i^ o T h: s 
 
 TO ACCOMPANY 
 
 KEELER^S MAP OF THE U. S. TERRITORY. 
 
 1 ROM THK 
 
 MISSISSIPPI RIVER TO THE PACIFIC OCEAN, 
 
 CONTAlMNd 
 
 AUTHENTIC INFORMATION CONNECTED WITH 
 THE TERRITORIES, 
 
 DIFFERENT RAILROAD ROUTES TO THE PACIFIC OCEAN. 
 
 WASHINOTON: 
 
 GOVERNMENT PKINTINCJ OFF I OK 
 1 8 S . 
 
 C>V*/ U 
 
NOTES 
 
 TO ACCOMPANY 
 
 KEELER'S MAP OF THE U. S. TERRITORY, 
 
 FROM THE 
 
 MISSISSIPPI RIVER TO THE PACIFIC OCEAN, 
 
 CONTAINING 
 
 AUTHENTIC INFORMATION CONNECTED WITH 
 THE TERRITORIES, 
 
 DIFFERENT RAILROAD ROUTES TO THE PACIFIC OCEAN. 
 
 UJjJJU^A....^ 9. y^cuJL^n^ 
 
 WASHINGTON: 
 
 G O A' E R X M K N T T R I X T I N G OFFICE. 
 
 18G8. 
 
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 K isr O T E 8 . 
 
 /} This national map of the Territories of the United States, from the 
 g Mississippi river to the Pacific ocean, was made by authority of 
 Hon. 0. H. Browning, Secretary of the Interior, in the office of the 
 Indian Bureau, chiefly for government purposes. It is compiled from 
 authorized explorations of the several Pacific Railroad routes, from 
 public surveys, and other reliable data in the Department at "Wash- 
 ington, D. C, by W. J. Keeler, civil engineer, under the direction 
 of Hon. N. G. Taylor. Commissioner of Indian Affairs, and Hon. 
 Charles E. Mix, chief clerk of the Indian Bureau. 
 
 Coming from such a source, and based upon such data, it is unneces- 
 sary to vouch for its accuracy and reliability. It is a complete rail- 
 road map, the only one published whicli shows the whole of the great 
 Pacific Railroad routes and their projections and branches, together 
 with all other railroads in the States and Territories bordering on the 
 Mississippi on both sides, showing at a glance the eastern connec- 
 tions of those Pacific roads with the existing railroad systems of the 
 country. 
 
 It shows the township and range lines of all public land surveys up 
 to date; the Indian reservations, forts, military posts, etc. To all 
 who own or deal in western lands this is a most valuable feature. 
 
 The location of all the known mines of gold, silver, copper, and 
 other valuable metals is carefully and accurately noted. These 
 mineral localities are scattered all over that immense region, from the 
 line of the British Possessions on the north to Mexico on the south, 
 and from the eastern slope of the Rocky mountain range almost to 
 the shores of the Pacific. Of the ultiniate value of these widely ex- 
 tended depositories of the precious met^ds no estimate can be made; 
 but that they are destined to exert a mighty influence upon our coun- 
 try and upon the entire world, as indeed they have already done, is 
 beyond question. 
 
 It is the attraction of these hidden treasures, more than anything 
 else, that is drawing those great lines of railroad across the conti- 
 nent; and in those treasures the enterprising n»en who are urging 
 those magnificent works forward have their surest guarantee of 
 success. 
 
The pvnfound interest now felt by the wliole American people in 
 the great thoroughfares progressing or projected, in the Indian trou- 
 bles, in the ra[»id advance of settlement, and in the development of 
 new features of grandeur and beauty, and new sources of national 
 wealth, will cause this map to be hailed as a source of instruction and 
 enjoyment by all, and as a valuable acquisition to the school and the 
 library. 
 
 Particular attention is invited to the Colorado river as here shown. 
 It is from actual survey, and exhibits that magnificent stream as it has 
 never been mapped before, and as it really is — one of the great rivers 
 of this continent. 
 
 Address: W. J. KEELER, 
 
 Indian Bureau. 
 
 Statement shoivinrj the number of acres of public lands surveyed in the 
 folloiuing States and Territories vj) to June 30, 1867, of public lands 
 aiid private land claims; and cdso total area of the public domain re- 
 maining unsurveyf'd ivithin the same. 
 
 Missouri • • • • 
 Wisconsin • • • 
 
 Iowa 
 
 Minnesota • • • 
 Indian Ter • • • 
 
 Kansas 
 
 Nebraska • ' • ■ 
 California • • • 
 
 Nevada 
 
 Oregon 
 
 Wash' ton Ter 
 Colorado • • • 
 
 Utah 
 
 Arizona 
 
 New ]\Iexico • 
 
 Dakota 
 
 Idaho 
 
 Montana • • • • 
 
 No. of acres of 
 public land sur- 
 veyed up to 
 Juue 30, 1867. 
 
 41,824,000 
 34,511,360 
 35,228,800 
 22 910,612 
 
 20,510,443 
 
 15,520,249 
 28,711,327 
 763,969 
 6,144,636 
 3,880.038 
 2,844,857 
 2,517,912 
 
 2,332,555 
 2,663,660 
 
 Total area of the 
 public lands re- 
 maining unsur- 
 veyed. 
 
 30.549,228 
 
 31,533,077 
 33,116,551 
 92,236,513 
 70,973,772 
 54,830,724 
 40,916,122 
 64,035.143 
 53,837,723 
 72,906,304 
 75,236,085 
 151,318,420 
 58,196,^80 
 92,016,640 
 
 Total number of 
 acres. 
 
 41,824,000 
 34,511.360 
 35,228,800 
 53,459,840 
 
 52,043,520 
 48,636,800 
 
 120,947,840 
 71,737,741 
 60,975,360 
 44,796,160 
 66,880,000 
 56,355,635 
 72,906,304 
 77,568,640 
 
 153,982,080 
 58,196 480 
 92,016,640 
 
 Square miles. 
 
 65,350 
 
 53,924 
 
 55,045 
 
 83,531 
 
 68,991 
 
 81,318 
 
 75,995 
 
 188,981 
 
 112,090 
 
 95,274 
 
 69,994 
 
 104,500 
 
 88.057 
 
 113,916 
 
 121,201 
 
 240,597 
 
 90,932 
 
 143,776 
 
Manner of proceediJig to obtain title to public lands, by purchase, by 
 location with loarrants or agricultural college scrip, by pre-emption, 
 and homestead. 
 
