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HISTORY 
 
 OF 
 
 Trenton, New Jersey 
 
 THE RECORD 01< ITS EARLY SETTLEMENT 
 AND CORPORATE PROi^RESS. 
 
 SKETCHES OF ITS GENESIS, 
 COLONIAL CONDITIONS AND MUNICIPAL EVOLUTION. 
 
 ITS BUSINESS, FINANCE, MANUFACTURES AND FORM OF GOVERNMENT, 
 
 WITH PARTICULAR NOTICE OF THE AH^N 
 
 WHO BUILT THE CITY. 
 
 COMPILED FOR THE "STATE GAZETTE," 
 
 I!Y 
 
 KR^NCIS BAZLEY LEK, 
 
 Member of the Historical Societies of Xew Jersey and Pennsylvania; of llie Board of Managers of tlie 
 
 Genealogical Society of Pcnn,sylTania; of llie American Academy of Political and Social 
 
 Science; of the American l)ialect Society; of the Medico- Legal Society; 
 
 Americiin Numismatic and Archa'ological Society; New 
 
 Jersey Society Sons of the Revolntion, etc. 
 
 1895. 
 
COl'YRIGIITKI), 
 
 1895, 
 
 F. T. SMILKY A CO., 
 
 Trenton, X. .1. 
 
 Thknion, K. J. : 
 
 John L. Murphy, Primer. 
 
 1895. 
 
 I- 
 
 jt 
 
INTIIODITCTION 
 
 rs 
 
 "^ |-;|;KIN is traic.l the history dl' \\h- Capitnl ..f New .Iitscv. As "The Falls."' 
 
 'i'lTiitnii ciitia'cd till' lists (if roldiiial tuwiis, a liamlct scarce iiKiri' Ihaii a sti i|i|iiiitr- 
 
 ]ilaic on tlic staLic-rmitc. 'I'lic tnriiiiii:-|iiiiiit of tlic American l!c\(ilutiiin, the 
 
 projected Capital of tlie I'liiteil States, the |iolitical ci-iiter of a lireat eomnion- 
 
 \vealth, the home of iinhisti'ies that ha\-e Won her an international i'e]iutation 
 
 alc all a pait of an honorahle rciord. The Ti-enton of to-dav. with hei' varied 
 
 (Q~7 economic |ilicnomeiia. hei' alisoi|ition of out I yin,L:' teri'itorw and liei' successes an<l 
 
 iMpiil i;i'o\\th, iom]iletc a story of prouress. 
 
 In detail, her reli;;iiins. social and mnnieipal exohitiou is cleaiix' de\i'loped from hmnhh' oriiiin 
 
 to }ireseiit achievemiaits. 'I'he clnn'ch<s, eluhs and \aiioiis city depailinents each ha\e a place. The 
 
 professions anil the niiai. who havi' i;ained foi- themscKi's and tlieii- citv honor and I'cnow n. are fidlv 
 
 presented. r.io;:raphieal sketches and portraits of leadiMi: citizens in .all walks of life arc a part of 
 
 this l'c<'ord. .\ ecu rale sketches of the police, lire and school dcpartnieiits, as w ell as of the National 
 
 Guard, are jriven. Works relating: to the city ai'e also mentioned, siiowiu!^' the importanci' of 
 
 Trenton in the litci-ary and hist<irieal wculd. 'I'he State institutions are ti'eated at IcUL'th. 
 
 I'roni tith-paije to colophon, this is a ;VMM/edf Trenton — a city whose histor\- einhraces two 
 
 centuries. 
 
 KI;AN( IS I'.A/I.KV l,KK. 
 
CONTENTS. 
 
 Chapter I. — The Genesis of Trenton — Two Factors in the Institution of the Town, Economic and Religious — 
 Geologic and Climatic Difl'erences Between East and West Jersey — The Calvinist of East Jersey and the 
 Quaker of West Jersey Meet at Trenton — Religious Types in the Town and the Heterogeneous Population — 
 Trenton Becomes the Junction of the Varied Elements of the Colonial Life of New Jersey 11 
 
 Chapter II. — Trenton as "The Falls of the Delaware" — The Royal Grant of New Jersey — Burlington, in West 
 New Jersey, Settled— The First Xth — Trenton a part of Burlington County, 1G79-1714 — Mahlon Stacy 
 Estahlishes the Town — "The Court Booke" and the List of Settlers — Forestry Problems— The First Bounds of 
 Nottingham, Maidenhead and Iloiiewell Townships— Early Court OHiccrs— Primitive Tax Assessments— The 
 First Roads— The Advent of Colonel Trent— "The Falls" Becomes Trent-Town 16 
 
 Chapter III.— Life in Trenton in the Colony— Some Extracts from the Press— Counterfeiting and Horse- 
 Stealing— Property Sales — Slavery and the Redemptioners— Some Early Industries —Records of Freshets- 
 Sidelights on the Life of the People— The Trenton Town Book 24 
 
 Chapter IV.— Some Distinguished Trentonians of Colonial Times — Mahlon Stacy— The Trents— William Trent, 
 the Founder— William Trent, Jr.; Andrew "Trent" Hamilton; Archibald Home, the Poet; Thomas Cad- 
 walader, the First Burgess, and his Family ; Mahlon Kirkbride; Sir John Sinclair 34 
 
 Chapter V.— The Trenton Barracks— The French and Indian War- The Inhabitants Object to the Quartering of 
 Troops— Petitions for Barracks — Legislative Action and the Location of the Buildings— Their Variou-s Uses— 
 Now the Property of the Widows' and Single Women's Home Society 39 
 
 Chapter VI.— The Battle of Trenton— Adjutant-General William S. Stryker and his Researches— Conditions 
 Leading to the Battle— Locations of British and Revolutionary Troops— The Crossing of the Delaware -The 
 Attack— The Death of Rail— The Surrender— The Disposition of Hessian Troops— The EHect of the Battle 
 upon America — Washington's Call to Arms ^^ 
 
 Chapter VII.— Attempts to make Trenton the Seat of the Federal Government— The Preparations in 1783 for a 
 Permanent Capital— Congress meets in Trenton, on the Site of the Mechanics National Hank Building, in 
 1784- Trenton Selected, but Congressional Action Defeated by the South— Land Speculation— The Compromise 
 between New England and the South— General Lafayette's Two Visits to Trenton— The City the Temporary 
 Capital of the United States in 1799— Trenton makes an OHer in 1801 49 
 
 Chapter VIII.— Washington's Reception by the People of Now Jersey, in 1789— The Constitutional Government 
 Established and Washington Becomes President— He Leaves Alexandria, and his Pliiladelphia Welcome— His 
 Advent in Trenton and the Preparations for his Reception- Tliose who Took Part Therein- \Va.shington's 
 Letter— Trenton Commemorates the Death of General Washington -Benjamin Harrison, One Hundred Years 
 after, Follows in the Footsteps of \Va.shington— Action of the New Jersey Historical Society 53 
 
 Chapter IX.— Some Early Descrii)tions of Trenton— The Journal of William Edmundson- The Letter of Mahlon 
 Stacy— Smith's Description— The Travels of Mar<|uis <le Chastellux— Priest's Mistakes- Elkanah Watson 
 Visits the Town— " Salmagundi "—Bissot and Wansey— The Duke de la Rouchefouc^alt- F. A. Michaux — 
 Ciordon's "Gazetteer" ^^ 
 
 Chapter X.— The Corporate History of the City of Trenton— Trenton before the Charter of 1792 -Characteristira 
 of Trenton's Growth— County Lines, with Trenton as the Shire Town— The Organization of Trenton Township 
 —The p:arly Jail-Character of the Town in the Middle of the Last Century— Trenton's Colonial Charter- 
 The Village Becomes a Borough Town— lt.s Boundaries— The Officers and their Duties— The Charter Becomes 
 Unwieldy and is Surrendered— A Notice of Trenton's Fair and Market 63 
 
 Chapter XL— The Corporate History of the City of Trenton— The Charter of 1792— Trenton's Ckmdition in 
 1790— Abortive Attempts to Organize a City Government— The Charter is Granted, and its Characteristics - 
 Earlv Streets— Those who First Held Offic^e— The City Seal— Trenton Outgrowing her Village Life-Condi- 
 
 68 
 tiims of the Times 
 
8 CONTENTS. 
 
 CitAPTER X[[. — The Corporate History of the City of Trenton — The Charier of 1S37 — The New Charter — Powers 
 and Duties of Officials— Wards Kstablished and Various Changes of Lines — Trenton Ahsorhs South Trenton — 
 Kxtension of Municipal Powers and the Growtli of Modern Ideas in City Life — Trenton at the Outbreak of 
 the War Between the Slates 72 
 
 Chapter XIIL— The Corporate History of tlie City of Trenton— The Charters of 1866 and 1874— Trenton Out- 
 grows her OKI Conditions — A Broad Charter — New Ward Lines Establislied — Increased Powers of Common 
 Council — Movement for tlie Present Charter — Trenton Embraces Chambersburg and Millham— Tlie Municipal 
 Functions are Extended — Officers of Trenton in 1895— A List of the Mayors 75 
 
 Chaptkr XIV. — The Annexed District.s — Trenton's Growth from Within, Outward — Townships of Independence 
 and Ewing — Townsliip of Lawrence — The Borough of Soutli Trenton — Township of Hamilton — Township of 
 Nottingham— Outline Sketch of Chambersburg — Township of Millham — The Present Borough of Wilbur and 
 its Officers — Cadwalader Place 80 
 
 Chapter XV. —The City Departments — Trenton's Water-Sujiply — How the City Secured W.ater in the Early 
 Days — The Present Organization of this Department — The Board of Health and its Officers — Trenton's Parks 
 — Their History and Commissioners — The Sewerage and Drainage System, Its Origin and Development —Tlie 
 Excise Department — Electric Lighting and its History 86 
 
 Chaptkr XVI. — The Police Department — Its First Organization and Growth — The Present Development — The 
 
 Precinct Stations — The Present Commissioners and Superior Officers of the Department 93 
 
 Chapter XVII. — P^ducation in Trenton — Colonial Inlluences— The School and the I/otlery — A Colonial Library 
 — Trenton and her Free Schools, 1833 to 1895 — The Trenton Academy — Its Organization and History, 17S1 to 
 1883— The Early Libraries and the Free School Movement— Sketches of the Most Prominent Educational 
 Institutions — Business Colleges 96 
 
 Chaiter XVIII. — Trenton's Fire Department — The Volunteer Companies— Their Names and the Services 
 Rendered the City — Early Firemen — The Organized Volunteer Department from 184G to 1892 — The Paid 
 Department— Its Organization and Present Condition 108 
 
 Chapter XIX — Trenton's Monuments— The Shaft Commemorating the Battle of Trenton — The History of the 
 Erection of the Shaft from 1843 to 1893— The Corner-Stone l^aying and Dedication- The Members of the 
 Battle Monument Association — The Swamp Angol — The Story of the < )Id Gun— McClcUan's Monmnent— The 
 Washington Monument at Cadwalader Park — Wiluuteer Firemen's Mouumcut 117 
 
 Chapter XX. — The Beginnings of the Brick and Pottery Industry — Tatham's Establi.shment, 1685— The 
 McCullys and Their Works — The Early Days of the Interest-s which To-day p]xist — Bricks and the Making 
 Thereof — Those who were Early Interested 127 
 
 Chapter XXI. — A Brief History of the City's Transportation Facilities — How Trentonians Traveled Before the 
 Revolution— The Shallops and Stages Before the Days of Railroads, and Those who Conducted Them — The 
 Delaware and Karitan Canal — The Camden and Aiubiy Company — The Railroads which Form the Pennsyl- 
 vania System- The Philadelphia and Reading Railroad — The Former Horse Railway and the Present Electric 
 Railroad 1.31 
 
 Chapter XXII. — Public Institutions — The Post-Office — State House, Library and Great Seal — State School for 
 Deaf-Mutes— Arsenal and State Prison— State Industrial School for Girls— Mercer County Court House — 
 State Normal and Model Schools — Masonic Temple — City Hall — St. Francis, Mercer and City Hospitals — State 
 Hospital for the Insane— Odd Fellow.s' Home — Y. M C. A. — W. C. T. L'. — Taylor Opera House — Inter-Slate 
 Fair Association — Union Industrial Home — New Jersey Children's Home Society 139 
 
 Chapter XXIII.— Trenton's Churches — The Beginnings of Ecclesiastical Life— The Presbyterian, Episcnpalian 
 Churches and the Society of Friends the Pioneers in the Field — The Roman Catholics — The Methodists — The 
 Lutherans- The Baptists and Their Churches — Other Religious Organizations 105 
 
 Chapter XXIV.— Trenton in the Rebellion and her National Guard of To-day— The City's Attitude upon the 
 Opening of the War Between the Slates — The Old Militia System— The Companies which Left for the Front- 
 War Times in Trenton — The National Guard and the Naval Reserve 177 
 
 Chaptku XXV. — The Bench and Bar of Trenton — The Cajjital the Mecca of the Practitioners of New Jersey — 
 
 Dignitaries of Revolutionary Days and Their Immediate Successors— The Bar of the City of To-day 180 
 
 Chapter XXVI. — Physicians in Trenton — Early Days of Practice — The Wesleyan Doctrine of "Primativc 
 
 Physic" — Distinguished Disciples of Esculapius and the Present Generation 206 
 
CONTENTS. 9 
 
 Chapter XXYII. — Trenton's Clubs — Berkeley — Lotus — Trenton — Elks — Turners — Young Men's Republican 
 Association — Democratic League — County Democracy — Young Men's Hebrew Club — Catbolic (;iub— New- 
 Jersey Historical Society — Canoe Clubs — Field Club— Catholic Young Men's Association of St. Mary's 
 Parish — Mercer County Wheelmen — Potters' Club 226 
 
 Chapter XXVIII. — Secret Societies, Orders and Organizations— Trenton a (ireat Center in the Work of Secret 
 Societies — A Brief Review of the History of the Masons, Odd Fellows, Knights of Pythias, Red Men, Knights 
 of the Golden Eagle, Junior Order American Mechanics and otlier Bodies — The Roman Catholic Societies — 
 The Temperance Societies 236 
 
 CitAPTER XXIX. — Tlie Press of the City of Trenton — The Pioneers — The Later Papers and Their Kditors— The 
 
 Development of the Local Press— The Newspapers of To-day 239 
 
 Chapter XXX. — " State Gazette," Trenton, N. J. — A Brief Sketch of the Second Oldest Newspaper in New Jersey, 242 
 
 Chapter XXXI. — Phases of City Life— The Trenton Markets -Their Humble Beginnings and Present Status— 
 A History of Some of the Older City Streets — River Improvements — Attempts which have been made to 
 Improve tlie Delaware — Failure of all these Projects — The Present Condition of tbe Problem — John Fitch 
 and his Steamboat 260 
 
 Chapter XXXIL— Trenton's Financial Institutions and Board of Trade— The Origin of Trenton's Banks— The 
 Mechanics National Bank— The Trenton Banking Company — The Trenton Saving Fund Society— The First 
 National Bank— The Broad Street National Bank — The Trenton Trust and Safe Deposit (Company — The Re:il 
 Estate Title Company of New Jersey— The New Jersey Building Loan and Investment Company — The Board 
 of Trade 268 
 
 Chapter XXXIII. — The City of To-day— Trenton's Distinguishing Characteristic a Progressive Conservatism — 
 This Appears in every Pb;ise of City Life— Statistics of Population and Manufactures, 1890 to 1895— The 
 Financial Condition of Trenton 280 
 
 Chapter XXXIV. — Books Relating to the E.arly History of Trenton— General Histories — Special Monographs — 
 
 The vScientific Studies of Dr. Charles C. Abbott- The Printed Charters and First Ordinances 292 
 
 Chapter XXXV. — Introduction to General Biographies — Short Sketches of the Men who have been Prominently 
 
 Identified with the Commercial and Social Growth and Progress of Trenton 2 '4 
 
 B 
 
CHAPTER 
 
 THE (IKNIOSIS OF TItE.XTOX. 
 
 Two Factors i.\ tiik Ixsti'ittiox ok thh Town, I'>roN(i.Mir axd llici.iiiiurs — ( li;oi.(](iii' axd Cm- 
 MATic DiFFEKENcHs IiKiw i:i;x Iv\sT AXii W'kst ■liciisi;',- — Till; ( 'Ai,\'ixi<r OF lv\<i' .Ii;i;si:v ami 
 THE Quaker of M'est .Ikk'sia- Mkkt at 'I'im'.ntox — liia.K.iors Tyi'i;s ix riii: 'I'uw n ami 'iiii': 
 Heterogeneous; Populatiox — Ti;i;xtox r>i;i ii\ii:s thi; .lixr-nux <ii-' thk \'ai;ii:ii 1Ci.i:mkxis of 
 the t'oi.oXLVL Life of New Jersey. 
 
 f\^lK.Y, iimiiy aniitlicv siA'ciiti'i'iitli rciiliiry tnwn, scltlcil in ihr Anin-ii'ini ('ulunics. Iwi 
 
 n factors arc potent in lln' Liiiiisis of Tniilnn. ()iic i> uf ;ui I'conoiuic ami tin- other 
 
 1 is iif a reliLrious nature. In a irsinnr of early eoiidiliiins it is essential |iriiiiarily tn 
 
 cli<suaile tlie iiiiml of the i'lea (if the unit\' I if our ( 'iiiniiiniiw enltli. anil eonsider not 
 
 t< ■■ -Xiii: .Jersey," hut " The .lei'seys " — tlmse strutiiilini:. ineipient Colonies iliviileil hy 
 
 an artifieial liouinlary, lnit, nevertheless, twoyouni;- States planteil under ilitTereiit 
 
 -^(w^-, o conditiiiiis and hy ditfereiil natimis. r|»in the east were settled the I lullanders, 
 
 \_/)(5y whilst the Swedes oeeupied the Inwer 1 )ela\vare \"alley. In liiCI, adate |ire\ious 
 
 n^ ^" ^''"' ^''^^ settlements u|iiin the site uf Treiitnn, the .lerseys lieeaiiie |i(ilitieally 
 
 itnited liv virtue of the l'aiL:lisli eiin(|Ue-l uf the Xiw Netherlands. Certain soeio- 
 
 ]oi,deal eiiuditions also atfeet the prohlem. 
 
 .1 iH-inri it may he said, as a ireneral assumjition, that l^^ast and West Jersi^y were in many 
 
 respects as unlike .as were Ci mni'itieut and \'irt;inia. and yet the .lei'seys pariouk uf the i|Ualities ol 
 
 both. Fast .lersey was huld and a.u.uressive. with her purl uf .\mhoy, onee jireatei' than New Vm-k, 
 
 open to the worM. reh int; on eimnneree and trade. < >n the .ither hand. West Jersey, in whieli was 
 
 situated Ti-entdii. was plaeid and easy-piiiej. with her pupulatimi widely dilfused and nf a distinet- 
 
 ively auriiailtural eharaeter. In the latter Colony small settlements, scpai-aled liy impenelr.ahle wnnds 
 
 and divided hv wide streams, deA'elo]ied alonj;' purely provincial lines, and hecame the centers nf a 
 
 life I'ree fnmi cxtr.inciius inllucnccs. 
 
 jioth Uurliniitiin and Salem were dependent upon I'hiladel|iliia. and all three too far from the 
 sea to aetivelv ci.mpcte with .\mhoy fur the Fniilish ti'ade. They were als.. remu\cd from the oilier 
 jirotitalile hut somewhal ipiestioiiaMc cnlnnial occupation of smUL;;.diiiL: and privatecriiii;- "twixl New 
 Enfrland and the Sjianish Main. 
 
 The colonial differentiations outli\ed that Itevululion in whose throes .i nation new was horn, 
 one part of which was .lersey — the actual .Vi»- Jersey, child of its colonial father and mother, who 
 liotli jrave up their existence that it mii;hl live. 
 
 I''ven now our provincial terminolo-y reipiires tlu' use of Xm-lli .Jersey and Smilli .lersey, which 
 virtually is the mnderni/.in},' of the old-time colonial divisions. Thus, to this day. the two Jersey s 
 arc still unlike, economically, socially and intellectually. .\nd il is of no import whether tlu'y he 
 called North or South, I'ppcr or Lower, hill country or tide-wati'i- district. 
 
 For an economic view, further premises are necessary. These are the forces of Nature as a con- 
 dition for man's occupancy. The various geologic, mctcorologic .and other natural phenomena form 
 
12 THE ("ITY OF TRKNTON. 
 
 :i lilting' 1>;is(> friim wliicli it in;iy lie (Iciuoustnitcil tliiit |"iliti<al IiciuimIs. Ihiivigh seemin<rly arliitrary. 
 wen- lap_'i-ly tniiiii 111 1 H| Kill such natural cipnilitiniis. In iitlicr wmiU, tlicrc is a Snulli ami Norlli 
 .IiTst'V in nature. 
 
 Tlie Jerseys, tiiii, liail an artiliciai linumlary exteniliii-- in a ^'riierai cdursc fnuu Little Ki^i 
 Ilarliiir til a jiiiiiit near tlie Delaware Water i<:\]<. Whilst tlie upiier iKirticm nf West .lersey was 
 actually in northern eiiiiilitiiiiis, anil the luwer part nt l\ast Jersey in snuthern cnnilitiniis. never- 
 theless these iiortiuns were su little settleil that fur all |iur|iiises the real ilivisimi i.f the Slate may lie 
 |i]aeeil at an arliitrary line extemliriL' fruiii 'I'rentiin tn the Anilmys. 'Phis assunieil liiiumlary is imw 
 (iccuiiieil. as nearas may he, hy that ,i;Teat artery ul' the American cniitiiieiit, tin- Pennsylvania railmail. 
 I'lir the |iurims(>s uf ecunumic study, we may then cimsiiler nurtli ami suuth nf the 'rreiitiiii-Amliny 
 line as ei|uivalent tn l''ast ami West .lersey nf enlniiial e^tahlisliiiieiit. Thus 'rrcntnn stamls. inter- 
 niediate ami unique, Ketween Nnrth ami Smith Jersey. 
 
 Of the natural cnnilitinns which strniiiily teiuleil tn ililYerciitiate Nnrth anil Smith .ler-cy. the 
 most marked was that of jzeologie formatinn. The |iii>iieer nf Nmth .lersey fnuiid himself cnii- 
 frontcd liv the Palisades nf Hcriren, the tra]i fnrmatiniis nf the Uaritan. and the <;ranite. schistic and 
 iinu'stone lands of the hill enimlry which fnnns the ha-c nf the llliic mmmiains. The valleys alnite 
 were cultivated, and this was nnt acenmiilishcd c\ce|il liyardnmis lalmr. S\\ ift-rushinu- sti-eams |int 
 the cnloni/.i-r in peril nf his cattle and ernp. whilst the red cla\' "linttnins" were nfteii cnld and 
 
 inhns]iitahle. (Ailnnial auricnlture in K:\>\ .lersey meant hard wnyk. and it is little w Icr that 
 
 attention was soon tm-iicd tn cnmmercc. In Smith .lersey. mi the nthi r h.-md. the -.-iiid)- In: f 
 
 the Delaware valley and its lrilinlarii>, the rich land nverlyiie.;- the marU of Mmimmith. nurlinntnii. 
 (Uouccster and Salem emmties. as well as the seashm-c allii\ ial. all needed luit the slii;iitest cultiva- 
 tion to the end that every crop needful for man's fnod-snpply shmild >priii'.j almost spontaiieniisly 
 from the earth. The streams were sliitrLdsh and rich in Inwland dcpn^it, alninst invitiiii.' man tn 
 settle oil their hanks. P.rielly. it ,i!oes withmit sayiiiu' that those wlm h.id the h;irdcsl lalmr wmild 
 devcloji alonj; a line (|uite o|ipiiseil. as far as a;.;riciili nral activity is cmiccnud. tn nthers nmre 
 favored. Such ireolofrie causes and ciiiisci|Ueiit elTeets tended urcatly to separate the Jersi'vs in their 
 enihrvotie state. 
 
 Closely akin to the forniei' is the (|ucstiiin nf climate. With the niiiired soil of North Jersey 
 came the winters of excessive cold. It was then tli.it the Iludsnn. liaiilan. Ilackeiisack and Passaic 
 wore frozen from shore tn slmre. The summers, which cnuld he ilc\ntcd tn auriculttirc were iici-es- 
 sarilv slmrtened hv the rigors of winter. ('milrd. Smith .lersey's winters were tempered hy the warm 
 winds lilowini; from the (!ulf Stream or from the salt watei-s of Delaware hay and lower Delaware 
 river. That such was the ease, imte the fact that in cnlniiial times sheep and cattle were turiicil 
 loose u|ion the t'ajie May heaches, s])eiidini,' the winter amonu the cedars, oaks and Imllics. m- nii 
 the lee of a .sand-dune ; wdiilst in Essex or Hertrcti these domesticated animals, especially ammiL;' the 
 Ilnllanders, were hetter eared for than the slaves. Tn this hour, the cattle in South Jersey live in 
 winter under cedar sheds, whilst the same exposure wniild kill them in Warren or Pa--aic. The 
 sunnuers of the hill emmtry. if hot, were full nf n/.niic. Imt in Inw cr .Icrsiy the watcis nf ihcllulf 
 fiave rise tn the l'iit;s and warm, humid hree/es w hich arc still called " ( iiilf w cat her. " 11 le h inn id it \' 
 would nf course have a tendency to enervation, as the |iU]-ci- air of the nnrth wmild have Inward vitaliza- 
 tioii. This, nf course, h.-is had its inilueuce on .Jersey people, and is another factor in diiTerentialinii. 
 
 A third and last inllueiicc, arisiuLT frnm the niiinii nf ;i-en|oij:ic and climatic cnndiliniis. is that nf 
 fecundity of natural iirodiictions, particularly of land, hut likewise nf sea. These are ycnerally 
 known hy the term ••natural advantaires," and of these from the one hasis of nearly every colonial 
 view of life — to wit, aL'rienlture — South .Jersey ]iossessed much that was denied other pm-limisof 
 the State. Indeed, those interested in Ivist Jersey or West Jersey reenunized this, and li'tters and 
 hand-hooks relative to the Ivistern Division extolled eonuneree, wdiilst those treatinj; of the Western 
 Division favored .iLrriculturc 
 
 Aside from Captain John Smith's entertaininir, thmnrh unreliahle, stnry of Viririnia, one of the 
 earliest allusions to the fertility of South .Jersey is to lie found in the diary of .Master Evelyn. This 
 chronieler's residence mi the Dcl.aware. ahmit the middle of the seventeenth century. ;is an nihic/r- of 
 Ployden's semi-fahuloiis expedition, L'ave him a wide iiisii;lit into the matti'r. Evelyn jioes into 
 oesta<'ies over the fair and fectnid emnitry with its cedar, its lands, mily awaitini: eulliv.-itinn. its 
 forest.s tilled with jjrapes and edihle plants, the hmiie of deer, hear and smaller animals. He i.'riiws 
 
TIIK CITY OF TI:KXT()X. 
 
 13 
 
 ontliusiastic ancnt tlir vast ili.iilits of dii.-ks ;iii<l ..llin- KinU, iuM,.th,.r with the sea swanniiii: with its 
 (h'liizriis. Thciin-an l.dnh'riiiu' Smith .hrscy was the a.hiiii-atidii (it cnlniii/cr and liidiaii alike 
 
 Evelyn's stdi-v was |inMishcil in Ivn-nin', ami iT.-i'ivcd cmlirnialinn in llii.sc Irttcrs and tracts 
 latn- (■(illcctcil and r(ht('d hy thr saintly Isaai- .\rirlin<, hi-li-id-raphrr (if (Ih> S\\ cilisli cildiiv npon 
 Ihc Dclawari'. II(illand"s histnrians had aln^ady vnilird llic nai-rativc ot luclvn. This diarisl. Ihc 
 Indians, Swrdr-; and l»ulr|i all nnitiim' in the carlirsl days tu niv.' evidence in the i-e]iurl, it is lillle 
 wonder that the KnuHsh culdnists at the l.e-inniie,: .if the ciuhleenlh ccntnry h,unr| Scitith .lersev a 
 sniilini:- and fertile land and ]ileasaiit to lunk ii|iun. 
 
 The ahundan<-e iif .lysters. clams, shell-li<h .and nthcr (.hjeet^ lilted fur f l-ii| ipl v attraclcd 
 
 .settlement tuward the coast. The |H.|julati(in (if West .hrsey. when n.it eii-a-ed in .a-Ti( iilt lire, was 
 essentially devuted to iisliim:-. Tin- life of a scaf.ariiiu | M-i.|ile . Iocs not, as a rule, tend to material 
 |iroi:ress nor to the conL;vsti<iii of i»p|iiil:ition, thii^ forniini; the ;:ciiesis of M-reat <-ities. Toiichiiii;' 
 
 South Jersey's fertile ]iIantations, alimalaiiei. iif w I easily ciil and ivadilv .■iccessihle. toMvlher 
 
 with lish, fowl and heast to he had for the a-kiie^, lliere w.is little incentive to hard lahor, and the 
 colonists settled down to easy-uoiiiLj modes <if life, cariiiL;' littli' for ihe <levelu| ait of f<jreiun com- 
 merce or local inainifaetiire. Thii~ Xorlh and South .Icrsi'y were din'enailiated .as to >oil, climate .-ind 
 their se(|iicncc, " natural ailv.inta-v-," Tlie-i' coiiiliti,,ns were all more favorahlc to the setllenient 
 of South Jcl-scy than of Nm-th .Icrsey, hilt less f.a \ ( JlM I ile I<p the sill i>e. |Ui'nt < lcVclo| (lliellt of the former. 
 When men were coni]ielled to d.'lve dee|ier for the wlici-ewilli.al of lit'e. particularly when ihi-v had 
 cast aside the past, and were indcavoriiiL; to m.-d<e the piv<eiit the unaidian ..f the future, ii i> not 
 to he w.indercd that necessity compelled them to lii^ht xalianiK' upon a rock\' >oil, and hefon- inlio>- 
 ]iitahlc skii's, wresting- from nature i^aeh atom for existiaice. .\o man in .\orth .lia>i'V could h^ad —as 
 did his hrother colonist on the plantations in tin- South Land — .1 life of eomparatixc luxiirw .\alin-c 
 reipiircd const.ant industry, and often poorly paiil the expenditure of lahor and aL;ri<ailt iiral enter- 
 prise. So one may say th.at South -Icr-i'y's eunditions tuidcd to ease and plenty, and wli.at came 
 re.ailil) wdiild he welcomc(l with joy, for I he 1 listastcfiil price of -c\erc manual lahor did not lia\e to 
 he pai.l. 
 
 l''rom colonial times to the pres<ait this has hecai true. The iieneratioiis which separate us rroni 
 oiir forefathers havi' inherited i-liaracterislies and have preiiatally Lirown to rcLiard, ]ierha]is 
 unconsciously, the wide raiiLii' liclwccii the two sections of the State. 
 
 It is scarcely necessary to rcpi'.at that thi>e ■■natural iondition> " at hot can only hi' approxi- 
 mated. When indiictixa' philosophic study of coloni.il hi.-toiy -hall att.iin the iliunity of |iopiilar 
 I'ccoLiuilion and ap|ircciation. the day «ill come when historians can wci'^li with nicet\' these 
 conditions and inllucnces. With us the matter must he di~mi-sed with a formal recoiiuition of its 
 presence, and a knowledne of its all-powerful inlliience upon colonial thouu'ht ami a<-tion, and such 
 iiiodci-n pha~c> of life as are (lependciil Ihcreiipon. 
 
 Asa rule, coloni.il town sites witv not oci iipicd li\' mere chance, Certainh'. Trenton was not 
 
 so cstahlished. It has already 1 n pointed mit th.it thi< city lay hclwecu North and South Jersey, 
 
 upon the one side theoi-ctically loiichinL! the commercial ccnlcrs of r;.i-t .ha'scy. on the other <'on- 
 ti^uous to the auricaill iiral centers of Soiit li .Iciscv. hxiiiL: at the head of iiaviLiahlc tide-waler on 
 the Delaware. Tnuloii w as the t lu'liiiej-point on the road from Ihirlinuton and S.ilem to Newark and 
 l']li/,ahetlitowii. Trenton w.is the iMailer of a circle of iwiaity miles, with radii extendiiiir l<i the 
 rocks of Iliintc rd(Jii and Somei-et, .ir ■' tin' pines " of r>urliii'_:lon .-ind .Moumoulh, ( liir city lield a 
 remarkahle position hetween the North and South, Here the londitioii'^ of New l'aii:i,'ind life 
 nierjied into those of Xdriiinia ; licri' the merchani :iiid planter touched h.'iiid> ; here llie ( '.'ihinisl 
 and Quaker erected side hy side their niecliii'.;-lioii-c- : here the ea<y-L!oini;-. mystical I'riend pl.-ni- 
 tation-owner .'iiid the nou-eonihatanl follower (jf T'ox met the eiiipyrieal. lheoi'raey-lo\ini;. eiicri:clic 
 disciple of Cromwell. Here came to,L;etlier l"ai'.:lisli C'lhiniM^ and ( ^n.-ikers, Swede and Holland 
 tra<lers and I iidian <'liicfs, 
 
 .\ddcd to these economic conditions is the facloi- of ri'liL:ion, ,\s Ti-enlon wa- the spot where 
 the line of demarcation of Mi'oloiiic phenomena i~ mo-l nolicealile, so at Trenton, or "yetlalles," 
 tiiere came toiiclher the Calvini-t .'ind (Jnakcr. The Sc.teh and Kmrlisli I'reshylerian- had souudil 
 in East Jersey a land where thire could he economic .ind icliLdous freedom, I'ponllie resloralinn 
 of Kin<; Charles II., the Calvinistie iiillueiice in Kast Jersey, particularly at Newark. Klizahelli. 
 .Vnihoy and the upper .Monmouth shore, liei'omcs \ery niarkel. The political nvohilion in I''nL:lMiid 
 
14 
 
 TlIK CITY ol" TltKNTON. 
 
 hail hroujilit with it a hixity in murals aii'l in iloLTiiia. whicii little i)lrasc(| tlic ('(ivrnaiitcrs ami thcii- 
 associates. Thus, East Jersey was a ]ilaee of refuge. Hei'e was an ii|)|iortiniit\- to found a new 
 '•liome in the wilderness," as I'lynioutli a half eentury before had liec-n estahlished. Suddenly, the 
 t'oMunonwealth was praetieally transferred to East .Jersey. A favorinir suhsoil lay in the similar 
 t'alvinistie views of the 1 lullandcrs. there already si/ttlrd. The e(ini|Uer(irs and the c'(in(|Ueri'd 
 formed a c|uasi-eeelesiastieal relalionslii|), quite remarkable in view of the then recent political 
 relations l)etween l-ai;rland and iiulland. .\s has iieen shown. East .Jersey was more fitted for com- 
 merce than for airrieulture. Shi|i|iing' interests increased, wharves and docks ])rnjccted waiily into 
 the waters adjacent to New York l)ay, and tradinu' relations with the West Indies were inauj,nn-ated. 
 .\ Colony was established which was a union of Church and Stale. The minister was the real source 
 of much ecclesiastical and |Kilitical |iiiwer. The strictness of lei,nslation isslmwii in that there were 
 a dozen capital crimes in iCast .Icrscy as apiinst two or three in \\'est .Jt'rsey. Town meetings, 
 fre(|Uently held in the chnn'hcs, iroverned the details of ]irovincial life, whilst many of the rigors 
 of tlie New JMigland '" blue laws " marked the slow development of the young half of our State. 
 
 The restless activity of the I'^ast .Icrsey Calviiii>t soon droxc him ajon;^ the Uaritan valley. 
 'I'raversing the narrow tract of land between the South jii'aneli and the 1 )i>la\\ ai'e. oiu' traces his 
 ])rogress liv Princeton and ihe settlements along the base of the foot-hills, gcnerieally i-alled tlie 
 Sourlanil momitain. I>y tbi' iiid of the seventeenth century tin- l''a-t .lerseyman had "crossed 
 the line" and hail occupied the banks of the Uelaware at Trenton, as well as northward for 
 a score of miles. Here he found hiiiiM'lf foi- the lii'st time upon the l)ela\vai-e valley side of West 
 .Jersev, although he had previously established whaling settlements along the ocean-end of the 
 Province line, as well as in the county of Cajie .May. 
 
 In general, cxce|iting in a niueh less ili.^i-,.,. ;it I'rinceton and Shrewsbury. Trenton was the sole 
 point of contact between Cal\-inist and <^>uaker. "The I'iiies" formed .an inhospitable liarrier. and 
 as till' original immigrants seek invei- valleys in settlement. \\liethei- for coinmercc or agriculture, 
 there were few social, political, economie or ecclesiastic reasons why tlie-e dilVei'eiit peoples slionid 
 be drawn together. Yet the union at 'i'renton pro\eil of imitnal ail\;nit:ige. .-iiid was midoubtedly 
 one factor in drawing together these two faiths. 
 
 The settlement of West .Jersey bi'ings in I piite another set of inllneiu'cs. .\s Calvinism was the 
 ])revailing creed in ICast .Icrscy, so the Society of l'"riends virtually conti'ollcil the alVairs of the 
 Province. Toward Xew' .fersey the eyes of M'illiain Penn and his associates were first turned, and, 
 indeed, both Salem .•ind llin-linuton had bonie their tii'st fruits ere Philadelphia's huts and caves 
 dotted the river banks. Whilst it may be assumed that the growths of West .Jersey, Kastern Penn- 
 sylvania and Northern I )elawarc wei'c contemporaneous, it isipiite woi-thy of note that Purlington 
 was, in view of tlu' fomulci-, a town of equal impoilance with his City of P>rotliii-ly i.ovc. Of liis 
 times, William I'enn was the ablest economist, and probably the most far-sighted man in .\mcrica. 
 This leader of the Society of I'ricuds saw in West .Jersey a country such as l^vclyn had desei-ibcd it 
 to be. and recognized that its futui-ew:is in agi-ienllural de\elopnient. lie knew Ihniington and 
 Salem could only grow to be iidand ports, and that they could not Impr to rival towns facing the 
 .Vtlautic. Therefore, he traveled through ICngland and tlie Ithenisli \:il]ey. telling the uu'inbers of 
 his own Society, and other religious organizations on the Continent with w liom he euuld s\inpathize, 
 that West .Jersey would be a home of a peaceful agricultural people wdiere land was plenty and 
 easily tilled. The emigration conunenced. The Low Cermans centralized near Philadelphia tijion 
 Ihe high land north and west of the i it v. lint the meiidiers of the Society of Piiends w ho came to 
 .\merica were inleuscly ICnglish — the iMiglisli of the country districts of that island where the 
 doctrines of Fox had taken the strongest hold. Yorkshire sent many, and one of the West .Jersey 
 •' .Xths " was named in honor of that English county. Moreoxer. the l^'ricnds were noii-coudiatants; 
 had ]iasseil through the struggle of the Connuonwcalth the mutual object of abuse, ridicule, scorn 
 and ]ilunder on the p.art of Calvinist and Episco])alian. J, ike the I'rcsbytcrians, the Society of 
 [•'ricuds had a union of Church and State. Instead of beini: the organization of jiractieally one 
 man. it was general in its scope. .\ll had ei|ual voice, but the most distinguished ••approved 
 minister" was of no more inlluiine than some weaker member of the "Meeting." 'l"wo factors 
 in colonial times m.-ide the (Quakers in West .lei-sey of great strength. These were their isolation 
 and the refusal to allow members to mari-y "out of meeting." Surrotindcd upon all sides either 
 l)y water-courses or forests, the Society of Friends were free from being molested, and the peaceful 
 
■niK crrv of tiikx'i'ox. 
 
 i; 
 
 rflntiniis w itli the Indian ti'ihcs saved llicni IV rairls. I|iiiii lln' (.tlna- hand, tlic mcnilicrH liv 
 
 niarrvinj; their associates tended In Imild u|i an aristoeraey where larp' lanchMJ interests were nnited. 
 A class distinction slowly arose, Kased on iiio|]ertydioldiii-s, which in theory was never recoirnized. 
 hut |iractically heeaine a most inllniailial factor. 'riicseand hiaii\- < it hia' (iticstions conlil at leii.L'th 
 he discnssed. The Society oT l''rieiids and I he ( '.il\ ini-ls miited upon hut few points. Altlioll;:h 
 of coninion .Vnnlo-Saxon stock, haviiiL; conniioii intcre-l in \\ir histories of their aforetime ]>erseeii- 
 tions, they lived and died apart. No sympathy, no lastiiiii anther, hul only a cold indillcrenec, 
 excejit in matters of trade, charaeteri/.eil their association. 
 
 Tims it will he seen that the charaiti r of the settlers in West .Icrsey. whilst of ^rnat i: Incss 
 
 and sohriety, lacked vitali/.iuL; elements. The relii:ious doctrines of the Society were hcantifiil. hut 
 jiassive, and had none of the holdness of ( 'alvin. ( 'oiiiparati\i'ly few contentions, either of political 
 or legal character, affected thi' heLUunings of the Delaware river settlements. Fearless of Indian 
 raids, unexposed to the ]jossiliilitics of maritime depredation, the ('(.loiiy urew onlv hv natural 
 accession, so that East Jersey in ]io[)ulatioii and chattels soon outstripped !u>r neighhor. I'eacefully, 
 beautifully, the history of \\'est .Jersey rims like (aie of her placid streams, rellecting without a 
 ripple of external emotion, the approving light of lle;i\(ai. ,\nd so it is from a miion of Church 
 and State that the restless, resistless, empyrical I'reshyteriau of Ivist -lersey, founding his Colony on 
 a soil so Well adajited to him, is tuilikc the calm, thoughtftd, self-contained I'T'iend who came to 
 West Jersey to timl a laml which should hcconie the home of a chosen people. 
 
CHAPTEPv ir. 
 
 TI!KXT()X AS ■■Till-: FALLS oF TIIK I iFI.AWAIli;."' 
 
 'KM 
 
 TiiK ltii"iAi, (liiAN'i" 111' Xi:\\ .1 l:I:•-l■:^■ — l!ri,M.iNi.rci.\. in Wi:si' \i:\v Ji:i;si;'i-, Si-ri-ri.KD — 'riii: I^'ikst 
 Xiii — TiiiiNiiiN A rAirr ni I'.i i;i.l\(, ms ('iiiniv, KiT'.i-ITll — >F\iii.(in Siacv K.^tap.i.ishks 
 Tine Town — ■■'riii: ( 'oi in llnnisi;" anh tin: l,i-r (ji' Sin ri,i:i,'s — l'"ui;i:sii;v I'koim.ioms — Tin-: 
 FiHST HoiMis 111 Xdi TiM.iiA.M, .M aiiii:mii: Ah AMI I Icii'i'.w i;i,i. 'I"(j\v.\snirs — lv\i!i,v Ci)rirr 
 ()kfi<ki!s — PiMMnivi-: Tax Asskssmf.nts — Tiii': l'"ii;sr lioAn^; — The Advent (if C(ji.oxel Trent 
 — "TiiK Falls" UiocdMKs Tl'Iont-thwn. 
 
 ^ \lltll 1*. (i| tllr I'Jiulisll riilH |lli's( 111 lCi(il. I Iiill.'iliil s |MlSSl'Ssi(lll ill XcW Jcl'Sl'V fcl 
 
 I P^ til the lMi;ili-li crnw II. (hi (hr ■_' nil (lay of .1 ill I' I hat year .laiiic~. 1 (like of Yofk, 
 
 released to.loliii Lnnl lieikcley. P>ai-(iu uT Slrattdii. and mie uf His Majesty's Privy 
 Ciiiiiieil, and SiiMleuri^e ('artarel. uf Saltriiin. mie uf His Majesty's Privy Cuuneil, 
 " all that tl'aet 111' land adjaeeiit tu Xew l'"iii;laiiil. and lyinu and heiiii; t" the west- 
 ward (if ]y(in,t;- Island and Manhitas Island, and iminided ini the east. |ial1 hythe 
 S main sea and |iai-t li\" HiidMin's river, and lialh \i|iiin the west Helawai'e hav nr 
 river, and extending; soiilliward In the main (leean as far as ('ape Mav. at the mnntli 
 of Delaware hay. and tu tin- iiurfhward as far as the northniost iiramli of the said 
 hay or river of Helaware, which is foi'ty-one deforces and forty minutes of latituih', 
 and erosseth over thence in a straijiht line to Hudson's river in forty-one deji-rees of latitude ; which 
 said tract of land is hereafter to he called liy the name or iianie^ of Nova Ca'sarea or Xew Jersey." 
 This practically einliraced Ihe leiritoiy of Xew .lersey, for which a yearly r(ailal of twenty 
 noliles was demanded at oi' in the Inner 'I'eiiiple Hall, l>iindoii, at the i'^casi of St. Micluud, the 
 Archangel. New Jersey was a part of the i;reat |erritoi-y i;i\-en to the Hiike of ^'ll|■lc hy Charles 11. 
 As tenants-in-conimoii. l.ord P>erkelev and Sir ( ieoriic ( 'artaret L;iiverned their possessions until 
 Julv 1st, 1()76, when our present State was di\-ided into two sections. Cartaret retained the eastern 
 moiety, whilst TJerkcley transferred the western division to William I'eiin, (iawn Lawrieand Xicholas 
 Lucas, trustees for lOdward P>ylliiiL;e. .\n arhitrary line, which for years gave much trouhle to 
 landowners, divided Ivist and West Jersey. The houndary ran from iiittl(> l-^gg Ilarhour to a 
 northern ]ioint on the I)(daware river in the iieigliliorhood of the I)(daware Water (iap. 
 
 Trenton was thus in West Jersey, the Province line lying to the eastward of the town in the 
 vicinity of tin- old out-plantatious of Cranhury. Practically, then, the histnryof Trenton i- con- 
 fined politically to the western division. 
 
 \\"illiam Penn and those surrounding him at once commenced the development of West Jersey. 
 They held ottt to Kuropcans — Lowtlcrmans. Scotch, Irish .ind ICnglish yeomanry — the advantages 
 of a good soil, low taxes and as free a government as the world had yet seen. It was to he a land 
 of peace and plenty. The geologic and clinialic conditions heing favorahle for man's settlement, a 
 liheral frame of org.anie law was conducive to his permanent oeeupancy. 
 
 Therefore, there was soon jiromulgated in West .lorscy a constitution for the government of the 
 jjcojile, wliicli was in fact and form a tloeuuuait of true democracy. These '• Concessions and agree- 
 ments of the proprietors, freeholders and inliahitants of tlie Province of West New Jersey " were made 
 
TIIK CITY OF TUKNTON. 
 
 17 
 
 (111 tlir tliinl (lay ,>\ .Maivli, ICTC, ciiirniiiiiio tin ivl.y llic ci ml lact and a-rcanoil made on llic second 
 day (.r Maivli, KITC, l,v William I'.iiii, Cawii l.awiic. and N icli,,las i.ucas, mil. i 'I'lioinas lliildiin- 
 sdii, 'rinmias {'carsdii, .l..s(|ili llrlmslcy, (;,■,,|■^,. II nliliins.ni and Malilon Slacv. 
 
 The activity nf the (Quaker immiiiranis, wlidlici- lur rr mi,- (,r ivli-ions rcasmis, is slaiwn I'min 
 
 the t'ael that in ICi??, two e( iniiianics (if (junkers, one in ^■(.]■kshi|■e and imc in Londnii, made |mrchase 
 
 "'' ^"111'' "I' ''"■ \\ ''^t -Icrscy lands, and sent (Hit the l'.ill,,\\inu c iiii^-i r- |,, |,mvliase the lands 
 
 "f the Indians: Thdiiias Ollivc, Daniel Wills, .hihii Kinsey, .I..I111 I'lnJMr.l, .l,,-e|,h llelnislev, 
 Kdhert Stacy, licnjaiiiin Sc,. 11, Itichard ( ;ii\' .and ■rii(.iiia> l''i.iilkc. They littcd mil a .^ailiiii;^ vessel 
 
 called the Kent, and landed lli.ar | lassciiii.a-s, luu himdred in iiumlier, .il l!acc 1 (a-eek, while tliL' 
 
 (■(imniissidiKa-s sailed h. a |ilace they called ( 'hyi^des Island, alti I'wai'd- r.inliiiL:t( m. 
 
 AiiKinii their | iiivchascs, thioimh Diilch and Swede iiite|-|iivt(a->. wa^ a tract (if land from 
 Uancdcas ( a-eek td .Vss.aniiink lavek, fdr which |iail |iaynieiil in l!Iiiis, cidlho and I riiikel,- w a- made. 
 This system (if Indian |iurchase was cliaractia-istic (it the (jii.akia- sedlers. and as late as .\(iv(aiilicr, 
 17();i, it wasordcred in the Cdnncil .if l'ni|irietni> thai .Idhn Will^, Willi.am lliddle. .Ii-., and .hihn 
 Pveadina shdilld ud il|i td Hie Indians alidve the tall-, and | .aili( iilaily l.i ( ',i| idiidcki m- .and to 
 Ximhanmide's wiuwam. td treat with them, .and tn li.ixc the lidimds (if the lamU lalel\- |.m(liased 
 tVdiii the Indians pi-dpcrly laid diit, and Id i:el fi'dm them dceils fdr the same. 
 
 r//r SUr ,>r' 7>-iv//,ifr 
 
 w IT/'i 
 BngroMd erprail^ far lAu wort. 
 
 I\I.\III.IIN ST.Xr^'s I'l.ANIATION. 
 
 .Vniontr the eufly (Jttaker iminitirants was Mahloli Stacy, .a man of more thati oi'dinary ability. 
 Allhdiiuh his lifst associatidiis tinancially and socially were with ]!iirlini.'t(in city, lie saw in the site 
 df Treiitdii the advantaiics df a tliiixini; hiwii. IJy l(i7'^ -T'-l he had licciiine ideiililied with |ii-d|iei'ty 
 int(_'rcsts at the month of the .\ssaii|iink. and in lliSO comiilclcd the erection of his mill, wdiicli was 
 
 in fact tli( Iv one iidrlli dt I'.nrliimtdii. .\l varinus limes he |im'chased a l.afLTc |ilanlalidn, which 
 
 now fdi-nis a |idili(iii (if the nidst cdn,L;'este(l seetidii df the city. II is tli(a-efdre in the eslalilishinent' 
 (if Mahldii Stacv's mill, which studd n|idn the .\ssaii|iiiik. near its nionlli, that we lind tlic licjiin- 
 niii^^s (if Tfenton's settlemenls. I nci(l(ailally. this mill was Imill of hewn loi;s. and was hut one ami 
 a half stories lii;:h. wilh iialile faciiiL;- llroad street. It was aft(a-war(l |inicliase(l and rclmilt liy 
 William Trent. Siiliseiilieiilly this landmark was c(iiiv(a-te(l into a collou factory liy (iideoii II. 
 Wells. It naiiaiiied in the same ediidition in which it was erected hy Mr. Tr(ail until it was carrie(| 
 away liy the lldud df IM-'l. Treiildirs instil ill inn may ihns he traced Id an ecdiidiiiic cdnsi(l(a-ali(in. 
 a (|iialily that has ev(M- since marked the IdWii. 
 
 The advantafrcs olTered for a;_'ri(ailtiire, for river trade and lor millintr sddu drew seltha's to the 
 viiinitv. I'>v Ki.s.") a numlier of |ie(i|ile c.imc to the new town to join llieir forluncs with those of 
 Stacy. At this time the name ■■The l'"alls," or, as (|iiaiii(ly written, "ye ITalles of ye De La 
 
IS TIIK ( ITV OK TKKNTOX. 
 
 Ware," lictraii to come into jrcncral use. 'I'liis hit of noiiiciiclat(irt> was of imich earlier orifjin, and 
 was su^5ieste<l hv tlie rai)i<ls in tlie Delawaic, which He directly het'ore the town. The early settle- 
 ments at "'The Falls" were scattered from lowing townshiji to the lower portion of the city. 
 Tradition j)oints to the early oei'U]>aney of the lowlands south of Uiverview Cenietery. In the mean- 
 time it must not he forfrotten that the center of the new town was Stacy's null, and that Trenton as 
 a name did not exist until nearly forty years had clajisccl. The hi'irinnintrs of Trenton are vatriie. 
 tradition and manuscript hoth failing; us in the endeavor to throw light upon the matter. But of the 
 following facts practically covering the period froni U'lTCi-j Till, we are assured. 
 
 The history of the city of Trenton as "The Falls" is directly coinie<-ted with that of Hurling- 
 ton city and coimty. 'i"he earliest concept of the owners of West .lersey, regarding the ))olitical 
 divisions of the Pi'ovince, was that it should he ilivided into ten proprietaries. In Fehniarv, ItiSl, 
 the '' me11io<ls of the coimnissioners for settling and regldation of land" were promulgatecl. The 
 I'rovince Sin'veyor was instructed to measure the front <if the river Delaware, lieginning at St. Pi)d< 
 ( .•\ssan])ild< ) creek and thence to Cape May, and divide the same into Xths. so that eaih Xtli shall 
 have a proportion of river frontagi' ''and so far hack into the woods" as will make or contain 
 sixty-four tliousand acres for each tenth. The two most cons])icuous tenths, hy virtue of this 
 arrangement, were the Yorkshire and Lomlon Xths, so calleil tiecause the settlers came from those 
 regions in Old I'aigland. .\t this division, the First or ^'orkshire Xth extended from the south si<le 
 of the .\ssanpiidc to the north side of the I'ancocas creek and facing the l>elaware. Eastward, the 
 lines extended indefinitely toward the woods. Inasmuch as the tirst settlements in Trenton were 
 south of the .\ssan]iiid< creek, or helow the " Falls," the hegimiings of the town are associated with 
 the 1st Xth. North of llie .\ssan|iink was practically a terra iiiciKjiiiUi. The Xth system soon 
 became cmnhersoiue, and in May. 1()'.)1, the Legislattu'e consolidated tlu^ 1st and 'Jd Xths "into one 
 county, named and from henceforth to he called the comity of I5urIington, hounded liy the Der- 
 went (formerly called the St. I'ink or Sun I'ink ) [.\ssanpink] and the Crapwell [Pensauken] 
 creek," on the north and south, respecti\-ely. .\t this time all the inhahitants ahove the A.ssan))ink 
 were joined to the jurisilietion of Uurlington court. 
 
 One authentic record that remains, throwing information u])on \\u\ life of the ]ieople of " The 
 Falls," is the manuscript "Court liooke," now in the custody of lienjamin F. Lee. Ks-piire. of 
 Trenton, Clerk of the Supreme Court. Therein we see tlie fii'st ollicers elected hy the jieople (,f 
 Burlington county to serve as well for Tri'iiton as tV)r Burlington. Tpon the twenty-tifth dav of 
 March (New Year, old style), JtiM, the voter.- of I'.urliugton elected William Emley as Sheriff for 
 one year, to serve from St. I'inek (Assanpink) to "ye Creek called Oldmans." Thomas Wood was 
 elected Constahle at ''ye ffalles and ye T-iherties thereof." Thomas Revel was chosen Register and 
 Daniel Ja'ccIs, Surveyor. In August, HiSii, it was ordered hy the coiu't that Leeds, with convenient 
 assistance, hefore the tenth of the seventh inonlh next, shall " L.-iy forth the sevi'ral Tenths within 
 this Rrovince, That is to say, to take ye extent of ye liiver from St. I'inck to C;i)ie Ma\- .\iid ye 
 same to Divide into Teune K(piall |i"ts or shares." 
 
 That "Ye ITalles" and its vicinity had grown to sutlicient size to recjuirc the servict^s of a 
 Constahle, proves that the pojudatiou of what is now Trenton had increased with cousiderahle 
 rapidity. 
 
 The use of li(|Uor. and its regulation in early Burlington are of interest. Thus u]ion the eighth 
 and ninth of .\ugust, \i\X2, it was ''ordered hy the Co'rtthat noe Person or Persons keeiiingor that 
 shall keep an ordinary or Inne within the ,Iui-isdiifion of this Court shall from tt after ye Tenth dav 
 of .Vugust instant, take more than two pence t'or an .Vie (Juart (Winchester meazure) of good whole- 
 somt^ Ale or strong heere. \\\A Benjamin Wheat iV: Henry (iruhh are hy ye Co'rt appointed to hee 
 AI(! Tasters .\nd to goe to ye measure- for .Vie iV: heere, acconling to ye order above, untill ye next 
 (uMi'all Assemi)ly or fin'fher order." .Vgain u|ion the twentieth of February, 1()S2, the court 
 ordereil that after thi' first day of March "cyder shall not he sold for more than four ])ence ye (iuart 
 And yt Uunmie from ami after ye tyme afore' sd shall not he sold for more than one shilling six 
 peiise ye (Juart." 
 
 The first special ollicers for tlu' 1st Xth seem to have been John Woolston and John Shinn, 
 who were appointed Over.seers of the Highways on the twiuty-seeond of May, KiSo. On the seven- 
 teenth of the fourth mouth, 1(J.S4, Shinn was succeeded hy (Jodfrey Hancock. John Woolston was 
 his own succes.sor. I'pon the twenty-fourth of the fourth month, KiS-l, the inhabitants l)etween 
 
TlIK CITY OF TliKNToX. 
 
 "Till' Falls'" ami ( 'losswic-ks <'li(isc' W'illiani ImiiIcv and .l(]sli: Wrifrlit, Asscssurs, with liohnt Sta.-v 
 and TIki: Ili'Vcll, Ucccivcrs, " fur assrssnicnt uf \r (Irnl AssiMnlily and for t,'ivinj,' in uath uf land in 
 tenth, l)(ith undivided shares and trai'ts." The fuUdwini: pniprietarv list is fur the lirst time pi-inteil, 
 and L'ix'es all the landowners of the lirst Xth. This includes tin- names of the jilantatiun-liolders 
 at Trenton and vicinity as the record stood in K'lSt : 
 
 Koht Stacy, Tho I^■vell, Seth Smith, the :; hmthers wlie.'Iw ritdits Tho llowman, Tho I'.n.ld, 
 Richai-il (luy, Nathaniell West, Tho: Sinifleton, Tho Tei-ry, Morileca\- liowdcii. John (loslinuc, John 
 Crijiiis, Josejili JUowdes, Tho Wrie;ht, Edmund Stuart, John Lon.i.', Samll Oldale, Kli.-is ll'are, 
 iTraneis Hoswiek. Daniel Leeds, Kohcrt Youn;,', John Daye, Klcazia- jl'eiiton, John Shimi, Tho: 
 I'.ndd, Tho: Curtise. John liutc'her, Samuel liarkcr, John Curtise, John i'.i-owne. Michael .Xeuhold, 
 I'ersifall Towle. John Antram, John W'oolstou, (iodfrey Hancock, Henry St.icv, Willm I'.iddle. 
 Jno Underhill, Saudi Andrews, Samll Borden, ^\'illm Heard, John Snodcn, John llooton. Henrv 
 Stacy, John Horner, Willm Jlarnes, Hanicl hlason, ( ieoi'^c ( lofoith. Mannaduke llawsman, Aiitho: 
 Woodhouse, Willm Jilaek, I'ho: tTarnsworth, Peter Ifarrison, I5ryan .Morehouse, Tho Thcakes, 
 Mathew A\'atsori, Thomas Wood, John Wood, Koht \\'ilson, \\'illm Hickson, ItxiL^cr I'arkc. 'Iliomas 
 tfouke, ITi-aucis l)aven|iort, SainuiJl ^\'riLI:ht, Thomas Wri^;ht, Jose|ih Stone, Thomas Lamhert, 
 Thomas Tindall, (ieorjie Hutchinson, .hio Pattison, Willm Passwell, llolit i^' John Mnrlin, l!oht 
 Pearson, Tho Shanuan, Roht & Tho: Scholey, John llou'ers, James Pharoe, ()eoi'M;(. Hutc;heson, John 
 tl'ullwood, Andi'ew Smith, Peter ITretwell, Hu;^di Staniland, ^[ahlon Stac\-, John liamhei-t, Joshua 
 Wiitdit, 'I'ho: Lamhiat, Willm Emley, Thomas Partin, John Paneras. 
 
 rpon the eighth of the sixth mouth, 1(.)S4, Thus. Mathews (■om])lains conecniinL; "ye S|io\de 
 of Tindier U}ion Lauds not taken uj)." The covu't ordci-ed a ]ii'oelaination from (iov. ()llive and 
 CiMUK'il against tlie said action, and that those disoheying he tined. 
 
 This com]ilaint of Thomas Mathews liriuijs to mind the (|Uestion of tindier waste aloiiLr the 
 Pelaware. ])urint;tlie entire colonial period, and in fact to this very day in exli-einely isolateil 
 sections of the southern part of the State, it was no luicouunon occurrence for vandals to set lire to 
 the ])ine forests of large owners, so that charcoal could he I'eadily ohtaiued. Vast forests of chestnut, 
 o.-ik and maple lying ui'ar Trenton were destroyed hy tire to save the expi-nsi' of cleai'ing the land, 
 this heing prei)aratory to agricniltural devel(.i])ment. Timher thieves ahonnded throughout West 
 Jersey, jiartievilarly tlirough the cedar swamjis, which then, as now, were of great value. 'I'he 
 unoccuiiied lands were regarded as a common, wliethia' taken up or n.ot. and siinieof the settlers 
 grew to helieve that they had rights of piscary, hunting and wood-gathering u]ion any and all 
 pro])rietary land. The ho.gs, liijrses and other animals of the Delaware \'alley villages, and those of 
 eniliryotie Trenton among the numher, wei-e allowed to I'oain the ne.ir-liy \Miods. The heasts were 
 distinguished hy nothing hut the "ear-marks'' and occasional "hauneli hrands," each desiirn 
 helonging to a certain owner. Tins scheme of mammalian heraldry lasted luitil well in the pi'csent 
 century, and has even vet not entirelv heen relegated to customs now ohsolete. fn the more remote 
 jjortions of New Jersey, these animals increased rapidly ami \:[\)si'i\, fine (loiiiisfioitii into/c/vc milnriv, 
 sucli as the "wild cattle" of Seven-Mile Peach, in Cape May county. X trace of this exists on our 
 statute-hooks, whereto this day stands an act to prevent rams from running at large. In Ki.ST, 
 Walter Reeves was indicted for niai'king swine with another man's mark. 
 
 In lfiS5, the oflicers chosen were John l')Uild, High Constahlc ; Josh: Kiev. ( 'onstahlc for " ye 
 Falls:" i;(Jiert Stacy, itohei-t Young and Jno. Daye, ( )verseers for the 1st .Xth. in KiS.s. Jno. 
 Wilsfoi'd was aii|)ointed Constahlc for .Xottiugham, which town was ''presented" hy the (iraud 
 .hny " for not making a sullicieut P>ridge over the River Darion" (.Vssanpink ). The coiu't impose<l 
 C'iO fine upon the inhahitauts if the same was not s|ieedily conipleti'd. William Ismley, 'i"ho: 
 Lamhert, Roht .Murlin and William Watson were appointed .\ssessors. In this year JIugh Stani- 
 land was " lyeeiiiiil " as an Ordinary kee])cr in Nottingham. "The I'^alls," at tiie Xoveniher term 
 of court. PISS, are defined hy implication to he in Xottiugham townsiiip. The Conslaliularies 
 heing returned hy thetirand Jui'y, .Xottiugham wa< appi-ove(l hy the court "to lye helwceu Cross- 
 wicks Creek and Delaware River k northwards \ip the River soe far as at ji'i'senl InhahiteiL" 
 Here hegins the story of the estahlishnnait of old .Xotlinghain township. 
 
 ]ii this term, Joshua Wright was appointed Oversi'cr of the Highways for .Xottiugham. During 
 1689, Rohert Pearson seems to have heen Constahlc for Nottingliam. 
 
■20 
 
 rilK (MTV OK TUKNToN. 
 
 At a court lirld .hllic •">'l, l()'.)(l, Jnlin Rii};ri-s attcstrd a< ('i)iistalilc I'dV N(illiii,i;li:nii. A I llir 
 ciiurt Xi)Vfinl"T •".d. Ki'.KI. \\'illiaiii ImiiIcv. 'rimina-; Wii'jlil ami .Ic-hna Wriulit wrvr |ircsciilril fur 
 )iui-cliasiiii;- lands (if the Indians, i-i.nhaiy \n law. 'I'liry wrvr laid' ac'(|uil1i'd. lly .Inn. Tati-ln. 
 allorncv. in Iti'.K), Daniel ('(i.\ siu'd .Inn. W'.pdd fcu- trr.-|ia<s. Wdnd \nnk np Cn-X land at tlic l'"alls. 
 which V'lX had pufchascd of Tlmnias I'.ndd. Wuod had marked Iitis anil ■■started" hay. The 
 witnesses wcfc TIk Unas Lamhert. Ilichaid llasmtt ami Tlmnias l!e\-ell. The ilefendant \va< lined 
 Co and costs lieeaiise he " dis|iai-ai;-ed tV dcfianiled |iuMieUly the Tytle." 
 
 On Felintarv ■_'()th, Ki'.KI. Tli as ( nlhcalhoipe was selected a.- the Xottinjihani CunstaMc and 
 
 .Idhn Lamlicrt as Overseef nf the llijihways. 
 
 On I'ehruarv ■Jllth, ICi'.ll, .hihn .\liliiitt was selected as \(ittini;hani ( 'cin«t.ilile and .Inhn Lam- 
 hert ciintinucd as Overseer of the IliL^hways. 
 
 In Mav, Ul'.l'i. the Oraml .liir\- |iri'sented the ennnty of liurliiiirtnn for not layiiiL; nut .and 
 taking;- care nf lawful hit.diwavs ■■when' the\' aic wanteil — In ye ITalls." In I'^eln-iiaiy, I fi'.l'J-'.l.'!, 
 Tlxiinas Tindall was scleeteil as Cnu-t.aMe. ami Thuni.is ( dlliertlini|M' and .lu<liua Kly ;is ( )vei-seers 
 of the Ili^hwavs in Nottihizhani. In ](>'.):'. i l'"c-liiuar\- ). William W'al-un. who h.ad ln'cn selected 
 Constalile, stated th.at le'liad ■'liyred lloliert I'earson and ye ('o|-'l accrpts him." The <-onrt, in 
 kid;!, also ordei'ed the townships of Nottingham ami ( 'hesteiTield to inei't together and Lay out a 
 wav to I'^ast .lersev. In Ki'.l.">. the ( )verseers of the Highways foi- .XottinLihiUii wcic.lohn \\'il~ford 
 and liohert Pearson. 
 
 ( )n the twentieth of l'"i-liiaiary, KiDI, William llixson was selecteil Xottiniiham Conslahle. and 
 John .\Miott and .lohn I'.ycrlcy as Overseers of the llii^hways. In K'>'.»."i-'.l('>, Samui'l Overton 
 hccame ( onstaMe and (ieiAas I'hai'oe, ( )verseei' fo|- Xott ini;liani. 
 
 .\t the sessions of .\u,L:ust. Ki'.lfi, the court appi'oves of twelve men in Xottini;ham for layinu 
 (lilt a road fi'om a ■"hickerx' tree ne.ar ('rosswicks P.i'idiie" to Thos ( dlhei'thorpe's meadow uhei'e 
 Wm W.atson's wav la'osses a run. thence to a stake in miildle <if cia'tain |iarcel of laml of Thos 
 ( lillii'i'tlioi-pe. .\nlhiiuv Woodward was to choose his In-t ■■( 'onvenience to ye sd Roade." 
 
 On |-'el>ruary ■Jlllli, K'l'.IC,-'.!;, .\iithony Woodw.ird w.as selected as the Xottiniiham Constalile. 
 hut Samuel O\erton took his place. .\t this court, it is of \'ei-y ureat importance to note that 
 Maidenhead w as (a-ccted into .a tow nship in the fnljow im; indcliniti' terms : " The I nhahitants a hove 
 Ass.anpinkc ordered hv \e ('ourt to he a Tow,~liipp of them>el\'c< Ky the .X.inii' of M.aidiaihcad. ' 
 
 It will lie noticed that hv this o|-dia- all that portion of what latia' hccame Trenton, lyint;- north 
 of the (a-eek, w.as(a'eated into a township, pi'actically laittinu XottinL;liam into two parts. 
 
 In Ki'.l? ( .\ui;\i-t I. .lohn Lainhei-|. of Xottini:h.ani. announces that he has a hoy. ( leorge Slaitev, 
 whom ln' hiamht fi-oiu .lames Trent, -luly 21,-t, Ki'.lT. The court oi'dei-s the time Slaitia- shall serve 
 his master. Xoviauher session Martin Scott cxhihited a Scoti-h hoy, named .lames JIaddyard, and 
 Thomas hamliert also cxhihited a Scotch hoy, .lohn \'ounL;, wIkhii they had purchased from .huues 
 Trent. .\t the |-"ehruai-\- sessions, Ki'.l7-'.l>^, .lohn liiycrly was selected as .Maidenhead Constalile 
 ami William (juicksall as Xottinuh.am Constahle. The .lustices were foi-hiddcn to i:ivc liipior 
 licenses Uldess the same he issued hy the court. The Constalile of Maidiaihead was onha'cd to call 
 twelve sullicient men to lay out tlu' Ixinu's Ili^ihway from a point on thi' Province line to the 
 Assanpink. In .Mav, Ki'.is, the Maidcadicad ]ieople were lined L'KIO foi- not paying- their county 
 and jirovineial taxes to Peter Krt'twell, Pro\imaal Treasincr. The line \\as latia- rcanoved. 
 
 The Constalile returned the follow inji' descri]ition of the Maidenhead road: ■■ P>ei;innintr on ye 
 sd line at 'S'orke old IJoadc at ye Coriua^ of .loseph Worths land, thcaice to ye eitiht mile Puiuie 
 thence throuiih .lonathan Uaviss his land Improved iV' Inclosed, theuci' o\er ye si.x mih' Kunn 
 throtijih Theophilus Phillips land, thence o\ca' scvei-al miais lands .and over Thomas Smiths Land to 
 ye live nnle Uuinie thence over .Mahlon Stacys land to .Vssanpink Creeke neare ye mill of M.ihlon 
 Stacy." 
 
 In Ki'.I.S, .lohn liyerly returned .lohn Chak as his successor for one year in the .Maidenhead 
 Constahiilary. Ivaljih Hunt, Overseer of the Maidenhead Highways, returned Thomas Sndth foi- 
 one year, and William Quieksall returned Isaac Watson for the XottiiiLdiani Constahulary. 
 
 In KI'.I.S. thca-e was dissatisfaction in Maidenhead coiKaa'ninfr the two roads from thcii^ tow'u to 
 tltc Assanpink. .\ preceiit directed the Constahh' to call the inh.ahilants and put it to vote, so that 
 the '• Koad which shall he jiieht Upon A' approved of hy the majority of votes shall he the l'^>tahlislit 
 road." 
 
TIIK CITY (»K ■I'KKXTOX. 
 
 •21 
 
 III Ki'.lS. till- M.-ii(lciili,'.-nl ( uii-l.ililr wn- .ImIim I'.ri.ilcy. iiinl 1 lie lik,' ( iHirr in N, i| I iii-liani wii- 
 lillcil liy W'illiiiin (^licks.ill. In IC'.I'.I, iIm^ |m|1,,\\ iiiLi i^ an alislrad ol' the cimrsc ul' tlir .Maidcnlicail 
 i-iiad : ■■ I'.f^Mi- al the |iartiti.iii liin' ; l.y iiiai-ki'd Ihts tnS mili-nni; tu a white <iak in kind nl' 
 .Inlianiics kauiviicc; liy niarkrd trees to a wliite oak lieli.re l!al|ili Hunts d.iur liv the lain; hv 
 niarki'd trees to hrid-c .,\er H iiiih- lani in itoht l.anninus i.and ; llieiiee diieet lhi-.iii;:li Win Acres 
 kind ami .lasper Sniitli's kiniland 'I'hos Smiths kind tuoinik' run to a hi.-i ive lrec> ; l)y SaiiHieil 
 >Latheus tV Sand Sta.-v to Shahakiinek l'.i-idL;c : Iheiiee thnm-ii Mahluii Staev tu mill a- tive- ilin-et." 
 'i'his was si-iied l.y i;nl|ili lilimf.'i, Sainiiel limit, 'I'liu^ Smith, 'I'lieoiihuliis l'hilli|..-, .jnsliiia 
 Alideisuii, .l(ise])li Smith, .hilili l.aiiiiiiii;, llczekiah I'.diiliam. 
 
 At a session held Fi-hniary, IC.'.)'.!. ihiiv w.a,-. |,i(-ented a '■ Petition ol' some of the 1 nh.ahitants 
 alio\-e the tkals for .a New 'ro\\iishiii to hi' called IIo|ie\\cll as also for :i New Koad iV 1". miidaries of 
 the s.iid Town read .V il|ioii Hie ( )n leivd That there he a Town there called llo|jewell and th.at vc 
 r.ouiHlaries tlna-eof Im' as follows ( vizt ) To heein .at .Mahlon Stai-ys .Mill and so aloii'^ h\- ^'ork road 
 milill it conir' to Shahhaciiiiek and ii]i the smne until it iin-.'l with yi- line of r.irliti'iu that divides 
 the Societies .■',11. (Kill acres I'urchase fr.aii the |."illi)il llhai aloiii:- the line of the Sd Socie'.ic's :;i)i)l);) 
 acres I'urchase to |)el.iwan' l!i\-er." 
 
 Herein .are the hcLiiiinilius of Iloiiewell. Thus we tiiid the site of Trenton einliraced in the 
 hounds of three to\Mlshi|is — Ho|,e\\el|, .M.a idilihead .and .Vol t i I li;hani. Of tlie^e. lh.|ir\M'll alolle 
 retains its name, .althoii'jh eiiiliraciiiL:' a mii.-h less area than in the past. The court .at this session 
 
 selccteil Tlleo|,holus I'hilliliS as ('ou-.t.lhle lor M.aidelihea.l. Caleh Wdleatley to the liki' ollice f(.r 
 
 .\ottiiii:haiu. and Stephen Wil-on for Hopewell: as I )\ lascers of the liiiihway, lle/.eki.ah jioniini 
 was for Maidenhead, Thomas Tiuil.dl for Xottiniiham, and .\iidreu Heath for Hopewell. In 
 I'eluaiary, 17(111, the ( '(justahles of the court reported a~ to the .iclion of the inhahitants in choosing,' 
 
 Assessors anil ( 'ollectors of the ('ount\ Ta.x. The ("ou^talilcs were: l''or Maidculieid, Tl phihis 
 
 I'hillips : for llopcwi'll. .lonath.iu Haxi-: for Nottiu^h.im. ( 'alcli Wheal ly. In Fehriiary. I7(t1-'J, 
 the ( 'oiistahles sclci-li'd were : 111 Hopewell. I'duatliaii |)a\is: in Maideiilieail, Tlieophiliis I'liillips. 
 .and in .\ottiiiL:liani .lohu kamhert cho-,' Thomas Tiiid.ak 'I'he iie.\t N'c.arTiudal reiii.aiiieik aial 
 
 William Sp.aicer liecamc CoU-tahle lor Hopewell. On the lliueteelltll of the twelfth 1 th. 17(1-'. 
 
 the iuliahitauts of .Xottiiiiiham prcMaitcd the foil . •, ::m interestiuL: petition to the .lustices : 
 
 " Wliia'cas there li.a- lieeii for more tli.au lwent\' \'ears past .a liiL;liwa\' ki'iidiiiu from the iTals 
 towards Hiirlinetoii over Crosw iik Crccki' throui;h the I'laiilatiou now of Saudi ()\erton which 
 ,M ucli Shorten- the .loiu iie\- a- x\ell for the ( 'oii\ eu.iiic\- of Tra\elers as also for yi' I nhahitants of 
 the tow iisliip of Xotliueh.am .and \\dier<aipoii the Inhahitants al their Last towne nicctin;^- Were 
 ru.animnsK ('oiiceutiiiL: and did tliiie .all ('oiiccut and aL;ree ( k]\ceptiuL; t he said Sanill • Ivertotl ) 
 tli.at the same sli(]iild he so ('ontiiiiieil and reiiiaiiie .as a free llridh' Stye and way for travelers and 
 therefore liiiiiiliK' piavs the ('oneurreiice of the ('oiirt in ( 'oulirniation of the saim — ."^iLmed in 
 I'x'lialfe of the town p Williii I'auley ( 'Icik. When upon the Court Orders that it shall cont inue a 
 P.ridle Wav." 
 
 At the Decenihel session. 17(11, the Coustahlc selected for • ' Maydeiiliead ' ' was I'owcll lloofe ; 
 for Ihipcwelk liycll Havis, and Noltinuliaui, lii.'liard Willeoose for l.saac Watson. 
 
 |'"r..i]i the recor. Is ..f 17(lo. it is app.iivnt that the looscly-ilelined lioundaries of Hopewell and 
 .Maiileiihi.id wci-i' :it once producti\e of troiihli'. .and the court, without any further discussion. 
 disposed of the cut ire matter : 
 
 " Wdicrea- there lia- hecli .1 difercuce hetwccai the Townshipp of Maidenhead A' llopewell 
 ('(iiicei-nini; a Deviddit or |ii\i.~ioii of the Two Townshipps It was ordered thatSi.xof one of the 
 Townsliipps ami Six of the Other Shall Meet and .c/ree ahout .a Division and Make their report 
 which tliev of hopewcll li.axiiii: refused to cliiise their men it is now ordcfe(| hy the Court tliat llic 
 Two Tow nshipps shall stand as hcforctill further orders ( vi/.t ) All Maidenhead." 
 
 Ill 1711'), N.ithaniel i'cttit, .Ir., i'.arlholomcw Thatcher, William Wardclk .lolm Kichardson and 
 Henry Hell are mentioned as residents of Hopewell, in 17117, .lohu Clark, (ieiit., is reennled of llial 
 locality. 
 
 .\t the sessions, Deecniher lltli, 17<lo, the Coiistahle selected for Maideiiliead was .lasjier 
 Smith; lor Hopewell, Zfhuloii lleston and John Parks, and for Nolliii'rliam, William ICiiiley and 
 llicliaid W ild'_'o()s. 
 
•)•) 
 
 TIIK (ITV OK TltKNToX. 
 
 At M session .Maivli .'illi. 17(11;, Ainlrcw llratli ami Niclmlas llrciwn have licenses fnr l<cci)in.ir a 
 eiiiiuiiiiii vietualiiii;-linuse. 
 
 In .lune, I70(i. the Ovei'seers of lliiiliways were seleetiMJ : .Maiileniiead, .Juslnia Andei'son, .Tolm 
 Hart. Sr. ; If(i]ie\vell, Jonathan Davis, Jr.. Aiirahani '{'eniple ; Nottini^hani, Thomas ( Jiii)erthor|ie, 
 Isaae Watson, .laspei' Smith. a< Constalile for .Maiiliaihead, was eajieil, as was /ehiijon Ileston. 
 Constaliie for IIo|ie\V('ll. 
 
 ,\t the sessions, 1 )ei-emlica- KUli. ITttC). tlie Constaliles seleeted were: .Maidenhead. liolit. Laii- 
 nin.e' ; llii|ie\vell. I'Jioeh .\nderson ; .Nottintrham, W'm. Watson. 
 
 In .March. 17n7, iMioeh .\ndcrson, (!onstahie of Ho|ie\veli, was excused, and William Watson 
 wa^ linec] lOs. for not " clnisinir a lift man for Constalile." 
 
 Ill 17<l7. .lohn ('lai'k. (ieiit.. is mentioned as heini; of Ho|iewell. "Samuel Oldal [e] eoni|ilains 
 that he was not paid for liuildin^' a lirid^e over .\ssun|iinek Creek, it is orderi'il that 'rheo|ihilus 
 I'hillips John r>ainlirid<:e John Clark i^' Cajit. Hunt to assess persons in Hopewell i^- .Mai — (who 
 have not suli~crilH'd )" 
 
 .\t the March sessions, 170'^, TTcury .Miislion was selected C'onstahle for .Maideidiead, .\lexaniler 
 Lockhart for Hopewell, and William Iteaks for N'ottinjjham. In XottinLdiam. William (inicksall 
 and Mahlon Stacy wia'e selected as Overseers of the Highway, and William (Ireen and Jonathan 
 Hinl as Overseers of the I' • I'm- Hopewell. 
 
 The followini;' t.ax was Laid upon the townships, in 1 70S, for repairiiiir the Court House: 
 .\niwell, ll's. ; Hopewell. C, 1 Os. ; Mai. Icnhi-ad. C, : Xottiiitrhani. C. which Maidenln'ad and 
 Hopewell refusecl to pay. 
 
 In 170'.l, the Constaliles selected wci'c : .\niwell. .Ino. .Vrhni'tin: .Maidenhead. Timothy IJakei- ; 
 Hopewell. Thomas Smith ; Xottin;_'-liam. Samuel K.idford. ()versei'i's of the Hi^hwavs were : Hope- 
 well, .Irihn i'",l\' and William (Irccn. 
 
 .\t the <i'S>ions. .lune. 17ni). I'eter l.eistel' and Joseph Stout Wel'e selected as Collectol's for 
 Hopewell, and .lohii jIvciK' in like ollice foi' Maideidiead. 
 
 l'>y act of .\ssemlily, passed to jirovide for the " Destroying of wolves, panthers, crows and 
 hlackliirds,"' it was pnn'ided that money he raise<l liy the townslii]>s for this pnrjiose, and that 
 colli'ctors he appointed. The followiii'j: assessments were levied: .XottiiiLdiam. £'1; Hopewell. Ci; 
 Maidenhead, CI lOs. ; Amwell, CI. In Nottingham, Thomas Tindall and William ICmley were 
 appointed Assessors, and Rohert I'earson, Collect<ir. In Hopewell. William (ireen and Jonathan 
 Da\is wi're .\ssessors, and Daniel Howell. Collector. In Maidenhead. Ralph IFunt anil Itohert 
 Layning were .Vsses.sors, and Jaini's Price, Collector, and in .\niwell. .lohn Reading, Sr.. anil .lohn 
 Wilkinson, Assessors, and Samuel (Ireen, Collector. 
 
 Till' two road description- which follow h.ive an especial interest, as they were the main 
 highways hy which (he l""alls people reached the Sourlaiid mountain region : 
 
 Hopewell Dec 2(i, 1707. 
 .\ Highway from .Maiileiiheail through Hopewell. Beginning at the said road near Shahaconk 
 in .Jonathan Davis land to a Spanish white oak marked on west side, then to .\lex Lockarts land to 
 a lilack oak tree in his line thence to corner of Henry Holes Land i^' thence lictween them to corner 
 then straight to .loseph Hill's a- marked to .lohn Huirows to Rlack oak marked •'' notches in .los 
 Saeketts hreadth 2 rods. 
 
 Tho l.amliert \ 
 .lohn ( 'lark - Com 
 Theo I'hillips) 
 
 Hopewell Nov 1. 17()S 
 a Road 4 rods liroad, from two oak trees on S. W. side Rogers Road thence to white oak 
 on S. \\ . side Jacob Reeders land, thence direct as may he to hlack oak marked hetwixt Jon. Davis 
 I'i: Alex Loekerts, voiding the Davis land road, thence to .Iose]ih Sackcts thence to I'aioek .Anderson's 
 land to hickory tree marked in a valley in Anderson's land thence to 'I'homas Winderman's land. 
 
 In August, 1711. Mahlon Stacy sold his jilantation of eight Inuidreil acres, lying on hoth sides 
 of the Assanjiink creek, on the Delaware, to Colonel William Trent, of Philadelphia, who removed 
 
TIIK CITY <)1' TliKXToN. •>:>, 
 
 to Tiviit.iii sli.irtly iillcr, and Imilt llic iiiaiisi..ii imw in tlir u,-,ii|.nn. y ni Ivluanl II. Slnkrs. \\ 
 suliscqiK'ntly hrl(,n,!;.'(l In I )|-. Dani,! ( uxc ami was kn.iun as llic l',lo.,nisl.in-y fann. 'I'li,. Iinaiil- 
 housc was the Imildin- sitiiat.' ,,n tli.^ .nni.r .,r Market and IHiun slivrts, near lli,- ual,i-|,.,u,r. 
 
 - . M'^m-mMii-...^ 
 
 niiiMiii 
 
 wnmrirm 
 
 
 i\ l'"i I. I.' ^••^^ " Wm h.i. \ \s \ ,' 1721 IWIV 
 
 The adviait of Coldnrl 'rrciil was nf Lii'i'al ini i.oilancc td ■■ 'I'lic l''all.-." tor frum liini tlic i:ann- 
 iif tlir city, Ti-cul-tciw n, is drii\rd. It is tradili'mal lliat at tlii.- linir a dix ii--iiiii was had a^ tu 
 wlictlici- tlir |ilai'i' slinidd lie called ^'a I'dti i\\ n. in linniir of William ^'al■d, m- 'iViaitcin. ilutli Ini- 
 iai]iliiiiiy anil un account of tlic distinLiiiisJicd |inic|ia-cr ilic latlci nomenclature was adoiiled. anil 
 the scttlenient liecanie Tieiitoii. ■''Idic j-'alls" was not di'o|i|ied lor vcai's — in Tael. was in eonniioii 
 use until tlie Uevolutioii. 
 
 ^••:^ 
 
 d^^ 
 
CIIATT 
 
 l.ll'l-; IN IIIKNToN IN 'I'llK ((il.(»NV 
 
 SiiMK IvXIKAi'TS I'ltuM llli: I'ulv-S ( 'or NTIOl! I'lnTI \( ; AMI lIii|{SI>:-STi;AI.I.Nii I'ifol'F.KlV Sales- 
 Si, AVKKY AMI iin: l!i:i>i;Mrriii.M:i!> — Sumk l^Al!l,^■ Imhstkiks — Rkcouds hv 1'"hi:.-iiets- 
 
 SlDI'.I.K. Ill's (IN Till; I, III-: u|- TIIK I'lOnl'l.l-: 'I'lIK TKIiNInN 'I'dW N I'liiDlC. 
 
 ''M 
 
 >t>>;;*^^ 1 1 1-. lll^|(l|;^ .il Irniliiri woiilil In- iiiciiiii|ilrtc ucrc not sniiic rctcrriu-c innilc to 
 
 J tlir life (if till' |icii|ilc during; tlmsc tiini's whirli nrr sliriMiilcd in tin- mists <if 
 
 trailitimi. Frcun tlu' iic\vs|ia]icrs, wliicli. after all. uirc tlir tnirst iiiii'mrs of 
 
 ciildiiial I'xistriii'i', a IVw cliaractcristir i'xccr|its have lircii niailr wliicli, liricllv. 
 
 uill </wv siiiiic idea lit' Triiitiiiiiaii- I'liihi 1 7'_'"i til 177-">. CiTtain pliascs nf life 
 
 have liccii j;rnuiicil iiiiilcr r<|iri-ial liiailiiius fur iiiiut ra<\' ivfiTriici' and arc 
 
 scli'ctcil friiiii tlic rcniavkalilr lullrrtinii made liy Williaiii Xclsiui, Ks(|uifc, of 
 
 i ^ I'atcrsiin. Scrn-tary nf tlir Nr\\ .Insiy iJistnriial Smicty. Fiirtlii-r and nmrc 
 
 Q) claliiifatc references may In- fiuind in N'oliniiis XI., XII. 1st Series nf Xcw 
 
 Jersev Areliives. 
 
 t'dlNTKKKKITINi; .\Nli Hni;si;-STK.\ 1,1 ,\(;. 
 
 'I'lic two crimes iif ciiliinial days in wliicli the |iiililic were tlie must interested were cuunter- 
 feitiiii: and Imrse-stealinii', ISntli uf these came diiectlv liuine tu the |ieu|ile. The ecunnmic jiuliev 
 of (ireat Ilritain in de|ilctinu- tiic I'ruvince uf uuld, silver and cu|j|ier muncy, necessitated the 
 issiiaiUH' uf ]ia]ier hills uf credit. These were frec|Heiiily juiurly |irinted and consequently easily 
 imitatcil. The uninhahited wuuds of the smith and the hill c luntry uf the imrth furnished am])le 
 (>|iliurtunity fur cduntevfeiters tu carry un their ii|ieratiuiis. The money wa-^ readily put in circu- 
 latiun ill the market and fair towns, and. with no secret scr\ice. the i;uverninent had ixreat dillicultv 
 in capturinuf the well-urf;anized iranu-s of money-makers. 
 
 In days when horses were |iraetieally the only means of conveyance, stealin.u of these animals 
 was a serious crime. To show the gt'iieral as]iect of these crinies, the foUowinix citations are made : 
 
 Duriui,' Se])temlier, 1727, the '•.Vmcrican W'l'ckly Mercury " states that one Thomas Wriirht, 
 iiliiis Smith, a weaver, claimini; to he horn in Maryland, hut haviiii; lived on Lonjr Island and in 
 New 1'aiL.dand "and traded from one ImiiI of the Country tu the uthcr."" was in Trentun prison. 
 He was arrested on susiiicion of stealini.' a " Hay Sallion." 
 
 On the si.xti'eiith of Seiiteinher, 17'i7, there was "Taken away hy Force on the JIii.di-l!ude 
 lietweeii 'Prciit-Tmru and Ilristol,'' a saddled liranded. small liav hurse. The thief is descrihed as a 
 "Short Fellow with a Pea Jacket."' The hurse was in the care of a " yoiini: Fad named .lames 
 Sanilers. lielonjiiiiij to William HantofT, liaker." 
 
 In the "American W'i'i'kly Merenrv," Oetolnr. 1721). -lames (lold. of Trent Town, is spoken 
 of as one to .udve a reward of ."lOs, for a Yorkshire Imrsi', strayed or stolen from I'reeland's pasture, 
 at Inian's Ferry (New Brunswick). 
 
THE CITY OF TltKNTOX. 25 
 
 On ()ct(i1)cr 22(1, 1 7o2, 13('njaiiiiii Smilli, nf Trmt TdWii, was i-nhlird of a " lar;;i' |)a|H'll lmvv " 
 ■Aud a <laik-lini\vii lici|-sc. Tlir latter hail ■■[\\n slits in his olT ICar, and unr liind Kn.it white." 
 I'"i\e |iiiunils rrwaril was ulTei-eil in the " Merenrv. ' ' 
 
 in Aiiril, 17")0, the hunse uf William Dnuglass "at 'i'lvntnn Lamlini;-," was rulilieij, as well as 
 his shailii|i, from wliieh ^vas taken a *' I'ieee nf Hdllanil." 
 
 As an intniduetinn tu the suhjeet uf eunnterfeitini;-, an ail\erti-emeiit is cited whieh shows tlie 
 needs of a medium of exehan^e and the manner in \\ hieh the Colon \- wa< iniei-uiii!.' from the eondi- 
 tions of liai'ter and ti'ade. 
 
 In the •■Ameriean Weekly .Mei-eui-v," l'"eliniai-y L'Cilh to .M:iiih hlh. ITJO-ll, is to I.e fuund 
 a notiee from the firm of Tlmma-; lliiotuii :ind William Atlie. limitim: their dehtoi-s to .Ma\- l-I. 
 1711. for ]iayinent. Otherwise suit will he ln-ouuht. In the .aiKertiseineiit, .\tlee " |ii-oi.osi's with 
 .lohn l)a;:\Miithy, jun, to eontiniU' Store in 'rreiitou, to m11 ehea|i aial huy and sell onlv for readv 
 .Money." 
 
 In tlie " [Pennsylvania Cazette," .Mai'eh, 17ol-:i2. is to he found an aeeount of a stranucr who. 
 in [lassini: tlii-oiiL;h llnrlinuton, ehaniied two eountei-feit (is. .h'i>e\' hilN '■of ihe small sort.'" He 
 was ea|itured in a hoat lioiiiL;- to Tniiton and was eonveyed tlienee to the j:iil at Hurlinetoii. 
 
 Henry Vaycr, a eouiiterfeiter of .lersey i nrrent money, ;ieeiiriliiii; to the ■• I'eiinsvlvaina .Jour- 
 nal," of .July 2Sth, 17-h'^, was eiindenna'd to die .ind was exeeuted in Tienton on the ICith of thai 
 month. "The iiovernnient is detei-miued to e.xertt itself in deleetiiii; and |imiishinL; this t;rowin<.' 
 evil." 
 
 ,\n aihertisenieiit apiieais in the "Pennsylvania Cazette," in .hmuarv ami [■"ehru.arv. 1712— J.'i 
 tiiandiiiL; one alleL;i'd ".lohn ."-iiieiieer late of Ti-entuu " as a fori;er of Mar\l,ind hills of exehauiie. 
 lie is thus iiraphieally deseiilied : "has Inst two of his U|i|ier V<>\r Teeth, we.-u's a hrow n Coat, an<I 
 a short lirii\\n hoh \\"\is, has a Cold ehaseil Wateli and rides a lai-^e hlaek iiaeini; Horse with .a Star 
 in his I'^iirehead. * ■■■ * Is mneh addieted to Camilla;." 
 
 The Tnaiton .Tail, at tliat time, w hei-e the |irisoners \vere usu.ally eonlined, was not a verv 
 seciu'e huildinii. 
 
 ( )n .Inly 2(ltli, I7o2, aeenrdinLi to the "Pennsylvania Ca/.ette," three pi-isoneis hrnke Trenton 
 .lail. They Were. lohn LauLiford, an .Mlentown liuteher. " ennimnidy weai's a l-"lamiel .l.nket laeed 
 liefore ; hi' was horn in ( lid I'aiuland." There was ,dso Mdwaid Puller, who pri'leuds to he a shoe- 
 maker and tinner h\- ti'ade, of Lout;' Island, and " di'.'iw lim; in his .'-^iieeeh. " The third was Wari'eu 
 liarr, an Irish cooiiei', foi'merh' ferry-kei'|ier " ik ft nhun l)elawai'e j-'alls nn Ihe .lei'M-v kiiI,.'' ,\11 
 three middle at;ed and iii'eat lovers of di'ink. Thii'tv -hilliuLi's a|iii'i'e and I'laMiiiahle ehai'nes were 
 otfered for their return hv Kiioch .Vnderson, .li'., Suh-.'-^herilT. 
 
 Pi;o:'I':i:ty S.\i.1':s. 
 
 The ti'ansfei' of [irojiertN', hv \irtue of |iulilie ,'id\ ertisemenl in the eolnnial |iress, is of j^reat 
 interest to the .seeker after eeuealoirieal inform.'itinn. To show the extent of local hnldinus and the 
 increase in jiropertv values, as well as to Incate eai'ly ownei's, tin- newspaiiers ai'e of u'reat intei'esl. 
 A few extracts follow : 
 
 In the ■' Pennsvh'ania ( la/.ette," 1st of -Id mo., 1 72'. I. is the folluwimr ai Pert isem cut that a house 
 and ferry wi-re ''to he Let on the River of Dduiidn ahove the I'^alls, eommoidy call'd Heath's Fcrrv 
 witli an Orchard adjoiniuL', and coiivenieney for uettiui: I'"ire W'ooil.'' .lames ( lould, attorney, or 
 Francis I)Owes would iiive infoi-matimi. at Ti-entoii, as to the tei'ms. 
 
 " To he LFT 
 
 ".\ Plantation Thi'ei- Miles aho\e Trillion near the I'"erry ahove the l'"all-. one nnle frmn Vni-illiif .i 
 old Mill and '■', from his new one eoiitaininL;- ahout .'iHO .\eres, with a larL'c stone House, Ham 12 
 Acres of Oi'chard 2')() .\cies of Cleared Land, and a share in a I'^isli ]iond eillier at shares or Iveiit. 
 Enijuire at Cajit. ./innis (Imilil nl TrcnUni.'' — " I'einisylvania Ca/.ette," Se|itemiii'r, 17M1. 
 
 The .\meriean .Menurv (.Vuirust Sth-P'ith, 172.'!) contains an advertisement of the sale of two 
 dwellinif-houses and an acre of land ([iresmnahly curtilage) hclonf^'ing to Peter Pumme, of Trent 
 
2(\ 'I'llK CITV OF TUENTON. 
 
 Town. Tlu' sale was tn lie cimductcil liv .Tiisc|ili I'cacc. These properties joined "Allliartus Ring- 
 gos Land near Mr. Ti'i^nt's Mill." 
 
 In the "American We^'kly Mercury." January, 17^)•'>, (ieorjie Mason, of l*hiladel]ihia. adver- 
 tises for sale " sundry Tracts of Land one eontainint;- oOO Acres of very good Land." This was 
 u|ion Whitekelock creek and near |ii-operlies of Thomas W'oolverton and (Jeorge Fo.x ahove the 
 '•Falls." 
 
 In Trenton, according to the " I'ermsylvania (la/,ette" of Mai'eh 2'^th. 17-'>4. I'liilip Kingo 
 offered for sale a stoni' house and hit of thi'cc-fourtlis of an acre, and another lot and o|-chai-d of 
 nine acres, ■■hoth which l.otts are scitualcd in Trenton in New Jersey." .\|i|ilication could he 
 made for tei'ms of sale to J'hiHp Uingo, in .\mwcll. or Conielius liingo, in Trenton. I)r. Hall add.s 
 in one of his extracts : "It lies in a verv convenient part of the low n for any niannei' of hnsiness, 
 hcing near the mill." The last citation is fj-om tin.' Mtrniri/, May Kith, 17-!(). 
 
 .\ Nottingham plantation, ahont fotn- miles from Trenton, is olVered foi- sale in the ■■ i'cnn- 
 svlvania (iazi'tte," -liilw 17-M. ( Inc of the i|Ualitics of this farm was a " lai'gc (Quantity of 
 ^leadowing. " 
 
 Sanaiel IJustill, of llurlington, and .fohn Coxe, of Trenton, two of the executors iumIci- the last 
 will of I>aniel Coxe, hcing cmpowci-cd to sell his land, give iiotici' to cci'tain settlers through the 
 colinnns of the ■' l'cinis\ l\ania (la/cttc," Scplcmhci'. 17-")'-l. 1 )anicl Coxe owned two tracts '"com- 
 moidv known hv the name of the .'JD.OOII and l.").()lll) .\crcs Scitnatc in Hopewell and .Mai<lenhead 
 in Hunterdon ('ountx'." Those scttlci's who had not pnrchascil oi' leased of 1 )anicl Coxe dming his 
 lifetime were instructed to ••conic and agicc for the lands * * •■- or that they (piit tlieir 
 ri'spective Possessions oi' \ield np tin' same to the Ivxi'cutoi-s liy the Tenth Day of Novemher next." 
 
 The •■.\mcrican WcikK' Mcicmy." Scptcndici'. 17">'.t, advertises the sale of a thl-cc-humli-cd- 
 aere tract in iluntei'don county. William .\tlce, mcivhant. of Tivnton. conhl gi\-e purchasers all 
 necessary information. 
 
 The '• i'ennsvhania Cazcttc" of .Mai-cli I'lth. 1 7-">'.)- 10. gives an ad\-ertiscment of Ilopcwell land 
 for sale. Thomas Clarke and Joseph I'cace. of Trenton, are mentioned as agents. 
 
 In the •■ i'ennsvlvania (iazctti " foi- .Imic 7ih, 1744. apjicars an advertisement of -lane .\tlcc, 
 
 .administratrix of \\'illi.-mi .\tlcc. wl ITci's foi- sale a house, lot, stahles. stage wagon, live horses, 
 
 •••A Servant .Man's Time for tliicc 'N'ears. hcing ns"d to ilrive said waggon, and '.l-A acres of land half 
 a mile out of town." The lot had a spring and was •• lit for a Tanyard." 
 
 I'jioch .\nderson. in the '•Pennsylvania .lomiial." .hnic. 171^. olTers for sale a dw ellingdmnse 
 in Trenton, with garden, on the "Street that leads directly to New Yoi'k." .\lso ••two Lofts 
 opposite the Pi-eshitcrian Meeting-I louse. " Suhurhan tiinhcr land was also to he disposeil nf. 
 
 In l'"eliiaiarv, 17l'_'-l-'>, Thomas ( 'adwal.adcr. of Trenton, olTcis foi' sale 7111) acres of wdodland 
 within a mile and a half of the town. < »ii lliis tr.ict was "a very good Com inieiicy to cn-ct a 
 Forge or ( Irist Mill, it hcing on the same Sti-cam on which Trenton Mills stand." 
 
 William Morris, in 17l<i. olfcrs for sale sundry lots on Ilaiiov-cr street. I"> x 117 feet, a lot on 
 (^neeii street and a lot on King street, in Trenton. 
 
 In 17'")(), the .\lcxander Lockhart plantation, near Tr<'nton. on the Sc-ots Road, adjoining the 
 "old Mcetingdiouse lot." and the Charles Clark hoinestcad, were olTcrcil for sale. .hilm Cox. of 
 Trenton, w'u.s the agent. 
 
 In. lime. 17-"')0, was olTcrcil a |ilantatioii of ■2'iO acres, within a mile of Trenton, .\moiig the 
 attractions were "a large new framed harrack. ami a line yottng hearing orchard of eyder fruit.'' 
 Josej)li Worrell was the agent. 
 
 "William IIoiT, in 1740. olTers a two-story hrick house in Trenton, near the grist mill, fronting 
 on '■ two verv pulilic-k streets" and "hath a good Spring hefore the Door." ( )n the liftienth of 
 Octohcr. of this yi'ar, "at the House of Thomas llai'iics at Trenton" was sold ■2.'2-'<7 aca'es of 
 Hunterdon county land at Piiintiinc. 
 
 In 171-'), eighteen onc-fourlh-acre lots on Second street w ere otfcred for sale I ly F;phraim lion- 
 ham, of Phihnlelphia. 
 
 In John P> I's lottery, at Philailelphia, in 174(i, among the prizes were eight lots, .">()x Iti-'), 
 
 on the main street, at Cl") each, showing the valui- of Triaiton property at that day. 
 
THE Crrv OF TKKXTo.X. 
 
 •£t 
 
 C'lii.DXiAr, Pi.A\i:i,'V IN" 'l'i;i',\rii\. 
 
 liiiriiiL; till' (lildiii:!! ]iiriii(l, sl;i\ri-y in Xcw .Icrscy was a lliMi-,MiL:lily-|-cr(ii.nii/c(l insliliitidii. 
 In the l'iii'inali\(' iicriml (jf |iiiivincial rxi^lcncc, sn niiuli ha> lucn wiitlm iiiiK'ciMiiiii:- tlir sla\(i'\- of 
 nciiriirs ami Iiiilians tliat i>|i('(ial n-IVrrncc lin-c wuiild lie sii|Miilniius. 'I'lici-c is uiir pliasc nl' this 
 question ajipcarinL;- U|"iii tlir surface (if 'I'itiHuh life in pre-Uix iiliiti,inai-v ila\> that is uurtli\- df 
 mure than ]>assinL; nientiun. It is llial uf ■• while slavery." TJic lahm- of iieLM-oes in New Jersey 
 haileertain ilrawhaeks. The eliiiiate wa- tuo i-iiiuinns fur a sueees<ful |jer|ii'lnal imi of the race. 
 Aiiain, the net;r(i was ton lai'udy a " machine, " lacldiiL; in an\' executive ea|iaeilv. and, in aijihtion 
 
 the liuhhe feareil the ci msci | Hence iif smlilen iiUlhreak: 'Mm-ji-ii i-idts," as tlie\- Uerecalleil. 'I"he 
 
 Iteil ^[an, small in nnmhers, nnaccustdnieil td toil ami ia|iiill\' ile(a'easini: in nnmliei's. hv iid means 
 sn]i]ilieil the ranks. ( die cdui'se was d|icn .ind that w as llivdniili the ini|idrtatidn of " white sla\-es,'' 
 as they wci'c called. These ■'ferni sei-\ant,-,' or " redem|il idncr>," were reiaaiited fi'dui all eondi- 
 tiims (jf lifi' in till' llritish Isles, fi-nni the Khine N'.iIKa- and nllici- parts uf k;in'ii|ii'. Thev were uf 
 twii classes. ■■ I mleiitured " .ami ■■ l'"ree- Willi is." The ■■indentured" sia-\aiits were tlmse i'jiL:lish 
 men and wiuiien. net tu meiitiun Imys and uirls. w Im -^iTI llicmseKcs fur their |ia^sai;'e-miinev in 
 
 hu]»' uf fimlini;' hetter fuitinie in .Vima^ica. Su wides|iread ilid the ciistiHii hec c. that in I'aiiilaml 
 
 jiersiins urbanized a husiness uf pi^uian'inL;' ser\'ants under s|ieciuns ]iruniises uf i^rcat wealth fur lahur 
 jicrfonned. 
 
 The " free-willers " were tliuse \vliu alluwed sliiiJ captains tu ti-aiispurt Ihem tu .\nii-riea. 
 These ser\'ants aLireed that if tliev did nut suci-ecd in scciu'Iiil; eniplu\'ment mi tlicii- uwn I'undiliuns 
 they euiild he sulil fur a tii'm uf years, the captains haviiii; a lien n]iuii their liudies. .Much munev 
 was made hy tlicsi' ca]it:nns, in that tlie\' w i mid nut alluw the ■ ■ free-w illers " tu l.-ind in .\iiicriea 
 and uhlain wurk, hut kept them uii liuard upun ti^umped-up chnrLics. 
 
 The sale uf the ■■time" uf rei leii i pi iuuers was a fi-e(|iienl ucenri'ciicc, and .'ittracted thelarsre 
 plan tat iun-uwners fur miles aruund the w harves uf cities w here the sales usually uceiirred. 
 
 The redi'mptiuiier's lut was usually an unhappy uni — in fact, as I'^llis, in his " I>etters fruni 
 .\meriea." (|Uiite(l in ]\Ielick's "Stuiy uf ,\ii ( )ld I'^arm," plainly shuw^. .\s the "(ime" uf the 
 white slave was transiiait and that uf the ne^i-u ur red man permanent, the redemptiuners were 
 ground duwn iindei^ a t\'rann\' worse than that of Enypt. 
 
 These sla\es, lilack, white and red, frei|Uently ran away fi^oni their masters. Cilatiuus fruiii 
 the iiewspaiiers, where Trentunians lust their ■'men" and "wnmeii." are made su that the matter 
 may he seiai undia^ all its phases. 
 
 Th(i-e ran away frum William 'I'aid, uf Ti-cutun, \u\iiiiImi- ."itli, 1 7l''_', a iicLiru. I'ransh Manuel, 
 thus desci'ihed : ■■ ( )f a prett v tall Stature and speaks iiHlilTcient haii^lish. lie weai's a dark cu lured 
 liunic~|iuii ('uat. :in n/cnl ni'j .l.ieket, uld Leather lirccehes, Sliei'p riis-et stuckim^s. new Sliues and 
 an old llevcret Ilal. He preliaided fui-ni(rl\- tu he a k'l^ceman and had I'asses. ••■ ••■ ••'• The said 
 Xej.'ro has told >ince he has run away That he had found a hody of ( )i-i' fur his Master and that his 
 Master had ;;i\'eii him fi-cc." k'ni'ty shilliiitis reward ulTered in the ■■.\mcric,an Weikly .Mi'r<'Ury," 
 Xuvemhcr |:,tli, \11-1 
 
 .\ceurdim: tu the ■■Xiw ^'m^k (lazette." .Ianu:iry ISth, 1 7u^-, <irill'ee .lunes. servant of .Tosejili 
 lieed. of Trenton, ran aw.iy. •■ llee had on an old Canililct Cuat and hlue DulVels Cuat with hl;iek 
 Linini;' and 'I'rimmiiiL; .-uid l.cathia^ Hi-ccches '■'■'■ '■'■'■ '■'■'■ and an uld l'>ea\ei' Hat." 
 
 Fur .VuLMist. 1727, the ■■,\nierican W'eekK' Mei-cur\' " cuutains an ad\ertisement uf a ruii.iwav 
 servant man fi^uni .Mexandia^ Luckhart. uf Trentuii. His name was Thomas (IrilVe, of Wales, 
 ]irohali|y a niliiiiiiiinnir. and was .■ej-cd aliout forty years. 'I'lius is he deserihed : " He h.ath uii a 
 hruwn culuui^'d ('uat uf humespun I )rutr.i.''et, a liuinespun euurse Sliii^l a pair uf homespun striped 
 Hreeehes, hlue and white stripes, a ]iai]' of old hlaek Stix-kint;-. with old Shoes, a Hat Hat »V' of |uw 
 stature, a hlaek Jieard and JIair grey JIairs mi.xt amongst his Hair hut most .L^rey Hairs on the lop 
 of his H.a.l." 
 
 Kiehard Noland, of Trenton, 1 7o7, missed his Trisli servant, .\rlhur Holland, of many aliases 
 
 and '■ tlie J^)roLMie on his 'J'oiigue." ''Had on a new hlewish eoluur'd Hruggel Coat anil .Jacket 
 
 * '■'■'■ * and an old Carolina Hat." 'I'lie same paper states that on the thirlielh of .Xoveniher, 
 
 17-'>7, Mr. Warrell's Scotch servant, .\i'ehihald Kier, ran away at night. " He wears a Wi.trg. pitied 
 
 witli tliu Snmll-l'ox, talks ju'etty broail Scoteli and writes a tolerahle good hand." 
 
28 
 
 TlIK (MTV OF TKHXroX. 
 
 William Smiuiliii, ol' 'l'rriiti>ii. in tin- ■■.New ^'(l^k (la/,rttr," Nnvciiilici- I'ltli. IT-'lii, advi-rtiscs 
 for 'I'liailyiiiack l)(iiiayl, his si-rviiii;- man. 
 
 •lames .Macicbriilc. aucd almut lucnty-hvn y(^nrs, ran away durinji Anirnsf, M'.Vl, from Klicum 
 .\nilii-s(in. living' at Ti-cntown Ferry, lie is tlins frra]>hieally deserihed in a current i.ssiie of the 
 '"Weekly Mer<ui'y:"' ■•.\ tall Man has little nv no Heard. I'oekfretten. [[<< llaii- '■'• * * no 
 stoekin<.'s •■• '■'■ ''■'■ a l''elt li.at Coekt up \ery shar|i. Mue (li-ey Home spun Di-utruct Coat with 
 Brass iJnttons." Twenty shilliniis was the reward oll'eii-d for this caricature upon humanitv. 
 
 On the lii'st of .Inly, 17-!'i, ihci-e I'an away from the llopewi'll plantation of men-hant .loseph 
 liecd, of Ti'enton, one William Denim, a ~er\ant. arid hy trade a tailor. Three pounds rt'ward was 
 offered. He is deseriliecl as ■' lusty well niade weai's a ilark hrown Coat, sometimes a Krown Hol- 
 land l'"i-ock and Shirt llullleil in the llosoni. speaks iidod iMiiilish." — From the " I'ennsvlvania 
 (iazette," .1 uly, 1 7'.'>2. 
 
 [{oliei'l I'eirson, of .\i it t i I il: ha m. neai' Trentim, ail\'ei-|i<es in the " New ^'ork (iazette."' undci- 
 the date of ()(|(ilier ■'stli, 17-">-!, fo|- his rmi.iway iicliI'o. '■.I.aek." He was a "lusty. .~tout well set 
 fellow. '■'■'• '■'■■ ■'■'■ He hail mi when he went away a dark hrown straii;ht hodied Coat, with iSrass 
 huttons, a liiilit eolnui-ed ui-eat Coat two homespun Tow .shiiMs, two Pair of Drawers, a Pair of 
 Oranjic ('oloui-ed Stoekin<rs." 
 
 The ■• Pennsylvania Ca/.ette," on the eiijliteenth of January, 17-">S, notes the runaway, on tlic 
 (lav hefore Chi'istnias then last past, one John Bowls, servant of Josejih Decow, of Trenton. 
 Piowls was hy trade a shoemaker, and wore "unod Leathei' lireeehes, with ln-ass I'lUltons. a line 
 IJnnen Shirt, dark urey worsted Stockiuirs, half worn peeked toed Shoes, a white Witr. uood Hat, 
 an<l generally wears a Silk Handkerchief loosly ty'd ahout his Neck." 
 
 .\ communication to the " Pennsvlvauia (Iazette" sjieaks of two nei;'roes hcini;' imprisoned in 
 Trenton in l'\'hruary, 17-'>7— ">>i. Tlic^y were ahout to jiersuade another ne^ro to jioison his master, 
 anil told their ]irospc<live accomplice that mendii-rs of the Trent and Lamlicrt families and others 
 had liecn ■'remov'd hy Ihcii- Slaves in that M.imicr." Asa matter of fact, such was not the cast'. 
 The |ioison fotuid on one of the suspected nejirocs was arsenic and an unknow:n rout, 
 
 Ivirly in .Tune. 17-">>>. two ncL;rocs were executed in Burlintrton for poisoning:. In the saniecitv, 
 showini;' the clfcct of popular discourse upon such suhjects, a child of five hmii;- himself, savs the 
 '' Pennsylvania (Iazette, " .lune Sth-l-'ith. An md<nown man Inmi; himself on the thirty-lirst of 
 Mav, at (doiicester Ferry, and a hoy took his own life at the Chester, Penn.sylvania, workhouse, 
 alio\it the same time, 
 
 I'nizaheth Biles in 174'.) advertises the loss of her uclmm man, wholiad with him "a larsjce hrown 
 diii; with a short tail, mid erst a nils farminir in all its hr, inches, talks jfood l^ntrlish and is this eountrv 
 horn," Truly a remaikahlc doi: ! 
 
 In 1711, .lose|ih Decow, "of Trenton, at the l<'alls of the l)elaware." olTcrs £.'> and reasonahjc 
 chari!'cs for the I'eturn of Thomas Smith, a servant iiin'icr and taimei-. 
 
 .lames .lohnston, of Ti-eiitnii, is mentioned in a "lunawax'" advei-tiscmcut of March, 174L!-h'>, 
 Andrew Bead, of Trenton, is also mentioned Scptemhcr. 174o. as tln' owner of a "runaway."" 
 
 in Octoher, 1 74-'), Thomas Cadwalader, of Trenton, offers a reward for "a Xciii'o Man. named 
 Sam, a likclv |-"cllow, euticnl awa\' li\ an appicnlice Isaac Bandall, Thc\' aic supposed to lia\e 
 gfine with a Design to enter on P>oaril a Privateer, either at New York or Philadelphia," In 
 Noveniher of tliis year .\le.\ander r,oekhard, of Trentmi, advertises for liis mulatto slave "Jack."' 
 
 William Brown, I'ndci- SherilT of thecunnty of II mileidiui. advertises one .loliii Parra, a nm- 
 awa\'. If no claimant a]ipcared the jirisoner was to he sold " for defrayinj.' his Charires." 
 
 William Plaskett's servant woman, on a Septemher niidit in 1 747, ran away. She was "some- 
 what freckled * * * and slow of speech." Shcwoi'c " a eallieoe trown a hlack fur hat, shaLigcd 
 on the under side, with a patch on the crown and an ozeiilirius apron."" 
 
 In May, 171S, .lusepli iiecd's Irish woman ran away. She had a "down look,"" and wore "a 
 vard widehird eve chocolate colour and white stulT L:own, a lead coloured i|uiltcd petticoat and a 
 hrown homespun cloth cloak and a new-fashioned hlack hath jockey-honuet,"" 
 
 Thomas Tindall, in .\])ril, 1747. advertises for his neirro man Sam, wlmm he had pm-ehased 
 from Dr. Cadwalader. In May, 1747, .Vndiew Keed lost his "likely Ncuro Man named Isaac," 
 who eould play the liddle. 
 
THE CITY OF Ti;i:XT()N'. 
 
 20 
 
 On till' twciil y-liftli III' Sc|.tiiiil>('i-. IT^'ST, sci says tlic •' rmnsylvaiiia Oa/.cttc,"" the sia-\aiit man nf 
 r.ciijainin Sinilli, of 'riTiitun. I'aii away. lie was an Knulishnian nanicil Williani I )avics. aiivil 
 twiaity-tivr. --(if a swailliy ( 'iini|ilrNiiin ninrh I'mk limkrn and nci Hair," 
 
 From till- •■ New -Irrsiy ( lazcttc ■■ is cxtiarnd tlii' f. i|lu\\ in;; iiitiTcsl in^ ailvrrt iscinrnl ; 
 
 "Will lie Sol, I 
 "On Satniday tlic lirsl ol' .Innc next I \7X-2) at llir Inaisc nf .i.ijni ('a|ic at llir arms of France, 
 in Tivntiiii nine likily ihlmu men latily caiil nrcd liy ('a|ilain Adaiii Ihlcraml Iciiallv ( nuiliainicil 
 in tlir ronil of admil'alty. The \(aidu(' tn lif;;in at 1(1 ci'dork 
 
 '■ .lami> Ml ( '. iiiili 
 
 '-.Marshall" 
 
 l''i-i'm cuntcniiiiirafy snun-rs niir learns that llie e.ini-| had assemMed in llnrliii'jtdn on the 
 twenty-seecmd nl' May. ('a|)laiii llyli'i', wlm eummanded the ai'nied |iri\aleer ' ■ i;e\i'n--e. " had 
 (•a|ituri'd the nine iicLrrnes IVnm the I'.iiti-h entti r ■•.\liil." leiherl While, N.\\ Vnik \n IJermmla. 
 
 Sdmi-: Eai;!,'!' TiMCXTdX rxiirs'ri;ii:s. 
 
 Altli(ni,t;h Trentiin \vas in tlie nddst nl' a fruill'ul eonntry. the advantages nf the Assnnpiid^ 
 creek and small trihutary streams I'nr nulls nf varidus kinds, as well as sliallci|i and iMnhani liuat 
 navii;atiiin uimii the Delaware, at (niee ini|ii-essed tln' settlers. N'.n-inns attempts were made din-ini: 
 the cdlnnial |iei-i(>il tu estahlish mills, some' uf which liecami' tlu' liasis (if the |ii-e<ent niati'rial 
 advancenuait of the city. I'^mm 17:J"i tn 1 7">n this is vei-y a|p|>arent, as the snhjuineil excerpts 
 from ciint<'mpiii'ai'\' newspapers will show. 
 
 ( )ni' iif till' eai'liest e\-idenei's i if ma 11 nfact u I'i hl: ciitcrpi-isc in Tnaitun is tn he found in an 
 advertiseinent in the ".\iiierieaii WeekK' Menairv, " Si'|itemhei-, 17-il. Therein it is stah'd that Isaac 
 Harrow, an l'Jii;li>h smith, ha- sit up a planiiii; and liladi' mill to make these ^nods : l)rippiiiii- and 
 frvin.i;' jians ; i-lialiuL;' dishes; hroad .and f.alliiin' axes; carpentia-s' tools: coopers" tools; tanners", 
 curriers' and skinners' knixis ; ditihiiiL:. peel .md common shovi'ls ; garden s|iades ; coopers" axes; 
 sinoothing irons; cow hells; hark slia\es ; pot and meltiiii; ladles; fire-shovel pans; clotiiicrs', 
 pardcn. irlovers' and sheep shears; sc\'tlies ; mill, (a'oss-iail and hand saws; colTee roasters ; liav. 
 fodder and tohacco kiii\-es. Tlieic were siindr\- ollii r iinods not mentioned, likewise iron plates for 
 hell-niakinii. 
 
 (JeorLje Howell, lastniakir. of ('hestniit street. I'hiladelphia. or ll.arrow. at Trenton, could 
 sn)]plv cnstoniers "at a- reasonahle Kale- .is an\- that come trom I'.iKihi ml ." 
 
 William Moriis. .Jr., at his Trenloii store, oppo>ite .lolm .leiikins. .advertises in the ■■remisyl- 
 vania (iazette, " i;<iod rnni li\' the hoLislicad and salt hy the one himdreil luishels at I'hilach'lphia 
 
 price. 
 
 ()iithe fonrth of .\piil, 17lo. in ihe ' ' I'liinsy 1 vania ( la/ette, " the '■mansion of the liclict of 
 Isaac Harrow of Tnaiton with >liop. lorLii- .and ( 'nurriiii'iiris Jur irnrknii/ tin' lldiiniirr In/ l^'nrci aj ]\ alir, 
 prrfrrlnl," with a lar;.;'e liit of land joining .lohn Cox, Joliti .Mien, I'^lisha lionil, Joseph Decow and 
 frontiiit;' the i-i\(r road. William Morris, in ■I'renton. is mentioned as on<' of the execiitnrs. 
 
 .\t piihlic veiidin- on the ihird of Septemli(a', 1710, the •■l,-n„ riiill!,,;/ W'nrh, Smiths sho|i and 
 all the Tools Moulds foi- m.akiii'.^ l'"r\inL;-pan- 1 li-ippin;.:-p.aiis A-c " ' of Isaac Harrow, were olTcreil 
 fof sale. 
 
 In Xovcmhi'r, 174'). the dwellini;-. malt and hrewdioiise and '' I'tcnsils thennnto hclonifjni:," 
 with one-fourth of an acre on Kinir sti-cct, Trenton, were olTered for sale. Thomas Ilooton, of 
 Trenton I'erry, was the ag-cnt. The Williani .Mice lot of nine and one-half acres, oni' and onc-iialf 
 miles from town, was olVeicd for sah' hy .hiiie .Mice. 
 
 '■ TO III I.ICT 
 
 "Oil the FirsI fhn/ (if Xnrcinhir iic.rl, Tin; (irist .^^ills at Tirnlnii, with two small Tenements 
 
 a(lj()iniii<r now in the Tenure of Joseph Peace." Terms were given i>y .Messrs. I'eaee or Tlionia.s 
 
 Soher, nierchant, of I'hiladelphia. — From the " I'ciinsylvaiiia dazette," July '-'(Uii-.Vtlgust '-M, 
 
 1739. This was the Trent mill, huilt on the Assimpink creek site of ^[ahlon Stacy's original mill. 
 
50 
 
 11 IK ( rrv OF TRENTON. 
 
 l>cnj:iiiiin llilcs, in AiiL;ust. 17"il). utTrrs a Trcutnii taiiyard "wrll arcvistniiicd " willi ■•jiodd 
 liark house, iiiill-liDUsc, liark mill, licain Imusc, a (jood .-tiuic lurrviiiL: >lin]i and Icatlirr house, vatts 
 enouiih to tan SOU hides, hesides calf skins per year." .\ dwellinu- adjoininjr the tannery, the 
 residence lieinir situated on tile wc^st side of Ivinir street, near the ndddle of town, was also ofTere(l. 
 A irood uar<len. sui'i'ounded hy a new fence of cedar ]iosts and lioards, surrounded the |>io|)erty. 
 
 In 17.')(), William l'idL;-eon was the ai;ent for the sale of the ware nulls and i)lantation in a 
 fertile count rv on the Helaware i-i\-er. six miles ahove Trenton. " lioats carryint;- fifty or sixty 
 Casks may load at tin' Mill-Door for l'hil.idel|ihi:i." 
 
 Thomas Cadwaladei-, in the ■■ reunsylvania (iazette" of Aujrust iith, 1750, ofi'i^rs a nine- 
 
 lumdieil-acre tract a nule and a half north of Trenton, with water ami w 1 for "grist mill forire 
 
 or saw mill. * * * The tinilxi- is very lit foi- ship huildinu, or scantlinu' for houses " or c-ord 
 wood. Also till' William I )oUL;lass |ilantalion ;idjoininu' the Tuite place ''most i)leasantly situated 
 on the ri\ii- Delaware with the additional aiUantaiics of lishini;- fowlin.ii and a line ]irospect." .\lso 
 a coiiiei' Inick house on (^ueeu street ■■ in a \-ery puMick pai1 "" of 'I'renton. Thi> liou>e had three 
 li'ood rooms on the lowci- llooi', a lai'Lie entry, four gooil i-ooms on the upper lloor and ■■four lodi;inir 
 rooms plaiste|-ed in the upiiei'most stoiy," with cellai^, stone kitchen, stahles and jian.len. There 
 was likewise twcut\-li\e acres of pasturi' land on the iippei- end of (^uecii street. 
 
 l^Al;l.^' l"iiKsui"i'> 
 
 Tn <-olonial limes, as at pi'csent, the Dclawaie and its phenomen.'i of spi-int:' fi^cshcts were of 
 interest to the puhlic. Thus we lind in the ■■ l'ennsyl\-ania (la/.ette," under the caption of a news 
 
 item ilateil Mai^ch Itli. 17:10- 
 :>1 : " Fn>m Trenton we Icar 
 that the late l'"resli ill I >claware 
 raised the l!i\ci- iicai^ ■.^(t foot 
 pi-i'peiidiciilai'. " 
 
 \'ery liii;h water meant 
 i;reat daiiLier to the walls of 
 the mills on the .\ssunpink, 
 inasmuch as u]iiai them the 
 prosperity of the town was 
 hil'L;ilv dependent. Few, if 
 an\', prec.iutioiis were taken 
 in tho~e da\s teiidiui!' towai'd 
 till' piotcclioii of property. 
 
 1 II .\u.-ust, 1 7;!(i, the 
 •■Pennsylvania (ia/.ctte'" re- 
 coi'ds tlie appearance of a shark 
 ten feet loiiu near Hiu'liuiiton. 
 On .\hirch IDtli, 17.>!, the 
 ■■.New KuLdand Weekly .lour- 
 nal '" says : " The I'reshes have 
 done miii'li Damau'c at Tren- 
 towii, that il carried away the Dam of tln' Iron \\dik .V the Dam of the Orist .Mill, liridji^e iC Dyini;- 
 Iloiisi', with a larize Copper was cairicd down the Stream iV ahundance of other Damage." There 
 were also heavy freshets in the IJarilan, doiiiu great injury to property at New iJrmiswick. Inas- 
 much as it took aliout a month for -lei^scy news to reai-h New I'aigland, this Trenton freshet must 
 have occurred during the latter pait of {''ehruary. 
 
 In early Fehruary, 17;)(;-;!7, it is recorded in the " Weekly Mercury" tliat the Delaware river 
 ice yet remains, hut is " so rotten that several Men ami Horses have hroke through and narrowly 
 escaped drowning." In New Ih^unswick, ,t;2,l)l)() damage was done hy freshets in the li.iritan. 
 
 AfiSCNI'lNK CUKKK. 
 
THE CITY OK TRENTON. 
 
 31 
 
 SlUKT. Kill TS n\ TIM': T.irK (il' 'III !■; l'i:iilM.K. 
 
 That \vc may still clnscr iTacli tlic li r life of tlif |mu|)Ii' of 'I'l'cntdM iliirin-- tlir (■(ilunial 
 
 pcridd, siiiiii' vai'icil extracts arc made which ;:ivc ns the umxl nnd .^il in 11,, • lives of ciiir aiici'st,.|-s. 
 Thus the ••Host. Ill Weekly News Letter" in .laimary, 17;;l'. recdids an evidence (jf IVateriial alTcc- 
 ti<in occurriiiu' near Trcntdii : ■• W'c hear lYcim ( V(is-\\iek-s in \\'cst-.\e\\-.lerse\- that snine time a^o 
 tw.i I'.ruthcrs (|iiarreliiiu the (Hic hit nlY the nther's Kar. It is sii|i|i(.>cd fhevhad heiaitno free 
 with Li(|iiiir." 
 
 The ■■ I'eimsylvaiiia, Weekly (lazctte," .lanuaiy, 17-M-:;-_', imles the a|i|icarance uf siiiall-|Hi.\ 
 ill New .haxy. Many were iniHielilatcd hut inine ilieil. ■■ hnl lia\e had ami al |irescnt have the 
 I)istcm|icr vcr\' easy." 
 
 In cdliiiiial times the visit of thi' (lo\-ernor was an occasion loiiii to he reincmhia'i-d. (Inv-it 
 Iionor was dcjiii' His Ivxeellcney, the represcntativ c of (he l'aii;lish llinnii. The |iilurimaLre of 
 (lo\-criior Coshy from New ^'ol■k to Uurlinjiton is thus dcMrihed in the "New ^■ork (Ia/.i4te'' in 
 its letter from Tiviitoii, Ant:ust olst. IT.'ll : His Kxcellcniy and his wih' after ^'(jini: to I'eiih 
 Amhoy hy water — ] iresumahly from New \'ork — were " checrfiiih- entertained h\' ~c\-cra| ( lent Icmiai 
 at their Seats on the Uariton." Tin- distim;iiislieil | laity passed on to Kiiiii^hiirv. ■■hi-inL:' att(aidcd 
 liy the Chief .lustice and Shcrilfs of Midillisrx and Snnnrsii and were met ha.^ht niilo from this 
 place [Trenton] hy the Sh.i-ilfs of lliirliii;ilni, -.wxl I l/nilrrilun and a ui-cat Niimhca-of the principal 
 ( Maitli'inen and 1 iihahitanis of the Neiiihl" nanu: ( 'oiintics who exprcssM the ut most Satisfaction on 
 his I']xcellcncy's Intention of staying' sometinie anioiii; them." The (loxcrnor c\identl\' remained 
 
 ill Trenton until the t« cnty-fourth of Septcmher. for n] that da\' the '■(la/etle" record- the fact 
 
 that "our ( eiviaaioui- with hi-- Lady and family went down to I'.iirliii'iton. " This trip was 
 [irohahly made hy ri\-cl--harL;cs, as he was *' met at tin' Water-side hv the I linl Icnien of thi' ( 'orpora- 
 tioii who testified thi'ir rieasure in si'<in^ him, \\illiL:reat clcmoiislrations of .lo\-." .\t the house 
 of >ray<ir I'earse. of lliirliiiLiton. the Uccoidcr presented a lauilator\' and coiiLiratiilatorv address, 
 thaiikinii' His Ivxccllcncy for the honor eonfcrrcil in ercctin;_i lliirliii'jloii into a corpoj-ation. ( l.etters- 
 [latent, May 7tli, 17-'>'">. ) The (lovenioi- made a short reply, ti^tifyiiiu to thi esiieiii hi' had for 
 Burlintitoniaiis, after \\'liich "a very handsonie lailcrtaiimient ' was L:i\'cn, and His l''Ni-elleiicv 
 returiic(l to Trenton. He returned immediately to \c\\ ^'ork, icaehinij there at einlil o'clock on 
 Saturday, the tvveiity-ciLihth of Scptemlicr. 17."il. 
 
 In March, 1 7-"i7--'>>', the '■ I'lam.-vh aiiia, ( ia/.ette " rci'ords the sudden ilcalli of Thomas Free- 
 man, son-indaw of the late ( ioveriior ( 'o,-h\-. I Ic i> said to lia\i- iiiarrii'd .Miss Coshv in New \'ork, 
 17'")'!. It is hclie\ed he was hiiricd in (he I'drst I'reshyteriaii churchyard, Trenton. 
 
 W hilclield, the -Icatc.-t preacher of the colonial period, in the late fall of 17o'.l left New York 
 for (it'orf^ia. The " IJoston <iazette" stati'd that on his way over the .Jerseys " he is to ])reach at 
 Kli/.aheth Tow 11, iirimswick, M.aideiihcad [1 .aw ri'iice\ ille] and N'l'thaminc" ( Neshaminv ). the latter 
 hciii^: ill lliicks county, I'emisvKaiii.a. 
 
 Princeton CoIIcl'c, as is evinced hylhc following newspaper extracts, was much in need of 
 fuml.- at the commencement of hci' history: " l'>y ( )rder of the Corporation ■'^- '■^- ■'■■ at a late 
 Con\enlioll of the Trustees of t he Col le^c of .\'( (/ ,A;'.s( (/, " the Kevcrcnd l).i\id Cowellaud .\ii(1rew 
 Ivccd, of Tri'iiton, were anioii'^ the Liintlemen ■'desired to t.ikc in the .'>iip~criptions and receive 
 the Monies of all such piililick ^pirilcd Persons as shall lie willinii to pi-oniolc this worthy a 
 ])Uhlick I)esit;n," 
 
 Politics were then the suhject of conteiilion. Thi' ".\iiiei-icaii Wcikly Mo'cury"' notes the 
 election of miiiihei> (jf .\ssemhly from lliirliniiton county in ()ctolier, 17o^. All the southern 
 portion of 'i'i-ciiton was then in IJiirliiiLilon counl\'. .\ i-ontcnt ion haxim: arisen hetween the electors 
 of the upp( r ami lower pails of the county, the elect ion was ei)ndncted foi- three i la \ -, in a '■candid 
 and i)eaceahli' .Manma' * '-'^ '■'■'■ nor was then' an\' reapinij: of Characters, or usiiiu' of CaiK's in a 
 Hostile Manner on oim' another." 
 
 .\s a commentary upon the liealtlifiiliicss of Ticnli^n and vicinity, the " New ICnirland Weekly 
 Journal," .July oOth, 17oo, speaks of one Daniel Kohius, of IIuntei-<lon comity, as "an instance of 
 
 tlic ll(,'altli, Constitution and {''ruitfulness of our .North . I /»'■('/'■" liorii ] pic." itohiiis was tlieii 
 
 aged ahiMit si.xty-six, and he lately Inivelud forty miles a day "rather than ride an easy Horse." 
 
32 
 
 I' I IK iVVY ol' ■ntKX'I'OX. 
 
 ( )t' liis tliirtccii cliildi'cii. clcvi'ii urrr iiiarrii-il. iiihI in i'i,L;litcrii Vfnrs tlii'si' li;iil iiii-n-ascd tn sixtv-two 
 iiraiiili-liiMriii. Xoiiruf thrsc had as yet dinl, all liriiii;- in '■llcallli |i(i'l'rct Senses and l.iinlis. 
 * '■■'■ '■'■■ Thus it a|)|icars that said Dmiiil Kciliins hath successfully kept and fullllled that (Ircat 
 and necessarv I'nnunainhnent nf Miiltijilij ha Frnitjul mul h'ciihdlsli llir Knrtli : In this Wilderness 
 C'ounti-y." 
 
 The '"(luack" early hcLian his n<'farii)Us oiieratioiis in and near Trentmi. The "AVeekly 
 Mcreui'y," in ()ct(iliei', l7-!"i, wai'ns its I'eaders IVoni its Princeton advices that a t-ertain ]icrs(in (nut 
 nanicil), wlm livc's neai' ^■ardley's l''<a-ry, "has \-ery lately Iniiied ()ceulist." An i'X|ieriinent U]iiMi 
 Mr. I'.enjaniiii l;aiidnl|ih caiise(l him tn liecdini' "iinite lUind and in threat Pain." The puhlie is 
 warncil that tlieyshuuM " lait enipldy thuse wlm will \i\\\ mit hoth their Eves tn niakt' them see 
 cleai'ly."' 
 
 The niianhers nl' the Society ol' l'"|-ienils at Trenton who attended ^'eal■|y .Mec'tiiiLC were inter- 
 est ei I in the I'ollowinL; ainionncement : "This is to '/wf uotici' to such as come to the Vearlv Meetini: 
 at ilurlinutoii. That DukhI .lurixnn i'"uller of llri-^lnl. hath a choice t;ood Pasture of Pi aci'cs, well 
 fenced, well watert'd and vei'y ^ood (irass ju<t at the Town's I'lnd. where lloi'ses may he put at a 
 Hcasonahle Rate."' — '" Pianisylvania (lazettc," .ViiLiust •_".lth-Septemhei- ."ith. 17-'!4. 
 
 I.oltiaies wci'c the liuancial stanilhv of the timev. In i-elii.^ions life we linil l^lijah Pond, in 
 .\pril, 171'"^, was the 'i'renton auciit I'm- a lotlci')' to liuild a hriek steeple and to l>uy a new hell foi- 
 Saint Mary's Church. P>urlin;;ton. 
 
 In secular life it iswurthy of mention. anioUL; ollni' pi-opei'ties, John P. 1. of Philadelphia, 
 
 had lots in 'I'renton which were t i he the pri/.es in a lottery, for which tickets wrvr .'Ills, c'ach. .lohn 
 .lenkins was the Ti-enton aj^eiit and "Daniel P>eller<;-eau I'ost Itidcr" rcpi-c~eMted the lottery in 
 New \nvk. 
 
 In these earl V times soia'ow cami' to the pi'ople as it doc< to-day. Two items are indices of 
 casualties, and nad as if written \c"-tcida\'. 
 
 In an e.xti'act finm a Ti-enton letter, dateil .\uL;iHt Ilth. I 7oL', the ".Vmcrican Wi'ckly .Mercury" 
 speaks of a noontide "sudden Clap of Thundei'" whiih "stiaick on the House of KlKiiczcr /'r<iiif,'' 
 near Trenton. Prout and one William Pearson were sitlinu at the fi'ont door with Prout's only son, 
 ahout nine years old. The hoy was killed, his hair hurncil close and hi- clothinL; torn, hut "no 
 part of his llody touched.'' The po-|s ami raftiis of the house wci'c shattered. .M r-. I'rout ami hei' 
 vouuLiest dauiihter, with Pc:irson. wci'eall much injured. I'lout was not Inn1. 
 
 ( )n the iJ 1st of .1 une, 17 lo, two lads, llenjamin and Se\-ci-ns .Mhia'tis, " ij;oin<: in a Camn' to llsli 
 near the I'alls, the Canoe o\-erset hy running- at;ainst a l,o>;-," Sc\-crns escaped. .\fter sc\i'ral 
 diiys' search Penjamin's lio<ly was found near I!urliuj;ton, 
 
 Tin: Tkiv.nto.n Tow .\ Poor. 
 
 In the ollice of the City ('lerk is a. (plaint, time-staiiicd manusia-ipt folio which deals with 
 Trenton when it was a colonial villa;;'e marked h\' an air of indolent i-eposc. which was awakened 
 onlv hv the rattle of the occasional mail or the mu-leriu'i of troops on training; day. 
 
 I'ndia' date of .March 1 Ith, l7oo, there is the ipiaintly- written introductory record of a " Towns 
 nieetint:- of the Inhahitants of the Township of Trenton"' which was held at the Court House, 
 and wdiere town ollicei's were elected. Ill I 7'iii wc find I lirce mads — Miildle, Rodjrers and Itiver — 
 need attention, and in Deccanher of that year (:in w.is ordered hy the Justices and Magistrates to he 
 assessed for the use of the poor. 
 
 It seems the oM liriduf over t he .\><sunpiiik — prohahly the same one over which \\'asliinL;ton 
 rode in triumphal passaLCe to New ^'la-k — :::ive the Justices, Freeholders, Surveyors and Overseers of 
 the Roads some trouhle in June, 17'i7. ' )n the twenty-si'veuth of that month it was afrreed that 
 Ihirc should he "a stone pillar huilt in the line hetweiai Trenton and N'ottiuLiham for the suppoi-t 
 of the long sleepers of ye hridgc' called Trenton hridge.'' So the hridge was repaired. After His 
 Majesty's Justices and the Overseers and all the other dignitaries and local "ex])erts" ])ronounced 
 the work correct, it was found in 17o'.l that a mistake had hc^cai made, and there was much trouhle 
 in haviui;- the same rectilied. 
 
THE (;:ITV OF TRENTON. 
 
 33 
 
 Nrxt yrar — ITdO — the sum of CfiO was i-aiscd f<ir tlir puur, which ITd.lsaw increased to £S(). 
 In the lucantiiiu' thci-c arc alhisiinis tn 1hc I'ciiiiydiwn i I'diniiiiitum. ihi' .Nhiiilciihcad (T.awrcncc- 
 ville) roads and the Vnad hi Wilhaiii l!eed"s. 
 
 Animals went astray and eanic to the ncar-hy plaiilatiuns, as the i-ccurds of the Clerk will show, 
 not to mention tiie scttiui: down in tnll of '■ cai'-maii<s " of |iromiiien1 residents. Tiiese '•ear- 
 marks" were slots, nitches, circles and other de\ices cut in the e.irs of cows. s1h'<'|] and ho<;s and 
 wcri^ the colonial |ii-ototy|)es ipf the later ]ilan of hi-andini;' animals n|Min their haunches. 
 
 These were the il.iys of a| i| irent iccshi | ,s, and the following e.\tract, under date of ^lareli ITlil 
 shows how the lads fared ; '■ .Mary .Moor .Vufeed to take .hunes Nc'lsou foi- tie' Insiiinjr vear and lind 
 him l.odiiiii^ and Oyatat li\c Shillings a Week." 
 
 The suhject of tile poor was always an unsoKcd factoi-, not oid\- in lolonial .New Jersev, hut in 
 fact ill all till' de|iendencies from .Massacluisctls Ha)' to ( rcor^i.i. .VII kinds of makeshift le<,nslation 
 rcLiardiiii;' the poor were in vojrue. In West .lersey it seems to have hecn ,a L;ame of sliiftin'.f tlie 
 hurdcn. and no sooner were poor persons '■settlcij" in one township than attempts were maile to 
 throw them upon a neiuhhorinLr township. In .March. 177-1, l)aniil Cl.irk. Charles .V.xford, .Jr., 
 and Stacy i'otts jiroposcil to take chai'Li'c of Trenton's pooi- fm- one year. These ;i-entlemin. for the 
 simi of ,£lo(). ciintracteil to lind these poor people all neci's-aries except " I'hisick and I )oetorinf.'. " 
 They also a.u'rccd to hury th.' ijcad. hut stipnhitcd that the saiil Clark, .Vxford, .li-., and Potts should 
 hear no exp<.'nse of lawsuits rc^ardinn settlement. 
 
