that 
 the State debt practically amounts to $3,219,100, which bears 
 interest at four per cent. 
 
 In Raleigh the total State, county and municipal tax amounts to 
 two dollars eleven and one-third cents on each one hundred dol- 
 lars worth of property, divided as follows: 
 
 State tax, general $ 25,^4 
 
 County tax, general 20 '^ 
 
 School tax, general 16 
 
 Graded school tax, special in township 20 
 
 Road tax, special in township 6% 
 
 Municipal tax ^ i-23>'3 
 
 Total $2.11 
 
 '3 
 
 The assessed valuation of city property, real and personal, is, in 
 round numbers, $4,800,000. The actual value of the same prop- 
 erty at a conservative estimate is over $10,000,000. It thus appears 
 that on the actual value of the property the municipal tax rate would 
 be sixty-one and two-third cents on the hundred, and the total tax 
 rate would be one dollar five and two-third cents on the hundred. 
 
 63 
 
TAXATION AND DEBT. 
 
 Investigation will demonstrate that very few cities in the X.^nion, 
 if indeed any, which offer the same advantages, have so low a tax 
 rate as Raleigh. 
 
 The net bonded debt of the city is $197,509.84, as follows: 
 
 Six per cent, fnnded debt bonds $ 81,150 00 
 
 Five per cent, consolidated debt bonds 43,000 00 
 
 Five per cent, street improvement bonds — 25,000 00 
 Five percent, public improvement bonds .. 75,000 00 
 
 $224,150 00 
 Less assets of sinking fund 26,640 16 
 
 Net bonded debt $197,509 84 
 
 65 
 

TIMBERS. 
 
 forestry of North Carolina is remarkable for its extent, 
 its variety, the number of its species, and also for its 
 contrasts. For in this State is presented the only 
 instance where the influence of latitude is displaced by 
 that of longitude. Standing near sea-level, where the 
 shores are washed by the tepid waters of the Gulf 
 Stream, we meet the semi-tropical palmetto and the 
 evergreen live-oak congenial to the soil and climate of 
 Florida; thence, advancing to the west, and ascending 
 the summits of mountains, we encounter the different forms of the 
 fir, the balsam, the hemlock and the white pine. The whole 
 country is thus not only adorned with arbored forms of great beauty 
 and scientific interest, but with trees of great value in all that con- 
 duces to the gratification of human wants, and forming a powerful 
 factor in industrial pursuits and in the interchanges of commerce. 
 In order to realize the extent to which this richness of forest 
 development is concentrated within the area of this State, it is only 
 necessary to call attention to the distribution of a few kinds which 
 are dominant and characteristic. Of species found in the United 
 States (east of the Rocky Mountains), there are 
 
 Oaks 22, and 19 in North Carolina. 
 
 Pines (trees) 8, 'and 8 in North Carolina. 
 
 Spruces 5, and 4 in North Carolina. 
 
 Elms 5, and 3 in North Carolina. 
 
 Walnuts 2, and 2 in North Carolina. 
 
 Birches 5, and 3 in North Carolina. 
 
 Maples 5, and 5 in North Carolina. 
 
 Hickories 8, and 6 in North Carolina. 
 
 Magnolias 7, and 7 in North Carolina. 
 
 67 
 
SCENES IN THE WOOD. 
 
TIMBERS. 
 
 l^alei:gh, in the midrlle section, is sitnated at the meeting of the 
 limits ^of the oak and th^ pi»e, and in a territory in which grow a 
 ■vsrc'xeXy 3.n6. abundance of commercial and easily accessible timbers, 
 to describe which would require more space than is included in 
 tbis volume. Some idea may be conceived concerning them from 
 the following opinions — one from a noted traveler and one from 
 am. extensive lumiber merchant and expert: 
 
 "A greater variety of timber trees are to be found iu Wake County than in any 
 •other county in th-e State. In point of value the long leaf pine comes first, cov- 
 ering at least one-third of the area of the county. * * * Sycamore, walnut, 
 oak and hickory are spontaneous growth of all parts of the county. Large white 
 oaks are abundant on all the tributaries of the Cape Fear and the Haw. 
 
 "I was once riding in a park of three hundred acres belonging to an English 
 member of Parliament; I observed that all the oaks were post-oaks, and so 
 remarked to him. He replied, ' Oh! I can show you /'/^r^^ varieties.' I told him 
 in my town (Raleigh) in America I could show him twenty varieties of red-oak 
 alone. This he evidently thought a mistake, and on my return I sent him 
 twelve varieties of red-oak acorns found in the yard of Dr. Hogg and in Capitol 
 Square. I sent in the same package, also, acorns of the chestnut and white-oaks, 
 and in acknowledging the receipt of the same he said: 'The great variety of 
 Quercus rubra is marvellous; some of them must be hybrids, but the acorns of 
 the chestnut and white-oaks have attracted the most attention on account of size. 
 I have divided them with the Earl of EUesmere, who has caused them to be care- 
 fully planted.' R. B. H." 
 
 Rai^eigh, March 23. 
 CoL. Wm. J. Saunders, Real Estate and General Agenty Raleigh, N. C. 
 
 De.'X.R Sir: I have been over and examined carefully the tract of land you 
 offer- to sell me. If I were a younger man I can see how I could make a nice 
 fortune out of it. 
 
 My boys all have mills, dry-kiln and planing plants of their own, and could not 
 take hold of it. In my judgment it is the most valuable tract of land in Wake 
 County of the same number of acres. 
 
 The great quantity of various kinds of timber, white-oak, water-oak, walnut, 
 gum, ash and poplar, with a large lot of pine that is better than our Moore 
 County long straw for all inside finish, make it a very desirable tract for timber; 
 and after the timber is cut away you will have the best laud, in my knowledge, 
 for all kinds of crops, and bottom enough to raise enough hay for the county. It 
 seems to me that you might find a buyer readily for the property at a fair price. 
 I would want no better chance for making money if I were situated so that I 
 could take hold of it. Very truly yours, 
 
 (Signed) A. F. PAGE. 
 
 69 
 
TOBACCO. 
 
 T was Sir Walter Raleigh, for whom the city is named, who, 
 discovering the fascination of its spell, introduced the 
 use of tobacco in the Old World. The discovery was, 
 perhaps, the most precious boon bestowed by the New 
 World; for this plant offered and supplied a seductive 
 and restful influence, a power to cheer and soothe, a 
 longed for elixir which mankind had always been 
 craving, alwavs seekino^ and never findino- until it was 
 discovered through the indomitable enterprise and 
 research of the man who planted the first white colony of the New 
 World on the fertile soil of North Carolina. 
 
 The tobacco plant is a very thrifty one, and its cultivation 
 involves nothing very peculiar on soil adapted to it. It is no more 
 difficult than the proper cultivation of corn or cotton. It must be 
 well done to secure a profitable \ield. A sluggard cannot grow 
 fine tobacco. 
 
 The "Golden Belt" — the section in which Raleigh is situated — 
 is the original home of high grade tobaccos, and especially of that 
 quality known the world over as "Virginia Brights." This name 
 was given the product for the simple reason that the shipments of 
 it to foreign countries were made from Virginia ports. The Caro- 
 lina product and Carolina manufacture of the same are now known 
 the world over. The largest smoking tobacco factories on earth 
 are twenty-eight miles from Raleigh. Wake County contains as 
 large a percentage of fine tobacco lands as any count}' in the State, 
 and the cultivation of the weed is highly successful under ordinary 
 conditions. The curing process demands the most particular care 
 
 70 
 
TOBACCO. 
 
 in connechon with the crop, but this process can be easily mastered 
 by ordinary application to details. 
 
 Accurac)- as to the average yield of tobacco per acre and average 
 cost of production is practically impossible on account of the vari- 
 ous grades from any one acre, and the weight and qualitv from 
 different soils. A liberally conservative estimate would be an 
 average yield of four hundred pounds per acre at a cost of ten cents 
 per pound. There would be grades in the crop \ield that would 
 sell at from three to fifty cents per pound. It has not been uncom- 
 mon to realize from one dollar to three dollars per pound, but only 
 a very small part of a large crop can bring these prices, and they 
 are not considered in the average estimate. Raleigh has ample 
 facilities for handling tobacco and has soM four million pounds per 
 annum. This has not been done, however, during the past two 
 years. 
 
 Official records of sales show the following prices obtained by 
 Wake County planters: 
 
 Mr. R. L. Williams, a\'erage price of $47.08 per hundred for crop. 
 
 Mr. W. M. Yates, $400 for three-acre crop. 
 
 Mr. I. D. Coley, $3,000 for a ten-acre crop. 
 
 Mr. Icana Pool, $2,000 for a ten-acre crop. 
 
 Mr. Hines Scarborough, average price of $25 })er hundred for crop. 
 
 Mr. John W. Parker, average price of $30 per hundred for crop. 
 
 Mr. J. A. vStell, average price of $40 for one barn curing. 
 
 Mr. S. W. Stone sold 1,321 pounds for $455.35. 
 
 Mr. S. 13. Griffin sold 610 pounds for $132. 
 
 Mr. G. T. Powell sold 481 pounds for $136.32. 
 
 Mr. C. P. Bullock sold 1,617 pounds for $322.89. 
 
 Mr. J. E. Ballentine sold 1,395 pounds for $325.30. 
 
 Mr. A. P. Coley sold 254 pounds for $86.73. 
 
 Mr. D. D. Boling sold 831 pounds for $254.93. 
 
 The county now produces about half a million pounds, which 
 sells at an average of about twenty cents per pound. 
 
># .?-;*' ,4>i(K 
 
 /Vvl*>**r\'^'»s :»• 
 
 
 
 
 -^''^zm 
 
 
COTTON. 
 
 HIS standard staple of the South has its characteristic agri- 
 cultural and commercial importance in Raleigh and 
 vicinity. Over seventy-five thousand bales have been 
 handled in the Raleigh market in one season. The 
 present average number handled is from thirty to forty 
 thousand bales. The annual average production of Wake 
 County is about twenty thousand bales, but as many as 
 forty thousand bales have been produced in one year. 
 Soil and climatic conditions are favorable to its culture, and well 
 directed and intelligent work extracts large yields. Commerce in 
 cotton has been reduced to nearly an exact science, and under a 
 condition of this kind it is unreasonable to expect large profits 
 from its culture; but the necessities for its use demand its produc- 
 tion, and it can be produced here at a profit. This can be exem- 
 plified by citing facts. Mr. R. J. Bufifaloe, living near Raleigh, 
 produces from a bale to a bale and a half per acre annually, and 
 has not made less than twenty bales to the horse in many years. It 
 is no uncommon thing to produce twenty-five bales to the horse iti 
 Wake. One farmer in White Oak Township produced one hundred 
 and thirty-five bales from one hundred and twent\-nine acres in 
 1893. The city has a live Cotton Exchange and is well provided 
 with facilities for handling and shipping; there being two spacious 
 platforms, a cotton compress and numerous storage houses. There 
 are three factories for working the staple — one for spinning yarns 
 and two for producing fabrics. 
 
 73 
 
CEREALS AND STOCK RAISING. 
 