 Iti all the States and Territories mentioned there are lari^e bodies of 
 public lands, all of which, except such as contain mines or minerals, 
 are subject to be taken possession of and ultimately acquired by any 
 persons who may wish to cultivate and obtain them under the pre- 
 emption laws. Citizens of the United States, and other persons who 
 have made a formal declaration of their intentions to become citizens, 
 can settle upon and maintain possession of 160 acres of such land any- 
 wdiere, whether surve^'ed or unsurveyed. Titles or patents from the 
 United States can be obtained after the lands have been surveyed, 
 upon making proof of the settlement and improvement of the premises, 
 and paying one dollar and twenty-five cents per acre. Government 
 lands within twenty miles of the Pacific railroads are sold at double 
 that price. 
 
 Under the homestead law, after land has been surveyed, persons 
 similarly qualified can, upon paying the sura of $14 for 160 acres, or 
 a correspondingly less sum for a smaller quantity of land, commence 
 a homestead claim, and at the end of five years thereafter, on making 
 proof of inhabitation and cultivation of the land during the inter- 
 vening period, and paying the inconsiderable fees of the land officers, 
 obtain a conveyance from the United States. Where lands held at 
 $2.50 per acre are claimed under the homestead law, not more thau 
 eighty acres can be acquired by one person. 
 
 After public lands are surveyed into sections of 640 acres each, and 
 quarter sections of 160 acres each, those not taken up under the pre- 
 emption and homestead laws are generally, soon afterwards, offered 
 at public sale to the highest bidder, and such as remain thereafter 
 undisposed of ^re liable to be sold, by the register of the land dis- 
 trict, to any one who applies for them and pays the proper price, or 
 they may be taken up by military land warrants, or scrip of various 
 kinds. In this way any person may obtain as much land as he wishes 
 to purchase. 
 
 Large quantities of land have been surveyed in California, Oregon, 
 Kansas, and Nebraska, and considerable quantities in Colorado, Ne- 
 vada, and Washington Territory, and these surveys are being con- 
 stantly extended. Officers have also been appointed, and provision 
 made by law for surveying in all the other Territories mentioned; and 
 land offices are organized and open, or in progress of organization, in 
 
all of them. Thus in a few years (lie macliincrv for surveying and 
 selling the lands will be everywhere in full operation. 
 
 Lands which have been granted to any of the Pacific Railroad com- 
 panies can usually be obtained from the company at about the same 
 price as the government lands in similar locations are sold for. 
 
 It will be observed that these remarks do not apply to lands con- 
 taining minerals. 
 
 Liberal provision has, however, been made by a recent act of Con- 
 gress, according to which discoverers and occupants of mines, whose 
 improvements or expenditures thereupon amount to $1,000 in value, 
 can obtain titles to mines and mineral lodes in extent sufficient for 
 all practical mining purposes. 
 
UNITED STx\.TES LAND OFFICES. 
 
 OHIO. 
 
 Chillicothe. 
 
 INDIANA. 
 Indianapolis. 
 
 ILLINOIS. 
 Springfield. 
 
 MISSOURI 
 
 Boonville, 
 
 Ironton, 
 
 Springfield. 
 
 ALABAMA. 
 
 Mobile, 
 
 Huntsville, 
 
 Montgomery. 
 
 MISSISSIPPI. 
 
 Jackson. 
 
 LOUISIANA. 
 
 New Orleans. 
 
 Monroe, 
 
 Natchitoches. 
 
 MICHIGAN. 
 
 Detroit, 
 East Saginaw, 
 Ionia, 
 Marquette, 
 Traverse City. 
 
 ARKANSAS. 
 
 Little Rock, 
 Washington. 
 Clarksville. 
 
 FLORIDA. 
 
 Tallahassee. 
 
 IOWA. 
 
 Fort Des Moines, 
 Council Blufts, 
 Fort Dodge, 
 Sioux City. 
 
 WISCONSIN. 
 
 Menasha. 
 
 Falls of St. Croix, 
 
 Stevens' Point, 
 
 La Crosse, 
 
 Bayfield. 
 
 Eau Claire. 
 
 CALIFORNIA. 
 
 San Francisco, 
 
 Marysville, 
 
 Humboldt, 
 
 Stockton, 
 
 Visalia, 
 
 Sacramento. 
 
 NEVADA. 
 
 Carson City, 
 
 Austin, 
 
 Belmont. 
 
 WASHINGTON T. 
 
 Olympia, 
 Vancouver. 
 
 MINNESOTA. 
 
 Taylor's Falls, 
 St." Cloud, 
 Winnebago City, 
 St. Peter, 
 Greenleaf, 
 Du Luth. 
 
 OREGON. 
 
 Oregon City, 
 Roseburg, 
 Le Grand. 
 
 KANSAS. 
 
 Topeka, 
 Junction City, 
 Humboldt. 
 
 NEBRASKA. 
 
 Omaha City, 
 Brownsville, 
 Nebraska City, 
 Dakota City. 
 
 NEW MEXICO T. 
 
 Santa Fe. 
 
 DAKOTA T. 
 
 Vermillion. 
 
 COLORADO T. 
 
 Denver City, 
 Fair Play. 
 
 IDAHO T. 
 
 Boise City, 
 Lewiston. 
 
 MONTANA T. 
 
 Helena. 
 
 ARIZONA T. 
 Prescott. 
 
8 
 
 Total number of Indians in the United States up to March, 1867. 
 
 From the report of Hon. 0. H. Browning, Secretary of the Interior, 
 coraminiic-atin^- information in rehition to the Indian tribes, in com- 
 pliance with a resolution of the Senate of March 29, 1867, said report 
 having been prepared in the Indian Bureau, there are two hundred 
 and thirty-nine tribes, numbering 307,096, as follows: 
 
 Washington Territory 14,800 
 
 Oregon 10,471 
 
 California 25,962 
 
 Arizona Territory 34, 500 
 
 Nevada ^. 8,200 
 
 Utah Territory 19, 800 
 
 New Mexico Territory 19,910 
 
 Colorado Territory 5,000 
 
 Dakota Territory 24,470 
 
 Idaho '7.330 
 
 Montana 13,633 
 
 Total in States and Territories 184,076 
 
 f S. E. Dakota ) -.o i-o 
 
 Northern Superintendency, J ]\J■el3^.J^g]^.^ r" 18,1 18 
 
 Central Superintendency, Kansas 12,837 
 
 Southern Superintendency, Indian Territory •• • 53,904 
 Independent Agencies 26, 774 
 
 Total in Superiutendencies and Agencies 111,693 
 
 Total 295,769 
 
 To the above should be added the following ;;pproxi- 
 mate estimates: 
 
 Camanches in N. W. Texas 4, 000 
 
 Cherokees in Georgia and North Carolina 2,000 
 
 Sacs and Foxes in Iowa 400 
 
 Seminoles in Florida 500 
 
 Sisseton and other tribes in N. E. Dakota 3,500 
 
 St. Regis in New York « 077 
 
 Wyandotts 250 
 
 Total of approximate estimates 11, 327 
 
 Total Indians in U. S. 307,096 
 
The followinf^ shows the decrease of Indians during the last seven 
 years : 
 
 PopuUvtion, per Eighth Census U. S. 1860 340, 389 
 
 Population, 1867 307,096 
 
 Decrease 
 
 or about 10 per cent, in seven years. 
 