 The latmors of war liml no place in the records, .and vei-y stramic to sav thi' onlv allitsioii to 
 the llcvolution and tin' ti-oiiMous time~ in Ticntoii is found in .\hircli. 177i'i, soon after tln' outhrcak 
 of the 8trn,tr,ule. Thus it ri'ails : "This heiiiu the time directed hy the l'ro\iiicial C<injj;ress for 
 Cliusiiiir a Conimittee of ()hservation and ( 'oi-respondence, when the follow iiiM- Persons were 
 appointi'il ; Doc'tor Isaac .Smith, SaniT Tucker, .\l>i'm Hunt, .lolm ,\liolt, Hcnj. Clark, Dan'l 
 Howell. P. I)iekins<in, I'an'l Siiidiler, .\lex. Cliamhers. Uenj. ^■ard, |)a\id Pinkeiton. an\- li\-e of 
 which to he a <jiioi-em to transaett Pusiness." 
 
 Indeed, ilurinii' the \-ears from 177li to 17^4. iicarh' all the records relate to the ] r and sums 
 
 raised for their sup]iort. 
 
 In 17>i4, we lind Huntley's run hridiic cost CP_' ISs. 7d. 
 
 In 17'.n the loads uinler the town supei'\ i~ion Ii.kI L;reatl\' iii(a'ea<ed in niimlnr. Tlie\- were as 
 follows, with these ( )versiM'rs : '■Town Spot, .Joseph Mcl'iilh ; I'cmiiiiLiton road. Ilichanl Palmer; 
 Scots road, ('apt. Israel ('orle; lower p.art of l;i\(a- load, Uaiiicl Mei>hon ; upper part of Piver 
 road, {'.enjamin .lones ; Slialiaconk road. Isaac llowell." 
 
 Till' leurislative incorpor.ation of Trenton, in 17'.*-!, hrinii.- the volume to .i close. 
 
 .V final entry, iiiidia' d.ali' of .liiiie. 17'-M, is |)aiiiculaily apropos, and is the lirst allusion to thai 
 ri\iilet of local eelclifity — " Petty's nin." In those days that stream rose in the lowlands hack of 
 till' town ; its jnirc, limpid water caiiLiliI the earlv ravs of a iiiorninL: sun and rellectcd the noddiiii.' 
 daisii's upon eri'cii hanks. \\ illows di'oopcd their attiaiuati'd linihs in thecryslal hrook, .and dartinj:' 
 minnow s or yet lariiia- fish soii^^ht fi'edini:-i;roimds near the Delaware. .\nd marvel of marvels, the 
 liiiest linen of Trenton's old-time aristoc racy was washed in this pretty stream ! Put this was a 
 huiith-ed years a;j;o, and th<' least we say ahoiit the chaniics of a century the hctt<a-. M any rate, 
 " Pettitt'.s Run hridjre" was in iicccl of repair, and the structure was ordered rehiiilt at a cost of 
 £'■'>(). ^lessrs. .lolm I'i,i;i;s, Daniel .Mirshon and .losepli McCidly. all local ci'lehritics, made an 
 exeellent hit of wurk thereof, and it is said their lahors outlasted the passiu}.' of many, many years. 
 
CHAPTER IV. 
 
 SOMK DlSTlNlinsilKI) TItKXToXlAX.S OF ('OLo.XlAI^ TI.MK8. 
 
 M.MII.DN Si'ACV 'I'lll'. 'rui'.NIS W'll.I.lA.M 'I'kK.NT, Till': I'nl'NDKK W I I.I.I A M Tkic.vi', Jk. ; Aniii;e\v 
 
 '■'ruK.NT'" II.smii.hpn ; Au( nii'..\i.ii IIu\ii:, thic I'(ii:r ; 'I'iki.ma-^ Cahw.m.adeh, the Fikht 
 BriiCESs, .\.\ii Ills F.\Mii.v ; Maiimlx KiicKinMin; ; Sii; .Idiix Si.\( i,.\ii{. 
 
 ^< F Till'' early scttlrrs di' West .Xrw Jctsi-v. lumi' .^tniuls in ninrc strikinii' litrlit tli:ui 
 ilocs Malilim Stary, i>f Ilawswdrtli. in the (■(ninty of Yurk, in Old Kudaml. Tn 
 liini iinist 1)0 a'ivcn tlicrrnlit t'nr tlic pi'actical scttlinu' nf the northern ]iorti<iM of tlii' 
 ^'u^ksllin■ Xtli, whii'li (■.xtcmlcil, Ky virtin'of tlic jiurdiase of li'i77. from tlic l!an- 
 cocas to the .\ssanjiink. Mahloii Stacy reachcil America in the '• Shield," frt)ni 
 AKy Hull, l)anie] Towes. master, wliicli, in Decemher, 1()7>!, landed lier ])asson<rers at 
 llurlimiton. With .Mnhlon St;iey were his wife, childi'cn and men and women ser- 
 /^ vants. That he at (Jiice came to the site of Trenton is shown l)y the fact tliat 1k' h(\<;an 
 the erection of liis ^ri-^t mill in l(i7it. and in 1679-SO, Jas])er Danker and Peter 
 Sliivtcr. iMitch l.aliai-ilists. speak in their journal of Mahlon Stacy's house on the 
 site of Trenton. I le was the re|)resentative man in the vicinity of " Yc ff'aJlcs." Mahlon Stacy was 
 inlluential in the Society of Frii'iids. of which hody he was a faithful memlier. His lariie ]ilanta- 
 tion interests and his wealth madi' him lank e:i-ily amouL:' the half >core of men \vho frame(l the 
 destinies of llurlintiton county hetwcen l(i7() and 171o. In the jiolitical life of the tinu', he held, 
 from one year to another, nearly I'Vi-ry olliec of |irolit and ti'ust in the Province. ITe a|i])ears as 
 Conmiissioner in 1 li'^l-^'J. and a- a niemher of .\ssemlily in l*iS-J, I(i,s;5, ](>S4 and KiS."). He was 
 also a meniher of Council in KiS-i and Ki.s;;. in Kis;;^ 1(;S4, ]i;s.") he was an Indian Taiid (.'omnus- 
 sioner, an<l in KiS,", was selected to write to the nieinhers of the Society of Friends, in London, 
 (h'scrihine the condition of the new scttli-nicnt. .\s a .lustice. he sat in the 1st Xth in KIS."), and 
 continuously remained un tin' IhirliiiLiton heucli as His .Majesty's .lustice from May, ICil)."). to 
 May, 17(11.' 
 
 In lli'.)7, Mahlon Stacy, who was also at that time a memlier of the 1 louse, siimed, as a (Quaker 
 memher, to U]ihol<l the interests of the Kinfi'. 
 
 P>y 1711, when William iMuley. the surveyor, laid out the meets and hounds of his land, 
 Mahlon Stacy possessed Ml(lac|-e-^ at ••The Falls." P>,-isse"s " ISook of .s^urveys " shows his ]p|anta- 
 tion liounde(l hy the lands of .\ndrew Heath. Thomas Lamhi'rt, which family pive its name to 
 Lamhertville, Nathaniel Pettit, who nam<d I'etty's run. and liuth Peak. The P>eak land lay ujion 
 tlu.' south, the Heath .and l.amhcrt land u|mii the noi-th. as is shown hy the map. 
 
 The Yard interests in Trenton date fi^om the purchases of William, Sr.. William, Jr., anil 
 Joseph Yard, who, in 1712, houuht .Sta<-y's land on I'^ront street. l>etween Proad and Warren. 
 
 -Mthouiili the association of .Mahlon Stai'V with Trenton practically is cxtinLHiishcd hy the sale 
 of his lanil to William Trent, it is jvertinent tliat as late as 17^_'ii exclusive ferry privilcjics on the 
 Helaware, two miles ahove and helow the ••Falls." were uivcn to James, a son of Mahlon Stacy. 
 'J'his led to the ('alh<iun street ferry, aliamloned ah.iut lifty years since upon the erection of tlie old 
 wooden bridge, and the lower ft'rry, which lu'came uselcs^s on the erection of \.\u: hridgi' in 1S04. 
 
TlIK ("ITV OF TRKAToX. 35 
 
 I'x'fiirc 171)0, one limls tliiit <>( tlii> f;iiiiily were Mnlilnii Stacy, -Ir., llcni-v Stacv ami Itoliert 
 Stacv, all iiliicTlidliliM's ami nun nf i->latc. 
 
 William Trent, I'nr \\liijni tlic city (if 'rrcntmi was nanicil, was ul' an am-icn! Scotch f.-uiiijv. 
 Kniinratiiiii- fnini Invci-ncss, ymuii^'in life, with his lir.ithci- .lames, hcscttleil in l'liilai|el|iliia aliuut, 
 ]ttS-2. Here he identilicil himself in husiness with the (^iiakirs. As a man of intclliiicncc, imiiistry, 
 thrift and integrity he sddii liecanic a huyc wluilcsale ami retail mei-ehai;t. hiani: a shi|i(iwncr in 
 jiartnershiii with William I'cnn ami his iiartnei', Jami's l.d^aii. AlthuhLih n(pt a lawvei-, William 
 Ti'cnt, fmni 170:; to I7l!1, continneil a nicmhi'r of the l'cnns\l\:niia i'ru\incial Cduncil. In 17UG 
 he was line of the |icrsiins sclecti'il in systematize the cnuils, ami was lalei- une nf the tive Sii|iremc 
 ("iiurt Justices. This is all tin' mni-e rcniark.ahle in tliat he was a Clnn-ch uf ICni.'laml man. whilst 
 the government uf Pennsylvania was in the I'ontrnl uf the Sneietv uf l'"rieiids. In 1710. 17l-"i, 171'.i 
 lie was a memhcr (if .\sscnilily and in 1717-1^ was Siicakei- uf the lldusc. 
 
 In I'liiladclphia, as in Ti-entun, William Ti'cnt was a lame land(i\vner. Ilis residence in th.at 
 city was tile famdus "Slate Rddf ihiusc," mi Seeinid sti-ect, which hml lieeii William I'cmrs 
 maiisiiHi — the must eleL:!iiif in the city. It was Knilt (if hriek, surrdmided li\- lare and hcautifnl 
 plants and Ihiwers, and a lawn cxtcndini:: tn the Delaware river. William I'l nn. .Ir., an extr.a vai.'ant 
 yiiuni; man, sdld William Trent the " maiisc uf Williamstadl," |iartiall\- the siti' uf the eitv of 
 Ncirristdwn. This prupertv cdntaincd 7,000 acres. 
 
 Beside thes(3 Pennsylvania purchases. William Trent, in .Vuiiiwt. 1711, purchased SOI) acn.'s of 
 land of MahldU Stacy. In 171S the fdiimler df the cily lidiiLrht L'OO aia-c- of land uf Samuel 
 Atkinson and Riitli, his wife, .and 'JS a(a'es of Willi.im P>ur^c, of Philadelphia, Liiviiii;- him pdssessidu 
 in fee of most of the land iidW emln-aecd in the coiiLresti'il pditidii df 'IVeiildn. In 17'_'1 William 
 Trent lieeamo pennaiiently estahlishe<l in Ti-entun and htiilt " lUdomsliury Court," imw "Wood- 
 lawn"' — the residence of Edward IF. Stokes. I<]s(piire. This was a >paciou^ and elei:ant hoii~e. in 
 1 7l!0 -Tustice Trent granteil land to the count v of iliinterdoii for a ( 'mirt IJoiHi' and jail, which laiKl 
 w.is eonveved to the Trentdii I'.ankinu' ('diiipanx' in ISl I and is miw ihciI hv them. In 17:^1 
 M'illiani Trent lieeamc Cdldiicl uf the lluntia'ddU ('diuitv iicLdmciit. and in 17-l'l proided nvcr the 
 New Jer.sey Assemhlv as its S] leaker. The hdiKir df licing t'liief .lustiec of N'ew .lersey was soon 
 conferred upon him. Imt he did iidt IdiiL;' Imld the dtlice, .is he smldiaily died mi ( 'hi-i'^tiii.as day, 
 1724. lie was hurled in the Friends' hit in the did ]idrtidn uf liivia'vicw ( 'einetery. That he was 
 much lamented is jirnvcil hy a letter fi-dui (lovernor liurnct to the Lords of Trade, who speaks of 
 A\'illiam Trent as heinu " uni\-crs,illy IicIovimI." .lustiec Trent was an inlliuaitial m.in in Christ 
 Church, in Philadeljihia, and the Pev. .1. Talhot, missioii.ii-y rector of S.aiiit .Mary"s, P>urlinj.'ton 
 city, writes td the Bishop uf London that .Mr. Trent had aided the house of the Society for the 
 Pro)iagation of the (lospiel in Foreign Parts. An epistle testifying to his worth and esteem was 
 printed in a Tjondon Catechism, 171'.l. 
 
 Although the sulgect of research, genealogists dill'er concerning the names of William Trent's 
 wives. They are mentioned as Miss ('o.\e, of .\ew .lia-sey ; Miss Burge, of Philadelphi.a, and ^[iss 
 Coddington, of Rhode Lslaiid. 
 
 William Trent, Jr., son of the foiimlcr. was horn and educated in Phil.idelphia. RraiuTiing 
 out from [mrely local trallie, he heeame a fur-tra,dcr u|ion a truly interstate scale, and enjoyed the 
 eonlidence of the Indian trihes. He spoke with ahility a uumlier of the dialects of the .Mgonkin 
 tongues. In ccinscipieuce of this, his services were in constant demand in treaty-making. He 
 was a Captain of a Pennsylvania company in k'ing (leorgc's wars, and for his services to the 
 State, in various capacities, received a grant of .'!. 100,000 acres of land. This led him to Knglaiid, 
 where King(!eorge ill. refused to cdiifnin the action of the .\iiiericaii .aiithorit ies. in the mi'an- 
 tinie, Captain Trent's family remaincil in Trenton, in I77.'), William Trent. .Ir., returned to 
 America, residing in l/measter, where he was Judge of the (Niurt of Common Pleas. He died in 
 I'hiladelphia in 17S7. 
 
 In 'I'renton and vicinity tlie name of Trent is ahsolutely extinct, fn fact, the last living 
 resident representative of Justice Trent is Miss .\nn:i Rosscll, of tlie old liurliugton eoimty family. 
 81ie is his f^reat-great-gramldauLditer. and to In r acknowledgment must lie made f,ir the facts 
 of this article. 
 
 The only attempt- which have heen made in the city to commemorale the "l'"duniicr" is in 
 the naming of a Cha|itcr df the Daughters of the .\merican Itevolution in hi> honor. The namt; 
 

 THE CITY OF TUKNToN. 
 
 "Trent" lias also liccdiiu' faiimus 11)11111 tin- lilc iiiaclc liy imc (if the lari.'cst works of its cliaractcr 
 in the United States. 
 
 (ieneral .lolm Mernlilli IJead, tli<' clistiiiuuishcil histurian, has eiiinniunic-ated to Tri'iitimians a 
 straiiLTe story riineeniini.' Amlrew Hamilton, Imrn in Seotland, l(j7(J ; died in l'iiiladel]iiiia, 1741. 
 It will lie reinemlirred that .\iidre\v Hamilton was Attorney-( Ieneral of Pt'unsylvania in 1717 : was 
 State Comieilor ill 17'-!n; one of tlie |inrelia-ers of lii(li')Hiiileiice Si|iiai-e ill l'liiiadel|iiiia on w hieli 
 to erect a ■"suitalije luiildinii "' as a iejiislative hail, and crowned his career by the defense of IJic 
 (MJitor, John I'eter Zeiiii-er. in 17:^'). in wliicli he set up the then novel doctrine, "the tnitli of 
 the facts in an aiieL'ed liliel could he set up as a defense; the jury thus lieconiini: jud;ies of 
 l\\r law and facts."" 
 
 (iouverneur Morris calls Hamilton "the ilay star nf the American Revolution." 
 
 li:niiilloii seems to have kept secret his real name and parentage — for what reason is not 
 known — and in so doinu' assumed the name of Trent. He later hecanie known liy the name of 
 Hamilton. In 17'"i'.l. lu' addressed the Pennsylvania .Vssciiihly, sayinir that the love of liherty 
 alone ki'pl him in i'cmi>yl\ania to the manifest iiijur\dr his fiirtnne, so the proiimption may 
 he that •• '{"rent ""-Hamilton had linancial interests in Scotland which reniliTcd it unwise foi- liini to 
 full\- disclose his identity. 
 
 It is to he Lircatly rcuri'tti'd that no ciiduriiiL:- nionimiciit has heen erected to keep alive in the 
 minds of Trcntoiiians the name of William Trent. A man so worthy, throtigh his intellectual 
 attainments, and liy virtue <if his Christian life, should not thus lie further neglected, and I'veii 
 dishonor<Ml. 
 
 .\rcliiliald Home, on January 4th, 1742, offers 40s. reward for the return of his servant man, 
 William Simsoii. Thus appears l)efor(> us one of the few hright stars of the coloni;d litrnit! in West 
 •lerscy. The iiidcfatigahle Sccri'tarv of the New -Icrscy Historical Society. William Nelson, l'>i|uire, 
 diseovereil, among the niaiiuscrijit volumes of a London hookseller, one which hore the title, 
 "Poems on Several Occasions l!y .Vrchihald Hoiiu^ Esi[r late Secretary and One of His Majesties 
 Council for the pro\iiicc of New .lcrsc\' Xorth .Vmerica." 
 
 Prolialily. like I'.ipc. physical disaliilities kept him in retirement, and his literary aspirations 
 were thus contiiied lo a limited circh'. Coming to .\nierica aliout 17->:), Home liecame Secretarv of 
 the Coloii\- and of ('ouiicil " sometime hctweeii .June 2-'> 17-"i^aiid March li-'l 17.">'-'." As a meiiilier 
 of His Majesty's Council. Home was commissioneil Ma\' I'Mth. 1741. allhough "not I'Xpectiiig or 
 desiring"' such elevation. 
 
 He was one of the eai'liest iiienihers of the cel(4irated .\meriean Philosophical Society of Phila- 
 delphia. Mr. Hoiiu: died in Trenton in the latter pari of March, 1744, and was hnried lieneath the 
 aisle of the l'"irsl Preshyterian Church in this city. His social position is indicated in that Ill's 
 executors \vei-e PoliiTt Hunter .Morris, Thomas Cadwalailei-, and his hrotlier. .lames Ihime. of 
 Charleston, S. C. 
 
 The writings of this early citi/eii of Ti-enl'Ui display marked versatility, although liis poems 
 are usually in the stilted rhyming couplet of the time. He translated the Latin and I'^reiich poets, 
 wrote a prologue, and verses to many ladies. His " Llegy, On the much lamented Pealh of ( Icorgo 
 Fra/.er of Klizaheth Town" in Sc<itcli dialect, is one of his happiest efforts. Thus : 
 
 "Jersey ! lament in hriny tears 
 ^'our Dawty's gane to his Forhears 
 Wae worth him I Death lia> clos'd the Sheers 
 
 .\iid clip"d his Thri'ad, 
 JusI in the Prime of a' his ^'cars 
 ( leorgc Fra/.er's dead."' 
 
 On the twenty-second of Xovemher, ]7','M. in the " Pennsylvania (lazette."" Thomas Cadwalader 
 and l'"lizalietli ISiles olTer for sale certain properties, among which ai'c " 1 '_*()() .\(a-es in the ('(umty 
 of Hunterdon an<l Township of Amwt41" and "One Kith Part of the iMirge at Trciitoii." Thomas 
 Cadwalader herein mentioned was a son of John, in the line of a W(4sh family of roval origin. 
 John Cadwalader came to Philadelphia in ICi'.l'.l. where, in 1702, he married .Martha, daughter of 
 Dr. Ivlward Jones and .Mary Wynne Jones, daughter of Hr. Thomas M'ymie. Their son, Thomas 
 
THE CITY OF '11;]':XT(>X. 
 
 37 
 
 Ca<l\valailiT, iiilici-itcil tlir |ii(>|V.-si.iiial ainliitidiis (if his nialrnial line, and after IpciiiLr rduc-atcil in 
 the Friends' Academy, in l'hiladel|ihia. stmhiij medicine arid sm-L'erv in l.onddn. lieturninir In 
 America, lie smm ^ave up a lar^e |iractice in i'liiladelphia, reiiMiveil (d Ti'iaiton, and, in ITI'i, \vh<'n 
 'I'l-cntdn was inciii|i(. rated, was elected its Chief i'.uriicss (Ma\iii-). In IT'iOhe pive .C-")0() to found 
 a |iul>lic lilirary in 'rrcntnii, and was one nf the fuunilcrs nf the I'ennsyKania Ifosiiital, from which 
 iirijiinati'd the Medical I tepailiiient "f the rni\-eisily of rcnnsylvauia. .\s a larL'e landuwiiei- near 
 Trenton, he remained in the city of liis adoption and die(l in his se\ cut v-third ve.ar. 177'-l. 
 
 Thomas Cadwaladei-'s wife was Hannah Lamlu-it, daughter of 'idiomas l.amhci-t. .)i-., of 
 Trenton, for which family Lamhcitx illc ( formci'lv ('orvcH's l-'ci'i'v ) is named. The issue of John 
 
 '\ /4^i ' {/wOa^cU^^^ 
 
 Cadwalader and Ifannah l.aniliert Cadwalader Were: Martha, who married r.rii,'adier-( leiieral .lolm 
 Dagwortliy, of Trenton : l.amhert : .lolm ; Mary and Kehecca, lirst ami scc<ind wives of (h-neral 
 Philemon Dickinson; l':ii/alieth. died a spinster, and .Margaret, wifc> of r.ri;:a<licr-( lencral Samuel 
 Jfercilith. 
 
 Mahlon k'irkliriile, livinrf in I'eimsylvania ahout two miles aliove the lui\\.<-Vvini^ in the 
 "American WCkly >reretiry," first week in .March, l7o>!-".'.l, olTers a NottinLcham plantation of -|.')0 
 aere.s for sale. The -'place" was fmir miles from Trenton. In the note hy Mr. Nelson, Mahlon 
 Kirkhride, which family name frc<iuently was and even yet is pronounced Cnhriijlil, is nientioneil as 
 the son of Joseph Kirkhride. of Bonlentown, and liis seeund wife, Sarah Sta.'y. SIh^ was the 
 daughter of Mahlon Staey, and was married in 17()-'. Joseph, who was the ori;.dnal immitrranl, 
 
38 
 
 Till-: CITY OF TltKNToX. 
 
 (•;iiiie from Parisli Kirkliriilc. near Carlisle, Ndrtli lMi<;laii(l, in M'<^^. As an inilucntial citizen of 
 M'est Jersey, .Tose})ii, in 171'.), was one of the New Jersey-Xew ^'oik iioundary Coniiuission. He 
 ilierl in 1 7.">7. 
 
 Sir Joini Sinclair's mansion, at the I'alls of thi' Delaware, ahont a mile above Trenton, was "a 
 ]>leasanl rui'al retirement.'' Sir John was a l>ai-onet of Nova Scotia. Of him the Ilev. I'r. .lohn 
 Hall has the followin- note : 
 
 ■'Tlu're was a Sii- .John St. Clair in Jtr.uliloek's army, who arrived in January, IToo; was 
 Lieutenant-Colonel of the 'J'wenty-seeonil I!eL;iment and I)e|)Uty (iuartennaster-Oeneral for all the 
 forces in .\meriea. In 17<iL' he was made a full Colonel. ( )n the list of the woumled at the defeat, 
 Julv '.Ith, 17")-'>, he is ]iut down as "Sir .lohn Sinclair, Baronet. Hep. (j. .M. (ien.' ( W'inthrop 
 Sartient's Ilistorv of Hraddoek's I''.\])edition : Pennsylvania Historical Society, pp. 1M(). 14-'!. '2X'>.) 
 '[']]!■ di-ath of • lion. Col. Sii- .lohn SI. Cl.-iir. liar't.' is aunonn<-cd in the iiewspapi'i's of the day as 
 havini.' taken place at lOli/alictlitown. I )ecciiihcr. 17l'i7. 'I'lierc was a '('a|itain l!nthe|-foi'd ' with St. 
 Clair in the Kxiicilition." 
 
 Sir .lohn was the lirst occup.nit <ir the mansion that aftcrwai'd helonLXeil to j.oi'd Stirlin^^ and 
 then to -Mr. Huthertord, a short distance west of the State House ami on the river. The three 
 fannlies Were eomiected. The house was suhsecpiently tenanted hy Itohert Lettis ]!ooper. and the 
 walls of ■■the (Ireen-ilouse " remained to ^uve name to the site loiii.' aftei' the dwelling: itself hail 
 heeli demolished. .\ I'orrespondent of the ■■Trenton Fedei-alist." of M.arch :'>(>tli. IS(I2. states that 
 the lirst ice-house in the State, "in oin- recollection, was la'ccted hy Sir .lohn St. Claii' [so wi'itten] 
 ahout the vear 17lU)." 
 
 --^^.'^^i'*^ 
 
CHAFI'Kl! V 
 
 THE TRENTON I'-AltltACKS. 
 The FiiE.Ncif anu Indiax War — 'I'm-: IxHAr.iTANis ()i',.ii:<t m ■iiik (irAKii:i;i.\(; av Ti;<fii|'s 
 
 I'ETITIllXS FdU BaHKACKS LecISLATI V K AlTluN A.Mi THE I.ih \TIii\ (lE THE 111 II.IM.M.S TlIEIK 
 
 N'akiiie;^ Uses — N<i\v THE I'ldH'ioin ^- oi- •riii; Wiijuw^' and SE\(,Li: \\'(j\ii:n's IIomI'; Siic'ii-:t'i'. 
 
 LTIIOrCIT tlic iiianifdld evils .4' lli,- Imvh.Ii .-nid Indian War l.'fl no diiv.-t 
 iniiircss ii]i(iii Trcntim. ncviiiliclis- the it|hii1s ,,1' crui^ltic^ in Western I'l'nnsvl- 
 fi^ \-ania and tlie fear (if raiils aldiii: the n|i]ier Delaware valley ednti'ihnled to the 
 jieiieral " distressin.;:- feai- " as v, ell in Trentmi a< in ntlier parts nf West Jersey. 
 Asa strate.L:ie |iiiint, Treiitun, the ]ai;je>t (inliiusi nf the n(irthei-n tnwns nf 
 the |)i'la\vare valli'V. was (if threat \ahie t(i the Hritish War I )epartnient. !)iii-inL; 
 the cdldiiial ]ieri(»l soldiers were fre(|n(ailly in the town, and anioni;' the nnlitarv 
 records one finds many items nf pecnliai' local intciot in i-eference to the hillet- 
 in.iidf ]uiu;lisli troops for lo(lL:ini: and siilisislenee on the inhaliitant- of Ti-enton. 
 This mode of lodllillL; hecaine \'ery amioyini: |o the people (pf the State:. the 
 liahits and the morals of the soldiers were not always snch as lhc\- desired. Indeed, the whole 
 system was exceedinL^ly liaid to endure. The neai- app|-oach at times of the stealthv Indian foe, 
 the lettiTS which wcic received in Trenton j^ivin,:;' notice of the murder of uk'H in Sussex county hv 
 th(> savaires, hkhIc the people think tiiat some ]icnnanent urran^emeut sliould he made for their 
 
 future pl-(ilection. 
 
 In this coMncction, Ocneral Stryker states thai '■The fears of the inhahitants of Trenton of 
 incursions (it tlie Indians lirst foun(l cNpi'ession in the winter of I7o7. hy a petition to the ( hneral 
 Assendilv of the I'i'ovince. There arc tliiil v-ninc petitions of a similai' eharactei' on lile in the 
 military records of the !>tate." 
 
 This )ictition recited the danii-( rs of Indian raids and the consc(|nent necessity of troops, the 
 annovance of tlie " (piarteiaui;' ' svsteni and terminated with a humlile rc(picst tiiat snitahle liar- 
 racks mi(.dit he erected. It was numerously sijiued hy the maj;istra1cs, freehdidcrs and inhahitants 
 of Trenton and near-liy jilaccs. The inhahitants of Hunterdon county, in I'eliruary, ITo'i. and at 
 other times, sent ]ietitions to the (lencral .\ssemlily rcspcetint: the raisiuL; of troops under cmerL'cnt 
 conditions. But it was not until the lifteenth day of A]iril, 17')>^. that a law was passcil hy the 
 Clotincil and (leneral .\ssendily to jirovidc for the erection of llarracks : 
 
 "An .\ct for huildini;- of Ilai'i-aeks w itliin this ( 'olouy, and foi- other purposes therein incntione(l. 
 
 •■Whereas it is found liy experience that the adnntlinj,' soldiei's within private Houses in (his 
 Colony, ihirinj; tlicir winter (Juarters is not only attended with a very licavy puhlick expencc, lull 
 nianv otliei' pci'iiicious eonseipienccs (o pi'ivate Families, for prevention whereof tor the luturc, 
 
 •• He it enacted hy the llonouralilc .lohn Hcadiuf.', Es(i., President and Comiuaiider in Chief of 
 this Colony, the Council and ( icncral .\ssemhly and it is lierciiy Enacted liy the .\nlliority of the 
 sanio, that it shall and may he lawful for the Trcasurer.w of this Colony, out of any Money now in 
 their Hands, made cun-ent for the service of the ]ires(iit war. or out of such .Money as may come 
 into their Hands, hy virtue of an Act of Asscmhly pass'd this Session, entitled An Act for aui;- 
 
40 
 
 •I'lIK CITY OF TliKNTOX. 
 
 nu'ntin.i; tlic RcLninciit of tliis Colony of X<'\v Jersey to the nuiiilier of One Tlioiisanil effcetivc 
 Men, Ollieers hielmleil, anil niakinu' provisions for the same to pay unto Jhiirli Hartshorn. Thomas 
 Seatterjrood, William Skeels, John Allen, J<iseph ^'arll. 'rheo|ihihis Scverns, Kenhen Runion. Henry 
 Fishei-. Josepli Monnt, Samuel Nevill, Thomas Barton, .lohii Smyth, Uohert ()i;ilen, Cornelius 
 llatlielil anil Jaeoh Deliart, Esifrs or any two of them sueh sum or sums of Money, as ihey, or 
 any two of tliem, may think neeessary for ereetint' ami liuiMintx liarraeks sullieient to eontain three 
 Inuulreil Men. at eaeh of the respeetive [ilaees of Biu'linjiton, Trenton, Perth Amhoy. New Bruns- 
 wiek anil ]']h/,aheth-To\vn. whieh Barracks tliey are to huilil aeeorilini;' to their ilisei-etion. as soon as 
 may he, in the liest ami most suhstantial, most eomminlious aii'l fruiial .Manner they are eapalile of, 
 toL;ether with the neeessary Convenienees thei-eunto lielonLjing. " 
 
 These Commissioners, or any two of them, " resiilinir in the I'laee whei'e the i-e~peetive 
 ]{arraeks are herehy onlered to he huill sh.ill forthwith pui'ehase a suitaMe pieee of (iromel not 
 exeeeililli: one Aere, for ereetinu the same ami Like I he .\i Iviee and 1 )ireetions of the Memhers of 
 the House of Uepresentatives of the city oi- County wliere the saiil Barraeks are to he huilt. 
 rosjieetinLT the (^u.antity and Situation of the (Iround so to he purchased ; .\nil to the eml. the said 
 (Ironnd and huildini; ni.-iy he elfeitually seeui'ed to the I'se of this Provinee." 
 
 It was also furthei- eiiaeteil " tliat the I lonourahle Andi'ew .lohnson. James 1 1 udc. and Piehard 
 Salter, l']sij"sanil llohert Lawi'enee, Chai'les Pi. id, W'ilii.-im .Morris, .lolm .Johnson, I'^hene/.er .Miller, 
 
 Ol.li i;.\llitAi KS ,\S IT Ari'K.^KKI) IN Coi.uNIAl. TlMI->i. 
 
 and Pieh.ird Smith of ISurlimrton !"• and they ai-e hei-ehy ;ippoiiiteil Trustees for the Colony of Xe\\' 
 Jii'-e\' ill U hose names the respeetive l>eei|< of the said (Irouiids. sliall he taken, to them, and the 
 sui'vivoi-s and survivor of tliem and tlie lleii--~of the Sin'\ivoi's of them forevi.'i' : yet nevertheless 
 to the uses, intent^ and purpose^ lureinafter s])eeilieil. and to no olhei' use. intent or purpose 
 what'^oever ; tli.at is to say. to and for the use of Bari'.aeks for the (iuai'tei'ini;' of SoMiers whenever 
 they lie sent liy jiroper AiUliority to reside in any of the places aforesaid : .\nd the said (iround 
 and Barracks when huilt >liall he under the Cai'e and l)ireelionof the two princi]ial Maaistrates 
 and the two Fi-eeholdcrs chosen for the City or Town where they ai'e respectively huilt, and they 
 uiav at their disci'ction, oecnp\' the same or sulTcr the s,-ime to he oceupied at all Times liei'ealter, 
 when no Soldiers .are there; so alwa\'s that propei' care he taken to keep them from Damai^e as 
 much as in.ay he and to ha\e them at .ill Time,- free for the um' of the Soldiers as aforesaid. 
 ['/■(irliliil Alii(ii/s. and it is herehy declareil to hi' the liaie Intent and .Meaning; of these presents, 
 that i\u part of the said (iromids shall he coiueiled into or made u-e of fm- erecthur any sort of a 
 huildinj; thereon hesides liarraeks as aforesaid: with the necessary Fiaicini; with which the said 
 ijrounils so to he pm'chascd shall he enclosed and remain for the uses aforesaid forevei'. The 
 Coninii.ssioners were limited to the sum of CI, 100 for each liai'rack, retainiuL' livi' per cent. 
 
TIIK (1TV OF TUKXTOX. 
 
 41 
 
 Cdiniiiissinii. Ill I'lirthcr (liM-\wsiii- this suliji'rt. (Jciirral Sti-vl<cr states tliat socni al'tcr tlir [lassa^'c 
 (if the law a lot \va> imnliascd of Mrs. Sarah Chiihh, at a |ilaci- (in the west ciid ol' Front street, 
 where the Kiver road entered 'rrenton. 'I'he iHiichase-inoiK y was ClO. and the lot eontaiiUMl ahout 
 one a(a-e. .lose|ih I'eaee, the fathei- of M rs. Chiihh. piirehased this lot. ill a t raet of thirt\--si.\ acres, 
 from -lame- Trent, son of William 'i'reiil. March lOth, I ToL!. for C I 7n. sihcr iiioiiev. 
 
 it will thus he seen that the I'.a rracks oc( upied all thclariic tract of land that faced the west 
 termination of l-'roiit street. I'lioii the east, the l!arrack lot was hoini(le(l h\- the itixcr r(pa(l. now 
 South Willow street, and Peace street, which was the later name of the Itixcr road south of {-"rout 
 street. On the south, the |ir(i|ierty adjoined the lands ..f Stacy I'otts; (.n the north was the 
 |iro|ierty of .lose|ili Peace. To the West, the line extended nearly to the lands now ocell|iied h\' the 
 ('a|iitol. Delaware a\-ciiue later sc|iaiatei| the jlarrack lot from t he Sl.itc |iro|icrt v. 
 
 The el'ectioii of P.arraeks commenced on the lliirt\-lirst day of .Maw 17o>;. and it was |iushed 
 on so ra|iidly that we tiiid tliat more than oiii -half the huildiin;- was lillcd with soldiers on the sixth 
 of Xoveiuhcr followiuL:. It was. ho\\i\cr. not fully com|jletc(| until March. l7o'l. a- appears h\- an 
 iiiseri|ition on the hiiildiuL:. .I(ise|ih Yard had charge of the erection of the walls of the JJarracks 
 and of proeuriiiL;- the furniture theicfor. (hi the second (lay of ( )ctolier. 1 7o'.l. we til id the liarracUs 
 was (iccn|pie(| li\- a reuiincut of 
 Highlanders, whose |ie(ailiar 
 dress created much interest 
 aniDiij; tlie jieople of the tow n. 
 In I)eceiiilier. 17">'l. a small 
 addition was liuilt to the Bar- 
 racks for the use exchlsively 
 of the otiicel's ill charac of the 
 iMiiilish troops. The hiiildiuj; 
 was (iriiiinally desiLMicd to hold 
 ahout ■!<)() men. hut we lind at 
 one time 4")0 men (|Uartere(l 
 therein. The first a|ipropria- 
 tiou had to he suppleinenteil 
 liv other inonevs from time to 
 tiuR', and it is ipiite e\i(hiit 
 that the IJarracks cost at least 
 £.")()() more hefoic it was lin- 
 islied. It was huilt eiitii-cly of 
 stone, undressed, two stories in 
 heiiiiit, the main hiiildiiiL! 1 •"■n 
 feet ill IcULilh and IS', feet in 
 width, with two wiuLis. each oS 
 
 feet in leii.Lith. at eitli(a' end thereof. aii(| proicctini; at riiilit anijles from the front of the Itarracks. 
 For several years after the Parracks was linished it was constantly lillcd with troops. During: 
 tliu year ]7(>-'). peace l]a\iiiL; hecu fullv estahlished with 1<" ranee, the liiiildintrs seem tii liave 
 heen unoccupied, and the attention of the (oaieral Asseiiihly was called to the fact in May 
 of that year, and they ordered that the perishahle articles therein should he sold, that the 
 huildiiiii sliotild he simply kept in repair, and, if possihie, rented. William t'laytoii and Ahrahani 
 Hunt were appointe(l ( 'omniissioiiers t() earrv out the or(|ei-s of the l-cirislature of the Province. 
 They ininiediately sold all the furniture in the Parraeks, tlie "two suhstaiitial ladders and twenty 
 leather hucketts e.xcepted." The liitildiiiLr and premises were rented, a clause ill the lease re(iuirin.u 
 them to he Lriveii Up at aiiv time on suitahle notice from the (loveriior of the Colony, that tliey 
 were needed for the iise of iiritish soldiers. From the year I7(i(') (o the hreakinv; out of the 
 Hcvolutionary War, .\hialiani Ifiiiit and Alexander Clianihers, the two leadini: iiiercliants in the 
 town, had chaise of the huildini:, and were ealle(l P.arrack-Masteis, and received Cld per aiunim 
 for tlieir services in looking after the projterty. 
 
 Duriiif; tlu; Revolutionary War the Parraeks was oeeupieil at various limes hy com|iaiiies of 
 Pritish troops, the Hessian luereeiiaries and nrruits for the American army (» n/'/^: to join their 
 F 
 
 I'mKION 111- TlARRACKS .\.S IT N(»\\ Ai 
 
42 
 
 UK (ITV OF TItKNTOX. 
 
 coiuniaiiil. Fur tlic two weeks ])ri(ir to tlir liattlc of 'rrcutou a pai-ty of Imil'HsIi ilraiiooiis and soinc 
 (icniian Yasrers occupied tlie Imililiiii.', with a laru'c iiiii]iImt of Tory refiiifccs fiMin Moiiiniiutli and 
 lUirliniitoii counties, wlio were trviuii to ))lace themselves unihT the ])roteetion of the arms of the 
 I'^nirlish Kiuii. A \veek after tlie hattle the huildiujr was lilled with American militia, and so ccm- 
 tiliued Tintil the end nf the war a< a |ilac<' foi- (|uarterinu; the soldiers of either army. 
 
 For three vears afU-r the war the Barracks remained in disuse. On the lirst day of June. 17>;i'). 
 iheOencral .\sseinhlv of the State, sitting; .at New Ihainswick. directed the ('onunissioiiers of this 
 Statt' t(i sell all the IJarracks and all the lands attached and turn the proceeds into the trea<iiry. 
 Moore l''urman. of 'I'renton. one of the Conimissioncrs for the State, sold the ]iropi'i1y I'chriiary 
 ISth, 17S7, to William O-ileii and William i'aterson, fnr C.';.-_'(;i). 
 
 In the vear IS]:; l-'ront sti'cet was o|icncil westward one Mock, and fnily feet of the huildiuLj 
 was taken dnwn. and this detached the iiurtli wiu'j- nf the ISarracks from the main Imildinir. This 
 north \y\u'^. on the noilh si<leof l'"i-oiil street, wa-^ tni-ne(l into three residences. The porches on the 
 main Imildini;- were taken duwn, and in tlii' ycai- IS.').') it was occupied hy the Widows' and Siuirle 
 Women's Hume Societv. which (iriiaui/ation still uses it foi- philanthrojiii- purposes. 
 
 The IJai-racks is one of the few lnuldiiiLis in Trenton which <'arries us to colnnial times. .\ 
 (■(.mmcmoi-ativc talilet. markinu the date of the erection "f the liilildiiiii' and the salient facts of its 
 liistorv. will soon he place(l in position. jirohaMy upon the Front street side' of the l)nildiM;i-. 
 
 ^^v^^^^^^ 
 
CHAl'TEH VT. 
 
 THE r.ATTLE OF Ti;i':\T()X. 
 
 Al).IUTANT-( iEXEKAl, W'll.lJAM S. Sl'KVKlCK AXU HIS I ! I ;sl : A l:c 1 1 i;s ('(iMillKiNs I. i:\lilMi 'I'll 'I'lIK 
 
 ISaTTLK LnCATIiiNS (IF IJl.TIIsH AMi l!];\i i|.l I'll iN A I.A' 'I'lJiidl'S 'I'lli; ClInsslNc; (iF THF 
 
 Delaware — The Attack — TiiE l)KArii dv Kali. — Tin-: Sii;i;km>I':i; — Tiii': Disivisi riiix av 
 Hessiax Tkciiij's — Tile Effect of the ISattle im'hn Ami:hica — Wasiiincion's Cai.i. th Akms. 
 
 ^'\' HAS vi'inaini'd t'ur due man fn pi-cscnt in its entirety tlic causes and elVeets of liiat 
 uneliattle \\lii<li was llie liiniiiiu |i(iint nf tlie Aiiii'viean Keviilntinii. W'illiain S. 
 Str\ker, the Ailjiitant-( eiieial "if tlie State nf New -lia-sey. lias ilevdteil many years 
 
 ti) tllis taNk. The t'lilliiW inn' (lesel'i|itinll fnilll his pell, ahhnllLih an nnthlle pietuve, 
 
 is tlie result iif \\\> patient lahm's. Its clearness ami accuracy have unthiiiu to he 
 
 ilesired : 
 
 " The disastriiiis hat tie of T>iin,t,' 
 '^ Island had heeii fuii-ht. Fort 
 
 Wa^hiiiLiton and l■^l|■t Fee on the 
 
 Hudson ri\'erliad heeii surreiidiacd, 
 the retreat throutih tlie Jersi'ys hy the Amerii-an 
 army, followed hy a laruc Ihitish hirce, had heeii 
 made and the outlook for tin' patriot eaii-e I'or 
 the winter of 177lianil 1777 was dark and forc- 
 hodiiiL'. (lencral Howe had orilci'ed a line of 
 winter cantonments to he formed in 1 )eceiiilii'r, 
 177li, at I'runswick, I'riiieeton, Trenton ami I'.or- 
 dontown. The posts at Trenton and I'xprdentowii, 
 the most inijiortant positions ncari'st the Aniei'iean 
 army, he <;arrisoned with (iernian trooj)S. 
 
 "Ill 'I'rciitoii, thrcH! rp(;imeiits of Hessian 
 Infanti-y, a small detachment of Artillery, lifty 
 Hi--i:iii Yagers and twenty DraLromis were ipiar- 
 torcd. in all ahont fourteen hundred men. The 
 infantry rcLiimeuts were those call<'(l the (Ireiia- 
 dier ncL'imeiit Itall, the Fusilier Iteeimiaits \'on 
 Kliyphauseii and \'on [.(jssher.L'. Colonel .lohaiin 
 (iottlicl) Kail was the senior ollicca' coinmaudinu' 
 the l)rif;aile. 
 
 '■ ( M'lieval Wasjiini^lon had divided his army 
 into tiiroe so]iaratc corps. One di'tachmcnt was 
 .stationed at Bristol nndcr Colonel John Carlwala- 
 der ; the second corps hail heachpiartcrs at Colvin's 
 
 s H.xiK whrn- Col. 
 K.1II dird. no» C» 
 
 .; Ilf^^i.inhnilijuartcr's 
 
 ro ^.rlKl<^h ChuiVh uSfd 
 
 .1, .1 Iwfracks. 
 II M.-rhorfiM Churth 
 
 ri,cd j^ 3 I'liracki 
 
 .iiid I h<n).iul 
 
 I'ti^ltjicoan Church 
 
 iivd u 4 tkiriAcki 
 
 Jiid K'>.' )"d 
 
 whrrr Col Rjll »as 
 
 Kncd. 
 
 riacc whrfc C.>l 
 
 K.1II wji ,;.,.! 
 
 Hrt...vt> |..(lict 
 
 Whcrf Amrdciiw 1 i' 
 vtnlot Utitrth o<.ii^ 
 
 , Tfeflloft Fcnjf. 
 Old lbf»«U. 
 Hoiiw mhrtt Col. B»ll 
 brcanir iiilnxlL.imt. 
 
 iH ^\r\^■,n |ii'k<l fin 
 
 IV.iM-Kmi. k.^i) 
 
 Hi:V<W.irinN AltV r.\N)>MAHKS. 
 
4-1 
 
 THE t'lTV (JF TUKNTOX. 
 
 Ferry, now MorrisvilK'. and consisted of the Pennsylvania militia of tlu' F]yin<: t'ani|i and the New 
 Jersey militia, under eonnnand of Hriijadier-deneral James Ewinj.'. of Pennsylvania. The third 
 and larjiest corps extended I'roin ^■a^dley's Fei'ry northward seven miles on the Delaware rivi-r and 
 the (Minti.L'Uous region and liack some six miles from the river. 
 
 "The insj)ection-return of Dec'cmher 'i'Jd, 1771), shows that Washiiiiitnn hail at that liiiii' 
 enrolleil ahout six thousand elfective troojis. These troo]is were ill-clad : they t.'reatly needc(l 
 stockinjis and slioes ; few <if them had hlankets, and many regiments were without camp e(|uiiia.t:e. 
 '• W'ashinsrtou now |irepare(l for a simultaneous attack upon the eonnnands of \'on Donoji and of 
 Pall. It was ordi'i-cd at the couucil of war, held on the evening of Decemlier 2 1th, that Colonel 
 Cadwalader should cross the river from Pristol to liurlington on Christmas niiiht ami heat up the 
 ])osts of Mount Holly and Hordeiitown ; that (Jcneral lowing should cross at Trenton Landing and 
 take ]>osition south of the .\ssimpiid< creek, so that Hall's incii could not escape to X'lm Doiiop and 
 that (icneral Washington, with a detachment of the main army, two thousand foin- hiuidrecl strong. 
 with eighteen i)ieces of artillery, should make a direct attack on the gai'risou town of Trenton. 
 
 " By two o'clock on the morn- 
 ing of Christmas some regiments of 
 the main annv wei-c moving towards 
 M( Konkey's Ferry ; ami hy tliree in 
 the afternoon all those detailed for 
 tins service were on the march, ting- 
 ing, it is ^aid. the light >now which 
 had fallen with Modd fi-om thi'ir 
 feet. f'ach soldiei' hail thi'cc days" 
 cooked I'ationsand each cai'i'ied forty 
 riiund- of ammuiiilion. 
 
 •■ The men were pl.icid in I 'ur- 
 hani liiiats. in row-gallcvs and in 
 e\'er\' kind of craft which could he 
 eollcited in the up|ier waters of the 
 llilawarc. The jagircd ice lloatcd 
 s.wiftly hy. struck the hoats severely 
 and they had to \h- liandle<l with 
 the greatest I'arc. It was after three 
 o'clock when the .Vmcricans reached 
 the New Jersey shore, and the order 
 for the ex|iccted attack on Trenton, 
 nine miles distant, was li\e o'clock 
 in till' morning. This could not 
 now he carrieil out. 
 
 "The jiassword for theilay was 
 ■ I'irliiri/ III- pKilli.' The wind that day was c.ast-iioi-tlieast, ami the stunn, at least for a part of 
 tlir ni.-Mvli. heat ratlicf more oi] the left sin luldeis than in the laces of the patriotic army. 'J"he 
 ground was very slippery from the sleet and >no\\ . and tlicii' miMaalile want of clothing made 
 their condition truly pitiahle. 
 
 [Tradilion lias it that (icnei-.il Washington, on the march. ilraid< from the -pring which hears 
 his name. It is located on Cadwalader Place. J 
 
 "Thecohnnnof Ceiicral ( irecne first came within sight of the alarm-house of the Pciniington 
 road. The advance ]iartv of llic .\nieric.in> insl.mtly cliaiged toward the house. Init the guards r.an 
 out siiouting '/''/■ Fiiiiil! Ihi- l-'i'niil! Iln-dns.' Iliriiiis.'' ;iud, giving the patriots a volley, they 
 retire(l. 
 
 "According to instructions, (icmi-al Stephen diarized with great spirit mi the retreating out- 
 ])ost. Tlu' ])icket fell liai-k on the reser\-e, hut ihey too ga\c way heforc the rajiid dash of Stephen's 
 troops. 
 
 '"It was nearly eight o'clock in the morning when ( icneral (Ircene's column forced the picket 
 st;ition on the Pennington mad, and it was just three miiuites afterward when (icneral Sullivan's 
 
 yn 
 
 ('(H.iiNKT, L.\mi{|:i;t ('.\ii\v.\i.\iii:k. 
 
'rilK CITY OF TliKXroN. 
 
 4o 
 
 advance strurk tlir Va-n- |ii(kct pust (Mi tin- lvi\Tr rciail. Hntli iiickcts wci-c nvcrwlicliiUMl, cif (Mnirsc, 
 liy sii|H'ii(ir iiuiiiliiTs, anil tlif AmrricaiiH nislu-d ' pi'll-nicll,' as ('(ilmicl Kncix said, iiitn the tnwn. 
 By t]\v rapid liriui; it was clear that rai-li cdliiiiiii vied with the iithrr in )<r thr lirst in the attark on 
 the tnaiii Imdy nf thr Hessians. 
 
 "As sunn as liall's (irenadiers lieard the lirint; cm tlie 1'c'iniinf.dnn rnad they inn-riecl nut nf thi-ir 
 (lliartei-s cm KinL;- strc'ct ancl fonncMl in IVnnt nf wliat is nnw the Aniiaaean license. The \'cm Lnss- 
 heri; re^iinieiit made theii- fc.rinalic.n nndca- thc' |Mi|ilai- trees in Cluireh alley, cm the north side cif the 
 iiraveyard in the I'c-ai- cif the Knijlish ehnreh. 'i'he \'(in l\ny|ihansen re.iiiincail c,i-;.'anizecl nn (jneeii 
 street and hc^uan tn inarc'h u'estwai'd alimii Scccmcl strc'el. 
 
 ■■Colonel Hall, when he heaid the noise in the town, c>|ic-ncM| hi- window and eallecl ont to 
 kno\v what was tlie matter. .Vhhounh he hacl not rc'coverecl from hi> cnronsal of the previous 
 niuht, at .Vlnaliani limit's house, lie Imiriedly di-essed hiniMlf and appeareil on the street on iiorse- 
 liaek to assmne eommaiid. Seeing his own recfinient ah-eady foniic^cl a few rods down the street, he 
 startecl them cm a run np K in j; street. 
 
 ".\t this tinic' Ceneral WashinLitciii had taken position on the hitih ,c.ronnd on the northwesl 
 eonier of propeity now owin'cl hy .Mr. .lohn S. ('handlers, just at the jinietion of what is now 
 
 
 11"'' 
 
 'SJiK 
 
 ■*^^^J 
 
 ■ ■^*! 
 
 ;. •:* ^< "t^,l >.^^■ ..-^•^r • s 
 
 %Sj8*- 
 
 - ' l<i JTiifflff 
 
 Tin-: Wasiiincjtun 
 
 Fountain nveniio ancl I'rineelon avenue. I''idni this point Iw ecmld. with his frlass, (iverlook (ho 
 
 whole open \illai.'c' and di|-c'et the liulit. 
 
 "■ 'I'heii Captain 'riioinas I''orrest opeiiecl his ha It cry clown (^neeii si re -el, w hilc' ( 'aplain .\le.\ander 
 Hamilton lii-ecl clown K'ini; street from Ihe \-ei-y spot where the IJattle Monument is erected. The 
 Hessian cannon hacl heeii run up the street alieacl of the I tall rcLnment to tlii' little stone hridiie wiiii-h 
 tlicn c-ovei^ecl i'cttv's ruii. ancl the third shot fi^oni Hamilton's lmhis cjisahliil tlieii- hatlery. Imme- 
 diately the hriiracle of (ienc'i-al Lord Stirlini;- hciian to charjie clown Kinir street. Captain William 
 W'asliinjrton, his Lieutenant, .lames Monroe, and their comiiany of Colonel Wecilon's rcLriment were 
 on the rii.dit of Stiinii;:'s hi-ij.'ade. 'Idiese two ollicers were womided in thi' charLTc. hni they look two 
 field-pieces and drove the Hall rcfrimcnt olT the street into the .uardens hctween Kinj; and (inecn 
 streets, jnishinif them hack in irreat confusion on the \'on Lossherj; reiiinicnl, which \v;is jiisl ciiniin«,' 
 out of Church allev into (iueen street. Tlien hoth orjranizations started olT toircllicr from tiuecn 
 streut across the fields in tlie direction of the )>l,ice where Mont^'oniery street now crosses the feeder. 
 
 "Colonel Tfall joined the Hall and Von Losshcr^r rec.dments as they were marehin.c; in a norlh- 
 casterlv direction and had left the town, and he ordered them to ri^,dil ahout and attack tlie villa},'e. 
 
Hi 
 
 THE I ITV OF TlIKXToX. 
 
 
 • 
 
 »— — - 
 
 /■ 
 
 
 \ 
 
 ^^-A 
 
 ^ 
 
 j^g^ 
 
 ^; 
 
 
 ^Kii 
 
 n[F. .... . 
 
 
 IfffE^S. 
 
 ^■w 
 
 iii 
 
 ■0^^^^^- 
 
 rs~- 
 
 -■.- • 
 
 
 L. 
 
 
 
 IIolSK IN WllK-II C"l.. HaI.I. \V.\S KNTlCU'r.VINKI) 
 
 Is'HJirr Bkfouk Batti.k <ii- Tui:ntc»n. 
 
 Tlii.-< tlu'V ]iri)iiiiitly iliil. Tliey had again i-caclicd the junction of (Juccn street and Chureli alley 
 when they found themselves sorely ])ressed hy Stirlinu's men, who firecl from houses and fences on 
 KIul; sticct and the alley, ami saw (General .Mcrcci-'s lii'ii;adc eharfiina- down (^uecn street on tlu'ir 
 liroken rank>. llul l!all was still slioutiiii.', "-VU who arc my (ircnadiers, forward 1 " when a hullet 
 struck him. lie fill fium liis Iku-sc and was carried into the .Methodist church i in the northeast 
 
 corner nf what is nnw llruad and .\eadeniy streets, 
 \\liile the ciilunni uf the .\mericans ]iuslied the rem- 
 nant of the two demoralized rcLiimcnts through Third 
 and {'"ourth str<'cts ( rcs|iectively Ilanii\cr and .\cad- 
 emy stri'ctsj into the orchard. 
 
 ■"While tliese charucs were heiiiLr made, (iencral 
 Sle|ilien"s ancl ( leneral I )e l'"ormii\'s lirii;ades, hv 
 \\ a^liinjiton's orders, hurri<'d inward the I-'o.x Chase 
 tn\irn. CHI i>rmiswii'k roail. to |ire\ent the escape of 
 theiiieinxtii Maideidiead (now l,a^\ reiicevilli' ). This 
 I lie\- succeeded in doiiii;-. 
 
 "'(lenci'al Sulli\'an's divisiun, as ha< lieen said, 
 drii\e ill the |iicket on llie itixer road. The ei'v was 
 then raised. 'Tin <i >ir< hnn^ lliiil Irij liifii'^ .sr;///.v," ;illd 
 down the riiad the .\meric,-nis ran. ])iishinii; all hcfoie 
 tlieiii. The wliiile tiiwn wa> imw in an ujirnar. 
 Ciiliinel .luhn Stark, aftcrwaid the hern of l'>emiinj;ton, 
 sw uiil; round the northeast enriiei- nf what is now State 
 and W'illiiw streets and, as .Majnr Wilkinson wrote, 
 'f)>iill ihiiih irJiirtrn- In fun ml rcxUhinri', iinil liraL't ilinni all (ijijiiisitiiin licjin-c /inn.' 
 
 •• (Icneral Sulli\-an. witli Coloiiel (Hover's hrinade and NTaTs anil Sar-cnt's hatteries, sent a 
 part V to take the people in the iild I'.anaeks and then ran tlieii' headli mni-ace around into l-"ri mt 
 street, anil >ii nil tuthe hridjic nver the .\sstm|jink creek, to prevent, if pos^iMc, the escape uf the 
 enemy. In thi< thi'V were only 
 |iarlly s u r r es s f n 1 . ('nlnllel 
 ( iloxcr's hri.uade crossed t li e 
 hridiic and was instantly posted 
 on the hitrh iii-omid mi the creek 
 just east of the hridiic. The re- 
 port shows that foin- hunilred and 
 seventeen men escaped and jiiined 
 Colonel \"iiii 1 )iiiiiip as he w a s 
 inakiii,!4 his retreat northward to 
 Cencral I-eslie, at Princeton, 
 (initea nninlicrof strairj-dcrs from 
 the Hessian rciriments tried also 
 to reach the hridiic. Many of 
 them csea])ed, hut some Were 
 hennned in on (Jueen street he- 
 tween tlie force of Colonel ."^tark 
 on Second street and the Ameri- 
 can hriixade then in ]>ossession nf the hridi^e. 'i'hey surrendered in front of wliat is now the Taylor 
 Opera House. .\s Sulliv.an's division came in front of the I'lvshyterian i-htn-ch lai Second street, 
 a show of resistance was for a moment made, and Major \'on hceliow determined there to make a 
 stand with the veterans of the \'on K nypliausen reuimcnt. Ihit the dauntless Stark would hrook 
 no resistance, and he <-hart;ed them witli rdentle-s fury. This llcs-ian rcuinu'lit, too, was then 
 ]inshcd hack into the orchard. 
 
 "The liall and Von I.ossheri: rc,i.'iment< had heeii huddled in the orchard. The three rcmaiuin.u 
 field ollicers held a hrief comicil and determined to hivak throu-h the .\merican forci- and march to 
 Princeton. They noticed, however, the doulilc lino of Stephen and De Fermoy on the IJrunswick 
 
 Orooi Hiu-DCT'a Maiiazino Uopyncbl, 18i>9. by Harper & Brotbcra. 
 
 AssrvrixK ItiMix.i:, Ilrri.T iv 17fiO. 
 
THK CITY OF TRKXTOX. 
 
 47 
 
 UJj 
 
 roail, mill (.'aiitaiii Ftn'i-rst's six-L;un lialtny was just tliiii placcil in pdsitinii near tlic Fricnils' 
 incctinii'-liiiUHr nil Tliird. wuw llaii(i\i-r, strrcl. 'I'Im' (inlcr In lire was aliniit In ]h: L'ivrii wlic-ii tlic 
 Hessians. srciiiiuL! I'l'i' tlir lirsl tiiiic in vializr that tlicy were suiTniiiiiiid liy sn]i( rinr iminlna-s, 
 lowered tliiir staii(laiii> aiai Lirniindiil tlitir :jiiiis, wliilc tlic nllircrs put tliiir lial> nii tlic |"iints nf 
 their swnids. (icncial l.ioil Sliiliiii: mdc |ni\\:ii'd and l.iculcnant-t 'nluiid l'"raii<-is ScliclTcr, tlicii 
 till' sciiiur ntliccr nl' tlic llo^ian liri^adc. siiiicndcicd liis swurd and lii> cuniniaiid tn liini. 'i'liis 
 ccrcniuiiN' tnnk [ilacc mi llic cdLic nf the a|i|ilc nrcliard, cast nf what i> imw .MiiiitL:unici-v street — 
 we niav enrrcctly say, nn the Iwu hincio, nnrlh and ihc 
 
 twn Mnidcs east nf the cnnicr nil which the I'lisl-Ollicc 
 
 ^tand^. 
 
 '■'l'lic\'iin Kiiy|)hanscii reuiniciit essayed lirsl to 
 inarch dnwn ajnii'^ the Inw L:i'i>inid ti<i the creek I'min 
 
 the nrcliard tn the stnlic liridlic, and sn tn escape, hilt 
 
 they I'niind tlic hridnc guarded hy the Aincricans. 
 Thcv tried alsn tn t'nrd the creek, and ill this a few 
 succeedcil. d'lieir cuininandcr, Majnr \'nn I )cclin\\ , 
 had liecn hadly wnnndcd, and had ■.^i\cii hinisell' lip a 
 prisniicr iif war. The Iwn l:iiiis (hc\' had with Ihciii 
 Were mired in the marshy slmrc nf the creek, and 
 eollkl lint lie jiiit nut. 'I'liey lic:ird alsn that llic nthcr 
 Hoi^sian re,i;iiiierits had sin'reiidcrcd. and they saw l.nid 
 Stirling, with his hriiiade, pnshiiiLi- nn tliinnL:h the 
 nrcliard tnward them, 'riicii tlic\', tnn, urninnled llieir 
 arms near where the Mnntunincry .^tnct hrid^c einssi's 
 the ereek. 
 
 " The news nf the surrender was taken in 
 \\'a>liiliL;tnii hy his aide, Cnlniicl liaylnr. ,\ few 
 mnmi'iits afterward, Majm- W'ilkinsnii, SI. Cl.iii's 
 aide, rnde np, and W'ashinutnii pressed Ihc hand 
 (if the linyish snldicr, with the leinaik, "'riiis is ;i i;lniinii- dav I'nr niir cniintiw Majni- Wilkinsnn. ' 
 
 ''The tide nf the inisfnrl lines nf the war had iinw heen Inriicd. and llie 1 )ccl;iialinn nf 
 Independence h.id hccn made a reality hy this first hrillianl strnke (>\ \ictnry. l!all wa- imw carried 
 frnm ihc Melhndi-I ihiiivh tn his nwn (piartcrs. dviiiLi. (leiicraU \\'a-liiiiL:lnii and (■rceiie called 
 nn liiiii dniiiiL; llic innniiiiL: and tnnk his parnle. .and prnmised him kind trcalnieiit I'nr his men. 
 lie died nil the lAciiiiii: nf |)cccnihcr L'Tlli. and was hiiriid in the l're<hyleri.aii ;:ravcyaril. 
 
 "The ln>> nf tile .\iiicrieans was twn nlliccrs and 
 
 Iwn enli>lci| men Wninuled. Nunc were killed. The 
 llc~<iallS ln>t li\e nlliccrs killed aiid li\e wnimdcd : 
 si \lccii enlisted men killed .and se\enty-li\e wnuiiilcd. 
 Tw eiit\'-l'nnr Hessian snidiers were knnwn tn have heen 
 hiiricd in this villaLic (leiieral W'ashin.irtnii ri'iinrteil 
 thai nine hnndred and eiL:litccn men had heen ni;iile 
 prisniicrs nf war. The .\nierican ai'iny alsn tnnk six 
 hrass three-pnuiiders, fnrty hnrses, niic tlmusand stand 
 nf anus and fifteen cnlnrs. 
 
 ''A cnnncil nf war was called at imnn, ami allhoil.L'li 
 ( M'licral ( iieeiie and ( 'ulniicl Knnx m'L'eil a rapid |Uir- 
 snit nf Ihc flic, (ieneral W'ashinutnn ileeided to reemss 
 
 the river in dialcly. and (lins seeiin his prisnners 
 
 and the tmphies of victory. 'I'he niareli was then 
 taken u\, hy the Kiver mad In McKnnkcy's I'erry. The weary palrints stepjied alon^r the road 
 with glad hearts, and minded not the hail and rain which lhe\ had hnriic fnr sn many iiolirs, 
 although more than one thousand of Washington's army were reported unlit for duly the next ilay. 
 "The Hessian oflieers were taken to tint IJueks county jail, at Newtown, Direniher -JTlh. On 
 Dcccmher 30tli and olst, the prisoners were sent to Philadelphia, heing paraded thmugli that <ily 
 
 TiiE I>nr<;i„\s IIu I :-.!., Uiii.i;i: (_;i;n, Wamiim. ion 
 Hkiji CorNcii, OK Wau. 
 
 Oil. Kai.i/s IlE.U)iirAJc'ri.Rs, l"7t;. 
 
48 
 
 TlIK (ITV OK TRENTON. 
 
 for till' ])ur])()S(' of ins])irin<; the jKitriots, and showinir tlicin that tlir warlike llrssians coulil liu 
 <-a|)turi'(l. l>onl (Icortrc (ii'niuiin, the t'olonial Secretary of Stale of Kiiit; ( leoriii- 111.. \oi<-e(| the 
 oiiiiiioii of the ]ieo|ile of (Ireat liritaiu on tlu,< (linastrous lii;ht whi'ii he wrote, •All imr lnqirx ir<r< 
 hhistiil In/ iliiil II iilidiijiti ii[}'(i!r lit Tri'iiliiii. 
 
 The ell'eet of this hattle was eleetrieal. The eyes of the Colonies hail lieen turned U|Min the 
 retreat throuj.di .lersev, and had the results heen other than ihi'V wi're, tin' Uritish. holdini;' .Xew 
 .lersev — the ki'V to thi' situ.ition — woidd have cut the Colonies in twain. .\t this time, niauy 
 people in New .lersev wia'e " ilisalTeeti'd " and. at liest, indilTeicul. The l'"nL;lish L;"o\ernnienl 
 awaitc'il the nioun'nl wlieu they eould tlioi-. lULihly oruaui/.e the Loyalists, who had >c"ittei'c-d throUi;li 
 "The Pines'" oi' had hi't-.dviai theuiseUew to the noi'lhern hill eountrv. and eouM '/wr i-urtr lilmirlii- 
 for raids and depredations upon the farms of tliosi/ who hail lieen true to the pati'iotie eause. 
 Xew .Ierse\-. 1 viui;- hel Ween the .\orth and ."^outli, plundered and devastated hy i^uerrilla soldiery ; 
 the Colonies divided ; the Continental line and ndlitia Initehei'ed or Iuuil:'. and tlie leaders of tlie 
 Revolution dvin,;,' as traitors in a rehellion — -ueh would have heen the result had not Washinudon, 
 at a eritieal time, saved the Coiifedei-.ition and the hopes of an infant naliiDi. 
 
 W'Asiii.Nirro.v's Cai.i, mo .\i;ms. 
 
 William l>. Weeks, I'^sipiii'e. of .Xewark, a memher of the hai' of New .ler>ev. and the owner 
 of a eolleetion of .lerseyana. whieh is in itself uniipie. furnishes to this llistm-y of Trenton a 
 doeument whieh for the lirst time in this fm-ni appears in print. The oiaiiinal, whieh is priceless, 
 now in Ml'. Weeks' ])ossession, is thus aeeuiately transerihed. and is self-explanatory : 
 
 "To the Frienils of .\nu'riea in the State of New Jersey 
 
 "The Armv of the .\nieriean St.ates under my Comni.and. heiui: lately irreatly reinforceil, and 
 havinjj; atrain Entered the Slate of .New Jersey, 1 most wainily reipiest the Militia of Said State at 
 this Important Crisis to Evince theii- love to their Countiy, hy holdly Ste|)|iinij: forth and defending; 
 the Cause of Freedom. The I idiahitants may he assm-ed that hy a manly and Sjiiiited Conduct 
 thev may now relieve their Distressed State from the I )epredatioMs of our Enendes, — I have there- 
 fore dis])atehed Coll Neilson, Majors Taylor, Van iMuhui'iih and Frelinuhyseii toiiether with some 
 other ( ientlemen of your State to call together and ICmhody your Militia, not douhtiuL: hut Success 
 
 will attend tlieii- ICndeavours. 
 
 " (uj : Washin.nton. 
 "Trentown ( 
 
 :{1 Deer 177(i" j 
 
 This document, whieh is a sheet S-xlO inches, was oriiiinally folded thi'oui^h the center in 
 hotli directions, making: a small, compact parcel. This leads to a supposition that it may have heen 
 i^ivi'n to an e.Npi'ess rider, who read it to the people of the Stati' as he went alont;'. The active 
 stimulus of the liattle of Ti'cnton was thus matei-i.ally increased hy a ]iei-sonal message fi-om the 
 Commander-in-Chief, and its elt'ect must have heen to have niatei-ially aided the cause of tlu^ 
 Colonies. Whatevci- may have heen the uses to which the doeunieut was put, it was returned in 
 due time to (icneral W.ishinLiton, where it was found anion'j hi> pi'i\ate papers. 
 
CHAPTER VII. 
 
 THE ATTK:*riTS TO MAKK TliKXTOX THE SEAT OK THP: 
 FEDERAL ( loVERNMEN'T. 
 
 The Pma'AHATiiiNs in ITSo fok, a Permanent Cai>ital— Concress Meets in Trextox, ox tiik 
 SITE OF the .Mechanics National Bank BriLDiX(;, in 1784 — Trenton Selected, hut 
 Congressional Action Defeated by the South — Land Speculation— The Comrromise 
 
 Bet\vi-:en New England and the South — (Ieneral Lafayette's Two \'isits to Ti;enton 
 
 The City the Temuorakv Cai'ital of the UNurED States in IT'.M) — Trenton ALmvEs an 
 Offer ix LSUL 
 
 ljl)I'(>N tlir site of tlic ^[ccliniiics Xational l'>:uik liuililini.'. din-iiii,' tlic Aiiicrii-an 
 
 licvolutioH, stood tlic Bla/.iiii; Slai- ta\rrn, rmiarkalilc as tlir nici-tiiii:-|ilacc of 
 
 tlic Congress of the Confcilcration. liy virliic of the cxiLTciicics of war, the wliinis 
 
 or conYcniencL's of its nicmlicrs, or tlic inlliicucr lirouulit to licar l)v localities, 
 
 ('(inj.'rcss drifted from one place to anotliir, Dicriint;- iiioslly in I'liilailel|iliia ;iiiii 
 
 /^ Ni'W 'i'ork. However, at tlie close of the Itevoliit ion, or in.liinc, 1 7^-">, |ire|iai-a- 
 
 pAjX) tions were hail to select what was called a " |ierinaiieiil residence" for Confircss, 
 
 (fy\ (s ''-^ a|)|ioiiitini: the Hi'st Monday of the following: ( )etoher to take into eonsii lent ion 
 
 vJ such offers as miiiht he jnaile from as]jiian,!.' towns. .Iinie l^th thi' Leiiislalurc of 
 
 New Jersey a;:rccd to olTer to yield to the United States jurisdiction over any district to the extent 
 
 of twenty s(iuarij miles, and to yraiit ,c;i(),(XXJ in specie for the purchase of lands and the erection 
 
 of huililinj^s. 
 
 Tlic result of Conp:ressional action in Oetoher was to negative all the ofTers of th(> various States. 
 On the seventh of Octol)er, Mr. Gcri-y. of .Massachusetts, for whom the ]iolitical device known as 
 the "(Gerrymander" is named, moved "that huildiuL's for the use of Confrress he erected on tlie 
 banks of the Delaware^ near Trenton, or of the Potomac near Cieorgctown." .\niendnients left only 
 the names of the rivei-s, and a linal resolution that the site stiould lie "near the Falls " — that is, 
 near 'i'renton on the New Jerscv side, or in Pennsvh'ania on tin' o])posite hank. .V c(innnittee of 
 five was a]ipointc<l to view the respective situations and report to Congress. 
 
 At this time hesran to apjiear those sectional jealousies and strifes which culminated in the War 
 for Seeession. in the selection of any town north of .Ma-on and Di.xon's line, the Southern States 
 felt that their claims for recognition wen; heing slighted. As a matter of fact, the Journals of Con- 
 gress show that up<in the day after the a]ipointment of the coinmittee, .a motion was madi- to 
 reconsider the pi-oceedings, "in order to fix on some other ]ilaee that shall he more central, more 
 favorable to the Cnion, and shall a]iproaeh nearer to that justice which is due to tlu! Soutliern 
 States." This failed of its |iurposc. 
 
 -New l'ai'_dand favoreil Trenton, hut the resolutions offered by the Southi'rn mendiers show that 
 
 they were solicitous concerning the growing ])olitica] and economic importance of th(; North, and 
 
 were bent on securing part of the honor of the young Re|>ublic. Madison wrote to R;uidolpii, on 
 
 October l.'Uh, ITcSo : " Trcutou was ne.xt proposed, on which ([uestiou tlie votes were dividid by 
 
 G 
 
50 TIIK CI TV OF TllENTON. 
 
 the river J)rla\varc. The vicinity of its falls is to hecuiuu the fiiluru si'at of tliu Federal Goveru- 
 iiieiit, unless a conversion of some of the Eastern States can be efYcctcd." 
 
 Now came the resolutions proviilinjr for a com|)romise capital, one on the Delaware, the other 
 on the Potomac. an<l until the liuil<lini:s were erecteil. Congress should meet alternatelv at Trenton 
 and Aniia])olis. In I )fcciulier, 17''^''5, in olx'dienee to the resolution, Congress met at Annapolis, 
 wlu'ro the <iUestion conci'rning a Federal city was again discussed. Francis Moi»kinson, of IJorden- 
 town, in his " rntelligence K.xtraorilinary,"' described the new nieelianisui of government as a 
 pendulum vibrating between Annapolis and 'I'l-cntou. 
 
 In the nn'antinu', tlie citizens of Trenton were active. Dr. David Cowcll, who died l)ecend)er 
 bSth, 17S;>, left ClOO to Congress "if they settle tliemselves at bamberton," which the "New 
 Jei'sey Gazette" of that period annnvuiccs as probably tli<' lirst legacv' ever given to the Cnited 
 States. DiU'ing .\ugust. 17^1. to the .N'cw .lersey Council was presented a memorial from John 
 Cox and associates, citizens of New .lersey and Pennsylvania, jiraying ten miles square might 
 be laid out on the Delaware. (Hall.) 
 
 It was on the lirst of Xovendier, \7>^\. that Congress met in Trenton. Tn si.K weeks, Soutli 
 Carolina moved for adjoiu'iunent, and e\ery elTort was made tu have the alternate se.ssion arrange- 
 ment l'cpeale(l. 
 
 The N'ordicni members lirld their grounil, vote(l SIOO.ODO for buildin'.:~ and on the twenty- 
 third of |)eccmbcr an oi'iliiunice wa.- introduci'd, as follows : 
 
 "/>'(■ if iinhtiiKiJ III/ l/ii: I'liiUil Sillies^ in ('niij/rrA'i (tsxcinhliil. That the i'es<ilut ions of the 2IHh 
 instant. r<>specting the ert'cting of buildings for the iisi' of c(int;i-e--. be ciiri'iid into clTrct without 
 delay ; that for this purpose threi' con^llis^ione|■s be appointed, witli full power to lay out a district 
 not less than two, iku- exceeding three miles S(|uare on the liaid<s of eitlu'r siile of the Delaware, 
 not more than eight miles alio\c or belnw tln' lower fall< thereof, for a federal town : that they be 
 authorized to purchasi' the soil, ur sui'li pai't of it as they may judgi' necessary, to be paid at pro))er 
 instalments; to I'ntei- into conti'aets for erecting and completing, in an I'legant manner, a federal 
 house for the accommodation df congri'ss, and for the t'Xecutive ollicers thereof ; a house for th(; use 
 of the president of Congress, and suitable buildings for the i-esidenee of the secretary of foreign 
 alVairs, secretary at war, secretary of Congress, secretary of the marine, and ollicers of the treasury ; 
 that the said connnissioiiers be empowered to di-aw on the treasury of the I'nited States for a sum 
 not exceeding one lumdi'i'd thousand dollars for tli<' pui-pose aforesaid ; that in choosing a situation 
 for the imildings. due i-igard be had to the accummodation of the states with lots for houses for the 
 use of their di'legates respectively; that on the '.iltli day of December instant, congress stand 
 adjoiu'iied to meet at the city of New ^'ol■k, on the lltli day of Jamiary following." 
 
 The Scuith fought this plan, but the ordinance was linally adopteil. Congress a'Ijourne(l on 
 the day after the decision, having aekiiow led^ied the attentions of the J,egislature of the State and 
 the exertions of the iidiabitants of the town in pro\'iding the miMubers with accomm<idations. 
 (jougress met in .\ew ^'ork on the eleventh of .lantiarv. l!y the middle of Feliruary, 1785, the three 
 Commissioners were chosen, beting Philip Schuyli'r, of .New York : Philemon Dickinson and Robert 
 Morris. Upon Mr. Schuyler's declining, .Fohn llrown w.as put in his place. Xoin' of these were 
 members of Congress. .Mr. Dickinson w.as an inhabitant of Trenton, residing at the "" Ilcrnntage." 
 a miliM)r so west of the town, and Mr, .Morris had an estate on the opposite side of the Delaware, 
 now the town of Morrisville, named for the eminent " Financier of the Revolution."" 
 
 Land speetdation became a factor in the problem, and the following ailvertiscment ("New 
 Jersey Ciazette," ]\Iay, 1785) shows the feeling of the tiiue- : 
 
 Joseph Higbee ofl'ers for sale "a valuable tract of land, contaiiung three hundred acres, 
 situate within three nnles of Trenton, in the county of iUirlington and town-hi]i of Nottingham, 
 and within a mile of Lamberton, where it is I'Xpected the Federal town will be built."" 
 
 'i'he personal inlluence of General Washington was brought to bear to crush the Trenton capital 
 plan. On the eighth of |-"ebru.irv, 17>>'), he wrote from Mount \'ernon to Itichard llemy Lee, 
 President of Congress, " By the time yotu- Fi'dcral buildings on the baidcs of the Delawai'c, along 
 the [loint of a triangle, are lit for the reception of Congress, it will be found that they are very 
 improperly placeil foi- the seat of the emi)ire, and will have to umlergo a second erection in a more 
 convinient one." 
 
THE CITY OF 'l'n]':.\TON. 
 
 51 
 
 On .\|iiil ■'>tli, \~X'i. (Ik lii'sl :i]>|iici|]i-ialiuii \i> the ('(iiniiiissioiicrs was callccl to|-iiv tlirCcmi- 
 iiiittrr 111' Sii|i]iliis — •• Fiilcial I'.uililiiiirs, .^.'lO, ()(.)()." .Mi'. Oraysdu, cf \'iri;inia, iiiuvcil its rrfusal, 
 liiit lir was ii\cTnili'il. 'I'lini, on niutiini nf Mi-. I'inrkncy, that vnti' was rrcDnsiiliTiMl. ami tlii' 
 iviinrt was i-fc(ininiittc(l. llcrr tin/ niatti-r vcstrd until tlif twcnty-sci-nnd of Sc|itrinliri-, wlirii tin- 
 a|i|)ro|iriation of S.'JO.OOI) coniin;:- lii'f..n' tlir House, .Mr. (Icn-y inovnl to niakc it tin- w lioli' sinii (jf 
 61(.)U,()UU. Jii the nii'antiinr, the a( tion of tlic Sonthci-n mnnliri-s had so inlluinc-id ( 'oii'.:rcss tliat 
 
 none of the States except .Nhissachusetts and Xew -lersey voteil for it ; ',i|ion wliieh, ( lotion of 
 
 Mr. Hardy, of Virginia, the item was entirely stricken out of the hill. Thus ilied the project tu 
 make Trenton the ('ai)ital of the United States, and the lila/.iiig Star tavern, where the dehates took 
 jdace, lapses into history. 
 
 It is of further interi'st to kno\v that in accordance with the Constitution of 17^7. which con- 
 tained a ]irovision im]ilyini!- that the scat of L:ii\eininenl should lie pl.ii-cil in a district " not cxceerjint,^ 
 ten miles sipiare," Xew .Ici'scy aLiaiu made an otlcr. The convention of .\c\\ .lerscv whiili ratilied 
 the ( 'on^titution recommended to the j.euislatnri' to cntia- into the conipctiliou for the capital, whi(di 
 they did hy a liill, Septcndiei' Dth, 17>i.^, olTeiauii the rccpiisili' ten'ilorv. 
 
 1 n Scptendier, 17>^'-*, .Mr. l-^has IJoudinot, in the lIoUM'of i;cpi'cscnt!ili\-es, once more proposed 
 '•'tile hanks of cither side of the ri\er l)clawai'e, not nan'c than eii;ht mih's ahove oi' hclow the 
 lower falls." It failed I ly a vote of four to forty-six. 
 
 I'nfortuuatcly, the suliscciuent histoiy of the selec- 
 tion of a capital for the Cnited States was undonhtedK- 
 a (|Uestion of harter. The North and South compro- 
 nnsed on national assumption of dehts and a site foi- 
 theca|iital, the S<inth consent in^ to cciitrali/.inu' schemes 
 of financierim;' and the North voted for the Potomac 
 
 .\n incident of the session of Congress in Trenton 
 durin.ij; the fall and early A\intci- of I7>^4 was the \isit of 
 the ^[anplis i\i' l>afa\'ette. who ari'i\'ed here flom the 
 South on Tliui'sda\-. the tenth of l)cceinlicr, and vi>ilcd 
 Congri'ss ne.xt da\'. .V i-onLiressional connnittcc of one 
 from ea(di State, of which Mi-, .lay was <'hairni.-in, 
 received the .Mai-ipii,- in the ('om/ress chamlier. lie 
 was assured that Conn'i-ess continued to cntirlain the 
 same hiirh sense of his ahilities and zeal to promote the 
 welfare of .\m erica, hotli lici-c and in Fnropc, w hich they 
 have fre((iu-ntly e.x|)r<'ssed .-nid manifested on foi-mcr 
 occasions, and whi(-h the ri-ceni marks of his attention 
 to their commei-(-ial and other intcn-sts have perf(-(-tly 
 (-ontirmed. .\s his uniform and unceasing' attachment 
 to this country has resemhled that of a patriotic citizen, 
 
 the I'nited States would evei' regard him 'vitli partii'ulai' alTcction. and wo\ild not cease to feel an 
 interest in whatever may concern his honor and pros[ierity, and Ih.-it their hest and kindest wishes 
 will always attend him. 
 
 To tlie-e sentiment^ ( li'Ucral Lafayette responded in a wel I -chosen address. The Legislature of 
 New Jersey was in session in 'I'rcnton. and the nieiidiers, througli ( lovernor William Livingston, 
 President of Council, and P>enjannn \'an ('le\c, Spe.dar of the House, also presioited an address to 
 ( ieiH'ral Lata vctte. 
 
 Jn 1.S24, forty years after this 'l"rentt)n eclel)ration, General r.afayelle relurneil to the United 
 States. In his tour he arrived in Ti'enton on Saturday, the twenly-lifth of SeplcndnT. Next 
 morning he attended puhlic worship in the church ; afterward he visited Joseph lionaparte, at 
 i'.ordeiitown, and returned to spend the night. lie hrcakfasted here a.gain July Hith, IS-J."). 
 
 President .Moin'oe (who was wounded in the hattle of Trenton), on his tour of 1S17, arrived 
 liere on Saturday, Jime 7t)i, and attended wcir>hip the nexi day in the I'n'.shyterian church. 
 
 In 17'.!'.), Trenton had the honor of again hecoming the seat of tlie national government. Tlie 
 yi-Uow fever hail almost deciniate<l Philailelphia, in cousei|nenee whereof the Secretary of the Navy 
 urged President .\rlains to follow liis Cahinet, remarking that " the oMieers arc all now at this place, 
 
 w'-i ^' ^ 
 
 1/ n. W/ ]m'- 
 
 \\ I \\\i L]\|N sr N <_ \ I UN K, 1776-90. 
 
r,2 
 
 TIIK CITY OF TRENTON. 
 
 and not liaiUy aeroniniodatcil." Tlir I'ri'sidciit was reluctant to conic. lie had written in 1797 of 
 the "]winful e.\perieiiee" liy wliicii he had learnerl that Congrcsf- could not find "even tolerahlc 
 accommodation" here. However, he pnimised to lto \>y tiic middle of Octoher, submissively 
 assurinir his corresi)ondcnt, " 1 can and will put up with my private secretary and two domestics 
 only, at tlie first tavern iir lirst pi'ivate house I can lind." He arriveil (in the tenth, and on the 
 next day was ^reeled witii lirewnrks. He found "the inhahitants of Trenton wniu^iit up to a 
 ])itch of political enthusi.isni tiiat siu'prised him," in tiie ex])eetation that i.ouis .Will. wi>uld \h: 
 soon restored to the throne of i'^-an<'e. ( " Worlvs of .lolni .\daiiis," \dls. 11. , \'ii.. IX.) .\dams 
 had at this time a conference of six clays with llanulton and other memhers of his Cabinet before 
 tlioy coulil aiiree on the French husiness. (liandall's ''Life of -Icffersoii. " vol. 11.. p]). 496-8.) 
 The above citations are made fi-om Hall's "History of the I'resliytcriaii Church." 
 
 Tlie linal attempt made by Trenton to be erected into the seat of (rovernmcnt was made upon 
 i)eccndier 2d, bsOl, when the House resolved unanimously, "•that the members re]irescntin<; this 
 state, in the ('oni^ress of the I'nitcd States, \>v and they arc hereby rcipic>ti>d, if Conj^ress shmdd 
 resolve to move, foi' the purpose of better accommodation, from the cit\' of \Va,shin<;ton, to tise 
 their best etforts to procuri' their removal to the city of Trcutou ; and they are hereby authorized 
 to ])rolVer, in the name of this state, the State House ami other puMic buildings Ijclonginu; to th(? 
 state for the use of conirress and tln'ir oflicers, for any liaitrth of time that the congress shall wish 
 to occupv them, and that his exeellencv, the governor, be reipicstcd to transmit n copy of this 
 resolution to the members of t'ongress from this state, to be used bv them as occasion ma\' olfcr.'' 
 
 
CHAPTEIi YITT. 
 
 WASIIIXCTOX'S ItKCKITlOX IIV THE I'KOI'I.K ()F \K\V .IKKSKV IX 17s;i. 
 
 The CoNSTITITIn.NAL (ll i\- i:i: \ M IC.NT EsTAHLISII ICD AM) W ASH I \l ;T( l\ I'.KCdMKS 1 'UKSI DKNT — I 1 K 
 
 Leaves Aijcxamihia, ami his Phh.ahkli'hia Wei.i ome— I lis Ahvent in 'Pi,m:m(in and the 
 
 PkEPARATIIINS for his RecEI'TIOX TunsE wild TnnK I'aiIT 'I'ilEKElN W ASH I Nc ,Tu\' s l.ETTEK 
 
 — Trextox Commemorates the Death ok (Iexeiiai. Wasimxhtox — ISenmamix IIakhisox, 
 OxE liuxHREii Years after, Follows ix thio Fooistioi's of \\'asiiix(.tox — Ai'tiox of 'ihe 
 New Jersioy IIistorhal Society. 
 
 ■^j^^^ I!I'^X'1'( )X"S ]i:ii't in till' Aim ric-.iii Itcxdliilioii is i-cinlcnil doiilih- iiiti-rrsliiii.' liv 
 
 \ vii'tnc of sulisi'(|iii'iit events. The ihiiieen Colonies, in the :iilo|ition of tlu' Coii- 
 
 f stitntion, threw nsiile their soverei^'nty ami lieeaine (he I'nitecl Slates, whose first 
 
 I'l'esiileiit Avas (leoi-Li'e Washinu'ton. In ITTli, (ieneral Washinulon hail tnrneil the 
 
 "^T^^ ^''''' "' hattle. ami ill \7S\), ujnin the sixth of .\|iril, the .\nieriean Coiiijrcss 
 ^te) ileclareil him to he the Chief Kxeeutive of the infant nation. In ohcdiencc to 
 the (lenianils of his eoimtry. the hero of the Kevolntiim left his plantation on the 
 hanks of the I'otoinae to miiile tlic civil government anil assume new duties as the 
 Father of his Country. His |iriit;ress northward from Alexandria was marked hy 
 siiontaneiius demonstrations of |io|iular alVectioii. Ovations at all the lar<.'e towns 
 testified to the fjratitude of the eiti/ens of \'irL'inia, Maryland and i'ennsylvania. New Jersey, 
 whose soil had lieen reddened with the hlund of )iatriots, outvied her iieii.diliors in her enthusiasm. 
 The news that Ceiieral \\'ashinL:ton was tlie L.oiest of the City Tavern, in l'hilai|el|ihia, upon the 
 afternoon of Ajiril 2()tli, altraeled many .lerseymeii to tln' metropolis of the Delaware Valley and 
 prepared the way for a welcome, truly royal, which New Jersey gave hiiu upon the following day. 
 The event is thus descrilied hy (liaieral Stryker : 
 
 "Aliout ten o'clock on the morning of .\]iril "ilst, ITSO, lie left I'liiladelphia in the midst of a 
 disagreealile rain. He was now riding in a close carriage, having as his companions IJeutenanl- 
 Colonel David Hnmplireys, an aide-de-cam]i on his stall' during the war and for sonu' months a 
 mem her of his ii\\n lioiisehold at .Mount \'crnoii. and Mr. Charles Thomson, the Secretary of the 
 Lite Continental Congress, 'i'lic Philadelphia 'i'roop of Light Horse escorted llicni heyond liie 
 limits of the city. 
 
 " It wa.s nliout two o'clock that day when th(> carriag(> arrived at the old stone ferry-house at 
 Colvin's FeiTV, now Moirisvillc Here I'atrick Colviii, the owner of the ferry, took charge of the 
 Presidential jiarly and ]ierson.illy ferried them over the Delaware river. At the Trenton landing, 
 near the tavern of Rensselaer Williams, thi- party was met l>y (ieneral Philemon Dickinson, 
 Major Piichard Howell, afterward (lovernor of the State, Ilev. James F. Armstrong, Chief Justice 
 David Hrearlev. Dr. Israel Smith and other leading I'ilizeiis of Trenton. He was greeted also 
 liy 'an admiring concourse' of the iidiahitants of ISloomshury and I.amhcrton, who liad gathered 
 on the river hank. Captain Pernard Hanlon's hattery (ire<l a .salute, and tiic troop of jior.se. 
 commanded hy Captjiin Isaac (Xule, tlie light infantry eompanie.s uf Captain Hanior, Captain 
 
THE VVYY OF TRENTON. 
 
 .Mmin, ('a|itaiu Ahraliain ("layponl ami Caiitaiii Alliniiarlu t'oUiiis. ruriiii-il tlic i-seorting culuinii 
 intn the villain' of Trenton, (iencral AVasliin^ton ami lii.s suite Iktc inimntcd Imrses preparc(l fur 
 tlu'in, ami in this niannc-r prDrccilcil up tlir i'^crry mail and tlirnc-c tciwanl tlir hriduc over the 
 As.sunjiink crfck. 
 
 '' The cDlunni stalled IVuni the I'erry at just three u'eloek, anil the I'ullnwini: was the (ircler of 
 the proeessidU : 
 
 " I'arty nf 1 lorse. 
 
 '•The ia.uht lutantry. 
 
 "Mis Jv\celleuey nn hcirsehaek, attended hy Mr. Secretary Thnnisnii and Cohinel Humphreys. 
 
 ••The Li.-lit Horse,' 
 "Till' (iiiitlenieii of the town and neiLihhorhood <in h' iiseliaek. 
 ''At the hl'idli'e over the ereek thi' ladies of TreUlou liinl formed a plan to testifv to ( ieneral 
 W'ashinuton their appreciation of his noMe deeds and the lo\-e whieh the whole nation fell for its 
 
 LH'eat deli\'el'el'. Here he liad eaptUl'ed a hod V of liessian 
 niei'eenai'ie^. inidei' Colonel Itall. who had done all that 
 
 had men could do to injure the 'j: 1 |ieople of the 
 
 .lei'sevs. ( )n this verv spot he had withstood for hom's 
 the advance of tlie llritish. and aftia'wai'd had ]ierfornied 
 one of the masterly movements of the war. Durim,' 
 these eventful t W 1 1 Wei'ks he had nearly freed the entire 
 State of an insolent foe. In iirateful meinoi'v of the 
 sueeessf\ll issue of the i!e\'ohlti< Pliary stiamille, the ladies 
 prepared for Washington a iceeption which was |ieculiar 
 in the L;iiod taste displa\cd. and which ceilainlv was 
 ,_ inten~el\- i:i-atif\-ini;' to him. 
 
 ^y'f^N ■•On the north side of the hi-id-e an arch ahout 
 
 /I'-Vjil^^ twenty feet IiIliIi was l-.aiseil, supported on one side hy 
 
 se\-en and on the otliei' hy six pillars. The arch was nearly 
 
 twent\' feet wide and aliout tweh'e feet in IcULltll. Each 
 
 of the thirteen ])illars was entirely coverc(l with masses 
 
 of i'\(rL;i'cens and wi'eaths of laurel, and the arches ahove 
 General I'liiletnuu Dul^insou ,' , ■ , i • i i , • i i 
 
 wei'c eloselv twnieii aiiout With the same inatenal, and 
 
 festooned inside with loUi: ropes of laurel and the llowcrs of early sprini;. On the s<iutli side of 
 
 the archway, the side which lirst a|ipe.-ired to the I'resiilcnl iai parts', an insci'i|ition in laruc gilt 
 
 letters on a hliic ground was fasteiii'd. and l>e:iutifiill\' ornamented with llowcr,- : 
 
 'iiii': ni:ri;Nhi;i! of tin-; Moiin:i;s wii.i. la: riii; I'KorKCToK ay tiik nArniiTioHs.' 
 
 ".Miove this arch was a circlet of laurels and llowers, wreathing the dates of those two event.s 
 just rcferrc'd to : 
 
 ' Di^eeniher 2(\, 17711 — .Tamiarv 2, 1777.' 
 
 "On the top of this mass of evergreens was .-i laige siinllower. which was intended to 
 emhlemi/.c the .\mericaii jieople. wlio turned toward him as the c.mly Sun which would give lifi' 
 and wai'iiith to (he Imrlv politic. 
 
 "The structure had Immu erected the day ]irevious hy workmen in charge of Benjamin Yard, 
 and the ladies had hci'U husy all the morning putting in position the wreaths and eiiihlems which 
 they liad with such taste prepared. ISeiieatli this arch Ociicr.il Washington must ]iass to enter 
 Trenton. 
 
 "As he came to the high ground on Mill Hill, some two humlrcil yarils helow the (a'ei'k, the 
 lieautiful triumphal arch appeareil. Uut as he passed through the archway with uncovered head 
 a still more lovely sight greeted him. On the one side of the arch he .saw si.K little girls dressed in 
 white carrying haskets of llowers : on the other side, thirteen young ladies to reiiresent tlie several 
 States, who weri' ilressed in a similar style, and also had liaskcts lilli'd with Ihuvers. l]eliiiid all 
 these a numher of the matrons of the town and neighhoring villages. 
 
THE CITY OF TRENTON. 55 
 
 "As ^\'asllini:■tull cutri-cil the ardi the six lilllr ;;ii-ls lici^aii In <\\\<^ a lirautirul mlc which liad 
 l)een writtrn liy Majm- Itidianl Ilu\vcll, ami which, under {\[r insli-iiction i>( [\vv. James !■". 
 Arnistrdiig, they jicrtuniicil with c\(|uisitc sweetness : 
 
 " W elcdnie, nii^ht V ( 'hiel' ! (ilice lIKH'e 
 W'elcdllle I" this L:fatefnl shnre ! 
 Xiiw no nicreiaiai'v fnc 
 Aims a,L:ain the fatal hlow — 
 Aims at tliei; the fatal l)l(i\v. 
 
 " N'iriiins fair, ami Matmns t;i'a\ c, 
 'I'lmse thy ci)Ui|nei'inu' arms did save, 
 lluild for thee tl'imn|ihal how el'S, 
 Strew, ye fail-, his way with llowcrs — 
 Strew yoiii- Hero's way with llowers 1 
 
 "The til'st four lines were >nn;,: iiy hotli matron- and yiHini; ladies, the youm; ladies saiiLT the 
 fifth line, the matrons the lirst [jai't and the yoiim;- ladies tlic last |iai-t of the sixth lin<', then hoth 
 sang the next two lines, the matrons the ninth, the young ladies the tenth line. 
 
 i3 .i^^o")^- ^^ 
 
 1 •■•\' 
 
 
 i^ 
 
 
 \V.\SIIINc:Tf>N'.S Ul-:C]:i'Tlo.N- .\t 'rilK.NXnN. 
 
 \NN 
 
 " His horsi' paced slowly through the arch, and as the last two lines of the ode were sung the 
 pathway was strewn with llowers hy the young ladies and little girls. (u'Ueral Washington howed 
 fve([Uontly on eithei- side in res]Kinse to thi- novi'l giveting. and his deep emotion could not in tlie 
 least he <-oiicealcd. 
 
 " From all tin- information which could he ohtained from one of the ]iarticiitants in this n'c<'p- 
 tion who was living in the vear 1S.")(), fi-om one who died in I'stil ami anotlna- in \X~\, from ntiiers 
 who rcmemlMr to have seen it. and from tradition in the faunlics of Trenton, it is helievcil tliat tlie 
 following wore the matrons who assomhled at the house of .lames Fwing, now the southwest corner 
 of I'road and r,afavetti' streets, and who tool< chaige of the heautiful ceremonies on that oci-asion : 
 
 ".Mrs. Susannah .\rinstrong. Mrs. .Mary IJordcu. .Mrs. Susannah Calhoun. Mrs. Klizahclh 
 Ch.imI.ers Mr-, l^sther Cox. .Mis. Mary Dickinson. Mrs. IClizahetli Ewing, Mrs. Sarah Furnian, 
 .Ml-. Su-annah Cordon. Mi>. .Mary Ilanna, Mrs. Sarah How. Mrs. Kc/iah 1!. Howell, .Mrs. Mary 
 Hunt, .Mrs. I'lsther l.owrey, Mrs. Sarah Milnor, .\rrs. .\nn Kicliinond, Mrs. .Mary Smith, Mrs. 
 Rachel Stevens, Mrs. Annis Stockton, Mrs. Catherine Stockton, .Mrs. Jane Tate and Mrs. (!rac<' 
 
56 
 
 THE (ITV OF THENTOX. 
 
 W'uodi'ulf. The tliirtwn yminj; ladies \vlio rcpresentL'd the States were Miss Eleaiujr Annstronfr, 
 Miss Eliza])eth Borden, Miss Elizabeth Cadwalader, Miss Catherine Callidun, Miss P^sther fox, Miss 
 Mary Cox, Miss Mary Dickinson, Miss Maria Fnrnian, Miss Mary C. Keen, Miss Mary Lowrey, 
 i\[iss Maria Mereilith, Miss Sanih Moore and Miss Margaret Tate. The six little L'irls wlm sanj: the 
 ode of welcome were Miss Sarah Airy, Miss .IcniinKi llroadhurst, ^liss Sarah Cullins, Miss Sarah 
 IIow, Miss Sarah 15. Howell and Miss Elizaheth Mihior. After the tribute of respect at the arch- 
 way, tile escort jiroceeded to Samuel Ili^nry's City Tavern, on the southwest corner of Secon<l and 
 Warren streets, where (iencral W'ashinLrtim dined with the |ii'inii|,:i| citizens of the place and held a 
 receptiiiii in the ]iarlors of the inn. 
 
 ■"Late ill the afternucui he tmik cari'lan'c fur I'riiicctuii, the \[i\. Mr. .VrinstnuiLr accdmpaiiying 
 him that far on his jduriicy. It is ;^'cnerally umlcrstood that they spent that iii.Lrlit at the residence 
 (]f tlie President of the i-ollei.'e. the \[rv. l)r. .Idhii W'itherspoi in. 
 
 '■ Durini; the afternoon a e<ipv df the sunt: with which the httle nirls had L'reeted iiini at liie 
 Trent (111 lirid''e hail iiccn t;ivcii liiin. and he handed ,M i'. . V in ist rout: that even ii it: the t'ollnwintf letter : 
 
 a^ 
 
 tX,C.' 
 
 y^^ ATX^^T^ ^^t^ fo-^ <:C^S^^,c.^«- y^Lr;!^ ^^^x^eS^ A-.<i/^ 
 
 
 'sy-^ 
 
THE CITY OJ'^ TRENTON. 
 
 57 
 
 "This letter was read tlir lullnwiiii;- att<Tiioiiii at an assciiililaiic uf tlic ' \vliitc-nil)cil i-lidir ' at 
 the rosiilenct' nf Dr. Isaac Smiih, mi Kin,;;-, now W'arrrn, strct-t, llie iiri,i„Tty nnw covered liv the 
 American Hotel. 
 
 [The letter, heinu' afterward printed and each lady receiving' a <-o|iy, was jiresiTveil in the 
 original in the families of Dr. Smith, Chief .histice Ewini:- and the itcv. Dr. .\rnistroiii;.] 
 
 "Leavin-- Princeton. ( Icneral Washin.u'ton met William Livingston, t lie War ( iovernor (jf the 
 State, and they rode on to Woodhrid.ue, where they spent the night, it is .ueiierally thoutrht, at .John 
 ^Manniiin's inn. 
 
 ■■On the mornin,<;- of Tlnirsday, .\pril 2od, a nnmher of military com))anies marched to 
 
 liridiictown, lower IJalnvay. and, witli a coiisideralile iiumlier of the <iti/.eiis <if the iieidiliorl 1, 
 
 UK't theOeneral and escorted him into Isli/.ahctli Town. \\ here he ' reci'i\-ed .a feileral salutation.' 
 After a po]i\ilar recepliou, he recei\id a committic of ( 'on.i;ress at the home of tiie Hon. Elias 
 ISolidiiiot and theiKc repaired to l']li/,aliith Town I'oiiit. attended li\- a vast concourse of ueonle. 
 He then rcvii'Wed the escortiiiL;' troops and took lea\i' of the partv of .Icrsevnien. 
 
 "With tlie Congressional Coimuitti'e, witli whom wei-c Colonel Humphreys and .Mr. Thonipsem, 
 at liigh iiooii he entereil a large Imat elegantly adorned, 
 and maniieil hy tliirfeeii skillful pilots of the harlior. Tlii'\' 
 Were all dressed in white sailor costume. 
 
 "A large numlii r of smaller Koats. haudsoineh- fes- 
 tooned. aciMimpaiiied liiiii. l"'lags wia'c ll\iiig from e\'ei'v 
 vessel in the hay. With \ocal and inst i imieiital music, 
 with the discharge of artillery and the loud welcome 
 of the pcojilc. he reached Muriay's wharf, now Wall 
 street, in the city of Nc\\ York, lietwi'cn two and three 
 o'clock in the afternoon. Mere he was rcciaxcil liv 
 George Clinton, the (ioxcrnor of the Sl.atc. .and llichard 
 Varick, the Mayor of the city, and on ,\pril :')iltli Im' was 
 inaugurated fi|-st I'residelit of the rnited Sl.ates." 
 
 It is of especial interest to I'ec.all the occasion of the 
 death of (icneral \\'a<liington, in which Trenton was 
 deeply interested. Dr. -lolni Hall, ill his histoiy, states 
 that a ]iulilic coinmiaiioiatioii thereof was ohscrved in 
 Trenton on the foiutecnlli of .laniiaiy, IMK). Uy invita- 
 tion of the (eivcnior and Ma\dr. with the I'ev. Messrs. 
 Hunter. \\'addell .iiid .\iin^lroiig, on hcli.ilf of tlii' citi- 
 zens, President Smith deli\ered the oration, and it was 
 jmhlished. The late Dr. .lohnsoii, of .Xcwhiirgh, who 
 was thi-n ill collegi', relates in his .\ iitohiograpli v (edited liy Dr. Carnahan, lS")())that a large 
 
 numlHa- of students walked fr I'riiiceton to hear the oration. .\ procession was formed opposit<' 
 
 the Ejiiscojial ilinrch. from which a liiia- was carried, pri'cedcil hy the clergy, and all passed to the 
 State House, whia-e the ceremonies were performed. .\\ a certain staii/a in <iiie of the eh^giac 
 songs, "eight heaiitiful girls, of ahoiil ten years of age, drcssi'd in white rohes and hlaek sashes, 
 with baskets on their arm- lilleil with sprigs of cypress, rose from heliind tlie Speaker's seat," and 
 strewed the cypress on the mock eollin. 
 
 One hundre<l years after (Icneral Washington pa.sst'd through Treiiloii on the way to his 
 inauguration, Ueiijamin Harrison, President of the I'liited States, followed in turn the route taken 
 hy his predecessor. .V s]iecial train of parlor cars conveyed the President anil distinguished giusts 
 from the Capital of the I'nited States to .\'cw Vork. \ change of plans lU'cessilateil tin' ahaudon- 
 nient of a popular reception in Trenton, and the train passed through the town to EhzalM'tli, wiiere 
 President Harrison was the guest of the late ( lovenior liohcrt Stockton Creeii. .\ truly royal 
 welcome awaited the successor of (icneral Wasliiugtoii, and there th<' enthusiasm and palriolism of 
 all New Jersey found its expression. 
 
 To conimeniorate this event, the New Jersey Historical Society, upon the occasion of its liftielh 
 anniver.sary, in May, LSI)'), presented President Harrison with a mcilal of superior heauty and 
 workmaasiiip, being tendered OU the jiart of tlie S(j(;iety by President i^r'M, of Rutgers. PresicU'nt 
 
 
58 
 
 THE CITY OF TI'vENTON. 
 
 Scott ill his addiTss s])i)k(.' of tlic part New Jersey had j)layed in the fdriiiatidii of tlie Constitution. 
 One of the few States to send ileleLjates to the Annapolis eon\iiilion, from wiueh res\ihed the plan 
 of a more perfect union, it was noteworthy that '".lames Madison sketi-heil the national plan. 
 William I'aterson claimed and sectu'ed throULih the tem[iorary .lersi'v plan the ])ermanent and ecpial 
 recoi;nition of the States, ami Oliver I''llswoi-tli cleareil the way for the hlendinti plan in which the 
 hriiilitest lite of each of these forces is eondilioinMl upon (he welfai'e of the other. James .Madison 
 and Oiixcr l^llsworth received their first lessons in stateci'aft at the knee of Princeton inothi'r." 
 
 The medal is of solid ,i:'old, made hy TilTany. The face hears tlu' likeness of (oMiriic W'asli- 
 iuLiton. The reverse contains words of advice fr(an Washiniitoii and emlileins of the society and 
 the seal of the society. The ollicei-s of the society ai'c : I'ri'^ident, Dr. Samuel 11. Peiminiiton ; \'ice 
 Presidents, (_!enei-al William S. Stiykci-. Rev. Dr. (Jeo|-<i'eS. .Mott. .hiiiathan W. Hoherts ; I.ihrarian 
 and Treasurer, lion. l-"i-eilerick W. Uicoi'd ; Corresponilinn' Secretary. William Xelson ; Kei-ording 
 Secretarv, lamest i'l t'oc. 
 
CHAl'TEU [X. 
 
 so:\fE iv\i;ly D^scijip'rioxs of 'riiKXTox. 
 
 TiiK, JoritNAL (IF ^\'ll,I.lAM Imimimisox — Till: Li:Tri:i; of Maiii.hn Sr\rv — SMrrifs 1 )i;sri;ii'riii.\ 
 — TnK Ti;a\-i:i.s (if M\i;ijiis di; CiiAsTin.Fi x — l'i;ii:si's .MisrAKi;< — Im.kanaii Waison \'isns 
 THE Tow.v — "Sai.\lv(;inju" — Jiissnr and \\'a\si;v — 'I'm-; Dfkic di: la I!(m iii;foi iafi.t — !•'. A. 
 jMichaux — (iiii;D<iN's " (Iazettkf:k." 
 
 'UK Tl ISTl )lU('Arj :illnHii)iis to Tronldii, milled from :i \-ni-i(ly of sourcer;, frive us 
 iiitri-i'stiiiu' piii pirtuns of the town ns it \v;is in rally days. 'I'licsc liiivr Keen 
 ritrd. in many cases, n'rhalini. so lliat tlie vai'ioiis phages of eit\' iiio\\ili mav lie 
 tlie lliol-e eomplitely i I hist la ted. 'I'lie 1 H A\ s| la | lel'S of XiAV ^'o^k. I'liihnlel pllia 
 and lloslon, wliieli. uitli an oeeasional London L:a/elte. alone eireulated in 
 eoloiii.al Xew .Jersey. Liivi' us litlle or no informalioii of a disrri|ili\e i-liaraeter. 
 i'^roni tlie joui'iials of nn/ininii-s. and pari ieiilarly from the diurnal records of the 
 tra\elinL: minister- of the Society of l'"ricnds, om- mn-t <earch foi- information. 
 'Jdiesc excerpts include hut a sni;dl |iortion of lliosc which couM he ohtaincd. hut 
 are niA'crthcless ai'rani;ed in Mich ehi'onoloiiical order that the LicuiTa! ^niwtli of 
 the t(p\\ n may he rc;idily foUowi'd. 
 
 The earliest lMiL:lish n.aiiic L:i\<'U to the laml now ociaipicd hy the city of 'rr<aiton was "The 
 l''alls," or. as the early records h:i\-e it, ''ye iTalles of yc 1 )c La Ware" That the locality was 
 verv earlv so called is pr(j\id h\- the jouin.il of \\ illiam Ldmiindson. traveling' minister of the 
 Society of l-^'icnds. l.c,i\inL:' ShriAVshlirv, in .Moimajlith county, in the year KiTo. he traveled 
 southwaril to .Maryland, ami thus dcscrihcs the incidents of lii» visit. ( )nc of a ]iarty startiiiLT with 
 an Indian jruidc. they lost their way and retraced their >tcps to the liaritan river. There they 
 found a >mall path Icadini: to Pclaware I'"alls. Thus says Ivlmimdson : 
 
 " \\ f tra\'elled tli.at d.iw (iinl sair im Innn fri iilnrr. At lULiht we kimllcd a lire in the wihhrness 
 anil lay h\- it. as we u-ed to do in such journeys. Xext day. ahoiit nine in Ihe morniiiL:'. iiy tlie 
 fXood hand of ( lod. we came well to the I'alls, and hy his providence found there an Indian man. a 
 woman, and ho\- with a canoe : so we hiri d him for some /r(0(/y«0)iyicr/ 1o lielp us over in the canoe ; 
 we swam onr horses, and ihouiih the rixcr was hioad. yet Liot well over, and hy the diri'clions we 
 received from friends. tra\ellcd towards I )elaware|ow n. [prohal'ly XiAvcastle.] alon;r tlie west side 
 of the river. Wdicu we had rode some miles, we hailed onr horsivs ami refresheil ourselves with 
 such provision- as wc had. fur us i/il in ircrr mil cunir hi mii/ ih/hiIiiIiiiiIs, 
 
 The ilesi.L'uation of •■The {■"alls" prohahly died out hy 1 7'>". hut a sentinu'iit liML'ereil around 
 tlic name for many years. As late as ]S-2\, there was incorporated in Trenton •• The llihle Society 
 of Delaware Fall.-^"." 
 
 In KiSO, Stacy wrote "From the Falls of Delaware in West Xew.Iersey'' (Trenton): ••Tliis 
 is a most l)rav(' ])lace. * * '■'■'■ We liave wanted nothini: since wc came liithiT. ■•■ =■■ '■'■• They 
 [the imnii.L'rants] improve their lands and liave L'ood <'ro|is." Stacy imlicates the immohilily of 
 the Xorth Kn;.dish farmer when he wiys " I wonder at our Yorkshire people that they rather liv.' in 
 
60 TIIK (ITV OF TRKXTOX. 
 
 servituiK' ■•■ * ^= tliaii stir out (if tlu' cliiumcy conior anil trans]i(irl tlu'insclvcs to a place 
 * ■■■ =•■ wliiTr tlicy niiuht know licttrr liiinfrs." 
 
 All extfciiicly interesting; )in'-KeV()luti<inarv view (if tlir vicinity of 'I'rmtiin inav In- hail in 
 Smith's History ( 17()")). The ri\-er navi.Lr:ition aliovr Trenton was confnieil to tiie tronLihlike hoats, 
 forty or fifty feet lonsr, si|Uare almve tlie head ami sterns. slo|iini;- foie ami aft. They were si.\ or 
 seven fcH't wide, and drew ahout two feet of watei'. \vith a tonnat^e of li\e or si.\ hundred Imshcls of 
 wheat. These l)iirlK\ni lioats were es|ieeially stroni;. and were roiistnuted to '•run" the ra])ids 
 durilljr the sjiriiii;- and fall freshets. In l!urlim;tiin eounty, which lay to the south of .Vssanpink 
 creek, jiork was a staple foi- West India trade, with luef, inuttoii. cheese and liutter for Philadel- 
 phia markets. Of Ilunterdon county, in the southern coi-ner of which Trenton was situated, 
 Smith says it "is the most populous and opulent county in the rrovincc The land is i!■elu■l■allv 
 Jf|lod for tillaj;e ; wheat the staple. * * •■■ The coui-ts ai'e held at Tieiiloii. a |ilaci'of concourse 
 and lively trade. It stands at the head of the tiilc and in a liiLdi pleasant situation : the inhahitaiits 
 ha\e a pulilic lihraiw." 
 
 In tile "Travels of the .Maripiis de ( 'lia>tellu.\.'" almut the ye.n- 1 7S.") (vol. I., p. KiS). he 
 records his trip fi-om the classic and martial L;|-ouiid of l'i-iiiciton. He further says: 
 
 " 1 arrived eai-jy at Trenton, having; remarked uotliiiiL; intei'estiuL; on the I'liad. unless it he the 
 ln'anly of the country, which everywhere corresponds with the reiiutation of the .lerseys, callc'd the 
 L'ardeii of .\nierica. < )n a pproachinu- Trenton, the road descends a little, and permits one to see 
 at the east end of the town the orch.ird where the Hessians hastily collected and surrendered 
 jirisoiH'rs." lie Liixcs a hiief i-c\icw of the liatlle of Trenton, of which it is truly said that it 
 "was iicitlici- homiui-alile or di>lionoui-ali|c for the Hessians; hut which piovcs that no troojis 
 e.xistinjr can he reckoned on. when they sulTcr themselves to he surjiriscd. " .\t dinner he found 
 his ■■ headipiaitcrs well estahlished in a L;ood iim kept hy .I//-. WiUiniiis. The siiin of this inn is a 
 philoso|ihical, oi- if you will, a political emhlem. It represents a heaver at woi-k. with his little 
 teeth, to hrint: down a lai'LTc ti'cc and midci'iicath is w'l'ittcu I'lisi riiii<l<i.'' ( iovcrnor Liviniifstou. who 
 was for so lonji the oliject of Toi-y venireance tliat he was ohliued to constantly chaiiiic his .■ihiilin<j;- 
 j)la(!e, visited the .Manpiis, who speaks of His E.xccllency as "an old man much respected and who 
 ])iisses for a very sensiiile man." The Frenchman ami the (hivcruor took a "little walk hefore 
 dinner," examining the einirons of the town. At dinner weri' the Maripiis. the (io\cnior, Colonel 
 Moylaiid, .M. de (limat and two aides-de-camp of (u'Ucral Lafayette. A .Justice of the Peace in 
 Trenton on husiness and a Captain of Ami'rican Artillery "came and set down at talilc with ns 
 without any ceremony ; it heini;- the custom of the country foi- travellers when they meet at the hour 
 of dinner to dine toL;'ethcr." The dimici- was excellent ; the wine rare and dear ; and, altliouirh the 
 Justice and tlie Captain knew that the i-cp,ast was to he chav<;ed to the Manpiis, they "set off 
 without saying a woi-d to me on the suhjeet." 
 
 Priest, the I'^iiglish traveler, in .\merica 17'.l-!-!l7, made tlie curious mistake that has until tlii.s 
 day marked the visits of r(ii/ii</riirs. He remained in Trenton over night, hut left hefore sunrise the 
 iie.xt morirmg. a circumstance he niucli rcurelteil. as he wished to see the falls so worthy the 
 attention of a traveler. He had confounded the Trenton falls, or Helaware river rapids, of a 
 descent of ahout eighteen feet in six miles, with the Trenton Falls of West Canada creek. New 
 ■^'ork. Francis Rally, President of the Koyal .\stroiiomical Society of London, who \isitcd Xew 
 Jersey in 17yG, .says of the falls, "tliese do not desei-\e the name ii[ falls, heing nothing more than 
 a ledge of rocks reaching across the river, and ohstructing the navigation for large vessels." 
 
 Elkanali M'atson. in his Memoirs, credits Trenton with only scxcnty dwellings, situate priu- 
 ci])ally on two narrow streets running jiarallel (now Proad and Wai-rcii i. whilst the travels of the 
 Duke de la iiochefoucault, Liaiicourt (17t),")-i)7 ), gives the town three hundred houses, mostly 
 Wooden, those on the high street heing hest, ••hut verv uindcrati' in their ap|iearauce."' Isaac 
 Weld, .Jr., iiuhlished his travels in 17S)il, and credits the town with two hundred neatly-huilt 
 houses, four churches and commodious street.*. Melisli, in his travels, in lS0(i-()7. makes Trenton 
 "a handsome little town, coutaining ahout two hundred houses." 
 
 The situation of the town seems to ha\c sonictliing that takes the French eye. In l.'SO."), 
 (leiieral ]\Ioreau estahlished his residence on the o)i))osite hank of the river, and .Joseph P.ouapartc 
 was disajipointed in the ))urchase of a site adjoining (now in) the town, hefore he settled a few 
 miles beluw. Moreau's mansion was burnt down on Christmas (lav, ISIL The stalile hecanie a 
 
TIIK CITY OF TRKNTOX. 
 
 Gl 
 
 inaiuifactdi-v. I'ihui liis first :irriv;il tlic (Imcral n-sidcd "at tlic scat uf Mr. Lc Cucn, at Murris- 
 villi'."' P.y virtiir .if an ad (if l,(-islaturc ( Maivli ."itli, ISKi), the estate of laic ImiHlivd and live 
 
 a.Trs was sold hy Moivan's cxccutdl-. tlircT yeai's after his fall at Dresden. It niav liave 1 n tlie 
 
 re|intali(in of llie river seeiieiy that -ave tlie Idiit In tlii' wits nf •• Salnia-inidi," in the journal ..f an 
 inia.iiinary travi'lev : " 'I'lvnlnn — huilt ah.jve the liead nf naviuatinn. tn ene.nnaiie enniinerei — caiiital 
 (if the State — (inly wants a easth', a hay. a nidnnlain, a sea, and a Vdleann, In lieai- a stronir rt'scni- 
 lilanee t(i the hay of .\a|iles.'' ( '• Salmaunndi. " hy li'vin;;-, I'anldint;-, ^-c. hS()7. ) (Hall) 
 
 r.iissdt. tlie ( iircindist, whd died hy the ^iiillntine in IT'.I-'!, was hci'e in I 7.SS. " The taverns," 
 he writes (■'Xdnveau Vnya.^v dans les l>;tats-iniis, fait en 17><S." .1. I'. I'.rissdt de W'arville. 1,, p. 
 14.S), "are nineh (h-arer on this rdad than in .Massachusetts and ( '.inneet ienl. I paid at 'I'renton 
 for a dirnier ;'.s. (id. numey df Pennsylvania. We [..issed the feny fmni 'rremdn at seven in the 
 iiidrnini:. The Delawaic, which se|iarates I'ennsy 1\ ania tidni New -.h i-se\-. is a superli ri\-ei-. The 
 pvospeet fmni the middle df the ri\-er is eliaiinin-. < hi the lii^ht ydU see mills and manufacldi-ies ; 
 (in tlie left twd chainiiiii: little lnwns which nverlddk the water. The hdi'ders cf this i-i\-ei- .are still in 
 their wild state. in the fdicsts which vnyrv them there .are sdiiie (aidinidiis trees. There are like- 
 wise S(inie hduses, Imt they ai-e iidt e(|nal. in |idinl df siiii|ilc elcLiancc, td tlinse nf .Massachusetts." 
 
 In IT'.U, an English tdurist says df nur td\vn : '■The hdiises jdin each dtlier, and fnnn reirular 
 streets, very mneh like sdine (if the small tdwns in I )e\(inshire. The tdwn has a verv tiood market, 
 which is well suplilied with liutchcl's meat. fish, and |idullrv. M.inv iinml shops are td he seen 
 there, in genei'al with scats dii each side the entrance, and a step nr lud up intd each hduse." '{"he 
 market prices on the day of this \isit were, heif Sd., luuttdii Id., \-eal Id. " This was de.-ircr tlian 
 eomnion on twn aecnunts : the iircat (piantity lately iidimht np fdr c.xpditatidn npnii takini;- nlf the 
 emharLr", and the Asseinhly (if the State hciiiL; then sitlini; at Treiitdii. hand here sells, (if the hest 
 kind, at ahdut ten jionnds [twenty-seven ddllars] an acre." (••.Idurnal df .in l^xcursion to the 
 United States in the Summer of IT'.ll," hy Henry Waiiscy. |''..\.S., a Wiltshire cldthicr. ) 
 
 Tlie r)nke de la KdchefdUca lilt, ahdiit 17><t, m.ikcs this entry in his jdiirnal : •■.\h(iut a (piarter 
 (if a mile hcydlid Tl-elltun is the p.lss;lL;c d\'er the l»el,iwarc hy a felly, which, thdUL:h ten sta<r("- 
 coiiches daily jiass in it, is such that it wdiild he i-eekdne(| a vn-y had fc|-r\- in ICurdpe. On the 
 farther side uf the rivei' the retrospect tn Trcntdii is, in a cdnsidcrahle dcLii'ec, pleasinL^ The 
 iirdund l>etweeii that tdwn and the l)elaw.ai-c is snidiith. slnpint;, deciuatcd with the thiwers and 
 vcrdiu'c (if a line meaddw. In the en\-irdns df the tnwii. tdd, ai'e a nuniher df handsdine villas 
 which Lireatly cni-ich the lanilscapc." (■•Tra\'els in 1 7'.'d-'-l7, " vnl. 1., ]i. dl'.i. ) In .\pril, 17!'.'), 
 I'eter Ildwcll ad\-ei'tise(l a '■twn-hdlse cdachcc" td lca\-c Trentnn I'lir Philadelphia e\-erv Wed- 
 nesday and Saturilay. at eleven d'cldck. I>'are I'm- a passenger, P_'s. fid.; fdurtceii pounds of 
 l)ag<ra,ue allowed. 
 
 Tlie celehrated l''i'encli naturalist, F. \. Michau.x, S(in (if .\. Mich.iu.x, sent over hy Louis W'l. 
 for botanical research, p.assing in iSOl', uives us this paragraph ; '".Vmong the other small towns hv 
 the roadside, Ti'cnton sccnicil Wdithy of atteiitidU. its situatidii upim the Uclaware, the heautiful 
 tract of country that suri-dinids it. ninst render it .i nei-t delightful place nf ahdde." ("Travels of 
 Francois Andre .Michau.x.") Hy an act of .March od, 17'^li, the Pegislalin-e granted .^ndre, the 
 traveler's fath(>r, [lermissiiin to hold land, iidt exceeding twd hundriMJ acres, in any part df the 
 State for a hotanieal garden. TIk re is a ineinoir of {''rancois i who was the anllmr of the " .North 
 American Sylva") in the "Transactions of the .\nierican I'hilosophical Society," vol. \'I. Three 
 years hefore the alio\'e-nienti(incd act. the French Consul for .New Jersey olfcreil in the King's nanii' 
 all kinds of seeds w lienc\(a- a hotanieal ;;ar(leli sholdd he estahlished. The I .cgisl.iture (Deceniher 
 loth, 17''^-'>) made the iniicnioits i-epiv that as soon as they estahlished such a garden they should he 
 glad to receive the seeds. 
 
 In ps.'M, (Idi'ddu's '■ (lazetteer "' of .N'ew Jersey was issued. In the des(a-ipli(in of Tr.ailon 
 it .says that theic is in the cit\- "a state house 100 x (iO feel, with how at either end. cupola 
 and bell the hnilding is of stone, stuccoed in imitation of dark granite," together willi the (lov- 
 ernor's residence, three lire-proof ollices, a haidc incorporated in ISOl, an acadi'iiiy, three hoarding 
 anil (lav-scJiools for females and several eonnnon schools. Trenton, in local |iarlance, inclu(ie(l llic 
 villages of Mill Hill, IJloomshury and Lanilierton, then in I'.iirlington county. The clnnchcs were 
 Ei)iscoj)al, Presbyterian. I'liends'. l>a])tist. Reformed P>aptis(, itoman Catliolic, .Ab^thodist and 
 African Methodist. Trenton proper included I -J ■'> dwellings, l.'i taverns, about :'.0 stores ; Mill Hill 
 
62 
 
 TIIK CITY OF Tr.KXroX. 
 
 lincl 7'"^ (lui-llinji's. 1 slcircs ami I iavri-iis ; ni(icini>liui'y hail II") ilwilliiiiis, 2 stoves anil ") tavi-i'iis, 
 anil LaniluTtiin (>4 dwolliiiiis, 2 stores ami 2 taverns. A liur nf s1eanil)oats ran ilaily tn I'liila- 
 (lelpliia anil staurs tlii'iT times jier ilirni tn tliat city, as well as New ^'urk. T.ueal lines served 
 i'rineetnn ami the nii-al ilistriets. The Stale Prison, at [.arnherton, had ai rnnnmnlation for 1")() 
 ennviets. "'rile I'ranird hridui' nver tlii' l)ela\varc," havini;- a span nl' I.IHO IVrt. dnnhlr earriaire- 
 wav and fiint-|iaths, "■ resting on the eni'ds nt', and suspended frimi, a series nl' live arches supported 
 on stiine piers." was "much admired I'lir its liditness trrace and stri'ni:lh." Two cotton mills mi 
 tlie Assanpinl^, willi 'i, 101) spindles, unr mill fur power lunms. and mi the 1 )ela\\are twiimills fur 
 liinms are meulioiieil. The 'J'reiilon Falls Comiiany, incorporated is;il, which, with the canal, 
 '• have niveii new life to husiness and enterprise," were anticipated I'aetors in the development of 
 the city. 
 
 A most enthusiastic and truthful exposition ol' Ihe advantatics of Trenton as a manufacturint;- 
 center, closes the description. .Mtenlion is called III Ihe location of the town on river and canal, in 
 the midst of a rertile ai:riiullural country whei-e lahor is plenty and provisions are cheap ; with 
 facililies for iihlaininii' coal and one i-nilmad projeeled to New ^'oik and two jiractically eompleted 
 to Philadelphia, one from Miinis\ille and the olher fn mi llonleiitown, and, a hove all, " convenience 
 in olitainiuL: raw maleiial, unfailiiii; |iower for its manipulation and a chance of and I'eady access to 
 the hest mai-kcls of the countrv." 
 
CHAPTER X. 
 
 THE (0I!I"()1;ATE IIISTOin' OF THE CITY OF TI!E.\'l'o\. 
 TUENTOX ];EFoI;E the CIIAIITFI! of IT'.lL'. 
 
 ClIAHACTEKISTK/S OK TkK.\T(IX'.S (IkoWTII ('(HXTV TvlMOS, Willi 'I'l: i:N'ii i\ \s Till'; SilllM-: Town— 
 
 The OiicwizATioN df Tke.ntux T(]\v,\sim' — Tin-; Ivmma Jaii. — ( 'ii \i; \i ri;i,' (ii- rni.: 'I'ow .\ i.\ 
 THE MiDHT.ic UK Till-: Last ('i:xiri:v — Ti:i;.\ r(j.\'s ('huimai. CiiAirn;!; — 'I'm: \'ii.i.a<.i: l!i:ru.Mjcs 
 A B()i;()r(;ir Tdw.n — Its IJorNiiAKiios — Tiii'; Oi'Ttciiks ami Tin:ii; Diitics — Tiii': CiiAHTEit 
 ]!eikmes r.\\\iiCLiiv AMI IS SrKi;];Mii:i;i:ii — A Xnrii i: di Tki:nt(in',- 1-"aii: ami Mai;ki:'i'. 
 
 I'lK )ri'".I! viiAV III' till' ((ii-iiiirntc liislm-y nl' llir cily nf Trciilmi Imds ii> tn tlir vrrv 
 lii'uiiuiiiiiis (if (uwn life. Fnlikc sd iiimiiv citirs wliirli li:i\c 'jilhii 1i\- litfiillv 
 cinliraciiiL: uiTnt sccticiii^ df riii'nl Icrrilm-y, Trciitdii lias iiicrra-cil IVdiii witliin, 
 dutwanl. This is tlic rdnxcix' nl' llir |ii-d|idsil idu usually iirrsciili-cl. Tlic 
 (■iir|idi'at(' iii.^ldiA' df main' cilii-^ is llic liisldiA nf the i-ii\irdiis wiiii-li iIha- have 
 alis<irlir(l. Ti-(ai(dii lia'l ii'i small lnuiis aniiiinl lirr — 1i-s-it >alr|liti'S — rxri'|it, 
 III' riiiu-sc, Sdiilli Tii-ntdii, ('lianili( i>liiiii: ami Millliaiu, uliiili, tli<ini:ii iimli'i- 
 s(|iaratc ndvi'iaiimaits, wiif, m \crlliili~s, an iii1ti;ral |ia]'t df lii-rscir, Thr 
 liisldiA' df Tnaiidii is lla' lii^ldiA' df tlic city -iml llic rccdnl <if tin' ncar-liv 
 td\\ nslii|is. 
 Tims, as the ciir|idiatc rccuril is |iiiicly c\dliitidiiary, tln' ,L;criii lies in llic tdw ii as ■■The Falls 
 df the Delaware." 
 
 \'>\ virtue df an act ]ia>>ci| .laniiai-v "Jlst, ITO'J-llI, the hdumlarics nf the cduntii'S (if New 
 Jt'Tsey were further dividcil ami ascertained. .Much inieerlainly had existed. Liivinu' rise to nianifdld 
 incdnviaiiciiees. liurlimitdii, which flicn cdiitained 'I'rciildn, nr the l'"alls, was liiiunde(j. in |iarl, 
 hy ••the Line df I'.irtilidii lictweeii l-jisl anil W'rsI ./nsii/, thciice aldiii;- the said Line (if I'artitinn hy 
 Maidniliiiiil and Jlnimrrll In the iidrtheniidst and utterimist Hdunds df the 'I'liwiiship of Aiiiircll, 
 thence liy the sanic td the Kix'cr Ihlfunir, .'" Treutdii was thus |idlitically de|iendent U|i(in Hurliiij:- 
 ton, as she h.-id heen fur :i sciirc nf |ircvidns years. 
 
 The.L'riiwlh df the u|i-ri\-ei^ <cttlenients hecanie more vi,i;orous, and in 17L">-1-1 the Le,u;islattire 
 ]ias.sed an act (March lllh) |irdvidiii,^' that all the " n|i|ier parts" of West Jersey " lyin,!,' Xorth- 
 wards of or situate almx c the lifdok or Itiviilet cdmiiidnly called . I. «"/(;//'/(/,■ he erected into a county." 
 which, in hdiidr of (IdVeriior liiiiiert Hunter, who had recently heen a|i|i(iinte(l hy the Crown, was 
 called //(/»/r,7/r//, county. Lntil 1 7"_'7-_'><, Hinitcrdon elected her rc|>resentatives to Assenihly with 
 l!urlin,iit(in. Kin;;- ( ieorjic II. h.iviii;.:- instructed the (lovcrmir to issue a writ, the SherilT returned 
 the names of .hilin I'drterlield, and .losi-|ih Stout as .\sscmlilynien. Henceforth llunterddU county 
 exercised her riiihts in electiiiL: her memhers of the Lower House 
 
 It will he reiiienilicrcil th.il Trenton, as ■■ye ITallcs," w;is (lie center of the townships of 
 Xottinjiiiain. .Maidciihe.id i Lawreuceville ), Hopewell and .\niwell, lieinj,' eoiislaliularies of old 
 ]5urlinfj;toii. In 17I:;-II, the upjier parts of lUu-linuton, or all that territory lyint: iiortli of the 
 Assaiipink and hounded on the east hy llie Province line, liecani(^ the county of llunlenlon. Jt 
 
64 
 
 THE CITY OF TUK.NTON. 
 
 appears at this early ]>eri()(l as it' rivalries existed l)etween the towns of lio]>c\vcll ami .Maiileiiheail 
 ( Lawreneevillc) for the honor of hoMinir the eounty courts. ]5y Onlinanet' of April 7th, XIII. 
 of Anne, it was tiierein s])eeilically ijirected that the Court of Conunon Pleas anil Quarter Ses- 
 sions shoui<l he held alternately at .Maidenhead ( Lawreneevilk') and llopewdl, ''until a eoiirt- 
 liouse and Ljaol for the eounty should he huilt." In aeeordance with this provision, the courts sat 
 in Maidenhead in .June and DeciMnher and in I1o|ic\m1I in .Mai'ili and Septeniher. 
 
 At this early time the courts met in the churches and not infrc(|Ueiitly in ]irivate houses. 
 .\nioni:' those whose homes wvrr used for this purpose were Theo]ihilus Phillips, William Oshorno, 
 Horner, and hauiil I'lailey, in Mnidenlicad. Wdien the com-t sat in llopewell, it was li<Id lirst and 
 suhsec|Uently at the house of .\ndi'ew il<'ath and the house of liolnit l.aimim;- (the pla<-e aftei'wards 
 owned hy the heirs of Nathaniel l.anninii i. 
 
 N'm action seems to have lieeu taken eoneeniiuL: the ei'eetiou of a eiimmon jail, .hilm Mnirheid. 
 11 lull Sheri if, complai-ned to tin' enurt in 1711. in 1717. in .June, 171'-i. and in .March, 17"i(), that 
 there was no uaol for the count \'. Thi^ i~ in no scn-r surpi'isinir, inasmueh as the countv of Hunter- 
 don practieally had two capitals, I ndei'd, the crisis in 1! mitei'ilou's affairs came in Scptendier, 171'.i, 
 when the courts lirst sat in Ti-cuton, The exc(Utivc power of the Colony was ealleil upon to settle 
 
 the matter. It havini; lieen 
 ri'prcscnteil to the (lovernor 
 that the holdiui;- the courts 
 alternatily in .Maideidicail and 
 lIo|icwe]| was attc-nilcil with 
 inconvenience, in .March, \7\'K 
 he iinally directed that the 
 couils sliouM he hild and 
 kept in Trenton fi-om the 
 month of Scptendier next 
 ensuiuL;. 
 
 Till' i'>tahli>hint;' of tiu' 
 connty eoin't in the villaire 
 oF Ti'cnioii was oui' of the 
 most prominent, if not the 
 most prouiiiicnt. factors in 
 
 the- f U t U r e diN'elopmcUt of 
 the town. Located in the 
 extremi' southwestern poi'- 
 tion of old Hunt c r d o n 
 eounty, it dri'W to itself the 
 varied interests of the up]iir 
 Delaware N'allcy. \ot only thi' settlers (if Maiileuhcad. Hopewell and .\mwell. luU later the newer 
 townships of Upper Hunterdon, sudi as Peadiniitou, met on court days. The Palatinate farmer 
 and the Scotdi-lri.-h immigrant who drifted fi-om Pennsylvania, the Hollander from the Haritan 
 N'alley and the staid (iiiaker plantation-ow ui'r f|-om the P.nrlinL:ton comity townships of Xottinjr- 
 Iiam, Chesterticid and the Hamptons, joined hands. Court days hroufrht a varied ]iopulation, of 
 many races and faiths, and foi'incd the hasis for a Fair, from which urew much of the economic 
 jirosjicrity of all loldnial towns, 
 
 Trenton now hecanu' divorced from the townsliips, for in .Mardi. 17PI, "the I'ourt ordered that 
 the liounds of Trenton lie cntei'ed on record as followeth : l)ei:inninif at the landing on the Delaware 
 I'iver. in Xottin;:ham. rmmini!' up said river to the month of .la<-oh"s creek : thence alonjr said ci-eck 
 to the King's road, to a run callecl .lacoli's nm ; thence up sai<l run to Thatcher's swam]), along a 
 run that runs into Shahliakouk. and over Shahhakonk, including Ilalph Hart's ]ilantation, to the 
 line that di\idcs IIo|,ewcll from Maidenhead : thence along said line till it comes to the line of Mr. 
 Trent and Thomas Lamlna-fs land ; thence along said line hetwixt Mr. Trent and Thomas Landiert 
 to the Delaware river, and so along said river to the tirst-mentioned station." 
 
 The lirst puhlie huilding in Trenton was the Countv .hul. This was umlouhtedly located upon 
 lan<l owni'd liy William Trent, who gave the ]iropei-t\- to the county. The year in wdiich the jail 
 
 Thk Oi.ii CnruT Kiiisi: wn .! \ 
 
TUF. CITY OF TRENTON. 65 
 
 was l)uilt was prolialily ITl'l, and stucid u|i,iii tlii> saivio s|M)t wliciv the 'I'lviii.iii IJank iiuw s(aii<1s. 
 It was a tw(i-ston- luiiMiiiu' ri-fctnl nf jircy sanilstinii', wiih stiiciurd fmnt. 'I'lir crlls xvrn- in tlic 
 lower story. The np]ier story was used as a (•(lurt-iMnni, tlie entrance io wliieli was liv a nuniher of 
 stone steps erected on the outside of tlie huildini; and surrounded in later tinu^s hv an iron railintr. 
 It is said that the strjjs cxtiiided fmni the uuttrr, :in<l |i<Ts<ins '^n'wvj: into the enurt-nKini were 
 eounielled to aseend fmni the street. I'edestrians ,L;nin<; up ami down the street ]iassed diri'ctlv 
 under these steps. Tlie s1e]is were afterwai'd removed from thr strcit and placed crosswise upon 
 the front I if the huildini;-, cumiueiicinL;- from either corner, on the north and south sides of it and 
 meeting at the to]), in the eeiifer nf the huilding, forming a pyramid, so that anvone going into the 
 court-room could aseend either from the north or soutii of it. Suhse(|UenfIv these steps were 
 removed and jilaced inside tlie huilding. 
 
 Trenton, during the next t\vent\- years, grew with s]iirit midei- tlie inipeins of heing a shin; 
 town. ISy 1745 there were nearly a liundreil houses in the ]ilace. The llonrisjiiiii:- condition in 
 whicli tlie town appears to liave heeii at that time, and its ad\antaL;eons loe:ition for Imsiness. leil 
 the inhahitants to anticipate its rapiilly-incrcasing growth and pr(isperily. I'resunnng that material 
 advantages would accrue through an act of incorporation l>v the Crown, conferring horoiiLdi 
 privileges, in the uinetccnth year of the i-eJLin of (leorge 11., (io\-ernor Lewis .Morris and a nuniher 
 of the inhahitants of this district of louiitry sent a jietition to the King. 
 
 The city of Burlington had alreaily heeii ineor[iorate<l, which was an additional incenti\e to 
 such a course. Trenton was at this period using strenuous endeavors to control all tlii' upper river 
 trade and to ci'iitralizA' all the agricultural life of lower nimlerdoii comity within hia- limits. Such 
 was the influence of Trenton's friends at ciimt that the horough charter was granted without inanv 
 atti'iidant difliculties, so usual in such case. This is rather reniarkahle, particularl v at a period 
 when (I real Britain did pnajtically nothing to foster independent economic action on the [lart of 
 the inhaliitauts of anv of her trans-Atlantic Colonies. 
 
 Tbe.n'to.\'s Colo.m.m. Cii.Mrnoii, Stii'TicMiuoit (Wii, 1745, 'ro .Veini. '.Irii, 1750. 
 
 By virtue of the '' Ilnmhle ]ietition" of King (ieorge the Second's " loving Suhjects the prin- 
 cijial Inhahitants of the township of Trenton in the ('oiinty of Ilimtcrdon, a lloyal charter of 
 Incorporation" was granted in the nineteenth year of His Majesty's reign (1715). Therein, with 
 certain "jiowers, Privileges, Immunilies and .1 iirisdii'lioiis," the '■jiifaiif Settlement was made a 
 free Borou.i.di Town." 
 
 The Jietition recited that Trenton was situated at the head of n.-ivigation, with a large and 
 fruitful <'imntry adjacent thereto, and these facts in all pi-olialiility would tend to render Trenton a 
 place of trade and imjiortance. 
 
