Class .^^'l Book Wi sBs The Wallum Pond Estates By Harry Lee Barnes Reprinted from the Rhode Island Historical Society Collections WITH Additions and Illustrations 1922 »/5 1> ^ •:• \ \^\ Dedication To the patients of the State Sanatorium, past, present and future, in the hope that the perusal of its contents and the view- ing of its scenes may while away otherwise monotonous hours, this little volume is respectfully dedicated by the author. Preface It has been my aim to trace the chief events which have occurred on the lands about Wallum Pond from the time when records are first available down to the purchase of the site for the Sanatorium in 1902. Many materials for this work were collected in 1906 and 1907 and embodied in an address before the Rhode Island Citizens' Historical Association at their visit to the Sanatorium in the spring of 1908. It was desirable to rewrite the address in order to incorporate much new material which steadily accumulated but this was put off from year to year because of lack of time, etc.. until 14 years had slipped away. Most of the statements for which authorities are not cited are based on copies of deeds, mortgages, agreements and leases found in the records of Burrillville. Glocester, Provi- dence, Boston, and Worcester Count}-, and can be verified by the names and dates given. In nearly all cases, it has been indi- cated in the text what statements are founded on tradition as distinguished from those founded on documents. Indebtedness for much helpful information concerning events of the last 70 years is acknowledged to Mrs. Nancy Buxton Anderson, ^Ivs. Ellen Wakefield, Mrs. George Sly, ^Nliss Anna Hoyle, ]^Iiss Ruth Slater, and to IMessrs. Sylvester Angell, Seth Darling, since deceased, Seth Ross, William R. Angell, Wm. Green, Thos. Green, since deceased, James Riley, Barton Jacobs, Edwin Esten and Ira Wakefield. In the study of the old Providence records, many courtesies were shown me by Wel- come Arnold Greene, since deceased. ]\Iy wife, Lena Meek Barnes, has rendered much help in running back the old deeds, especially on Wallum Pond Hill. Before writing the history of a New England hamlet, it would be ideal to abstract all recorded deeds from the original grants to the present day and the writer PREFACE has been able to do this for a good part of the land in this vicin- ity. The tracing of so many places back to common land has yielded much more material than has been used, as even in a study so local and intensive, one must omit much to keep within bounds. The reader who finds the detailed account of the old houses and their former owners irksome should appreciate that 1 have purposely sacrificed something from the standpoint of readability in order more nearly to approach the ideal of com- pleteness. I cannot hope to have avoided all mistakes or to have exhausted the subject, and doubtless, interesting events have been missed which more time and devotion to research would have obtained. The Wallum Pond Estates By Harry Lee Barnes Location and Surroundings. Wallum Pond\ which is crossed near its southern end by the 42nd parallel, lies about 1^^ miles east of the Connecticut line, partly in Douglas, Mass.. and partly in Burrillville, Rhode Island. It is situated in the southern part of what in early Colonial times was called the Nipmuck country. The Nipmuck lands extended from Central Massachusetts northward past the Watchusett Hills, to al)out the southern line of New Hamp- shire; northeastward to the Pawtuckets on the lower Merrimac : eastward to the Massachusetts Indians by the Bay, and to the Wampanoags east of the Blackstone ; southward to the northern Rhode Island bands tributary to the Narragansetts. and to the Mohegans of east central Connecticut; and westward to the Indians of the Connecticut vallev. 1 For information concerning Walhim Pond on the early maps, see appendix. 8 VVALLUM OR ALLUM ? A small stream rises in southern Douglas, easterly of Wallum Pond and flows southerly across the Rhode Island line into the Pascoag River. Its sources were favorite Indian camping sites and it has been called Nipmuck Brook from early times. Ten miles southeasterly of Wallum Pond is Nipsachuck\ a place through which King Philip passed in his flight westward to the Nipmuck country. Three miles northwesterly of Wallum Pond, in Webster, Mass., lies a lake called Chaubunagungamaug. a word which is said to have meant. "The Boundary Fishing Place." Six miles westerly was the village of Ouantisset. once plundered b}' the Narragansetts to revenge an insult to their Sachem. Twelve miles to the westward beyond the Quinebaug River in Woodstock was Wabbaquasset'-. "The Mat producing Country," so called from some marsh or meadow which fur- nished reeds for mats and baskets. Twelve miles to the south- west in central Killingly was Wahmunsqueeg. "The Spot resorted to for Whetstones." The land about Plainfield, Conn., south of Wabbaquasset and Wamunsqueeg was the Quinebaug country. IVaUuiii or Allitin^ People of the present day who recall events before 1850 pretty generally agree that in their youth, the name "Allum Pond," was more frequently used by the old people. It is worthy of note that "Alum" is the name given two ponds about twenty miles to the westward in Massachusetts. As early as 1710, the Rhode Island deeds referred to this pond as Allum or AUom Pond and the Report of the Rhode Island-Alassachusetts Boundary Commission which surveyed the line in 1719 men- tioned Allum Pond. The first map to show the pond spelled with a "W" was the Douglas map of 1753. It must be conceded that Dr. Douglas had excellent opportunities to get information as he frequented this vicinity. He had a great interest in history and it is not impossilile that he was informed by local Indians that Walamp was more nearly like the Indian pronunciation 1 Hubbard, Drake's Edition. Vol. 1, page 90. - Larncd'.s Historv of Windham County. THE WALLU-M POND ESTATES 9 than Allum. The spelHng \\'alamp on the Douglas map was followed for decades in deeds of land about the Massachusetts end of the pond by owners, many of whom knew Dr. Douglas and some of whom ma\- haxe seen his map. The name W'alamp did not endure proljably because it could not be established against local tradition without the schools, which did not flour- ish in this vicinity until after Caleb Harris had published his map in 1795 showing "Allum Pond." It is certain that the ear- liest Massachusetts settlers also used the word "Allum." for in Dr. Douglas' own deed from the Province of Massacluisetts, we find that his land extended "southerly on the Province or Colony line which runs through a great Pond called Allum Pond." There are also facts which cast grave doubt on the accuracy of the spelling on the Douglas map. On this map, Badluck Pond, 2 miles northerly of Wallum Pond, is spelled Budluck Pond ; Nipmuck River is spelled Nutmeg River, and Hemlock Brook is spelled Hembeck Brook. These stupid mis- takes could hardly have been made by Dr. Douglas. The map was published in England after his death and these errors were almost certainly due to the illegibility of the manuscripts or to carelessness of the printers^. There is strong probability that the illegible handwriting or carelessness which converted Bad- luck into Budluck, Nipmuck into Nutmeg and Hemlock into Hembeck also corrupted Allum into \\"alamp. Although the name Walamp did not endure, there is evidence that it was. perhaps, inadvertently changed into Wallimi. For instance, in 1802, when Jonah Brown bought land of John Hunt, the first bound is located "By the east side of \A"allomp Pond so called," a name obviously derived from the Douglas spelling, as it con- tained both the initial ff and the terminal p. When Jonah Brown sold this land in 1811, A\^allomp was changed to \\'alhun in describing the same bound. On April 25th. 1812. the Burrill- ville Town Council records refer to Wallum Pond. WHiether the name \\'allum crei:)t from the Massachusetts deeds into com- 1 A committee of the General Court of Massachusetts found Dr. Douglas' map very erroneous and recommended against its publication, Province laws 1753-4, Chapter 133. 10 THE MEANING OF ALLUM mon speech and on to the map makers or whether the latter were advised by some student of the Indian language that Wal- lum was preferable to Allum, or whether some of the map makers were influenced by seeing the Douglas map, is unknown, Init at all events, after 1855, Wallum established its place on maps by \\'alling and others and was taught to the children of the Wallum Pond School after 1860. The name Wallum gained ground slowly in common speech among the natives during the latter part of the 19th century until by 1905 Allum was used only by people past middle life. In that it has been handed down from the old settlers and is found in the oldest and most relial)le documents, Allum (Allam or Allom) is preferable to Wallum. Allum is almost certainly the word which was received from the Nipmucks of this vicinity so far as it could be accurately understood, pronounced and spelled by the men who settled these parts. The opinion expressed by modern students of the Algonquin language that Wallum was more nearly correct than Allum, will be presented later. Opinions as to the Meaning of Allmn. Trumbull, the Connecticut historian, states that Allum or Wallum Pond took its name from "A Quinebaug Captain whose name, meaning Fox (Peq. A'Wumps)^ was variously written AUums, Allumps,Hyems, lams, Hyenps." In view of the similar- ity of the name of Allum Pond to that of the Sachem, Allumps, of Trumbull's o])inion that it was named after this chief, which has been accepted 1)y other historians, and of Trumbull's reputa- tion as historian and student of the Indian language, the life of Allumps will be appended in some detail". It appears that after leaving Pawtuckquachooge in the Nar- ragansett Country, Allumps made his home in Egunk, Conn.. near the Rhode Island line, about 24 miles as the crow flies, south of Allum Pond. Had he ever lived at Allum Pond, it is unlikely that this fact would not have been mentioned by his 1 Indian Names in Connecticut. J. H. Trumbull, page 3. - See appendix. THE WALLUM POND ESTATES 1] Indian contemporaries at the legislative investigation, as they were particularly cjuestioned as to his residence, Passagcogon recalling the one year w^hich Allumps spent West of the Quine- baug. If in addition to this documentary evidence, we consider that there is no local tradition that Allumps ever lived here, that it was not customary for Indians to name places after individ- uals, and that there was another Alum Pond in Sturbridge and still another in Brimiield, Mass., Trumbull's statement that this pond was named after Allumps, is, to say the least, improbable. Mr. Sidney S. Rider, in his "Lands of Rhode Island," stated that Allum Pond was known to the earliest Englishmen there as Awamp's Pond ; Awumps was a Nipmuck Sachem whom these English found there. The name became in time Allum's Pond and at last \\'allum.'" ]\Ir. Rider was unable to cite^ authority for the aljove statements and there appears to be no written evidence or local tradition that Wallum Pond was ever called Awamp's Pond or that a Nipmuck Sachem by that name ever lived here. In his "Key," Roger Williams gives Alum as the Nipmuck word for dog, but there is no rock or striking object about the pond which resembles a dog. While not in accordance with the usual custom- of the Indians to name a pond after an animal not naturally found nearby, it might have been done if some unusual incident in connection with a dog had happened here. However, the fact that two other ponds to the westward should be named Alum makes it highly improbable that these three ponds were named after dogs. There is also good authority for the view that the word Alum, like many Indian words, had more than one meaning. Wal was a root frequently used by the Nipmucks of this vicinity in naming persons as well as places, thus : Walomachin, Walumpaw, Walowononck, etc. In Ruttenber's Indian Geographical Names, the meaning of the word Allum as it occurs in the phrase, Allum Rocks, is thus 1 Mr. Rider's statement to writer. 2 Mr. William B. Cabot, in a personal communication to the writer so states as pertains to the present Algonquins of Labrador. 12 THE MEANING OF ALLUM explained in a footnote on page 41 : " '\\'allam" — the initial 'W dropped — literally 'Paint Rocks" a formation of Igneous rocks which, by exposure, become disintegrated into soft earthy masses. There are several varieties. The Indians used the dis- integrated masses for paint. The name is met in some forms in all Algonquin dialects." In his Key to the Indian Language, Roger Williams gives the following Indian words and their definitions: Aunakesu He is painted Aunakeuck They are painted On page 183 of Dexter's edition of the Key, the word "W'un- nam" is defined as "red earth" and as "Their red painting which they most delight in." If the Nipmuck 1 be substituted for the Narragansett n, \\\ninam is changed into Wullam. In the translation of the sentence, "Jezebel painted her face/' II. Kings 9:30, in Eliot's Bible, no words or syllables occur which have any similarity to Wallum and the same may be said of the pas- sages in Jeremiah, 22:14, and Ezekiel, 23:40, which refer to painting. Mr. Lincoln M. Kinnicutt^ quotes Mr. Harry Wright as saying that "the Indians about Hudson Bay used the word ^^'oloman or Wolomon as meaning something red, not as a synonym for red, but for something colored red. The gum which they use on their boats and which they color red, the}' call \\'oloman." In the translation of the words "dyed red," in Eliot's Bible, Exodus 25:5, 26:14, 35:7 and 35:23, Woloman is not used, but the more common word for red, Masquodsu. In Eliot's Bible the word "Wunne" is frequently used to express the English word "good," and "Wunnetu" to express the word "beautiful." If the Nipmuck 1 be substituted for the ^lassa- chusetts n, Wunne is converted into Wulle, which is very sim- ilar to Wallum. especially if it be considered that the Indians had no written language, the settlers writing down the word as it sounded with considerable variation of the spelling, depending on who wrote it. In defining the word "Wallum." Ruttenber comments further as follows : "It is from a generic root written in different dialects, Walla. Wara. etc., meaning 'fine, hand- 1 Indian Names of Places in Worcester Countv. THE WALLUM POND ESTATES 13 some, good,' etc., from which in the Delaware, Dr. Brinton derived Walam 'Painted,' 'from the sense to be fine in appear- ance, to dress, which the Indians accomplished l)y painting their bodies.' " Cabot^ also states that "the bottom meaning of the word Allum is fine, beautiful." As no red rocks, soil or other materials which the Indians could have used for paint have so far been found about the Allum ponds, it is not unlikely that these ponds were given the name Allum in its primary meaning. Wallum Pond is attractive in general appearance and is noted for the clarity and purity of its water, its outlet stream having been known as Clear River from the earliest times. Even in a country where good water is plentiful, one must go a long way to find such transparent pond water. This remarkably fine qual- ity or clarity of the water is the most striking feature common to the three Alum Ponds, and these qualities should have impressed the Indians as much as their white successors. There is, in fact, a tradition or belief- in Brimfield that the Indian word Alum as applied to these ponds meant "clear water." Assuming that "Allum" or "Wallum" Pond meant to the Indian "fine" pond, "good" pond, or "beautiful" pond, it was an appro- priate name for these ponds. A\'hile at this date there can be no certainty what the Indians meant by using the word Allum or Wallum in connection with this pond, the evidence favors the definition last given. Indian Relics and Traditions. A tradition'' has been handed down from early times that the Indians had corn fields on Wallum Pond Hill and that the set- tlers, on opening the hills of corn, found sand therein, which the Indians had carried from the beach at the northern end of the pond and which they believed aided the growth of the corn. As the soil about here is wet and heavv, it seems likelv that the 1 In a personal communication to the writer. - Information obtained from Mr. W. C. Davenport, of East Brim- field, Mass. "• Statements to the writer by Seth Ross (1829- ), received from several men in his youth, by Sylvester Angell from his father, Brown Angell, and by Barton Jacobs from Otis Buxton. 