 ^f OR reasons formerly given the soil is well adapted to the 
 _ is growing of all the cereals, grasses, etc. The corn crop 
 
 '^^ of the county is the largest in the State; the wheat 
 crop is large and valuable; the oat crop is good, and it 
 has conclusively proven a high capacity for producing 
 the most luxuriant grasses and clover; and this latter 
 capacity carries an eminent fitness and adaptability for 
 stock raising. Indeed, the readiness of the soil to pro- 
 duce all the cereals and grasses, and the specially favorable climatic 
 conditions, offer a field and opportunity for this industry not 
 excelled and perhaps not equalled by any other section of country. 
 No very extensive effort has been made in this direction, but the 
 few progressive spirits who have touched it have found ready and 
 remunerative sales for their stock, and a patronage extending from 
 New York to Texas. Long experience and comprehensive tests 
 have demonstrated grass growing and stock raising to be success- 
 ful. Capt. B. P. Williamson, a gentleman who investigates and 
 proves matters in which he is interested, and proprietor of Fairview 
 Stock Farm, says: 
 
 "Ten years' experience has taught me that many of the best grasses and all the 
 best clovers grow well around Raleigh, and with the care taken in all other sec- 
 tions with their growing we get as good results as others anywhere. 
 
 " Five years' experience in breeding fine horses justifies me in saying that we 
 can breed and raise them as fine, as good, and as cheaply as in any section of our 
 great country." 
 
 The World's Columbian Exposition at Chicago awarded the 
 Blue Ribbon and Gold Medal for the best wool to a Raleigh gen- 
 
 75 
 
CEREALS AND STOCK RAISING. 
 
 tleman — Maj. R. S. Tucker. The superior facilities in this sec- 
 tion for sheep raising are indisputable, though no extensive advan- 
 tage has been taken of them. An authoritative writer in TAe 
 Tradesman^ speaking of an area of which central North Carolina 
 forms a large part, says: 
 
 "Taking it all in all, it is doubtful if there is a better, if as good, section for 
 the raising of sheep in the United vStates. The climate, soil and other conditions 
 are admirably adapted to the raising of sheep. The winters are not so severe that 
 the sheep require shelter much of the time, and there are but few days when thev 
 are unable to pick a living on the field or forest range. With the exception of 
 extraordinary or exceptional winter weather, such as experienced during last 
 January (1S93), they will keep in good condition with what they will find in the 
 fields and woods without prepared feed. 
 
 " Where will one find a more ideal sheep range than the Piedmont region, or the 
 lower vSoutheastern slope of the Blue Ridge, having an altitude of five hundred to 
 one thousand feet above the sea — a region extending from Northern Virginia to 
 Northern Alabama ? Here the mountain range breaks the force of the cold storms 
 from the Northwest, and the air is sutficiently cool, dry and rarified to prevent the 
 debilitating or unhealthy effects of warm weather. Here is a belt twenty to forty 
 miles wide and nearly a thousand miles long that will in time become famous as 
 a pastoral region. 
 
 " In the matter of mutton as food the South needs more than is supplied at pres- 
 ent. More mutton and less pork should be used, and in time — and not very long 
 time — would be shown in more healthful results with the people. As a summer 
 or warm weather meat food it is excellent. 
 
 "As to a market for mutton, there is Washington, Baltimore, Philadelphia, 
 New York, Cincinnati, Louisville and numerous smaller cities, all within easy 
 reaching distance of the field of production, that would consume a large amount 
 of mutton if it could be supplied promptly and in good condition when most 
 needed." 
 
 Mr. John (t. Springer, Secretary American Southdown Breeders' 
 Association, writing to the State Agricultural Society, says: " Your 
 State is so well adapted to sheep breeding, that it cannot be longer 
 than a few years before this will be one of its leading live stock 
 industries." 
 
 The section offers all desirable advantages for cattle and swine 
 raising^. The finest strains of cattle and the best breeds of swine 
 are shown in their best development at the annual State Fair at 
 Raleigh. 
 
 76 
 
FRUITS. 
 
 V all the natural products of this section, perhaps none 
 are of greater importance, both from a hygienic and 
 financial point of view, than the various fruits for 
 which its soil and climate are so peculiarly well 
 adapted. It is the only State that fills all the agri- 
 cultural blanks in the United vStates census reports, 
 and the State's list of fruits include all but the most 
 tropical. From the time its fruits were first put upon 
 the markets of the country, they have commanded the 
 highest prices on account of their superior qualties. The range is 
 wide, both as to variety of production and the length of time during 
 which fruits ripen — from May till late October. This is because 
 of the happy intermediate position of Wake County between the 
 extremes of semi-arctic and semi-tropical temperature, — the needed 
 degree of cold to check exuberant growth, but the absence of that 
 deeree of cold fatal to arrested and dormant vitality. Every 
 variety of fruit known to the Temperate Zone is at home. Orchard 
 fruits and the grape, however, can only be handled to advantage 
 in a commercial way, since the strawberry and other "truck" and 
 small fruits are earlier ready for market in the country sixty to one 
 hundred miles to eastward. One of the most prominent fruit 
 growers in the United States, Mr. J. Van Lindley, writing about 
 fruits in this section, says: 
 
 (Apples. "In thelist of apples for early winter, the Carolina Beauty is of great 
 value; medium to large in size; as red as the old red June apple; a young and very 
 prolific bearer, and equal to or a better keeper than the old Wine Sap. It origi- 
 nated in Wake County, and is sure to become popular as fast as it becomes known. 
 McCuller's Winter also originated in Wake County, N. C. It is a highly colored 
 
 77 
 
FRUITS. 
 
 dark-red apple, of medium good quality, and will keep all wiuter without an\' 
 trouble or extra care. It is also au annual bearer and very prolific — as full as it 
 can hang every year. I know of none equal to it for beaut}', and it has size suffi- 
 cient to make it a good market apple." 
 
 PcacFjes. "The Sneed: It is ripe ten days before Amsden or Alexander. At 
 Raleigh it will ripen from 25th of May to 5th of June, according as the seasons 
 vary. Thus by proper selection we now get peaches the first week in June. We 
 now can have peaches from first of June to first of November, covering a period 
 of six months. A similar improvement has been made throughout the season. 
 We now have the Elberta ripening latter part of July; its great size, good color 
 and good bearing qualities have in a short time made it one of the greatest 
 market peaches in every part of the United States. It is a Georgia seedling, and 
 is being planted in the South in numbers equal to all other varieties combined." 
 
 Inasmuch as other fruits are as favorably affected by the same 
 conditions, this section offers similar advantages for the growing 
 of pears, apricots, wild goose plums, Japanese persimmons, etc. 
 
 Grapes. A fact, long accepted, is that the grape grows to greater 
 perfection in North Carolina than anywhere else. Some of the 
 most noted and choicest varieties originated here, such as the Ivin- 
 coln, Catawba and Scuppernong. From the Catawba came the 
 Concord, Niagara and Martha. It is claimed that the Delaware is 
 from the same source as the Lincoln, and from the Scuppernong 
 came the Mish and the James — all of North Carolina origin. As 
 is well known, these are the finest varieties of grapes in the world. 
 The Wake County Grape Growers' Association has held a number 
 of grape fairs or shows of marvellous beauty and excellence. In 
 the immediate vicinity of Raleigh there are about four hundred 
 acres in grapes, from which shipments of ninety thousand baskets 
 have been annually made to Northern markets. Grapes begin to 
 ripen in July and can be taken from the vines till November. 
 
 Mr. H. Bilyeu, whose vineyard is two miles from Raleigh, netted 
 five hundred dollars from two acres of Delaware grapes in 1893. 
 
 Messrs. Patch & Roberts, extensive fruit and commission mer- 
 chants of Boston, Mass., say: 
 
 " During the last few years North Carolina has come forward prominentl)' as a 
 fruit growing State. Fruits and vegetables which it can produce will find a ready 
 sale in any of the Northern markets. We would name, first, Delaware grapes, 
 and, second, Concord grapes. These two varieties are always in demand in all 
 
 78 
 
FRUITS. 
 
 markets, and while they will not yield high prices, such as were obtained ten 
 years ago, they will sell at figures paying the grower well for his work. We doubt 
 the advisability of growing any other kinds of grapes. We see no reason why 
 peaches would not do well. A peach is known the world over and always wanted." 
 
 Hon. Clark Bell, editor of the Medico- Legal Journal, of New 
 York, in writing of a recent visit to this State, says: 
 
 " Either North Carolina or Georgia must be regarded as the paradise of the 
 fruit grower. I have had a large experience in vine growing and wine making in 
 western New York, having planted one of the first vineyards on the shores of 
 Lake Keuka, and being one of the promoters of the Urbana Wine Company, and 
 may fairly be classed as one qualified to speak, in a practical way, as to the gen- 
 eral features of fruit growing. The wine growing industry, yet in its infancy in 
 North Carolina, has gone far enough to demonstrate an assured success in a lucra- 
 tive way to those who carry on its productions on business methods. 
 
 " The difficulties with which the Northern grower has to contend are the high 
 price of land and labor, and the early frost. Labor in North Carolina is abundant 
 and cheap. Eight dollars per month will cover the wages of men with rations, 
 which can be computed at $2.50 per month. Frost is quite out of the question. 
 The cost of land in desirable locations is as low as ^3 to Iro per acre, and if unim- 
 proved land is taken a net of |io would be ample to put good land ready to plant 
 the vine. The plow can run every month in the year. 
 
 " By way of Norfolk, the markets of New York and Philadelphia are as acces- 
 sible to the fruit growers of these vStates as to Western New York, in both time 
 and rate." 
 
 IN A STRAWBERRY FIELD. 
 
 79 
 
LANDS. 
 
 CONTINUED use of land without fertilization will 
 exhaust its strength and yielding- qualities, and such 
 lands are to be found in this section. But the pro- 
 cess of renovation is easy, cheap and quick, as can 
 be shown by the following descriptive experiment 
 from Prof. W. F. Massey, of the North Carolina 
 College of Agriculture and the Mechanic Arts: 
 
 "The wonderful rapidity and low cost at which our worn-out lauds can be 
 brought to great productiveness is a constant surprise. No better illustration can 
 be found than the lands attached to the North Carolina Agricultural Experiment 
 Station. Only a few years ago this was a bare hilltop in an old field, and, noto- 
 riously, the most poverty-stricken spot of land in the count}-. It might perhaps 
 have made, in a good season, five bushels of corn per acre, probably less. And 
 yet we have on this poverty-stricken hill to-day a variety and luxuriance of 
 growth which is surprising to those who have known the land. And it has not 
 been by lavish expenditure of the Station funds that it has been brought up, but 
 merely by the aid of those potent factors in soil improvement in the South, cow 
 peas and crimson clover, and at no greater cost than any farmer can afford. We 
 have one piece of land, several acres in extent, which has grown a crop of ensi- 
 lage corn every year for four years. The first year's crop was a miserably poor 
 one, and each succeeding one better, while this year's crop would have made 
 forty to fifty bushels of corn per acre had it been cured for grain. The agent in 
 this was crimson clover aided by deep plowing of the red, clayej' soil. Each 
 season, as the corn is cut off, seed of crimson clover is sown on the land. By 
 April it is knee high, and is turned under later, when fully mature, and corn is 
 planted. In the short space of four years this barren hillside has conie to rival 
 the rich bottom lands at a cost of Si. 50 per acre for clover seed." 
 
 The price "of farm lands in Wake County ranges from five dollars 
 to two hundred and fifty dollars per acre — according to condition 
 and location. 
 
 80 
 
THE N. C. AGR. EXPERIMENT STATION, 
 
 INCLUDING 
 THE FERTILIZER CONTROL STATION AND STATE WEATHER SERVICE. 
 
 By H. B. battle, Ph. D., Director. 
 
 y^ « ^-^^»^^^..>^:^ 
 
 HIS institution is located in Raleigh, the cit\- offices and 
 laboratories being in the Agricultural Building im- 
 mediately north of the Capitol, while the Experiment 
 Farm is situated one and one-half miles west of the 
 city limits, adjoining the State Fair Grounds. It is 
 under the control of the Board of Trustees of the 
 Agricultural and Mechanical College, and is now a 
 part of that institution, though when organized in 
 1877 it was connected with the Department of Agriculture. Its 
 support is now derived from the general government through the 
 well known Hatch Act for the maintenance of agricultural experi- 
 ment stations in the various States and Territories of the Union. 
 