 The <-harter of incorporation creates a hoily politic consisting of a "Chief Burgess, Recorder, 
 Burgesses and Connnonality of the l.orough Town of Trenton," with ]iowers of per|ietual succession. 
 This corporation had the usual I'oimnon-law powers of suing and heing sued in all causes and 
 courts; pitrchasing realty, as well as goods and chattels, within or without the' l'ro\-inci', and dis- 
 Jiosal of the same, having a common seal, altering the same at pleasure. 4'he town hounds are 
 thus descrihed : "Begins at the mouth of Crosswicks Creek and runs from thence up saiil Creek to 
 the month of a creek known hy the n:iin<' of Doctor's Creek, then up said Doctor's Creek to the 
 line formerly run liy (ieorge Keith lietween Kastand West .lersey, then along the said line. Including 
 !\hudenheail and IIo)iew(4l. to the line lietween Hopewell and .Vmwcll, then along tlie Sever.al lines 
 Between Hopewell and .\niwell to Delaware Kiver and so ilown the said river to the place of Begin- 
 ning." Provision was made for one Chief Burgess an<l ReeonK'r, twelve iiuru'csses, si:^teen 
 Common Couueihnen, oiu' Marshal, one Common Clerk, oik^ Treasurer and eight Constahlcs, 
 Thomas Ca.lwalader was ajipointed hy the charter to act as Chief l!urge-s mitil the secoiiil of 
 Deeemlier next ensuing after the granting of the charter. It was further [irovided tlial he or one «>[ 
 tlic twelve Burgesses should succeeil to the oilice. Nathaniel Ware was appointed as Heconh'r 
 during his natural life, except, as was also true of Chief iUu-gess Cadwalader, he shall resign or 
 inishehave. The Biu-.L'esses appointed were Thomas Cadwala<ler, William .Morris, Joseiih W anvil, 
 Daniel Coxe, An<]ruw Smith, Alexander Loekhart, David Martin, Robert I'ear.sun, Andrew Reed, 
 I 
 
66 THE CITY OF TRENTON. 
 
 Tlicophilus Pliillipse, jDsepli Dv Cou, Saiimrl TTunt and ricuhuii Annita;j;(', who were to serve for 
 life. Tlie Coiiiinon Cdiinciliuen, also aijpointcil fcir life, were Joseph Paxton, Theophiliis Severns, 
 Benjamin Biles, Jas])er Smith, t'ovnelius Iliiii^o, Jonathan Stout, Jonathan Waters, Thomas r>ui'- 
 rows (_Burrou<;lis), Jr., (ieorsie Ely, John Ifunt, John Dagworthy, Jr., Joseph Plulii|is. .lulm 
 Wellinjr, William Pla.skett, Daniel Lannini; and Benjamin (Jreen. 
 
 David Martin, then Sheriff of tlie county of Hunterdon, was ap[)ointed as Borough Marshal so 
 long as liis shrievalty term should continue. Anthony White was ap])ointed "Town Clerk and 
 C'lerk of the Court and Courts of the said Pxirnugli Tnwn'' dm'ing good liciiavioi'. Andrew Heed was 
 selected as Treasurer; Kohert Taylor, William Pcarsmi, William Sprowls, John Ahljott, Mathew 
 Baker, Ahner Pliillipse, N'incent l!uiiy(jn and .lonathaii Hunt as Coiistafiles, until their successors 
 should he electi'd. W'itliin three days after the ])ulilicatiiiii nf the royal charter the oHiccrs ahove 
 named were instrueti'd to take the oaths of allegiance, ahjuration and supremacy, and suhscrihe the 
 test or declaration as was directed hy the acts of Parliament. Succession in office of the ahctve 
 corporation was provided in that U|)on the secoml day of l)ecend)er of each year the Chief Burgess, 
 Burgesses, Recorder and Connnon Councilmen asscniMe in ''some convenient room ni- place 
 
 * * * and shall jtroceed to nominate. Elect and Cliodse one Chief Burgess" from the twelve, one 
 Marshal, one Conmion Clerk- (unless the Cnuiily Clerk nf Hunterdun sliall refuse, to serve), one 
 Treasurer and eight Constahles for one year ensuing. II' the Chief Burgess died oi- was renrnved 
 the offiee fell U]ion the Recorder, wlm in fdurteen days thereafter was instructed to sunnnoii the 
 Burgesses and CuninKin Council, and "then and there hy plurality of votes Nominate I'^lcct and 
 Choose one of the twt'lve Burgesses to he Chief Burgess.'' If fi-nm any cause the Recorder failed 
 to call the Burgesses, the ''eldest nr first-named P>urgess " should assume the duty. If Connnim 
 Councilmen died or were nnnoved, the "Several Ifreeholders and House Keepers of the said Bor- 
 ough Town, which have heen hefore that time duly admitted and swnrn ffreemen, * * * 
 shall meet the said Chief Burgess and recorder oi' one of them in some Convenient room or place, 
 
 * * * shall then and there hy ])Iurality of votes nominate Elect and Choose such fitt and Dis- 
 creet person" as Councalman. The successors of the Marshal, Connnon Clerk, Ti'easurcr and 
 Constahles were elected hy the Ihngcsses. 
 
 The Burgesses and Connnon Council had ])owcr "to make Constitute ord.-iin and l\<lahlisli such 
 and so many good and reasonahle laws Constitutions Decrees and orders in writing and sealed with 
 their Public Seal" declaring and explaining "how and in wli.at manner the said Chief Burgess 
 recorder, Burgesses and Connnon ('ouncil men ami all and Singular other ollicers ministers mer- 
 chants Artificers Tradesmen ffrcH'holders and Ifi'eenien respectively Inhaliiting and residing in the 
 said Borough Town shall at all times and places act and j)i'rl'oi-m ami heliave themselves in their 
 several ofllccs, Ifunetions mistci-ii's, Trades and Businesses within the said Borough Town ami the 
 Liberties, precincts anil honmls of the same, Ifor the further Connnon good puhliik utility and good 
 government." The govei'iiing body were instnieted to impose "mulcts and .\mercments U]>on the 
 Breakers of such laws and oi'dimuices so made." It was further pi-ovided that every Monday, 
 Thursday and Saturday in tlie year should be Market Days, as well as two fail's, one from the third 
 Wednesday in Ajiril until tlie following Eriday (inclusive), and the other on tlie third Wednesday 
 in October as continuing as fiefore. Then was to be had the "Selling {ind Buying of all aiKl all 
 manner of Horses Glares, Colts, (,'ows. Calves Steers Hoggs Sheep and all other C^attle or any other 
 goods wares and merchandizes," subject to rules and regulations as may be imposetl by the Bur- 
 gesses ami Council. Ex nffirio, the Chief Burgess, Burgiwses and Recorders were .lustiees of the 
 Peace. The Chief Burg(>ss, Recorder and at least three Burgesses, the Town Clerk, .Marshal and 
 Constables were enii)owered to hold a ([uarterly court of record to iiKiuire "into all manner of 
 ff'ehinies. Crimes and olfeiiees not Capital," ami to " hear try and Determine all petit Larcenies, 
 Routs Riots and unlawful asscinblys and all otlier (h'imes and offences whatsoever " whereof the 
 punishment diil not extend to loss of life and member. FiiU's could be laid in such cases. On 
 view and in o)ien court nuisances and encroachments in the streets and highways of the borough 
 were to be removed and amended by this Burgess Court. A sinrilar court of a civil nature was 
 created, with cognizance of all actions (except " rjcrtiniu Jfirme and all real actions where the tfree- 
 hold may conic in Disi)uto"). The corporation of the borough of Trenton were empowered "to 
 Erect Build maintain and Support such Goal prison Court House Work House and House of Cor- 
 rection, one or more, * * * as they sliall sec occasion." Until the: jails and other public 
 
TlIK V\T\ OF TRKNTON. G7 
 
 liuililings wore erected, the County Jail ami Cnurt House was to he usnh There tlie liurjiess 
 Courts were to he held ami there the Justices were to '' |iunish Correct and Sett to Work all Va.ii^i- 
 hoilds. Runaway Servants ami other Sfrolini; and 1 »is<ii-derly |ier<ons." The Chief JJuricess and 
 Recorder were to take '' reeogiii/.anee ol' Hehts ^\ilhin the said llorouL;!! Town uccordins: to tlie 
 Statute (it .Merchants and ol A<-ton Burnel." The Chief jiuriress was also to appoint a t'lcrk of the 
 Market, ■■who shall ha\-e assize and assay of Urcad .Vie Wine Reer Wood Weiirhts and measures," 
 as \vell as a "Keeper of the work house and house of <'ori^eclion, a erver, whiper and all other 
 inferiour and sulxirdinate otlieers." The corporation was to yield ami pay to the royal treasury the 
 sum of £3 jn'oclamation money. 
 
 The document thus eoncludes : •■ Witness onr said Trusty and well helovi^d Lewis .Morris Ksi|r 
 our said Captain General and Governor in chief in ami ovei our said province of .Nova Ca'sarea or 
 New Jersey and Territories thereon depeiidiriLi: in .\niei-ica and \iee .\dniiral in the same i^re at 
 Kinjisliury the Si.xth day of Seplendier in the nineteenth year of our le-iiiii." 
 [Loco Sigilli 
 Majoris Provce 
 Nova Ciesarea] 
 
 Jos. A\'arrell, Attorney-General, indorsed the charter with his legal appi-oval. 
 
 I']ion tlic twenty-thinl da}- of Deccndiei-. in the twenty-third year of the reign of King ( Icorge 
 IT., tlie corporation of the " it'ree Rurrougli Town" of Ti^eiiton, in an instrunnait, surrendered 
 thc'ir ■■clivers Liljerties, priviledges Innuunitys ami Fi^anchises." .\llliough the mcmhei's of (he 
 corporation retained "a Just Sence of (iratilude for the Person and .Menioi-y of his late I'lxccllency, 
 Lewis .Morris Es(|r for the favoin^ tln'y are Satisfyeil In' Intended to confii- upon them." yet. iiv 
 exj)erience, it was fomnl that it did not ans\ver the salutary purpose intended. Cjion the other 
 hand, the charfi'r was ■■found miv pi^ejuiliiial to the lntel■e^t ami trade" of Tnaiton. Tlu^ 
 Rurgesses and Connnon Council vielded to the Cidwn the ehartia' of incoi-poi-atiou, with all its 
 lihertics and pi^ivileges, together with their pretences ami claims to the c-.\ei'eise or administration 
 of jiowcrs thereliy conferred. Theophilus Sevcrns, on (he seventh day of Api'il, IToO, a]ipcared 
 hcforc .John Co.xc, one of the Couniil foi' New Jcrsi'V. ami certiticd to the seal of the corporation. 
 (4overnor Relcher, in Rurlingt<in city, mi the ninth of .Vpi^il. in the tvventy-third year of (ieorgc JI., 
 accepted the "Instrument <if Sun^ender of the Charter for Incorporating the Rui^rough Town of 
 Trenton =i^ * * in hehalf of his .Most Sacred .Majesty." 
 
 Notification of the surrcndi'r of this charter was printed in the "Pennsylvania (iazette," Ajiril 
 12th, ]"•")(), to the end that all persons should he saved " Troulile and Attendance upon the Fairs, 
 which will not he held as usual." 
 
 These fairs were mentioned in the '■ T'emisyhania Journal" of (Ictohcr od, 17I"), and in the 
 "Pennsylvania Ca/.ette" of .\piil :;d, 17lii, .\pril 17th, I71S, and Octoher Kith, 17-l^. They were 
 all advertised in the following form : 
 
 The ■' I'eimsylvania Gazette" of I71(i announces that upon \]>y\] Kith, "Wcdni'sday. of that 
 year '■at the liorougli Town of Trenton * * * will he held and kc|)t a 1<\\ I R for selling 
 and huying all niamiei- of lloi^ses, .Mares, Colts, Cows. Calves, Steers, J logs Sheep and all other 
 Cattle (ioods Wares and Merchandize whatsoever." The fair was (o la<l until the following Friday 
 night. This was pursuant to the charter. 
 
 
 
 ••^ 
 
CHAITEIi XI. 
 
 TTIE rm!P()T;.\TK IllSToUY OF TIIK (ITV OF Tl!KN"To\. 
 
 THF ClIAirrKi; of 17'.i2. 
 
 Tkkxtox's CoxDiTiox IX 17!»() — AiidirnvK Attkmpts to Organize a City (;i>vek\mext — The 
 
 ClIARTEK IS (iUAXTEl) AXI) ITS ( 'll AHACTEIUSTICS — EaHLV StUEETS — TlIOSE WHO Fli;sT HeI.D 
 
 Offk'e — The City Seal — Tkextox Outhkowixc; hek Villacie Like — CoNDrnoxs oe the 
 Times. 
 
 -^^I'O.X the sunviidiT i>l' the lirst CliartiTuf tlic r.nn>i,i^'li Tdwii of Trenton, tlic lack 
 
 ^ .-, "'' '^ucccss of thf ]ilaii (lclri-i-(d all future rfVorts until tlu' close of the American 
 
 lu'Volution. Indeed, the |)re|iarations for the future coullict. and tlu' struugle for 
 
 iiidciiendenee, jirecluded all action toward this end. A new tjcnenition of men, 
 
 '() ^^Y^''' "li""^'' minds had hecu stimulated hy war, was neeiled to ac('om])lish .threat results. 
 
 ~"" jy'/yb) Altlioui,di Trenton jiroper was noi'th of the .Vssanpink creek, and (•ons(!(iueiitly in 
 
 Hunterdon county, nevertheless tlie i^enesis of the town is to lie found in the liur- 
 
 ^pv / lin,Kton county estahlishuieiits. In passing it is of interest to remcniher that the 
 
 \_J s|iot of ground immediately adjoining the creek on the south was called Kings- 
 
 liury, afterward Kensinirton Hill : hut when it liccame a, nianufactiiring jilace of 
 
 some note, the name was again changed to Mill Hill, which name it contiiuu'd to ln^ar until it was 
 
 incor]iorated with Bloomshury and made tlie horough of South Trenton. 
 
 'i"he charter of 17112, which is the hegiiming of the present municipal history of the city of 
 Trenton, was in fad the outgrowth of a series of agitations upon the subject. Tlie symiiathics 
 which existed between the citizens north and south of the .\ssaupink creek led them to present a 
 ]>etitiou to the Hoase of Assembly upon tlie twentieth of .\ugust, 17S4. nearly a decade before a 
 charter was linally granted. This petition was aceomiianied liy a bill entitled ".Vn act for erecting 
 part of the township of .Nottingham, in the county of I'.urlington, and part of the township of Tren- 
 ton, in the county of Hunterdon, into a city, and for incor]iorating the same by the name of the 
 city of Trenton, and for dc<-laring the same a free city and ]iort. for the term of twenty-five years." 
 This bill pa.ssed the House on Tuesday, Xovember loth, 17N.'). and on Thursday, the twenty- 
 second of February, 17S(;, the act was rejected by the Council. 
 
 At tliis time l.amberton. which was a jiart of the township of XottiiiglKim. had become a thriv- 
 ing town. As early as 17-V.I, Itobert Lettis Hoojicr, in view of jirospective river trade, had laid out 
 lots (iO by ISl, for a town. His village began on the Delaware at Trenton ferry, running as the 
 road runs to the grist mills opjiosite Trenton, thence down the stream of the mills to the Delaware, 
 thence doAvn the river to the ferry, being the head of navigation, "where there is a considerable 
 trade extended from the city of I'hilailclphia, and great parts of the counties of Hunterdon, Morris, 
 Middlesex, Somerset, and Bucks, in Pennsylvania, delivi'r their i)roducc," and rafts of timber, 
 staves, t<l-c,, come from 120 miles uji the rivt'r. 
 
 This property was offered for sale or for a lease of GO years. Hubert Leltis Hooper, in March, 
 
TIIK CITY OK 'l'i;i:XT()\. (;<) 
 
 171)"), a^ain (ilfiTc(l fnr sale his I.ainlnTtoii ].r(.|>crt_v. al»)Ut half a mih' \>fh<\\ tlic fcrrv nvar Trfiitmi, 
 with utt-'iisils for i-uriiit; hrrriiiu' and stm'Licnn. 
 
 Althouffh this ja-DJnt ol' iiu-orpunitiii- tlic scttlcinciits (ni llii> iiurtli and suuth hanks of the 
 Assanpink was unsnrcfssful. T.ainhcrton afterward hccaiiic a jiurt of mtrv, and has sinfc so 
 rciiiain((L 
 
 in a <iiii|ilr iif yrai-s, nv upim >hinli I'd, i7>i<l, a prtitiun rmni sundi'v inlial)itants of the town- 
 sliiiis iif Ndttiniiliani and 'iVrulnn was iircscntcd tn tlir 1 louse. " prayiiii: tliat a part of the townsiiip 
 of Trcntun and a part of tlie town-liip of Nottin-liaiii may iiavr tiir l>fiic-lit of a corporatiim, witli 
 the ])o\\ci'of making- hy-laws foi- thcii- internal poliee and i:ovi'rnnient : " wliereupon h^ave was 
 niveii tliem to ])i-esent a liiU aL:i'eeaiily to tlie |irave|- of tlieir petition. 
 
 Satiu'day, Nhu'eli 1th. 17sr,. a petition from sumlry inliahitants of tlie town,-hi]) of .\ottin,i.diam 
 was presented to the House, praying: tliat if a charter of im-orporation sIk.uM he i:iven to the 
 inhaliitants of Treutou, the towu>liip of .\ottini:Iiam may not he included, which was read and 
 l-ft'errcd. 
 
 The attem]>ts to incorporate the city of Ti'enton now weri' directeil to consoliilate tln' inliahit- 
 ants noith of the .\ssanpink. The other elToi'ts failed presumahly upon the i;round that a town 
 npoll hoth sides of the creek Woulil lleci'ssarily have to he located in two counties. To relieve this 
 ditliuulty, upon May I'^.d. 17'.l-_'. a [.etition from the inliahit;nit- of llopewi'll, .Maiilenhead and 
 Trenton, in tlu!county of IluiUei-dou, was read, asking; that a law miuht he passi-d foi- iiicoi-ponitinir 
 a liofoujzh. to consist of the said townships, for the puipose of hoMinu' c-ourts and estahlishinix a 
 gaol and Court House witliin the said horouuh. 
 
 This was indeed a city in t.iiciisd, and had the defects of the colonial charter, in that the 
 lioroiltih town limits \vould eiuhraee too uiucli tirritorv and so hecouie unw ielilv. 'I'he plan then 
 devised was much more fcasihli-. that of cuttini; Ti-cuton township into two paiis. So far as can he 
 aseertaini'ik the lines of the tow nship were, in lii'ucral, as laid dou ii hy the court onler of I 71'.'. 
 
 Trenton was in 17'-l'-;a town of l:ooi1 si/e. Will supplied with luilh. with laverns. a town on 
 tlie stati'e mute, a lai'Lic river and h.acls-counti'y tradi-. spaciou~ homes of inlluential citizens, and 
 reccutly hroui;lit into national prominence as a pi'ojected capital of the I'liited States, the applicant 
 for eor[iorate honors w:is deemed worthy of IcLiislatixc assistance. lii the town thi' streets were as 
 follows : 
 
 (iueen (now Broad) sti'cct e<inimeiiced at the north end of the town, at a junction with Kiuir 
 street, and ran due south to tin' hrid^c o\er the .Vssanpink, at Trent's mills. Front street eoni- 
 nieneefl in (Jtieen, a few rods north of the ,\ssanpink hi-idnc in l'>road street, and exteinled west to 
 the ^[asonic lod,i;e. llerethi.' River road commenced and ran up Willow street to I'otts' tanyanl ; 
 thence ^vest, throitiih (Juarry street, hy Ituthei-ford's and Colonel UicUinsoirs iilaees, in a northwest 
 cotu'se, and throuuh IJirminLiham to the liear tavern. Seeoml street (Slate street) conHiieiieed at 
 Chamhers' corner, at Willow street (now corner of State and Willow i, and ran cast, to the o|il iron 
 works, crossing King and (^uecii stii'ct^. King (How Warren ) street cominenced on the I'einiing- 
 ton road and ran, in a southerly direction, hy the old Court House and jail (now Trenton ISank ), 
 to Front street, it thin niergid into the nioomshury road lording the .\ssuii|iiiik. 
 
 The gi-eat center of .ill the upper country traile at this lime was the " Five I'oints,"' where, in 
 fact, the hattle of Ti-i'iitoii commenced and where the monument coinnicniorative tliel-eof now stands. 
 Here were united the Princeton road and the I'ennington road with wliat are now liroad and War- 
 ren streets. Tlie iirunswick pike, now the property of the Pennsylvania railroad, and which also 
 forms a ])art of tliis distrihnlivc system, was not then in existence. It may he incidentally men- 
 tioned that upon the fourteenth of Xovciiiher, ]S()I. the Trenton and New Iirunswick Turnpike 
 Company was chartered, the corporators heing .hniics Kwing, Joshua Wright, John Xeilson, James 
 Schureman and Thomas Hill, 
 
 The road was to he four rods wide from Trenton to New rirunswi<'k, and (liey were to give 
 sectn-ity to the (iovenior to pay tiic suhseription money received liy them to the Treasm-er of llie 
 comjiany. The suhscriptions were two thousand shares, of 8100 each, S'l to lie paid on each sliaro 
 at the time of suhscilhing. 
 
 U])on the .south the F.loomshury roa<l and the extensions of F.road .-trect reached tiic jiLanta- 
 tions of Burlington county. 
 
70 THE CITV OF TUENTOX. 
 
 The iiiliahitants of Trenton liavintr iictitioneil the Legislatuiv, a l)ill to incorporate a part of the 
 township of Trenton was ta]<en up on tlie first of June, 171>-2, and postjxnied. It jiassed tiie House, 
 however, on tiie tiftli of Xovenilier of tliat year; t'oimeil amended the act on tiie twelftli of liie 
 same montli, and i1 was tinaliy passed uixm tiie tiiirteentli. One of tlie facts wlncli led to tlie passage 
 of tlie liill is said to have heeu the inahility of Trenton under a townshi]) government to quell local 
 disturhanees. In tlie s]iriiig of 17'.I2 a small moh luul eauseil disorder near the Methodist meeting- 
 house, 'i'his gave tlie authorities much trouhle, and in eonsecjuence thereof the act of June 1st, 
 17!l2, entitled "All act to preserve- order and decency in places of worship," was passed. This was 
 oiu' of tiie lirst outlireaks against the Methodists ever known in the State of New Jersey. 
 
 Xovemlier l-">tli, 171I2, the city of Trenton was formed from a part of the township of Trenton, 
 witli the following houndaries : '• lieginning at the mouth of Assanpink creek and running up tlie 
 same to Bernaril Ilaiilen's inili dam [old .Millham] ; from thence along the road to the line hctween 
 Trenton and Maidenlieaij ; thence along the said line to the road leading from Tn-nton to Maiden- 
 head ; thence on a straight line to the northwest coriu'r of a lot late of David Brearley, deceased ; 
 thence on a straight line to the northwest corner of the land of f.aniliert Cadwalailer, whereon he 
 now lives ; thence down the western line thereof to the river Delaware; thence down the same to 
 the mouth of the .\ssan]>iiik." 
 
 Deeeniher 21st, 17'.I2, the ollicei-s who had heeii appointeil liy the Legislature held thc'ir first 
 meeting. 'I'hev weix' Moore Furnian, Mayor; Aaron 1). Woodruff, Itccorder ; Samuel W. Stockton, 
 Ahraham Hunt and Alt'.xander Chamliers, Aldermen; Charles Axford, Aljraham O. (,'laypole, 
 William 'I'indall, I'.ernard Ilanlen and Aanm Howell. Assistants, and Pontius I). Stelle. 
 
 According to the late John O. Ramii, these ollicials had tiie following residence : 
 
 Moore Furman was a grandfather to the late ('a]itain 'William ]•]. Hunt, of this city. He hail 
 charge of tile t'ommissarv |)epartment of ihe .\mei-iean army dni'ing the llevoliition in 177<i. lie 
 lived in the State Street House, in State street ; his ollici- was a one-story hriek huilding, and stood 
 on the same spot which the Chancery huilding occupied, now the site of the Trust and Safe Di'posit 
 Company. 
 
 .\aron 1). WoodrniT resided on the corner of Broad and Hanover streets, in the house erected 
 liv Tlionias 1'indall, in 1710. He was for many years iVttorney-Cleneral of the State, which ollic(; 
 he lilleil at the time of his ileatli, 
 
 Samuel W. Stockton lived in the mansion-house in Front street. While .going to l'liiladeli>hia, 
 in eoiiipany with his son, in liis own carriage, lie saw in the neighlioi'hood of Bristol some vc-ry fine 
 cherries, and in an elfort to get them from the trees he fell, ami so injured his -kiill that he ilied in 
 a few days from the etfects of it. 
 
 .\hraham Hunt kept a store in that row of hrii-k Imildings in Warren streit eomnieiieing at the 
 corner of State street, the site of the .Masonic Temple. He resided in tlie northern jiart of the 
 l)uilding. 'i'he front entrance to his liouse was on Warren street. 
 
 Alexander Chamliers was also a merchant. His residence and store was on the northeast corner 
 of State and Willow streets. 
 
 Charles Axford lived in a stone house .south of the feeder of the Delaware and Uaritan canal, 
 in Warren street. The house was hirn down at the time of digging the feetler of the canal. 
 
 Aliraliain C. Claypole lived in a mansion in Warren street. 
 
 M'illiam Tindall lived in a frame house on the east side of Warren street ; the huilding was 
 removeil to the opposite side of the street at the time the feeder was inaile. 
 
 ]?ernard Hanlen lived in the stone house near ^lillham, opjiosite what was formerly I'ratt »t 
 Howell's ilouring mills. 
 
 Aaron Howell lived in a frame house which stoml on the lot in Warren street ; it was after- 
 ward removed ai'ound into Perry street, on the lot now oecu|)ied liy the Trinity M. K. Cliureh. 
 Howell, .son of Aaron, built the house south of it, now owned hy Dr. David Warinan. 
 
 Pontius Dillery Stelle lived on \\'arren street. South of his ri'sidence and adjoining Saint 
 Micliael's Church was Stelle's alley. His store was on the corner of ^\'al•ren street and the alley. 
 Perry street, on its opening in LSl.'J, interfered very materially witli tliis edifice and it was 
 ahandoned. 
 
 The officers of the corporation were a Mayor, who was keeper of the city seal ; a Recorder, 
 who was Dejiuty Mayor; tliree Aldermen, six assistants (Common Councilmen) and one Town 
 
THE CITY OF TRENTON. 
 
 71 
 
 Clrrk. Tlic .Mayor, rtccdi-dor ainl Alili-niuai wrrc .ru.-^liccs of the Prarc i-.r /•flJi-iii. a|i]j(mit('il hy juinf 
 nicotint; and coiiiinissioiKd l.y tlic (iovcrnor. Tlic si.x assistants, Tuwn Clerk, .\sscssiir and Col- 
 lector were c-hoscn liy the |Ho|ilr. Cdinnion Conncil was ronqmscd of the .Mavor, Itcconlcr, .\ldrr- 
 nirn and assistants, who appointed snliordinate olllrcrs, such as Treasurer. .Marshal and Clerk of 
 the Market. Fines were i-ecovered on warrant of the Mayor, liecorder or .\ldei-nien, appeal l\-inj,' 
 to Common Couni'il. Ta\-ern licenses were niider the control of Common Council. 
 
 Before the city ohtained this charter, in fact durinu' the Itevolntion, the Court House of the 
 county of Hunterdon h.-ld heen removed to the ■■ll.iU-e (,f l/,„,-i/ Mu-shoii late Jiiliit l,'i,iil<t in 
 Aintrcn,'' hy act of the Le^islat ure. .March Ith. IT'^O. This measun- w.-is hrouirht ahout hv tlic 
 growing inlluence of the " up-river" settleiiii'uls and hy the power of the plantation haudets in the 
 northern ]iart of Hunterdon coimty. Ti-eiifon was no lomicr the county town of llmitenlon, 
 althoiTu-h in the old jail the prisomrs of war and of the .\dniiralty Court wcri' kept. I'pon tlie final 
 ahand(innient of the (.-ounty pris.)n the "old L;iial" at 'rrcnnm w.is placed innlci- the custody of a 
 Town Jailer, who had the charge (jf city prisoners, criminal and ci\ il. 
 
 On the lOtli of .Tanuary, IT'.).'!, a eoumnttei> consislint;- of the Mavoi-. 
 Rei'order and .\ldernian Hunt was appointeil to i-cport a seal of the 
 corporation. < >u the l.".th of .Tuly tin' followim; w.is selected: ■'The 
 Divice of which is a Sheaf of Wheat pioper, the I nsia-iption ai-ound the 
 Seal, 'City of Trenton' with tlu' motto ]■;; I'ar\is (Iran.les (once Small, 
 nowtlreat)." Iri tin' years ]iast this seal has heen nioililied. .\s in the 
 case of the introduction of tlie ilate. 177<i, upon the i; real seal of .New 
 Jersey, "17'.t"2'' has heen inti'oducc(l upon Ti-euton's seal. The motto 
 has been aholished. Three sheaves now take the place of one sheaf. 
 The crest, similar to that in the great seal of New .Jersey, a na.ir's liead, 
 has been added. 
 
 The desin.' upon the part of many of the iidiahitants of I'.urliniiton county to miite themselves 
 with Trenton a^ain found expression on .lannai-y lotli, 1S17, when a leudslativc p(tition from a 
 number of inhabitants of .Mill Hill and I'.loonisbiu-y. in the township of .Vottinuham, was jire- 
 sented, jiraying t<i be incorpor.ated with the city of Trenton. \i the same time a remonstrance was 
 presented liy a numlicr of the inhabitants of said places against the same. 
 
 From time to time the ehai'ter of the city was altei'cd. The limitations which the Legislature 
 threw around tln^ act of 17!lL* bouml the citizens too clo^i'ly. Thus, by \irtuc of an act passed 
 Deeenilicr 1 1th. l-Sl'li, tlie nundiei' (jf "assistants" was inci-cascil to thirteen. In INMI, the Legis- 
 lature enijiowcred the city to ei'cct a workli<iU>e distinct fi'oni the counuou jail. 
 
 Dtiring this charter and, in fact, until the new State Constitution of INll, when tlie makeshift 
 Constitution of 177G was abolished, the .Mayor, Keconler and thrci' AMcrmen were elected l>y joint 
 meeting and conmiissioned by the (Iovcrnor. The votia-s electcil no ollii-ers other than the assist- 
 ants. Town Clerk, Assessor and Collector, who wcri' i-hosen at town meeting. Then, as the voters 
 exercised the rights of the ballot u]ion a jiropcrty i|Ualilication, the mass of Trentonians liail but 
 little voice in town government. Common Council seleeteil all other ollicers. In s]Fite of this 
 extremely-aristocratic chartt'r, the plan remained as devised for nearly half a century. 
 
 During this period Trenton was outgrowing, slowly luit surely, her village conditions. The 
 wave of reform and social agitation, which swept <iver the eounti'y during the adnnnistralion of 
 President .Jackson, had an imp<irt;int eil'cct upon the State of .\ew .Jersey. It linally lid to the new 
 declaration of organic law in the year \X-14. One of the efbrts of tlie breaking down of trammels 
 was in giving to the city of Trenton, in 1S;;7, a new charter. Whilst the Mayor. Hecoider and 
 Aldermen were still elected liy joint meeting, tin' meetings of Common Coimcil were declared to be 
 open for " the admission of all ))eaceable and oi-<lerly ]iersons." 'l"he city was to receive its (|UoI.m 
 of the school fimd, connnon schools being a part of this renaissance of Ihonght .it the pcrioil, the 
 act itself ])eing submitted to ]iopidar vote bctbre being adopted. Whilst common enough to ns, 
 tlics(! and similar provisions were marked innovations. 
 
CHAl^EH XI [. 
 
 TlIK (OIM'OIIATK I1IS'1■()|;^• ()|- TIIK (TIV oT TltKNTi )X. 
 
 Till-: ciiAirrKi; of is;;;. 
 
 TiiK Xi;\v ('iiAHTKi! — I'dWKits AMI l)rrii;s m- ()i-kiiiai.^ — W'ahds 1':stai;i.isiii:ii and N'Aiiinrs 
 ('iian(;ks iiF [,im:s — Tiik.ntk.v Ausintns Sorxii Tkkntux — Extic.nsion ok :\[rNicii>.\L Powkhs 
 
 AM) Till-: (!l((l\\TIl IIK MoDEHN lUKAS IN ClTY Lll'i: TlJKNTON AT TIIK OTTRKICAK OF TlIK 
 
 A\'ar Bktwkex the States. 
 
 Ill-: 11 IST(»i;V iif the city miller the chartrr (if ls;;7, wliit-li lastcil until 18(>('), is of 
 ') |ic-culi:ir iutevcst, i-ovrriiit;- n |iiTi<i(l whi-n tin- last vestiges of the enliniial fondi- 
 tions were still to lie trm-eil. and when tlu' experiment of imivei-sal siitfra<;o under 
 the Constitution of 1S14 was heiuL' tried. 
 
 On the seventli of ^[aveh. ]S;i7. the inhalntaiits nf the city of Trenton were 
 ineiir|i(irated with full munieijial ]iiiwers. In the new incorporation the risrlite 
 and estates <if the '•Maym- .Mdei-men and .\ssistants of the (_'ity nf Trenton." as 
 well as (if the ■■ Inhahitants (if the Tdwnship of Trenton, in the ('(Hinty of 
 Ilunterilon/" were vested in the new c(irp(irati(in. The (itliei-rs mider the new 
 charter were a !Mayor, who should he the keeper of tin- city seal; liecorder or 
 .\(-tinL;- Mayor, three .\ldennen, twelve niemliers of Cdunndn CdUiK-il, one Clerk, one Assessor, one 
 Collector and one Treasuri'r. The Mayor, Kecdrder and .Mdenneu were ('.i--offirio Justices of the 
 Peace, appointed liy joint meetinu-. Tliey wen- authdri/.ed td hdld a Cdurt df General Quarter Ses- 
 sions of the Peace in aivl fdr the said city, with ]ilenary p(iw(-i-, exe(-pt the heariuLT and deterniinins; 
 of ajipeals in paujier eases." The City Clerk was Clerk of the court, which triliunal had the exclusive 
 ]>owerof (.'ranting tavern lii-eiises. The citizens also chose Overseers of the I'dnr, three or more 
 
 School Coininitteeinen, tw ■ nidre ('(instahlcs, one Judge of Election, three or more Cominissioner.s 
 
 of Apjieals in Taxation, two Chosen Freehdlders, twd Surveyors of the Highways. These officers 
 were em])owercd in the same maimer as those in the townshi]is. 
 
 Connnon Council had jiower to legislate upon a wide range of munieiiial sulijects, could raise 
 money hy tax and borrow money. President of Council, Marshal, Treasurer, Clerk of the Market, 
 '■and such other suhordinate odicers as tliey may think necessary for the good government of the 
 city," were to he selected hy Coum-il. The .lad Keeper, also appointed hy Council, had the 
 custody of offenders sent to the cdnnnon jail, which was also deemed a workhouse under the two 
 acts of ITit'.l. The eor|)oration had ]iower to pave sidewalks, and the Common Council was author- 
 ized to o])en new streets. No street was to he recognized unless opened as aforesaid. This act was 
 addjitcd hy the voters of the city of Trenton upon the lirst day of X\m], 1S;;7. 
 
 In Fehruary, 1.S40, the Jjcgi.slature aliolished the city Quarter Sessions, which were transferred 
 td .Men-er county, tlu' ^Fayor, Piecorder and Aldermen still retaining their powers of Justices of the 
 Peace. They had the exclusive 2>ower of granting tavern licenses. 
 
 In March, 1844, the Legislature provided for the erection of four wards in the city. The First 
 ward extended from the point of intersection of the Assanpink creek and Warren street, thence 
 along Warren to Hanover, thence along Tlauover to the canal, thence ahmg the canal to Second 
 
THE CITY OF TRENTON. 73 
 
 (now State streef), thence along Second "and a, line agrecini; (liiTcwith to tlie Assanpink," tliencc 
 by the creek to the jilaeo of beginning. Tlie Second ward liegaii at the intersection of Warren 
 street and the As;san])ink creek, thence along Warren street to l)e Cou's alley, thence westwardiv 
 along tlie alley to Quarry alley, thence to the Delawan- and Itaritan I'eeder. tiienee to the eitv line, 
 thence down said line to the place ot i.ieginning. The Thinl wanl began at the intersection of 
 De Cou's alley and Warren street, thence along Warren street to the Princeton turnpike, thence 
 along the tiu-npike to the city line, thence by the city Viur to the nui'tlnvest cni-nei' of the Second 
 ward, thence to the phuu; nf beginning. The Fourth ward began at the center of Warren and 
 Hanover streets, thence along Warren street to the Princeton pike, thence along the; pike to tlii' eitv 
 line, thence by the line ami the .Yssanjiink creek to the corner of the l''irsl ward. 
 
 Annual elections wei'e \n be held on tin; necond ^londay in Ai)ril in (■ach of the wards, wlien 
 one Connnon Councilman, one Assessor, one Collector, one Constable, one School Connniltceinan 
 and one Tax .\piieal ( 'niiiinissidiici' wi-re to b(! voted for. One Clerk and one .lud'je of ]'"lectioii 
 with the Assessor and Collector, kejit the polls from ten a. m. to fuur i'. m. 
 
 In 1S45 (March •Jtitli), the former system of ward bnundaries wa> ehaiigcd and llie l^ast an<I 
 West wards were established. The division was marked by a line extending almig the center <if 
 Princeton ))ike from the city line to Warren street, and thence alung the cenda' (if Warren street to 
 the Assanjiink creek. 
 
 The ofHcers of election in the First ward held the polls for tin' l']ast ward, which lav to the 
 east or canal side of the Pennington-Warrtai street division ; the ollicers of tln' Second wai'il becanu! 
 empowered to act in the A\'est ward. 
 
 In 1S47, the Legislature authorized additional powers to the Common Council of tliecilx-of 
 Trenton re.irarding the laving out of streets. Validity was given to roads laid by Sni'vcyors of the 
 Highways. The growth of the city and the development of small lioldiiiLis is shown that, in the 
 case of street openings, the law required the consent of two-thirds of the abutting landowners. 
 Common Council could also accept dedicated streets or alleys, which the city was bound to maintain. 
 Commissioners to assess damages, with provisions for notices of assessments, for the lii-st time are 
 ]]r(ivided. 
 
 In 1849 (Feljruary 28th), the Legislature forbade^ the Common Council to boi-i-ow money unless 
 authorized by ordinance. The; principle of the n-fercndnni was adopteil in this matter, and a 
 popular vote deciile'(l in favor or against the use of the <-ivic (a-e(lit. 
 
 The act of March (jth, b'^oO, among other matters, ])rovided for the manner of assessing faxes, 
 threw into Coun(;il the election of the City Clerk, allowed Council to detci-inine the number of 
 Constables in eaidi ward, extemled the loan systian .and instituted a Uoanl of Health. 'I'hc nuniljcr 
 of members tliercof was left to the Council, as well as the (ptestiou of the tcrniiiiatiou of the ollieial 
 existence of this new commission. The board had ample powia' to take any mi'asure or p.ass an}- 
 regulation calculated to jironiote the pidilic health. Hi'avy line and inipi-isonnieiil were laid upon 
 those who hindered or obstructed the action of this new adjunct to local alTairs. .\lilermen for one 
 year were henceforth to he elected l)y wards and not from the city at lai-gc. 
 
 In this year Trt;nton was ei-eatcil one scliool district, and the ago of tuition was lixed at from 
 five to sixteen. A Superintendent of Schools and two Trustees from each ward were to be chosen 
 by the voters. These oflicials were to have control and regidation of schools, and waa-e to rcpoi't to 
 the State Superintendent through the local Sui)erintendent the details of each institution. .\n 
 amount not exceeding §2,000 was to be aimually voted l)y the citizens in support of the echicational 
 institutions. Until this time Commim Council had appointed a Superintenilent and a Scliool 
 Committee. 
 
 In 18.')1, a further centralizaticm of municii)al functions is to l>e seen in the legislative power 
 given Council to pass ordinances concerning the grading and paving of siilcwalks. 'I"he burden fell 
 upon the property-owner, and lengthy provisions give tin; manner of proceeding in case tlie owner 
 refuse or negh'ct to pay. In case the landlord neglected or refused, the tenant was empowered to 
 deduct the cost of the im])rovement from the rent. 
 
 On .March isth, i.S.52, a fifth ward was erected by tlie Legislature. This ward began al tlie 
 center of Warren and Perry streets, thence along Perry to the Millhani mad, tlnaic.' along the .Mill- 
 ham road to the Lawrence line, thence to the Princeton jiike, thence down Warreai street to tlie 
 jjlace of beginning. The lirst annual election for the said waril was held at the house of Henry 
 K 
 
74 THE CITY OF TRENTON. 
 
 Paiu'k, at tlie BelvitU'VO Hotel. The act annoxing tlio " Jjorough of South Trenton" to tlic eity of 
 Trenton (IS')!) provided that the East ward of Trentoii sliould thereafter he ealh^d the First ward ; 
 the West ward l)eeanie tlie Second ward, whilst the annexed horough of South Trenton hecame the 
 Tliird anil Fourth wards, the division line heinji IJloouishury street from its intersection with the 
 Assan]iink crei^k to Lanihcrton street, thence alonj; Laniherton street to the XottinLdiani line. East 
 of tliis division was tlie Third Wiird, west thereof was the {''ourth ward, leadinj; the way for the 
 Fifth ward of 1,S.")2. 
 
 In .March, 1<S.')8, the lines of the Fiftii ward were altci'ed, as follows : Hcginniiit; at tlie inter- 
 section of M'arrcn street ami Hanover street, rnunins; easterly alon<; the ci'nter of Hanover street 
 to the Delaware and liaritan canal, thence \\\> the center of the canal to Perry street, thence easterly 
 alonir the center of I'erry street to the .\ssan]iink creek, thence alouL; the creek to the Lawrence 
 townshi]! line, thence to the hranch lnni|iike road, thi'nee aloni; the liraueh mad to Warren street, 
 thence to the place of lieginnini;. 
 
 In l.S.")2, ("oninion Council was authorized to pave gutters ami to construct sewers ''I'oi' the 
 drainajre of the city," with expensi- thereof to he assessed ajjainst the pr(i]ierty-owners l:)enelited. 
 
 In Fehruary, IS.^-l, the eiti/cns were authorizeil to elect a Clerk, Marshal, Clerk of the .Market, 
 Street Connuissioner and Treasurer. 
 
 In 1854, Coinieil was authorized to estahlish lire districts and was directed to assess spei-ial 
 taxes on owners of huildinus for the exjienses incident to fuiMiishint,' ilistrids with lire phiLts 
 and tanks. 
 
 In IS.")"), the municipal )io\\crs were further increased, llegulations concerning the wiileninji 
 of streets and assessuu'uts therefor, with lulcs toucliiiio- the estahlishment of grades, are ])resented. 
 
 The "City Atlas" now a]ipears, wliei'cin tin' City Surveyor is recpiired to register the names of 
 lot-owners. The Clerk of the city was to he elected hy Council. 
 
 In 18")f!, the polls o])ened at S .\. m. and closed at 7 P. M. Council was authorized to raise hy 
 tax such sums as may he deemed expeilient. The rate was 70 cents on the hundred dollars. 
 
 From 1S.")2 to 1858, many ordinances were passed ])roviding for tlie grading of sidewalks and 
 gutter-curhing. This was ])ractieally the heginning of the jircsent .system of city improvements. 
 
 Active measures during the sixth decade of the jircsent century were taken toward the ])reser- 
 vation of the piiMi<- health. The markets were jilaeecl under a strict sanitary regime, ami the plan 
 and scoi)e of the ]iolice department were eiilargiMl. In 184'.l, the southeast room of the lirst lloor of 
 the Cit\' Hall was furnished for a Mayor's oHic(\ and a lire-])roof, (! ,\ o, for storing the puhlic docu- 
 ments of the city, was iiuilt. .\t this time these valualile documents were much scattered, and it is 
 hclieved this was the lirst attem])t to ]ireserve the jiapers of the town. 
 
 During the early years of the fifties, Trenton saw the extension of the system of mimicipal gas- 
 lighting. In consideration of a $10. ()<)() suhsci'iptiun <in the part of the city to the proposcil woi-ks 
 of the Trenton (ias Light Company, the corporation agreed to lay their ]ii|ies on Waia-eii street, from 
 the Assanjiink to the Five Points; on Ilmad street, from Lafayette to the fi'ciler ; on I'ront street, 
 from Willow to Montgomery street; on State street, fn>ni Calhoun street to the canal ; mi Hanover 
 and Perry streets, from Broad to Stockton. The company agreed to charge the city at rates not 
 greater than those chargccl to jirivate consumers, the city to erect and keep up lamps at intervals 
 not to exceed four hundred feet. ( .\]i]iroved .lime 7th, 1848.) 
 
 In 1849, the jioor-house was improved, and in ISotj two city ])hysicians and an Ovcrs(>er of the 
 Poor were first )>rovi<led for hy ordinance of Common Council. 
 
 From 185(1 to 181)0, covering, in extcnso, the ]icriod of the war hetween the States, there was 
 a decline in municipal activity. City aft'aii's hecame merged into those of a nation. Men w<'rc 
 ahsorhed in Federal and State politics, and only so far as those of the city related to either or Inith 
 was there great interest manifested. Treiitoifs thoughts were upon the hattle-lield, and upon the 
 soldiers at her doors. 
 
 Nevertheless, suilicieiit interest was had in municipal matters to jiromote an interest in secur- 
 ing a new charter for the city. The docunicut of hS.">7 was heconiing ohsolete. New fields of 
 municipal action were heing developed, reiiuiring additional jiowcrs to he lodgeil in Common 
 Council. Trenton had hecome a city and was no longer a thriving village. In accordance with the 
 demands of Trentonians, on the fifteenth of .March, 1806, the Legislature passed an avt which gave 
 to Trenton a new charter and which remained in force for eight vears. 
 
CHAPTER XII r. 
 
 THE Colil'ORATE HISTORY OF THE CITV oF TIJEXTOX. 
 THE CHAltTEKS ()F ISCC, AXD ls74. 
 
 Trextox Outgrows Her Old Coxditioxs — A Uij.iai) ('iiaktkk— Xkw W'aimi Lixes Estaiu,isiied 
 — Increased Powers of Common Council — Movement for the ruicsEXT Charter — Thexton 
 Embraces Chambersburg axd Millham — The Municipal Functions aiud Extended- 
 Officers of Trenton in 180.") — A List of thi-: Mayors. 
 
 ^"^'"^''^HE CHARTER of ISfid was tc Trent. jii of its .lay a s;if isfact.)ry piivc of lo-islali.m. 
 At tliis juM'i.i.l, Tri'iiton was .liviil.^.l into six war.ls. Tlii> |'"irst war.l cniliracril 
 all the territory from the iiiteivi>eti.iii .if \\':ii-ren sti-eet anil the Assanpink, theiieo 
 throuuh Warren street t.i Haii.iv.'r, th.'ii.-.' t.i the Dclawar.' and Uaritan canal, 
 thence to Periy stri'et, thence al.mi;' Rcn-y stre.'t and in a .lirc.-l hni' tlua-iAvith to 
 
 i^^^-? --. - - " - - 
 
 (£) A cJ Assanpink ii-e.'k, then. -I' al.ini;- \\ :n-|-.'n street loth.' I'rinc.'t.m ]iik.', tliiiU'e to the 
 
 -^-"\ K^i' the Assanjiink creek, thence hy its several c.iurses t.) the ])hice of i)ej.nnnin,u, 
 p V^'^ 11"' i^ei'ond ward l)e^-an at the point of intersection of Warren street a 
 
 nd the 
 
 a 
 
 Ewin^- townshiji line, thence alonu' the line to the Delaware river, thence aloni:: the 
 
 ])elaware to the nioutli of tln' Assan))ink, thence to tlu' ])lace of hcffinninj;. 
 
 The 1'hir.l waril heuan at thi' int.Ts.^.'tion of \\':n-rcn sti'i'ct an.l the Assanpiid< creek, anil 
 
 extended aloni; Warren street to Lainherton, thence to Washinirton streit, thence to the Delaware 
 
 and Raritan canal, thence to the intersection of the canal with the Assanjiink creek, tlience hy the 
 
 mill. lie .if til.' cri'ek t.i tin' pl.i.-.' of heuinniiiLr. 
 
 The Fourth ward hej;an at tlie intersection of Warren street and the Assanpink creek, thence 
 along \\'arren street to Lainherton street, thence along Lanihertonto Washington street, thence along 
 Washington street to th.' Delaware ri\-.'r, thence up the j'iver to the mouth of the .\ssan|iink, and 
 along the center of the creek to the jilace of heginning. 
 
 The Fifth ward hegan at \\'arren street, and extended castei-ly along th.' middleof Ilan.iver street 
 t.i th.' D.'lawarc and liaritno e.inal, thence along th.' i-anal tn Perry street, thence to the .\ssanpink 
 creek, thence along the Assanjiink crei'k, by its various courses, to the l^awrence townshi]i line, 
 thence hy the line of that t.iwushiji and ICwing township to the Princeton turnpike, tlience along the 
 ]iike to Warren street, an.l tli.'U.'c to the pkice of liegiiniing. 
 
 The Sixth ward hegan at the intersection of Washington .street and the Delaware and Uaritan 
 canal, and ran along Washington street to the Delaware river, thence down the Delaware river to 
 the foot of the high hank an'! the ihiniilton township lin.'. t.) th.- D.'lawarc ami ll;n-itan canal, 
 thence along the canal t.'i the place of heginning. 
 
 By this cliarter the term of the JIayor was fixed at one ycai', with each wanl to he eiilitled to four 
 Common Council men, two School Trustci'S for each ward. Ipon theaiuuial spring election, a Mayor, 
 City Treasurer, School Suiicrintendcnt, Overseer of the Poor, Coiincilmen, Puhlic School Trustee.*, 
 Assessors, Constables, Commissioners of Tax Ap[)eals, Chosen Freeholders, Ward Clerks, Judges and 
 Inspectors of Election were voted for by the people — a very marked enlargement (jf the fran- 
 
76 TIJE CITY OF TRKNION. 
 
 chisc when comjiarcd with the cliartcr ])r()vi.>^i()iis of 1792. The Receiver of Taxes was elected for 
 two years. Ihider this cliarter Conimoii Council aj)pointed a City Clerk, City Surveyor, Clerk of 
 the Market, City Marshal, City Solicitor, Street Comini.ssioner, Sealer of AN'eiffhts and Measures, two 
 Police Justices, and sul)ordinate olliccrs deemed necessary for good novernuient in tlu; city. P)y 
 thirty-live se])arate ])rovisious. Conunon Council was jriven wide-reachin<,' ])ower. That l>ody could 
 regulate and control the real anil j)ersonal ])rn|icrty of the city, ])reservc |iulilir peace. su|i])res.s 
 ganililing and disorderly houses, license and regulate saloons, restaiu-ants and the like, or prohihit, 
 restrain, regulate and license all manner of i)ulilic exhiltitions and ]ierformanees. The care and 
 maintenance of the puhlic streets and the regulatJDn nf huildings wt^re under their dii'cctinn. 
 Racing and the sliced of trains were undi-r their control. Protection of pulilic grounds, lighting of 
 streets, regulation of yirivate water-supply, location and care of markets, estahlishing of a Hoard of 
 Ilt'alth, ahating nuisances, were among the p<i\vers vistcd in CiuiMcil. The right to regulate^ inter- 
 ments, swinnning and Itathing in the city limits, weights and measures, day and night ]iiiliee, the 
 fire dei)artment, and taxes was also lodged in the re])resentatives of the ])co])le. 
 
 The dilTcrcnt ]mrposes fur which a tax might he raiscil inchidcd nhjccts which wci'e not even 
 thought of hy the founders of the city. They included street-lighting, sujiiiort and maintenance 
 of the i)oor, construction and rejiair of streets and sidewalks, ]iuhHc grounds ami ])arks : supjiort 
 of puhlic schools, fire and police dc|iar1nicnts and markets; supplying the city with watci- lur the 
 extinguishment of fires and iiaynii-nt of the interest on city deht and tem]iorary loans. Council 
 had power to construct sewers and drains, to lay out streets and pave the same and to provide for 
 assessments for this pur]i(ise. 
 
 Under the stimulus of this new charter Trenton gave evidences of much mtmieiiial vitality. 
 The city extended westward and northwestward, and the "good times" which preceded the panic 
 of hSi .'1 were noficeaMe in this city. This ne\vly-ac(piiri_'d cliai-tci- was an incentive to the incorpura- 
 tion of the horough of Chamhersliurg in ]S7'_'. during ISTU the city outgrew its old markets on 
 Broad street, and the street was oiieiicd tn the puhlic from State to Academy — a wide and well-kept 
 thoroughfare. Tlie centrali/ing of all tlii' Cannlen and Aiiihoy systems under the Pennsylvania 
 Railroad management, and the increased facilities for travel, marked the opening of the .><eventies. 
 
 U] ion the si'cond dayof Ajiril, lS(i7, the Seventh ward of thecityof Trenton was defined hy legis- 
 lative enactment to he all that ]Mirtiiin of the city of Trentun mirth of the Delaware and luu-itan 
 canal and the feeder. The development of the northwestern portion of the city was one of the 
 causes which led to this move, and its results have heen very marked upon the growth of the town. 
 The Seventh wai'd has heconie largely a residential sectiim, the high lands lieing nidre advantageous 
 in the matter of good drainage and pure air. The city streets ri'ceived the careful attention of 
 Conunon Council, and the early demand for good ])avements and a sewerage system was one of the 
 
 features of city life of the time. The pulilic sel Is were enlarged and iinprii\ed, the stores liecamc 
 
 more metropolitan and individualized, and the fir.st large place for jiopular amu.sement, Taylor 
 Ojiera House, was erected when ISO? was ushered in. The old hip-roofed, colonial houses, with 
 dormer windows, ami the low three-story " hrieks " that were imiiosing structures in 1.S2.5, gave 
 way to the modern dwelling or trade emporium. 
 
 Trenton stood u]ion the verge of a n(>w existence ! 
 
 Whilst the charter of lS(J(i had many merits, it was Udt thorougly ada|ite(l to the needs of a 
 growing city. Therefore, ujion the iiincfccrith day of March, 1S71, Trenton assumed a new ivic 
 and was granted her pri'sent charter. 
 
 Upon the nineteenth of March, 1S74, the Legislature jiassed a statute entitled ".\n act tn jiro- 
 vide for the more ellieient government of the city of Trenton," the jiresent instrument of muuiciiial 
 autonomy. The lines as laid down for th(> seven wards then constituted have not heen altered 
 except in so far as the erectinn of the Eighth ward .altered the Iniundaries of tlu> old Fifth. Upon 
 the consolidation of the township of Millham and the horough of Chamhershtn'g with Trenton, 
 Chief Justice fiercer Beasley ajiiiointi'd connnissioncrs to divide into wards the amiexed territory 
 (under a si)ccial act of March .'JOth, ISSS). The connnissioncrs selected were William S. ^■ard, 
 George R, 'Whittaker, James S. Aitkin and Lewis Parker, who reported their lahors as complete upon 
 the first day of June, 1888. The ward lines as then laid down com])rise tlu' jiresent lioundaries of 
 the Eighth ward (Millham), and the Ninth, Tenth and Eleventh wards (Chandiersburg). 
 
THE CITY OF TltKXTOX. 77 
 
 This (■liart<'r iif isTI is a ninsl compri'lK'Hsivr IcLiislativc iii'ant nl' puwcr tn a iuunici|ialit\'. I>v 
 it^< vai-imis divisions tiic ]n'cinlc arr uivrii the alistilute roiitriil nl' the selection of their (iHii-ials, citiicr 
 hy ilirrct vote or throULili their rejireseiitatives in Coniniun ("ouneil. Tlie ]]o\vers ami ilnties of 
 ( 'on HI ion ( 'onneil are in I he main similar to those of the chart ei- of ISCC, \\-hilsl I lie varied fnnetions 
 of a tir<i\vin.n city an.' the sulijeets of henelieial letiishition. 
 
 rpoii tile sixteenth of ()<-tolH'r. ISSS, the general orilinanees wc-re I'evised and consolidated, 
 Thev enilira<'i' city leiiislation in I'cfercnee to fhi' lioard of Assessors ; the ins|iection, construction 
 and alteration of liiuldint;s, with the lire limits laicl down ; the nund)erin,L;' of hnildinns — State street 
 lieing tlie hase line north and south, and I'rin<-eton avenue. Warren street and the wharf line of the 
 Delaware from the Assanpink to the city limits the hase liin' east and west. The cleaninji' of 
 chimneys, the City Clerk, City Hall, City i'hysicians, city printinir. City Solicitor, City 'I'rcasurer, 
 also coming under the various cha])tcrs of these ordinances. Disorderly persons, nuisances and tin' 
 fii-e depai'tmcnt ai'e olhei' suhjects upon which there has heen leifislatioii. Since ISSS the ci|\- has 
 de\-eloped its lields of action, and the ri'sults have heen most lii'atifyini;:. 
 
 .\ i;reat clianire was hrouLiht ahout in mnnicip.al alTaii-s on .March 'i^ld, IS'.I-J. Then the Lc^ds- 
 laturc passc(l ;ni act constitntini;' a municipal lloind of i'ulilic Works in (his cily as well as in cialain 
 other <-ities of the State — Camden and Paterson. The act proviiled that the I'.oard should consist 
 of live meml>ci-s. ap])ointcd hy the flavor of the city, which Hoard should he snhstituted for Com- 
 mon Council. The I'xiard of I'nhlii- Works were empowered to have full control ^if all matters 
 ri'latinn; to the streets, sidewalks, sewers water works and water-su[iply, and to tin- end were to 
 a)>point a Clerk of the Board, Street Connnissiont'r, Si'wer Eniiineer, Su]ierintcndent of A\'atcr 
 \\'orks. The Mayor was aulhoii/.cil to appoint the City Clerk, City ComptrolliT. City Ti-casurer, 
 City Counsel, Itcceiver of Taxi/s and Inspector of llnildiiiLis, Lamps, Wells .and I'mnp-. liules for 
 the siovcvnment of the Bi>ard were ]iasscd hy its memliers. 
 
 Tn accordanc-e with the jirovi-ions of the act. the M.iyoi- .appointcil Cari'ct I ). W. \'room. who 
 hccanie President of the Hoard : .\nlliony .\. Skinn, Joseph T. i;id'.:«ay, .lames K. Hanson, John 
 \y. P.rooke. 
 
 I'lidci- this Board. Ti-iaiton's ailvance in the hnildini;- of hci- sewers, the i-are of hei- sti-eets and 
 thi' lietterin<;- of her water dejiartmcnt will ever he a hriLihl pa:jc in the history of the cily. Trenton 
 made marvelous ]ir(\trress in evei-y direction, and the impelu> the city received threw her foi'ward in 
 prosjress and in stahility. 
 
 Tin- Boai'il. after ;ni eventful career — eventful in acconiiilishing ureat ,i>-ood — was alxilished on 
 yi.w sth, IS'.il, hy act of the Legislature. Its aholition was, of course, a ]iolitical exi.iiency. 
 
 The citv. .after this /^('(/(//c of the Board of Works, retm-ncd to its tormci- method (.)f f^ovenunent 
 and still continues to act nndci- its oM chartei-. The followinu i-^ the list of city ollicials on 
 July 1st, IS'-K) : 
 
 Mayor, Kmory X. Vaid. 
 
 City Clerk, C. Edward >[urray. 
 
 As.sistant City Clerk. Ihau-y P,. Salter. 
 
 City Treasurer \V. J. B. Stokes. 
 
 Assistant City Treasurer K.S.Wilson. 
 
 City Compfrollcr. ......-■ 
 
 Assistant City Comptroller. ...... 
 
 City Solicitor, -'"l"' Bi'll^l^ih. 
 
 Receiver of Taxes, C. Harry Maker. 
 
 City En.Ldneer, *'•<'• H^'vcn. 
 
 Judt^e District Court, Channcy H. I'.easley. 
 
 Clerk District Court (h'or-c X. I'acker. 
 
 Suiierintemlent police and JMrc .\larm 'i'elei:ra]pli, . . Charles C. Drake. 
 
 Chief of Police, Charles II. .McChesney. 
 
 Police Sur-eon, William P. Van Duyn. 
 
 I .lohn J. Clearv, 
 
 Captains. ,f Police, (William llurtn>an. 
 
 Howard S. Titus. 
 .1. 11. P.. Howell. 
 
TIIK ( ll'V OF TltKNTuN. 
 
 City J[:irslial, 
 Janitor City Hall, . 
 Street CDniniissioiicr, . 
 Sclioi>l Siqicrintcnilriit, . 
 Uuildiiii;' liispectdr, 
 
 Police .lu.-^tii-cs, 
 
 City Physicians, . 
 
 Overseer of the Poor, 
 Stewanl of Alms llnuse. 
 Sealer (if W'cidits and Measures, 
 Chief Kn^inecr Fire 1 )epai-lnient, 
 
 Assistants 
 
 P>(iartl I if Assessors. 
 
 Kihnund 11. Nutt. 
 
 Walter Serul>y. 
 
 John ( iinder. 
 
 r>eslie C. Pierson. 
 
 William ir. Leo. 
 ( i>(iuis Coutier, 
 ( William J. Crossley. 
 f E. L. Dickinson, 
 I I^. J). Tomjikins. 
 
 William ^r. Nutt. 
 
 I.. F. P,aker. 
 
 C.ttleil. Jenter. 
 
 William :\rc(iill. 
 ( Cliai-les S. Allen, 
 i James W. Px'nnett. 
 Lewis P. Williams, 
 AliihouMi M. Pycraft, 
 Martin Keegan, 
 John C. Schwei/.er, 
 Levi U. Furnian. 
 
 "he followiiej; are the ollicei-s anil memhers of Conmion Conneil : 
 
 President -I"!'" ^^'- I'-n'"''-- 
 
 Clerk, 
 
 First Ward, 
 
 ( '. Ivluard M m'l'ay. 
 ( ( Jeiii-Liv \\'. .Mai|iherson, 
 
 t F. V. C. Wiiudw.ii'd. 
 
 \ William Jackson, 
 
 ( Richanl C. Oli|iliaut. 
 
 f Enoch W. Cas.', 
 
 ■( Peter K. ]'.aker. 
 
 I James Fury, Jr., 
 ( William Ci'ojiii. 
 ( .lusc|ih C. Dye, 
 
 '( Many !•:. Fisher. 
 
 ( John ( ). ( 'limiodo, 
 ( Iliiii) J. Nicklin. 
 ( J.imi- r.. I'.cll. 
 
 "I Frank .M. W.'ller. 
 
 ( Walter Firth, 
 
 '( William H. J'.aker. 
 
 i Amos P>. Seudder, 
 
 '( John Hazlett. 
 
 f Fred. A. Walker, 
 
 (John W. P.atcs. 
 
 ( Freih P. lieese. 
 Eleventh Ward, | Frederi.-k P.^try. 
 
 All IJeimhlieans except the representatives of tlie F.iurlh ward. 
 
 Throntrh tlie researches of the Hon. (}. D. W. N'ro.mi, the following is a correct list of .Mayors 
 of the city of Trenton : 
 
 r.NDKK TUic niisT cn.U!TP:n. 
 
 i)r. Thomas Cadwalader, Chief Burgess. 
 
 Second Ward, . 
 Third Ward, 
 Fourth A\'ard, . 
 1-ifth Ward, 
 Sixth Ward, . 
 Seventh Ward, 
 Eiuhth M'ard, . 
 Nintli Ward, 
 Tcntli Ward, . 
 
THE CITY OK TUKNTON. 
 
 rM)KI( TIIK SKCOM) AM) SUIiSICiiUENT Cir.UtTl';!!?:. 
 
 ^\nnvr Fiinnnii. 17'.I2-17'.M, 
 
 Aanm I )ii-lviiisuii W'dodrulT, 1 7'-l4-17'-l7. 
 
 JaiiK's Ewiiii;-, ] 7'- '7- ISO."), 
 
 .losluia Wri-lit, 1 S();;-l SOC, 
 
 Sta.y P.itts. l.S()i;-]si4, 
 
 I'x.lii'vt M.Xraly, 1sM-1s;;l>, 
 
 Cliarli's I'.iin-uimlis. lS;i-J-l,S47, 
 
 Saiiiurl [[. IlaiiiiHoii, 1S4.S-1S-1'.), 
 
 William ('. II., well. IS-lll-lS.-.O, 
 
 \\'illiani Xajituii. 1 s.',( I- 1 s:,-_>. 
 
 Juhn i;. Tiirkrr, ISo-J-lS.-.l, 
 
 William Xaptoii, lS."i4-ls:)r), 
 
 .Tuliii i;. Tucker, lsr,.-)-i,s,-,(j, 
 
 J.is.-iih Wu.hI. 1s.-,(;-1s.",;), 
 
 Franklin S. Mills, IS.V.I-lSfil, 
 
 William I!. :\IrK,.aii, lS(il-lS(;:l, 
 iM-anklin S. Mills, ].S(;:!-].S(;7, 
 Altivil itccd, isi;7-is(;,s, 
 William Xa|,l<in. 1 scs-l s71, 
 •Idlm l!i-icsf, Is7|-i,s7:,. 
 Wi'slcy ( 'rrvi4iiiL;-. 1S7")-1S77, 
 l»aiii(l ]',. M.Kliiii". 1S77_1.S7!), 
 William i;irr, 1S7',UI,S,S1, 
 Cai-nt 1). W. \'r<,..iii. lssi-l.S.S4, 
 Ki.lian! A, Ddmully, 1 SS4-1S.S(), 
 .ImIih W(„,lv,-i-i,iii, iss(;-]s.s7, 
 l''rauk A. Mai^owan, 1S.S7-1SS;I, 
 Anthony A. Skirm, IS.SD-lS'.)], 
 Daniel .1. Urchtel, i.s;i]-l,S'.);5, 
 .Im<,|,Ii i;. Shaw, is'.i;;-i.s',).',, 
 
 N. ^'anl. IS'.i.-.. 
 
CHAPTER XI \^ 
 
 THE AWEXKr) T)rsTl!T('TS. 
 
 Tkkn'I'hn's riitDwni ntiiM Wniiix, OrrwAiin — Townsiiips of Indki'kndf.ncI': anh ICwixi; — Towx- 
 siiii' OF r>A\vi{KX(i-: — 'riii; l!oi;<iiini of Softii Tjjk.xtox — Township of irANrii.T(j.x — Township 
 OF Nottingham — Oiri.ixi-: Skiricu of CitAMni:i:siiri!(; — Township of .Millii.vm — The Present 
 
 J{oUoF(HI OF WlI.IUK AND ITS OFFIiEItS — CaI)WAI.AIiI:i; I'l.ACE. 
 
 •'^'^ 
 
 1!1',XI<>X, ill its systiMii ot rxtciisioii of rity limits, lias at various times eiiiliract-d 
 ]Hirtions of coiitiiiiKiUs to\viislii|is. So rmirli of tlic amirxccl ilistricts as arc prop- 
 rrly a portion of tlir ]irc-ciH i-ityof Ti'ciiton. avr wnilhy of consideration. The 
 ])lan of absorption lias iii'vir licen violent. l>ut I'vcry move made has met with the 
 general consent of liotli Trentonians and their neiulihors. The annexed districts 
 have hecome meru'ed into Trenton in the strictest sense of the term. When the 
 township or horouuh hecanie of sulhcient size, Trenton sjiread her protecting arms, 
 anil the union was coiiiplefe. In this conservative tiut slow growth, Trenton lias 
 been most fortunate. No great wilderness of unoccupied territorv, dignified hy 
 the name of "city," surrounds Trenton. Her |iopulation crowds her every limit. 
 She jiays for no miles of sewers through country roads, nor electric lights to illuminate wheat-fields. 
 No mounted ]>olice are necessary, and thi' liiu- hetwccii city and country is very sharply dcliiii'<l. 
 
 Trenton's first experience with her sulnu-liaii iiit<'rests was during the period of her incorjiora- 
 tioii. The act of IT'll' cut into two |iarts the old township of Trenton. The city appropriateil thi; 
 name so long honored, and the remaiiidci- of the iiihahitants of the township felt that they must do 
 something to redeem themselves, so it came alioiit that the citizens of that portion of Trenton town- 
 siiip not includcil within the corporation, upon the twentieth of May, 17'.i-">, prcseiiteil a p(>titioii 
 that they he set ofi' into a townshi|i. to he known as Indepeiiileiice. A hill fortius jmrpose was 
 presented, with a remonstrance from the citizens of Trenton. it was agreed to suhniit the decision 
 of the hill to the House of Asscnihly, where it jiasscd upon the thirty-tirst of -Tanuarv, 1794, 
 hut was defeated in Council on the eleventh of Fehruary. This is the territory which later hecame 
 the township of Ewiiig uiion the twenty-second of I'eliriiary, IS-'ll. The name Ewing was given 
 thereto in honor of Chii'f .lustice Charles lowing, who had died in the year l.S'52. 'J'his township, 
 wliich was then a part of the county of Hunterdon, was ahsorhed into Mercer county in 1S;!S. 
 
 In ISK), on ]K'tilion of the iiihahitants. the Legislature clianged the name of Maidenhead to 
 that of Lawrence township. The latter name had hecome somewhat olijectionahlc to the citizens, 
 although commemorating a place in England. I'lirthermorc, they desired to pay homage to Com- 
 modore Lawrence, who was a citizen of New .Jersey, in fact, of JJurlington county, and had then 
 recently gained his naval victory. Li ISoS, Lawrence township became a part of Mercer county. 
 In 1844, March 14th, a ]iortion of the northeast sei'tion of the city of Trenton was amie.\(>d to Law- 
 rence, whence it had been taken in ISoT. 
 
 On the twcnty-eightli of I'^'bniary, 1840, the Legislature I'rccted a iiortion of N'ottingbam town- 
 ship into the borough of South Trenton. Its b<iunds were markt'd by the Assaiijiink creek, the 
 canal, Cass street and the Delaware river. This included what is now the Third and Fourth wards 
 of the city of Trenton. t)n the nineteenth of March, ISol, the Legislature annexed this borougli 
 to the city of Trenton, tlierel)V constituting the Third and Fourth wards. I'lidcr the incorporating 
 act, James ]M. Redmond was appointed Cliief Burgess ; James IL Sims and Bailey A. West, Assist- 
 
TIIH CITY OF TUKXTOX. SI 
 
 ant I!uriifs*(\« ; ]\rarsliiill C. Ilulmcs. llii;li CmstaMc. aii.l .lar.,1, H. .laiiii's. l:..rou,-li Clrrk, ((, cun- 
 tiniR' in otiicc until tiu-lirst 'I'licsday in .May. isil, and I'nmi tlicncclurtli until ..tiiciy .slh.uld \h- duly 
 apiMiinted in their placi's. 
 
 Ujion the clcvcntli of .March. \S\-2. tli<' lM\vnslii|, ,,r Xoltin-hani ua~ suhdivi.lrd liv the civrtion 
 of tlio tow-n.-^hip of Ihunilloii. It- hounds wciv marked hy the I )iii\vare and Uaritan canal, where 
 it crosses the Assanjiink creek, the Crosswieks creek, the ivi^t \\'inds(jr and West M'indsor lines, and 
 the Assanpink creek, hy its several courses, to tln' placi' of liei;iuniiiL;. In lS(i,S, the tcwnship \va,s 
 divided into two election districts. I''i-(]ni the lnwn^liip df Il.iinihon in |s7-_' ( April lM ) the hui-(iii^]i 
 of Chaudiershurii- was formed. The legislative Ijouuds included the present limits of the .Ninth, 
 Tenth and k]le\iaitli wai'ds. 
 
 This early-cstahlished townshi]i. lyinji; eonti.nuous to Trenton, wa- .aniou;:- the townships which 
 fonneil Mercer county ( act of Fehruary I'l'd. ls;!S). Tliis new county ..f Mercer ineludcd the town- 
 ships of Tri'iiton, Kwini;, L.awrcuce and Hopewell nf the comity of llunt(a-don, .Xdttiniiham of the 
 county of ]Jurlin,uton, Fast \Vin<lsoi' and West Wimlsoi' uf tln' ountvof .Middlesex, as then con- 
 
 stituteiL On the twenty-seventh of the -miie month, a poiii.in of Montuomei'v township. S ersct 
 
 county, anil tliat portion of West Windsoi' in the Imrou'jli of I'lincefon, were erected into the town- 
 ship of I'rineetoii. Trenton was selected as the county capital after a spii'in'd cimtcst. 
 
 Upon the si.xth day of ^hu•l■h, IS.JC, all that portion of the township of .Notliniiham Iviiiii' north 
 "of the lini' di-awn from tln' lime kiln on the l»elaware and Itaritan canal aloui; the foot nf the liii;h 
 bank westerly to the Delaware river," was aniH'Xcd to the city of Trenton. 'I'his hecame the Sixth 
 ward of Trenton. The remainiuL;- portion of the township was annexed to Hamilton townshii>, 
 which eradicated from the map the last ti'aec of uld .XnttiuLiham. 
 
 A.\ OuTLi.Nio Skio'I'cii of ('ii.\.Mni:i;srai;o, wrrn 1 1 isroiiu ai. .\ i.i.isio.xs to 'I'mc 
 
 CuAMIiKKS l'\\MII,'|-. 
 
 All that part of Trenton liuunded hy the Delaware and l!ai-itan c;in.-il. .\ssanpiuk la-eck, 
 Chainhei's street and Lalor street, was the lioi-oui;li of ( 'hamliei-shm'.i;' until its consulidation with the 
 city of Trenton iqnin the first day of May, 1SSS. 
 
 The founder of Chamliershui'L; was the late lioliert ( 'haiiihcrs, whose familv had heeu residents 
 of Trenton and vicinity for live generations. 
 
 Mr. Chamhers ])urcha,sed some of the ( 'hamhcrshur'j land as early as IS'iO and used it for 
 farming ]iurposes. .\liout IS,".;; Mr, Chamhci-s employed .lulm II. Whiltakci-. then a hoy-student 
 of surveying, to draw a map of this property mi the White llnisc r.iad. cimsisting of ahout twenty- 
 seven acres. 
 
 The following year. ISol, ^Fr. ( 'hamliers luiilt three three-story hrick houses on the corner of 
 W'asliington, JJroad and Coleman streets, consisting of a store on the corner of Washington and 
 ]5road, the next a dwelling, the third a hotel. The latter was on the corner of 15roa<l and Coleman, 
 with its sign-post '■ Cliamhersliuig Hotel." 'I'his was the heginning of Chamhershurg. He soon 
 erected five frame houses on J5road and Coleman streets. .\ year or two later he constructed a 
 woolen factory on tlu' southeast corner of IJroad and Coleman streets. This was hurni'd ahout ISo.S 
 or 1859. He then erected another large fnur-storv lirick factory on the corner of Coleman and 
 Houghton streets, whicji was used for a short time as a hliiid and slia<le factory. During tlu' Ci\ il 
 war it was rented hy Quartcnnaster-dcneral I'errine as liarraeks for the soldiers. At oni' time this 
 edifice .sheltered ahout one thousand men. 'Hiis huilding was ]iartially deslroyi'd hy lire and was 
 rehuilt in three stories. After this it was uscil as a cracker hakcry. 
 
 Ahout twelve or thirteen years after >[r. Chamhers huilt these houses, the Home haml Asso- 
 ciation laid out lots in 18()7, south of his pr()])erty and toward the canal. On tlie east, the Work- 
 man's r>and Association, T.indeii Park Association and Mechanics" hand .\ssoeiation laid out llieir 
 lotsa1)out ]S(;'.). 
 
 An act to incorporate the horough of Chamhershurg, in the townsliip of Hamilton, county of 
 Mercer, was a]>proved hy Senate and (iencral Asscmhly of tlic Slate of New .Icrscy, April 2d, \X7'2. 
 
 Robert Chambers [\. was a son of llohert Chambers, a soldier in the Uevolutionary war. 
 Robert Chi^mbe^•s I. wna at the battle of Trenton, although but eighteen years old at that time In 
 h 
 
S2 Till". CITY OF TRENTON. 
 
 the Historiciil Society "f IVnnsylvaniii there i.>< a §50 Contuieiital note whicli Cai)tain Ivohcrt 
 Chanihers received as i)art pay fur services rendered in the Revolutionary army. 
 
 After the war Captain Cluuvihers ke])t a stni-e on State street, between Warren and (iueen (now 
 Broad) streets. After a few years lie removed to his ])lantation in Middlesex county, hut afti'r- 
 ward returned to Trenton, i)urcliased a house and irrounds on the west side; of (iueen (now ]5road ) 
 street, and south of the Court House, about one hundred and si.xty feet on the street, and extend- 
 ing; the same distance liack therefrom. .V French ij:entlcman, a friend of .Joseph Honaparte, 
 ex-Kini; of Spain, had the L'Vouiids laid out in walks and flower-beds, which added much to the 
 beaiitv of the street, l)nt not likin,";' this comitry as well as France, sold the i)roperty to Mr. 
 Chambers and returned to his own country. Here Cai)tain Chaml)ers resided until his death, bSlo, 
 his wife Francinah Rec(ler. snrvivint;- him about ciirhtccn months, lioth wrre niend)ers of the 
 First Presbyterian Chui-ch and wei-e Imricd mar the cent<'r of tin- cliurchyai-d. When the present 
 church was built in bS.'S'.t it was conclude<l to place tic new e<liliee mori' in the center of the church- 
 vard as the old church was on the west side of the plot. The irraves of Afr. and Mrs. Ch.-imbers. 
 tliree grandcliildrcn ami manv other fiunilies, came just inside of the northeastern fonmbitiou wall. 
 This ex])Iains the reason for their headstones beinu placeil in the norlheaslcni onlsiilc wall of that 
 church. 
 
 Robert Cliainbers, the foumh'r of Chambersburu', was descendeil fi-om a lonu' line of pious 
 ancestoi-s, datinir from the religious i)ersecutioiis in I'"landcrs. The family llnl to S.-otland. Here 
 thev again suiTercil religious persecutions in tin- i-cigii of Cbai'les II. ami .laims II, They then 
 souirlit refugi' in .\nierica. The oi'iginal emigrants of the Chambci-s line sailed from Leith, the sea- 
 i)ort of Kdinburgh, Scotland, in tlie ship " Henry and l-'raneis.'' which left August l.st, Ki.S."). After 
 a tedious voyage of lifteen wei'ks tlu-y ai'rived at I'i'rth .\iiilioy ami settled lirst at Piseataway, where 
 they purchased land. .\ftirward, as eai-ly as ITOH. the family pui-eh;iM'<l l;md in old Windsor 
 township, Middlesex county, now Wasliiiii^ton township, Mercer county, near Allentown. ,\ pai't 
 of this property is now in the possession of .Miner U. Chambers, I^S(pnre, of Trenton. 
 
 Robert Chambers, the founder, was, like his fathei', a i-oiisisteut nn'mbci' nf the Fii'st Pi-esby- 
 terian Chui'ch of Trenton for forty-six years, anil was a noble-hearted, publie-spiriti'd man. He 
 departed this life February liiid, l<S(i.'). 
 
 Mii.i.nA\r. 
 
 By act of the T;egislature ])asscd February 10th, bSS'2, the township of Millham was set off from 
 the townsliiii of I>awrence. The bounds began in the center of the Assan])ink creek, on the easterly 
 line of Trenton, ami following the several courses of the crc'i'k, on the lin<' of llamihon townshi]), 
 to the line of tint iMiterpi'ise Land Association, thence by the iMiterprise I.anil Association to the 
 center of Brunswick aveinie, thence westerly to the lowing township line, tlienee soutlu'i'ly along the 
 JMving-Lawrence line to the helaware and Kai-ilan can;il. tlienee to the Law leiiee-Ti-entoii line ami 
 ailing the same to the jilaci; of beginning. 
 
 Th(- first township oflicers were elected at the town meeting at the liousi' of .lames I >. MeManus. 
 
 Millham was largely a portion nf tlie old Philemon I )iekinson estate, wliieh, with other prop- 
 erties, came into the ]iossession of the Fast Trenton I.amI ami P.uilding Company in l^liti. and the 
 Enterprise Land Company in 1S78. 
 
 .Millham is essentially the ]iottery. tile and laibber mainifaeturing district of the city. It is 
 this portion of Trenton that is strictly called the '• Statfordshire of America,"' where all gi'ades of 
 pottery arc made, from tlie coarse clay "saggi'r"" to the fragile P.elU'ck cup. 
 
 I'lioii the thirtieth day of March. 1 >iX>;, the Legislature jiasscd an act consolidating Millham 
 with the city of Trenton. By this, Millham became the f'iglith ward. The act took eifcet the 
 first day of May of that year, 
 
 Wii.iu'u. 
 
 The organization of Wilbur into a borough was effected under the Borough Coimnission act of 
 1882. A special election of the inhabitants of that ]iortion of Hamilton township was held in the 
 William G. Cook school-house on the eighteenth of .Vjiril, IS'.i], and the borough was erected by a 
 vote of forty-nine to thirty-six. This method of a Borougli Commission did not fully meet the ends 
 
THE CTTY OF Tltl<:NT()X. 
 
 83 
 
 designed. In tliiit tlic ncwly-crcclcd inuiiicii>;dity was in such dirrct ciinncctiMii with tlic citv (if 
 Trenton, tlic Cnniniission ],lan did not nivc the latitude dcsircil, ami the inhahitants desired to avail 
 themselves of the ]ivovisions of a later h\\\. Therefore, hy vii'tue of tlu> "Act for the fornialioii 
 and .u-ovenunent of Iniroudis," apinMvcd April I'd, IS'.ll, the " r><in>u,Lili Connnissiim of Will. in-" 
 was erected into the •■ r.orou.i:;h of Williur," the certilieate hi'in,t;- filed May ITtli, \S'.)-2. On the 
 tenth of May, IS'.l-J. in the William (I. Cook sehooldiouse, the election to this end resulted in a vote 
 of one luiiidred and thirty-four to nine. 
 
 The hounds of Wilhur are thus set forth : " I'.eninning in the midille of tlie Assan[)ink creek 
 at a jioint where the eastern line of the East State Street and (ireenwood .\venue Land Association 
 if continued would interseid the said creek, and lunniiiL' tluaiee westerly alonj.' the line of the said 
 Assanpink ereek to a point where Chamhers street liridLie ci-osses tin- said ereek, thence soutiierlv 
 along Chamhers street to Jefferson street, thence noiihea^terly along -lell'erson street to Olden avenue, 
 thence inirtherly along Olden avenue to llaniilton a\einii', thence easterly aloii'j; 1 lamilton avenue 
 to a pciint oppositi' the eastern line of I'.ast State Sti'eet and ( ireenwonil .\venue Land .\ssoeiation, 
 thence IK Hi heily aliiiig said ea,--teilv line of East St a ti' Street and ( ireeiiw 1 .\\i'iiue Land Associa- 
 tion, in a sti'aight course, to the .\ssnnpink creek aforesaiil ami the place of hegiiming." 
 
 Lndir its |iresent organization the iMiruiigh of Willmi' depi'inls npuii 'I'rentnn for its water- 
 supply and for its gas and electiic lighting facilities. Lni'ing the suminei-nf 1 SI).") the horouirh 
 purehiised a cheniii-al tin- engine. It also niaintains its own system ni jjdiice. In late years Wilhin- 
 has grown with rapidity, .\lthoiigh not in the annexed district, the situation (if the horoiigh renders 
 it liighly pi'dliahle that it will foiiii a |iart (if the city of Trenton ere many years have gone hy. 'I'he 
 fiilliiwing is the present org.-inization of the lioiMUgh : 
 
 :\lay..r, 
 
 CiinniKin ( 'ouncil. 
 
 Clerk, 
 
 Asse.ssor, 
 
 Collector, 
 
 Solicitor, 
 
 Sui'veyor, 
 
 Marshal. 
 
 Schodl Tiustee: 
 
 I lai ry Iv L.arlow. 
 ( Charles 11. Christ(i]>lier, 
 ! William A. Sanford, 
 1 ,\ai'on ( iagL;-, 
 [ (leorge 'i'unnicliife. 
 
 Alhert Edward Dearden. 
 
 .I.ihn Hess. 
 
 John ('o.xon. 
 
 JSartoii 1!. Hutchinson. 
 
 E. 0. Weir. 
 
 Samuel T. Hawkins. 
 [ William Thomas, 
 
 Willi.am E. I'.l.inr, 
 
 Mark Mose.s, 
 
 (h'orge W. I'riee, 
 
 .Millard V. Snyder, 
 
 William H. Loese, 
 
 Irvin Woltiiiger, 
 
 Thomas II. II umphreys, 
 
 Xahiir l:. ^•al■d. 
 
 Caii\\ai,.\iii:i; I'i.ack. 
 
 "Cadwalailer I'lace" is the only Ideality in the neighliorhdod df Treiildii that has hceii 
 <h've]o])ed e.xclusivelv for a residence (Hiarter. i''or four generations it was the home of a liraneli 
 of the Cadwalader family, a Welsh family that has liecii ideiililie(l largely with the growth and 
 ])rosperitv of the citv of Treiildii. Doctor Thomas Cadwalader was the Chief I5tugess of Trenloii in 
 174.S, and fdr a hiinilrcil and tiftv years memhers of the family have heeii ]irominent in colonial, 
 national, State and local alTairs. 
 
 The tract comprises one hundi-ed and fifty acres, and is cligihly located upon tlie hank of the 
 Delaware river, hetween Cadwal.-idcr I'ark and the city proper, and is rapidly hcing luiill up with 
 beautiful resideiice.s. 
 
84 
 
 THE CITY OF TRENTON. 
 
 Tlic tract was liamlsomoly laiil out witli macailauiizi'd roads, f()()t-|)aths, sewors, pis aiul water 
 lu'l'ore it was olTcrcd for salo ; tlir iiiiiucivciiii'iits cost 8S(),0()0. The land is divided iiitn larue plots 
 and sold with miinerous restrictions, cliier anionir which are tlie ]iiMhilpitiiin of the eanyirii; nn of 
 nianiifaetvn'inL; or incrcantile alTairs, or tiie <:\\r of li<|nor. 
 
 (11,11 C\i.\\ u \iii.:[t ^^\^■sI(.^■. 
 
 There were nianv ]irci|iheeies ihai Ihe exjierimeiit avouM he costlv and disastrous, hnt on the 
 contrary the inijifo\rniciil> and the I'olriclions struck llie jjopular fancy, ami the rcsuU was very 
 salisfactoi'v. 
 
 HKMUKVCK OF E. C. IIll.I, C'AllWAl.AllKIt PLACK- 
 
THE CITY OF TRENTON. 
 
 85 
 
 'I'lic Liiiiri-nl scope lit' till' ( iitcrpiisc was sujjr.iri'stiMl Id the Cadwaladrrs liy I'jliiininl ( '. Hill, 
 when lie was I'liainiian of the Park ('oniiiiittcc, wlio tliouaht it woiilil ini|ii-ovc tiic l'arl< a]iiiroaclics 
 and surnmndiiiiis. Tlir Cadwaladcrs a.ij;i-rcd to adopt the su.uu'cstioiis ii' Mi-. Hill would sii[)criiitcnd 
 till' work, an oll'rr that \\a~ at llr-l drcliiird Imt at'tiTwai'd arrcptnl. 
 
 '■ CadwakidiT I'lacf" lias linai an cxaniplo and an inspiration to Trrntonians and a lai'tro sliarc 
 of tlir I'lx-ent extensive local iniprovcnients is traeealilc to the impressions created liy the new suhurh. 
 
 *'^-'*§^*** 
 
CIIAPTKIJ XV. 
 
 'IIK rlTY DKI'AirrMKXTS. 
 
 'riiKNTox's W.\-ii:i;-SiiM'i.\ — Iliiw Tin: Cny Skiikku \\'Ari:i; i\ iin.: 1v\ki,v 1>av^ — Tiiic Tuksknt 
 OijcAMZATinN OF THIS I )i;i'Ai!iM K.xr — Till: I'.iiMMi (ir lli:\i.iii and its Oi-ficeij.s — Tukxton's 
 I'auks — TiiKiu HisTDifV AM) ('(iMMissKiNKiis — 'I'm: Sic\vKi!A(j-: AMI Dkaixage System — Its 
 Ohkux Axii DicvEi.oi'MEXT — TiiE KxcisE Depakt.m EXT — Eeectkii' Lichtixc axi) its HiSTonV. 
 
 1 !■■, I'"Ii;ST cliaitn- for tlic 'I'l-ciitdii Water Works was passed Deceinlier od, ISO]. 
 It was terineil ■■.\iiaet to autlioiize Stephen Scales to eoiivev tli(> water from his 
 s]irin.u- throiitili tlie several streets of the city of 'i'l-eiitoii.'' the preaiilMe whereof 
 thus read : •• Wiiekeas, Stephen Scales hath rc]iresented tliat he hath purch.ased 
 a sprin.u: in tlie citv of Trenton, from which he can conduct tlie water throuirh 
 several of the stri'cts of said citv, therchy supplying the iidiahitants with jileiitv 
 of sweet and wholesome water, jirovided he can he authorizeil to lav his trunks 
 throujih some of the intcrvcninu' lots." 
 
 This charter gave him power to convey the water from said sjirinj: throu.t;li 
 any lots whicli lie might find it nece.<sary to pa.ss in its way to the .-streets of said 
 city, without let, trouhle, hindrance, or molestation of any person or ])ersons whatsoever, and with 
 lal:)orers, carts, wagons and other carriages, with their licasts of hurden or drantilit. and all neces- 
 sary tools and imiilements, to enter ujion the lands through wliich it is necessary said a(|Ueduct 
 should pass, and to dig through and lay trunks in the same, for carrying on the said work, and for 
 repairing the sinne from time to time, lirst giving notice to the owner, if in this State, or to the 
 tenant in jiossessioii thereof, doing as little damage thereto as ])ossihle, and rejiairing any lireaches 
 tliey may make in the inelosures thereof, and making amends for anv damage tliat mav he sus- 
 tained hy tile owner or owners then'of. Penalties wei-e laid for ohstructinu; the water works. 
 Furthermore, the lirst charter granted to Stei>lien Scales gave him power to use only tlie water wliicli 
 should originate or rise from his spring, or ujion his said lot so purchased, liut tliat he should 
 jiermit all water not originating or rising upon his said lot or from Ids spring freely and uninter- 
 ruptedly to pass for the use of the lanyards on the stn^am made tlierehv. 
 
 It a])])ears that Scales soon desired to sell his privilege to tlie iiihahitants of Trenton if thev 
 wouhl form a company, whereupon an organi/.ation. with a ca]>ita] stock of SI, 200, was created. 
 IJooks for olitaining snhscriptions were opened hy Peter (iordon, and a President, two Directors a 
 Secretary and Treasurer were chosen. The following citi/.ens suhscrihed to the stock : Isaac Smith 
 Peter Cordon, Kllett Ih.wel, Th.mias M. Potter. Henry i'ike. .h'rh. W'oolsey. \\'illiam Scott, Jucol) 
 llerliert, Ahraham Hunt, (lershom Craft, Ceorge Dill, Kllett Tucker, .Josc]ili Milnor, .loshua New- 
 liold, Ilannali II. liarnes, William Potts, Mary and Sarah IJarnes, Joshua Wright, Stephen Scales, 
 •lohn 1*. Sndlh, .\. Chamln^rs, John Chamhers, .lames iMving, George Henry. 
 
 On the twenty-ninth of Fehruary, 1804, the Legislature passed an act incor]>orating the Trenton 
 Water Works, hy the name of '-The President and Directors of the Trenton Water ^\'orks." 
 
 The original coriuirators were James Kwiiig. Peter Cordon, Thomas M. Potter, tier.sliom Craft 
 and Alexander Chamhers. James Kwing was chosen the lirst President ami Peter Gordon and 
 Thomas M. Potter, Directors. 
 
THE CITY OF TRENTON. 87 
 
 'I'liry wci-c -ivcii ;iulli(ii-ity to lay and cxtcinl tlicii' a.nicilui't tlii-(iUi;li sucli nf llic sl|-ci'ts of the 
 city as they may lliink iirrussary, ami to o]icii ami dij.' in sm-h parts of said streets as may Ke con- 
 venient for their piiriMises. It seems that the agreement lietween Scales and the water com]ianv 
 had heen made upon the eighteenth of Septemlier. 1 M L'. This act was a praetieal eonlirmatioii of 
 the auri'einelll. 
 
 On the eii;htli of {■'ehniai-y, l.SJI. an act was passed t<i iiicoipoi-ate the |ii-o|irirtors of the 
 Trenton A<nieduet ('om].any. Andrew Ucedcr. Charles Kiee, Stacy I'otts, .los.ph r.roailhnr-t and 
 I*eter Ilowi'll were the oi'iiiinal eoi-poralors. 
 
 The olijeet of this I'onipany was thr supplyin'j of tlic city of Tiriiton with irooil and wholesome 
 water. They were ineorporati'd as ••Tie' I'ri'sidenl ami |)ire(tor>of the Tivnton Acpiediiet Coni- 
 |>any."' Andrew lecdei- was eho>eii I'l-esident ; Charles Rice, Treasurei-, and Staev I'otts, .Io>eph 
 I'.roadhnr^t and Telia- llowill, I )iieelois. 
 
 Their charter alloweil thi'ni to open only four I'ods at a lime in any of the -ti'eets of the cilv 
 not to he kepi open miu'e than three days at a time, and t.. he lilleil np at the expense of the corn- 
 
 jiany. and to lie I'eiidia-ed as ^ood as if the same had not heen taken np and re ved. Thev were 
 
 Hot to lay their main trunk throULih the sti'ei'ts of Trenton upon the same level with the trunks of 
 the pi-esent loiupany of the Trenton W'atei- Work~, hut eithia- InLihei- oi- lowei', that they mi.^ht not 
 inipede them in earryini; o|f tluii- eniss trunks. The capital stock was not to exceed .S.'!, ( )( )( ). and 
 was to he ap|ii-opriated exclusively to the purposi' of snpplyini; tin' city of Ti-cntoii \\itliL;ooi| and 
 wholesome watci'. 
 
 Fchruary ■J'.)th. iNlS, the Ti-iail(.ii and South Trenton .\.|Ueduei Conipanv \\.a< incorporated for 
 more efiVctually supplxiiiL! the city of 'I'rentoii and horouiih of South Trenton with watei-. Its 
 capital stock was 8-'i( l.< l(l( 1, with the pri\ilc-e of iiu icasim: the same to ><.")(l. 1 1( )n. 'I'he stock was 
 divided into shares of .S")0 each. Tic corporators wii-e.lolm McKi'lw.ay. W'illi.im llalstea<l, Samuel 
 McChirtr, Charles Wriuht, Xenophon .1. .Maynard. .John Sa^icr and .Mexandcr II. .Viinoni-. 
 
 The corporation was authoiized to use the water of (he Delaware ri\-er, or the .\ssanpink la-eclc 
 Ix'low the dam. hut not to take away, ilivert oi- in an\' mamiei' iiijuT'c or impaii' the siipjilv of water 
 in the fountains used hy the Ticnton W'atei- \\'oi-ks Coiup:niy. 
 
 In IX'yl "The I'l-esident and hirectors of the Tl'cntoU W'atei- W'oi-ks"' represented to the 
 Legislature that tlic> |)opulatioii of the (ity would no lon^ci- wai-rant the use of spi-iuL's, and the 
 Legislature tlua-cujion authorized the company to take walci- from the l>cla\\are I'ivcr and elevate 
 the !<anie to the rcsci-voii-. 
 
 This pra<-ti<-ally marks the liiial aholitiiai of the hoi-cd wooden watci- pi]"', for which the iron 
 pipe was suhstituted. 
 
 This eoi-poration, "The President and directors of tin- Ti-ciilon \\'ali-i- Works." retained ]iiis- 
 .session of all the powi-rs, pi-ivileges and franchises of the i-ompany of isoi', which |iui-chased Si-aics' 
 rights. 
 
 In March, 1 ^-'iS. pursuant to an act of the Legislatui-e. the i-ily of Trenton voted hy a lai'ge 
 majoi-ity to purchase the \\aler works, ami upon the first of .March, h^o'-l, the Legislature sanctioned 
 tlu' tnmsfci- of the watci- Works to the inhahitants. The deed was datc-d Marc-h 7th, \X'>U. and 
 signed hy Charles .Mo(ii-c, I'rcsidi-iil. 
 
 The new Water ai-t provided for a Hoard of ( 'ommissioners, who supersciled the I'rcsident and 
 Dirc-ctor.s of the old organi/alion. ,\ " water loan "" was also ci-eated. The lirst commission created 
 under this act consisted of Charles Moore. I'hilemon Dickinson, Daniel Lodor, David S. Anderson, 
 Jaenh M. Taylor and .\lherl .1. \\'hittaker. JCnahling legislation extended the scope of tlie com- 
 mission regarding tln-ir power to hori-ow niom-y to extend the ~ystcm. 
 
 The i)Umi)ing station at the foot of Calhoun sti-eet is most com]ilele in its i-haracter, and in the 
 increa.se of its facilities has kcjit pace with the dcm.-mds of a growing ]>o|)iila1ion. The int;d<e of 
 the works lies southeast of the ahutment of the new Calhoun street hridge, whence tlic water is 
 rais(!(l to tile large res<'rvoir on Pennington avenue, 'i'he last two yi'ars have marked tlie ereition 
 of a massive sea-wall, fully protecting the property in time of the heaviest fresjicts, whilst (lie 
 machinery of the works is of the hest an<l latest design. The huildings are of hrownstonc, orna- 
 mental in design, and are a sour(-c of great interest to visitors, who pronoimce them uneijualed as 
 illustrations of their type. 
 
88 
 
 THE CITY OF TRENTON. 
 
 The Delaware lias ;i;real iir((S|)eeti\H' value as a scuiree of water-su|i[jly fur the cities of our own 
 and adjacent States. W'liiU- lielow l^aston ami the conlluence of the Lehiifh there i.s growinj;; con- 
 tamination, it will he seen liy the results of a eheniieal analysis that there are at ]>resent no 
 eviilcnces of serious [lolhition ahove the city of Ti'enton. From the proportion of forest and tlii' 
 popldalion ]>er square mile, there are jrood indications of its litness as a source of su])ply, cspi'cially 
 ahove Easton. The portion ahove the Water (lap is not likely to liecome more populous for a lonj; 
 series of years, an<l furnish<'s, in all respects, a most dcsii-;dile i;athcrinLr-,Ln'onnd fi.ir ]iul>lic water- 
 supjily. Till' rivei' already supplies llli.d.'JC) iidiahitants of New .lersey with pure water, the total 
 consmnplion Ix'ini: 17. OKI, KM uallons daily. 
 
 .\t Trenton, the maximum How is estimated at l.-'il 1 culiic feel per second under natural con- 
 ditions, hut .">N."! cuhic feet per second is diverted for canal ]jurposes, Icavinj,' H'!! culiic feet jier 
 second minimum llow. I'rohahly the i'i\'er docs not fall as low as this oflciier than once in a 
 generation. This uivcs (iOl.dOO.OOO irallons daily as the supply without slora.LLc At the last 
 monthly llow shown hy the record, the natural llow of the river at Trenton amounts to 880,000,000 
 gallons ilaily. 
 
 ViKW (IK I)i;i,,\\vai:k Itn-icii and tuk Flu-mk. 
 
 The W'atei- Ciinunissioners arc Charles 11. Skirm, Lewis I.awton. Duncan Mackenzie, .Toseph 
 Stokes. Knheit I'.. lloMiicv and .\. \'. Maiuiini;-. The Secretary and Tica-ui-er is Charles A. Reid. 
 The ollicc of the Water lioard is in a small amu'X to the Citv Hall, facini:' lOast State street. 
 
 Tin: I It: ALT II Di'. 
 
 I'AIfrMKNT. 
 
 The present edieieiit Health Department of the city of Tienton i- of no sjioradic growth, hut 
 through the various city charters its evolution, slow though sure, may he traced. V>y ordinance of 
 17U'.), the Clci-k ol till' Market is instructed to remove " unwholesome provisions'" from the market 
 or any other place where they are to he sold, to "keep clean and sweet" the market-house. 
 I'lTsons were reipiired to clean the streets of mud and dirt, piling the refuse hetween the gutter and 
 the "main | .art of the street," and remove the .suue in forty-eight hours or he lined -SI for every 
 twenty-four hours it shall remain over time. In lS-12 we find the Clerk of the .^hu•ket empowered 
 with similar duties as in 1799. The citizens in this year were still ohliged to clean the streets. In 
 
TlIK CITY OF TRENTON. 89 
 
 lS-12 was jiasscd an iinlinaiicc (■(inccriiing nuiwinecs. Penalties wcrr iii]|"isc(l t'(ir cxiiDsiiif; dead 
 carcasses or liltli, iipdii can less Imlclicrs, s(.)ai) lioilcrs, tallow chandlci-s, d .•iiiinlila: A pcnaltv was 
 laid Inr dra,;:uiii,':' raw liiili's almii,' tlie imvcincnt. Porscms alTcctcd with the siuall-pdx ur (•(.iitai^dous 
 diseases, in ls:;i, jiy iirdinaiice were ordered to he removed with -'as nnich care and tenderness as 
 may he'' to a jilace remote from the thickly-settled portion of the city. In |s:!7, an ordinance 
 conceruini: l.nrial-i^roimds was passed, and, in l.s42, an ordinance relative to preventiiij,' swine and 
 ,i;dats from I'lniniiiu at lar^c on the streets. 
 
 Tn May. IS-Jii, ,,win,u- to the prevalence of the Asiatic i-liolera, a I'.oard of Health was(r()nstituted. 
 1 inler thi< ordinance the honseliolders were recphred to rcinovi' lilth from their premises, to keep 
 the drains and Liuttcrs clean. The streets wi're to he examined from time to time hv the Hoard of 
 lleahh, and ]ienalties were imposed for depositing;- i;arhaii:e in vacant lots or aloiii: the ,\ssanpiiil< or 
 the Delawar.'. 
 
 In the charter of lS(i(; the nsnal powers of the Hoard of Health weiv lod-cd in CiJinmon 
 ('ouncil. 
 
 ]!y virtne of an act of the l.e-islatnre in ISSO, a Hoard of H.-alth was estahlished in 1 S.s-_' which 
 wa- in iss; suiierseileil liy the present local lloard of Health. This H>oard consists of seven mem- 
 hers. In ISSS a s.aiiitai-y co.li' foi- the city was institnted. The I'.oard has power, thron-li the 
 Health Inspectoi-, of pi-ohihitinu tlie sale of adnltei-ated f,,oil ;md diink, delinim; mhs.ances. prevent- 
 inu fontauious or infei-tions diseases, re;;idating tlie keepin-- and slanudilei-in,L' of aninjals. of renu- 
 latinii' the i-eturns of hiilhs, mai-i-iai:es and deaths, the ilumpinu' of i.'.M-hat:e, eonstructint:, locatiii"- 
 ami cleaninL:: ecssjiools and jirivies, comieeting house-drains ami sewers, and protecting the ])ul)lic 
 water-su]iply. 
 
 Ti-enton. largely through the eliiciency of hei- lio.nrd of Hi'alth, enjoys an i'Xce|itionally low 
 death-i'ate. DisiMses, particail.arly of a contagious or infectious kind, ha\e heen promplh- stamped 
 out. and the dangers which other <aties experienced during the typhus, small-pox and diphlhei'ia, 
 upideniics (if recent years ha\i' pi'actically h^ft Trenton unscathed. 
 
 The lioard of Health in its pi'csent orgiinization is eomposecl of ( iai'ret 1». W. N'room. I'l-i'sident ; 
 'I'homas S. Chandxi's, Ti-easurcr ; W'ni. Cloke, .Secretary; William II. Mickel, Inspector; Harry 
 IIutT, Daniel J. Friel, W'illi.-im ( '. .VIIimi, Assistant Insjiectors ; Jos. SchaelTer, i'lumhing lns]>ector; 
 Dr. C. P. Britton, Dr. W. M(l). Struhle, William (;|..ke, Dr. Frank \'. Cantwell. \\"illiam (lolding. 
 Meets first Tuesday in every month. 
 
 TliENTO.x's P.VKKS. 
 
 Whilst till' pulilic pai-k system of the city of 'IVenton practically connuences with the purchase 
 of ( adwaladci' I'ai'k in the year IS.S.S, the theory of a hreathing place foi- Trentonians ma v he traeeil 
 to li'gislativc action (jf foi'ly years since. I'poii l'"ehruary ISth, ps.'ii;, an act was passed authorizing 
 the city to jFuri'liasc lands foi- a puMic s(|uare, for which purpose they were aulliori/.ed to create a 
 loan not exceeding >;.')( I, ( l()(). and to issue honds jiavahlc in twi'Uty years, said honds to hear interest 
 at six per cent, per annum, and to he exempt from city tax and not to he sold at less than their 
 par value. 
 
 .\o move was e\-er made under this partii-ular legislation, and the matter was allowed to drop 
 until the pojiular agitation from ISSO-SS caused municipal action, with the present very henefieial 
 results. 
 
 In ISSS. the cits- of Trenton pui-chased of (leorge W. Fa rice a tract of land eoiitaining alxiut 
 eighty acres, for which the sum of ^oO^OOU was paid. At tiu' same time, (lie .McCall-Caclwalader 
 traet of eight acres was hought for .S^.tiOfl, as well as anotlier ])ieee of |)roperty of two acres of the 
 est.atc of Thomas Cadwalader. A ])iece of tlie Atterliury jiroperty, enihraeing six acres, was jiur- 
 ehased for Sl(),"2()-'). These lands, now laid out, enihellished and pro|ierly maintained, Jiave hceoine 
 ('a<lwalader Pai'k and Kiver Drive of the city of Trenton. 
 
 t'adwalader Park lies partially in the city of Trenton, hut mainly in the township of living. 
 The estate, which surrounds a spacious mansion, lies ahoiit one ami one-fom-tii miles from the City 
 Hall. Tlie [iroperty, well enforested, with wide drive.s and commanding views of the Delaware, 
 is called Cadwalader Park in honor of the Chief liurgess under Trenton's ])re-Uevolutionary charter. 
 Dming recent years uotuhh; iniprovenicnts have heen made in the erection of hridge.s, in grading 
 .M 
 
90 
 
 THE CITY C)F TRENTON. 
 
 the hillsides ami pvnvidiiif; ])rnj)er a|)i)riiaehes. In suniiner, a re<fiiiiental liaml furnishes music. 
 A niarhle statue of (ieorj;e W'asliiiitrton, of heroic size, overlooks the Delaware. 
 
 Monument Park lies at the Kase of the shaft e()nnnenioratini: the hattle of Trenton, ft is 
 practieallv a small s(|uare, ami has its walks leadini:- to tlu' nioinnnent. it was imrchaseil in is'.i-'l. 
 
 Hroail Street or Siirim; 
 
 -■■^^li 
 
 
 Lake I'ark is in Hamilton 
 lounslii|i. Here a liijih hluiV 
 overlooks the meadow lands 
 ill wliieh the streams feed- 
 •wii Cross wicks creek rise. 
 I ]ion the jiroperties adjacent 
 wei'i' laid the scenes of those 
 stmlies ill natural history 
 wliieli hax'e t;i\i'ii Dr. Charles 
 ( '. .\Miiitt an international 
 r e |j u t a t ion. The ]ilace is 
 I'anioiH for its pastoral sci'ii- 
 er\- ;iii(l \\:i>. ill till- earU' part 
 of tile |ii(seiit century, a resort 
 of l'>oiia|iai'te. the scientist, and 
 otllel- distintiUislled men. 
 
 Tile lioroivjii of Cliam- 
 lierslinr:^'. in .\|iril. 1 SSS, a 
 month liefore like ai-tion was 
 taken hy Trenton, jnirchascd 
 for 813.000 a s<|uare for a 
 iiidilic park. The park is lioinided iiy luiiorv avenue. Division street. Morris avenue and Cliestnut 
 avenue, and uiion the consolidation of Cliamliei-liinv ami Trenton, heeame tlie Tenth Ward or 
 Rochling Park. This s([nare is graded, sodded, covered with trees and is one of the city's most 
 useful l)reathin!r places. 
 
 The orpnii/ation c)f the jircsent I'ark Commission includes .Tolin J. Clcary, President ; Charles 
 J. Wocrina-, Henry F. Smitli, W. Holt .Vp.iiar, .hmathan ('o.\on. Charles W. Bergen, Clerk; John 
 II. Mitcliell, Superintendent. Meet first Monday in every month. 
 
 SrKNK IN " I'. KMATi 8Tin:KT" e\E:l<. 
 
 r>ofl.K.VAl!I)S. 
 
 An effort is heing made to scctire the land along the river to iiii|irove it for the ]ileasure and 
 health of Trentonians. The city already owns two-lliirds of a mile aliove the waterworks, and 
 ahout 8, OCX) feet more is needed to complete the line down to the State Caiiitol. Some of the 
 ]>r()i)erty is held in trust hy Hoard of Trade memhers for this very pur[)os(>. Not only woulil it 
 furnish a heantiful drive and foot-jiath, hut it would also give the city ahsolute control of that part 
 of the river wdiich lies near the inlet of the city watcr-sujiply. In South Trenton therc^ is a similar 
 stri]> along the Delaware, with the advantages of a high lilulT and even hetter views. It is ahout 
 4,600 feet long. 
 
 Otiiici; P.vitics. 
 
 The spacious grounds around tlie State Ca]iitol, Xoniial and Model Schools. Deaf-Mute School 
 and Insane Asylum, are laid <iul in exct'llcnt taste, and, while l^elonging to the State, are much 
 enjoyed hy Trentonians. 
 
 Si:wi^iis .VXD Dii.viNs. 
 
 Although under and hy virtue of the city charter of 18(i() Common Council was authorized to 
 construct sewers or drains, nothing seems to have heeii done to even instittite a small portion of a 
 general plan of city sewers until 1876, when the Cliuttm avenue sewer, from Model avenue to the 
 
■IIIK CITY OF TKKXTON. 
 
 91 
 
 Assan])iuk, was ;uitli(iriz.,I l.y nnliiianc,.. As rarly as iMill lli,- ,-it y ]M-niiiU(d tlic Imililin;: nf a sewcr 
 from \hv pris,ai t.. thr Drlauaiv. Al.,.ut thr year In?.') a Wanvii street sewer, IVom tlie Delaware 
 and liaritan canal tc, the Assanpink ereek. was autlidri/.ed. The ,<renenil <lrainin.i.' into I'etly's run 
 also eoiniueneed at thi> period, when the sewers on Fountain avenue, ..n W'illuw and West Hanover 
 streets, on T'ennin-lon avi'iuw, Sprin- strei't and the .\nieri,;ni ll<.ii-e diain wen- authorized. 
 
 These special diains, all ruiuiin- int<. an .,pen slivaui a! >t d.void ,,|- water, caused the passa.L'e of 
 
 auordinanc,. in ISSd to , •instruct a s,wer on l'etly'< run. Since this time th.' work of huildiu- 
 sewers an. I drain> ha> pro-ivsse,l with -real rapidity. .\s eai'ly as 1 S-lS an ordinance was passed 
 pn.vi.lin- for the openin- and cli'arin- <iuf .if Felly's run. Th.' e.,nimittee appointed for this 
 purjiosc w,Tc William ('. Hi-anin, William I'.osw,]! and .\ainn 11. \'aii (lev. Tlii> was ],rohahlv 
 tlie hcLiimiiiiu of municipal action upon this siihjcct. 
 
 'Irentou, in her i;cneia] s.'Wi'rap' sy>tcni, took advantat^e of tlie act of .Marcli Sth, 1S.S2, which 
 authoriz<'d cities to construct scwei-s nnd drains, and hy oi-diiian.'c adopted the jil.an laid chiwn hv 
 Itndolph Ilcrin,;^-, the celehralc.l >anitary expert. 'I'his selllcd, jur ihe pn-Miil al least, the cutiiv 
 i|Ucstioii. Ihe whole prohlcui tunieil upon I'ctly's run. which was ciici' a private w.iti'rwav nf 
 
 UrsTtc SrjsNKin Al.u.Ni; 'imik ri:<.iMM:ii Itt.i r.KVAltt). 
 
 small iliminsions, I ml which nave Trenton no end of IimuIiIc and ex|iense. .\t one lime the stream 
 which haij two lu-anilics, was cut in Iwo I ly the fccdir of ihe i)elaware and Itaritan canal. '{"lie 
 How of water not liciiiL: >unicicnt lo cari'y away the scwaiie. the sireain hei-aiiK' a menace to puMie 
 liealtli. l''or years allcinpts wi'i'c made to <'oustruct wooilcii trunks, which soon de<-aved and 
 liecamc filled with stones .and refuse. i'lveii as late as IS.s.") there was a well-delincd current of 
 opposition lo .1 iiciieral sewcratic syslem fur 'i'renloii. iliil the successful manner in whicli the 
 I'etty's run diiruailty was met solved the ciilire ipiestion, ami the proj;ress made in sewer-huildin^r 
 duriufi the last decade aiiipl\' rewards p.asi delavs. 
 
 Trenton pays for hia- sewers l)y issuiuir temporary im]irovement certilienles. (he nionevs for the 
 redciu[itioii of whicIi are raised hy houd issues. 
 
 In isx'.i Mr. Ilcriiii.' also |]reseiited a repml n]jon a sewerajre system for old Chamhershurir. 
 In fjeneral, it may he said of the city plan that it ]irovides for the drainajie of lowlands and for 
 sanitary relief, and is very comprehensive. The system ]irovides fur extension into new territory 
 so soon as ])uhlic necessity shall rccpiire, the waste heinj: eoincyed hy a main sewer to tide-water 
 at a 2'<>int south of iiivcrview Ciinetery. The jreolofrie conditions of tlie city have reixlered tiie 
 
92 TllK CITY OF TKKN TON. 
 
 buildiii}; of sewor*^ north of the Assanpink creek a work of much (HHiculty. Granitic ami schistic 
 rocks liave iiiii)e(lc(l excavation, wliero'as the deep (h'ift in C'han)l)ersburij lias greatly simiilified the 
 prolileni in that jxirtion of the town. From the fact that there are in Trenton no less than one 
 hundred hridires, crossinj: the Assanpink, the canal, feeder, water power, Petty"s run and smaller 
 waterwavs, natural and artilicial, it will lie seen that sewer extension is, fmm iliis Fact alone, a ta.sk 
 of no small imi>ortance. The work has heen done with great care, having due regard to the 
 future growth of the city, as well as the ahility of taxpayers of the present to meet the obligations 
 of the city. 
 
 When coniplett'd, Trenton, in spite of gcologir difliiulties. will have one i>f the best sewer 
 systems in the Eastern States. 
 
 Tni: lv\( isK |)i:i'Ai{T.MK.vT. 
 
 Under the first city charter (17!)2~), the Mayor, Recorder, Aldermen and assistants, ura majority 
 of them in Connnon Council, had tlie exrlusive right of licensing tavt-rns in the same maimer as tiic 
 licenses were granted liy the Cuurts ol' (^iiai'tcr Sessions of tiie Peace. I'ndei- llie charter of 1S.'!7, 
 the Citv Court of (Juarter Sessi<ins, then organized, assumed the puwer of granting Hcenses, which 
 iiower, in 1S|(), when the com1 was alioiislied, was loclged in the Mayoi'. Aldermen .and Recorder 
 of the citv. In lN-">'2 an ordinance was |iasscd which provided that spii'its were not to bi' t.akcn 
 from the premises of tiu' innholder. The system of licenses liy Council was ciintinued by the 
 charter of 1S74. In 1SS| the act of the Legislature led to the pei'niaueiit est.alilisiinient of thi' 
 iiresent excise ileparlmcnt. which was cri'atci! by ordinanc'c in 1SS7. Tlie lioard is composed of 
 live members, wiio -avc ri'jiresentcd by the License in>pectoi-. who is re(iuircii to obsei've and repoi'l 
 upon all violations of the lii|Uoi- laws. 
 
 Tile citv has now aliout three hundred ami lil'ly saloons regularly licenseil. and llic city ordi- 
 nances are, as a rule, bi'tter kept than in other cities of like size. 
 
 The lioard of l-'xcisc is composed of .hicob lilaiitb. I'ri'siiieiit ; .lolin ISailow. .loscph 1 lagLicrty, 
 Joiiii T. Moore, David '!'. Wittenborn ; Jolm A. Smith, In-pector; C. ICdward Murray, Clerk. 
 
 I'j.i'.crmc LiiiHTi.Ni; and rrs IIistokv. 
 
 Trenton has the rejiutation of being a particularly well-lighted city. Concerning the coiigeste<l 
 <listricts, it is of interest to know that the ojierations of the criminal class have been niiicli restricted 
 bv the means of electric illmnination, the lights pro\ing a \aluab|e ally to the ]io|ice force. Tliere 
 are upon the municijial circuit about two lnnidreil and li ft y st rcct arc lights, divided into seven 
 circuits, and in the borough of Wilbur there are fifteen lights. These arc all of twd thousand candle 
 power. The city of Trenton uses no incandescent lights except in the City Hall anil in the clock 
 tower of Saint Mary's Cathedral. These lights average sixteen candle |Miwcr. Trenton docs not 
 own an electric light jilant but has a eoiitraet with the Trenton Light and I'ower Com])any, whose 
 plant is located at li) Chauncey street, on the line of the llclvidere dixision of the Pennsylvania 
 railrfiad. 
 
 Electric lighting in this city had its origin in ISS.",, when the Mercer and P.urlington Electric 
 Light ('oni]iany was incoriiorated. Although eomimsed of active business nun, this organization 
 had no vitality. Thence dcvelojied the Peo]ile's Electric Light Com])any, which dates its existence 
 from 1.S85. I'liou January I'JtIi of that year a score of arc lights were introduced, a single dynamo, 
 
 located in Cubberly it Kafer"s sliii|i, sujiplying the '• eurieiit." .\ |iower-liouse was s i erected on 
 
 Assanpink creek, at the foot of .lacksou street. In the fall of IN^^Ii the incandescent system was 
 installed. The jxiwer-house for the latter scheme of lighting was located in the center of the block 
 bounded l>y State, Broad, Warren and Front streets. In IS'.H the ciim|iany moved toils ]iresent 
 location, and one year later, on re-organization, the Trenton Light and Power Company came into 
 being. As its name indicates, this corporation supplies arc and incandescent lights for pulilic and 
 private use, as well as furnishing electricity for motors. The well-eiiui])|ied ]ilant, one of the finest 
 of its type in the I'nited States, gives i)ernianent emiiloymcnt to thirty men. Its ollicers are : 
 Ja)ues Mo.ses, President; Frank A. ^lagowan, Vice President : William I'.. Allen, Tieasmer, and 
 Josepli T. Ridgway, Second Vice President and (icnera! Manager. 
 
CHAPTi:U X\I. 
 
 ■(»i,i(K iiKi'Airr.MKN'r. 
 
 Its Kaim.^ ()i,'(. amz atkix am> ( ; imw ni — 'riii': 1'i:i:<knt 1 )i:vi;i.(ir\iK\ r — Tino I'i.'Kc iM r Statki.ns 
 Tin: 1'i;i;si;n'i- ('(im\iis~ii.m;i;~ wh Sri':;i:iiii; ( )iii( i:i;s oi' tiik 1 )i:i'ai; r\ii;.\i'. 
 
 ^ ' ''"'"^'^^^^ UK l'( »l,l('l': I )i I Kill III ml i.r 'I'lvnlnii 11 III V Ix Irncr.l In very |iriiiiilivc yrl .•iri-li.cnilic 
 
 ... ,_! ^ (iiiL:in. Kv ui(liii:iini' nf .M;iicli. IT'.t'.l. tlirt'ily Mai-sli:il was iiivr^t,-il with all tlic 
 
 "Xlf^'ilR 'ill L li"\vrr aii.l nnlli.H-ily nl' a i-nmily ^hi-i-iir. ami when iv,|uiiv.l l.y ( ■niiiinnii Cniincil 
 
 V-^iCJ \ ■'shall ran-v in his liaii.l a ^inall stalT or waii'l. similar 1<i lliuM' usually carrinl 
 
 Ie'^^^ ''>■ sh.a-ilTs."' AuiuU.l;- the Marshal's duly wa- h. walk ihniu-h ihc ililTciviit pai-ls 
 
 t \fp>J'^!^ ,,f \]u- rhv (il Inisl niirr ,1 //v, /,-. huiitiii- ha' i'lh' aial .li-( av h riy |i.i-siiU>. Ih' was 
 
 v^y(^=^^ iustnirtcci \n rlifi.ivr llir la WS a lid ( m 1 i I la I irrs rrlat i Vr t( i 1 1 H' | ilvvrlU ii ai . ,f s wi lir 
 
 ^(D S ^ vuiiiiinii at hv^r. as well as to '/wv unticc t.. the Slivct (' iiiis-i.iiicis nt' all 
 
 Q) uuir-aiHcs anil ..h^tnu-tic.ns. In his ciaistahulai- caiia.ily the .Marshal was laititli'il 
 
 t(i It-al fees, l.ut If (ifirin \\v n 'i -ci vc( 1 thr In uiii licriil salary nl' S20. 
 As late as Api-il. l"^'''''. Tnntiai wa> uiiaidcl hv a City Mar-hal and ( mc watchman I'mm each 
 „;u-d— >ix |MM.|ilc in all. 'I'liry wnc wst.d with llir u-ual .-niiMal .ulary |iuw.i-s. amnn;,' otlua- 
 mattia-s tu liuht and ,\liii,i:ui.di ih.' city lami-^. The |inlicc were sul..)cct tn the order ,.t' the .Mayor, 
 wh.i was a I'olicc .justice. The Mayor receiv.d a ^alary of ><o()(), the Mar-hal a like sum and the 
 walchmcn sK"!. I'.v slow de-n cs. addiu- ii. w im n and Kroadcnin:.: tli.' |ilaii and si-o|ic oi' the 
 l„,lj,.,. ,l,.|„rtin.ait, slowly divorcin- the a|.|.oiiituicnt> troiii iiolitical ,-on<id,a-ations. iIm^ sy>tein has 
 r,.ached its |.n-cut devcloiinaait. The next few yeai> will see Lireat and necessary chan,-cs, which, 
 as in the |i:i^t, will i-oiitrilmte to the i:i>od of the |iulili>'. 
 
 The I'olic- Dciiartnieiit ol' the city of Trenton in 1 S'.l.-, .-onsists of a well-oruani/ed and iiarticu- 
 larly-eirKi.iil hod v of sevenlv-scveii men. i-oiisistiii.L' nf one Chid', two ('a|ilains. six S.-r-cants. two 
 <i,.tcctives, three roimdMiien. oiie,-liauecmaii. imv I'.ilicc Sui-eou. one Kl.vtrician. tw.. |.atn,l .havers 
 aiidt\vo.lanitor<. There aiv lil'tv-six patrolmeu. The de|,artm.ut was cstahlish.-d ii|ion it- i.resci.t 
 ha<is under an act ol' the 1,,-islalure pa-ed in iss:,, which had for its oh.icl the ivnmval of the 
 ,,„li,.,. department. o|' New .Icr.cv citie- from political control, provided the cities accepted the 
 provisions ol' th.. a.-t. Trenton accepted the-e provisions. A hi-parti>au hoard ot tour I'ohcc 
 Commissioners, having' hcai .-clc.-tcd hy the Mayor, is conlirmcd or rc.icctcd hy C,ty Councl. 1 he 
 Commissioners ai.p.mit a clerk. Thcv also appoint and dischai-c all mcmhcrs ot the loivc '"xs 
 
 mav appear hest I'or the puhli.- interest in sii,-h d,r^"-tiiMa,t." They als akc l.v-laws. rules and 
 
 regulations for the govcnmieiil of the r.oard. and " lix and r.-„late the compcnsatmu ol all olhcr.s, 
 
 servants and eni|il(ives." ,• • • f 
 
 The rule. I'or the Government ol' the dep.irtmcnt arc thorou.-h aii.l cxi-heit. (iualili.-ations tor 
 admis.-i.in lo the force aiv hased upon hci-h(. whic], is not to he less than live feel seven inches ; 
 wei-dit one hundred and liftv to two huii.hvd pounds; l.rea.st niea.sure of not le.<s than thirty-live 
 inches • a.'... from twcntv-oiu- to I'ortv vcars ; ahility to rca.l and write the KiiLdish laiiiiuage ; 1.. 
 have been a citi/en of the Cnit.d States at least two years and a resi.leiif ..I TrelUun t..r hvc years ; 
 
'.)-J 
 
 nil'; CITY OF Ti;i:xTON'. 
 
 never to liavc liccn convicted of crime; in ntlier words, to i>i' in .sjcood iio(lily ;ind iiieulal liealtli. 
 The a|)]ilicant for the force must ])rescnt a petition certifyinj; to liis moi-al qualities and Ills residence 
 in thi' city, wliich ])etition is to be sifrned by two rci)Utable citizens. 
 
 'J'lic niendiers of the force rank as follows : Chief, the Ca])tains according: to a|i)iointnients, tlie 
 Sergeants as in the case of Cajitains. ])atrolnien, chancenien. 
 
 The Chief has practical control of the department : in fact, is the personal representative of the 
 Connnissioners. Jle divides the <-ity into '■beats." details the men for duty anil direris the route 
 to be taken by the jiatrolman in lioiuL' to ami retui-niiii;- fr<iiii his beat. The Chief holds the rifjht 
 of suspendinji, for any time not c.xcci'dint: ten days, any member of the department, nportinjr the 
 same to the Board of Comnnssioners. lie also makes a detaileil iniarterly report of the liap|ienin<rs 
 in the de])artment, which report is sent to the Commissioners. Jn his custody are the record-books 
 of the ollice, whi<'h consist of a "" l'^ir<'e Jlook,"" a pi'actieal. jiersonal history of every member of 
 the force; a "Com|ilaint liook," wJK'rein ai-e I'eeorded vi<ilalions of the law, when such violations 
 arc the subject of comiilnint by citizens ; a ■■Time I'.ook," u-ed in niakim: U]i the pay-i-oll : '■'{"lie 
 Record of .\rrests," containiiiir alphabetically the names of those arrested and sentence of the court ; 
 a " Lo<ltrers' Hciiister : "" an "(Jnlinancc I'liuk." cuntaininii the names of all |iersons arrested 
 for violating citv ordinances ; a '•Propeily Accoinit book." containing; a ilcsiription nf all property 
 comiim into the hands of the police ; a " M issim; Property liook " and an " < )rdci- liook." in which 
 arc' enti'rcil orders and rules issued by the Connnissioners. 
 
 The Captains an^ assii>'ned tours of dntv b\- the Chief. They ha\-c the chai't:e and inspection 
 of station-houses, of the prisoners, anil aic held responsible fm- the cleaidincss and udod ordi-r of the 
 station-houses. The Captains call the roll and examine the bluttcr, addinu' thereto all iieci'ssary 
 information. 
 
 Tlu' Sergeants inspei't the men before I'oll-call. cori'cctinL: iicLilcct or deliciency in the di'css of 
 the men. Thev are. in fact. snb-( 'aptains, assnmim; the dnties of the latter when ab-ent. The 
 Sergeants have general chai'gc of patiolmcn when on ■'beat" and ai'c responsible fm- the general 
 Uood order and discipline of the force. 
 
 Rcirarding the patrolman, the |ire\i'ntion of ci-imc is the most important obiect which he should 
 have in view. lie must make himself ac(|Uainteil, in a minute ni.anncr, with e\ci'y pai't of his 
 beat, watch |icople who arc suspii-ious, and places wlici-c the law is being \iolated. and by his 
 viiiilance jircvcnt assaidls. breaches of the peace and all other crimes about to be conniiitted. 
 Arrests ai'e to be made as easilv and iplictK' as possible and witliont undue force. The baton is to 
 be emploved only in the most urgent cases of scU'-defensc. lie is also rciplired to report (ires, 
 direct strangers, i-cturn lost childi-en to their pai'ciits oi- to the station-housc. arrest begi;ars, give aid 
 tu the injured, and facilitate b\' propel' means the taking of a declaration by anyone dying in con- 
 scipience of injuries by \iolence. lie is also insti'Uctcd to watch suspicted persons and ]il:iccs, note 
 obstructions and perform other like ibities. I'alrolnicn ai-c also liable to special service. Chance- 
 men follow the sanie i-cgidatious as the patrolmen. 
 
 The full dress of the Chief and Ca]itains is of blue 15urlington jiolice cloth, double-breasted 
 frock coat, with ]ilain trousers. rpon the cap is a designation of raid<. The ]iati-olmen wear 
 single-breasted frock coats. ' The summer unit'orm consists of blue llannel sack coat and 
 trousers, niendiers serving live years on the force ai'c entitled to a "service chevron" of gold 
 liraid, to coitsist of one liar on the fi'ont of the sleeve. f^ciy additional live years entitles the 
 wearer to an e.xtra bar. Shields are worn without chains, 
 
 Tlic men fornnng the Trenton police fm-ce are di-illed in the school of the soldii'r. with baton 
 exercise: total abstinence fi-om lii|Uoi- and tobacco whilst on ibity is rei|uii'eil. noi- is any member 
 of the force allowed to belong to any lii-c or military coni|iany. nor is he permitted to be a dclegato 
 to anv political convention iionnuatiug a candidate for ollice. 
 
 The city of Trenton is divided into two pi'eciiicts. w ith two station-houses. The I'irst or Central 
 precinct is the building formerly known as l'"i-eese market, the Sci-ond oi- Chambersburg ])recinel is 
 the ol<l " Boro\igh Hair' on Hroad street. 
 
 Both station-houses are aflnnrably-condueted institutions. The Central station is located upon 
 Chancery street ujuju the corner of a small way, which is practically the eastern extension of Quarry 
 
 alley. Tlie interior arrangement is exci'llcnt. .\ large, well-lighted r n contains the desks used 
 
 by the Sergeants and Captains, and in connection therewith is the aiiartment a.s.sigiicd to thu 
 
THK CITY OF TRENTON. 
 
 05 
 
 Cliii'f. Ailjiiiniiiii tlir main nicnii is the ]iali-iilincirs r ii, tlic walin of \vliir]i arc lined ^\iili 
 
 li)ckcrs. ('(lUi't is Ill-Ill in a \vi li-vcntilati'il apartnirnt wliicli aijjciins tiu' s|iarc ilcvntrd U> tlic crlis. 
 Other niiiMIs are e-|ie(ially litteil fur tlie aee(innni>ilatiiin uf the i'uhee .lustiee. (h'teetives and tile 
 stiirini; (if reem-ds. and llie ■ ' i!iit;nes' (laHerv." I'lKin tlie seeund Ijiiipi-a lai'LTe liall is Ilie <i\'iiinasiinii 
 and (hill-iuuni uf tlie fm-ee. w liilst tlie Ci iiiiinissiuiii Ts and llieir ( 'lerk have handsnnie (|Uarter.s. 
 
 Ill tlie Seecmd [ireeinet statiiill a smaller, luit llulle the less r(ill\-enient, s\'steni is in nsi\ liutll 
 statiiin-lmnses are eleetrirally liLihted, warmed li\- steam and have la\aliirii>. The eells are in 
 exeellent order. Speeial systems of eomminheation lietweeii the |patiolnieii wliil-t on diitv' and the 
 pi'eeinct Captains are employed. ll is in fait a method of teleiiiaphy w heiehy the man on diltv ean 
 aihise Ids superior olliier a.^ to hir. nio\ cnifiHs on the heal, ean call the patrol oi' aid and can rini; 
 all alarm of lire. 
 
 In her police dcp.irtniciit and st.itioii-lioiises. w ith the eHicicncy of men and the eare of hiiild- 
 iii,i;s. Trenton has opeeial reason to he inoud of her poliie. When it is taken into eonsideratioii 
 that dnriiiL;' the entire \e;ir onl\' two tlioii>aiiil three himdi-ed arrests are made, the ellieieiiev of the 
 di'jiartnieiit is shown in a \ei'\' apt manner. Ti'eiiton has :i lietero;;cneiins popnlation. lies helwcen 
 riiiladelphia and .\ew \'ork, and, heini: in a neutral Stale, eonid easily heeonie the harhor of the 
 more e.xpert men and women of the rriminal elas^. In ^pite of this, il is a noleworthy fael that in 
 Trenton not a >iiiL:le noted rriminal roide,^. .\ii eneri;etie puliey has eleared the eitv of nearU 
 everv ineliaee to pi-aee and l;ooi| order. .\ <rore of years >inee, several •'LiMniiS,"' sneh as infested 
 the " Ivist side " of \ew ^'ork and the " .Xeek " in I 'hi la del pi lia. \\ei-e a eonslaiit souree of annov- 
 ani-e to the eitv. These assoeiatii His have lieen neail\- eiailieated. Certain resorts, sneh as the 
 '■ Lava l>eds, " some of the small haek streets in Chamheislinru and M illhani, are now eiitirel v free 
 from distnrhanee. •• The Swamp." with its "rmwery," alone remains as a inonnnient to old days 
 in Trenton. To the eneri;v of the poliee department indit iiiiist he viiven for >iieli a neord in 
 miniicipal reform. 
 
 The Police Commissiniicrs are W. J. Convcry, President; Cliarles T. Kitsmi, II. C. Coleman. 
 John K. .\shton ; liiehard Lntes, Clerk. .Meet seeond and last Wednesday of each nionih. The 
 Chief of the dc-partment is Charles JI. .Me('lie>nev; Captains, .lohn .1. Clearv and William llai't- 
 nian ; Serjeants, Andrew Sweeney, Frank \'aii lioin, Miehael .Me<lo\\nii. I'"irst di^triet; William 
 ]»ettinar, .hidson Hiner, William .\leiitt. Second district. In the l''irst prcciiicl the Police .liisticc is 
 Louis Cotlticr ; in the Second, William .1. Crosslcy. 
 
 Pj 
 
 -^^^HS^r^^ 
 
CIIAlTKi: x\\\. 
 
 KDICATION IN" TIIKNTdX. 
 
 {'ul.iiNIAI. Im--1.IKX<-I:s TlIK SclllKll. AMI Till: I, (I Til ■.:,■¥ A Cnl.iiNIA:. Ll|•,l;AI,■^ 'rilllNlnN AM) 
 
 iiKK 1''kkI'; Scikkii.s, is;j;; ■m ]S',).") — 'rm: 'l"i:i:.\iiiN Ai \iii:my — Irs Okc^a.m/.atkin and 
 IIisTdKV, 17>*l 'III l>is;! — Till.; Iv\i;i,v l.ir.i: \iMi;s ami 'iiii'. I'"i;i;i': School Mox'kmic.nt — 
 
 SkIC'RIIICS tiF Till-; .Most I'Uo.MI.NKNT JmUCAI'Io.NAI. J.NSTni'llo.NS |!l SIMOSS Coi>LE(.;ics. 
 
 i^A>^5^ 1 1 1'] S'l'IiOXfi I'rrsliytci'iaii inlliniici's wliidi IkuI such ;iii I'fTcct ii|"iii llic Lrencsis of 
 \\ I'lt'iituii. iiiiitcil the clmnli mill the sclidiil-hnusc \iiiilci' mic t;o\i'i'iiincnt. Minis- 
 ter, iir liiiiiiiiii'. anil Mlmulniaster wei-e intei'chaniicalili' terms. The chartei'in;: uf 
 the CuIIcl;'!' of New .ler-iA" I I'rincetiin I ni\ iisit\ i. in I7K'). niarkt'il a new era in 
 ^ir '-•'^"''^^ intellectual lii'e in New .lersi\-. '['he renmval ni' the inlleLre from the care of the 
 W^-^.^V' I'*'^'- -^amn Ihii'i'. in his classical m'IiooI at Ne\vai-k. in i'l-ineeton, aluuit 'oo, u'avcan 
 jiav^^ imiietus t" eiUicalion in all the near-hy towns. The l!ev. Haviil Cowcll, 
 {c\ H. c) pastoi' iif the I'^irst I'rcshyterian Chui-ch nf Ti-eiiton. was one of the Trustees of 
 q) the ( 'ollejrc iif New -Icrsiv, and had esta hlisheil, in all |irolialiility. a sclmul unijei- 
 
 the cliai'iic of his c(inL;reL;ation. In these eai'lv ila\'s. a teacher reecivcil C'Jo ami 
 liiianlinii: per annmn. 
 
 That tuuehstiine of all colunial entei'|iriscs which (le|icnilei| ii{ion |iii|iular su|i|iort — a lutlcry — 
 was to lie tried in aid of educatinn in Treiitun. An aiheitisemenl in the l'liilailel|ihia |i.a|iei-s nf 
 May, 17-')'!, thus leads : 
 
 "We. whose names are hci'iunto suhserihed. sons of some nf the |p|'iiiei|ial familii's in and 
 ahout Trenton, heim: in smne mcasui'e sensihle of the adxantaizes of leai'nini;-. anil ilesii-ous that 
 IIkisc who arc de|Ji'i\ ed nf it thriiUL:h the |H.\ii-tyof their |iarents. miL:lit taste the sweetness of it 
 with ourselves, can think nf no hcttci' or other niethnd fur that |iur|iiise, than the t'ollnwiuL: scheme 
 of a Dilmnirr-Jsliiiul /.altcri/. for raisinjr ■J'Jo pieces of eiuht [S|iaiiish dullars] towards huildiiiix a 
 house to accoiiimoilate an Knttlish and i!ramniar .school, and |i,iyinL:' a master to teach such childi'en 
 whose parents are unahle to ]iay for schoolinii. It is prupused ih.it the Icnise he thii'ty feet Ioiil', 
 twenty feet wide, and one story liijih, and huilt on the south-east corner of the uieetin,i.'-lHHise yard 
 in Trenton, under the direction of Messieurs l^cnjamin Yard. .Mexander ( 'hanihers, and .Tolm 
 Chanihers, all uf Trentun afoi-esaid. * * '■'■• The manatrers are Jicynald IIuopc>r, yon of IJohert 
 Lettis Hooper, J'>i|. ; Joseph Wavrell, Junior, son of Jose]ih Wan-ell. l''si|.; Joseph Reed. Junior, 
 son of Andrew Heed, I'^sip; Theo|ihilus Sevia'iis, Junior, siai nf Theophilus Sevcrns, JCsi|. ; John 
 Allen, Junior, son of John Allen, Ksip; William I'axtun, son of Jn-eph I'axton, Ksi|., deceased; 
 and John Cleayton, son of William t'leayton, Esq." 
 
 The (Irawinji was to take pla<'e June 11th, '"on Fish Island in the rivei- Pelaware. opposite to 
 the town of Trenton, and the money raised hy this lottia-y shall he paid into the hands of jSIooro 
 Furman, of Trenton, who is under liond for the faithfid laying out the money for the uses ahovo. 
 ^" '■" '•" And we the ]\rana<;ers as,sure the ad\tiiturers upon our honor, that this scheme iji all its 
 parts shall he as punctually ohserved as if we were undia- the formalities used in lotteries; and \vu 
 
THE CITY OF Ti;i:\T()X. 
 
 97 
 
 llattiT iiursclvrs, till' pulilic, (■(insiilcriiiL' ciur lamlalili' (lcsii;ii, (]ura,;:c, and (Jiir iiiiiurcucr. will uiv(. 
 crrdil tti this (lur ]iiililic (li'daration." After tlu.' drawiii.u- "f tlic lottery, then' is little cloulit 
 Imt that the hiiiMiiii:- was erected iiiiiiiediately afterward on the spot indieati'd. The niimites of 
 the Trustees (if the First l're^hyteriall Cliiiivh nviml that in \7ti'> A lexander ( 'handlers and I'.i'HJa- 
 niill Yard were elected liy the euntirejiation •' Directors of the School- 1 loUsc. ' ' hi a leasi' of ISIKI 
 to the ■■Ti-enton Acadi'iny," the premises are deserilied as "a certain hrick Imildinii-. which was 
 erected on the lot lielon.iiin-^ to the trustees of the said chuivh for ih- purpose of a sehoohhouse." 
 The lessees added a stol-y to the liuildin;:, and it coiuiinicd to he used foi- school and chnivh pur- 
 |ioses until it was renio\((l upon tin' erection of the proent chnich. 
 
 In eoiniection with this school, an attempt was made to cstahlish a lihrar\' in Trenton. This is 
 shown from the fact that upon the twentieth day of .March, in the year IT'n'. (Hi\-ei-nor liclcher wrote 
 from l']lizalietlito\\ii to William .Moriis in i-cfcrcnce to a lihraiy in Tivuton. It seems that .Mr. 
 .Morris addressed a letter to His Fxcellency in rcfcri'nce to this pinjeet, w hiili iloeuinent is proh.-dilv 
 lost. The (lovcrnor ri'plied, in p.ii-t, " ^'o\i may depend I shall al\\ny> he williuL: to do evervtliinij 
 |iropcr on my p.-u-t fm' promotiuL; and stnni;thcninLi any scheme that ma\' ha\e a tcndenev to propa- 
 gate iV advance I!elii;ion and I.carninu- which will he of so ureat advaiitii-jv to the pi-csent and future 
 generations." 
 