14 INDIAN RELICS AND TRADITIONS sand might have given their corn an earher start. About a third of a mile eastward from the Singleton place on Wallum Pond Hill, a ridge of gravel about ten feet high and fifty feet wide at the base, rises abruptly from the low land and extends about 1,500 feet southerly from the ^Massachusetts-Rhode Island line across the highway leading from the Singleton place to the Tas- seltop road. There is a tradition^ - that this ridge which lies between the swamp by the brook on the east and south and the southern part of Bear Swamp on the west, was utilized by the Indians for a fort. The Indian forts were frequently adjacent to swamps, and this ridge possessed great natural strength for such purpose. Many Indian arrow heads and highly polished stones of various colors about J4 "ich square and 2 or 3 inches long have been ploughed out of the narrow strip of land between the ridge and the brook''. A few hundred feet to the eastward of the ridge on the old Eddy place was the "Island Lot," so called because many years ago a small brook dividing southerly of the house and reuniting about 800 feet northerly enclosed several acres of land with tiny streams during high water. On the westerly side of this lot as late as 1880 were a few mounds spared the plough by Daniel Buxton because they were Indian graves*. Alany Indian arrow heads were found on the Ezra Stone (Friery) farm westerly of the gravel ridge^, and on the Charles Arnold farm''. Arrow heads were found Init with less frequenc}- by those who ploughed the lands near the Sana- torium. On the Ernest Singleton (Asahel Aldrich) place is a large egg shaped stone, a photograph of which is shown. Old people claimed that this stone was formerly on the Israel Aldrich farm on the northern end of Wallum Pond Hill, and 1 Received from Lippitt Eddy (1755-1838) by Daniel Buxton, given to writer by the latter's son, Wm. Buxton. 2 Levi Brown and Jos. Bowdish (1810-1900), through Nancy Buxton Anderson to writer. " Ellen Buxton Church to writer. •* Wm. Buxton to writer. ^ James Riley to writer. " Fred Arnold to writer. WALLUM POND INDIAN RELICS MAP OF WALLUM POND AND VICINITY THE VVALLUM POND ESTATES 15 Key to ]\Iap. 100 places mentioned in the text and numbered on the map. 1. Ballard's House 47. Buxton House 2. Store 48. Mason House Blacksmith Shop 49. Blacksmith Shop Cotton House 50. Coffee House Gristmill 51. The Brass Ball Sawmill 52. The Gore Cotton Mill 53. Chamberlain Pond Shingle Mill 54. Aldrich Pond Woolen Mill 55. Snake Den 3. Turning Lathe 56. Boarding House 4. Middle Mill 57. The Ice House 5. Sylvester Angell's House 58. Brick Yard 6. Angell's Store 59. Dyer Camp 7. Kimball House 60. Inman Camp 8. Timothy Jcnne House 61. Granger Camp 9. Robbins House 62. Singleton Camp 10. State Sanatorium 63. Moss Pond Jenne Graveyard 64. Indian Rock 11. Seth Jenne House 65. Lovers Rock 12. Lower Sawmill 66. Mormon Church 13. A. Phillips House 67. Indian Camp Site 14. Sanborn House 68. Bowdish House 15. Green House 69. School House 16. King House 70. Israel Aldrich House 17. Cranberry Bog 71. Graveyard 18. Peters House 72. Vickers House 19. Wells House 73. Chas. Arnold House 20. Whipple Angell House 74. A. Ritchie House 21. Chase House 75. Bear Swamp 22. R. Angell Tavern 76. Fairfield Place 23. Scott Cabin 77. Olney Angell House 24. Porter House 78. Singleton House 25. Ward House 79. Graveyard 26. Twist House 80. Enoch Angell House 27. Money Rocks 81. School House 28. Robbins Cabin 82. School House 29. Stanfield House 83. Tannery 30. Wm. Trask House 84. Asahel Alger House 31. Whiting House 85. Adam White House 32. Logee Tavern 86. Samuel White House 33. "Boiling" Spring 87. Quarries 34. Trask Brook 88. Joshua Alger House 35. Goat Rock 89. Preserved Alger House 36. Sawmill Pond 90. George Stone House 37. Badger Mountam 91. Stone Graveyard 38. Cold Spring Brook 92. Jonah Brown House 39. Leeson Brook 93. Ezra Stone House 40. Gaucher Camp 94. Gravel Ridge 41. Coon Cave 95. Indian Fort Site 42. Rattlesnake Ledge 96. Eddy Graveyard 43. Worsley House 97. Dutee Eddy House 44 Whitman House 98. Island Lot 45 Starr House 99. Indian Graves Site 46. Thayer Cabin ion. "The Hemlock" Woods 16 INDIAN RELICS AND TRADITIONS that it was an Indian corn grinding stone\ The stone appears to be a granite similar in character to the granite boulders of this vicinity. It has a remarkably symmetrical ovoid form with a fairly smooth surface, evidently shaped and finished by human agency. One end of the stone has a slightly hollowed facet about six inches in diameter. From one side of this facet, a thin piece measuring about three by two inches has been chipi^ed oft". As the stone rests on its flattened end. it measures thirteen inches in height and fourteen and a half inches in width at the widest part. Measured at right angles to its vertical axis, as it sets on end, it has a maximum circumference of forty-two and one-half inches. The weight of the stone is 130 pounds. On one side appears the figure of a human head, cut in about one-sixteenth of an inch. The part about the nose and lips appears imperfectly drawn. The lines shown in the photograph were traced with chalk, excepting the line of the back which extends a little farther than shown in the photograph. On one side of the stone opposite to the drawing of the head, is the letter A, the sides of the A being about one and one-half inches long. The letter surely, and the figure probably, was not pro- duced by uncivilized red men. Stones smaller Imt similar in shape are still used by backward peoples, in husking or grinding grain'-. It is very unlikely that the settlers would fashion or use a stone in this way. as there were grain mills in this section when the Wallum Pond lands were cleared. It appears to be what tradition claims for it, an Indian corn grinding stone. Although so heavy, it rolls easily and grinds corn well, as has been recently demonstrated. The size and weight of the stone are evidence in favor of a large and permanent Indian popula- tion in this vicinity, as a small population would not need it. and without beasts of burden, it would have been im])racticable for Indians to transport it. The boulder on which the ovoid stone was photographed is a quadrilateral shaped rock about eleven feet on each side, the top being between four and five feet above the ground. It is located about 600 feet westerlv of the James H. Singleton i)lace 1 William (iroen rc'mcnil)crs wlu'ii this stone was pli>u.s>hed out a few rods west of the Iiarn on tlic Otis lUixton jilace' hv Daniel FJuxton aliout 1848. -Sec Tlie National r.eotiraphic Magazine. \'o1. XLI.. I'aue 211. THE WALLUM POND ESTATES 17 on the southwestern slope of W'allum Pond Hill, and about 1 mile from where the ovoid stone was found. Near the eastern side of the flat top of the boulder is an area about three by four feet depressed below the surface from two to five inches, and suggesting a fitting place for the use of the corn grinding stone. There is no convincing evidence of the use of the boulder by the Indians, and no traditions in regard to it. are known to exist. The pestle shown in the photograph, now in the possession of the writer, was found l)y Alexander Ritchie on his farm on Wallum Pond Hill in 1906. Indian relics were frequently found in the vicinity of the house at one time occupied by Reuben Fairfiekl, situated on the highway leading easterly from the Israel Aldrich place on \\'al- lum Pond Hill and about 2 miles therefrom. About 300 feet easterly of this house is a small gravevard where Simeon Heren- deen (1743-1820), a Revolutionary soldier, was buried. Heren- deen owned the land running northward from the graveyard to the house of his son-in-law, Jonathan Marcv, and this property has been continuously in possession of this familv, including the present owner, Edwin Esten, the great-grandson. The latter's mother told him that the Indian cornfields were located between the Marcy house and the graveyard and showed him two rocks where the Indians ground their corn. One of these boulders, near the corner of a stone wall about 30 rods southeasterlv of the ]\Iarcy house, was inspected by the writer in 1920. It showed a shallow depression about 18 inches in diameter. Near this rock, a stone pestle was found by Mr. Esten, about 1855. When a child, Air. Esten was shown several poles about 5 inches in diameter which according to the family tradition, were frag- ments of wigwam poles. About 100 feet easterly of the grave- yard, is a large "boiling" spring said to have been used by the Indians at this camp site. It is likely that, after 1800. some of the Indians belonging to their settlements in Natick, Webster and Woodstock, were allowed to camp temporarily at some of their old sites and that it was the poles remaining from these camps which were shown Mr. Esten. About a mile and a half northeasterlv from the northern end of Wallum Pond and about -*?! 18 WALOMACHIN OR BLACK JAMES 100 feet southerly of the Grand Trunk road bed, is a large flat topped ledge called Indian Rock\ According to Airs. Syra Jeph- erson (Patty Pease), there were at one time Indian cornfields easterly of this rock and also to the northward on the easterly side of what is now Moss Pond. About 1853, she showed Edwin Esten two holes in this rock which had been used by the Indians for grinding corn. Several years later, part of this ledge was quarried and one of the holes destroyed. The remain- ing hole was shown to the writer by Mr. Esten in 1920. P forms a shallow basin, about one foot in diameter, and the rock has the appearance of having been worn down by artificial means. In the centre of the depression is an oval hole about 5 inches by 3 inches by 4 inches deep. From these relics and traditions, it is certain that Wallum Pond and vicinity were much frecjuented by the Indians. Jl'alouiacliiii or Black James. Before 1674, the Indians of several villages a few miles to the westward in Thompson, Woodstock and Webster, had been converted to Christianity by Indian missionaries trained by the Rev. John Eliot. Major Daniel Gookin-, the Indian agent of Massachusetts, had appointed Black James constable over the "Praying Towns." empowering him to apprehend delinquents, to bring those guilty of minor oiTences before ^^'attasacom- panum, ruler of the Nipmuck country, and to bring those guilty of idolatry and powwowing before Gookin. Black James at first won high praise from Gookin as being "zealous to sup- press sin," but, on the outbreak of King Philip's \\'ar, he joined the enemy. P)y convincing the Indians outside the "Praying Towns" that the\- would all be killed'' because they were not praying Indians and by forcing the praying Indians to join the hostiles or be killed by them\ he exercised great influence over the Indians of this section. P)ef()re the war, he lived at Chau- 1 Many old people of this vicinity transmit the tradition tliat tliis was an Indian rock. - Gookin's Narrative. Col. Mass. Hist. Soc. First Series Vol. 1. •' Temple's History of North Brookfield, p. 74. ••Drake's Book of the Indians, book II., p. 118. r INDIAN ROCK THE VVALLUM POND ESTATES 19 bunagungamun (Webster) and on Oct. 23, 1700, he sold 240 acres of land on the north end of lake "Chaubungum," situated about five miles northwesterly of the northern end of Wallum Pond, the plot accompanying the deed showing the location of the lake, fort, etc.^ As late as 1702, Black James plotted mis- chief with other Indians near Brookfield-. W'alomachin was the most important Indian to deed that part of the Nipmuck country embracing the lands about the northern end of Wallum Pond to the Oolony of Massachusetts. The Southern Nipmucks. On May 11, 1681, Massachusetts authorized William Stough- ton and Joseph Dudley to investigate the Indian titles to the Nipmuck country and report. About a month later, after due notice, a meeting of the Indian claimants was called in Cam- bridge with Mr. Eliot as interpreter. The Indians were found "willing enough to claim the whole country, but litigious and doubtful among themselves," and were therefore dismissed to settle their ditTerences. Before the second meeting in the fol- lowing September, the principal claimants were "warned" to travel in com])any with the commissioners as far and as much as one week would allow. On Oct. 17th, Stoughton and Dudley reported to the legislature that the Southern Nipmuck country claimed l)y Black James i^^ Co. was "capable of good settlement if not too scant of meadow though uncertain what will fall within the bounds if our line be questioned." After due author- ization, Stoughton and Dudley bought for 20 pounds, Feb. 10. 1682. of "Black James & Co.," a triangular tract of land bounded on the east by the Blackstone or Nipmuck River, on the southeast by a line of marked trees, on the south by the south line of Massachusetts, on the north by an imaginary line four miles north of the Boston-Springfield path and coming to a point on the west on the Connecticut line near Springfield, reserving for the Indians a tract of land five miles square after- 1 Land records in the office of the Secretary of State. Boston. Mass. Archives, Vol. 31, p. 46, 47, Map and Plan 3rd series. Vol. 32, p. 16. - Letter of John Perrv to Gov. Dudlev. Mass. Arcliives. Vol. 70. p. 618, 619. 20 THE SOUTHERN NIPMUCKS ward set off in Oxford and Thompson. The names of the Indians who signed or subsequently agreed to the deed were : Black James, alias Walomachin Sean Jasco Benjamin W'abequalan James Sebaquat Simon Wolomp Madaquamin Tascomp Cook Robin Sasequejasuck Pamphosit Pomponechum Naontock Papomsham Nanatoho W'olowononck Aspenaw Pe Pegous Peter Pacataw John Awagwon John Hownaheteammen Sosoquaw Mattaomp Tobi Alataquish Mat A\'aisk James Wiser Wawunhit James Acojock Sam M. Seeg Welompaw Cotoosonk Pa])eunquanant Acadaquami Waumshk Wawaus. or James Printer On May 18th, 1682, a second deed was signed by one Indian whose name does not appear on the first one, namely, Sewos- sasco. Twelve other Indians who, though absent at the signing of the first deed, had apparently authorized their signatures, also signed this second deed. These deeds obviously included the northern or Massachusetts end of Wallum Pond and the adjacent lands. The northern Nipmuck country toward Wachu- sett was not bought at this time because the Commissioners could not find Indians "meet to be treated with thereabouts." The care taken by the Commissioners to make the titles valid by securing signatures from the Indians of each localitx' warrants the assumption that the 37 signers of the deeds were the head men of this region, probably the heads of families. If we so assume and also assume, as did Gookin and Eliot, that the Indian family averaged five members, there were in 1682, in the South- ern Nipmuck country of Massachusetts, at least 185 Indians of local Nipmuck origin in addition to Narragansetts and others THE WALLL'M POND ESTATES 21 who are known to have emigrated here. Although northwestern Rhode Island was clearly Nipmuck country, this colony did not recognize the Nipmuck claims and it is doubtful whether there were any Indian deeds to settlers about Wallum Pond on the Rhode Island side of the line. The only Indian deed in Burrill- ville known to the writer is that of John Hoaneniuhesio to Edward Salisbury of land near Herring Pond, dated March 8. 1774. A. F. Brown, in his article on Douglas^, states that, "prior to the year 1708, the territory now embraced within the limits of the town of Douglas was an unbroken forest inhabited by a few Indian stragglers from the Narragansett or Xipmuck Tribes. One small band occupied the extreme easterly pa.vt of the town, another the southern part and still another band were located northerly of the centre." Some of the Indians are said to have died of smallpox'-, which, according to Emerson", was epidemic in Douglas in 1792 and 1825. Descendants of these Indians continued to live in Douglas, some of them in the vicin- ity of Walltmi Pond until well into the last century. They made and peddled liaskets and other handiwork. A few intermarried with whites and more with negroes. Patty Pease. One of the last of the Nipmucks reputed to be of pure blood was Patty Pease. At some time ])rior to 1835, she lived with her mother, who was said to have been a medicine woman, in a cabin northerly of the Abel Parker sawmill. This sawmill site is northerly of the highway running easterly toward Douglas trom Wallum Pond Hill and about a mile from the latter. About 300 feet northwesterly of the mill dam, is a large boulder whicb has been quarried and was the site of the courtship of this Indian girl bv her white lover. Syra Jepherson. After their marriage, they lived about a mile from Tasseltop. She often visited Badluck Pond to gather material for baskets. There was a tradition among the old settlers of this vicinitv that Badluck Pond was so named 1 Hamilton Hurd's History of Worcester Co., p. 1395. ~ Statement of Joseph Wallis, given to the writer by his son, \V. R. Wallis. •■'Emerson's History of Douglas, p. 62. 