 83,293 
 
 Grants to the Pacific Railroads in United States Bonds. 
 
 
 Length in miles. 
 
 Amount per 
 mile. 
 
 Total amount. 
 
 Central Pacific. 
 
 From Sacramento to the west- 
 ern base of the Sierra Ne- 
 
 <1 18 
 
 150. »»» 
 
 826. «' 
 150. """' 
 523."'"' 
 
 $16,000 
 48,000 
 
 32,000 
 48,000 
 16,000 
 
 $114,880 
 7,200,000 
 
 26,458,240 
 7,200,000 
 
 Thence across the Sierra Ne- 
 
 Thence by the Central and 
 Union Pacific to the Rocky 
 mountains 
 
 Thence across the Rocky moun- 
 
 Thence by Union Pacific to 
 Omaha 
 
 8,368,000 
 
 Total Union and Central Pacific 
 
 For a length equal to the dis- 
 tance from the mouth of the 
 Kansas river to the 100th 
 meridian, Eastern Division • • 
 
 Central Sranch Union Pacific 
 from Atcliirfon west 
 
 Sioux City and Pacific from 
 Sioux City to Fremont • • • • 
 
 Western Pacific from San Jos6 
 to Sacramento 
 
 1,657. '""' 
 
 385. """ 
 100. •""• 
 100. »"" 
 120. °''" 
 
 16,000 
 16,000 
 16,000 
 16,000 
 
 49,341,120 
 
 6,160,000 
 1,600,000 
 1,600,000 
 1,920,000 
 
 Grand Total 
 
 2,362. """ 
 
 
 ^60,621,120 
 
 
 The bonds issued for these railroads bear six per cent, currency 
 interest, and the companies severally are authorized to issue an equal 
 amount of tlieir own bonds having priority over the government 
 issues. 
 
" 10 
 
 The grants of bonds and lands to the company arc made upon 
 condition that the company shall pay the bonds at matnrity, (being 
 30 years from date,) and shall keep its railroad and telegraph line 
 in repair and use, and shall at all times transmit dispatches over its 
 telegraph lines, and transport mails, troops, and munitions of war^ 
 supplies, and public stores, u[)on its railroad for the government, 
 whenever required to do so by any department thereof; and that the 
 government shall at all times have the preference in the use of the 
 same for all i)urposes, (at fair and reasonable rates of compensation, 
 not to exceed the amounts paid by private parties for the' same kind 
 of service;) and half of the compensation for services rendered for 
 the government shall be applied to the payment of the bonds and 
 intert-st until the whoh; amount is paid; and after the road is com- 
 pleted, until the bonds and interest are paid, at least five per centum 
 of the net earnings of the road shall be annually applied to the pay- 
 ment. 
 
 LAND GRANTS. 
 
 The land grants embrace the alternate sections designated by odd 
 numbers to the amount of 20 miles on each side of the railroad, (as 
 amended Jul}'- 2, 1862,) on the line thereof, and within the limits of 
 40 miles, not sold, reserved, or otherwise disposed of b}'- the United 
 States, and to which a pre-emption or homestead claim may not have 
 attached at the time the line of said railroad is definitely fixed. 
 
 All mineral lands, except coal and iron, are excepted from the 
 grant; but where mineral lands contain timber, the timber thereon is 
 granted to the company. 
 
 Talile of distances hy the Union Pacific Ilailway, E. Z>. , via Kansas 
 
 City. 
 
 To St. Louis 
 
 Kansas Cit}' • ■ 
 Pond Creek • • 
 
 Denver 
 
 Santa Fe 
 
 Guaymas 
 
 San Diego • • • • 
 San Francisco 
 
 385 
 
 GOl 
 
 750 
 
 1,437 
 
 1,600 
 
 1,923 
 
 283 
 668 
 884 
 1,033 
 1,720 
 1,883 
 2,206 
 
 t^ S 
 
 fM 
 
 957 
 1,240 
 1,525 
 1,841 
 1,990 
 2,677 
 2,840 
 3,163 
 
 flj 
 
 
 
 
 o 
 
 
 .§ 
 
 rt 
 
 C3 
 
 ^ c3 
 
 S 
 
 s^ 
 
 
 o 
 
 u 
 
 
 ^ 
 
 p^ 
 
 926 
 
 998 
 
 1,209 
 
 1,281 
 
 1,594 
 
 1,666 
 
 1,811 
 
 1,882 
 
 1,959 
 
 2,031 
 
 2,646 
 
 2,718 
 
 2,809 
 
 2,881 
 
 3,132 
 
 3,204 
 
 ^ 
 
 o 
 
 
 M 
 
 Ph 
 
 1,069 
 1,352 
 1,737 
 1,953 
 2.102 
 2,789 
 2,952 
 3, 275 
 
11 
 
 Tahle of distances by the Union Pacific Railroal via Omaha. 
 
 
 fH 
 
 Ph 
 
 f^ 
 
 
 1^ 
 
 To CLiicago 
 
 Omaha 
 
 Cheyenne 
 
 To Denver • • • • 
 
 Salt Lake 
 
 Sacramento ■ • • 
 San Francisco • 
 
 514 
 
 738 
 
 1,014 
 
 1,637 
 
 1,807 
 
 491 
 1,005 
 1,229 
 1,505 
 
 2.128 
 2,298 
 
 842 
 1,333 
 1.847 
 2,071 
 1,347 
 2,970 
 3,140 
 
 802 
 1,293 
 1,807 
 2,031 
 2,307 
 2,930 
 3,100 
 
 824 
 1,315 
 1,829 
 2,153 
 2 329 
 2,952 
 3,122 
 
 960 
 1.451 
 1,965 
 2,189 
 2,465 
 3,088 
 3,258 
 
 Latitude and longitude of the principal jpoints on both routes. 
 