 The de\'clopnient of education durini;' the 
 latter jiart of thecolonial pci-iod and through- 
 olit the Kcvolutiou w.as, pci'fon-e, slow. 
 Thcri' Were attempts dui-ini; the period of the 
 ( 'onfeileration to found pri\ate schools, which 
 plan was inatci-ially aided from the fact that 
 Philadelphia — the givat intellectual ccntci' of 
 the times — was near hy. In the eai'ly jiait 
 of tlic present centurw Ti'entou w.as rcnowiicil 
 for her |iri\-.atc institutions, to which c.ami-. 
 in pai'ticnlai-, the youn;.; ladies of the oldol 
 fannlies of .\cw .lerscy, of I'liilailelphi.a and 
 
 .\cw ^'ol'k. The stor\- of the dcNcloplilenl of 
 the ///."/,,■„ free sch.iol .-y-tciii of the last half 
 cent\ny is thus told hy I'rolVssor I!. ( '. 
 ( ircgorN' : 
 
 ''Trenton has the Imnoi' of li.aviuL: estah- 
 
 lished the lir.st free school in .\"cw .lerscy. .I..-..:,-,, w s,,„„,,. 
 
 .\s earlv as l.So.'l, a school was organi/cd in 
 
 old .Masonic Hall, in l'"i-ont street. In l's."i>!, this school was removed to the oM j.ail Imilding. in 
 Acadi'my street, the upper jioiiion heinu' used as a school and the hasiaiient as a jail. The township 
 of Nottingham, now a p.art of Ti-cnlon. in Septcinhei-, IS II, opined the school on (.'cntre street, 
 
 near the Fiist Uaptist Church. Tl Id jail was liought. and a High School was organized in tiiis 
 
 huilding in .May, l.'S44, and w'as free only to the indigent \mtil |S|N, when all pupil.s were admitted 
 flee of chai-ge. In Marc'll, 1850, 'J'renton was made one school district, and (he election of :l School 
 Superintendent and two Trustees provided foi-. 
 
 ■•What is now the L'has. Skelton School, in Centre street, was constructed in IMI. and 
 was then a huilding two stories high. In the spring of ISI'.i, the trustees eiideavorei! to 
 raise a loan of S(),OUO to erect the huilding in .\cadcmy street, hut they wei-e not su<-eessful 
 until in I x."i( (. the T.egislatiu'e coming to theii- idicf and authorizing tlu' loan. The huilding was 
 
 erected in ls."iii. and was o|iened on (tctoher 7th. INol. In .May, \X'>'2. owing to insullicii'nt sel I 
 
 I'liom. the Su|ierintenilciit gave ]iermits to ehildi'en to enter private schools at the i-ate of one ilollar 
 per pupil. In January, IS.K;, resolutions were introduced hy Mr. .1. S. Yard demanding greater 
 
 school aceoni datioiis. The result was the hegimiing of measiu'es looking to the erection of the 
 
 I>ellevue AveniKr Sc1hk)1, which was com]ileted and entered hy the school eomniitle<> in IS.ii. 
 Measures were also taken at the .same time which resulted aflerward in the huilding of the .Market 
 Street School, which was opened in TS^St. Two rooms were also added (o the Centre Street School 
 building. 
 N 
 
98 
 
 THE CITY OF TKKNTOX. 
 
 " No new seliool luiililini;s were l>uilt after the erection of the Market Street Seliool, in 1^59, 
 until tliat of the I'liion Street Seliool, whieh was eouiitleted and ])ut into use l)y the Hoard in 
 Januarv, ISIi'.l. Tlie 1 lose Street School followed, whicli was o|jeiicd in .laiiuarv. 1^70. Then came 
 the (irant Avenue School, opened in May, 1S72. in Lsyij, a third story was addeil to the structlU'e 
 in Academy street. With the exception of t!ie lliirh School, there was then a lull in the erection 
 of schoiil-houses until IXSl. when the .'-^ixtli W'ai'il .'-^cIum]! was dedicated, after whic-h the o]icnin,ir 
 of new luiildinus went on very rapidly, in ISS'.I, a new style of school architecture was introduced 
 with the .Monument School ; since that time every huildinj; that has heen erected has hecn of 
 modern type, and all improvements madi' fo old linildin;i:s have liad llie tendency to lirinj; such 
 l)Uildinj:s to corresjiond with modern ideas of school construction. Fourteen i)er cent, of the 
 rooms now occupied for school ]un'poses have heen huilt within live years. Twenty-five per cent, 
 of the room.s in the city are supplic'il with siuiile desks. 
 
 " In 1S',)l'. the Connniltee on (irounds ami IJuilclinjis iletermincd U])on a systematic renovation 
 of the schools in the city. School after school was thoroujiidy attended to, and at the conclusion 
 of the sunnner vacation of \X'J:', the schools were in excellent eonditi<in. 
 
 '' In passinj; it is to lie remarked to the cri'dit of the teachers that they are urging the a'sthetic 
 conception of the children, and in some places the rooms are greatly heautilied liy pictures, llowcrs 
 and other means nf di'coi-ation. 
 
 '•In l.S-")'), there wei-e 17 teaehers employed and 012 pu]iils enrolle(l, while there were ."^O 
 Availing for admission. In |n"iCi. the ISnard graded the s<hools as follows: I'l'imary, Secondarv, 
 
 ( liMminar and II igli ScIuhiI. In April. !>>•")(), 
 there wci'e .">.">"i wldte and I'll colored chilih'eu 
 attending the puMic selii>ii]> of Trenton. In 
 1 S.'il I-.") 1 , (he ainiiinit received h\' ihi- Super- 
 intendent as the apjiortioumcnl of the State 
 fund to the eily was ^-IXIi.XS. 
 
 •• In ISlil. the lioanl ui Ivhiealiun placed 
 the niivthei-n and southern (hvisions of tlie city 
 under l\vo sc|iarate I'rinci]ials. the .\ssaii]iink 
 
 el'eek heillg till' lioUlldalV. Ill .llUle, lS(i4, 
 
 the systi'ui of eni]iloyiug two Principals to 
 supervise the sclioiils was aliolished, and one 
 
 l'rilieip;il \\;l^ eleeted to ~upervise .all the 
 
 -eh(Hi|> lit the city. .\s the schools niulli- 
 plied, this nielhiid was luiind not feasilile. and 
 twii I'lineipals wrrr again ap|Hiinted, Inning 
 jurisdiction respectively nf the districts imrth 
 and south of the Assanjiink creek. AN'lu'U 
 the nigh School was erected, the Principal 
 of that school had jurisdiction over his own scIkihI. In .May, l.S.SS, when the schools of Chamliers- 
 hurg and Millham came under the control of the Ti-ciiton Board of lilducalion, two new school 
 districts were added, and over tlic whole s\stcni a Supca'vising Principal was ap|Hiintcil. In .lime. 
 ISSS, a committee consisting of Messrs. .lolm A. Cauiphell, F'rank O. Uriggs and Leslie C. Pierson 
 was a]ipointt'cl to secur(> a Sujiervising Princijial for the schools of Trenton, and B. ('. Gregory, of 
 Newark, was appointed: he entered upon the duties of liis ollicc .luly "_'(Hh. ISS"^. In the same 
 month, the Su]iervising Princi])al was asked to sit with the Jioard of Jvlucation. 
 
 " In May, ISS."), a committee was a])])ointed to revise the rules for the government of schools and 
 tlie Board. The next month the same committee was ordered to revise the eour.se of study in the 
 High School. In 1S,S7, a couunittt'e reported in favor of fri'e school-hooks, and Common Council 
 was asked to apjiropriate .S15,0()0. In July, 1.SS7, ^Ir. ]\Iaci)herson, Chairman of the Committee on 
 Books and Course; of Study, rc]iorteil that tlu' time li.ad arrived to introduce free text-hooks, which 
 re))ort was adojited. In l.S!)3, a new course of study, iirejiared in accordance with the most modern 
 ideas of education, was ado])te(I hy the Board and introduced into the schools. 
 
 "The points involved in this course of study are the following : 1. The necessity for adapting 
 the course to those who cannot complete it. 2. .\liridgnient in the treatment of the suhjects now 
 
 ,1'iiiN A. i: 
 
Till': (•^l'^■ ov 'I'iji-ixtox. 
 
 99 
 
 '-.':*iu^>j:~i>i 
 
 > B ■ B F 
 
 9 » 
 
 r. S. lii; w 1 S.lf.K.f.. 
 
 on tlie rciursc til make rouiii I'm- ntlii'i- lines uf iiislniclidii. '■). The co-nnlinatiuii nf sluilirs, willia 
 view iif iiiiii'c harniiiniuus dcx rlii|)niciit n\' ilic ]iu]iil. -1. (_'i)nsi(lei'atii)ii cjI' llir ncdls rif the |in|iil as 
 an in<li\'iiliial ratliti' tlian in tlie mass. o. The rvukinii' of ailvanccil and indrjiciiilciil tliiiikiiiL; (Ui 
 
 tlic part 111' tllr IracllcT. 
 
 "An attcni[)t lias ln-m inadr In rncnnrai;!' IIh' tr:nniii'i df the dli^crvalinn in cvi-rs' diiiartnicnl 
 
 wIk'I'c this is iiiissililc. and. in nrdcr thai the atti'in|it may Kc siicirssrul, siicucr stud\' has liccn 
 
 intriidncrd. 'Hie plan is to ha\c tlii' oliscixa- 
 
 tiiin and study 'licijin diirinL: llic lii-,-t yrar nf 
 
 srliijol with thr simplest and niu-t iiiterestiuL:' 
 
 olijects (if the ehihTs envinimnent and \'ear 
 
 liy year inlviidiiee such ntlier nlijeets (if study 
 
 as the e\-er-\videninL: Imi-i/un and the ^^ruwiiiL;' 
 
 faculties (if the child shad make pdssihle.' 
 
 "In aritlmiel ie ehmiiiatidU is pi'aciiecd 
 
 td sU(di an extent as td lea\c lime cUdU.uh to 
 
 teach what is attempted with thdi'dUii'lnU'SS. 
 
 On the dtliev hand, abjeiira and uedinctrv ai'e 
 
 intvddueeil in the ci^ihth \cai-. An ctTdi't is 
 
 made in the cdi u'se td iiitriKhiee Ilic early de\-el- 
 
 djinient df nmre ad\aiice(| suhjeels. \\hich is 
 
 lidW advdcatcd hy many educatidnal thinkeis. 
 
 Thus, pcrccntaLic and iutci-cst are intrdduced 
 
 in a i-U(liuiciitar\" mamici' \'er\' sunn after fe(l- 
 
 eral nidne\' is tauLiht. The idea df intrdduc- 
 
 ilio- the Mrrnis df all suhjeels early. an(l ailnw Hie cdurse df study In he the (A'dlutidU df these n'crnis 
 
 is: rigidly adhered td. 
 
 "In lan^-uauc, fdruial Lii'aumiai- is suhdi'dinated hut Udt eliminated. In the dis(aissidn df 
 
 fdrinal ni'annuar hdwever, everythinu which is df nd \al\ie Id the child in fdi'miiiL;' a rcasnuahly- 
 
 correcl grammatical style is eliminated. In i-eadiu;j. aftci' the third yeai', lilci-alure is prdjiressively 
 
 suh>tituleil fdr the I'cad i uir-l look, and in tlu^ 
 seventh and eii;hth years supplants it altd- 
 ;^-elhei'. < trai i-cadinn' is suhdrdinated td silent 
 readinu. 
 
 " ( icdLiraphy and liistdi-y are cd-(ir(linatc(l 
 very carefully. In hdth nf these suhjects the 
 tdpical niethdd is cmphasi/.c(l. 
 
 "In |iemnanship an elVorl is made to 
 secure mdvemem wiilin;.;. The elVdrt to s(H'Urc' 
 a unifdrm st vie of letter is ahanddUed, a i;racc- 
 ful. Ilucnt an(l rcail.dilc handw ritini;- heim;' all 
 ih.il is rc(|uire(l. In spelliiiL', these errors in 
 nietlidds of teachini; are (ipp(ise(l : lirsl, takinir 
 the Wdi'ds fi'diii their environnicnl, Ih.-it is 
 to sav, IciehiuL' lists of words; second, the 
 rapidilv with which the new woi'ds are often 
 inli-oduccd. defyini; all |idWer Id assimilate; 
 Ihird. Ir\-ini;' to teach the child in scliool all 
 llie wol'ils lie is ever iroinjr to use ; fourth, the 
 practice of Lnvint; a vocahulary tdo dilii(adt hir the child. A wnrd must liccnme a ]iart of the child's 
 vocahularv hefore it is learne(| in a practical sense. 
 
 "The [.inir or Swedish system of jihysical culture is intrdduced. In music Treiildii has made 
 
 a ffl-cat advance; most of the children are readinu' music of ordinary dillicully with cdiisiderahle 
 
 facility. 
 
 "The High School was o|)ened with impressive ccrciiidiiies in Octdher, IST-I. As early as 
 ISO'S, Judge William S. Yard, who was then Supcrinleiident, had urged the erection of a High 
 
 11 K W i I I I U ll-\ I ,M. .-•< iloi.l,. 
 
JOO 
 
 TIIK CITV OF Ti;i:\T()N*. 
 
 Sclioiil as tlu' necosnrv (■(mijilrnunt of our school system, (ircat clianjios have since liceii made in 
 tliis school. It formerly iiad a (lci)artment known as Junior Section, which was really a collection 
 of j.'rammar school classes. This section has been aholished and the institution ])laced u])on a' 
 sound hasis as a High School. A new coiu-sc of study was introduced about a year ajro. The ends 
 acconi|iIishcd liy the new course were re-adjustment of the studies, a sulidivision of the curriculum 
 into Knirlish, scienlilic and connncrcial courses ; the provision for the teaching": of hijrh school studies 
 in accordance witli advanced hicIIkhIs of (eaching ; the enlargement of tiic facilities for teac'hinj; 
 drawing- and llie scicntHii- hran<iies ; liic introduction of (icrman, stenogra|ihy and l)Usiness studies. 
 .V small huildin;,' has liccn purcliascd In cairy out the jiurjioscs of the Coinmercial Dejiartment. 
 The Hoard has |mi-iliased t\|ir\\ ritcis, and tln' work in the steno.iiraiihy and tyjuwritini: depart- 
 ments is very |ii'actii"il. 
 
 ■■ in the matter of promotion, the lionoi-ary system lias been introduced. l>y tin- o]ic'ration of 
 this system every pu]iil who, thnniLihniit the year, up to the date lixed foi- the annual cxannnation, 
 has avcraiic'd \tcooil,' is prnninled with what is known as an ' Honorary ('<Ttilicate," and without 
 examination, if a ]iupil does not reac-li this InLih averaiic he is sul)jected to an cxaminatinn. whicli 
 counts line ; his ' tt'rm avcraac " eountini;- tuur in deteniiinini;' his standini: — /. i.. his work durinjr 
 the year is niaile foui' times as impoitant as his work on examination. This does nut put a premium 
 on cramminu- for examination. The ' term a\ii'at:e' i;iven is determineil in a I'atinnal manner — 
 
 the pujiil is not mai'ked from day tnday, but 
 bis priiLiress is estimated at the end uf the 
 
 nth. l!y thus takinu' Inntr periods of time 
 
 the teaeliei- is able in judjic more intelligently 
 (if his ]ii-iii;i-css than by the mieroseii]iic method 
 (if ilailv markini.'. 
 
 ■•Tiie gl'eatest advance ill Treiitcill, Imw- 
 ever, has been in the adoption of imiircix'ed 
 methods ill the Iraiiiiug uf teachers. Formerly 
 there were llii methods whatever : there is now 
 a \\ cll-eiiuipped '{'raining Schoiil, (illieered li\' a 
 
 ciirps cif trained teachers as g 1 as is to lie 
 
 fiiuml ill most training schools in the eunntry. 
 The ciiurse inx'olves lessons in jisvchologv, 
 methods iif teaehiiig, and s]iecial t-ourses in 
 niethiids in each (if the following subjects: Arith- 
 
 -■ i' nietie, geography, drawing, music, language, 
 
 writing, elementary science, kindergarten, read- 
 ing and history. It cniiiprchends also a course (if reading in pedagogy, and eighteen weeks' practice 
 in t!ie Training School, said ]iractice to be reviewed in a series of critic classes. 
 
 "The necessity for training does not cease when a teacher leaves the Tniining ScIhkiI. It is to 
 the credit of Trenton's teachers that they gladly avail themselves of the ojiportunities juit within 
 their gras]i, and even invent meetings fur themselves. Among the \i]ilifting facts in the educational 
 history of this city, must be nientidued the Teachers' Psychology Class. This consists of over one 
 hundred teachers who, once a fortnight, meet for the study of jisychology. The subject is considered 
 not thedrelically, but in view of its bearing upon the actual jiracticc of teaching. The enthusiasm 
 of this class is one of the most liopeful signs of Trenton's advancement, 
 
 '"Tiie Teachers' Consulting Library nuw numbers about one thousand three hundred books, 
 Tiie Supervising Princijial is authorizeil to spend $\i) ]ier month for ]>urchasing books for this 
 lilirary, 'i'wclve of our schools also have provided jirofessional libraries for tlicni.«elve.s ; usuallv 
 tiny are loan collections or else liln'arics bought by the schools or the teachers. The teachers arc 
 also buying |)rofcssional books for tliemsclves, and subscribing liberally to educational journals. 
 
 "Along with these advances in the training of teachers has come a change in the method of 
 appointment, which is being made on the l)asis of fitness. The standard of eligibility of applicants 
 for the position of teachers has bt'cn raisc(l. Normal School and Training School graduates to l)cconie 
 eligible mvist previously have pursued the full prescribed coiirse in the High School, or in an insti- 
 
tllK CITV (IF ti;k\T(».\. 
 
 101 
 
 tiilii>n <<( r(|n;il statiiliii;;. Tliis insures fur all a|>|ilicaiits a rcasoiialilr ac-adciiiic ],iv|iaraliiiii. 'I'liat 
 anuiunt (if cultiiiviviiR'si'iil.<l l.ya 1 1 i-h School course is lln' siiiallcsl amount lliccily .-liould accept 
 from those wlio [irojiose to teach in its schools. 
 
 " In the niattei- of e.\tei-niiuatin,ii lai'iliness, truancy and sns|iensions. a ^■<•ry reuiai-kahle ailvaiice 
 
 lias Keen made. .Many of the scl U have all hut ohlilei-ated tardiness, and s\is|.( nsion for disorder 
 
 i~ almost a thin- <<{ the past. 'I'his means that disci|iline is ohiaineil with le-,^ friction, .and there- 
 foi-e hy more I'atinnal measuri's. Indirectly it point- to hetier teachini; .aii.l hi-lier standards of 
 luethods on the part n( the teachers, for such rcMilt- eaniini 1 ht.aineil on a l^xv plane of teachinu'. 
 
 "Tn Xovcmhci-. iscl, the 'I'. .M. ( '. .\. ,,|' 'I'renton -uaranteed x:>{) U, furnish the pupils of the 
 ni.nlit schools with liook>. stationery, tVe. In 1S77. when the linaiicial eoinlition of the Hoard would 
 
 not warrant the openiim "f the ni-lit scl 1-, Mr. .hihn i'lxton. a puhlic-spiriteil eiti/en, verv 
 
 matci-ially aided the Hoard, and the school- weic instituted. In 1^7'.!. this fi-icnd of the nijit 
 
 schools auaiii assisted the I'.oard. The disintcre^leil kindness of Mi-. I'lxlon des(a\es the st lion- 
 
 orahle mention. Tln' nii^lit scIimhIs ha\-c hecane an iii,po|-t:ni1 part of our si-1 1 s\slem. I'p to 
 
 four years auo, howe\-ei-, they wciv in an cNcccdinvl.N' ch.aotic conditinn : tlii'\- arc now hiL:hl\- 
 oi'iiani/.ed. Amoiiu the pi-oniincnt features of oui- system of cNcnim.: schools, is the spcciali/ation of 
 teachillt;- — each teaelna- in a school t.'aelics a suhjeet. The sui'ccss of this met hod has heeii testi'il 
 so thorounhly in this city as to leave no room for douht as to its superi(Piit\-. 'I'liere i- actual instruc- 
 tion uivcai in the cvcuinL: schools, and the specimens of work prescrxcd from \-eai- to \-ear show how 
 
 material has heeli the ad\ance of oui- pii] ids. I n ti-catiniicach sul ijecl taut; lit .at the e\tiiin- scl Is, 
 
 an effort has heen made to detelininc what it is worth whih' lo ace plisli, .anil wli.at can lie acconi- 
 
 jilished in a uiveii u-rade. Such efforts to this eml look to the cNclusioii of \\|iat is irrcle\aiit. 
 
 ■■ The E\-eiiinii' IIii;li School now entei- upon it- fourth year. Its foin- depai-lmcuts are, ni.athe- 
 
 niaties, 1 k-kccjiiiii:-, stciioui'aphy and diawint;. The llo.inl has provided ample .■iccoiuniodations 
 
 for the students of mech.anieal di'.awiiiL; and the prixileuo lia\-e liccn ful|\- .appreciated. The 
 students of the e\-eiiiim stciioL^i-.a phy class who li:i\c completed their course liaNc all t.akcn po-iiions 
 as fast as they ha\c applied. The I iookd<eepiiiL: dcpai'tment i- enthusiastic. 
 
 •■ In the m.atter of sccui'iiiL;' rciiulai- attcnd.niec upon the e\-eiiint; schools — .i pi-ohlcm which all 
 cities have wrestled with — a solution h.is hien re.iched in the adoption of what is known .-is the 
 dollar-deposit plan. The plan re(piiresa deposit of one dollai- from e\ery applicant. The iiionc\- 
 is refunded at the clo,-e of the season if the applicant attends rcLiulaily. Se\'eral i-itics lia\e adopted 
 this plan and others are coiisideriim' its adoption. The results are in the hii;hcst deirrci' salisfactorv. 
 The Kveniiiir IliuT. School, for example, in spite of the do|lai'-depo>it pl.in. is niiicli lari.'cr anil more 
 laithusiastic than cvci- heforc. The class in stenography has doulilcd upon the jiirtu'cs of last year. 
 Many of our yoiuiL; men and yoiniL; wouu n have ohtaincil po-itions as stenoj.fraplicrs, and have held 
 them sccairely without exception, 
 
 '"A lonj.' time a,L;o the lion. Cli.arles Skcltou made a liei|Ue-t to the city. providiiiLr for the 
 creation of a ]ivililic school lihrary nndcr the cli.arL:e of the puhlic schools. .\s the will jirovided 
 that durintr the lives of cci-tain persons the income should not he eiijoved hv the citv, the schools 
 did not come into the jMissessioii of Ihi,- ineouie until recculh-. The city is to rcci'ivc an annual 
 income of ahout ■S'.IOO. .\ room is to he |iro\ided. and it will imt he loiiu heforc our schools are 
 ei|uipped with a very practical lihrary. 
 
 ''One of the most impoitant measures that ha\c heen adopted, relating;" to the schools, is the 
 transfer of the liovcrniiuait of the schools from the Hoaril of Ivlucation to a Imdy known as the 
 Commissioners of Puhlic instruction. This has involved a reduction in memlicrship from twcnty- 
 tliree to citrht, and a con-e(|Uent concentration of ri's|ioiisihilit\-, which has licen very much to the 
 iulvantafrc of the schools. 
 
 "The followin,!.' statistii'S relate to schools: i'opul.ition of Ic-al school aire I I. 1-IS ; iiumhcr 
 enrolled in the puhlic schools during; the p.ist year, 7.ll<l; nunihcr of pupils the schools will si-al 
 comfortalily, (i.'.KI.S ; avera;j:e enrollment for one yt'ar, (),2li>< : avci-ai:-c attendance, .'i,-|(l.| ; niniihcr 
 of pupils ill the Iliirli School, 2.S1 ; avcrajic ntmiher of ]iupils enrolled in the evcuiiiir schools, I.'!.'! ; 
 
 average evcniiii;- attendance, .".Ml: numlier of teachers in the city. Ili'i: total valuation of scl 1 
 
 property in the city, •'ii!4i;4,(f7'.l." 
 
10-2 
 
 TIIK crrV OF TKKXTO.N. 
 
 Lr.SI.IK ('(IDK I'lHHSdN. 
 
 I,cs!ic Clink PitTsoii, Sii])erintcnilcnt nf I'ul)lio Scliocils, wiis Imrn in fittstdwii, Hunterdon 
 cinuitv, Xrw Jci'scv, in till' vcar 1N")(i. His i-csiilencc in 'I'rfUtdii i\:i\r< IVmn tlic time lio was 
 
 live years nld. A Jural mercantile' store gave 
 him his first husiness o|i]i(jrtunity. During tlie 
 sessions of tlie 1-i'gislature of lS()S-6!), lie was 
 a pauc in tlie Senate. Here lie saved from liis 
 wagi's a sullieient sum of money tri oMain a 
 course in a husiness college, in onlir In .-u]i|ilc- 
 iiM'iit his |iuMic M-liool cducalion. To lliis end 
 he cnlercd liiilir's I'lUsincss ( 'nlli'gc. Ill 1^71, 
 he ohtniiieil a |iositiiiii in ihc Sn|irenic Court 
 • illicc df thi' State of Xi'W .lersey. and after 
 s|iciiiliiiL: three years as a elei'l<. was ui\'en 
 chariic df the ~carcliing de|iartment. which 
 |)dsitioii In- has lielil fdp twenty years. Mr. 
 j'iersdii has ln'cii a meiiilier of the ISdard of 
 Schdiil 'riii-tci's since 1SS(;. and has I'cndered 
 the cit\- df 'ri-elild|i x.iluahlc scrviee ill that 
 |Misitid|i. lie was the la.-t President df the 
 elcclixc r.dard and the lilst ri'esidelit df the 
 .■i| )| M lint i\e ( '( iiiimi--ii m. 
 
 P)I:n.iamin C. < d;i:odi:v. 
 
 llciijaiiiiii C. Crcgory. Su|iei'visiiiu' Priii- 
 ci|.al df 'ricntdn's iiiiKhc -chudls, was lidrn in 
 New ^'dik City in lS|',i. In the )iuhlic s<-liodls 
 of \\\> nati\(' I'ilv he |ii'e|i.ired hiiiiM'lf fdi- the 
 Collegt' df tlie City df .\<-\\ York, from which 
 
 he was graduated in ISCS. lie afterward tddk a special cMiur^c in tlic Sclidul df ^Fines connec'teil 
 
 with Cdlumhia College. l''dr ahuut two yeai-s he was engaged in nut rd|H ihtaii editdrial Wdi'k. 
 
 l'"dr three vears he was .\ssistant .\ctiiary df the 
 
 I'aiijiii'e .Mutual Life Insurance Cdiniiany df .New ^'d|■k. 
 
 Professor (!regory's education had heeu cdiii|ili-te, lli~ 
 
 exjierienee in active husiness life in New \nvk City 
 
 sujiplementcd tin' thcdretical knuwlcdgc which he had 
 
 received in the sdidcils. Jn iNTo, he hecanic a tntdi- in 
 
 his .\lma Plater. After spending se\cral years in that 
 
 positicin lie I'esigneil to accept tlii' ]iriiicipalship df a 
 
 |jrimarv school in Newark. He was somi afterward 
 
 made Principal df diie df the large grammar schddls of 
 
 that city. 
 
 l'>y this time Professdr ( iregnry had heednie one of 
 
 the iiroiiiinent educators of the State. Winn the 
 
 S<'hool Poard of Trenton was making changes in the 
 
 management of our puhlic scliools, they secured him 
 
 to take the position of Su|iervising Principal. Tliis 
 
 was to tlie end tliat the schools should he re-organizeil 
 
 on ii seientifie plan. For seven years Professor (iregorv 
 
 has exercised a constant and (aatieal oversight of the 
 
 seliools of this citv. 
 
 Lksi.iI': Cuok Ptkusox. 
 
 lil,.NJ.\MlN e. l.UKGOHV. 
 
THE CTTV OF TUENTOX. 103 
 
 rmlci- liis ilirrciiuii. ;i traiiiiiii;' srlnml t'ni- traclii'V- lias l)crn iuslitiitrd ami siicc-cssfullv cnii- 
 iluctiil. Ili> Weekly lectures oil |je(lai;nLiy Ikwc lieell i.f iliealiulal ile liellelil tu tile teachers. lie is 
 a JMini leader nf yoini;^ |iei)|)le ami iiispii'es cvcix IxnK' willi (■(inrKlciicc in liiii:-ell' ami the success 
 (if hisjilaiis, I'lilil (ililiiicil t(i rcsiiiii mi accmiiil nT lii^ iiici'easiiii;- selinul duties, he was .Musical 
 nireetiir iif the .Mi'iidel<-.ihii Clinr.d riiiiiu. ,\t the I'arnot solicitatinii nf the lniciii. he lias 
 recently re-assiinied the li.-ilmi in that smiely. He is a tliiiruui:li niusieian, and when in Newark 
 was tin; li'ader nf tin; chdir in niie ill' the |irinci[ial churches nf thai city. 
 
 'I'm; 'riii'.NiiiN Ai'.\iii:my. 
 
 rldsely identilied with the liisturv nf edncatinn in 'rreiitnii is the Ihiil: and hdiiiiialile reeiii-d of 
 the 'I'rcntiin ,\cadeniy. It was ii|inii the tenth nl' l''eliruai'y. 17>^1. that certain ]irii|irii'tnrs. lili/ens 
 lit' 'I'rcntiiii. fnrnied an assiiciatiiiii "tur I lie |iur|Mise nf i red iii'.; :i SiIkiuI !luii~e in the said Tuwii. 
 and kccjiinL; up a l;e;iiilar ScIkhiI I'nr the Isducatinn nf ^'mith, tu he eundiicted under the l-'irni ul' 
 the Treiitiiii ScliiHil ( '(iiii|ianv.'' 
 
 The jircanilile tu the ai'ticlc nf aufeeineiit tints further exiiresses the nliject of this assiiciatinn : 
 '' Sundry iiihaliitants nf the 'I'uwn and \iiiiiity, sensihle nf the ^ircat iin|iiii-tance nf Ivhieatinn tn 
 the >velI-lieiiiL; nf indiviiUials, and the ^nnd nrder nf ( l(i\ criinn iil. and nf it> peculiar irse in early 
 life, ami judLiiui;' the jirescnt means nf it in this |ilaee inadeipi.ate. IicIhl; met. ai;reed tn [iiirchase a 
 lilt, erect a cniinnndinus liuildiim therenii. .and fnrm a perinaiient SchnnI under prnper licirnlatinns.'" 
 
 Tllil1y-si.\ shares nf the tnlal \allle nf tj-!7ll, suhjeet In assessment, was the capital stuck, each 
 ]irn]irietnr"s share '.,;i\-inu' the riLilit In send .a child tn schnnl withniit an\' cliai'L;e I'nr use nf the 
 liilildiiiL;'. ( )ut-selin|ars, nr tlmse imt sent nn ^liai'cs, were assessed half a dnllar each ipiarter, 
 liesides tuitinii. liy way nf rent iiiniiey. Tn all the sehnl.irs extra cli.ai'u'cs Were made fur incidiailals. 
 sticli as fnr wiind iiinnev. at the rate nf lliree-i|iiarlers nf a dnllar per ipiarler. 
 
 The names nf the nriLlinal plnprietnrs w ere .Inseph liiuliee. |)a\id lllealley. .lame- .Milllnl', .Ir,. 
 Uensselaer ^\'illianls. .Inseph Taxtnii, Stacy I'ntis, l-.aac Smilli, Isaac Cnllins, William Tucker. 
 .James Ewiii.i:, (Vmrad Knits, Stephen Lnurey, .Miiam limit, Mnni-c l'"urniau, l!nlieil Neil, .Micajah 
 How, .Jneol) l^enjamin, William ('liunliill llniistnn. ,hilm Neilsnn and I'raiicis Witl. 
 
 On .May -Jdtli. 17>il. the Trustees linnuht nf Mmire l^'mnian fnr Cl-'i the ln| nf t^i-nmnl npnii the 
 
 mirth side nf .\e;idemy ^treel. Cpnli this lilt was creeled llie scl I liuildllli;. which was twn stn|-ies 
 
 ill lieiti'lil. twenty feet ill lii-cadtli and twenty-six feet in length. 
 
 'Idle earl\- inslriictinii was nf a vcrv {■leiiieiitar\' character, arillmiclic and piililic speakiliir heinu: 
 (.'(ilisidereil aimiiiii- the lii'.ilier liranclies nf cdiiealinii. ( )n Nnveniher KHli. IT^""). an act was|iassed 
 iiic(ir]iiiratiliu' the iiri^inal pinprielniv ami 'i'riislce^. and the name uf the Trcnlnn Schnnl Cniiipany 
 was c|iaiiL:ed tn that nf ■•The I'rnprictnrs nf the Treiitnii .\cademy.'" 
 
 The charter recites the nriLlinal articles kI ai;reeinent. ami states as re.-isnns fnr im-nrpni-a(inii 
 that a Int had hceii pun Ikim d and I iiiildin,^;' erected ■'in which the learned laiiLiuaucs, the iMiulish 
 and French Lirammatically, and ntlier useful hranehes uf lilenilure are lauiihl with .i^reat success. "' 
 By this eharler the enmpauy are ]ierniitted In hnid pi'nperty wlmse annual rental value shall lint 
 exceed that nf niie tlinusaml hnshels nf wheat. 
 
 That the schnnl was nf hi-h repulalinii al lliis time is alloled hy the fact thai examinations 
 were held in the i'resliyteriaii elnnvli, which were attended hy the Onvia-mir, i.e,u;islature and 
 (listiii.<ritislied stran.irers. Anmnt;- the latter, in IT^^l. were the I'j'c-idcnt nf Cniiuri'ss, linron Steulien 
 and niemliers nf the Coiigre.ss and Loirislature. 
 
 In the '■ New .Jersey Oazette" ti|Hin the tweiily-seveiilh nf l-'chruary, 17>ili, il is reenrded that 
 "the voun.ir .L^entli'ineii lielniiiiiliLr to the 'i'renlnii ,\eademy uave a specimen nf their im]iriivemenl 
 in tlic art nf ]uililic s]ieakin.i.', in presence i if His Kxeelleiiey the ( iovernor, the Vice I'resideiit, .Mr. 
 Speaker and nmst nf the memhers nf the i,e,L;isl;iture. Their perfnnnanees were siieli ai< frained the 
 ainirohatinii nf this respectahle audience." 
 
 In 17.S7, a fiirls' school in ennnectinn with the Imys' schcm] was opened liy Mrs. .Jnjin Mease, 
 of Philadelphia. At this jierind, the itev. .James F. .\rnistrnni:. of the First I'resliyteriaii L'huirli, 
 af.m;cd to attend the seliool, dispose the classes and their sindies, and, in exerd.sinf,' <;eiieral 
 KUpemsion, iire.side over the |iulilic exaniinatiniis. From time In time, the Aeadeiiiy wa.s enlarged, 
 and more property was purelia.sed, presumalily for eampiis purposes. 
 
104 THE CITY OF TRENTON. 
 
 Tlip schiinl was ikw va|iiilly atlvanciiiir in tlic cliaractcr and <;ra(lc of its stuilics, and on 
 Sciitcnilicr l-")tli, 17>>'.l, it was decided to give a ecrtilieate under tlie seal of tlie e<iri)oration '"to 
 sueli scholars as sjiall have studied the Englisii language^ gi-anniialically. and siiall have gained a 
 (•onii>etent knowledge of at least two of tlie follmving hranches, viz.: K.xtraction of the Roots, 
 Aii'clira, Mathematics. (ieogra]ili y, Chronology, History, Logic, ithetoric, >hiral and Natural 
 I'hiloso]ihy, Spirit of Laws ami Ci-iticism, and those having reaci what is usually read in Schools, 
 of Ca'sar's Connnentaries or Ovid's .Mctamoriihoses, Justin or Sallust in Latin, and any two of the 
 four following hooks. Tlu' .\ew Testament. Luciairs Dialogues, Xenophon or Homer in the Greek, 
 siiall he entitled to have the same inserted therein." 
 
 In 17'.)4. the Trenton .\cademy Lottery was institided, which, in lsO-2, resulted in a net gain 
 to the school of SI. 'if ;■">.•".<;. 
 
 In IT'.M, a jirivate night school had liecn estahli^hed, for which, in IT'-''-'. Su|icrinlcndcnt 
 I)u llois asked exclusive [trivileges as teacher. 
 
 In IMK), it was r<'solvcil to |iurchase the hrick school-house which st I on thi' I'l'cshyti'rian 
 
 church grounds, in I^tate street, a httlc ea~tcrly of the site of the |irescnt church, to lie used as a 
 schodl for girls, 'i'hc Tru>lccs of the church concci\itiu' that they had not suHicieiit authoi-ityto 
 sell, the school-hou.-<' was liascd to the Trenton .\cadeiiiy Coni|iany. 
 
 The Trustees of the .\cadcuiy, in ISOT, exercising assumed |Milice autlioritw |iassed a resolution 
 iirohihiting the "scholars Fi-oin shooting guns within the limits of tin' |io|iulon< pail of the city." 
 and authorized .and directed the (ilTcncha's to he ]iunislied in an cxemplai\' manner. 
 
 The ,\cademv grew with much \igor (hiring: the lii^l liaU' of the present century, although, at 
 times, adverse conditions teiidi ' to retard the ihx'clopmeiit of the institution; ililliiailties were 
 overcome, and. in IS lU. at an expense of !^'.">.()',)1.." hi' .\. ' , .lu.lding was aheir'd. ('i)neerning 
 this, the Trustees' re]iort says : "The conveniences of the liuilding pro\-e it to he in perfect keeping 
 with its hi'aiitiful architectural proportion-^, and ^\■llcll .\cadem\' ~treet shall lia\-c heeii graded, and 
 the improveiiieiits of the grounils as contemplated li\- the Hoard in the spring shall ]vaw heen 
 made, the external appi'arance of the .\cadeni\' will proeiit a just cau>e of hoiiorahle pride 
 to our citizens." 
 
 Cntil the early se\-ci it ies the school continued to pri i>per. The W'ai- of the iiehclliou rctardeil its 
 prouress, hut in view of the intense intelli'i'ttial acli\it\' following strife, the .\cademy hccame reju- 
 venated. ThcLirowth ipf the State Normal and .Model Schools, with large State appropriation-, was 
 also a factor in the de<line of this hoiiorahle institution. Toward the I'losc of its career, it is of 
 interest to note that in isyii permission to use the room in the secoml stor\' of the .\i'ademy for a 
 Sundav-school, was granted to the Trinity ]Ciiis<-o))al Church. This was not the first time the 
 ,\cadeniy huildiiig had heeii occujiied for a like ]iur|iose. In it one of thi' first Sunday-schools 
 founiled in this coimti'y held its services. In the \\ inter of h^l-'i-Ki, the Trenton and Lamherton 
 Sunday and Free School Association w.as foiined, and in Octoher, l>^l(i, it ili\ided into three jiarts — 
 the I'reshyterians held their school in the old Ijriek seh(H)l-house, the ]fa[itists in their ehurcli and 
 the ^lethodists in the .Vcadeiiiy hiiililing. 
 
 "In INSl, the school contained nineteen ]iupils. and in hsSJ, the .\cadcniy ceased its career. 
 The century of its organization was appropriately commemorated in ISSl. upon which occasion the 
 Hon. \\'illiani L. Dayton, e.x-^Ministi f to Tln' Hague, reail an address emliodying the history of 
 the institution. The following have heen Trustees of Trenton ,\cadeinv : 
 
 Stacy I'otts. 17S1-17S:5, 17.S.')-17.'^7, Charles Tom]ikin>. 17'.H), 
 
 Moore Furman. 17^1, 17^:1-1 7'.)1, I'i'ter ( nirdon, 17'.n-17'.tii, ISOO. 
 
 .hunes lowing, 17s|-17s-_', 1 7X.">-1 Sii-J, .Mexander Chanihers. .Ir.. 17'.I4-]N()0, 
 
 I.saae Collins, 17>^1-17>^I. 17sii~l 7'.m;, .loseiih liivarley. 17'.IN. 
 
 William Churchill Houston, 17.^1, Itandall Kickey, J71).s, 
 
 David I'.rearley, 17S2-17N4, .Janu'S S. Kwing, 1S()4- 
 
 Isaac Smith, 17S2-17S."), Lucius II. Sto<kton. 1S()|- 
 
 Conrad Kotts, 17S:!, 17S.-)-l.S0(), (ddeoii 11. Wells. 1M)1-1S17, 
 
 Samuel W. Stockton, 17S4, Charlc.- Kwing. 1m>|^1,s2;!, 
 
 r.enjamin Pittield. 17SI, ( leorge Sherman. IS17, lS-i2-ls;iO, 
 
 :\IaskeH Ewing, J7S.S-17S'.), ]7'.)2, ISOO, ^Villianl Potts, 1.S17-I.S21, 
 
THE CITY OF TRENTON. 105 
 
 Zadiariah Husscll, IS-JI-ISS"), Rev. Sainurl Stair, l.S.|7-l.Sr,9, 
 
 Thomas L. ^\■(>^llll■lllT, ls-_M-ls:U), Sta<-y(i, I'otts, 1^ IT-lsc,."), 
 
 Charles II ii;l)ue, l.S:i;;-l.s;;.'), 'William C. Hc.wrll, lS47-lS(i<), 
 
 John S. Chaiiiliers, is;i(), C. A. I'lrijii-aris, 1S17-1SS(), 
 
 Charles Burnm-lis, lS:r)-]S(;i, |;,.v. John Hall, is 17. 
 
 ITcnrv W. (ireeii, 1.S3.3-1.S47, Williaiii \,. Dayton. 1S17-1S.")9, 
 
 .lames iMvinu', lS:i")_l.So2, l!aik( r ( Iniimnrc. IS.")'. 1-1 SSI. 
 
 Tlioiiuis .J. Stryker, l.S4o-l<S7l-', Ivluanl W, SruddiT, 1 S.-,'.U1SS(), 
 
 Francis .\. Ewing, 1.S4;5-1S47, .hilm S. CliaiiiluTs, 1S.")1)-1SS], 
 
 I'liilcninn l»iekinson, 1S47-1SS1. William S. Stryker, ISSO-lSSl, 
 
 William I.. l)avt.iri, lss()_ls,sl. 
 
 E.\ui.Y Lir,i!Ai:ii;s. 
 
 As a part of flie cclucaf idnal system uf the eity, the eai'ly liKraries, uliieli \i> the vnuth iieeu|]ie(l 
 the jilaee nf ]iuhli<- I'lliieatinn, must nut he nei^leeted. .\s "iie III' the ]ih.-ises (if the free schoul move- 
 ment the meetini; nf the .Vpin-entiees' hiln-ary ( 'iim|iany, on .Vpril ■Jllth. IS-Ji^, is of jiartieiilar interest. 
 On that oeeasion a nieetiim' of the eitiziais of Trenton was held at the house of .hise|ih M. llis|ihani, 
 Trenton House. The follow inu ticntlenien were (leeply interesteil in the mo\-ement : Chai'les I'.'winir, 
 Samuel E. Southard, Zaeliariali Rossell, ( Jeoi'LK' Watson, Samuel l'"\ans, .lames .1. Wilson, l!ev, 
 ^Vhiel Carter, Rev, William lioswell, Thomas (ioi'don, Daniel Colem.ni, Charles Uun-oiiLihs anil 
 William S. Stoekton. Cjion the openini: niLilit tliii'ty-li\ e \-oluiiies were taken out. Two hundi'ed 
 and lifty 1 looks were displayed on eases, wliieh eost the company s; I :JI), Tliese works were of tin- 
 good, old-fashioned kind, eontaining no novels, romani'cs or pla\s, w liidi are so a|it to captivate 
 juvenile imaginations, hut wei-e composed of wm-ks of more sterling value and lasting usefulness — on 
 religion, morality and science, history. Iiiograjiln', tra\els, vovages. d ■■^iniiliiir. The societ\' con- 
 tinued for many years, when the late l.ilnarian Samuel l'"\ans gave the hooks into the charge of the 
 Young Men"s Christian Association. 
 
 On the fourth of Scjitemher. IS.'^S, the Trenlon Institute was formally organized. It continued 
 an actix'c career until Mai'ch L'4th, IS44, wliiai it cc.iscd opci-ations. The institute frcipicutU- met in 
 the large saloon — or assenihlage-room — of the City Hall, .\mong its acli\'c mcndiei-s were (icoige 
 Woodrutf, Rev. .lohn W. '\'eoinans, Stacy (h I'otts. Esip, Setli Luken-, .lames Wilson. Dr. I'"rancis 
 ^\. k'wing. Charles Darker, Ivcv. Sanniid Starr, .\ndrew .\llinson, Timothy AMiott, .Ir.. .lohn .Mei'slmn, 
 Cliarles C, ^'ai-il. Dr. .Jami's II. Coleman, Dr. John L. Tayloi-, .loscjih Wilherup and lienjannn S. 
 Dishrow. 
 
 The Mechanics' Institute, where free lectures on arts and sciences were hidd. was estahlishcd in 
 lS4'i. Charles .Mooi'c. Dr. .lames II. Coleman, llcnjamin !>. Disln'ow and Henry .M. Lewis were 
 instrumental in its oi-gani/.ation. 
 
 In 1845, the lr\iiig Institute, which was slmi-t lived, met in the City Hall. Its olliccrs were 
 Lewis R. .lustice, President ; Christophers. Hoagland, Secretary ; Charles C. Burroughs, Treasurer; 
 Lewis R. Justice, C. S. Hoagland, Charles C. Uurmughs anil Joseph Corlies, Managers. This was 
 a precursor of the Trenton Lyceum, which <lid not last long. 
 
 The Trenton I.ilirary. which was o]iened in 1S52. was an important organization. They nu't 
 in Tem]ierancc Hall and in the Lincoln Huilding. cornier State and limad. which was erected hy 
 Charles Scott in 1S53. Ovel- one thousand live hundred volumes adorned thcii' slidvcs, and the 
 income of the organization was S220. These hooks afterward came into the iiossession of ihi' ^'oung 
 Men's Christian .Association. 
 
 In the winter of 1S55 the "Trenton Lecture .\ssociation " was founded. Its otlicers were 
 William W. L. Phillips, President; William Howe, Secretary, and a Board of Directors. 
 
 The earliest foundation of the '^'oung Men's Christian .Vssociation, in 1S5(), is to he (niced to 
 an intellectual as well as a religious movement. The eilucalional demands of tiie town leil to this 
 Association, and as early as 1.S7U the yoinig men had a lihniry of sevenil thon.sand volumes, and 
 the various newspapers of the day were to he found in its rooms. Then, as now, through the 
 winter sea.son the Association had lectures upon various suhjeds. The rooms have hcen on W arren 
 o 
 
lor, 
 
 THE CITY OF TltKXTOX. 
 
 stnx't, on State strwt, in tlie l)uil(lin<; ()ccu]iied hy S. I'. Dunham it Co., and in the "Sunday 
 A<lvevtiser "' huildinjr, on M'est State street. Tiu^nee they iimved to their eomniodiou.^ edifice on 
 East State street. 
 
 Business Coi,i,i:<;i;s. 
 
 Trenton, throuirli the medium of lier business eolh'j>es, oeeui)ies a ])roiiiinent place amonir tlie 
 educational centers of the Ivistern States. One of the lirst towns in the covuitry to adopt and 
 develop this idea of s]iecial traininir for commercial life, the various Trenton husiness collet's have 
 kept steady pace witii tlu' demands made ujjon them for men (|ualilled to take i)ositions in evei-y 
 econ<iuuc Held. The fact that the city support.s three .such institution.s is a sure test of the 
 elliciency of their traininjr. 
 
 The Trenton IJusincss ('ollej,a' was ori.uinally one (if the Hryant it Sti'atton system, and was 
 inatiiiuratcd in 1S(>."). In lS(>(i, Professor Andi'cw .1. llidi^r ln'came l'i-incipal. .\ short time there- 
 after the interests were pin'ciiased hy Ueecher iV rvi<lcr. Mr. iScecher was fulldWid hy W. I!, .\llen. 
 Jn 1S7S Mv. liidcr assmiicd full control of the institution, and has since remained its uuidinj.' spirit. 
 In .lulv, ISii;!, ;i stock company, consistintr of .V. -T. Itider. President: W. 1!. Kniiler. Secretarv, 
 and .l(isc]ih 1.. KuLilcr, Treasurer, was formed, '["his cdrpuration nnw manaucs tlic I'djlctie. 
 
 The TrcntiHi Husiness t'olleire is a thoi'oui;hly-eiiuip|ied institution, and has a lonir list of 
 alunnu and alumna'. From the sim]ile fact that dnrint;' the past year three hmidred students wci'e 
 enrolled in tiic collcuc shows tliat tiie success of the instilulioii has hecn rcmarkahji'. .\ fuliv- 
 ei|uipi)cil liynmasium and a Hhrnry of husiness and law iiooks are attractive features of tin' culJcgc. 
 
 Professor Andrew .1. iiiiici-. Piincipal of this cnlleue. was Imni in Livin.Lrston county. Micingan, 
 in the year 1S4.">. lie was educated at a seminary at lluwcll, Miciiiuan. and Hillsdale College, in 
 tin- same State. After receiving a thuniugh classic.al cnursc at these institutions, he taught school 
 for a few yeai's in .Miciiigan. and then took a comnii'rcial enurse at the Piyant A Stratton lUisiiicss 
 College in ('hi<-ago. Cpdii his graduation from tiie college, in ISC)-"), hi' went to Xewai'k, .New 
 .h'rsey, and taught one year in the Bryant, Stratton A Whitney IJu.siiU'ss College. lie was then 
 called to the Principalship <if the IJryant it Stratton College, in Trenton which had liccn cstalilishcd 
 in ISG."). Soon after .Mr. liidcr hccame connected witii the Trenton College, P>rvant it Stratton's 
 interest was jiurchased hy Heeeher A iJidci'. They were the ]jrojirietors until Mr. Peecher retired. 
 Mr. \\ . l'>. .\llen next hecaine assoeiateil with Mi', liidcr, under the firm name of Pider A .Mien. 
 In 1 ><7-'i, Mr. liidcr temporarilv left tln' school and mo\'cd to Camden countv, where he ent;'ai;'ed in 
 agricultural i)ursuits, chielly cranln'i'i-y-grow ing. While living there, he was elccteil to ihr Xiw 
 Jersey Legislature, and was the leader of the House in the ])assage of the liill to ri'dnce the Icg.'il 
 rate of interest from seven jier cent, to six percent. .Mr. Rider remained in Cnniden countv until 
 1S7S, when he returned to Trenton and assnmeil full control of tlii' Trenton Husiness College, and 
 has ever since remained its Priuciiial. 
 
 As a recreation from his school duties. .Mr. liiiler has hecn very successful in the cultivation of 
 the cranherry. He is now oni' of the largest o])erators in the comitry and prohaMy represents more 
 capital in the husiness than any other grower in New .Tersey. Tie has hecn Scci'i'lary of the Anu>ri- 
 can Craniierry (irowers' .Association for over twenty years, and was receiuly selected hy a syndicate 
 of hog-owners to introduce cranherries into (ireat Pritain, where they were ahuost wdiolly uid^nown, 
 lie went aliroad last winter and succeeded in accouqilishing his mission in the face of obstacles 
 winch w<iuld liave <liscourageil and clefeated a less eomjictent man. He is a mendierof the Trenton 
 Board of Trade, and was its Pri'sident for three consccutivi' terms, an honor «luch has fallen to no 
 other man. I )ming his I'residency were inaugurated ami carried out the movenuaits whi<'h have 
 given to Trenton Cadwalader Park and the sewerage system. Professor Rider is a Tliirty-scconil 
 Degree Ma.son. 
 
 In IS.S:;, Professor Thomas J. Stewart and William P. Ilaunnond opened the Stewart iV Ham- 
 mond Business ('ollege. After a few years Mr. Hannnond ntii-cd. The college has for many years 
 ]>;ist be<'n in successful operation at Xo. 10 .'-South Broad street. The rc]iutation which this school 
 enjoys gives it an enviable position among like institutions throughout the country. Its graduates 
 occupy pronnnent places in every part of the country. 
 
Andkkw J. Uim:it. 
 
fllAHl.IOS M. Ahkaiiamson. 
 
TIIK CITY OF TRKXTOX. 10? 
 
 Cliarlt'S ]M;i,anus AKralianisuu ncciitly rmiic \n tliis city fi-.iin (■.iiimI.ii. \i\v .I,tscv. ami has 
 cstalilisluMl a Imsiiicss oillcuc on tlic ruiucr of Front and F)i-oail ,-liiTts. 'I'ln' rvcniirj class stai'lcd 
 Scptcnilirr .",(1, 1S'.)4, and tlir day sda. ol .laiiuary 7tli. IS'.i.'). Tlic colli-v is Im-atcd on tin' wcll- 
 li'ihlcd tliii'd lloor of tlir l!ili-ain IliiildinL:, ami iii] inoiT d(--iralilc |jositioii could \h- secured in the 
 cily of Trenlon. Tlie ai)|ioiiitin(ails are of the Kest, Inil ari' I wo hankin-' ili'|iartnients — national 
 as well as tiaist company — soniclhiniiof which no other i-.illi-c can hoa~t. I'.e-idc- this all of the 
 modern laii-na;:es are tan-ht. It can readily lie seen that these new de|iarluivs will place the 
 college ill a position to cdui-atc its patrons in any Hik.' of Imsini'ss they nia\- di'siiv to follow. Com- 
 petent in>truetors are eULiaued and the 'rivntiMiians who will imparl iii-hiietiou are: ivx-.l nd<;e 
 
 Hlichanan, Lecturer on C len-ial Law; Itev. Maurice I'eiilield l^kes. Dean and Lectuicr on 
 
 lUlsiness I']thics ; Mr. AHVcd Lohertshaw. l!ookd<eepei- and Seci-etai\- ; .Miss W'h.irlon, assi-tant 
 teacher in the art of shorthand \vriliim. The remaining iuslrnc|oi-s are suci-cssful teichcrs 'if wide 
 expiM-ience, whilst Professor Aliraliani<on .le\iites his whole lime and alleiilion lo the school. This 
 institution, the newest claimant for popular i-eco;inition, has .an cxci'llciil cuiriculum. and is installed 
 in connuodious apartnieiits. In isso I'rofessor .\hr.aliamson e-lahlished a Inwiiiess eollciic in 
 Camden. This was the lii'st coHi'^c .^Larti'd there, and it met with pri -emineiil success. 
 
 
CHAFFER XVIII. 
 
 TltKXTON'S F11!K DKl'A 111 .M KNT. 
 
 TlIK X'llT.rNTKKK ('( IMPANIKS— TlIKI K XaMICS AM) THK Sk1!VI(E.S TvKNDEIiKI) TltK ClTV IVMM.V 
 
 1-'ii;kmi:n — Thf. ()i!(ia.\izi:i) X'om'xteku Depaht.mknt FitnM 184() to 189:^ — 'rni-: I'aid l)]:i'\iir- 
 
 MKNT It?: ()|;i;ANI/.ATI(1.\ AM) I'kESKNT ( 'i iM UIH iN. 
 
 /-V X 'I'm-", iiru:iniz;iti(ili nl' her Incal lire ili'|iartiiiclit 'i'li-ntnii ciiiMV- the ilistiiirtidli i<{ 
 ti'n<iiiix the cDiitiiiuous liistorv i>f the oldest liro (■(iiii|i;iiiy in the Initril States. The 
 early iiietlimls of extinmiishinif fires were of a ]iriuiitive character. 'I'd the last ccii- 
 turv heliings the insiL'niHcant and feehle hand engine, the hncket ln^igaile. and the 
 ■••' *'-c' '!& WDveu liDse freezinu' in tlie shallciw wells. J!nt there were as hr.-ive men then as now ; 
 KSlSt^7''J^ '"''11 as ])roni|)t to respond to the call of duty. This is shown hy.JuhnO. liauin. 
 ^ whose liistory of Trenton's fire department is nmst cimiplete. 'I'he first rei-urd we 
 -A^^^ jiave of an organizeil fire department in Trenton is to he found in a nu'etint: of the 
 citizens on the evening of l'"elirnarv 7th, 1747. I'pon tliis occasion Ohadiah Howell, 
 (leorge Ely. John Hunt, William Plaskett and Thomas Tindall assemhled in a 
 lilacksmith shop, on tlu" corner of Ilroad and Front streets, for the jiui'posi' of forming a fire 
 company. ()l)adiah TTowell was a])iiointed a connuittec to procin'c huckels, baskets, fh-i' hooks and 
 ladders, wiiilst to (ieorge I'^dy and William Plaskt'tt was assigned the task of drafting a constitution. 
 After some coivsideration the name " I'niou "' was adopted and a more jierfect organization elTccteil. 
 The regular meetings were annual, and a special meeting was held on the .Monday night ne.xt after 
 a fire. The oldest complete constitution of the company in their po.sscssion was adoj)ted February 
 l-'Uh, 17'-'2, and connuenees as follows : 
 
 ",\rtie]e8 of the Union I'ire Company of Trenton, instituted the Sth day of May, 1747 ; veviseil 
 and corrected tlie otli day of .May, 17>'-"> ; revised ancl amended tlie loth day of Fehruai-y, 17'-ll.'.'" 
 
 The original constitution was signed by the following nuanbers : Hezekiah Howell. Com'ail 
 Kotts, Charles Axford, Henjannn Smith, .Iose[ih Milnor, .b)hn Singer, .\braliam Hunt, Isaac 
 Hariies, (ieorgo Ely, James lowing, ^loore Furman, Samuel I. cake, Samuel W. .Stockton, Maskell 
 lowing, James F. Armstrong, Samuel Taylor. Joseph lii'umlry. William Tindall, Kobert 1,. Hooper, 
 Pontius I). Stelle, John I'otts and James .M. ,McKinley. 
 
 The coni]iany, in 1772, had ]iurchased a small Cibbs engine, and in 17"<i'>. they obtained a large 
 one. In 17'-n, a horse was em])loyed to ilraw the large engine. In 17>''-'. the engines were stored 
 in small houses in the city, and in 17!)8 one finds the com|)any comi)osed of thirty-two active 
 niem1)ers. The annual exi)enses at this time were about fom- htuidred dollars, exclusive of the 
 cost of lire liuckets and extraordinary expenses. The company had two engines, one stationed in 
 Trenton and one on Mill Hill, I'.lleft Tucker was captain of the large engine, and -lohn Sutterly of 
 tlie small one. 
 
 In ISi:', the company added six fire ladders and seven lire hooks to thc-ir ap|iaratus. In 1S23, 
 the company's house was erected on State street, near the (lovernment House, and in 1S2 4, the 
 " rnion " was incorporated by act of the Legislature. The incorporators were Isaac Barnes, John 
 It. Tucker, James Hilhnan and John 1). C.reen. 
 
 In l>i.">2, they ])urc]iaseil their double-deeker, and on October 3d, 1848, they had it rebuilt. 
 It was sold in March, IS.j.'i. In 18:](), they reinovcd their house from the government lot to 
 Aeailemy street, near the old buttoiiwood tree. 
 
TTTE CITY OF tItlCXTOX. 
 
 1 no 
 
 A Firn-. Dki'autmknt r)F \f. Oi.iikn Timi-:. 
 
 In March, LS.jG, tlie coiiiiluiv iMiirhasrd :i linUnii liaml I'lmiiic, jiiano stvli\ wliicli thcv sdld 
 
 in 1SH4. 
 
 At S(inK' ]H'i'i(i(l ;iftiT tile iii-L;;nii/,.'itiiin of the I'nidii ('■ iiii|i:iii\', a (■(iiii| i:in\- kiKiwii as tlic 
 
 " Rc'storatiim" canic iiitu existence. Little (U- nutliiiiu is i<iM>\\n tlierecif, e\ci'|il Ihev sun-emlei'eil 
 
 tlicir engine to tlie I [and-in-IIaml ('.iin|iaii y in 17>;'-l. 
 (hi the si'i-iiml of Aprih 
 
 '[(('I, the Iland-in-I laml l''ii'i' ^ ^^^r^^^~'^^~^^^^^^^^^BSn^BB9H^^^^BBlP!ilM'^V'»'v-' 
 
 Cciinpauy was (i|'L::iiii/,e(l at the 
 
 hiiiisi' (if IJensselaer \\"iniain>. 
 
 The oriiiinal niiinliei's were 
 
 Josejih Toy, David ('..well, 
 
 UAK. lieiisselaer William-. 
 
 Isa.ae l'<'arsiiii IuhIiii.ui. .\rehi- 
 
 liald \\"illiani ^'ard, .In,-,],!, 
 
 Clunn. Iviehai'd r>(ii'deii ami 
 
 Samuel liellerjeau. 
 
 As an index uf the nnth- 
 
 ods then eniplnyeil. the fol- 
 
 lowinii' eitatiiiiis wire mad, 
 
 from the ennstitutidn h\' .iuhu 
 
 0. Kauni : It prii\ided in 
 
 the first ai'tiele, "that ea.di 
 
 member, within the spaie of 
 
 three months from the date of the ad(i|ifioii of Ihi' same, should |ii-ovide himself. ,at Ids own 
 
 ]>roj)er cost and <diari:c, two leatlua- liu(d<:ets, one liaLT. aud one imn a uieid liaski'l ; the liaLT 1" 
 
 he made of stronn' osnalierns or ^\'ider linen, to contain at least llii-ce yai'ds, willi ,a lauunni; striuu- at 
 
 the mouth ; which buckets, bai;. and ba-ket shall he marked with 
 the name of tlu' ])erson fo whom lhc\' IicIoul;; anil com|ian\\ and 
 shall be huuix Up near tin- fi-mit dooi-, .as eonveiiiently as may be. 
 for vic\v, in each unaiibei-'s house, to be I'eady .at hand, and to be 
 ai)|ilied to no other use tli.au foi- |irescrvin;i: mu' own and our I'd In w- 
 townsinen's houses, n'oods, and elfccts fi'om lire; that each new 
 ineinbei' who shall be hereafter aijuiitted shall provide themselves 
 in like manner, within thi'ee months after his admission." .Vud 
 in case they were not pnAidcd. or, after beini;- |il-oviileil. were not 
 kept in ii|-ilci-, a line of two shilling's was imposed for each bucket 
 so nc.ulected, and for liai; or basket, one shillinji each, unless they 
 were lost oi' rcnderi'd useless by a. lire, in which ease the loss was 
 to be made up as SOOU as possible by the 'L'l'casurer, out of the 
 eomjiany's stocks. 
 
 On the lirst notice of lire, '" they were innnediately to repair 
 to the place, with their buckets, hati, and basket, and there employ 
 Ihcir best endca\ors to cxtini;uish the saini' ; and if any house or 
 houses, L'ooils, and elfccts bclouirimc In any member of the company 
 were likelv to be consumed, two of them wei-c immediately to 
 HvnBAXT K,.R THK Bovs Ti. CoMK. rcpan'tothe doorot cach such house or In-c, thiav to stand and 
 
 deliver such ;;ooi|s as inav be saved into the hands of such persiins 
 
 as tliey shall think proper to intiaist them with, to be caia-ied to some ])lace api>ointeil by their 
 
 owner," where one or more were to attend them until they could be eouveincntly restored to or 
 
 secured for tlic owner ; and the othci- menibi'rs slmuld, if there lie occasion, iliviilc themselves as 
 
 near as may 1)C to be cipially helpful and that they were to lie ready and willini: to help ami assist 
 
 all otliers. And in ease of default in doinfi this duty, they were to forfeit and pay live shillinfis, 
 
 unless they could give a sulHeieiit reason to the company at its next mcetint;. 
 
 Upon an alann of (ire, in the ni},dit, every nn'ndier was to cause two or more liglits to be set in 
 
 liis windows ; and such of the eom]iany whose houses might be in danger were rciiuircd to place 
 
no 
 
 tJIE CITY OF TllENTO-K. 
 
 An' <h,i>-Fasiih>sku Fikk h:N<i[NK. 
 
 cainllcs in cvcrv room to prevent confusion. Tlie coiniiiinv was set on foot l>y tlie " Fisliing Island 
 
 Liitterv." Tlio (ire conii)any suspcmled its nicctinL'.s durini.' the early years of the Revolution. 
 
 In \7X'2. tlie Clerk was authorized to liire out the ladders of the eonipany at the rate of one 
 
 .shillinj: per day. 
 
 In 17S-J, Mr. Isaac I)e C'ou presented the eoin]iany witii a new ladder, for which he received a 
 
 vote of thaid<s, an<l the ladder was ordered to he hunu up at tiic house of Mr. Ciiandiers, wliere 
 
 M'illiani l\ee(ler then re.si(K>d. The Clerk was also ordered to notify the niendiers of the eoiu]iany 
 
 to irivc their assistance in reniovinj; the cnirine-lumse from the })lace where it tlien stood to the lot 
 
 of Ahraliam Hunt. In those days it was customary to locate an enuine-iiousc on any vacant lot. 
 
 and for it to reujain tiieri' imtil tlie owner desired possession of the j)roperty. 
 
 In January, LSIO, tlu' suliject of huiJdiui;' one 
 or more cisterns, or ercetiui.' pumps for tlie |iur- 
 jiose of sccuriug a more sullirieiit supply of water 
 in time of lire, was agitated. 
 
 In .lanuar\'. ISll. the conipaiiv tliinkiiiL;' it 
 neeessary for a more sjjcedy and general alarm in 
 case of tire, (Jarrct 1). Wall, Jacol) Hester and 
 Thomas Ryall were appointed a committee to cause 
 the iVcademy, Presbyterian Cluu'eh and State 
 House hells to he rung immediately upon an alarm 
 of Hre ; this was also adopted hy the Resolution 
 Company, and a premium of 81 was offered to the 
 
 ])erson who sliouM first i-inu' either of the ahove hells, and oO cents to the person who should ring 
 
 tlio second or third hells. 
 
 The Hand-in-Iiand Coni]>any was incorporated in Decemher. IS-_'4. T'ntil Is:!'.). the meetings of 
 
 the com]iany had ln'cn held in the houses of iiieinhers, luit in this year all the con ipai lies in the city met 
 
 in a room in the City Hall. In IS.'S'.i, the hoys 
 
 were organized to manage the small engine which 
 
 was called the "Hihernia." The same year the 
 
 Iniou Com]>any organized the hovs in like manner 
 
 to take charge of their small engine, under the 
 
 name of I'nion, No. ■_'. 
 
 1 11 .lu lie. l.s.")l , they purchased a hose carriage, 
 
 which was run as the '■Neptune," the coni)iany 
 
 l>eing divided, one jiortion rumiiiig the engine the 
 
 other the cari-iagc, though hoth under the same 
 
 government. They continued these two organiza- 
 tions until 1S.")4, when the Xe]itune was merged 
 
 into the Hand-in-liand, and the taigiiic and car- 
 riage' were run as one company. 
 
 The Hand-in-IIand Fire Company may lie If 
 
 said to he the mother of four conqianies at present 
 
 in existence in otu' city. 
 
 First, they furnished the Tresidcnl of the 
 
 Eagle, (iideon H. M'ells, organized in .lune, IS'.M. 
 
 The same year, and ahout four moiitlis lati'r, tln'V 
 
 ftn-nished a President for the Delaware l*"ire('om- 
 
 jiany, in the jierson of Richard L. Ueatty. In 
 
 l>>3i), they organized the hoys into a company, who \oluntccreil to take charge of the small engine, 
 
 and he under the control and general sii])ervision of the Hand-in-Hand Company. 
 
 This was the original organization of the (!ood \\'\\\ Fire Company, and in l^o".), a numher of 
 
 the inemhers withdrew and formed the America Hose Company. 
 
 The engine-house stood on the (iovernincnt lot, after which it was removed into Academy street, 
 
 on the southw'est corner of the Aeademv lot. 
 
 STAllTINIi F<»lt .\ FlKK. 
 
THE CITY OF TRENTON. Ill 
 
 In June, IS.'id, it sti"ii| mi Isaac Ilciiliiius' Int. in tlic irar nf llii' Ainrrican Ildti'j. Al lliis 
 time the C(iiii]iany I'litncd inio a ((Uitiact with .l(isc[ili ('. I'nits I'm- the ii><- df tlir l>iiililiii,L' in Clian- 
 ccrv stirct, ill tlir rrav of tlir ('liaiiccry Imildinns. Tlicy ivinaincil lien- until tlic year IMil, at 
 wliirli time till' rity luiilt tin' Imusr ill W'illdw strrcf. The r(iin|ia]iy timk |](isscssicin Sc]itcinl]cr 
 llltli, ISCl, 
 
 A liaii'l ciiLiiui' liiiilt 1iy -lulni Aiincw. n\ i'liilaili'liiliia, \\a< suM al">ut tlic liist of -lunc, ISfiT. 
 
 Tlic l;cs(ilutiiiii I''ii'c (uiii|iany was oi'nani/.cil un tlic t'mirlli ilay uf T'cliniary, a. d. 1SI)-I, ami 
 inciiriiiiratcil mi the tw eiity-ninth clay o{ I)ccciiilici-. a. n. I^lM. Fruni what can he gatliercil IVdin 
 llie iiiiiuitcs wc cdiichiile that Zachariah I'ossell was called tn the chaii', and tlial he eontinued tu lie 
 rrcsidcnt nf the c(ini|iaiiy fm' nian\' \cars thereafter. 
 
 The niciiihershi)! was divi<led iutn eoiiuiiittees, iiaiiiely, the Tjadder f'mniiiittee, the Alann 
 Coniiiiittee ami the Hueket ('miiiuittee. Each eoiiuiiittee was renuired, under jieiialty of a line, lu 
 attend strictly tn the duties assii;iied it. 
 
 This emiiiiauy had mie very jieculiar rule, which was that of holdiiiir a ineetini;- mic week after 
 every fire. This was d<nie in order ti) .tiive the iiieiiil)ers wlm were ahseiit frmn fires an ii|i]iiirtiinit v 
 (if c.\|ilaininL; their ahsciiee. 
 
 (Ill ()ct(il>cr -Jd, 1S4S, the Resolutimi Fire ('(Hiijiany aureed to n'eo.iiiii/.e the ineinhers of the 
 (iood Will Fire ('mii]iany as associate and cmistituciit inenihers of this coni|iany. they eoiiseiiting 
 thereto, til eiijiiy all the |iri\ ilcLii's ami he sulijcct to all the duties nf this emii]iany. 
 
 ''Second, //csii/rcf/, That the united nicniln'is lie divided into three sections ; that the dntv of 
 No. 1 section, on the alarm of lii-i', he to take chaiLic of the Ilesoliition lire eiiirine ; Nn. '_' to take 
 ehariic of the (!ood \\ ill cni;ine ; No. ;> to take cliaiL;!' of Ihc huse carriaiics and a|i|iaratus." 
 
 As a matter of fact, the (iuud Will Fire Cmniiany was formally ori;ani/.cd on the twenty-fourth 
 of Jaiuiary, 1S4S, hut haviiii; liei'onic au.xiliary to the Resolution Fire ('mn|iaiiy. dates its orLranization 
 from Fcliriiary tth, l>!n4. I'i-c\ious to this m-L;aiii/atimi a iiunilna'of i;ciitlcnieii h.id funned llicin- 
 selves into a conqiany, calliiiL; tlu'inselves the (iood Will Cmnpany, and iiseil the old Inicket cnuiiie, 
 as it was eallcd. this liciiit;- the same engine that had fmnnrly hcenused hy the Resolution Company. 
 
 Charles Mmii-c jircsidcd at the iiici'tiuu held in the ('itv Hall on the tw cnty-fmnlli uf .l:iiiii:ir\'. 
 184S, and I'ctcr I!, (icary acted as Secretary. M this mcctin.i;- Charles .McM.rc, William 1 ). .McClain 
 and l}eii,iamiii K. .McClurii; were a|i|iointi'il a committee to draft a constitution and hydaws. 
 
 At a mcctiiiL; held (111 the fmirtli of k'cliruary, k^4's, a cmistitiuimi and hydaws were a(|ii|iled. 
 This meetiu.u' was held at the printing' otlicc of Ik V. ^'al•(l. The followin.ir persons siiriied the 
 constitution: Charles Moore. .h>hii .McMihior. William Ik McClain, lleiijamiu K. .McClurir, David 
 I'ullcn. I'ctcr Ik (learv, .lames F. Stai-in, (lcor<:c I'k Curslys, Richard Calli^, .lolm .M. Tunison, 
 Jacoh S. ^'ardaiid .\aron I)aiisliury. 
 
 In .Vuuust. ISoO. the com) laiiv purchased a m w cnLiinc. The lirst cniiinediouse occuiiicd hy the 
 Good Will Cmiipiuiy was situated mi Frmit street, iicai' Wilkiw. It was an old mie-slory house. 
 The next house occupied hy them was situalcil ciii Warren sti'cet, mi the north side of Coleman's 
 mill. This was also an nlil (iiic-stm-\- hmisc. w ith two planks for a llom' to run the ciiLdnc on. .\n 
 old stove was rnlled a'jainst llii' door foi- a lock. 
 
 In ISd'.l a]iplication was made to Coinicil hy the comiiany for a new house, and in the same 
 year one was hiiilt on Lafayette street, which at that time was considered a heautiful huildiiiL' for 
 an eiijrine com]iaii\'. It occupied this house until l^iil. 
 
 Before removing' thi'refroiii the company purchased a lot of land on Warren street, where it is 
 now located, from Samuel K. Wilsmi. which was afterward conveyed to the city in consideration 
 that the city wciuld put np a ikw house on said land. This the city a.irrecd to do, ami until it was 
 completed the com]ianv housed its apparatus in a luiildint,^ owned hy Casper Maitimi. on South 
 Hroad street. The (!ood Will ('om|iany was incorporated .lannary ;llst, k^ol. 
 
 The original or<;anizei-s of the Ivi-lc I'irc Compan\- met at the house of .lohn Hutchinson, on 
 Friday cveiiiii.<i;, the liftcenth of .lune, 1^21, and ailoptcd a constitution, which sets forth in its pn- 
 amhle the i'ollowin.L' : " We, the suh.scrihcrs. inhahitanls of Mill Hill ami its vicinity, for the urealer 
 .security of our own and oui' iieiLilihors' property from loss hy lire, do assoi'iati' and form ourselves 
 into a com]iany to lie known and styled the Ivi^le Fire Company of .Mill Hill." 
 
 At their lirst meetin.ii the followiinr otlicers were elected : (iideoii II. Wells, I'resideiit ; Lewis 
 Evans, Vice President; Thomas W. Morgan, Secretary; Jesse Redman, Treasurer; Roliert 
 
112 THE CITY OF TRENTON. 
 
 Cliaiiiliers, Iiis]ic(t<ir. Tlionias Deartli and Welling Xa])ton won- I'krtcd Enj;inecrs, and John 
 Mount, Jaculi JJainn, WoUa.ston Redman, Robert Chambers, James Hope and Fairfax Abell, 
 Assistants. 
 
 On the twentv-sixth of February, 1S?>0, the comjtany was ineorporated. The cajiital stock was 
 82,<)(M). whirh was afterwards, by a suiiplemeiit aii])roved Marrh 11th, 1.S04, increased to ?S,000. 
 The house of the eoni|ianv was a small, one-story buildinir, about sixteen by thirty feet, and 
 loeat('d on the lot wliere the Court House now stands, and in front of the soutlierly end of it, on 
 ]!road street. North of the enirine-house, and a<ljoinin,L' the same, tlu' hooks and ladilei-s were 
 located. In .Vuiiiist. lN.")(i, it was |ini\ ided tiiat the com])any shoidd meet in the lower story of the 
 Mill Hill school-house. At this period the c()nn)any's motto, " Kliieient .\i<l," was ailopted. 
 
 Mav Hd, IS-Ji), it was ordered that the members of the eomjiany eijuip themselves witli hat 
 and cape at a cost of Sli. •")(). Device, a sjiri^ad eaiile on hat, w ith the figures " IS-Jl " and the letter 
 " J-y on the l)ack. 
 
 The engine-house was removed from the .\cadcmy. and ,n small house erectc(l on .Market street, 
 near Jackson, which the i-ompany i-onlimicil to occupy until the city built the present house on 
 liroad street, in ISoN, which was dedicati'd .luly oth of that year. 
 
 In INoil a dilliculty ot-curred in the de]iartment in conseipience of the Hoard of Engineers 
 numln'ring the <litferent companies. 'I'hosc in Trenton ]iropcr were given tiie tir>t numbers, and 
 those in that district which had been annexed were mnnbereil last. This creati'd consideraiile dis- 
 satisfaction among the companies atl'eeted tlun'eby. The ICagle Com]iaiiy rebelled, on the ground 
 that its rights were interfei'cd w ith, and this was carried to such an extent that the Sheritf closed 
 n]i the house, levied on the property and soM the hose carriage ami other jiroperty at pul.ilic sale. 
 
 The Hclaware Fire Company was ])roliably organized ])rioi- to April .")th, 1S21, for npon that 
 date is found in an old mhiutc-book of the companv an actual list of the members. The eom|iany 
 was incorporated in January, IX>'>'.'>. 'l'\ic engine-house at that time was a small oiu'-story frame 
 buililing, situated on the southerly side of what is now Bridge street, near Warren. It was long 
 since ri'nio\cd to make wav for other improvi'iuents. 
 
 During the month of starch, ISoli, the company bought a new hand engine, made by Button, 
 of Waterford, Nt'W York, for !?1,100, and at tlie same time jiurchased another engini'-house, which 
 was lo(.'atcd on the north siilc of liridgc street, near Fair. In the fall of b^(>N the company left 
 their Iniilding in liridgc street and occujiieil the new engine-house built by the city, in Warren 
 street, just above Hridge. 
 
 A great number of lircs ocitiircd in Trenton in the winter of 1S.",S-.",'.). Although Trenton had 
 a sullicient number of lire engines thciH' was room for improvement in the methods of carrying hose. 
 To this I'lid. upon the 2")th of l<'cbruarv, l'^."!!*, a nuudier of gentlemen met at the house of John \'an 
 Fleet, on Warren street, and the following was adapted : 
 
 ''Whereas, the numerous cases of fire occurring in the city of Trenton renders it nei'essary, 
 and the undersigned, actuated !)y a sincere desire to assist their feilow-citizeus in the hour of 
 danger,'' resolveil to form themselves into a eom]ian\', Ti'ciiton IJosi'. No. 1. 
 
 On March .Sth, bs;;'.). the following olliccrs were elected: A. 1'. .\tkinson. President; George 
 Furmaii, \'ice I'resiilcMit ; Charles C. P>ellerjeau, Secretary; Samuel !•". Hart. Assistant Secretary; 
 (ieorge W. \'an Hart, Treasurer; Cliailes W. .lolinston. .lohn R. S. liarnes and Da\id S. .Vnderson, 
 Directors. 
 
 The organization being without a hose carri.-igc, a committee, consisting of licnjamin T. Howell. 
 David S. .\nders(jn, .\. 1'. .\tkinson, 1!. W. l'"urniaii and (ieoi-ge \\'. \'an Hart, was a]iiiointed to 
 wait upon the Resolution Fire Company, and reipicst the loan of tlii'ir hosi' t'arriage until one couhl 
 be iirocured ; this re(|Uest was cheerfully comjilicil with. With the ])roper ajiparatus and a fidl 
 complement of men, they were without a hose-house, and the members were eompellecl to hold their 
 meetings at private houses, hotels, auction-rooms, or wherever they could find a suitable room for 
 the purpose. In the coiu'se of a few months they purchased a new hose carriage, and secured a 
 house in Warren street, opposite the 'i'hird Presbyterian Cliuivh. This liousc atfordeil scarcely 
 room enough to acconunodate the members and hose carriage at the same time, but by using the 
 carriage as a presidential chair and for seats, it was consiilered sullicit'ntly large. 
 
 The Harmony Fire Company was organized May 9th, 184!). The first meeting was held at the 
 house of I)aniel T. Ijcllcrjcau, in Warren street, above the feeder bridge, for the purpose of fornnng 
 
THE CITY OF TRENTON. 
 
 113 
 
 a iivo coniiiany in tlic iinrtlicni pari nf tlir city. Ivhvard II. Ilrown was rhdHoii Cliairiimn. and 
 Cliai-lcs I!. Faussctt. Sci-rrtary. It \\a-- rcMihcil •• tliat tliis iiici-tiiii;- liclicvr it tu lie rssriitial to tlir 
 citizens (if till' unrtlirni part nf tlic city In lia\-c a tii'i' ciiLiiiir. as all llic caiLiiiics arc situated in the 
 lower ])art uf the city." A ci mini it tie was a |i| minted tu snlicit the aid ol' the citizens fur the |)Ui'iiiise 
 of purehasini: an eimine and house. ( )n ihe second of Manh, 1 s.'i."), the coni|j;ni\' hecaine incor- 
 porated. .\t the nieetin- of .luly -JUth. IS'iT, they adopti'd as tlnir uiotio ■■ We Strive to Save."' 
 
 The ilarniouy ('oni|iany conmieuced erecting; its lirst huildiuL; at the forks of Warren and 
 iiroad. This was soon ahandoneil. :niil the coiii|iauv llnalh' lieeaine located on I'linceton avianie. 
 
 In 1850, the Protection Hook ami Laddei- 
 Company was organized and livi'd ahont lixc 
 years. It was laru'ely composed of (lernian 
 citizt'lis who wei'c mem hers of the licpnhlican 
 IliHe.s. Their ]ii-o]ierly later came into the 
 po.ssession of thedood Will ('onipan\'. 
 
 The Ameriea Hose ('ompan\' wasoi-gaii- 
 izeil -Tanuary I'.lth, IS.j'.l, hy nicmhcrs from 
 the Ilaml-in-l land Fii'e Company, and was 
 ine(.irporated j-'chruai-y lllli. IMiO. The cily 
 erected for the company a frame liou>e in 
 .MoutLiiimcrv street, near I'errw The house 
 later occUJiied liv the comp.iiiw in I'eliv 
 stri'ct. east of the canal, wa> huilt hy tin- 
 city in ISTO. 
 
 On Septeniher '22(1, 1S7.">, in honor of 
 ex-Chief William ( )ssenheri;-, a hose com- 
 pany was organized which adopteil his name. 
 After heing furnished with a h.aud carriage 
 it soon adopteil a horse carriage and liecame 
 thoroughly well eijui]i]ied. 
 
 In lS7-">. the \\"ashington Hook and 
 Ladder ComjiauN' was added to the list of 
 Trenton companies. At this time the Treii- 
 ti m Hose Com]iany ]ires('nteil the new i iigani- 
 /.atimi witli hooks, ladders and truck. 
 
 The Mutual l'"ii'e Company of ( 'him i hers - 
 burg eanie into e.\istence in I's7<i a~ the 
 town's needs demanded such a form of pio- 
 to(-tion. The engini-liiiuse was located at 
 the coi-ncr of Clinton and Annie streets. 
 
 where there was a thorough eipiipment. The lii'st ollicers were Isaac Kouuer, I'resident ; James 
 Wallace, Secretary ; William Donnelly, 'I'reasurcr ; David Haas. Chief, and the company consisted 
 of aliout thirty-five active uiendiers. 
 
 Cntil the yi'ar 1S4(>, Trenton had no regularly-organized lire departmcni. I'rior to this time 
 each compaiiv acted independentl v, and local jealousies were rife. To |iroinote unitormity of 
 action, an ordinance was jiassed upon the fifth day of May. IS Id. which provided that the dejiart- 
 nient .should consist of a Chief Engineer, two .\ssistants. eiglit Fire Wardens and such liremen and 
 hosemcn as were then or should thereafter hecome attached to the several lire engine and hose 
 eoin]ianies of this city. 
 
 The memhers of the several companies were to meet in .May of each year, at the City Hall, tor 
 the election of a Chief Engineer and two .\ssistants. This ordinance not heing satisfactory, on the 
 ninth of Octohcr, 1.S54, Council passed a new ordinance, which providi'd for a Chief Engineer and 
 as many Assistants as there were companies. The Chief I'^nginecr was to have ahsolute control and 
 command over all the engines and persons eoinieetcd with the depaitmeiil, and in his ahsence the 
 Assistants were to act hy seniority. This ordinance, for a while, was satisfactory. 
 
 Wll.l.lAM MtlJlJ.l.. ClIIKK ICxiilNKKR. 
 
114 
 
 THE CITY OF TRENTON. 
 
 Tliriiiiijli wlial was (•onsidcrcd Ky scmic of tlic ciiniiianics unwarrantiMl artinn on the ]jart of the 
 IJoard of Engiiurrs in 18")!l, in iTgard to tlic coniiianii-s located in the soiitlicni part of the town, 
 the ordinance hocanu' a dead letter. 
 
 I |>on the .«iiirfrestion of the various conijianies. in ISliO, Council passed an ordinan<-e similar 
 to the one of l.S.")4, e.\ee]'t that one of the Assistant iMiLiineers was to l>e located on the north side 
 and one npoii the south side of the creek. On May 7th. 1S72, the apiiointnient of Chief and 
 Assistant Kn_u:inecrs was taken from rc])rest'ntativcs of the coniiianies, wiiere it had, for years, 
 lieen Iodised, and was vested in Common Couneil. 
 
 In these earlier times, it is noti-worthy that philanthi-oiiic movements were on foot amonf: the 
 firemi'n. 
 
 On the twelftii of Novemher, IS.")."), a 
 meetinif of the IJoard of Knirineers and the 
 Presidents of the diiferent tire and liose eoni- 
 ]ianies was held at the Cnion enL;iiii'-liouse, 
 for the [lui'iiose of orpuiizin^ an association 
 under an act of the Lesiislatm'e entitled ''.\n 
 act to incor|ioratc henevolent ami ehai'itaMe 
 associations." apiiroved .March !lth, IS.")-'!, for 
 the relief of the memhers of the fire dejiart- 
 iiiciit iii-;^;ini/ed Under the ordinance of tlie 
 cilv, who may liecomc sick or disahlcd in 
 llic diseharj:e of their duty as lii-emen, ancl 
 to |ini\idc for tlic diii-nl Imrial of such , -is 
 mav die without leaving; >uHicient means for 
 that |iuriiosc. 
 
 The name adopted was "The Fire Asso- 
 ciation [ill- the lielief of l)i.-ahled firemen of 
 the City of 'ri'entiin," tn whiili ■' X'olunteer " 
 was, in 1^7^. added lufoi-e iIk wnnl '■ fire."' 
 The (illii-el's elected were .\. S. I.ivinirs- 
 
 ton, I'roidcnt : .lonathan S. l-"i;-li. \'icc Fresi- 
 ilcut : Charles Moore. Secretary ; .lo^cph (I. 
 r.rcarlcy. Treasurer. 
 
 I'ndcr the charter of 1^71. and for ten 
 \-cars iheriaftcr. Ihcur^uth of thi' volunteer 
 de])artment was very satisfactoi'y. ChanLTi's 
 were, from to time, niadt' in the details of 
 mauaLieiucnt ; a hclter class of eni;ines re- 
 placed the old ones ; tln' electric system, with 
 lii'e hoxes at various ])oints of the city, was 
 ]irojeeted. and the old-time feuds auiont;' the 
 eompanies, which ])layed as i)rominent a j)art as friendship, grew less intense. The indiviilual 
 heeame lost in the system; the rivalries for " first water, " racing and attendant evils slowly dis- 
 ap}ieare(l, and the way for a paid department was slowly hut surely heing ])avcd. No marked 
 changes occurnMl until upon the sixteenth of Ot-toher, fSSS, when the tire ordinance was revised. 
 It provided for a Chief Engineer, two .\ssistants, a Fire ^\■arden in each ward, nine steam fire t'ngine 
 eomjianies, two hose eoiui)anies, two hook auil ladder com|)anies. To each fire engine comjiany could 
 lie attached not more than seventy-tive memliers, to each hose company forty memhers and to each 
 hook and ladder company fifty mend)ers. The Seen'tary of eaeh company, in A])ril of each year, 
 Avas re(iuired to tile witli the City Clerk a list of nu'nihers of eaeh company. A hiennial convention, 
 in Ajiril, was to he held in tlie City ITall to elect a Chief l'>ngineer and two Assi.xtants, one of which 
 must he a memher of a eomjiany north of the Assanjiink creek and tlie other south thereof. The 
 ollieial title of the Chief and his Assistants was "The Board of Engineers of the Fire Dci.artment." 
 
 I'JI.MU.Il-S S .Vt.l.KN, KlUsT .-VS-^ilST-VNT E.Ni.INKl I 
 
Thk c'ltv OF 'iM:kxt()>;. 
 
 115 
 
 Till' ( 'liict' iMiLiinci'i' liail |ivactii"il ccuiti'dl cif tlic ciiLiini's. (■iiL;iiic-liiniscs ami apparatus. 'I'lic ilutics 
 (if tile Assistant iMijiiiK'crs and Fire W'anlciis were also drlincd, as wall as those of the lircnicn. 
 ('oiiniil a]ipni]iviat('il $1.S()() to cadi ruiiine company, §1, ()()() to cacli hook and ladder company 
 and S'.KK) to each hose companv, with one 
 hundred feet of new hose per ainiulu to 
 each engine and hose companv. 
 
 On the fourteenth of May, ISS'.), the 
 Hoard of Fire Commissioners was form- 
 ally orsaniziMl, from which plan of pro- 
 ccdm'c the pl-csellt paid lire dcpaitnient 
 was I'Vohi'il. From the ninth to the 
 (levcuth of AuLillst. IS'.IO, the volnnteei- sci-- 
 vice was temporarily dishanded. owiiiL; to 
 dissatisfaction nmoni; eialain of the com- 
 panies ((inccrninif the anmnnt of nionex- 
 paiil fur maintenance. .\ paiil ilepartmciit 
 tiileil over the ilillicully. and the companies 
 I'esnmcd duly nii the assui'anccs that a 
 permanent paid department slionlil not he 
 organized hefori' .lune. IS'.il. I'.y IS'.il. the 
 tire alarm te]et;raph servici-. aftia- mori' than 
 ten Years of development, was lifouuht to a 
 marked dejiree of jicrfection. Foui' eiicuits 
 wia'c then estahlished. 
 
 An attempt was made to otahlish a 
 paid department in Trenton under the act 
 of ISSi), hut as that statute was unconstitu- 
 tional, the matter rcmaiiieil in ahevance. 
 
 However, upon tlu' fourth of .\pril. 
 l.S'.)2, the Volunteer Fire Dcpailnient of the 
 city of Trenton hecame a cri'ation of the 
 ])ast and the new |iaid department went 
 into operation. Since its uruanization, tin- 
 paid ilcpai'tmcnt has liecume tlmroULihlv 
 
 e(pii[iped. The engines and apparatus, the horses, the liouses and tlie typo of men selected 
 foi' ardu(]iis duties, though various factors in the prohlem, are all of high standards. Trenton 
 
 was proud —\cry proud — of hei- volunteer 
 
 ilepaitiiK lit, and foi' tin- city, the paid 
 
 dcpai-tmcnt is only adding new laurels 
 
 to past achie\cm(aits. 
 
 The present organization of the lire 
 
 depaitment is .(. Henry Klein. Presi- 
 dent ; l.ouis nielli, -Ir,. I'hilip l'"reiidcn- 
 
 niacher and ileni\ ( '. Kafer, Commis- 
 
 sioiici-s, and .1. \\'allai-e llolT, Secretary. 
 
 The hcadipiarters are on i'erry, hi'twecli 
 
 llroad and Warren streets, in the old 
 
 Inion (aigine-house. The Chief i'ai- 
 
 giiu'or is William .McCill; I'^irst .\ssist- 
 
 ant Engineer, Charles S. .\llen ; Second 
 I ., , M , I ,,. N,.,-., Assistant liingiiU'er, .James W. Bennett; cnws n ,. i . i-i ns.s,.,..^. 
 
 Superintendent Fire Alarm Telegraiih, 
 Charles C. l)rake; ^resscnger, Charles S. I-ong, with these engine companies: \o. 1 ((Jood 
 Willi. Captain .raincs Xugent ; No. 2 (Jvigle), Captain Harry I'ennington ; No. o (Mutual), 
 Captain Harry ihaker ; No. 1 (laherty). Captain .\lhert Scliuchardt ; No. ") (Harmony), 
 
 .Tamks W. Bf-:xnktt, SKcnvn Assistant E-ViiNKi-.n. 
 
IIG 
 
 TIIK CITY OF TRENTON*. 
 
 Captain WaUn- T.anninft ; No. G (America Hose), Cai)tain Robert A. Ford ; Truck Cdinpany 
 No. 1 (Washinjrton), Captain Charles A. Knol^lauch ; Truck Company No. 2 (Lincoln), 
 Cajitain Ridianl .'^. Fearnlcy. 
 
 
 ■ ^i; 
 
 The ex-volunteer (lei)artment niain- 
 tiiins an existence, as follows: I iiioii. 
 No. 1 (1747), rresiileiit, WilliMin 11. 
 Skinii ; TR'ntoii IIo.se, No. 1 (IN.'Jsi, 
 I'rcsiilenl, ( '. Harry Raker; iland-iii- 
 lliiiiil. No. •-' (1772). I'lvsiilent, William 
 iiaiirock : .\merica. No. 2 ( IS.')'.)), Presi- 
 dent, Al)rani Cluunherlain ; Kagle, No. ."! 
 
 CaI-IaIN llAIiH\ BltAKKK. 
 
 C.\I*TAJ.N Ai.i;ki;i 
 
 (IS21), Presi<lent, liolicrt S. W IrnlV ; 
 
 Cood Will, No. ;; I 1S()4 1. President, 
 
 i':iti-ick 'I', liurns ; l>chi\\;ire. No. I 
 
 ( 1S21 ), President, .lolm I',. Wiii-ncr : 
 
 Ilarmonv, No. I (JSI'.M. I'lisidrnt, .lolni 
 
 Tavloi- ; Liherty, {'resident, iionis .1. 
 
 l)icld ; ( )ssenl>erf;' Hose, {'resident, Tiouis 
 
 Cooper; WMslnnj;;ton Hook an({ l,adder, 
 No. 1 (1X7.'1). {'resident, ."-ielcion Steward: Mutual, {'resident, .\ndrew ('. Pi-ady : {.ineoin Hook 
 and kai{i{er. No. 2. {'icsident, { ». '{". Wilteid)orn. with a N'olunteer Itelief .\ssociation and an 
 Exempt {"iremen's Association. Tliere are sixty-tiiree lire a{arin telegraph stations in '{'reiiton. 
 
 CaI'Tain CnAKLl-a A. KX(tBl.Ar( IT. 
 
 CAI'IXIN Itll HAI{I> s, Fi: \HNI.F-\ . 
 
CHAPTER XIX. 
 
 TRENTON'S M()Xr>[ENTS. 
 
 The Shaft C<)MMEM(ii!ATi.N(i 'rnE Rattle of Tkextox — The History <iv tiii; lunicriov m- the 
 Shaft FKo>r lS4o to 1.S9;> — The Coknek-Stoxe TjAYINo and l>i:iii( aikix — 'I'm; .Mi:mi:ki;s of 
 THE Rattle ^Iontment Assoc iaiiox — The Swami' Axoel — The Sronv he Tino Olh (Irx — 
 McClellax's Moxumext — The Washlxotox Moxfmext at Caow al auki,' I'mik — \'<ii.rNTEEi{ 
 Firemen's Moxumext. 
 
 TIE T>ri'()RTA\('E of fonnucnioratinu' tlic Imltlf nl' Tiviiton liy means of m suitaMc 
 inouHinciit early i-oimricndiMl itself to the eili/.ens of New -lersew l'|Kin IniK'- 
 Jieiidelice |)ay, ISt.'I, tile ilistinuuislieil I'liiled States Seliatol- IVoiii New .lei-scy, 
 (iai'l'el 1). Wall, wrote to the Soeiety u\ the ( 'ilieilinati, urLiilii; Ihein to ereet "a 
 inonuineiil to eoiniiienini-ate the vietoi'v gained hy the l!e\'ohitioiiar\' ariiiv under 
 the eonnnand of ( leneral 
 \\'asliin;^'ton, at Trenton, 
 on DociMnher I'Cith, ITTfi." 
 (lenoral A\'all was made 
 chairman of a ('ineinnati 
 
 eommittee, and he called the committee te- 
 
 getlicr at Siiowden's Hotel. Ti-enton, on tlie 
 
 sixteenth day of .January, isil. In tln' 
 
 meantime a eonmiittee of tin' citizens of Ticn- 
 
 ton, consisting of Henry W. (ireen, Stacy <l. 
 
 Potts and Samuel R. (iummere, called a pulp- 
 lie meetinf;; of the people of New .Icrsey to he 
 
 licM at the State House, at Ti'enton, on Sep- 
 
 temlier (ith, 1843, to take this suhject into 
 
 eonsideration. As the result of these mectinus 
 
 a charter was ohtaineil for ''The Trenton 
 
 Rattle Monument Association," March >>tii, 
 
 1.S44. The gentlenuai mentioned in the act 
 
 of ineorjioration were the most |ii-iinMnenl in 
 
 the State. As.sociate(l witii (ieneral Wall were 
 
 ex-(!overnors Dickerson, Williamson, N'i-odhi 
 
 and PenniuL'ton, Chief .lustice I loiiihl.iw el- 
 and his successor, lion. Henry W. (oieii, 
 
 CoTiimodore Stockton and .lndg<' Stacy (i. 
 
 Potts. Very little a|ipiars to liav<' hecn 
 
 aceomplislied in this matter exce]>t through 
 
 JUR lip! i 
 
 BLA^,lt-l) 
 llAT UNvl^r^f^^' 
 AT TRtt 
 
 OlFKIAL .Mi:iiAL 
 
 OF rill': 
 
 Tkextox 
 
 I'.A riii: Ml 'M>n;xT 
 
 Associ.vnox. 
 
 the ])ersonal efforts and unwearied ]ien of Charles Chauney Haven, l''si|.. of Trenton, who. in the 
 winter of l.S58-5fl, sneeeeded ill intcr<>sling a large numlier of prominent cili/.ens of the Slate in this 
 j)atriotie oliject. On March Mh, IS.V.I, the Legislatm'e of .New .Icrsey passeil a supplement to the 
 
lis 
 
 THE CITY OF TUKN'IOX. 
 
 Itr.IlKF Pin>K.NTKU lU I 11 h O .,M M. .\ H l-..\ i-ll I .Pi 1 'l .N N.- V 1. \ A M A. 
 
 ni-ijiiii;il cliarlcr of tlic atisociatiiin, whicli sui)i)lciuont clianged the lunm- in tin- •Xcw Juiscy 
 Mdiiumciit Associatidii," and added as luw r(ir|Miratiiis to tlu' art two jrentleiiien from each of 
 tlie several counties of tile Stale, witii the exceiitiuii of MiTcer county, and from that county 
 thirteen additional men were added to the association. .Vctiiif,' uniler this statute, t'ommodore 
 Stockton was cleete<l President, Mr. Haven N'ice I'resid<'nt and (lencral .\,i!'ent, Thomas S. ,\llison 
 Secretary and Thomas .T. Sti'vkcr Treasurer. ,\monL;' the memhers of the a.ssociation may he 
 mentioncil William L. Dayton. I'hilcmon l)ickinson, I'etcr 1). N'room and Thomas .J. Strykei', 
 
 whose sons have taken up 
 the Work of their fathers 
 and have pushed it on 
 to success. Durinj,' the 
 >piiiiL:' ami summer of 
 1 s.'i'.l. s u h s e r i p t i o 11 s 
 amountiiii;' to mure than 
 .■^11.0(10 were oht.-lined 
 
 fiiim the citizens of .New 
 .hrsev. and ahout S7">l) 
 of this amount was col- 
 lected. On .July llh, 
 I>^'i'.l. a mectiiiL;' tnnk 
 place at the hotel of Dr. 
 .JMline. ill Trenton, for 
 the |iiirpo<e uf takiuii 
 measures to interest the 
 people iif the Stale. .\ll 
 address was |irinled and 
 widely cireulated .VuiiUst 
 l'2th 1S.')9. 1 11 .laiiuarv. ISCiO. a desii;n for the monnment was adopted, ami twn hundred and 
 tiftv litliotrraiihie prints tlnreof were issiU'd. (In .May l!."i|Ii, ISCid, aiiollier address wa~ puMished 
 makiiiL' an appeal for suhsia-iptions. and mi .laniiary IStli. 1 SiU , a mcmnrial wa-; addresseil to the 
 
 heirislature, askin.i;- for an ^ ^^^_^_^^^____^___^_________^ 
 
 approiiriation. Duiim;- all ^^^^^r " -• ' ' '^ 
 
 the years of the Civil war 
 
 tlu> ass<iciation continued to 
 
 hold annual meetings, and 
 
 this continued until the 
 
 <leath of Mr. Ha\'en. who 
 
 for so maiiv years had 
 
 worked enthusiastically for 
 
 this ohjcct. The expense of 
 
 these meetings, of iirintini: 
 
 and of the solicitors in 
 
 Iraxclini!', ap])cars to have 
 
 entirely ahsorhed all the 
 
 funds collected. 
 
 On May Ttli, 1SS4, a 
 cliarter was ohtained for 
 "The Trenton Battle ^hmu- 
 
 ment .Association." an<l the first meetilli; of the Directors was held .May llJtlj. On Dcccmher 2Sth, 
 iNSd, the jirojicrty at the junction of Pennintrton, Princeton and lirunswick avenues and (ircene 
 and Warren streets was ordered to he purchased. On April 1 llh. I's^?. the Le.uislature of New 
 Jersey passt'd an act nialdnir an appropriation of Slo.OOO. On .Maivli ".d. 1*<1I1. the ConjiTcss of 
 the Fnitcd States jiassed a hill ajiiiropriatiiij: So(J,()()(). On July ".d. D^'-'l, it was reported that the 
 citizens of New Jersey liad jiaid to the Treasurer of the association more than 81-'),(K)t), which 
 amount made hoth the State and (iovcrnment approjiriations due and payahle. At a meeting lield 
 
 Rei.ikf Puf>iKN"Ti-:n nv TiiK CiiMMnNWKM.'rii OF Xkw YonK. 
 
THE CITY OF TRENTON. 
 
 ll!l 
 
 
 in the Stale lloiisr. April ('.III, 1S'.)|, a dcsi-ii fxcrulcd l,y Mr. .loliii H. jtuncaii, uf Xrw ^'urk City, 
 was ailciptcMl. On tlir at'tcriiiiini uf SrptciiilKi- 'JIHli, IS'.'l. llic Lirniniil cm wliich the iiKHiiiiiKiit lias 
 li<'fii t'ri'ctccl was Krukiii liy tln' I )iri'<tipi's of (lie assuciatidii. ami tlic Imiiiilatiiiii was luiiiniiiii'i'il 
 Odolier 22(1, IS!)]. 
 
 On till' twrnty-sixtli ilay uf Dii-ciiilicr. IS'.)], tiic niic liumlrcil ami lirticiitli aiini\ ca>ar\' of tlic 
 battle, thf conrcr-stdno of the imiiiunioiif was laid willi int<'rcstiiiu ccrcimiiiics. The ( 'niiiniittrc i>f 
 Avranuciiirnts liaviiiii' cliari!-!' iif the cxci-ciscs tlial day (•iinsist(.'(l (if Thdinas S. (;iiaiiili(,'rs, lliijili II. 
 llaiiiill and William 1 1. Skirni. 
 
 TIr' jirdgraninic at tlu.' sitcnf the inomiincnt, at twelve ()"cl(ick ikichi. was : Prayer, liy tlie I!c\-. 
 J(.)hii Dixon, I).l)., ]iastor of tlie I'irst Preslivterian ('linnli of Trenton, ortiani/.ed in 171'.!; Con- 
 teiit.s of Box for Corner-Stone, read hy His lloiior |)anie] .1. Ilieliiel. .Mayor of Trenton : Laying of 
 the Covner-Stoiie. l>y His Kxcelleney I.emi .\liliett, (iovernor of .New .lerse\- ; National Salute of 
 forty-fottr uiins ; ,\ddress by (iovernor Lecai .VMiett. "New .Jt'i-sey. the liattle-Croinid of tlu^ Revo- 
 lution;" P.enedietion. by tlie lit. UeV. Mieliael .1. (»' k'a irel I . Pii^llopof Trenton, 
 
 At the conclusion of these exercise^ tlie New .Jersey Society df the Ciiieinnali, the New .lersev 
 Soci(.'ty of the Sons of the Anieriean Rex ulnlion and the New .b'lsey Society of the Sons of the 
 1! e V o 1 ti t i o n, [lartook of 
 
 luncheon at tin.' .Masonic i^Tri i jir^snFTTiTgMliBiiSNJ^^s^-^,^?:: "-y-'- :?.-^-..-r^'g?-.-" 
 Tcmiile. the American .& . 'CffPWRiiWWJ?^iP ' '~ ' "^^ 
 House and the Trenton 
 House respectively, and the 
 followin.i? o-entlcnicn re- 
 s]ion(lcd to toasts on tli.at 
 occasion : < lo\'einor Leon 
 Abliett. Hon. Ccor-c M. 
 liobeson, (icncral Hoiac !■ 
 Porter. IIoii, .bwepli I ), 
 15e(lle, Hon, Samuel 11, 
 drey, Colonel .Vsa llird 
 ( lardiner, 1 ir, .Vu^tin Scott, 
 i;i-lit Rev, .Michael .1, 
 O'k'arrcll and (Icrici-al Wil- 
 liam S, Stryker, 
 
 At four o'clock a vast 
 asscml)lai;e was ti.athcrcd in 
 
 Taylor ( Ipera Ijonse at the eommcniorat i\c exeicise- of the day, held undei- the auspices of the 
 Trenton Rattle ^blllUlllelll ,\>-(iei.ition, ,M.aior-( leiicral William .1, Scwcll piisided and m.ade the 
 o|ieninL:' address, which was followed liv acldi'csscs from Ihiii, .loliii R, Mil'lierson, (icner.il Ibiracc 
 porter. Ceiieral \\'a;:cr Sw ayuc. (icncral (ieoru'c M. Itohcson and a historical papei- on the battle of 
 Trenton by the President of the P>attle .Moniniient ,\ssociation. 
 
 With iniposinji- cerenionies, upon the niiiclec nth day of ( >ctober, bst)."., the monnmcnt was 
 dedieated in the |iresence of a vast concoui>c of people. The [iniur^minie for the day was a> follows : 
 
 Music liy the band of the Seventh Rciiimcnt, .National (iiiai'd. 
 Prayer by the liiirht Re\-ereii(l 'I'hoiiias \. Starkey. Rishop of Newark. 
 
 Address by (Iciieivd Willi.im S, Sirvkei-, President of the Ti'eiiton P>at1le Monument ,\ssoci;i- 
 tion — "The N'ictory at Ti'cnton, " 
 
 UnveiliiiL' of the historical tablet ]irese]ite(| by the New .b'rscy Society of the Cincinnati. 
 
 Presentation addres- li\- Hon, ('lilTord Stanley Sims. Pi-csidciit of the society. 
 
 Accepted by 1 1 ugh H, llamill, l'>(piirc, of the association, 
 
 Unveililifrof the statue of RIaii' .^b■( 'leiiachan. a soldier of the Philadelphi.i Ti("ip of l.iiiht Horse. 
 
 Pr(.'sentation address by Caplain .lo^^eph Rapsley Wilson, coniniandiiii! ollicer of the troop. 
 
 Acceptance l)y Hon. .lohn Taylor, of the association. 
 
 
 
 
 
 IlEI.IlOF PHKSi;NTKIi \\\ TlIK ST.\TK Oi- CdXXKCTirt 
 
■20 
 
 THK CITY OF TRENTON. 
 
 rnvciliiiL' of tlic statue of .luliii Ihisscll, a snlilicr (if t'lildiid Joliii (Jlnvcr's Fourteenth Kegi- 
 iiient (if tile ( 'iiiitiiiental J.iiie fmiii .Ma.«saeliU!<etts. 
 
 Presentation address liy His Exeellency \\'illiani K. Tiussell, (lovernoi- of the Coninionwealtli 
 of Massaeliusetts. 
 
 Aeeejitanee hy 11 is Honor .losejili I!. Sliaw. Mayor of the city of 'I'reiiton. on hehaif of the 
 association. 
 
 UiivciHntr of the icHcf, "Tlie Continental Army Ci'ossing the Delaware,"' jiresented Ijy the 
 Conunomvualtli of I'innsylvania. 
 
 Presentation address hy His Excellency Roltert E. 
 Pattison, Governor of the Connnonwealth of Pennsylvania. 
 
 Acceptance hy lion. William T>. Dayton, of the asso- 
 ciation. 
 
 I'nveilint;- of the relief, "The ()|ieninsiof the Fight," 
 lireseiite(l hy the State of New York. 
 
 I'r( sentation address hy Ilis F^xcelleney Roswell P. 
 l''lower. (lovenior of the State of New 'N'ork. 
 
 .\ice|itance hy Hon. .1. Hart IJrewer. of the associa- 
 tion. 
 
 I'nveiling of the relief, "The Siu'render of the Hes- 
 sians." ]iresented by the State of Connecticut. 
 
 Presentation address hy His Ivxcellency Luzon 1!. 
 .Mori'is, (iovernor of the State of Connecticut. 
 
 .\ccc)it;Hice hy Hon. l''i'ank A. Magowan, of the asso- 
 ciation. 
 
 Poem h\' Richard Watson (iildcr. 
 
 rnveiling of the statue of (icncral Washington, Com- 
 mander-in-Chief of the Continental Army. 
 
 National sahitc. 
 
 Address hy His Excellency (icorgcT. W'crts, (iover- 
 nor of the State of New Jersey. 
 
 liencdiction hv Rev. Thomas Hanlon. 1 ). 1 ). 
 
 In (Ic-crihing the monument it may he sai(l that the 
 niemoi'ial cojunm stands at the jiniction of W'aircn and 
 North I'.road sti'ccts and of Prunswick, Princeton and 
 Pennington a\'cnues — a spot familiarly known as the l''ive 
 Point>. 1 Icre Captain .Mexandcr Hamilton, of New "N'ork. 
 opened his hattcry of tlic^ New York State Company of 
 Artillery on the Hessian foe. 
 
 ,\fter thorough delihcr.-ition and an exhaustive s]iecial 
 i-cport on the suhject hy three mendi(.'rs of the association, 
 the design suhmittcd hy .hilm 11. Hunean, of New York 
 Citv, was unaninu)usly adopted, and the nionunu'nt, with 
 some slight alterations, has been completed according to 
 this design. Tlie contractor was .hihn Pierce, of New 
 York City. 
 
 The style of the cohunu is that known as Roman- 
 Doric. The base of the pc(lcstal is twenty-nine feet eight 
 inches S(|uare, and on this ])edestal is a hollow llutcil 
 column, the cap of wliich forms an ohscrvatorv. The top of the granite-work is one hun(lrc(l and 
 thirty-five feet above the foundation, and witli the statue is one hundred and fifty feet above the 
 street level. The foundation of concrete is nineteen feet deep, and the whole monument, includ- 
 ing this foundation, weighs -1. III.;;?") pounds. 
 
 9 
 
 V 
 
 'I'iiknupn liAiii.K M"»M mi:nt. 
 
THE CITY OF TItKNTON. 121 
 
 The shaft is of white 'Ma'uw granite. It is liiiisiicd in ti'ii-ciit work. The pdh'stal is made 
 partly of the same material as tlie sliaft and jiartly of a (iarker-eulniT.l stone, to L;ive more a|i]ian-nt 
 solidity to tile hase. The liase of tlie struel\n-e will eventnally In' line-cut to eorre>|joiid with the 
 upper ]iortion ; l)Ut from the present unpi-otcvted jx.sition of the nioinmii-nt, it was deenieij hy the 
 association a necessary measure to leave il rock face. The interior of the pedestal is <'rnr-irorni in 
 sha]H' ami is nineteen feet three inches across the wi<lcst pai't. The three niches thus foiin.'il arc 
 linislied as rcli(iuaries to receive such valuahlc historic tidphies as niav he pi-escntcd lo the 
 association. 
 
 < )n the fop of till' c(. Inn ni is a 1 iron /.e statue of (I cnci'al Washington, standing as he appeared at 
 the hcMininmi of the hattle. ^lass in hand, surviying the llyiii'..: Hessians, and then with e\niided 
 ri.uht arm pointing- down Kinu street, now Warren -ticct, in the direction he wished Caplain 
 HannltoiTs hattery to oi>en ujion the foe. lie is represented in the full uniform of a ( oiitincntal 
 Ueneral ollicei-, an exact reiiroduction of the uniform W(Ji-n hy him at Ticnton. as shown in the po|-- 
 trait hy Colonel Trunihull, ])ainteil just aftei- the hattle. 
 
 The statue was desij^nied hy William IJudolf ()'l)onovan, of .\c\\ ^'oik Citv, the cclehi-.itcd 
 sculiitor. In this statue of A\'ashin.uton will ln' found tlii> m.Mturest ami hcsl outi'omc of all Mr. 
 O'Donovan's literary and artistic study of the personality of his suhject, which was not poi-ti:i\cd 
 in any complete sense hy any one of the artists of his time. In this statue the sculptor ha- t.ikiii 
 from the iiortraits of Stuart, Colonel Truniliull an<l from the statue ,,r lloiidcn whati'vcr he Ihouiiht 
 truthful in the liuiit of tlie knowdedue given hv the life-east. 
 
 The statue was cast at the National Art Foundry, of New York, owned hy Maui-ic-e .1. I'ower, 
 as, indeed, were all the statues and relit'fs on the nionmncnt. 
 
 At one side of the doorway of the monument, appidprialely guardini: the entrance, stands a 
 hronze statue of Private .John liussell, of Captain John Sclniini's company of the i'^ourtcenth 
 Regiment of the Continental Line, oi-gani/.cd in .Massachusetts hy Colonel .lolm ( do\-cr. This 
 regiment distinguisluMl itself hy aiding the .\mei-ican army to escape over the Fast ri\cr to .New- 
 York (.'ity after the hattle of r.,ong Island, and again in the hisloiic crossing of the l>cl;iw:ire i-i\cr 
 on the night hefore the hattle of Trenton. This soldiei's likeness is taken from a nu'dallion, 
 
 executed in Paris, France, after the war, when he was in that city, having crosscil th -can as 
 
 captain of a sloop in the merchant service. He is represented in the uniform of that sjilcndid 
 reginuait of Marhlelu^ad tishermen, as worn in Decendier, 177r> It is placed (jn tin' monumcnl li\- 
 the jiatriotic action of the Commonwealtli of .Massachusetts. 
 
 ( )n the otlua' side of the dooi'wav is the statue modeled .iftei' a likiaic-s of Private lUaii- 
 McClenaelian. of the Pliiladel|ihia Ti-oop of j,ight Horse, which troop totjk pai't in the hattle of 
 Trenton. The ti-oop was eonnnanded hy Captain Samuel Mori'is, ami after its service in the winter 
 cani|iaign of I 77ii-77. the ( 'onnnander in-( 'hief wrote them the following letter ; 
 
 ■■The Philadelphia Ti'iiop of Uglit Horse undii' the command of Caplain Morri^. having ])er- 
 foi'mcd their Toui' of iliitv ai'c discharged for the pi'esi'iit. 
 
 "I take this ()pportunity of rctui'ning my most sincere thaid^s to the Captain and to the 
 (icntlemeii who compo>c the 'i'roop fo|- till' nian\' essential Scrvdees which they have rendercil to 
 tlieir Country, ami to me pcrson:dIy iluring ihc Coinsc of this se\ia-c Campaign. Tho" com|io-ei| 
 of Gentlemen of Fortune, they have shewn a nohle Fxamplc of discipline an<l suhcu-dination, and 
 in several .\ctions have shewn ,-i Spirit of I'>ra\'ei-y which will ever do Honor to them and will ever 
 he gratefidly rememhered hy nu'. 
 
 "Civen at Head (Quarters at 
 
 " .Moi'ris Town this li.'ld .lan"y, 1777, 
 
 "do. \\'.\sniN(:ToN. " 
 
 it is the gift of the troop now known as the First Troop, Philadelphia City Cavalry, an organi- 
 zation whi(;Ii has existed since the UcN'olutionary period. The two guai-ilian statues are also tlic 
 work of Mr. O' Donovan. 
 
TIIK tiTV OF TinCXTOX. 
 
 123 
 
 Oil the iKirtli side of the hase of the iwdcstal is an historical bronze tal)lct, i)rcsontcil hy the 
 Siicictv of the Cincinnati in New Jerse^v. Tiie inscrijjtion is in these words : 
 
 
 lrliOiVlOMlM:i-Mi.j| 
 TM?: Tn£JvrrQMr5/\f-rLE^/(f)i[ 
 'rOCOMMPMOflAIET: 
 C/mW BY Tfj£ AMEf l[Ci_ 
 
 ovefrrrr FOficEo or Q\m 
 
 llMTrinTOWM OlMTrE 20Tri DAT Of^ 
 
 AiMi'lO DOm 
 
 niTAIl\( 
 
 " n77e 
 
 Tile fiilldwini:' .-n'r the nn'mlicrs of Ihc 'I'lcntnii ilattle .Nroimnient Association : 
 
 Gjcmokai, William S. Stii'ikici;, I'rcsiilfni, CoLomol Iv ki'okh y\tni\i\:, SicnUirij, 
 
 ('oi.oxEL S. ^[i;ki>;|]H 11 {(kkinson, Trfiixinrr, 
 
 Ifo\, (lALKirr 1>, W. X'l.'ooM, Hon. William S. ^'aiih. 
 
 ('oLiiMJ, 1'lloMAS S. ("llAMIiKltS, I|ii\, .1. IIaLI' 1 ! I: LW IOK, 
 
 Ilnai 11. Hamill, 1']si;., Hon. .Ioiix Ta-iLoi;, 
 
 ■ loiLN l;. ]'^i:i,L, 1'"S(;., Hon. I'^KA.NK A. M.\i;oWA.\, 
 
 Ho.v. William L. I'.wto.v, Hon. .hjiix Uriiost, 
 
 r>.M:Ki;i,' Or.MMEiM';, l']si^, Coi.o.M'i. William II. Skii:m. 
 
 TlIIC Sw.\MI' iV.NI.iJOL. 
 
 Tlie history of the urea t nun wliicli stands mounted at the easterly lerniinus of Perry street 
 has been so often tolil — and ineui'i-eetly — th.it the facts hcriAvith jircsentcd ni.ay lie said to be linal. 
 They are deri veil from the "('eiitiiry War r.ool<," \vliere they an' first tolil by the distinguisiied 
 historian, Adjutant-( leiieial William S. Stryki'r, who was Aide-de-C'anip to Major-(ieneral Quincy A. 
 OiUmore durinfi; the sicfre of Cliarh'ston. 
 
 The first attack on Fort Sumter marke(l (he beginning, and the second and third lioiiil)ard- 
 nients the middle |ieriud of the Civil war. Morris Island and l'"nlly Island, two low sand-reefs, 
 constitute the soiitlii'ily bmmds of the outer liarl>i]i- of the city of Charleston. 'i"he I'nion troojis, 
 under Major-(;eiieral (jiiincy A. (dllmore. on .Inly lOtli. 1S6.3, eai)tured a large portion of Morris 
 Island. altliMiii:li the C.iiifederate forc<'s still held Cummings' Point Battiaw and Furt Wagner on 
 that part of Morris Island nearest I''ort Sumter and to Charleston. Examinations of tiie topography 
 of the location tended to show that o|)erations against Charleston eouhl be conducted. I'pon the 
 morning uf .Inly Kith, Colonel ivlwnrd W. Serrell, aeeompaMied by Lieutenant Natlian M. Fdward.s, 
 <arrying a plaidv, started acro.^s the marsh to secure a ]iosition from which lire <'oul<I be opened 
 upon Charleston. When the mud would not bear them they sat on the plank and pushed it for- 
 ward l)et\veen their legs. When again the soil appeare<l stilfer they carried the plank until they 
 reached the soft mud again. And so the lirst examination was nunle in open view of four Con- 
 federate foi-ts and eleven batteries, and on a day of most intense heat. Ilowcvi'r, a spot was found 
 where the iiiud seemed of less depth, and wdiere the city of Charlestun could be distinctly seen. 
 A jxisition was seleeted bv Coloml Serrell which was about 7,'.l()l> yards from the city. It was 
 decided that such operations should be instituleil. 
 
1: 
 
 HE CITY OF TIIKXTON*. 
 
 Many siiuii(lin<is were made at variniis points, with a tiiirty-tndt iron rod, and the mud was 
 found in j)lac-es to be twenty feet deej). Tlie swamp was covered with wilil <^rass, Imt this f,'rass 
 had no sustaining power wliatever, and it was quite easy for men on a plank to start waves of mud 
 across tlie surface of the marsli. A ])latforni was constructed and ])ih's of sand liags regularly laid 
 were mounted on it. It was found that the jilatform held six lunidrcd pounds to the square foot, 
 uniformly distrihuted, hvU at nine hundred pounds to the foot the i)latform sunk at one corner and 
 the sanil l)aj.'s slid off and vanished in the mud. A story was current in the de])artment at the time 
 that a requisition had been sent to Colonel Serrell hy some one more of a wit than an officer, in 
 which a detail was called for of "twenty men eighteen fe(>t long to do duty in tifteen feet of mud." 
 I'pon the second of August i)reparations were begun for cutting the timber and Ijuilding a 
 
 trestlework roadway across the 
 marsh. Tliis road, some two and 
 a h;df miles long, was made dur- 
 ing the following week. Then the 
 ditiicult construction of the marsh 
 battery was connnenced under the 
 direct lire of Forts Haseall, Clieve.s 
 and Sind<insand the other smaller 
 ( 'onfederate workson .lames Island. 
 Till' foundation for the real bat- 
 tiiy was connnenced tmder the 
 (liiTition of Colonel Serrell. bv 
 placing two large platforms upon 
 the surface of the marsh. Sheet 
 |iiling was di'iveu to surround tlu" 
 gun jilatform. Whrii this fomid.i- 
 tiiin of jiiling had all been jircssed 
 down intojilacc, surrounding what 
 was to be the gun deck, a grillage 
 of ])ine logs was bolted securely 
 totic'ther, surrounding three sides 
 of it. On this construction of 
 cross-beams thirtei'u thousand sand 
 liags, weighing over eight hundri'd 
 tons, were ))laced, liaving l)eeu 
 laii'itd from the camp of the Vol- 
 uuteei- Kngineers across the trestle- 
 work, and a ]iara])et with cpauli'- 
 meut was Iniilt upon it. 
 
 The streams and inlets of tlie 
 vicinity were picketed by armed 
 boats, so that soldiers at work in 
 the marsh should not be surprised. 
 On the seventeenth day of 
 August an eight-inch tw(_)-hundred- 
 ])onn<lcr Farrott ritie gun was successfully transpoi'tcd over the marsh and mounted in tlie battery. 
 It is well to mention that this gun never was used in lircaching the walls of Fort Sumter and the 
 great three-lumdred-iioiuider rille gun which did such execution on that fort never tired into 
 Ciiarlest(Hi. Wlien the gun had Ix'cn mounted in the "Marsh Battery" it was immediately 
 christened liy tiie soldiers in the camp as the "Swamp Angel." 
 
 Although on the twenty-first of August (iencral Oillmore sent to General Beauregard a demand 
 for the innnediate evacuation of IMorris Island and Fort Sumter, no attention was |iaid to the notice. 
 Upon flic niglit of August 21st General (iillmore ordered Lieutenant Charles Sellmer, Eleventh 
 Elaine Volunteers, to take a detachment of his conunand to the battery and sight the gun just to 
 the left of the steeple of St. Michael's Churcii, in Charleston. Colonel Serrell, assisted by Lieutenant 
 
 
 The "SwAMr Anhki..' 
 
THE CITY OF Tl:i-:.\T()X. 
 
 125 
 
 Nathan M. Edward:^, had in tlic afternoon laid the liiir of liiv. Tlicy were kc|it in the hattci'v for 
 over tlirec liouvs under a ti'eniendous tire from the eiieniy. wliile puttiiiL:' in I'anLie stakes to lire Kv 
 in the iiiu'ht, as no jiarl of tlie city e.inld then he seen, 'i'jie i;ini was t:iven an eh'xatioii of .'!1° 'MY. 
 At lialf-past one on the niornin.L;- of Aui;ust 'i^d. tlie tii-st shell witii pei'eussion fuse was tii-ecl 
 from the ''Swam]) AnL;cl.'" The noise made hy hells and whistles in the middle of the niirht tolij 
 the I'nion soldiers that the shell had fallen into theeity. Sixteen si,, .Us wei'e tired that earlv 
 mornini;- hour. 
 
 General IJeaureiiard wi'ole ( Jeiieral (dllniore, on the mornintidf .\ml:u-I l!lM. savini:' : " ^'oui' 
 tirinu' a numher of the most de<trnitive missiles e\-er u>eil in \vai- into the midst of a eits' taken 
 unawares and tilled with sleeping- women and ehildi-en will ;.d\-ey(]U a had laninenee in historv."" 
 The General re|>lied, and on Auuiist 'iod twenty more shells fillei] with the ■•(dcik j-'ii-e"" were tired 
 from the iiun in the marsh. Six of these shells expli ided in the Liim, douhtless -^horfeniuL;' the life 
 of the jiieee to some extent, ('n the thirty-sixth disehai'ue of tin' •■Swain|) .Viiiiel '" the hreeeli of 
 the ,i>-un just hehind the vent hlew ..nt of its jacket, and the '.^uii was thrown forward on the ])ara])et. 
 The tiiin. as it appeared on the parapet. M'emeil to the Confedrrates as if in position for tii-ini;-, and 
 a large amount of amnumition was exjiended upon it while they were in iuimranee of its having- 
 hurst. No other .iruns were mounted in the marsh hatlery until Septendier 7th, when Fort Wairner 
 surrendered to tin; Union troops. Then two ten-ineh seaeoast moiiai's were |jlai-ed there to di-aw 
 off tlic tire of the hatteries on .fames Island. 
 
 The '■ Swamp Angel " was purchased after the wai- with some condemned metal and sent to 
 Trenton to lie melted, hut having l)een identilie<l was set up on a granite monument in (hat city on 
 the corner of Perry and C'liuton streets. " The gun was cast at the \\'c-t Point l-"oundiy in \si\:], 
 and was of a class nundiercd (i. It had u]ion its muzzle, W. I'. 1'"., No. (i, iMi.",, not Ki,.');; .\. .M, 
 The regulation weight I'm- such guns was iri.."i(Hl pounds. Imt the exact weight accompanied each 
 glut. The A. M. means Alfreil Morde<-ai, the inspector. The foiuidry nmnher of the gim was .'iS.")." 
 Golonel Serrell says that the distinctive features of the marsh liattiry as a wurk of engineci-ing 
 were "that the gmi jilatform was jilaced ujion a gun deck resting upon \ertical sheet ]iiling. outside 
 and around Avhich there was a grillage of logs. If the gini and tin' other weights upon the gmi 
 deck wen' lieavy enough to tend to sink within the mud. the weight upon the grillage in the form 
 
 of sand in hags which formed the parapet and 
 cpaulcment of the hattery hy heing increased 
 <ountei-poi,~ii| the gun deck. It was sim))ly a 
 force meeting another force of a like amount in 
 an opjiosite direction. Tin' standai'd I'aiglish 
 magazine '" iMtgineeriug '' speaks of the con- 
 strtictiou of this hattery in its review of the 
 <ipei-ations of the i'"cd<'ral and Confederate arn nes 
 at the close of the war as one of the most im])ort- 
 aut engineer woi'ks done hy either army. 
 
 Xo one ohject in Triaiton, save the I>attle 
 Monument, has hccn more conspicuous and 
 more interesting to sight-seers than the "Swamp 
 .\ngel." It is practically TreutoiTs ouly sou- 
 venir <if the war hetween the States. 
 
 TuK McCi.i:i,i,.\N Mommi:nt. 
 
 In Riverview Cemetery, standing as a per- 
 petual memorial of .lersey's liero, (iiiieral 
 George 15. JleClellan, is erected a gi'anite shaft, 
 forty-six feet high, surmounted hy an eagh' 
 with partially-s]ireail wings. The idi'a of thus 
 honoring him whom the soldiery of Ami'riea 
 McCLELLAs- MO.SCMK.ST. y<^l'l»'l " I-'tt'*' ''^l^'^'-" '"iginated with the Hon. 
 
V2C> Till-: (ITV OF Tl'vKNTOX. 
 
 irt'iirv V. Kclsc'V, Sucrediry of State, wlm, al'tcT yoars nf tnil. saw the cuiiiiilctioii of tliis work 
 of art. This was in the year IS.SD. As.sociatcil with Mr. Kels,.y in tliis niovenicnt were 
 A<ljntant-(!encral William S. Stryker, I'.x-C'oinptrollir l-Mward J. Anderson, e.x-Mayor (iarret 1). W. 
 N'rooni anil (!eneral Kieliard A. Donnelly. The following device ajipears iijjon the four sides of 
 the hase of the shaft: "(leorL'c Brinton IMeC'lellan, IJorn in Pennsylvania, December o, 182() ; 
 Died in New .lersev, Octoher 21), ]SS5; Organizer and Commander of the Army of the I'otomac 
 and ('onnnandinu' (ieneral of the Armies of the I'nited States; (iovernor of New Jersey, 187<S- 
 ISSl ; ICreeted as a Trilniti' of lves](eet and .Vifeetion liy Personal Friends." 
 
 The column, which is lluted for one-half its altitude, is thirty-four inches in diameter. Half 
 wav lietween the llutinu' anil the top is a hand of oak leaves and acorns. On the four sides of the 
 ca|)stone of the die, at the liase, are fittinji: ornaments denotiui;' the nnlitary rank of the idolized son 
 of New Jersey. The total weij.dit of the monument is seventy-three tons, and cost 8S,()()(). 
 
 The suliscri]itions to this monument were entirely of a voluntary character, and would have 
 reached -SIC, 000 had not .Ml'. Kclsey driven notice that so much money was not rcijuircd. 
 
 Tuic \\'a-i:im.iii\ Mom miint at ('ahwalaukk Paijk. 
 
 To the west (if Cadwnlnder Pai'k, o\-eil(iiikinLi the liluff. is the Italian mnrlijc statue of (leorjre 
 \\'ashin<;ton erossiuf;- the- Delaware. Thi' statue is fourteen feet in heiuht, which, with its |icilestal, 
 L'ivcs it a total elevation of twenty-twn feet, and weighs seven tons. The statue occU|iied a promi- 
 nent ]ilace in the Centemiial lv\| po-il ion. in Philadelphia, and soon after Cadwalader Park was 
 opened. Common Council of 'i'reiiiini purchased it. This was with the idea that the statue would 
 he I'rcctcd in the ]i;n'k. No action was taken until the month of .lamiarv, 1S'.I2. when the various 
 councils of the .lunioi- ()r<lci- df .\iiiiriian .Mcrhanic-. dicidcil to pu<li the matter. 
 
 Consci|Ucntlv a committee of three was appointed li\- each ( 'ouiicil. and a peniiaucnt ori:anization 
 fornu'd l>y the election of the followiuL: : Pi-esiilenl, Charles 11. Clayton, of Mei-cci- damcil. No. oO : 
 \'icc Pi'csidcut, ( Icoriic W. McFarlaud, of |-",nlerprise Council. Xo. (i ; Scci-ctary. .lames lC.(;ienn. of 
 Nathan Hale Council. No. Nil; .\ssistant Secretary, l^lincr .lohns, of Coinniodoi'c Perry Council. 
 No. SO ; Financial Seci-el;n'y. William . I. .\nderson. of Century Comicil. No. 100; Treasurer, Charles 
 Slee, of Trenton Coumil, .No, HO. The I'eniainiii;: mem lie is of the lonnnittce are William II. .\I)hott, 
 William T. P.lackford. of No. (\ : .\ndrcw P.ailcy. .1. Harry Wolf, of No. .Ml: Harry Naylor, Maliloii 
 Funk, of No. SO; Charles Severns, Edwin I'. WyckolT, of No. Ml; T. 11. Ilcrion. Howard k'ni-ht. 
 of Ni). '.10 ; William P>. ( iihson, -hisjier Scott, of No. 1(11). This committee appeared hefore the Park 
 Committee of Common Council and asked perinission to complete the plan as oriLiinallv intended. 
 The joint couimittee secured the I )istrict Court rooms in the Ciiv Hall. mcetiuLis were held, siihscrip- 
 lioiis ohtained, entertainnu'Uts uiven and lahr a dedication of the statue was the roult. 
 
 'I'm-: \'oi.r.NTKi:i: Fii;i:mi:.\'s .Montmk.nt. 
 
 In commemoration of the services of the Cit\' N'olnntcer Fire Dcpai'tinent. the citizens of 
 Trenton, in the summer of 1S!)2, erected a metal statue upon a hamlMime liase, which stands oppo- 
 site the I'road street entrance of the City Hall. Fpon tlie liase is inscrilied : 
 
 '' Trenton Volunteer Fire Department. Oriranized Feh'y 7, 1747. Dishanded .\pril 1th. 1S',I2." 
 
 " ICrectcd hy the Citizens of Trenton to coniniemoratc the .'Service of N'olnntcer Fire Depart men 1." 
 
 The liuurc of a lireman, heroie size, in re;rulation costume, with lantern in hand, liears in his 
 
 arms the form of a rescued child. \ drinkiny fountain is a portion of the hase of this inonmncut. 
 
CHAPTEK XX. 
 
 TiiK i;k(;l\m.\(;.s of thk r.nicK and l'()■^Tl•:l!^■ indistkv. 
 
 Tatiiam's Kstakijsiimknt. Ids."— Thk McCi i,i.v< am, 'I'ukh: W,,|;k^— 'I'm.; Kaima' Days nv tiik 
 1.\ti;i;j:sts Wiiini 'I"(i-|)Av Ivxisr — Jjuk ks am> tin: M\kin(. 'riii;i;i:iii— Tim-i; wiki wkiik 
 Eakly Lxtere^tki). 
 
 I^HK H-^TAIlLlSilMlOXT nl' llic |, ,tt tv iii-lii~f r\' al ■|'iviituii .Intrs frnm tlir earliest 
 settlciiiciits ill (lie lil>(|-tii>, |iiTriiict^ ami juiisdicli.iii ul' l!ui-liii,i:tuii. in \\',>t .Icrscy. 
 Tu l)r. DaiiieJCnxc. (if l.iiiiiluii, l'i(,|,ri(lui- in Hi,- W'r^triii Divisidii, is to l>r jiiviii the 
 cicilit (pf liciim (iiic of tlir lii-st tu make white ware in llie Ciildiiie-. Tliniuuii .lulm 
 
 'rathaiii, liis anient, wlmse residence in I'.nrlini:! -ily was ii(>tewurtli\- in e<ili,nial 
 
 times. J)r. ( 'iiXe. siiinetinie 111 twceii |(;S|);ni(| HIS.'), ci-eeted a |Millel'Vat ])Ul-iillt;tnn 
 city ur in its iieiL:lilii u-ImhmI. AltlinnL;li llie exact Idcalion uf this enterprise is 
 unl<niiwn, it was |iniliahly in tlie vicinity of an ailjacent cla\- hcil. such a,- is lunml 
 lietw cen rinrenceanil I Jei'i lent i iw ii. Tlie care a ml i-cscai-cli (if Mi-. .Inhn Met '(irniii-U. 
 (if the Trentdii •■ l'(ilt(a-s' .Idnrnal," and tlie |iatient in\-estiiiatidns uf l']ihvin Atlee 
 I'.arlier, uf West (_"liester. I'a., in ■•'I'lie I'lillery and I'drclain nf the Tnitcd St.ates." have even vet 
 left this i|Uestii)n undecided. In the Udilleian lalir.iry, al Oxlurd. aic the n.iwlinsiin niannseript,- 
 (c. 1"2S, i'dl. 89, h. ). fi-din which is the fdl|in\inL; transi ri | it iuii i Harhcr, I'lillcry and I'l :|-ce|ain. (.Vc. i 
 relatiiiL; td tliis Cdxe |idttei-y. The ri'(i|iiietd|- wiites : •• I ha\-e ci'ceted a pdttery att Hurlini^tdii fdi- 
 white and chinev wai'e. a L;rea1e (|n,-intil\' In ve \-,ilne uf iL'ni) li have .alreadv heen ni.ade ami vended 
 in ye Cunnti'v. neiiihlidUi' ( 'dlunies .and ye Islands nf ilaihai li us .and .lainaica where tliev arc in L:real 
 re(|Uest. I have twd hdiise^ .ami kilN and all necessary iiii|ilenienfs. divci'se wiirkeiiien and dtlna' 
 servants. Have exiiended tlna-edn aliuiit L'oni) li.'' Thi- wa- in Ki.ss m- within a year (ir Iwd 
 tlu'redf. l)i'. CdXe sddii decided Id (lis|id<e uf his inteie-ls in .\cw .lersey, and tlie "■ rrdpiisalls " (if 
 his sale eile(l the alidve facts and the additiuiial iiifiiriiialinn that tiie "" divca'sc servants * '■'■• * 
 have made a pi-c.atc iirdLrresse ill a i'littia'v uf While and ('hina ware." .Vssuraiiee.s were iniule 
 that if the |idttel-y he ••well inanaucil will prdliahly liecvaa-y .VdvantaL'eiiUS ti) ye undertakers. "' 
 The "jKitterv lidUSe," (in the fdlirth uf March. Ili'.M, jiasscd luider the cdiitrul of the " \\'est Jersey 
 Sdcicty,"' a Liimliin assdciatiuii (if furly-eiLdit |iersdiis, whu lidULdit nearly all the ('n.xe interest in 
 the Jerseys. It is ]irdlialile that little was ddiie with the iidttery after this date. Ill ir„S(i I),-. I>l,,t 
 jiuhlislied tlie " Natural Ilistdryof Stall'drdsliirc. " wherein. descrihinL' lUirsleiii and its nianufae- 
 tures, ffives a list of clays, which leails In the pi-esiiiii|iti(iii hy Mr. .\tlee that the "eliiney "' (if 
 Burlinfrt"'! pottery was either a ereaiii-cdldi'ed 111- white stdiieware. it is imt known that a sinirle 
 specimen of this Coxe jiottery ]ir(iiliict is extant, and im records have cdiiic down to us of any 
 marks by whieli it eoiild he reeoLrni/ed. The i|Uaiiil •• Jlistorieal Description of the Province and 
 Country of We.st New -lersev," jirinfed at London, KJil.S, hy (lahriel Tlionias, makes no mention of 
 the jiottery, althou<;1i he deserihes ininutely the "(ireat and Stalely i'alaee ni .Inhn T'llihum Ksi|," 
 Coxe' .s agent, eatalogninfr '" A'o.vr.s- I'l/lijis ./iiliz-Fliiinrs, Sim Floinrs :\])(\ ('(innitiniix'' in tlie ''very line 
 and flehghtful Garden and On-hnrd adjoining to it." If the pottery then existed 'i'honias would 
 certainly have alluded to it, with his love of detail. liowaAar, in his deseriiition of I'enn.sylvaiiia, 
 the historian .says : " rottcrt have Sixteen I'eiiee for an ICartheii I'ot wliieli may he liought in lui;/- 
 land for Four Pence." Tn Virginia and .\ew Voi-k the pottery industry was emliryotie, yet hopeful 
 
12.S 
 
 THE CITY OF TllKNTON. 
 
 for investors, and it is not at all ini]>nil)al)lc that journoyincn i>ottci-s, other than Coxe's "servants," 
 had reached the Delaware N'alley. Hriek works had already l)econie one of the industries of the 
 eitv of riiilailelphia. 
 
 It is of interest to note in jiassinjr that durinsr a session of tin- T.effislattuv of West Jersey, 
 seeond to fifteenth of ^hly, U>><'-'>. there was jiassed an act (('ha]itei- \'., |i. l")'.!, I.eannnjr and S])ieer's 
 " (! rants and Concessions "' ) providiiiu' that liricks within the Province slmnld \<r made in imn-shod 
 nionlds. 'I'l inelies in thickness, lA in hreailth an<l DA inches in lenutii, " well and nierchantahly 
 liurned." Two persons were to he appointed hy the court to view hricks. Fines were to he 
 inuioscd upon lirickuiakers for violating; this act. This shows (piite coinlusively that hriek-niakinj; 
 was a recoiiuizeij industry in West Jersey. This, unfoi'tunately, is the only reference to the pottery 
 industrv in tlie colonial statute-hooks of \\'est Jei-sev or New Ji'rsey. Anionir the few circunistanees 
 preserved eoncernini.' the Coxc poliiiy. the ■•Court IJook." in manuscript, is of value. .\t a 
 session lield in llurliuirtou city, liitli month, 'jnth to 'ilid days. l<i>>"). a suit was hroujiht concerninL:' 
 wliich theoriirinal ('Utrv is ipioted verhatini. It demonstrates si'Vcral interestiuL' facts, anioui: which 
 are that the pottci'V was in (jpcratiou as early as lliS.") ; ili;it an Ivlward liandall was a manair<'r, 
 and nives the testiiuonv of two witnesses in relation to tlii< mattci'. 
 