22 PATTY PEASE by the Indians because one of them was drowned there'. Patty told Edwin Esten that this pond was given an Indian name meaning bad luck because an Indian with his squaw and papoose were drowned in attempting to cross it in a canoe. Three sons of Patty Pease Jepherson entered the Union armies during the Civil \\'ar and two of her grandsons with decidedly Indian cast of features were employed in the construction of the hospital at Wallum Pond in 1916. The Boston Men. In response to a petition, the General Court of Massachusetts, in November. 1722. appointed a committee to sell 3,000 acres of common land in what is now southern Douglas. The committee, consisting of Paul Dudley. John Ouincy and Benjamin \\'hitt- more, held an auction at the Green Dragon Tavern in Boston on Wednesday, the 3rd dav of April, 1723. A 1100-acre tract near the present Uxbridge line was sold to Dr. William Douglas and associates for 4 shillings per acre and a 1900-acre tract adjacent to Wallum Pond was sold to Benjamin Bronsdon and associates for 3 shillings. 3 ])ence per acre. AMien the deeds were made out the next day. it api^eared that Dr. Douglas' and Mr. Brons- don's associates were the same and that both tracts were to be divided equally among the following six men : Dr. William Douglas. Benjamin Bronsdon. John Binning, Abijah Savage. Andrew Tyler and William Tyler. T(i distinguish this tract from previous grants to Sherburn men. it was called "The Bos- ton Men's Farms." The bounds of this 1900-acre tract as stated in the original deed are rather hard to locate, but in the settle- ment of the estate of Andrew Tyler, these bounds are given as follows : "Beginning at a white oak tree in the Colony line Xorth 6V2° East 545 rods to Hedgehog Corner, then west 3^4° Xorth 500 rods to Bear Corner, then south 6J/>° west 156 rods to a stone heap on a knowle. then west 180 rods to a white oak tree, then South 6j.4° west 4C0 rods to the Colony line, then on the Colony line to ^^^alomp pond then l)ound round the Xorth end ^ Statement to the writer hy William Church, which information wa.^ received from Salem Walling. THE WALLUM POND ESTATES 23 of said pond till it comes to the Colony line again, then on said line to the bound first mentioned." From a deed of Jeremiah Green to John Hunt, it is possible to fix the first bound as 372 rods from the point where the Colony line crosses the Last bank of W'allum Pond, and the 1900-acre tract is located approxi- mately as shown on the map. The original plot of the division of the 1900-acre tract among the 6 men is not known to be in existence but all the lots ran eastward from the east shore of the pond more than a mile, a considerable distance east of the high- way over W'allum Pond Hill. John Binning, a merchant, had the lot next the colony line. After his death, the land passed to his only child and heir, Sarah, who had married Jeremiah Green, a Boston distiller. Dr. William Douglas (1691-1752), a Scotchman, who arrived in Boston in 1718, established a lucrative practice, and was brought into considerable prominence by his Historical .Summarw his writings on vaccination and other medical sub- jects. His map of New England has previously been alluded to. Dr. Douglas acquired much land in Boston, in Douglas and other parts of \\'orcester County. In 1750. he gave 30 acres of land and a dwelling house to the inhabitants of what was then Xew Sherborn and the people of this district gave the town his name. After Dr. Douglas' death, his lands in this vicinity passed to his sister, Catherine Carr. Andrew Tyler (1692- 1767). a goldsmith and merchant, had married Miriam, daughter of William PepperelP, Baronet, the famous Governor of ^lassa- chusetts. Andrew's brother, William Tyler (1687-1758), a l)razier. had married Jane. Miriam's sister. Andrew Tyler's 131 -acre lot, 62 rods wide, lay north of the present Ritchie place on Wallum Pond Hill. After his death, this lot went to his granddaughter, ^Miriam. A part was later sold to Caleb \Miiting for nonpayment of taxes, and the remainder, Miriam sold to Dr. Jennison. Another lot west of the Pond and the Cedar Swamp lot northwest of the pond was left by Andrew Tyler to his daughter, Marv. The warrant for the division of Andrew 1 Parson's Life of Pepperell, pp. 31-32. 24 THE BOSTON MEN T\ler"s estate was dated May 7. 1767. William Tyler had pur- chased Benjamin Bronsdon's share in the tract. Some of Wil- liam Tyler's land lay ahout the northern end of the pond. After his death, his lands passed to his son. Joseph. Abijah Savage's lot lay next the colony line extending westward from the west shore of the pond. None of the Boston men lived on their Wallum Pond lands. The Rhode Island Proprietors. The original deed which Roger \Mlliams obtained from the Narragansett Sachems on March 24. 1638. did not cover the W^allum Pond section; but. by subsequent deeds, colonial char- ters and boundary agreements with Alassachusetts and Connecti- cut, this land was finally confirmed to Rhode Island. As desir- able settlers came and contributed funds to the Colony they were voted into the company until there were 101 proprietors who divided up the lands and sold to other settlers. The land was divided and sold a little at a time, some of it being held in com- mon over 100 years. Nearly all the land west of the seven-mile line (a north and south line 7 miles west of Providence) was held in common or as undivided land up to 1700. Between 1705 and 1729. there were 10 different divisions of lands west of the seven-mile line among the proprietors^ It should be understood that manv of the proprietors were Providence men of consider- able means who only held land as a speculation and who did not care to live on it. Squatters or tenants sometimes improved the lands. The first deed or lay out of land in the vicinity of Allum Pond so far noticed in the records of Providence is given below. "Paper Xo. 16853."- "Layed out to JoSeph WilkiSson and W^illiam Hopkins one hundred acres of "land on ye weSt Side of ye Seuen Mile line and within ye TownShip of providence and neer a pond Called allam pond and bounded as followeth beginning at a white oake tree being ve northweSterly Corner then Rainging SouthweSt i See Town Paper No. 17885. book 30D. page 65. - Providence Town Papers Vol. 39A. THE WALLUM POXD ESTATES 25 Sixty poles to a walnut tree marked and Stones layed about it then Rainging SoutheEterly one hundred and ninty two poles to a CheStnutt tree marked and Stones layed aljout it then Raing- ing northeSterly to a white oake tree }?c:::^ being one hundred and twenty poles then Rainging upon a Strate line SvSUthEStcrlv one hundred and ninty two poles to ye first mentioned bound the aboueSd bounds are all marked and Stones layed about them Layd out to William Hopkins fifty acres of land on the WeSt Side of ye Seuen mile line and within ye Township of providence and bounded as followeth beginning at a white oake tree marked then Rainging weSterly forty poles to a read oake tree marked then Rainging Southerly one hundred and twenty poles to a white c::l:2 trc? pine tree marked then Rainging eSte ninty Eight poles to a white oake tree marked, then Rainging north one hun- dred and twenty poles to ye firSt mentioned white oake tree, being Situate alittlebout a mile from allom pond and about SoutheSterly from ye Same and was layed out on ye origonal of ( ) and upon ye fifty acre diuiSion on ye weSt Side of ye aforeSd Seuen mile line which was agreed upon by the pur- cherSors layed out ye Eigth Day of apriel in ye yeare one thouSand Seuen hundred and ten by me" On April 11. 1729, Elisha Knowlton surveyed a lot of land for Nicholas Lapham in the 140 acre division. This land was some distance east of AUum Pond and next the Colony line, probably near Nipmauge brook. John Whipple was living on this land when he bought it of Lapham, Nov. 27, 1746. Nicholas Power 3rd, by his will dated March 16, 1732, dis- posed of 1294 acres of land in Gloucester west of the seven mile line. This tract of land when laid out extended roughly from the Clear River outlet of Wallum Pond on the north, southward about 2>^ miles to Little Worth cedar swamp below the corner of the Buck Hill Road. It was about a mile wide east and west and included practically all the original 250 acre tract later purchased for the State Sanatorium. The right^ of Nicholas Power 3rd, to these 1294 acres was based on the orig- inal purchase rights of his great-grandfather, Nicholas Power, ^ See deed of Power to Gibbs, Gloucester Records. 26 THE RHODE ISLAND PROPRIETORS and of Francis \Yeston, Thomas Roberts and Benjamin Smith. Francis Weston was one of the 12 grantors of the initial deed\ He was captured with the Gortonists at Warwick, carried to Boston, September, 1643, brought before the Court Nov. 3rd, sent to prison at Dorchester, released in March, 1644. and ban- ished both from Massachusetts and Warwick. He returned to Warwick and died there prior to June 4, 1645. His nephew and heir, Richard Harcut. sold his commonage rights to Nicholas Power about 1650-. A statement to the effect that Nicholas Power died Aug. 25, 1657, and had made no will in writing, is signed In' Roger Wil- liams and four others as members of the town council. They ordered that his son, Nicholas Power, 2nd, the next day after he became 21 years of age, should have "One Wayunkeage Right by Vertue of his Father's Town Right, a five acre share." etc. Nicholas Power, 2nd, was killed by the Indians Dec. 19, 1675, in the Great Swamp fight. Thomas Roberts died in Newport after 1672 without an heir, his estates going to Christopher Rob- erts of Gloucester, England''. Benjamin Smith had a full pur- chase right in 1665. It seems probable that the Roberts and Smith rights were acquired by Nicholas Power, 2nd, between 1670 and the time of his death. The purchase rights after- ward used in acquiring the Allum Pond estate were left to his son, Nicholas Power, 3rd, who has previously been referred to. Under the date of December 31, 1722, in the Moses Brown papers, is a record of the sale by Power of a negro man Cuffey. Nicholas Power. 3rd, was a man of considerable impor- tance in the colony. The records show that he was one of the assistants in the General Assembly in 1720 and Deputy from Providence to the Assembly in 1722. He evidently allowed his purcliase rights in the division of lands west of the seven-mile line to accumulate until they entitled him to 1294 acres, which could not have happened before 1723. In his will, dated March 16, 1732, his son, Nicholas, was directed to select the best 200 1 E. R. Vol. III., p. 90. ■^ E. R. Vol. IV., p. 231. ' •'• Richard Smith appointed administrator Dec. 5. 1679. THE WALLUM POND ESTATES 27 acres and his son, Joseph, the next hest 200 acres hefore the rest of the estate was disposed of. Nicholas Power, 4th, bought Joseph's 200 acres, and, May 24, 1743, with his mother, sold the entire 1294 acres to Dr. Robert Gibbs, one of the prominent ph}sicians of the Colony, 500 pounds being the sum named. Dr. Gibbs sold 96>^ acres of this land to Jeremiah Ballard, of Smithfield, Sept. 30, 1766, another lot west of Buck Hill corner to one Thayer, and the rest of this estate was broken up among his children after his death. The partition of the Gibbs estate by the Inferior Court took place in June, 1770. TJie Early Settlers. The 96j/2 acres bought of Dr. Gibbs by Jeremiah Ballard, extended roughly from just north of the natural outlet of the pond, back of O' Neil's Camp to a short distance below the pres- ent Sanborn house and included the water privileges of Clear River and the site of the present sanatorium buildings. Bal- lard had doubtless been impressed with the value of the water privileges at the outlet of the pond while surveying the Capt. John Whipple farm on Allum Pond Hill and he must be given credit for first developing the water power. Ballard built a small one-story dwelling house, a cornmill and a sawmill west •of the Clear River bridge and cleared a small piece of land, as, in his deed of sale, fences are mentioned. The dwelling house and mills were probably built soon after his purchase of the property in 1766, as pioneers were coming into this section rap- idly and they were very dependent on grist mills. Old residents loved to tell of the settlers coming to this grist mill in dead of winter, each man on snowshoes with a bag of corn on his back. The Allom Pond Farm, so called, (recently the James H. Singleton Farm) was originally surveyed from common land by Jeremiah Ballard and Thomas Herendeen for Capt. John Whipple, a prominent Providence man of that period. Whipple, like Power, had evidently allowed his purchase rights in the first seven divisions of land to accumulate until after 1723, when he was entitled to 323 acres. The farm was said to contain 330 acres and extended to the Colony line on the North, to the pond •on the west, and to Power's land below the present railroad on 28 THE EARLY SETTLERS the south. Capt. Wliipple sold the farm which had previously been leased to Jeremiah Brown, to his son. Joseph Whipple. Jan. 4, 1768. John Rowland bought the Capt. Whipple farm of the latter's son, Joseph, in 1770. and sold in small lots to William, James, Joseph, and Thos. Rowland, Ezra Stone, John Alger and others who cleared the lands and made their home there. Ezra Stone lived where the stone house is now located, half a mile east of the present Singleton house. In February, 1773, Jacob Eddy bought a lot of Joseph Eddy and built a house on what is usually known as the King ])lace, about a half a mile south of the sanatorium on the location of the present vegetable garden. Hoziel Hopkins bought this place of Jacob Eddy, Oct. 29. 1773. and lived there nearly 20 years. One of Joseph Eddy's hunting experiences in this region is thus recorded in the proceedings of the General Assembly, Feb. 26, 1739-40: 'AVhereas Joseph Eady of Gloucester, in the County of Providence, produced a certificate from Andrew Brown, Esq., a Justice of the Peace, in said Gloucester, that he had presented to his view an old wolf's and seven young creature's heads, which the said Eady made oath, were wolve's heads, and that he killed the old wolf and destroyed the young ones, all within this government ; It is thereupon resolved, that the bounty on the old wolf's head be allowed, and no more, it being uncertain whether the young creatures were wolves or not. God save the King." The reader will readily appreciate this legislative dilemma, but must draw his own conclusions as to whether the difficulty was due to the cunning of Joseph Eddy, the scepticism of Justice Brown, or to the wolf with atypical ofifspring. The Highway. On April 13. 1772. on the i)etition of Enoch Whipple and others for a highway from Allum Pond Hill to Pascoag, the Glocester Town Council appointed Joseph Eddy. Jonathan Harris and Thomas Herendeen. a committee to lay out the road and report. On October 19th of the same year, the return of the highway was accepted. The highway leading l)y the Sanatorium buildings was built shortly before June, 1793, when it is men- tioned in an old deed as a new road. Randall Angell said that THE WALLUM POND ESTATES 29 previously there had been a cart path from Ballard's mill past his house to Pascoag over much the same course as the present highway. Before Burrillville was set off from Glocester, Courts and Town meetings were sometimes held in the Smith Greene house. (First one on the back road to the Putnam pike.)^ TJic Revolution. On September 19, 1776, the Town Council sought to encourage enlistments for the protection of Newport liy offering 3 pounds as a bonus in addition to the regular pay given the State troops and by promising to replace the firearms furnished by each soldier if it should be taken from him by a stronger power. A record of the meeting of the Town Council on May 5th, 1777, shows that the State draught included the following land-owners of the Allum Pond neighborhood : Ezra Stone. Jeremiah Ballard, Jethro Lapham, John Rowland, Jr., James Stone and Thomas Herendeen., who were to serve under Col. Chad Brown. TJic Jen lies. Timothy Jenne of Uxbridge, Mass., bought Ballard's sawmill, gristmill and other property Sept. 30, 1778. During the next few years Jenne cleared the land on his farm, the extent of this clearing being greater than is indicated by the present open space about the Sanatorium buildings. The land west of the present buildings was used as a pasture about half way to the Lake, the cattle using the spring just below the West Ward. The pine grove l)etween the Sanatorium buildings and the Superintendent's cottage and the one south of the sewage plant have gradually grown up since 1858. In 1786, Timothy Jenne's brother, Seth. a carpenter, came to Allum Pond and bought SSy, acres of the southern part of the Jenne farm. During the same year the Jenne brothers built a dam and mill at the lowest mill privilege which was on Seth's land and but a stone's throw east of the present boiler house. This mill privilege was soon sold in shares often as small as sixteenths to John Rowland, John Kim- ball, Daniel Hunt and others, who sold it back and forth to each other with bewildering frequency. Many owners probably sold 1 Mrs. George Sly so quoted her father in a statement to the writer. 