 Kansas City 
 
 Omaha 
 
 Pond Creek 
 
 Phitte Station, North Platte 
 Albuquerque, (Rio Grande) • 
 Bridger's Pass, (summit of 
 
 Rocky Mountains) 
 
 Prescott, (centre of Arijiona) 
 Northern end of Salt Lake- 
 Aubrey, (Colorado river) • • 
 Northern bend of Humboldt 
 
 river 
 
 San Francisco 
 
 Latitude. 
 
 39° 
 
 
 4r 
 
 20' 
 
 38° 
 
 50' 
 
 410 
 
 15' 
 
 35° 
 
 5' 
 
 41° 
 
 35' 
 
 34° 
 
 35' 
 
 41° 
 
 45' 
 
 34° 
 
 20' 
 
 41° 
 
 5' 
 
 37° 
 
 45' 
 
 Longitude. 
 
 94° 35' 
 95° 55' 
 
 101° 50' 
 
 101° 
 
 106° 30' 
 
 107° 
 112° 5' 
 113° 
 114° 10' 
 
 117° 40' 
 132° 30' 
 
 North of 
 San Franc. 
 
 1° 15' 
 3° 35' 
 1° 5' 
 3° 30' 
 
 3° 50' 
 40 
 
 3° 20' 
 
 South of 
 San Franc. 
 
 2° 40' 
 
 3° 10' 
 
 3° 25' 
 
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18 
 
 COLOKAOO. 
 
 The surveyor general of Colorado in liis report speaks as fol- 
 lows: "The middle Park consists of broad fertile valleys along innu- 
 merable mountain streams, separated by low ranges of hills covered 
 with pine timber. All the valleys are covered with a heavy growth of 
 native grass, which for hay cannot be excelled." This is true of 
 the North and South Parks. The population of Colorado is about 
 60,000, and steadily increasing. Golden City, the capital, and 
 Denver City, are the prominent places of this Territory. The cli- 
 mate is delightful, the air pure and wholesome, and the soil ex- 
 ceedingly fertile. The country is well watered by its numerous rivers 
 and affluents, while springs of mineral and pure fresh water gush from 
 unseen sources and run tributary to the streams. Gold, silver, cop- 
 per, lead, iron, coal, and petroleum are here in large quantities, and 
 ready to pay tribute to the industry of its people and add to the 
 national wealth. Clear Creek and Spanish Bar are among the richest 
 deposits of gold, and give promise of a glittering harvest to the 
 people who sound the note of civilization in this now comparative 
 Avilderness. Two branches of the Pacific Railroad are to pass through 
 this Territory. 
 
 UTAH. 
 
 This is in many respects a delightful country; the climate clear and 
 dry, and the atmosphere beautifully transparent. The population of 
 Utah is nearly 120,000. The capital. Great Salt Lake City, is the most 
 important place west of the Missouri river and east of the great 
 western range of mountains. The arable land of this Territory is not 
 equal in, extent to that of the Territories lying north of it, but 
 the valleys are fertile, and produce some good timber,asdo the slopes 
 of the mountains. The southwestern portion is rich in copper, gold, 
 and silver, while salt enough to supply the world can be furnished in 
 this region. The Union and Central Pacific Railroad, as projected, 
 passes through the northern part of the Territory, and will be the im- 
 mediate means of developing the vast resources of this region of 
 country. 
 
 MONTANA. 
 
 The soil of this Territory is very fine along the streams and valleys, 
 and well adapted to growing grain crops, as well as stock raising and 
 grazing. The population is about 55,000, and constantly increasing. 
 The principal places are Virginia City, Helena, the capital, Gallatin 
 
19 
 
 City, Bannock City and Fort Senton. The latter is the bead of navi- 
 gation on the Missouri river, and numerous steamers ascend to this 
 place annually. In the west flows the Columbia river, and in the 
 eastern and central part the Yellowstone. Timber is abundant; the 
 climate cool, invigorating, and healthful. Among the mountains val- 
 uable deposits of the precious metals are found, and a reference to 
 our map will satisfy the observer that this Territory is greatly supe- 
 rior in mineral wealth to those lying contiguous to it. Coal is 
 abundant, and of good quality, on the upper waters of the Yellow- 
 stone. As an indication of what the future may develop, it can be 
 stated that the value of gold alone taken from the mines of Montana 
 in 1866 was $18,000,000; sufficient, it would seem, to arrest the ear- 
 nest attention of capitalists. The projected route of the Northern 
 Pacific Railroad traverses the entire length of Montana, along the fer- 
 tile valley of the Yellowstone, touching the vast coal fields on its 
 headwaters; thence diverging northwest, crosses the Missouri river 
 about sixty miles above Fort Benton, through Lewis Pass, and finally 
 down the south bank of Clark's Fork, one of the tributaries of the 
 Columbia, crossing the former on the line of Idaho. 
 
 TTASIUNGTORf TERKITORY 
 
 Has a population of 30,000. Much of the land is superb for graz- 
 ing. Timber is tolerably plentiful, and the prairie laud is very fine. 
 The Columbia is the principal river. Olympia, the capital, and Van- 
 couver, arc the most populous towns. The Cascade range of moun- 
 tains divides the Territory into eastern and western; the former is 
 mountainous, with but little wood. The climate is variable, producing 
 the various grain crops and most of the fruits. Gold is found in the 
 extreme eastern portion of the Territory. The western section 
 difTers greatly from the eastern. It is covered with a fine growth of 
 timber, and has a good soil, particularly along tiie river margins. 
 The climate is damp and mild both in summer and winter, the latter 
 being of short duration. Coal has been developed and is already an 
 article of commerce, and indications of the precious metals have been 
 discovered. The Northern Pacific Railroad has two projected routes 
 in this Territory — the northern beginning at the mouth of Snake river 
 and running northwesterly, terminating at Seatle, on Admiralty Inlet; 
 the southern follows the Columbia vallej", and terminates at Van- 
 couver. 
 
20 
 
 This State was admitted into tlie Union February 14, 1859, and 
 now lias a population of Go. 000. Its towns are Salem, the capital, 
 Portland, Astoria, founded by the late John Jacob Astor, Eugene 
 City, Oregon City, Roseburg, and Legrand City. Portland ia a busy 
 town, and one of the largest lumber marts on ihe Pacific coast. Jose- 
 phine and Jackson counties abound in gold, as do some of the valleys 
 of the Blue mountains. The value of gold from Oregon in 18G«J 
 amouted to $8,000,000. Tin has been discovered, and large quan- 
 tities of coal, lead, and iron lie concealed in the soil of this State 
 awaiting the industry of the people to wrest them from their obscurity. 
 