 ) 
 
 
 il 
 
 " Janu'S Bud<l, plaint. 
 "Kdw. i;an<Iall, deft. 
 '■ .\c<'' on <l<'lit. ' 
 
 "Tlic.lurv — Itohert Stac\-. .loualhan Wood, .[olm Ihuiiim;. .John iioi'iicr. I!crnai-d l)evinisli, 
 Wm. Kvans, Koli. St\l(s. .loliu Itoarton. Nalhanicl W'l^t. .lohii ISrowuc. Uidiard Heritage, .lohn 
 Iloilinashea<l. 
 
 "Thedeeil oi' Indenture of atireem't hi'tweene I'lain't iV deft Read iV prii\cd. »^- also ye hond 
 of Two Hundred pomids fi-om ye deft to ye I'lain't foi- p'rfornianee. also i-ead iV: proved. 
 
 "Mary Ihidd .\ t t e s t ed 
 >aytli that -hee heiui;- at Lon- 
 don Kefori' \-e I)ef't cami> awav 
 
 >hee was told liv an honest 
 uoman theie who had some 
 coUeerne amiini;>t ye {'otters 
 at London that she feai'ed ye 
 I'ott Wol'ks liel-e Would come 
 111 tiotliiuL^-. for that tln' said 
 del" I liandall iV \c other p'soiis 
 who were to come to manajre 
 ve same works had not skill to 
 
 p'feet it. 
 
 " Wm. Winn .\tlested 
 5 saytli that hee can llnde noe 
 ( 'lay in the Countrey that will 
 make white ware : .\iiil further 
 siyth that I'Mward Kandall, the 
 ^H dift. i.- as Liiiod a workman as 
 -lames Ihidil ye ]>laint can 
 tinde ill I'jiulanil. 
 '"The Jur\' hi-iiin in this dctei'iuiiiatioii ( vizt. ) wee can jzix'e iioe f\iiall ileterndnation of ve 
 
 
 TlIK AUT III' TUK I'DTTKIC. 
 
 matter until materialls rei|uisite shall come from JMi^land to pro\-e ve skill of yc deft. 
 
 " Wiiereupon tin' IJench order that the said Jvlward Kandall minde ye Coucerne of the said 
 James IJudd until fitt materialls he si'ut for from sui'h [ilaee in F^ngland ii.s yc said Edward Randall 
 shall apiioint." 
 
 Mr. .lohn MeCoi-mick, of this city, who has de\dted much attention to the history of the 
 ceramic art in America, had the jj;oo(l fortune to interview the late John Stiles MeCully, and as a 
 result the recollections of one of 'i'renton's earliest workers in clay were ]iuhlisheil in the '' Potters' 
 Journal." Mr. McCully, who was horn in ITHH, gave it as his opinion that a hrother-in-law of his 
 
TlIK CITY OF TliKNTOX. 
 
 129 
 
 unrlc i-cntcil a part of the Cdwi'll rstatr. wIktc I'rtty's run crnssrs I'riminiitun avciuir, ami llicri-, in 
 17>>-'>, ('stal)lislii(l the lirst |Hi|tiry in 'i'lTntun. 'I'lic year pri'vidus, Mr. MiCnllv's I'allicr, wlm was 
 iif the .Mi-('nllys (if Ncwi-y. Inlanil, ihc laniily iniiiiralinu' tn Aniri-ica almul 1 7-I">. liail coinc tn 
 Trcntiiu t'rimi .M>iunl Ijnlly, wlicrr tlicy hail sdllcil. 'V\\r I'enninutnn avenue e>Ialili<hinent was 
 siilise(|Uently aliandunei 1, ami anullier |ic>tleiy was ereeteil in the I'eai- iif the old Lanih tavern, at tin- 
 head nf Warren strei't. ui- i,n the sduth side nf Mmnniient I'ark. 'I'lie Imililer was .lii>e|ih .MeCullv, 
 uncle 111' Jiihn. and tlie date 111' eiin-trneliuii was 17>^l. Aftei-ward the eldei- .\h('ull\- mnved tn 
 Lawrence and wnrked in the small Hunt |iiitlciy uii the Uainluidue iilantation. 
 
 It was in ITlt'.l that a puttery wa> located |iermanently in the c;i]iilal. I'lion the site ot' Uishnii 
 Mc'Faul's residence, on WaiTcn street, the cjdei- Nht'ully liuilt the works, and had for his |iarfner 
 Thomas .\[iner, an ancestor of ('ounseloi' Ivlwai-d W. Fvans. IJank street wa> i>|iened in ISl.'i. and 
 the pottery was moved to wlid'c the Parochial School now stands. Here the .Met 'ullys cai'i-icd on 
 the husiness until ISli's, when the late l-'athei- .Vntlmny Snntli honiihl the estahlishment thai the 
 Cathedral ndulit ln' erected. ( )n llmuholdt .street li\cd .lohn l)avis, .Ir.. son of an old soldier, who 
 resided in the "yellow house" on W'ai'reu street. I'.y a window sash struck with hullets in thi' 
 l.iattle of Trenton, the eliha- Havis Icid a sit;n, " I'ye to live and li\e to dye." John Davis, Sr., 
 deserted from the Uritish armv, and si.a'ved under .laekson at New < )rleans .and in Florida. 'l"he 
 younger |)avis told some interestiuL; rcnnuisccni-cs of early iinttiu'j in thi< the Stall'ordshire of 
 America. 
 
 "It must he rememliered," said he, ■■that cail\' cla\-\\ orkini: in this city was extremclv 
 ]irinntive, and that the ware jiroiluccd was of the rudest type. .My father, who had a comp.-unon. 
 whose name I thiidc was Samuel Calhoun, hoth potters, u-ed ouls' thc<)riental methods, as one 
 reads of in the ISihle. Manual lahor \\as the standai'd, and the i-cd carthcnwai'c pie-plates were run 
 on a foot-jiower wheel, no moulds hein.si' as \'et employed. l-dow er-pots wci-c .also made. The 
 lilazinu. when used, was done liv salt, and the wai'c h.iked hy wond. Theie wa- no .-landard price- 
 list, and waj^cs were for pici'c-work, a do/.cu glazed pie-plates hi'iuLiinu the employe a shillinir, if 
 large, and .sixpence if small. In this coiniectiou it must he I'cmemhcie 1 that white i;la/,cd-ware of 
 home manufacture was ipiitc unknown, and it wa< not until immediately hefore the llchcllioii that 
 Trenton potters paid aiiv attention to ;i hitihcr clas- of Liomls. 
 
 Triaiton was a natui-al potteiy ccutci- if the manuf.ictnre of poliery consist- of iiiakiuL;' the 
 coarsest class of ware, such as \va< lii^st made. .\liuiidant common clay is in the \icinity. Such 
 was the case at the McCidK- potteiw The evolution to Ihcpresiiit wa- \cry gradual. ( )ne of tl.i' 
 links that join the |iresent iiidu>try to the past was the old City rottci-y, located on I'la^ry street, 
 between Canal and Cai^i^oll. Culil \^'>>'<, this estahli-hment was occupied as a porcelain door knoh 
 works. In ^s:,'.\ was connncnced for the lirst time the manufacture of white e;u^theiiware. while 
 granite and (a'cani-colorcd wai'c. 
 
 TheCdasgow I'ottt'ry, now owned hy the ^losi's family, was started in IS.')'.) as a yellow ware 
 manufactory, whilst as early as ISo'J .l.ames Taylor and lliairy Speclci- cslahlishcil tiie lirst yellow 
 Rockingham ]iottery i'\ei- huilt in this city. 
 
 Theophile Frey, of Zuiic. Switzerland, was the first to introduce the art of decorating with 
 gold and colors in Trenton. lie was also the first jierson who introduc-cd ilecorating C. C. ami 
 granite in this cotuitrv. He lirst settlcil in Ilennington, X'crmont, and in ISo'.l <'aine to Ti-cnton. 
 
 At that time the only potteries here were those of William 'I'oung, S|ieeler A" Taylor and 
 Rhodes eV.- Yates, at the latter of which he introduced the art. He continued in the husiness until 
 ahovil lS(;."i, when he rcliuiiuishcd it. 
 
 In recent years, Trenton has amazingly developed her pottery resoiu^ces, until to-ilay no less 
 than thirty potteries stand to her credit. 
 
 The hrick elavs, whii'h form much of the hanks of the Jersey shore of tiic lower Delaware 
 N'alley, early attracted the attention of the settlers. It is thougiit liy some that the Swedes and 
 Duteii, hefore the English coiKpiest of KKW, made crude hricks in the vi<'inity of IJurlingtoii. 
 During the colonial and Uevolutionary ].criods, tnidition has it that sporailic attcmiits were niadi- 
 leading toward hrick mainifacture. These hricks were sun-drie.l. I'iiila.lclphia, which was early 
 a hrick manufacturing center, supjilied that necessary article for Trenton's c'olonial mansions. 
 The I'earson yard, at Attlehoro, Bucks county, was a source of supply for this <-ily, partieuliirly 
 during the early part of the present centtn'y. 
 
 K 
 
130 
 
 THE crrV OF TRENTON. 
 
 Bricks were iiiamif.icttmMl l)y oia- l"3iiily, wIki cmiiic here fmni duo rif tlic Eastrrn States al)out 
 tlic year 1>!17. lie ciiiitiiiiicil tlu' liusiiicss several yeais. Alniiit tli(>aiiM- time Mr. .Iiiliii Siiiitli 
 inanuraetui'eil a few iirii-i<s eaeii yearal)iiiit six miles imrlli df Trciitdii, mi the I'rineetnn pike. In 
 tlie vear 1S'J4. Moruaii ileakes eummenced the iiianui'ac-ture (if l>rii-l\s in eniiiiretinii witli larmiiiir. 
 Ueakes eiintiuueil tn nianut'aetiire aJKUit threi' liundred tliousaml l)rieks |iei- year until ahuul \s\-2 or 
 IS-l;!, when he was sueeeeileil hy Samuel .Mult'di'il. who made ahdut lil'teeii hundred thuusaml |ier 
 year Tor niie or Iwn years, when he failed in Imsinrss. Ileakes airain tmik the yaid. fni- ahunt a year, 
 when I'etei- (Irim and (ie(iru:e I\ul|i took it ami eai'i'ied un the Inwiness (nie vear. It aurain fell intu 
 tlie hantls (if IieaUes. I'eter and Daniel l-'ell ihen ti»ik the yai'd and eairieil it nn fni- ;iliiiut si.\ <ir 
 seven vears, makinu' each \'eai' al"iiil eiiihteeii liundied thuusand hrieks. 
 
 I'eter ( Irim and .Iii.-r|ili Ilymei- lainc tn Ticntnii fnim l'hiladel)iliia the year the |irisciu was 
 huilt, and took the eiintraet fur furni>hinL.' Iwn millinii lirieks fm- the huildinu" of the State Prison, 
 and eonnnenei'd to nianufa<-|ure them im what is known as ihi' llaydcii farm. They continued the 
 Iiusincs^ there until l>^-'!7. Tln' |iartnerslii|i was dis^oKi'd hy the death of Ilymer. I'eter (liam 
 then houuht the \i'\ at the inters<'elion (if ( alhomi and I'l nniiiiitoii streets, and mainifaetureil hrieks 
 there until ahout the \iar 1^11 or l>>l"i. wlnii (irim A' Kul|i eaii'ieil on the luisiiiess on the Ile.akes 
 ])laee, and. at t he i\| lirat ion of one vear. the\' dissolveil. and I'etei- (Irim eommenee(| themanu- 
 faettire of them on what is now known as W'ainw riL;ht's nur-ery. lie eoiiiinued there until he 
 eonehideil thai the 1 msiness w as un|>rolital ile. Tin' manuf.aetoiy then eame into the |iossession of 
 Ileiirv Niee and William Kini:. .Ml of these men. with the e\ee|ili()nof Samuel Midtord and 
 .Moi'i;an I'x'akes. were |ii'aetieal lii'iekmakers. 
 
 l'"rom stieli a lieiiinninn as this, the present luiek m.imifaituriiiLr industi-y has arisen. Thi' 
 houois Ti-enton has won. not only foi- the (piantity, liut for the ipiality of hi-i- liri<-ks, have heeii 
 Well merited, and tin- londitions of the |iresent lie-;pe,ik a prospei'ous futiu'e. 
 
 ^mm 
 
CHAPTER XXT. 
 
 A r.iiiKF iiis-roi;^- c 
 
 !•: cri'^'s TiiAXsi'oitTATKiN K \( 1 i.i'ri i;s. 
 
 lldW Tkiintiiniaxs Tkavki.icii r.i:i'ni;K ■iiii: l!i;\iii,i iioN — 'I'ln: Sii \i,i,(ii's ami SrA(ii:s liKFomc •iiii-; 
 1)avs (IF I!aii.i;(iaiis AXii 'riinsi; Wild CiiMu ( I i:ii 'riii;M — Tiiio I )i;i.a\\ \i;i: ami ItAiMiAX 
 Canal — Till': ('a.\iiii:n ami Ami'.h^' ('llMl'\N^■ — Tiih: 1! ailkhahs Winch 1'"(iimi thi; I'iansvi.- 
 \AMA SvsTKM — Till-: I'liii. \iii:i.i'iiiA AMI l!i:\iiiNi; I! mikhah — 'I'm: 1'"iii;mi:i: llm.'si: I.'xilwav 
 
 AMI THE PlilCSKAT l<]l.Kl'il;ll liAll.liiiAll, 
 
 II l*]N'r( )N, 1\ iliL^: nl till' licail (if lii|i'-\\:i((i- li|iiiii Ihr I )i'l:i\\ .■iic li\ it, :inil ll|iiin tin' 
 
 \) L;rr;il Vimil I irlw ecu I'liihii lrl| ilii:i aiiil Nrw 'N'nrk. li.-i> rrmii it> inci| linirv licrH;i 
 
 tuwii r(iiis|iiiiiiiiis .'IS :! rccriviiiL: .■iiicl ilislriliiitiiiL: cnitir. In il^ ciiluiiiiil riviT 
 
 lin\iu;ilinli 'ri'ciitiiii u ns ncccssililr I'lir .■ill IIh' siiiiillcr crnl't siicli :is \-;iclits. si la Hups, 
 
 ;c-. ^^ .a -' slii(i|is ami >r\ iici's, ami rvcii iimrr ]iritiiitii ills vrssris ul' iiiir liiimh-i'i| anil liftv 
 
 VSrK^P '" '^^" '"I'"'''''' t"'i^ liiiitlirii calm- to I .aiiil icfli ill uliaiAcs. 'I'lin uiliIi the Falls 
 
 n^^W^ tlir nillhaiii li.ialsi-aii s| irnlil y .juwii tin' vIviT. 'I'lic .li'l'i iiTslilii; ( il' 1 lir liillsidcs 
 
 (t) i <^ iif tlir ii]i]Mr licadwaliis ut' tlir l)ila\\arc liail mil tlirii iiciii cuiitriiiiilatrd ami in 
 
 Q) ciinsc'iimTirc a Lircatrr \ulunii' uf walcr ami ninrli Irss ilctritiis |i.assc(| the citx-. 
 
 Tlic cliainii'l at i'lTriwii: was niurc ii|i('ii, niakiiiL; llic tuun IVccr nl' avcrss. 
 
 r|iiiii tlir liiL^liway 'rrciifiiii liad ilincl ci mini nnical imi w il li riiilail('l|iliia ami New ^'ll^k ami 
 
 iiiciijinlalh w it li tlif scttlciiirnts at Fallsiiiiituii, I'.ui-ilrnluw ii. riiiilinutnii, (liistrrlirlil, AllcntnwH, 
 
 Miinimiiitli Cciiii't lliiiisr, I'riiicctiiii. Kinn'stiin, Aiiiwrll. 1 li ipcw rll, ami what latiT liiTanic ICwiiiir 
 
 ami l.aniliiT'tx illc. 'I'lic iicar-liv plaiilatinns were ilinitly ilc']irmlrnt iipmi 'rrciitun. 
 
 Ill tlir uriLiiii uf 1 1 II till II Is III' lam I tiaiis]i(ii1atiiiii tlic | lark-lmrsc L'a\ r way tu tlic slairr-cci.Ti-Ji, the 
 sta>.'c-ciiaih tu tlic |iiiiiiitivc Imrsc-car, llic latter tu llic lucuniutivc ami tliat tu tlic truljcy. Tlif 
 stiiiri'-eoach was an early institiitiun in Trciitun ami vicinity, ami in fact dates fruiii the time wjien 
 'rrcntun tirst cinerucd iVmn ]iurclv |ilantatiun cumlitiuns intu tliusc surruuiidin,i; a u'ruwiiij: luunlet. 
 The dciiiands made hv a ]iu|iiilati(iii learnini!: its tirst Icssuiis in iiiuliility arc ill clH'iuus cdiilrast with 
 niuiliT-ii dcvclu|iiiiciits. The earliest advertiscnicnt uf stan'cs uf which there is re<'(iril is fruni the 
 "Aiiierican Weekly .Mci-ein-y," Sc|itcnilier, 172-"). and is as fulluws : 
 
 '• If anv I'ersuii ur I'ersuns niav have uccasiun tu jiass ur repass, ur euiivcy ( iuuds frmn I'hila- 
 delphia tu Trentuwn and liaekward. their (ciuds may lie secured at the Ijuusc uf .luhn Wullard at 
 Trciitiiwii ill uider fur further ('un\cyaiiec. Such persuiis may cni|uire ur repair tu the ijunsc uf 
 the said .luhn Wullard in 'rreiituwii ur tu the Mill there, ur at the Cruuked I'.illet in I'hiladclpliia. 
 I'asseiiL'ers niav euuie and (mkmIs may he cunvey'd frum 'rnaituwn every Munday ur Tuesday and 
 fruni I'liiladclphia every Thursday ur l'"riday." 
 
 Mr. William .Nelson in liis very valnalilc notes on nc\vspa|ier extracts ( N. .1. .\rchi\-cs, \'ul. 
 XI.) says the Crooked IJillct was liciijamiit i-'ranklin's aliidini; place un the occasion of his lirsl 
 visit to I'hiladelphia. 
 
 '■ Tu ArnimmniliiU llii I'l'l'ddC 
 "There /(/// lir <i STACI'] WACOX set out from Trmlnn to Uni,i.-<ii'irL, Twice a Week, and li.ick 
 aj^ain durini; next Sumnier : It will he littcd up with I'.enchcs and CuverM i>vcr so (liat Tassenjiers 
 may sit Easy and Dry and Caro will he; taken to Deliver (loods and Messa;,;es safe." 
 
132 
 
 THE CiTY OF TnKXTOX. 
 
 Tlio " wajri^on" was adviTtiscd to set out at lirst from William Atlee's and 'riiouias llooton's, 
 at Trenton. The first triji was Monday. March "iTtli. 17">7--!S, and so fvcrv Monday and Tluuiday 
 from Trenton and from New lirunswiek ivcry Tuesday and Fi'iday. The rates wore 2s. fkl. eaeh 
 jia.s.seniier. — "Ameriean Weekly Meri'urv." .January •"iist-I'"eliruary 7th. 17-'!7— ")>i. 
 
 The "Xew ^'ork (iazette,'' .\]iril Sth, 17'U. t:ives notice that .\rthui' Ili-own will trans])ort i;ti(i(l> 
 hv lioat from New \nvk and SdUth I'iver. From the latter place, Samuel Riii;-ers, of Allentown. 
 will carry the same to Uiu'dcn's i.andinu- ( IJiii-dcntiiwu i at nvu- farthinii per pound. Itoi;ers" hoat, 
 at Ilurden's Laniliuu'. will forward the uoods to I'hiladi'lphia at llurliniiton rates. 
 
 (_)n .\pril 10th, 1740, the "• Peimsylvania (iazette" aunoimces the re-cstalilishnient nf the 
 ■' Stajre-Wai;t;on "" from Trenton to New lirunswick. This static had r\m twice a week in the 
 sununer of 17'">*^. and had lieen a ,t;-reat conveidcii<-c. The new static ■■will he continued and uo 
 twice a Week ci'rtain. frmn TiuuUm I'^eny evciy Mniidni/ and T Imrsd a i/ \u\i\ frnm Hrniisiriit hack 
 aj;ain 7'"rw/<(</ and /■'/■/'/"(/ durini;' this Summer. The Wauuon will he covia'M over, so that Passengers 
 mav sit easv and drv." The rates were 'Js. (id. I'roc. for cxcrv passenuer. ''Mci'chant (ioods 2s. 
 pcrC." .lose|ih '^'ates and William .Vtlee seem in havi' hccii the |iroprietors. 
 
 On .lune 7th. 1711, William Willsim, ni New lirunswiidc. amiounces that he has jjiirchascd 
 the .\ltee stage, which he ran fi'diii Xcw llrunswick on Mondays and Thursdays and from Trenton 
 on Tuesdays and Fridays. Philadelphia gouds wei-e to he dirccteil to Thomas Hutton, in Trenton, 
 and thos<' for New ^'ol■k to the pniprictur at Xcw Pruuswick. 
 
 It now hecame necessary that a map shmild he made showing tin' (lirect roads hctwecii th(> 
 congesting centers of po|iulation, sa\ing the traveler the dangers of "hlind i-oads," which led him 
 into the vii'gin forests. So one linds that in Scptianhcr. 17-1-"). -lohn l)al]cy, of Kingston, New 
 .lersev, advertised he h.id made ,a sui'vey of the Trenton-. \mhoV I'oad. and has "set up ]iroper and 
 durahle marks at every two Miles 1 hstaiicc. " This work was done hy suhscriptioii. and the survevor 
 desired to continue his woi'k to New ^'ork .iiid I'liiladclplii.a. and print a map thereof. Foi- this 
 ]iurposc he designed a |iopnlar suhscriptioii, the maps to he printed on '■ large and good Paper,'' 
 this Philadel]ihia-Xcw \>ivk I'oad map to lia\c markcil upon it liou<e<. hi'ooks, creeks, hridges, 
 (/ siiiiilllir. with their names. I'^ach suhsi'i'ihei' to pav os. aii<l ha\e ]d> name printcil on the corners 
 of the map. .\. peed, in Trenton, was the Trenton agent. 
 
 In 171'.'. Lewis l'^\ans' map of Penn~ylvaina, Xi'w -lersev and the ■'Three Lower ("oinities on 
 Delaware"" ( now State of l)elawai-ei appeai-ed. 
 
 .\flcr the estahli-hnient of jiorilentown as a river |iort. it was soon seen that Trenton was 
 increasing in populati<in ami wi'.altli. .and .loseph llorden ( PiS7-l 7tlo i. foundci- of Pordentow n, 
 ''to head olf his growing riv.al Ti-eiilon," cstahlished a line of stages hetwein liordenlown and 
 .\mhoy and shallops from his \i>\\\\ to Philadelphia. This was cirrinii 17 10. 
 
 Xuniei'ous other attempts wi'i'c m.aile to estahlish stage lines hetweiai Philailelphia and Xiw 
 York dm'ing the closing days of the coloinal ]ierioil. l''rom 17<io t<i 17ii^ etl'oi'ts were made hv the 
 Legislature to raise funds hy lottei')' foi- shortianng and im|iroving the great thoroughfares, hut 
 witliout success, (lovcrnor l"i-aiddin, alluding to them in a >|ieecli to the .\ssenihly in I7(>>!, states 
 that " even those wdiieli liehetween the t\vo principal trading cities in North .\niei'iea arc M'ldom 
 passahle without d.-uigia- oi' dilliculty." Suih lieing the condition of the roails. it w.as a great 
 iin]irovement to have .lolm .Mei-,~eieau's ■■tlying machine."' in 177'_'. leave Panlus IPx.k i now 
 JersevC'ity) three times a week, with a reasouahlc cx|icctation that p.isscngers would arrive in 
 Philadelphia in one ilay and :i half. This time, howi'Vei', was prohahly found too short, for two 
 days were rcipiii-ed hy him in 177o-7l. 
 
 During the Revolution the Tnaiton ferry was located a >hort distance helow where the lower Dela- 
 ware hridge now stands. Tln' old fcri-ydiouscs ari' still standing. The one on this side of the river 
 was the large hri<k huildingat the corner of P>loonisl>ur\- and Fcri'y sli'eets, .and now used as a tavern, 
 and the one on the Peimsylvania side is the largi^ hi'ick house directly opposite l''erry street. 
 
 In the time of the Revolution ( w hen the ri\-cr was clear of ice ), troo|is and others coming from 
 
 I'liiladeljihia would cross this ferry and proc 1 ea-twai-il to the I'^agle Hotel, on Mill Hill, to Qui'cn 
 
 street, that heing the oidy street tlnii open all the wa\- through ( P.looni.-hin^y stret't not heing 
 opened helow Front street till PSdl i. Persons coming this route would then proceed through 
 (iiu'en (now Jiroad) street to the old Ynyk road, and thus to Xcw \>'\k. This ferry was the great 
 
TIIK CITY OF TUKNTOX. 
 
 13;5 
 
 tlionnidifaiv Ix'twcni tlic cities nf riiil.iilcl|ilii;i :iim1 New \<,[k until tlir Dclauai'c liriibc was 
 ii|Hni'(|, ill ISd.'i, whin iici-suns and nni'i-liamlisr wcr<- ti'ans|ii>rtril ii\ri- tiic l)i-ii|'^c. 
 
 •I'lliH (). Kaum tlins itrnii/.rs tlir nld staL^v i-i.ulr^; ily ISlll, in .\|iril. '11 as I'liilrr 
 
 ■'n's|nctfiilly informs lii- IVirnd- and the |.ulilic in uvuci-al that lir lias furnisiicl him with an 
 cxiTllciit ]iaii-uf Horses, and a ^udij Ciachrc, and iiiliiid- iiinniii:: it fnim John ('. llummcH's 
 taviiai, in 'Pirnton. (o Joliii ('ai|Miitci-'s, i'hiladrl|iliia, tliirc limrsawi'ck tin-ou,<:hout thr sumnuT 
 season. He will have Trculon ivrvv 'I'ucMlay, 'l'hni-sda y, and Salunlay, ami riiiladil|.liia ixrrv 
 .Monday. Wednesday, and h'rid.ay. His liinn eni| jjoy mint a^ a stai;e di-ivcr lii'twi'eii tin- two rilie.s, 
 and his attention and |)Unetiiality in that ea|iaeity, ( wliieh sliall not he diminished as |iro]ii-ieti>r), 
 lie llatteis himself will secure a |Hirtioiiiif (he ]iiililic |iationat:e. .\ pair of Jlorsesand Coacliee 
 will he fnrnished to ljo to any |i;irt of the Ci uilineiit. " 
 
 < )ii the twciity-lii'st of .\|iril of the same year .hise|ili N'.indeurift, Sr., o|,eiied a sta.iie nllice ne.xt 
 to the Indian <iui'en Hotel, ihen ke|i| l>y .\nios Howell, near the marketdioiise. 'I'hcsc stujre.s ran 
 to and from Treutoii to l'liilailcl|iliia. makiiiL;' one ti-i|i |Mr da\- 1o either cilv. 
 
 In 1S(1'_', I'etcr I'roliasco and .lohn Dean ran a co.ich lielwien llii> city .mil l'liilailel| .liia everv 
 day in the week ( Sundays c.xceptcd ). The nHiee w.as two d s alio\ e the Indian (^Mieen Hold. 
 
 The same year Jolni ('. Hnmmell and .lohn ('.ir|ieiiter started the ■■Tientun .lecommiHl.atiou 
 line of coacliee stages." 
 
 In 1S07, John .ManninLiton ran a line of •■coacliee staiii's,'" whiili left l'liiladcl|iliia evci-v 
 ninrninj; at eitilit o'clock ( Sundays e.\cc|itcil i, and arrived in Trenton to dine at the >ulisc|-ilier"s 
 tavern, next door to the City Hotel. The fare was si. "id, hauijaiiv as usiial. 
 
 In ISl"), John Lafanelierie and Is.aae .Merriain ran a line of coai lies to connect with the 
 stcamlinat •• I'liiladelphia " at I he Uloiimshnry w liarf, startiiiL:: from .Mr. .Vndersoirs JtisiimSun Hotel. 
 
 In ISl'O, Charli's II. Carman and Lewis Thom|isoii ran a line from Treiilou to l'hiladel|i]iia, 
 \ia r.ristol, hy steamlioat ; Caiitaiii, J. .Miller; fai'e, >;1 ; hreakfast, ■_'"i cents. The hoat ran everv 
 day, except Sundays: application for pas^-.aiic was to he made at ImioiIi (irceu's, Indian <Juccii 
 Hotel, John N'oorhecs' Cit\' Hotel .and C. H. \'aiider\eer's hotel, llloomshnry. 
 
 The steaniboat " I'hiladelphi.i " eoninicnccd riinninu fi'mn llloomshnry. '{"iicsday, .lul\- ;'>d. ISi'O. 
 
 Dcconilier ?)lst. l^liT, Joseph I. Thompsoii ran a mail stanc helueeii Trenton and New iJruns- 
 wick every day of the Week ( Sundays excepted I. 1 1 left Trenton at eiL:lit ii"clo(J< in the niornin,L^ 
 changed horses at Princeton, and ]iei-formeil the passage in as short a time a- it could he done at 
 that time by any other line on the load. The f.are was ><1. 
 
 August 30th, I'S'iS, the rnioii line of Trenton ha(J<s r.aii to r.loomsluiry. to e.irrv passengers to 
 the irteanihoats "Trenton, " ('aptain .\. .leiikins ; " Iturlingtoii," Captain H. Martin, and "Man'o 
 Bozzaris."' Cajitain John l>. I.,ine. These three hoats were so arranged as to make one trip each 
 way every day. 
 
 The coaches started from J. .M. I'.ispham's Trenton Hon^c. taking passengers to the hoats, to 
 Princeton, New Hrunswick and New ^'ork. 
 
 The same \-car C. H. \ andervcci- ran .i line of Treiiloii mail coaehes hctweeii this city and New 
 I'.runswick. l-'are for |ia.ssage, SI. 
 
 The same \'ear a coacli was run li\' J. 1. Thonip.-on to ihc same place. 
 
 In 18lj(), .\. P. .\tkinson was appointed agent of the I'nion line of stage eoacJies. This line 
 continued in existence till the railroad coninienced operations, when it was discontinuc(l. 
 
 In ISJO. a steamhoat called the '■Hornet" maile regular trips on the Hclaware, to and from 
 Philadelphia. The fare was ■.:!."> cents either way. Persons, hy leaving their names at the Kising 
 Sun Hotel the night ]irevious, were called foi- hy the omnihus free of charge. The company had 
 two new and splendiij omnihusses. John i'ayne was the agent of this line. 
 
 The system of internal improvements projected at the lieginning of the present ei^ntury slowly 
 led to tlic ilevelopinent of the Delaware an<l Karitan canal and the Caniden and .\mhoy railroad, 
 (jovernor Dickersun was heartily in favor of the canal, and in his message of IMI) speaks of it as a 
 projected iniprovement of gi^cat national impurtance. \'arions atteni|ils were made |o crystallize 
 sentiment tljion this niatler and in lS2;;a legislative committee reported that they "have consiijered 
 tiie suhject with all that attention which its great importance demands, and arc of opinion that sucli 
 a eanal, if it could he effected at an expense not too great for tlii' resources of the State, and witlinnt 
 imposing a hurdensonie weight of taxation, ouglit to he cai-ried into execution hy the State itself." 
 
134 
 
 TlIK 11 TV OF TRENTON. 
 
 'I'lllO .JliINT 0(l.Ml'A.Mi:s AM) rjONNSVI.VAMA IIaII.KuAI). 
 
 'I'lifoiiifli tlic untiriiitr iiivcsliiratiDiis of tlic ITdii. ClilTunl Stanley Sims, nf ^rount Holly, .Judye 
 of Ijic Nrw .Icrsrv Court of iMTors and .Vpjx'als and I'l-csidcnt of the State Society of the 
 Cincinnati, the followinu' data ni'v [ircscntcd : 
 
 The Delaware and Raritan Canal Coiniiany wa.s incorjioratcd l'\iirnary -Jth, l.S:!(), to construct 
 a canal hctween the two rivers. This aitilicial waterway was to Kc not less than seventy-five 
 tVi't wide anil seven feet dee|i (act of Is;!]). The suhsci-i|ition-lH idks for the ca|iital stock of 
 -Sl.DOO.OOO were to he opened hy .lames I'arkcr and -lames N'cilson, of Middlesex ; .lohn I'otter, 
 of Somerset ; William llalstcd. of llnntcnlon. and (iarret Dorsett Wall, of l?urlini:ton counties. 
 .\nv corporation or inili\idual \va- iirohiliited from constru<-tini;- a canal within li\c miles of any 
 point on that of the company, and the State retained, for ten years, the powci- to snhserihe to one- 
 
 TllK Twii Dt:i. \\\ \i!i-; I'.itil 
 
 fourth of the capital stock. The State of New .fcrsey, hy act of i'chrnary '■\d, 1S;>1, reserved tlie riirht 
 of takih}; the canal hy appraisement after lifty years had cxpiiid. Tlie constructii>n of any railroad 
 within live miles of the canal was also prohihited. 
 
 r])on the same il.'iy the I )elawari' and l!arit:iii Canal Company was incorpor.ati'd. the Camden and 
 Andioy Railroad anil Transportation Comjiany was also <-rcati'd hy statute. The suhscri]jtion-hooks 
 for 81,()IHI,(I0(I were to he opened hy Samuel (i, Wridit, of Monmouth ; .lames Cook, of ,Middlesex ; 
 .Miraham lirown, of RnrlinLrton ; .leremiah II, Slo.in, of (douccster, and Henry l-"reas, of Salem 
 counties. Similar legislation concerning; exclusive privilcLics marked the i-ailroad as in the case of 
 the canal. I'pon tlie liftccnth day of Fehruary, l^.'Sl, the railroad and canal wire consolidated 
 umler the title <if the .loint Conqianies, althoxi>;h the separate ortranizations were i-ctained. The 
 companies were to prohihit the construction of any other road from Philadelphia to New ^'ork, and 
 Were to transfer without ])rice, to New Jersey, one thousan<l shares of thi' stock nf the .loint Coin- 
 ]ianies. Thirty thousaml dollars was quarantined the State as an annual dividend, and transit duty, 
 which led, throuirh the corjiorate inlluence, to New Jersey heini: called the " State of Camden and 
 Amhoy." In 1.S37 an act was i)a.ssL'il authorizing the Camden and Amhuy to construct a road from 
 
THE CITY OK TUKNTON. 
 
 \c\v l!run-:\vick \i< Tri'iitnii ami tlwiirc \n I'x.i-dcntMwn, with a l)iaii(li to \\\r Trenton Dclawari' 
 lii-iduc, Autlioiily was ^i\i'ii to locate sueli road n|ion the 'I'reiiton and New lli'iniswii-k 'I'm-npike 
 Company w ith the assent of that eor| lorat ion. 'I'hiv raihoad was al>o >nhi.'et. after a term of vears. 
 to he a|j|)raised hy the State. 
 
 The Philadelphia and Ti'enton IJaili'oad Comp.niy w.i~ ineoi| ,oratei| h\- the I .i^Lii-lat ui'e of 
 Pennsylvania in \s:V2. to eonstinet a railinad from Kensiniiton t^i the Trenton hrid.LH'. at Morii.— 
 
 ville, whilst an .aet of is;;.', antlmrized the eoiistiiieli f a railroad hi'idiic a(a-o>sthe Delaware. 
 
 Tntil ISi;:;, tln' KiaisinL^ton depot was nsi-d as the main Philailelphia station of the Philadelphia 
 and Treinon raih-oad, when the eonneetinu railroad joined tliealio\c road at l'"|-ankfo|-d and toneheil 
 Maiket >treet, Philadelphia, at Thirly-seeonil street. The pioent liroad street station l]a~ heiai 
 in n>e aliont a decade. In IS.'li;, the j'.clxiderc Delaware i.aihoad was ijrojciti'd from Tnnton to 
 ilcKidere, which later fell into the hands of the. joint ('ompanies. In IM;:;, this load was e.\lendcM_l 
 
 to .Manunka Chnnk. In ISol', the .Xew .hrsey Railroad and Ti.anspoitation (' pan\was incoi'- 
 
 porateil to eonstrnet a road from Ne\v IJrunswiek to Jersey Tity. In kS(i7, this hijiliway passeil 
 under the control (if tln' .loint ('ompaides. 
 
 .\llnsion lias heeii made to the Trenton hel.iw.are hridi:!' whicli nniteil the system of the .loint 
 Companies with th.at of tin' Philadelphia and Ti-cnton i-.iilioad. 
 
 In ITl's^, to the end that '■aL;<iod and permamait hridiie aei'oss the ri\ia' hclaware * * '■^• 
 wonld LM-catly conti-ilmtc to f.aeilit.ate (lie inteivourse hctween this State and tin' Southei-n States," 
 an act was jiasseil hy the 
 Lciiislatnre of Xew Jersey 
 autliorizint;' suhscri]ition coni- 
 missionei's for stoi'k thereof, 
 as follows : .lolm lleatty, Peter 
 (nirilon, Aaron Howell, of .Xew 
 Jersey ; Phili|i Wanliei-, Janii's 
 C;. Fisher an.l Charles Piddle, 
 of Philadelphia. A charter 
 was ;^ranted hy Xew Jci'sey 
 in IsO-'i. l'inns\lvania also 
 frranted like privilejics. In 
 ISIi.S, hotli Pennsylvania and 
 Xew Jersey yavc power to 
 widcai the hridne. < )n the twen- 
 tieth of June, PS77. throuirh 
 the medium of the Pliihidel- 
 pliia and 'J'reiiton i-ailroad. tin- 
 
 southern side of the hiadi^e, hir tracka,i;c, was leased to llie Penn-ylvania Railroad Company 
 initil -2^70. 
 
 ll will he thus seen that (lie various systems conncctin.ii Trenton with Philadelpliia and 
 Camden. New York and the Kast Jersey towns and Pelvidere were practically under the control 
 of the .loint Companies. .\n act of l'"cliiaiai-y •I7l\\. \X*'>7. conlirnieil an aL.'rcenient consolidatin.i: the 
 Joint Com]ianics and the New Jersey Kailroad and Tran-portatioii Company. These corporations, 
 commonly known as the Pnited ('onijianies, executed, upon .lune :!IUh, 1S71. a lease lor nine hun- 
 dred and ninctv-nini' years to the Pennsylvania Uailioad Company of all their railroads, canals and 
 otlu.T property. A failure to pay rental oi- hi keep and p.a-form covenants and aLxrcemeiits for 
 ninety days works a hirfeilnre of the lea<e. Since |.s71, the i'eiinsylvania company has continued 
 to operate the Pnited Companies' lines, ami has developed the system until it stanils unparalleled 
 amouL' till' railroads of the wmld. 
 
 'rilK l'i-:NNs^ i.\ AMA Kitiinair Siaiion. 
 
 Thk Piiii.AnKi.i'ni a A.vn Iti:.\niNo I!\ii,i:oaii Comtanv. 
 
 The Delaware and P.ound JSmok railroad was incorporated under the ( Icneral Pailroa.l law of 
 New Jcri^cy, May Pith, 1^71. 
 
 On October r,th, 1S7J, contracts were awarded for the construction of the roa<l, whi<-li wa.s 
 pushed rapidly to completion, and the road was opened for l.usincss >[ay 1st, 1S,C>. 
 
im 
 
 THE CITY OF TRENTON. 
 
 Tlic roiid cciiinccls witli (lir Delaware liiver luaiielj nf the North I'eiinsylvaiiia raihuail in tlie 
 iiiidille <it' tlie |)ela\vare rivei', near N'anlley, I'eiinsylvauia, anil extenils tn Itnuml ihnnk. New 
 .leisey, a ilistanee ni' twenty-seven miles, where it connects with the Central liaili-oad of New Jersev, 
 thirty-two ami foui-tenths miles from New ^'llrk. I'orniinf.' |)art of a iliiect line lutwi'cn I'hiladelphia 
 an<l New ^'orkCity, a distance of eii;hty-ei,i;lit miles — known as "'I'lie New \'ork and l'liiladel|ihia 
 New Line." 
 
 On the fourtci'nth day of May. IST'-I, the raih-oad |ii-o]ie|-ty and plant of the conipanv were 
 leased to the I'hilailelphia and lleadinL; itailroad ('oni|iany for nine liundi'ed and ninety years, from 
 May 1st, INT'.I, since which time the I'aili'oad has lieen operated liy that companv. 
 
 The oliicei's and 1 »i rectors are as follows : Pi-esiilent, Iv ('. Knight. .) i. ; \'icc I'roident. .lohn 
 II. Miehener; Directors, .lohn II. Michcner. I'hila.lclphia. I'a.: Charles S. IJaylis, New ^■ork ; 
 (ienri;c Uiclianls, Dowr, N. .1.; l.iwis II. T.iylor. llii;h l!ri<l<;-e, N. .1.; William .Mcrshon. Ualiwav, 
 N. J.; Samuel K. Wilson, Trenton. .\. .1,; Isaac V. Kichcy, Trenton, .N. .1.; |-"rcderick II. licacli, 
 
 P.^.ssENGKK .St.vtion uf I'll n..\i>i:i. I'll 1 -v ,\ni» Ri-:.\i»iN(i UAn,icu.\u. 
 
 Dover, N. J.; Edward C. Kni-ht. .Ir., I'hiladelphia ; Henry Lewis. Philadelphia; II. .M. llowe, 
 l'hiladcl]ihia ; Thomas Midscan, I'lnladelphia : Charles .1. Fisk. I'lainlield. N. .1.: Scen^tary and 
 Ti'oasurcr, John S. \\'ise. 
 
 The Trenton hraneh of the Dclawai'c and llound I'.i'ook railroad I'Xlends fi-om Trenton . I unc- 
 tion, on the main line, to Trenton, .New .lersey, a distance of three and seven-tenths miles. It has 
 proved not only a valuahle feeder to the m.ain line, hut has iircatly addeil to the development and 
 imiirovcnient of that part of the city of Treiiltm which was so much in need of railroad faeilitiu.s. 
 
 The East Tri'uton railroad was ineorporatc<l .\pril 17th. ISSj. 
 
 The road extends from a ])oint in the Trenton hrauch of the Delaware and llound lirook rail- 
 road, near Trenton, to what was .Millham township (now Eisihth ward), a distani'c of three miles. 
 
 This road is of iircat value to the Headinu' system, under which it is operated, and jirovides 
 l'!ast Trenton with railroad facilities which have contributed largely to its improvement and 
 prosperity. 
 
THE CITY OF TIIENTON. 137 
 
 Til.' ..(lirrrs ami Diirctdrs arc as fallows: l'rrsi,l,.nl, Ivlwanl C Kni-lit, Jr. ; Vice I'lvsidml. 
 .I..I111 II. .Mi.lirii.r; Diivctors, Cnu-'^v Ridianl.-^. Duv.r. X. .1.; Samuel K. \Vils..n. Trenton ; Lewis 
 II. Tayl.ir, High liri,!-,.. X. .1.; Isaae F. Itiehey, Tivntuii ; .John II. .M i.liener, niila.lelph'ia, I'a. ; 
 K. ('. Kni-lit, Jr., I'liiladelphia, I'a.; Tlinnias .MeK,.aii, l'liil.Mlel|,lun, I'.i.; Seer, tarv an. 1 Trea.snrer,' 
 John S. Wise. 
 
 Loc.M, MicTnons oi' 
 
 ii.wsi'oirr.vrioN. 
 
 I'ntil the Trillion Horse railn.a.l was e.aistru.te.l. (he iiMial methiMl nf 1,,,-al trans|,(,|-ta(ion 
 throu.uh the eity was hy the i)roverhial '•haek,"' the onmihiis or earria-e. In that halcyon |,erio,| 
 •' hefore the war." the hotels fre(|nently operated a line of 'hii.-^ses to anil fioni the State street deput 
 of the Caiiiden .111.1 Aiidioy r.iilr.i.id. Inasnm.h as tli.' lart^.r h.il.'ls w.av l.i.ati'.l on W'arnn str.'d. 
 it lat.r li.vann' .'vid.'nt that this system had its ilisa.lvanta.ues, paili.-ularly .lurin.ir the se.S'^ion of the 
 l..-islatniv. The L'rowth .if th.' manufa.'turin.ir int.'rests of Trenton, and her jMilitieal pr..ndn,'n,-e. 
 mad.- th.' town a .M.'cea for husy men. 1 n.ivasi'.l railr.ia.l faeililies and rapi.l transit hioke up th.' 
 ol.l syst.aii .if th.' memh.'rs of th.' Li',nislatur.' i-em:iinin;4 in Ti-.nt.m .liirinj: an .■iitire sessi.ui. Kvrw 
 as early a> th.' si.xti.'s, tli.' memliers would each .lay return to ih.ii- h.Jiiii's. The .listan.'e of th,. 
 Capitol and th.' h.it.'ls from th.' old Stat.' strivt stati..ii. an.l from th.' n.-wer Clint. m street station, 
 was a -reat fa.'t.ir in the grantin.i;- of .'..rpor.-ition pri\ ile-.'s t.i Ih.' iii.-..rp.irators of the Tr.'iiton Ih.rse 
 railway. Tin' eity had also sprea.l out into what was th.'ii the farm lanils of Millham. an.l th.- 
 .seeti.iu east of Clinton aveniii'. This p.ipulati..ii ha.l to hi- m.iv.'.l t.i and fro. in iVLiar.l to th.' 
 e.'iiti'r .if th.' t.iwn. 
 
 With th.'S.' l'n.l^ in view th.' h.'^islatur.', up..n the ninth day of .Mai'eh, IS.",!), uranted a ehartei' 
 to the Tr.'ut.m Horse Railroad Company. The ineorp.irators w.r.' Timothy Fi.1.1, Rohert .\iikeii, 
 William .M. F.iree, Lewis Perrine, Th.imas P. J.ilm.s(on, .h.nath.'in S. Fi^h. Charl.'s .Moore, .loseph 
 Whittakei- and James T. Sherman. 
 
 Th.' ihai't.r |ir.iviil.'.l f.ir a I'apital stock of S:;(),0(|ll. '|'h,' mut.' for th.' nnlr..a.l w;is t.i he 
 thr.iii.^h Clinton an.l Stat.' str.'.'ts, fr.im th.' n.irtlicastcrly to th.' w.sl.'il v limit,- of Trenton, with 
 hraneh or liranchi.'S to the railroad .lepot or .l.'p.its. The si/,.' .if ih.' I'.'iil to he us.'.I was t.> he 
 m.idele.l upon those then ein]iloy.'d hy tic I'"iftli and SCxtli Street I'asseiiiier K.iilwaN' ( 'ompan v. 
 Till' new eiiipoi'ation was iirohihited from usim; st.'am upon its tracks. 
 
 The onliiiancc of the city, jiasscl July 'iSth, ISC,;!, shows irreat ehaiiLrcs in m.'th.i.ls .if trans- 
 portation in the last thirty years. Council izavc the roa.l the pri\ileL.-.' .if hniiiir a track fr.im ihi' 
 iiortheastci'ly to tlie westerly linnts of the city, throu-h Clinton an.l State streets, and from the 
 feeder l>ri(l,tre to Ferry street, on \\'ai'r.'n -Irc.'t. Th.' tra.k was to h.' .",.2 jrau<je " ptived with iroml 
 111 millers," the motivi' pow.'i' t.i h.' n.i oth.'r "' than hoi'se or mule. " Xo cars were to he pci-milted 
 to run on Sun. lay an.l ■' h. 'lis of pro|ii'r size an.l tone to notify passeiij;ers =■■ '■■'■ * of the approach 
 oftlieear>' » ere to 111' attai'h.'il t.i till' horses. The s]ieed of the cars was limited to six miles per 
 h.iur and the fare was live cents. Xe.i;lcct of the company to run I'ars fm- a period of threi' m.mtli,- 
 was il.'cmcl a f.irfeitiire of privilcL'cs. The city .'.lul.l tlii'ii opcralc the I'oa.l or rent the tracks. In 
 ISS;; till' company was authorized to .'.mstrii.t a .louMe track from th.' Clint. m street station to 
 their western t.'rmiinis. 
 
 The r.iail at its heginnintr extended from the Clinton street station, via Clinton and State streets 
 to a ]i.iint op]iosite the residence of Charles ( I. Roehlini.', l"".s(|., and was later hnill to the eastern edge 
 of the Montgfiniery estate, to ;iccommodate West State street and I'r.ispe.'t hill. .\ short hraneh 
 (;xtendi'd from State street to the American House, which was later ahandoned. 
 
 In [''.'hruary, 1880, the Common Cotnieil of Chamhershurg authorized the Trenton II. use rail- 
 road to extenil theii- tracks from the terminus at the Clinton street station to the smitherlv limits of 
 Chamliersluirg, miiipying Clinton street. In l"^■llrnary, 1SS7, the horongh permitted the eonslnict- 
 ing of a horse railroad on l'ros])ect street and Ilannlton avenue, and in Dccemlicr, |SS7, gave 
 permission for the huilding of the Hamilton aveinie, .Momnouth and I']ast State street hraneh. 
 Since this period the roads U])on Haid<, Willow and Spring streets and upon Princeton aventie. as 
 well as the Fast State street extension to the Inter-State Fair grounds, have hcen luiilt. 
 
 The City railway was incorporated in 1S7") under the general law, the lirst ctirs heing rini in 
 August, 1S7(). The early history of the City company is one of great enterprise, inasniueh as it was 
 the first effort to directly connect the growing suljurhs of Millham and Clianiliershurg. 
 
 s 
 
13S 
 
 TIIK CITY OF TIIKNTON. 
 
 \'>v orilinaiuc. u|)i)ii the first <l:iy nf Kcln-iuiry, ISTO, this company was cniiiowcrcd to (■onstruct 
 a liorsc lailroail tlinuigli Clinton stiri't, tVoui the city limits to I'ciry street, thoncc to liroad, tcr- 
 minatinL' at tlic ChamlxTsliui'i; liorouuli Vnn: At tiiis time tlic hoi-oufjli {^ranted jxiwcr to tlic coni- 
 panv to extend tlieir line from the canal to the southeasterly limits of the horoULdi. In tiiis they 
 occiii>icd Hroad street, formerly the western end of the Crosswieks and 'i'renton turn]iil<c. 
 
 In Oetolicr, l.S7(i, the City railway was cnipowerccl to extend its tracks from I'i'rry street to 
 Warren, thence to Ferry street, thence to Bridge street, thence to Centre and thence to the lands of 
 Dr. .1. P. Turner (near I\iver\iew Cemetery). They were also autliori/.ed to comieet tlieir Uridge 
 street tracks from Centre to liroad sti'eet. In ( )ctoher, ISS."). the City railway had a further oidi- 
 nanco jiassed for tlieir henelit, extendinj^ tlieir line fi'ipin Uroad street throUf,di Bridge street, thenco 
 to Centre street, thciiee to Lalor street and thence to the |)ela\\ ai'e ami I'aritan canal. In ISSda 
 further ordinance liave them power to Imild a road on llainiltoii a\enue. In this year the horough 
 ()f Chamliersliuru' exteiide(l the City i-ailway's frnnehise to .leiinie street, Hudson street, J'^lmer 
 street, Chestnut avenue, Ciinimings avenue. Coleman street, with a s])ur through Cuminiugs 
 avenue to Division street, to ear shells ami slahles. 
 
 .\t a later period the Trentiiu Horse raih'oad p.-issed into the hands of Colonel Lewis I'errine, 
 who sul>stituteil elcc'tricity for horse-power. This was in IS'.Il'. He ae(|uired control of the City 
 Hailwav Com|>anv in IS'.ll and consolidated the i-oads on Septetnlier -'Idth, IS'.ll. undei- the name of 
 '•The Trenton Passenger IJailwiiy Company (Consolidated)." The lii'st ixpiiimental tri]i liy 
 eleetricitv was made at 1 1 i^JO r. .M., on .May '2.'2i\, 1S;)2, from I'^red. Walter's corner to Olden avenue 
 and to Perry street. 
 
 Tlic Ivist Tr<-iiton end of the road was opened foi- Im-iness ^^ay 24tli, PSil-J. The comiiauy luis 
 no standaril of coiisti-uctiou. The pi-esciit management is as follows : Henry C. Moore. President; 
 Thomas C. llari-. \"ice President; .lohn P. Kusei\ Secretary and Tn^asiu'cr ; the Dirc'ctors lieing 
 Heiirv C. ]\Ioore. Thomas C. ISari-. .lohn P. Knsei-. Ferilin.and W. PoeMing, Iv .1. Mom-e, .hmatlian 
 lUackwell, .\ntliony I!. Kuser. 
 
 Cndci' the ]ir<sent management the tnution company has won the coiilidence of the jiuhlic and 
 has, in its preparations to extend its lines into new territory, awakened a vast amonnt of local 
 interest in the development of the suhurlis. The road at present is well equipped and well conducted. 
 
 
(MIAl'TKli XXI 1. 
 
 I'ri'.l.iC IXSTITITIOXS. 
 P(isT-()KFin-: — Stath IldrsK, Liiujakv axp (Iimcat Skai.— Statk SriK.oi, k<ii; Dkak-Mutks 
 
 AilsKNAI. AM) StaTI; l'l;IS<iN — ^T VIK I M )rsTl; I A I, Srilnol, Fill; ( I 1 1; l.s — M i::;, KK ('(irXTY f'(iri!T 
 
 House — State Xhk.mai. ami MniiKi. Srii(i<ii,s — Mashmc Tkmim.e — '.'itv IIai.i, — St. Fkaxc is. 
 
 Mercer A. \ I > (.'ity JldsiTiAi.s — State Hospital i-di; thk I.vsane — Oim Fki.i.hw-' IlnMK 
 
 Y. M. ('. A. — W. ('. T. r.— Tayuh; Ofkua IIi>rsE — Inteh-Statk Faii; .\s<niiATi(i.\ — Vsxis 
 l.\iiu.<Ti!i.vi. lld.ME — Xi:w .Jei;siov ('iiii,iii:i-;n's Home S<h'Ikt\- — Criv .Viaisikusi:. 
 
 
 I!I''X'PoX"S piililir iiistitulidiis, \i> tlic \isit(ir, .-irc imlccil a source of n-i-caf nttnictioii. 
 'I'lir (':i|iil(.l haviiiii' liccii located in tliccity in 17'.M, a |ii'i'ioii loiiii' licforc philan- 
 tln'opic and |icnal cstalilishnicnts were in any sense a |iart of State lifi>, 'I'reiiton 
 otTci-cd convenient sites for liuililin,i;s wlieii sucli institutions were erectivl. The 
 nicinoi-ies wliicii cluster aliout the State IFousi', Uw Ivi^yptiaii liicrojflvjiliics upon 
 tile facade of the |ii-isoii, the a)-chitect uial heatities of the various schools, the 
 classic front of the Couil House and fhehcanty of the l'"cderal liuildinLr. not to 
 mention tlic in'oumls of the Xoi-mal and Mode] Sch.Mils and the Asvhuii. are 
 aniouu the most interesting ohjects of the citv, jiarticularh' after the custoniarv 
 visits to till' potteries and tin' iron works. 
 The introduction of the jiost-ollice system in the vicinitv of Ti-cnton was due to the philan- 
 tln'opy of \\'illiam I'eim. The settlers on hoth sides of the |''alls wi'i-e in r'lose association, and 
 western liurlinuton and eastern i Sucks practically mii;ht have hceii in one Province. In the '' l-'riemls' 
 Miscellany" (A'ol. VII.. ]>. 2!)), it is stated that the (juaker leader issued, in ir,s;;. an order for the 
 estnhlishmcnt of a post-olHce, rc(|Uestini; I'hiiieas I'cmliei-tcin carefully to pnhlish the information on 
 the mc'dinij-linii.-<c diiar ; that is, on the door of the /irinili' house in which tlu^ Soeietvof I'^riends 
 were accustomed to meet. It w.as usual for h'ricnils setlli'd ahout the l<'alls toassemhieal tlu' houses 
 of William ^'al■dley. .lames Harrison. I'hincas I'cmlierton, William iiiles and William llcakes. 
 
 Xo delinitt' system of mail distrihntion had y<'t heeii inauuurated, and the letters were usually 
 sent hy some trustworthx' carrier from Philadelphia or .\mhoy. Xo el.alioralc system of stamps, 
 post-marks or si'alini;- had liccn devised. This early post-ollice was indeed a very primitive alT:iir. 
 " P>oston jc-i>"" These are to ;;ive notice. That IJei- .M.ajesly in reiranls to the i^reat ICxpense She is 
 at in maintaininff the ('orrespondence h\- Letters ln'twccn !'"ni.dand and Ili'r Planl.-ition-Islauds in 
 America and for tin' further improvement and hciii'lit of Tr.adc, llalh settled Packel-jidats for the 
 West Indies— 
 
 "This is likewise to j.'ive Xotici — .\ll ]iersons Correspondini: with Xcw I'"ni:land, Xcw ^'ork. 
 Jersey, Pensilvania. Maryland, \'iri:inia, Cardlina and lli'rmuda. may have liicir Letters to the 
 Res]>eetivc- (iovenuneuts })Ut U|) in liai,'s apart, — 
 
 "These are also to givi; Xotice, That Letters will lie taken in at the (lemial Post Ollice in 
 London. dire<'ted for New Enj^iand, Xcw ^'ork, Xcw .lersey — ^on the same Post niu'lils as those for 
 the Planlation-Islands." — " P.oston X<avs Letter," Octolier, 170."). 
 
THE CITY OF TKKXToX. 
 
 Tho " Xt'W York (iazctto" (July lilst, 17^2) siKaks of thu (icneral Post-Odicc as liaviiifr been 
 estal)lislie(l al)out tliiity-eiirlit years previously by Colonel Ilaniilton, of New Jersey, rostmaster- 
 (leiieral Alexander S|>()ts\voo(l extends the serviee to W'illianisburg, Yirginia. 
 
 An alistrart of net ])asseil in the nintli of Anne, from the "Boston News lA'tter,"' January 
 •JStli-Feliruary -Itli. 1711. relative to (lir •• Kstahlishinir of a (ieneral Post Olliee for all Her 
 Majestv's Dominions."" shows the foljuuini.' rati'S for all " Letters, Packets ite. to or from any 
 Piaees lieyonil the Seas : " 
 
 s. <1. 
 Siniih' (■) 
 Douliic 1 I) 
 
 Treble 1 (J 
 I, Ounee 2 
 
 s. (1. 
 
 Sintilr 1 
 
 'roni Pertii Ainboy iV I'.riilliiiiitnii to any Place not cxceeciintj; (il) iCnulisli .Miles J l)mil,l,. o s 
 
 and thcnei' back aiiain 1 'I'l-,.),!,. ] () 
 
 [ Oniicc 1 I 
 
 From .\nr Yuri; to I'liili AiiiIkh/ ■.u\i\ lli-idliniiton [Uurlinuton] anil from each of 
 those Piaees to New ^'ork and from .New N'ork to .-iiiy Placi' not cxcccdini:- 
 KH) Kniilisli Miles and from each of those Places to New ^'urk 
 
 I Single (I (i 
 
 I"|-(ini Peith .\mboy ami ]>ridlin<:tnn to any Place not exceedin'/ 100 I-jiL;li>li J Ddulil,. 1 ii 
 
 .Miles and thence back ajiain Treble 1 (i 
 
 Ounee 2 
 
 The first notii'c of the establishment (if a jMist-oHice at Trenton, which has yet conie to the 
 at tent inn of the w riter. is in the ■■.\merican Weekly Mci-ciiry."" Se|itemliei- .■)lh-l l^th. I 7."> I. Therein 
 a ■■Pllblick Notice"" is tiivcn of a liost-olhce •■settled at Triiilnu at the llnllse of .lii^ijili li'nil Ksii ; 
 his Sou Aiidriii- Hail lieint; aii|iointei| Post-Master." .\nili'e\v liccd liad already (|ualiliei|, and was 
 eni|io\\ eicd to deliver Icttci's to all persons, if the missives were "directed foi' that Ciiunty."' The 
 inhabitants could '"put in their Letters directed tnany Parts and iluc cai-c will be taken to send 
 them."" 
 
 Prolialilv the lii'st advci-tiscmcnt of micalled-for letters at Trenton post-oHice. is under the' date 
 .Marcii 2.")tli. 17o"), an<l is as follows: ""William t'arnejiie, near h'iiKjs/nn ; .bilm Clark, ( .Vttorney, ) 
 TrciiUiii ; John Hyde, llnjiciicll : Joseph ^lorton, PrhiirUnrn ; Richard Patterson, J'riiirctoini ; Jolni 
 Stevens, Jiockii Hill : Ares Yanderlielt, Miii(l( iiIikkI. 
 
 " Letters not taken up within three nmnths from this dale will be sent to tlie (len(>ral Post Olliee 
 at Philadelphia."' 
 
 The town of Ti-enton slnwly i;i'ew as a mail distributimi center. Hurim; the Pevolutinn 
 .\braham Hunt was Postmaster, and from this city were disp.atchcd some of the post-riders, 
 es]ieciall v those hired by tlii' Legislatui'c to carry the ntlieial conniiunications of ( loxcrnor LiviuLrston 
 and the Council of Safety. The a lit In 'lit ic records of the Federal Post-( )thce date fi'om the year 1 7'. 10. 
 
 In 17!n there were only six ]iost-otlices in the Stab' of New .lersey. and these were at Newark, 
 I'Jizahethtown, Pridiretown (now Uahway), New Brunswick. Princeton and Ti"enton. The amount 
 of reeeijits for the year endinj:- October ."itii. 17'.U. was S580, of which sum the Postmasters received 
 810S."2(), leaving S421.. Si) as the net revenue. I)urinsr Cieneral WashiiiLitiin's Presidenti.-d adnnnis- 
 tration John Sinjier receive(l the aiipoiutnient. Tlu' olliee at this time was kept in a house nu the 
 corner of Warren and Hanover streets. 
 
 JIajor Peter Cordon had his office at the cornt'r of State and Wari"en streets. Major (!ordon 
 retained the olfiee only durinir part of .lefTerson's administi-atinn. when, having received from 
 (iovernor liloondield the a]i]iointmi'nt of State Treasurer, ]\v at once resigned the oflicc of Post- 
 master, and Charles Rice was appointed. He eontiiuied the office at the same jilaci' where Major 
 (iordon had established it. He remained in olfiee durinj; the administrations of James Madison 
 and James Monroe. 
 
 In the year 1S21, a new a])pointment was made in James J. Wilson as Postmaster of Trenton, 
 in 1S"24 Mr. Wilson died, an<l his wife served out his term of olHcc. She continued in the ofliee 
 tmtil Cencn-al Jackson"s seeond term, wlien Josciih Cunniui^ham received the apiiointment on tlie 
 
tllK (TTV (")F TIlKXToN*. 
 
 141 
 
 third ilay nf Jaiuiai'v. 1 s;',."). Dmin- ],\^ irriii tlic dlHif wa-: kept in lii> nun IkjIl-c upon thr spuf 
 (iccilpicil l>y till' lati- William IImIi.ih ami .Idiiallian lilarkwcll as a whnlcsalc Lirncri-y. llr held tlic 
 ofHco durin,a- part of Jacksun's last term and Martin \'au liurcirs sintile trrni. 
 
 Dr. Jdlm ^[rKrlway rniiovcd his i,{\\rr {n the Imildinu nii W'c-I State stl'eet next til tJie 
 .Meehanies National Hank, .h.siph .Instiie kept the pusl-olli.c in the liriek iidiise on Warren street 
 wliere .Tames .1. ^\'ils(ln had l'..nneily servid the eilizeii^. .hihii S. Mi-( 'ully's nlliee was (in East 
 State street, midway hetwceii r,iiia<l and Warren, <ai thesonth sidenf the-lnit and <-. mtiLMKins tu 
 tile nil! Mansion Hnii-e. |-',i|- a U'W iiMaiihs William .\. r.eiij.imin kept his nlliee wliere Mr. 
 MeCnlly hail it, when it was m.ived ti> the City Hall. '{'he ulliee was ke[it hy .Id.sliua Junes 
 on Broad street, jnst helow 
 State, and at one time on the 
 corner of ^\'arl■en and Front, 
 Frederics. JMcXeely moved 
 the office to Taylor Hall, 
 where it was eolltiinied h\' 
 Israel Howell. Fpon the 
 completion of the (iovern- 
 rnent Buildinji tllemiL;l•atory 
 cllaraeter of tile olliee ceases, 
 and it heeomes a permanent 
 institntioii. The (ioxerii- 
 iiieiit lUiildinu. located upon 
 the corner of State and 
 Montuoniery stn^cts, was 
 completed at the time of 
 the C'eiitennial aimi\ei'sar\' 
 of the indepenilellce of the 
 rnited States. A conn li- 
 ons strnctnre of uri'at archi- 
 tect urnl heanty lits the 
 
 1 mil dint; for the transaction of all the hiisiiiess of the rnited Stati's. Here meet the k'edcral Histrict 
 and t'ircnit I'onrts. with apaitmenls fm- the rnileil Slates l)islricl .\tloniey, M.ii-,-lial. Clerks and 
 for juries in civil and criminal cases propciK' I riahle hefore the l'"eileral .1 iiiIlics. .\ii electric elevator, 
 liood ventilation and lifrlitini;" make this a model hiiildini; of its type. 
 
 The followinfi- is an accurate list of the I'ostmaslers of this <'ity, as fnniished hy the I'ost-Ollice 
 1 )epartiiieiit : 
 
 O'sTMAsrKu. n.\Ti: 111- ai-i-ihn im i:n r. 
 
 .lohn Sin^rcr, Fehrnary H'ltli. IT'.MI. 
 
 I'eter (hirdon, ...... Sepiemlier 'Jolh, ITU'-'. 
 
 Charles liice Xovemlier -iStli, lS(i:;. 
 
 James J. Wil.soii Man-h I'-Jd. Is-_>1. 
 
 Jane Wil-on \n,i.Mist 7lli. IS'JI. 
 
 Joseph Cunnin.uhani, ..... .laiiiiary -'Id, \X-'>-i. 
 
 Jolm McKelway, luiie ITtli, \s4± 
 
 Josojih Justice, .lulyHlh. 1,S4:{. 
 
 John S. .\h-Ciilly \].ril •_'.'.tli. ISI'.I. 
 
 William .\. Henjamin .\pril tiih, 1 S ■'>•"., 
 
 Joshua Jones \pril ITlli, l>>iil. 
 
 Frederic S. McXccly Oelohcr 1-J(h, ISCC. 
 
 Israel Howell F.'hrnary I'stli, is; |. 
 
 Clnu-les H. Skinii, Fehru.iry L'Tlli, ISS.",. 
 
 Eck ford .Moon • I )ceeiiil.er .'M, ISSC. 
 
 Akx. C. Yard, May Ttit, ISXM. 
 
 Frank H. I.alor, April oth, IS'.M. 
 
 T'lsi-oi- 1- III-: Bi'ii.niN';. 
 
142 
 
 THE CITY OF TIIKNTON. 
 
 Frank II. T/ilor, inx'sciit Postmaster of Trenton, was horn A)iril (itli, ]S.}2, on tlu^ old Lalor 
 homestead. When a hoy lie located in Ohio, whert' lie attended the |iuhlii' schools, and in ISIIS 
 was graduated from the IIii;h Scliool at Tnleclo. lie returned to 'rreiitipii and took a course in the 
 
 Model Sciiool, |ii'e|iaratorv for collejfe. in 
 the fall of ISC)',) he entered the So])hoinore 
 Class at I'j-inceton ('ollei.'c. ;.'nidiiatiii.ii: fi-oiii 
 that institution in 1S72. .After conipletin;r 
 his college course he entered the drilt: husi- 
 ncss with Mr. (i. .\. Man-old. In ls7l .Mr, 
 Lalor ciiLiaiicd in husiness for himself, juir- 
 chasinii- a half interest in the wholesale drufj; 
 cstahlishnient of (leorgi! F. \\'ilson, lie is 
 now proprietor of two stores, one on the 
 I'orner of South TJroad and Market streets, 
 and one at N'o. I '_' N'oitli Warren street. 
 
 In ISSM .Mr. Lalor was elected a mcmher 
 of the IJoard of Kdueation. and was I'resideiit 
 of that hody duiaiiL;' the years ISS.") aiid IS.SIJ. 
 In jS'.KI he wa^ niailc City Su]ierintendcnt 
 of the pulilic schools, in wliicli capacity he 
 served four years. In IN'.M he was a|)pointi'd 
 Postmaster, a position foi- which he is well 
 i|Uali(icd. ^ir. Lalor is ."^cci'etary of the 
 LiidL^c of i'',lk,-, a positiiiii he has successfullv 
 lillcd for several years. lie has hccii Pi'csi- 
 ilelll of the .Mercer County Wheehllcli for 
 two vears and a jironniii'iit nienihi'i' of the 
 Xatioiial (Inard since 1.S72, having served 
 nudci- C.iptain P>elville in Company .\. On 
 Novemlier -JOth, ls7'.l, Mr. i/dor marrieil 
 ,\mia L. Titus, daughter of tln' late P.. \\". 
 Titus, of 'i'reiiton. He is oni' of the most puhlic-spiriti'd nicu in Trenton, and the many positions 
 of iioiior he h.as so successfully lillcd have never hccu sought hy him personally. 
 
 Fjiank H. LAi.'tlt. 
 
 Thf. S'rATi-: ilorsK, 
 
 In sjiitc of the ri'commcndatioiis of (lovenior Livingston in his message of Septcmlier, 1771), 
 to the end that the Capitol of New Jersev he conveniently lucatcd, no defmite legislative action was 
 taken on this suiiject until Xoveinhci- Kith, 17'.ll, when a hill was introiluced in the House of 
 .\sscml)ly, entitled ■■.\nait to ]irovide ^uitahlc luiildings I'oi- tin- acconuiiodatiou nf ihi' Legislature 
 and puhlie ollieers of this State," 'i'hi' old I'^ast and ^\'est .Ii'rsey feeling ero]iped out in the elfoi-ts 
 to have New Pirtmswick and Woodhury inserted in the [ilaci' of 'i"r<'ntoii. This was to no avail, for 
 on the twenty-fifth of Novcmhcr, 17'.'n, the seat of Slate government hail hecii fixed .at Trenton. ( )ii 
 Novemher 2'2d, 17'.M, .loscph Cooper, Thomas Lowery, .Iani(>s Kwing, Maski'll Lwing, Ceorge 
 .\nderson, .lames Mott and Moore Furman were a|ipointei| c'ommissioners. with power to purchase 
 or accept such <|uantity of land at the scat of goveinmeiit as they might deem |iiii]ier for the use of 
 the State, They were authorized to draw on the Treasurer for any sums not exceeding L'l,.")l)(), 
 and were furthermore cmiiowered to accept grants of money fo|- the purjioses aforesaid, 
 
 ]>y a report of a committee of the House and Council, made one year later, it appears that the 
 commissioners received £3,500 from the treasury of the State, together with £12 ids. received from 
 sale of articles helonging to New Jersey. There was ohtaineil from the inhahit.ants of "i'l-enfon and 
 the vicinity, hy suhscripition, the smii of £.'>07 l^s. (Id. iu cash, togcthci- with land .-ind materials 
 for huilding, to the value of £o40 !)s. od. 
 
 It was fo\ind that the commissioners ha<l expcndeil £;?,<S20 I'.ts. oAd. on the State House. 
 
TlIK CITY OF TRKNTON. 
 
 143 
 
 Tho State House, as ereeteil liy tlie ennmiissidiiiTs. stuncl u|i(iii the ln| iiccii])ic(l 1)V the iircseiit 
 i'(litice. Delaware avenue was iidt laid out until snnir ycai-s lain-, wluii tlir street was donated to 
 till' i-ity of 'I'rmtou li\ rx-l'iiitrd Slatrs Sriiatni- ( lan-it i ». Wall. ..f i;ii|-|iiii;ton. 
 
 The wliole front nf tlir Stair Ilousr jut is twii liinidird and fortv-si'\ rii fn-t six inelu-s im State 
 strret, and the wlmlr dr|itli fi-iau State Strrrt t<i li lU -w atrr mark is six iiundrrd and sixtv feet. 
 
 Thr whole land contains tlii-rc and tliiiT-i|U.irti'i' aci-cs, and thr nitirr cust was H^'iO os. 
 At tliis iiiriod thf Sceri'tary of Statr and Cli-rk uf the Sui>niiir Cmn-t were jirox-ided witii st'parate 
 ofliees. at a rost of il.'SlO, as a conmiitti'r rr|iiiii df XoMnilirr llh. J7'-l(;. shows. Urnjaniin Sniitii 
 was thr runiniissionci- a|i)Hiintrd to nrcl these iilliccs. Ily IT'n; tin- m-ivinal Statr Huusr was 
 
 linishrd at a fuithn rust iif UT'-".!. In 17'.!'^ .M ■■ Fuinian imlu^cil the Stair llini^r lut. and in 
 
 IT'.lil a hrick ))a\rii]rnl was laid annnid the idilirc ( )n thr fnnrlli of Nci\rnihri-, ls(l|^ a Irui.^lativr 
 riiiinnittrr ir]i(irtrd that |iainl on thr | ila I I'l in ii, h.anislris, lirHVx' and windows, \\itli iirw str|)S, was 
 nrrdrd, at a cost of $'i(H). Dnrint;' thi' year lS(i:! thr inhahilanl- nf Ihr riiy of 'I'l-riitim <;i-r:ill\- 
 aniiiiyrd thr Leu;is]ature, as the follnwinu resolution liy the (Irnrial .\>Mnilil\' will ^Imw : "Thai a 
 ronniiittrr hr a|i|i"intrd 111 in(|nirr iiilu thr raiisr and rimihirt iif Ihr mull assmililrd ill Ti'ruton in 
 llir niiinth of Feliruary last, and also liy wlmsr dirrrtinn m- .-iiiiiji ilialinn thr Stair llnusr was oceu- 
 piril as a hall rooui ou thr Itli nf .Inly, and nf thr rint in Trriitnn in -aiil iiionth, and whrtiirr thr 
 niati'istratrs of Trmton used all dnr diliucnrr in sn|i|irrssiiii; said di-nidrr- ; and likrwisr whrthn- 
 anv and liow many nf thr |irinri|ial inhahitants of said tnwii. as far :is ran lir asrrrtainnl. apprarrd 
 :it thr timr to a]i)irnvr or disrountriianrr surll rnnihlrl, .111(1 thai lliry |-r|i(i|'t tn this house their 
 n|iiniiiu thereon, and what mrasurrs, if any, would hr |ii(i|iri' in niilcr in |iir\(nl such disnrders in 
 the future ; and that the enn unit tee have |inwer to send for sueh e\idriiris as thry think in'ct'ssary. " 
 
 The first lei;islative aetion praetieally estalilisliini; custodians of the State House was ]iassed on 
 the tenth of Novemlier, ISO.'!, and doiilitless was su.uiicsted hy tlii' nliiin\i(>u> hall nii 1 nde|Hiidenee 
 |)av nf that year. It was thru 
 
 " /i'i"x()//7y/. That on thr ad.ionrnilirnt nf thr Ir^li-lat lirr. Ihr rlrrk- nf .-is-riiihly and .Mnnre 
 i-'urnian, ]'>i|., ol' either of them, he |-ei|llesled Intake ehari;e nf the Slate limine, with dil'ectinns 
 llnl tn |iermit it tn he iiei n|iied fnl' any nlller |ilir|inse than for ihe arrnlill latinll nf thr rnllstitUtrd 
 
 aiithnritirs fnr which it was rrrrti'd.'' 
 
 Xnvrlilhrr lltll. a rrsnlutinll was passed liV liotll Houses, lilaeillL: the Slate llnUSe vard ill Ihe 
 
 care nf James .J. Wilson, reserviiiu Ihe use nf the Imildin.ns in said yard for the necessary occasions 
 nf the ollieers of lioveminent. .lames .1. Wilsnii was Clerk nf the .Vssenilily. 
 
 in till' earlv part nf the |ireseiit cenlniw when the hiiislators remained permaiieiilh' in Tieiilnii 
 durin.u' tlie session, ami when the legislative hniiis were ImiLi and the |e^islati\-e week iiiclnded six 
 days, the meniher- of Cniineil and .Vsselnhly were called tn llieir diilirs hy ihr riiiLiini:- of a lirll. 
 (Ill .Maivh .'id. lM)li. a law was passr'l a ppniiil inn rnmmi,~>innris In make rrrtaiii rrpairs tn thr 
 State House and to provide and lian.i;- a suitalde hell. 
 
 l^])on Noveuiher Hd, 1.S07, the eoniniissioners repoited 'that the repairs had heeu made anil a 
 hell weij.diinf; oSl pniinds had heen hiniii." 
 
 In 1S4S, the Capitol was altered hy the removal of the roujilieastiuf:-. TJu- " l>ef,dslative 
 .Manual " thus deseriJM-s the ehantres : Neat pnrtieix'S were placed nxcr tlie front and rear entranees, 
 and two additional hiiildiiiLjs. adjniiiiii'j Ihe main niie, erected, as ollices for tlie Clerks of the 
 Chaueerv and Sujirenie Coui'ts. The rolnnda was also erected, and the urouniis fence<l, jiraded, laid 
 out and shade-trees jilanted, all at a cost of .S27.000. The comniissinners umler whose directions tlie 
 work was eomjileted were Samiirl I!. (Iimimere, Samuel I!. Ilainilton and Stacy A. I'axson. In 
 ]S(;,'.5, 1S64 and ISfi.^, ajipropriatiniis were made and expended in Imildini: additions for the Stale 
 Tihrary, Executive Chaniher, iVc. In IS7I, Charles S. Olden. Tlmmas .1. Stryker and Lewis 
 I'errine were a]ipoiiited cnmniissiniiers In cause a suitalile ailditinii In he Imilt — nmre eonunndious 
 a|iartnients for the Senate and .\ssenihly, iVc. The stun of .S.V I. ( «K ) was appropriated, and the 
 linildin;;s for the I>e,L'islature were ready for occupancy in time fnr tlie mcetini,' of the Le.uislaturi' of 
 1.S7-J. In 1.S72, Sl'2(),()0() was a|.|iropriated fnr inmplelini; the huildiii-x, .S."!,<«K) for littin.« up tli.' 
 Executive Chaniher, .SI. 00(1 fnr lilting' u|i the Chancery and Supreme Court rooms, and .S'_'.(MM) for 
 littiuf; U]i the oflices on the llrsi llnor nf ihc' lasl wiiii;. In lS7o, the sum of 84.".,()l)() was appro- 
 priated for the iiiiprovemeiit of the fmnt of the huildinj.', eomplelin.i,' unlinislied repairs and 
 iniprovements and for littint; up the Lihrary, >Vi-. On .March ISth, 1.S7"), tiie sum of 81."),0()U was 
 
144 
 
 THE CITY OF TRENTON. 
 
 a|i|in>iiriatcil I'm- tlir |iiiriMisc' nf jiuttiiij.' a lU'w llirci'-sldrv fidiit Id the luiildiiij.', and In lit up iilliccs 
 on till' sirtmd llnm- fm- tlic Clerks of tlii' Court of Clianrcry and Suprcnic Court, and I'oi- |ii(i\idiim' a 
 suitalilc museum for ueolouieal s]>eeimens. Tlie liattk'-llaj:s of New Jersey volunteer reiiinjeiits, 
 eai'i'ied duriuj; the War of tlie Kelielliou are tastefully arranged in oak eases in the central hall. The 
 n4unda is heinji devoteil to the jiurposes of a State |iortrait gallery. 
 
 On ^h^•eh 21st, ISS."), the front |portioii was destroyed l)y lire, and the Legislature a|i|iro|iiiatcd 
 Sod.tll'C f'lr rehuiMiuii', and, in IS.SC), an additional appropriation of .S22o. ()()() was gi-anted. 
 
 The new liuildiiii: was hnished in ISS'.I. It is of reetant;ulai- shape and of the Uenaissanee style 
 of arehiteeture, with a frontauc of one hundred and si.xty feet on State street, a dejjtli of sixty-seven 
 feet, an<l tlu'ee and a half stories hiiih. with a rotunda thirty-nine feet across, wliieh connects the 
 new section of the Capitol with the oriirinal part. The rotunda is sui'iuountcd hy a tiilded dome one 
 hundred and forty-live fi'ct hi;.di. 
 
 The iiuildin;,r is constructed of ^(>lid lii-e-pi-oof hi-ick masonry, faced with Indiana oolite, with 
 l'o\mdations and trininnniis of New .lersey freestone. The portico and halcony arc supportcil hy 
 ma.s-iivc pillars of polished irranite and are surmounted hy th<' coat-of-arnis of the State. 'J'lie ollice.s 
 are tliorouuldv eipiippi'd and to each suite is attach<'d a tiii-proof vault. 
 
 The old State l.iluary apartments arc now ociilpii'd liy the .\tto|-ncy-( Icncral, .'^talc Super- 
 intendent of I'uhlic Instruiiion. Commissioner of I'lankiuL: and I nsurance and the State l!ui-cau of 
 Statistics. In I'^'.U. owinti lo the many in<cin\ cniruccs of thi' room, a new Assendily Chamlur 
 was erected, and necessary improxcmcnts wci-c mailc in the Supreme Court rooms and tlic Cuuil of 
 Errors and .\i)peal^. The new AsscmMy Chamlier covers the site of the former room, and has a 
 frontaii'e of one h\m<li'cd and Iwcnty feet on Hclaware street and a depth of si'vcnty-fivc feet ; is of 
 lirownstonc. fi'om the Sto<kton (juarrics. and the trimmiuLrs of liLilit Indiana sIcjuc. The intci-ior 
 is linished in Trent tile, ((Uartered oak and Italian statuary marlile. It is a lire-proof huildinti 
 throughout, and is specially ventilated. The committee-room> aic ample and coii\euient. 
 
 The other new a<ldition to lh<' Capitol prii\idcs a consultation-room U<v the .Indices of thi' 
 Supreme Court and the Court of Errors ami Appeals and a pi'i\atc room foi- the CoviaMKpr. a room 
 for the Museum of the ( icoloiiii'al Survey, and otlei' ollii-cs. 
 
 An electric li.uht apparatus was also placed in llie Capil<il. E\ cry di-parliiicnt in the ImiMinu 
 is now lighted hy electricity. 
 
 A new Otis elevator in the front part of the huilding gives easy access to all the u|ipcr llooi-s. 
 
 I'mo .^'lA'ri': Liia; m;'. . 
 
 rpon tlu' eighteenth of Marrh, IT'.M'i. hy resolution. Masked Euing. Cleik of the House of 
 Assemlilv, was ordered to prociu'c a case, to keep and preserve the hixiks lielonging to the l,(gis- 
 lature. On l'\'hruary l^th. ISO], William (,'oxe, of Jku'lington ; I'^zra Darhy, of I'lssex, and .lohn 
 A. Scudder, of Monmouth, were appointeil a Conuuittee on Itules. In t-atali>guing the lilirary. they 
 found one hundred and sixty-eight vnlumcs. In 1 "< 1 •">. tin- lir.-l act was pa-^sed relative to the State 
 Lihrary, and in IS-J'i, for the first time, a joint nu'cting created tlu' ollicc of State I.ihrarian. Previ- 
 ous to this time, tile Clerk of the House had control of the hooks, .\ Law Lihrary Association, a 
 close corjioration, composed of niemliers of the har. kept their lihrary in the Su|ireme Coini room 
 until ISoT, when the two lihraries were consolidateil. 
 
 From time to time, vai'ious a]ipro])riations have heeii made hy the Legislatiu'c towaril ijaa-i'asing 
 the numher of \-olnmes. .\t the pi-cscnt time, the sliclves contain one of the hest-sclccted law 
 lihraries in the Cnited States, the sets of early ICnglisli re]iorts heing ]>articularly eom])lete. The 
 law and equity reports of the vai'ious Stati-s are also extremely comprehcnsix'c. (.)ne of the most 
 perfect sets of (f/l the I'nited States (lovcrnmcnt I'eports yet collected is here fotuid. .\ \alualili' 
 series of hooks relating to the industrial arts — particularly tliat of pottery — was ohtained through the 
 interest that ex-(!ovcrnoi- ( leorge I!. Mi-Clcllan evinced in this matter. I'eference-hooks, Jcrsci/aiin, 
 State and local histories ar<' inilcxcil for pnhlic consultation. In IS'.K). the present well-lighted 
 lihrary, excellently managed hy the efficient Lihrarian, Colonel .Morri> L. Hamilton, was opened. 
 It occupies the entire third-story front uf the Capit<il huilding. 
 
The city of tiientox. 
 
 145 
 
 Morris \\. IlainiltMii. i-^tatc l.ilirariaii, is a native of this State, havinif lieeii Imni at Oxfnnl 
 Funiaee. Sussex ((iiuity, May ijlJtii, l.S^O. llis father. Saiinii'l It. Ilainihoii, \va< (Juarterinaster- 
 Ceiieral of .W'W .lersey fur twenty-live years, and was a jMoniinent eiti/.en nf 'i'reiitun. lie traces 
 his ancestry tu .h'hn IJaMiiltuu. wlmwas {'rovineial ( ioNenini- uf this State frimi IT^li to 17-J7, ami 
 to An(h-ew RoticMiu. who was Sui-veyor-( iema-al of tin" I'l-ovinee ,at tjie same time. Tlie oi-iL'inal 
 iniiiiiifrants were residents of Scotland, whemc tiny emii^rated to .\merica ahont ITHO. 
 
 Colonel Hamilton was educated at the 'rreuton .\cademy, and |jre|iared for colleL;-e at the 
 Lawrenceville Classical and Commercial lli^h School. In ]X-)'.K he i;i-adualed fi-om the ( 'olleu'e of 
 New Jersey, limnediately aftei- com|jletin'i his eollci^c coiu'se. he coimiienced the >tudv of law 
 with his father, at Trenton, and in IMl' lie wa- admilteil to the l>ar. I'oi- two \-ear> hi- was engaged 
 ill the practice of his profession in Camilcii, New Jersey. From 1S4 I to fSJ'.l, h,' tilled a ])osition 
 in the Philadelphia i(f>st-oflice. 
 
 A desire for literary life led him to resign his clerical ])ositioii •■ind accept the j)osition of cditoi- 
 of the "True iVinerican," juihlislieil in this city. This was the connncnccmcut of a sui'ccs^ful and 
 hrilliaiit newsjiaiicr career, lasting over forty y<'ai-s. In ISo.'l. the " 'Pnie American " was sold to 
 Judge Xaar, who hccaine its editor. ( >tlicr positions wci'e .at once oll'ereil Colonel Hamilton, and 
 he has since l.ieen coiniected with several prominent dailies, hoth in the l^ast and W'e-t. 
 
 Governor Fort a]i]iointed hini on his personal statT, 
 with the rank of Colonel, and he served in that capac-ity 
 from 1851 to 1.S54. On Fehruary 27th, ISSI, he was 
 elected State Lihrarian, and since has held that posi- 
 tion. He is the most thoro\itihly i|Ua]ilied Lihrarian 
 that New Jersey has ever hail. His large exiierience 
 in general literary work and his extensive knowledge of 
 law are invaluahle to him in his jircsciit jxisition. 
 
 Colonel Hamilton, although well advanced in years, 
 is a very active mail, ami is still a familiar figure in 
 ])olitical and social circles. He is |iromineiitly con- 
 nected with Concordia Lodge, No. -1, I. ( >. O. 1''., of this 
 city, and is a Mason, hoMing his niemhership with 
 Lod^c No. 1">. of Camileii, New Jersey. 
 
 In lN4t, Colonel Hamilton \vas mai'iacil to llariici 
 P. Halstead, of Newark, a granddaughter of Covci-iior 
 Pennington. Of his four sons, the eldest. Captain VA\\> 
 Ilannlton, of the Fifteenth New Jersey I!egiment. wa- 
 fatally wounded at the hattle of the Wilderness, and the 
 youngest, Harry, was widely known as an .\ctuary of 
 Insurance and translator of N'irgil and Saunders' Medi- 
 cal Hictionarv. His two living sons are (piite distinguished men; one of them. I'ritz. heiiig an 
 artist of rccMignized ahility, at Louisville, Kentucky, and the othci-, Frank, connected with the 
 United States Navy l)e]iartnient, at Waslnngtoli, I). C. His dauglitci-s, of whom he has three, are 
 all married, and I'csidc, one in .Newark, the other two in this citv. 
 
 MOBRIS H. H.VMIl.TON. 
 
 (ilJKAT Sic.M. oi- Ni:w Ji:itsKY. 
 
 The ollice of till' Secretary of State, at the Cajiitol, contains the original (!reat Seal of New 
 Jersey, togetlu'r with the resolution |iroviding for its adoption. The ]ires(iil (!reat Seal was ordered 
 hy the (ieneral Asseiiiply and Council, silting in Princeton, Scjttcnilicr (ith, I77<). 
 
 On Octoher od, 177C), Francis Ilopkinson, the "Signer," was ordered to employ a jiropcr 
 person in Philadelphia to ]irepare the silver seal of the State. This symhol of Slate authority was 
 to he round, two and one-half inches in diameter and three-eighths of an inch thick. The arms 
 were three plows in an escutcheon, the sujiporters Lihcrty and Ceres and the <rest a iiorse's head, 
 with the words "The Great Seal of the State of New Jersey. 
 T 
 
146 
 
 THE CITY OF TIIENTON. 
 
 IIii|ikiiis(>n consultc'il with tlic :irtist-arclia'i)l(i^'ist, IMcrrc Eutrrnc Dn Simitirrc. wlm. in Octo- 
 ln-r, 177(i, drew tlio drsi^Mi, 
 
 F(ir want of a |irii])ci- -^ymliiil uf sovcrcitinty. tiic ]irivati' arms of ( nivcrnnr \\'iliiani l.iviniiston 
 wi'lH' used as tlu' (ircat Seal of Ni-w .Icrscy from ( Ictolici'. 177<i. to Mav. 1777. or ilnrini:' llic |ici'io(l 
 wliilc the |>rcscnt (ircat Sral of tiic State was in tlir hands of thi- artist and cmiiavci-. 
 
 IScyouil douht. till- Statr lias no ollicial motto, and tlic woi-ils "j.ilicrly anil l'ros|ii lity " 
 arc sini]ily cX|ilanatory of tlir sn|iiiorti'rs. I'rrvions to thr |iii--rnt rrntnry. a \arirty of mottoes 
 were usiil. 
 
 Nkw Jkhsev Si'iiooi. I'oK |)i:Ai--.MrTK.s. 
 
 The New Jersey School foi- 1 )(.>af-Mntes occupies the coimnodions l)iiildin}f and grounds for- 
 merly lieloniiinir to the Soldiers' Children's IJonie. at the coi'iier of Hamilton and Cl lest nut a\enues, 
 ahout a nnle and a i|iiarter from the State (.'apitol. l!y an act of the I-cgislature, a]iiiroved March 
 
 Nkw .jKKSllv .Srihi'ii iiiK 1 ii: \i ^n I lis. 
 
 .'ilst, INS-Jj this ]iio|ierty was set apart for its present use, and a lloiird of Trnstees, cousistini;- of the 
 (iovcrnor, the State ('om|itroller, the State Superintendent of I'lililic Instrnition and eiulit other 
 jicntlcmen, was a])pointed. 
 
 The huildin.us and grounds, nndei- appropi-iate IcLiislation, have heen impi-ovcd to meet the 
 (U'niands of the school, which was o]ieneil, with ninety |iupils, in ISS.'!. The ohject of this institu- 
 tion is to i^ivc to children thus alfiietcd a know Icd.iic of the En.t.dish lanuuauc in its written and. if 
 jiossihle, in its spoken form. 'I'his knowleili.'e, e.\ce])t for such institutions, woidd never he 
 ac(|Mired. The pupils arc instructed in the laidinients of an En;:lish education. Tlie\- are 
 also trained to acquire such a decree of Liciici-al intclliL:ence and of manual dc\terit\- that tlie\' mav 
 hecome sclf-supportiuu' men and women. Their ti'aininii also enaliles moral forces to he hi-oui;ht to 
 hear ujion them, with the effect of raisiiii;- them from a condition of moral irrcsponsiliilit\- to the 
 h'Vcl of respectable citizt'us. 
 
 Of this .school, ^\'c■ston Jenkins is Principal, with an cllicicnt coi-ps of insti-uclors in the various 
 departments. 
 
THE (iTV OF TIIENTOX. 
 
 147 
 
 Till-; First Ni:\v Jkusey Statk I'kison. 
 
 Prrvidtis tu tlic yrai- 17'l7. tlir State ]irisiiiicf.s wcfc kr|il in tlic (•(Uiiity jails. 'I'iicsc wore 
 listially ]Mi(>ily-\riitilatr(l, ill-li;:lit(Ml. (iisrasi-lifeediii.u ilistit iitioiis, wlnrc ni-ii ami wciiiini wcfc 
 thfdwii ti'iicthci-. witliciut fclriTiicc Id sa iiitatinii < n' 11 lofals. .M unlriMas, ilninkarils. cnuntcrrritcrs, 
 
 tliifvcs, ] r ilcl.tnrs, idiuts and lunatics met iipdii a ronininn lc\i'l. 'I'm nnirdv this evil tlir 
 
 J.c.nislaturc laiiscd \n lie erected a |irisdn, w liieli has U|iiiii its IVniit the follnwinii- iiis(a-i|iticiii — its [nir- 
 liose thus succinclly explained : 
 
 T. Allot;, SiiJCNcic, ri';NiTi-;N('i-:. 
 
 Till-; l'l•:.^■n■l•;^•Tl.\l;^' Hinsi-:, 
 
 Ekiccticii I!V r,i:(;]si,ATivi-; 
 
 Ariiininrv. 
 
 Kn iiAiMi llow i:i,i,. (i<ivi;i;.\(ii,'. 
 
 I\ TIllO XXII. VIOAl; III-' 
 
 A .M i-:iMrA N 1 N I ii-;i'i-:.\ i ii-:m k, 
 
 MII((X( A'll. 
 
 That Timsi-: wiiu ai;i-; Fi-;ai;i-:ii 
 
 i-'(ii! TiiKii; ('i;i.Mi:s, 
 .May i.i-;ai;.\ to i-'i:ai: tiii-: I^aws 
 
 AMI 1!!-; rsKFlI,. 
 
 Hic Labor, Hoc Oris. 
 
 TlIK AllSKNAl,. 
 
 .Tonathan l)oane, fathi-r of l'.isliii|i l>iiaiie. was the liuild<r. The ni.-iin laiildinu "as aliout 
 eighty ieet front liy two hundi-cd h-i-t dei-|,, huilt ol' .gray sandstone, and, with its walls of like 
 material, i-ovircd ahoiit thri-e acres of uroiind. 
 
 The wall, which c(iiii)ilet(-ly iiK-losi-d the m.-iiii edilici-, was ahoul twenty feet lii'.:li. It was sur- 
 mounted hy a wo(id(-n roller, the entire leiiglh, into which were driven sliar|i iron spikes, for the 
 preveiition of the esca|ii' of jirisoiicrs. 
 
 In till- center of the wall, and on the top, ininiediatelv opposite the main huildiiiLT. was c-rected 
 tlie ,<ruaril-house, so arranged as to o\ei'look tin- entire premise^. Then-in a sentry kept cuntinua] 
 watch. Solitary i-oiilini-meiit was unknown. 
 
 The rapid increase in the )iopulatioii of Xi-w .Ii-rsev and the general overspreading of the 
 criminal classi-s led the Legislature to ahandon tin- old huilding and i-n-ct a new one within a sipiare 
 of the first (-ililice. The messag(-s of (ioveriiors X'ronni and Southard gave an inceiitive to the mat- 
 ter, and upon the coniplction nf the present prison it was proposed th.it the old one In- converted into 
 an arsenal for tin- safe keeping of the arms and militarv |iro]ierty of the Stale, which, previous to 
 that time, had lii-i-n kept in the old State Hank, corner of Warren and Hank streets, 'i'lii- aeeoiiter- 
 meiits and camp and garrison eipiipage had heeii stored at the State House. .\fler the removal of 
 till- State convicts from tin- old prison, |iermission was given to the county of .Mercer to occupy it as 
 a jail until their jail, then in course of conipletion, was finislied, and when if was again vai-aU-d it 
 was eoiivi-rted into an arsi-n.-d. 
 
 Tin: l'i;i-:si-:.\'r Stati-: I'kison. 
 
 This massive structure, in the I-lgNplian style of arcliileeture, is huilt of lowing red sandstone 
 and is situated on the lilm-k inclosed liv I-'cderal, Thinl, Cass and S(-coiid streets. Il is one of the 
 finest institutions of its kind in the (-ountry. Its erection was anlliorizi-d hy an act of the I,egisla- 
 ture, passed February l-'ith, IS."!;;, anil it was (-om]ileted in the year l>>-".l), having one liundred and 
 fifty cells, at a cost of ahoul -SI SI ),()()(). 
 
 The main Imilding is the residence of the Keeper. I'rom the "Ci-nli-r" several wings, con- 
 structed at various times, radiate north, soulli and wi-sl. 
 
14S 
 
 TlIK CITY OF TRENTOX. 
 
 From time to time the prison ha? l)ccn enlar<re(l, and altliouirli tliere is not sufficient room to 
 all'ord sejiarate conlinenu'nt for each ])risoner, as recniired l)y law, tlie jirovisions of tlie act are cai'- 
 ried out as far as jiossilile. I'ndcr tlie lion. .lului 11. Patterson, Keeper, the rules and regulations 
 now in force have brouijiht the internal afl'airs of tlir institution, as to <'lcanliness, discijiline and 
 vielualint;, to a much hijiher standard than was ever hcfore nachcil. 
 
 On March -Ith, hS-lT. S-"),0()() was a])pro])riatcd to huilil an additional winir to the orifjinal 
 huildini:. Oii March "ioth, ISoo, Sir),()00 was jiranted for the cnction of a lu-w winj; for hospital 
 pui-poscs. On Mai'ch '22d, IStJO, the sum of S17,(H)0 was voted for llic |]Urj)osc of huildinjf an 
 additional win<; for cells, and on Fchrnary Kith, ISUl, a further sum of -S'i.'i-I^J.Ol was a])i)roi)riated 
 to complete the same. On April Kith. lS(iS, i^li, ()()() was ajipropriated for the hnildinjr of an addi- 
 tional winu', to ]irovide room for female convicts. .\n act passed .\pril l!il. iMi'.l. pi'o\ided for the 
 .•i]ipointiiicnt of commissioners to exteml the liiMund^ of the piismi to the wall of the State Arsenal, 
 to huild an additional wing and worksliops, and made an appropriation of §.")(),()()() fur that 
 l)Urpose. and in the same month $i),7-")4 was ajiiiropriated foi' tlie purpose of completing the wing of 
 the female departiiieiit. On .\pril Itli, |S71, the siiiii of !<7"i.l II 10 was ap| jropriateil for the ]jur]ios(i 
 of completing the new or east wing, and on .Vpi'il Ith. \S~-2. a furtlier sum of !?2'S, 7<)() was ajiiiro- 
 priated for the eonipletioii of the same. March iid, 1S7-1. sp_>,(l(i() was \dted for the construction 
 
 of gas works for the sujijily of 
 illuminating gas for the ]irison. 
 On March 8th, 1877, the sum 
 of S10(),{)00\vasa])iiropriate<l for 
 the enlargement of the ]irison 
 and the purchase of a hurial- 
 groimd for deceased convicts. 
 The north wing was remodeled 
 iiiit of this last appropriation, 
 and a liurial-ground purchased. 
 The imiirovcnieuts to tlu; 
 .\ew Jersey State Prison now 
 under way are calculated, in a 
 great degree, to further the 
 etliciency of this institution. 
 There is a new cell-house, one 
 hundred ami sixty liy forty- 
 eight feet, huilt of stone. TliO 
 cells, of which there are four 
 tiers, will lie liuilt entirely of 
 iron and steel, with concrete 
 lloors. Of these cells, two hun- 
 dred are live feet wide, Sevell feet long, and scVell feet high. The two rows of cells will have 
 lietwccii them what is calk'il a "utility corriilor," which contains all the gas. wati^r. air and 
 sewer pipes. 
 
 A hospital, in the sha| f a (Ireek cross, two stories high with haseinent, ami huilt of hrick, 
 
 will have ahoiit two thousand four hundred sipiare feet on each llodr. This ImiMing is divided into 
 three wards, with accommodations for aliout sixty patients. There is to he a dispeiisarv and operat- 
 ing-room, nurses' room, dining-room and store-room. This hospital will he as coniplete in all its 
 details as modern ap]iliances can make it. The w.anls can he completely isolated should occasion 
 reipiire. The huilding will lie connected with the new cell-house hy a covered jiassageway. 
 .\ new iron gate will he set in the wall, near the southeast tower, on Third street, 
 '{"he ]ireseiit hospital over the "('enter'' will he used as a chajicl, which has long heen needed, 
 and for which it is well adapted. 
 
 The erecti<in of these new huildings will relieve the present crowded condition of the prison, and 
 will make room for many needed iniprovemcnts, which, when completeil, will place the Xew Jersey 
 State Prison on a jiar with any institution of the kind in the country. 
 
 In excavating for the foundation of tlie new wing, a sujicrior quality of clay-gravel was found, 
 Avhich was used on the streets around "Prison Square," making them ecjuul to any in the city. 
 
 ':^^^ 
 
 ThkSjwtk riu.soN. 
 
THE riTY OK TltKXTOX. 
 
 149 
 
 l)uiiii,i: tlir nine years flinl Mr. I'attriMin has licni Krc]irr nf the |i|-is(Jii tlicrc lias liceii no 
 
 lii-catli cif scanilal nv siiiii of \vr'iii.i;(l<iinif ; tin' staiiiliiiL! of tlii' |iri.-oii lias lucii raisi-il, |iunisliiiieiits 
 
 lia\c' lircMi k'ssenwl. almscs aliolislicil, niulit schools c^tahli-hcil, conxiit- ticatid as liunian heinf^'s, 
 
 ami all inovcniriits that tcmlc-il toward the i-croriiiation of thr convicts have rcccivcil liis cordial 
 
 co-operation. 
 
 .loliii II. Patterson was hoiii in .Middlctown 1o\vnslii|i. Moiinioiith coiint\-, .\c\\ .lersew in 1S84. 
 
 He is the son of Hon. .lames Patterson, who jiicsided over the State Coiiiicil ( now Senate; nmler 
 
 (iovernor Pennington. His grandfather, .hhii Patter- 
 son, was also a nieinher of the State ('otnicil. 
 
 Jehn Patterson was tairollcd in the ('oniineiital 
 
 ai-iiiy at the age of eighteen, just prior to the hattle of 
 
 Moiiiiioutli, and served initil our inde|ieii(lcn<-c was 
 
 declared. Janies Patterson was in the War of ISfi'. 
 The suhjeet of this sketch was raised on a farm, 
 
 and now owns the homesti'ad fariii, which has tiecii in 
 
 jHissession of the family for six generations, located on 
 
 the lianks of the lieautiful Slii-cwslniry, opposite Pcd 
 
 P>aiik, and is one of the most charming and hcalthx' 
 
 locations in the State. 
 
 In 1852 he went to California and engaged in 
 
 mining, also "jiacking" goods across the mountains. 
 
 He returned lionie in ]X'>7 and engaged in farming, 
 
 oysteving and freighting on vessels. He was ahvays an 
 
 ai'deiit Demoerat, and to<ik a prominenl part in the 
 
 various eani}iaigns, doing ycomaii ser\icc foi- his parly. 
 
 Ill ISCiS he was elected Shcritf of MoniiK iiitli eoimly. In 
 
 1S7'_' he was nominated for Congress. In 1S7I hi' was 
 
 elected Doorkeeper of the House of Pepreselltatives, at 
 
 Wasliington, I). ('., receiving c\'ery \(ilein the House. 
 
 Ill lS7'i hi' returned to his farm, on whidi he was ipiii'lly eiigageil until issc, when he one day 
 
 received a telegram to nicel the ( lovernor's messenger at lied liank, which he did, and was handed 
 
 his eonimission as Keeper of the State Prison, which was the lirst intimation he had that his name 
 
 had hccii thought of for that 
 position. In IS'.)], li,. was 
 re-appointed. His term will 
 expire ill IS'.IC. Mr. Patter- 
 son is one of the commission 
 on the new huildiiig for the 
 Slate Prison. The citizens of 
 New .Jersey ean ]ioiiit with 
 conmiendahle ]i r i d e to the 
 management of this institu- 
 tion, wliii'h is not excelled in 
 this eoiintrv. 
 
 Tin: Sr.\ri: l.Nnis'rui.vi, Scnocn, 
 
 I'll I! ( illJl.S. 
 
 rpon a farm of eighty 
 acres, ill ICwiiig lii\viislii|>, near 
 the city of Trenton, is Ineated 
 the Slate Industrial School for 
 (lirls. A siihslaiilial hiiilding, 
 
 .I«'HN II. I'aI 1 Kit-.. IN. 
 
 ' ' ■ f , ' r* ' 
 
 THK ST.VTK iMifSTItlAI. SclliHtt. KDIt OjKT-H 
 
 Well ('(piipped. aci-oiiiniodales the persons selileliced under the ad of .\pril 'llll, 1S71. PrcviiUls )ii 
 the erection of the new huildiiig, the School Was located at " Piiic (iruve," a large mansion, in 
 
loO 
 
 Til 10 CITY OK TRENTOX. 
 
 Soutli Trenton, overlookinji the ]X'la\vare river. Tliis litiUsr fdrniirly Ijilnnux-d to Jo.-epli Bona- 
 parte, ex-King of Spain, who estal)lisliecl lii.s Imnie in IJordentown (luriiiu tlie early decades of the 
 
 pri'sent eentvn'v. The school 
 for "rirls is condncted liy a 
 r.oard of Trustees and Lady 
 Manafiers, of which the Itcv. 
 (leortre ('. Ma<l(lock, of Tren- 
 ton, is President, and Mrs. 
 Marv A. M( l''a<lden is Matron. 
 
 Tin; Conrr TIorsE. 
 
 rpon the forniatiiin of the 
 county of Mercer, the Court 
 llon>e and annexed Surro- 
 trate's and Clerk's ollices were 
 coinnienced. These were lin- 
 i>lied in 1S.")1). These edilices 
 w<'l-c huilt of stuccoed hrick. 
 in the Grecian style, at a 
 cost of $70,000. (Iranite stei)S, 
 with a liascnient of sandstone, 
 ai-c features of these structures. 
 The Clerk's office has i)een 
 
 Mkhckk Cocntv Corirr Hoi-sK. 
 
 l)urint;- the past half cciitui-y, many chanties have t.-d<en |ilaii 
 connected with the main huildiuL;-, and a second stoi-y h:is hecn constiaicti'il. This i;ives a large 
 room foi' the nieclinu' of tlie Board of Free- 
 holders. A liri'-proof vault for county records 
 has heen aildcd to tin- Clcl-k's ollice. The old 
 jail is now usually devoted ti> the icceplion ot 
 Cniled Slates ])risoners, whilst a new jail. 
 witll <-ells in douhle tii'l'S. has lieell erected. 
 .\ lioiK'r ami cook-house, willi a large side 
 room, have heen add<'d. The i-o\n't-i'oom lin- 
 heen recently removed, and a consulting-room 
 has heen added thereto for the convenit'nce of 
 the .lustice of the Su]irenie Court in circuit and 
 the Law and Lay .halges. 
 
 Tnic Xkw .IiciisEV State Noiim.m, 
 A.Ni) MonEi, S<'iiooi,s. 
 
 These famous eilucational instiluli<ins are 
 locateil upon the S(|Uare hounded hy I'errv. 
 Monmouth and South.ard streets, and Chiiton 
 aveinie, containing a wicU'-spreading campus 
 on the north and south of th(> schools. I'pon 
 the east side of Clinton avenue ar<' located the 
 l)oanling halls. An act of IS.'j.^ estahlished 
 these institutions, wherein the jun'])ose of the 
 Normal School was delined to he the training 
 and education of its jiupils in such hranches .i.imes m. oukkn. 
 
 of knowle<lge anil such methods of teaching 
 
 and governing as will ipialify them for tcai-hers of our connnon schools. The Model School 
 was designed to lie a place where the Normal students shall have an opportunity to oljserve ami 
 
THK CITY OF TUENTr)X. 
 
 151 
 
 pmctic<> tlic iiimli's (if instruction and (lisci|ilinc inculcatrd in tiir Xonnal Scliodl. and in wliirli 
 jiupils may In' |irr]iai-c'il for thi' Xnrnial Sciiuni, Sini-c is.")."). \\,r .Mnilri Sciiciul. wliilst still nscd 
 fur such iiurpuscs. has widcntMl its c-ni-i-irnluni. in rccnit years the .Mudrl triadualrs. |irc|iarrd fur 
 university or (■(illri;c, lia\-c ranki'd wilh the Imnur ^tmlcnts nf thi' in(i>t faiiKins |ii-r|iaratiir\- schools 
 of the United States. The Normal and Mudcl arc co-i'ducatioiial institutions, sii))|)ort a lunnliei- of 
 literary sociclii's. uf widcli the oldi'st is the 'riii'Mcanic, sustain a scIkkiI papci-, '' The Siiiual," now 
 ten years old. maintain active athletic and musical oi-^anizations, and an alumni association 
 founded in lss',1. 
 
 The original cost of the liuildiie^s and Liinnnds \va- .^ 1 •")."). 0(11 1, now increased to 8-"!.^0,( )()(). In 
 lSi)() new huildiujis were li'ccted, and in IS',).", the uynnia-imn was ciini|ilefed. makiuir the schools 
 thoroudily e(|Ui|i|icd. lUninu the yeai> .-incc is.")."), tl,,. Normal \in< Lii'aduatcd l,7.")(l students, 
 whilst the .Model has anioUL;- its alumni and alnnina', men .and womi-n who have heeonic ]irominent 
 in State ati'airs. The Mo.ld 
 l^ehool and tlic IJoardiiii: Halls 
 are self-supiiorting. The Nor- 
 mal School is aidi'<l liy a §2S,- 
 000 annual a])i)roi)riation from 
 the State fif New .lersey. 
 
 The I'rineipals of the 
 Schools havi' heen William F. 
 Phelps, l,s.").")-lS(;.-> ; .lohn S. 
 Hart, 1S(;.")-1S71 : Lewis M. 
 Johnson, lS71-lS7(i : M'asli- 
 in.titon A. Haslirouek, ]S7(;_ 
 liSSy, since which time .laim - 
 M. Green has sia'Ncd in thai 
 ca])acity. I'l'. -lames .Monroe |'. 
 Cirecn was horn at Succa>uniia, 
 ^Morris county. New .lersey, 
 
 Au-itlst L".ltll, 1S.")1. After 
 
 pa.-^sinu- tlirouiili tin' disti-ict 
 
 school at his home, hi' ellteled 
 
 the New .lersey State .Model 
 Scliool and later the .\e\\ 
 
 Jersey State .Xm-mal Scl 1, 
 
 jzraduatiiiL: fi'om the Lit lei- in 
 1S7(). 
 
 l'"or one year he tau.i;ht 
 school at -Morris Plains, New 
 Jersey, and three years at 
 Lf)nfl Branch- H(! then en- 
 tereil Dickinson ('olleiic in tlie 
 full of 1.S74, and after two 
 
 years in that institution was called to the P]incipalshi|) of the Poiii: I'.ranch lliirh School. Willi 
 rare andiition he completed his eollcfre course as a nou-i'csident student, and received his houorarv 
 dcfirees. He also pursued a sjiecial non-resident coui'se in connection with the Illinois \\ esleyan 
 University, and received the de<rrees of 1>..\. and Ph.l). U])on examination. He has heen promi- 
 nently identilied with the educational interests of New .lersey for twenty years, and has served 
 on ninnerous committees, such as the School Law, and lias read many papers at Comity and 
 State Institutes. 
 
 Amonif the oMices which Dr. (Ii-eeii has held arc those of President of Xcw Jersey Stat<' 
 Teachers' Association, in ]SS]. and Pnsiilent of New Jersey Sanitary Association, in IS.sii. 
 He represented Xew Jersey in Xational Department of Superintclideuce at \\'as]iini.'lon, I). ('., 
 in 1.SS7. Upon Oetoher Sth, ]S7S, he married Caroline Estclle Morris. They liavc two ciiildnn, 
 Lucile an<l Pavard ^fonroe. Dr. Green is a mcmher of State Street .Methodist Episcopal Churi-li. 
 
 'riiK Nkw ,M,\mini(.. '1'i.-,mi'1.|.:. 
 
152 
 
 THE CITY OK TRENTON. 
 
 TllK ^tlASONIC TkMI'I.K. 
 
 One cif the (irst attciiijits to Imild a ^^:l^(llli(• Hall in 'rii'iitmi was dii Maicli l.-i, iMiO. wlnn 
 the Masniiir Hall AssiiciatiDii of the city of Trcutoii was iiicoriioratnl with a caiiital stork of 
 8.')(),(H)(), (liviilcd into shares of S20 each. 
 
 Tlic coqiorators were .Jonathan 8. Fisli, David Xaar, ,h)sciil] JI. llou^h. Williaii] I!, l-'laiip, 
 .hihn Woolvcrton, Thomas .1. Corson, Edward W. Sciiddcr, Harper Crozer, William T, Nicholson, 
 Andrew Dutelier, Ellas Phillips, James S. Aitkin and William \V. L. Phillips. 
 
 The .Masonic Temple of the city of Trenton is a particularly handsome structure. LM-acinj; the 
 northwest corniT of State and Warren streets. The site of the Imildiii.u was pin-ehase(l for S6S,'2(X). 
 Ju tlie erection of the luiildin,L', jiarticular stress was laid upon these considerations: Proper 
 aceoniniochitions for the fraternity whose name the huildinji hears; the seeurinjr of the lar>;e.st 
 
 amount of revenue for the 
 outlay, and the erection of 
 an edifice that would he a 
 ci'cdit to the order as well as 
 an ornament ti> the city. The 
 plans of the structure were 
 desiiiued hy .\iihitect William 
 .\. I'oland, of Trenton, and tlie 
 \arious contracts were awarded 
 .May nil, l.S,S4. Ui)onthosix- 
 tceulh of .Inne, 1.SS4, the eor- 
 lur-slone was laid with iin])os- 
 iuLT Masonic ceremonies. The 
 huildinj: was occupied ahout 
 May 1st, l.S.S.j. The Temple 
 as it at ]iresent stands has cost 
 alioul ssd.iKiii, its alfairs heing 
 iiianai^cd l>y a stock companv. 
 The lirsl lloorofthehuild- 
 '\\][S is devoted to stores, the 
 coiner store heinu occupied hy 
 I'lritlou. the drnu'nist. The 
 second IIimh- is devoted to the 
 purj loses of the JIasonie Cirand 
 Ltxlge of the State of New 
 .Jersey. The auditoi-iuin. which is a lariic assemhly-room, is also the armory of Company \, of 
 tlie Seventh Re<,'inient. 'i'liis assemhly-room has also heen used for theatrical purposes and for 
 entertainnient.s of a .social character. Other Masonic hodies, local an<l State lodges, meet in the 
 liuilding. The uiijier rooms of the structure are dc\-oted to Rider's husiness college and the- gym- 
 nasium thereto attached. 
 
 Early Masonry in Trenton is directly associateil with the old Masonic Ilall, on ]-^-(int and 
 South M'illow strc't'ts. The corner-stone of this edifices was laid upon the nineteenth day of August, 
 17i).">, the structure lieing erected hy Trenton F^odge, No. •">, and owned hy this lodge until ISiii). 
 Sliortly hei'ore this ]ieriod Taylor Opera iiouse was completed, and No. ■") moved into the 
 lodge-rooms in that huilding. Since lS(i'.), the old .Masonic Temple has hi'i'ii ust^d as a place of 
 residence and for small store purposes. 
 
 llll'. 1)1. 1» ,\i.\.suMC 'rKMri.K. 
 
 TlliC C.'lTV H.M.I.. 
 
 The iiresent City Hall was huilt in the year ]S37. It was a three-story huilding, the mansard 
 roof iiorlion not heiiig erected until within the last few years. The State street side was devoted to 
 
TUK CITY OF TRKNTOX. 
 
 153 
 
 sturc!^, as, in IS-M, tho City Hall ('iiiuiuittrc wcrr iiistructcd (o rent (lie olliccs and rooms to such 
 lii_'o])lr as tlicv iniiilit (Ircin ))ro|K'r. Ily virtui' of the lirst rharti r i if tln'citw ilic >ravoi-. IJcrunli'i- 
 ami Alilrrnirn nf '{"rcntun were 
 euii>o\vi.'n.'il to hold a (.■onrt <if F 
 "(Icnrral (iuai'tcr Scssimis of 
 the i'rnci'," which provision 
 was soon repealed. In accurd- 
 ancc tlici-cwith, the Cnuncil 
 
 Chaniher was fltteil with a 
 
 f 
 Judges' liellch, which ixtended 
 
 along tlie O'll-th >ide (jf till' 
 
 rddiii, ami which was used l 
 
 until a recent |ierii"l. , 
 
 In the earl\- da\'s of tlic 
 ('it\' Hall, the hnildini: eon- 
 tain i^d n hi i-ge asseinlilau'e- 
 niiiin. w hich was used f(i|- puh- 
 lic meetings, lectures, ■■shiiws" 
 ami ex h i li i t i iins. At tins 
 lici-i(i(I. the '■ salddii, " as it was 
 calleil. di\ided the IliUKirs 
 with 'l'em|icranc-e I [all, Ta ylnr 
 ()|ii'ia Iliiir^c nut lieing huih 
 mitil ISCT. 
 
 .\ Herat inns liavi.' 1)een 
 maile in the arrangements nf 
 the City Hall, alth.iugh the 
 general (lutline (jf the huilding 
 remains as it was fifty years 
 ago. In ISSo, the facade of 
 
 the huilding was reiiuvated, and the furmer |Hilice stati<iii. mi the north of the edilice, was deviiled 
 t" iitlici- munici]]al |iur|»)ses. At a later time, the cells were tui'ii (lUl. as the entire [lolice system 
 had liecn li'ansferred to the (Central I'l'ccinct Station. 
 
 yv. v'- fl 'I _^ 
 
 li i 11 1 J 
 
 
 -iss 
 
 
 i"ll"fWIB»| 
 
 
 r4m^\— 
 
 TllK ClTV Uat.i., 
 
 St. Fka.vcis llnsi'rrAi,, 
 
 SI. f'r.incis Hiispital was estahlislieil in the year IsyO, the foundati<in-stone for the lirst huilding 
 hcing laid on ()etnliei- |.")tli nf that ycai'. 'I"he hospital was dedi<-atcd hy IJisliop C'orrigau on ,May 
 iilst, hsTh The grounds upon which the main huilding stands were purcliased for .S1,,S()(), from 
 Samuel K. Wilsdn. On the piu'chasc-moncy he ri'ccivcd >>■")()() in cash, and generously doiiate(l lli<' 
 remainder. 'I'he curner-stone of the chapel was hud on Decemher Slh, lS7i), and was dedicated hy 
 Bisho]! ('orrigan on March 2.')th, hS.SO. The rcmr.inder of the heautiful grounds that surroun<l the 
 hosjiital, were purchased in 18SS, for S20,()()(). In ISS'.I, on another part of the grounds, .sejiaratcd 
 fmm the main iiospital, St. Josejih's was huilt fm- contagious diseases. On .\]iril "i-'^th, 1S!I.'). tln> 
 c(jrner-stone', for the new wing in course of ert^ction, was laid hy 15ishop M(d'^iul. 
 
 St. Fnmcis Hospital was incorporated hy an act (if the Legislature of tii<' State of New .Icrscy, 
 ap])n)Vod i)y the Governor, at the ninety-seventh session, Fehruary 12th, IS?-'!. Since that time 
 almost 10,(X)0 patients have heen received at the hospital, and more than that nundier of outside 
 patients have heen treated. The devoted Daughters of St. Francis know no rest, and tiu'V are truly 
 blessed hy the siek and suffering throughout the State. No i|Uestion is a.-^ked with regard to religion 
 or color. Everyone's faith is respected and never interfered with. The jieople of Trenton have 
 always recognized the good work that this institution is doing. The Sisters hear testimony to their 
 generosity on every occasion that they appeal to Iheni. With a phil.mthropy worthy of their nohle 
 calling the leading i)hysicianH of the city devote their time gratuitously to the sick of the hospital. 
 
l.",l 
 
 THE CITY OV TRENTON. 
 
 Tlic luililc work thrv ilii is u suIiJitI dI' |n-;iise not niily ill tiiis city liut also in Nrw York and I'liila- 
 ck'l|)liia. Tlic ](rcs»'nt liicinlicrs (if the stall' arc ('(imclius Siirplirnl. .M.D.. I'nsiilciit of StatV ; U.W. 
 Mcdalliaril, M.D., Sctivlary, and Frank Cantwiil, .M. I)., Curator. .Mtcndinii Surjicons — Thomas 
 II. MrKciizic, ('. Slicpliii-d and V. W Caiitwcll. .Vttcndin'j Plivsirians — Riclianl R. Rotrcrs. Ilorarc 
 
 SI. rilAN' 1> Hi i^l-ITAI.. 
 
 C. X.irton and I'.. W. McCalliard. ( lynarolo-ist— 1 )r. II. C. Witlicrill. Omlist— Nelson B. 
 ()li|iliant, .M.I). Sincr its I'orniation Sisti'r M. llyacintli lias Krcii in i-liari:r. Tlir success fif the 
 lios[iital shows how well cvci'ytliiiii; has iirospcrcd iindci' lnr niana^iiiiciit. 
 
 Mkrcku Hosimt.al. 
 
 Mercer IIos|iital is located on nelle\ui' aveinic. in the western portion of the city of Trenton, 
 and is one of the linest huildinns of its kind in the State. The hospital was foi'iiially dedicated 
 upon the twentieth of March. IS')."). .Inst ten years hefore the clcdicatory services, a eont'erence 
 with reference to the estalilishnieiit of a hospital was held at the resilience of the late lloii. IJarkcr 
 (iunnnere, which in 1.S8.S resulted in a nioveinent toward the estahlishnient of a Protestant hospital. 
 A certilieate of oriranization of the "Trenton Hospital,'' hearini;- date Noveniher l!)th, was recorded. 
 The iiianaixenient of the hosjiital was vesteil in a Hoard of Directors consistiiiL' of Caleb S. Cireen, 
 Samuel K. Wilson, Edward (Irant Cook. \V. \\'.'l. Phillijis. Charles E. Creen, ^V, 11. Skirm. \V. 
 L. Dayton, R. P. Wilson, T. C. Hill, W. .M. I.,iniiin,i;-. W. H. ISrokaw, .T<ilin 11. Stewart, William 
 S. Yard, C. P. Britton, -J. 11. Blackwell. The Hoard of Directors, however, never organized. 
 
 The name of Dr. William W. L. Phillips, now Surj^eon of the National Soldiers' Home, in 
 \'ir<;inia, is ne.xt indissoluhly connected with the Mercer Hospital movement. In Fehruary, 1S'.I2, 
 ]Mrs. Louisa, widow of JIarvey Fisk, with her son. Harvey Ivlward I'^isk. made a proposition to aid 
 the enterjirise hy the conveyance of desirahle lots of land on Itellevue and Rutherford avenues as a 
 sitt! for the projiosed hos])ital. Dr. Phillips thereupon sent a circular h'tti-r to the corporation of the 
 Trenton Hospital and other jiersons interested in the matter. In response to this letter the followinLT 
 iientlemcn met at the house of Dr. Phillips, on March Sth, lNi)2, and organized a new hospital 
 corporation, under the name of the !SIereer Hosjiitnl : Vice Chancellor .John T. Bird, Dr. W. W. L. 
 Philliiis, Rt. Rev. John Scarborough, Rev. .John Dixon, Hon. William S. Yard, Samuel K. Wilson, 
 
Tiii>: ( iTv OF Ti;i-;.\"T()X. 
 
 155 
 
 >> 
 
 mwwn 
 
 
 IlL 
 
 1 
 
 rs* 'IPP' 
 
 wm' 
 
 mm- 
 
 ft 
 
 
 % 
 
 
 riiarlos E. Green, W. Tj. Daytmi, Iticlianl 1'. Wils<iii, l':inicr Iv (irccii, .Tolm II. Sruddcr, Samuel 
 S. W'el.her, Frank 0. I!ri.i;-,L:s, William M. Lannin^-. 
 
 The artiflcs nf incur] n iratii.n nf ilic .Mci-ccr li(is]iital wm- lllcd (]ii Api-JI I'Jtli, Is'Jl'. In .lamiarv, 
 ]S'.).'>, a letter was reeeivrd fium llar\cv i'"isl< ,V Sons, liy \\liicli tlir ln| nu ilcllrviU' avenue was 
 donated to provide a site I'ur "a [nililie li(is|iital, wliirli sliall lie lur all classes, without distinetion 
 of raee or ereed." 
 
 On the first Monday in Fel>runry, ISi);], the iirst annual meetinu, was held. 'I'lie finance eomniittee, 
 nn Scptemher lllth, ISit.'!, re]iorted .S20, ] lOsuIiscrihed in addition to land donaf<'d hy Mrs. Fisk's sons. 
 
 The location of the Mercer IIos|iital is adiiiiialijc, i-oniiiiaiidinn a w ide sweep of river valle\- 
 aljove the "Falls," and situated U|ioii a lid^^c of land, liii;li ahove the s ke and dust of the city. 
 
 So much of the liuildiuLfs as ha\-e Ikimi coiiipleled, li.ave Keen hnilt willi the int<'ntion of earrvin,ir 
 out what is known as tln' |ia\ilion sysleni, 'I'lie adminislr.ilion ImildinL;-, which now stands com- 
 pleted, will form a eentei-, from whiili, as necessity may I'cipiii'e. m- ns the fnnds ai'e contrihute<l, 
 wings or wards will he Imilt 
 e\tendini;' from it ami con- 
 nectinn with it hy what arc 
 termeil sii'vicc Iniildinu's. 
 
 The corner-stone of the 
 administration huildinii was 
 laid on Sei)temher 14th. IS'.l-'!. 
 with appropi'iate ceremonies. 
 
 The administration Imild- 
 inji is a very handsome strnc- 
 ture, seventy-one feel wide, 
 forty-four feet dci'p, and lifty- 
 foiu' feet in liciLilit. It lias 
 thi'cc stories and is <'onslrncteil 
 of stretcher red hrick, tiimmed 
 in the niodci'n ideas of oina- 
 mentatioii. .\ n i m |ios i n i: 
 port coehere guards the en- 
 trance, which is reached liy 
 a tliuhl nf l.road stc|i>. The 
 i)asement, which cxtendsunder 
 the entire huildini;-, will he 
 
 used for tlii' domestic service of the liousi'. It contain- a kilihcn, servants" i]inin,<.'-rooni, 
 matron's oliiee, reception-room, medical ho.ard, lihiar\- and trustee^' room, toLiclher with several 
 closets, instrument euphoai'ds and looms for niedii-al and smvieal supplies. 
 
 ( )n the second lloor are four rooms, each of which is furnished hy suhsca-iptions from the I'ri'shy- 
 
 terian, Fpiseo[ial and Methodist cliuivhcs of the city, and room furnished hy th<' Lawrenceville 
 
 Si-hool, On this lloor is also a children's war.l, liirni^hed hy Mr. W. L. Dayton and Miss Dayhm. 
 The diet kitchen, iiurses' room, matron's ro(iiii and waf<'r-closets arc also on this lloor. On the third 
 tloor are three wards, containin.i;- four |irivate heds. twenty-live ward heils and si.\ children's crihs. 
 
 The operatiuii-room is situated in the northwest corner on the main lloor. and has a tiled lloor, 
 with walls of -lazed hriek, and ,i;la<< on tlirc,' sides. The interior linidi of the huildiui: is in hard 
 wooil in the natural color. Throu.Ldi the .t,'cnerosily of the Fisk family a house on lintlierf.ird av(anie 
 i\ow hclon,t:s to the hos]iital, and use will he maile of it as occasion ri'ipiires. 
 
 The |iresent I'.oanl of Dindors is composc<l of W. I.. Dayton, S. K. Wilson, Charles I']. Creen, 
 v.. (1. Cook. W. S. Hancock, I!. P. Wilson, .lohn Scarh.>rou,i:h. .lohn Di.\oii, W. W. I,. I'hillii..s, 
 \V. II. .'^kirm. W. II. Hrokaw, F. (iyhhon Spillshury, W. S. Yard, II. II. Hamill, J. II. Seudder, 
 W. .M. LanninL^ It. A. Donni'lly, F. F. Orecn. 
 
 The medical and sur).'ical stall' is ma.le up as follows: Considliu'; Surjicons— Drs. U- <■• 
 WethcrillandC. IT. ?*lcllwaine. C'onsullin.ir Physicians— Drs. William FlmerandW. W. L. Phillij.s. 
 Visitin.^ Surgeons— Drs. II. M. Week.s, N. P.. Oliphant, .loseph P.. Shaw, I. M. Sheph.Td. .1. S. 
 Jamieson. VisitiuL' Physicians— Drs. C. F. Adams, W . S. Lalor, C. II. Dunliam, W. A. Clark, 
 H. G. Norton. 
 
 A^ 
 
 •^ 
 
 .Ann. If. Hcisi'ir.' 
 
156 
 
 Til 10 (ITV OF TRK.NTo.X. 
 
 TiiK TiiicxTDN City IldspiTAi.. 
 
 Undi'V tlio active iiit('V(>st taken liy a minilicr nf |iiililic-s]>iritcil citizi'iis. lnokint: tnwanl the 
 cstalilishiuciit of a liiis|iital, liicir clVdils were at last rcwai'ilcil. Al'tcr several years of ]ire])aratnry 
 laliDrs, the 'rreiiton City llosiiital was ineoriiorateil May 17th, 1SS7. Soon thert'at'ter, the incorpo- 
 rators (ipeneil ami eondueted a free dispensary at No. 7 North Stockton street lor two years. 
 During' the sueecssful o|ieralion of the dispensary, the neeil for a lios|iital was so apparent that the 
 ineorjiorators tratliercfl ahont them a Hoard of Manairers, for the purpose of estahlishinji sueh an 
 institution. After a shoi't time, a ]iroj)crty was ]nu'chas(>d on llrunswiek avenue, and suitahly 
 renovated and eipiipped tor hosjiital ]iurposes. The loealion of the lios]iital is ;dl that could he 
 desired, while tlie salul)rious surroun<linj,^s arc conducive to the comfort ami health of the patients. 
 The hospital was dedicated .June (Ith, IS.S!). Uejiairs hcinir comjilcted and a com])etcnt nurse 
 secured, it was ready for tlie reception of ]iaticnts mi .Novcmlicr 1st. l.SSi). Uurim;- the year, or up 
 
 lo Decemher 1st, 18iH), one hundred and tweuty- 
 thrcc patients were admitted to tlie hospital. 
 
 The propcrtv which was jiiu'chascd lielouL^cd 
 to William Jvins, Escpiire, and is a house of 
 the colonial tyiic, 40 .\ (iO feet, with eicht rooins 
 lor jialicuts and an opcratinii-room. 
 
 The following is the present IJoard of Man- 
 M'jers : .lose] ill ^'. Lanniuji, Eusenc S. Davis. 
 William A. W.'lls, Il(,n. Cc.r-v M. Koheson. 
 lion, llarloii 1!. Hutchinson, licv. .loseph ]-'. 
 Smith, 11. I)., licv. Ivlwanl .1. Knidit, Ross 
 Slack, Hon. .lohn W. Cornell. Kn-ene P.. Witto, 
 M.D.. Cci-v 11. P,,uls.,n, Rev. Charles II. 
 I'llder. I'l-iif. Thwnias l.andon. Colonel .lames S. 
 KiLii'r, Oliver ( ). Hownian. .lohn (iiiild .Muii- 
 hcid. Amos .\. Randall. Rev. (JcorLfc C. Mad- 
 dock, Rev.A\'illiam S. \'oorhis. Frank .1. Ejipcle, 
 Jacoh L. TTcroM. I'resiilcnt. I Inn. (icorgc M. 
 Roheson : Vice Presidents, Rev. E. .1. Kniirht, lion. Rarton P>. JIutchinson; Si'cretary, Colonel 
 .lames S. Kiircr; Treasurer. Imi-cuc S. Davis. Es(|uirc : Superintendent. Dr. E. R. Witte ; Su]ier- 
 visini; Nur.sc, Jfiss Ida F, Oilcs. The Mcdiinl and S\irL;ical Stall' is comiioscd of Suru-eon-in-Chief, 
 Dr. E. R. Witte; Visitin- Physicians. Dr. A. W. .Mkin^.n. Dr. A. S. Fell, Dr. .1. II. McCullou,i:li, 
 Dr. W. W. Woolcy : Consultins Physicians, Dr. W. II. (i. Orillith. Dr. W. O. .McCullou.i;h. Dr. 
 A. K. Kline. Dr. E. R. Witlc. 
 
 It has hcen tlie aim of the Alanagers to cstahlish not only a well-e(iuipped hos])ital, hut a 
 'J'rainiui; School for Nurses, so that the usefulness of the institution mi.uht extend heyond its narrow 
 eonlines. The Roard of Managers and Faculty of the school arc excrtint:- every effort in their 
 ]>ower to make this hranch of the entcr]irise as ,t,M-eat a success as the hosjiital itsi'lf. The course of 
 study emhraccs cverythini.' of theoretical and practical value to a nurse in the discharire of her 
 duties, ami makes her conipcteiit and .-it ease with any eiiicruency that may jireseiit itself in the sick- 
 room. Resides the lecture course, which extends over a ])eriod of six months in each year for two 
 years, each student is cx])eetcd to s])cnd a ct'rtain time in the dietary department, where she will 
 he <ilili;_'e(l to prcjiare the various alimentary suhstances for the sick. 
 
 Apjilicants for admission to the school must jiass a ])reliniinary examination, hoth mental and 
 jihysical, and furnish a certificate of irood moral character from sonic minister of the irospcl. .\t 
 the close of the two-years' course, ri.trid examinations ari' held, and the succcs.sful candidates rcceivt' 
 a dijiloma. The Trainintr School was ojicned on Octoher 'I-Zd. 1S90, hy appropriate exercises, 
 consist inj; of music, jirayers and addresses. After the rendition of .some select music, and ])rayer 
 l.y Rev. Dr. Davis, Dr. E. R. Witte delivered the ad. Iress of the occasion. 
 
 Throu.ixhout the history of the school, there liavi> been ten .irraduates, all of whom have hecome 
 excellent nurses. 
 
 1 IO iui.N r>jN (.11 ^ 11m.v]-i I 1 
 
THE CITY OF TRENTON. 
 
 15 
 
 Til Dr. E. 1!. ^\'itl^, Deuii of tlie Tmiiiiuir Schoiil and one of tlic Iradiiit; li(iin<iMi|iatlii(' ])liysicians 
 licit (inly in Treiitun luit in New Jersey, creilit must In' largely t;iven fur tlie successful maintenance 
 iif the institntidii. Often, ]iractically sinulc-liaiiilcil. he has fuiii^lit nvertdwiiin^ ilillicnhies, tlierehy 
 remiiving oiijKisitiiiii tu the li(is|iital ami the huiiKedjiatliic trt'atnu'nt tiierein em|ilii\-eil. At the 
 ]iresent time, the liiis|iital is in a |inis|ieiiiiis cunilitinii. ]<]xteiisive ] ire) la rut inns are lieinn maili' hir 
 the erectiuii uf new luiiMinjis, t" the em! th.at t he institutii m shall iiKa-ease its |ilan anil scupe uf 
 usefulness. 
 
 St.vti-: IIiisi'iTAL I'^ou Tin-: Ins.v.m;. 
 
 Til Or. Lyndun .\. Smitli, of Ne\\ark. liclonLis the cri'ijit of ilirectinn tjie atteiitinn of tlie 
 pco|ile of Ne\v .Fersey to the iieeils of an asylum for tlie insane. 'I'liis was at an addi'iss ileli\ereil 
 liefore the State Medical Society. Ill lM:.!a joint resolution passed the LcLiisl.atm-c, autliiiri/iii,u 
 (lovci'iior rcnninutoii to a|ipoint commissionci's to collect information in rcLiard to the nimiliei- .■ind 
 ciindition of the insane in the State, and if an as\duni was deenied neeessarv, to ascertain the iiest 
 
 .ST.VTK IIiisI'ITAI. ln|{ IILI-: I.s^..\.M.;. 
 
 localilv for the same, the cost of its erection, and like data. This conimission consisted of Lewis 
 Condicl, .lames I'arkia' and .John Clement. 
 
 Th(>y re|i(irted to the l,cL;islature in Xii\emliei-, is l'_'. when it appeared that there were over four 
 hundred |iersons in New .hr-ev w ho needed I reatment. The ma tier, howevci-. failed to awaken ^eii- 
 erai interest and it was not until ISto, when .Miss Dorothea I.. Di.x, of Massachusetts, memoriali/.ed 
 tile r>e,i;isla1ure, that any action was taken. Miss Di.x visited the various commitment places desi.iriU'd 
 for the insane poor of the Stale, and urecntly eommended to the l,et;islaturc the sulijc'cl of pro\idini: 
 nn asylum for their care and cure. .Moved hy the disinterested efforts and appeal of this dis- 
 tinjruished and philanlhropic lady, the l.et;i>lalurc a]ipoinleil a joint committee, which rcpoi-tcd in 
 favor of prompt action. The same year commissioners were ap]ioint('d to si'lect a suitahle site, and 
 an a|ipro|irialiii)i made of 810,000 to jiay foi' the same, and >?'Jo,()00 toward the ci'cclion of the 
 hnildini.'. 'I'hcse commissioners \vei-e Daniel Haines, Thomas Arrowsmith, John S. Condiet, .losepji 
 Saunilers and M.imice JieMsley. 
 
 The commissioners, after visitiuL' various loealities. determincil on the one upon whicii the 
 liuililiiig nuw standfi. 
 
158 
 
 TlIK CITY OF TltKXTOX. 
 
 In 184"), the (idViTiior apijointcil ICli T. C'nolcy, Calvin llowt'll ami Saniurl Hush as (Mininiis- 
 ■iioncrs to fontrac't for and suinTiiitcml the cTcctinn ol' the luiililiii::- ; aii<l aftrr visithit; various 
 
 SrATK IIosriTAL K'lK Till-; InsANI'; I Pv^ltrilJ. 
 
 . ^ 
 
 ^ 
 
 inslilulinns I'lH- tlir insane in olhrr Slates ami exaniiniuL; many plans. a'lii|ite<l the di-atl nfilcsiLin 
 l>v l>r. T. S. Kiikliride, uf tlu' I'ennsyKania Hosjiital for the insane, tnim which a workinu' ]ilan 
 was sulise(|Uently niade. 
 
 This institution is loc-ated 
 in Kwini: to\\nshi|i. northwest 
 of Iheeitv ol' 'i'renton. ami mai' 
 tile i)elaware ri\er. 'i'iie hnilil- 
 inj: is Imiit of reddish sandstone 
 (from tile Ewinu ijuarries on 
 the itreinises), laid in ruhhle 
 and liroken ranire work, and 
 ])ointed, with hannmr-dressed 
 stone for liase. The erection 
 of the Asylinn was done liy 
 William l'hilli|)S and Joseph 
 Wliittak( r, of Trenton — the 
 iiuilders of the Slate House. 
 It was opened for the reee|ition 
 of jiatients May loth, 1S4S. 
 Nuin<'rous additions were made 
 to the liuililiiij;s from time to 
 time. Tlie " Leirislative Man- 
 ual " states that imder the 
 direction of the jiroseiit SujMr- 
 
 intendent, Dr. J. W. Ward, a line jireenhouse has lieen added. lie has introduced many iu;\v 
 plans and devices fur tiic coinforl and amusement of the i)atients. Handsome pictures have been 
 
 
 Statk Hospital f<hi tiid Insane (Nkw Bcilding). 
 
THE CITY OK TltKNTON. 15!) 
 
 liuni;' up ill tlir wanls ninl ilni-initnvirs (if llic |i:ilii'ii(s. FIhwcvh ami aninsi'uiriits uf variiius 
 kiiiils, with InMcaux. ilaiuiiiL:. ciiiicrrts ami |>(ii'i niiiaiiccH in tlir llicalcr. lend tdward llic rcstdi'a- 
 timi "!' till' iiH'iilal liralth uf tlir iiuiiatcs. In ISS'J, a \:ivj:v iiru liuiMini;- was cri'i-tcd. 
 
 Tiiio Onii i'^F.L lows' Home. 
 
