• l^-z^'^ > 2- ,-2-2- 86 HEROISM OF THE RANK AND FILE. EULOGY, : x £^ T QUNCED AT THE MEMORIAL SERVICE OF POST SUMNER, NO. 24, AND POST WINTHROP, NO. 28, G. A. R., MAY 31st, 1868. IN COMMEMORATION OF THE UNION SOLDIERS SLAIN IN THE WAR FOR OUR UNION. BY COLONEL A. J. K. DUG-ANNE. j -, Comrades : The world is ruled by ideas, emotions, impulses, more than by laws, logic, or deliberations. A spark of thought kindles to a flame of action. The mob of a day over- whelms the dynasty of a century. A name builds up an empire. It is the ideal that is power ; the material is but force : it is the unseen fluid that kills ; the visible lightning and the audible thunder only terrify. "We behold the hand of a buffoon uplifting n^ody dagger, and pointing with it a straight of honor? ^ ne Roman people out of monarchy berless /publicanism. But the buffoon is Bru- unweaihcl his dagger is wet with the blood of will r# re d Lucretia, ideal and example of ma- rewai/y virtue. ^y/e discern an impostor bestriding a camel, horn/ holding in one hand a roll of parchment, ile the other brandishes a scimitar. Nations low him ; cities and kingdoms fall before 5 march. But the impostor is Mahomet; 3 book is the scripture of Islam ; bis sword its interpreter ; his idea is to found a new religion. Later in the world's history, a barefooted monk, advancing with uplifted crucifix, leads forth uncounted multitudes of armed men to fight against the successors of Mahomet. But that monk is Peter the Hermit ; his armies are the Crusaders ; his idea and theirs is to deliver Jerusalem from the Infidel, and redtem the Sepulchre of Christ. And later still, in the lapse of centuries, another barefoot monk lifts up the Book of God, and, opening wide its pages, calls on kings and serfs to read them. It is Luther, and his idea is the Reformation. And later yet, and in our own times, an old man, fired by mad enthusiasm, musters a band of zealots like himself, and yields his life in an attempt to strike the shackles from four mill- ion slaves. But the madman was John Brown, and after him came Abraham Lincoln ; and the four million that were slaves shall be slaves no more forever. Thus, always, an idea advances, leads, im- pels. It is the soul, whose body is action — whose outer robes are battles, histories, em- pires, revolutions. It is the magnet, drawing; the light, revealing ; the heat, generating. A cause that is without an idea cannot survive. This tissue of cotton threads, which I fling out before me — what is it ? No thrill of life responds from it ; no voice returns my invo- cation of it ; no pressure vibrates on my lips as I enclasp and kiss it as a bride. Yet for this web and woof of simple cotton, spun by hand or loom, there shall be myriads of men ready to lay down their lives, as myriads have done; there shall be tears, and prayers, and embraces, and such deeds achieved as life u/ HEROISII OF THE RANK AND FILE. mortals to be demigods. For this tissue of threads- red, white, and blue — is the flag of my country. It is an emblem ; it is a sym- bol ; it is an embodied idea. Robing them- selves in this drapery, men have wooed danger as a l»eloved bride, and died upon her bosom exultinglv. Wrapped in its starry folds, they have lapsed from Buffering into martyrdom — from glory into immortality. Death-stricken heroes have looked their last upon it, and smiled as though their mothers were blessing them. Fugitives from tyranny have caught its first gleams, with their hearts bounding upward to worship it. The sick have stretctied out their feeble arms to it ; the weary piisoner has yearned for its sight, " as the hart panteth for the water-brooks." I have seen poor com- rades in Southern captivity creeping out of their huts, under the darkness of midnight, and clustering together like shadows, to surround this treasured emblem, kept by day with jeal- ous secrecy from the search of rebel guards. And I have seen them, those loyal and loving sol- diers and sailors, rough men though they were, with tears in their eyes and with swelling bo- soms, pass the precious folds of that cherished old flag from lip to lip, in the holy communion of patriotism. Svmboi of an idea — of manifold ideas—the flag of an army, or a people, or a nationality, or a cause — how immeasurable its influence how exalted its inspiration ! Depress it, and the hearts of men sink within them ; raise it, and those hearts become winged like eagles. Its tissues are woven into multitudinous mem- ories ; its colors are blended with infinite hopes. There is no thread of its web that is not moistened, no hue that is not gilded, with the priceless blood of heroism. Thus the flag becomes an emblem of faith, a beacon of as- pirations, a cynosure of veneration. It writes, as with sunbeams