 The State is rugged and broken in consequence of its moun- 
 tainous character; but a great proportion of the soil, particularly 
 in the valleys, is good, and produces, with certainty, the ordinary 
 farm crops — wheat especially yielding enormously. Powder river. 
 Burnt, Malaheur, John Days, and Oyhee valleys are among the most 
 fertile parts of the Territory. East of the Cascade range the summers 
 are very warm, the winters mild and pleasant, the skies clear and 
 beautiful, with but little rain or snow. Timber is not abundant. West 
 of the Cascade range the country changes materially; a heavy growth 
 of pine timber covers the surface, the winters become severer, the 
 summers cooler and more pleasant. As in the eastern part, the valleys 
 and portions of the upland are fertile, with forests of pine of superb 
 growth. The rivers and streams are filled with the rarest fish, sal- 
 mon especially frequenting these waters in large numbers, and of the 
 finest quality. The coast indentations form many excellent harbors. 
 The grandeur of the scenery of Oregon has inspired the pen of the 
 poet, and been the theme of all who have been fortunate enough to 
 witness its magnificence. Its mountain tops enveloped in perpetual 
 snow — their bases carpeted with never-fading verdure — their slopes 
 clothed with trees of gigantic proportions — its beautiful lakes, pre- 
 cipices, and cascades — strike the beholder with a powerful sense of his 
 own insignificance, and of the wisdom, power, and munificence of the 
 Creator. 
 
 NEVADA. 
 
 This State was admitted to a place in the great American sister- 
 hood March 24, 1867, and at once assumed the dignity appertaining 
 to that exalted position. It has a population of about 70,000, and is 
 increasing in a fair ratio with the adjacent Territories. The most 
 noted towns are Virginia City, Carson, the capital, and Austin, 
 
21 
 
 all thriving, busy towns, and augmenting in population and importance . 
 The State is situated on a plain rising 4,000 feet above the level of 
 the sea, and forms a portion of the great American Basin, and has 
 the peculiar dry and salubrious climate of that western region of 
 country. Ranges of mountains cross the State, whose sides are 
 covered with pine, spruce, and fir. The timber is principally in the 
 mountains- There are some good agricultural lands in the valleys. The 
 water of the streams is pure and fresh, while that of the lakes is 
 alkaline. Nevada is great in mineral wealth, both as to quantity and 
 variety. The northern portion produces gold, while the centrivl 
 and western furnish silver and copper in apparently inexhaustible 
 quantities. The mountains contain iron, lead, tin, and platinum. 
 Salt is found in beds, while soda and the other mineral salts are 
 among the valuable products of this State. Coal has been dis- 
 covered, and granite, marble, and other building stone, in sufficient 
 quantities for all practical purposes, can be taken from their beds at 
 a trifling cost. The Colorado river flows along a part of the southern 
 boundary, and is navigated to Callville, near which are valuable coal 
 mines. 
 
 As the great Pacific Railroad pushes its way over this Territory, and 
 the iron horse goes shrieking through the wilderness, awakening 
 echoes that have ever lain dormant, capital and labor will find 
 remunerative occupation, emigration will be quickened, and it is not 
 difficult to foretell the future of this State. 
 
 IDAHO. 
 
 This extensive Territory has a population of 50,000, and is fast 
 filling up and forming populous towns, among which are Boise City, 
 the capital, Idaho City, Placerville, Pioneer City, Centerville, and 
 Lewistown. The country is well watered by numerous streams, 
 which gather from mountain springs, and the atmosphere is so singu- 
 larly clear and beautiful that objects at a distance appear as if very 
 near, and the eye will experience no fatigue in recognizing figures at a 
 very long distance. Fine timber is plentiful in the mountains, as 
 well as in the vicinity of the streams. The central portions of the Ter- 
 ritory are without wood in quantities. Steamers ply regularly on 
 the Shoshonee, from the Blue mountains to Salmon Falls, passing 
 within thirty miles of the capital. Immense beds of coal have been 
 discovered in the southeastern part, and the precious metals may be 
 found throughout the Territory. Mineral springs are frequent, and 
 salt and sulphur can be had in quantities. The projected route of 
 the Northern Pacific Railroad passes through the northern portion of 
 
22 
 
 this Territory. The greater part of it, however, lies near the central 
 route, and will, perhaps, be sooner benefited by the completion of 
 the latter. 
 
 NE^V HIEXICO. 
 
 The immense Territory named above has a population of 125,000, 
 and emigration is constantly adding to the number. Santa Fe, the 
 capita], and Albuquerque, are the most populous settlements in the 
 Territory. There is a fair proportion of good soil, the climate 
 genial, the grazing unsurpassed, and the fruits of the earth are 
 bountifully yielded. The finest grapes are produced in abundance, 
 and without doubt the future will reveal the fact, that in this locality 
 and its western parallel are to be realized the very highest expecta- 
 tions of wine and wool growers. The hilly regions produce a luxuriant 
 growth of pine, oak, and cedar, and along the streams and bottom 
 lands the cottonwood and willow are plentiful. The Rio Grande 
 and its tributaries water the northern and central pai-t of the Ter- 
 ritory, and flow to the Gulf of Mexico. The Territory of New Mexico 
 has within its borders the richest mines on earth; gold, silver, cop- 
 per, lead, and iron lie hidden in its soil awaiting the hand of enter- 
 prise to disclose and yield up these precious gifts, and enrich with 
 untold wealth the capitalists who first engage in this great work. 
 The projected route of the Union Pacific R. W., E. D., enters the 
 northeastern corner of the Territory, passing entirely across it from 
 east to west, and is nearly completed to Pond Creek station, about 
 200 miles from the eastern boundary of New Mexico. Should the 
 building of this great national highway progress in the future as it 
 has in the past, January, 1870, will find it completed entirely through 
 New Mexico. 
 
 I^fDlAN TERKITORY. 
 
 The Indian territor} is a beautiful tract of country, the soil im- 
 mensely fertile, and the farmer or stock raiser can have no reasonable 
 desire unsatisfied in this fine locality. The valleys of the Arkansas, 
 Canadian, Red, Washita, Grand, Red and South Forks have a pro- 
 lific soil, and the widely dissimilar products of the North and South. 
 Cotton and corn, wheat and tobacco, here find a genial climate, a 
 soil adapted to their wants, and flourish in great luxuriance side by 
 side. There is a good growth of timber in the valleys, among which 
 appears the invaluable live oak. Tniiuiaerable streams furnish a never- 
 failing supply of water, and the prairie can be pastured from one end 
 of the year to the other. Salt is found in the more northern part of 
 
23 
 
 the Territory. The climate is mihl and sahibrious. No very satis- 
 factory knowledge has been gained of the mineral resources of the 
 Indian Territory, but doubtless the coal fields of southern Kansas 
 extend into it, and gold, iron, and load may yet be discovered among 
 the mountains of Washita and San Bois. The Indian country has two 
 fine outlets, by which its products may reach the Mississippi — the 
 Red river in the southern, the Arkansas in the northern section. 
 The various roads of Kansas, uniting near the northern boundary, 
 form a line passing entirely across the Territory from north to south 
 in the direction of Galveston. 
 