 'I'lir ()ii(l i'"iHii\\>' irniiii', fur aLii'il ami imli^riit nii'niluTS, is sitnatid al llic cui'iiir cif tlii' 
 Scotch road and l'cnniiiL:toii avciiiic and is owmil and iiiaiia<_;cd h\' a cor|ioratioii coiiiiioscmI of alioiit 
 sixty lodiics and ciicain|iiiicnts uf New .Icivcy. Ividi lodi:!' and cncaiii|iiiiciit lioldiiiii iiiciiilicrslii|i 
 ill said corjioratioii is entitled to send iiicinlicrs as ininali'S at thi' lalio of one for each one hundicd 
 iiiciiiliers. The Home is inaiiitaineil hy the assessniciit of one cent |ier week for each iiieiiitier of 
 the lodii'cs l'e]ireselited. In ISS-J. the (liand l.odiic of New .lersey a|i|ioinled a coniniittee lo 
 consider the fcasiliility of cstalilishinu smh a lionie. The site was ]Fiii-cliasc(l in 1SS7, and it was 
 foniially dedicated .hnie 1 ftli, ISSS, liy (oaiid Master Joseph (ireaves. 
 
 This property wa^ foiincily occiipicil liy 1 )i-. .laiieway and hy him sold lo Adam ( lark. The 
 house is pleasantly sitiiatiMl in a ni'ovi' and is a commodious hiiildiiig. 
 
 TiiK Yor.No Mi;n"s ('iikis'I'ian Associai'Ion. 
 
 The \'ounjij IMen's C'liristian Assoeialiun uf Trenton, .as at pi-csciit i-onslilntcd, w.as or;_:aiii/,ed in 
 the fall of ISSC, witli .ludiic William M. Lanniii- as I'resident. 11. M. Anderx.ii .is llecurdin- 
 Scia-ct.ary, Samuel I.. I'.aily as Treasurer. Its lii'st (plartcrs were at '■'.'■'> West Stale sti-ecl. oi- ■•('(Hi- 
 cordia Hall." now o\\ni'i| hy the " Siimlay .Vdvertisci',"' where it oceupii'(l part of a store on the 
 L;iduml lluor. l.atei-. as the work L;rew, the entire store was put to the use of lln^ .\ss(pciatioii. The 
 lirst (iciicral Seci'ctary was Iv Tahor Thompson, who was siicceeiled in 1 SS7 hv IJ. IJow.ird Ta\lui'. 
 W. A. \'ciiter, the pri'seiit (leiici'al Scca-clary. suci-ceiled Mr. Taylor ill Xuvcmlxa- of Iss'.l. 
 
 Aftir serviiii; a little less than a ycai', .ludL:c' LaniiiiiL; resiLincd and w as sMceccdeil li\- .Mr. Seriim 
 1'. Hiinhaiii as President, who held this ollice for iieai'ly four years, .and on .Mr. Himliam's resii;iia- 
 tion, .Mr. .1. A. ('aniiiliell. wlio is still sia'viilii- in that capacity, w.as clecti'd to till that position. .Mr, 
 Anderson has continued as liccordin;:' Sccai'tary of the .Vssoci.ation since its orL;.ini/.itioii ; .Mr. liaih' 
 n\siji:n('il as Treasurer a year aiio last ])eccinhcr, .Mr. Chai-li's 11. Casi' heim; ili'ctcd in his stead. 
 
 Like all a.ssoeiations (rf a similar character, the depaitinents .and lines of wurk of the Trenton 
 ^'ouiii; .Men's Christian .\ssociatioii are varied and e.\tinsi\e. The old romns at '■'>■'> West Stale 
 street soon ,L;rew too small for the work of the institution, and dniinji' the season of hSS'.l .ital IS'.H) 
 the chiirclies (if the city were utili/ed for the reliLdous ser\ici'S. and \arioiis halls for cnterl.ainmciils 
 and other L'atlierinfis ; soon this arraiiLieinent liccaine iiie\pcdi(ait, ami a suite of romns w ei'c occai- 
 jiicd ill the ISaker Buildini;', the iiymnasium was located in .Masonic Hall IhiildinL;. j.ihrary ll.ill 
 was engaged twice a week for cnlcrtaiiinn'nts, and the rcli;iious scr\ices were held in the ( )pcra 
 House and the cliurches. 
 
 In the spring of 1SSI2 the niassi\c hiiildini;: on Ivist State street was heguii hy the .\ssocia1ioii, 
 tliis iiiovenieiit liein;^' maile possihle throiiiih the cITorls of its IJuilding Connnittee, heailcMl hy Mr. 
 J. P.. Richardson and Mr. Fred. .1. Shade, who sc(aired a total of .'s 1 1 ).'),()()() for the huihliug and lot. 
 The structure is two liiimlrcd and twenly-ci;:ht fci't deep, lifty-six fci't front, four stories liigh, cdii- 
 
 taiiiiiig a eonnnodious hall seating; marly i thousand | pic, a very line gyimiasiimi, hath-rooiiis, 
 
 locker-rooms and howling-alleys in the alliletie department ; jiarlors, reading-rooms, reereatioii- 
 I'ooms and educational class-rooms. 
 
 The huilding was furnished Ky the kelics of the Woman's .\iixiliary at a cost of aliout •S(),0(l(), 
 and no more commodious edilice exists in this section of the eountry for the work of the Voung 
 Men's ( 'hristian Association than in Trintnn. 
 
 The iiieiiihershi]! of the institiilioii is Large, one thousand one liundi-eil and twenty-seven men 
 and l)oys lieing enrolled, and the work of the .\ssocialion has spread, so thai now a large huilding 
 is occupied on Perry street by its Penn.sylvania Pailroad Department, wdiicli nnnihers one hundreil 
 and twelve niemhers. while the State Schools Department nutiihers si.xty-two niemhers. The 
 Woman's .\uxiliary, the lirst President of which was Mrs. James Mose.s, has nearly one hundred 
 anil lifty niemhers, .Mrs. J. J. Dale lieing the present President. 
 
IfiO 
 
 THK CITY OF TRENTON. 
 
 Fur fuiu- vi'jirs tlic Assiiciati.in 1ms iii.-niitain.Ml tlir hiriifst aiul must ugfrR'Ssivc n-litiimis wi.rk 
 fur iiirii ill til.- Vountry. the avcrairi- att.-iulaiu-c at llir Suii.lay aft. riio..ii song servioi' alone aviTajiin.- 
 one tlimisand and sixty-twn for last year, and in addition four Hil.le classes and five otlu-r rcli.uious 
 services for men are liel.l ea.-h week. The entertainments jriven under the auspices of tin- Associa- 
 tion durin- the past few years have ranke.l v.Ty hi-h. the hest attractions from the concert and 
 Ivceuin platform liein^- hrouiiht to this city. 
 
 As an adjunct to the .i;ymnasium. a line athletic lieM of seven acres has recently heen opened. 
 and the hievcle clul>. hase-hall. foot-liall and tennis sections as well as the l>asket-l)all and other 
 teams of the .■;yninasimn have raido'd very hi.uh. 
 
 On the whole, the Young .Men's Christian .\ssociation of Trenton has heen a most prosperous 
 
 and active (iruani/.ation, hut 
 I the Dirt'Ctors are plamiiuL;- 
 for even a larirer and h.'tter 
 work dm'iiii: the connntf vcar 
 than has evei- heen enjoyed in 
 the past. 
 
 Tni: Woman's Cuimsi ian Tkm- 
 ri:i;ANci-; I'.mon llrii.hi.M;. 
 
 rpon the twenty-ninth 
 
 day of JM'hruary, ISTC, tjie 
 
 Woman's Christian Temper- 
 
 anci' riiion No. 1. nf Ti-i^nlon, 
 
 ^X^l was oruani/.ed in the ojil Y. M. 
 
 I '. A. liooms, then situated on 
 
 ihesei'ond Ijoornf L'd and '_'■_' 
 
 l'!ast State slreet. the chief aim 
 
 Ixini: the reclamation of the 
 
 h'unkard throuizh the power 
 
 if the (uispel. 
 
 Durinu' the nineteen years 
 of work the fiillowinu ladies 
 ha\c sciAcd a< I'residents : 
 Mr>. 1.. K. .\llcn. Miss .\nne 
 T. r.aily, Mrs. ( '. K. iti.c Mrs. 
 M. K.' (ia^kiil, .Mi>. i;. .M. 
 .Viidcr^on. 
 
 I'pon V.:\<\ State street, 
 
 iM.N i,,i'.K.u;v. '"'-^^ I" ^'"' li"s<-oHice. is the 
 
 Woman's Christian Tc'inper- 
 anc.' Cnion huildinj.', .•ontainint; the Cni.m Lihrary. This handsome structuri' of hrownstone and 
 hri.k was dedi.-ated in IS'.K). Cpon the lower 11. Kir is a r.M.m I".. r religious services an. I up..n thelhir.l 
 s|..ry, a hall us.'.l tor puhlic .•nt.rtaiimi.nts. Th.' lihrary. upon the second ll.)or, is w.'ll e.piipp.'.l in 
 many ]iarti<ulars, although lacking in funds ncce.s.sary 1.. .'nlarge its field of usefulness. I'-.'ing the 
 .inly five lihrary in the city .)f a general character, an.l th.' s.il.' ivs..rt of scholars of the Stat.' and 
 puhli.' s.-l Is, this lihrary ajjpeals to the generosity of th.' lih.rally-.lisi.osed citizens. 
 
 In IST'.I th.A- .ihtaineil possess!. .n ..f th.' r.>mnaiil< .if th.' ..1.1 Trent. .n T.ihrary, numh.'ring one 
 
 thousand live liun.lre.l 1 ks, ami th.' .ij.l Y. .M. C. .\. l.ilnary. wlii.'h amount.'.l in all t.. tw.i tli..u- 
 
 salid hooks. They coutinue.l th.' free r.'a.ling-r.iom an.l .in-iilating lihrary. liy pers.'vcranc.' and 
 untiring energy this lihrary ii.iw numhers seven th.iusan.l v.ilumes, lu'si.li's many ot the 1. 'a. ling 
 peri.i.licals ami magazines of tlu' .lay. 
 
 The enterprise, ajipealing to those philanthr.ipically in.lin.'.l. was s.i.ni to h.' transf.'rr.'.l to 
 more coinmo.li.ius .|uartcrs. T.i this end Miss Mary .Ian.' M.irton ai-l.'.l so worthy a .'aus.' hy a 
 gift of .?1,I)0(). 
 
THE CITY OF TUKNTON. 
 
 1(11 
 
 A stuck (•(iiii|iaiiy. witli a caiiilal uf .'<.")0,( )()!), was lui-nu'il and kiiMwii as tin; UiiidU Lilirarv 
 ('(iin|iaiiy. 'I'lic stuck was sill isciilicil |',ir hy |)iililic-s|iiia((Ml lati/.ciis, and the substantial brick and 
 st(inc Ijuildini; tliiity-six liy cii;lity tcct. twn and a half stnrics liiuli, was erected, and ai'ccirdiiiL,' \u 
 tlie li'rnis of sul)scrijitii)n was let or leased tn the Wiiiiian's Chi-istiaii 'renii)cranee L'uion N(i. I, fur 
 a term of ten years, at tlie noininal i-cnl <<\ une dullai- |ier ainnnn. .hmathan Steward, William I. 
 N'annest, l'hili|i 1'. Dumi, Samuel I,, liaily, Samuel K. Wils(Pii. .hihii Tax lor and llcin-v I!. Iluwell 
 t-iiiistitutcfl the llrst I'liiard of Pirectors of the Ijhrary Comiiany, under whose sui)ervision the huild- 
 inij; was enacted on the lot oil l'"ast State street, adjoiuiui;- the iiosf-ollice, and |iut into the possession 
 of the W. (_'. T. I', in the winter of jSSo ; the first Hour heiuL; occujiied li\' the lihrar\-. the hasenieiit 
 for nn't'tinu's, janitor's apartments, ami other woi'k connected with the rnion, the second lloor as a 
 lecture liall, with a seatuij^ ca]iacity of four hundred and lift v. 
 
 AlthoUiih tliis oriianization hi'^an \vith only thirty-two niemliers and with hut one line i,f woi'k. 
 it has hroadened and uTown luitil there ai'c one hundri'd and seventy niemhers at tlu' pi'escnt time, 
 with a nund)cr of liranclies which ha\c heeu formed liy acti\-e mcnihia's, and the lines of woi'k ai'c, 
 at the present writini;-, carried on hy the following conniiittci's : koyal 'remperani-c Leuion, Distrihii- 
 tion of 'I'enipcrance Jjiterature, Satur(hiy Ni,i;ht and I'uhlie Meetings, ( 'hi'istnia.s Mission, Work for 
 District Messen.uer Boys and lioothlacks, I'l'iss Work, CVittau'e Mcctinus, ^fectin.fis for Poor .Mothers. 
 .\lmshousi' \'isitation. Jail \'isitation, l-'ruit and Flowia- .Mission in the State I'rison. Health and 
 Heredity, Library Connnittce, 'rempei-ance and Sahliath-Si'hoDJs, Sahliath ( )h^ei-\ance. Connnittee 
 on Scieutilic Instruction. 
 
 T.WLoK ()n:i!.\ HorsK. 
 
 Prt'vious to the erection of the Opia-a House, which has heeoine an liistoi'ie lii;nre on South 
 Broad street, puhlie assemlilaues in the city of Ti-eiitou \vire usually held in 'I'cmpcr.auce Hall, the 
 City Hall oy in the old T. I!. Taxloi' Lji-oceiy huildiui;-. The close of the late Ilelicllion and the 
 retiuai of peace •j^iwr an ini]ietus to a nioNcmiait that Trenton sholilil lia\e a huildinj:' devoted exclu- 
 sively to public nicctin.ns and entertaimnents. The matter was disiaissed until fSliC). when the 
 Hon. .hilm Taylor purchased the pi-cseiit site of the ( )pei-a House, with a \iew to the ei-ection of a 
 
 suitable buildinji- thereon. This action w.as t with opposition by certain citizens who had alnadv 
 
 selected the State Street Housi — the old Ivxccutive Mansion — as the |iro[ier site. The ■■fnion 
 
 Sentinel," tlnai a h'ailinu city papei', stated that Senator 'J'aylor's schei f erecting; a place of 
 
 amusement had been abancloned and that the State street site had been elm-en. The next morninu 
 after this oliservatioii a]i]ieared work was coinmence<l upon the<)pera House, ,and in a few months 
 the beautiful <ditice Was open to the |iublic. Nothing moic was ev<a' heai'd of the State >ti'eet 
 project. 
 
 The ui'ound lloor of the ( )pei'a House was, and is, oc(aipied li\- stores, (ien. liich.ni'd .\. Hoii- 
 nelly beinu the lii'st occupant. ( )ne of these stores was foiniei-|\- used as the post-oHice. l^odj^e- 
 rooms and a larji-e asseinl)ly-rooni are located in the second :uid third stories, whilst the basement 
 has always been used for restaurant pui'poscs. 
 
 .Mthouiih in use for nearly ihii-ty years, 'i'ayloi- < >pei-a House has still the re]iutation of beiuL:- 
 one of the finest iirovincial theaters in the I'liitcd States. ki-e(piently renovated, notably in the 
 snnnner of bssy, constant chan<res have been made which L:ive a metropolitan aspect to the house. 
 With a lai'iic and wcll-cipiipped stage, u'ood sccnei'w a sealing:' capacitv of sixteen hundi'ed and 
 excellent ventilation, Taylor Opera House has delied competition. I'sed for political assemblajics, 
 for tiie inauf^uratioM of (Jovernors, for conimencements of schools and for purely dramatic puri)oses, 
 the walls of this theater have inclosed men worM-famous in the pi-ofessions, politicians of ualioual 
 reputation and slajie folk of endui'ing- prominence. Tin' pre-ent niana;:ei- is Haia-y ('. Taylor, who, 
 in ISSti succeeded his father, the Hon. John 'i"a\lor. 
 
 I'iii: 1 \ii:n-S'rAri-: V.wit. 
 
 ]n July, 1888, f^round was lirst broken on the tract of one hundied and ten acres which is 
 
 now the projierty of the Jnler-State Fair Association. Since the openinji of the fail' in September, 
 
 ISSS, wiien ;!.■!,()()() jieoplc attended, this vast amuscmcnl-iri'ound has trrown the h'adin^' iustitnliou 
 
 of its kinil east of the Mississippi river. Located east of the city limits and directly upon the New 
 
 V 
 
if;2 
 
 THE CITY OF TRENTON. 
 
 V(irk division of the I'ciiiisylvania railroail. its t'aiiiL' lias liccii carriccl tlirouirhout America ami 
 
 ICuropc. Tlic iiiovciiR'iit l)i\L'an tliroui;li tiir activity of tlic I'lvsiilciit. llnii. .lolm Taylor, and the 
 
 Secretary, John (!uild Muirlieid, 
 
 tile former semlinLT a circidar 
 
 letter to one hnndred farmers 
 
 and Imsiness men, askinjr them 
 
 to attend a meetintr to consider 
 
 the feasihility of startinn a fair 
 
 association. Si.xty men re]ilied 
 
 in .June, ISSS, and S-")! ), 0( )1 ) was 
 
 suh.scrihcd. 
 
 The motto of the fair has 
 heen •' l>old, Hrilliant, Success- 
 ful.'' 'J'lie fair L'round is, in 
 itself, admiralily located, lieini; 
 accessihle either hy the electric 
 or steam cans. A .L;rand stand, 
 four hundred and lifty feet in 
 Icntrth, overlooks the track, 
 whilst on cither side of this 
 stan<l are locateil the cxhilii- 
 tion huildinirs. ample space 
 heinj; reserved for all pi-("hicts 
 of the farm, for machinery 
 
 and tor the display of art and oilier olijccts. jlesidi' thi' horse and hicvcle i-acinji' and sight- 
 seein;:, popular amusements eo\ ci- a pi'oi;ianiinc w liich always lasts fur li\e days. 
 
 Tin: r.MoN iMirsiiM Ai. JIomi:. 
 
 rpon Chestnut avenue, near ( ireeiiw o.id avenue, stands the I'lniiu Indnstrial liomi-. This 
 handsome structure, lu-sidcs hciicj an oi'nnnient to tin- city, serves a niii>t u-cful purpose. it was 
 
 TllK IXTKIt StaTK FaIK (.iKiir.VKS. 
 
 1:11 I M .N iMil -li;i M. 11 
 
THE CITY OF TRENTOX. 
 
 ir;3 
 
 eroctod as a honic fur dcstilutc cliildrcii, aft'iirdinu: tliciii thr ailvaiitau'cs of ninral, rrligious and 
 useful traiiiiuii'. 
 
 The society liaviiii;' tliis aim in view was uiLianizrd I'cliniai-v. I>^">'.l, a small house at •"),'! I'cnv 
 street heinp; tlie first Ilimir Imililiut;- |ini\idcd. Tin' Hume was moved from thei'e to a i-nmniodious 
 dwellina'. with lavi;i' urouiids, on Xcn-lh Warren slri'ct, neai'ly o|i|iosite the I'hiladelphia and Itcadinj; 
 raili'oail station. This was at tl ntlu'eak of tlie late war. 
 
 The jirescnt huildinii, on Chestnnl avenue, was tirst oii-n|iied Oetoher ?>lst, ISSS. The uround 
 U[ion whieli it stands was the yift nf Mr. and ^Frs. Edwai'd II. Stukes. The cost <if the liuildini;- 
 was S4(),-l()(l, anil was freed fi-om delit tlirei' years after its e(im|iletion, thus heeonnnt; a noMe 
 monument to the kindness and lii'nelieenei' of the eitizens of Trenlon. 
 
 Xi;\v .li:i;sicv rnii.ni.'KN's ITomk Socii-pv. 
 
 Another iihilanlliro|iic mo\-cnient of like ereation is to he found in the New .lei'sev Childi-en's 
 Home Society, which has Ltrown out of the National Chihlren's Home Society, oriiuuized in Illinois 
 twelve years since. The Soeiet\' was oi-uauized Septemher 11th, IS'.ll. ami was incorporated one 
 month later, under the State Sup( lintenileni-y of llev. Martin T. Lamh, 4'_'S Rutherford avenue. 
 The method of the Soeii'ty is to so oruanize the entire State that their may he fcuuid everv fannlv 
 in it who will receive a eliilil, as wi'll as e\i'rv child in need of a home. This is hased upon the 
 aruurnent that in the Stat<' of Xcw .lersey thei'e are three or four times as m.'iny f.imilies without 
 children as there are children without homes. 
 
 The work therefore is — </. To seek out every lionieless, mrlected anil destitute child in the 
 State and tind fm' it a nood hume in :i wcll-to-ilo family, placini;' it there wisely, with the least jios- 
 sihle delay and at the least possihle exiieiise. Ii. To make it possihle for many persons without 
 children of their own to adopt without fear of future interfeicnec c To minister in comfortinir 
 assurances to parents lixiiiL;' in fear of leaxini; their children pcimilcss and homeless, il. Xot to 
 antajionize existing " ()rphana<;es " or " ( 'hildrcirs Homes." hut aid them, wherever desii'ed, in 
 fiiidinii' homes for their jilaccahlc children niiilr m-i/ i/miiii/. thus sa\ini; the cNpi-nse of ke<>pinij 
 them for years and doinic the licst |iossililc thinn for said children, c To empty the almshouses of 
 the State of nearly six hundred little mies. wlm are now hcini; raised as paupers. _/'. To prevent 
 one-half or more of the one tlionsaml children in the three lartre reform seluiols of the State from 
 enterinu: said schools in the future, hy iicttiiiL; them into Christian homes a few years hefore thev 
 wmdd have l)ecome juvenile criminals. 
 
 Statistics show that li\e-sevenths of all the criminals in the rnited Slates lia\e come from 
 homeless children, and that every homeless child must cither i </ ) hecome a ciiminal or paiipcr. or 
 (//) l)e ])laced in an '' Orphana^ic, " or (<■) he placed in a fannly home. 
 
 In the first case, it will cost the ta.\ji;iycrs an averane of $1,01)1) per child ; in the second case, 
 it will cost tlie hcnevolcnt puhlic an average of S.'iOd per child ; in the last ease, under the direction 
 of the '' ( 'hildrcu's I loiiie Society, " il will cost an avei'aue of §•")() per child. 
 
 CrvY .\i,MsiiorsH. 
 
 An examination of the city records shows that as early as IS | 1, Ti-eiiton had a ]ioor-farm, which 
 was imder the control of a committee of Common Council, who also diri'cted the otlieial actions oi a 
 Steward and .Matron for said farm. The Steward was dii-ectcd tu procui'c <;ooil and sullieieiit clothes 
 and food for the jiauper inmates, who pcrfiirnicd such services in and ahout the ])remises as they 
 were ahle. In IS-IO Common Council pi-ovided for the ■•rcp.airof the old huildinu' and for the erec- 
 tiiai of a wiui;- at the east end thereof." This ]ioor-farm was the plantation of John Roach, and was 
 located on the Scots and old |-'crrv roads. 
 
164 
 
 THE CtTY OF TRENTON. 
 
 Tin; invsont aliiislinusc was built in the yoar ISlii), ami is a (■(lUiiiKiiliuus liuildiiiti' siliiatr ii|inn 
 Princeton avenue. In that year the paupers of Trentim were ninveil fnmi thr nM |iiiiir-liciuse 
 farm to the present location. 
 
 Louis F. I5aker, Keeper of the Almshouse, was lioi-n in (lermany, S< pteinher 17th. ISl!'.I. where 
 
 he receive<l his eclueatiun. When nearly twenty J'Car.S 
 old he cmiirrateil {>> l.imi: Island. Thence he went 
 South. At out' peiiod he was stewai'd on the sailing'- 
 ship •■ Kalama/.oo."' He came to Ti-euton aliout 1>>.")1. 
 and olitained employment in the mills of the New 
 .Icrsev Steel and Iron Company, whei'e he learned the 
 trade of puddlei% workinu' at that occu)iation until tlu' 
 commencement of the late war. ^[r. Makei- enlisted in 
 Company V,. Thirty-fourth New .lersey X'olunteeis. 
 He served thronL:h the Heliellion, and was wdundid in 
 the left e\e while doint; picket duly. .\t the ejosi' of 
 the war he retiu'iieil to Ti'euton and A\orked in the 
 rolling: mill. lii' then e>tal>li>lied a eonnnissioii Imsi- 
 ucss at the corner of llridiic and Warren streets, and 
 also kept a re~tamant. l,.-iter he removed to Wash- 
 iuiitou Market, remainini; there until .Vjiril. IS.S.S^ 
 when he was appointed Superintendent of the City 
 .\lmshouse. Lciiislation hrouiiht ahout his se\-ei'ance 
 with that institution, Imt in IS'.lo hv was reinstated. 
 .Mrs. r>aki'r. hi> wife, was ihe lirst <-ity oliicial of her 
 sex ever elected to a |io>itioll iu'l'reuton. I'cccivim:', at 
 the hands of Common Council, the |Hisition of Matron at the almshouse. .Mr. Maker is a Itepuh- 
 licau, and is alwavs found taking an active interest in the doiniis of his p.arty. 
 
 I>oris F. Hakkh. 
 
CHAPTETt XXIII. 
 
 TRENTON'S CHUUCIIES. 
 
 The l]i;(a.\.M.\(;s of K( ( lksiastkai. Likk — Tine I'kjcsijytichiax, I'j'I.^ui'ai.ia.n ('iiii;(1ii:s ami tiii-: 
 Society of Fhienjis the Pioneehs in the Field — The Roman Catholics — The Mi'.thoihs'i's 
 
 TlllC Ll'THEHANS TlIE BaI'TISTS ANH ThIOII! ClirKCHES OtHEI; liKLKilnrs ( )|:( I A .\ I /.ATK JNS. 
 
 '^ T HAS alrcildy liccn noted that tlic two rlciinnts wliidi led In tlic srttlciiiciit (if Tren- 
 ton as '■ Ve fTalles" were eednmuie and I'l'liLiinus. 'I'l'enlnn was tlie nieeliiiL:-|ilaee (if 
 tlie early faiths of West New Jersey. Here came the t^uaker fi'oni the plantations 
 l)elow the Assanpink, the Presbyterian innninrant from .Mdninunth ^h(>re. I'lli/.aln'th- 
 ^j\ 'I'own ami Newark, and the ("hurehof Knuland man, who was nsnally allieil wilh 
 tlie Royal (iovernnr or his aristoi'ratie snite. Of all these, the memhii's nf the 
 
 C^fe ^ Society of Friends wi'r<' the first t -eupy thi' site of the city nf 'i'l-iaitnn. The 
 
 -^ ^ \ advent of Mahlon Stacy and other 'i'orkshire pedjile is cdnvincinu' pi'imf that " mect- 
 Z in<fs " of the societv were fre(juently held at his own and ni'ar-hy houses. In Itncks 
 
 county, I'l'inisylvania, throui;li the Fallsinuton rcLiJnn, the (Quakers hy K'l'.l.'i hail 
 heciinii' thiiroULihly estahlished and were in close syin)i.'ithy with thcii' hi'ethren npdii thiJersey 
 side of the Delaware. The Trent<in niemliers of the socii'ty were wont to ci-nss the ri\er to the 
 First Day meeting's of their a.ssoeiates, and all the meinhers attcnih'd the yearly mcetinir at 
 l'.urh'n;.;ton (dty. 
 
 It is a curious fact that the history of the churches in the city of Trenton may he traccil to 
 a rniun meetint:-lii>use, where the Presliyterians and the Episco])alians worshipeil side hy side. 
 .\nioni;- tlie records of the eaily part of the eijihteentli century, in the Secretary of State's ollice, in 
 'I'reiiton. is a deed from .lolin lliitchinsdii, of Hopewell, couiitv nf I'.urliiiuton, i*v-c., to Andrew 
 Heath, llicliard I'layi'e, .\hiel Davis and Zehnliin Haston, of the same county, iVc, foi' a piece nf 
 lanil un the easterly side of the liinhway leadine lietwccn the linuscs of the >aid .luhn llntchinson 
 and .\ndrew Heath, iVrc, containinu' two acres, in trust for the inliahilants nf the said township 
 of Ho]iewell and their successors, inhaliitini.' and dwellinji' within the said township, foi-evcr, for 
 the pulilic and common use and henelit of the whole townslii]i, for the erectiiiL' and huilding 
 a pnhlic iiieetin};-housc ihireon, .and also for a jplace of hurial, and for no other use, intent, or 
 purpose wliats(.)ever. 
 
 ( )f the persons named in this f^rant, all are well known as the ani'cstors of peo]ile in the 
 vicinity of Trenton. iiiehard i']ayre was the foimdei- of I'^ayrcstown, on the llancocas, and the 
 ]iroirenitor of a faniilv whose name has iieai'h' liecome e.\tiiict. The others have representatives <it 
 their names in modeiai Trenton. 
 
 'I"hE I'UESIiVl'iCHIAN.S. 
 
 AlthoU;;h in Trenton proper hefoi-e the .advent of William Trent the dominant ecclesiastical 
 orjianization was nndijuhtedly that of the Society of I'^rieiids, tiie i'resliyterian communities of 
 Flopewell and Maidenhe.id had lioth hecome possessors of church huildin-is hefore 171.">. 'I'o oni' 
 
UiC, 
 
 THE CITY OF TUK.XToX. 
 
 or tlio (itlicr lit' these i'(in!j;fe;,':itii)ii.s tlie I'reshyteriMiis of tlie early years of tile eigliteeiitli century 
 were attached. In fact the First Presliyterian Church of Trenton traces its history directly to the 
 IIoiH'Well (Ewinu) Church of 171-!. in 17"i(), however, the nicniliers of the congrcfjation at Trenton 
 had ^rown of a size siillicient to warrant them in the erection of a new clnu'ch, and in that year a 
 house was liuilt on the <rround which in 1 7:27 was conveyed l>y i'jiocli Andrus to John I'drtertleld. 
 Jianiel Ifowell, Richard Scuddei', Alexander Locklianl, William Yard, \\'illiani HolT, John 8everns 
 an<l Jose]ili Yanl. This, with a later addition, is the present church site and srraveyard on State 
 street. The First Treshytei-ian Cliurch was incor)"ii-atcd in 17oii. upon theeiirlitli day of Soptcnd)cr. 
 The cori>orators were Kev. David Cowell ( 17o(>-()()), with .VU'xandcr Chamhers, Charles Clark, 
 Andrew Reed, Joseph Yard, Arthur IIowi^ll and William Creen. The lirst church, erected in 1727, 
 was of stone, a tvpical edilice of its time, which remained until .\pril, ISO."), when a new church was 
 erected. Throuifhout the colonial and Revolutionary ])eriods the association amonj; the Trenton, 
 lk)pewell and Maidcidieail churches w;is of a most intimate character. Althouirh in 17<i"J.a p.-ir- 
 sonafre on Hanover street, in the rear of the church, hml hccn piii'diascd, thi' ministers supplied Kipth 
 Trenton and "the country." In 17ss. on May Itli, the cliarter of (ieorjic 11. was suiierseded hy 
 the action of the couLn-eiration of Ti'enton's lirst I'reshyterian church, who acccpteil the |)rovisions 
 of the general act providini;' for the incoi-pnratiun of rdiiiions societies. It was then resolved to 
 admit sncli of the inhaliitants of Lamlu'rlon who dcsir<'d to join with them. Tt was not mitil aliout 
 
 ISlOthat the Trenton clun-ch occujiied a posi- 
 
 ^f" -i.j-^^"^-.<>v~, tion ill auv sense independent of her associates 
 
 _ji^; .=^v^-^:-7 ~ ' ' , in what is now Ewinjiville and I.awrenceville. 
 
 ,^^' ■ ■""; rpon the seventeenth of AuuMist, 1S()(), the 
 
 di'dicatioii of a new luiildint;' was had, which 
 ■ editice cost over SlO.ddO. Duriiij,' the erection 
 of this liouse of woi'ship, the I'reshyterians once 
 niiii'c held service with the Fpisco|Kilians. 
 
 The present First Churcli of the Presliy- 
 terian denomination was used fur its initial 
 service in January, IS-lC. an<l for nearly half a 
 ccnturv was iusi'paraliK' connected with the 
 iiami' of John Hall. J). I)., jiastor emeritus, 
 and one of the most distiiiuuishccl fiirures in 
 natiiinal ecclesiastical records of recent times. 
 Amonir his works his "JIisti>rv of the First 
 Presliyterian Church." with its wealth of mat- 
 ter relatinj; to men and times almost forj-'ottcii. is a standanl <'ontrihution to the annals of New 
 Jersey, His treatment of the snhject was so Imiad that from his printed leaves, should everything 
 else he lost, a history of cohuiial Trenton could I'asily lie writtiu. 
 
 The ]iresent pastor of the church is the Itcv. .lohii Dixon, like Iiis ]iredeeessor, an eminent 
 tlieolojiian. 
 
 The Second Presliyterian Church datt's from a mission cstahlislicd in lS-")7. In 1S12 the 
 "First Presliyterian Church of South Trenton" was estahlishcd on Cniun street, in the editice 
 occupied hy the seceding nieinhers once of the congregation of the Trenton and Famherton Ra])tist 
 Church. The original list of meniliers contains nineteen names. The ra]iid grow th i if the church 
 leil to an ad<lition to the huilding in IS.'il, ami in IS.'iii, after the dissolution of the horough of 
 South Trenton, the church changed its name to the "Second Presliyterian Church of Trenton, 
 N. J." The churcii has since lieen enlarged and heautilied. Rev. William S. X'oorhces is the 
 jiresent pastor. 
 
 The Third Presliyterian Church, which is situated on North Warren street, grew out of an agi- 
 tation for a new house of worship, which lasted from ]S4() to lS4'.t. In .May of the latter year 
 seventeen jiersons organized this new congregation and on the seventh of Xovemlier, IS.'iO, the 
 liuilding was dedicated. Until this time the congregation had worshi]ic(l in the Odd Fellows' Hall 
 and the City Hall. A serious loss occurred to this church on the fourtli of July, ls7'-l, when the 
 liuilding was destniyed liy fire from a rocket which alighted ujion the roof. The church, which wa.s 
 immediately rehuilt, is a handsome structure. Its pastor is the Kev. Samuel M. Studdiford, who 
 has served the congregation .since 180G. 
 
 l-'irsl ^I^■^llvlcn,■^^ Cliiirrh 
 
FiKsT Pkksuvji.kian C'liiiun, J-luKriKn in 1840. 
 
TIIK CITY OF TIIENTON. 
 
 Ui7 
 
 The Fourth Presliytcrian Cliurcli, on the <'(inirr nf State street ami C'hiiiuii avenue, was foniieil 
 hy inemhers of tlie First and Tliinl churches. The ediliee, which is nf pai'tieular architectural 
 heauty, was dedicated (Icloliii mill. IsCid, one year after the corner-stone was laid. (.'oni|ilete in 
 its ajijiointnients, the church ha^ a cunLfretiation drawn largely from citizens resident in tlie eastern 
 portion of the city. Ere tlie ihui-ch was eonipleted, the meinliers worshipeil in the t'itv Ilall. 
 
 The Fifth I'reshyterian Church, wliicli is located on i'l-Jncelon a\'enue. was iii-L;anized in hS71. 
 and was the out.urowfh of a cli.i|icl iiii-<ion of the l"irsl i'l-esliyteriaii Church, the ■■mother of 
 Preshyterianism in Trenton." Its early histoiy was a.^smialcil with the latter |iart of the life of 
 the Itev. A. S. White, who died oil his knees whilst ]ira\'inL:: for this ciiui^ch. The pastor is the 
 Rev. George II. Ingram. 
 
 The l'ros])eet Street I'reshytiiian Chiii-cli — tlie si.xtli in ordc |- of foiniilatiiai — de\'eloped from a 
 Sunday-seliooj inoveiiicnt in the then inr,-il sections of West Ticnioii. Tliis school met in dwelliiiii-- 
 houses and in a hai-ii until the siaitiinciit arose that a l'i-csli\'ti'rian clinrcli should he cstahlislied in 
 
 PUOSI'KCT STItKKT PRE.SBYTERIAN CnT'Rcn— BriLT IN 1874 75. 
 
 that portion of the town. A donation of land led to the com|iletion of a uuist tasteful hrownstoiie 
 chureli edifice in Fclnuary, isTo. Tin' coiistitnciit niemhers niniilicr thirty-live. JJurinj; the 
 history of this church, it has had hut oni' pastor, the Key. Walter .\. iirooks. 
 
 F>ethany Fi-eshytciian Chm-cli — the se\-entli in point of aiii — is on the corner of Tlaniiltou and 
 Chestnut avenues. The demands for acli\c chnrcli life in that poi'tion of the old horoiiLdi of 
 Chanihershurg led to the erection of this inlhieiilial chuicli. Its conj:rc,iiation has jrrown from a 
 mission mo\'enicnt. and is now under the |i:islointe of the \li\. haiiii'l 1!. l''oster. 
 
 Till': Sociic'rv ok {"kiknus. 
 
 The Society of Friends were the founders of all that portion of Ti-ciiton lyiii.ij; upon the Assaii- 
 ]iink and the valley at its month. Thiai- e.nly meetini.'-places. at private houses, ami later in 
 Chesterfield and elsewhcj-e. |irovin,i: inconvenicait. a meetiiiLr-hoiisc was ei-ectcd in ■{■reiiloii in ],'■','.>. 
 which huildinji is located on the corner of Hanover and .Mont^onici^y streets. It has Keen occU|iic<l 
 for the same |iurpose .~iiice its ei-ection U|i to tlie present time. The door of the entrance to this 
 ineetinji-house was on the south side of it, facinjr Hanover street. 
 
 .\t till- time of the ''separation" of the followers of IClias Jlicks from tlu' Orthodox memhers. 
 the latter left this house, and for several years hc'ld their meelinjis in the huihlin.g at the northeast 
 corner of ISroad and Academy streets, this ehurdi formerly helonging to tlie Methodists. In 1.S5S, 
 
1G8 THE CITY OF TRENTON. 
 
 tlir ( (ithuildx l'"ii(ii(l> liuilt tlicir |)Imic of worship in Mercer street, near l,i\iiii.'>tnn. 'I'lie nieetini:- 
 iiouse in r.niad street stood a few I'eet l)ack from the street, and they erected a hi-ick wall aliont ten 
 feet hijih in front of it. 
 
 The Eriscoi'.u.i.\NS. 
 
 Trenton, the seat of the Bishoj) of the Diooi-sc of New .Tersey, has lonj; l)cen associated with 
 tlie history of the Protestant I';]>isco]>al Chnrch. I'y the John Hutchinson i;rant of .\|iril, 17()-">. 
 already alhided to in the liistory of the I'reshyterian chni-ches, a church of the l'"|iisc(i|ial dennnii- 
 nation was Imilt in tliis townsiiip, hut for years, aftci- 1701 and 17(l'>, lacked a resident rector. 
 This edilice acconiniodated the nienihers of tile then Cliurcli of En<;land liviuL' in Trenton and 
 vicinity, in 17'!(i, the Key. Mr. Lindsay, an itinerant missionary, states that Ti-enton was the 
 center where there AVere "seyeral of the communion." Saint Michael's Church, the first edifice of 
 the Protestant I'>])iscoj)al faith in the city of Trenton, was oruanized ahout the year 17")"), with the 
 celchrated Michael Iloudin, as Itecfoi- ; Uaniel Coxe, {{oherf Lettice Hoo|ici', as Wardens; .Joseph 
 Warrell, William Pidtreon, .lohn Allen, Elijah Pond, .lohn Daiiworthy, Charles A.xford, as N'estry- 
 men. The attitude of the Clun'ch of iMidand toward the strUL'Lde for national independence 
 retarded the t:rowth of every ndssion in the Colony of New .lersey and, in fact, ahini:' the .\tlantic 
 seahoard. The Clun-ch was, at hest, in New .Jersey, ex]iressinir a. ne^ativi' sym])athy toward the 
 poj)\dar nioyement, and, as a result, many of her most influential niemliers were driven to otlu'r 
 communions, in fact. Saint .MicliacTs ( 'liurch was purely in " sus]ieHilcd animation " durini: the 
 Pit'voiution. and the church huildinir was used as a stahle hy the ISritish soldiery during the early 
 winter of 177li. After the close of the War for Tnilependence and the dissolution of the honds 
 hetween English and .\mcrican i']piscopalians. Saint Michael's Clnu'ch slowly regained her lost 
 ])restige. in ISfS, the old huilding was taken down and a new structure of the (iothic .sfyK^ of 
 architecture erected. Tn Novemhcr, ISl'.), the church was consecrated. The congregation now 
 grew ra|iidly. Tlic lauses of populai- opposition to the J'^piscopal Church, which were so potent 
 in this vicinity during and innnccliately after the itcvolution, lessened year by year. In 184o, Saint 
 Michael's Cliurch was remoileled an<l enlai'gcd. and later the Perry street chapel was eri'cted. In 
 1>>7(), the chuicli was again enlarg<'d, and within the past fi'W years hanilsonie additions have 
 improved the pro)ierly. To further the cause (jf Episcopaliauism in tlie region near Millham, a 
 chapel has heen erected on the corner of N'oitli Clinton and Sheriilan avenues. The rei'tor of Saint 
 .Michael's Chmvli i< the \li-v. ()>cai- S. Punting, whilst the rector of the cliapcl i- the Pcv. .Millon 
 A. Craft. 
 
 TIt. Pvk\'. .Tohn SrAnnoHoi'Gu. 
 
 The lit. Pcv. .ri>lm Scarhorough, Protestant Episcopal Pishop of New .Jersey, was horn in 
 Ireland on .\pril 'Jofh, ls;;i, and in infancy was hapti/ed in the cliapcl of the ivirl of I'oden. in 
 Jiryantford. In childhood the Pishop w.-is hi-ought to tliis country, and received his early education 
 in a country scliool at (iuc>enshni-y. .New ^'ork, lie was fittcil I'oi' college hy the Pcv. I'Mwanl !•'. 
 Ivlwariis, a graduate of Oxford, and gi-ailuateil fiom Ti-inity ( 'ollcge, JJartford, in I's-'il. His theo- 
 logical education he ohtained in the (leneral Theological Seminary of New '^'oik City. He was 
 ordained J)eacon in Trinity Church, New York. .Innc 2Sth, is."i7. Jle went at on<<' to he assistant 
 in St. I'aul's Cliurch, Troy, New York, where he was ordained I'ricst the following year, hy the late 
 Bishop Horatio Potter. 
 
 After three years lie hecanie rector of The Cliurch of the Holy Comforter, Poughkeejisie, New 
 York, where on May '23d, ISn."), he was married to Catherine I'dizaheth, the youngest child of Theo- 
 ilore and Catherine l<^,lizahcth 'i'rivett and great-granddaughter of the late Pev. 1 >r. Peiihaus, a well- 
 known minister of the I'^piscopal Cliunh. in 1N(;7 he was called to the rectorslii]) of Trinity 
 Cliurcli, Pittsl)urgii, I'ennsylvania, then tin- largest jiarish west of flic AUcghanii^s. In J.'^7.''), I'\'l)- 
 ruary 2d, hu was consecrated Bishop iiy tlie same hands which had ordained him Deacon and I'riest 
 and married liim. 
 
 The feudal name of Scarl)orough originated in ^'orkshire, iMigland, where the occuijant of a 
 sliarj), sea-jutting promontory was intrenched with his retainers in liis fortified castle. The first 
 castle was destroyed hy the troopers of Cromwell hut was rehuilt, and is still use(l as a l)arracks for 
 troojJS. The family of J^ishoj) Scarljorougli, of New Jersey, Avas resident for many generations in 
 and near the beautiful watering-plaec of the same iiaine. 
 
TIIIC CITY OF TRENTON. 
 
 lf)9 
 
 Of tlii^; fiiniily in tlic litmsi'liolds of CIkii-Ics I. mid his sdn, Cliarlcs IT.. Sir Charles ScarhDnxiiih 
 was the' Chief Pliysician. The fathi'r nf liishop S<-ai-hi>ri)iiu:h held an :i|p|iiiiiitnieiit in the Internal 
 lieventie 1 )e| laitnieut. and Was resiileiU at ( 'astlewellan. in the nuitli nf Ireland. Tin' e])ise(i|ial 
 residence is liieatcil (111 ( li-eeiiw nod. nea r ( 'I i nton a\'enue. 
 
 The urowth of .^-Joiilli 
 Trenton led to the estahlish- 
 ment of Saint Panl's, «hieli 
 was CT'ceted on Centre street 
 in 1>!4S. This is a stone 
 
 ediliee in the Ciotllic style of 
 arehiteetun'. In l^SO, this 
 ehnreh was entirely renioil- 
 eled, and adilitions ha\-e 
 since Keen made thereto. 
 
 The reetor is the l!ev. .1. 
 
 .McMpine Ilardini:'. 
 
 Trinity Chnreli was or- 
 i;ani/e(l n|ion the twent\'- 
 third of Sejiteniher. hS^S, 
 with seventi'en iiieiiihers. 
 At'ti'i' holilini;' services in 
 various huildings, tlu' eon- 
 
 al'epition oeeuiiieil its |iresent ediliee n|ion Aeadeln\' street on the thirteelil h of 1 )eei'lnhel'. iMiO. 'The 
 huililinu is a larLi'e and handsome eililiee, and has a rectory attached, which was purchased in h'^TT. 
 
 Thcjiarish huildinL; was occn|iied Chi'istmas day, INSl, and has since I n eid.ai'iiiMl. In 1 SS."i, |he 
 
 chancel was enlar.L;i'(l, and in IS'.I! the structure was tlioi-ou^hly i'cno\aled, and i> now. with its 
 various huildings, one of the lliicst chui'chcs in the State of New Jersey. Its i-cclor is thi' l!e\'. 
 Jo.s,.j,h C. Hall. 
 
 Christ Church was Imilt to me(t the wants of the |ieo|>le of ( 'hamhershui'L;. This is also a 
 tasteful ediliee. and is located on Hamilton avciuic, (ai the collier of Wdiitlaker. Its ri'ctoi- is the 
 Rev. ]']dwar<l .1. Kniiiht. 
 
 Tin: lioMA.x C.\iiioi, u's. 
 
 TltlNirv P. E. CucRrii aN'd R|.:rT:il;v -einucll Khkcti:u in- l.sfiO. 
 
 The sia'vii-es of the lionian ( 'at holic ( 'liiirch in Trenton were Hist held in ISOI. from which 
 time until l>;i4 missionaries frei|Uciitly visited the city. Tin' I'esideiice of .lohn 1). Sartori. on 
 
 Feileral street, was fii'i|ni'nl ly used for this 
 ]iur|iose. In ISM. a hrick church was erected 
 n|ion the cornel- of Liimhcrton and ^Market 
 streets. The numlier of llomaii Catholics in 
 Trenton hv |.S|(i h;id ima'eased to the extent 
 III. 1 1 SainI .iolnrs. now the Church of the Saered 
 lliaii. was crci-tcd on liroad street. In 1S."):>, 
 the ehnreh was further enlarj^ed. and in IS'.IO 
 the ])resent heautiflll ediliee was hiiilt, with a 
 |iriesls' house on the north side of tlie eluireh. 
 Ill 1.S7I. till' Lamlicrtiai street school was 
 cri'cted. which had urown out of tin- parocliial 
 school of the Church of the Sacreil Heart. 'J'he 
 i;e\-. I'ather Thaddeus Hoiian is the rector. 
 
 On January, 1S71, Saint Mary's jiarish. 
 being all that i)ortion north of the creek, was set off from Saint John's jiarish. upon which day Saint 
 Mary's Church was consecrated. Ten years thereafter, thi.s church hecame the cathedral of the 
 Diocese of Trenton, which embraces all of New Jersey south of the Itarilan river, includint; Warren 
 and Somerset counties. The (ir.st Bishop was the late Michael J. O'Farrell, who has t^incc been 
 \v 
 
 Kll:->| CAltlol.i' Cm I:' 11 Wh Si M< 
 
170 
 
 THE CITY OF TRENTON. 
 
 .siKTtT<K->l liv the lit. \l<\. .Jaiiio A. .M(l'";iul. TIjis in;i^aii(irciit cliurcli. wliicli cost f<|l)(l.()(«). is a. 
 nioiuiiiH'iit to till' uiitii-iii.i.' iiiilusti-y of llic \U-v. Anlliniiy Smilli. Attadinl \<> Saint Mary's is the 
 |.ar..cliial scImkiI, wliicli was liiiilt in 1S7(», and the jiricsts' liousc cTcrtcil sinm after Saint Mary's 
 hcranie the eatheih-al. Tiie reetor of Saint Mary's is the Very Kev. Father Fox. 
 
 I!t. IIkv. MienAKi. .1. ( )' F ai;i;ki.i,. 
 
 111. Kev. -M. .1. O'Farri'll. the lirst ISislidp of Trenton, was iiorn in the city of l,iineriei<, in the 
 vear l.s:;o, and made liis early stiuHes unckM- tile Christian Brothers, and in .Ml Hallow's College, 
 the fanions missionary institute. 
 
 lie linished his career as a student iu the College of St. Snl]iice, Paris, and heeanii' a memher 
 of the Sul|iitian eonununity, a hody of priests solely devoleil to the work (jf training young men for 
 
 til,, priesth I. J'.eing in posse.ssion of an intelleet heyond tli<' avei'age, the future r>i-h<j|j made a 
 
 hrilliaut course, whose i'ai'l\' |iromise was cci-tainly more than eai-i-ied out in his eareei-. In tlie 
 noted Church of Saint (lerniain de- I'lvs he received major orders, hut was not ordained priest until 
 
 aftir his arrival in Canada. His su- 
 perioi's scut him to tlieii- well-known 
 semiuaiy in Moninal while yet in 
 I )eacon"s orders. 
 
 rpon his elevation to the higli 
 olliee of ihe jiricstliood he was ap- 
 pointed to the chair of |ihiloso|ili\' in 
 the seminary, and tilled it with dis- 
 tinction, until sieknoss compelled his 
 sujio'iors to relieve him of a post for 
 which liis tastes and his training had 
 well fitted him. He Was then made 
 pastor of the Church of Saiul .\nn, in 
 the city of Montreal, a parish adndn- 
 isteved liy ihe Suljiitians. The|ieoplc 
 wei-e Irish ami the childi-cn of lii>h 
 settlers. It wa> thought that the 
 change froni the routine life of the 
 jii'ofessoi' to the more varied one of 
 the ]iarish priest ^vonld restore his 
 failing health. He repeatid as a pas- 
 tor of soids the success he hail won 
 in the chair of jihilosophy. He huill the fine schools wliich honor the parish of Saint .\nn. and 
 gave a new impetus to the spirit of his ])eo]ile. He showed great power as a ]ireacher, and in a 
 verv short time hecame one of the popular si>eakers of the city, invited to s]ieak on noted occasions 
 ami alwavs listened to with interest. The measure of his jioiiularity can he miderstood hy the fact 
 that he was chosen to deliver tlu' fimeral Mrnmn over the remains of DWrey AlcCee, an address 
 which called fortli the hitter ilenunciations of those who applauded the assassination of McGee. 
 Father O'Farrell was well on the way to hecome a leader in Israel, when his superiors saw fit 
 to remove him from his jiastorship, and to send him as assistant to the parish of St. Patrick, where 
 lie remained in ipiiet ohseurity long I'mmgh to determine his future course, lie had iMcoincwell 
 known to the country at large hy his career in ^^ontreal, and the annotmcement that he had ilecidcd 
 to leave the Sulpitian society and Canada at the .same time, hrought him invitations to enter more 
 than one diocese. 
 
 He came to New York in 18(J7, and was ajipointed to Saint Peter's CI uu'ch, in ]}arelay street, then 
 administered hy the late Vicar-General of New York, Mgr, (^linn. .\fter six years' lah-.r in this 
 district he was made jia.stor of Saint Mary's in llondout. liis stay here was hut a little over ,six 
 months, hecause in the spring of 1873, the jKirish of Saint Peter's heeoming vacant. Father O'Farrell 
 was named its pastor in succession to ]\rgr. (iuinu. it was an honorahle and important position. 
 
 Cm It' H '"I- Tin; Saiuki) Hi'.aut. 
 
ItT. Ri:v. ^^Il ll\i:i, .1. d'T' \ltiu i.l.. 
 
THE CITY OF TRENTON. 171 
 
 The ('atliolic ]K'ii|il(' (if till' jiai-i-li at that tiiiir wiit twmty tlidiisaiiil strmiL;-. 'I'lirrr arr iVw nnlilrr 
 parishes in thr ^\ll|■lll, iHThaps. than was Saint I'rlrr's thi ii. The wtwk was scvcit, luit iahnrn-s wrrr 
 nut frw. Till' chirf anxirty iif tlir nrw pastiir was tn srciiiT liuiiij sihniils fur thr chiliiri-n. anij in 
 thrir interest ill' hnih the wrU-known scIhkiIs uf Saint Prter's, whirh have cilnrateil a lii'iirratiuii, aniJ 
 liave,L;iven ]iriests tii tlie ( 'hniTJi ami ui mil eitizrns to tlie Staff. While attrnilin^- tn his pai-ish. l-"alhci- 
 O'FarrcIl fuuml tinir tu imlnl.Lre his Invent' study ami t" Imilil n|) a rc|jutatinn as a in'rachn- ami 
 lertnrer : ahlf, intrrrstinu' anil instrurtive. It was imt sui-pvisin;:, thrrefnre, that at a |ii-u|)ri- timi' 
 hr slinuM he rlinsrn t'nr the llnlinrs nf the episenpatr. 
 
 In ISSl he was uanii'il lii'st liishnp nf Trentnn. lie was ennsccrateil nn XuNrinhn- l>t, issp hv 
 Canliual MeClnskey, ami JJislmii Ryan, nf Hnll'aln, preaehril the serinnn of lhr nrcasiun. 
 
 JIany things may lie saiil uf Rislmji ( )' FarrelTs ruling- nf his dinei'si- ; hut thr t;iTatest praisr fur 
 him is that he was always the fathiT nf his priests and his pmplr ; iirntlr. arrcssihle, intn-cstrd in 
 their wurk, careful to make authnrity Inved ratlua- than diradi'd. Althnunh an i'asv-L;uiiit; man. hr 
 was jinssessed uf areat tart and nf L^reat fnree nf iliai'arti'r. I'l-rhaps unly the frw w Im knew him well 
 riTilitrd him with thr lattrr, hut a few notahlr instanrrs will slinw that thr stananmt is nu| LM-uuml- 
 li'ss. In ISS-l he made his visit ml lliiiliiu tu Itmnr, and 1 had Ihr huiiur uf airum|iaii\inu him. 
 What a pleasm'e it was tn travrl with a man uf his sunny trni|iiTaniiait .-iml ariat hi-luiii-.-il Iraniiiii; 
 ran lie stlppusrd. The .scenes uf Eurnpc tnnk nu a dnuhlr interest Undel-|he li^hl hi~ kliuwlelu'e 
 slied nu them. \\'e jiassed thrnutfli Ireland, then in the midst nf ]inlitie;d tiimull. lhiuii;^h ihe 
 scenes nf his student days, and came at last tn Kume. On the day nf his audieiiee \\ith the rnpc, 
 In which I attended him as Seci-etary, he said that if he got an up|iurf unity he \\nnld nienliun twu 
 matti-'rs tn the I'lintilf. < )nc was the cunditinii uf Ireland, the uthei- the ap|ininlmeiit uf ,i enadjulnr 
 Bishnji t'nr the dincese nt Cork. He got the uppurtunity. Fnl- tliree-ipiaitel'S nf an hum- he was 
 I'lnscted with I'upe [,en. while I .aw.lited mv turn tu see the I'npe ill the .lUte-cliamlier. When 1 
 
 was finally sent I'm- .lud I'>i>hnp ( )' Farrell intrndueed me tn His IIuliiie~s. 1 s.iw lh.it the lli-lmp 
 
 had heell n\erennie with elllntinli, and there Were traces nf tears in\ his cheeks. lie liild me the 
 
 story atterwards. 
 
 The truiihles in various ]iarts uf the ('linieh were resting heavily un the mind n\' the I'upe. .-ind 
 he seemed tu he glad uf the ehaiiei' tu mihurden his mind tu the .\nierican llishup. I le spuki' nf ihe 
 cnadjuturship of ("ork, which had imt heen set I led. nwing tn dilliiadties springing fmin I rish | ml i tics. 
 The nne name nn the list sent in hv the priests nf Cnrk, which wnuld certainly he as aeceptahic tn 
 the peujile of Cork as it would he hnnni'alile tu the church and useful tu the dincese, was the name 
 uf lir. ( )"CaIlaghan, a Dnminiean, then jiastur nf Saint Clement's Church in IJ.nnic. Hishnp ( )' l^n-rell 
 was well acquainted with the temper and sentiments nf the priests and pen|ile nf Cnrk. He asked 
 the l'u|ie if lli~ 1 luliness cared tu hear his npiniun uu the matter, as well as un the cunditinn uf 
 Ireland. Leu gave him ]iei-missiun tn speak freel\-. liislmp ( )' l'"anell leeumniended iheappuint- 
 nieiit nf Hr. O'Callagh.an tu the see uf ('ui'k, and gave hi< rea<niis : he then went dee|ily intnthe 
 Irish i|Uestiun as he had seen and studii'd it Imlh in liehind •■iiid in .\nicrica ; and made the I'npe 
 thurnughlv undei'stand the\iewsuf the Irish and the 1 rish-.Vmcriean ]ienple as tn the nnly enurse 
 to lie ]iursueil in securing the interests nf the naliun. The I'npi' was assailed daily with repurts nf 
 
 so ennti'adietnrv a charaeter that it was refreshing tu him tn he.-ir tl piiiiuns uf an .\merican, 
 
 linliiased liv any other interest th.in that of the people and the ( 'liurch. I le listened and i| nest ioned, 
 and at the close thaidccd the Ri^lmii fur his frank expressinii nf \ie\vs. It is im|mssilile In say what 
 inlluence this iiitcr\-iew had U|iuii the I'npe. Len esprcssed his deep Inve I'm- the li'ish and interest 
 in their attem|it In right the had cunditinns uf I-lnglish rule. That was all. 
 
 liut the ncNt day came the aunnuuccment that the Dnminiean O'Callahau was nami'd enadjutnr 
 to Cnrk, tn the jny uf the .Natiuiialists. On his way humc, l'>isliu]i O'FarrcIl was present at tlie 
 con.seoration of Rishop Ilealy, of Sligo. After the ecremuny at the cathedral, sixteen P>islin|is and 
 one liimdrcd priests sat dnwn tn a hampiet in the tnwn hall. It was still early in the histury nf the 
 I'arnell niuvement, and snmc, and nnt a few, at the feast were not in syni]iathy wilh the new Irish 
 movement. Some were friends of the l<jiglish rule, even. It was not, therefore, a slight task tn 
 address such a gathering witli a eandnr, the plainness nf speech used that day iiy Hisliup O'FarrcIl. 
 He spoke witli care and gentleness. He descriiicd his talk wilh the I'npe, dwdt nn the evident 
 course which event- in Inland were taking, gave clear expression to the strength nf .Vmcrican 
 opinion, and closed hy warning the assenihled Rislio|).s that they were holding their people in too 
 
17-2 
 
 THE CITY OF TREXTOX. 
 
 tijiht rein— tliat to (■(Hitiinu' so iiu'iint serious ilan-cr ; tlicy had always liccn distiii.truisluMl as 
 kwlers of tlic i.co|.lc. lirst to show tlic way. hut tliat a I'aUuiv to uiKhTstaiwl and follow the siirns 
 of the tiuK'S would end in their heiu-- left hehind, wliile the i.e.ii-le went on without them. T 
 mention the.se ineidiMits to sIkw tlie taet, tlic courage, the ahility, the gentleness with whi.h the 
 lirst IJisho]! of Trenton handled matters that might have hivniglil a man of weaker character 
 
 to grief. 
 
 He was a true scholar. lie sjioke French lluently, and was ac(|uainted uilli Italian and 
 (lerman; he had a solid and loving aci|Uaintance with English literature, and was a reailei' of all 
 literatures- his chief study was history, and with his wonderful powers of memory he attaincl 
 extraordinary excellence here. When Father T.>m I'.urke was put forward to answer the English 
 eritieof Irish historv. .Mr. Fronde, it was to tlu' lihrary ..f Father ()' Farrell. a1 lloiidoul. and toils 
 owner, that the great Dominican went for aid. Charles Dana, of ••TheSmi."' had a w.irm appre- 
 ciation of his learning and character, and often li<ire ti'stimoiiy in print and on lie- puMic platform 
 to his esteem for lioth. He was a lover of i-hildren. a love that showed it-df in lM^ ,-implc delight 
 
 in tlieii- company, anil in the dcip .ind frnilfnl 
 intei'i'st he todk in trui' fducalioii. lli- died 
 .\pril -.'d. l^'.il. and in hi- death we lost as 
 tru>- a man and a^ learned and upright a JJishop 
 as the New ^'ork iiro\ini'e has ever seen. — 
 ■■ ( 'atholie l'"amilv ,\nnu:d."' 
 
 \\r. l!i;\-. .Iames ArcasriNi': Mc F.u'i.. 
 
 lit. Kcv. .lames .\uguslinc Mid-'aul. D. D., 
 r.ishop of 'rriMiton. c^ame lo ihis country from 
 Couiil V An I rim. 1 icland. in I S-M . I Ic had there 
 hceli horn the si xtli day of .1 urn- uf the pi'exious 
 \i-.\v. l''(ir four \'ears he li\ed in ^'e^\ \'oi-k('ity 
 and then moved with his parents to Hound 
 lirook. in llii- Stale. Hd'c I'.i^laip Mid'^iul 
 
 spent several years of his hoyh land young 
 
 manhood. Thi' schools of Weston and Mill- 
 stone a tTordi'il CM (111 ait facilities for thr acipiire- 
 ment of knowli'dgc. and he made the ln'St use 
 of his opport unilic^. 
 
 'I'lic town iif Hound Hrook h.ad not at tlint 
 time a Catholic Clinrcli. and indccil hnl few of 
 its inhaliitants wire Callmlics. His dcNout 
 panaits. howc\cr. seldom missed attending 
 mass, in the diiu'ch at Itarilan or .\e\\ liruns- 
 wick. and at these times of worship they in\ari- 
 ahlv were accompanied hy their son .lames. 
 When onlv nine years of age liislmp Mi l'"aul received his lirst holy communion from a 
 r.enedietine Father, now ISishoii Seideiihusli. and a fiw years later coiilirmalion at the hands 
 of .\rchhisho]i iiavlev. Shortly hefore this a Catholic mission was estahlishe<l at Jiound 
 r.rook and he often assisted in serving ma.s.s. He s])ent three years of study in Saint \'incent\s 
 College, lieatty, Pennsylvania, and afterward entered Saint iMancis Xavici-'s College, of Xew 
 York Citv. .\fter linishing the eour.se offered there he h.id a Ihorough cla>sical ednialion and 
 was fully prepared to ohtain the greate.st po.ssililc henelils from a philosophical and theological 
 training. The famous Seton Hall College, of South Orange, Xew -Icr.sey, eounl> him as one 
 of its most illustrious alunmi. He was graduated therein lS7o, rcieiving the degree of .\. M. In 
 1S77 he was ordained to the priesthood. He was appointed to take the plai-c of sick ]iriests lor 
 short periods in I'aterson ami Orange, and was then assigned to SaiiU I'atiick's Church. .Icrsey City, 
 as an a.ssistant priest. After two years spent there and in Saint I'alrick's Cathedral, .Newark, and 
 
 HAIN'T M.MtV'S CATtlKliHAI,. 
 
Kt. Kkv. .Iamks a. Mil'-Aii,. 
 
TliE CITY OF TPvENTOX. 
 
 17:^ 
 
 Saint rotor'p, New P>niii>\\ ick, lie luiaiiic assistant to \'i( ar-( tcncral Smitli, "f Saint Mary's Catlir- 
 ili'al. in tliis ritv. Wlii-ii tin' si'i' nf Trcutdn was crcctrd and tlic ncwly-a])|i(iinlcil l>isliii|i, .Mirliacl 
 .1. ( )' Karrcll. liail srlcctcil Saint ^iai-y's as liis latluili'al. the l')isli(i|i natin-aily liail aKuinlanl dpiioi-- 
 tunitv tn lioc(.)nR' ai-i|uainl('ii with tlic yuuni;' ]ii'iest wlm was su faitlifuliy discliariiini;' his (liitics as 
 assistant. Tlio ISisliMp sdnii I'nuniltliat lie was wurtliy nf i;i-(ati'i- I'cspiinsiliilitics and lariziT u|]]iiii-- 
 tunitic's of nsrfulncss. llr apiiuinlcd liim his Sc(a'ctarv and aftci'wards pastor of Saiiil .Mai\'s. Star 
 of the Sea, in huim llrancli. New ,lri-sry, in May, ISS.",, ami foi- nearly ciuht years tlial chlTKailt Held 
 was tlie scene of his ahle administration. 1 le sueeeeded in ereetinii the ( linreh of Saint .Michael, at 
 Klheron. Ujion tlie death of l''ather Smith, ISislioj) O'Fai'rell called his yonni; fi'ienii, l''ather 
 jMcFaul, rector of Saint Marv's ( 'athcdial ami Chancellor of the <lioce.-e, whiili was followed 1)\- his 
 ajiiiointnieiit as Vicar-( leneral. 
 
 Fi'om this hi nil position he was chos<'ii to succeed liishop ( )' I'arrell. Uishop Mid''aul is helovi'd 
 li\' all of the connn\inicants of the C.itliolic Clnnch in this city. 
 
 Saint Francis of Assisium sii'cw froni thi' Chapel of Saint I'^rancis, which was lucalcd on the 
 corner of Lanilierton and Market streets. 'Idie mendiers of the I'omaii ('atliolic f.iith who w ei-e of 
 Celti<- extraction then erecteil Saint .lohn's ('Innvh, and the (Ici-nian ('atholic- had not snllicient 
 strength to sustain a separate ort;anization. Mr. I'eti'r ]Iaii:ous pui'ch.ased the eh.ipel, which h.id 
 })ecn closeil. and gave it to the ( I en nans. In 1 St ')•">, the congregation ocenpied the .Methodist chniih 
 on Front street, and in ]S(i(> the m-w church was conscci'ated. .\ piiisonagc was also ei'ccted in 
 1SI)7. The new (diiu'ch on Front strci't was lirst nanieil "S.aiiif r><iiiifaie," which was, in JStiS, 
 changeil to Saint Fi'ancis of ,\ssisiuni. In lS(i'.(, the Fi'an<-iscan Sisteis took charge of the pai-o- 
 chial schooL The I!ev. .Toseph Thurues is the [)resent rector. 
 
 The enormous gro^vth of tin' city's foreign population has c.aiiseil, wiihin 1 ln' pa-t dcc'ndc. the 
 erection of the heautiful ( 'hui-ih of the Immaculate Conception, which is upon ( 'hi-slnut .avenne. 
 The Rev. Francis Lehiier is the i-ector. (hi Ilandall avenue is Saint St.inisl.-uis', of w hich the itcv. 
 Felix I'lai'an is jiastor. Saint -hiseph's ('h.apel, on Sheiinan a\-enne, has foi- its ii'ct(pr lle\ . M. 
 O'Ficilly. The Polish Chnivh of the Holy Cross is situaleil on the cornel- of .\deliiie .in<l C.i-s 
 streets, with tile Pie\-. X'aliaitine S\\ iiiarski, rect(.ir, whilst Saint Mary's (Creek) is upon tin- corner 
 of P>road and Cass streets. The pastor is the Uev. Theodore Danjanovicz. 
 
 The ^IirnionisTs. 
 
 Methodi-m was introduced into d'reiitoii in the year ITiiti hy Captain Thoiiia- Wehh. of the 
 l!riti>h ariiiv. The lirst years of the Methodist socii'ty's existence were spent in ]iurely missicpiiary 
 Work. The l!ev. Francis ,\shiii'y early caine to this city, as the ^ 
 
 citation from his diary shows : "-^ 
 
 "j\ray Tth. 177- — Went to 'rrenton. hut as the court was ^ 
 sitting, I was oliliged to jircach in a school house to hut few 
 people, and as there was soldier,s in town, I could hardly pio- 
 cllle loilgingrt." 
 
 The corner-stone of the lirst Methodist cliurch in this city 
 was laid hy liishop .\>hnry. .\pril -J'id, 177o. This meeting- 
 house was locateil on the coi-iii r of IJroad and .\cadeiny streets, 
 the di'cd rei|uiring that preaching lie had in this meeting-liouse 
 "(/■(/•(/ inil: iliii/ ifiiiiini. I I'l 1-1/ iiiit, {lull iriri/ iiiiiniiinj itl jtrr 
 o^rldch-, as Well as upon Sundays.'' l)uring the lievohition, the 
 society hecanie weak in niimliers, and the uieeting-house was 
 useil as a stahle. In ls(l7, a hrick huilding was erected, which was usi'd i'y the Methodists until 
 
 sold t.> the Orthodo.x Friends in |n:'.7. In that year, tl Id '■(Jrcene Street Chiiivh" was huilt. 
 
 and here is to he f(Uind the sum and suh.stauec of all later movements of Trenton Methodism, In 
 time this huilding hecame too small and too |ilain for modern ideas ; in eonse(|iienee. the congrega- 
 tion decided to hiiild their present superh church editl<-e. This huihling was dcdieat.'d May -Jlitli. 
 IN'.).'), and is now known as the First Methodist Church. The project, while long talked of, has 
 hein carrieil out iluriiig the successful jiastorate of the |iresent minister in charge, Kev. .lohn 
 llalidlev, it- success has hecn laiirelvdue to his ciVorts inid to those of till' ellicielit HuildiMg 
 
 Fiist Mttluidist Mcctiiij; House 
 
17-1 
 
 THE CITY OF TltKNTOX. 
 
 !m:m. siKKi I M. E. I'm lii II 
 
 ('oiniiiittci', .Tiiil.tic William S. Vavd and .Messrs. 
 William I'. Hayes, JoHipli ^'. i>aiiiiiiiir, Israel 
 Unwell. I'. .). Kite. Hiehanl 1'. Wilson and Seiia- 
 tur William II. Skirm. 
 
 Trinity .Methodist Ki)isco|)al Cliureli dates its 
 oriain to the Front Street Methodises, who were 
 organize(l in ISjCi. They ohtained eontrol of the 
 old Duteh liel'oi-med Chnrch. In 1S()(), this 
 clmi-eh was sold to the Roman Catholics, and the. 
 |-"i-ont Street Methodist Cliureh heeaine Trinity 
 .Methodist, .\ftei' worshi|iint;- in v.arions j)laees, 
 linallv in a plank huildinir on .\eadeniy street, 
 the I'errv sti'ec-t site was imrehased in IStiS. 
 X'arions adililioiis have sine<' lieeii made to the 
 huiMinL;. The prescait pastor is the I!ev. John 
 
 II. I'.o.well. 
 
 The W.in-en Street Methoilist l\pi<eopal 
 
 li (linnli wa- ornaiii/eil on I'eiminiiton avenue in 
 
 |SI7. in a Sumlay-si-liool mission sent out from 
 
 old (Irei'ne Sti-eet. On M.-iy Stii. IXo'.l. in view 
 
 of this movement in that part of the city, a frame 
 
 ,.l,apel was <'reeted on Warren street. .\ s.K-iety eonipoM.! .if tliirty-foin- of the Civene Street 
 
 Chureh memhers oruani/.<-d in isiill. In lS7(i. tli.' present strn.tun' was Imilt. The pastor is the 
 
 I!ev. Joseph (iarrison. 
 
 State Street Methodist k'.piseopnl 
 Clmreh was another <-hild of old Civene 
 Street Church. ( )r.<;ani/.i'd in 1S.")'.I. its 
 iirst place of worship was Temperaiuc 
 Hall. In IM'iO, the presiait hrownstone 
 ehurch was huilt. and in ISfili the parson- 
 ■A[SV was erected. Within the |iast few 
 years, the church has Ih'cu entii-ely 
 renovated and handsomely decorated. 
 The pastor is the I!ev. Jose]ih Iv Smith. 
 Central Mcthoili.-t Kpiscopal Cliureli 
 was oriiani/.ed in l-Siil. an<l duriuL:' the 
 next vear the c-oULrrcuation occupied 
 their new iiuildinL; on the corner of 
 ilroail and Market streets. The chui'ch 
 was di'dicatcil in ISIiS. niid its present 
 pastol' is the l!c\-. .lames F. Moore. 
 
 The dev<-lopmcnt <if our suhnrhs 
 has Ud to the most widely spread 
 missionarv projects upon the jiart of 
 the .Methodist Church in this city. 
 Sonu' i>f these ehtn'ches ari' now of 
 niarkcil inllui'nce. Cpon the corner of 
 I'.road street and Chestnut avenue is 
 Uroad Street Ciiurch, whoso jiastor 
 is the Rev. Jose])li F. Shaw. Wcshy 
 Chureh is located on Centre street. 
 hetweeu Federal and Cass, and its pastor 
 is the l!ev. Charles II. l^Mer. On the 
 avenue of that name is the Clinton 
 Avenue Cluirchj whose pastor is the 
 
 riifr^ 
 
 I li:-^! M. E. CilLIU H, DKblCAlKD AIaV 2bTU, IS'Ji. 
 
FiasT Battist CiirRfii, Kukcte!> in 1S60. 
 
THE CHTY OF TIU':NT()N. 
 
 17') 
 
 Ckn'TRal M. K. CiirRfit. 
 
 Hamilton Aneni'K fll. K. CuriiiH. 
 
 Rev. C. 8. Miller. ()ii lliiiniltdii avenue is :i I'liiii'eli nf tlie <aine name, with the Wiy. Ivlwin It. 
 Bruiivate as |jast"i'. Saint I'aul's is lueateil nn S|iiin'j sli'eet. aial is a hanilsmne ediliee. Its |iasti>r 
 is tlie Uev. S. K. Iliei-;nian. jlni'ini;- IS'.L") a mis-idn ehunli was estahlisiied at Hmail Street 
 
 i'ark. uinlei'tlie |iastiiiate nf the Itev .hisepli ( '. Kul|i. 
 Twii .M'liean .MethmHst l']|ii^e(i|>.Ll ehui'ehes are at 
 
 |il(>ent (I'eeteil ill this eit\'. .Mnlllif Zinll. wilieil is 
 
 Icieateil nil I'eriy 
 street, was huilt ill 
 ISl'.l and i-ehnih in 
 1 S."iS, a II (1 Saint 
 J'aul's, nil Will'iW 
 street, is 111' niiire l-e- 
 eent develiipiiieiil. 
 
 'Till-: Tji'Tiiicif.^Ns. 
 
 The ( i ernia II 
 ICvanLiidieal i.iithi i- 
 aii Trinity Cliiireh 
 
 LireW nut i if tln' 1111- 
 sellisll lahnrs of tlie 
 l!ev. .\. .1. ( leisseli- 
 haiiiier, iif New 
 
 ^'nrl<, wlln. ill IN'll. 
 
 came to Trentnii anil |iieaeliei| in the ( u'riiian laiiiiiiaue tn the ( ei-nian eolony. .Mr. ( ieisseiihainier 
 eventuallv eanie t<i Treiitdii, i>iiichase.l a lot dii r.mail street and in ]s:)-2 a small Kriek ehlireh was 
 (ledicated thereon. A small seli(ii>l-li(iuse was also eiveteil. In 1 Sod. the eoiiL;re^alioii hei'ame 
 ineor]iorated, and in lSo7 they |iureha>^iMl their eliuivh |Mo|ieity. 'I'he eliiinh \\'a- enlai^ed in 
 INdo. and in 1S77 tlie im^eiit hiiek stiiietiire was huilt. The [lastor is the Itev. l;inlol|ili (hrlaeli. 
 
 The Evanirelical Lutheran ('liii>t Chnivli was oiL:ani/.ed in .Inly. IsCi'.l, the iiieiiiheis wor^liipin;: 
 in the (ierinan Lutlieran eliureh and in the Court House. In |S7o a stone clmreli on the e'onier of 
 (ireenwood avenue and Conover street was huilt. The iti'v. 
 A. P>. Killiiioer is the jiastor. 
 
 The (ieniian TjUtheran Cliureh of the Advent is located 
 on till' eoriiia- of iJroad and Maloiie streets, and was la-ei-ted 
 to sii|i|ilv the demands of the (lerniaiis of ( 'haniher>huri;. 
 The pasti.ir i.s the Uev. John J. lleissler. 
 
 The ]^..u>tists. 
 
 The close of the I'evolut ionai'v war marks the initial 
 inoveinent of the l!a|)tist faith in this eily. In 17^7 the l!ev. 
 Peter Wilson jireached in the First ward, and on tlu' fourth 
 of March, 178S, five persons were haplized in the Delaware 
 river. The doctrines of this denoininatioii spread rapidly, 
 
 and in INO;!, on the twenty-sixth of Xovcnihcr, a meeting-house was dedicated. This was uj.on land 
 (leedeil hy Colonel Peter Hunt. In 1 SH.") an ortranization was elVected which hccame the Fir.-t 
 P.aptist Chureh. This eontiinicd prospcroii- until the separation liy a later pastor, the Itev. William 
 ISoswell, wlio, in IS:^;!, estahlished the '■ Reformed (ieneral liaptist Church." This separatist con- 
 gregation lasted until ahout \x:'>'k Their house was sold to the Second I'reshyterian Chureh. 
 Again in Au;.'ust, PSi:!, the Itev. .loliii Young resigned and formed the Second Itaptist Church, 
 which huilding was later occupied hythe Central P.aplist Chureh. Fpon .luly 2(Uh, ISliO, the 
 lircscnt edifice was erected, and in IMll the name ■■The First P.aptist Church of 'I'renlon "' was 
 adopted, the old name heing "The ISaptist Cliiireh of Trenton and Famherton." 
 
 #*i 
 
 Cf.nthai. R.mtist Cuiiuii. 
 
170 
 
 THE CITY OF TRENTON. 
 
 Ill lS(')8-(>fl, a mission was orcctcd in CliaiulnTsliurir, and in 1.S70, a similar jirojcct was siicci'ss- 
 lully att( injilud in the .Sixtii ward. T1k> present jjastor i.s the Rev. M. Penlield Fikes. 
 
 Tlie Central Bajitist Cliunh was organized on tlie thirtieth of Ai)ril, 1.S.54, wliieh ni'w Imdy 
 corporate occujiied the Imilding of tlie e.xtinet Seeoiid Baptist Clnireh. The ehureli, afti'r alteia- 
 tions and imiJiovcmeiits, was rededieated Mareh 3d, 1804. In 1S(')7, the Perry Street Chapel wa.s 
 erected, and a mission school was cstahlished in East Trenton. Jii 1S72 and since, the church has 
 
 i)een thoroughly re])aired and I'eiiovated. The jiastor is the 
 Rev. A. W. Wi'shart. 
 
 TIk' I'crry Street Chapel ot' the Central P.aptist Chiiivh 
 is the jiarent of the Clinton .\\cnue ]ia]itist Church. In 
 1S78, the latter ehurrli was organized with tliirty-two con- 
 stituent nieinhers. 
 
 The jiresent structun\ one of ]iai'ticular heauty, was 
 lirst occiipird in Feliruary, 1S7(). The pastor is the Rev. 
 .Tndson ( 'onklin. 
 
 '{"he growth of the old liorough of ( 'hainliersluirg leil 
 to the estalilishment of Calvary Baptist Church, at Clinton 
 and Itoehling avenues. The ]iastor is the Rev. .\. P. 
 Kn(i\\les. The clia|iel is located on Mullierry street, at the 
 cui'iici- of New York avenue. 
 
 The Fifth Ba]itisl Church, of which the jiastor is the 
 Wrv. .lames P. lluiitei'. i^ lucatcd on Centre street hclow 
 Landing. 
 
 Tlie Berean P.aptist Chun-h ( colored) was organized in 
 issn. with si.xtcen mcnilicrs. 
 
 .Messi;ih's Church, on the corner of Front and .Mont- 
 g(imii-y streets, was organized Fdirtiary '.itli. \s'i\. hy the 
 Rev. J). 1. Roliinson. The lirst church occupied liy this 
 congregation was mi the corner of Clay and Market streets. 
 < )n the lirst of .luue, 1^7-">, tlieii- ])resent church cdilice was 
 deilieated. '{"he l!ev. S. F. (irady is the jiastor. 
 
 liar Sinai Ilehrew Congregation was organized rirnnn 
 ISCid. the corporators heillg Simon Kahnweiler. Isaac 
 W'yman. 1 lenrv Shoiiinger. ilei-man Posenliaum, Mai'eus .\ron, L. Kahnweilei' ami |)avid .\(aid<o. 
 '{'he congregation met mi South Warren street, and afterward in the old Chancery huildiii;:. In 
 \^7'2. the .Montgomery street synagogue was jiurchascd from llii' Lutherans, who hail uscmI it as a 
 chapel, '{"he ralilii of {{ar Sinai is .loseph (iali|-iel, the President lieing Isaac Loweiistein and thi' 
 Secretary .1. L. lIei-old. 
 
 A Polish Ilehrew Congrcuatioii has also heen oigaiiized on I'liion street. 
 
 < I 1 N 1 . \ .\ 
 
chaptj:i; xxiv. 
 
 TltKNTOX IX TlIK ItKllKl.l.loN AND IIKIJ NATIONAL (UAIHi (>!•' To-DAY. 
 
 Tin-: Crrv's ATTrrrnic I'lMiX tuk ()|'i:mm: nv ihk Wai; I'li;! w i:i:\ iih.; Statics — Tiii'; ()i.i] Militia 
 
 SVSTKM Tin; CciMI'AMKS W'lIUII LkI-'I' VnU iUE FlIuN'r — Wai; Ti.MICS 1.\ 'rKKNTuN '1"|||; 
 
 NaTIiiNAL (ilAKIi AMI TIlK Xa\'AI, RlOSIJiXIO. 
 
 rjpi^ 111*- SriKIT iif patrintisiii wliicli .iinniatcil IJcxdIntidiiarv 'rri'iitmi in si'iidiiiLr tn IIk 
 ^ rniiks III' the ('iiiitiiii'iital liiir aiitl the St:iti' iiiililia the Ijcst nf lici- ri(i/cii>, ilid iicit 
 !^ fail wlirii ihc call fur incii aiinnunccd the (ijirniii;^ uf the war hrtwccii tlir States. 
 Ill sii|i|ilyinir iniai t" till tlic i|Uiita of tin' State, and thus oliviatc tin' <li-afl. Trent mi 
 i J^~7^-J enjoys an envialile reeord. Xnt niily the lliell, luit the Wiiiiieii, the latter in the 
 V IMV Vto iirii'ani/.atidii nf relii^f edininittees and in fnrwardiiiLr i^dods and elntliiiiL!' tu the 
 rva^tj,'^^ '• l')(iys ill lillle," ns|Miiided imlily til the call (if iluty. 
 
 (o i c) In till' iiriianizatiim nf the vnlnnteer euiiipanies nf infantiA ineii wliieh fmiii 
 
 2) New Jersey went unlilv to the front, it is imt easy tn say that this enni|iany nr 
 
 that was ('nin])nsed I'Xelusively nf Treiitnnians. The hreakini.' niit nf the Civil 
 war fniind the military nriianizatinti nf the Stati' nf Xew Jersey under the nld militia system. 
 Tieiitnii was i'e|iresentei| liv the M ercer ( '1 Hint V lii'iirade. It was the days nf the "Jersev nines," 
 the "Sniith Trentnii Killes," the "Sai'slield dnarils," the "Irish N'nlmiteers," the "Stnektnn 
 Artiller\." which had siiceccdcd the "I'hieiii.x Cniii|i:iny, '' the " Flyinir .\i'tillery" and similar 
 military assnciatinns. 
 
 rpi.n the fifteenth nf AlH-il. l.Sdl. came President Lilicnln's call fnr T'l.lKHl State militia, and 
 njinn the seventeenth nf tile >ame nmntli came the War i )i']iai'tmciit's rci|nisitinn fnr .New .lersey's 
 i|Unta. This was tn attach niie refxiineiit frniii each nf the fnnr military divisiniis nf the Stale. Of 
 this rei|nisitinn. the Third UcLdnient, fnr three mnnths' service, with William Xajitnii as Cnlniicl 
 and .lames S. ^'ard .-is Majnr. had ('niii|iaiiies .\, ( ', |) recruited in and arnniid the city nf Trentnii. 
 These three-mniiths' men Were enlisted tn scrxe until .Inly •'list, ISIil, wlieii they were tn he 
 mustered niit. lly virtue nf the first three-years' call fnriiatiniial defenders, issued under the ireiieral 
 nrders nf the War 1 )i'|iartment May, |N(il, ('nni|iany 1! was raised in Trentnii, xvitli Captain Sylvester 
 \'aii Svekell in cniiimand, .\ii act nf Cnn;:ress (-Inly 22d, ISfJl ) called the l'"nurth HeL'illient iiitn 
 iieiiit;. Cnmpaiiv P., Ca]itain Willi.im Sedden ; ('mnpany C, Cajitain iieathcnat .1. Dishrnw, and 
 Ci.mpan\- 1). ( aplain Samuel .Miilfm'd, lieini; lar;.'ely cnm|jnsed nf Treiilniiiaiis. Cmnpany .\, 
 re-ni'i;aiiiy,ed, nf the l'"ifth lve;.'inient was frnm this city, and its Captain was -Inliii W. Neal. Cmii- 
 
 jiaiiy K nf the sa rei^riment had Trentnii soldiery in its ranks. Of the Si.Nlh Kej.'imciit. a part 
 
 nf Companv .\, Captain Stephen It. (lilkyson, and Cmnpany ii. Captain Charle> i'^wiii;.', were frmii 
 the capital. 
 
 The .Ninth UeLrimciit had .Mercer County Killemcii in Company I'", whose Captain was William 
 
 1;. Ciirlis. Company M, .il.-n of tin- rcLdmeiit, Captain .Inseph M. MeChesiiey, was raised partially 
 
 in .Mercer cminty. The Tenth Ite^dmeiit was raised as an independent (iri,'ani/ati<m under llii' 
 
 supervision nf the War Departiaciit, and was called the Olden Legion. On the twenty-nilitli of 
 
 X 
 
178 THE CITY OF TRKNTON. 
 
 •LiiiUMi-v, ISCiL', the rcjiiiiicnt |i:issc<l uihUt riintnil of the State of New .Icrscy. In .\|uil. ISIVi, 
 C"iim]iany (1 "f tliis rcfriiiiiMit, wlmsc C'ni>tain was Cliarlcs II. McClu'Siify, now Cliirl' of I'olicc. was 
 raiscil in Trcntun. At this same jicridd, the Eleventh Keirinieiit was organi/.t'd, I'dnipany (' heinff 
 the Trenton ixirtion tliereof. .John .1. Willis was the Captain. 
 
 In the si>vinir of 1S()2 the Fourteenth lleginient was reeruiteil. Company 15 eoniposeil of 
 Trentonians. The Twenty-first Re.u'iinent, composed of nineinonlhs" men, had from Trenton and 
 vieinitv Companies E and II, whilst the Twenty-second Keirinient had ( umpanies F and ( '< as parts 
 of their respective orjiani/.ations. The Thirty-second Rcfiiment, or the Second New Jersey Cavalry, 
 had many Trentonians in Comjiany C, whose Captain was Edward 1". Mount. Company E, under 
 connnand of William \'. Seudiler, was also of this rej^imenl. Of the Thirty-seventh Itciriment, 
 Comjiany C was the Trenton oriranization, as was Company K of the Thirty-eii;hth He.L'imeiit. The 
 Fortieth llcLdment Companies E and (! were or;;ani/,ed in this city. Conijiany li of the Thirty- 
 fourth Infantry was partially a Trenton company, as was K of the Thirty-lifth Uc'^iment. Of the 
 live liatti'ries of artillery whii-h New .lersey furnished, none were raised in TTcnlon. l>ut many 
 recruits came from the city. 
 
 Inasmuch as Trenton was the seat of State ^foverninent, the city was the headi|Uarters of many 
 of the militarv operations of the State. The ( lovernor w.'is practically a resident of the t<.wn and as 
 Commandcr-in-Ciiief drew alioul him the leailinn niilitaiT spirits of the State and nati(in. 
 
 In Chamhershurir, at the outhi-cal< of the Kehellion, was situated Camp Olden, where the first 
 l\ine regiments were mustcri'd into service. This cani|i was sustaincil tmtil the sprinu' of 1S(J2, 
 wlu^n Camp I'errine was cstalilished. The latter was located on South 15roa<l street, near the canal, 
 and also in the '' old horou<j;h." Camp I'ei-rine renjaiiied until the close of the war. The rccruitiuLr 
 station and militarv lieail(|Uarti'rs of Trenton were u|ion tlie southeast corner of Front and Warren 
 streets, a spot known as the " l!endczvoU'<." The Thirty-fourth I'ejiiment and Second Cavalry were 
 encani|ied in Ivist Trenton, hetweeii the Inter-State Fair irrounds and thecanal. In ISIil the Cniteil 
 States <;ovi'rnment huilt the Trenton harracks in Millhani, faeinir Olden avenue. The markets on 
 Broad Street were at this time tlioroughly e(piipped, and the soldiers were ImjUently fed at the 
 vegetahle stalls. 
 
 The National Guard of the State of New Jersey was or.irain/ed by Icirislative enactment in the 
 vear ISd'l (March Oth ). ami is |irac'tically the active militia of the State. 
 
 \l its incipiencv the National ( iuard consisted of not more than si.xty com]ianies of infantry, 
 two hatterics of artillery and si.x cavalry companies. It was autliorized that these companies he 
 orfranized hy the Comniandei-in-Chief into not more th.ni three hriirades. The ]iresent National 
 (hiard authorizes sixt\' coni]ianies of infantry, two (iatlinu i;un companies, one seacoast artilleiv 
 com]iany, and four companies of colored nii'ii. 
 
 In Ti-enton, which is the headipiarters of the ScNcnth l!ei:iment. National Onaid .New .lei-sey, 
 are to lie found Company .\, organized Novendier .'tOth, l>>iin, whose armory is in Masonic Temple; 
 Company 1!, organized A]iril 1 Ith, ISC,'.)^ whose armory i.~ in Washiniiton Hall, and Company D, 
 (Myanized Jidy -iOth, ISCiil, whi<h also drills in Washington Hall. 
 
 It is of interest to rt'collecf, in coTmeetion with the Kehellion, that upon .Maivh lllli, 1 S(i-J. the 
 Trenton Arms Company was incorporated. There was .'i lapital stock of ^ 1 ."ii 1. ( 1( ID. divided in 
 shares of SoOO each, with jiowcr to increase it to -S KKI.OOII. 
 
 The corporators were Aaron H. N'ancleve. Charles Moore, .loseph O. i'.ieai-ley. Joseph C. T'otts 
 and Andrew (1. M. Prevost. 
 
 The eommandinj; oHieer.s of the Seventh Ilegiment areColonel, William II. Skirm ; Lieutenant 
 Colonel, Charles Y, IJaniford ; ^lajor.s — First Battalion, .\u.Lrustus F. Stoll, Second liattalion, .\ndrew 
 J, Buck, The Staff — Surj;eon, Charles B. Leavitt ; .\ssistant Surfreon, R. R. Rogers, Jr. ; Jud'ic- 
 Advocate, Chauncy II. Beasley ; (Quartermaster, Ceoroc T. Craniner ; Paymaster. C. Edward Mur- 
 ray; Inspector of RiHe Practice, C. Au>;ustus Reid ; .\djutant, Charles II. W. \'an Sciver ; .\djutant 
 First Battalion, Fredi^rick (lilkyson ; Adjutant Second Battalion, Micajah E. Matlack, of Mount 
 Holly. The Non-Conunissioned Staff is composed of Seri;cant-Major, i'l'ank W. .\llaire; Connnis- 
 sary-SerLfeant, Horace Biddle ; (iuartermaster-Ser<;eant, Piiilip .\rnoM : IIos]iital Stcwanl, l'"rard< 
 II. Lalor ; Color-Sergeant, Charles Mutchler ; Right Cencral (iuide, John (!. Ross; Left Cicneral 
 (Uiide, William E. Pedriek ; Bugler, Fred. F. C, Woodward ; Drum-Major, Jaeoh \. Rooz. Of 
 the Lini — Company A, Captain Lewis N. Clayton ; First Lieutenant, W. F. Skillman ; Second 
 
THE CITY OF TRENTON. 
 
 179 
 
 Lieutenant, ( iduvi'inrin- \'. I'ackri-. ('(ini|>any 1!. ('aptain, (u'oi-m' J,. l<'(innan ; I'Mrst Liinitcnant 
 William (1. Maililndc ; Srcuml Lieutenant, Frank .1. 'i'nweis. ('dinpany I), Captain, i;ernanl Rogers • 
 First rjeuteuant, Patrick J. Amiersdn ; Secdud Lieutenant, [■'rank .1. O'llaivi. 
 
 The recent impartial c|-iticism nt the Fnited States War Departnieni mnki's an exceiitioiiallv 
 line shdwinu' tor the militia of New Jersey. The cha|iler relating: to the National Cnanl of .\c'\v 
 Jersey .t;ives in detail the statistics of the hrij^ades, re.ninients and liatta lions, with full information 
 as to the stafY ilepartnients. 'i'he .Vmhulanee and I'losjiital Corps is praised for its liiL'h detiree of 
 I'lliciency, as is also the Sitiiial Corps attachccl to the Si'conil llriuade. 
 
 Under the head of "Drills and Ceremonies," it is remarked that "the |irolieienev of the 
 National (iuard is creditahle and sati.sfactory,'' while the persuinu'l and discipline are referri'd to as 
 follows : 
 
 "The ]iersonnel of thetiuard is e.xeellent. .\ numher of the Lfciieral ollicers and theii- stall's 
 and the Held and rei,'imental staff ollicers. saw active service duriui;- the Civil war, ;is well as some 
 heinu- .<rraduatcs of West Point and .\nnapdlis. ^hlny of the staff ami lini' ollicers are vouni.' men, 
 enthusiastic, anihitious and studious. The same mav also he said of the rank and lile, wIhkc 
 ages are from ei,L;iiteon to thirty-five years. The ilisciiiline is ^ood and insuhordiiiali.m is i-ai-e."" 
 
 This c.immcnt is particularly applicahlc to the Seventh Regiment and to the companies located 
 in tills city. 
 
 The Naval Reserve in this city was oi-gaiii/,cd under a recent act of the Legislature. The Mrst, 
 West Jersey or Trenton Division is locati'il in this city and consists of liftv-eiixht memhers, 'i'he 
 State Commander is ^\'illianl IL Ja(|nes, whilst of the 'I'renton Division tlie Set-retarv is Norman 
 P, Stahl ; Treasurer, Lloyd H. Roekhill ; Captain, Fred. F. ('. Woodward, and Ensign, L Scott 
 Scannnell. 
 
CIIAl'TKi; XXV 
 
 TIIK I'.KXt'll AND I'.Ai: nV l-UKNTi >X, 
 
 Till': Cai'Itai. I'lii': Miccca of 'I'lih: I'kaciitiunkks uk Xi;\\ .1i:i:si:v — Dk^nitaimics (if l\K\'iii.rri(iNAi;v 
 Days ami Tiikik I m\ii;iii ati: SrcrKssoits — 'I'm-: Uai; hi- iiii: Cit'i- (if To-Day. 
 
 II]'] 1!I'",('< )ItD of 'rrcntoii rdatiiii;' to tlic ciniiiciit Jcrscyincn wlio liavr irraccil the 
 \ licnrli or ailornril tlic liar, is the i'c<-orcl of tlic State. I'^vcii in coliniial tiiru'S, 
 / wlu-n tile Loiiislnturc met altcnialrl V at lini'liiwtoii and I'rrtli .Vniliov, the Suiircnic 
 
 Court sometinu's sat in Trenton, am! at least the connty eonrts of llunterilon 
 were liilil in tliis. her sliiie tow n. Dnrini:' the l!c\dlntiiin ami until IT'-H. when 
 the movement to make Trenton the State capital crystallized, the various State 
 courts met in 'J'renton. ami aftei- IT'.l'J we liml the sessions of the Sujireme and 
 ( 'haneery Coui'ts are held I'eiiularly in this city. Thus until to-day Trenton has 
 heen the .Mecca of the Icjal fiaternity. Here meet the Coui-t of I'j-mrs and 
 Appeals, the Cointof I'ardinis. the Supreme Court, in hane and in liranch, thi' 
 Chancerv Cmn't, of the State oruani/ation ; the Circuit, Common I'leas, Criminal and < >rph.ins' 
 Courts of the county system, and the Circuit and District Courts of liie I'nited States. Here are 
 locatcfl the Clerks of all these couits, ami hei'e jmlLiincnts, involving the rights of th(^ citizen, of the 
 corporation or of the commonwealth, aie pi-oiiomiccd. 
 
 The men composing tlie liar of the city of Trenton of to-day are the inheritors of a distinguished 
 ]i;ist. The hriglitest stars which ever graced the legal liea\ens of the har of New Jersey have shone 
 in Trenton. In tlie eai-ly days of the Itevolnti.in could he seen on the city streets the form of 
 Uieharil Stockton, signci- of the Declaration of 1 mlependiaiee, and one who decHned in 177li the 
 Chief .lusticeshi]! of ,\(AV .icrsi'y. Although a resident of Princeton, he and his sludent-at-law. 
 Jonathan Dickinson .Serjeant, afterw.ard .\ttoi-ney-l General of I'ennsylvania, weri' in attendance upon 
 tlie courts held in Tn^nton. Samuel Witham Stockton, the younger hrother of Richard, was a 
 negotiator of a treaty with Holland and returned to New Jersey in ITT'.'. He was one of the 
 Secretaries from New Jersey to ratify the Constitution of the I'nited Slates : appointed Secretary of 
 State after removing from Primiton to Trenton. He, in 17ll">, lost his life in this city hy heing 
 thrown from a chaise. 
 
 Colonel David Ih'cai'ly, outlawed in the •Mimes that tried meirs souls," served as the Chief 
 Justice of New Jersey, 177il-17.S'.t, and was one of the convention to draft the Constitution of the 
 
 United States. Hi- was a Judge of the I'nited States Court upon the occasi )f his death in 17'.'<). 
 
 The eccentric Samuel Leake, of Cnmhcrland county, hccame a resident of Trenton in 17S'"), where 
 lie remained until 1S2(), when he died. Richard Howell, (iovernorand Chancellor of Xiw Jersey. 
 17i)2-IS(ll, of a Delaware family, commenced his ollicial <-areer as Clerk of the Supreme Court in 
 17NS, and rcsideil during the rest of his life in Trenton, (iovcrnor Howell's jiatriolii' services to 
 New Jersey place him among the foremost rank of her honored sons. William Churchill Houston, 
 the litiriilriir-d\n\ piatriot, was Clerk of the Supreme Court from 1781 to 17S8, and resided in this city. 
 John Rutherfonl, at the age of thirty, in the vear 17i)0, hccame a rnifed States Senator. He was 
 a man of wealth and aliility, and had a residenci' at Trenton on the Delaware, from 17'.»S to LSO.S. 
 Lucius Horatio Stockton, brother of the " Duke," who succocdcd lii.s father at Morvcn, was District 
 
THE CITY OF TRENTON. ISI 
 
 Attumoy for New Jersey. Prcsidnit Aihuiis ii(iniin;itc(l Lucius Stdcktuii as a FecU'ralist, for the 
 positiiin of Seorctai'v iif War, wliicli. willi liis rcccntricitirs, pave irrcat citTciisr tn l'r('si<l('iit .Ictfcrson. 
 ^Ir. Stiicktiin, in Trrntim, aciniircil a lari;c jiracticr. ( )!' a man |irc-i'iiiiiiiiit at llic Tiriitnu liar — 
 Aaron Dickinsun \\'i»iilnitV — it iiia\' lie said tliat lie was Imi-n Srptc inlna- li'tli. ITti'J ; ildivcri'il tlir 
 \'al(.'(lictiirv at tlic Trincctun ( '(iniMicnccniciit ul' 177'-i; was ailniiltrd t<p tlir liai' IT'^J; was made 
 Attiiriii'V-( iciu'ial nf tlic State in 1 T'-i'J. and annually rc-ilcctcd. i\i(|it in 1 si ]. until I lis ilratli. Hi- 
 also served in the LejiislatuiT, and was inllucntial in liavini; Tri-ntun scJectcMl tni- the State capital. 
 lie was Iniried in the Trentnn ilmrchyard. wluic his e]iita|ih rcc(iid> that, ■' F(ir twcnty-foiu' years 
 he tilleil the inqmrtant station of .Vttnrney-Oenei-al with inc<irru|itiMi' inte^irity. .\dverse to le;.'al 
 suhtleties, his prnfessinnal know ledi;!' was ixei'ted in the cause ol' ti'uth and justice. The native 
 henevolence of his heart made him a patrun (if th(.' ]icHir, a dcfendei' nf the fatherless ; it exulted in 
 the joys, or participateil in the snrniws "f his friends." 
 
 The men wlm next a|ipe:ii- upnii the Held (if actidU wei'e those wIki Were liiirn durinu the Revo- 
 
 lulidU, and came t" maid I in time to enjoy its lirst fiiiils. Tl peiiiuL: of the present century 
 
 in Trenton finds .James ImvIul; in tlie city, and his sou Charles, aftciwanl destined to liecumc Chief 
 Justice of New .lersey, just Liradnated fimii I'riiiceloii and studyiiii; law with Samuid l.eal<e. 
 Although much in the acti\-e politieal life of his time, lie did not fail to culti\atc In II,. -i-l, ll ,■(.<. and 
 hecanie, in short, one of those men truly licloved and lioiioi-e(l. \\y untimely (leatli. his life was 
 shortened in IX-'l:!. .\n associate of Chief .lustici.' I'^wiiiLi was the lirilli.int Samuel L. Southanl. 
 Servinw as Law Repoiler. I'roseeutoi- of the Pleas, .\ssociate .lustieeof the Siipi-eme Court. Cnited 
 States Senator. Scia-etary of the .Navy, .Vttoniey-t icneral of New .lerscy, he claimed '{"reiitoii a> his 
 residence from l^fl) to is,';s. 
 
 Oovernor I'cter l)um(iiit X'room. sou of Lieutenant-Colonel I'ctcr |). X'room. was the leader of 
 the har durinu the middle of the present cent\u-y. .\t the .aiic of thirty-ciiilit. he hecaiiie the 
 E.xecutive. and \vas re-elected until IN^iCi, when he was compellc(l to decline future honoi's on 
 account of ill health. He was a participant in the " liroad Seal W'.-ir." as CouL'ressman-elect froiii 
 New Jersey, where he hecame the hero of the contest. From IS.'i.'lto I S.'iT, ( loviaaior X'rooiii was 
 ^linister to the Court of I'.crliii, after ha\inL! heeii a iiienili(a- of the Constitutional C(iii\-ciition of 
 1S44, and havini; (lecliued the portfolios of .\ttoincy-Ceneial and Seci-ctary of the .\a\y. ( iovernor 
 \'rooni, one of the most distinguished men of this c( ntiuy of national history, died at his home in 
 Tnaiton in 1n74. 
 
 (,»iiartermaster-(;(aienil Samuel 11. llamilton. althoiiuli l>y hirtli a I'rincctonian. later resided in 
 Trenton, and was the po.-scssor of a lariic practice throui^liout this section of the State. heiiiL' noted 
 as a trial lawv(a-. Cohaiel William llalstead. editor of the reports which hear his name, resided in 
 Trenton, whia-c he was interested in claim cases lu-oniilit a;iainst the Camden and .\nilioy railroad. 
 
 Chief Justice Henrv Woodlndl (dven. a Circuit praetiti r. in Hunterdon and Rurlington 
 
 Circuits, eschewed t lie political aspirations of his associates and (lc\iitc(l himself solely to the jirae- 
 tice of his chosen profession. .\s a memher of the Ciaistitutional Convention of lSI-1, as Chief 
 Justice and Chancellor, he carved for himself a name which has far more than local import. He 
 twice married dauuhtia's of Chief .liisti.c iMvin.i;. wliowa- his le.ual preceptor. Hy the names of 
 \'r(iom, (ireeii and Southard, we lind that of William Lewis Dayton, who. after an eventful life, 
 died as Minister to France in the year |si;|. Mr. Dayton's political career was long and honorahle, 
 and hears a striking rescmhlancc to that of his kinsman. Samuel Lewis Southard. A man of strong 
 will and givat intellectuality, he Idled the most important jiositious in New Jersey, and through 
 sheer ahility gained instant rccognilion at home. and alu-oaiL Stacy Cardincr I'otts, eclitor, autlior, 
 Clerk in Chancery. Law IJeviser. Supreme Court .lustiee, was a ivsidiait of Tnaiton during sixty 
 years of the jirescnt centnrv. He was an .alile lawyia-. one of the earliest collci-tors of hooks in the 
 city, and a man of sterling integrity. His lnothi r, .loseph C. i'otts, the editor of (he •• New Jia-s.y 
 Pvcgistcr" (LS87), was a lawyer of this city. Of other niiai of this i.erioil there were James Wilson, 
 first Prosecutor of the Pleas of the county of Mercer. Clerk of the Supreme Court. an<l for many 
 years the oldest memhers of the Trenton har. Isaac W. I,anning was admitted to the har in 1S:'.L 
 an<l l)ecame (me of tlie most distinguished practitioners in the State. Within tlie memory of even 
 the youngest memhers of the har are the names of Caleh Smith Creeii. Lay Judge of tlie Court of 
 Errors and Ajijicals, whose .servi<-es to Princeton Piuversily au<l the (irecn Foundation School at 
 Lawrenceville, are his cmlnring monument ; of Augustus (i. Itiehey, whose association with linancial 
 
ISO TlIK (ITY OF TRENTON. 
 
 iiistitutions iind wlioso lopil ;il>iliti<'S wnn him a ]<];\vr as (•(Uiiiscldr ami (linctnr with niihuail curiJO- 
 rations ; of Kilwanl Wallace Siiulilcr, whose fairness in decision and courtesy to the l)ar, leave only 
 the liai>i>iest recollections ; of Barker (iinninere, the last great tower of lejial strenu'tli to he sliattered 
 l)V the Destroyer, after a record honorahle alike in politics and at tiic har ; of the late Judjre John 
 T. Nixon, of the fuited States District Court, whose activity in politics in the southern ]iortion of 
 the State, and his honesty and ahility jjained him presti<re ; of Frcilerick Kiii.i:iiian. ulm hrjran life 
 as an assistant to James Wilson, in the Supreme C.'ourt Clerk's olIic<'. refused ]iolitic:d ]ii-(fcrnient. and 
 died full of years and honors. 
 
 Such ari' some of the men who liavi' made the har of the city of Ti-ent<in famous. Could an 
 analvsis he made of all the incidents of their lives — varied and complex as they wen — it woujil he 
 a iiicture of Stat(> progress. Ihit what has l>een done can he re-accomplished. The har of this city 
 oecui)ies a jtosition second to none in the State — not only for intt'grity and ahility, hut likewise for 
 its <:eneral reputation throughout the State and nation. 
 
 (!i-:.\i-:i!.M. J.VMKs F. Itrsi.iNc^ was hoi-n at Washington, Warren county. N. .1.. .\pril 1 Itli. INol, 
 liut his father, (iershom Itnsling, removed to Trenton, X. .1., in IS!-'). He was sent to Pennington 
 
 Sennnarx- in iS.'ill, and gi-aduated with lii'st lionors in IS.'ii'. |i eiliately aftei-uai'd. he was 
 
 adnuttecl to the .lunior Class at 1 )ickinsoii College, and gi-adu:ited tliiTe with honors in l.S-')l, and 
 delivered the Master's ()|-ation ami recei\-ed his ilegree of .\..M. theic in \sr,~. 
 
 Soon after graduating he was elected i'rofessor of Natural Science and liellcs-Lcttrcs at Dick- 
 inson Seminarv, Williamsport, I'a.. and serve<l tliere elliciently from 1 ^-^ J to l.s,"i7. At the same 
 time he reail law, and was adndtteil to the Pennsylvania har in 1>^.')7, and to thi' New .Jersey har in 
 ls.")'.t. lie settled in Trenton in 1S.")1), and continued to practice law tln're mitil .\ugust, IStil. 
 when he entered the I'nion army as Fii'st Lieutenant. Fifth Itegiment. New .lersey N'ohmteers. 
 He served all thmugh the Civil war in the .\rniy of the I'otom.ae. to the fall of ISH;!; in the 
 Department of the Cumhei-land, to >innmer of lSl').'i; and in the I'nited States Wai' De|iartment, 
 to SeptenduM', IS(i7, when he retir<'d as Jlrigadiei--( lenei-al, I'nited States \'olunteei-s ( lire\-et ). 
 "for meritorious ami di>tingiiished services, wai- of ISiij." He was thus five times proiiiote<l 
 on the rcconnnenilation of such olUccrs as (ienerals Mott, Berry, Sickles, Hooker, McClellan, 
 Thomas Sherman and (d'ant, ami servt'cl in succession at regimental, hrigade, division, eor]is. 
 armv, department and general I'nited States .\rmy headc|Uarti'rs — a record uneinialed in kind hy 
 anv New .lersey oilieer. licturning to Trenton he i-esunied the pi'actice of law. and in ISfiSwas 
 nonnnatcd for Congress hv the Kepuliliean party. Second New .lersey District ( ovei- ix-( lovernor 
 Newell), hut was defeated hv a small majoiity, this di^triel heing heavily Democratic, :is then con- 
 stituted. In ISCi'.lhewas appointed I'nited States Pension .\L;c'nt for New- .lersey hy President 
 (Irant, ami re-appointed until 1^77, when the .New .lei'si'y agency was aholisheil, with others, hy 
 consolidation. Since then hi' has heen engaged in general law |ii-aetiee and real estate husiness, 
 making a speeialtv of pension cases, ami is now <-oimselor-at-l.iw in all New Jei-si;y and I nited States 
 courts. Of literary pro<-livities, as an author he has writtcii eonsiderahly for various periodicals: 
 for the -'(Juarti'rly lleview,'' l.S.')'.)-l.S();] ; ■• United States Service ^fagazine" ami " Harper's Maga- 
 zine," l.S(;:!-lS(i() ; "Century," •• Christian .Vdvocate," and other newsi)a])crs fre(iuently, to date. 
 In h'^7'> he puhlishcd a volume entitled ".Xcniss America, or the (ireat West and the I'acifie Coast,'" 
 heing an account of his travels then' when lnsj)ector Fniteil States .\rniy, which the press noticed 
 very handsomelv, and which passed thi-o\igh two editions. In ISSti he wroli' a " History of State 
 Sli-eet M. K. church, Trenton. N. .1.," with a sinnmary of the early history of .Methodism in 
 Trenton and New .lersey, conlainiMg information of great value. 
 
 In lS7(i he delivered the annual address at hoth Dickinson Seminary and Dickinson College, 
 and in 1 SSS the amnial a<ldress hefore the Alpha-Omega Society of Pennington Seminary. Tn 1SS9 
 he delivered the Fourt h of Julv oration at Ocean drove, N. .1., in IS'.tlan address thereon the 
 " .March of Methodism," and has heen a frecjuent speaker at literary, political and religious gather- 
 ings in New Jersey since l.S.")l). He received the degree of id,. D. from Dickinson College in lf<!)0. 
 He was Prcsiilent of the .Mercer County Sunday-School .Association ls7')-lS7i;. and Trustee of 
 Pennington Seminary 1S(;.S, and, with the exception of a year or two, has heen Trustee ever since, 
 and I'resident of the Board of Trustees since 18S.S. lu ISSS he founded the " liusling .Medal " for 
 good conduct and scholarship there. He joined the Methodist Episcopal Church in isps^ ami is 
 
(iKNKKAl. .IaMK-' ]■'. KlSl.lN.. 
 
THE CITY OK TIlKN'l'ON. 
 
 18Ji 
 
 imw a iiii'iiilicr aiiil 'I'nistcc (if tlic State Street M. K. Cliurcli of tliis citx-. 1 1 is fatlier, frrandfatlier 
 
 ami ul'eal-i:raiiill'allier w Cl-e all .Metln idists liefure llilii tur a eeiiturv m- liimc-. lie was eleeti'il nlie 
 (if tlie ( leiieial .Maiiai;ii's iif the < leiiei-al M issiiHiai'v Smiet \- M. E. C'lmreli ISS'.). and \"ice President 
 1S'.)'J. and made a .Maiiauer nf the S(ieiet\- nf tlie Sons (pf the American I!e\(iluti(ill, New .lersev, IS'Jl. 
 ( )n January 1st, l.S'iS, (ieneral Kuslini: niai'ried .Mi>.- Marv 1''. Winmi' ( dauudiler of liev. Isaac 
 Winner. l).l). ). wlm died the same yeai-. ( )n .lime .'Kith. 1^70. h,. niarrie(l Miss I'^niilv W. 
 datvuhter (if Isaac W.n.d. I'^siinire, (if Treiitdn, N. .1. Twd children are the fruits (if this latter 
 marriage — James \\'., and iMnily W. — the fdiiiici- \\n\\ a S()|ih.im(ire at I'rincelun I niversit v. 
 (Ieneral llusling has always liccn i^rcatly intei-cstcd in e\ ( rylhiiiL; that ].erlaiiis Id the .L'ruwth 
 and [iidiircss (if Trentun. lie was (me (if the cailiot nicmhersnf the lldaid (if 'I'rade, and has 
 Iddkedwcll after the interests (if the city. F(i|- a nunilier (if veai's he has heen cni^aucd in (iiieiiint: 
 up tracts (if land in the did lidi-dniih df ( 'hainlici-shuri; ( imw (ine df the nidsl i-a|iidl\--iird\\ ini;- |iai-ts 
 of Trenton ), and in Hamilton tdw nslii|i adjdiniiiL:, and selling: them dIT in hits. cnahlinL;' the thdU- 
 
 sands df Trenton's workinnnien to |ii-d\ide thcmseh-cs with cdmfdilalilc 1 es at luddcrate (ust. 
 
 (Ieneral Uuslinii' has orjianiziMl and managed the Linden I'aik, Hamilton .\vennc. (Ireenwodd 
 .\ venue and East State Street, and the lldard Street Land .\<--dciati(ins, and in this w a \- h.as |ilace(l 
 U|i(in the market (i\'er tud thdusand ImildinL; hits, iiidst df which lia\-e liceii sold and manv of them 
 iiniiroved. He also o|ienc(l to the fice use of our citizens llroad Sti-ect I'.irk. (ir S|irini; Lake Park, as 
 it is sdinetimes called. This park, fur natni-al lic.iuty and charm df lake .ind w (khIs, is superior to 
 ('adwalader I'ark, the pride of dur city, and heiiiL: at the cxticme dthci' end df TrcnldU, it alTdi'ils an 
 opportunity for an outiiiL; to thousands who could ne\ci' take advantaLic of ( 'adwal.ider I'ark. 
 He lias heen an earnest ad\-oeate of (lUi- elceti-ic street i-aili'oads, and .an ai'dcnl friend of our 
 public schools and Iliuh School, and .ilso of our Slate Noi-mal and .Mmlcl S( hools. He h.is spoken 
 for goo(l roads, ii'ood streets, irood sewers and electric lii;hls. ami mav alwavs he counted on a> mi 
 the si(U' of [iro^rcss and reform. Some men as they i; row old hecome c(in>er\ati\-es or "old fo:;ie>." 
 hut (Ieneral Iluslinu-, though a(l\aneini;- in years, is always ahi-east of the times, if not ahead of 
 thcni, and few of oui' citizens are moic active an(l enlcr|irisinLi. (leiicial Jtuslini; has alwa\-s 
 hccn jironiinently idcntilied with the lienevolcnl ( nt( i|iri>es of Ticntdii. lie has L:i\-en lari;cl\- 
 to the erection and support of (huiches in this city and el>ewhcre, and is widcK- known as a 
 
 Christian gentleman. .Xo u | nimi m-u | cause, of w hate\ cr dcndmin.ilidii, fails to receive his 
 
 sympathy and support, here or elsewhere, to thi' extent of his ahility. 
 
 ^\'II,I.r\M L. D.wroN was Imi-n in Ti-cnton. New .Jersey. .\]iril l.'ltli. IS-'I'.). lie w. is cd uc.it ed 
 at the 'i'rcnton .Vc.idcniy .and Liradualed from the < '(ille;.;c of New Jersey, at I'rincetoii. in ISo.S. For 
 two veai's he studied l.i\\ in this cit\' under the tutoiship of his 
 father, Hon. William L. Haxlou, who was for nian\- \'ears a 
 pronnnent law ver in this eitv, and who died while holdiiiL: the 
 impoitaiit position of I'nited States Minister to I'aris durliiL; 
 the Cixil wai-. in l-SCil he .aeconipaiiied his falliei- to i'aris, 
 anil ser\c(l as .\ssistant Secrctai'y of the .\niericau l.cLiation 
 there until IMi-'i. Uetuinini; to Trenton, he resunieil the study 
 of law under ( x-( Ion cruoi' I'eler 1 ). Xrooni. ami was admitled 
 as an attoiaicy the following; yc.ii'. and as counselor in hsCi'.i. 
 In ISCC, (lov. .Marcus L. Ward chose .Mr. Dayl.m as his 
 Private Sceretai'x' dui'ing hi^ tciiu (if dUlec. 'i'w ice he has 
 served as eitv Solicitdr. i'^oi' three \-(ars hew.isa mcmlici' of 
 Conunon Council, and cnjovcd the unusual (li-limiion of 
 lieiui; I'resident of that hmly (luiiiiL; the whole time. He has 
 had the high distinction of lieing i'nited Slates .Mini-ler to 
 The Hague from 1N.S2 to ISS.'i. uiulcr the .Vrthm- administr.ilion. 
 He is the counsel for the Trenton I>anking Company, and 
 lias for several years Ikm.-u one of its Directors. He is als.i a 
 
 Hireetorof the Trenton Sa\ing I'lmd Society. .Mi'. Dayton was one of the organizers of the new 
 Mercer Hospital, and is President of its Pxiard of Directors. He has long heen an active mendier 
 and Trustee of the First Presbyterian Church. 
 
 \\ I l.l-l \M 1,. 1M\ IMN. 
 
1,S4 THE criY OF TUKNTON. 
 
 (iiCMCHAi. Sami'KI. DiNcAN Oi.ii'iiAXT was liiirii in I'aycttc cuunty. I'ciinsylvania, Ati.irust 1st, 
 1<S2(>. He was |ii-c|iarcil for i-nllcLrr at the I'liiinitiiwii Ai-ailciny and tlu' (inivc Acadcniy, at Stulicn- 
 villc, Oliid. Ilr matrii-ulatt'd at .li'llVrson Collcfic, I'nmi wliicli institutiim he was graduatfil 
 in tlicChwsiif ■ 1 I. After tiiis he tocik a law course in Harvard Tniversity. jiraduatinL' in lS4(i. Fmni 
 1S47 to ISl'd lie |practieed law in I'niontown and I'ittsliui'Lili. and was interested in various raili'oad 
 and uiaMufaeturinjf enteri)risi's. In the fall of 1^17. lie joined the Old I'nion \'oiunteers, in 
 Jaiuiarv, ISIS, Avas oonmnssionecl their ('ai)tain. ami in isl'.l was made TJeutenant-Colonel. His 
 actual war record was particularly noteworthy. In ISfil hc' entei'ed as Lieutenant-Colonel, com- 
 inandiuL; the unit'ornieil militia of Fayette county, I'ennsylvania. In \Si\-2, he was so hadly injure(l 
 in the lineof duty that lie was honorahly discharizi'd from the service on account of physical ilisahility, 
 hut in .) nnc. 1 Si',:',, \\r was a.uaiii a Me to enter the service as Major of the 1' n it ed Slates N'eteraii licserve 
 Corjis. In Autiust, he was made Lieutenant-Colonel, and in Octoher, Colonel. He was for some tin u' 
 the President of the hoard for the examination of officers reconnnended for iironmiiiin. and also senior 
 ollicer of a (ieneral Coui1-Marlial held in W'nsliintitoii. He served as Special Lis])ector of men in 
 hosjpitals, and .Inlv 1st, ISCii;, was rni.ally honorahly discliarj;ed with the rank of IJriuadier-t ieiieral 
 liv IJrevct. He received Ills lirevcl I'ank in -Inly, LS(),"), and was assij;neil to the eimiinand of the 
 Second iJriiiade of the ( lai'i-ison of Washiuiiton, 1 tistrict of Colnnihia. He partieipateil in seventeen 
 hattles and alVaii's, and always pta-formed his duty hraxely and counnendahlw In the s))rinif of 
 LS(>7, (Icneral Oliphant moved to Princeton, \cw .lei'scy, whci-e he lived ami ]iraclieed law seven 
 vears. .\ftei' 1S7II. however, he was nnich of the time in Trenton, as dnriui: that year he was 
 apiiointcd Clerk of the I'liiteil Slate- Circuit Court hy the late Hon. William .MeKenna, a posi- 
 tion which Ik' still holds. In 1^7 I. he moved his fannly to Trenton, and now occujiies his 
 handsome home — West State street on the corner of Calhoun. ( Icneral ( lliphant was for om> year 
 counsel to the iioard of Chosen {•''rceholders. Jle is .-i niemlni- of the L<iyal Lciiion and the Society 
 of the Army of the Potomac and Sons of the Revolution. In .Maiih. is |7, he married Mnry C. Camp- 
 l)cll, of rniontowii, I'enusy l\ ania, who died in ( )i'tolier, 1S7."), leaving; ten sons, nine of whom ar(! 
 now in aeti\e life in Ticnton. John ('., civil euuineei-. n(iW cni;a};c'd in preliminary siu'vey of Ohio 
 ri\ei and l'>i-ie canal ; Huiihes, of the Pellniark I'ottci'y Conijiany ; Richard ('.. President Trcnt<iii 
 M.alii'ahle iron Company ami mendier Common Council: Henry 1).. Heputy Clerk Lniteil States 
 Circuit Court : Nelson P., physician: .\lcxamler ('.. iiiadnatc Naval Academy, .\nnapolis, Mary- 
 land; Samnel P., .Ir.. lawyer of the lirm of i,owtliorp iV Oliphant; liohert ,\'.. of the Pellmark 
 Potterv Com]janv ; .lames \'., of the Pellmark Potter\' Com|ianv. and S\dm\' .M., of the Pellmai'k 
 Pottery Company, (icneral <)lipliant was aiiain married, this time to I'.eulah .\. ()lipli:nit. a 
 cidt\n'cd and accom]ilished wnnian of Medford, Xc'W .Jersey, and a mendier of the oldest (^naker 
 families of liui'lintilon county, (lenei'al Oliphant is a typical military <iHicer. [n his yonni^ia' days, 
 he was an elTecti\c puMie speaker, and took ureat interest in politics, heiuL; an active RepuMiean. 
 
 P>i:xxi;r \'ax SveKi:i., LL.l)., was horn in P.ithlehem. JLmtcrdon c'ounty. New Jersey, April 
 17tli, ]S;;(). His father was a successftd husiness man of that place, and his t;ran<lfather, Aaron 
 Van Syckcl, was at oiu* time SherilT of the county and a memher nf the State Leirislaturi'. 
 Judire \'an Syckcl was prepared for colleti'e at l']aslon, Pennsylvania, and was i^raduati'il fr^im 
 Princeton at the early age of sixteen years. He immediately entered the law olliec of Lion, Alex- 
 ander W'uvts, of {'"leminfrton. New Jersey, and made such i-apid progress in the study of law that 
 on the very day that he was twcaity-one years of age he wa> adnntteil to the har as an attorncy-at- 
 law. His commission as counselor came three years later. He hegan the ]ii-aetice of his chosen 
 ]irofession in Flennngton, New .lei'sev, and achieved such remarkahk' s\i<-cess thai in !'\'hruary, 
 LS(i!), he was ap|iointed Jir^tice of the Supreme Court of New .lei-scy hy dovcrnoi' Randolph, Wv 
 lias hcen continually re-a]i]iointeil at the cN[iiration of c.aeli term of seven years, and is now on the 
 latter half of his fourth term, .\t [ireseut he is the thii'd oldest Justiie in the State in [loint of ser- 
 vice. His district comj)rist'S Ocean and Union counties. In LS80 Princeton College conferri'd upon 
 him the degree of LL, 1), Judge \'an Syckcl movetl to Trenton ujion his appointment as Justice 
 of the Supreme C'ovirt, in isc,")^ and in the following year he huilt the large and handsome residence, 
 No. P2-3 (irecnwood aventu', where he has since resided. Lie was married in LS57 to Mary F.liza- 
 lieth, daughter of William H. Sloan, a prominent lawy(>r of Flcmington, New Jersey. They have 
 three children, William S.. a lawyer of this city; Charles S., Secretary and Treasurer of the 
 Trenton China Comjiany, and Bessie. 
 
(jKNKltAL ??AM( F;L D. OI.M'HaNT. 
 
TIJE CITY OK TUKNTON. 
 
 IS." 
 
 T>i:\vis Pahkki! was l>urn in South Trenton, ncnr liis present residence, on Novenilier Ilitli, 
 IN.'ill. (inuluatinu- at an early at'e from tlie Tn^iilon .\eaileniy. lie inmieilialely eiitenil npoii the 
 stmly of law with the late .Iml-e Sciiddir. .Mi'. l'ai-ker was adinitteil as an atloi-iiev-atda w in 1S(;1, 
 and as a eoiniselur in IMJI. .\fter praetieinu his <'hosin profession alioiil lixc \cai-s. he 
 was ealli'd to his present position with tlie Trenton Saxin-- l>'nnd Soeielv in .'-^eptcndMr. ISC,',). 
 Ml-. I'aiki'r has ser\-ed his natixc city and eonnty in a L;re;it \arii'1\' of posilions. which of tlicin- 
 selves s]ieak in the hiiihc^t terms of hi- fa it li rnlnc>s in ollicc. lie was ('omit\- Solii-ilor in ]XI\.', and 
 ]S(;4 ; City ."Solicitor in ISC,:;. ISCJnnd iMi-'i; nicnil nr of Conmion C, iniicij in ISCl.n,,! l'i-,~i,|cnl 
 of I ha I hody in jM ',■_', and ^\,as a No a mem her from 1 S7 | I,, 1S77, ||,^ \\a> .a mem her of the Hoard of 
 
 Scl I Trnslees in jSCil, and I'lcsideiil of the I'.o.ird from |S7 I to IS77. ||,. u-is level via- of Ta. \cs 
 
 foi-tuo terms. eommeiieiiiL: in hscd, hianu the lirsl l!eeei\ cr of T.-iM-of ihe i-it\-. .\s Tru^tie of 
 the Indn^tiial School for ( iii-ls lie lias served since ISSi), and is Secretai-\- and Treasin-er of the I'.o.-ird. 
 .,Mr. I'arkcr was appointed niemher <ir the r.oard 
 of State Hospitals in ]S'.)4, and was also the 
 l)cmoeratic candidate for •'oiiLiress from thi- 
 distri(-t in ISS-J. hut was defeated. lie sue- 
 eeeded in pnllinu <lowii the hepiiMican majorilN' 
 from three thousand to one thousand. In 
 lS(i4, Mr, I'arkei- was made County Commis- 
 sioner, and was inti-usted with pavinu o(T the 
 N'ohmtcer llounty hoiids. Previous t<i his 
 appointment as ( 'ommissioner he had drawn 
 U)i the resolutions lookini: to the olTerintj of 
 hounty. and had drafted the hill tocoiiliini the 
 action, which lie succeeded in i;ettini; throtnih 
 the State Le.uislature. Mr. I'arkei- is ,-in aeti\e 
 {)<\i\ l-"ello\v, haviiiL;- heeii a mi-mhei- of that 
 oriiaiiization since lsc,-_'. He has held the 
 position of (Iraiid Scci-etai-\- of the State i-mi- 
 tinnously since 1S71. lie was also (liand 
 liepreselltalive to the So\e|-eiL;n (dand LoiIlic 
 for three teinis of two years each, eommenc-iiit; 
 in ISS-J. His local menihci->hip is with StPiilh 
 Trenton J^odfic. Xo. .'!(;. He is a memher of 
 Trenton Lodt;e, Xo. •'), !■'. .-iihI A. .M.. and has 
 hci-ii ihroii-h all the ollices in that lod;:v. .Mr. 
 I'arkc-r is an orator of more than local reputa- 
 tion. He has frei|uently sjioken on the prinei- 
 
 jiles of ( )dd PelloWship and hree .M.-|Soiir\-, 
 and other matters, not only in this Slate hut in nearlv every State in the rnion. In early life he 
 was an active fireman in the X'olimlcer Department, and President of the old Delaware I'"i re Com- 
 pany for many years. He was also a niemlicr of the lirst I'.oard of fin- Commissioners of the 
 city and ser\-ed ;is its I'resident, He is an ellicient mcmlier of the IJoard of Trade, and has 
 l)('eii President for two terms. Alway> interested in the pi-om-css of the city, he has heeii a dilinent 
 student of municipal L'ovcrnincnI. and has frecpiciitlv suhmitted his views to the memhers in eare- 
 tlilly-pre]iared lectures. He served for one term in the lioai-d of Health, and had much to do 
 with the ]ire))aration of the oriuiiia! code, which is, to-day. the foundation of its leiiislation. 
 He has also heeii the Treasui-cr ,-iiid i:cncral ailviser of the Standard fire Insiirani-e Company 
 of Trenton foi- many ycai's. a~ well as the Presidciil of the Trenton (ias l.i^lit Company. 
 ^Fr. Parker was married .\piil I llh. 1 sc,s. to I.ydi,-i .\. Miilford, of Trenton. 'Hiey have one 
 dau;_dilei-. Mis. Harry V. .\uteii, and one son, \\'illiani .1. His lihrary, one of the larL'-esI of a 
 jirivale charaeter in Xew Jersey, c(,iitaiiis ahout fourteen thousand volumes, and is rich in iiiati-rial 
 relating' to his native State. He h.is written lately for the ])ress holli in this city and elsewhere. 
 His '■ Local neniiniscences "' recenth- piihlisln-d in a local paper L'ive evidem-e of his literary taste 
 as \vell as his assiduity in ^.'atherin^' together a larj;e act-umiilatiou of valualile local historical 
 knowludye. 
 
 r,l-;\VlS I'MtKKI!. 
 
ISO Till'. ( rry of tuenton. 
 
 lIci.N. JdiiN T. IJiKii, niic of Uic Vice Clianci'lliir.-^ nf Xcw Jorscy, was Imin in I hintcnluii i-cmnty, 
 Nrw -Icrsi'v. ill lS-_".t. lie spent his early years with his father at fai'inini.', ami in atteiiilinj; the 
 
 (•(,1 on sclidiils in the neiiilihorhooil, until Xovemher, 1S-|.^. lie took eharu'e <if a ilay school in 
 
 Monroe eounlv. Pennsylvania, durin-.' tlie following winter. In April. 1"<I'.I. he entered the academy 
 at iIaek<'ltslowii. and liintinned there for eijrhteen months. In a short time thereafter he commeheeil 
 the stu<lv of the law with .Vu.irustus (i. Itieliey. Ks(|uire, late of Trenton, who then n'sided at .\shury. 
 \\'arren coiintv. .\t the e.\]iiration of live yi'ars he was admitted to the liar, havini:' s|icnt one of 
 those vears in teachinji the jiiiMic school in tlie neijihliorhooil in which he was horn. lie receiveil 
 his counselor's lii'eiisc in l^H-i. lie ]iracticed law in Tluntcrdoii county fiom 1>^")") to iss-j. lirst in 
 r.loonishurv. then in Clinton, and later, in Flcmin-ton. the county scat. In I^Il'. he was made 
 Prosecutor of the Pleas foi- Hunterdon county, a position which he held for live years. He was 
 elected to ('ouj.'ress from the Third ( 'on.iii'e.ssional District, in lS(;,s. and re-elected in INTO. While 
 in Couu-ress, he served upon the Committees of Pensions and Na\al .MTairs. lie several tiincs 
 addressed the House oil the suhjects of tile Tariff uud Ivecolist nni ioi I. Ill pohtics, he liasnl\\:iys 
 Prcii a Democrat and an earnest advocate of Revenue Heform. In \>^7>'<. he was appointed a 
 iiirmher of the Constitutional Commission hy Coveruor Picdlc. On .\pril Sth, 1 SS-_'. Chnnccllor 
 Kimvou appointed him \'ii-e Chancellor, and at the eX|iiration of his term of seven years he was 
 re-a]ipoiiitcd liv Chancclli'r Mc( dll, ser\int; c(]iitinuously since his lirst appointment. I m inc. 1 lately 
 after his appointmeiit. Ic took up his residence in Trc'iitoii. I'>y virtue of the law crcatiiiL;- the 
 ollicc of X'ice Chancellor, he licais causes in eipiity. in the dilTcivnt dislriits throii-hoiit the Slate. 
 u]ioii such causes lieiiiL: lirst referred to him hy the Chancellor. 
 
 .loii.N P. St. MK'ro.N is one of the most jiroinineiit l.-iwycrs and politicians that this State has 
 ever produced. He is a son of Coiiniiodove Stockton, of the rniteil States Xa\-y. The siihject of 
 this sketch was horn in Princeton, New .lersey, AuiiUst I'd, IS'JIi. He was educated in his native. 
 
 town, and .i;raduatcil fr the Colle.L'i' of New JoTsev in ixh"i. He immediately turned his attention 
 
 1,, law and entered the ollii-e of .Tud,t;e 1!. S. Field, with whom he studied for several years. In 
 IS 17. he was admilled to the har of \e\v .lersey as an atloriii'y-at-law . and three years later, as a 
 counselor. Ciitil l^oT. he was diliiiciitly en,i;a.ued in the )iraclii-t of his cho>en |irofi'ssioii. and. at 
 the same time, he hei;an to come into pi-oiniiicnce. as a politician. DiiiiiiL: the adiiiiiii>tralioii of 
 President Huehaiian. he was selected to he ruited States Ministi-rto Uoiiie. and for four yc'ars he 
 faithfullv and etlicieiitly dischaived the responsiMe duties of that important position. In lS(il. he 
 returned to Treiiloii ami resumed the prai-tice of law. (o-iieral Stockton was elected 1 nited States 
 Senator for the si.\-ycar term comnicuciiii; March 1th. IMl.'i. hut after scrvini;- only one year, he 
 was unseated mi the urouiid of informality in the election. Iiaxiiii; hcen i-lectcd hy a plurality 
 wantiu'/ one of the majority of the whole luuiiher. He was re-elected for the term hcL:iiinint; March 
 1th, IMl'.l, and serveil the full term. His liheral classical and ]irofessional education and his loui;- 
 experience as a mciiilic'r of the har of New -liTscy. toufcther with his ministerial e.xiierience at 
 Home, and his jiarticipation in the jiolitical life at home, made him a \ery ahle ami useful ineinher 
 of the I'liiteil States Senate. He soon came to he looked upon as one of the leaders of the Demo- 
 cratic forces, and a \-erv worthy one he was. After leaviuu Congress he a^aiii took up the practice 
 of law in this city. He was not indilfereiit to politics meautinie. hut served his party w henevt'r 
 o]i|iortunity olfcred. He has hcen a delegate to several national Democratic conventions. Wdieii the 
 commission to revise and simplify the ]iroceediiiL:s and practici' in the courts of law was instituted, 
 he was a|ipointeil one of its nicmhers. and diil a large juirt of the work. ( )ii .\pril Sth. 1S77. he 
 was a])]iointed .Vtlorney-tieneral of the State of New .lersey, and has hcen i-c-appointcil at tlic 
 e.xiiiration of evi^ry tirm. l'"or several years (ieueral Stockton resided at his elegant home on West 
 State street, which he purchased of Mr. liahhitt, and which is now occupied liy Mr. F. W. KoiOiling. 
 (lelieral Stockton is at present making his home at the Trenton House. In ISj.'), he was married 
 lo Sarah Marks, of .Ni'W Orleans, Louisiana. They have Ihr.c children living. Their eldest son, 
 .loim P. Stockton, .Ir.. is connected with the Erie Railroad I onipany : their youngest son. Richard 
 Stockton, was, at one time. I'liitcd States Consul to leillcnlaiii. afterward Charge d'.Mfaircs, 
 Holland, and is now a incmlier of a New York impoiiing linn. Their only daiighlcr. .lulia, 
 married Mr. liichard C. St. .lohn, of St. Catherines. Canada, a civil engineer, now a resident of 
 Philadelphia. Mr. St. .lohn is now a naturalized citi/en. 
 
J1..N. .I.,]1N T. HlKl. 
 
'UK CITV OF TKKXTo.N. 
 
 187 
 
 William I\I. Lan.mm. was Iimih in KwIhl; (hw iislii|], Mci-ccr cuiinly, New .lii-scv, .laiiiiarv 1st, 
 ISt'.l. Ills anrcstors \\rrc aiiiniii; tin- iarlii>t scttliis nT .\c\\ ,l(isr\-, tlic I'aiiiiK' lia\iiiLi rrsidcd 
 within what is imw the liiiiit> of Mci-cia- ((lUiily siiiic lii'.is. |||. nhtaincil a lihi'val cihii-atii m at the 
 
 l,aw iTnccN'iUf Hii;h Sri 1. \vhiiicc he W!is liiadnalci] in iMlCi, |'"iir six \rai-s suhsc(|Uiait to his 
 
 liTaduatiDli lie tailLiht in thf di-tiii( ^chuuls of Mci-cia' (iiiinly, and IVdhi \S~-2 until 1><M)hc-wa.s 
 eni;ai;i'd in the sanir lajiariiy at the 'I'rciitiJii 
 Aca(h-ni\'. In tlic year lS7i'> In- was clcitiil a 
 .lustier I'f tlie I'eaei' in lM\ilii; tnwn>hi|i, and, 
 liaviiiL; 1111 previiius kimwledLie nf the law. stmlied 
 (liligeiitly to tit himself fui- the diitiis nf that posi- 
 tiiin. His study soon ireateil a decided leual 
 taste and he (h'tennined to make the law liis ]iro- 
 fession. Durint;- the last foui' yiais of liis stay at 
 the Academy he devotcil liis entire li'isure time to 
 l)re]iariiii;- for his life wdik. liclii-st studied law 
 with the late < ieori;!' Allen Amleisipn, rini^hiiiL! his 
 course with t Icneval lvlwai<l 1.. ( 'anijihi'll ; heiiiL; 
 admitted to the liar as an att"riic\-at-la w in 
 Xovemher, ISSO. Tliree ycai's later he was lieciisi-d 
 as a eounselov. In 1SS4 he w a- made ( 'ity Solici- 
 tor of 'rreiiton, ciiiitinnini: in that ca|iacity until 
 l'SS7. when lie was a|i]»iintcd .IndLic of the City 
 District Court. With uicat (ivilit In- |.rcside.l 
 ovi-r that court until IS'.ll. when, with otln r 
 District ('ourt .ludiics in New .leisi'\. he \\:is IcLiis- 
 latcil out of ollice. The laws of NeW" .Icrscy. |)uli- 
 lished in 1^S7 ill tin' " Sn|i|ilement to the Ih'vis- 
 ion," were comjiilcd h\' .Indole L.anniiiL; and the 
 Hon. (larret D. W. \'r....m. I'.y acts of the Legis- 
 lature in IS'.ld and IS'.l.'i these t^cntleini-n were 
 authoi'ized to eom|iile and |iulilish the entire 
 
 statutory law of tin- Slate, .ludi^e 1. aiming: is a I )ire<toi- and cinm-cl f.ii'the .Mechanio Xaticiiial 
 J'ank. ami from till- time of .luiluc ( 'aleli S. ( Irecn's ili'ath until .lanuaiw l.~t. 1 ^'.i I. was also counsel 
 fur the Trenton IlankiiiL;' ( 'om|ian\'. I le was a niemlier of the ('institutional ('ommissioii nf l.s'.l4. 
 In iss.') Jud^fe LanniiiL;' |iuMislied a limik. eiititleil ■■ lit l|i foi- Tow iiship ( Xlieers." wliii'h \aluahle 
 work has had a second edition. it is acce|ited in New .lei'sev as authority on tiiwnshi|i matters. 
 He was married Autrust od, IN^l, to .leiuiie lleineiiway, who for several years prior tii her inarriaLre 
 Avas spi'cial teaelicr of "Methods" at the State Normal School. 
 