 The functions of the Station are twofold, first, as a Ferlilizer 
 Control Station; second, as an Agricultural Experiment Station in 
 the broadest sense of the word, both for the purpose of acquiring 
 and diffusing among the people of the State useful and practical 
 information on subjects connected with agriculture, and also for 
 conducting scientific investigations and experiments. 
 
 North Carolina has always shown herself to be a pioneer in new 
 works, and is always in the first rank in the establishment of new 
 institutions for the advancement of the interests. She established 
 the first Agricultural Experiment Station in the Southern States, 
 and the second in the broad expanse of America. The Station, 
 which thus came into existence in 1877, had for its first work the 
 control of the fertilizer trade by a chemical analysis of the fertiliz- 
 ing ingredients offered for sale in the State, thus preventing fraud 
 
 Si 
 
AGRICULTURAL EXPERIMENT STATION. 
 
 and forcing manufactnrers to furnish the materials tliey claim to 
 sell. It continues to occupy this position for the protection of all 
 classes of farmers, and it is safe to sa\- that in the sixteen years of 
 its existence it has saved the farmers of the State many millions of 
 dollars by preventing the sale of adulterated and worthless fertili- 
 zers. In the early years of its life the chemical investigation was 
 its main work. Besides analyzing fertilizers it was also emploved 
 in examining hundreds of samples of marls, mucks, soils, cotton- 
 seed products, phosphates, waters, home-made composts and mis- 
 cellaneous fertilizing ingredients, chemicals, etc. It printed and 
 spread broadcast hundreds of thousands of its publications giving 
 information of every character. It thoroughly examined the nat- 
 ural phosphate deposits of the State, the pyrite deposits, the by- 
 products of the rice industry, the cotton and tobacco products, the 
 jute industry, the sorghum and sugar-beet industry, the investiga- 
 tion of horn, leather and wool waste, of phosphate floats, of soja 
 bean, and various forage plants and others just as important. 
 
 Later on an Experimental Farm was added to the agencies at 
 work. Then a State Weather Service was organized b\- the Sta- 
 tion, and the various benefits resulting from it, such as the fore- 
 knowledge of frosts and cold waves, and the value of weather indi- 
 cations, were not lost to the State. 
 
 At the present time there are in operation in the Station the 
 divisions of Chemistry, Agriculture, Botanv, Entomology, Horti- 
 culture, Meteorology, and Veterinary Science, and on its staff are 
 both scientific and practical men, trained experts who have had 
 ample experience both in the science and practice of agriculture, 
 in the field and in the laboratory. The scope of the work can be 
 summarized as follows: 
 
 1. Chemical Division^ including all chemical work of the Sta- 
 tion, the fertilizer control, the analyses of milk, butter, food and 
 fodders, marls, phosphates, mucks, soils, chemicals, waters, etc. 
 
 2. Agriailtiiral Division. Embraces work done in the field, sta- 
 ble and dairy; in testing the various fertilizing ingredients on dif- 
 ferent crops; the varieties of wheat, oats, cotton and corn, grasses, 
 
 82 
 
AGRICULTURAL EXPERIMENT STATION. 
 
 clovers and other forage plants-; by actual feeding tests to ascertain 
 the value of fodders and grass, ensilage, cotton-seed products for 
 fattening purposes, the digestibility of different food stuffs, and 
 profitable feeding. In the dairy work various implements are 
 tested, improved methods tried, and in general the endeavor is to 
 extend the dairy interest throughout the State, recognizing that 
 the judicious keeping of stock is one salvation of our people. In 
 different parts of the State, to reach as many soils as possible, co- 
 operative tests have been made in representative localities. At 
 these points have been tested on the various soils different fertiliz- 
 ing ingredients on different crops, different varieties of field and 
 garden crops, fruits, etc. 
 
 3. Botanical Division. Tests the purity and vitality of field and 
 garden seeds, grasses and clover; identifies plants and ascertains 
 their value; examines diseases of plants and investigates the best 
 remedies. Disseminates practical information on the best agricul- 
 tural grasses and their culture, on the most troublesome weeds and 
 how to eradicate them. 
 
 4. Entomological Division. Studies the various insect pests which 
 inflict us, and suggests remedies and methods of extermination. 
 
 5. Horticultural Division. Investigates the different varieties of 
 fruits and vegetables, and their adaptability to our soils and climates ; 
 also the methods for cultivation, gathering and shipment to markets ; 
 seeks to orginate and improve new and promising varieties. 
 
 6. Meteorological Division. Embraces the State Weather Ser- 
 vice, operating in conjunction with the Weather Bureau of the 
 United States Department of Agriculture; collects meteorological 
 data from over the State and preserves it for permanent record. 
 Telegrams giving forecasts of weather for the following dav are 
 distributed, also cold wave and frost warnings for the protection 
 of fruit, tobacco and trucking interests. A weekly bulletin, show- 
 ing the effect of the weather on the crops, is i.ssued during the 
 growing season, and over three hundred reporters from every one 
 of the ninety-six counties of the State aid in making it a successful 
 publication. 
 
 83 
 
AGRICULTURAL EXPERIMENT STATION. 
 
 7. Vetfn'iiary Division. Investigates diseases of stock and ques- 
 tions which may be of interest and vahie to owners of stock — and 
 every farmer is a stock owner. 
 
 8. Bureau of Information. Correspondence is invited on all sub- 
 jects connected with agriculture, both scientifically and practically. 
 The staff of the Station is at all times ready to reply promptly, and 
 give the proper information wherever possible. 
 
 9. DihisioJi of Publications. The Experiment Station issues 
 numerous publications, including bulletins and annual reports, 
 which are sent free to all who request them. The bulletins are 
 not issued regularly, but only when the material on hand justifies 
 it — averaging once in about five or six weeks. Over 13,000 farmers 
 and others now receive them. The following are some of the sub- 
 jects treated, and occupying from four to one hundred and forty- 
 eight pages each issue, mau>' of them being copiously illustrated; 
 Compost formulas, seed tests, stock feeding on scientific principles, 
 Indian corn, weed pests of the farm (illustrated), cotton-seed meal 
 and hulls as a stock feed, hill-side ditching, co-operative field tests, 
 injurious insects, fungous diseases of crops, value of pea-vine 
 manuring for wheat, facts for farmers, onion and celery culture, 
 late crop of Irish potatoes in the South, tobacco curing, orchard 
 and garden fruits, horticultural tests, digestion experiments with 
 common food stuffs, leguminous crops and their value, etc., etc. 
 
 The offices of the Station and the chemical laboratories occupy 
 the entire first floor of the right wing of the Agricultural Build- 
 ing (cut of which appears elsewhere), and the meteorological divis- 
 ion (State Weather Service) and the botanical and entomological 
 office and laboratory on the third floor, while the weather instru- 
 ments are upon the roof, as well as the flag-staff for disseminating 
 the weather forecasts by means of flags. The agricultural division 
 with its field work and work in the barn, stables and dair\', and 
 the horticultural division with its tests in the plant house, glass 
 forcing houses and in the open ground, are all located at the Experi- 
 ment Farm, one and one-half miles west of the city. 
 
 84 
 
DISTANT VOICES. 
 
 HE Hon. Chauncey M. Depew, in an address to the 
 Ahnnni Association of Yale University, said of his recent 
 trip throngii the Southern States: "The net results of 
 this visit to the South, to my mind, is just this: that the 
 South is the bonanza of the future. We have devel- 
 oped all the great and sudden opportunities for wealth — 
 or most of them — in the Northwestern States and on the 
 Pacific slope, but here is a vast country with the best 
 climate in the world; with conditions of health which are absolutely 
 unparalleled; with vast forests untouched; with enormous veins of 
 coal and iron which yet have not known anything- beyond their 
 original condition; with soil, that under proper cultivation, for 
 little capital, can support a tremendous population; with condi- 
 tions in the atmosphere for comfortable living Winter and Sum- 
 mer, which exist nowhere else in this country; and that is to be 
 the attraction for the young men who go out from the farms to 
 seek settlement, and not by immigration from abroad, for I do not 
 think they will go that way, but by the internal immigration from 
 our own country it is to become in time as prosperous as any other 
 section of the country, and as prosperous by a purely American 
 development." 
 
 Title Page of Manufacturers' Record, April 6, 1894: "South- 
 ward is the trend of all business interests. Manufacturers, capi- 
 talists, business men in general and farmers all realize that, as the 
 late Judge Kelly predicted, 'the South is the coming El Dorado of 
 American adventure.' The business forces of the whole country 
 are being turned to the South, and the next ten years will show a 
 rate of progress scarcely dreamed of now." 
 
 85 
 
DISTANT VOICES. 
 
 From CorrespoQdence of Thos. P. Grasty: "North Caro- 
 lina's exhibit (at the World's P'airj is the one which will probably 
 take the prize for the best collective exhibit made by any State or 
 nation. The mineral exhibit attracts constant attention alike from 
 technical and plain every-day people on acconnt of the great range 
 and variety of its contents. It would be difficult to call for a mineral 
 not to be found in this exhibit. The agricultural department em- 
 braces probably the largest variety of products shown by any State 
 or nation. The portion of it devoted to tobacco contains the finest 
 and costliest kinds grown in the United States. It is made up 
 largely of what is known as 'Virginia Brights,' of wdiich as much 
 as eighty per cent, of the total product of the two States of Virginia 
 and North Carolina is grown in the latter. It got to be called 
 'Virginia Brights' because most of it was marketed in Virginia 
 cities. There is cotton in every stage of growth, with cereals, 
 grasses and truck-garden products in infinite variety. There are 
 even live tea plants. Profes.sor Saunders, of the United States 
 Pomological Department, recently said that_ North Carolina was 
 the best apple orchard in the Union." 
 
 New England Medical Mor)thly, of April, 1894: "It is only 
 just to say that the Seaboard Air Line Railroad, with its nine 
 hundred and twenty-seven miles, its excellent road-bed, fine coaches, 
 the courteous treatment of its employees and the rapid facilities for 
 transportation, the good time made by its trains, all go to make up, 
 what it is in reality, the best railroad in the South, and Major 
 Winder is to be congratulated upon the ver\- high state of efficiency 
 with which he administers this great corporation. The Seaboard 
 Air Line Railroad goes directly through the Piedmont Region, a 
 section of North Carolina which has always been noted for the 
 healthfulness of its climate. 
 
 "We would not do justice if we did not mention the special cour- 
 tesies tendered by the Vice-President and General Manager, Major 
 Winder; General Passenger Agent T. J. Anderson; Division Super- 
 intendent, Captain Whisnant, and Mr. Voorhees. Mr. John T. 
 Patrick also was with our party, staying with us until we returned. 
 
 86 
 
DISTANT VOICES. 
 
 Mr. Patrick is a resident of North Carolina, has done as much, if 
 not more, than any other man in the State for its advancement, 
 and he was particularly fitted, by his large experience and varied 
 information, to prove a valuable adjunct to our party in explaining 
 the many interesting features of the country as we passed through. 
 With our own cooks and servants, splendid accommodations, a 
 larder filled with the good things that that country affords, and 
 with all the delicacies in the way of eat and drink, it seemed to us 
 that our lives had fallen in pleasant places, and we felt as if there 
 was no place so good for us as on the special train of the Seaboard 
 Air Line. 
 