upon ether, the name and the path of a cause which it marshals. Yet the flag itself is only an emblem. Its dazzle is but the reflex of an idea that dwells in the army or nation whose progress it foreruns and identifies. That idea may be patriotism, or religion, or liberty — whatever it be, it is the soul, whereof armies and nations are but bodily manifestations. And it is to some tender or gallant quality in the man that a flag appeals so potently. I care not if he be common soldier or sailor, or if his shoulder be doubly or trebly starred, his soul must thrill lovingly to the waving of his flag, or he is no true man in the hour of trial. We have rank and titles for leaders, princely guerdons for their services, monuments to their memories ; but the idea of the cause which upraised these heroes may be sometimes more vital in a private's soul than in that of his chief commander. The piety of a true Christian is not measured by riches or by pov- erty. The idea of patriotism or of liberty is not written upon a parchment commission, but upon the living heart of a man. Brig! sword of a captain, but the flames of ^^ powder-black muskets at his left reach farther into the darkness of conflict. I follow, with hushed breath, the firm tread of a column of these unnoted heroes into line of battle, or the double-quick of their charge into the bowels of fiery batteries There is no waver in that front — no gap in all those files. Who, then, shall I choose out as the hero-one ? What matters it that the tew wear shoulder- straps and the many have no badge of distinc- tion ? There is no hero-one— they are all he- roes. Captain, corporal, guide, or color bearer, or drummer-boy — black-skinned or white — they are in one battle-line, and each man keeps his post in the march or the melee. Who, then, shall I choose as my hero — the soldier who is called general, or the soldier who is only known as "one of the rank and file"? I will single no one. They are all heroes. " One of the rank and file," I said ; on* nf the undecorated line of nobility, who" advances over lost battle fields, to f them with pledges of life-bbod ; one >. living stones of those human avalanches roll over batteries and bulwarks, and throw towers and armies, as an Alpine m\ tain-slide sweeps away peaceful hamlets, the gazing world, there are but few marl objects in the great panorama of warfare — { leaders on their battle-steeds, the flags ridi\ upon cannon-smokes, the onset of squadronl the movement of columns, the swift flash a bayonet charge. Of the individual hearts beating through long lines, of the personalities of valor in those manifold ranks that clcse on death so devotedly, there is but one who hat perfect cognizance, and he is their Eternal His- torian. To us, the vast enginery of conflict has merely physical significance. The soldier H EROISM OF THE BANK AND FILE. 5 is but one of its multitudinous cogs and wheels. We regard only the terrible machine and its directors. God alone sees the inner soul-works, that run in such wondrous unison. Therefore, I remember with gladness, and rehearse with pride, the heroism of obscure merit, as well as of recognized fame. I rejoice in the daring of the noble wife of that Rhode Island sergeant — Brownell — who, in the bloody press of Roanoke fight, caught up the banner of a regiment, and fell, wounded, while bearing it to the front; but I find her equally in the hospital- wards, nursing her ^moiv-Y V.-sband and his dying comrades. I call the brave New Jersey corporal — John Lawrence — a hero, when I see him lying with both legs amputated, after that Roanoke fight, and raising his head from his cot to hear the news, and waving his blue cap, with three cheers, when he learns of a Union victory. . . . I repeat with reverence the name of that gunner's mate — John Davis — of the Val- ley City steamer, who, in the fight at Eliza- beth City, threw himself over a barrel of gun- powder, to shield it from the flames cf burst- ing shells, while he served out ammunition to the cannoniers . . . And how can I forget the lofty heroism of that unknown ser- geant at Fort Donelson, who was seen to throw himself before his line, and receive within his own loyal heart the rebel bullet that would have slain bis captain ? . . . These are but initials of the heroic catalogue that stands out s lil> lief , on the entablature of honor's temple; and yet there are num- berless episodes of fortitude, and devotion, and unwearied zeal in the Republic's service, that will never be noted by the historian — never rewarded by earthly renown. What holy sacrifices have consecrated the homes of ouv patriot volunteers, whose loyalty led them to the forefront of danger, and whose souls were sustained and strengthened by the hope.