30 THE JENNES their shares as soon as they had got out what himber they wished for their own Ijuildings. Timothy Jenne sold the Ballard mills and dwelling house to Chad Field, who immediately sold it to Jacob Lathrop and Seth Hayward. In order to safeguard the lower mill privilege, Jenne, five days later, bought Ijack from Field a limited privilege couched in the following language: "I Chad Field etc., do grant to Seth & Timothy Jenne a privilege to draw water through my grist mill dam to su])port a sawmill at all times when the water is above the lower i)art of the letter T on the north side of a rock at the upper end and south side of the South ditch where the water runs from Allum Pond to my grist mill and I do bind myself to keep a gate sufficient in my gristmill dam to dam water as above mentioned — I bind myself not to turn the water out of the place where it now runs to the sawmill except what water the mill makes use of to water his land, — and I do grant a privilege to turn the water out of my grist mill ])ond to water his land sufficiently 2 nights in a week and no more from the 15th day of the 4th month to the 15th day of the 7th month." A natural outlet to the pond was the north ditch which led l)v a gradual descent throtigh a swam]) back of the place which is now O'Neil's Camp. This outlet was not suit- able for the development of water power and was stopped by an artificial eml)ankment plainlv visil)le from the i^ond at this da}'. During high water the overflow is still sufficient to fill this brook. On June 5, 1793. Timothy Jenne bought back from Seth Jenne about an acre of land a few rods below the lower sawmill as a site for a fulling mill, but there is no evidence that this mill was ever built. Timothy, or possibly his brother, built a new house near the site of the first Sanatorium barn, the cellar hole of which was still to be seen when the Sanatorium opened in 1*'05. This house had disapj^eared before 1840, according to old resi- dents. Timothy Jenne probably died abottt 1812. and with his wife, Abigail, and some of his seven children, were said to have l)cen buried in the little burying ground which was located under the site of the Sanatorium Fast \\\'ird\ Some of the old head 1 Statcnunt \o the writer by Setli Darling, Micliacl McDcrmott and otliers. THE WALLUM POND ESTATES 31 stones were marked Jenne and skeletons were exhumed during the excavation for the foundation of this building. William Green claimed that a burial took place there as late as 1850. Jacob Jenne, Timothy's son, married Thos. Howland's daughter, Dorcas, who lived to be over 100 years old. It is of some inter- est to know that an inventory of Jacob Jenne's goods at his death in 1816, showed 1 bushel of corn and 25 bushels of rye but no wheat and that Dorcas had 13 pewter plates valued at $1.50 each, 9 pewter spoons, 3 pewter platters, a pair of weaving looms and warping bars. They kept 2 cows, a pair of oxen, a pig and 2 geese. The King Place James King bought the place where the Sanatorium garden is now located, of Hoziel Hopkins, Feb. 5, 1793. The old house was a few feet west of the present cellar hole and the barn a little farther west. Hopkins and King cleared the land to the southward about half the way to the Buck Hill road. Either Hopkins or King cleared and drained the large swamp to the westward where the cranberry bog is now located by ditching the swamp itself and also by turning the little l)rook, which enters the south end of the cranberry bog, eastward across the present Sanatorium garden^ and the highway so that this water reached Clear River without entering the swamp or the i)ond. The swamp was then cultivated and was very fertile. Samuel White is quoted as saying that it grew the biggest corn of any place in this vicinity. Consideral)le land was cleared east of the highway where the old apple trees may still l)e seen. At this time King kept a lot of stock, about 40 head, according to Levi Darling, and for many years he owned a share in and operated the lower sawmill opposite the present boiler house. He died on the old place, his will being probated Jan. 2. 1819. His wife. Hannah, and daughter. Keziah. probably lived there some time afterward, as his will provided that his son. James, should keep one cow and four sheep for each of them for the rest of their natural lives. James King, 2nd, lived in this vicinity until 1822, ^ The ditch was visihle until filled hy ploughing a few years ago. 32 THE AZARIAH PHILLIPS PLACE when he moved to Pennsylvania. The old King house^ probahly rotted down as there was rotten timber but no house there after 1840. The farm came into the possession of Dr. Levi Eddy, King's son-in-law, who held it until his death in 1844. After passing through the hands of Stephen Arnold, and Enos La- pham. at one time Lieutenant-Governor of the State, the King place was bought by Benjamin Green. About 1852. Green built a new house somewhat nearer the road where the cellar hole may yet be seen. The well is still used by the Sanatorium farm employees. Green had a barn or shed about 100 feet to the north of his house. The Green house burned down while occupied by Edward Wells about 1893. His wife had left the place to carry her husband's dinner and returned to find it in flames. The Green barn was moved to Pascoag about this time. Whether cranberries vvere ])resent in the old bog before James King drained and converted it into a cornfield is unknown, but cranljerries were growing there by 1848'-. About 1860, Green built a dam high enough to flood the bog 3 or 4 feet to prevent the vines being frost killed. W. H. Green claimed that over 500 bu. of cranberries were raised here in one season. The Aaariah Phillips Place. Azariah Phillips bought a few acres of land northeasterly of the present Sanborn house. Nov. 20. 1795. and built a small house. He was a cooper h\ trade and operated a lathe to get out his stock. He made fiddles, baskets, old-fashioned splint-l)ottom chairs and other furnishings. Azariah Phillips died shortly before Jan. 19, 1837, at which time his will was probated. His widow afterward kept house for Randall Angell and while picking up chi])s was killed by a buck sheep. Benjamin Sweet afterward lived in this house, and still later it was occupied by negroes. The house was taken down by Benjamin Green about 1850. when ready to collapse. ^ Statement to the writer by Seth Darling, Win. Green and others. - Thos. Green to writer. THE WALLUM POND ESTATES 33 First Cotton Mill. Bani Phillips bought the old Ballard gristmill of Hayward and Lathrop, Sept. 20, 1804, and Jan. 25, 1805. respectively, and soon after built a small cotton mill on this site. The exact date of the building of the mill is not known but must have been before Oct. 12, 1812, when he sold it fully equipped. During the next 1 1 years this mill was owned in whole or in part by Jeremiah, David, Robert, Harley, and Ostrander Phillips and George Lindley, who bought and sold it to each other until in December, 1819, the Court of Common Pleas was called upon to unravel the tangle. The sawmill and gristmill were located just west of the highway bridge over Clear River, and the old Ballard house was a little northwest of the bridge. Only the central part of the house now owned by Sylvester Angell, just southwest of the bridge, was then in existence, the ells having been built later. All these buildings were awarded to David Phillips with the exception of one-half of the house southwest of the bridge, which, with the Howland farm, was set oft" to Jeremiah Phillips and George Lindley, July 28, 1820. Harley Phillips later got possession and sold to Peleg Walker, who died soon after he bought it. David IVilkinson^. David Wilkinson, a manufacturer, of North Providence, bought the cotton mill and other mills June 30, 1822, the price named being $4,150. The cotton mill burned down some time before June 15, 1825, when he sold the water rights of Allum Pond to the Blackstone Canal Company. The company bought with the idea of storing the flood water and using it as a feeder for the canal. Clear River being a tributary of the Blackstone. Wilkinson stipulated that all the water drawn from the pond should pass through the flume of his mill and that the flood water reserved should be drawn off each year before Jan. 1st. After the burning of his cotton mill, David \\'ilkinson bought 1 The writer is uncertain whether this David Wilkinson was the David Wilkinson who invented a sliding lathe, and whose sister became the wife of Samuel Slater. 34 THE SECOND COTTON MILL various properties of both wood and impru\-ed lands al)Out Allum Pond. He owned and operated both sawmills and carried on lumbering operations and charcoal luirning on an extensive scale. He built a wood road leading from the mill southwesterly to the Buck Hill road. This road leads to a peat bog about a mile from the Sanatorium. On this road there were formerly at least two houses where people made hoops\ The Second Cotton Mill. Wilkinson became involved in del)t and John ^^d^ipple, as assignee for his estate, sold the entire Allum Pond property on May 7, 1831. to Levi Darling and others for $2,000.00. Darling moved his family into the old Phillips house, added on the two ells and planted the three maple trees in the front yard which are there to-day. About 1835. Darling built a shingle mill on the site of the old cotton mill. \\'hen the second cotton mill was built the shingle mill was taken down. The firm of Sweet and James ( Philip Sweet and Albert G. James) leased the upper mill privileges from the Darlings, Aug. 3, 1844. Levi Darling built a new dam on the site of the old one just back of his house, where it may still be seen. The dam and gate at the outlet of the lake were raised and the old log dam at the north outlet was also raised and strengthened. Darling liuilt a two-story frame building 50 feet long by ?)7 feet wide for the factory and installed a water wheel 18 feet in diameter. He also built a cot- ton house and sizing house. Albert James sold his interest in the firm, .Sept. 11, 1845, to Lovell Parker and Joseph Bowdish (1810-1900) and the next spring ( May 1, 1846) Ste])hen Tall- man replaced Parker and Bowdish. The cotton was drawn from Providence and the cloth sold there to Amos D. Lockwood & Co., who received a 5 ])er cent commission on all goods bought and sold. Sweet and Tallman complained that the water power was insufficient, and this must have been true because of the low ele\ation of tin' mill ])ond. The mill em])loved about 2S persons and created a demand for more house room for o])era- '■ Svlvcstor AiiKrll to writer. THE WALLUM POND ESTATES 35 tives. In the summer of 1845. Daniel Kimhall built a dwelling house about 50 feet to the west of the highway and almost directly in front of the present location of the Superintendent's cottage, on land owned by his mother, Serina Kimball. His wife, Eliza, for several years kept boarders who worked in the mill. That same summer, Abel Robbins bought a half acre lot extending both sides of the highway near the road which now enters the rear of the Sanatorium Ijuildings and built a two- tenement house. Part of the excavation for the first Sanatorium barn was in the cellar of the Robbins house. The old Timothy Jenne house was located but a few feet farther to the northwest. This house had been gone sometime when the Robbins house was built. Abel Robbins' son, Gilbert, who afterward became Mayor of Providence, lived here. This same year, Levi Darling moved the Jenne house which stood on the knoll south of the Sanatorium tennis court to its present position as the Wallum Lake Store. After it was moved, this house formed the south end of the upper story of the present house, the north end and basement being new\ DarHng also built a small store at the turn of the road, about 20 yards north of the bridge over Clear River. The old Ballard house was still used as a tenement and a blacksmith shop was built near the store. April 2. 1847, Tall- man and Sweet sold the machinery of the mill to Benedict Lapham for $481. The list of machinery shows that there were 64 spindles. The Laphams Arc Balked. Benedict Lapham obtained a five-year lease from the Darlings on August 14th of the same year. Enos Lapham, wdio after- ward became Lieutenant-Governor of the State, was overseer in this mill. For over four years, the Laphams ran the mill suc- cessfully. They then endeavored to buy out Darling and thus obtain complete control of the water privilege with the intention of developing an extensive manufacturing plant. Had this hap- pened, the mills would probably have been located near the lower - Seth Darling (1829-1907) to writer. 36 THE WOOLEN MILL water privileges, as the two upper privilges were too near the level of Wallum Pond to allow of the power being fully devel- oped or economically used. It is said on good authority that a deed conveying the whole Darling property to Lapham was drawn and signed by both Darling and Lapham and that it was rendered void by the refusal of Hannah Darling to sign unless she received an additional $500 for herself. Whatever reason ]\Irs. Darling may have had for her action, her refusal to sign the deed was a turning point in history, for had the Laphams acquired the property, their business ability, influence and money would probably have resulted in the development of a manufac- turing village at Wallum Pond. Tlic Woolen Mill. After the departure of the Laphams, Darling leased the fac- tory to George W. Marsh, Augustus Hopkins, \\'alling & Hop- kins and Syria Sherman. After this firm gave up, another firm tried to run it as a woolen mill but lasted only about six months. After several sales, mortgages, etc., to Marsh and others, Edward H. Marsh, on July 31, 1860. sold all the w^ater rights to the outlet of Wallum Pond, the price named being $7,500, and the control of the outlet has been held by Bridgeton manufac- turers ever sin'.e. The mill was afterward taken down and moved to Manchaug, Mass., where it was used in the constrvic- tion of a milP. The store was also moved to the same place, where it was converted into a dwelling house. The little house above the factory, built by Ballard, which had been used as a dwelling by Benjamin Greene, was used for an ice house until 1880, when it was taken down. The Robbins house was bought and moved to Mapleville by Daniel Kimball. Kimball's house was moved to Pascoag, where it still stands near the shop of the Inman Lumber Company. The cellars of the Kiml)all, Robbins and Jenne houses were filled in 1906. Daniel Kimball's barn, the foundation of which is still visible about 200 feet north of the Sanatorium Laundry on the same side of the highway, was 1 William Gwvn ( 1S41- ) to writer. A WALLUM POND BOY WHO BECAME MAYOR OF PROVIDENCE IN 1887 FNOS LAPHAM A WALLUM POND MILL SUPERINTENDENT WHO BECAME LIEUTENANT GOVERNOR OF RHODE ISLAND IN 1888 Cotirtesy of Providence Journal THE WALLUM POND ESTATES Z7 moved to Centredale about 1880 by Edward Sayles. Levi Dar- ling sold all his Wallum Pond property, Nov. 9, 1863, to Seth Ross and Sylvester Angell and moved to Douglas, ]\Iass. In March, 1868, Sylvester Angell bought out Ross and thus became sole ov^rner. The Civil War. The boys from Wallum Pond neighborhood who fought to save the Union were : Alfred Angell, Sabin Angell. Olney Arnold, Amasa Buxton, Thomas Greene, William Greene, Ben- jamin Horton, Jerome Horton, Andrew Rowland, James Riley, Mowry Salisbury, Judson \\^adkins, John Friery, Wellington Daw, James M. Vickers and Emory WHiite. James Riley was wounded at Fredericksburg, and Amasa Buxton and Jerome Horton died in the service. W^hen the boys returned they noticed a striking change, as the mill and many of the dwellings had been moved away. The Pond Traditions. A dugout boat with carving believed to have been made by Indians, was seen by Ezra Stone. 2nd\ when a young man. Joseph Bowdish found and raised a sunken dugout boat and used it for carrying charcoal across the Pond". A dugout boat was also seen liy Daniel Buxton- and others. Sylvester AngelP found and used an old dugout boat many years ago which showed no trace of Indian workmanship. Quite possibly, all these men saw the same boat, which might have been preserved almost indefinitely if sunk. It had been cut out with an axe or similar tool. If made by the Indians, it must have been in later years after acquiring white men's too's. It is much more likely that it was made bv the early settlers before the first sawmill in 1766. The pond is, for the most part, spring fed, so that a swimmer notices many cold spots. It is from 30 to 50 feet deep in most 1 Wm. Kimball to writer. - Thomas O'Neil to writer. 3 Statement to writer. 