 "At six o'clock on Wednesday evening we arrived at the delight- 
 ful city of Raleigh, the capital of the grand old State of North 
 Carolina. At Hamlet Junction we were met by Mr. Ashley, the 
 President of the Raleigh Chamber of Commerce, Mr. Ayer, its 
 Secretary, the Attorney General of the State, Captain Ashe of the 
 News- Observer- Chronicle^ and other distinguished gentlemen, who 
 escorted us into the city. We were taken to the Yarborough House 
 where a reception was held, and where afterward a very elaborate 
 banquet was tendered our party. The banquet was presided over 
 by Mr. Ashley, and covers were laid for about a hundred, includ- 
 ing many of the most distinguished citizens of the city. The menu 
 was an elaborate one and sustained the well-earned and well-known 
 reputation of mine host Brown, who presided so ably over the des- 
 tinies of this famous hostelry. 
 
 "The entertainment lasted until long past midnight, and was 
 full of good cheer. Next morning a drive about the city, a visit 
 to the State-house, Agricultural Department and Museum added 
 interest to the visit. A delegation of ladies and gentlemen escort- 
 ing us part of our way, we left Raleigh with a feeling that we had 
 been the recipients of an unbounded hospitality; that we had passed 
 through one of the healthiest sections of the United States, where 
 the pulmonary invalid may, without great expense for the item of 
 transportation, or great expenditure as to living, nor a great dis- 
 tance from his home, find a climate to which, if he goes early, he 
 
 87 
 
DISTANT VOICES. 
 
 may rest assured of cure, or if he goes late assurance of prolonged 
 existence with freedom from pain and suffering, Many persons 
 suflfering severely from asthma have here found wonderful relief 
 from their trouble, and returned home greatly benefited. 
 
 " As will be seen, invalids can reach it without fatiguing changes 
 or irksome delays, and while there enjoying the soft climate, they 
 feel that they are within easy reach of homes and friends. Busi- 
 ness men of slight physique, when warned by the signal service 
 reports of the approach of severe storms, can speedily take refuge 
 here, avoiding the cold wave and luxuriating in this mild climate 
 and balsamic odor of the pines. When the storm has passed a 
 single day's ride will restore them to business, refreshed by the 
 trip, and better able to meet the cares and demands of Wall street 
 or trade." 
 
 F^ochester ( N. Y.j Herald: "When a section demonstrates the 
 fact that it is independent of hard times, nothing can retard its 
 advancement. This is the South's position to-day, and the men 
 who control the world's capital, commerce and industries are study- 
 ing the situation and getting ready to make something out of it. 
 We think the Southern people have good reason to congratulate 
 themselves over the progress they have made during the past few 
 years, and over the brilliant prospects for the future." 
 
 Commissioner F^obioson, of the North Carolina Board of Agri- 
 culture, in the last bulletin of the Board, calls attention to the 
 prosperous agricultural sections of the State in these words: " The 
 condition of farmers in North Carolina at this time is one which 
 gives great assurance at this time, and should encourage our people 
 very much. In the North, and particularly Northwest, the suffer- 
 ing and destitution among the one-crop farmers is such as to cause 
 great apprehension. So great is the depression that many are 
 writing this office in search of new homes in a mild climate where 
 a variety of farm products may be grown. The financial depres- 
 sion has affected our farmers but little. They may not have much 
 cash, but they have plenty to feed man and beast, and a prospect 
 of a good crop before them. The climatic conditions have never 
 
 88 
 
DISTANT VOICES. 
 
 been better for the furtherance of all farm operations than we have 
 enjoyed in this State this year." 
 
 Messrs. Borg & Co., New York Bankers, write as follows: "We 
 are and always have been firm believers in the South and her 
 future. We believe that in the South are all the natural resources 
 that are necessary to the prosperity and well being of her citizens; 
 that her great staples are themselves sufficient to insure her pros- 
 perity, to say nothing of her vast deposits of iron and coal and the 
 timber and naval stores with which she is supplying the world. 
 Prosperity, however, does not depend on natural resources alone. 
 They must be developed and utilized before the full measure of 
 their value can be known and its influence felt. What, then, is 
 necessary ? 
 
 "The one thing that has been lacking in the South until recently 
 is capital, without which her natural resources cannot be developed, 
 but must remain in the hills or in the fields undisturbed and value- 
 less. Capital is needed to carry her natural resources to the markets 
 of the world; to make of them productive wealth; to obtain in 
 return whatever will assist in her material upbuilding; to expand 
 her commerce and promote and operate manufacturing and other 
 industries that bring wealth and power to the nation. Capital has 
 already done much in this direction. Already her textile mills are 
 assuming an importance second only to those of Massachusetts." 
 
 Hon. ClorK Bell, of New York, writing of a recent visit to 
 Raleigh, says: " The citizens of Northern States do not correctly 
 understand your section. They should visit and carefully look 
 into the capacities of your State. Nothing dispels illusions like 
 contact and personal examination. The North is full of active, 
 enersfetic, industrious men enured to labor, who do not know what 
 advantages you offer or they would flood into and buy up your 
 unoccupied lands and form a splendid factor in the New South 
 now forming. Would the Northern settlers be hospitably received ? 
 At the North this would be a controlling question. General Man- 
 ager Winder, of the Seaboard Air Line, assures me that in his 
 State the Northern settler would be most welcome. Ex-Governor 
 
DISTANT VOICES. 
 
 Jarvis, of North Carolina (now U. S. Senator), in a recent conver- 
 sation, assured me that the Southern welcome would be whole- 
 souled, full and free from the slightest danger of interference. 
 Northern settlers would, strange as it may sound to you, need to 
 be assured in these respects." 
 
 prom a Representative Trade Journal of a NeighboriQg 
 State: "The beautiful capital of our sister State of North Caro- 
 lina finds in the friendship and good will of the splendid Southern 
 Railroad system a great factor in her development. 'Tisa credit 
 for her to boast of being the home of one of its distinguished 
 officials, Col. A. B. Andrews, whose love for his State, as we 
 recently noticed in a North Carolina exchange, has caused him to 
 reject many high positions in railroad circles that would necessitate 
 his removal therefrom. This man, who has endeared himself to 
 the public by his efforts in pushing across the great Blue Ridge the 
 Western and Northwestern North Carolina Railroads, almost bisect- 
 ing the State from the seaboard to the mountains, and also in con- 
 necting the city of Raleigh by a short line to Richmond, has done 
 much, with others almost equally interested, to make that great 
 system a kindly factor to the commercial interests of the State in 
 general and the city of Raleigh in particular. This latter ' City 
 of Oaks ' holds vantage ground with regard to this system outside 
 of the friendship of the officers of the road, for it combines the 
 position of a thoroughfare for all who travel from the mountains to 
 the seas with a still greater factor, the direct route to the North via 
 Greensboro, Danville and Lynchburg, and it also reaps the benefit 
 of a close, quick and convenient connection at Greensboro for all 
 points South, West and Southwest. 
 
 "Outside of its commercial interests, which it advances, this 
 road is often called upon to perform special services to the city and 
 State. Whenever any public occasion requires the service of a 
 special train or private car, the Southern Railroad's efficient service 
 is called into requisition. The recent special train chartered over 
 this road by the United States Senate to bear the remains of Senator 
 Vance to his last resting place was a model of its kind, and called 
 
 90 
 
DISTANT VOICES. 
 
 forth favorable expressions from the press generally. The road's 
 very efficient General Agent, Mr. L. S. Brown, was sent along to 
 see that the train and its schedule was suited to the demands of 
 the occasion, and such was the accommodating spirit of the road 
 that, after the funeral train reached the State, its schedule was 
 changed no less than four times in order to give the towns along 
 its line an opportunity of demonstrating their affection for their 
 honored Senator. This incident is mentioned as an illustration of 
 the accommodations extended by this liberal and progressive line. 
 Raleigh is favored with the friendship and good will of this sys- 
 tem, manifested in the benefits of travel it extends to and from 
 that citv." 
 
 91 
 
THE COUNTRY AND PEOPLE. 
 
 now an old story tliat, in the details of the census 
 reports on the crops and products of the several States 
 of the American Union, in North Carolina only were 
 the divisional columns completely filled under their 
 headinos of the various crops produced; and that in 
 this State alone was found in practical and profitable 
 culture whatever else was cultivated in every other 
 State, whether North or South, East or West. How- 
 ever trite this story has become, it can never lose its 
 importance; it emphasizes the fact that North Carolina is that happv 
 middle ground, that fortunate zone of climatic harmonies where 
 the rigors of the Northern cold and the ardors of the Southern 
 heats so meet and blend as to compose, in their tempered extremes, 
 that ameliorated temperature in which the vegetation of all antag- 
 onizing climates may find not only life but vigor. And to these 
 happy compromises and compositions of climate are to be added 
 those equally happy conditions of soil which alike favor the gro.ss 
 luxuriant feeder of the Southern fields and the hardy and more 
 abstemious plants of the Northern farms. 
 
 The location of Raleigh is such as to secure and enjoy nearly if 
 not all these advantages, and its people, representing the State at 
 large, exhibit the characteristics that might naturally be expected 
 from the influence of the natural harmonious blendings and happy 
 climatic conditions by which they are surrounded. They are mild 
 in temperament, firm in action; conservative in government and 
 business; modest in thought and expression; amply capable of lead- 
 
 93 
 
THE COUNTRY AND PEOPLE. 
 
 ership and leading wlien necessity demands it; strong and nnre- 
 served in the support of an espoused cause or principle. 
 
 The Land and People are conspicuous as being first in all of the 
 greater incidents of American nature and history. 
 
 The first white colony planted in the New World was established 
 on North Carolina soil. 
 
 The first white child born on the American Continent was born 
 in this State. 
 
 Its people have always espoused the cause of the oppressed against 
 the oppressor, of the weak against the strong. Its people were the 
 first to elect a popular legislature in opposition to the policy of a 
 royal governor and administration. 
 
 They were the first to make a declaration of national indepen- 
 dence of the British crown. 
 
 They were the first to send representatives to the Philadelphia 
 Congress with instructions to initiate and concur in a movement 
 for separation from monarchical rule, and to assume power to make 
 foreign alliances. 
 
 Its judiciary was the first to declare that a legislative body could 
 and did transcend powers granted by the Constitution. 
 
 Its people were the first to demand, in the framing of the Con- 
 stitution, the admission of the doctrine that ^'all powers not granted 
 are reserved to the people," and to declare for an equal representa- 
 tion of two Senators from each State in the National Congress. 
 
 It was the first colony to secure and establish entire religious 
 freedom. 
 
 The people were the first to bring armed force to bear on British 
 war vessels and force them to abandon an attempted execution of 
 the stamp act. 
 
 In the struggle with the Red Men for possession of the country, 
 the greatest Indian battle (prior to the defeat of Tecumseh) ever 
 fought on the continent occurred in North Carolina. This was in 
 1712 and resulted in the death of more than five hundred Indians 
 and complete possession by the Anglo-Saxons. 
 
 94 
 
THE COUNTRY AND PEOPLE. 
 
 It was among the first, if not the first State, to initiate measures 
 providing for the care of its unfortunate insane. 
 
 It was the first State to produce gold, and its mines are now a 
 great factor in the yield of that metal. 
 
 In the great and sad struggle between the States it stood for 
 Union to the last, and was the /as^ to pass an ordinance of seces- 
 sion; but having done that it was first in supporting the cause, for 
 one of its sons was the first sacrifice in that unfortunate and fratri- 
 cidal war. Out of a voting population of 115,000 it sent 125,000 
 men to the front. Having taken a stand, it was sustained by 
 North Carolina people almost from the cradle to the grave. Its 
 troops went further into the resistless lines of the brave men opposed 
 to them at Gettysburg than the troops of any other Southern State, 
 and in that awful maelstrom of destruction they left more devoted 
 sons on the field of death than three other States combined. The 
 last great battle of the war ivas fought near Raleigh. North Caro- 
 lina troops made the last charge at Appomattox, and when their 
 standards were lowered and their hopes crushed, they laid down 
 their arms and surrendered like men. 
 