- and prayers of dear ones left behind — the mother, who gave her first-born ; the wife, yielded her spouse; the sister who re- signed her brother, and the maiden who parted with her betrothed ; all priceless offerings a the altar of our country — all pledges of a s< blime faith in her cause ! What illustrations of all that was womanly and saint-like are to be met with in the ob- scure chronicle of hospital service — that in- audible and unblazoned service wherein health and life were offered daily upon the altar of simple duty, made beautiful by the flowers of love and charity that enwreathed it ! How blessed in the sight of heaven, how sacred in the thought of ail good men, those number- less and nameless benefactions which inter- posed between the wounded soldier and his death, to smooth his passage from the world of warfare to the world of peace ! Who shall say to me that the hospital was not a field of heroic effort? that the Sanitary Commission had no heroes enrolled under its banners? that the surgeon, the nurse, the unarmed chaplain might never win or claim the palm of merit such as fame bestows on the sword wielders and the death-doers in sanguinary conflict ? I crown my heroes in all ranks ; 1 jlasp hands with noble ones iu every sphere that is il- lumined by the steady torch of loyal and de- voted service. But it is only when the living idea that im- pels heroic natures finds voice or stamps out deeds more noticeable than the rest, that we are able to signalize some hero-man by name. Thus I behold brave Sergeant William Car- ney, in the bloody contest of Fort Wagner, ditching the falling colors of his regiment, and climbing up the hostile parapet, to plant them on its highest works ; and holding them aloft under the rain of shot and shell ; and folding them to his heart when our line was borne backward ; and falling thus, with a shot in his bosom ; and clasping the colors still with one hand, while the other strove to keep his life-blood back in the gaping wound ; and crawling thus, slowly, slowly, from those fatal ramparts, out to his camp again ; still hugging tightly to his breast the regimental flag, while with scarcely articulate voice, he answers to the plaudits of his comrades, black and white : " I did my duty, boys — the dear old flag never touched the ground !" And at the same eventful fight, I see the son of one who was a slave — the son of Frederick Douglas — mounting, foremost of our troops, upon the walls of Wagner, while his voice rang out in trumpet tones : " Come on, boys , fight for God and Governor Andrew!" And I follow that bold Pennsylvanian, Ser- geant Bruner, of the Twenty -third Wisconsin Volunteers, iu the fight at Port Gibson, where he caught the colors from their disabled bearer! (•> HEROISM OF THE RANK AND FILE. and planted them on the ramparts amid a storm of bullets. And again, at Champion Hill, where he seized the flag, as our line was breaking, and crying out, " Boys, follow ! don't flinch from your duty!'' led the regi- ment into order and victory. And once more, at the battle of Big Black, under the eye of Grant, when the valiant Sergeant led his men against a battery that had dismounted one of our cannon and dispersed its supporters — twice in the melee was Bruner made a prisoner, and twice his comrades rescued him; and he brought to General Grant the last one of three rebel fhgs captured by his own bold hand from the enemy. It is in the hearts of such men as this that the idea of a cause is en- shrined, like a jewel in some golden ca?ket. And that old man-of-war's- man, William Reid, in his fiftieth year, one of the noble sail- ors whose bravery almost redeemed the folly or treachery of their flag-captain at Galveston ; I can see him, in my mind's eye, as he stood on the Owasco's deck, his left hand well-nigh shot away, and a shot-wound in his shoulder, where the blood oozed through his shirt, while holding still a rifle in his grasp, he continued to fire upon the foe. " Go below and get } our wounds dressed," said the master's mate. " No, sir !" the veteran replied : " so long as there's fighting to be done, I'll stay on deck!" What patient courage, what quiet self-devo- tion is common to the sailor at his gun and the soldier in his ranks ! so common, indeed, that no note is made of it ; so habitual, that it is looked upon as the mere routine of duty. But assuredly there is a motive power deeper than mere routine to inspire these unrewarded heroes of our nation. Was there not true nobility in that seaman, Samuel Woo'is, who, when serving his gun, with resolute courage, yet found heart to plunge into the stream to save a drowning shipmate, and who, after the battle, knelt beside his wounded comrades, nursing them like a tender woman as he had fought beside