38 THE POND TRADITIONS places, and. in the middie, north of Long Cove, soundings have been made 79 feet lielow high water. A small brook which drains the cranberry bog enters the south cove ; another enters the north end ; and in high water, two tiny streams enter on the west and one on the east side. The beach at the north end has exceptionally sharp sand which, as late as 60 years ago was used in making rifles used in sharpening" scythes^. Before 1850. a man by the name of Nathan Stone was drowned just off the big rock where the Sanatorium water intake pipe is at present located'-. He had gone out after wild geese and the ice broke under him. Still earlier, a fisherman fell from an old scow that had been used to carry logs across the pond to the mills, and was drowned-. Francis Whiting, a boy 10 or 12 years old, while bathing at the north end, stepped into a hole and drowned. The Lime Rock Fishing Club, which rented the house north of the Superintendent's Cottage, lost one of its members by drowning sometime after 1893. The man was trying to pick up a fish hook and line which had caught on the bottom. Pickerel and perch fishing were very good up to the time the lake was stocked with bass, which was sometime about 1860. When Daniel Kimball was fishing through the ice in Long Cove one time'', the ice separated and left open water between him and the shore. He was obliged to wait until sometime after dark, when the ice cake drifted ashore at the mouth of the cove. While the mill was running well under the Laphams, Parker Bowdish and other emplovees had a small sail boat. !Many ok! people say that Caleb Eldridge swam the whole length of the pond in a race in which his opponent was unable to finish. His name appears on an old deed in 1799. Some time al)out 1880, a panther escaped from a circus in \\'ebster and was seen occa- sionally in the Douglas woods for over a year. Wild i)igeons were plentiful here as elsewhere and were killed as late as Levi ^ Scth Ross to writer. ' Mr. and Mrs. Seth Darling to writer. •'' Sylvester Angcll to writer. THE WALLUM POND ESTATES 39 Darling's time. Foxes, coons and rabbits are still numerous to the southwest of the pond. Otter and mink were present in W'allum Pond many years ago^ and probably are still present. In the old days, there were beaver on Clear River near Wilson's Pond". Horace Whiting caught an otter in the Whiting Pond in the Buck Hill district about 1895. an occasional mink, the last one in the Lewis Brook in 1920. and, during the last 30 years, has shot 89 foxes, most of them in the Buck Hill woods. A rattlesnake was killed in the woods south of the tennis court since I860''. The pine grove back of the Superintendent's cottage used to be a ball ground when the mill was running. On the west shore of the pond, near the north end. is a clay deposit which was used in the old days for making brick. The brick yard was located near the Providence Ice Company's house, where, until recently, traces of brick could be found. The chimney brick in many of the old houses of this vicinity came from this yard. These brick were small, irregular and very hard. The brick yard was alian- doned, perhaps, before 1800. TJic Sanborn House. Stephen Collins, whfi worked a long time for Levi Darling, built a small house on the hill south of the Sanatorium, having bought the land of Darling April 17, 1840. Collins sold to Mason W. Porter, a shoemaker, March 6, 1854. Porter sold Nov. 8, 1858, to an Englishman by the name of Wm. Prince, who was a woodchopper and who lived there with his wife and daughter until the property was bought by Thomas AI. Green. April 12, 1862. Green tore down the Collins house and rebuilt it with lumber obtained from the old cotton house in 1868. He worked in the Hopkins Machine Works and finally sold out to Hopkins & Co., April 6, 1898. Morton C. Sanl)orn, the care- taker of the Sanatorium buildings while they were under con- struction, bought the place July 28, 1905, shortly lie fore the 1 Judson Wadkins to writer. - Randall Angell to Sylvester Angell to writer. 3 William Green to writer. 40 THE TWO LOWER MILL PRIVILEGES Sanatorium opened. He put the buildings in repair and it has been rented to Sanatorium employees ever since. The Two Loiver Mill Privileges. About 1820, a turning lathe was in operation just below the Clear River bridge. The middle mill privilege near the present swimming pool was developed about 1844, the sawmill and grist- mill which had been at the upper privilege having been moved here to make room for the second cotton factory. The mills were close together so that one could step from one to the other, the grist mill being on the east and the sawmill on the west side of the dam. These mills had an advantage over most of the mills dependent on water power, as there was a large reserve of water in W^allum Pond. During dry spells, the old gristmill was often run both night and day, and corn has many times been brought out here from Providence for grinding. Svlvester Angell put in the first iron water wheel and the first circular saw, wooden wheels and up and down saws having been used previously. The gristmill was closed about 1867 and a cider mill installed in its place. Mr. Angell continued to operate the sawmill occasionally until it burned in January, 1907. It had been necessary in the old days to have two mill privileges, as there was such a demand for both grinding corn and sawing lumber, but, as the demand lessened, the lower mill opposite the Sanatorium boiler house was allowed to rot down, which occurred before 1845. The upper mill pond was formerly used for skating, as it froze over much earlier than W'allum Pond. The Adam White Road. Opposite the entrance to the driveway approaching the front of the Sanatorium is an old wood road leading eastward through the pine grove across Clear River and over the railroad to the east road from Wallum Pond Hill to Pascoag. This wood road was formerly a highway, having been laid out June 27, 1812\ and abandoned before 1840. Between the railroad and the east highway, was the Adam White farm, formerly l)elonging to 1 Burrillvillc Tdwn Covmcil Records, Vol. 1. page 30. THE WALLUM POND ESTATES 41 William Clark. The house at the junction of this road with the east highway belonged to Samuel ^\'hite. This house was burned by a forest fire, about 1910, and the barn removed in 1920. Samuel White hired and boarded women who worked hand looms in the basement of his house, the yarn being obtained from mills in the vicinity. In excavating for the cellar of his house, a skeleton was exhumed which tradition says was of a man of un- usual height. In the old days, a cart path^ led northerly from the Adam White place along a low ridge coming out near George Stone's tannery. A house on this path was at one time occupied by Asahel Alger. A Cure ill Early Times. In view of the later development of a health centre at A\'allum Pond, it is of interest to learn of a consumptive treated in this vicinity in 1850. Ara Paine-, then a boy of 14, after about three years of cough, expectoration, blood-spitting and other symp- toms, was given up as a hopeless consumptive by his physician. Hisgrandmother. Prudence (1772-1851 ), wife of the Rev. Moab Paine, received him into her home, about two miles easterly of the Sanatorium, and not only cheered, rested and fed him well, as grandmothers are wont to do, but removed the two large windows from his bedroom that he might have the open air, night and da}'. Several months of this regimen started him on the road to health which has lasted through his 50 years in the practice of medicine and still persists after 71 years have passed away. The Peters Place. In going from W'allum Pond toward Pascoag in P)05. one passed through about two miles of woodland, much of which had been cleared by the old settlers, and which had since grown up to woods. The Sanatorium, in making its garden, had cleared about 10 acres of woodland west of the highway near the old King or Green place, while the opposite side of the road is to-day ^ Sylvester Angell to writer. - Dr. Ara Paine to writer. 42 THE SCOTT TRAGEDY woodland, where once there was meadow and orchard. About 1,500 feet beyond the King cellar hole on the left hand side of the road, is an apple tree. This tree was so straight and hand- some a shoot, about 55 years ago, that Seth Ross bought it for 50 cents, intending to set it out in his orchard and graft it ; ])Ut he postponed action until it was finally too large to transplant. This apple tree is near the cellar of the Peters house. Israel Peters (1788-1872), who lived here in 1827, built for the town the road over Buck Hill where there had been previously only a cart path. He afterward moved to East Boston, Conn. Rossel Burlingame bought the place in 1833 and lived here for a time. There was then an orchard, clover lot and pasture on the east side of the road. The buildings on this place which were stand- ing in 1835^ were gone before 1840. The Scott Tragedy. James Scott, an Irishman, cleared a patch of land on the west side of the Wallum Pond road at its junction with the Buck Hill road and built a shanty, where he usually lived alone, about 1856. He kept two cows, a pig, and a big black dog. He walked to and from his place of work in the White Mill, at Bridgeton, drank hard and had the reputation of being quarrelsome when intoxi- cated. He was missing one winter night and no trace of him was found until the ice broke up the next spring, when his body was found in Wilson's Pond. Although certain persons were sus- pected of foul play, no official action was ever taken. The Scott cabin was afterward taken to Chepachet by Jol) Smith. The Wells Place. A few rods before reaching the Buck Hill corner, a road on the left leads through the woods to the Wells place. Rossel Burlingame bought this farm of Levi Eddy, Oct. 11, 1834. Arnold Hunt and Dennis Hunt bought it in 1838, and. in 1839. sold to Silas and William Howard. Amasa Seamans, who had a wooden leg, bought it, Jan. 5. 1842, and lived there with a large family for many years. Seamans also owned the Israel ^ Scth Ross to writer. ALEX, ritchip: house ALFRED L. WELLS HOUSE OLNEY ANGELL HOUSE THE RED HOUSE THE SANBORN HOUSE O'NEILL'S CAMP THE WALLUM POND ESTATES 43 Peters place. He sold out to go to Minnesota, and Esten Angell (1809-1889), who had hought out the Seamans, sold to Alfred L. ^^'ells, Sept. 23, 1869. Wells and wife were living on this place up to ahout 1910. Since their death. Henry Johnson, who was a slave in Virginia hefore the Civil War, has occupied the house. In spite of his 84 years, he has few gray hairs, all his natural teeth, and is able to cut cord wood and enjoy life in a way which astonishes younger folks. The IF hip pic Angell Place. Continuing on the highway toward Pascoag about 500 feet beyond the Buck Hill Road, is a sharp turn to the right. On the east side of this turn, was a house which Whipple Angell (1793- 1862) bought of James Stone, May 23, 1829. There vv-ere seven acres of cleared land about this place. Angell never lived here but rented it to negroes and others. The barn belonging to this farm was carried to Marieville, North Providence, where it was still standing a few years ago. \n old road led easterly near this house across Clear River to the East Highway, thus giving a short cut for the Round Top folks to go over Buck Hill. This highway was abandoned by the town, May 20, 1809\ This place had so completely grown up to woods that lumljer was cut here, about 1910. The Chase Lot. A few rods further on and easterly of the highway, al)uut 100 feet north of Round Pond brook, was the house owned by Joseph and Ambrose Chase and later by other members of the Chase family from 1812 to 1825-.. The land was cleared quite extensively east of the road as shown l)v the stone walls and stone heaps. This farm had an orchard to the east side and woodland on the west of the road. The place was sold to Duty Esten, April 2, 1833. Asahel Alger built another house on this 1 Records of the Burrillville Town Council, Vol I. - The writer is uncertain whether this was a relative of, or the same Dr. Jos. Chase of Cumberland, who bought Elizabeth Gibbs' share of Dr. Gibbs' estate from James Burroughs, March 5, 1771. 44 THE PORTER PLACE site aljout 1860. There is a maple tree about 15 inches in diam- eter (1920) growing from the cellar. The next farm below the Chase lot had been originally laid out in the right of Stephen Dexter, Imt was cleared and occupied In- Randall Angell (1767-1855), who kept a hotel there at one time. The Porter Place. In going from ^^'allum Pond toward Thompson, a few rods after turning into the Ikick Hill Road, one passes Daniel Por- ter's old place. He l)ought 13 acres of land of Amasa Seamans, August 24, 1850. He was sometimes called Doctor and was said to have had a plentiful supply of pills, but is not known to have practiced here. He worked some at shoemaking ; his son, Alason W., was also a shoemaker and later lived at the Sanborn house. Porter cleared some of the land on both sides of the road, dug the well and built the stone walls which are there to-da_\-. \\\ digging his well, he found some clear pieces of quartz which were said to have been hard enough to cut glass a few times and which he thought were diamonds, a circumstance tliat i^rovoked enough neighborhood gossip and amusement to l;e remembered by the old timers. Nearly opposite this place is a wood road leading southwesterly to Round Pond. In 1855, Porter bought the Samuel Cruff farm and m^ved away. The Ward Place. On the northerly side of the Buck Hill road about a third of a mile westerly of its junction with the Sanatorium road near a large flat stone l)y a liar way is an old cellar and well. This has always been called the Ward Place, from Eugene, Hiram, and Win. Ward, who lived there at one time. The only interesting thing known about the Ward Place is how it came to end'. It was last occu])ied. about 1842, by Indians and negroes, who were guilty of various acts of mischief, including the throwing of a luill down the well. They did not move when Randall .\ngell, the owner, ordered them out, but, somewhat later, went down to ' Statcmcnl in writer hv Win. R. An.^cll and (ithers. THE WALLUM POND ESTATES 45 the sea shore for the summer. One night, Randall's son, Esten, and two neighhors, Hawkins and Ross, went to the Ward house. A few hours sawing of the heams made the old house collapse, and they returned to hed. When, the next day, a neighhor told Randall that the Ward house was flat, the latter appeared sur- prised and indignant. The lumher of this house went into Ran- dall Angell's cattle shed. The Twist Place. About half way between the Ward Place and the top of Buck Hill, on the north side of the highway, is the cellar of a house once occupied by Asa Twist. The house was probably there in 1806 on the separation of Burrillville from Glocester, as it is named in the Ijurrillville school records as a dividing line be- tween Wallum Pond and Buck Hill districts and it had probaljly disappeared before 1819, as it was not remembered by Esten AngelP. The Trask Place. One who ascends Buck Hill from the east and sees the masses of boulders which almost cover the ground can but marvel at the courage of one who would attempt to clear land and build a house there. Yet we find a good foundation and cellar a few feet from the north side of the road at the foot of the last pitch, and partly cleared land to the northward. William Trask, who claimed to have been a veteran of the War of 1812 and who lived to be 107 years old, owned this place as early as 1826; the house was gone and the place grown up to weeds before 1850. Round Pond. This pond, having an area of about 50 acres, lies deep in the woods about a mile and a half southwest of Wallum Pond and half a mile south of the Buck Hill road. The outlet on the east side has been deepened to allow the pond to be drawn down a little. According to Keech, friendly ^Mohawks trapped otter on Round Pond brook in the old days. On the northerly side of ^ Wm. R. Ans:ell to writer. 46 ROUND POND ROUND POND the Pond, al)out 200 feet from the shore, is a l)oulcler of about 12 feet in heighth and breadth, against which we are told a gang of counterfeiters once buiU their work hut. The chimney of this cabin was still standing 50 years ago, but now only the fireplace remains. On the northeasterly side of the Pond, near a large flat ledge, is a swampy ravine about 300 feet wide running northeasterly. The rocky ridge on the southern side of this ravine terminates about 1,000 feet from the pond at "Aloney Rocks." This small rocky cavern, in which tradition^ says the counterfeiters hid their tools and money is entered from above through a triangular opening, measuring" 34 by 38 l)y 49 inches. The cave is large enough to hold two or three men, but is not high enough to allow one to stand erect. Formerly the opening could be completely closed by a triangular flat stone which had been displaced from and which nicely fitted the aperture, but the opening has l)een enlarged in recent years by the action of the weather. It has always been believed that the tools and other incriminating evidences of their work were thrown into the Pond when the nature of the work was suspected. In his his- tory of Iku-rillville, Keech gives an interesting account of the detection and trial of these counterfeiters. He states that one of the counterfeiters became intoxicated at Brandv Hill Tavern in 1 Wm. R. Aiiiicll was sIkuvii Money Rocks by his grandfather, Esten Angell, and tlie latter l)y his fatlier, Randall Angell. .