 It is first, as has been shown, in production of articles for human 
 comfort and commerce, both as to variety and excellence. 
 
 Its colored people were the first to organize industrial associa- 
 tions, hold annual meetings and make exhibits of their produce 
 and handiwork. 
 
 It enjoys more largely than any other State man's heritage from 
 the sea, for its fisheries are the most extensive and the most com- 
 plete in the world, capturing all the wealth of the waters from the 
 shrimp to the whale. 
 
 The first American drama, "The Prince of Parthia," was writ- 
 ten by a North Carolinian at Wilmington. 
 
 It was the first Southern State to establish an Agricultural 
 Experiment Station, and this station was the second one in America. 
 
 These are a few of the many facts which may be cited as illus- 
 trating the chief characteristics of State and inhabitants — a homo- 
 geneous quiet-loving people; alert and firm when encroachments 
 
 95 
 
THE COUNTRY AND PEOPLE. 
 
 are made on their liberties; conservative but actively progressive 
 where their progress is concerned. They neither make nor seek a 
 trumpet blare of their historic work or deeds of valor. Far less 
 glorious deeds by others have been heralded the world over, but 
 with this people the performance of duty is their reward. Their 
 natures are generous; their hospitality is limited only by their 
 resources; their hearts are as mild and sunny as the clime in which 
 they live. The\- show the hi^^hest deference and exercise the 
 greatest consideration to the passing or visiting stranger. The 
 new comer is welcome and, if he deserve it, he enjovs the highest 
 social courtesies without reserve. 
 
 To such a country and to such a people the attention of the 
 industrious, intelligent and law-abiding homeseeker is directed. 
 The idler and agitator will find nothing congenial; but the good 
 citizen and worker will receive a greeting and a welcome that will 
 cheer and inspire him, no matter whence he comes. He will 
 delight in the kindly and friendly social character of the people, 
 and will quickh- know no other place as " home." 
 
 Abundant and varied supplies of raw material await the coming 
 of the manufacturer. Broad, unoccupied acres, which will richly 
 appreciate and profusely repay well directed attention, invite the 
 sojourn of the diligent husbandman; and when the busy bee-like 
 hum of machinery heralds the coming of prosperity and comfort to 
 the factory worker; when mother earth shall smilingly and richly 
 reward the careful attention given her by the tiller of the soil, both 
 manufacturer and husbandman shall feel and know the meaning 
 of the sentiment in those lines of Judge Gaston which are so con- 
 tinualh- hummed and echoed by the people whose lots have been 
 cast, and who have cast their lots in this favored citv and section. 
 And they too will gladly join in singing the song of 
 
 96 
 
THE COUNTRY AND PEOPLE. 
 
 THE OLD NORTH STATE. 
 
 Carolina! Carolina! Heaven's blessings attend her! 
 While we live we will cherish, protect and defend her; 
 Though the scorner may sneer at and witlings defame her, 
 Our hearts swell with gladness whenever we name her. 
 
 Hurrah! Hurrah! the Old North State forever! 
 Hurrah! Hurrah! the good Old North State! 
 
 Though she envies not others their merited glory. 
 Say, whose name stands foremost in Liberty's story! 
 Though too true to herself e'er to crouch to oppression. 
 Who can yield to just rule more loyal submission? 
 
 Hurrah, etc. 
 
 Plain and artless her sons, but whose doors open faster 
 At the knock of a stranger, or the tale of disaster? 
 How like to the rudeness of their dear native mountains. 
 With rich ore in their bosoms and life in their fountains. 
 
 Hurrah, etc. 
 
 And her daughters, the Oueen of the Forest resembling. 
 So graceful, so constant, yet to gentlest breath trembling, 
 And true lightwood at heart, let the match be applied them, 
 How they kindle and flame! Oh! none know but who've tried them. 
 
 Hurrah, etc. 
 
 Then let all who love us, love the land that we live in, 
 (As happy a region as on this side of Heaven), 
 Where Plenty and Freedom, Love and Peace smile before us, 
 Raise aloud, raise together, the heart-thrilling chorus! 
 
 Hurrah! Hurraii! the Old North State forever! 
 Hurrah! Hurrah! the good Old North State. 
 
 97 
 
J. j^i^.^ii'-'s aajKioo=L 
 
 aLEl!©||„ ^\., Q, 
 
 99 
 
DELSARTE WORK— DEATH OF VIRGINIA— PEACE INSTITUTE. 
 
 ■. '"' » .- -..■•> --i.i'-ii«fct^-:i'^itLi^ii^.. ■' . -.i-'.^^crth- 
 
 PHYSICAL CULTURE— PEACE INSTITUTE. 
 
PEACE INSTITUTE 
 
 Is located in a large grove of native oaks, just outside the corporate 
 limits of Raleigh. 
 
 The grounds contain eight acres. The natural drainage and the 
 sewerage are both excellent. The drinking water used is free- 
 stone, has been tested every year, and in the analysis shows no 
 impurities. There is also an abundant supply of cistern water, and 
 the city water is conveyed by pipes through the buildings. 
 
 The buildings, which are constructed of brick, are large and 
 massive, with walls twenty-two inches thick. They contain par- 
 lors, dining-room, music-rooms, recitation-rooms, a very large stu- 
 dio, and fifty-seven (57) chambers, all under one roof. 
 
 The new buildings contains a large auditorium for concert and 
 commencement exercises, which can seat eight hundred, a large 
 and well-lighted hall for physical culture, chemical and physical 
 laboratories, large recitation-rooms, the office of the Principal, etc. 
 
 Th)e Courses of Instruction Include 
 
 (i) Primary Course; (2) Preparatory and Subcollegiate Course; 
 (3) Collegiate Course; (4) Optional Course; (5) Commercial Course; 
 (6) Ornamental Course. 
 
 PEACE CONSERVflTORY OF MUSIC. 
 
 Instruction is given in Piano, Organ, Cultivation and Develop- 
 ment of Voice, Violin, Cello, Guitar, Theory of Music, Harmony, 
 Counterpoint, Canon and Fugue. The equipment of this depart- 
 ment consists of two grand, two square and seventeen (17) upright 
 pianos, and one large pedal organ of twenty-three stops. The 
 twenty-one pianos were made to our order. These are all new, and 
 have the soft stop and three pedals. We claim that Peace Institute 
 is equal, if not superior, to any institution in the South in the 
 advantages offered for musical instruction, and in the quality of the 
 instruments used for practice by its pupils. 
 
 James Dinwiddie, M. A., 
 
 (University of Virginia.) PRINCIPAL. 
 
fHE PAF^K. is tlie newest and most modern hotel in tlie City of Raleigh. 
 It faces Nash Square Park, which lies directly between the hotel and the 
 new Union Passenger Station, and is only two blocks from the main busi- 
 ness thoroughfare. The Park was built to supply the wants and demands of the 
 increasing number of people who are finding Raleigh a desirable and delightful 
 stopping place during the winter season, and who can and do give evidence of 
 the great beneficent results that accompany and follow a sojourn of a few weeks 
 here. A study of the chapter on Climate, beginning on page 19 of this volume, 
 will clearly show the many advantages which inhere in this locality for the tourist 
 and health-seeker, and both will find at The Park all the appointments and con- 
 veniences that can be demanded. These, with a climate like that of far-famed 
 Naples, "Old Madrid," and wonderful Venice, give to the traveller, the tourist, 
 the seeker after health or pleasure, all that may be asked for. 
 
 ABRAM L. MACE, Proprietor. 
 102 
 
The 
 
 WE MEET ALL TRAINS 
 DAY OR NIGHT 
 
 City Livery Stables 
 
 Nos. 131 and 133 Morgan Street, 
 
 RALEIGH, N. C. 
 
 \s/e can serve 
 you with 
 
 Comfortable Carnages and Buggies, Gentle 
 Horses, and Careful Drivers 
 
 TELEPHONE 79 
 
 YANCEY & MARTIN. 
 
 . . North Carolina home 
 
 • • 
 
 Of Raleigh, N. C. • • 
 
 Insurance company, 
 
 THIS COMPANY HAS BEEN IN SUCCESSFUL OPERATION FOR 
 TWENTY-FOUR YEARS. 
 
 W. S. Primrosk, President. 
 W. G. Upchl'RCH, Vice-Pres. 
 
 Chas. Root, Sec. and Treas. 
 P. CowPER, Adjuster. 
 
 103 
 
i^V*) 
 
 UNIVERSITY FROM ATHLETIC GROUNDS. 
 
 :^!yvik::smmim 
 
 UNIVERSITY— LOOKING EAST ON CAMERON AVENUE. 
 
Cl,e XJ 
 
 • • 9 
 
 nircrstty of 
 
 Zvortl? vLrarolina 
 • 
 
 The University is one of the Oldest 
 Educational Institutions in the South, and 
 one of the Best Equipped. The Faculty 
 consists of Twenty-eight Professors and 
 Assistants, who have been trained at the 
 Leading Universities in this country and 
 abroad. It is located at Chapel Hill, a vil- 
 lage remarkable for healthfulness, for beau- 
 tiful scenery, for refined and inexpensive 
 life. Among nearly four hundred students 
 there was not a serious case of illness last 
 
 year 
 The 
 
 ^^^ (Charge for 
 
 uition 
 
 IS SIXTY DOLLARS... 
 A YEAR. 
 
 © 
 
 A Liberal Estimate for all expenses is Three Hundred Dollars. It is believed 
 that no Institution in the United States offers equal advantages at so small a cost. 
 
 The University comprises the following departments: The College, the Uni- 
 versity, the Law School, the Medical School, the Summer School for Teachers. 
 The Library contains Forty Thousand Volumes. There are Five Scientific Lab- 
 oratories. The Discipline is manly and self-reliant. There is no system of espi- 
 onage or of demerits. There are two well-equipped Literary Societies, and four 
 Societies for Sptcial Culture and Research 
 
 The Univer.sity aims to make self-reliant men. It has educated a President, 
 a Vice-President, twelve Cabinet Officers, and scores of men eminent in all pro- 
 fessions and occupations. Full information may l>e had of 
 
 President Winston, 
 
 CHAPEL HILL. 
 105 
 
l .«.tUUJ g JIH» ' aUK ' J ggB 
 
 CJ 
 
 
 
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 :s 
 
 
 
 ^-«- JsBMI 
 
 o 
 
 
 l^:U 
 
 WO«f^. 
 
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 1 
 
 M 
 
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 ^ 
 
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 IH9E9B?v^^ 
 
 < 
 
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 yLpkc^'j'' 
 
 
 ■^ 
 
 S^' V. ; 
 
 2: 
 
 
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 3 
 
 
 ^'1: 
 
Sbair Hnipcrsity. 
 
 This is the largest Institution in the State for the education of Colored young 
 men and women. It is under the auspices of the Baptist denomination, and yet 
 is not sectarian, for students of all denominations are enrolled in the various 
 departments. It is the highest grade Institution for the education of Colored 
 people found in the South. Schools of Theology, Medicine, Law and Pharmacy 
 are popular and integral parts of the University, as well as Music, Normal, Colle- 
 giate, Scientific, Industrial and Missionary Training Departments. The build- 
 ings are large and spacious, commanding in appearance, and occupy a campus of 
 fourteen acres, all situated within a few minutes walk of the Capitol, Post-office, 
 Court-house and Union Station. Located as it is in the Capital of the "Grand Old 
 North State," it presents unusual advantages to the student, because of access to 
 the State Library, United States Court, etc., as well as from the remarkable health- 
 fulness of the locality'. 
 