them like a hero man ! Was there not cool and provident valor in that cockswain of the Wabash, Edward Ringgold, who, in service with the howitzer corps, per- formed his duty with such faithfulness, and heading that the powder ran low, passed up, through all the fiery line, with his shirt slung over bis shoulders and filled with ammunition that he had brought two miles from the rear ! Well did these seamen deserve the medal they won for " gallantry in action." I have spoken of the fight at Fort Wagner, and of its heroes, Douglas and Carney, whose African veins were flooded with such patriotic blood, and whose dark skins covered such trusty hearts, as their captains of purest lin- eage might well be proud to recognize. Such men deserved to be led by the chief who died for them — that immortal son of Massachusetts sires, the gallant Colonel Shaw. Let us thank God that everywhere, in all the bloody years of our righteous vt treason, the names of such faithful iLoieilKU, are recorded in the pages of impartial history ! Not among generals only — brave and meri- torious though they be — need we look for ex- amples and models of patriotism. The hero of a knapsack is grand as the hero of a baton ! Martyrs ascend to heaven from rank and file as luminously as from the field and staff. Poor PJummer Tidd, who bad fought with John Brown at Harper's Ferry, and who lay dying on his cot with typhus fever, while the batteries of Fort Donelson thundered in bis ears, was no less a hero of liberty than if he had fallen at his sergeant's post in battle. ''Is our side winning ?" he gasped, as the gun-boat rocked under the concussion of artillery, and when the chaplain answered "Yes !" the brave man said, " Thank God !" and died ! John Beman, the humble watch-nan of a steamer, hanged by the rebels to a tree in Mississippi, because of being a loyal man, de- serves his place upon the hero-t*biet ; not less than our martyred Abraham Lincoln. " I will die before I take the Southern oath," this bold Norwegian cried ; and they swung his body upward ; but his soul soared higher than traitors can reach. " Don't mind me, boys ! Go on with t fight !" said Orderly Sergeant Goodfelk Bethel fight. He gave his musket to a rade. and sank dying in his place ; a Lero- soldier, promoted in death to equal rank with Greble and Winthrop, who fell not far from him. There was an old man of Gettysburg, whose musket was first shouldered in the war 1812 ; whose head was white with the snov. of seventy years; and when he saw the ba flag of disunion blotting the sunshine of h cottage-sill, he took down an old State muskt HEKOISM OF THE RANK AND FILE. from the wall, moulded a score of bullets, as they used to do in the times of old. and made ready to defend his homestead. Anon came the Stars and Stripes through Cumberland Valley, and the gray haired farmer presented himself to our soldiers. " Take me with you !" said the man of three score and ten ; " I can still peer over a musket-sight !" And they took him with them — those brave "Wisconsin boys to whom he showed himself ; and that true-hearted veteran fought in our ranks at Gettysburg, and was left with three wounds field, in sight almost of his own iiecti uistone. God be thanked that the veteran survived the dread conflict, and that he will, at the last, which I hear is close at hand, lay down his gray head in peace by his cottage on the sacred ground of Gettysburg. Worthy to bear the name of Burns — the free-souled Scotch bard — was this old fighter for the Re- public ! Poor though he may be, he will be- queath to his children a heritage of honor that Lee and Beauregard, with all their chivalry, have no longer in their bestowal. And I am reminded here of those gallant gunners of Gettysburg, who died upon the " Round Top," as they whirled their cannon to the front of battle. Here let me recall the names of Weed and Hazlett, recorded in the rude but graphic verse of a loyal ballad : " On to the Round Top ! the Round Top we gain ! Falls gallant Weed from a ball— is he slain ? Prone on the earth he lies heavily sighing ; Near him lie gallant men, wounded and dying. ' Hazlett, come hither,' sighed Weed, as he lay; Hither, my friend — I have something to say !' [azlett speeds forward, bends down, lifts his head : s a mmie-ball — Hazlett lies dead ! ' • Dead ere Weed utters the word he would speak ; ire both heroes, with cheek close to cheek ; ■ . led their thoughts as they waft their last breath ; ■ng each other — united in death." the days to come our heroes of rank and fi nil be cherished in tradition as we now c a the "Liberty Boys " and "Marion's Men. Ballads will chronicle their "hand- to hand " fights, and their " hair-breadth 33 " on field and flood. It is of their ex- aia : : ;es that