 DAKOTA 
 
 "Was organized in March, 18G1, and extends from the Red river of 
 the north to the Rocky mountains, and from the headwaters of the 
 Colorado river to British America, having a population of 25,000. 
 The largest towns are Yankton, the capital, and Vermillion. The neigh- 
 borhood of the Missouri river is well timbered and exceedingly fertile, 
 possessing fine agricultural lands. In a northerly direction the coun- 
 try changes, and is well adapted to grazing, stock doing well through- 
 out the year; water is plentiful. The climate is similar to that of 
 central Illinois and northern New York. That portion lying west of 
 the Missouri river is not very suitable for agriculture, but immensely 
 wealthy in mineral production, especially in the vicinity of the Black 
 Hills, which extend along the base of the Big Horn and Snow moun- 
 tains to Virginia City, in Montana. The country here has a strong 
 growth of fine timber. Extensive coal fields, yet to be developed, lie 
 along the right bank of the Missouri river in the vicinity of Fort Rice. 
 The Missouri river is navigable 1,975 miles above Yankton, and 
 divides the eastern portion of the Territory into two almost equal parts. 
 The contemplated Territory of Wyoming embraces the southwestern 
 portion of this Territory, lying upon the upper Platte river, and is 
 that district of country cut ofi" from Montana upon its organization. 
 The important roads projected in this Territory are the Northern 
 Pacific, running from St. Paul and the head of Lake Superior to Pu- 
 get's Sound, crossing the northern part of the Territory aiid the Union 
 Pacific through the western division from Omaha to San Francisco. 
 
 KAIVSAS. 
 
 Kansas was admitted into the Union with all the privileges of a State, 
 January 29, 1861, and has a population of 300,000. Leavenworth, a 
 populous town of 25,000 inhabitatants, is one of the termini of the 
 Union Pacific R. W. , E. D. , and the general rendezvous for parties going 
 
24 
 
 far west. The towns are numerous: Topeka, the capital, Lawrence, 
 Atchison, Fort Scott, Junction City, Paola, and Ottawa, all increasing 
 in population and importance. The climate is fine and salubrious; 
 the summer is warm, but the nights cool and delightful; the winter 
 is mild, with but little snow, and that disappearing almost as fast as 
 it falls. The hills and slopes of the large rolling prairies are rich, 
 and produce the various cereals in the greatest abundance; the val- 
 leys and bottom lauds are no where excelled in fertility and ease of 
 cultivation. Cotton can be raised profitably in the southern parts. 
 Kansas is a fine stock-growing country, sheep especially being very 
 prolific. The timber is varied, and in sufficient quantity for all prac- 
 tical purposes for a great number of years to come. Coal is found in 
 thin veins throughout the State to meet all practical demands, and in 
 quality comparing favorably with that of other coal regions. In the 
 vicinity of Fort Scott the veins are six feet in thickness. Building 
 stone in great variety is readily obtained, and at Junction City a 
 white magnesian limestone is taken from the quarries in any required 
 shape or size and sawed the same as timber into slabs; indeed, some 
 of it has, it is said, been used for flooring. Though soft when first 
 quarried, it soon hardens from exposure to the weather. Of tliis stone 
 the capitol, at Topeka, is being constructed. Nature has bountifully 
 provided for the wants of mankind in this State. The railroad future 
 of Kansas is very promising. More than 300 miles of the Union Pa- 
 cific R. W., E. D., is now finished from the Missouri river, its lines 
 from Kansas City and Leavenworth uniting at Lawrence. This road 
 is rapidly approaching the State line west. The Leavenworth, Law- 
 rence, and Galveston Railroad, and the Kansas City, Fort Scott, and 
 Galveston Railroad, open communication with the Lidian country and 
 the Gulf of Mexico. The Southern Branch Pacific Railroad is being 
 constructed from Junction City down the Neosho valley, forming a 
 junction with the Leavenworth, Lawrence, and Galveston Railroad. 
 The Missouri River R. R. from Wyandotte to Leavenworth, and nearly 
 100 miles of the central branch of the Union Pacific Railroad, are com. 
 pleted. 
 
 NEBRASKA, 
 
 Recently admitted into the Union, is a thriving State, and rapidly 
 filling up with a people hardy and willing, and is surely progressing 
 to a brilliant future. The surface is generally high and gently rol- 
 ling; the margins of the streams have a good soil and are very pro- 
 ductive. The population is now about 80,000. Omaha, the capital, 
 is the eastern terminus of the Union Pacific Railroad, has 14,000 in- 
 
25 
 
 habitants, and is one of the important and influential cities of the 
 West. Brownsville, Nebraska, Dakota and Cheyenne City are rap- 
 idly advancing in popuhition and position. Coal is said to exist in 
 several localities. Much of the soil in the eastern part of the State 
 is fine, particular]}' that bordering on the streams. Large yields of 
 grain, especially spring wheat, are produced, and the country is admi- 
 rably adapted to stock raising. In a westerly direction the country 
 changes; the soil is not so good, and is without timber; but the plains 
 afford good pasturage and are very healthy. The prairies extend 
 in every direction, have a great variety of soil, and are intersected 
 by streams of excellent water. The Niobrarah, Republican, and 
 Platte rivers are the largest water-courses; the latter, though a large 
 river, is not navigable, but runs through broad and fertile valleys. 
 
 The Union Pacific Railroad, starting at Omaha, is finished, and in 
 working order entirely across the State. 
 
 CAI.IFORIVIA. 
 
 "This State, great in the energy of its people, the fertility of its 
 soil, the wealth of its mines, the purity of its climate, and the gran- 
 deur of its scener}'', can be but very partially described in such limits 
 as we are here compelled to assume. No country is a more worthy 
 subject for the pen of the student or the pencil of the artist than the 
 golden State of California." 
 