 The Institution is supported largely by philanthropic and benevolent friends 
 in the North, and is more immediately under the patronage of the American Bap- 
 tist Home Mission Society of New York. The cost of tuition and board is brought 
 so low, and the character of the Institution so high and practical, that thousands 
 of students have availed themselves of its advantages, until Shaw University has 
 come to be considered in North Carolina and many other States synonymous with 
 Christian character, good citizenship and sound learning. Its graduates are found 
 in all of the Southern and many of the Northern States, as well as foreign coun- 
 tries. It IS not only highly prized by the colored people of the State, but is recog- 
 nized by the leading State Officials and the prominent whites of the State gener- 
 ally as worthy of their approval and confidence. 
 
 Shaw University was originally Shaw Institute. Established December ist, 
 1865, by the late Rev. H. M. Tupper, D. D., a native of Monson, Mass. Dr. 
 Tupper was in the Union army during the late Civil War, and near the close of 
 the War saw the pitiable condition of the colored people just emerging from slav- 
 ery, with the ballot in their hands. He recognized that intelligence was the 
 foundation of true citizenship, and that therefore the colored people must be edu- 
 cated. He interested people in the North in his enterprise, prominent among 
 whom was Hon. Elijah Shaw, a woolen manufacturer, of Wales, Mass., and from 
 whom the University takes its name. Dr. Tupper literally gave his life for the 
 Institution, which is his fitting monument. He now sleeps peacefully in the beau- 
 tiful campus and his memory is universally cherished. 
 
 Hon. Chas. I'. Meserve, A. M., a graduate of Colby University, and for the 
 past five years Superintendent and Special Disbursing Agent of Haskell Institute, 
 the largest United States Indian School of the West, located at Lawrence, Kan., 
 has been selected as Dr. Tupper's successor. His wide and successful educational 
 and business experience is a guaranty that the interests of Shaw University will 
 be carefully guarded, and that substantial progress will continue to be made. 
 
 107 
 

 .. 
 
 i j n 
 
 /4' 
 
5t Augustine'5 School, 
 
 RALEIQIi, N. C. 
 
 A Normal School ^'^^ 
 
 Collegiate Institute 
 
 For tbe TraiQiQg of Colored YouQg Men ar)d Womer). 
 
 Rev. e B. HUNTER. Principal 
 
 Under the Care of the Protestaot Episcopal Church* 
 
 
 St. Augustine's School is another link in the chain of schools which encircles 
 Raleigh. Named for Augustine, the Bishop of Hippo, in Northern Africa, its 
 •work is in training teachers for the African race. It is a little over a mile north- 
 east from the Capitol. Its main building crowns a hill, and there is excellent 
 drainage in all directions. There are forty-four acres of land in farm and garden, 
 largely worked by the young men of the School for its support and theirs. A 
 beautiful grove is part of the property, with springs of delightful water, whick 
 furnish the School with its supply. The School is under the care of the Episco- 
 pal Church and has trained a number of colored clergy. Its work is mainly the 
 training of teachers, and it is giving industrial training as fast as its means allow. 
 A visit to its cooking-school is at all times interesting. Each girl has her own 
 utensils. The white caps and sleeves give a finish to a very practical art. The 
 recitations are carried on in the morning, and the industrial work in the after- 
 noon. Both will interest visitors to the city. The Principal is the Rev. A. B. 
 Hunter, and some wealthy friends interested in colored education could properly 
 place large amounts in his hands to enable him to carry on the useful work that 
 is being done here. 
 
 NurT)ber of StudeQts, 170. pive Buildings, forty Acres. 
 
 : : : Number of Teachers, II. : : : 
 
 Situated Oqc Mile East prom the State Capitol. 
 
 Terms, $j per Monlh for Board and Tuition. 
 
 Visitors will be welcomed at all times to witness the Recitations in the morn- 
 ing, or the Industrial Work in the afternoon. 
 
 109 
 
R. Eames, Jr., M. E., President. Geo. Allen, Sec. V. H. Boyden, Vice-President 
 
 Salisbury, N. C. and Treasurer. and Attorney. 
 
 THE flIiUEN & BOYDEN CO|VIPflriY, 
 
 ^ REAL ESTATE AGENCY ^ 
 
 (INCORPORATED.) 
 
 City References by Permission: ^ Realty Bought and Sold Strictly on Commission. 
 
 His Excellency, Governor ELIAS CARR. ^Especial Attention given Intending Settlers and 
 Hon. JOHN ROBINSON, Investors. 
 
 Com. of Agriculture and Immigration. 1^ ffehable Information in Regard to Timber, Mining 
 Prof. J. A. HOLMES, State Geologist. ^ ^nd Farm Lands, Water Powers and Manufac- 
 Col.A.B.ANDRElVS ^ ^, ^ ^ ^ turinq Sites in North Carolina. 
 
 of the R. & D. R. R. Co. ^ ^ 
 
 COMMERCIAL AND FARMERS 1^0 Attention paid to ••Booms. ' ' Only Legitimate 
 
 BANK, Raleigh. * Business Sought. 
 
 RALEIGH, N. C. 
 
 The Allen & Boj'den Company was organized and chartered under the laws 
 of North Carolina for the purpose of promoting sales of Real Estate, Timber and 
 Mining Property, Water Powers, Mineral Springs, Hotels, Residences, etc., and 
 for giving full and rehable information to persons desiring to settle in the State. 
 
 A registry h.as been opened at the office of the Company, 107 Fayetteville St., 
 Raleigh, for the purpose of recording property, with full description and price, 
 that may be for sale in any part of the State. Owners of such property, or per- 
 sons desiring to purchase, are invited to correspond with the Company. No 
 charge is made for registering property or for giving information. If sales are 
 made a reasonable commission will be charged. 
 
 If vou wish to .Settle, Buy or Sell, write to 
 
 THE ALLEN & BOYDEN COMPANY, Raleigh, N. C. 
 
 John C. Drewry, President. J. S. Wynne, Vice-President. J. N. Holding, Attorney. 
 
 B. S. Jerman, Treasurer. C. G. Latta. W. S. Primrose. 
 
 MECHANICS INVESTORS' UNION, 
 
 Rnlcighj North Carolina, 
 
 A Savings and Loan Company for North Carolina investors and borrowers, 
 organized in Raleigh, and chartered under the Building and Loan Laws of North 
 Carolina. A Company whose income or deposits are all loaned upon city and 
 town real estate in North Carolina on eight years time, with easy monthly pay- 
 ments. 
 
 A payment of 65 cents per month will mature |ioo in about eight years time. 
 A payment of I6.50 per month will mature ten shares, and will return ;f 1,000 in 
 cash. If a member, whether an investing or a borrowing member, should die 
 during the time, and before the maturity of the stock, the payments will be made 
 until maturity from the Guarantee Fund, without further cost to his estate. 
 
 For information regarding investment stock or loans, address 
 
 GEOKGE ALLEN. Secretary, 
 107 Fayetteville St., RALEIGH. N. C. 
 
The 
 
 • a • • 
 
 North Carolina Car Company, 
 
 «f Raleigh, N. C, 
 
 Makers of 
 
 LOBDELL CAR WHEELS. 
 
 Dealers in 
 
 Rough and Dressed 
 
 .'...LUMBER,..: 
 
 Will Supply 
 
 Wheels, Axles and Castings of 
 
 Every Description for 
 
 Roilroad, Tram and Street Cars. 
 
 We Build 
 
 Gondolas, Box, plat and 
 StocK Cars, Coal ^,, : 
 Hoppers and Lumber TrucKs. 
 
 (QQ) 
 
 Also Manufacturers of 
 
 SASH, DOORS and BLINDS, 
 
 Mouldings and Inside Finish. 
 
 113 
 
AT 
 
 We sell Dry Goods, 
 
 Shoes, 
 Notions and 
 
 Dress Goods "^""""'r.""'''"'- 
 
 WHEN YOU ARE IN RALEIGH IT WILL PAY YOU TO 
 SEE OUR STORE. 
 
 Woollcott & Son, 
 
 14 E. MARTIN STREET. 
 
 WE ARE MANUFACTURERS OF 
 
 MEN'S 
 
 PANTS 
 
 l^rices from . . . "'iliC^SfcCr 
 
 ^^^$6 to §36^^^ 
 
 -^^^- • • • Per Dozen. 
 
 We Pay Particular Attention to Pocket Linings and But- 
 tons, and All are Made in the Latest Shape. 
 
 (^"CorrL-spoiidence .SoliciteiL Custom jjauts to order from $2 to S5-'^i-Si 
 
 WOOUliCOTT & SON, 
 
 14 E. MARTIN ST., RALEIGH, N. C. 
 
 114 
 
Ct?e 
 
 ZCational s^anh of <\aUiq>l}. 
 
 CAPITAL, $225,000. 
 
 K. G. Readk, 
 Julius Lewis, 
 Chas. E. Johnson, 
 
 SURPLUS AND PROFITS, $70,000. 
 
 DIRECTORS. 
 
 James A. Briggs, 
 Ch.\s. H. Belvin. 
 F. O. MORING, 
 
 Chas. M. Busbee, 
 W. G. Upchurch. 
 J. B. Batch ELOR. 
 
 OFFICERS. 
 
 E. G. Readk. President. W. G. I'pchurch. Vice President. 
 Chas. H. Belvin, Cashier. Fau. H. Briggs, Teller. 
 
 F. L. Mahler, Bookkeeper. W. T. Womble. Bookkeeper. 
 J. B. Timbeklakk, Bookkeeper. J. W. Harden. Clerk. 
 
 I). D. Upchukch. Clerk. 
 
 CAPITAL. $15,000. 
 
 
 SURPLUS, $10,000. 
 
 Raleigh, N. C. 
 
 The 
 
 COMMERCIAL AND FARMERS BANK 
 
 RALEIGH, N, C. 
 
 J. J. Thomas, President. 
 B. S. Jerman, Cashier. 
 
 Alf. a. Thompson, Vice-President. 
 H. W. Jackson, Assistant Cashier. 
 
 Capital Stock Paid In $100,000 00 
 
 Undivided Profits June 30, 1S94 16,08962 
 
 Our Fire-Proof Vault is fitted up with Burglar- Proof Safe, with Time Locks and with Safe-Deposit 
 Boxes for the safe-keeping of your Wills, Deeds, Bonds, Mortgages, Insurance Policies, Important 
 Letters and Valuable Papers of all kinds. Diamonds, Jewelry and Silverware. We will be pleased 
 to correspond with those who may contemplate making changes or opening new accounts. We 
 have a room set apart for Customers and Friends, which, we tru.st. they will make free use of 
 when in the city. The book entitled ' The Bank Customer " .sent free upon application. 
 
 115 
 
CITIZENS NATIONAL BANK BUILDING. 
 
 CITIZENSjNATIONAL BANK— INTERIOR. 
 
Citizens * National * Bank, 
 
 RALEIGH, N. C. 
 
 Corner Fayetteville St, and Park Ave, 
 
 Capital, fioo.ooo 
 
 Surplus and Undivided Profits, . . 35,000 
 Individual Deposits, 450,000 
 
 W. J. Hawkins, President. A. B. Andrews, Vice-President. 
 
 Jos. G. Brown, Cashier. 
 