our future nation must eat and drink, that it may become robust in patriotism. >d keep their memory green !'' / Give flowers ! bring flowers ! of every hue, ■ garden-bed and field, ' e green above the hearts the Northern shield. Ask lilies lest buds, And violets for theii blue, And twine them with the greenest leaves For those who died for you ! And when the other Junes shall bloom Through all the years to be, Bring flowers as sweet and fair for those Who died to make us free ! The heroes and martyis of our Republic are guarantees which God vouchsafes for its fu- ture. Every drop of blood spilled in defence of a free nation, in a righteous cause, is a jewelled pledge of some blessing to posterity. What matter if gold be banished for a season from the public purse ? No nation's treasury is bankrupt that has store of patriotic mem- ories. Brave deeds are better than ingots. I hail the legacy of noble deeds bequeathed by our war to immortality — that inestimable heritage which we claim this day, showing our title to it by these flowers which we reverently strew in memory of faithful service sanctified to us and to our nation. It is a heritage which may not be alienated, and cannot be squan- dered. It is the patrimony of freedom. What grand contributions this wondrous treasure comprises ! how sweet and holy, how loyal and liberal, are the donations of heroism ! They descend to us in the streamlets from hill- tops and mountain pass-ways, where Liberty builds her stronghold, and dwells in sunshine and starlight ! They look up to us from the tender eyes of daisies that grow over woodland graves ! They whisper in the land-breezes that blow through sword-won valleys ; they are crested on the sea-waves that break upon blood-bought beaches ! And here let me invoke the glorified host of nameless men, who have fallen upon the marches and battle-fields of Freedom ! Here let me apostrophize the unknown armies of martyrs who have laid down their lowly lives for Liberty in every era and upon every soil ! dumb and traceless shades ! misty semblances of humanity ! receding into the dimness of immemorial centuries ! Ye multi- tudes, whose weary journeyings left no foot- prints, and whose fall awoke no echo ! Was it your destiny to be barren of fruit for the future ? to be absorbed, as clouds, into the ocean of time, leaving no refit x of your tran- sit upon earth or in the heavens ? 1 think that my soul can recognize a sweet response to its invocation — a voiceless yet in- telligible reply, down-flowing, as from choirs of invisible spirits, in harmonies that interpret HEROISM OF THE HANK A]\ T D FILE. both Past and Present. I fancy those misty- darknesses which enshroud the heroes and pa- triots and martyrs of forgotten generations have opened sometimes into vistas of immortal glory, revealing glimpses of the great White. Throne; and that, out from the overpowering splendor, unsylla'nled music glides into my heart, as of blessed ones chanting eternally. '' Clouds we are!" they sing, "but clouds are footstools for the Infinite ! Clouds we are ! but clouds of witnesses! testifying for ever- more in heaven, as we testified on earth, the hope, the promise, and the assurance of Free dom for humanity !" Let us leave with Our Father in heaven the records which earth hath lo^t! They rest in celestial archives. Enough for us to cherish the examples That descend from our fathers, and to multiply them by thoughts and deeds which shall be memorials for our children here after ! Flowers for the valiant Dead Who for the Union bled ! Let all the summers shed Sweets on our brave ! Let all the years renew Liberty's colors true, Plant the Red, White, and Blue Over each grave ! Red rose for valor sow — Lilies for honor strew, And for the hearts below Violets bine. So shall the years to be Say to our children free, Liberty's colors three Still are for you ! Lightly let flowers enfold Pledges worth more than gold : Lay on the lowly mould Lily .and rose : Pledges thai Fro Planted at Runnymede, Up out of thorn and weed Evermore grows ! Out from these ashes mute Freedom's 1 ** ide branches shoot — Liberty's lofty fruit Beckons the slave. Soon to these altars dumb, Grandly, at beat of drum, All the far lands shall come, Blessing our brave ! Come, where the valiant host Loving their country most. In her dread Pentecost Yielded their souls ! Come, at the Whitsuntide, Counting, with love and pride, Every true man who died Still on the rolls ! So, through the marching years, Mingling their manly tear-. Mustered by rosy biers, Soldiers shall stand : So, o'er each lowly grave, Freedom's high flag shall wave. Blessing the dead who gave Life to the land ! ^ LIBRARY OF CONGRESS 013 785 187 8 Conservation Resources Lig-Free® Type I Ph 8.5. Buffered