•^ THE COUNTERFEITERS DEN vS;' V^>>.- g^- ,, gp A COUNTERFEITERS DIE COON CAVE THE WALLUM POND ESTATES 47 Thompson and passed so much new counterfeit money as to arouse suspicion, which lead to his arrest. Among the suspected were Arnold Hunt and Zadoc Sherman (1783-1870), the latter, as a boy of 12, caught the men at their work^ and was admitted to the gang to induce him to hold his tongue. There is a tradi- tion that Arnold Hunt was put on trial for counterfeiting. No convictions were ever made, according to Keech. because it involved too many prominent people, some of whom were related to the Judge. There is good reason for thinking that part of their dies and other tools were made by Arnold Sayles (1773- 1860), who was a very able workman. The writer has seen some of the tools which Sayles is alleged to have made for these counterfeiters. One of these dies made for a coin about the size of a cjitarter is inscribed "Carlos III Dei Gratia 1789." These cotuiterfeit operations had previously ])een carried on in Thompson. The coimterfeiting at Round Pond covered a con- siderable period from about 1786 to 1795. Spanish money was counterfeited l)ecause it was in common use. A tradition per- sists that some of the dies were made in Canada and that some of the cotuiterfeit money was ptit in circulation in that country. On the south side of this pond, a short distance from the shore, is the cellar of the Stanfield housL'. Several acres had once been cleared al)out it. Al)out 1840, a man l)v the name of Robbins cleared tip several acres on the southeast shore, built a ca])in and lived there with his family-. He burned charcoal and carted it to Providence for sale. The Robbins cabin was a wreck by 1850, but the cellar and stone heaps can be plainly seen to-day in the thick woods where one would little expect them. The Buck Hill U'oods. The Btick Hill \\\:)ods is a wilderness of ridges and hills, thickly strewn with boulders and covered with scrub oak, broken by occasional high black oak or scrtib pine stumps which have been charred bv forest fires. The wood road, leading westerlv ^ Zadoc Sherman to Barton Jacobs to writer. - Sylvester Angell to writer. 48 THE BUCK HILL WOODS from the present Sanatorium pig hotise. divides at the top of the first ridge, and the left hand fork, after two or three hun- dred yards, leads to a high ledge of rocks of unusual appearance and known from the earliest times as Badger Mountain. Whether the name came from a supposed resemhlance to a badger or l^ecause this animal was at one time found there is not known. The wood road continues southwesterly al^out half a mile bevond Badger Mountain, where, in a depression of land. is a small pond about 200 feet long by 100 feet wide and 4 to 6 feet deep. This pond is fed by springs and yet is apparently without an outlet or running off brook. The easterly side of the pond, about its middle, was the site of William R. Angell's steam sawmill, about 1903. Six or seven hundred feet northwesterly of this pond is Goat Rock, a ledge about 80 feet long, with a perpendicular face on the easterly side. 15 to 20 feet high. \\'hy it is called Goat Rock, no one seems to know. It might well have been called "coon rock," as it seems to have l)een a favorite resort for raccoons. At the foot of the northerly end of the Goat Rock is a l)rook which in the springtime, is, perhaps, half the size of Clear River, and this lirook is believed to drain the Angell sawmill pond by an underground passage. After flowing about 100 feet on the surface, in direction a little west of south- west, it disappears underground to reappear later on its way to join the Leeson Brook. On the Buck Hill highway, six-tenths of a mile southeasterly of Orrin Whiting's, one crosses a brook which flows southwest- ern- into Ouadick Reservoir in Thompson and in its lower course, in the Buck Hill district, is known as the Lewis P)rook. This brook is formed by the union of several small l)rooks which rise in the Buck Hill woods westerly and southwesterly of the Sanatorium. The Leeson Brook, so named from one Leeson. who man}- years ago had a house and clearing near it, may be considered the main l)r(i()k in the sense that it is the longest, rises about eight-tenths of a mile west of the southern end of Wallum Pond and flows southerly, receivmg branches from the east. About a third of a mile northerly of the I'.uck Hill road, a ])rook •enters from the east called the "I'oih'ng Spring IVook." Follow- SYLVESTER ANGELL (left^ SETH ROSS (right) IN 1921 THE WALLUM LAKE STORE THE WALLUM POND ESTATES 49 ing lip this Ijrook in an easterly direction, aljout half a mile through Boiling Spring Cedar Swamp, one comes to the Boiling Spring, a circular spring, perhaps 8 feet in diameter, where the water, which is cold, can he seen to rise or "boil" up from the ground. A pole can be stuck in the bottom of the spring 10 or 15 feet, without reaching firm bottom. About 3C0 feet east- erly of this spring is a brook which comes from a swamp aliout 20 rods northeasterly of the cellar hole of the William Trask house. In high water this Ijrook runs overground into the Boil- ing Spring, but at other times it is lost underground, probably reappearing in the Boiling Spring Brook. The Trask Swamp Brook is drv in summer, but, no matter how dry the weather, the Boiling Spring pours out a generous stream of water. Al^out half a mile northerly of Goat Rock Brook is another brook which runs southeasterly into Leeson Brook. This brook starts in a swamp about half a mile southwesterly of Wallum Pond, dis- appears for some distance, and then reappears in a spring of water, very cold from its underground journey and called Cold Spring Brook. Leeson Brook, like its tributaries, has a trick of disappearing in some places in the upper part of its course. Coon Cave lies about half a mile westerly of the southern end of Wallum Pond in a ledge of rocks about 50 feet long by 10 feet high, facing the west. At the foot of the ledge is an open- ing in the rocks into wdiich a man can crawl about 15 feet. A torch shows man\- crevices and holes extending about 20 feet farther and large enough to form hiding places for animals. This small cave has been a favorite place for bats in summer time and many a coon and fox have here found safe retreat from hunters. On the westerly side of the ledge is a swampy pond hole about 200 feet long by 60 feet wide, filled with swamp huckleberry bushes of unusual height. This swamp drains northerly into a small pond of clear water of about the same size. A few rods westerly and in plain sight of this pond, is a prominent irregular ledge of rocks known as Rattlesnake Ledge. Over 50 years ago, Reuben Dudley spent 3 or 4 days about here catching rattlesnakes for a circus. The rattlesnakes were caught by pinning their heads to the ground with a forked stick and 50 THE CLEAR RIVER RESERVOIR CO. then seizing the snakes and depositing them in a bag. Dudley' caught 20 rattlesnakes, for which he was paid $100. On the easterly side of the pond, by Rattlesnake Ledge, is the running- out or outlet brook, which, after the fashion of Buck Hill streams, runs underground for a consideral)le distance. The water, though out of sight, can be heard on its way to W'alkun Pond. The reason for the disappearance of the brooks in the Buck Hill woods is found in the enormous number of boulders so thickly piled together that in many places one may walk for long distances without touching earth. The water, falling sev- eral feet through the crevices between these lx)ulders, which, in some places have a thin covering of moss, leaf mould, or loam, is often lost to sight and hearing. Tlic Clear River Reservoir Co. The value of \\'allum Pond as a reservoir for the Bridgeton mills has always been considera1)le. These mill owners are said to have paid Darling to open his gates at the outlet of the pond until these outlet gates were finally bought by INIarsh and later. Sept. 18, I860, by Augustus Hopkins of Bridgeton. The Clear River Reservoir Co., a chartered corporation, afterward leased Wilson's Pond, Sept. 20, 1866, and raised the dam 7 feet, thus enlarging Wilson's Pond. They also built a new dam and gate and deepened the trench at the outlet of Wallum Pond so that the pond can be drawn four feet lower than before. The old log dam at the north outlet was replaced by one of stone. Their questional)le deed to flow the land al)0ut Wallum Pond to any height was never carried out. The right of the Clear River Reservoir Co. to sell and market ice was sold to Wm. E. Bowen. March 23. 1900. O'XeiVs Camp. This land was originally sold from b)hn Howland's farm and at one time l)elonged to Howland Kiml)all. The name of Xehe- 1 In a newspaper account a few years before his deatli, it was stated that Dudley, w^lio frequently hunted in the Douglas and Buck Hill woods, had caught or killed 700 coons, 150 foxes, 21 otter, 67 rattlesnakes and 250 swarms of wild bees. This statement is credited by reliable persons- who knew him. THE WALLUM POND ESTATES 51 miah Kimball, who formerly lived on this place, begins to appear in the deeds as early as 1815. He at first lived in a log hovise on the south side of the road\ After a i&w years, he built a frame house on the north side of the road, where the cellar hole is still readily seen. He married Cyrene. daughter of Israel Aldrich. a farmer on Wallum Pond Hill, and lived on the O'Neil place until his death in 1849. His wife lived here as late as 1860 and then lived in Mapleville with her son, Daniel. This house was bought ])}■ a man named Moore, who moved it to Pascoag for a fish market. Mrs. Kimball sold the place to James Dockery in 1864. John Riley owned the place from 1872 until 1903, when it was bought by the Pascoag Fishing Club, so called. Thos. O'Neil and seven other men, each of whom owned two or three- twentieths of the property. The small cabin built in 1894 was replaced bv the present camp in 1903. ^Ir. O'Xeil, who con- ducted the place, gave clambakes and entertained fishermen and others. The Railroad. The origin of the Providence and Springfield Railroad, which was built to Pascoag in 1872-1873, was described to the writer by the late William Tinkham, the Harrisville manufacturer, who was President of this railroad, substantially as follows : — "The water furnishing insufficient power for the mills, we had burned wood largely up to 1872, when the wood was pretty well cut ofif and we were so far in the country that it was too expen- sive to haul coal over the road. I met Albert L. Sayles in the Arcade in Providence one day and said to him, A\'e must build a railroad up there, and we can't get on without it.' Mr. Sayles said, 'Yes, but we can't do it alone ; we must get someone to help." I went to my office and wrote an article for the Proz'i- deucc Journal, and Mr. Danielson, the editor, wrote an editorial. After one month's advertisement and agitation, we tried to sell stock and got $200,000 easily. The trains started to run in August, 1873." The plans for the extension from Pascoag to ^ Mrs. Nehcmiah Kimball, Jr., to writer. 52 • THE RED HOUSE ON THE HILL Southbridge. passing by the east and north sides of \\'aUum Pond, were made July 11, 1891, and most of the deeds of the property to the railroad for this extension were made in 1892 and 1893. Service between Pascoag and Southbridge was dis- continued for a time but was recommenced after the erection of the State Sanatorium. The Providence to Southbridge line was sold to the New York, Xew Haven & Hartford Railroad Company Oct. 30, 1905, the sum named being $569,195. The Red House on the Hill. This house, near the southern end of Wallum Pond Hill with a commanding view toward Pascoag, was originally part of the Capt. John Whipple farm and later of the John Howland farm. It was subser|uently bought by the Phillipses, who owned the factory and who probably used it for their mill employees. On the division of the Phillips's mill estate by the court, Israel Aldrich bought this place. Dutee Logee once lived here. \Miile the mills were running, Daniel Kimball, Aldrich's grandson, had a good country store in this house, and, at one time, Sabin Mil- lard had a saloon with a bowling alle}- in the basement. Joseph Bowdish and Lovell Parker lived there for a time. Martin H. Smith sold the place to James Dockery, July 7, 1860. Dockery was a big Irishman who had a large family. There is a tradi- tion that there was once a distillery for moonshine corn whiskey in the woods about a half mile east of the Wallum Lake Station. In 1872 this place was sold to John Riley and .Alfred Angell (1841-1884), who lived there together until Riley bought out Angell. Riley sold to the Pascoag Fishing Club, so called. May 7, 1903, from whom it was bought by Mr. Singleton. Since then, it has been for the most part unoccupied. The barn burned down about 1907. This place was considered as a site for the Sanatorium before the present site was purchased. Quarries. About a mile from the Wallum Lake Depot, toward Pascoag, on both sides of the railroad one sees where stone has been quar- ried. This work began almost immediateh- after the building of THE WALLUM POND ESTATES DO the railroad. Henry Mathewson, of Providence, took a 50 years lease of six acres on the southwesterly side of the railroad. Sept. 21, 1893. The land on the opposite side of the track was leased to John Leavet, who, until 1906, quarried stone there and also near the Providence Ice Company's spur track at the north end of the pond, where much Ijuilding stone had been obtained in the old days. The quarry near the ice house was in a ledge formerly called the Snake Den. This stone was said to be a granite good for foundations. l)Ut not good enough for monuments, as it con- tained mica which fell out and left pits. The granite used in the construction of the Boston Dry Dock was obtained from these quarries. The JJ'aUitni Pond School. In May, 1800, the Glocester Town Council appointed a com- mittee to divide the town into school districts. The \\'allum Pond district was No. 1 and extended south on the Connecticut line to Henry Pollock's, then eastward by the south side of James King's, about half a mile south of the Sanatorium, to Cyrus Logee's, about a mile northeasterly of the Sanatorium and then northward by Lippitt Eddy's to the Massachusetts line. Cyrus Logee^ was the first to be given a certificate to teach in the Wallum Pond district. The old schoolhouse stood on the nortli side of the east highway leading from \\'allum Pond Hill to Pas- coag and a little east of the highway leading from the Ezra Stone or Friery place to the first mentioned highway. When this schoolhouse became old and badly in need of repair, a new one was built in the triangular area where the road from Douglas meets the east road from Wallum Pond to Pascoag. about a quarter of a mile south of the present Singleton house. While it was natural that the factory people should prefer the new site, and Capt. Samuel White and the Logees, the old site, as being nearer to each neighborhood respectively, the bitterness of the quarrel over the two sites so near each other seems amusing at this date. About 1843-, the matter was compromised by moving 1 Records of the Glocester Town Council. - Statement of Sylvester Angell, who saw the schoolhouse moved. 54 GEORGE STONE the new schoolhouse half way hetween the two sites, where, on the side hill, it could hardly have been satisfactory to anyone. Most of the larger children worked while the mill was running, when the school sometimes declined in number to two or three pupils. During slack time at the factory because of shortage of water, etc., the number of pupils increased to about thirty. This school, with its rattling windows, many wasps, few children and a fifteen-year-old school teacher, made a bad impression on Ellen WakefiekP, in 1856. Sometime in the fifties, James Riley recalls seeing a man teacher named Kenyon deposited in the woodbox by Alfred Angell, Emory White and William Green. In later times, Burrillville changed the district to exclude the Buck Hill region and extended it southerly to include the A. S. Wells house. The school census shows the enrollment in later years to have been as follows: 1885, 11 ; 1886, 11 ; 1887, 9; 1888, 14; 1889, 13; 1890, 13; 1891. 