 Wll I I VM .%L I.A.VM.SC 
 
 Euw.VHD (iii.VNT CooR isdeseeiided from all old Ewinii' towiishi|i family. Ili> father. William 
 (!. Cook was for a loutj time one of the most ))romiiient eiti/.eus of 'i'renton. lie was an active 
 husiness man, eonneeteil with m.iny nf ihe llnancial institutions of the city, ami diil a ^reat deal to 
 improve real estate here. Atone lime he owned more real estati' than any other man in the city. 
 He improved East State street from ahout half-way hetweeii I>roa<l an<l Warren stri'cts to where tlie 
 Hotel Windsor now stands, and huilt m.iiiy houses in vari<ius parts of the city. Mr. Ivlward (I. 
 Cook was horn in Trenton, New .lersey. May l-lth, 1>>I"). He was eilueatcd at l.awreiicevilli' and 
 Princeton, ^'raduatin.sr from tln' latter instituti'Hi with the Class of 'll.'). lie read law with the 
 Hon. .lames Wihoii. of 'i'renton. and took a course in the Harvard i.aw School, at Cainhrid.ire, 
 Massachusetts. In iNtJS, lie was adiiiitteil as an attorney, and in 1X71 as a e(umselor-at-law. Sinee 
 tlien he iuis heen doiiifr a lieiieral oilice ])ractiee almost exclusively, appearinji hefore the courts hut 
 seldom. He st'tties up estates, acts as trustee, iruardian, A'c'. He is a memlier of the i5oard of 
 Maiiajrcrs and Directors of the Mercer Hospital, and also a Director of the Trenton Trust and Safe 
 Deposit ('omi)any. Mr. Cook travels ipiite extensively in this and foreiu'u eountries. When in 
 Trenton ho occupies rooms in the State Street House. His ollice is at No. 27 I'-ast State street, 
 second floor front. 
 
iss 
 
 TllK CITY i)F TltKNTOX. 
 
 ]\Ik1!cki{ 1>i:asi.kv, Cliicl' Jti.-ticc of the Su|irciiii' Court of .Nrw Jrrscv, was Imni in I'liilailrlpliia. 
 IViHisvlvaiiia, in IS]'), while his latiicr, tiic Kcv. Frc(UTick Hcaslcy, was the hnnnnil i'l'oidciit of 
 11r' Cnivcrsitv uf Pennsylvania. W'itli his fatlior's assistance lie ])rciiarcil hinisilf fur eutranc'c in 
 the Junior Class of I'l-ineeton CoUejre. and after s|ienilint;(ine year in tliat institution h<' i-esunie(l 
 liis stuiiies « itii his father and soon eonuneneed to read law in the oHiee of Samuel L. Southard and 
 later with ex-Chancellor lienjanun Williamson, at Kli/.alieth. New Jersey. In l.s;'„S hi' was admitted 
 to the liar as an attorm-v and as counselor in ISli'. Coniinj: from a liti'rary family, his falhia- hi-inir 
 a L'ri'at s<-holar, he was verv fond of study and i-eseareh. and found in the study of law a ticM in 
 which he fairlv re\-eled. I''or \eai-s he studied i-arefully I'".ni:lisli law |iractice. eom|iarinL: it with 
 ours, thci-chv i-eccivinir the ])i-actieal as well as the Ihcoi-ctical side of a lawyer's echication. He 
 earlv iiained distinction as a s|ici-ial pleader. This was due simply to his ihoi-otiLih knowleili;-e of 
 the law as it applic'il to the case in court, and his well-traineil and disciplined niiinl. which enahled 
 him to follow his art;umcnts to Ihi'ir h.-ical conclusions. lie had eoulidi-ucc in himself and always 
 siioUe with assurance and -a dcu!r<M' of positivcucs^ which e.irrieil couxiclion \\'\\\\ it. lli' li.id a 
 stronii, loud, elVcctive voice, and as he i-ose to speak hi' reei-i\ ed I he undi\ ided a I lent ion of juduc and 
 jurv. While he was a youni: lawyci- in this city he sei-\ed .as ( 'ity Solicitor when ihal ollice paid oidy 
 
 .^l-"i animal I V. He .also si'r\ ed in I lie city Com n Council and in lS-')<t was I'rcsidi'Ut of that liody. 
 
 He reached suih a IiIliIi position in the har of .New .lersey thai in 1^C,| he wa> chosen 1 ly Coxcrnor 
 I'arker to hecome Chief .luslice of the Supi-cmc Court of New .Ici-sey. a position which he ha> lilled 
 w ith ma iked ahilitx' and liddity e\er since. Chief .1 list ice Ucasley is now the o|de-l mini her i if t lie 
 har in New .leisey, and is holding the liii;hest position in liis ]irofcssion in tlii> city. .Ml liranchcs 
 of science and reh;_;iiin have received his careful iii\i>tiL;atioii. and he is to-day undoiilitcdiy one of 
 the hest-iiifoiiiied men to lie found in the State I lis advanciuii years li:i\ e in no percept il ile deirree 
 dampened his ardor for stmly or oriiiinal research. He is fully alueasl of the times, imt only in 
 matters pcrtainini: to his ]irofession hut in current cxciits and in llii' discoveries of science, iVe. He 
 works now as easily as he did fmly or lifty years ai;o :ind with .is little fatiLiUe. ('Iiief .liistiee 
 r.easle\- has twice heeii honored hy lia\iiii:' the deiiree of lloetor of haws eonferred upon him, hy 
 rrineitoii Colle;:e in ISCil, and hy Uiitiicrs later. He has hecii twici' niarried. Iir>t to Mi,-> HiulM'i'. 
 of this citv. and the second time to ,Mi» ila\en. dauLihter of ( 'has. C. IhiMu. for many years a 
 proniincnt citi/eii of Trenton. Ileli.i>had four children, two >on> and tun daiiLihtcrs. His sons 
 liiith took up the profession of the law and attained eminence in it, hoth rcai'hiiiL: judiiohips, 
 .Mercer, .Ir., died .1 few years a,L:o. and at the time of hi- death was I'roscciilor of the I'lea- of .MelVer 
 coimtv. Cliaunc\- II. i> now .1 udi:v of the I )i^tricl Court, and is one of the most ]jromiiieiit lawyi'rs 
 in this cit\'. While his dauuhtcrs liasc not dexoted theinselves to the study of law they ha\-e 
 inairicd men who ha\c hecome prominciil lawyers in thi- city and State. <)iie of his d.aiiuhters is 
 now Mrs. .ludiic I'Mwaid T. Creeii, and thcothci-is Mrs. .1 iid-e William S. ( dimmiri'. Chief .fustico 
 Ucasley was raised an l']piscopalian ; his father was for several years rector of Saint .Midiad's 
 Protestant I'^piscopal ( 'hiirch of this city. He and his ,-on reside in a eomniodious residence. No. 
 Mo I""ast Stale street. AlthoiiLiii he is now seventy-nine years old '■his eye is not dim, nor his 
 natural force ahatcd." He seems as ymui^- as many men twenty or thirty years his junior, and 
 hids fail' to continue to diseliarL;e the duties of ins hii;h and important position for many years yet. 
 as all who have met him in social intercourse hope that he may. 
 
 Sa.mi i:i, W.\l,Ki:n, Jl;., is a native of Trenton. ha\-inti' heeii horn here ( )ctolier 1st. ISlid. His 
 
 education was received in the city puhlic scl Is, and he is a i;raduate of the Tnnton I lii^h .'School, 
 
 Class of 'T'-l. He entered the Law olllee of ex-. indue Iluchanan. and wa> .idmitted to the har as 
 attoriicv-at-law Novemher, ISS.",, .-ind as counselor .lime. ISSS, In l^'^l. he formed a p:irtncrsliip 
 with Charles l'>. Case, and for two years the\- eonducted a licucral law and leal e-late husiness 
 under the lirm name of Case iV Walkia'. In hS.SC, this partnership was dissolved, and since that 
 time .Mr. Walker has heeii dcxotiuL; his time and attention to his law practici'. which lias hecu 
 steadily inereasin.u'. Hi' was made a inemhcr of the Hoard of School Trustees in ISN'J. In |.S',)1, 
 he la'came a meniher of the lioard of Health of the city for a tia-m of three years. In iN'.l'i, he 
 was a]iiiointeil City Treasurer, a position of >;reat inii>ortance and rcspousihility. the duties of which 
 for two years he dischariicd faithfully and satisfactorily. He has also heeii elected Collector for 
 Mercer county for the tca-in of three years. He has frei|Uently heeii Chairman of the City Deino- 
 cvatic E.KWutive ('oininittee, and is one of the Icadinir Hiaiioerats of the citv. 
 
.11 i-;i. Wai.kkh, Jk. 
 
Tin-: ('^^^• of TijivX'rox. 
 
 ISO 
 
 -IniiN l!|.:i,i>TAi; was liuni Sci.lnnlxr TJlli, l.S.')S,:it 'I'lviildii, New .Jctscv, when- lie lias virluallv 
 livcil iviT siiici'. iIiiiii,l:1i soiiic Vi'ars a^^o he inuvnl \n tlic IkhoiiuIi uI' ChaiiilMi-liinv, tn liccninc 
 tlic iMiniULih S<ili(itiir. Sodii aflci', Ikjwmvci-, lie liccaiiii' a I'csidciit of 'ricntun a,L;aiii li\ the aiiiirxa- 
 tidll (if ('liaiiilMislmrL; to tlir i-ily nf Tiviildii |ii(i|iii-. In 1S77. I,,. t,,„h ii|i llic sludv uf law. 
 n-istcriiiLi' with Levi T. Ilainniiii, and (•..ntiniU'd his studies until tin- Niivrnih<r 'rcrui nf l.ss-j. 
 whrn he was admitted as an attuiiiry-atdaw. in ISS'.I. hr was clcrlrd i"\\v Suliiiinr, ami the 
 same year was admitted a- (dunsrlnr-at-la w. lie lilhd this |iii-ili(in until is'.lL'. when. n\\ 
 account nf Dcniiiiratif Ic.uislation, hr, with dtlins, was Ici^islatrd uut of i.Hirr, Inil tliinut:ii a 
 ri'sturatitm of the law s tnidiT wliidi he lirst luld ollicc, licwa.- auain clirtcl to that |iosition. and 
 has crc'ditahly disrliarucd the duties of that olliee ever sillee. In thevcai- ISM), .Ml-. Ivellstali \\a> 
 married to .Mai-y I,. Fiamis. of Tivnton. New .Jersey, Two chiMreii were horn to them, hoth of 
 whom dieil in infanev. 
 
 (i.ViniKT DoKslOT M'Al.r, VlaioM, son of the late CoveHKir I'eler Ituinoiit N'loom and ^i-and-on 
 of rnitcd States Sen.itoi- (iarivt I >. Wall, was l.orn in Tivnlou. Deeendier I7tli. |S|:;. .\fter a 
 preparatory course at Ti-enton .\eadeniy, lie eiitei-ed ilut,i:crs ColleLic ^r^i'l'ial in- thia-efrom in the 
 Class of '(I'J. .\fter studyiuL; la w w ith his lather, .Mr. \rooni \\a~ 
 adniittcil to thi' har in thi- year IsCio. lie at once hcLian tln' 
 ]iracticc <if his profession ,at 'ri'eiiton, w Ik i-e he has siiici' residid. 
 Mr. Vrooni was elect.'d City Solii-itoi- in ISCid. .and lu'ld thai 
 ofliec until ISTII. ami aiiaiu from ISToto \S~t\. lie was appointed 
 I'rosecutoi- of the I'leasof Meiver county in M.av, I S7(). Id succi-cd 
 (General C. I\. Hall, dive.ased, which ollicc he resitinid in Deeini- 
 hcr. ]M7d, on heiiiL; appointed llipoitia- of the Supreme ('dnrl. 
 From ISSl to ISSrS, ^Ir. N'l'ooni was Mayoi- <if the cit\- of 'i'renton. 
 aud on the (a'cation of the ilo.ard of i'liMii- Woik^ ,,f ij,,. .itv of 
 Trenton, was appointed a memhci- and held the ollicc of i'i-esid(ail 
 throughout the c.\istci\cc of that hod\-. In 1N77, in conjunclidn 
 with the late .Idliii II. Stewart, he ]ircpai-ed fur puhlication the 
 ■■ l!evi^idn df the Statutes df New Jersey," under the dircclidii dt 
 the coiinnissiducrs, \\hich pulilieation inclndi'il the statutes re\ised, 
 as well as the entire body of the statute laws of the State. In I Sn7. 
 in conjunction with tlic Hon. William .M. i.aniiiiii;. Mr. N'room 
 issued the '' Supplement "" to the alMi\-e " l!c\ision," and in IS'.tl 
 
 those gentlemen were authori/ed to prepai'c :i new llevision in t hree \ ohime-;. entitled '• The ( Icucral 
 Statutes of .New Jersey." This will incluile the hody of the laws to .lanuarv' 1st. IMHi. 
 Mr. X'rooni is X'iec President of the (ienci-al Society of the Sons of the iii'volutiou and one of 
 thosfMuost instrumental in the organization of that hody in this State. iici-al>oa menihei- from 
 Now Jer.st'V of the National Connnis.sioii to Promote L'niforniitv of Laws Ihi-ounhout the Fnilcd Slates. 
 
 OMiitirr 1). W. Viiiiiivr. 
 
 Hon. J.\mi:s Piciiax.w was horn at l!in,troes. New Jersey, June 17th, TS.",<). .\flcr jiassiin: 
 through the common schools of lii.^ nati\'c town, and the acadini\' at Clinton. New .lersev, he pur- 
 sued a course of law at the .\liianv i,aw School. in .\o\enihia-. lMi|, he was .admitted as an 
 attorney-at-law in New Jersey, and settled in 'i'rcnion in i>ceeml>ei- of the same ycai'. hi .lunc, 
 ISC)'.), he was made counselor-atdaw, ami in |S7'i was .ndniilted as coun-dor in the I'nited States 
 .Supi'emc Coui't. .Iudt;c 1 huha ii.i n has held a numlier of puhlic posit ions. licj^imiiuL; w ith iJi-adinji 
 Clerk of the .New Jcrscv l.cfiislat ure, in iMill. and ( losinj: with his term as Conuressman, from IS.S,") 
 to \S'X',. While in Congress he was ev(a' on the side of the pi'ople, and guarded well llic interests 
 of iiis con-tituiaits, ilew.asa fi-eipicut ^pi'.ak( r on important hills and motions, .ami no incndici' of 
 Congress from this di-tiiet has e\( !■ ilischai'gi'd hi- duties more satisfactorily to the people th.an ilid 
 Judge l?uc]ianan. He ua.- a nieiiiher of thi' Siliool i?oard of this city for two ycai's. J udge of the 
 county of .Mercer for live ycai's. from 1^7 I to 1S7'.), and a men dua- of the Common Council in iss;) and 
 l.SSj. Since coming to 'I'rcnton he has lieeii an active memher of ihcCcnlral ISaptisI Cliurch. Scpleui- 
 her 2')tl), ixi).'!. Judge Huchanan was marrieil to .Mary Isaliel I'ullock, of i'demington, New Jersey, l)y 
 w honi he had one son, .\itlim . 1 1 is w ih' died sonic years ago, and, on N'ovcmhcr S|h, i XS7, ln' wa.s 
 
'.to 
 
 TIIK CITY OF 'lUKNION. 
 
 iiiairii'd to Irene S. Kouiies, df \\':isliiii<;t"ii. I>. ('. .Imlue liueliauaii's life in Cnn^Tess was a busy one ; 
 lie was alwavs al liis desk during' the sessions and knew exactly wliat was jrointi on. He serxed nn 
 the InlliiwiuL' eonimittces : Forty-ninth ('<)n<rress. T-ahur ami Claims ; Fiftietii Conjiress, Lahnr and 
 I'atents ; Fiftv-lirst ('(int;i'ess. Judiciary. Falxir, Patents, and was ('haiianan of thi' ('onnidllcc nn 
 .Manuf.-u-tures ; I'lfty-sccond Ccuiuress, Judiciary. I'atents an<l l.ahcir. lie served on the l.ahoi- 
 Coniniiltce the entire ei,i.dit years of his sci'vice in the House, and a ■rreat deal of the lahor le^dsla- 
 tion enacted dui-iiit:- that time was a product in whole or in pail of his hrain. His knowh-d^ie and 
 ex]>erience in law made him ]iromincnt in all investijiations made hy the House. He was a mem- 
 her of the Curtin Committee to investi.L'ate the (lould railroad strike, in ISSo. and was also on the 
 committee to invcstiizate the Standard Oil. Whiskey ami Su,i;ai- Trusts. .\moni: his most famous 
 s] leeches were. ••The M(d\ inley liill and what it does," ■•TaritT." ■■Silver" and •■ Lalpor .\rliitration." 
 and in favor of ••The I'liiiht-Hour Law." His s}ieech on the Mi Kinlcy liill wa- jirintcd and <-ireu- 
 laled hy the hundi-cil thousand copies. Besides all this work in connection with his ci-ht ycai^s 
 in Conj^ress. Judiie liuchanan ilid a t;rc'at ihsd of ont<ide woi-k foi' his constituents; over six 
 thousand pension claims passed throUL:h his hand-, many of which he h.id to look u]i in the Pension 
 Heparlment. Since the expiration of his term in ConL;i'i'ss. .Indue I'.ncji.in.in lias resinned his law 
 pr.-iclice in this city, and lia- associated with himself .Mr. J(Jm Pcllstah. inulei- the linn name of 
 i5uchanan i^- Uellstah. Their olliees are located at 144 Kast State .street. 
 
 W'li.i.i AM ^'. .loiixsoN was horn near Rlawenhurg. Somerset county. New Jersey, .\pril 1 Ith. 
 ]"<{'<. He attended the | lul die schools at Hlawenliin-,t;- and at Somerville. Dnrin.LC 1S.")1 and IS-'c'lie 
 nioveil with his father, cx -County Clerk Ilcnry I ). .lohnscjii. to Princeton, w hei-c he has siiu'c residecl. 
 
 He prepareil for colleti'e at the school known as '•Fdire 
 Hill." and in \S{\') t;i-adua1ed with Lire.it credit from 
 the (ollciiC of New .leisiy. He hic.ated at 4"renton. 
 where he eiitercil the 1.1 w ollico of 1 loll, .lohll p. Stock- 
 ton, with whom he slmlied and attained a thoi'oiiiih 
 knowledi;-e of law . He w;i- .■idmilleil to the har of I he 
 i^tate of New .leisev ill . I line. |S(iS. and was made 
 counselor three \ears later. In h^7o hi; was admitted 
 as a ]iartnir in Mr. Stockton's ollicc, under the lirm 
 name of Stockton iV .lolmsoii. With the .Vttorucy- 
 (ieneral, ^Fr. Johnson has lieeii interc>ted in some of 
 the most iiotalilc cause- e\ei' tried in Xi'W .lersey. In 
 the Capitol he has the superintendeiiey of the collection 
 of taxe- from miscellaneous corpomtions, assumiiii.' the 
 jrrcatcr part of the respon-iliility of the same. He is :i 
 Democrat in politics, and lakes L:reat inti'rcst in his 
 party's welfare. 
 
 (If.oK'iu-: W. M Al rina;soN was horn in Trenton. 
 New .Icrscv', in \x'>i'K lie was educated at the 
 puhlic schools and the Trenton .\cadeniy, and later 
 
 read law with W Unuy I >. Holt. in |S7N he 
 
 was admitted as an attoriicv-at-law and in 1>;>^1 as a counselor-at-law. .Mr. il.ieplicrsoii has made 
 a success of law. and has had an opiiortunit v to ile\ote himself to some extent to other husiiiess 
 interests. He was for a lomr lime Secretary of the Trenton Terra Cotta Company, and is now one 
 of the i)irectors of the Trenton l'"ire Clav and Porcelain Coiii]iaiiy. which has succeeded the Trenton 
 Terra Cott;i Comjiany. He is a stroiii; Hcpuhlican and takes a very active interest in the political 
 life of the city. He heloni.'s to the ^'ouuji Mi'lTs Kepulilican Clnh and is a memher of the City 
 Itepulilicaii Kxeeulive Conunittee. For several years he was a memher of the School Hoard, was 
 Secretary of that hody two years and President one year. He has heeii a memher of Coinnion 
 Council sinco l.SiK), and is now servin<; as Chairman of the Finance Committee. He is a Sti^ward 
 in tile State Street M. E. Clnirch and for several years was Suiierintendent of the Sahhath-school 
 eonneeted with that church. In l>>.S'J he mari-ied I'^nima I). IJIcu, of l>riilj;-eton, .New Ji-iviy. 'i'hey 
 liavt! six children. 
 
 WlII.IWI \'. .|oH.\Si»N. 
 
THK CITY OK TISKNTON. 
 
 v.n 
 
 Al.FKKli ItKKl). \"ii-c' ('liaiicrlliir nl' tlir State nl' Xrw .Irrscv, was licini in iMviuLT to\viisln|i. 
 near Trelitnu, \cw Jersey, 1 »eeeiiilier -J-'ld, 1S.">'.I. His eciueatinii was tliui-(]U,Lrii ami of wide 
 raiiirc, ami wa-: nbtaiiied at l,awi-eiiee\ille Classiial ami ( niiiiiiia'cial IliLrli Selmipl. New .lei-sev 
 ^fixlel Sehdol, Rutgers ('(]lle;j:e. and. la-tlv. at the Law Seh.iul at l'unt.dd<ee|isic , New \nvk. lie 
 studie(l law with Hun. T^ewis l'ai-ke|-. wiirkin;^ hai'd and late \n ei|ni|i him l'"i- a sueeessfid eai-eer in 
 the dnniain of the di<ei|iles (if JUaekstniie. He was aihiiitted In the New ^'urk har in l^ii-_'. and 
 ]iraetiei>d in New ^'nrk City fur some years. In ISCil. in .Iniie, he was made att^ iiiiiw and in 
 .\u\einlica- (if the f( ill' iwilii;- year, ennn^eldr in Xew .lei'sey. lie was elected a niendi(r (if the 
 t'oninuiu CiHiiieil of the city df Ti-entdn in l>^<'ii'i, and was made I'lcsident nf that lindy in l>^<i7. In 
 18()fl, he received furthei' hdiKHsat the hands of 'ri-entdiiians. when he was eleete(l .Ma\'(ir. This 
 office he held dUe year, declininL; an\- further nnminatidn. .Indi;:!' ltee(l was the lii'st l.aw.ludu'c 
 ever appointed for ;\lei-eer cduntw and he .acted in that ea|iaeity li\'e years. .\pril Sth, 1.S7"), 
 Governor Bcdle appointed him .Indue of the first distiaet. Supreme Cdurt oftlie State of New .lersev, 
 coniprisino; the counties of .\tlantie, Cape May. Cumliei'land and Salem. He has never failed of 
 re-appointment hy .any of the Covei-noi's that have sneeee(le(l lo the unlMa-natorial chair since 
 (iovcrnor Bedle. ( )n -lune Ith. h^'.t.'i. he was .a|i|idinted \'iee Chaneelldr to succeed the lati' 
 ex-(lovernor Gret'n. No fairer .Iu(1l:c sits on the lieneh than .Indue Reed, and he wins the respect 
 of all with whom he is ln-ouuht in (•(mtaet. In .\nuu-t. \^7~. he mari-ie(| Rose ,\llia Souder. of 
 Trenton, and has two ehildi-en — Judith Hepliurn and .\lfr(.'(l I'on. -1 ud.ge Ree(.l still lives on the 
 propertv which has heen in the Reed familv siiiee 17110. 
 
 Hu(;jl 11. Hamii.i. was lioiai at Lawi-eneevillc. Mei((i' cdunty, .\cw .lersey, in lS-"il. He is 
 the son of Rev. Samuel .M. Hamill. 1». 1»., who was loi- so many ycai's the capaMc and popular 
 President of tlie Lawreiieeville Cla.-sieal and Couiniercial lliuh School. Mr. Hamill ree(i\('d his 
 jjreparation under his father's instruelioii ami entcre(l I'i'inccton 
 College, uraduatinu tlna'cfroiii in 1^71. .\ftei- his eolleuc eoiu'se 
 was finished, he commeueed the study of law with his cousin. 
 Hon. Calel) S. (Ireen, of Trenton. In h^77 he was admitted to 
 the liar as an attorney-at-l.aw . .ind in IS.SS ;is eonnselor. He 
 devoted his attention to his law practice in this city until ahont 
 1S!)(). when he hccanie I'rcsideut of thcTi'cufon Tiu>t and S.ife 
 Dcjiosit Coni]ianv and the Real l'>t:ile Title ('om|i.iny. l-'oi' twd 
 years past he has also heen l'i(si(|eiit of the New .ler-ey lluildinu 
 Loan and Investment ('ompany. .\11 of tlie^c companies wciv 
 or<;ani/.e(l veiy larucly thronuh .Mr. I LniiiU's ctforts. and he has 
 heen their actintr head evei' since their inception. His time is 
 now so fully occu] lied hy these (liities that he is aide todcxdtc 
 himself very little to law. He is fully acipiaintcd with the 
 Ijankint; Imsine.s.s, and is perfectly familiar with real estate \alnes 
 in the city and State. Resides this, he is a man ot' the stiiclesl 
 intcfrrity, and has the i-es]iect and conlidence o! all whose 
 ]ileasui-c it is to know him. In \s~>.\ .Mi-. Hamill maii-ied 
 
 Klizahcth Drinker, daughter of the late Hon. Rarker Cunnneiv. of this city. They have three 
 children livinu— Rarker. Hnuh and .M.itilda. Mi-. Hamill and his e>tim,-ilile wif(- are always 
 interested in the success of any charitalile enter]irisc undertaken hy the i-itizens of Tn-ntou. He 
 was one of the committee throuuii whose instrumentality the Rattle .Monument was sc(-ured for 
 Trenton and dedi(-ati-(l with sik-Ii impi-essi\-e ceremonies. 
 
 \\'ii.r.r\M S. CiMMKKi: was horn in Tr(-iiton. N(-w .R-rscy. .limc'JIth. l-S.VI. Hi,- early educa- 
 tion was ohtaincd at the Trenton .\c.idemy, wliem-c Ik- went to the old i.a wrcucevillc Scliooi to 
 prepare for college. ICntcrinu I'lanceton, he was faithful to his studies and (.'raduated with the Class 
 of '70. He then entered the ollice of .\. C. Ri(-hey. Ks(iuire, to study law, con(inuiu(,' for one year, 
 when he eiit(-red his father's oirn-e, and was admittc-d to the har in .lunc i>;7:'.. i-'roui liis ailnii.ssioii 
 he i)raetice(l law in this (-ity until 1.S7."), when he removed to Newark and formed a copartnersjiip 
 with Joel I'arker, who was then Attornev-( iencral of the State, remainiu',' with him until l-S.^O, at 
 
 II I <.ii II. Hamii.i.. 
 
192 
 
 TIIK CITY OK lltKN'I'OX. 
 
 wliicli time Ml'. Parker was iiiMilc Justice (if tlic Sn|ireirie Ccnirt. He ecnitiiiueil liis [iraetiee alune 
 until IXS-'!. when lie formed a |)artncrsin|> with Osear Keen, whn was I'riKc -utur of Essex county. 
 Thcv continued toj^ether until ISSil, when .Mr. (iunnnere was a|i]Hiinted counsel for the I'eiinsyl- 
 vauia Kailroad Company, for New .Jersey, to succeed his l)rother-in-la\v. Kdward T. (!rcen, who 
 was a|i|iointed I'nited States i)istri<'t .ludjic. Our suhject \va> tlien eouqiilleci to return to Trenton, 
 wlicre he has since reniaineil. .Mr. (innmiere assisted the .Vttorney-(ieneral in wimiiuLf for the State 
 a siirnal vietorv hv coniiiellinir the Moi-ris and ICssex Railroad Comjiany to disuoi'iic oxer -S'iOO.DOO, 
 whereliv the State was enriched to that an ion lit. 1 1 is career as a lawyer has heeii \\ underfiilly success- 
 ful, owini.' to Ids tlioroUiih Unowledj.'e of the law and the careful manner in which hi> conducts his 
 cases. On Fehruarv r.'tli, IS'.)."), (lovcrnor W'erts a|i]iointcd .Mr. ( liniimci-e to till the seat on the 
 Su|prenie Coiu-t lu'lich made \acaiit li\ the death of .iudiii' .\lilictt. 'idle lionoi- tliu- Kcslou i^d on 
 .Mr. (iunnnere is Well earneil and deserved, ami ricei\-ed favoi'ahle comment from tln' h.-ir in i;eneral. 
 Mr. (iunnnere is a son of the late l)arl<cr (iimmiere and hi'other of the County Clerk of .Mercer 
 countv. JJarkei- Cnmmcrc. .Ir. In lS7(i he was marricil to I-'amiy. daiiijhtci- of Chief .1 ustice IScasley. 
 
 Woonia i;'!' IJol.r .VeoAi; was horn at .\iiiiaiiilale. Hunterdon county. May ISlli. IXiii. liiirini; 
 the vcars of JsTTand ls7s ],,■ attended the State Xorinal School, at Trenton, and the next three 
 years he was clerk in a stoic at Ucaville, New .Icrsey. .\ftci- rcadini;- law for one year with Hon. 
 
 .lohn .\. \'ooiliees, of I'dcmiliiiton. New .lersey, h e 
 came to Tii-ntoii as a law student, and in ISS] I'litercd 
 
 the ollice of the lillll of Holt. .Macphersoll A' Ilolt. 
 
 Wdiile >liiilyinL; he also taui;ht niLihl school, hcsides 
 rcpicsentinn- dilVerent newspapers dtirilii;- the New 
 .lei-i'v Iciiislative session. Tn the June Term of 1>!.'^4 
 he was .admitted as an al(oriicy-at-la w. and immediately 
 lict;an practice in Tieiiton. where he has since followetl 
 his profession. In 1 ss."), I'rosciaitor Stockton ajipointcd 
 .Mr. .\pi:ar .\ssist.ant l'rose( iitor of tlu'l'lea-of Mercer 
 coimly. He held that position until May :i.")th. 1S'.)4, 
 
 wlllll he \\a- IcLlislated ollt of ollii-e. The Heed of thc 
 
 |)osilioii ua- admitted, and Mr, -\puar'> ahility in lill- 
 iiiL; the ollice never (pU'stioncil, lie has Ihmh ciiLia.Lieil 
 in the prosecaition of live niurden-r<. 
 
 When Mr. Howell C. Stiill resii^ned fi-om tin- I'ark 
 Conmii>>ion, Mayor Heehtel appointed Mr. .\|iL;ar to 
 lill till' \acanc\-. The I'xiard imim-diately chose him as 
 I'l'esident of that commissiiiii. in which ca|iacily he 
 >erveil two \e.ii's, and is still a niemher of the conuuis- 
 -ion. In Ortoher. \S'.)-2. he was the Democratic candi- 
 date for St.atc Senator in .Mercer county, hut was defeated, as the county has a normal iiepnlilican 
 majority. .\t that time he was only one year o\er the i'e,|\iire(l constitutional a.ue. On thc tenth 
 of Septemlic-r. issj. Mr. Ap.irar wa> m.irried to IMtie li., daughter of Ashor Iliggins, E.sijuire, 
 a well-to-do retired farmer, of Three l!ridL:es, New Jei'sey. 
 
 l-j>w.\i;ii W. Kv.ws was Imu'ii in Trenton, Xcw .rerscy. Ocfoher '.'th, 1S;!7. He prc]iared for 
 colle.ire at the Trenton .Vcadi'iny. and was i;raduated from Princeton Colh'^e in ISlIO. \\r then 
 read law with the late -lames Wilsiiii. and hccamc an ,attorney-at-law in IMi-".. and counselor in 1S(i(;. 
 A ininilier of years airo he was solicitor for the P.oard of l'"recholders for four years. Two 
 y(.'ars he was a niemher of thc Common Council, and ilnrint;- that time served on the l'"inance 
 Committee. In ISt;;;, he was married to Mary II. Cliecseiuan, of Xew Priui.-w ick. New .rerscy. 
 His elder son, i'Mward \\'., .Ir.. was a student in Princeton Colle;:c, and his youn.iii'r son, 
 Samuel, is pursuing his studies in thi' New .ici'sey State Model School. He resi<Ies at 1 , "J 
 M'e.-^t State street, and oceujiies an olhce at 111 Kast State >treet. Mr. Evans <-omes from 
 one of the oldest and most respected families in 'i'renton. and is himself held in the hiLihest 
 esteem h.\- all who know him. His ]iaternal ancestors came ori.LMiially from Wales, ahout two 
 hundred years aj,'o. There were three hruthers who enii.i;ratcd to this country, one of whom 
 
 WiKipKi lo ]I">i,r .\i-(,\i:. 
 
TIIK CITY OF TRENTON. 
 
 193 
 
 srttli'il uoar (iciirva. New \'iirk. auutlicr iicai- Xdrristiiwii. r(iiiisyl\ania. and tlic third sdiiicwliore 
 in till' Sdutli. Kvan Kvans, wIki settled in i'ennsyl vania. al'tiaw ard niuved t" 'i'l-eiitnn. and his son, 
 the .a-randfather (it dur suliject, edndiatecl a stdiv dn the Whiltal<ia' |iid|iei1 y, d|J]ldsit^■ tiie ('ourt 
 HdUse. Mr. E. W. Evans' father. Samuel Evans, was for many yeai-s dni' df the IcailinLT citizens 
 df Trentdn. lie was .Tustiee of the I'eaee fur lifty-seven yi^ai's, and was .ludae df the Infi ridr ('dnrt 
 df Cdiinndn I'leas of Huntcrcldn eounty hefdre ^ha-eei' enunty was fdi'nied. Jle was also (.'itv 
 Treasurer tdr many years, and was Enarossin.u' Clerk forhdth irdiisesurthe Legislature for a lunLitinio. 
 .\hdut thirteen years agd lu' died at the extreme ohl auc nf eiiihly-nini' years. Five generatidns of 
 the Evans fainil\- ha\-e lieen nidst wurtliv citizens df Ti-entdu. 
 
 D. Cooper Allt.nson was horn in I'lni'linutdn cdunty, near Uurlini^tdii city, Xe\v .lersey, on 
 .\]iril L'Ttli, 1S2',). His fathei', David .Mlinson, a printer and hdnk |iuMisher at Burlin.nton, was 
 the authiir df many valualile liodks. lie cditeil and |inhlished a numher df literarv ]ieri<idieals, 
 anidiit; which was the " Unral N'isitdr," and Mas a m.ui df umisual mai'k in a liteiai'v line. 
 He was tlie autlior of {\yn dietidnaries, diui 
 a laru'e one and found in many lil)i'arics at 
 this (hiy, and knuwn as ''Allinsdu's l'"n;^lish 
 and Classical Dictionary.'' The (dassical and 
 cin-onohiaical <h'}>artnients of this dictionary are. 
 at tliis time, very vahiaMi'. lie also |iuhlisheil 
 many valuahle law hooks, amona' which wi'ic 
 Coxe's New Jer.scy Sujirenie Coin1 I!<'|iorts. [luh- 
 li-hed in ISlC ( heinu' the llrst iiuMi»hcd i'e|idi-t 
 of the New Jersey Supreme (\iurt ), the " rnitc(| 
 States Law Regi.ster," "Allinson's S(a-i\-enei's' 
 (iuide."" (.^-c. 1). Cddper .Mlinson's arandfathei- 
 was Samuel Allinson, a lawyer, of Xew .lersey, 
 who held numerous prominent Stale dlliees, 
 fi-nni ITlil, and also cunipiled the .\ssenilily 
 laws df the State from the suri'endei- df tlieed\-- 
 ernment to Queen Anne, in ITiL', In ITTi'j, 
 a valuahle i-umpilatidn ami knuwn .as ".Mlin- 
 sdu's Edition.'' His firandsdii. the suhject 
 df this sketch, lias now (IS'.I.")) jn his law 
 lihrai'y, at TrentdU, the identical dlliee 
 Cdpv df these laws which the eumpilii' h.ad 
 in his lihrai'v at the time df lii~ decia,~e. 
 which dccmi'ed in IT'.M. The suhject df 
 
 this sketcli was ]ilaced in thi' (Quaker scl I 
 
 in liurlinatdn. New Jersey, and was aftci'- 
 warcl sent td W'illi.ston Sennnary, at Ivast 
 Hamjiton, Massachusetts. lie next iddk :i 
 
 course in Amenia Seminai-y. .\cw ^'ork, wln-ri'lie was prepareil fdi- ^'ale Cdlleae, hut his health 
 lireakina down, Ik^ was dliliu'ed td t;i\-e up his studie- and tiavel td recuperate his health. 
 Durini: the years he attended scliddl in lini'linaton he s|ient a part df the time in learning the 
 drug and a]iotheeary business, and also in studying' medicine, the latter study he cdntinuint; to 
 prosecute after gdini: td .Xi'w l-aialand. In the fall df 1S.")7, his hi'.illh heiuL: fully restored, 
 lie entered the law ofiico of Cdl. l-;i;liert II. Crandin, at TrentdH, w hd was then l'rosec\itinir 
 Attorney for Mercer county. Col. (irandin going to iMirope with his family, to remain 
 several years, Mr. .MlinsdU lini-hed his law-reading with Ivhvard T. (Irecn, now .luilge of 
 tlie I'nited Stales Courts at Trenton. Mr. .Mlinson was admitted to jiracticc law in 
 Fehruary, !>>(;;!, and immeiliately cdnniienced the ]iraclice of his |irdi'cssion in Trentdn, 
 where lie has coiitinueil in active practice to the ]ircsent lime. During the late Civil war, 
 hoth his hrothcrs being in the front, lu' was ])artictilarly active in crushing out the covert sympathy 
 of the rebellious eleme^nt in the rear, and becanse of his fearlessness in cxiiosing those who were 
 z 
 
 I). Conl'lMt Al.l.ISSoN, 
 
194 TIIK CITY OF TltKXTOX. 
 
 '' stall! liiii.' our soldirrs in tlic liack," as lir jmt it. lie was rciicatciUy attarkcil liy this ilisluyal 
 ck'Uiciit ill 'J'rciitnii, and in every instance tlie assailant was severt'ly imnisheil fur his disloyal 
 tenieritv. IIi' did iinieh, in tliose exeitini;' times, to eiieouraiie the timid and kee]i the liad clement 
 in awe, in 'rreiiton, when there existed very irrave syni|itoni,-- of trouMe. His hold aggressiveness, 
 at that time. sIiowimI him to lie one who did luit know what fear was. During the war the I'nited 
 States Sanitary Commission selected Mr. .\llinson as their attorney to prosecute their immense work 
 in eollecliiig, for the soldiers and lluir families, the Tnited States |iensions, hack jiay, A"e,, <lue 
 tlieni, all of which he did gratuitously, so loyal was he. In the ]>ractice of his profession he has 
 alwavs lieeii an aggrissive man. ISeiiig of strong convictions, he knew no fear when he helieved he 
 had right on his side. lie always held, when /■////// fear na man. when vraini fear crtrij man. 
 At one time Trenton was overrun with unprincipled (juaek doctors, who, hy their startling adver- 
 tisements puhlisheil in our leading iicwspajiers, jiroclaimed themselves to he ahlc to cure ahout 
 everv known disease. 'J'hey suceccileil in rohhing many |ioor people, and often doing serious 
 injiu'v to the heallli of their victims, Mr. .Mlinson's attention heing called to these pro- 
 fessional swindlers, he i|uii'tly investigated the anteecdeiits of these inountehanks ami discov- 
 erecl that some of them had iie\'cr graduated from an\' medical college and were using liogus 
 metlieal diplomas. lie at oiicc. siiigle-handcil, comnieiicecl a raid upon them, and kept it up 
 for vears, hringing civil and criminal suits ag,ainst them, linally ridding the cit\- of their 
 nefarious iiusiiicss. In the practice of his profession, .Mr. Allinsoii developed mar\'c|ous 
 ahilities as a di'tective in the crimiii:d liiaiich of his husiiii'ss. A notahle case, wliii-h occurrecl 
 in IS'^d. is wortliv of notice here. .\ man, who had married a daughter of one of the leail- 
 iiii; merchants of 'rrciitoii, commilled a large rohliery in that cit\'. and Mr. .\lliiisoii was 
 emplovcd to unra\'el the iii\,~tery. lie woi'ked on the case hy .a uni(pic method, known onlv 
 to himself, and soon had the roM.cr located in (anaila. where, under the gui>e of a single 
 man, he had captivated and si'diiccd .a highly-cdiic.ati'd young heiress of tin' l'ro\inee of 
 (Juehee. Mr. .Mlilisoii at on<c wciil to ( ',ni.id;i to colled thi' iiccessarx' c\idciicc upon wliicli to 
 ohtain. in the Xcw .Icrscy ('ourt of ('haiicery. a divorce for the deserted and wronged wife, 
 who was living in Trenlou. \\i' succeeded in gi'tting the proofs lu'cded and was ahout to leave 
 Montreal for 'rreiiton when he called upon the High Constahle of the Province of <^ucl>ee. the 
 head of the entire police force of Lower ( 'aiLid:!, who rcsidi'd in Montreal, and said to him (we 
 now give ^Ir. .\.'s language) : '"Chief. 1 have got my c\idenee against this villain, whiih will 
 eiiahle me to get his wife di\(irced. Aa-.. and am readv to start for home, and as \du ha\c heen 
 trviiig to catch this fellow for over three weeks for the ah(luctioii of the heiress here, and I heing 
 satisfied vour ollicers are not cipial to the task of appielii'inling the smart rascals we pi'oilucc in 'the 
 States,' I pro|iose to show \iiu 1 can dri\i' him to 'rreiiton. or put him in your hands, inside of 
 f(iii;i-('i;ilit lirmr^. if you will put under my control jin of the lust ileteitives you liavi' in Moiiii-c,-d, 
 and, failing to do so, / will p;iy nil expciisi's, otherwise //"" to pay the same. To this the Chief 
 
 readily assented and the detectives were s<ait <iut hy me th.at evening, ami hcfoi-e i n next da\- 
 
 the fugitive from Trenton was rushing in hot haste for Ti-ciiton, where he was led to lielievc no 
 evidence could he piodiiceil to fasten the rohhcrv on him. 1 at once startcil for Trenton, keeping 
 advised hy telegraph of his ]irogress so aceuiatcly that 1 telegraphe(l at midnight, at White itixer 
 Juni'tioii, Vermont, to Captain Charles !'. lirowii. Chief of i'oliei' at Trenton, that the fugitive wouhl 
 reach Trenton next <lay ahout 1():.'>1) a. m., and he did so arrive. I reached home at '■'> v. M. same 
 day, and was ehagriiieil to tind he was not caught in the trap which I had so carefully set for him. 
 [n two days I was on his track again, tracing him to I'hiladclphia, to Ih'ooklyn, to Boston and 
 missed him in this latter place hy just hn iiiimilix. In twenty-four hours I had him located in 
 M<intreal, 1 heing still in lioston, 1 telegrajihed to the High Constahli! at .Montri'al, informing him 
 that the fugitive was again in his city, giving him \]\r rn-i/ liatrJ In irliirli hr ir<is. and though this 
 ollieial, with one of his detectives, went to said hotel fre(|Uciitly, for four days, yet they failed to 
 identify him, so well was he disguised, and that ollieial ileclaring to me several times hy telegraph 
 that I was nnstakeii, that the fellow 'was not in Montreal.' I then took a train for Montreal, and 
 in less than one hour after my arrival in the latter <-ity I had this smartest iriminal I ever saw 
 under lock and key, in charge of High Constahle JJissoniietti-. of Montreal." This wonderful ]ier- 
 formance was the stihject of lengthly and minute accounts in the Canadian, New York, Trenton and 
 other papers of tlie day. This one account of his detective work, which is well authenticated, fully 
 warrants our statement ahove, that .Mr. .\llinson jiossesses marxeloiis detective ahilities. 
 
Till': CITY OF 'I'lM^XToX. 
 
 1 '.).'. 
 
 8yjlmi:s I>. IlrTilIl.NsiiN was Imni in I l.iiiiillnii t(i\\n<lii|i, wi-.w 'I'lcnlnii. Si'iilrmlx r lM, ISol. 
 lif heliinus to tlu' lari;!' and iiillui'iilial I'aniily ul' 1 1 ntrliiiisi m,- w Ihkc wealth and iihiliv lia\c aidrd 
 in (lcvel(i])ini;- llic niatdial ami intellectual iii-<i\\ lli ni' liurlinutun and Mi ivir r. ,unl ii>. lli> Lii'cat- 
 urandt'atlicr, (Icoruc Andcisdii, w as a ('a]itain in tin- lic\(iliitiiinai\' war. and. latrr dii, in ITilS, 
 IT'.l'.i, 1.^'") and in lM)(i. hrld the nlWrr iif \"\rr I'lvsidcnl iif tile Xcw .Icrscv Slate ('(inncil. Sviniiics 
 r>. llutrldnsdn's fatliiT was ( iniiuc .\. liiltchinson. a wcallli) |.laiitati'in-(iw lur nf llannltnn. Tlu. 
 elder lluteliins<in died in ISS.'). and when livinL:, was \-er\ |iiiindnenl in |aiMie alTairs i.l' that 
 liieality. lieiun a nieinlief nf the Tow iishi]i ( 'onnnitlee and ( haii-nian of the lloaid ol' Ivlniation loi- 
 several years. The tirst sc1iih>1 ereeted in ( 'hainliershtn-jiwas Imill l>v (hoiuc .\. Ihilehinson in 1S.')7, 
 and is now known as tlie Franklin. oi- l';ie\enth Ward Sihool. The llutehinson laniilv have, not 
 only in this, hut on collateial lines, uiven .New Jersey some of her alijest men. 
 
 Syninies llutehinson was edueateil at the sel 1- of Hamilton tow nslii|i. w Ihmicc Ih' went to the 
 
 State Normal Seliool, ii-radnatin;4- in ISdS. l'"roni that institution he was en;;a,^■ed in leaehinji seho<il 
 
 until 1>^7'J. Ill' then entered I'rineeton ( 'olleKl/ 
 and eonijileted his studies (■(/»( /i/di/e. in l^To. 
 also reeeivinu' a medal For heinutlie hest lieiieral 
 athlete of that institution. Soon after .ufadu.at- 
 in.n' he entered the law olliee of Hon. Ivlwaid T. 
 (ireen, of Ti'entoii. I'^n' oiie vear he tauuht in 
 the Hi.^h Sihool of Ihadini;. I'ennsylvania. 
 Fehvuary Term, l"^?'.). he was admitted as .an 
 attoruev-at-law. Soon after his admission he 
 was eleeted Solieitor for Hannltmi townshi|i. 
 and in that ea]iaeity ser\ ed si.\ years. Hurini: 
 the yi.'ars ISSd and 1SS7 he was in the New 
 Jersey l,ei;islatm'e for the First distrirt of 
 Mercer county. In tliat time lie made an 
 excelk'Ht record for himself and Ids party. 
 servin.ii; as chairman of several ini|iortaiit com- 
 mittees, lie wa,s one of the managers of the 
 famous Pafi'ick H. Laveity imiieachmiait trial, 
 which lasted seven weeks. In ISS" he was 
 ;i|i|iointed County Solicitor and held that oliicc 
 for ti\c ve.ars. Duriiii;' his tirst term he took 
 ail acti\e intci-est in the huildint; of the Cliam- 
 hers street hridfic over the Assanpink ci'eek and 
 tlie tracks of the Pennsylvania liailroad Com- 
 paiiv. the construction of which led to the 
 rapid L'rowth and development of what is now 
 the l.iiroiiuli of W'illinr. In lS'.)-_', he was 
 dee|ily interested in the formation of that 
 
 horoui.di, and when this ohjecl w'as attained he was elected as Solicitor, serviuj;- two years. .\t 
 l)resent Mr. Hutchinson is ajrain County Solicitor. He is also President of the P> lard of Ivliication 
 of Hamilton township, recently oi'iianizcd. and Treasurci- of the Homcilcll L.and .Vssociatiou. The 
 land controlled liy this association, which fronts on Cliamhers street he\-ond l.iliert\- street, was for 
 four ,i.'enerations in the possession of his family, and emhraced one hundred and tw cut v-live acres. 
 It is now improved hy lifty Imu-es and sustains a po|inlal ion of twohmidred and lifly. Incou- 
 Tiection with these duties he also conducts an e.xtensivc law practice. On June lllli, IMt-"., Mr. 
 Hutchinson was united in marriaLre with I'^lizaheth Street, of Milford, Coimecticut. Mrs. Hutchin- 
 Kon is a f.'randdaui;liter of Hr. Hull .Mien, who for the past lifty years has heen a nu'udier of th<' 
 ('(iimecticul State .Medical Society, and althoUL:h he is now in his ninety-se\-enth year is still 
 engaged in the practice of medicine. 
 
 Licwis I'loniilNK, Su., was hoiai .Septcnihei- loth. isP'). in .\lanalapan township, Monmouth 
 county, .\'ew Jersey. He received a classical education at Princeton College, graduating in the Cla.s.s 
 of '.'i'S. r[ion ilei-iding to make thi' practice uf law liis life work, lu; read law in the- olliee of 
 
 .SV-MMI> B. JllTCHlNSOX. 
 
19G 
 
 THE CITY OF ti;i:nt()X. 
 
 •IuiIlci' JaiiH's S. (irccn, fatlicr nf cx-i liivt-rnnr (Irri'ii, ainl I'm' nnc year was alsn in the ullicr df 
 Tniti'd Statics Sfiiatoi- (ianvt D. Wall. liilSH he was admitted to the l)ar as an attiiriiev-at-law, 
 and in lS-14 as a (•ounsuloi'-aldaw. During (icivcrndr Price's administration he served as the 
 (lovernor's Militarv Seeretary. In IS.').') lie was a|i|ininted (inartermaster-deiu'ral of the State of 
 Xew Jersey, and for nearly forty years he ahly disehari;ed the duties of that ])osition. The iluties 
 of tlie olliee are very greatly enhanced hy the fact that the (Juartermaster-deneral i> also Commis- 
 sarv-(ieni'ral, Payinaster-( leneral and Chief of Ordnance, (leneral I'erriiie was a memher of the 
 State 15nilding Connnittee which had in eliar,!.;e the erection of the jiresent State J louse. lie was 
 one of the ineorjjorators of the Camden and Amhoy Kailroad Conijiany and also of the Trenton 
 Horse Railroad Coni]ianv, of which he was President ncai'ly all the tinu' from its o|-t;anization until 
 his death. He was a l)ii-ector of the I'nited New Jersey llailroad Company, and of more than a 
 .seort' of other railroads owned and operated hy the Pennsylvania Railroad Company, (ieneral 
 Perrine married Anna !•'.. daunlitei- of Henry Pratt, who was one of the foumlers of n(ir11]ern Phila- 
 delphia and a former owner of Fairmount Park. havin<;- as his |-esidence what is known as Lemon 
 Hill, (ieneral I'errine's children are Mrs. Mary .\. Pi'll, widow of Lii'utenant James I''. l!ell, of the 
 First United States .\rtillery : C.-iplain llai-i-y P. Pen-ine, of the Sixth I'nited States Cavalry, who 
 is a graduate of West Point, Class of '(i'.l, and now Assistant .\djutant-(<eneral of New Jersey, and 
 Colonel Lewis Perrine, -ir., foi-mcily President of the Trenton Passenger liailway Company. After 
 a ri'sidenci' of over half a century in this city. (Jeneral Pci-i-ine died at his home, corner of State 
 and MontiTomery streets, Scptemlicr 'Jlth, ISS'.). 
 
 Li;wis Pkukim:, Ji;., son of the lati' ( jnaitci'mastcr-Cencial Li'\vi> i'ci-i-ine, was hoi'n in this 
 citv AuLiust P2th, L'^")!). After complctiuL;' a tliorouiih preparatory course in the Trenton A<'ademy 
 and the New Jersev State Model School, he entercil Princeton Collcuc, fi-om which he was i;raduated 
 
 in ISSO. Ill' commenced the study of law 
 with Le\ i T. llaininni. I'>(|uirc. of thiscity. and 
 on ,M:i\- Li-'ld of thi' following year was a|i- 
 pointi-il Assistant tJuartcrniaslci--( leneral liy 
 (H>\(i-noi- Ludlow, with rank of Colonel on the 
 ( lovei-nor's stall'. Colonel Perrine continued as 
 assistant in the (^uartei-master-( lenci'al's ollice 
 until lii,^ f.ithei'> death, in JSS'.t. He then 
 ri'si'.:ned his position to (li'\ o|r hi> time exchl- 
 siveU to his husiness interests. He was ail- 
 mitted to ihc liar in ISS.",. He now jiractiees 
 in this cily. llisacti\e husiness career eom- 
 mcncc(| in ISSj, when he was cli'cti'il Si'ci-etary 
 and TreasuiiT of the Trc'uton Jlorst' Railroad 
 Companv. of which liis father was then Presi- 
 dent. Colonel Pen-ine inanai^ccl the inti'rests 
 of the companw and upon his father's death 
 he succeeded him as President. In IS'.tl 
 Colonel Perrine piu'eliascd the City Pailway 
 Company, ancl united the two undci- the name 
 of the Trenton PasseiiLrer Railway Company. 
 I'nder Colonel Perrine's manaLii'mcut the 
 lailway li'acks were exteniled until all parts of 
 the city had excellent transjiortation facilities, 
 llurses Were superseded hy elcctl'icity. He 
 extended his lines to tlu' parks at the eastern 
 lkwis pi-:imi.NK, ,7k. .|,,i1 w'estem eiids of the city, and also to hoth 
 
 of the Icadint;- cemeteries. Cololu'l Perrine is 
 a Director in a nunil)er of railroads, liaviniz; sueeeede<l his father in these positions. He is a 
 prominent member of the social eluhs of tliis and other cities. Tie married Harriet Adelaide, 
 dauj^'hter of Major WilJiani 1?. Slack, of the United States :Marine Corps, of Wa-hinnton. 
 
OKNKIIAI. LKWIS I'KUiaSIs SU. 
 
^IIK CITY OF TUF.XTOX. 
 
 Ii)7 
 
 Fhamis I>azi.i:v 1.i;i: was Imi'ii in l'liila(lil|ihia, -laiiuary ■U\. IM'i'.l. I Ic is a smi of llciijaniiii Fislcr 
 Lee, rlerk of tlic New .Ici'si'N' Sii| ii rmc ( 'dUi't, and a ui anil son nf tlir late CciiiLil'c-ssnian 'rimnias l^cc. nf 
 Port F'lizahcth. < 'unilirilauil (■( unity. 'I'ln'oULrli his i not Ik a-' s family, tin- 'I'ownscaids, of (.'aiic .May. .Mr. 
 Lee is a (lesceiulant of proniimait colonial families of Sontli .lei'sey, amont: whom are tlie I,iiil!ains, 
 Ogdens and ^lavs. .\fter atteiidint: a seminai-y in Ti'cnton. as w ell as the Law rcnecville Sehool. he was 
 irraduated from the New Jert^t'V Stati' Moilel School in the Class of '.SS. He was class }ioet, and in 
 Octtiher, ISS."), had estal dished " TheSii:nal,"" tlieollicial oi'Li.aii of the State Schools. I Ichad also heen 
 prominent in the Thencanic Soi'iety, and was its I'residiait. lie entered the W'liarlon School of the 
 University of Penn.sylvania in ISSS, ami in IS'.tt) received a c(a-tilicate of proliciency from that 
 institntion ; after liavinn' imrsued a eonrse in Ani(>riean History, Political Iv-ononiy and Con- 
 stitutional Law. Tn the I'niversity of Penusyl\-ania he was associate editor of thi' " Pcnnsylvanian." 
 and on graduation was "Ivy" poet. Immediately aftei' lea\ini; colli'_;c he wiiil to I'an'ope. and 
 then took up the study of law with Hon. C. I). 
 W. Vrooni. of Trenton. Jn tin' fall and early 
 winter of LS>)0-!)1, Mr. Lee took a special 
 course in F'nglish literature at his Alma Mater, 
 and was ailmitted to the har of Xi-w .Tta'si'y in 
 June Term, LSI);',. Fi-om his admission to May. 
 LSn4, he assisted the City Solicitor of Trenton 
 in legal matters jicrtaining to tin- mnnicipal 
 sewerage sy.stem. hi August. IS'.i:;, his lirst 
 trial, was that of ^hittie C. Shaun, accused of 
 mui'dering her sou .lohn. She was aci|nittcd. 
 Since Decemlici', IX'.il'. he has liecii a uicm- 
 her of the Board of Manaiici-s of the Nc\v 
 .Jersev State Charities Aid, ami is :i mciidier 
 of its Law Committee. lie is a( present, with 
 Nelson L. Petty, Ivs.piii-e, a Scci-ctaiy to the 
 Revisers of the (icma-al PuMic St.itntes of New 
 Jersev. He has contrihuted l.arLicl)' to the 
 jiress of New Jersey on snliject> relatiuL; to 
 local histoi'ical mattia>. ]iailicul.irly <oncern- 
 ing the history of Ca]ie M.iy connty ami 
 the M-ashorc settlements of colonial times. 
 Among his works have heen a ".Memorial" 
 of (ieorge White W'onnau, Lniversily of Penn- 
 sylvania, Law, ISSS, issued in \S'.H) ; "Supreme 
 Court of New Jersey," " .Medico- Legal .hiuiaial," 
 .March, LS!)2 ; series of ai'tieles on colonial laws, 
 legislation and cu.stoms, "New Jersey Law 
 
 Journal," LS'.tl to LS95 ; " Colonial Jersey Coina'/c, from an llisturical Standp<iint," "Proceedings"' 
 Numismatic, itc.. Society, LSI):! ; "Agricultural improvement in Soutlna-n New .lerscy," a monograph 
 
 upon the P>aron de Hirseh settlenuait. in W Ihine, Cape .May comity, IS'.i:',: " Jcrscyisms," a 
 
 collection of State dialect speech. |S'.)4. He was also chainnaii of a committee of the Class of "'.10 
 wliieh in LSUo jiuhlishcd the (luimpiemiial record of the class. He has also written an article ujioii 
 receivers of insolvent corporations, ".\meric-an ('or]ioratioii Legal Manual."" IS'.l.'). .\moug Mr. 
 Lee's later articles is the history of the (Ircat Seal of New .lerscy. in iMiiieii,. Ziehcr's ".\inericaii 
 Heraldry." and a translation of the Constitution of P.clgium with an histori.-al preface. puMisheil 
 hy the Constitutional Convention of the State of New York, a copy of which was accepted hy King 
 Le,,pold I I., of I'.el-inm. He is also I'ditor of this " History of the City of Trenton."' During the 
 winter of 1«).5 he was lecturer on the colonial history of New Jersey at the Model and Normal 
 Schools, at Trenton. His law oflicesare in the new Meehaiiies National Pank Ihiilding, in Trenton. 
 In .\pril, IS'.i."), he was apjiointed hy ( lovernor Werts as one of a committee' of live, to examine 
 the ])enal laws of New Jersey and other Slates, and rei)ort to the l>egislatin-c the results of investi- 
 gations. Mr. Leo devotes much of his time to the eoUeetion of hooks and ohjeets relating to the 
 
 KUANCl^ IJa/,i.i-.\ Li-.k. 
 
li)S 
 
 TIIK CITY OF TliKXTOX. 
 
 liistorv of New Jcrsev. His (■(illcctiini nl' .lerscyaiia is i|uitc valiKiMc. lieinj: iiinst r(iin|ilclf in works 
 rclVvrinjr to the soutluTii iHirtidii of the State. On tlir I'-!lli "f .lune, 1894, la- niairiid Sara Stretch 
 Havre, of X'ineentcnvn. New Jersey, daughter of faplain (lidi^r S. Eayre of the Colorado Indepen- 
 dent r>atterv. She a iHreet deseen(hint of Colonel Timothy Matlaik, tin' "Fighting Quaker" of 
 the Revolution. 
 
 ( 1.\i;|im:i; II. C.\l-\' was liorn in I larliiiucn. S.niii'i-sil county. New Jersey, NoNcinKcr llTtli, IS.jS. 
 His earh' school davs wci'c passed at the .Mid(llehn>li Institute and the Itutgers (irannnar School. 
 
 In the latter institution hi' jireparcd himself for 
 college and g|-ailuated froUi Rutgers in ISSl, 
 having taken the cla>sieal cnurse. Owing to 
 ill hi'allli induced liy lianl study, he entered 
 ii|i<>n no iieeu|iation for three years. lie came 
 |o Ticnton and studieil law \\itli .ludge lioliert 
 S. W'oodrulT. In NoMinKei- Term, I SS.")^ In- 
 \\a> admitteil to llie Kai- .as an attoruey-atdaw. 
 < )n l'"eliru;ny Slli. |SS(i, he foinied a partncr- 
 slii|i willi Charles I!. Case in a general law and 
 real e^lale liusiness. l-""r two \-eai's tlieii' ollii'c 
 wa< located at tlic Hotel Windsor. luU upon 
 the complition of the Forst-ltichiy I'.uilding. 
 Ilie\' Secured cnminunicatiiig ollici'S on the 
 Second lloor. fiiiiiling on State sti'eel, and 
 ha\'c ri'inaiiied there e\'er since. liy close 
 and constant attention to e\cry detail. Case 
 iV ('.lin lia\f succeeded in a notcU(il'tli\' degree. 
 Mr. Cain has lieen Cnuucilman-at-l.arge and 
 I'Loideiit of Connnon Coinicil for twn years, 
 from IS'.IJ to IS'.it. A- I'rcsidcnt of this 
 li(.i|\-, he has alwa\> ~liiiwii great interest 
 in the citv's progress and wi'Ifare. Mr. Cain 
 lia> also lic'cn I'rcsidcnt of tlic Tri-iitnu Cluh 
 fu|- the pa-l live years. 
 
 oabiin-k.h II. c'.Mx. Coi,om:i. .Iomn T. \'a\ Ci.i:i;i' has lie<>n a 
 
 resident of this State ,-ince early chiMliood, 
 .although liis original home was Coxsackic, New \<<vk, where In- was 1m, rn in ISl'.l. His 
 father, Itev. I'au! 1 ). \'an Clcc'f. was at that time a miinsler in that jilacc, luit >hortly after- 
 ward removed to Jersey City, where he lia> lieeii pa>tor of the Wayne Street Kcformed Church 
 for aliout forty-live years. Colonel \'an Cleef was edm-alcd at Dr. llashrouek's Institute, 
 Jersey City, where he prc|iarcil for college. \\ hen mdy twenty y<'ars old he graduated from 
 Rutgers College, New Rrunswick, Xi'W Jersey, of which his father is one of the honored Tntstees. 
 .\fter finishing his idassical eour-c he turned his attention to the law, and pursued his studies 
 with some of the leading Karristers of Jersey City. He was admittcil to the l>ar in 1S73, 
 .■mil soon afterward joined in fornnng the well-known law lirm of l-'leming, \'an Cleef A' Van 
 Horn, who had for many years the largest corpuratioii practice in Jers(>y Cily. During his 
 residence in Jersey City, Colonel \'an ('lecf hecame prominiMit in iJi-ofessional, social and 
 jiolitieal life. His ahility as a lawyer was of the highlit order, his social (|Ualitics were 
 highly developed and his imlitical record was entirely lionorahle. For over ten years he served 
 as Secretary of the Jioard of Finance, and during 1S71 and ISTo, he represented Jersey City 
 in the Hoard of Aldermen. When the State ]5oard of Assessors was appointed in ISS), Ciilonel 
 Vail Cleef was at onee tendered the position of Secretary of that Roard, a |iosition which he 
 accepted and tilled for a uumher of years. He is well known and greatly liked hy all of the State 
 House ollieials and attaches. His friends may lie found in every jiart of the State, as his duties 
 in one capacity or another bring him into contact with all of the prominent citizens of New Jersey. 
 
TIIK ( ITV OF TRENTON. 
 
 190 
 
 In ISSS, lif was a|i|i(mitr(l dii (luvcriKH- (ii-ci'ii's |iiTsiiiial stalT with tlir rank (if Ciilinirl. ami 
 has siTVrd (111 tlic stalT of ( Idvcnmr Ahlirtt, and is ii()\\ dii (l(i\crn(ir Wcrts' stall', lie is always 
 livdinincnt in the annual Sea (iift cncaniiiniciit, hcini;- Sccrctai-v of the New Jersey Hi He .\ss(ieiati(in 
 and Secretary ('(Uninissary (in the staff iif Drg'anizatinii. ]'"(ir years lie has been in chartre cf the 
 siieial jiart nf the eneain|inieiit life, and lias ehai'ined all \isil(irs li\- his |iliasant aiul airreeahle 
 manners. Since Felnaiai-y, IS'.I.",. he has resided in Ti-eiitdii. his hdine heini: at No. 528 Kast 
 State street. In ediineetidn witli hi^ duties as Seia-etaiy ol' tlie State IJdard df .\ssessiirs, ('oldiiel 
 \'an Cleel' has fdruiiilated the sini|ile .and |irai-t ie.-il Manks U|>dii wliieli the railro.ads make their 
 ta.x returns. Assisted hy Mr. .1. 1!. lielts, he li.is .alsd e()mijile(l the iiidsl thdrdiii^li lailniad niai) of 
 tlie State ever imlilished. Cdldiiel \'aii Cleef w.is niani.d in ls7(i Id M.ir\- I'ainna. daiiiihter of 
 Hon. A\'esley W. .Tdties, (if Kaliway. They lia\-e diie Sdii .aial diie daiiuJiter. W.dler .1. and Catalina. 
 Tie is attdi-ney fur the Trenton llri wini;- ('dm]iany and tlie 1 1\ Lician h-e ( 'dni|).iii\-, .and is Secretary 
 and attdi'iiey of the l'iaiiisy]\-.ani,i and New -lei'sey I'nw ( r ( '(inii>any and Itelaware Uiver Im])rd\-e- 
 nielit ('dliiliany. He is IKiW in tlie n( five |ir:ietiee (if the law. 
 
 ^\'ll,l,Is 1'. I'lAiManiKii-: was hdiii in Law reneeville. .New .leixw, in the \iar 1 sii.",. .\ftei- 
 receiyinii- a ;jd(id |ii-eliniinai-y eilucatidn at the .hihn ( '. (ireeii Sehndl. nf his native place, he 
 attendecl the ( '(illeij;c df Xc\\ .le|-sey, at I'liliceldll. In 
 1<S(S3 he came td TrentdU and eiiti red the dlUce df 1 1 UL;h 
 II. Hamill. l'"<(|uiiv. td |iui-nc the study < if Law . I le cdii- 
 tiuued his study until his adinissinu td the har as attur- 
 tiey, in 1.S.S7. Three ye.ars later lie was a(lniitte(l as 
 c()unselor-at-la\v. He served as Clerk df I'^wIiil: Idwii- 
 shiji tliree successive years and was cnuiisel fiu- the >aiiic 
 tdwiiship in ]X'.>'2 and lM)"i. .Ali-. Hainhridiic li.is a head \- 
 achieved success in the practice (if his prdfessidu, li.avim: 
 Imilt upi. a must satist'actdry jiraetice. He (ic(aipies a 
 pl(.'asan't dllice in the l>inc(iln IIuildiiiL;. cdi iicr (if St.itc 
 and IJroad streets. 
 
 C.\RROLL RoBBIXS Was lidni near I'.lddnisluiry. 
 Hunterdnn county, New Jersey, (in 1 )ecciiilici- ."id, 
 18o.S. lie received Ills early ediicatidiial trainiiiL; at a 
 jirivatc seliddl in his nativt.' tdwn, ((inducted li\' his 
 father, Sylvester I'dhhiiis. He afterward cdiitinned 
 under his father's ]irecept(irsliip fur t\vd (ir three year- 
 at Easton, Penn.sylvania. In the fall df ]S77, he culcrcd 
 I'rincctdU. L'raduatiuL; with liiLih hoiidrs with the Class df 
 '>1 , df w hicli he was ma then Kit i( -a 1 fdlnw . and afterward 
 took a post-trraduate cdurse of one year at Princeton in mat hematics 
 Trenton and heuan readinu' law with .lames Uuchauan. Es(|uii-e, of I'S West State street, hut a year 
 later left Ml', r.uchaiian's oHicc Id acce|it a po^itidii as m.atlicmatical instructor at i'rinceton. In 
 1885, he entere(l the ( 'olimihia Law School, and aftei' rini>hini; his course there, he came to Trenton, 
 where he was admitteil to the har, in Xoycmlna-. IS.^li. and in L'^x'-I was liccn>ed as counselor-atdaw. 
 H(^ lias served two terms on the Lo.nd of llcallli of Trcntdii. .and .lune Itli, 1.'^!I5, he was a]i]iointed 
 a iiiemli( 1- of the Commission of I'liMic 1 nsli iictiou, and he is now serviiiji on that honorahle IJoard. 
 .Mr. K(Jihins wa.- married Oclohei- l:.lth, I8.S7, to IMna, i la uiihtcr of Thomas K. Thonijisoii, Esiiuire. 
 of Urhana, Oliio. 
 
 ■\Vii-i.[.- r, H.vlNlillllKil.:. 
 
 I.s.s;',, Mr, I'ohhius came to 
 
 L|.;vi T.V'i'Loit IL\.N.\iM is a native of Ticntdii, haxini; liceii horn hei-e in L'^l'.l. His earlier 
 education was recei\cd at the State Model Scl I. He afterward, however, entered Princeton Col- 
 lege, and was a graduate fr that institute df rcudwn in the year 1870. I.eaving college, lie read 
 
 law with the late A. (!. Uielicy. and was admitted td the har. He was made attorney in 187.H and 
 ohtaineil recognition as cdunsclor in the year \x~i'>. .Mr. il.innum is one df the hest lawyers of the 
 city of Trenton, is well known and respected hy all. He is a very modest and unassuming man, 
 and .attends strictly to his |)rofessional duties. He has never seen lit to enter the realm of woillock. 
 Ili> home is at 'ioJ East llanoyer street. 
 
200 
 
 THE CTTY OF 'rrvKNTOX. 
 
 Tlic law linn of Cudssi.KV A- >[(i.\ni()Mi':itY is (■(imposed nf \\'illiaiii J. Cnisslcy and .Idliii A. 
 
 Mdiit.Lrciiicrv. William .J. Cnisslcy was Imru in Trmton, New Jersey. .latmary 7th. ISCiCi. lie 
 
 linislied llic entii'e course ill tile city's inildie schools, graduating from the Trenton High School in 
 
 ISS;?. Early ili,'Vol()i)ing a liking for the law, he entered 
 the olliec of ex-Judge lUleluinan. In 18N!) he was ad- 
 mitted to the liar as an attorney. At the instig.-ition of 
 ex-Judge ]?uehanan. in 1S',)(), he was a|i|iointcd Super- 
 intendent of the Uecorded 1 ndeliteduess Branch of the 
 Census for the Second New Jersey Congressional Dis- 
 trict. l'"or li\c successive terms he was appointed liy 
 .liidge W'oodrulf to defend imiiecunious prisoners at the 
 .Meircr County Court. This gave Mr. Crossley the 
 oppollUliit V that lie lleeiled to make himself known 
 llii'oughunt the lily and county as an aide criminal 
 la\\\er. He has also earncij an envialile reputation as 
 a political speaker. He has several times stumpcil his 
 ciiuuU' and Congressional district in the interests of 
 hi> pieceptoi' and the paity in general. lie has Keen a 
 iiiiiiilici- of the City and County licpulilicaii lv\eciui\-e 
 Committees, and has licen a delegate to important 
 ciiiiveiitioiis of the past few yeai's. Several times he 
 lia~ had llielioiiorof making the noiiiinatiiig speech. 
 \\ II i.nM .1. cuossi.Kv. The Sixth Ward IlepuMican .\ssociatiiiii was I'oinied 
 
 larLi'elv through his cfforls. and he was made its liiv-t 
 
 {'resident.. Mr. Cmsslcv was elected police Justice .March 2.'!d. IS'.U. for the >horl term, and 
 
 in .\pril re-elected lor the jicriod of three years. In ISMihcwas mairicd to Sallic S. .Vrmh. of 
 
 East on. I 'a. 
 
 • loliii .\. .Montgomery was honi in Trenton. New 
 
 Jersey, in .July. l>;<l'i. He was pi-cpai'ed for college at 
 
 a hoarding-school ;it Ti\ iili-on-tlic-ll udson. and w:is 
 
 gi'aduated from I'linceton College in the Cla>~ ol ^<i. 
 
 lie immcdiatcK' I'ctnrncd to Ti'eiiton and connnenced 
 
 the study of law with .lames Ihichaiian. In IS'.II) he 
 
 was adniillcil as an attorne\-al-law . and as counselor 
 
 ill \SU\. 
 
 It was while studying bn\ in .lames lluchanan's 
 
 ollice th;it he liecame ac(piainteil with Mr. Crossley, 
 
 and in is'.i:! Ihese two young men formed the |iartnei'- 
 
 ship linn of Crossley i^- Montgomery. Their ollice is 
 
 al No. ;'>1 South iJroad street, corner of Front sti'cet. 
 Mr. Montgoincrv is a |)emocral in politics, and 
 
 has .--excral times served on the City I )el a'atic 
 
 Ivxi'cutive Commitlce. Judge Woiidrulf a]ipointed 
 
 him to defend impecunious |irisonci's at the Mci-ecr 
 
 Coimlv Cmu't for three succe~sive terms. liy Chan- 
 cellor McCill he was appointed recci\ci- of the Uar- 
 
 negat Park Land Association. .Mr. .Montgomery is a 
 
 niemher of the Nassau Cluh, of Princeton, and the Sons of the Itcvolution. He was manied 
 
 in PSitl to Helen Houdinot, daughter of .Vdiutant-Ccneral William S, Str\d<er. 
 
 .T..HN .\. .M(i\ I 
 
 P>.\l!ToN I!, ill rcHiNsoN was horn at .Mleiilown, .Monmouth coiiiily. New .Icr^cy. .luiie Idth, 
 1S(;(). Quite early in life .Mr. Hutchinson dc\-elo]ied a fondness for the law. and when he was 
 ahout seventeen years (jf age he came to Trenton to study law with Holt A- Urotlier. He was with 
 tlieni for a uuniher of V(^ars and received a verv thorouudi drill in his profession. In .Iniie, l.SSl, 
 
TIIK CITY OF TRENTON. 
 
 201 
 
 lie was :\iliiiitt('(l tn tlic liar ns an atlni'iicy-at-law, anil as (■(nniscldr in is>i|. His rcputatiim as a 
 skillful and surrcssfnl lawvri- is vrry tliui'dnulily rstalilisiicd. l''(ir scvci-al years lie lias been a 
 ]irciniinent nienilier o( the JJoard nl' Traile, was Vice President of tiiat Imdy in 1888 and 18SH, and 
 I'l-esiilent during 1890-91. For two years he was Secretary u\' the l!(]iulilican Executive Coni- 
 niittee of the city of Trentim. In ISDl, he was elected to tlie Assenilily from tlu' First district and 
 was re-elected in 1892. serviiiLf in the leiiislative sessions of IS'.ii' ami IS'.t.'!. Mr. Hutchinson is an 
 ai-drnt lu'iiuliliean and serveil his party well. He was the l!e|iuMicaii leader un the Ihior of the 
 House in 1893, and fought most vigorously against the jiassage of the Race-track hills. He also 
 did excellent service on the Connuittee <in tlie .ludiciary. Tn ISS.'i, he married Sarali 'S\. Hulnu', of 
 Ocean county, New Jersey. Three <lii]dren have Ix^en horn to tlwui — Cliarles Perev, Lawrence 
 "Willis and Anna Hulnie. 
 
 Mr. Hutchinson is still a young man. and fi'oni the success that he has achieved in his pro- 
 l'cssi(jn and in the political affairs of tln' cit}' and county, lie Kids fair to |-eaeh a liigh place, for he 
 has won the respt'ct ami coiiliihnee of liis constituents hy his integi-ity and fair dealing. 
 
 Hi:i;\'EV C. Scuddek is a native of Trenton and was Imrn in jsiis. He is a son of the late 
 Priel T. Seudder, a nii'mher of the lirni of Titus tV' Seuddia-. who. fdi- iiiaii\- yeai's. earrii'd on the 
 dry goods husiness in Trenton. Since \x~'). lie has re- 
 sided in Ewing township, on tin' homestead farm of his 
 gi'andfather, the late.Jose]jh 1!. Anderson. Heae(|uired 
 his education in the jiuhlic sehonls of l^wiiiL: and 
 Ti-eiitiiii. He was graduati'd fiMui the Treiitini IW'Ai 
 School in ISSSj and at the commencement exercises of 
 that year delivered the Latin S.alutntiiry. 
 
 Hervey C. Scmlder is a Hepnlilii.au. .\s a resident 
 of Ewing township, he docs not identify himself with 
 the ])olities of this city, Imt at his home he is one of tlu' 
 aeti\'i' yoiuii; men of the jiaily. \\ presiait, he is a 
 mi'inher of Ewing Township lioai'd of Ivliieation, and 
 is serving as Clerk of the Board. He studied law with 
 cx-.hidge William M. Lanning, with whom he is imw 
 associated in practice, and was admitti'il to the l>ar in 
 1S92. 
 
 LiXTo.v Sattertuwait was hm-n near Columhus, 
 Piiirlington county, New Jersey, Januai-y I'.ltli. 1S.')7. 
 Whin ten years of age his father mo\ed to a farm 
 ill Lawrence township, .Mercer county. New .lersev, 
 
 and while living there Linton came (o Trenton everv da\- and adended the State Model 
 School. From there he went to the Trenton .\eailemv, and, aftei- spending several years in that 
 institution, he took a thoroniih eoinse at Ihe Trenton linsiness College. Concluding that he would 
 extend his education to a colL.'ge covu'se, he spent two vears at Shortlidge's .Vcademy, at Media, 
 Pennsylvania, where he prejiarcd for ^'ale College, which institution he entered in the fall of 1S79, 
 graduating therefrom with the Cla-s of "s:!. .Vftcr graduating, he retnnied to the academy at 
 Media, where he taught one year. In Lss."), he took up the study of law. rcLristcring as a student 
 in the law office of ex-Judge Ihuhanan. In connection with his law studies he worked one year on 
 the local staff of the Philadelphia " lieeonl," whieh position he resigned when, in the l^'hruary 
 Term, 1887. he was admitted as an attonicy-at-la w. In his short career as a counselor, he has 
 (ignred in many cases of importance. 
 
 Mr. Satterthwait was married on .lime -JOth. is'.l.".. to Miss I'lorenee W. Ilihhs. an e>limalili> 
 young lady of (Termanto\\ n, l'eimsyl\:iiii.i. ( )ne child — a d.anghtcr — has hlesscd the hapjiy union. 
 He has contrihntcd many valiiaMe articles to our .\merican lih'ratnre, most of which were of a 
 politie.il naluie. eontrihulim; ehielly lo till' ••.\meriian .lournal of I'olilies." the " ^'alc Itcvicw" 
 and the --State liazette." 
 A-^= 
 
 Ul:it\ lA C. SerhhKK. 
 
202 
 
 THE CITY OF TItENTOX. 
 
 ('iiAiii.i-;?; Edwaiui Rdiiicirrs was Ikh'ii in I-jiuland in tlic year 1S(;1. His early ciliu-atinn was 
 jirocurcil at tlir ])uiiiir scliixils in liis native c-ountry. After leavin^r scIkioI he was ticket accent on 
 
 (ine of tlie leadinir railroads of Entfjand. lie came 
 to America in 1SS4 and immediately locate(l in 
 Trenton, where he has ever since resided. Ho he- 
 \ came an ellicient stenoL'rapher and was engaged to 
 
 teach tlie evenini.' class at the 'I'rt'nton High School, 
 in which capacity he still serves. He entered as a 
 law student in the ollice of Hon. (leorge M. Itohe- 
 son, and lini>licd his course at the llai-vai'd Law 
 School. In l.S'.t;; he was admitted to the liar of New 
 .lersey as an attoi-ney-at-law. His ollice is located at 
 till' southwest conii'i' of State and IJi'oad street.*. 
 
 Edwin l!or.i;i;'i' W.\i,ki;i; was horn in Rochester, 
 New ^■ork. Scplcinhcr l:;tli. iMil'. I 'i...!! the death 
 of his father. Dr. Walter Walker, of that |ilace, in 
 1S().S. hi' was lii-oMiilit to 'I'l-eiiton and lia< li\-cd here 
 e\'er since. 'i'renton and vicinity lia\e lieeii the 
 hoiuc of his iiiatcrnal ancestors since ICiT"^. he hi'ing 
 a lineal ilesc-endant of the | n'l miiiient .and wcalthv 
 ituaker, >hdi]iiii Stacy, who cniue finm l']nt:land in 
 the shi|i ■■Shield" ill that year, and, togi'thcr with 
 the other colonists, formed the settlement which is 
 now the city of riiirliii'.;toii. New .lersey, and who 
 afterward hccanii' tln' founder of the citv of Trenton. 
 Tn 1'>7>^ Mr. W.'ilkcr hecami' a clerk in the ollice of 
 the Court of ('liaiicer\' and remained there until h^'^li. wlii'ii he resinueil to commence the |iractice 
 of law, having >ludied for the profession under lion, (larrct I ). W. \'rooni. .Mi-, W'.ilkcr was 
 admitted to the har at the .lime Term of the Supreme ( 'oiirt, l'S>^ii. as an attorney, and at the 
 corres]ionding tenii three years latir he was made a counselor. [•'mm the lirst hi' has lieeii in 
 active practice, and was counsel I'm' tin- Hoard of Chosen Frccholdci's of the county of Mercer in 
 lS'.)l-'.l-i, and was City Counsel of tie- city of Tri'iiton in IS'.lL'-lt.",. Mr. Walker is a memher of 
 the l)cmocratic League, of which he was one of the organizers ami at one time ['resident. He is a 
 iiK'Uiher of the lierkeley ('lull, of which he was one <if the organizers, and is also a mcmliei^ of 
 the New Jersev Societv Sons of the Ri'\dhltion. 
 
 Cll-\ui.t->^ F,r)\VAHii U(iliKUT.*i. 
 
 Hon. Uoi',i;i{'r Si'K.\(i:i; WooiiKri-j. is a iia(i\-e of Newark, \ew .lersey. When ahout nine 
 years of age he removed with his jiarciits to Trenton, and this city has heeii his home ever since. 
 
 .hidge WoodrulT was graduated from hoth the .Model and the State Normal Scl Is, and shortly 
 
 after graduating from the last-named institution he was called to New Hrunswiek as the Principal 
 of Rutgers College (Iranmiar School, and while thus engaged pursued his classical studies umler 
 Hr. Campliell, President of I'utgers College, and I'rof. iieilly. Professor in Latin, and after jiassing 
 examination the degree of A. 15. was conferred upon him, and latei' the degree of A,.M. He 
 reniainei] at New Rrunswiek as student and teacher for li\e years. lie connneiiced the study of 
 law with Ihm. <!. 1>. .\drain, of New Rrunswick, and later llnisheil in the ollice of Hon. Lewis 
 Parker, of Trenton, New .Jersey, He was admitted to the har as an attorney-at-law in 1S()S, and 
 as counselor in lN7(i. Judge M'ooilruff soon rose to prominence in his proft'ssion, and has filled 
 many positions of honor in this city and countv. lie also takes a very active ]iart in the ]iolitical 
 life of tlie city. 
 
 Sonu! of tlie more im|iortant piihlic positions which he has lilled are as follows, viz. : Memher 
 of Coiiinion Council ami Chairman of the i'inanee Committee; Receiver of Ta.xes from 1S71 to 
 1^7-") ; Memher of the New .lersey State Legislature in 1<S7.J, serving on the Judiciary Committee 
 with tlie present Chancellor Mc( Jill ( during this session the last Constitutional .\niendments were 
 Ijvougiit uji anil linally adopted ) : Meiiiher of the i-^chool Hoard of the city for ahout twelve years, 
 
TlIK CirV OF TliKXTOX. 203 
 
 and President <if tlial liody during 1S78 and ISTU ; Judge of the District ruurt riMiii 1S77 to ISSS ; 
 Trustee of the New .lei'sey State School for Deaf-Mutes for live yi'iu-s. lie is :il present President 
 of tlie Poard of Schiml ('nniiins^iinici-s, ami since 1 S',»() has Kcin Law .lud;:e df .Mcr<-cr count v. His 
 term as Judge of the Court of Conininn Pleas will expire in I'.IDI). Jlis law olliees are on the 
 first floor of No. 1M7 East State street, and hi> lii>nic is at Xo. liliS East Hanover street. Judge 
 W'oddruit' is very well known and universally i-es|ieclcd. He is |ii'cihiinent not cmlv in his 
 profession, but in everything thid hioks to the growth and pi-ogress of theiity. He has alwavs 
 heen interested in the welfare of 'rrenton, especially in the puhlic schools. He has wm-ked earlv 
 and late for the nioic [lerfect develii|inient of the |iulilic school sxsteni in thicitvand has accdui- 
 plished a great deal in that direction. Trenton has no nioic |iul>lic-s|)iiiicd citi/i'U nor none <]f 
 whom she is more justly jirouil than Judge Robert .S. \\'(jodrulT. 
 
 The following is a comjilele list of the incnihers of tln' liar of ihc State of XcW .lcrse\' who were 
 resident in the city of Trenton at the close of June Term of the Sn|ircine ('ouit, IS".)-') — in all. one 
 hundred and six : 
 
 Aitkin, James S., ..... Aihnitted Novemher Tci-m. 1S.")7. 
 
 x\llinson, 1). C'oo])er, .... 
 
 Anderson, I.croy H.. . . . . " 
 
 Apgar, W. Hoh, 
 
 Applegate, Harry Le Hoy, ... " 
 
 P.ackes. J,.hn H.', .... 
 
 Kaekes, .1. William 
 
 Baekes, I'etcr " 
 
 Bainhri.lge, Willis ]' 
 
 Barton, Horatio N 
 
 Beashy, Channcy H., .... 
 
 Beasley, Mercer, ..... " 
 
 Biddle, flareneeS., 
 
 Bird, John T., 
 
 Buchanan, James, . . . . . " 
 
 Buchanan, James, .... " 
 
 Cahill, James J., . . . . . " 
 
 Cain, (iardner H., . . . . " 
 
 Clark, James F., . . . . . " 
 
 Coleman, Kutherford, .... " 
 
 Conard, .lolni LctTcits " 
 
 Cook, Edwai-d Crant " 
 
 Coward, Ja...l. M 
 
 Crev.'Iin,-, Wesley, .... 
 
 Crosshy, William J., . . . . " 
 
 CnnK'h, John M., . . . . " 
 
 Dawes, Aai'on \., . . . . . " 
 
 Dayton, William 1,., .... " 
 
 Dickinson, S. Miavdith " 
 
 Dippolt, .lames L. I not [iracticing ), . " 
 
 Evans, Kdwaid \\ . . Sr., .... 
 
 F'isehcr, .loM'pli, ..... 
 
 Foi'i-e, .lames .M., ..... 
 
 Cnichtel, Frederick W., ... 
 
 Crant, Israel P., " 
 
 Green, Charles K., . . . . " 
 
 (ireen, Edward '1'., . 
 
 Green, Elmer E., . . . . . " 
 
 Green, Ilemy W., ..... 
 
 Gro.svenor, (jeorgc S., .... 
 
 l''clii'uai-y 
 
 ' 1 .s(;;j. 
 
 Fi-hruai'v 
 
 l.St)."). 
 
 June 
 
 • ls,S4. 
 
 l'\liiaiai'y 
 
 ]S!).-). 
 
 Novend>er 
 
 I. SSI. 
 
 .lune ' 
 
 isii;;. 
 
 I'eliruary 
 
 1 SS(i. 
 
 .lune ' 
 
 ' 1 SS7. 
 
 l'"ilirnai-y ' 
 
 is7i;. 
 
 .lune 
 
 jss;;. 
 
 Se|)temlier ' 
 
 1 .s;',s. 
 
 Novemher 
 
 ' ISUl. 
 
 Xovcmhel- 
 
 ■ is,v>. 
 
 Xovendter 
 
 ' 1S(;4. 
 
 .June 
 
 • iss;i 
 
 F"ehrnai-y ' 
 
 ' ISiM. 
 
 Novcmhci- 
 
 • iss.-). 
 
 Filiruary 
 
 • 1 s<).-). 
 
 .hull' 
 
 • 1 S7S. 
 
 I'^elii-uary 
 
 ISi).'). 
 
 .lune ■ 
 
 ISfiS. 
 
 Jnn,' " 1,S!)0. 
 
 Xo\-emlier 
 
 1S().'). 
 
 .lune 
 
 1 SS'.). 
 
 N'ovcndii'r 
 
 is<)0. 
 
 N<ivi'mhcr 
 
 ISSS. 
 
 .lune ' 
 
 is()(;. 
 
 .huM- " is(j;i 
 
 X'ovemhcr 
 
 is-iu. 
 
 .lune 
 
 is(i;5. 
 
 Fehruai-y 
 
 isso. 
 
 I'"ehruary 
 
 isso. 
 
 .huie 
 
 is; 18. 
 
 l''ehruary 
 
 isi)2. 
 
 •lune 
 
 1S(18. 
 
 X'ovcndier 
 
 • 1S,-)S. 
 
 June ' 
 
 ' 1873. 
 
 Novemher ' 
 
 ' ISiH. 
 
 June 
 
 • 187.'3. 
 
204 
 
 TIIIC CITY OF TRENTON. 
 
 Cluiiiiiicre, Charles E., 
 Gunnnerc, William 8.. 
 Hainill, llvi-li 11., . 
 llaiiiiltoii, Morris K., . 
 Haninim, Levi T., . 
 Holt, William. . 
 Holt, Wooill.ury 1)., 
 Howell, John G., 
 Howell. Lambert L.. 
 Hunt, Jose])h VAy, 
 1 1 utcliinson, Harton 15., 
 Ilutehinson, Symmes 1?., 
 Jamieson, \\'illiani M., 
 Johnson, William V., . 
 Jones, Asa, 
 
 Katzenhaeh. Fi'ank S., .Ir., . 
 Fanniui:, William .M., 
 Lee, Franeis 1!., . 
 Little, Henry .'^., 
 Loos, Neviu J., . 
 Lowthorp, Franeis C. , 
 Maepherson, (.ieor^e \\'., 
 ^laple, Theodore C, 
 MeMieha.'l, William P., Jr., 
 Jlouttiomery, John .\., 
 Morrell, Henry IL, 
 ]\itn-i)liy, Kdwaril IL, 
 Naar, Samuel (i., 
 Oliphant, Samuel D.. 
 Oliphant, Samuel IK, .Ir. , 
 
 Packer, (iouverueur \'., 
 
 Parker, Lewis, 
 
 Perrine, Lewis, 
 
 Petty, .Nelson L., 
 
 Pliilli|.s, 11, my 1)., . 
 
 Reed, .\lfred, ' . 
 
 Rellstah, John, 
 
 Riehey, Isaac F., . 
 
 Rohhins, Carroll, 
 
 Roberts, Charles E., 
 
 Robeson, (ieorge ^L, 
 
 Rue, A. Judson, . 
 
 Rusling, James F., . 
 
 Sanford, William A., . 
 
 Sattertliwait, Linton, 
 
 Seott, Lewis W., . 
 
 Scudder, George 1)., 
 
 Scudder, Hervey C. , 
 
 Stockton, Bayard, 
 
 Stockton, John P., 
 
 Stockton, Robert F. , 
 
 Sykcs, John, 
 
 Teni]ile, John T., . 
 
 Tunison, Harmon P., . 
 
 Van Cleef, John T., 
 
 Admitted February Term, is*tl. 
 
 " June ' " 1873. 
 
 February " 1877. 
 
 " September " IS-l-J. 
 
 June ' 
 
 ' 1874. 
 
 June ' 
 
 ' 1 8(i8. 
 
 November 
 
 ISO.-?. 
 
 Novendier 
 
 is7(;. 
 
 June 
 
 • 1S72. 
 
 l'\'bruary ' 
 
 ' 188(5. 
 
 Juill' ' 
 
 ' 1881. 
 
 February ' 
 
 ' 1879. 
 
 June ' 
 
 ' 18<)(). 
 
 June ' 
 
 ' 18B8. 
 
 Novembei- ' 
 
 ' 187(i. 
 
 November ' 
 
 ' 18!)2. 
 
 N..vendHT " 1880. 
 
 June " 1893. 
 
 April " 1848. 
 
 Novendier " 18<.)4. 
 
 June' " 1875. 
 
 Novi'nibcr •' 1878. 
 
 l•^llrual■y " 1S78. 
 
 June " 1S7!). 
 
 June " IS'.ll. 
 
 Fcbrnary " 18<.)L 
 
 February " 187U. 
 
 June •• 1880. 
 
 November " 1SI)7. 
 
 Novel nlier " 1S.S7. 
 
 .luuf •• 18;).3. 
 
 .June " IMU. 
 
 June " bSS.S. 
 
 June " 181)4. 
 
 Fcbrn.iry " 18S3. 
 
 .Innc •• 18(54. 
 
 Novi'inbcr " 1882. 
 
 June " 1875.' 
 
 Novend)er " 188(5. 
 
 Novendier '• 18'J3. 
 
 July •' 1850. 
 
 Novi'udier " 1879. 
 
 June '' 1859. 
 
 February " 1892. 
 
 February " 1887. 
 
 N<ivend>i'r " 1871. 
 
 .June " 1879. 
 
 Novendu'r " 1892. 
 
 February '• 1878. 
 
 April " " 1847. 
 
 November '' 1854. 
 
 November " 1887. 
 
 June " 1868. 
 
 June " 1894. 
 
 June " 1872. 
 
THE CITY OF TRENTON. 
 
 205 
 
 Ailniittcil April Torni, 1X51. 
 
 ,1 line 
 
 
 iss.-j. 
 
 .Illlll.' 
 
 
 ISC..",. 
 
 June 
 
 
 ISSIJ. 
 
 NnVtMllln-r 
 
 
 is.s;',. 
 
 .1 line 
 
 
 is<.):;. 
 
 Feliiiinrv 
 
 
 ISTC. 
 
 Feliruary 
 
 
 isii;}. 
 
 .luiie 
 
 
 1.S80. 
 
 Feliruary 
 
 
 IHSl. 
 
 Juno 
 
 ( i 
 
 l.SliS. 
 
 Van Syckel, Ben net, .... 
 
 Van Syckel, William 8 
 
 \'ni()ni. (larret |). W'., .... 
 
 Walker, Eihviii Unliert. 
 
 Walker, Siunuel. ..... 
 
 Wats.ni, Wnltun M 
 
 ^\'elli^u:, Charles Levny. 
 
 M'ilson, Frank \\'., .... 
 
 W,,u,l, Ira W 
 
 W'ooil, l.saac T., 
 Woodruff, Pvoliert S., . 
 
 There are in the city the followini;- law firms : IJarton i\: Dawes nfnratin N. liarton and Aaron 
 \'. Daweis), Buchanan i*c Rellstali ( i'X-CoiiL;ressman .lames Hiiehaiian and .lohn Kellstah), CmssleyiV: 
 Montgomery (W'illiam .T. Crossleyaiid .lohii .\. Mmiti^dmia-y ), Barker (liimiiiere A' Sims (William S. 
 Gunnnere, Charles V.. ( iunimere and Samuel I!, (i urn mere i, St nek ton ,v .luhnsnn ( .Inlin I'. Stockton 
 and AMlliam Y. .Johnson), Lowthor]) t^- Olijihant ( l''raiieis C. ],o\\ tlioi-|i and Samuel 1). Oliphant, 
 
 Jr.). Holt it Wilson ( W lluu'y D. Holt and Frank W. Wilson), A|i|ile<:ate it Coward (Harrv- 
 
 Le Roy Applegate and Jaeol) ^M. Coward i. Holt it (Irani (William Holt and Israel I!, (iranti, 
 Howell & Brother (J. (i. and L. L. Howell ). 
 
 Of the Justices of the Supreme Court resident in Trenton, are ('hid' .fiistiee Meiver lli^aslev. 
 Associate Justice Bennet ^'all Syckel and Associate .liistice William S, (limmiere. ( )f the (oiirl of 
 Clunu'cry, Vice ChaiK/ellor .lohn T. Bird and X'ice Chancellor .\lfrcd i;ee<l reside in Trenton. The 
 Chancery Reporter, S. Mereditli ])iekiii,~(jn, and the Law licportei', (iarret 1). W. \'room, are resi- 
 dents of Trenton. The State Lihrarian, Morris R. Hamilton, is also a 'riiiiloiiian, as are District 
 Court Judge Chauncy H. Beasley and Law .Judge of Mercer County llohcrt S. Woodruff'. Cniteil 
 States District Court Judge Edward T. (jreeii has his home in Trenton. 
 
 Although various law students' organizations have comi' into existence in this cit\-. the latest 
 and most successful attempt was recently made hy Mr. D. I'A'crctt \'an Driglit. assisted liy .Messrs. 
 Joseph P. Hickey and John AV. Zisgeii. A notici' for temporary organization was |inlilisheil, at 
 whicli meeting Mr. Van Driglit jircsided. On May Ith, 1S',I.">, |iei-manent organization was c'lTeitcd 
 liy the election of the following ollicers : President, Anthony S. liri-miiin ; \'ice President, .lames 
 Kelly ; Secretary and Treasurer, .lolm W, Zisgeii ; (^uizz Master, Frederick Hiiline. The ohjects 
 for which the association was organized are four — Moot Court. Law !>cctures, (Jtiizz ( 'lass ami I »elia1ei<. 
 Meetings are held weekly, on Saturday afternoons, in the Council Cliamlierof the City Hall. The 
 mimlier of rnemhers on the list is twentv-nine. 
 
CHAPTER XX r I. 
 
 rin'siciAXs i\ trextox. 
 
 Eari.v Davs (iK Pkactick — Tiiio \\'i:si.i:va.\ DdcTitiMC hf " I'i;i.\iAri\-]c rii\-si( 
 Disrii'i.Ks (IF ICscui.APir.s AMi iiii: l'i;i:si;\i' (Iknkkathin. 
 
 -])isTi.\iirisnKi) 
 
 ^/^ss"^ 
 
 1 1 !■; 1 1 IS'l'i )1!\' (if c.-ii-ly iiiciliral )ii-:ictii-c' in Tniitiin is lariri'ly :i rcjictition nf the 
 roc'onl of cvi'i'y gniwiiig colonial town. (Quacks and cliavlatans ])n'yril n]i(in an 
 itjnorant ]iulilic, Icavinfr in tlicir path wrccknl constitutiims and even liodily 
 injuries. In<lee(l, so urt^at did tiiis evil heecmie tliat in IT'iii the Xew .Jersey 
 Me(lieal Society was formed, tlie constitution of which orjranization was sitrncd hy 
 fourteen of the most respectahk' of the ]ihysieians of the eastern jiortion of the 
 Colony. Throui;]! the inlluenees of tliis Society, the "Act to retrulate the ]>rac- 
 tiee of iihysiek and suru'ery '' was ])assed in 1772, which ])rohihited anyone from 
 exereisiufr the "healing art" e.\ce|it the a]i]ilieant he first examined hefore two 
 Justii-es of the Su])reme Court and an examiner whom they mi.udit select. 
 \'arious otiier statutes wen^ passeil <lurini.' the century succee(linjr 17ti(), all of which tendeil to 
 restrict tile operations of ipiacks, to aid tiie State Society and to place tlie jiraetice of medicine upon 
 a catliolic yet conservative liasis. Within recent years, |iartiiulai'ly in l>i'.ll and ISil."), the Legisla- 
 ture has ])asscd acts which are of tlie Lircatcst importance to Ihr profission, more especially relatiuir 
 to cpiestions of a liyj;ienic eh:iraeter. 
 
 .\ curious jihase of tlie earlv pra<-tice of medicini' in Trenton is to lie fdund in a little himk, 
 entitled '-Primative Piiysic or an Ivisy and Xatui'al IMi'thod of Cm'ing ]\Iost Diseases."' This was 
 the sixteenth edition, printed in 17.'~l.S hy (Jut'iiuelle A- AVilson, and was written hy .John Wesley, the 
 founch'r of Methodism, in London. Tlic date of the (irefaee is .hmc 1 1th, 17)7. The remedies are 
 all of a vegetahle nature, and are very (juaint and interesting. Regarding cliildren, it is advised 
 tliat they should not touch s]iiritiious or fermented li(|nor hefore they are tini i/cars old. For con- 
 s>unption, the patient is advised evci'y morning to cut u[i a httlc turf of fresh earth, and lying down 
 hreathe in the hole for a (|Uarter of an hour. The iliac passion, a violent kind of cramp, could he 
 curc(l hy holding a live liupl)y constantly on the helly. For lunacy, it is recommended that the 
 lioilcd juice of ground ivy and sweet oil and white wine l)e made into an ointnuait. "Cliafc it in 
 warm (water) every other day for three weeks." This generally cures melancholy. Tlie autiior 
 recommends cold hathing and the use of electricity. Tiiese, with other simple ri'mcdics, show that 
 .Ml-. Wesley, in his English an<l American societies, iiad gatiiered togi'thcr jilain pi-ojile of Iml litllc^ 
 education. Physicians were often imohtainable even in towns llic size of Trenton, and this little 
 liook was of great benefit, inasmuch as most of the remedies grew in the yards or gardens of nearly 
 every reader. 
 
 Of physicians immediately associated with Trenton and vicinity during Revolutionary times, 
 the name of Colonel .John Beatty is most jirominent. After residing in Princeton, where he 
 rendered ]iatriotic service, he later served as delegate to Congress, 1783 and 1793, and as Speaker of 
 the Assend>ly. In 17'.).j he was elected Sc'cretary of State, n>moved to Trenton, settled on tlie hanks 
 of tlie Delaware, and was President of both the Trenton Bridge and the Trenton Banking Company. 
 
J.iIlN WciOT.VKBTON, A.M., M.I). 
 
THE CITY OF TRENTON. 
 
 207 
 
 of till' early |iliysiriaiis of Tri'iitmi. ii was iiion' liiiilily rstccnii-il tliaii Niclmlas Jac(|ii('s 
 
 Eniaiiutl dr r.illrvillr. wild was ]h<v\] at ?*Ii'tz. Fi-aiirr, in 17-")-'l. He stiidicil incdicini. uihIit his 
 fatlirr, jiasscil scvi'ii ycais in tlic srlinuls and Inisiiitals of I'aris and canic to Trcntnu as a I'c^lldw 
 rov".V'"'' with ('"Uiit I'nlaski. (icncval I'liilcnmn Dickinson states that the \csscl in which he 
 sailed was a s1(hi| i-of-war, iniiuntiiiu fduvtcen uuns, with a vw\\ of HI.", men. She had on hoard 
 ahount IJlUll stand of arms for the American troo|is. On tl,,. twenty-second u\' .lulv. 1777, thev 
 arrived in ^lassaeluisetts. and tlii' first town he cntci-cd was Salem, when' he st.aid some da\s and 
 afterwards went to I'.oston. Di-. dc I'.cllcville attcnd.il the Comit. in I 1h- ■aiiaeitv of suruvon, in the 
 different parts of the c(,nntry til which he wini f,ii- the |,ni-|i(.sc of i-c(a-nitiiii:' a Iciiion. which the 
 Count was authoii/cd to raise hy the l'r(.vincial ( 'onuivss. I'idaski i-cni.-iineil some time at 'I'l-eiiton 
 for that ]iuriiose. where ]'.ellc\ille hcctinie aci|iiaiiited with Dr. I'.iyant, a |ihysician of eminence, 
 who took a fancy to him, ti-c.itcd him kindly, anil ciidi';i\ oicd to |Misn,idc him to '/wr n|i the annv 
 and scttli' in Tl-cnton. olTci'iiiL: to <lo .all in his power to iiili'orliicc him into practice. This he did 
 in the fall of 177^. In his professional life he was natni-ally the fi-i<iid of his comilr\inan. .lose|ih 
 Bonaparte, Connt de Sui-\illers, the c\ile(| Kini:- of Spain, who then rcsideil at lioivlentown. 'I'o 
 tlie inlhlence of Di-. de r.dli \-illc. the civdit must he L;i\('n of l.ciiiL; the fonndcr .if tin' ineilical pi'o- 
 fcssion in the city of Trenton. 
 
 Dr. .l.ames IJcakes Coleman was a student of medicine midcr I )i-. de liilles illi.. nnd <^i'aduated 
 from ^'alc Colli'iiv in ]s-J.'J. In ls:;7 |)|-. (olcm.ui, who h.id pr.iciiccd in I'hiladclphia and in Hnr- 
 lington county, removed to Trenton, when' he hecainc iiinnenl in the Held of sui-^crv. lie was 
 c.s.seiitially a niyriad-mindeil man, cipi.-illy ,it home upon the lectui-c platform, in the chemical 
 laboratory, or w ith mahl-stick and hinsh. I Ic .also contiilmtcd c\lcn^ivel\- to the lo;-al and Slate 
 press. In oflicial life, he wa.- for a w hile l'iv>idcnt of the State .Medical Society and of the Hoard 
 (if Health, was one of the ^lanaLivrs of the St.itc hmi.itic .\sylum and deeply inlcicslid in philan- 
 thn)])ic measures. Dr. Coleman ilied ahout twenty yeiii's since. 
 
 Dr. .James Clark, son of Di'. Israel ('lark, of Cl.arksvilli-, which spot was >ettlcd h\- the fandly 
 in ll'i'.l.'), was an cnnnent pi-actitiouia- of this city. Dr. .lames Clark's wife w:is M:n-y, dauiihter of 
 Dr. Nicholas de I'.clh'villc. 
 
 Di'. .lohn ^^cd\elway was a conti'mporar\' of Di'. Coleman, the profession:d careers of holh Ixanj; 
 ti'rminatcd at ahout the same period. Di-. .M(d\clwav was of the so-called "old school," and one 
 who was very punctilious as to the ethics of his pi'otcssioii, which he dearh lo\'cd. 
 
 Dr. .[olni D. Tayhii- w.as a native of Monmouth county, ami .afti'r uraduatini: at the Medical 
 I'nivirsity of New '^'ork City, acipiirecl a laiyc pi'acticc in Ticnlon. lie dieil. hiirhly i-cspccted. 
 Maivh I'd, 1S7'.K 
 
 The recent dcjiarture of Dr. William W. I.. Phillips from this city to heconic Sin-ucon at tlu^ 
 National Home at Fortress Monroe, N'irixinia, riano\es ;i particulai-ly prominent citiziai. With a 
 record of a most distintruished ch.aracter, as Sur.u'con in the .\rmy of the rotomac, as City I'hysician 
 and as I'hysician at the New Jersey St.ate Prison, Dr. Phillips did not coiiiinc his talents to these 
 hranchi'S of the jjuiilic sia-\icc, hut LiaNc his time and .•ittcnlion to vital municip.al matters. He was 
 one of the oi'L'ani/.crs of the Hoard of Trailc. wa> an active factor in the park .aixitation, diil more 
 than any one citi/.cn to sccui-e the pi-i^sciit scwia-ajic system, and was at the head of the early move- 
 ment Icaclint;' to the cstahlishnient of Mei-cei- Hospital. 
 
 For nearly forty years one of tin' most prominent physicians in Ti'cnton was Dr. .John W'ool- 
 verton, A.M., .M. D. He was hoi-n near Stockton, New .Ici-sey. ( )c|olicr 27th, 1S2."), and his early 
 life was spent on liis father's farm, in Hunterdon county. .\t the aixc of seventeen he entered 
 Fafayetto ColIe<>;e, at Easton. Pennsyhani.a. immediately after Icavini: college, lie eutei-ed as a 
 student the ollici' of Dr. Fouike, at New Hope. I'einisylvania. In 1^17 lu' malriculatcij at the 
 Medical Department of the Fniversity of i'emisylvaiua, ami reccivin.:,' his ile.^'ree of .^F D. in \s\'.), 
 he o))cncd an odiee in Trenton, and continued in the active prai-tice of his jirofession until the <lay 
 of his death — Se]itemher llth, IS.SS. .\t the time of his decease Dr. W'oolvcrlon was the oldest 
 inemlxT of the District Midieal Society, and the oldest practitioner of medicine in cnntiiuiuus .«it- 
 vice in Mercer comity. in Ihc coluunis of the "Mediial Society of .New .ler.sey Transactions fur 
 IS.SO," one of his hrother ]iraetitioners has been j.ieased to say of him: " He always mainlained 
 an honorahle position toward his professional brethren, was one of the most j,'ener()ns of etiiuiietitors, 
 and wa< enniienlly the friend of the youiif; practitioner." 
 
20S THK CITY OF TRENTON. 
 
 His ilratli was rciianlcd l>y his associates, imt only as a pulilic luss Imt as tlic loss of a jxTsonal 
 fricMiil as well. AltiidUfiii \w coiKhicttMl a vorv extensive practice lie rej^eatedly held positions of 
 trust and lionor. and founil time to discliarLTc liis odicial duties to tlie entire satisfaction of the 
 peoijlc. Ill I'^tiS, lie was clectcil to tiic State Senate, wjicrc he served (jne term, positivelv 
 refusins.' a second nomination. He was a meml>er of Counnon Council, and in ISSli was elected 
 Mavor of tlu' city. For several years he was Director i>f the Hoard of Chosen P^reeholders, and at 
 the time of his death was I'ri'sident df the I'.dard nf Health. Hi' was also I'ri'sident of the i'mai-d of 
 School Trustees. i)|-. WiMilverton was I'hysiciau and Surireon-in-Chicf of St. Francis Hos]iital from 
 the time it was started imtil his death. He was a niendier of the State Medical Society, and was 
 President nf the Scicictv in 1S()2. {''iii' many years he was one of the most |iriiniiiient as well as one 
 of tlie most zealous mendiers of the Ma^nnie fraternity in the State, attaiiiini;' the Thirty-third 
 Dcirree, and lillinii- the highest |Misitiiiiis in the gift of that or^'anization. l)r. W'oolverton was 
 married to JMimia ('(i]i|ier \'an Cli-ve, daughter (if one uf Trentnn's most ri'Si>ected citizens. Within 
 a few vears his wife died, leavinjr one son, Edwin \'. C. 
 
 The Mercer County Me(lical Society was formed in the yeai- ISIS, and has since had an active 
 (>xisti'nc<'. .\ local society of the homo'opathie physicians i- also iiKa-easiuLr in miMiihership, this 
 school of |ii'aeticc havini;- Keen introduced into Mercei- countv liv Di'. .loseph C. ISoai'dman in .\pi'il, 
 1.S4.'). 
 
 Trenton has lieeii most I'ortmi.-ite in havini;' seeui'ed .as resident pli\sieians, t;entlenieri who 
 1)V reason of supt'rioi- skill in their chosen profession have kept the general health of the pidilie up 
 to a hi<rli avera<re. We gi\e herewith lirief sketches of the leading physicians and surgeons of 
 Tnaiton — men who ha\'e Keen prominent |\- idenlilied with the lust intei'ests of the city. 
 
 W'll.l.iAM S. l.M.oi,', M.|)., was lioi'n .\pril Kith. |S|S, in Hamilton townsliip, Mercer county. 
 New .li'rsew on the l.alor homi'steail, which has Keen in iiossession of the faniilv since \~'>(). He 
 was educated at the l.awrenccvilh' Classical and Commercial High School, and was gra<luated from 
 Princeton College with the Class of '(it). He then entered upon the study of medicine with Hr. 
 .John WdoKcrton. In 1S7'J he grailnated from the I niversitx' of PennsvKania, receiving the di'gree 
 of M.|). He then opened all oliice in Trenton, and h.as continued in the active ])ractice of his jiro- 
 fcssion here evei- since. He has heen eminently successful as a jihysician and surgeon, and has 
 cstalilislK'd a vcrv large and lucrative practice. He is a man of nnliounded energy and a high 
 degree of pliysical t'lidurance. He is a meniher of the State .Medical Society and the Mercer County 
 Medical Society, having heen President of the latter hody during ISS-i. He served as City Physi- 
 cian for four years, was a imanher of the I'xiard of School Trustees for three years, and was Superin- 
 tendent of i'uhlic Instrnction during ISTli and 1S77. He also served as a memher of the I'mard of 
 Health for seven years. l''or four years, mider President Cleveland's administration. Ih-. l.alor was 
 l'"xaniining Pension ."Surgeon. He was County Physician for six years and faithfully attiaided to 
 liis duties. He is now Physician at the Deaf-Mute School, having acted in that capacity for tlu'ce 
 years. Hr. l,alo|- was marriccl in lS7o to ,\nnie Fl, daughter of Henry Cramho, of Philadelphia. 
 She died in 1S77. Iia\ing had two ehildicn, liothof whom are also deceased. ()n Oetoliei- .")th, 
 LS.SO, Dr. l.alor married ICmilicX'., daughter of Charles W. .Mixscll, of F^aston, Pennsyhania. He 
 has a very handsome hrownstone resiihaice ami oliice at P2!t North \\'arreu street. 
 
 Cii.\ni.i':s Pcrrrs Bhitton, M. D.. was liorn in Trenton, New Jersey, in isi.'i. In 1S7;;, h(^ 
 received the degree of M.D. upon the coni])letion of a full medical course in the Cniversity of 
 Pennsylvania. He practiced in Trenton until lS7(i, and during three years of his general prai-tice 
 here he was one of the l'hysi<aans of St. I'rancis Hospital. In 1S7(;, he was apiiointed i'hysiciau 
 to the New .Jersey State Asylum for the Insane, and he was connected with that institution for six 
 years. Tii 1SS2, he ]mrchased the ilrug husiness estahlished hy Dr. .lames ahout lifty years ago, 
 and ill ISUl lie moved into the handsoniely-ei|Uipped Masonic 'i'emple Pharmacy, corner of State and 
 North Warren streets. In 1.SS2, he was married to Katherini' (i.. daiiglit(r of Dr. .lohn Kirhy, 
 who has heen for many years one of the Resident Physicians at the .\sylnm. One son and three 
 daughters are the fruits of this marriage. Dr. Pritton is a memher of the New .lersey State Meilical 
 Society and the New .Jersey State Pharmaceutical Sociily. lie lia> tor years lieeii a memher of the 
 Trenton l!oard of Health. He resides handsomelv at .No. 12(i West State street. 
 
Wii.i I \M s. I.ir...i:, M.O. 
 
THE CITY OF TRENTON. 
 
 209 
 
 Wn.i.iAM II. (I. (liiii'irni, .M.l>., was hum in Wdmlstin-k, .\c\v lirunswick, I)oininii)ii of 
 Caiuula, Aiitfust oil, IS;;.'!. Ho stmlicd iiic(|ii'iiii' with Dr. 'rucitliakcr, uf l'hila(h-l]ihia, an<l (hiriiii; 
 the Civil war was Assistant Sui'grdu at Church llii>|iital, 'i'cniu'sscc. lie afterward Vdlunteercil witli 
 thr Tenth Re.u'inient, Tennessee \'iihniti'ers. .Vfti.a- thi- war was nvei- he entered Hahnemann 
 College, of Philadeljihia. fi'oin whence he was i;radnated in 1S72. lie |iraeliceil at 1 luhneville, 
 I'liin-ylvania. from 1^7'-' to is.sl, when he came to Trenton. lie was one of the oriirinators of tliu 
 City llos|iital, and has liceu on the .Medical and Snraical Stall' of this lios|)ital since its ojicninir. 
 In 1^7:2 Dr. Critlith was married to .Miss lleyl, danj:hter of Dr. lleyl, a |irominent iiliv>ician of 
 l'hiladel|ihia. Tliey liave two children, .\nna ami ( icorge. 
 
 saw -» 
 
 ^ ^ 
 
 IIlc.XKY ]\I. \\'k1':ks, .M.D., was horn in 1 i'\ini;ton, a suhnih of .Newark. New .lei-sey, Octoher 
 l:!(ith, lS.")tl. He attended the ])nhHc schools of .Newark until Hie .'ilic of thii'tccn. when he started 
 out to liu'lit till' hattles of life alone. He went to New V<irk City a nil cii Liaised in niia'cantile [lursuils, 
 continuing;- his education umlei- pi'ivate tutors, 
 and, at the auc of seventeen, hepni the stmh' 
 of medicine, still continuinL; to hold a clerical 
 position as a means of su])|iori. Histutois 
 were men who I'ncour.aiicd him in his ad\ancc- 
 meut. and through \\\- ul'eat enerL;\' and hard 
 studv. in 1S7'>, he was uraduated fioiii the 
 
 ;\Iedical Dejiartment of the rni\eisity of New 1^ 
 
 York, havint;' taken in addition to the regular 
 t'onrse a special course in smi;ery. After his 
 uraduation he enifatred in the ]ii'ai-tice of his 
 profession witli Dr. ^\'illianl .\. Smith, at th;it 
 time one of the most ]iromineiit pli\'sicians of 
 Newark. He was elected one of the ,\ ttelidil ii; 
 Physicians to the Old Ladies' Home, and 
 also an .Vtten.liiiL: l'h\sici:in at the Newark City 
 Dispensary, and while serviuii in this capacity 
 he ]ierfornieil many intricate surgical operations 
 on the patients who visited the dispensary, 
 attraetin.Li inucli ])nhlic attention. Durim: the 
 time he practiced in Newark he did a iircat 
 deal of >uri:ical work in connection with pi-oini- 
 nent jrynu'cologists of New ^'ork City, and hy 
 their teachinii' and aid he hecanic a ihoniu'jh 
 master of the tivna'colouical hi'anch of sni'i^ciw 
 so far as it was then developed, and he has 
 heen a ililifrent student of later disco\ei'ies and 
 experiments since that time. He fully expected 
 
 to devote himself entirely to sur<jery, es]ieeially ,t;vna'colo!_dcal suruery. hul in lS7o his health l)roke 
 down, so that he was ohlitrcd to remove to Southei-u California, in 1^77 he settled in Fallsinjrton, 
 Pennsylvania, where lie eoulil still lia\'c the heiieUt of country air. In ISSl he IkkI so far 
 recovered his liealth that he fell w.arranted in iroinir liack to city pi'actice, and so far as possilile to 
 tlie ])ractice of his sjieeiahy. lie I hen came to 'I'reiiton. whci'i' his ahility soon hecame reeoLniized, 
 placini.' him amonir the leadiiiL' suri:eons of the citv. i)r. \\'eel<s is the pioneer ;_'yna'coioi_dst of 
 Trenton. In Septendier, ISSIJ. he opened a ]irivale hospital on i'rospect street, for the treatment of 
 women's diseases, izv., and suhsei|Uentl v removed to more commodious ipiarlers on Ituthertord 
 avenue. \\ this hosjiital he performed the lii'st successfui ahdominal sur^iery in tliis |iart of the 
 State. Sevei'al years ajio lie took a vi-ry aeti\c |iart in the eslahli.-iiment of tin' 'i'renton City 
 Disjiensarv, which was opened in a huildintr upon tlie site now occupied liy the M.isonic Temple. 
 .\s a result of this dispensary idea, the .Mei'cer iiospilal was erected. i >r. Weeks is one of the 
 surtrcons of this hos|iital. i le is a mcmlier of tiie I'hiladelplda ( )l)sletrical Society and liie I'hila- 
 delpliia Neurological Societv, and is an e.\-Pi-esident <if tlie .Mercer County District Medical Society. 
 
 H l^^■K^ M. \Vki:ks 
 
210 
 
 tiif; city of trenton. 
 
 Ho is ("haii'iiian lit' tlic IJiianl of Mnlical ]*]xaiiiiiirrs (jf tlic I'niilciitial Lifr Insurance ('(iin]ianv for 
 tlic Trenton District, anil is Medical Iv\aniiner for several other life insurance conii)aiiies. In May, 
 \^~'A. Dr. ^\'eeks was niarrieil to Mary M., (laui^ditcr of David D. Fairdiild, a wealtliy citizen of 
 Newark. Seven cliildren have lieen lioi'u to them, six of whoni ari' livinff, one haviufj; died in 
 infaiicv. David F. , the eldest, is ]iursuinj,' the study of medicine in the Fniversity of Pennsylvania. 
 The other ehililrcn, two hoys and three L'irls, are attcudinL;' school in this city. The family reside 
 at 4S4 \\'est State street, and attend tlie Ti'lnity F|iisco|ial Church. J)r. Weeks has always posst'SSied 
 an indeiiendent s|iiiit. and from I'urly manhood relied solely upon his own exertions for existence 
 and advancement. He has foUirht L'allantly with the vicissitudes of life, and the hiirh standinj; which 
 he now enjoys in the medical |ii'ofession is the result of his own relentless toil and indefatif;ahle 
 ctTorts. He occupies a suite of olliccs at lo West State strt^et. 
 
 KicUAKU I!iNV \.\ I!oi.i:i;s, Sh., .M. D., was horn in Wc-t Windsm- township. .Mi ■reel- county. N. .1.. 
 Septemher l")th, IS-J.'!, and is a son of lO/.ckii'l and .Mary liunyan iioi^crs. I Ic was reared on his father's 
 farm and rccei\-i'd much of his education in the district school din'int;- the winter months. For 
 
 scvei'al years he did clerical work in a country 
 store, durin;;- which period lie was also School 
 Sn])crintcndcnt and .lusticeof the Peace. Tn 
 IS.^j!, he was elected Surrouate of Mcrcci' count v 
 for live vears. and the followini;' term was re- 
 elected to the same olliec. DuriuL;' the latter 
 tei'm lie pm'sticd the study of medicine, and 
 was aradualcd fi-om the I'niversity of Pennsyl- 
 \-ania in the >prim: of lS(;-_'. He was then 
 ap|Hiintcd \w Pi'csideul I.iuculn the l*]\.aminiiiij: 
 Surji'con for the Second Conjiression.-d District 
 of New .lersey. lillinL; the duties of that posi- 
 tion until the close of the w.ar. Immediately 
 .iftcr I'lceiviuL;' his decree he cntei'ed ujion the 
 piacticc of his |irofessioii in Ti'intun. where he 
 has since continued. He sci'vcd one term in 
 the State I.ciiisjal lire, and has heen a nienihi>r 
 of the ('onnnon Comuil. He is a mendier 
 of the .Mercei- Comity Di>trict Medical Society, 
 .iiiil on \ai'ioUs occasions has lieeii a delcLiate 
 to the State .Medical Society. Forahout twenty 
 years hv has heen .Vctinu and Consultini:- Phy- 
 sician and Surgeon at St. I'rancis Hospital. 
 In the year ISJl he was mai'ried to Mary 
 .\. 1 1 utehinsoii, of Mercer cotinty. New Jersey. 
 Four childi-cn have heen horn to them, three 
 daughters and a son, one daiiLchter heing 
 dcceaseil. Since is.");!, he has heen a niemher 
 of the Third Preshyterian Church, and ten years jirior to that time, he held niemhcrship 
 with the Hamilton Sipiare Preshyterian Church. He resides at No. lltJ J'^ast Hanover street, where 
 he also retains his ollice. 
 
 UlCIIAIUl It. HlllM-.KS, Sl!. 
 
 Wii.i.iAM I'li.MKi!. .M.D.. was horn in Jhidiivton, New .lersey, JJecemher 11th, I^IO. He was 
 graduated from the West Jersey Academy and later from the College of New Jersey, at Princeton, 
 with the Class of'(>l. He then matriculated at the I'niversity of Pemisylvania, whence he was 
 graduated in ].S(i4, immediately after n-ceiving his degree he locatcil in his native town and com- 
 menced the pi-actice of his profession. He remained there until isri'.i. when hi' came to Trenton 
 and has heen practicing here continuously e\cr since. He is one of the most gentlemanly of men — 
 one whom it is a pleastnv to meet, socially or professionally. He is a nu'mher of the I-'irst Preshy- 
 terian Church and hokls the position of Elder. For a nmuber of years he was Suiierinteiulent of 
 
THE CITY OF TRENTON. 
 
 •211 
 
 till- Salibath-sfliodl in ciiiincitioii \\illi that i-liunli. Ilf attcndcil llir first incrtini: nf the State 
 I'xiard Ilf Ilraltli ami was mic n[ its (ii-i;aui/ii-s. He was at <iiic time I'lTsiiiiiit, and is now Ti-casnrcr 
 (if tile Mci'ccr C'linnty .Mriliral Suricty. j-'nr t wmty-unc yiai-s hr was ( '(iri'is|inniliiiL: Sicn'tarv i>f 
 tlic Niw Jersey State Meilieal Smiely, ami is at the ]iresent time i'resiilent uf that siieietv. 
 He is alsii a menilier nf the Anieiiean Meilieal Assneiatiun ami the Aniei'iean Aeaileniv nf Meilieine. 
 He was niarrieil in ISC'.l tn Alice Cray, uf ( 'ulnniliia. I'l ini-yl\aiiia. \\hii ilied in l.s.ss^ leaving' fnur 
 chililren — AVilliam, Walter Oray. Artlini- liead ami Aliee (Irav. William ami Waltei- Orav are 
 graduates of Princeton College; the former is now eiinsnltini;' eleetl-ieal emiineer to the 
 Trenton Iron Company in the new system of electric towai;e on the ]']rie canal, while the 
 latter hiis chosen his father's profession and is pnrsuiiiL: a medical coui'se at the I'nivia-sitv 
 of Pennsylvania. Arthur Read is a Sophomoi-e in Piimcloii ('ollet;e. |)i-. l\lmei' has a liaml- 
 sonie residence at No. 4(i West State sti'eet. with conmiimicatim;' olliees and waitim;-rooms 
 adjoining at No. 44 West State street. The l^lmer family is known in Smiih .lersev as a fainih' of 
 ])hysicians. Four iienerations ago .loiiathau I'lmir practiced medicine in I'.iidgeton. then his son 
 William, and afterward his graml-mi William, and now his gi-cat-grandsou William, the sniijeet of 
 this sketch, succeeded each other as practicing physicians. 
 
 ^\'^,I.1A^[ A. Ci^.MiK, .Ii;., M. |l., was horn in Trenton mi the 1 wcn(\-sixth of .\pril. 1>>.")7. |)i-. 
 Clark's father is \\'illiain Alexander Clark, for forty years Iteceiving Tcllei- of the Ti-eiiton I!aid<. 
 His motlier is Lueretia Heeder. of Philadelphia, hoth hcing of Kevolutionai'v stock. Dr. (.lark, after a 
 pndiniinary education at the Trenton Academy, 
 entered the office of Dr. .lohn ^\'ool\•erton. 
 After remaining one year, he laitered the ^ledi- 
 cal Department of tlie Cniversity of Pennsyl- 
 vania, and graduated Mai-ch l-'itli, IST'.l. He 
 then hegan practice in Trenton, where he has 
 since remained. Dr. ( 'lark was appointed City 
 Physician in Ajiril, 1879, which olliec he held 
 two years. Upon the sixth of Octohcr, l^'^?, 
 he married Carrie A., daughter of the Urw 
 .lohn S. lleegle. of the :Methodist Episcopal 
 Cliuich. at one time stationed in 'I'reuton. 
 "I'he l!e\'. .Mr. Beegle, married Leiitia Toltcii, 
 of that Staten Island f.imily of l!e\-olntiiinary 
 ]iatriots which gave their name to Tottenville. 
 Dr. Clai-k is a Hepuldican. hut does not take 
 an active interest in politics. He is \'isiting 
 Physician to ..Mercer Hospital, and is a niemher 
 of the .MerecrCounty Medical Society. William 
 Clark, great-grandfather of Dr. Clai-k. was the 
 last survivor of the Sugar-house prisoners, so 
 well i-eniemhered in the Revolutionary histoi'y 
 of Xew Yolk City. 
 
 I loi.'Ai i: ( ;. Wi:i iii;i;ii.L. M.D.. was Imi-n at 
 J-ainhertville, NewJia'sey, Deeemher Hith. 1^'iCi. 
 After reading medicine under his father. Dr. 
 William Wetherill. he entered the Ciiis-crsity of 
 
 Pennsylvania, and was graduated thei'cfrom in the spring of 1S7S. licturning to I.anilierlville. lie 
 associated himself with his f.ather initil 1N>^'_'. In that year, he iiecame a niemher of tlic st.alT at 
 the New Jersey State Lunatic Asylum, where he remained until INNI, at which time he located in 
 Trenton, where he has licen ever since, with the exception of one year spiait on the I'acilie coast 
 for the henefit of liis health. Dr. Wetherill is a niendier of the .Mercer County District .Medical 
 Society, and was President of that Imdy for one year. On a numher of occasions he has sci-ved as 
 delegate to the State Society, hefore which he has read several Interesting papers. He is also a 
 
 Wn, 1,1AM .\. Cl. VHK, .1 K. 
 
212 
 
 THE CITY OF TilEXTON. 
 
 meinhor of tlic ^[crccr ("i unity Xulunil History Society and the State Sanitary Association. He is 
 one of the stafT of St. Francis ll(is|)ital, ami is in cliarfre of tlie (le])artin(>nt for diseases of women. 
 He lias e<inti-ili\ileil a niniiher of carefully-iireiiareil artirles on snr<fical matters to medical maua/.ines 
 tlirougliont the I'nited States. Tiiese articles have demonstrated liim to lie a student, and one 
 tliorou^ddy familiar with his siihjeet. On Oetoher 20th. 1<SS."), Dr. Wetherill married Nellie ,\. Orr, 
 of Trenton. He resides at No. 21S I^ast .'^late street, where he also retains his olliee. 
 
 JosKi'n I'. TriiNKi;. .M.l>.. was horn in ilevcily, Ma-^saehusctts, .luly (1th. ISi':!. He attended 
 courses at the I'liixersitv of rcimsvlvania and thi' -lelTersnn Meiljcal ('ollei;c. from which he hoMs 
 his di]iIoma, and .also was a student at the l.oii;; Island CoHclic and ilos|iital of .New ^'ork. In 
 
 ihe-c wclldciiiiw 11 iu^tilutioiis he received a thorouuli 
 cilucation ill medicine, and afterward hei aiiic one of the 
 most suect'ssful ami must |ii-(iiiiimnt thi-oat and Iuiil;- 
 ^^^fl^ specialists in this part of thi' cuiiiitry. IJy repeated 
 
 ^fli^^^^ cxpiTiiiiciil-. Dr. Tuiiicr found a mithod of chemically 
 
 M trcatiiiu tar so that it would thoriiUL:lily mix with water. 
 
 w[ '^ -^ This reniedv is one of lln- lic-;| known for couiilis and 
 
 HJ^ ^ §^ eulds and all loiiii< of iliinat or lim- troiilile. He has 
 
 J ,1 also a very enviahli' reputation as a specialist in tlie 
 
 ticatment of cancers. Now, partially retired frnm active 
 practice, he still tr<'ats those who care to consult 
 him at his home olliee. No. 1 1 ."lO 1 ..amherton stre<'t. 
 For \-eais l>r. Turner livi'd on the .hi~cph l>ona]iarte 
 propertw on the hanks of the Delaware, known as 
 I'iiie drove. This has lately heeii sold to the itiver- 
 \ iew ('ciiii'tcry ,\ssocialion. Hi' was City i'liysiciaii of 
 Trenton for fmu- years, and a mcmlier of ('<imm<iii 
 (oiuicil for six vears, diiriuLr which lime he was 
 ( 'li.iinnan of the I'olici' and Fire ( 'unimittces. DiiriuL' 
 the ('i\il war Dr. Tiiiiier M'r\id as SurL;eiiii in the 
 First N<\v .hrsey Caxalry, and for a part of the time 
 of his service lie was Sin'ii-eon-in-Chii-f at llie city of WashiiiLiton. I'poii Dcccmhei- ,",il, ]sl."), 
 Dr. Turner married .Mathilda M. I'arott. 
 
 Ju.-^j-i-u 1". Tl UNi:ii. 
 
 W'iM.lAM (i. M(('ii,l.of(;ii, .M.D.. was horn at Minersville. Si'linylkill county, rcnnsylvania. 
 Septemher -HOth, l.S.")l. He recei\cd his preliminary I'llucation at the I'lanisylvania Militai-y 
 .Veaijemy, West Chester. reiinsyUania. IhniiiL;' ih'ciilecl npun niedi<ine as the profession hi' ilesired 
 t I folliiw, he eiitcrcil Hahnemann .Medical College, whence he was i^raduatcil in 1X7^. Di'. 
 .Met 'ullouixh is ,-1 typical self-m.aile man. of lininhlc orit;in. His father. i\ev. .1. I'. McCullou.i,di, 
 I). !)., was a mianher of the IMiiladelphia .Methodi-t |-;|iiscopal ( 'oiifcrcnce, hut. as is usual with 
 cl(M'frymen's families, they were, in the early days of Methodism, hlosed with littli' of this world's 
 goods, and the chihh'en. altliou;.rh i:iven a i;oiid eiliication. were dhlii^ccl to depend l.ari:ely upon their 
 own resources to make their way in the world. In this case Dr. Mc('ulloUL:h followed the ii>u.al 
 eonrse. and started out with no capital save his eilucational store of knowledu'c ami plenty of push 
 and enterprise. After ahoiit three years' practice in a coinitrv villa;:e he i-amc to Trenton, locating 
 here in tlie fall of l.SSl. He speedily won the contidem-c of the pi'ople. and in conse(pience a lari;-e 
 and vahiahle practici' is now at his command. He is a memher of the Faiailty and Lecturer at the 
 City Hospital Traininjr School, meiidier of the .New Jersey State Medical and West Jersey .Medical 
 Societies, Trenton Hoimeopathie Society, and is one of the stalT of the Trenton City Hospital. He 
 is also |)roiiuneiitly idcntilicd with numerous heiievoliiit and secret orjranizations here and else- 
 where. On January 2d, FSTl. he was married to Frances Day. dantrhter of .lohn Hodirson. late 
 editor of tlie " Jeff'ersonian." West Chester, I'emisvlvania. Seven children were horn to them, hut 
 only two survive — Dr. John H.. who is practieiuLT medicine in Trenton, and l''lorciice. Dr. 
 JIeCulloui;li resides handsomelv at 21-'! i'ca-rv street, where he also retains his olliee. 
 
Wji.liam W. Wii_Kui-i, M.I>. 
 
TTIE CITY OF TRENTON. 
 
 213 
 
 William ^\■. W '^t kihi', M.D.. was Ihhh in Miti-it (■dunfy in 1S;!7. Aftrr a conimon-sclioul 
 (■(luciitiiiii lie i;i-:iilniitcMl ill IMi:; fnjin the IM-Intic Medical (■()lli"^c (if l'liila(l(l|iliia, ami from the 
 l'hilailrl])liia rnivri--ity in lS(i7. Fur twn years lie |iraetieeil in I'liiieeiiiii. and in iSli'.l eanie to 
 Trenton. lie was iiiari'ieil Felnaiary l'lM. iM'iS. to iMiplieniia .M, 1'. Si k, of New irope, Penn- 
 sylvania, who died .laniiary KMli. 1S>;1, On April I'Jtli, ISSo. h,. was nianaeil to .Marv K. \'an 
 Lieu, 7(tV Baldwin, of I'lauiinulon. New .lersey. Dr. WyekolY is a lilieinl. inde|ieiident. iiro'jressive 
 phy.sician, and is not wedded to any school or system, 'riic W'yckotT famih- c-anii' to l.oiiu' Islancl 
 and thence to Hojiewell. James W'yckolf and l)ennis HaLicniaii, jzreat-iiranclfalhers of |)r. WvekoiT, 
 were ]iresent at tlie l)attle of Princeton. A niatcnial ancestor, .l.-ie(pli Williamson, was also one of 
 the [latriots of Valley Forge, who.se son was in the War of IS]:.;. 
 
 William Rick, ^NLD., was born in Soleluiry townslii]i. Pucks comity, Pcnnsvlvania, in 1S.",7. 
 lie rccei\-ed his riidinicntarv edui'ation at the IIuLilisi'an School, in P>uckintrhaiii townslii|i. I,a(cr, 
 lie attendi'd tin' l""riends' liieli School, Philadclpliia, tinisliiiiL: a classical course at the ai;e 
 of cijihteen. He next took a thoidiiiih iii<'<lical coiii'se at the I'nivcrsitx- of Pcnnsvlvania 
 iiraduatiiiL; with high honors in the spring of psCiO. He negotiatc(l with J)r. Rosen- 
 hurgi-r, of Freiiclitown, New .lersey, for the 
 l)urcliasc of his residence and practice. ])r. 
 Rice removed to Fren<htowii, .lannarv 1st, 
 ISCl', and remained there in active practice 
 exactly nine years. In iKilitical lift', he was one 
 of the incorporators of the liorough of French- 
 town, and sei'ved two consecnti\e terms as 
 flavor. On.hmuary 1st, 1.S71, he removed to 
 this city, and ac(piir(>d the good will ami resi- 
 dt'llce of 1 )r. Wool vert on. He has heeii niuisu- 
 ally successful in Trenton, and has coiitrihutcil 
 largely to local iharities. He was a niemher 
 of the ISoanl of School Trustees during three 
 terms, and was a]i])ointed City I'liysician for 
 two terms. In l.S7il, he was elected Mayoi-, 
 on the Democratic ticket. The satisfactory 
 manner in which he conducteil the piihlic 
 affairs was the cause of his hcing re-i'lectcd. 
 After the e.\|iii'ation of his last term, he 
 withdrew entirely from politics, to meet a 
 constant demand for his professional services. 
 He retains his olliee at his h.andsomi'h- 
 ap|iointe(l residence, Nos. .iCio .and o(i7 South 
 Warren street. 
 
 A.NTIIO.NY li. WoHTIII.XdTO.V, M.I)., was 
 horn in Ikickingham, Bucks county, Pennsyl- 
 vania, Fchruary .'id, 1S.']7. His ancestors 
 
 were among the first settlers of the county. lie olitained his education at the Iliigliscan .\ca(leniv 
 and .Millersville Pennsylvania Normal School. While engaged in teaching school in Delaware 
 county, Pennsylvania, he commenced the -tiidy of medicine under the |ireeeptorsliip of Dr. David 
 James, r)f Philadelphia, and graduated from the Ilalmemami .Medii"il College, Philadelphia, .Mareli, 
 ISGO. He located at Itichlioi-o. in his native county, ,\]ii'il, ISOO, where hi' iiracticcd till 
 January, 18G7, when he removed to Trenton, where he has since heeii in the coiiiinuoiis practice of 
 his ])rofe.ssion. He was married in Sepfemher, ]S()2, to Joscjihine, d.-uighter of Henry K. Ramsey, 
 of liic]il)orough, Pennsylvania, and has one son, Henry K. Wortliington, .M.D., who graduated 
 from the Halincmann Medical College in ISStJ, and who is associated with liim in practice at No. 
 110 West State street. In |Si)(), Dr. Wortliington was a])pointeil a meniher of the Stale Board of 
 Medical I'Zxaminers of New .lersey. and was elected Treasurer of the Board, and serves a.s Die 
 examiner on Hygiene and .Mcilical Jurisprudcnct', llonioopathic Materia .Mediea and Therapeutics. 
 
 
 
 S9 ^ J 
 
 
 >JM^|^^^^^^^^^^H ^^^^H^^F ' 
 
 
 WII.IIVM Hi. 
 
214 
 
 THE CITY OF TRENTON. 
 
 FiiANK \'. C.wi'WKi.i.. M.l>., \vas l)i)rn in Trcntdii, Xcw .In-.-cy. |-"rliniary 27tli. lS(i-J. His 
 Celtic aiK-cstors caiiir liitiicr iiiaiiy ilccadep: Ufro, his fatlicr liaviiij;- tlif licuKir of liciiif: the lirst Catlidlic 
 
 school teacher in Trenton. After receivinir his ru<li- 
 nien4ary ecln<-ation at St. .hihn's Seiiooj. of tliis <-ity. he 
 entereil St. \'ini-ent Collejre. l'"roni there he went to St. 
 Charles College, llowani ((jnnty. Maryland, wliere his 
 classical education was linislieij. lie then entered tiic 
 I'nivi'i'sitv of I'cinisylvania and was t;raduateil in nieiU- 
 cine from that institution in l^^l. jieint: a|i|iointci| 
 iicsidcnt i'hysician of St. .\hi|-y's ii..s|iital. I'hiladci- 
 )ihia. he scrxcd in tiiat i-aijaeily one yeai', when lie 
 came to 'i'l'enloii and has remained hcri' sim-c. lie is a 
 |iaticnt stuchait. a careful, exhaustivi' ri'adcr. and in 
 addition to the~e iiualilications he possesses jx-culiar 
 natural talent-, a i|uiek insiLdit, aci-ui'atc ju<lL;nient and 
 trained skill. lie is a niemlicr of the l'>oai-(l uf Ilealtli. 
 and was a]ii>ointi'd I'eusiou I'".\aminin,!i Siu'ueon ilurin<i 
 I'lesidcnt ('le\-clanirs first administration. He also 
 scr\i'd three years in the City Council, lieiniiclcctcil in 
 ISUl from the l-'ifth waid. and- was for a numher of 
 vcars Cons\dtinL: I'hysician to th<' New Jersey State 
 I'rison. He is at present County I'hysician of .Mercer, 
 lie is a mianher of the Mercer County .Medical Society, 
 of which he has liccn I'l-csiilcnt. ami has hccn one of 
 the Suruc(.ns at St. Francis Ilospilal for the past ci,L:ht years. 1 Ic is Suip'on to the I'emisylvania 
 Railroad Company al Tivnt.Mi. In ISSd he was mariicd to .Mice r.urus, of l'hiladcl|.hia. His 
 (itlice is located at -|-.i'.l I'ci'rv stivct. 
 
 i'K.V.NK \". C.V.\ 1 W 1.1. 1.. 
 