 No interest paid on deposits, but every facility offered depositors which their 
 balances, business and responsibility warrant. Careful attention given to all 
 matters intrusted to us. Special arrangements for the comfort and convenience 
 of out-of-town friends when visiting this city. 
 
 CORRESPONDENCE INVITED. 
 
 Importer of Fine Woolens. ^ 
 
 G. N. Walters, 
 IMPORTING MERCHANT TAILOR 
 
 234 FAYETTEVILLE ST., 
 
 Raleigh, N. C. 
 
 Try WALTERS' New Method of Garment Cutting. 
 
 THE MASSACHUSETTS MUTUAL . . . 
 
 . . . LIFE INSURANCE COMPANY. 
 
 SPRINGFIELD, MA.SS. 
 
 M. V. B. Edgerly, President. Henry S. Lee, Vice-President. John A. Hall, Secretary. 
 
 Oscar B. Ireland, Actuary. E. D. Capron, Asst. Secretary. 
 
 Assets, Jan. i, ifi94, $14,480,480.80 Liabilities, $13,460,163.84. Surplus, $1,020,316.96. 
 
 R. W. Rogers, gen. agt., - - - raleich, n. c. 
 
 AMZI DODD, PRESIDENT. OF NEWARK, N. J. 
 
 JOHN C. DREWRY, Raleigf), N. C, 
 Stat« Agent for Nortf) and Soutf) Carolina. 
 Organized 1845. Assets over 153,000,000. 
 
 117 
 
^ HK YARBOROUGH HOUSE, Raleigh, N. C. A commodious and 
 substantial brick structure, supplied with every requisite 
 improvement and affording accommodations for four hundred 
 guests. In addition to its regular patronage, entertains a 
 number of Northern tourists every winter, providing for their 
 especial use accommodations for one hundred guests. Rooms 
 with Southern exposure, single and en suite; open fireplaces 
 and elegantly furnished for comfort and convenience. Rooms 
 reserved upon ajDplication. 
 
 The Yarborough is centrally located, three blocks from the Union Passenger 
 Station, opposite the County Courthouse, and Federal Building and Postoffice. 
 Street cars pass the door for all State and public buildings, colleges, and points 
 of interest. Several livery stables provide stylish turnouts at reasonable prices. 
 
 The rates of board are from |;2.oo to fe.oo per day ; ^10.50 to|li7.50 per week ; 
 f4o.oo to |6o.oo per month, according to location. Cuisine and Service First-Class. 
 
 L. T. BROWN, Proprietor. 
 
>.%i^ ' ^^sus^* 
 
 i'^\.4-'" ~~-- 
 
 W. H. & R. S. TUCKER &, CO. — FRONT VIEW. 
 
"TUCKER'S." 
 
 This is a familiar name to North Car- 
 olinians — familiar, because it 's synon- 
 ymous of the biggest and best of its 
 kind — Dry Goods, and things pertain- 
 ing to dry goods 
 
 And too, we are old; began in 1818, 
 been trrovviuCT ever since — but our 
 methods are new — we are progressive. 
 We have advertised — and advertised 
 liberally, always having what we did 
 advertise — here 's another secret of our 
 
 growth 
 
 If you are a stranger to our Store, we 
 would like for you to see it when you 
 visit Raleigh — you '11 be repaid. 
 Now about writing for goods — mail 
 orders, we sell more this way than 
 many of the others put together. You 
 might try us — a mail order, if you 
 
 can 't come to Raleigh 
 
 Our full firm name and address is just 
 below 
 
 W. H. &H.S. Tucker & Co., 
 
 RALEIGH, N. C. 
 
TME 5TRONACM 
 
 Buggy and 
 
 Harness 
 
 Repository 
 
 I have just completed the largest and best 
 arranged Repository and Sale Stables in the 
 South, where I will carry on the Buggy, Har- 
 ness and Horse Business. I am located in the 
 business centre of the city. Parties having 
 stock for sale will find it to their interest to 
 correspond with me. I defy competition in 
 vehicles and harness. Write for prices, etc. 
 
 Horse ^^ifr^'^^' FRANK STRONACH, 
 
 Wilmington Auctioneer and 
 
 Street. 
 
 Commission Merchant. 
 
 And- 
 
 Mart, 
 
 TH08. H. BR1GG8 S SONS, ^ ^ 
 ■^^LE'GH.^j^c Hardware, 
 
 STOVES, HOUSE FURNISHING GOODS, 
 SASH, DOORS AND BLINDS, PAINTS, OILS AND GLASS, 
 
 QUNS AND PI5TOL5 
 
 LIME, PLASTER, CEMENT, Best Goods! 
 
 SMELLS, WADS, # Low Prices! 
 
 GUN IMPLEMENTS. . . . Square Dealing! 
 
 WRITE FOR PRICES OF ANY GOODS WANTED. 
 
 N;7tircaroiina CollegG of AgrJculture 
 
 -Mechanic Arts 
 
 Offers 
 
 Three Technical Courses: 
 
 THE COURSE J IV AGRICULTURE. 
 
 THE COURSE IN SCIENCE, 
 
 THE COURSE IN MECHANICAL AND CIVIL ENGINEERING, 
 
 AND WITH ALL A GOOD ACADEMIC EDUCATION. 
 
 Each course is broad and tliorough, and the Institution is now equipped for excellent work. 
 Expenses very moderate. Session opens September 6th. 
 
 For Catalogues, address 
 
 ALEXANDER Q. HOLLADAY, President, 
 
 KALEIGH. N. C. 
 
 125 
 
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OAI^ iPITV ^°'''^ '" f'''st-class 
 
 Style 
 
 STEAM LAUNDRY. ™-^°"-°'""" 
 
 216 Fayetteville St. 
 
 L. R. WYAXX, 
 
 Choice Clover and Qrass 5eeds, 
 
 Sf'ecial Hokse and Cow Feed, 
 
 Cotton, Wheat anicl Tobacco Fertilizers, Bone iVTeal. 
 
 LATEST IMPROVED FARM IMPLEMENTS AND MACHINERY. 
 216 Fayetteville Street, RALEIGH, N. C. 
 
 N. W. West. C. B. Hart. F. T. Ward. 
 
 ESTABLISHED 1865. 
 
 JULIUS LEWIS HRRDWRRE GOMPRNY, 
 
 224 Fayetteville St., RALEIGH. N. C. 
 
 Sash, Doors, Blinds, Rubber and Leather Belting, "All 
 
 Right " Cook Stoves, Ranges and Heating Stoves, 
 
 Paints and Oils, Guns and Pistols, Iron, 
 
 Nails, Steel, Lime, Plaster, Cement. 
 
 HARDWARE OF EVERY DESCRIPTION. 
 
 FOR 
 
 ICE GRAIN,... 
 
 f^ £^ l\ I (Domestic . . ll 71 Y 9 • • • • 
 
 1>UAL s.ea„, MILLFEED, 
 
 AND 
 
 BUILDING MATERIAL 
 
 BY THE CARLOAD, TO ANY DEPOT, WRITE TO 
 
 JONES &> F^OWKLL, 
 
 =Phones4i, 7r, 120. RALEIGH, N. C. 
 
 127 
 
n. icinQ 
 
 
 /TV 
 
 O O 
 
 cl: 
 
 O O 
 
 Nd^ 
 
 _1/^LE1QB1. K C 
 
 J. HALBOBBTT,^ 
 
 U^ F. SMITH &: CO., 
 
 Wholesale and 
 
 """"Druggist 
 
 TobclCCO <ind 
 
 Corner And 
 
 Fayetteville 
 
 Streets. ^^ 
 
 . . . Clears 
 
 RALEIGH, N. C. 
 
 lUtlcifyh. S, C. 
 
 
 • • 9 
 
 SHELL NG X HIGKS, 
 
 1^ T. \VA TTS, . . . 
 
 JRUGGI8T8, 
 
 DRUGGIST, 
 
 
 Riilclffli, X. C. 
 
 Raleigh, N. C. 
 
 • e 9 
 
 JOB P. WYATT. 
 
 E. S. WYATT. 
 
 Job P. Wjatt k Bros. 
 
 (Successors to Wyatt & Taylor,) 
 
 P. T. WYATT. 
 
 15 East Martin Street, 
 ■ 16 Exchange Place, 
 
 Raleigh. N. C. 
 
 DEALERS IN 
 
 HEAVY GROCERIES, 
 
 ^ . .^ ^ Hay, Bran, Ship-stuffs and 
 
 Consignments ot Cotton and «-« • r-r i- «i i • « 
 
 General Produce Solicited. F eed-StUttS Ot all KindS. 
 
 128 
 
ESTABLISHED 1875. 
 
 E. F. WYA TT & SON, 
 
 MANUFACTURERS AND DEALERS IN 
 
 Harness and Saddlery 
 
 OF EVERY DESCRIPTION. 
 
 Collars manufactured for wholesale and retail 
 
 trade from leather specially prepared 
 
 at our own tanneries. 
 
 l<^i> E. Mnrltn Street, 
 
 RALEIGH, N, C, 
 
 Shops on Weit ^treet, Mo. 101. ANDREW J. JONES, Business Manager. 
 Telephone No. 135. ^^^- ^- flOYSTER, Architect and Supt. of Buildings. 
 
 B. F. PARK, in Charge of Yards and Shops. 
 
 ROYSTER, PARK k C0„^ 
 
 (Successors to ELLINGTON, ROYSTEE & CO.,) 
 
 MANUFACTURERS OF 
 
 ^^!fc._^Sash, Doors, Scroll Work, 
 WILL CONTRACT Bliiids, Balustcrs, 
 
 For work anywhere 
 
 in the State. 
 
 Stair Rails, Etc. 
 
 JOHN R. FERRALL. 
 
 J. 
 
 ■1 
 
 Wholesale and 
 Retail 
 
 JOSHUA B. HILL. 
 
 222 Fayetteville St., 
 
 Raleigh, 
 
 North Carolina. 
 
 GROCERS 
 
 Corn, Oats, Hay, 
 Bran, Etc. 
 
 And- 
 
 Provision Dealers. 
 
 129 
 
WHEN YOU 
 
 VISIT 
 
 RALEIGH ' 
 
 5herwood'5 
 
 205 Fayetteville Street, 
 RALEIGH, N. C. . . . 
 
 Dry Goods, Notions, Shoes, Hats, Trunks, 
 
 LADIES' AND GENTS' FURNISHINGS. 
 
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 K , 
 
 USH, 
 
 ERSEVERANCE, 
 ROMPTNESS, 
 OLITENESS, 
 
 . . . Make the 
 
 NEW LINES! 
 
 MODERN EQUIPMENTS 
 
 COPPER WIRES! 
 
 05tal Telegraph 
 opular. 
 
 The Greatest Competitive System of Telegraphs ever 
 maintained, reaching all important commercial points 
 in the U. S. and all points in the Old World, via Com- 
 mercial Cables. Send your Telegrams by The Postal. 
 
 P. H. HUGHES, 
 
 Manager. 
 
CROWDER & RAND, 
 
 H0LE8ALE 
 
 • • 
 
 • • • 
 
 Qrogers 
 
 RALEIGH, N. C. 
 
 A. G. BAUER, 
 
 mmthmmmwrn 
 
 Raleigh, n. C. 
 
 BERWANQER BROS., 
 
 LEADING CLOTMIERS, . . . RALEIGH, N- C. 
 
 STOINEBANKS' 
 
 EUROPEAN 
 HOTEL, 
 
 31 1 and 313'^ Fayetteville Street, 
 RALEIGH, N. C. 
 
 C. h. 5TONEBANK5, 
 Proprietor. 
 
 PHILLIP TAYLOR. 
 
 VAN B. MOORE. 
 