 The advancement of California in all tliat constitutes material 
 greatness has been only in accordance with its wonderful internal 
 resources. Everything man can desire to perfect his schemes or 
 aggrandize himself is there furnished in great prodigality; the wildest 
 imaginings of eastern tales are verified ; gold, silver, and pre- 
 cious stones are literally poured out for the gratification of the human 
 species, and the wonders of creation made commonplace. The fol- 
 lowing is a partial summary of the products of the State: 
 
 Ores. — Copper, silver, antimony, manganese, iron, lead, arsenic, 
 magnesium, tin, zinc, mercury, nickel, and cobalt. 
 
 Non-metallic minerals. — Marble, alabaster, sulphate and carbonate 
 of lime, pipe clay, fullers' earth, sulphur, borax, fire clay, soapstones, 
 lithographer's stone, petroleum, asphaltum, salt, alum, emery, coal, 
 and black lead. 
 
 Building materials. — Granites, sandstones, limestones, marble, 
 slates, and brick clay. 
 
 Gems and precious stones. — Diamonds, rubies, emeralds, ameth^-sts, 
 garnets, topaz, agates, jaspers, carnelians, opals, and sapphires. 
 
26 
 
 The Central Pacific Railroad, starting at Sacramento, is now quite 
 completed to the eastern border of the State, and rapidly progressing 
 towards Salt Lake. The construction of the road through the Sierra 
 Nevada mountains is one of the greatest achievements of the age, 
 and will forever reflect credit upon the parties who have accomplished 
 it. San Francisco will now be united with Sacramento by rail via 
 San Jose, which are to be connected in tlie great chain from Omalia 
 to the Pacific. 
 
 The proposed Pacific Railroad, via New Mexico and Arizona, enters 
 the State of California, and runs " westward until it turns the southern 
 extremity of the Sierra Nevada range, and thence northwest all the 
 way up the great valley of southern California to the bay of San 
 Francisco, a distance of between four and five hundred miles, 
 
 "This is known to be one of the finest valleys on the continent. 
 The Sierra Nevada bounds it on the northeast, the Coast Range on 
 the southwest— the mountains, the valley, and the coast all running 
 in parallel lines. The average width of this valley is not much less 
 than one hundred miles, renowned for its extraordinary produc- 
 tiveness — its wheat, its grapes, and many other things." 
 
 Dr. Autisell, in speaking of tlie climate of California as adap- 
 ted to the growth and cultivation of cinchona, says : "A personal 
 experience and examination of the southern counties of California, I 
 think, justify the assertion that on the western slopes of the Sierra 
 Nevada, in Tulare county, or on the mountain ranges in Santa Bar- 
 bara county, may be found all the essentials of climate needed for 
 the vigorous growth of cinchona." 
 
 The finest grapes are grown in California, the soil and climate 
 assimilating nearly to that of the European wine country ; and the 
 time is not far distant when native wine, of California particularly, 
 will be preferred over the high-priced article of European manufac- 
 ture. Mr. Hittell, speaking of California as a grape and wine pro- 
 ducing country, says : 
 
 " California vineyards produce ordinarily twice as much as the 
 vineyards of any other grape district, if general report be true. The 
 grape crop never fails, as it does in every other country. Vineyards 
 in every other country require more labor, for here the vine is not 
 trained to a stake, but stands alone." 
 
 Mr. Hall remarks: " The grape region extends from the southern 
 boundary a distance of 595 miles north, with an average breadth fi'om 
 east to west of about 100 miles." Tiiis area extends a considerable 
 distance up the Sacramento river, which flows southward through the 
 
27 
 
 same valley, and breaks through the Coast Range almost directly east 
 of San Francisco.'' 
 
 The large county of Los Angelos is the principal vine-growing dis- 
 trict in California. In 18G4it had 3,570,000. 
 
 The climate of this State away from the coast is variable, frost 
 happening sometimes in July. The Pacific coast probably has no 
 equal for sheep culture. The wool product of that region, in 1865, 
 amounted to 5,250,000 pounds. The timber of California is the largest 
 in the world, the trees often rising to the height of three hundred 
 feet, with a diameter of thirty feet. 
 
 ARIZONA. 
 
 In speaking of this large and important Territory, we shall use the 
 language of the Hon. Richard McCormick, governor of Arizona. "If 
 there is less excitement over our raining interests, there is more con- 
 fidence in their excellence, and a strengthened belief that their de- 
 velopment will surprise the world. The rare advantages of wood, 
 water, and climate are more than sufficient to offset the cost of living 
 and heavy expense of transporting machinery here; and I believe, as 
 I have often asserted, that there are few localities upon the Pacific 
 coast where quartz raining can be so economically, agreeably, and 
 profitably pursued." 
 
 This territory possesses a large area of arable land, the whole 
 affording good pasturage. Two lines of railroads are projected through 
 the Territory — one by the 35th parallel, and the other by the Gila 
 river. Both of these routes are being surveyed by the Union Pacific 
 Railwa}'' Company, eastern division, for the purpose of selecting the 
 most feasible route. 
 
 "Prescott, the capital, is in the heart of a mining district second, 
 in my judgment, to none upon the Pacific coast. The surface ores 
 of thirty mines of gold and silver and copper, which I had assayed 
 in San Francisco, were pronounced equal to any surface ores ever 
 tested by the metallurgists, who are among the most skillful and ex- 
 perienced in the city; and so far as ore has been had from a depth, 
 it fully sustains its reputation. The veins are large and boldly de- 
 fined, and the ores are of varied classes, usually such as to be readily 
 and inexpensively worked, while the facilities for working them are 
 of a superior order. At the ledges is an abundant sui)ply of wood 
 and water; near at hand are grazing and farming lands, and roads 
 may be opened in any direction without great cost. Tiie altitude is 
 so great that the temperature is never oppressively warm; the 
 nights, even in midsummer, are refreshingly cool and bracing." 
 
28 
 
 The point wliere the Pacific Railroud enters the Territory is con- 
 siderably elevated, the cliniate healthful and invigoratiri.c;. 
 
 "Yavapai county embraces a part of Arizona as yet unknown to 
 map-makers, and in which the Territorial officers arrived hard upon 
 the heels of the first white inhabitants. Until LSGS, saving for a 
 short distance above the Gila, it was, even to the daring trapp.er and 
 the adventurous gold-seeker, a terra incor/nifa, although one of the 
 richest mineral, agricultural, grazing, and timber divisions of the 
 Territory, and abundantly supplied with game. Yavapai county is 
 nearly as large as the State of New York. The Verde and Salina 
 rivers, tributaries of the Gila, which run (southwardly) through its 
 centre, abound in evidences of a former civilization Here are the 
 most extensive and impressive ruins to be found in the Territory — 
 relics of cities, aqueducts, acquias, and canals, of mining and farming 
 operations, and of other employments, indicating an industrious and 
 enterprising people. Mr. Bartlett refers to these ruins as tradition- 
 ally reported to him to show the extent of the agricultural popula- 
 tion formly supported here, as well as to furnish an argument to sus- 
 tain the opinion that this is one of the most desirable positions for an 
 agricultural settlement of any between the Rio Grande and the Colo- 
 rado. 
 