12; 1892, 9; 1893, 6. In early years the school was taught by Preserved Alger ; and in the early fifties, and probably earlier, by Emily King, whose efficiency is still a tradition. In the fifties and sixties, the school was taught by Sarah Wakefield, Mar}- Paine, Nancy Paine, Nancy Howland, Susan Page and Ellen Paine. In the early eighties by Grace Blake and Maria L. Ross. In the late eighties and nineties, some of the teachers were Lillian Bailey, Maggie Shea and Ella M. Thayer. The school was discontinued in April, 1893, because of the small number of pupils and the school house burned a few years afterward. George Stone. On the right hand side of the road running from the school- house corner to the Friery farm, there stood, in the old days, a large two-story gamljrel-roof house with two large barns, corn crib and orchard, owned by George Stone. Mr. Stone oj^erated a large cooper shop, wheelwright shop and blacksmith shop; which he bought of Ezra Stone May 17, 1803. On the o])posite side of the road was a horsepower cider mill, and at the school- ^ Statement to writer. THE WALLUM POND ESTATES 55 house corner on the south side of the road, near a good spring, were the tannery vats or tubs, parts of which were seen as late as 1850. Mr. Stone's business had disappeared Ijefore 1840, the house standing perhaps until 1850. Many individuals of the Stone, Alger and neighboring families were buried in the Stone burying ground north of the George Stone house, near the Friery farm. The Jlgcrs. Two brothers, Joshua and Preserved Alger, at one time lived in a two-family house on the south side of the road, east of George Stone's corner. The house stood al)out opposite the recently disused highway leading to the Duty Logee place. In later years John Riley and James Riley lived there. Half of the house was torn down by the latter and the remainder took fire, from ashes left in a barrel, and burned\ Joshua Alger, who bought the old school-house which stood on the north side of the road, and east of the George Stone corner, built an addition to it and occupied it for some time. \Mien beyond repair, this house was torn down by Patrick Friery. Enoch AiigeU's Place. On the opposite side of the road from the Singleton house and a short distance southerly, was a small house and barn built by Ezra Stone for his son, Amos. The latter sold to Arnold Baker, who lived there in 1834. Baker's mortgage to Randall Angell was never paid, and the property passed through the hands of his son. Brown, to Brown's son^ Enoch (1832-1865). The lat- ter removed the foundation wall from one end of the house in excavating for a new addition, and a heavy wind storm tipped the house over and it was allowed to rot". Enoch Angell's only child and heir, Maria Angell Wood, sold the place to Mr. Singleton. 1 James Riley to writer. - Statement to the writer by Sylvester Angell. who at one time owned the house. 56 THE SINGLETON FARM IJie Singleton Farm. John Howland, a descendant of the John Rowland who came over on the Mayflower, carried on the farm after his purchase from Whipple in 1770 until 1802, when he sold to James Bur- lingame. Buffum Chase, a tanner, bought of Burlingame in 1814. It is not unlikely that Chase conducted or worked in the old tannery. Chase defaulted a mortgage and gave possession to J film Arnold in 1819. Randall Angell bought the property with his son. Brown, in 1827, and the latter became sole owner in 1833 and lived there until his death. Brown Angell (1801- 1878) was a successful farmer and one of the few in this neigh- l)orhoud who raised tobacco. His son, Luther, conducted the farm until his death. The farm was bought of the Angell heirs l)y William Green, a son-in-law of Brown Angell, who held it until his sale to James H. Singleton. About 200 yards south- westerly of the Singleton house is a small burying ground con- taining field stone monuments without names. Olucy AngcU's Place. This farm, the next one north of Singleton's, from which it is separated by the State line between Rhode Island and Massa- chusetts, was a part of the "Boston Men's" 1,900-acre tract pre- viously described. It was laid out to John Binning, whose only child and heir, Sarah, married Jeremiah Green, a Boston dis- tiller. Green sold all of this farm east of the Pond, containing 280 acres, to John Hunt, March 2, 1773. John Hunt sold 131 acres to Daniel Hunt in 1775. The latter cleared the land and made his home there until old age, possibly until death. During the Revolution\ he was arrested on suspicion of being a Tory, but was discharged after satisfying the authorities of his innd- cence. His widow, Hulda, sold the place to Randall Angell, in 1813. The latter paid for this farm with the proceeds of the corn and rye, i)eef and pork, butter and cheese raised on the place and carted lo Providence by ox-team'. I'rown Angell, as a boy. of 16, carried on this farm alone for months at a time for his ^ luncrson'.s History of Douglas, page 75. - Raiulall's statement to grandson, S3lvcster Angell. JAMES H. SINGLETON mitm^rn^ '^P'i ^^^ r^ I ^-s, ^1 -^ THE WALLUM POND ESTATES 57 father, having his younyer sister with him as housekeej^er. When Brown Angell was settled on the present Singleton farm, Olney ( 1808-1886). another son of Randall Angell, took the place and lived there until his death. 1die Angells tore down the old Hunt house, which was in had condition, and huilt the house now standing. The old cellar of the Hunt house may he seen ahout 200 feet north of the present house. The Alexander Ritchie Place. Ohadiah Brown, afterward associated with Samuel Slater, the noted manufacturer, who hought the Daniel Hunt place in 1809, failed to pay off his mortgage to Hunt, and after the latter's death the court ajipointed Israel Aldrich and Richard Mowry to settle the estate. From the northern part of the Hunt place, a 61 -acre lot was sold to John Rich of Sutton, Septemlier 20. 1813. Benjamin Rohbins and John Hunt bought this land the following November and the next April sold to Jonathan Aid- rich, a son of Israel Aldrich, who built the first house and lived there until 1849. when he sold to his son-in-law. William Buxton, and moved to Centerdale, R. I. Subsequent owners were Lovell Parker (1810-1891). Michael Roberts, who married Mary Ritchie, aunt of Alexander Ritchie, who bought in 1893. The house burned in 1901 from a forest fire which started from the railroad near the pond, and Ritchie replaced the old house with the present log house. In the woods on the opposite side of the road, extending a mile from the State line to the Wallum Pond-Douglas school house, is a swamp known as Bear Swamp. There is a tradition^ that the last bear in the vicinity was hunted in this swamp. After killing a dog belonging to one Sherman, the bear took refuge in a tree and was killed. Most of the area eastward of Bear Swamp, extending from the Fairfield road to the Tasseltop road and from the Rhode Island line northward to the Wallum Pond-Douglas school house road, was covered with a hemlock forest from earlv colonial davs 1 Statement to the writer by Edwin C. Esten, who received the infor- mation from his mother, the daughter of Jonathan Marcy. 58 THE CHARLES ARNOLD PLACE down to perhaps 1860. The brook which (h-ains Bear Swamp and flows northeasterly nearly to Tasseltop was named Hem- heck (Hemlock) on Dr. Douglas's map. Tlic Charles Arnold Place. The cellar hole of this house is the next one north of Ritchie's log house. November 20, 1779, WilHam Menzies bought what remained of Katherine Robertson's lot, cleared the farm and erected buildings. .Vfter his death, the administrators sold the property to Daniel Hunt, April 9, 1795. Jonah Brown, Jr., bought part of the property in 1802 and was living there when he sold to Abbee Brown in 1811. Aaron Benson bought it November 4, 1813, and, the following January, sold to Otis liux- ton (1786-1873). The latter, with his wife, Salome (1787- 1887), and a large family of children, lived there until 1835, when he sold to his son, Daniel, and bought John Alartin's place west of Wallum Pond. Daniel Buxton (1812-1897), a rather picturesque and unconventional character, owned, at one time or another, most of the land on the northern part of \\'allum Pond Hill. In 1851, he sold to his Ijrother, Allen Buxton (1827- 1897), and moved into the Israel .Mdrich house. A few feet westerly of the house was a shoemaker's shop containing half a dozen benches\ where Charles Arnold employed his neighbors in the late fifties and early sixties. Later owners or tenants were Alonzo P. Taft, who operated a sawmill, Lovell Parker, Dexter Walling and George Walling. The house l)urned between 1892 and 1898, and the barn fell down sometime in the nineties. Daniel Buxton, according to his son, \\'illiam, was a spectator at the "Battle of Acote's Hill" in Chepachet in 1842. Mr. Syl- vester Angell recalls hearing the commotion due to the flight of Dorr's trooi)s over Wallum Pond Hill and across the Massachu- setts line during ihe night after the atifair. Thomas ( )'Xeil quotes Joseph Bowdish as saying that some of Dorr's men spent the ni» .'«-'^*'^-» ..i?-^- i' ( THE DYER AND INMAN CAMPS Appendix IValliDii Pond on the j\Iaps. The early mapmakers of northeastern America, with hut httle knowledge of the country, could hardly be expected to show this inland pond. Some of the Belgian or Dutch mapmakers wrote Xovi Belgi or Nieum Niederland across this part of the map or located the Pequot Indians to the southwest or the Xipmucks hereabouts, but on most of their maps, this part of the country was left ])lank. Wallum Pond is not shown on the maps bv Sauens. 1616; Jacobz, 1621 ; Le Laet, 1630; Woods, 1634; Win- throp, 1634; Blaen, 1635; no name, 1634; Woodward & Saf- fery, 1642; Dudley, 1646; Colom, 1648; Vischer, 1656; D'Abbe- ville, 1656; Arnold Colom, 1658; Visschero, 1659; Joilet, 1673: Randin, 1672-1682 ; Seller, 1675 ; Dankers, date unknown ; Hub- bard, 1677; White Hall's Mag., 1677; Stoughton & Buckley. 1678; Morden, 1690; Thornton, 1695; Magnalia Americana. 1697; Hennepin, 1698; Mather, 1702; and a Boundary Map of Connecticut and Rhode Island, 1703. The boundary map of THE WALLUM POND ESTATES 77i Rhode Island prepared Ijy Mumford in 1720. by order of the Rhode Island General Assembly, does not show the pond, although it must have been known to Mumford. who was one of the surveyors. \\'allum Pond is not shown on the maps by J. Harris. 1719; Xeal. 1720; an English Pilot. 1731 ; Popple. 1733; by an unknown author. 1741 ; Sothock. 1746; or by the Bound- ary Commissions. 1750. The earliest map. to the writer's knowl- edge, which shows ^^'allum Pond, is that of Dr. William Doug- las, published about 1753. in which the name is given as W'alamp Pond. Thomas Jeffreys' map. 1755. showed the Pond, copying several names of this vicinity from the Douglas map. John ^litchell's map in 1755, Thos. Kitchin's, 1758, and that of an English Pilot, 1758, failed to show it. Carrington Bowles, in 1771, showed the pond without name. Jeffreys' map in 1774. Sayer & Bennett's map in 1775, Lottner's in 1776, Le Rouge's, 1777, Kitchin's, 1778, showed the pond as Walamp, evidently derived from Dr. Douglas' map. as several of his mistakes were copied. J. Almon. 1777. failed to show it. Maps published by Political ^Magazine. 1780. Universal Magazine. 1780, "A map of R. I. and Conn, by the best authorities, 1780," a map by Covens and JVIortier, Amsterdam, a map by Brion De La Tours, 1782, fail to show the pond. Admiral Ternay, 1780, showed the pond without name. Norman, 1785, showed the pond as Walamp, the pond draining northward through Douglas. Osgood Carle- ton's map in 1793 showed the pond but gave no name. Fadden. 1793, failed to show it. Morse, 1794, showed the pond all in Douglas without name. Samuel Lewis, 1794, showed the pond running lengthwise, east and west, and draining northward through Douglas. In 1795 Caleb Harris showed the pond all in Rhode Island as AUum Pond, probably the first one to show it from independent information since Dr. Douglas's map of 1753. Maps by Scott, 1795; Faden, 1796; Tanner, 1796; Morse. "For a Geography." 1796; Reid, 1796; H. Harris, 1796; Sotzman of Hamburg, 1796 ; for Payne's Geography, 1798 ; and an unknown map. of 1800. showed the pond as Allum Pond, much the same as Harris. Osgood Carleton, 1801 and 1802, showed the pond without name. Carev. date unknown, shows Allum Pond all in 74 THE INDIAN SACHEM ALLUMPS Rhode Island, and Lewis, 1804, shows it ahnost touching the Connecticut hne. A map in 1806. author unknown, shows it about half in Rhode Island and half in Massachusetts. Lucas, 1816; Benoni Lock wood. 1819; Ruggles. 1819; Lucas. 1822; A. Finley, 1824 and 1825; Buchon. 1825; Weiland, 1826; Hale, 1826; Goodrich, 1831 ; and Stevens, 1831 ; showed it as Allum Pond. Carter, 1825 ; Huntington, 1830; Finley, 1830; and Pierce, 1831, failed to show it. Carter, 1830, showed the pond without name. Hitchcock, 1832. failed to show it. Boynton. 1835. showed it as Wallum Pond. Wells. 1836, showed the pond without name. Bradford, 1838. showed it as Allum Pond. Mitchell's Geog- raphy, 1839, failed to show it, as did Burr in the same year. Dearborn, 1840, showed it as Wallam Pond: Jackson. 1840; Morse, 1842, and Borden, 1844. showed it as Wallam. Stevens, 1846, adhered to Allum Pond. Ensign and Thayer, 1847 ; Gold- thwait, 1849, and again in 1850, showed nothing. Howland, in 1851 ( ?), showed the pond but no name. Walker, 1852. showed it as Alum Pond. Cowperthwait. in 1853, and Colton, in 1855, showed the pond without name. Walling, for the first time to the writer's knowledge, showed it as Wallum in 1855, and only since 1860 have the mapmakers settled on \\'allum. Tlic Indian Sachcui Alliiinps. Mr. \\'illiam B. Cabot, who has made a study of the Algon- quin language, through association with the Indians of Labra- dor, writes me that "Hyems appears like another torm, perhaps dialectic of Allums. The Nipmucks used 'L' mostly where the Narragansetts and some others used 'Y.' As h — aspirate goes in Algonki, generally, I should take it here as an intensive, con- veying that Hyemps was superlative in some way." As Allumps was a renegade Xarragansett who lived among Nipmucks, Quinebaugs, Narragansetts and Shetuckets, Mr. Cabot's expla- nation of the different pronunciations of his name is supported ])}• facts in Allum])s' personal history. Trumbull tells us that the Ouinebaug Indians' under Allumps and Aguntus. were 400 or 500 in number, always peacefully 1 Trumbull, History of Connecticut, p. 337. THE WALLUM POND ESTATES 75 disposed toward the whites. l)Ut that when an Englishman attempted to settle in Quinebaug, about 1650. he was driven out by Hyems's (Allumps) threat to "bury him alive." Allumps' first act of importance to the colony was his sale, together with his brother, Ma-Shan-Shawitt. and the Sagamore Aguntus, of their lands in the Quinebaug country (now Plainfield and Can- terbury, Conn.) on April 28. 1659. In his deed of sale. Allumps reserved forever for his i)eople the privilege of "hunting, fishing, and convenient planting" and during their lifetimes, as in former times, the tribute or acknowledgment of sachems in two par- ticulars, "The skin of every black woolfe and the skin of every deere killed in the river." On ]\Iay 12. 1659,' Allumps gave possession of the Quine- baug country to Joshua Huse and Amos Richardson and marked some of the bounds for them. \Mien they came to the brook Waynemasis. which they claimed was the east bound of their country separating Quinel)aug from Narragansett, they asked Allumps how far it reached toward the northeast and Allumps answered "It was a day and a half (journey), which we judged might be about some forty or fifty myles." Had Allumps made a more modest claim to territory and the white men considerably reduced their estimate of a day's journey, Allum Pond would still have easily been within this absurd claim. John Quitamoz- told the legislative committee that he was present and saw divers goods given to Aguntus and Hyems by Gov. Winthrop while Hyems was discoursing about the sale of Quinebaug. Miss Larned states that "Aguntus at first blamed Hyems for selling land that was not his, and made him, in the presence of Winthrop, pull off a coat he had received in pay- ment. A roll of tucking cloth, two rolls of red cotton, wampum, stockings, tobacco pipes, and tobacco secured his (Aguntus') consent." Uncus, the Mohegan chief, whose dwelling place was near New London and to whom Allumps owed allegiance, after- ward sold these same lands to Major Fitch, and there was a con- troversy among the rival claimants which led to fighting. The 1 Winthrop Papers, Document 110, State House. Hartford, Conn. - Town and Lands, Vol. 2. Document 186. 