 TAYLOR & MOORE, 
 
 MANUFACTURERS OF 
 
 Fine Grades 
 
 Chewing 
 Tobacco. 
 
 RALEIGH, IN. C. 
 
 OFFICIAL RECORD 
 
 OF 
 
 Jos. E, Pogae's Brands of 
 Plug Tobacco 
 
 Over all competitors at the N. C. State Fair — 
 open to the world. 
 
 Gold Medal and Diploma, 1876. 
 
 Gold and Silver Medals, 1877. 
 Gold Medal and Diploma, 1879. 
 Gold and Silver MedaLs, 1S80. 
 Silver Medal and Diploma, 1881. 
 Diploma, 1882. 
 
 Gold Medal and Diploma, 1S87. 
 Gold Medal and Diploma, 1SS9. 
 Gold Medal, 1890. 
 
 Gold Medal and Diploma, 1891. 
 
 MERIT 
 WILL WIN 
 
 IN 
 THE END. 
 
 TO BE CONTINUED AT THE NEXT FAIR, 
 
 131 
 
Mills Manufacturing Company, 
 
 MAKERS OF 
 
 HIGH-CLASS FARM WAGONS AND CARTS, 
 RALEIGH, N. C. 
 
 H. MAHLER,!: 
 
 eading Jeweler, 
 
 Raleigh, N. C. 
 
 [FOOIKlSo ^T LOWEST WKKl 
 
 132 
 
" MAR 2a 
 
 -£2^ssio/ L| 
 
 €eo. Allen, Secretaiy, 
 Q p Raleigh, JV. C. 
 
 AND RESOURCES 
 
 W 
 
 ,*:V.cJ 
 
 ??m' 
 
Card Parties, 
 
 Progressive Euchre, etc. 
 
 In preparing for a card party it is often difficult to obtain elegant 
 Playing Cards, of equal quality but different in design and rich 
 coloring, for each table. 
 
 The ''Congress Playing Card Sets" 
 
 Made this season embrace elegant ♦♦Congress," ♦♦Lenox" and 
 ♦♦El Dorado" patterns, gold backs and gold edges, in greatest variety, 
 making an assortment large enough for any lady giving a series 
 of parties to select different patterns for each table and for each 
 entertainment. Send for samples. 
 
 Duplicate Whist, 
 
 ^'National" Method (Revised). 
 
 The "National" Method, as now revised, is so simple, so accurate, 
 and so thorough in principle, that it readily commends itself to 
 players. Besides, it costs less with Playing Cards, all ready for 
 play, than other methods without cards. No Boards required. 
 
 Index Cards take their place — they explain themselves. 
 
 Each set contains, in addition to the Playing Cards, the original 
 and duplicate index cards with each pack, ready for play, 13 
 game counters, full supply score cards, box rubber bands, and an 
 illustrated Book of Rules — all put up in a neat, durable box. 
 
 Write for illustrated Book of Instructions and prices. 
 
 PlayinR Card Manufactories: THC Ufllted StatCS PHnting COlTIpany, 
 
 Russell & Morgan Factories. 
 National Factory. Cincinnati, U. S. A. 
 
WHOLESALE PRICE LIST OK 
 
 "U. S." and "National" Playing Cards. 
 
 PER PEH 
 DOZ. GROSS. 
 ,.f0.50 |6.00 
 
 999. •STEAMHOAT. best quality 
 
 Rounded corners and indexed. 
 
 999x. EX. STEAMBOAT, gold edges 1.00 12.00 
 
 101. *TIGERS, extra quality fi2'^ 7.50 
 
 Seven attractive plaid, star and calico backs. 
 lOlx. EX. TIGERS, gold edges 1.12'^ 13.50 
 
 11. f ARROW 62.'^ 7.50 
 
 Special quality stock* two-color plaids. 
 
 12. ARROW, gold edges 1.123^ 13.50 
 
 1001. fALADDIN 75 9.00 
 
 Desirable set pattern fancy backs. 
 
 1002. ALADDIN, gold edges 1.25 15.00 
 
 343. ♦CADETS, small size, m x2'3 40 4.80 
 
 For children, toy cards. Solitaire, etc. 
 343x. EX. CADETS, small size, gold edges.. .80 9.G0 
 
 22. +RAMBLER, process finish 1.00 12.00 
 
 Superior quality. Aluminum surface. 
 
 23. RAMBLER, gold edges 1.50 IS.OO 
 
 155. 'TOURISTS, hard finish 1.00 12.00 
 
 Twelve beautiful and appropriate backs. 
 
 155x. EX. TOURISTS, gold edges 1.50 18.00 
 
 15oiA). *TOURISTS, enameled 1.00 12.00 
 
 Assorted designs and colors in each dozen. 
 155(a;x. EX. TOURISTS, enameled, gold 
 
 edges 1.50 18.00 
 
 '45fAl. *TEXAN, triple strength 1.50 18.00 
 
 Hard finish. Round or square corners. 
 SOS. *IUCYCLE, ivory finish 1.50 18.00 
 
 Highly enameled. Contains bicycle and other 
 popular designs (registered). 
 
 808(A). BICYCLE, extra sealed 1.75 21.00 
 
 «)8x. EX. BICYCLE, gold edges : 2.00 24.C0 
 
 33. +APOLLO, aluminum surface 1.33 16.00 
 
 Original designs lor backs. 
 
 34. APOLLO, gold edges 2.00 24.00 
 
 •45. *TEXAN, new enameled series 1.25 15.00 
 
 New and original designs for backs. 
 
 '45x. EX. TEXAN, gold edges 2.00 24.00 
 
 300. fPINOCIILE, 48 cards 1.25 15.00 
 
 Double packs. Specially prepared stock. 
 
 «00. SPECIAL PINOCHLE, 64 cards 1.75 21.00 
 
 Extra double packs. High grade stock. 
 29. *FAUNTLEROY, small size, IH x 2'^.. 1.00 12.00 
 New and novel, enameled ivory finish. 
 29x. EX. FAUNTLERO Y, small size, gold 
 
 edges 1.50 18.00 
 
 133. tCOLUMBIA, French size,2':ix3'^ 1..50 18.00 
 
 Correct Whist size. High aluminum water-proof 
 
 surface. 
 
 134. COLUMBIA, gold edges 2.00 24.00 
 
 21. 'JUNIOR, French size, 2'4 x 3!4, known 
 
 as "Bicycle Juniors" 1.50 18.00 
 
 Same quality as the "Bicycle." Junior patterns. 
 21x. EX. JUNIOR, gold edges 2.00 24.00 
 
 188. *CAPIT0L, double enameled 2.00 24.00 
 
 Twelve beautiful, popular anil fancy backs. 
 
 188x. EX. CAPITOL, gold edges 2.75 a3.00 
 
 44. fCRESCP:NT, double enameled 2.00 24.00 
 
 Popular Mogul quality. Special linen stock. 
 
 »5. CRESCENT, gold edges 2.50 30.00 
 
 44rB). tCRESCENT, Art Series 2..50 30.00 
 
 Scene backs without margins. The Four Seasons, 
 printed in art colors. 
 
 '•'"U.S." BRANDS. + 
 
 PER PEH 
 
 NO- DOZ. GROSS. 
 
 45(B). CRESCENT.ArtSeries.gold edges, $3.00 fW.OO 
 
 707. *CABINET, new series, full packs 2.50 30.00 
 
 A revelation in playing cards. Fine linen stock. 
 707x. EX. CABINET, new series.gold edges 3.25 39.00 
 49. fEL DORADO, illuminaied fancy col- 
 ored backs, gold edges 3.00 30.00 
 
 202. 'SPORTSMAN'S 3.00 36.00 
 
 Linen stock. Highly finished enamel. 
 
 202x. EX. SPORTSMAN'S, gold edges 3.75 45.00 
 
 55. tBOSTON, Club cards, cloth cases 3.00 36.00 
 
 Fine linen stock, double enamel. Highest finish. 
 
 55. BOSTON, tuck boxes 2.75 33.00 
 
 56. BOSTON, gold edges 3.50 42.00 
 
 303. *ARMY AND NAVY, Club cards, all 
 
 liuen, cloth telescope cases 4.00 48.00 
 
 Designed principally for Club use. Double enamel. 
 303. ARMY AND NAVY, without cloth 
 
 cases 3.75 45.00 
 
 505. EX. ARMY AND NAVY, gold edges, 5.00 60.00 
 
 3C3. ARMY AND NAVY "SECONDS"... 3.00 24.00 
 Angel or assorted backs. 
 
 75. tNATIONAL CLUB ''SECONDS" 2.00 24.00 
 
 175. tWniST, French size, 2'4xyA, cloth 
 
 cases 4.00 48.00 
 
 Angel, Renaissance, Mosquito backs, etc. 
 
 175. WHIST, tuck boxes 3.75 45.00 
 
 175. WHIST, tuck boxes, second quality, 2.25 27.00 
 
 176. WHIST, gold edges 4.50 54.00 
 
 93. *IVORY, Whist series, German size, 
 
 2'^x3i4 2.00 24.00 
 
 Double enameled. A variety of designs and colors. 
 
 93x. EX. IVORY, gold edges 2.75 33.00 
 
 144. f TENNIS, French size, 2'4x 3!^ 2.00 24.00 
 
 Specially prepared stock. Beautiful designs. 
 
 145. TENNIS, gold edges 2.50 30.00 
 
 2. *SKAT, German faces. German size, 
 
 2') x3*i, double enameled 3.00 30.00 
 
 Have modetn indexes, 36 cards in a pack. 
 
 2x. SKAT, gold edges 3.50 42.C0 
 
 404. 'CONGRESS, gold backs 5.50 66.00 
 
 606. EX. CONGRESS, gold backs and gold 
 
 edges 7.00 84.00 
 
 Great variety of artistic designs, printed in either 
 green, copper, violet, aluminum or gold bronze. 
 
 66. tLENOX, High Art Series 4.50 54.00 
 
 Linen stock, water-proof, high slip finish. 
 
 67. LENOX, gold edges 5.00 60.00 
 
 1. tBIJOU, French size, 2Mx3,'^, gold 
 
 edges 8.00 96.00 
 
 A perfect gem. All gold edges. 
 
 1. BIJOU, leather cases, gold edges 11.00 132.00 
 
 In an elegant leather case, containing one or two 
 packs. 
 
 89. 'Treasuri?. for Clubs and exacting 
 
 players desiring perfect cards 6.00 . 72.00 
 
 This grade con tains the finest selected linen stock. 
 
 7.5. tNATIONAf. CLUB ....6.00 72.(X) 
 
 Pure linen stock, triple enameled. 
 
 75. NATIONAL CLUB, tuck cases 5.50 66.00 
 
 76. NATIONAL CLUB, gold edges 6.50 78.00 
 
 366. 'SQUARED FARO, faro backs 9.00 108.00 
 
 Fit any dealing box. Margin enough to trim 
 many times. 
 
 'NAXIOMAL" bramds. 
 
 ORDER BY THE ABOVE NUMBERS. SPECIAL INDUCEMENTS OFFERED ON QUANTITY ORDERS. 
 
 Playing Card Manufactories: 
 
 Russell & Morgan Factories. 
 National Factory. 
 
 The United States Printing Company, 
 
 Cincinnati, U. S. A. 
 
'* Bicycle" and our other brands took the highest 
 award at the World's Fair, Chicago. Sales exceed 
 all other makes. They sell themselves. 
 
 The United States Printing Company, 
 
 Cincinnati, U. S. A. 
 
 Playing Card Manufactories; 
 
 Russell & Morgan Factories. 
 IVational Factory. 
 
 LbAg'09 
 
 ^'•-