 "In timber lands Yavapai county exceeds all others in the Terri- 
 tory. Beginning some miles south of Pre^cott, and running north of 
 the San Francisco mountain, is a forest of yellow pine, interspersed 
 with oak, sufficient to suppl}' all the timber for building material, for 
 mining, and for fuel that can be required for a large population." 
 
 Mineral resources of the Pacific slope. 
 The latest returns received at San Francisco show the following 
 results: 
 
 Receipts of treasure from all sources through regular public channels from 
 January 1 to September 30, 1867. 
 
 From California $21, 962, 027 
 
 From Nevada 13. 500, 000 
 
 Coastwise ports, from Oregon, &c 4, 242, 036 
 
 Imports from British Columbia, <fec 2, 880, 430 
 
 Total $42, 584, 493 
 
 Making due allowance for treasure carried in private hands, it is 
 estimated that the receipts of treasure at San Francisco, from all 
 sources, will closely approximate $50,000,000. This does not include 
 
29 
 
 the Territory from wliich the shipments are, for the most part, made 
 directly east. Our entire product of gold and silver this year will 
 probably amount to $75,000,000. 
 
 Treasure product of the tuorld, hij report of Special Commissioners J. 
 Boss Browne and James W. Taylor. 
 
 "At present, as well as for the last eighteen years, the ratio of 
 production is reversed — three of gold to one of silver. The follow- 
 ing statement is submitted as an approximation, carefully avoiding 
 exaggeration, of the quantities of the precious metals produced in 
 1866: 
 
 Country. 
 
 Gold. 
 
 Silver. 
 
 Total. 
 
 United States 
 
 Mexico and South 
 America. 
 
 $60,000,000 
 
 5,000,000 
 60.000,000 
 
 5,000,000 
 15,000,000 
 
 5,000,000 
 
 $20,000,000 
 
 35.000,000 
 
 1,000,000 
 
 500.000 
 
 1,500,000 
 
 2,000,000 
 
 $80,000,000 
 
 40,000,000 
 61,000,000 
 
 5.500,000 
 IG.500,000 
 
 7,000,000 
 
 British America • • • • 
 
 
 
 
 150,000,000 
 
 60,000,000 
 
 210,000.000 
 
 Transportation from the Missouri River to the Rocky Mountains. 
 
 The Quartermaster General's report to the Secretary of "War 
 for the year ending June 30, 1866, exhibits the transportation on 
 account of government, and the rates paid per 100 pounds per 100 
 miles. The rates from the Missouri river to northern Colorado, 
 Nebraska, Kansas, and New Mexico, $1.38, with an addition from 
 Fort Union, in New Mexico, to ports in that Territory, in Arizona, 
 and western Texas, of $1.79 per 100 pounds per 100 miles. 
 
 The total number of pounds transported was 81,489,321, or 40,775 
 tons, at a cost of $3,314,495. Parties familiar with the course of this 
 inland trade estimate that the transportation on account of govern- 
 ment is one-ninth the total amount of transportation. At this rate, 
 the whole amount paid in 1866 for freights from the Missouri river 
 westward was $30,830,055. 
 
 Not less than $50,000,000 per annum are expended on or near the 
 Pacific Railroad lines for the transportation of travellers and mer- 
 chandise. 
 
30 
 
 There are two indispensable requisites to the development o^ the 
 western mines: security from Indian hostilities, and the establish- 
 ment of railway communication to the Pacific coast on the parallels 
 of 35^, 41°, and 47<^. 
 
 In Australia a railway has been constructed from Melbourne to the 
 Ballarat gold fields, 380 miles, at a cost of $175,000 per mile, which 
 pays a net profit nearly equal to the interest on the immense invest- 
 ment. 
 
 The cost of the railways required to develop the mines of the 
 United States, per mile, w^ill not be one-fourth the cost of the Aus- 
 tralian road. 
 
 DISTAI^CES FROM SAI]\T LOUIS TO FORT BEWTON VIA 
 MISSOURI RIVER. 
 
 JeiTerson City 174 
 
 Boonville 58-. 232 
 
 Glasgow 32 . . 264 
 
 Brunswick 35 • • 299 
 
 Lexington 75 • • 374 
 
 Kansas City 82-. 456 
 
 Leavenworth City-* 39 • • 495 
 
 Atchison 37 • • 552 
 
 St. Joseph 33 •• 565 
 
 Nebraska City 175.. 740 
 
 Council BlulTs 53 • • 793 
 
 Omaha 14- • 807 
 
 Florence 15.-822 
 
 Little Sioux river- • 72-. 894 
 
 Sioux City 116-. 1010 
 
 Vermillion river- •• 140- -1150 
 
 James river 47 ••1197 
 
 4-. 1201 
 16. .1217 
 22.-1239 
 32..1-J71 
 14.. 1285 
 -1391 
 
 Yankton 
 
 Bonhomme Island 
 Mouth Niobrarah- • 
 Yankton Agency- 
 
 Fort Randall 
 
 White river 106 
 
 Crow Creek or Ush- 94- -1485 
 er's Landing. 
 
 Fort Sully 45-. 1530 
 
 Fort Pierre 5-. 1535 
 
 Big Cheyenne 55. -1590 
 
 Mount Moreau 100 . - 1690 
 
 Grand river 31.-1721 
 
 Beaver river 85-. 1806 
 
 Cannon Ball river-. 30 -.1836 
 
 Fort Rice 10- -1846 
 
 Hart river 50.. 1896 
 
 Old Fort Clarke .... 65. -1961 
 
 FortBcrthold 59.-2020 
 
 Little Missouri 30 - • 2050 
 
 White Earth river - . 85 .- 21 35 
 
 Mount Yellowstone • 135.. 2270 
 
 Fort Union 5.. 2275 
 
 Milk river 350 -.2625 
 
 Round Bute 135.. 2760 
 
 Dophan's Rapids • • • 152^.2912 
 
 Mouth Maria 218.. 3130 
 
 Fort Benton 45 -.3175 
 
LIBRftRY OF CONGRESS 
 
 liiiill 
 
 016 099 902 4