76 EXAMINATION OF INDIANS settlement of the claims of \\'inthrop and Fitch in favor of the latter, with reservations for the former, necessitated an inves- tigation which throws much light on Allumps. The life of Allumps, according to his Indian biographers, Tuckcheon and Passagcogon, testifying before the legislative committee in 1704, is here given verbatim. Exaiiiiiiafion of Indians. "O What is your name\ A tuckcheon Q What age are you A a little more than 80 years old Q What Country A Mohegin Q did you know Hyems A yes Q what Countryman was Hyems A his mother was a Coesit- Squaw his father of Narraganset Q what occasion brought Hyems into these parts A he killed (blotted) and that was the Reason of it. O whas Hyems a Sachem In the Narraganset A a Gentleman he was. Q Whither did he come when he came from the Narraganset A Pawtuck- quachooge Q how many men did Hyems bring into the Country A about 40 men Q whither Massanshawet and aguntus came with Hyems A they came all together Q who was the chief Sachem A aguntus Q who gave Hyems and Aguntus Leave to dwell at Egunck A they were Cozens to Uncas and he gave them Leave Q whither Ever the Narragansets Laid any Claims to the Quinebauge Land A no Q whither you Remember when Hyems Came A no Q was there many Indians belonging to Quinebaug when Hyems came A a great many three sorts of people the Quinebaugs the Shatuckets and the Nipmucks O had these Indians any Sachem of their own A they had none but went were they pleased Q did the Quinebaug Indians Ever own Uncas as a Sachem A that they paid him Royalties Q where did Hyem use to live A lately at Egunk Q do you know the great falls what the name of them A Powtuck and a Hill near the falls called Equiunck Q do you know who built the fort near the falls A assogut & nemo Q what Indians were these whither Uncas or Hyems A he does not know Certainly but they Carryed Sometimes to Uncas sometimes to the Narragansets presents ^ State Library, Hartford. Conn. Town and Lands, Vol. 2, Docu- ment 187. - Coesit was in Warwick, R. L THE WALLUM POXD ESTATES 77 O whither Ever Hyems Lived at this fort A no O whither you know Hyems bounds A no O seeing uncas Setled Hyems In this Country whither he Counted it Uncas his Land A that it was the Quinebaughs and that they desired uncas that he would Let them have Hyems for their Sachem. Passagcogon^ a Quinebauge Indian being Examined and asked where the great falls were Answered up to the North- ward. O. what thev were Called In Indian Answ'' Powtuck- week. That there is a Pond beyond it Called Masshapaug. That a Little River comes into it on the Eastward Side. That for- merly there was a Fort a small one there in which only four families had Wigwams the principal Called Wan-nun-Chau- mooh. Q what the Little falls were Called he answered Pow- tuxset and that they were to the Southward ; O where Hyams his fort was in former Time Answ'' at Egunk when he said Passacogon was a young man before the war on the Southward of Greenwich path and that he had another in the Narraganset War by the side of the path Q Wliither ever Hyams had a fort and Lived at the upper falls. Answ'' No he never had any fort there but always Lived at Egunk Save one year he Lived over on the West Side Ouinibaug River because he was afraid of the Narraganset Indians and Uncas bid him Live there but did not give it to him : O Whither the Ouinibauge Indians were Hyams' his men and were subject to him : Answ'' No they were not their Sachem were at Shawtucket O From whence Hyams Came ; Answ'' from Narragansett upon Occassion of a fight or Quarrel and Came to the Moheag Sachem and asked him where he should Live and that he had Leave from him to Live at Egunk." '^ State Library, Hartford, Conn. "Indians," Vol. 1. Document 54, pp. 5 and 6. 78 JOURNAL OF ABRAHAM AIASON Extracts from the Journal of Abraham Mason. June the 6, 1798 November the 2, 1805 December the 11 Jamiary the 18, 1806 February the 6 May 2 November the 1 Januarv the 2. 1807 May the 28, 1813 May the 27, 1813 1813, May the 2 1817, May the 26 January the 8, 1814 October the 8 December the 14. 1815 September the 8 January the 18, 1830 August the 15, 1816 July the 13, 1824 July the 10, 1800 January the 3, 1805 May the 25, 1807 October the 2 1817, August the 11 1807, February the 6 1806, Anril the 9 1807, Mav the 9 To sharp a plow shear John Keith acompt To twenty six nals To iron rod made 8 pounds To one pare of hinges To set three shews To nals To two pare of hinges To mending iron bar To making thirty nals to set four shews to mending a slay tong to one ox yoke staple & ring to sharp a plow shear to sharp a shear to two lode of wood Doctor Burden acompt to shewing hors Nathaniel Carat acompt to shewing oxon Comfort Davenport acompt to one Broad hoe Martin White acompt to eighty bushels of cols to six pounds of codfish to making four chans Joseph Benson acompt to Docking colt Joseph Benson cradet for three turkey Elijah Whitman acompt to half Bushel salt to half pound tea to four pounds of sugar John Robens to one barrel of c\'der John Keith acompt to carten sadletrees to Boston Eben Craggan acompt to twenty pounds makrale Otcs prat acompt to half hog head of lime Iiczekiah Cots acompt to one Boccher nife to one ox Otes prat acomnt to making a nife to one gallon melases William Bates acompt to two da\- mnen in your meadow Elias Joy eight pounds pork Jacob Cutler to nine pounds veal to one shotc to one cord wood £ s, D. 0- 0-8 0- 0-6 0- 8-0 2-0 1-6 1-0 6-0 1-0 0-9 2-0 1-6 0- 9-0 0- 1-0 0- 1-0 0- 3-0 0- 4-6 0- 3-0 0- 6-0 0-18-0 0- 2-3 0-14-0 0- 1-6 0-12-0 0- 2-6 0- 2-0 0- 3-0 0- 9-0 0- 6-0 0- 4-9 0- Q-0 0- 1-0 0- 9-0 0- 1-0 0- 4-0 0-12-0 0- 6-0 0- 3-0 1- 4-0 0- 7-0 THE WALLUM POND ESTATES 79 Thomas J. O'Neil. The first person known to have come to \\'alUim Pond to Hve in order to regain health, was Thomas J. O'Neil. He had lost a l)rother from tul)ercnlosis and for some time had heen trouhled with a cough, fever, night sweats, and weakness. On the advice of Dr. Edw. V. Granger he camped out with the latter in the summer of 18^'3 near the north end of the Pond. In the spring of 1894, he ])uilt a small cal)in on the site of his present camp near Wallum Lake Station. Mr. O'Neil gained over 200 pounds in weight after coming here and has enjoyed robust health for many years. Sanatorium Developments 1901-1922 March. 7. 1901 Committee of tlie General Assembly on the subject of a State Sanatorium was created. The members of the committee were : C. Alvin Potter, Edwin A. Perrin, Harry C. Curtis, Theo- dore S. Hughes, Frank T. Easton. March 28, 1902 A commission on State Sanatorium for Consumptives created and empowered to secure an option on a site and to secure plans and specifications and estimates of expense of buildings. The personnel of this commission was the same as that of the committee of the General Assembly, appointed the previous year. November 5, 1902 A public competition among architects adverti.sed for, to secure plans. November 29. 1902 Site for Sanatorium selected at Wallum Pond on land of Sylvester Angell. December S, 1902 Thornton & Thornton of Providence awarded first prize of $500.00 for best set of plans. May 18, 1903 Contracts for general construction of the State Sana- torium awarded to Lewis J. Pierce. 1905 Act creating a Board of Trustees, passed by the General Assembly. Noz'eiiiber 1. 1905 Sanatorium completed at a cost of about $150,000, exclusive of furnishings, and opened for the reception of patients. Gov. Utter and Dr. Vincent Y. Bowditch spoke at the opening exercises. November 6, 1905 First patient admitted. 1906 Water tower erected. 1907 Covered verandas on East and West wards built. Superintendent's cottage erected. 1908 The publication of the Walliiiu Lake BuUctiu begun. An officers' dining room, a new boiler house, aJid a new laundry building erected. 1909 Intercommunicating telephones installed. Steel lockers purchased. Fire escapes on administration and service buildings erected. 80 TRUSTEES OF THE STATE SANATORIUM 1910 Resolution passed by General Assembly requesting the Trustees of the State Sanatorium to investigate as to the need of hospitals for the treatment of advanced cases of tuberculosis, and to report thereon. One mile of macadam road constructed from Wallum Lake Station southward. Macadamizing of entrance driveway. Wll Hen houses built. Moving picture projector installed. Loam carted to lawns from cranberry bog. Commission on hospitals for advanced cases reported in favor of such a hospital. 1912 West service building constructed. 1913 New hen houses built. 1914 Terrazzo on the toilet and examination rooms of the Sanatorium wards. Weights and pulleys on ward building windows. 1915 Children's ward completed November 15th. General Assembly authorized the erection of a hospital on the Sanatorium grounds. 1916 Artificial refrigerating plant installed. Hospital designed by Walter F. Fontaine in conjunction with the Superintendent. The Hospital contract let by the Board of Con- trol and Supply to Whitehead Co. of Worcester, Mass. 1917 Hospital building completed November 1st at a cost of $150,000.00, including furnishings. Patients' workshop erected. 191S Conversion of old Chapel on fourth floor of administration build- ing into nurses' rooms. Ambulance. New equipment in bakeshop and kitchen. New pig house. 1919 Construction of kitchen and serving room annexes. Tile floor in kitchen. New laundry equipment. X-ray plant. 1920 Addition to dining room. New chapel. Greenhouse completed. Hospital store started. Addition to poultry plant. 1921 Barn moved and converted into employees building. Garage, wagon shed, and new horse barn erected. 1922 New cottage for married employees. TRUSTEES OF THE STATE SANATORIUM Years of Service. Rowland G. Hazard 1905-1914 J. Truman Burdick 1905-1908 Henry E. Nugent 1905-1907 J. Fred Gibson 1905-1906 William H. Peters, M.D 1905-1907 John C. Pegram 1907-1908 Frederick P. Gorham 1908- Albert H. Sayles 1908-1922 Henry C. Cooke, M.D 1908-1908 William P. Buffum 1909- William C. Munroe, M.D 1909-1913 Thomas J. Smith, M.D 1913- Frank N. Phillips 1915- Austin T. Levy 1922- Index Abbott, Daniel 63 64 Aldrich, Asahel 14, 60, 67 Daniel 59 Jonathan 57 John 64 Israel 14, 52, 57, 60, 62 Seth 59 Alger, Asakel 43 John 28 Joshua 55 Preserved 54, 55 AUam 10, 24 Allom 10 Allum 10, 13 Allumps 10, 74 Angell, Alfred 57. 52 Brown _55, 56, S7 , 62. 65 Enoch 55 Esten 43, 45 George R. 62 Luther 56 Olney 56, 57 Randall 28, iZ. 44, 45, 55, 56 Sabin 37 Smith 62 Susan 68 Sylvester ii. ?i7 , 40, 53, 55. 63 Whipple 43 William R. 48 Arnold. Chas. 58 Fred 58 " John 56 blncy 2,7 " Stephen 32 Badluck Pond 9. 21 Badger Mountain 48 Baker, Arnold 55 Bailev. Lillian 54 Ballard, Jeremiah 27. 29 Batchelder, Augusta 61 Barrett, Daniel 65, 69 Daniel. Jr. 65 Bear Corner 22 Swamp 14. 57. 58 Bellows. Horatio 61 Benson, Aaron 58 " Joseph 64 " Mountain 64 Binning, John 22. 23, 56 " Sarah 56 Black James 18, 19 Blackstone Canal ii Blake, Grace 54 Boiling Spring 48 Boston Men ZZ, 65 Bott, James 67 Bowdish, Joseph 34, i7, 52. 58 Bowen, Erner 61 Wm. E. 62 Brass Ball 69 Brick Yard 39 Bronsdon 22, 24 Brown, Abbee 58 Jeremiah 28 Jonah 9, 58 Obadiah 57 Buck Hill W^oods 47 Burlingame, James 56 Rossel 42 Burying Ground 30, 55, 56. 60 Buxton. Allen 58, 59 66 Amasa ?)7 Daniel 14. 58, 59. 60 David 59 Otis 13. 59, 66 Rhoda 59 Ruth 59 Salome 58. 59. 68 William 57 Cabot. Wm. B. 11. 13 Carr, Catherine Z2) Chase. Ambrose 43 " Buffum 56 " Joseph 43. 59 Chamberlain, Simon 68 Church, William 22, 69 Civil War 2>7 Clark. William 41 Clear River 13, 31 Clear Reservoir Co. 50 Coffee House 67. 68 Collins. Stephen 39 Cooke. Joseph 67 Coon Cave 49 Cotton Mill 1st ?>?, Cotton Mill 2nd 34 Counterfeiters 47 Cranberry Bog 31. ?>Z Cure Early Times 41 Darling. Hannah 36 Levi 34. ?^7. 39 Seth 30. ?,7 Daw. Wellingtrn 27. 66 INDEX Deed First 24 Dexter, Stephen 44 Dockery, James 51, 52 Dorr War 58 Douglas, Wm., Dr. 8, 9, 22. 22, Dudley, Joseph 19 Paul 22 Reuben 49, 50 Dugout Boat i7 Dunn, Samuel 67 Dyer, William 61 Eddy, Lippitt 14 Jacob 28 Joseph 28 " Levi, Dr. 32, 42, 59 " Place, The 14 Eldridge, Caleb 38 Eliot's Bible 12 Eliot, John 18, 19 Esten, Dutee 43 •' Edwin 17, 18, 22 Estes, Abijah 65, 67 Farms West 63 Field, Chad 30 Friery, John il " ' Patrick 55 Gaucher, W. E. 62 Gibbs, Robert 27 Goat Rock 48, 62 Gold 62 Gookin, Daniel 18 Gore 67 Granger, Dr. E. V. 61 Gravel Ridge 14 Green Dragon 22 Green, Benjamin 59, 60, 62 " Jeremiah 23, 56 " Thomas 2>T . 39 '• William 31, 32, 2,7, 56 Guild, Abraham 67 Harcut, Richard 26 Harris, Jonathan 28 Hatch, Estes 63 Nathaniel 64 Hayward. Seth ?tO Healey, Sarah 61 Hedgehog Corner 22 Hemlock Brook 58 " Forest 57 Herendeen, Simeon 17 Thomas 28, 29 Highway 28, 40, 43 Holman, Clara 61 Ho])kins, Hozicl 28 William 24, 25 Horton, Benj. 37 " Jerome 2,7 Howard, Silas 42 William 42 Howland, Andrew 27 James 28 John 28, 29, 50, 52, 56 John, Jr. 29 Joseph 28 Nancy 54 " Thomas 28 " Thomas 66 Hoyle, Anna 69 Hubbard 8 Hughes 61 Humes, Alpheus 59 Hunt, Arnold 42, 47 " Daniel 29, 56, 58 Dennis 42 •' John 9, 23, 56, 57 Ice Co., Crystal 63 " " Prov. 62 •• " Wallum 62 Ide, Monroe 68 Indians Arrows 14 Cornfields 13, 17 Corngrinding Stone 16 Deeds 20, 21 Fort 14 Graves 14 Medicine Woman 21 Relics 17 Rocks 17, 18 Traditions 13, 14, 16, 17 Wigwam Poles 17 Inman, Oliver 61 " William 61 Jacobs, Barton 64 Serrail 64 James, Albert 34 Jefferson, Sarah 61 Jenne, Abigail 30 Dorcas 31 Jacob 31 Seth 29, 30 Timoth}' 29, 30 lennison, Timothv 65 William 59, 65 Tohnson, Henrv 43 ]ov, Elias 64 ' " William 64 Kaufman, J. F. 63 Key to Map 15 Kimball, Daniel 35, 38, 51, 52 INDEX HI Kimball, Eliza 35 Howland 50 John 29 Nehemiah 50 Serena 35, 51 King, Clarence 62 Emily 54 Hannah 31 James 31 Keziah 31 " Place, The 28, 31 Kinnicutt 12 Knowlton, Elisha 25 Lapham, Benedict 35 Enos il, 35 Jethro 29 Nicholas 25 Earned, Ellen T. 8 Lathrop, Jacob 30 Leavet, John 53 Leesom Brook 48 Lindley, George ii Littleworth Swamp 25 Logee, Dutee 52 Maps 14, 12. 74 Marcy, Jonathan 17 Marsh, George 36 Martin, John 66 Mason, Abraham 65, 78 Levi 65 Mathewson, Henry 53 Menzies, William 58 Mill, Grist 40 Mill, lower 40 Milliard, Sabin 52 Minerals 62 Mohegan 7 Moonshine 52 Mormons 60 Moss Pond 18 Munyon 64 Murder 68 Narragansetts 8, 21, 24 Nipmuck Brook 8 River 19 Nipmucks, Southern 19 Olney, Joseph 67 Oneil's Camp 27, 50 Oneil, Thomas J. 51. 79 Panther, The Douglas 38 Paint 12 Paint Rocks 12, 13 Parker, Lovell 34. 52. 57, 58 Pascoag 8 Pascoag Fishing Club 51, 52 Passagcogon 11 Pawtuckets 7 Pease, Patty 18, 21, 22 Peat Bog 34 Pepperell, Wm., Gov. 2i Peters, Israel 42 Philip, King 8 Phillips, Azariah il Bani ii Jeremiah ii David ii Robert ii Harley ii Ostrander 2>i Paige, Susan 54 Paine, Ara 41 Ellen 54 Mary 54 Moab 41 Nancy 54 Prudence 41 Pond, Aldrich 67 " Angell 48 " Badluck 9, 21 Chamberlain 68 Moss 18 Round 45 Traditions yi Porter. Daniel 44 Mason 39 Power, Joseph 27 Nicholas 26 2nd 26 3rd 25. 26 4th 26. 27 Praying Towns 18 Proprietors R. I. 24 Prince, William 39 Providence Ice Co. 39 Quarries 52 Quincy, John 22 Quinebaug 8 Railroad 51 Rawson, Richard 66 Rattlesnake Ledge 49, 50 Red House 52 Reed. John 65 Religious Service 60 Revolution, The 29 Rich, John 57 Richardson. Melvina 61 Rider. Sidney S. 11 Rilev. Tames Zl , 55 " " John 51, 52, 55 Ritchie. Alexander 17, 57 IV INDEX Ritchie, Mary 57 Robbins, Afx-l 35, 59 Benjamin 57 Gilbert 35 John 59 Roberts, Michael 57 Thomas 26 Robertson, Katherine 58 Ross, Maria L. 54 " Scth i7, 42 Round Pond 45 Ruttenber 11 Salisbury, Dutee 59, 61 Mowry i7 Sanatorium Development 79 Sanborn, Morton C. 39 Sanger, Calvin 67 Savage, Abijah 2Z, 24 Sawmill 27, 30, 40, 58, 60. 65, 67 Sayles, Albert L. 51 Arnold 47 '• Fred L. 62 School 53, 61 District 53 Teachers 54, 61 Scott, James 42 Seagraves, Joseph 61 Seamans, Amasa 42 Settlers, Early 27 Shea, Maggie 54 Sherman, Zadoc 47 Sherwof)d, David 63 Shoemaking 58 Singleton, J. E. 14, 62 I. H. 14, 16, 27, 52, 56 Slater, Ruth 68 Samuel 67 Smith, Benjamin 26 Martin H. S2 " Richard W. 62 Snake Den 53 Spraguc Heirs 69 Stage, Southbridge 59 Starr, Ebcnezcr 65 T>cmucl 64, 65 Nina 68 Stockwell Brothers 69 Stone, Arnold 62 " Amos 55 Ezra 28, 29. 54. 55. 60 F!zra 2nd ?i7 George 54 Tames 29, 43 "Nathan 38 Stnughton. Wm. 19 Summer Camps 61 Sweet, Benjamin 32 Philip 34 Taft, Alonzo 58 " Sweetland 65, 67 Tallman 34, 60 Thaver, E. 54 " VV. I. G. 66 Thornton, Howard 61 Tilley, John 67 Tinkham, William 51 Tobacco 56 Tollgate 69 Trask, William 45, 49 Trumbull, J. H. 10 Trustees 80 Twist, Asa 45 Tyler. Andrew 22, 59 Frances 60 Joseph 60 Lucy 60 •• Marv 23 " Miriam 23, 59 " Peter 59 " William 22. 24, 60 Vickers. Abigail 59 Erastus 59, 60 " James M. i7 Vinton 68 Wabbaquasset 8 Wadkins, Judson 2>7 Wahmunsqueeg 8 Wakefield, Daniel 66 Harvey 60 Ira 65 Mrs. Ira 67 " Sarah 54 Walamp 9 Walker, Pelcg ii Wall, William 67 Walla 12 Walling. Dexter 58 George 58 Sarah 61 Wallomp 9 Wallum, meaning of 13 Walomachin 11. 18. 19 Walowononck 11 Walumpaw 1 1 Wara 12 Ward. Eugene 44 " Hiram 44 William 44 Washington. George 70 Wells. Alfred 32. 43 INDEX Weston, Francis 26 Whcelock, Henry 64 Whipple, Enoch 28 John 27 White, Adam 40 " Emory 2)7 " Samuel 31, 41, 60 Whittemore, Benjamin 22 W'iiiting, Francis 38 Horace 39 Orrin 48 Whitman, Elijah 64 Elijah 2nd 64 Sarah 64 Wilkinson, David 33 Joseph 24 Williams, Roger H, 24 Wolf Hunt 28 Woloman 12 Wood, Maria 55 Worslev, Joseph 64 Willie 12 " Wunne 12 Wunnetu 12 Young, Jason 69 \\