 J.mivs 11. Coofi;n, M.D., was horn at Itichhoro. liucks county, Pennsylvania, Noveinhcr 4th, 
 l.S();i He received a careful eilucation at th<- Friends' School, near .Icnkintown, after which he 
 conipletpd his education at Fasthurn's I'hiladelphia 
 Seloet School. He then took a coni-sc at I'circe's I'.usi- 
 ness Collcfie of that city, and in issi! entered tli.' 
 .lefTerson Medical Colle.ue. from which he was t;railuatcd 
 in IS^o, and in ISSli i^raduatcd from Hahneniann 
 Medical Colle<,'e. After eompletini;- his medical studies 
 he located in Trenton, where he has since heen actively 
 <'n,L'a.i,'ed in his profession. < >ii .Imic -Itli. l>^>^i, l>r. 
 Cooper married \'iruinia I!. \'an Horn, of Yardlcy. 
 I'ennsylvania. He resides at "J-iS East State street. 
 where he also retains his ollice. Hi'. Cooper is a 
 modest, unassumini; man, and impresses one as hcim; 
 more of a student than a man of the world. 
 
 Josicni .M.vKiN Wi:i.i..s, ]M.I)., was horn in I'hila- 
 (ielldiia, rennsylvania, April 21st, 1^57. lie is a tirad- 
 iiatc of .lefTerson .Medical CoUefre, and lias practiced 
 medicine since 1S7S. In Fehruary, IS.Si;, hi' was 
 ap])ointed Medical E.xamincr for tlie Relief l)e]iartnieiit 
 
 of the I'einisylvania Railroad Company, his duty hciui;- jamk.- k. i..«.ikh. 
 
 to examine all the applicants for memhership in that 
 
 (lei)artment and also all mendx'rs rejjorted sick. He treats only emei-<:iui'y eases. The ilistrict com- 
 prises over two hundred miles of road and it keeps him husy. In 1 ns7 he married Evelyn (iove, 
 of Trenton, and has one child, .leanctto M. Dr. Wells lias a heautiful and ])ieturcs(|Ue liome on 
 Edgewood iivenue. His olliee is at the Relief Department huilding, on South Clinton avenue. 
 
ElUI-.NE B. WlTTK, M.D., OKT.A.fll. 
 
THE CTTY OF TRENTON. 
 
 215 
 
 EroEXE B. WiTTE, MA).. Oet.A.Cii., was Ix.ni a1 I'.clvi.lciv, Warrni county. New Jersey. 
 He ciiines of intelleetual ( ieriiian stock. The national arclii\i's in iici'lin contain llic liistorv of tlie 
 family, ilating six luindrcd years. His .i;i-aii(lfatlni-. William I.. W'illc, was the lirst re]jresentative in 
 tliis country. In his early life Dr. Witte was at one time foreman of a laiye ]irintin,L' odice. He was 
 i;racluateil from the New ^'oik lionKeop.itliii- .Meiliial ( 'olle^ic and ilo>|iital,recci\intr his (IcLrri'c in j.SSd. 
 In May of tliat year hi' came to 'j'rcnton, and while acti\-ely eniiau'ed in the practice of his ])roft'ssion 
 here he pursiied a s]ii'cial cour>c of study on the diseases of the eye and ear at the New York 
 ( )|ihthalniit' ('ollcii'e and IIos]iital. Thence he received, in jSSS, tiie de<;'ree of Oet.A.Ch. He 
 makes a siiecialty of tlu' treatment of iliseases of the eye ami ear. hut not to the e.\clusion of general 
 ])raetice. He is thoroughly ilcxotcd to his |irofession, and linds his chief cnjoynu'iit in the most 
 dillicnlt >urL;i<-al operations. Since locating in Trenton hi' has devoted a large portion of his time 
 to special jiraetice in gyiuecology and ahdominal suigi'ry. He has performed many of the most 
 delicate ojierations kimwn in the realm of surgery. l»r. W'ilte's standing is sitch that lie was elected 
 
 to the Chair <if (lyiuecology in the ('le\ilnnd Homoeopathic Medical Collegi', hut he declined. 
 As one of the incoi-porators (jf tie' Citv Hospital he has. sinci' its dedication in IS.SK, hcen the 
 Superintendent and Surgeon-in-( 'hicf. In eonneition with the ho;-pit:d, Hr. Witte estahlished a 
 Training School for Nurses, and was the author of tin' degree .Meilical and Surgii-al Nurse. He h.as 
 for years hei'ii active in evei-y movemi'ut calculated to thoi-oughly train the professional nurse. 
 Rocelitl V he has si'curcil tin' pM-~age of a hill, of which he is the author, through the .\e\\ -lersey 
 Legislature which gives the right to training schools for nurses to confer upon graduates the ahove 
 degree, leading the world in this matter. I>r. Witte is a inemhir of the Knights of the (iolden 
 I'^a.ule and of the New .lersey Stati' Ilomieopathic .Mcdiial Society. He resiilcs at No. -lli") East 
 State street, where he miived in IS'.H). 
 
 .losEPH H. S.JiTTEKTHW.MTi;, M.l)., was horn at ()-\ford N'allcy, rennsyhania, in INoS. He 
 attended first the puhlic school of his native county, hut his education was fm-ther ail\anei-d hy an 
 attendance at Westtown I'xiai'ding School and 
 Philadelphia Select School. He pursued a 
 course ill honioM)]iath.v at the liahneniann 
 Medical College, in I'hilailelphia. anil \\as 
 graduated in 18So. Innnedi.itel v upon lea\in'j 
 college, he commenced the practiei of his pro- 
 fession in till' city of Trenton. |)r. Satter- 
 thwaite hriugs to hi- pr.aetice a w e||-t laiiied 
 I)usiness mind and a |icrfect sclf-ri'lianci'. He 
 secured funds necessary for his education hy 
 jiurcliasing small tracts of tiinhir in Ihicks 
 county, which were <lcared and sold. In IS.SJ, 
 lie marrieil Elizaheth I!. Simpson, of Falls- 
 ington, Pennsylvania. His ollicc is at l.">'.) 
 South Stockton street. 
 
 Cii.Mii.Ks .[. CiiAYTiioi!.\, .M.l).. was horn 
 in Beverly, New .lersey, Deccmhcr olsf, 1S.")7. 
 He jmssed his examination hefoi-e the IJoaril of 
 Pliarmacy in 1S78, and then took the course of 
 the Philadelphia College of Pharmacy, gi'ailual- 
 ing in LSS."). He then saw a widei- lield of use- 
 fulness in the lield of medicine, .and taking the 
 reguhir medical course in the I'liixii-ity of Penn- 
 sylvania, he was graduated tlierefrom in 1S'.)1. 
 lie hjcated in this city, at No. 2112 Spring street. 
 Dr. Craythorn has in him a deep love for his 
 profession. He is widely read in science as related to tin- human hody. l)r. Craythorn was married 
 June 7th, 1882, to Miss Ma \'. .Vdams, of Edgewater Park. Thev have one daughter, Ma V. 
 
 .Insi i-ir H. s \T I i-i! I u\\ .\i 1 1:. 
 
216 
 
 THK riTY OF TRENTON. 
 
 MditAcK r;. Ndrto.v. M.D., was txini in IIi<:litsti)\vn, New .Ici-.-cy, March Itli. 1S58. Several 
 of lii.s ancestors served as ofiicers in tlic American lievolution and were loyal siiji])orters of the 
 Continental army. lie was educated at the Pennsylvania Institute, and later took a medical 
 and scientiilc course at the University of Pennsylvania, whence he was <rraduatc(l with hii:h 
 _ honors in l^SO. Immediately after rc- 
 
 ceivinji- his decree, he ])ractieed in 
 indaystown. New Jersey, there remain- 
 iiit;- until INS'.I. wlu'U he came to Trenton. 
 While in Imiaystown he became promi- 
 nent in iJiihtics, heinjr a uiemher of the 
 l!e]iuhlican ("ounty lv\ecutive Committee. 
 I ie was named for the ollices of Surrogate. 
 Shei-ilf anil Senator, hut in each instance 
 del lined to run for ollice. Since living in 
 'ri'entiiu he has taken a livi'ly interest in 
 lucal alTairs. and is at present President 
 nf the Mciard of Tradi'. He is Visiting 
 Physician tu St. Francis Hospital, is a 
 nienihel' of the XeW .lersev .Medical. 
 
 .Merier County Medical and Momnouth 
 (iiiuitv .Meilieal Scieieties. and was form- 
 erly Presiilcut of the latter two. He is 
 an honorary ineinher of the .New .lersev 
 Microscopical Soc'icty. a mcnjlici' of the 
 Siinscif the lievolution. Trenton .Natural 
 llistm-y Society. Trenton Lodge, X(i, ."i, 
 F, and \. .M., and is assneiate editor uf 
 "The Mcdicus," of Philadelphia. IF 
 has Keen intere.-ted in organizing the fol- 
 lowing national hanks: 'i"he I'^irmcrs 
 National I'lank, at .Mleiitown. of which 
 he was \'iee President until FS'.)o ; the 
 people's .National Hank of .New Bruns- 
 wick, and the National P>ank of llopewill. lie is \'ice President of the New P)rniiswick haidc. and 
 also Chairman of the IJuilding Conmiiltee, which i~ erecting the finest hank huilding in that city. 
 Tie is also a Diri'ctor of the State Loan and Building Association. In ISS] he married Emma 
 l)uncan. of Hightstown, New .lersey. They reside in their handsome resideni-e. at 12'.l East State 
 street, where thi' doctor also retains his ipllice. 
 
 JliiliACl-: O. N'lUTdN. 
 
 CoK.Ma.u's Siii;i'iii:ni). M.I)., was horn .la una i-\- lidtli. ISi'T. of (juakia- parentage, in lUicking- 
 ham townshi)), Bucks county. Peinisylvania. where he spuit his early life on a fai-m. liecciving 
 
 a puhlic school education, he attended the Doylotowii AeailiMriy and |ii'i\ate scl 1 at New 
 
 Britain. He taught for two years. He then entered the ollice of Dr. C. \l. McCoy, of Doylcstown. 
 as a student of medicine. He took a course at the Finversity of Pennsylvania, and was graduated 
 in the Class of "(il. He came to Trenton the twenty-second of -Inly, IStil, to engage in the 
 })raetice of his chosen ]irofession. and on May ].")th. 1S(;-J. married .lemiie Long, of Warren county. New 
 Jersey. For fourteen years, Dr. Shcphercl was activi'lv connected w ith Trenton's puhlic schools. l'"or 
 tln-ee years he was Trustee and was also President of the J5oard. He afterward served as Superin- 
 tendi'nt. For eight years he was a memher of the State Board of Ivlucation ; was for one year 
 President of the Board of Trade ; is a memher of the Trenton Board of Health, and on -luly 24th. 
 FS",I4, lu' was appointed a memher of the Statt' lioard of Health. He is President <if the staff of 
 Surgeons at St. I'"rancis Hospital; a men[her of the New Jersey Historical Society, and is also a 
 mi'mlier of the State Charities Aid Society. I'or several years he was Physician to the New Jersey 
 State Prison, and during President Cleveland's first administration acted as Pension K.xamining 
 Surgeon. In ISSil, lie was nonunated for State Senator, fiom .Mercer county, hut owing to his 
 extensive medical practice was ohliged to decline the honor. 
 
C'OltN I■,[-I^^i SH l-.i-HKlMi, M.U. 
 
THE CITY (W TIIIONTON. 
 
 217 
 
 .IdsKl'll 1!. SiiAW, M.l'.. was liciiii in 'Pii'iilun, New -Icrsrw .laiiuarv l")tli. IMII. llrisason 
 (if 1 )a\iil Shaw, ilcccasril. fMiim rl y a | iii iiiiiiiciit riti/.cn of llir |''ii-st wai'il. Dr. Sliaw rcrcivnl liis 
 |ii'(liiiiiii.ii'v I'lliicatiiiii at llic 'I'lnilnn .Vrailciiiy. 
 ami lati-i' itikI iiiriliriiic witli I M'. W'aldlmri; 
 ( 'iilriiiaii. Ill llir latter part nf ISS], \\r cn- 
 tfiTiI the I'liivii^it V iif I'ciiiisylvaiiia. Lirailii- 
 atiiiii ill till' Class iif 'S."). llr at (Uicr nluriiril 
 til Trciitun ami cuiiiiiiciiccil tlic |ira(ticc nf his 
 liroffssiduat ll!l Snuth Warivii striit. .MthoiiLih 
 hv i.s tluirouirhly ilcvutril in his innfosicin ,iml 
 cujnvs ail c.Ntciisivr |iatniiia,L;c', it ha,- not \ivr- 
 xciiti'il Iniu froiii hciiiL;a<'ti\'i' ill iiiiiiiici|ial alT.-iii's. 
 Ill' was cli-ctcil l-'rccholdiT friiiii tin- Si'i-uml wan I 
 ill IS'.n. l)uriiii; his llrst yr.ar in the llnanl of 
 l''rii-liiililcrs. Ill' scrvnl mi the ini|i(iit.-iiil cinn- 
 iiiitti'i'S nf l-'in.'im-r. .\s\'liiiii ami Wiii-khniisi'. 
 I'lHiii it< ni'Lianizatii'ii in May. 1S'.I'_', lir was iiiailr 
 
 Pinrtnr.if thr linanl. In ]><'■>'■'<. \\r was llnllor.'il 
 
 w itli till' miniiiiatiiiii fur .Mayor of 'rri-nton. ami 
 after an cKcitiiii; con test was eleeteil to I hat po-i- 
 tjon. For several \i'ars he seixcil in the .\ew 
 .lersev National (liianl. ainl in 1 '^^7. was ap- 
 Jioiuteil .\s-istallt SuiLieoll of the Se\-entll l!e;ii- 
 
 iiii'iit with the rank of Lieutenant. 1 ii JMll'. he 
 was hoiioreil with thi' r.aiik of ( 'aptaiii. w liieli he 
 held until he resitiiied from the rcLiinieiit in 1 S'-l 1. 
 J le !.•< also a uienilier of the Siiruvons' Stall' of (he 
 Mercer Hospital. Dr. Shaw reside<at 1 IMSoiilh 
 Warren street, where he also i-etain- his ollice. ji.ski'ii u. .sinw. 
 
 Nki.so.n 1'.. ( )i,ir]l.\.\T, M.D.. wa> horn at rniontown, Fayette eouiily.^l'eiinsyl vania. .\|iril 
 •J'.lth. ]>^'u. and is tlii' son ..f (hneial Sam ml D. ()li|ilianl. lie i> the liftli nieiiiher of a f.iinily of 
 
 ten sons. At the time of his hirtli. his father ]irac- 
 liced law at lii> home, rniontown. I'eiinsyhania. hut 
 with his family reimi\cd to I'rineeton, New .Jersey, 
 in I'Sl'iT. Here Dr. ( (liphant and his hrothers attended 
 school. rei-ci\iiiL; his ]ircliiiiiiiary education, duriiiu' 
 seven \ears ill the |iri\:ite scl 1 of .hilili Scliellck. 
 
 He i-aiiie to 'Preiitoii with his parents in l'S74. and 
 attended the State Model School, where he ]nirsued a 
 spi'cial eniirse preparatory to the study of medicine, 
 lie I'l'ad medicine with his preceptor, 1 >r, William W. L. 
 Phillips. Ill the fall of 1.^77. he entered the Medical 
 Department of the Fniversity of I'ennsylvauia, .uraduat- 
 inu' tli<'r<'from in the sjirinir of IS.SO. Soon thereafter he 
 entered a competitive examination for one of the posi- 
 _^.^ ^^L |i,,ns on the stair of the I'hilailelpliia Hospital, as 
 
 ^^^^^P' ^fe^-«i*3P??dpH^^^^^ Uc.-ideiit I'hysiciaii. He served one year, and while 
 ^^^^^E /? ^^^B there, Lfaiiied such practical enahled 
 
 ^^^^K" '^^^1 him to ohtaiii a laruc and well-payin.i; )iracticc at Dani- 
 
 ^^^^^^^^^ ^^^>^^i|^^H Jilaee he removed after li'rin nf 
 
 '^ service at the hospital expired. He remained there 
 
 nearly four years, and in eoniiection with his privat<' 
 pruetiee, acte.l a- .\.-sistant Sui-eon to the Seventh Ite'.dment. .New Jcrs.'y National ( luanl. lie was 
 also Surgeon for the IVnnsvlvania railroad, which position he held until he reiiiovcl to Trenton, 
 
21 S 
 
 THE CITY OF TRENTON. 
 
 ill IS.S."). lie first locati'(l at Xu. llOWrst State stiTrt. at wliicli jplacr lie rciiiainc-i| until l^'.M, 
 when lie jiurcliasiMJ tlic liandsniiR' pnipcrty at No. I'ci \\'cst State street, where lie lliiw resides and 
 retains his dlliee. ( )n April 2".HIi he was a]i]i(iintecl the lirst Suriteuii (if the New Jersey Naval Reserve. 
 On Seiitenilier '.Uli. ISS"), I >r. (>li|iliant was married tn Lucy. daULditer (if Williaiii Cnrwin, 
 |irii|ii-ieliir <il' (■xlensive machine wcuks at Lamhertville. New .Jersey, and L'i'andilani.diter ol' .\shiiel 
 W'i'leh. Mr. \\'el<'h was |ii-(innnent in New .lersey histiiry as ex-l'resideiil of the I'nited liailmads 
 iif .New .Jersey, and was, liy priifessiiin, a ei\il eniiiiieer. l[e perfected the irreater pnilicm nf the 
 entiinecrinu of the l)ela\\are and liaritan canal. an<l also inti'ciduced the liloek system u( signals in 
 the Iniled Stales. l))-. ()liph;nit is a memher iif the .Mereei- Cunnty .Medical Society, and connected 
 with the ICye and \',:\y l)epai1ment nf St. I'"i'aneis lliis|iital, nf 'ri-entmi. 
 
 .Vnnisd.N II. I)KV, .M.l).. wa^ Inini in lli'^hl-lnwii. Niw .lei--ey, .lanuai'y Ith, l^'iT. i'"iir 
 several ye.ai's he allended the \'nn Kcii— (Inei- I n-til ute. nf that pl.ace. lie delei-niini'd tn studv 
 medirilie. and cnteleil th<' iillice nf hr. llc-liler. the niii~l pIMIiiinelil ph\>ieiaii of lliuhtslown. 
 
 'I'lieri' he 1-emaiiied for two \-c,-irs. Dr. Dev 
 uraduated from the .Medical Department of the 
 I'liivei'sity of I'cinisylvanin in l^si. He 
 started npon the pi'acticeof his piofi-v^inii in 
 hisnali\-c (own. and I'cniained lliei-c for thi'ee 
 year-, meetin;^ with j;i'atif\'ini; sueces>. In 
 ISN") he mo\-ed to Ti'eritoii, and ojiencd an 
 ollice at o.'17 .North Wai'i'en street, where lie re- 
 iiiainc(l mitil .M.-irch. l>i'.l|. when li<' mo\-eil 
 into his pi'e-ciit residenci — I'J.'I South Wai-nn 
 sti-eet. Dr. Dey is a general practitiouei- of 
 recoL;iii/.cd sl<ill and aliility. He has lieeu the 
 examiner for llie Philadelphia and licadinu' 
 l!aih-oad llelief Society. aii<l also pli\sician for 
 the riiiladelphi.a and lleadiui; Kailmad Coiii- 
 pan\- for se\-ci'al yiai's. Di'. Dey was m.aia'icd 
 oil .luiicMli. iN'.i;!, to ("arrie I'ci'i-ine. of Dutch 
 Neck. New .Icrs.'y. 
 
 Kk ir\i:n 1!. llooioi.'s. .ji;.. M. D.. was horn in 
 ISdl' on Mast lIauo\-er street, wlici'c his fatlu'r 
 -till resides. lie was c(lnca1ed at the Trcnlon 
 .\cadcm\- and studied medicine with his fatlua' 
 and the l.ih Dr. Wool vertoii. lie also took a 
 medical cour-c at the rniversity of I'ennsyl- 
 
 \ ..sii.iMi. \:niia. ui'adu.-itinL; from |hci-c in ISS'J. .\fter 
 
 his Lii-ad nation he served one yea |- in the I'niver- 
 sity of I'ennsyUania Hospital, and afterward a little o\-ci- a year in the Ni'W .Ferscy State .\sylum for 
 the 1 n>ane, in this city. h'oi- lud years he was associ.alcd with his father in Liciural pi-actice, and upon 
 the death of his hrother-indaw. Dr. I'.rock. in Scptcmhei', ls^(i. Dr. ito-crs moved at once to No. UK) 
 Perry street and succeeded to the oHice and practice of hi> l.itc lirothci'-in-la w. Hi' is still rc-idiiiLT 
 at the same ]ilacc and has a lirml v-estahlished practice. po|- three years he was City Physician, and 
 dnrinix President Hari'ison's ailministr.ation was Se<-i-ctary of the iioanl of \ nited States Pension 
 l']xandners for the Second ('ohLU'essioiial District. He has hciai Medical !']xamincr for the lioyal 
 .\reanum since 1SS4 and for the Order of the (loldcn Chain -inee ISSC. He is also Kxaminc'r for 
 Sir Charles .Napier Lodue of the Sons of St. (icoi-t;c. and the Sexennial l.caL;tli' and a lai'L'e lUimlier 
 of iiisuraiiee com|ianies. He was the lirst .Medical Kxannner for the Mi'tropoliian Insurance 
 Coiiqiany in this city. Dr. i!oi;ers is a 'i'hirty-second Dei;rec Mason, and is a prominent memher 
 of the Yoillij; Men's I'epuhlican Cluh, He is .\ssistant Suri:i-on of thi' Seventh PcLdment, N. (i. 
 N. J. On Decemher Ntli. 1SS7, he married .lulia, dau.iihtcr of the laic William -lewell, a retired 
 nicrciiant of I'riiici'ton. 'I'hey ha\e three children — ELsio, Harold and i;ichar<l I!. 
 
TIIK CITY OF TRKXTOX. 
 
 2in 
 
 William .Mr|). Silmllk, M.h.. \\n> Imhh in Sii>>rx cuniiU-. Xrw .lii-(\, AiiLinst I'.hIl iscd. 
 He is a (li'sci'ii<laiit 111' an nM (lianian I'ainily. wlm cmiurati'i I In tlii- cnnnliv nvcr a ccntui-v ami a 
 half atici. Ill- nccivcil a lilirral cilniMtidii in 
 the Iliiili Srliixil (if his n:iti\r ((iiintw ami carh' 
 rvinrcd a liking; for thr niciUcal |ii'iifis>iiin. 
 Jlis father, hcini; a man nf Imnihlr imnns, \va~ 
 iniahh' to assist him in prm-ui'iiiL; the iicc(>>ai\- 
 kmiwlidav, so ^Ir. StriiMc cainr 1" 'i'l-riit.m 
 ami sciaivcil a chaacal jmsitinn. This was with 
 thr viow nf aciaimiilatint;' a siillicicnl aimmnl 
 of luoncv to carry Jiini tliron^^h Ihi I nixci'^iu 
 of Pennsylvania medical cnnr-i'. Alter li\c 
 vears of hard work and ccdnnmical li\in'j- hi- 
 hc>]ies\\erc realized. llccnici-crl thai instilii- 
 tion in 1S,S2, and was iirailiiated with Imnm-^ 
 in l.S.S,"). He then came In this <aty, and 
 
 eiinnneneed till' ]iraetiee of his ]il'oh'Ssiun. 
 To-dav, Dr. [■^truMe is a le.idiiiL: and <iii- 
 eessful ]ihysieian and suii;eiin. Hi-- medical 
 colleaiiUes have ackiiowleilLied tlii- fact li\ 
 electinu him President i if thcTrcnlnn Medical 
 Association. He was at one lime President uf 
 the Mercer Ciiuntv Medical Sixicl \-. and fur se\-- 
 ci'al years was Seeri'tary for this Society, lie is 
 a memhcr of tlu' [iresent Hoard of Health, ami 
 was City Physician for two years. ( )ii -lime ( 'it h. 
 ISSti, 1k' was married to liachel 1 lull, nf 'Trent me 
 Dr. Struhile retains an ofiice in ennneclinn hIIIi 
 his residence at <i'.>l Snuth Proad street. 
 
 \\ I II 1 \M Mill s riu 1:1 K. 
 
 Pk\.l\ml\ W. .McCaLLIAL'H. .\I.I'., was Ihhh neai- Plidueton. .\c\\ .hi -ey. ( letnller (itll. ISfil. 
 
 After receiving;- a tiood comimin-Mlimil cdiic.-iljnn. he entered llie ."-^iiiii li .ler^cy lii-litiilc. whia'e he 
 
 -|ien| line \ear in | n c| la riii'^ fnr l,al'a\cile ('oIIcl;!'. 
 .Malrii idalin- at thai inslitutinn in the fall nf I SS] , 
 he |iiirsned the l,.-ilin-Scientilie eonrse, uraduatiiiL' 
 a< line nf the hnnnr-men in the ('la-< nf '^o. lie 
 then lan'.;lil fnr mie \c.ii- a |iiihlic .^chnol al .\ndn\cr, 
 Snssi\\ ciuinlw New .lersev, after which he entered 
 the Medical I ie|iartinent nf the Pniversity of Penn- 
 syU.inia, i^iadnaliliL;- with iheClassof "Si). Inacnni- 
 |iclili\e examinatinn fnr an a]i|inintnient nn the Stall' 
 nf Pcsident Physicians of the Pn'shyterian Hospital, 
 Philadelphia. Di'. Mctialliard was sncce-.sful in liis 
 elToils. He remained there one year; he came to 
 'I'ventnn and Incated mi South Uroad street. Shnrlly 
 ihei-cafter. he remnved In his jireseiil locatiom 
 
 I If. .Mil lidliard is thnrnui^hly \ei-sei| in medi- 
 cine and surircry. He is one of the X'isitinir Stall' 
 nf Physicians at St. Francis Hospital, to wliich he 
 was appninted .\pril -"iDth. ISD'i. lie is Seia'clary 
 nf the Mercer Coiuity Medical Society, anil acts 
 '■-I'"- '^ ^1 '■ in the same capacity for the stalT of Physicians 
 
 at St. Fr.anci- lln-pilal. Dr. .McCalliard is Incated at Nn. 'J I o Ivist State street, where he 
 
 has a \V(dl-eipiipped and hantl.-omeiy-aiipointed suite of olliees. 
 
2-20 
 
 THE flTY OF TUKXTOX. 
 
 CiiAUi.F.s W. (iKi.'UV, M.D., i.< ;i native nl' Maine. liaviiiLT liccn Ijhiu in 'riinnKisInn in IXn.]. 
 He was |irciiarc(l for collcjfi' at Pliillips Araili-niy. Amlnvcr. Massacliusctts ; at IlallDWcIl A<-ailiniy 
 
 ami iiiown's iVcadcniy, at Auliiirn<lalc. Massaiiiu- 
 si'tts. lie also entered Harvard University and t(i(i]< 
 a roui-se at liryant iV: Sli'attun's IJusiness ColleL^e. 
 in jlosliin. l,ater he studie<l medieine at tlie Boston 
 I'lii vc rsity. iVoni wliieli lie received his de.L'ree in 1N7>>. 
 i)i\ (lerrv connncnciM] tlir |ii'ncticc of his iirnfessicin 
 in llie town of Kaston, ^htryland, and was tliere two 
 yi'ars. Tlienee he came (hrectly to Trenton anil was 
 cnuaiicil in snccessful |ii-acticc ahont seven years. 'I'hen 
 for two years lie had an ollice in Ashnry I'ark, and for 
 aliont a year lu' was located in Fenninirton, New. Jersey. 
 Iiut iif late years he has airain heen |)ractieinu' in Trentim. 
 !)r. (ierry is a I'eunlar and homieopathie ])]iysician 
 .iml snrui'on. havin.ir stmlied iioth systems. He has 
 ample ahility to ,<killfnlly treat any kind of case that 
 eiinii-s nuder his car(\ In Xovendier, ISSi), he was 
 niairied to Miss Bennett, dauLditerof Henry J. Bennett. 
 one cif the leading Imnsi' painters of this city. I >r. 
 t ierry's otliee and I'esidence are at .\o. 2o2 East i'^-ont 
 stri^et. 
 
 Cii.WiLEs H. Ih'NiiAM. .M.l).. was horn on a farm near I'iscataway. Miildlcs(>x eonnty. New 
 .lersev. .March I'lth, \s:','.). His p.-itei'ual ancestors came finm En-land. In tln' year KiSl. 
 l!ev. i'Mniund Dnnham settled in Middlc'Sex coinity. where he man-ied l^li/.alietli JJonham. 
 and afterward estahlished the Seveiitli-na\- 
 
 liajitist Chnrch. On the matemal line he i> 
 
 descended from I'ontins Stell(\ of Fr.ance. 
 
 whose son IJcnjamin. hoi'u in New V(irk in 
 
 Ki.'S."], afterward hecanh' pastoi- of tln' I'iscata- 
 
 way Ba]itist I'hurch, now Stelton. .\t the ai:e 
 
 of sixteen years. i)r. I)nnham laitia-cd the 
 
 chennst and a|iothee:iry sliup nf the late Dr. 
 
 David ('. lui.ulish, at New lliiniswick. .Vftci- 
 
 spendint; two years there he went to Elizalieth- 
 
 ])ort with ])r. Thomas L. HmiLih. ami on 
 
 Sejitemlier Hth. 1 >>.")S. came to 'I'l-ciituii and 
 
 aci'epted a clerkship with the late Is.iai- D. 
 
 James. He has since resided in this city. in 
 
 IStil he hegan the stnd\' of medicine nnder the 
 
 late Dr. Thomas .1. Corson, and entiiid the 
 
 University of Pennsylvania. fi-om which he 
 
 i^radnateil in the spi'ina- of ISiil. Hi- passed 
 
 an examination for Assistant Suriiciin in the 
 
 army. There heinj.' no vacancy at the time. 
 
 he ap]icarecl hefore a contract Ixiard. tl)en 
 
 sittini; at Phihuleliihia, and )iassed an exami- 
 
 liati(»n for Aetini.' Assistant Snrireon. and was 
 
 asjsifined to Ilarcwood Hosjiital. Washinjiton. 
 
 D. C, now the National Soldiers' Home. He 
 
 was afterward transferred to the hosjiital 
 
 steamer "State of Maine," wlieie he remained 
 
 until the end of the war. He then returned to Trenton and formed a ])artnershiii with Isaac D- 
 
 James in the drug and apothecary business, xuuler the iinu style of James it Dunham, and eoii 
 
 CHAKI.K> U. DrNNAM. 
 
TIIK CITY OF TltKNToN. 
 
 2-21 
 
 tiniicil tlic same iiiitil Jaimnvv 1st, 1X71. Since flu- ilissoliition of iiavtnorslii]) lir has ))rcn prac- 
 ticing; nicilicini' in tliis city, at liis dllicc ami residence, 121 Suntli Warren street. I ti-. Dnnliam was 
 on the active st.alV nf St, Francis Ildspital I'di- se\-enteen years as I'hvsieian and Surt;e(in. He 
 retiri-d friim active ser\iec .a few years aiLo on ai'cnnnt nf iH lieahli. He lia< alsn Keen ('(inntv I'hv- 
 sieian an<l t "(innty SchiHij Sn|ierintendciit. I >r. Dnnliam. nn .\..\emlier ."ith. lS('i7. n)ai'i-ied .\nna 
 I... danLihtci- nf the late ex-SheiilV AmnsSiekel. .M r<. Dnnhain die.l nn 1 )ecemhei- 2 Ith. 1^71. 
 
 TnnMA- II. M.vcKKNzii:. -M . D. . is a nat i ve nf Nn va Sent ia. a nd Was 1 mm i n 1^17. IIereceiv<'d 
 his classical ednc.itinn at tin' Dalhinisie Cnlleuc, Ilalifa.N. Nn\,a Scniia. and enm|ileli'd his medical 
 eniu'se in 1.^71 at thcllarxaril liiivei'sit \'. He 
 inn ncdiately came tn Trentnn. lncatinL:<in Cent I'c 
 street. l)i-. Mackenzie is a ]ihysieian and snr- 
 i;cnn nf ack nnw Icdi^i 'd aliilit\' and -kill. lie 
 has heen ennnccted with St. l'"i-aneis llnspital 
 fnr nver twenty years. He served as City 
 I'lixsician tin-ee yea is. and Physician fnr Mcrcei- 
 eiiunty three years. He is at present .Vttiaal- 
 inii I'hysician at the Xiw .lersi^y State I'risnn, 
 and is a nicinlier nf the .Mci'ccr Cmnity Medical 
 Sni-iety, scrvini;- nnc term as I'l-csideiit nf that 
 hodv. Fnr three years he was Superintendent 
 of the Puhlie Selmols of the city, ami is imw 
 one nf Trentnn's CnniiiMssinners nf Kdncatinii. 
 As City Superintendent, he made a faithful ami 
 efficient officer. In 1S7>'. he married Helen 
 H. Briehanan. of this city. Tlicy lia\'e t«n 
 sons — Eghert and Harold. I )r. Mackenzie's 
 home and nllice are at No. IKi Centre street. 
 
 .Vlto.n S. Fei.i.. M.I)., was hnrn in Tivnton. 
 New .lersey. ( )ctoher 2Stli. ISC,.'). Cntil he was 
 ten yi'ars n|l| he was sent tn the puhlie sehnnls nf 
 
 theeitw hut al that timi' his fathei' diid and ~inec 
 
 then he lias heen nlili^icil tn prnvide fnr himself. 
 
 For live veal's he was u'eiieral ntilit\' lin\' in niie 
 
 of his uncle's hi'iekyards, and dinani; .a part nf 
 
 that time he was diliiicntly studyiiiLi' to improve 
 
 himself so that he miuhttakea more eonnenial, and at the same time more lii<a-ati\i' po-iiioii. 
 
 After working- hard all d.iy at manual lahor, he would altiiid the Treiiton lUisiness Collciie at ni^'lit. 
 
 He made the \'( ry hest use of his <i|iportunities. and hy the time he li,id reached his liftccnth year. 
 
 he had mastia'cd the course in the husiiiess coIIcl;'!', and was thoroui^hly |irepanil to take an offi<-e 
 
 l>osition. lie then entered the einploy of the ( )tt t^' lirewer Company, and remaineil in their office ten 
 
 years. While he was eimaiicd a< head I kkeeper in the Ott I'i.- lirewcr I'ottca-y Company, he was 
 
 also studyint: medicine with I >r. W. (1. McCnllouiih. .\s soon as he had reached a pla<-e in his 
 study whei'e lie thought he would r<'cia\-c tlie ^^'eatest heiielit from the ecjllcLre lectures, he LMVe U]( 
 his husiness ]iosition and entered the llahiu'manii Medical Colleee in riiilailelphia. from 
 which he irraduated in IS'.il. Dr. I''cll immediately located in 'I'reiitoii at No. 1 |.". Pei-ry street. 
 
 He has already heen h red with an appointment as one of the Resident Physicians at the 
 
 City Hosjiital. and has assisted in a nuinher of unusual anil very difficult (>iierations. He is a 
 general medical practitioner and sur;,'i'on, hut is already takiuL' special studies in a particular hrancli 
 to which he expects soon to devote himself. He takes a irreat interest in Free Masonry, and is a 
 past officer in liis local lodiie and chapter, and a Knijiht Templar anil Mystic Sininer. He was tlic 
 originator of the l'"ellowci-aft Cluh, which was organized ahout live years ago, and has heen its \'ice 
 I'resident since its oriranizatiiMi. 
 
 TniiM.vs II, M.\(K1.:n/.ik. 
 
■22-2 THE CITY OF TIJKXTOX. 
 
 CllAltl.KS FnANKl.lN AliAMs, .M.I).. WHS li(ini ill lliidurtdii, .\i\v .icrsiy. .hily "itli. IS,")!), His 
 line (if (losci'iit is from Jlciirv .\(l;uiis, of liinintrcc Dr. .Vdanis' iimtlic-r was Susan .M. l)iiiiiis, 
 ilauiilif<'r (if J(H'l Dciiiiis, wliiili family ciiiiuratiil tu lliis country in the seventeenth c-ciitury and 
 settled in New .lersey. .Mcnilicrs tliereof served with the New Jersey 1roo]is in the War of tlie 
 lievolution. Dr. .\danis' classical e(]iieati(in was (ihtaiiic(l at the l'"annuii l'rc|iaratory School, 
 of iJeverly, New Jersey. He afterward ])ursue(l a course at the l'liiladcl|ilii:i CoIIclic of I'harniacv, 
 from which he was ura(hiate(l in 1S.S2. Tie ininiediately took U|i the >tiiily of niedicine, 
 fjiraduatiiii.' with honor and receivini; his dcLM-ce from the JelVerson .Mcilical ('oIIcl^c in l.S(S7. 
 I>r. Adams located at oiicc in the city of Ti'ciiton. and has hccii ]iraetiein.i,' jiere eontinuouslv, 
 with the e.\ce|)tion of the few mouths which he s|ieiit in travel and study in lCuro|ie. At the time 
 the horouirh of ChanihersliurL;' was annexed to the city, he was IJoroUiih Physician. .Vftcrward he 
 was apiiointed Analytical Chemist to the Trenton I'xiard of Ifealth. At jireseiit he is the President 
 of the Mercer Comity Medical Society and a mcliihei- of the New Jerscv State Medical Societ\'. He 
 is ]irominently comiected w itli the Meivei- llosiiilal and also with t he Ti-cutmi 1 )is]iensary and is 
 J'resident of the I'atholo.iiical .\ssociati()ii. He is an e.\-i'resideiit and the Mediial ivxaminer of the 
 Order of 'I'oiiti and also ^ledical I^xauiiiicr of the 1\ niiihts of .Malta, In IMU, he had the lioiior of 
 representiiiL; Cncas 'I'rilie, .No. IDl', I. O, 11. M., in the (Ircat Council Session of the lied .Men of 
 New Jersey. In June, ISDi', Dr, .Vdanis married May Roheson, of this city. He has a lar.iic and 
 very pleasant residence and olliee at No. 52 West State .street. 
 
 CiiAiii.Ks U, l>rHi{or(iHs, ^[.D.. was liorii neai' I'eiiiiiiiLiton, Mercer comit\-. \e\v ,lcrse\-. in 
 lS."i;i. His preliminary education was received at I'eniiiiii;1oii Seminary, after which he took a 
 
 thoriiUL^h course at the Loni:' Island .Medical 
 CollciiC. IhoMklvn. New ^'o|■k. whence he was 
 Hl'aduated with honors in 1 S,s,"i. He immedi- 
 ately recei\-ed an appoiiUmeiit as A.ssistaut 
 Physician to the New .leixy State Hospital for 
 the Insane, at Trenton, and for live years he 
 presided ovel' the male de|iartmelit of that 
 institution. Dr, ISurrouiiiis faithfully and eon- 
 scientiou^h' |ierforiiied his duties, and as a 
 lialuial result won the esteem and respect of 
 the eni|plo\i'< and inmates of the Hospital. 
 Dr. l'im'roUL;h> ha^ lieeii twice niarrie(l. His 
 second wife was .Miss ( )smond, of Caindcii. 
 whom he married I'diruary 22(1, IM'I. He 
 1 resides at No. 22',» .Xorth Warreu street, where 
 he ;dso retains his olTu'e. 
 
 \\ii.i.iAM W", W'ooi.si;-!', M, D,, was horn in 
 I'euns .Manor, Ihicks county, Pennsylvania, in 
 isi;',l. In ISDO, he .uraduated from the IlaiiiK - 
 maim .Medical College of Chicairo, and immedi- 
 atclv located in Trenton. While Dr, \\'ool>cy 
 hv no nicaiis ignores the |iow(i' of drugs and 
 medicines, yet he attaches much irreater im- 
 jiortinice to hygiene, dietetics, ventilation, suii- 
 liglit, ite., than is common among physicians. 
 He helieves that it is hetter to give as little 
 medicine as possihle, and to see that othi r 
 conditions ai'e favorahle to health, \\'orking under this liypothesis, he has heen excee(lingly 
 successful, and has hecome correspondingly popular. He is one of the start' of .Medical .Vdvisel's 
 of the City Hospital, and has assisted in some very important and delicate oi>erations which have 
 heen performed there. In Juno, 1S93, he married Miss .Margaret .\,, daughter of William .Mills, a 
 conti-actur and builder of this city. They have a very pleasant home (jn the corner of Chestnut 
 avenue and I5utler street. 
 
 eil.\i{i.i-5^ R. llriuiocdirs. 
 
THE CITY f)F TRKNTOX. 
 
 223 
 
 Hk.nuv M. JJkaT'IV. M.D.. was Ikji-ii al l.aiiilicil villc, Xru Jersey, T)<'cei]ilHT Stli, ISoS. His 
 iiidther, Miss Kershaw, nf Mandiestei-, iMiulaml. eamei.i Aiiieriea wlieii six years (lid. and I'esideil in 
 New Jersey mitil her death. ,\|iiil 17l!i. 1^70. ( )m the |,aliriial >idi'. Dr. I'.eatty is in diivel de.sceut 
 friini John Beatty. who with his Iwci suns e.inie tn .\nierie:i IVum .Vheideen. Se itland. in IT'iJ. 
 (.)ne oi these sons, (lei)i-i;-e. lueated in 'i'rentnn 
 at tlie flint (if «hat i< now CiUidnn street. 
 where he owned and (i|ieiateil a f(aiy on 
 the Dehuvare river hetwcen 'Trenton anil the 
 Pennsylvania shore. His hi-othi r. Ih-. (Ii.irles 
 Beattv, Ideated on tlie I'ennsy 1\ ania side near 
 the ferrv landing, and was the fallier of ( i( iier.d 
 .hilni I'leatty. In ITTli. <leoi-L;c ISeally s( i\-eil 
 in the Itevolutioii, liein" Conindssin-y and 
 Foraue Coniinissioner to (ieiieral W'aslnnnton. 
 It was lie who furnislie(| the means hy which 
 \\'ashin,L;ton and his army ei'ossed tlie Delaware 
 on that meiiioralile 1 )eeeiidiia' I'-'itli. 177l'>. 
 Dr. Ileattv's earl\- davs wci'e ^penl in 
 Trenton. After the death of his inothei; he 
 ])assed tin- folIowinL;' hve years on a fai'm at 
 Dutch Neck. New .ha'sey. Titiis\ille and I'eini 
 Valh'V, rennsyhania. He then remained two 
 vears in Ilrooklyn. New ^'ork. In \s~'.)_ he 
 hccanie a stndent of medicine nndi a- 1 >i'. W'alti i 
 I'l. Hall, of linrliniiton. New .iii-ey. with 
 w lion I he nanained two yeai's. He then (aileicd 
 Jefferson Medical Colleu'e. eradnal inii t herefrom 
 with honors in ISS.'i. He received the |irize 
 for the hest oritrinal work in ex|iia-inient.al 
 therapenties, and for execllenec in Materia 
 Mediea. Shortly aftia' hi> i;radnation l»i-. 
 Beattv located in Florence, New Jia'sew where he nanained until h^Mi, at which time he n inovc'l 
 to Trenton, wIkic he is now iii'jaL:i'l in hi,~ |irofe-sion.al duties. lie enjoys one of the larjrest 
 jiraetiees of any )iliysieiaii in the city. He is de\dtcd to his pro to- ion. and is a close student. Hr. 
 Beattv is also a Liradnate in |iliarmacy. ( )ii .luiie lillli. 1SS7, |)r. iJe.atty married Kate, danirhtia- 
 of Lnke Dovie, Fs(iuire, of Florence. New .h isey. 1 Ic has heeii .Me(lical Fxainiiua' for the Frudeiitial 
 Insurance' Coiriiiany for the jiast eitiht years. He is also Medical l^xamima- for I'nit Coiineil, Royal 
 .\rcannm. Dtirin.i: the years of iS'.tl and \S'.)-2 he lillcd the |iosition of .\nalytieal Chemist to the 
 Trenton lioard of Health. He is a |j|-(iniinenl nKanhci- of the County and State Medical Societies. 
 
 Ly:\i.\n Tji.wfrr, .M.I)., was horn in Norlliani|ilon, New Hampshire, in 1^-'1'_'. He took a 
 eourse in the I'(am>vlvania Medical College, in I'hiladclphia. uradiiatin.u' in 1S.')7. W'luai the war 
 liroke out he ent(red the Fnion aiiii\- as a Sm-ucon, and was connecled with the Seventy-lirst 
 llejiiment (if New York N'oluntivrs. He was detaihd for hospital S(a-viec dnrini:- a part of the time. 
 and was on the tiehl looking: aftia- the waumded and dyini;- the r(anainder of his term of service. At 
 the elose of the war Dr. Deavitt located in Trenton, haviuL' his home and ollice at No. .")().") South 
 Warren street, where he remained until IMH, wIhh he moved his family to No. ;:ili Chestnut 
 
 avenue. Tie now has an ollice at holh places. Dr. LeavitI has lic(ai one of tlu' st successrui 
 
 jihysicians of Trenton. He is a mm mix r and an ex-1'rcsidiail of the Merc(a- Cotnity Medical Soeiety 
 and also a memlKa- of the New J(a-sey St.ate M( dieal Society. lie served as City I'hysiciaii for two 
 years, and was County Physician for one li rm. He was a uk inlicr of the Trenton lioard of Health 
 for many years, and for three years was a mendier of Common Council. In i>;-^7 he was elected to 
 a seat in tile New Jersey Legislature on the i;(pidiliean ticket. In is-'i'.t Dr. l.eavitt married Mi.s.s 
 Martha T'.ronson, of Bucks county, Pennsylvania. Three sons are livin- and are iirotniiient in 
 
 Trenton— Charles P.., a jihysieian ; William H., of the I leadley-Lcavitl C pany, and Harry D., a 
 
 clerk in the .Mechanics National Hank. 
 
 M CNm M. l!l:.\ irv. 
 
■224 
 
 TIIK ( ITV OV TREXTON. 
 
 Imjnkst 1,. l)|('KiNsiix, ^I.I)., was lioin in Trenton, Octnlirr KItli, INiiCi. I'.y autlnMitic family 
 rironls, he is iMiaMi'il tn trace his ancestnrs liack 1" the year 1(>")7. wlien tliey lirst came tn tijis cduntiy. 
 
 J lis irrcat-^ramlfatlier, .Joliii Dickinson, scrvcil 
 in tlic Kcvdhiticinary war. Dr. Dickinson 
 rceeiveil liis i-nihmeiitary education at the Tren- 
 ton iinl)lic schools, and later attended the 8tati' 
 .Model J^chool. In considerini,' the choice of a 
 j)roressi(in. he had early decided njjon meilieine, 
 and in thi- year ISSJ he entered the Jeti'erson 
 ^fcdieal CollcLTc, of Philailelphia. ]5ein,ii a 
 patient studtiil. and a careful, exhaustive reader, 
 after the usual three years lie was graduated with 
 liiiih honors lie then came l)ack toliis native 
 town and eommeneeil the practice of hi- pro- 
 fession. AlthoULdi recently enten'd upon his 
 professional career, he has already ac(|uired 
 siiniithiuL: mm-e than a local reputation. In 
 April. IMll. 1)|-. 1 lickinson was a]]pointed ( 'ity 
 I'hysician. J lis ollice is located at No. o'2~ 
 l-:ast State sti-ect. 
 
 N A Ai II. l,oii>. M.l).. was horn in liich- 
 nionil. Xorthaniptoii eountv. I'cnnsvlvania. 
 f'eliru.-iry l-'ltli, l^CI, When liut three years of 
 aL:i- his pari'nl> ino\cd to llcthlehem, Pennsyl- 
 vania, his fathel', I!ev. Isaac K. Loos. D. 1).. 
 h.ivin.L^ heeii called to the pastorate of Christ 
 liefornu'il Church. The Rev. Dr. Loos was 
 one of the most prominent cler<;ymen in the 
 
 Reforniecl Church in the Tnited States, lie was I'lcsiilent of its (ieneral Synod, and has held 
 
 many hiudi jiositions in its councils. Dr. Loos olilaiiud his ruilimentary education at the puhlic 
 
 schools of llcthlehem, i;ra<luatinu from the IliLih School 
 
 of that city in his twentieth year, .\fter icavinir tlie 
 
 Ilijih School he tutored in Latin with his father, and 
 
 read meilieine with his preceptor, Di'. 11. !•". I'racger. 
 
 He alsi) ]jvu'sued a coiu'se of scientilic stu<lit'S with 
 
 sjiecial reference to the ])re])aration for his )irol'ession. 
 
 llaxinu: thus receivcil an exeelleiit preparation, he 
 
 entered .Tcli'erson Medical Colleu'c, of i'hila(lel|ihia, in 
 
 the fall of ISS.-), and graduated from that institution in 
 
 ISSS. Shortly thereafter lie locateil in the city of 
 
 Scranton. Pennsylvania. ]\v remained there only two 
 
 and a half years. On aecoiint of his desire for sjiecial 
 
 study, he temporarily iravi' up his pi-.icticc. lie entered 
 
 upon a course of lectures on diseases of the eye, ear. 
 
 nose and throat at the New York Polyclinic, and 
 
 Hnished them at the Philadelphia Polyclinic, where he 
 
 trraduated. In a<ldition to this course, he entered 
 
 Wills l\ve Hospital, Philadelphia, and hecame assistant 
 
 to Dr. William F. Xorris, the celehrated eye specialist 
 
 of that city. After reniaininu with him some time, he 
 
 locati'd in Trenton in the fall of 1S!)(). at No. 2H8 Ea.st 
 
 State street, hut sul)se(|Uently reniox'ed to his present 
 
 quarters. No. 810 East Stale street, wlicre lie is now enjoyiima very la rue practice. On June2r)th, 188'.), 
 
 L)r. Loos was married to liertha Carjieiiter, dauirhter of Ahram H. j'.akcr, a retired, well-to-do farmer 
 
 of Martin's Creek, Pennsylvania. Mr. I'.akcr is one of the Directors of the Easton Trust Coiujianj'. 
 
 i:KM>r L. lUi KIN.Si.N, 
 
 1>AA( H. LI.I.J 
 
THE CITY OF TRENTON. 
 
 9-) = 
 
 James D. Ta.ntu.m, M.|)., was Imrii in Trcntdn, New .l( rscy, Fi-hruary 27tli, 1S.J7. I lU early 
 education was obtained at the New .leivcy Stiili- .Mmld ScIkkiI, and in 1S7"2 he was ^n-aduated from 
 
 the Trelltim lUlsineSS College. .\i'ter twn years" I'XJicrienee in the dlMILI' lmsini>s he entered the 
 
 I'uix'ersity uf Pennsylvania and tdok tlie lull i li<'al e(]urse. !.ri'adnatinL: in 1X7>^ with huncirs. Hi' 
 
 iinnieiliately returned to Trentim ami enniniiiieed praetiee at .Xn. •L''s South lli-oad street, where he 
 remained until h^'.'i'. IIi' then removed his ojlicc ami I'e.^idenee to No. lIS | Hamilton avenue, 
 where he is still eni^aLii'd in the pi'aetiee of his eho^eii jirofession. ( )n .May Ith. ISS], i)r. Tantuni 
 was married to J'^lla Williamson, of llueks comity, I'eimsylv ania. who ilie(l Septendiei- Uth. 1SS8, 
 leaving one daughter, Margaret W. \h\ Tantum is a im-mher of the itoyal .\rianum, and has l)een 
 one of its ]\Iedieal Examiners for sevei-al years; he is also Meilieal Ivxaminer for at least eight 
 insurance conijianies. I le o\\ lis considcrahle real estate in Trenton, ineliiilinu: his handsome resi- 
 dence on Hamilton avenue. Several colleges have recognized his s('liolarship hy confin-ring honorary 
 degrees upon him. 
 
 Abel T. Brtehe. ^I.D., was horn in Cream Riilge, New .lersey. .lune 27111, l>;o7. He was 
 educated at the Freehold Instittite and the .lohns Hojikiiis I'ni versify. He eiitcre(l .h^ferson .Meilieal 
 College, at I'hiladclphia. and graduated there- 
 from ill l>^>i('i. For two years he |ir:icticed in 
 .hicohstown. .\cw .Ii'l'scv. and then came to 
 Trenton. He located at ltit'> S|iriiig strict in 
 ISS.S. where his jiiactice lias;^io\vn constantly 
 ever since his arrival. 1 M-. llnicre has an 
 engaging manner, which has \\(<\\ him the 
 praise of his |iatieiits. He was married in 
 iSSi) to .Julia M. Lighthoiii-iic, of Maryland, 
 and has one child — l']lcaiioi' Louise. His home 
 is his professional residence. 
 
 El.MEi; ]).\i:\\is. .M.l)., was horn .lune 
 ••'.lltli, lS.-,(). at Langhorne I then called .\ttlc- 
 horoj, Bucks cmnity, I'eimsylvaiiia. .\t till- 
 age of eighteen, he taught school at ( Md 
 Bridge. Middlesex coimtx'. New .Icrsev, for 
 one year. The succeeding two vears he 
 taught at the Trenton .\cadcmy, and at the 
 same time read medicine with his |ireccptiir. 
 Dr. B. B. Bogers, Sr. In the fall of |S7I. 
 he entered the Medical Hcpartineiit ol' the 
 I niviisity of i'enii~vl\',aiiia. and was giadu- 
 atcd in the spring of |s7o. Jlis medical 
 career was heguii in ('liamhershurg and Hamil- 
 ton Sipiarc, hut he suhscipieni l\' rcimi\eil to 
 'J'rentoii, wluM-e he has remained since |.S7'.I. 
 On the twenty-eighth of Octoher. 1.S7.'), Dr. 
 
 IJarwis was married to .Miss Harriet .\. Kogers. daughter of Captain William Bogers, of Old Bridge, 
 New Jersey. Two childnMi have liecn the fruits of this happy marriagi — Mary .\. and Harold S. 
 Dr. Barwis is a memher of the .Merer County Medical Sociity. and is a meiiiher and Medical 
 Examiner of the National Cnion and .\ncicnt Order of riiited Workmen. He is also a |.n)iiiin<'nt 
 Odd Fellow and Im-cc .Mason, and ha> represented the llcpta^ophs. in their hiciinial Sui)r.'me 
 Conclaves, for the past si.\ years, held at New ^'ork City, .\tlantic City ami Uichmond. Virginia. 
 From the time of organization until the ap|M.intmeiit of Dr. Lalor, a few years since. Dr. Barwis 
 was Physician to the Deaf-Miltc School, and while Chamhershiirg was yet ;i horough. he was 
 Borough i'hvsician two vears ; Ije was also a mciiihcr of (he horough's lirst IJoanl of IK'alth. 
 0* ' ' 
 
 i 
 
 % 
 
 AUKl- T. BlMKHF. 
 
riiAiTKi; x.wii. 
 
 TUKNTONS C1A15S. 
 Berkeley — Lotvs — Trenton — Elks — Turners — Young Men's Keitblkan Association — Demo- 
 
 <HATIC TiEAGUK— f'oUNTV ])KM0(1!A(V — YoUN(i Mkn's IIeBREW C'LUB— CaTIIOI.IC ClUB — 
 
 Ni:\v .Jkrskv HisTdiiUAi. Sdciirrv — ATin.Kiir Oucamzai'ions — Canui: Ci.riss — I''ii:i.ii Ci.ub — 
 C'ATiiiii.if Ynrxc Mi:\'s AssdciAiHix ny Saint Makv's I'Aiiisii — Mi:k(|:i: ('mxiv A\'iiki;i.- 
 
 •MKN — I'oTTKHs' CluI!. 
 
 i;i"N"l"()X i< mil cssiiitially a town where cluli-lifr limls iiiarkeil ile\-elu|iiiieiit. 'I"lu_' 
 
 llidusaiiil ami (iiic nH'tni|i<)litaii <-ciii(litiiiiis \\ liieli leail t" chilis ami eluliincn, arc 
 
 j^ lackiiiLi. Xcvcrfliclcss, the social ami pulitical |iha.-es d' Treiitnifs life liave irivcii 
 
 Ihc city some \-cry liaii(i<ciiiie cluiis, anil these, at least, are marked hy a Imuiitifiil 
 
 hnsiiitalit\' ami a spirit of bna (■(iiiicritdirli' among tlieir iiieliihers. 
 
 'iJ^'S^fe One iiF the most rccpntly-organizcd of city clul)S, and at the same time, oiu; 
 
 \(S/'^ destined to liecdiiie seciind tn nunc in this State, is the iicrkelcy. Selcctiiii;' its 
 
 ^ c) name in hnmir nf T,(ird John IScrkclcy, mie of the original grantees of what is now 
 
 2) New Jersey, the (irganizatinn, which was instituted for social and intellectual 
 
 liiirposes, has ehnsen for its di'vice the coat-arnioiir of its distinguished namesake. 
 
 The eluh dates its existence from Deceniher, l.S!)4, anil njinn the fifteeiitli nf March. 189-5. oeeu]iied 
 
 till' entire second floor of the i$arnctt IJnilding, 24 East State street. 
 
 Its (iriginaliii's were the fnllnwing rc]ircseiitative 'rreiitimians : .hihn Hart Brewer. John S. 
 liriiughtnn, William M. ('oiiii\er. I'redci'ie .\. Duggan, Juhii P>. Fell, IJarkcr (luniinere, Joseph 1!. 
 (dlkyson, .Mexandcr Hnnl. Antlinny K. Kuser. liudulph \'. Kuser, Benedict ('. Kuser, .Alfred 
 l.awshe. .\i-lhur Mnnntfurd. -Inlin ( uiild Muirheid. ( '. Ivlwanl Murray. I'rank .\. Magii\\an. William 
 Udherts, William liichey, (iarret 1 >. W. N'rnmn, Ivlwin Bdliert Walk<'r. .\lhanus L. Wdrthiiigtnn, 
 Samuel It. .laipies. I'^ckfiird Mudie. Welling (1. Sickel. 
 
 Its present dllicers — I'residenl. liarkcr (aimniere; Treasurer, .loseph I!, (iilkysnn; Secretary, 
 William .M. ('inidver: wlm. tngcther with William lidlierts and Frederic .\. Duggan, specially- 
 appdiiited memlicrs. fnrm the ( idverning ('dnimittee. Into the hands of this conimittee the ahsolutc 
 ciintrnl and gdvenmicnt nf Ihc cluli is cdmmitted. 
 
 The Berkeley Chih, ciijnying (he |ii-cstigcdf an hdUnrcd name, has its apartui(>nts fitted in kei'])- 
 ing with its jidsitinn in thecitw Xnt only great care Imt much taste has Keen exercised in the 
 artistic unities nf the decdratinus, resultant in a ]iai'licularly hai-ninnidus elfcct tlirdughdut the suite 
 of nidiiis dccupied liy the drga ui/.at ii UK 
 
 TiiK T.iirrs Club. 
 
 From thi' did Trcntun Cluli the l.ntus Cliili. as at present organized, has develoiicd. Td a large 
 extent, this prnminent city organizatidu is nut, in the strictest sense, a eluh. It is n^ally a Imdy nf 
 gentlemen maintaining social intercourse, through this association, in a innst infnrmal and cunti- 
 dential manner. Indeed, the Bdtus hears a vcrv close relatiduship tn the nld-time Wistar jiarties 
 of Philadcliihia. 
 
 The constitutidU shuws that 'Mhe nhject df the suciety shall he the prdiiidtiiin df literature, 
 science and sncial intercdursc." 
 
TIIK CITY OF Ti;iv\l"()X. 227 
 
 Tlic Presidents of tlio society — for sneli it really is — since its ineiiiiencv in the latter ])art of 
 1^72 have heen Dr. . lames I!. Cohajiaii. .lainiai'v Ttli. I>i7;i. to ()etciliei' 27tli. 1^7.;; Alfreij S. 
 Livingston, Oetoher 27th, 1S7:-;. td his (halh. l-"ehruary 1st, 1S7"); (ian-et D. W. X'muin. Mai-ch -1th, 
 1S7-"), to Jannary 5th, ISS;; ; Charles Scott, .hiimai'v -"ith. 1 SS.",, t,, .laniiar\ 2il. iSMi: .1. Invert? 
 Clancy, .hnuiary 2(1. ISSC, to .lamiary 1st. 1SS7 : .lohii II. Stewart, .lauuai'y l>t, 1S^7. to his ih'ath, 
 March Sth, l.S'.IO; Ferdinand W. Roehlinv, .l.aiinary .".d, IVil. to .lanuary 7th. IVi;); .hmathaii 11. 
 r.lackwell. .lanuary 7th, FSi);!, to date. 
 
 The following is a list of the nieinhci's who have sinned the coii>lil iition or the ani-eement of 
 original members: W. W. F. I'liilli|]-, .lames J!. Coleman, M.l».. Wi'slcv Cri'vi'ling, Tints. S. 
 Stevens, Edward S. F:ilis, .Moses 1). Naar, Charles C. .Mil.oit, Henry S. Fittie. .Mer<-er Beasley, Jr., 
 Charles Scott, .Samuel .\. Keimedy, .lohn ,\. Hall, Ca|itain Ivlwai-il M. \'aiil. ISeiij. F. \.vo, \\'u\. 
 L. Dayton, (F I'. W. \'room. Chailes IF Skiriw, Jlenj. N'aii Cleve, Charles Carr, .lohn Tavlor, 
 Alfred Reed, Levi T. liannmii, Wm. IF I'.arton. Edward F. C.iiii|ihell. Ste|ihen D. Dill.ave. Alfred 
 S. Livingston, John II. Stewait, .lohn I!. I']iiieiy. Uuht. S. WOodi-nlT, (F .\. ,\ii.lerson, Fi'wis 
 Parker, Jr., Randoljili IF Moore, Clark Fisher, .los F. Naar, I-'. W. Koehliiig, l!ichai-d !•". Sl<'vens, 
 AVm. WTiittaker, Edwaid T. (ireen, .lohn L. Murpliy. 
 
 Till': TuK.NToN Ci.rr.. 
 
 This organization was oi'iginally a cluli di^votcd entirely fo liicycling. .and wa< the lirst liii-v(de 
 dull evt'r formed in Trenton. The jireliminary meeting was held in the parlors of the Trenton 
 House, on June <Sth, 1SS4, at which time an organization was elfccted. Thi' name adopted was 
 "The Trenton Bicycle Clul>."" S. S. Staples was elected Presi<lent ; I ). Scott (Juintin, Vice Presi- 
 dent, and Sherman P. Camp, Seci-efary. .\l thi' next meeting, .lunc 12th, I SS4, a constitution and 
 hy-laws were adopted, and thus t lie Ti-eiiton Cluli was l.imiched on its cai-eci'. 1 1 did much toward 
 promoting the interest of hicycling in Trenton, lieing tlien the mdy liicvcling chili in tlu' citv. The 
 memliers rode the old "Cohnidiia (■ran]<'' and "Stai'"" wheels in those days and hicvcling then 
 was not the luxury it is to-day. 
 
 P.urroughs S. Rose was tlie fn'st Captain of the cluF and Fianklyn W. Whitehead was l-"irst 
 Lieutenant. Suhseijuent meetings were lielil in pulilic lecturc-roouis until Septemher oth. l.S8o, 
 when the club rented arnl fmnishiil ■■luxuriant" cpiartei-s at No. 1(I7 Fast Hanover street, which 
 is known as tlie old Arcade ISiulding. In -lidy. issti. the cluh iemo\ed to its present commodious 
 quarters at Xo. 26 East State street, the rooms formerly occupied hy the Foeliiel Cluh. 
 
 In Sejitendier, 1SS7. tlie ejuli disliandeil and rc-organizi'd tlu' following Xovemher under the 
 name of "The Trenton W'hiilmcn,"' the purposes of the organization remaining the same. C. 
 Thompson Sutpihin was elected President ; (lai'dnci- 11. Cain, \'iie I'lcsidiiit ; Rolicrt \'. Whitehead. 
 Treasunn-, and Charles T. Aaronson, Secretary. In .\pril, ls'.i2, an impoi-tant change was made in 
 the purjioses of the organization. The constitution was revised, .ill the liicycling features of the 
 eluh were expunged, it resigned from (he lycaguc of .\ineiiian Wheelmen and changed its name 
 from ''The Trenton Wheelmcu " to "The Trent<iii Cluh," and the piirp<ises of tlu' organization 
 were changed so as to eliminate the hicycling featuri's and make it ]iurcly a social orgainzation, and 
 it has so remained, although nearly all of the inemhers arc still enthusi.aslic devotees of the popular 
 sport — wheeling. 
 
 The ])reseut organization of " The Trenton ClulC is as follows : President. (lardma-II. Cain; 
 Vice President. Roliert \'. Wdiitehead ; Treasurer, .\i-lhm- IF Wood ; Sc(a-ctary. Walton .M. Watson. 
 
 Trustees — Cardner IF Cain. Poheri \'. Whitehead. ,\ilhm' IF W 1. .\lfred X. I'.arhcr. Fraidclyn 
 
 W. Whitelu^ad. 
 
 The memhers (thirty-two in nnmlici-) are all well-known young Fusiness and professional men 
 of this city. 
 
 Till': ]'>i.Ks. 
 
 Trenton Lodge, No. 105, lienev<ilent and Protective Order of Elks, was instituted X'ovemher 
 22d, 1S8S. The lodge at fir.st secured ipiarters in ("[idcgrove iV Fdts" Iniihliiig, Xos. 2.'! and 25 
 North Warren street, where the parlors were furnished in such a manner that they were jironoiinced 
 to he the liucst in the State. 
 
•2-28 TIIK (I TV OF TRENTON. 
 
 On .lamiary 11th, 1S94, the lixlfro moved into the jjmperty No. 88 \\'ost State street, wiiieh 
 tliev hail pui-cliascil ami fitted uj) for their acconiniodatimi. 
 
 ]''ver reailv to assist tlie needy, the Elks were tin' lii'st ti> eoine tntiie relief <if the vietinis of tlie 
 Johnstown calamity ; 8100 was suhserihed shnrtly after tlie news reaeiied the city, ami the Elks 
 ininiediatelv formed a relief ennmnttc'e fur the ]iuri"ise of sulieiting sul)seriiitions and reeeivinjr 
 elothinjr. A lienelit triven at the Opera House under Iheii- auspices netted over SfiOO, and a base- 
 ball jranie, also arranjicd by them, seeureil .^MO nmre for the sufTerers. In this way thousands of 
 dollars and a larjre amount of elothinsr, foml ami uther necessaries were eolleeted. 
 
 The charter nu^mbcrs nf the luil<.fc wci'e Itichanl .\. l)iinnelly, Charles Slee, \\'ellin<: ( J. Siekel, 
 Ernest ('. Staid, Francis T. O'Neill, Harry F. Sndth. W. H. i.inburir, Watson F. \'aii Caniii, A. E. 
 Allen, ('has. II. ^■o^uvL^ Fred. 1", Kat/.iaib.icli, Hnrace liiddlc, .b..-. 1!. Shaw, .bilni Hart Hrewer, 
 Elijah Mduntf.ird, Haniel .1. bcchtcl. .Manuel Kline, ('has. Y. I'.andunl. W. 1!. .b.hnsldn. .\. ('. H. 
 Wilson. Henry F. Cook, l'"rank N. I'eilurts. William Itichey. S. T. .1. I'.yam, Fivd. I )n.i.',i;,-ni, T. II. 
 Parry, Harry ('. Taylor, ('has. .\. Ui id. .1. I!. Cnx, T. N. Cninad, S. .1. .bicksnu, .1. S. Cleaver, 
 H. M. Casi)er, C. T. Sut|ihin, Ivlwin Fitzgeorge, .M. T. l.aii-d. .\m:iistus l.a Ituc .\. .1. (^'aliill, 
 Feli.x .M. O'Neill. Wm. Henry Kinms. .Ino. F. Siieclcr. H. .\. Donnelly. .In... H. Heil. l']. 1). I'.oyd, 
 .Ino. C. Owens, Walt<'r l.emi.x. A. I!. I\u>er, W. S. Cadwalladcr. II. O. Stewart. E. !•'. Ibioper, 
 .las. M( Dnnald, W. I',. Davis, .b.hn Itellstab, Eekford .Moore. 
 
 The lirst ollicers of the lodge were as follows : Exalted liuler. Uiehanl A. Duinielly ; Esteeme(l 
 Leading Knight, Charles Slee; Esteeniecl buyal Knight. Welling (i. Siekel; Esteemed Lecturing 
 Knight, E. C. Staid ; Secretary, F. T. O'Neill : Treasure!-. II. F. Smitb : l-lsipiire. II. .\. Donnelly ; 
 Inner (iuard, I''. N. I'oberts ; Chaiilain, Elijah Mountford ; Trustee, A. Fl Allen; Finance ('(im- 
 mittee, \\'. S. Lenox, I^dwin I'"it/.george, Manuel Kline. 
 
 The memliershi]! list includes many <if the leading citizens (if Tnaifon. The fullciwing are the 
 oflieers : I']xalted liulci-. Wm. Y. .bihnsdn ; Seca'ctary. Ivlwiii I-'itzgcorge : Treasurer. Willi.am 
 Foster. 
 
 The F'lks' building on \\'est State street is the former .'-^. K. Wilson mansion, and has been 
 remodeled and refui'nislied. The parlors are adorned with i-ostly pictures, whilst the mom devoteil 
 to the lodge meetings is of part icnlar beauty. Dnriiiii the wiutei- ■■ Social Sessions'' arc held, wlieii 
 the programme includes, as a rule, Treiitouians who are cntia'taiuiav. Tlie-i' lioin's of festivitv 
 arc cxtrcmi'h' populai' features of local life. 
 
 Tiiio Soci.M. TniN-\'i;i;i;iN. 
 
 Upon the tliii'd day of .lunc, IS.")."), llu' Social Tnin-\'ei'eiii was organized in the old Hoboies 
 Hotel, on North Wai-ren street. I'l ion that occasion twenty i brmans signed the roll : First Speaker, 
 .Jacob Angermtdler : Seci-ctary, C. ICccles : Treasurer, 1'. Seliimmell : Fii'st Turnwart. .lohn I!oh- 
 linger ; Second Turnwart, .M. Straab, and Zeugwart. .\ndi-cw Mctzlei-. ( )f those who signed the 
 lirst roll but four remain ; .lacob Klcmimi'. -lohn liohlinger, Charles W oei'Ucr ainl .Viidi'ew .Mctzler. 
 
 In a few months the societv removed to Keelcr's Hall, liroad and IIano\er streets, and soon 
 enlarged the rules, admitting ]persons of other nationalities to become members. In IN-")?, the 
 Turn-\'erein removed to a small building near Lawrence l''ai-r<'li's store on North Li'oad street. .\l 
 this period athletics, in a small way, were introduced, and about lS(i7 Professor Louis 
 (ieriehten, of St. Louis, was seeureil as athletic iiistiaictoi'. In IMiS, the Turners were 
 located in Winter's Hall, where they conceived the idea of having a house of their own. The old 
 .\mcrica Hose house on .Montgomery street and Peters alley was secured, and lifty mcndiers appeared 
 on the roll. The society next moved to •■ Washington's Ketreat," on the .Vssanpink creek. Tin 
 athletic instructors at this time were .\ndrew .Mctzler and .lacob Klemnicr. The growth of the 
 society necessitated further change, and Captain .lohn Winter and Christopher Wentz were 
 ajipointed a House Committee. In the fall of |s71 they )nirchased the old Turner Hall properly 
 on Sotith Broad strirt from Peter Crozer for .S10,000. hi ls7-'>. the old Turner Hall was com- 
 ]ileteil and the Turners wi-re at last established in a line mw home. The old building cost 8."), 000. 
 The new Turner Hall, the most notable building on liroad street between the .\ssanpiiik and the 
 Court House, and one of the linest structures in the city, was dedicated October IHth. IS'.H. The 
 society estimate their property to Ije worth to-day at least $()0,U0U. 
 
THE CITY OK TPvEXToX. 229 
 
 Amoiiii- tlic yimiiL:' iiicii liclonuiiit;- tn tlic 'l\inici-s ;irr many iinmiiniiit athletes who have niailc 
 sonic cxrcHi'iit rcronls, hoth hciv ami cIscwIkit. The I'xhiliitinn wliieh the Tnrners' class irivcs to 
 the |Mililic at various times is liiLihly intere>tiiiL:. Tic Turners starleil a rillc coi'ps in 1S77 under 
 connnanil of Colonel K. C. Stalil. hut ^ullicient interest was not taken in it and it dro|i|ieil out nf 
 exi^teiiee liel'oi-e \rvy joUL^. What Was kuown as a theatci- section was another lloni-isliinL; feature 
 for a time, in w liieli Colonel Stahl's sei-\iees wrvv vahiahle. I'oliee .1 ustiee Coutier was l'"irst S|)eaker 
 previous to M 1'. ISlniiek. Mmiy |ii-ominent citizens ai-e included anion:; the minihirs. P'ollowing 
 
 ai'c the ]iie<ent olliicr^ : k'irst S|ieakir, Henry C. lUmuk; Sii- 1 S|ieakcr, Louis /allies; k'irst 
 
 Tuinwait, itiiiry Clark: Second Turnwail, Al. \'ialko\ itcli ; l'"inaiieial Se(a-etai'\-, Wni. A. 
 Klemaiin ; Kccordiiiii Sei ictaiy. !•". 11. kaidchrock ; Ti-easure|-. A. C. Hammer; ZeULfwai'l. Ivhvard 
 Metzlcr ; Trustees. K. C. Staid, (has. .1. Woerner and Wm. Zaniicr. 
 
 Tin: YoiNo Mi:\'s Pii:in r.i.ic.\.\ Assoei a'iiox. 
 
 The ^'ouiil; Men's He|inhlieaii .\s>oei:ition urew out of a niovenii lit startc(l li\ .lolni C. Owens 
 anil Henry V. Smith, whicji. in the ilays of iniassociated l;e|iuhlicaiis in Tnnton. hail for its ohjcets 
 " the perfecting' of a rcpri'seiitativc (irL:ani/.ation of the Itepuhl leans of the lity of Trenton. ]irovidiiiff 
 a place for them to hold nieetiniis and for the purpose ipf ai-ousinL: and stimulatin'j ;;reater interest 
 ill politics." The lirst Liciicr.al mectiiiL;. hy virtue of a call of thirty-nine siiiiiat iires, was held at the 
 r.oar<l of Tiadc' rooms, in the hnililini; now o<'cn]iiid hy S. !'. Hinihani A- Co. .\t this 
 preliminary mcetin.i,' a Committee on Constitution was appointed, coiisistiii'.: of William 1'.. .Mleii. 
 Joseph 1!. (iilkyson. C. Alhert ilrcwer, William Kicliey, .lolm C. Oweii>. .\l the ineetinu to 
 organize. William H. Skiriii was imaiiiinoiisly elected rresideiit : .loseph It. (dlk\soii. k'irst X'ice 
 President ; Thomas S. (liamlMrs. Second \'ice President : -lohn C. ()weiis. Sei retary : C. .\. P.rewcr. 
 Assistant Secretary ; Alluntiis K. .\llen. Treasurer; William P.. .\llcii. Henry P. Smith. Waltia- S. 
 Lenox. William A. .MacCrdli-h. William S. Covert. Trustees: II. V. Pakcr. .lo.,ph .M. .Moii-ar. 
 Charle- A. .May. Mcmlicr-hip Committee: F. C. Crillilh. C. .\. Prewer, Joseph P. Cilky.son, 
 Saninel .1. .lacksoii, (Jiarles 1). Waters. .VuditiiiL: Committee. The name decided upon at this 
 time was ■■The 'N'otinu; .Men's Pepnhlican .\ssoei:itioii of the City of Trenton." The second 
 nieetin.L' ( adjourned i was upon the t\\enlielh of l-'chrnarw PS,s;i, when the Poom Committee's 
 report, reeommendiliL; the suite of rooms in the Pippolt PiiildiiiL;' al f^^JoD per annum, was adopted. 
 The association reniaiiicd in tliis liiiililiiiL: until they rciiioxed to their present ICast Hanover street 
 edifice. .\t a iiicctinL: held July loth. 1SX|, a mw constitution was adopted. 
 
 This association was one of thi' most potent factors in lirint;inu' ahout the <'haiiL;e in municipal 
 .irovcrnnicnt. Ii\- the lepnlilican successes of .\pril. ISSIi. followed hy thi' '■sweep" of 1S,S7. In 
 .\pril. 1SS7. oec-iirrcd the i;re.at ■■ s\viep," and a reception to Mayor-elect I<"rank .\. Majrowan was 
 held. inauLiuraliiiL: this -\ ^li'iii of recot^nit ion of the siii-ccssful camliilate. The rooms were opened 
 aliki' to penioerats and Pepiihlicaus. and wi're heautifnlly decollated with ]ialnis. Ilaiis and plants. 
 Two himdred memhers and t;iiests were present, anioiii; whom were many of llu' Democratic 
 leaders. Speeches were made and Liincral nood feeling- prevailed. This was the lirst liepuMican 
 Mayor elected in Trenton in twenty-six years. His majority was l.OP^. 
 
 In Psitl. at a meelini; held ( )ctoher ■_'7tli, William H. Skirm. of the CommitI mi Chih ilmisi', 
 
 reported ■'that the Dunn property. No. P!',) l-last Hanover street, had heeii purchased for a few- 
 dollars over .SlI.oOD," and it was resolved that the associati<in indorse the a<'tion cif the coimniltee, 
 and that tin' committee ]iroceed with the matter of having' the association incorporated, in Xoveiii- 
 l)cr, PS'Jl, (he association was incorpor.-itcl under the act of M;n'(Ji ■27th. I>;7>'. Al this time the 
 name '-Association ■' was siricken out for that of ■■(Juh." The money foi- the |.nr(hase of the 
 Dunn property was temporarily advanced through the liherality of William 11. Skirm, and a <-i>m- 
 iiiittee to siJicit snhseri|itions was ap|ioiiited. The cliih theren]ion issued a series of .SlOO lionds to 
 be used in payinu- foi- tin- property. The liotlse was furnished hy suliscription. 
 
 Of the ollicers, Frank A. .Ma.L'owan (-onlinned in the Presiiieiicy until January. PS'.):',, when 
 William S. Hancock was elected Pi-esideiit ; John Pcllstah. Vi<-e President : C. W. Tliomp.son. 
 Secretary: Charles P. Prown. Treasurer. The ]iresent ollicers of the cluh are the fiuir ahove meii- 
 tion<'d, who have, since PV.);;, Peeii re-elected, tog<;llier with the following; Trustees: William 11. 
 
2;;o TlIK (ITV OK IIJKNTOX. 
 
 Skinn, Tliuiiias S. Cliniiilicrs. I>;ii-kcr (liuiiiiHrr, Jolui W. Cornell, Alexander ('. Yanl. I'ielianl P. 
 Wilson. I'Mwanl S. Parkinson. 
 
 The cluK-liouse is a tlirce-story liriek, with a two-storv e.xtonsion, on a lot forty feet in frontajje. 
 
 On the tirst tl • are the jiarlor, reailiiiir-iooni ami janitor's i|iiarters. On the second lioor arc the 
 
 liath-rooni. hilliard-rooni and jrMnie-rooni. On the third floor are Trustee and coniinittcc-rooms. 
 
 The rooms are |iarticularl\- worthy of notice, from .in aitistic staiid])oint. The large, tiled 
 vestihule, with sidi' medallions of l.ineoln and (irant, and a .Mosaic floor containin<r "1!. ('." in 
 stone, leads throll.<;h cherrv doors, with plati' t;lass ami monoifram thereon, to a wide hall. To 
 the left are the |iarlors. furnished in while and ,iiold, the walls Ijcing adorneil with |iortr.-iits of 
 151aine, Davton, the elder; Lincoln, W'ashinjiton (after Tloudon), (Irant and Sewell. A han<l- 
 colored ]print of " ('lav Addressinjr the Si'uate" and a re]iroduction of the celehrated ])aintinir 
 •• W'ashiuirton ('rossin<r the Delaware" are also a1tra<-tivi' featni-es. This i-oom is litihted hy elc'c- 
 trieitv and <:as. In the anodes of the eeilinu- panels are the heads of 1,ol;:iii. llaneoek. Fai'i-aiiUt. 
 Sherman. W'asliiuirton. Lincoln, (irant and ( Jarfield. The iiailiiip-i'oom. luxiu-ionsly fui'iiisheil, is 
 at the end of the hall. The se<'onil story is de\'oted to liilliai'il and Liauu'-roonis, whilst the com- 
 mittee and Trustees' aiiartments occU]iv the third floor. Path and toilet-rooms complite the mem- 
 hers" ])ortion of the house. Th(\ianitor"s a]iartnients are in the icar of the huildiuir. A remarkahlc 
 fcatiu'c of tlu' life of the cluh is, that liamliliiiL; and the sali' of any kind of intoxii-atinir liijuor arc 
 positively prohihited. 
 
 The eluh-house is, in short, one of the finest houses of its type in tlu' .State and is e(iuippi'd 
 with taste ami wisdom. 
 
 l)KMo(i!.\Tli 1,KA(;IK. 
 
 The history of the ^'omlL: Men's |)emoeratie l.eaaue may he traced (o the licuinniiiir of the 
 l)i-mocr,itic Pioncci- ('or]is. This latter association dates from th<' lampaiiin of \>^~'2. when cx-Maynr 
 Daniel. I. IJechtel first ])lanned and I'arricd into elfect the oriianization of the I'orps. It is still in 
 existi'Uce umler the leadership of Captain Frank .\llairc. ami has i;rown in memhership from six to 
 sixty-cijrht. In the eai-ly days tlu' cor]is met in the Harnett PnildinL;-. and latci- mo\-ed to the 
 Slircvc Puildins:. 
 
 In the campaiirn of issn. some of those acti\'e spii'its interested in the loips. pidposed a 
 ]permaueut oriranization of the Democracy. Asa result, the Vounp ^[(>n's Democratic Leatrue. with 
 thirty-five orL^anizers. was instituted. lt< mcinhership is now two hundred and fifty. The leai;ue 
 met in the eorjis-rooms. in the Parni'lt liuildinu' and in the Shrcvc PnildinL;-. I'pon the first of 
 .\|)ril. IS'.IO, the Demo<-ratie l.eaLiuc occupied (lie Ddlfou residence on North Warren striM't. which 
 has since heeii its headiiuai-fers. In this cilificc the linL;nc. which is a stnuiL; and iiillucntial liod\- 
 of the city Demoeracy. has .-m enviahlc location and home. The house itself is will adapted foi' 
 political assemhlaires. rceejitions to prominent party men and similai- purposes. It is fitted tliiouiiliont 
 in a plain and sulistantial manner. The lea,ane has accomplished a vast amount of pnliiical u>cfid- 
 ness. The present oflicers of the Dcmoia-atic l,ea:;ue ar<' .lames II. Wilson. Pre>ident : Harry 
 Provost, Seeretarv ; llaiiv W. Slack. Ti-casiu'cr. 
 
 Tni-: Mkixmkr ('o^■^l'^■ Dk.mocuacv. 
 
 Pursuant to a call inserted in the "True .\merican."' that the Democratic voters of Mercer 
 county shotdd attend a Tneetin,i: for or.uanization. the cluh started it.- existence u|ion the first of 
 Se|)teml>er, IN'.)]. Auionj; those iustruuu'Ufal in this initiatoi-y movement wei-c Petei- .\. .Mc.\uley. 
 Ivlward Keailinjr, Patrick Pruther ami Philip .\. Tallon. Of the oiiicers for temporary or<ranization 
 we find the Chairman was Sannu'l Cannnade, and Secretary, Charles Cassidy. I'pon a i)erinaiU'nt 
 or.i;:inization (here were elected President. John Priest ; Vice President, (n-ori.'c Murjjhy ; Recordius; 
 Secretary, William Fitzjjihhon ; Financial Secretary, Charles Cassidy ; Treasurer, James I5ruther. 
 The (iovcrnin},' Committee was com]iosed of Samuel Caminade, Edwanl Peadinu, Michael McDade, 
 Peter A. McAuIey, Thomas Cahill, Patrick Pruther. Thomas Ahhott. .lohn Crimes, Rohert Convery 
 and M. A. Smith. The iiresent oflicers are: President. John Priest: Vice President, Kdward 
 Reading; Recording and Financial Secretary, Frederick II. Kndehrock, Jr.; Treasurer, .James 
 
THK CITY OF TUKNTON. 2:'A 
 
 Brutlicr, and this Governing Coniniittec : Joseph McEvoy, Michael Cullins, 'I'luiinas Wclih. I'atrirk 
 Dianiciml. ?3<l\vard Mahcr, Thimias Henry, Thomas Al)h<)tt. Micliail .McUadc, I'atiick Bnithrr, 
 II. S. Urriinan. 
 
 The first niectinL; was hdil at Xn. Ill I'cn-y street, hetweeii I'.road and Warren, mi the suuth 
 side, wliieh place is still the headipiailei-s of the i lu)i. 
 
 The purjioses nf tliis well-knuun uriiani/.atiiin are politieal, sneial ;ind recreative. The (|Ualitics 
 necessary tor eliirihility are that a piiispeetixc hk nihei- miisl he a white male perseu dlt^ddd ^talldinii■ 
 and charactei', of tln' ai;e of tucnly-nne, and a hehe\cr in and suppuiter nf I )eniciei-atie principles. 
 The cluhdinuse is a M'ell-fin'nishcd, cdnnniididus. tliree-stdi'\' lu'ick Imildini:. .\ liaseinent is dci-u- 
 pied h\' a jauitdr. The Hi'st tldur cdusists df une rudin, handsdine]\' l'ui-iiished, and used as a jiarloi' 
 and nieeting-nidni. The secdnd lldor is ilivided intd three apai'tinents, consistinu of tdilet, readinir 
 and consultation-rddnis. The third lioor is a large, f'urnislied reioni, useil exelnsively for games. 
 
 Tni-: ^'dr.\(. Mi:\'s IIi:i;i;i:\v Ci.i i;. 
 
 FdV a veai' past the \'dniiL: Men's llcln'cw ('hili has lieen in existence, haxini.' a nieniliei-ship 
 of alidut thirty. The cluh-rddiiis arc li]cate(I at 'Jli l-'ast State street, and are furnished with niiicli 
 taste. One of the distiiiiiiii^hiiii; featni-es df the ehih is the lihr.aiy and I'e.idinLi-rddni. whicliwitli 
 the social features renders ini'inlicrship paiticidai'ly eujdyahle. The tdlldwinu are the dUiceis and 
 coniniittces : President, Samuel Kahn ; \'iee I'resident. I'>ph. I'lild ; Ti-i'asuici-. .\he Sci^icl : Seci'e- 
 tarv, .lacdli Uermard ; Financial Sciaelary. 1 >avid Mandel ; SerL:i'ant-al-.\inis. l)aii lilock : Ildiisc 
 Cdnimittec, E. FuM, 11. l'>ltinL!, .1. l,e\y : l-aitia-taiinnciit ('dunnitlee. 1'. La/.arus. .M. ( iiannliachci-. 
 .1. Kahn; hilirary ( 'dininitti-i', ,M, l-'uld, ('. ('dim, -1. liermaiil ; .Mendiership ('dmmitlee, I ). lUdck. 
 II. Frank. 
 
 Tnio ( '.KTUdi.ic ( 'i,i i;. 
 
 rpdU the twent\'-thii'il (la\' df.\u.i;ust, IS'.M. thi' cdrni-r-sldiie df the ■■('athdiic Chili'' Imiise 
 was laiil. This handsdine structure is sitiiatcil npdii tin' south side df tlie ( huich df the Sacred 
 Heart, and was tlie tir.st huilding ever crceti'd in this city dc\iiti'd exelusi\ely td the sdcial purposes 
 of memhers of that religions organization. 
 
 The clnh-house is a spacious luiilding nf the s.iiiie st\le of architectiii'c as the church. The 
 walls are of grav stone, tin' Ih'oad street facade hcing two.-toi'ics in height, luit upon ( oopcr street 
 thrt-e stories a]i])ear. The copings and window arches arc of clalidiately-carved Indiana limestone. 
 
 .\o w Iw'ork is to hi' seen on the exterior, exceptinu the winddW fiaiiics. .\ wide hall leads tn the 
 
 sjiacions jiarlor and lilirary. .\ liroail vci'anda extends ardiinil tln' iihraiy, wliicli idoin. devdted td 
 literarv pursuits, Cdiitains dpen rircplaccs, with nianti'ls df I'diiipeian livlrk and c:ir\'ed dal<. .\ 
 gx'mnasium, well ecpiippcd in every partii iilar, d<( upies the jdwcr lidor. The second story is 
 devoted to the jiurposcs of a liilliai-d-i'oom, which opens npun aiiolhci- hi-oad Ncranda. Cpoiitliis 
 lloor is a reading- room, toilet and dressing ap;iitinents. .\i-c.ide^ (h\ide these rooms, which are 
 all I'lalioratelv furnished, making the cnlii-c structure one of lliellnest clulehoiises in the southern 
 portion of the Slate. 
 
 Cpoii till' day of the conicr-stoiii' laying, llie llighl IJcNcrciiil Mdiisignciii' .Mel )onnell. df Saint 
 Patrick's Cathedral, New Vurk City, dllicialed in the stead df the late I'.i-liop .M iehael .1. O'Farrell. 
 A parade of all the Catholic so<aetics |irccedcil the exercises. The l.itany was chanted, and the 
 choirs of the Catholic churches reiidci-cd the ■■Cloria" fnnii .Mo/ait's Twelfth .Mass. .\ddresscs 
 were made liv the Rev. Father lld;.^aii and Maxnr I'aniil .1. jlechtcl. 
 
 The ansjiicious corner-stone sei-vice was littingh' commemorated in the dedication of tlic hnild- 
 ing, which oci-urrcd u])on the tenth of Xovcmhcr, 1S!)2. The feature of this ceremony was the 
 address of .lohii . I. Clear\-. of the ■•.\dvei-tiser," to Pisliop ( )' Farrdl. Mr. William . I. Convcry was 
 toaslmastcr. 
 
 The life of the cluhislioth sdcialand intellectual. I )urini: the wintci' and parti<'ularly \ipon 
 •■Ladies' Nights" the Fyceuni Committee a |-rangcs foi' lectures upon historical, political and scieii- 
 tille suhiects, which ari' usually delivered hy promineiit Ti-entoiiians, Indeed, every elforl is made 
 
'2;W THE CITY OF TllENTOX. 
 
 that this dull slimiM lie an attractive and popular feature iii' tiie life of the lueiiihers of the jiarisli. 
 The success of the venture leaves nothing' to V)e desired. The following is the list of odieers of the 
 cluh as at pi-esi'iit constituted: Itev. Thaildeus Hofjan, I'resicU'nt : .John .1. Clearv, |-"irst \'ice 
 I'ri'sident ; Win. .M. .laniicson, Second N'icc Prcsiiient ; Thomas Durnaii. iircoidiii'.' Secretary ; 
 Patrick .\. Durnan. Financial Secretary; Tlionias Oaniphell. Treasurer: !■". -I. 'i'anis. Lihrarian ; 
 Tlionias l)unon, .\ssistant i.ihrarian. The P>oai-d of ( Governors are : Wni. .1. Conviiy. President; 
 F. W. Kcciran, Secretary: !■". .1. P>irt, Daniel Desmond. i[eiu-y .^hd,;^^Lddin. Wilham T. W'aldron, 
 Patrick .M<-I\eever, Henry (raw lord, .lames Newell, 
 
 .\i:\V .1 HUSKY HisldlMCAL SociKTV. 
 
 fpon the seventeenth of May, in the city of Newark, the New Jersey Historical Society, with 
 becoming ceremonies, celebrated its fiftieth anniversary. The illustrious record of a semi-centen- 
 nial during whieli time its large and jiriceless collection of books and mementos of the past have 
 been secured, and its jiublications have been issued, commcniTd in the city of Trenton. The roll 
 of honor, datc<l the twenty-seventh of I'^ibruary. \X\'>, and which was signed in the State t'ajiitol, 
 is as follows: .loscph P. Bradley. Newark ; (Icorge Clinton I'tish. Trenton: l!i'\. Dr. Jonathan 
 Cogswell, New liruhswick : l!iv. Fly !•'. Coolcy, Ticnloii : Pt. Ucv. (leorge i)oaiie. P>urlington : 
 Kichard S. Field, Princeton : Ilein-y W. (iiccn, 'I'ri'iiton ; ,\rcher ( >ilYoi-il. Newark : Thomas (iordon, 
 Trenton: Ivlward Harris, 'I'reiilon : Samuel 1!. Hamilton, Trcutou : Cliailes King, l"]lizabeth ; 
 William P>, Kimii'W .Xew.irk : l!ev. .\aroii .\. Mancllus, l-'icehold : lJe\, Daniel \'. Mrl.ian. I'ree- 
 hold ; Uev. Dr. Nicholas .Murray, Flizalielh : Corllandt I'arkei-, Newark ; Uiv, .Vmlrcw P. Patterson, 
 Princeton ; Charles I,. Pearson. Ti'entou : Stacy (1. Potts. Trenton : .loscph V. Pandolph. Trenton ; 
 \\jHi;im P.. itobcson. Pclvidei-i' : Cliarle> C. Sti'atton, Swedesliorougli : Di'. .lonatlian .1. Spencer, 
 .Moorestown : William .\. Whitehead. .Newai'k. In the inception of the -ncicly. it was designe(l 
 that its meetings should beheld in this city. an<l that its collections should be stoi'ed iu the State 
 Caiiitol. I'-ast .lersev. and parlieulaiU Newark, being moic intci-cslcd in the wni'k of the oigani/a- 
 tion than were Trenton and We^t .lei'scv. the Miciely ^oon becami' pcrmaiu-ntly located on the 
 banks of the Passaic. Since then it lia> ginwii into a most inlhu'Utial institution. 
 
 ,\ rin.i;!!! ( )ia.AM/,A'i io.\s. 
 
 'I'rcnton in athletics foinici'ly occupied a more pinminent place than at present. .\ decade 
 since the national game of base-ball, together with a crickit club lni-gel\' emnposed of English 
 potterv operatives, were phases of the athletic moxcment. To-(Li\. howiver. these associations are 
 mere memories. 'I'he college and pi'ofi'ssional games at Princeton. Philadelphia and New ^'ol•k, 
 with varied attracti<ins, ha\'e renderc(l attempts to make 'i'renton a ceulci- foi- athletic entertainments 
 almost futile. l-'vi'U the ''Trades l.cagues " wile a practical failure Tln' la-t noted event in this 
 I'ilv was till' l'ni\ crsity of Peniisyl\-aiiia-Prini-cton t'ool-ball game, when the ited and Pbie defeated 
 the Orange and Plack. on the I nter-State {''air grouiHb. Thiswa^ in November. I'^'-'l. Whether 
 oi' not the ell'orts to make 'i'rcnton the meeting place belween rival teams will succeeil remains to be 
 seen. The athletic amuscinents which liaxc the slrongot hold upon the eilv are c\'cling and canoe- 
 ing. Tlic latter is especially ]iromineut. owing to the charaetia' n[ the Delaware river, with its near- 
 by " Falls," rapids and smooth. wi<le intervening channel. The ra|)id-transit facilities to boat- 
 houses are also w<irtby of ]iarticular mention, w hilst the low-lying banks of the river alVord facilities 
 for the ea.sy and chea|i erection of club-houses. 
 
 Canok Cubs. 
 
 Canoeing on the I )elaware river owes its origin to the late Will i.im .M. ( '.irter aiic] .'^amuel ( b Fur- 
 man, who lirst paddled their craft through Trenton Falls in 1N7'>. l''or a long time they followcil 
 this diversion, practically alone, and it was not until 1SS4 that tlu' Trenton Cauoe Club cann' into 
 existence. Its founders were William M. Carter, Kobert C. l.ueas. l''i'ederick I'"'. C. Womlward, 
 Frank \\", Siglcr and .iohn .\. (iallavan. and from this lirst organization the history of the present 
 canoe clubs may be traced. Within the next b'W years " unattached '' I'anoeists were to be found 
 u]ion till' river, Imt the social aspects (if thesi)ort soon led to more elTcctivt' organization. The many 
 
TlIK (ITV OF TRENTON. 233 
 
 ii>lvanta};c8 i)f the 1 )rla\\;irc lor this s|iiii1 led tu tlic nr-anizat i' in cil' tlic I'ark Island ('andcinii Asso- 
 ciatiiiu, whicli was inciir])()ratcil -Inly l'-JiI. ISS'.I, with tlir fi)ll(i\\in,i; 'I'rnstri's : I'jlwafd 1). Aniha-SdU, 
 Kllswcirth E. BodZ, HrniyC. Buchanan, .1. Walla<c HofTaiid Ficd. F. ('. WiMidwaid. 'I'lic Bivsidrnl 
 
 I'AHK Isr,AV!) Camp. 
 
 was William M. Carter, and the Srciitaiy and Ti-casni-ci-. William ('. Lawrence. Thenliject nf tie- 
 association is the develii|inicnl and (iilti\:it iuii (if manly s|i<iits. iMniiiL: the suniniei- nf l^Mi. 
 White's. UdW I'ark Island was |inreliaseil, and npun its si intlicni cxii-emity .-i liandsimie el nl i-ln aise, 
 
 MXL 
 
 ' WaII W \n TAY SKI 
 
 re|p|ete with mudia-n c-cmvenicnees. has lieen erected, which was ii|iened u|Min tlic lirst <if .Vu.L;ust, ISHl. 
 In the sprin-r (if IS'.K), the fammi- Canailian war canoe ■• W.ih-wah-lay-see '" was launched Ujion the 
 Delaware river. 
 
234 THE CITY OF TRENTON. 
 
 Tlic AludiKiuin Clvili House, oroctcd at a cost of §3,000, situated on the proposed River Drive, 
 Ix'twecii Cadwahidcr Place and tlie Delaware, was ojiened in December, 1892. Tliis club occupies 
 one of tlu' most coiiiplctt' houses on tlir river, and the club enjoys a representative niembershi]). 
 
 .\t the present time the t'ollowiiiii; canoe eiubs are oriranized : Park Island Canoein"; Associa- 
 tion — .1. P,. .Vjrncw, Pn'sidcut ; R. (i. I.ui'as, \'ice President ; William ('. Lawrence, Secretary- 
 Treasurer. 
 
 Hiawatha Canoe Club — Fraid< W. ,\llaire. Coniniodore : .\lbert I. Ilattersley, Secretary- 
 Tri'asurer. 
 
 Al'.iouiiuin Canoe Club — Fre(l. !'>. \'nrd, ( 'miinioddre ; William Kiikbride, Nice Coniiiiodoii- : 
 E. C. Hill. Purser. 
 
 Tui-: Ti;knton I'"ii:i.1) Ci.tb. 
 
 Ill athletir lifi' on shore, the Trenton l'"ield Club was ori;anizc(l in .luiie. is;)-..!. ll- t^rouuds are 
 located near West Shdi' sti'eet. next to the propei'ty of Isaac (I. i'iehey. lv-i|uire. The cluii-house 
 is a small but well-arranged l>uildini;. ovei'lookinn the base-ball field and the tennis courts. Of the 
 I'lelil dull it mav lie >aid that it is the most <'.\clusive ori;anization of its ty]ii- in the city, and its 
 list of members endiraccs the names of the most fashionable people of the city. Its ofiicers are : 
 President, Fraidc (). Prijf.irs : Vice President. Charles S. \'an Syckel : .Secretary, Charles E. (iuni- 
 mcre ; Treasiu'er, \\'intlirii]i .'■-lailc. 
 
 TiiiO Catholic 'N'orMi .Mi:.\'s .\ssociA-noN. 
 
 The Catliolii- ^'olnlL: .Men's .\ssociation of .^aint .Mary's Cathedral Pai'lsh i> one of (hi- oldest 
 Catholic societies ill Ti'eiitoii. It was first ort;aiii/.ed ill IST'l. under the name of the ^'ollnL: .Men's 
 Catholic Lvceiim. ll was not then a parish or,L;ani/.ation, its membership beinu made up irres[iective 
 of jiarisli lines, Siibscipieiitiv the name was cliaiif;ed to that of the ^'ouiii;' Men's Catholic Associa- 
 tion, and aj^aiii to the Catholic >'iiimii ^li'ii's Association, to avoid the confusion of havinj; the .same 
 initials as the Vouiiji iMc'ii's Christian Association, 'flic objects of the association have V)een and 
 are tile intellectual and moral advancement of its members. There is at ]iresent a membership of 
 about tiftv. The rooms of the society are located at 22 I'^ast State street, and are nicely furnished. 
 Then' is a library of about one thousand vohunes, many of which were ju'esciited by the late l?ishop 
 ()' Farrell. The association has numbered among its incmber.ship many of the leading Catholics of 
 Trenton. 
 
 The ]iresent ofiicers are : President, John P. Dullard : \'ice President. .Tames Mooiiey. .Ir. ; 
 Kecording Secretary Michael Sweeney; I'^inaucial Secretary, .loliii K. Cudy; 'I'rcasurer, P. .J. 
 ClaiK-y. The pastor of Saint Mary's Cathedral has always been (•,i--(ijfiri<i I'resiilcnt. 
 
 Till', Mi:i,'ii;k ('orNi"i- \\"ni:i;i,MK.\. 
 
 The Mercer CoUiitv Wheelmen were oriianized on November b'ltli. ISS'.I, with twiiitv-li ve 
 members. The lirst ofiicers were Charles Perrine. Pre-ideiit : llaiiy I ). I,ea\itt. \'ice Pri'sidi'ut ; 
 .lames C. Tattersall. Secretary. The club lirst had rooms mi .'^outli Warren street, but the membi-r- 
 slii]) soon increased ami they removed to a spacious house at lb* West Front street. This was 
 followe(l by another move in IS'.).") to I'Js .Ninth Warren street, where they remaineil until ]S'.\\_ 
 wiieii the niembershi|i had n^ached the thri'e-hmidrcil mark and they secured the house at 'Jl'.i l'"ast 
 State street, which is adapted in e\cry way to a wheelmen's (|Uarters. This house has been famous 
 as the h<'adi|Uarters of the i.ochiel Club, now disbanded, which met there for a number of years. 
 The building is the old Wilkinson propi^rty. Handsomely furnished thioiighout. the establishment 
 is sustained without gambling nr a biilTet, and is in every respect a model club-house. 
 
 Tlu' ]present ollicers of the club are : J'ri'sidcnt. Postmaster Frank 11. I,ali>r : \'iee Presiilent, 
 Louis i'islier ; Treasurer. I*]. Frank Cabezola ; Financial Secri'tarv. l''lmer .'-^, .\pplegate; Recording 
 Secretary. Frederick Harlow; Cajitain. Thomas W. ( )bert ; IJoard of |)irectors. Howard S. Titus, 
 •lames (J. Lee, Robert \'. Whitehead, (ieorge C. Shick. 'J"he i-lub now numbers three hundred and 
 thirty members, among them some of Trenton's leading citizens, 
 
THE CITY OF TRENTON. 
 
 235 
 
 The Potters' Club. 
 
 Tlic conniiodions clnli-hduse (if tlic Potters' X;itiiiii:il I'nion (iT Aiiin-ica is locntid ;it the jtinc- 
 tiiiii (.r I'crrv street, Clinton and Lincoln avi'nues. The liuililiiii; was |iui-(liasei| li\ the |iott<'rs 
 May Nth, lS!i;!, fi-oni CedrLic \. Packer fur 811.001), undci- Ihc |>riivisions of an act (if Apia! l.Stli, 
 l.S.S!), which was tlie lirst law evia- |i]aced n{iiin the statule-lM.dks cif New .h rsev nndrr \\liicli jahur 
 organizations could hold jiroperty. The eluli-li<iiise was t'drnialh- ii|Hiicd with a haiii|Uct, uiiisical 
 exercises and uther festivities. The lii'st fhmr cdnlains diaiMi' paiiurs and in the icar ai-e ciiniiiiilte(> 
 and reading-rdiiiiis. A [lianu adoi-ns the jiarlors. which are handsunieU fninished. ( In ihc secdiid 
 floor are ni(.'etini;-rdi ii ns and liath-nioni, and im tlie third H mil' arc |iiidl and liillianl t a hies. Li'cl in-cs 
 
 njidn industrial and sdcial suhjccts are iii\-(ai fr tiim- tn time, .and, do theuhdle, the chihdidiise 
 
 has heiai a decided sileeess. It is situated updn the edge df thai |idrtidniif Tienldii knuwiia- Ihc 
 " Staffdrdshire of America," and the liuni of ne,ai--liy trallii- imlicates the |ii-esence of ihnusauils uf 
 skilled and intelligent dina'ativcs. .\t their annual clectidu in .lulv. IS'.l."), the fdllduiuL: dUieeiv 
 were elected : Presidcait. Andrew lilackford ; \'ii'e Presidiait, K. J. Whitelieail ; Itecdrdina Sc( rc- 
 tary, Thomas H. Dennis; Financial .Secretary, \V. Sanford ; Treasurer, .John J). .McCoiiniek. 
 
 
CIlAl'TKK XW 
 
 sK(i;i-:'r s()(ii':'rii':s. oijdkks and oiicani/.a'iioxs. 
 
 Trknton a CiiiiCAT C'kntki! IN riii'. W'liiiK III' Skikkt Sociicties — A r>Hii:K 1!kvi1':\v hi- lin: 
 HisToiiY i)K THE Masons. Oimi 1*'i;i.i.ii\vs. KNii;ins (if Pythias. 1!kii ^Ii:n. Knkuits nv iiiK 
 Golden Kaci.i:. .IrNKn; Okihoi; .\mei;i(AN Meihaniis anu Othei; l!niiii;s — Tin: 1!(i.m.\n 
 Cathdi.ic Societies — Tiii': TiiMrEK.wi k Socii-.iies. 
 
 \ X^^n/ifl -^ '\'\\K niiiiiliii- mill rhaiMctcr of lirr secret societies, oi-ili'i's ami oriiaiiiziitioiis Trenton 
 occn]iies a ili~tiiictive |iositiiiii. 'I'lie ra]iiil LH'owtli of tlie fr.itenial >]iiiit. |iarticularly 
 since the lielieilion. has heeii exeiiiiiHtieil in a reniai-kalile niaiiner within tlie past 
 tew years. There is scarcely a man in Tieiiton who lias .■ittaiiicil his majority ulm 
 is not a menilicr of an ori;ani/catioii of somi' character, he it social, ecclesiastical. 
 ]iolitical or secret. The town has the reiiutation tln'oniihoul the I'liiteil States of 
 lieini;- one of the ui'e.it ciaitcrs of orLranizations, ]iarticularly those of a secret nature. 
 Till- early inti-oilnclion of the Masonic onlcr and the OiM Fellows shows that this 
 spirit was rife in ihe lily when Trenton was little nmi-e than a \-illai;e. Statistics 
 show that if the |iresent rate of niemlieishi|i increases that Trenton, in |iro|iortion to 
 her ]io)iiila1ion, will soon rank anioiii; the lirst lities of the Inion in this matter. A cursory re\iew 
 of this jihase of municiiial life is herewith .niveii. 
 
 The introduction of Free Masonry in New .lei'sey was u|ion the fifth of .lime. l7-'in. when a dis- 
 pensation was firanted to a Provincial (Irand Master of New .lersey. Daniel Conc was the lirst 
 ap]ioiiite<l Provincial (irand .Master of Masons in the New World. 
 
 The (irand l.od.L'c of New Jersey of Ancient l'"ree and .\ccepted Masons was instituted liy a 
 charter from l'"ni;laiid. Decemlier IMli. 17'^li. and meet^ annually in Tieiiton. Tin linn, i)a\id 
 l>rearly, l'"-si|uire, Chief . J ustice of New .lersey, was elected \\'orshi|iful Master: Hon. lioliert I.ettis 
 noo]ier, \'ice President of .\ew Jersey, 1 )epu1y (irand Master; William I.eddle. I"'si|uire, late Iliiih 
 SlieriiV of >rorris cmuity, Senior (irand Waideii : Daniel Marsh, F-^ipiii-e. ilepresentatixc in the 
 Asseiiihly of New Jersey, Junior (irand Warden ; .lolm .Xohle ('immiintj. Hsiptire, late Colonel in 
 tho Army of the I'nited States, (Irand Secretary : Maskell EwIiil:. Jr.. l%si|uire. Clerk of the (leneral 
 AsseniMy of New Jersey. Deputy Crand Secretary; Joshua Corson. F>ipiire. Tliiih SherilV of 
 Hunterdon county, (irand Treasurer. In the next year 'J'renton Lodu'c, No. o, was chartcreil, 
 heiufr incorporated hy (he Lcjiislaturc in IS'id. Those to uhoin the act of incorporation was granted 
 were Thomas Tv. WoodnilT, Charles P>urroUL;hs. Zachariah I'lossell. .lohn Mer-hon and William Ker- 
 wood. From No. ■") liave sprunj; all the otlu'r lodges in this city. 
 
 The otlicr Masonic lodires in this city are Mercer, No. oO, whose warrant was issued January 
 13th, 1.S5S ; Ashlar, No. 7(i, chartered .lanuary ISth. 1S(i(i. and incorporated mi the thirteenth of 
 the following ^lavch ; Column Lodtre, No. PiO, instituted April l-'ith. 1S71 ; l''raternal Lodire, No. 
 130, orgaiii/ed April 27th, 11S7-1 ; Mercer Lodge of Perfection, .\. and .\. Rite, institufed Ajiril 2H(i, 
 1803; Mercer Council of Princes of Jerusalem, A. and .\. Rite, instituted .May I'.ith. ISiil; Trenton 
 Chapter, Rose Croix, instituted April 17th, ISfJ,^ ; Thrcc-Times-Threc Ch.ipter. \o. ■">. Pvoyal Arch 
 
THE CITY OF TUENTON. 237 
 
 Masons, charturcil June lotli, lSr),S ; (Ichal Couiieil, No. ;!, Rnyal ami Select Masters, oruanizeil 
 luuler a (lisjieiisatiiiii Iruiii the (Iraiiil ('(luncilnf Peiiiisylvania, March Kith, 1S(J0; Palestine ('uin- 
 inainlcl'V, Xo. 4, Knights 'r(iii| ihir. ( iKiilcrcil S('|itiiiilHi- 1 1 th, 1S(12. 
 
 The Masonic Mutual l.ilV I nsiiiaiicc Association was oi-^ani/ed Deceiiilier oth, IST-'!, and the 
 Masonic Hall Association. iii(ori)(.ral((l .March 12th, 1^N4, with a ca|.ital stock of Sl()(),()()(), are 
 other phases of Masonic Hfc in tlii> city. 
 
 The Indejiendent ()rdei- of Odd Fellows was trans|jlaiiti'(l from London soil to .\inc>rica in ISlil. 
 
 The (irand l>oil,<:i' of the i ndependi'nt Order of ( )dd Fellows was instituted in the old Masonic 
 Hall, in Front street, on the thii'd of .\uL;ust, IS-'v!, liy Thomas Wildey, the foumlei' of the order 
 in this country, and at thai lime the ( Irand Sii'c of the (irand i^odjfc of the I'nited States. 
 
 The ])arent lod;^(' in this cily, known as 'i'renton. No. .'>, was institnteil .\u.unst .'id, Is;!.'!. 
 .\rter \'arious \-icissitudes llic lodm' is now in a strong' position. The oilier lod;ics in this city ai'c 
 Concordia, No. 4, institnteil l)eccndicr 17th, 1'S;!.'3, which for some nimis owikmI Concordia Hall. 
 .'?:! West State street; Mercer, .\o. :il. instituted Fehruary "ith, ISKi; South Tri'nt>.n, No. :\l\. 
 instituted Fehruary oth, ls)(i; Schiller, No. S(l, instituted .\uuust ;!d, 1S4S -. Chcruskcr. X<.. l')l. 
 
 in.stituted 1S7U ; Fred. D. Stuait, No. lo4. institutccl l),-,i'ml>er I'.ith. ISTO; H ,.. \,,. 211. 
 
 instituted Auiiust :!()th. iss?; Meni. No. 217. 
 
 The Grand Encani|imeut. 1. ( ). ( ). F., of New Jersey, was inslitutiMl Ky .hihn H. Kcnui'dy, 
 Grand Sire, Septendier I'.Hli. 1S4-!. 'fnaiton Encanninient. No. 2, \\:is iiistitutid ( tctoher 2d, lSo7. 
 South Trenton Encani|inient. No. Id. w'as instituted April <itli. ISd'.t. 
 
 Ruth Reliekah. Xo '.) : Canton Capital City. No. •'! ; Tati'laiclis Militant, arc other ()dil l''cllow 
 orsianizations. There is also an Odd Fellows' Funeral Aiil Association anil :i City Trax cliuL;' liclief 
 Committee in tliis order. 
 
 In FS(>4. the Kni,L;hts of I'ythias were orii'anized in W'.ishiiiLiliin. The lod;^cs in this city are 
 Spartacus, No. Id. oru.ini/cd Ajiril '.Hh, ISIi.S ; Hamilton, No. '.M, ornaiiized Xo\emlicr "ith. lS7."i; 
 I'ythias, No. HI, orii.inizcd .\u.uu.st loth, 1S71 ; Trenton, No. liO, organized March Kitli, LS71, ami 
 F.xcclsior Division, No. 11. F. I!. K. of I'., oruanized .Iune21st, ISSC. 
 
 The Improved Order of lied Men was introduced into Trenton hy the forming of Moa.x, Xo. o. 
 on the first of Septemher, 1S.")1 . The remaining: Red Men trihes in this city a i-c the Fncas, No. 102 ; 
 Assanpink. No. S(l ; Iroi|Uois. No. ill!; Oiias, No, lOS ; ()nalaska, .\o. llo. and Indianola Council. 
 No. 7, Degree of Pocahontas. 
 
 The American Protestant Association is re]irescnted hy .John Cal\in Fodirc. Xo. 14. ami .lames 
 A. Cartield Lod.irc. Xo. 17. 
 
 The Knights of the Golden Eagh' were introduced hy Trenton Castle, Xo, 7. since which time 
 Mercer Castle. No, 2:1; Capital Castle, No. 2.S ; Star of I'.ctlilchcni. No. (iS ( (h^rman i. ami Fyric 
 Castle, No. lil), have heeii organized. Xcil lluigess Commamliiy, No. '.(, .iml Mercer Commandcry, 
 No. 6, of Company A, Third J'.attalion, are of the military liranch. There is also Laurel Temple. 
 No. 3, Ladies of the Golden Eagle, 
 
 The .lutiior ( )idcr of 1 nited ,\ ni erica n Mechanics is represented hy v.arious con mi Is in this city. 
 Enter]}rise, No. 0, organized ()ctol>er !Mli, ISC.S, m.arks the initial mo\cniciil. The other councils 
 are >[erccr, No. of); Connnodoiv I'na-y. No. Ml; Xath.in Hale, No. ^'.i ; 'IVcnloii. No. '.10; Century, 
 Xo. 100; Rutherford I'.. Hayes, No. I |:'. ; liutcd States, Xo. I Hi; Pride of Trenton Council, 
 Datightcrs of l.ihcrty ; Capit.al City, Xo. 20; Mizpah. No. 2Ci. .and Pride of Natli.in Hale Council, 
 Xo. 2!). 
 
 The Patriotic Order Sons of .Vmcrica has the followin- W.i>liin-lon camps in this city ; Xo. li. 
 No. 7, No, 14, No, 1 7, 
 
 The Knights of Saint .lohn and .Malta arc resprcseiited hy the ( 'leiu- dc Lion JMicampmcnt, .No, 
 1(1, witli which there is a drill corps. 
 
 The Sons of Saint George have a District Lodge of Mercer <-oun1y. The lodges in Trenton are 
 Chatham, No. 13fi : Pvoyal Oak, Xo. 3(i ; Sir Charles Xapier, Xo. 33; Victoria, Xo. 1, I. O. 
 Daughters of Saint George. 
 
 The National Union in Trenton has Four councils. Trenton. .Xo. 3ll) ; Mercer, Xo. 404 ; .)ohn 
 A. Koehling, No. 50") ; .Moiniment, No. ").')(). 
 
 Among other secret societies re|)reseiiti'd in this city arc the Royal .\rcaimm. Ancient Order 
 of Shejiherds, Ancient Order Fnited Workmen, Ancient Order of Foresters, Rrotherhood of tile 
 
23S TlIK (ITY OK TltKN'I'oN. 
 
 Union, Order of Chosen Friends, Order of the (iolden (liaiii. Sexennial T.eaL'ue. Tlieatrieal 
 Mechanies' Association and Iini)n>ved OhUt of lleiitasoplis. 
 
 The (irand Aniiv of tlie Itepnhlie was instituteil in 'I'rcnluu uimn the tliirty-lirst of OetohtT, 
 l.S(i7. The first ])ost ere<'ted was ]>ayanl. No. S. Tlie petitioners for this ]iost were James S. 
 Kiir<r, l'"raneis ('. lioherson. William \\". L. I'hilliiis. -lohn W. Ihnwn. James IT. ComiriL's. (lahriel 
 Ten llroeek. Ahramti. Staats, Ivlward M. Anderson, Jolm 11. .\llen, Ivli^ar W'hittaker. In honor 
 of a <listin;ruished soldier, Aaron Wilkes I'ost, No. 2-'>, has since hei'ii oruanized. 
 
 There are twn camps of Sons of N'eterans, Ferd. \'. Dayton. No. o. and (ieneral liidiaid A. 
 Donnellv, No. 21. with the .\anjn Wilkes Wonu n's lidief Corps, No. 7. 
 
 The lahor oi'fianizations in Trenton are represented by the Potters' National I'nion of America, 
 Throwers' and Handlers' .Association. Jitr.irennen's Association, Sanitary I'ressers' Protective Asso- 
 ciation, all representin.Lr various ))hases of the pottery industi'v. Thert' are also 'I'renton Lodjre, No. 
 ;JS, Urotherhodd of Railroad Trainmen ; Washinjiton A. Hoehling Lodi^e, No. o7-'>, 15rotherhooil of 
 Locomotive Kniri niters ; Trenton Lodiie, No. 25o, Brotherhood of Locomotive Firemen; Trenton 
 Typofrraphical I'nion. No. 71, and the Hricklayers" and Plasterers' Association. 
 
 The political oruanizations of tlu' city include the Democratic TjcaL'ue, Repnhlican Clnh. (ier- 
 mania I'epulilican ('Inh. .Inmcs I'^ury Democratic .\ssociation. Si.xth Ward Hepuhlican Association, 
 Fourth Ward KepuKliean Cluh, Chamliei-sliuri; licpuMican Leayue, Seventh W,ii-d liepuhlican Cluh, 
 Merci'r County Democratic Cluh. 
 
 The Saint Patrick's Alliance of .Vmerica. which is not. as many su|iposc. a Pouian Catholic 
 society, liut which is an orirani/ation of men of li'ish hii'tli or pnreiitaLrc. has in Ti'entoii Pranclies 1, 
 2. 4, •"), under the supervision of District No. 7. 
 
 Of the Roman Catholic societies, the .\neient < )rder of 1 liliirni.ins. (prirani/.eil in Trenton in 
 1S71, has in this city live divisions under the County lioanl. The Saint N'iiu'ent de Paul .'Society 
 sustains a Pai-ticular Council with Saint Mary's Conferenec, Saint John'> Conference (Sacred Heart 
 )iarish). Our Lady of Lourdes' Conference and Saint Jose])h"s Contereni <■. The Catholic ]?cnevolent 
 Lcfrion is represented hy l-"atliei- .Mackin Council, No. 7<) : \'ery lev. .\iitliony Smith Council, No. 
 2S7 : Father Otto Keejian Council, No. .".ot). ( )f the hcueficial societies there are Saint Anthony's, 
 Saint Jose])irs, .'-laint Francis, Saint> Petei' and Paul (Slavish ) and P>avarian. Of the temperance 
 oruani/.ations there art' the Younjr Glen's Total Ahstinence LeajiUe, with cadet^. anil the .\ mi uncial ion 
 (women's) ."Society. .Vmonu' the rcm.'iiniuj: ortr.ani/.ations in the city arc the Catholic Voiniji Men's 
 .\ssociatiou of Saint Mary's Cathedral, Saint Jose|)h's Lyceinn, Saint Mary's Cadets, Saint Francis 
 Pioneer Corps, Holy Cross Society, Saint l-'lorian .Military Society and Saint Stanislaus Society. 
 
 .\moni.' the social organizations are the liroadway ( 'luh. Tuscarora Cluh, Delaware Chih, Kcleetic 
 (lull, F. L. Nitz Chill, Tn and Out Clnh. .Millli.im Cluh. .\. 1,. Wcldy As,<ociation and the Capital 
 Chill, the latter heini: a leadini.' organization of .\fro-.\merieans. 
 
 The temperance oriranizations in the city of Ti-iiitoii cluster largely ahout the work of the 
 Woman's Christian Tem]icranee Union .\'o. 1, which was organized in N<ivemlier, LS7(). Since 
 that timi- three other hranehes have hecu instituted. Thi' woi'k which ha-; hein done in this con- 
 nection has lieen of the greatest good to the city, not only in the specific ohjet-t of the Union, hut 
 likewisi' in various charities. The Union Library and meeting-rooms arc the monuments which have 
 been raised in this cause. 
 
 Around the name of Henry R. Howell, who with intiexible determination has always fought 
 valiantly under a Temperance banner, the early history of the tein]ieranec movcnu'Ut in Trenton is 
 inscribed. The editor of the " Iteformcr " for live vears, .Mi', llowill urged in the early liftics a 
 cause which was then unjioiuilar. In ISM, Meicrr Division of the Sons of Tciuiieranee, a secret 
 beneficial order, paved tlie way for latiM- cITorts. On .March ISth. IS.')], j-lxeclsior Division, No. 4, 
 was organized, which included on its roll of members the most prominent Ti-eiitonians of the period. 
 From the Excelsior Division grew the "■ Heforiner " and the " .\cw .lersey Temperance Advocate," 
 and for many years it was an active organization. 
 
 Within the i)ast few years the temiierancc movement in Tniilou has grown slowly, but none the 
 less surely. Those interested in the work liave taken up other philanthropic lines, and these, in 
 connection with the temperance cause [icr .■«', liave now the sympathy of the liberal portion of the 
 communitv. 
 
CllAl'TEK XX L\, 
 
 TIIK I'lJl'.SS OK THE CITY OF 'I'ltKNToN. 
 
 'I'm: l'inM;i:i!s — Tin: I.aii:!; 1'.\pi:i;s ami 1111:11; Imhtuks — 'I'm: I )i:\i:i,iii'\ij:.\ r di- •rm; I.uiai. 
 
 l'ui:ss — 'riijc Xkwsi'ai'khs di' 'rii-i)AV. 
 
 POX tlir fcMirth (if M;in-li. l?;^^. the lirsl ii(\v-|iM|i.r |.uMi,<lir,| in tln' S(;itc. Isaac 
 Collins' ■'Xi'W -IiTsi'V ( la/,i'tti'. " was rcim i\cil ti 1 'ri-ciitdii. 'I'Ih- jniiinal liad liccii 
 estalilislicd ill liurliniituii ('itv (iurinii tlir |iir\i(iii- I )irciiili(i'. The piinlinL; ullii-c 
 
 was j.icatrd n\, tlir (•(inicv uf State ami IIvckmI street. llie Park ItdW df this city — 
 
 ami whilst there Idcaled the '■(lazette" eiijdyeil dlHeial | lat rdiiatii '. am 1 was in I'ael 
 ci] the indiith|iieee dl' William Li\im:stdn, the | lal lidt ( id\ crmir df the l!e\d!utidn. 
 Owillj;' to ill.sliHieienI ]jatrdiiaL;i' the iia|ier was ilisedntiiiiieil in Xdveiiiher, \~S(',, 
 
 Early in the siiiinner df IT'S?, the ■■ |>'i'i|iMal I'ust di- the Trciitdii W'l-ekly 
 
 Mercury" was lirst issueil mi Warren >trei>t. in'arly d|iiHi<ite Saint .Michael's 
 
 Chiireh. In cdnser|iieiice df a scarcity df iiapia- in ( )ctdher, 17'SS, its size was 
 
 reihiced. and it was issued senii-wt'ekly. It later iK't'auie a weekly, and sddii thercat'ti'r its career 
 
 was terminated. 
 
 From the contrihutioiis of the lati' .rdhii I ». riaiiin. the followiim- outline has lieeii ahridired : 
 The '• Tnio .Vnierican " heuaii its career in Marcli, ISOl. heint! issued hy .Matthias I)ay ami 
 .lacdh Mann. rpmi the entrance intd the ]iartners]ii]i of ex-Seiiatdr .hinies .1. Wilsdii, Mr. Day 
 retired, and in ISO.'! Mr. Mann also dissdhi'd Ins cdiincctidn with the ririii, and iinlil 1 S 1 I the 
 )ia|ier was jmhlishcd hy Wilsnii iV lllackwcIL ]Mr. Wil-dii then cdntinued the |ia|ier until his 
 death. .\ ft cr dt her chant;! 'S in dw iiershiii the " True .Vineric-in " was |Mircliased hy ( Icdi'iic Sherinan. 
 df the --Statc' (iuzette," and was discontimuMl. Within a shorl tinie (he |,a|icr was again issuc(l, and 
 after various chan.L'cs ])asscd into llic hands of .Morris li. liainillon, now State Lihrarian. In \Sy>2, 
 the ■■ True .\nieriean " hecaine the |ird|iert \- uf e.\-. indue |)a\id Naar, with I'lanklin S. .Mills n,.; 
 associate editdr. In ISCiC. it was |iiircliaseil hy Moses |). Naar, .lushna S. Day and .losejih L. Xaar, 
 will) issiieil it from the I'orner of State and llroad streets. .Mr. .Idse|)h 1,. Naar sul)sc(|tiently hccaine 
 the dwncr. and under his editd|-slii|i the journal has hceii issued finni the c-drm>r of State ami llroad 
 streets, in the Eincolii lluildiiiL;-. and frdin its present thdrdiii:hly-e(|ui|i|icd ollice on .North Warren 
 street. L'nder .Mr. Xaar the ]i.a|jer h.as hecdine nietro|idlitan in its features. 
 
 An attempt was made in I'^'Jl. hy ex-.)ustice of the Su|ireine Court .'^lacy (1. I'dtts and .Idsc]ih 
 Justice, State Printer, to puhlish a relii;ious and literary pajicr. This was the " lMn|ioriimi." Its 
 jitihlication otlicc was on .Nurth Warren street, d|ipdsite West Ilamiver, It was ccmtiniu'd as a 
 literary pa)ier until ISl'7, when it Iddk •^ides with the adininislralidn, .and came diit as a .lackson 
 sheet. 
 
 .Mr. I'dtts Cdntinued to edit the paper until ix.".(t, when. KciiiL; ap|>ointed, hy the .Toint Meeting'. 
 Clerk in Chancery, his eoimectidii with the |i.i|ier was dissdlveil, after which time Mr. .luslice was 
 the piihlisher and i)roprietor, and .lose)ili C. Potts editor. On the twenly-cij:hth of .\uLMist, L'^oS. a 
 tri-weekly jtaper was commencc(l hy .J()se[ih .luslice. .Jr.. and l'"ranklin S. .Mills, for eleetioneeriiiLT 
 
210 
 
 TllK CITY OF TltK.NTOX. 
 
 |uir]ii>scs. Its ))ulilicatinn \v;is continued until tiic liL'litli nf Octnlur oi' the same year, wlien, liavinfr 
 liillilkil its mission, it was iliscontinucd. 
 
 The '■ 'I'lcnlun Daily" lived for live months in the winter of ls;i'.)-4(). Tliis was the first 
 attempt to found a daily orf^an in this city. In 1S48, a eam])aijrii sheet, the •" Democrat I'nion," 
 was essayed. In tiie latter year the " lMn|iorium "' ])assed into the hands of .lose])h A. Yard, and 
 later it was consolidated with the ••Newark Mornini.' Post."" 
 
 {"^•om IS}.") to 1S4"). I''ranklin S. ^lills conducted the ''Sheet Anilim-."' which was |iui>hased 
 liv I'volicrt (Jossman, and the title chauiicd to the "Trenton Journal." 
 
 Another attein|i| to estahli>li a daily paper was made in \x\i'i. when the " News'" was issucil 
 from the '■Journal" oliice. The "News " was sdun merireil into the " iMnjiorium." 
 
 In INl"). the opposition tn momipulio. and particularly to the -loint Companies, led .loscph ('. 
 I'litts and .IdlniC. Wclistci' to cduimencc the pnlilicatiim (.f the "Plain Dealer.'" an anli-monopuly 
 iiaper. This. too. was merged into the " Fnipni-iuin." 
 
 Peter Lott anil H. F. \'aneleve puMisheil, in lN-">.')Mnd \X-'>i>. " The .\ri;ns." a Denioeratii- ])a])er. 
 The temperance movement of the early fni'lies, (Hie of tln' iiianifestatiuns df that reniaikahle ]ji-rioil, 
 led til the pnlilicatiim. in \X\-k nf the " New .ler>ey 'i'eniperanee lle|-ald." Its life was short. 
 
 In l"^!!. Charles W . .lav puMished the "Clav IJaunei'." whieli papei'. a^ its name import-^, was 
 started to advance the interests of llenr\- Clay I'm- the PresidencN' uf the I'liite 1 State-, in i ijipositii m 
 to James K. Polk. 
 
 In 1S-|S^ Chaile~ W. .lay. l-"i-anklin S. Mill-, and .Inseph .Instice. .Ii-., ciimnicnced the piiMiea- 
 tion of a paper called the " Trentonian." which was issued frmii the l.incuhi lIuildiiiL;-. at State 
 and Proad streets. It is wm-thy of i-cmaik that fur nearly three-fciuiths uf a century this coriU'r has 
 liecu used as a literary deput. IIei-e. in ISOS. l>aacCullin> i-sued his niemuralile edition of the 
 Pi Me. one I if the must ciirrect editiuns e\ei- pulili>lie<l. The " Tientuniau "' ceased til exist in 1S51. 
 
 .lames S. ^"aril. in IS-Ki, launched the " W'eekK' X'isitui- and New .lerse\' Temperance Sentinel." 
 It was conducted liv various meiidiers uf the fannlv fur live veais. 
 
 IIciu'v P.. Howell, the most distin;.iiiished of Trentiin- ad\ licates uf tcmpei:ince. ill 1 >>.")■_; cuni- 
 meiieed the monthly " Pcfurnier and New .lerse\- TcmpcraMcc .\d\ucate.'" 
 
 Durini.' the cam|iaii;n of I ^"i^. Charles W. .I.iy puMi^heil the " Pepulilican Pri\ateer,"" hut, 
 after the election uf Mr. Pierce til the Proidenew the paper was di>cunt iiiued. 
 
 In lS-")-t, James S. Di-.ike. uf Flizalieth. New .lerscy. euimiieuccd the puhlicatiun uf the " Mercer 
 Standard"' as a weekly papei-. 
 
 In l>i")'i. I'aiiich 1!. ISui'dcn issued a weekly p.a per called the " I'^rcc Prc-s,"" It wa^ puhlislied 
 at No. 'il Fast State street, fuurth stury. uver the " Pefurmer" ullice. 
 
 In I'cliruary. ixi'il. I )ursey ( lai'duer cummenci'd the puhlicatiun uf the "Munilui-." Its puh- 
 licatiun was continued .ahout one year and a half. x\ hen it was suspeudi'd. 
 
 In IMio. Charles W. .lay started the " X'uluiiteer," which was printed at the " .Munitor" oliice. 
 This was a campaiuui pa|ier. and aftei' ha\ inir accuniplished it- ndssiun it Keeame defunct. 
 
 In l>;('ifi, Charles W. .lay initiated the weekly " Cuiun Sentinel." which hecame tin- "Daily 
 Sentinel" in \S~{), This latter oriran pas.-.ed inlu the hands uf .lacuh I!. l'"reese. 
 
 I'-x-Maym- .luhn Priest started the " I'anpurium " in l>^Ci7. which has successively liceii issued 
 fniUL the corner of Hanover and Warren streets, from Fa-I State street next tu the Slireve liuildin.j', 
 and within the past twu years, under ulher manau'ement. fi'uni West State street. u|ipusite the Trust 
 Company's huildinir. Tu this periml heluULiS the " Puhlic ( )piniun."' a leading paper uf its day. 
 
 " Heecher"s Maira/.iue " was cunMncnced in IST'l. and was. while it la-^tcd. an inlluential puhli- 
 cation. It was devoted to literary and scientillc matters. 
 
 The "New Jersey Staats Jonrnal"" was and is ;i weekly paper pnlilished hy Culuncl l-'rncst C. 
 Staid. I'"or a time tjie " Weekly Sentinel,"" a journal devuted tu the inlere-ts uf the nejiro raci', was 
 edited hy I!. Ilem'i lU'rlicrt. In 1S7>! William P. Miiwer"s " l'"amilv .Mai:azine" was a venture 
 which later hecame tmprolitalile. In ISS^ the " Trentuii Times."" a liriLrht and altracti\-e daily, was 
 issued and, after various ownerships, is imw the only aflci-noon pa|ier of the city. Within the past 
 ten years the daily and Sunday " Press "" and " I']x]iress "" w ere newcumers in the tield uf jom'ualisiu. 
 The oidy Sunday paper in the city is the ''.\dvertiser," now issued fi-om •'!•'! West Slate street. It^ 
 uwuers, who have made it a metrupulitan paper, are Thuuias 1'". l^'il/.ticrald. -luhii J. Cleary and 
 
Till-; rirv of tuknton. 
 
 'J 11 
 
 Charles H. Levy. "Tlie Signal," the organ nf the Slatr Schools, was iiislihilcil in ()<'tiilicr, issn, 
 and lias since had a enntinuous existence. 
 
 In 1873 the (Icnianils (if the pcojilc (if ('hanilicrslmi-g lc(| tutiic cstalih'shnicnt (if tiic ".Mercer 
 County News," whit-li also issued an editidU in .Vllentdwn, New .Ici'scx-, called tiie "Times." The 
 papers were consolidated. Its editor im the (iccasidu of its lii'st issue was .hihii W. IMoodv. The 
 "News" is now managed hy l''lliott('. Moody. 
 
 Trenton has had a representative in the field of social journalism. " Town Tojiics" was estah- 
 lished hy Harry Donnelly, in isni. It \vas succeeded liy ■'Town Talk," whieii was sueecssivelv 
 owned hy George Holeom he and ("iiarles Uarcalow. 
 
 Within the past few yeai's iinmei'ous clnu'ch and olhei- oi'gani/.aiions liaAC issued fugiti\-e papers, 
 none of which have beeonie of a permanent cliai-act(a-. 
 
 'i'he Lalior interests of the city are represented hy the weekly '' I'ottei's' .hnn-nal ;" this siieet 
 and the I'aterson " Standard " ai'e tlie only distinctive lahoi- papers in the State. 
 
 The following is a list of the p.i pel's piililished ill Trenton during tlie present \-ear : 
 
 "State (iazette" — Daily and weekly. Weekly on Thursday. Ilcpiil.licaii. The .hilm h. 
 Murphy I'uhlishing Co. , proprietors, 'i'homas Holmes, eilitor. 
 
 " True American " — i>ailyaiid weekly. Weekly on I'^iidax'. I )eiiiociatic. .lo>epli L. N'aar. 
 editor and proprit'tor. 
 
 "TheTreiiton Evening Times'" — .\ftcrnoon and weekly. Weik-1\ (in Thnrsilaw I )emoci-afic. 
 The "Times" Assoeiatioii, pulili,~her. Chailes W. Smith, editor. 
 
 " The New . Jersey Staats .loiniial" ( ( leriuan ) — Semi-w ickly. I )ei i.-itic. |-aiiest ('.Staid, 
 
 editor and ]iro]irietoi'. 
 
 "Sunday .Xdvertiser" — Weekly, on Sunday. independent. .\il\ crliser I'lililishing ( 'o. 
 
 "fiercer ('ounty News" — Weekly, on \\'e(lnes(lay. Independent. K. <i. .Mo(id\', editor and 
 puhlisher. 
 
 ".\nierican Potters' .lournal " — Weekly, on Saturday. In the interest of (irgani/,e(l lahor. 
 .Tohn 1). MeCormick, e(litoraiid puMislici-. 
 
 "The Signal"— .Monthly. The ollicial organ of the State Noiiiial and .Model Schools. I':dite(l 
 hy the students. 
 
 "The Silent Worker," edited l.y the students of tlie Stale Deaf- .Mute School. 
 
 "The Mercer Review" — Weekly. Cor. Uroad and Front streets. 
 
 "Trenton Freie Zeitung" — We(hies(lay and Saturday. IJenedict I'l-icth. proprietor; Charles 
 Weidel, manager. 
 
 ^1^ Ti^V ''^' . 
 
CHAPTKK .\XX. 
 
 '■STATK CA/riTi:." TKKN'IOX, X. .1. 
 A P.iincK Ski:ic n lU' ■riiio Si;((imi Oliu'.si' .Nkwsi'ai'ki; in .\'i:w .Ikksicv. 
 
 1I1''X a iic\vs]ia]iii- lix'fs mure tliaii a rciituvv. ami iluriiiL; tliat time iiirrcascs in 
 viiriir. it is wdrlliy nl' niciitinn. Svu'li instances of jmnniaiistie lonfrcvitv are 
 rare, Iml tlie Siaii-: ( 1 Azirr'no is une Immlred ami three years old, anil stands 
 tn-dav iiide|ieiident an<l | n'l is|ienius mi it- merit as a newspaper. 
 
 'I'lie story 111" the funiidatiun and di'velojiment 'if this newsjiajier is !l l)it of 
 ehi-oiniIiii;y that Trentonians and tiiose New Jersey citizens under whose eyes 
 tiiese \\]]v!i may lall. will liiid interestinsi. and. in a dcu'ree, insti'Uctive. 
 
 Xew Jersey lioasted in early times of three "(lazettes." The (irst was 
 cstahlisheil liy Isaac Collins, in linrlinuton, in 1777, and removed to 'i'l-eiiton 
 ill tlie fiiUi i\\ iiii; s|iriiiir. In those davs leaders wi'i'e imt in fashion: nearly 
 all the rcadina matter was finuiished liy voluntary lontrihutors. Isaac Culhns. the fmuider of 
 that "(iazette," was an adniirahle ]innter. and his |ia|jer occu|iicil hiiih rank aiiionii- the journals 
 of the day, many well-known men contrilmtini; to its cohmins. Some ten years later. Frederick 
 ('. (im'c(iucllc and (leori;!- M. Wilson cstahlisheil a |ia|icr, which was |inlilished. as a]ii)ears iiy 
 the title, in i''roiit -treet, o|i|io>ite the l'ji!.dish ('hnr<li. Xo rerurd nf thi> paper exists. All that 
 is known is. that it was sui'ceeded hy the ( iAZK'i'Ti:, which still li\c>. and has heen puhli.shcd 
 witliout intermission since the fourth of Scptcmher, 17'.I2. Mi'. Matthias Day. who issued the tirsl 
 numlicr of the St.vtk (i.AzicrrK -\.nii Xiow Ji;hsi:v .\ii\-i:i(||si;h, was a practical printer, and turned 
 out a very neat, super-royal sheet in hrc\ier and minion type, which contained a fair proportion of 
 readinji matter, consisting of news from ICurope. where nearly all tlie powers were then wai;in.ir war 
 ajiainst France. In 17!)'J, (leorfre Sherman and John Mershon hotiuht the (J.vzktii: and cliant.'ed its 
 name to the X'icw Jkrsey Static (iAziCTTi:, while Mr. Day, after a hrief ex|iericncc in a p.apcr called 
 the " True American," was aji])oin1cd I'ostmaster at Newark, and later in life estahlished himself 
 in husiness as a i>ul>lisher in New ^'ll|■k. (h'ortic Sherman was a nicmlicr of the family to which 
 Roger Sherman and other [iromiiicnt ]iulilic men in Coimecticut heloimed, and. after a fair, 
 common-school education, scrveil his time as an a}iprentice in New Haven with Thomas (ireeii, on 
 the " I'onneeticut Journal," (irecii iiciiiL' a mcmher of the celehrated family which had jtroduced 
 nuister jirintcrs for Massacliusetts and Connectient for live successive jrenerations. (;eori;e Sherman 
 was a mcmher of the Society of I'^rieiids. a careful editor, never jiuttiim- forth any statement of the 
 truth of which he was not convinced. lie wmte articles more uotaMc for weii^ht. decided opinions 
 and lixed ]irineiples than for their Iciiiith. Ilavint;- opinions and |iriiiciples, as the (iAZKrTi; of 
 to-day, he defended them with force, and sometimes as]ierity, that made him always an unjileasant, 
 though not a danLrerous, opjionent. His jiartner, .lohn Mershon. was a jiractical i)rinter and a man 
 of some ahility, and continued a mcmher of the linn until lS()-i, and died in ]XOl>. The disin- 
 clination of the conductor of the (Iazkttk. to enter into liilti'r |iarlisanshiii (lisa]i])ointeil the radical 
 Federalists of the day, a day of great partisan strife — a strife fiercer than we have kiiowii since 
 nntil our Kehellion — and iiromimnt mcmhers of the party determined to estalilish a lU'W ]iaper 
 "i)l>posite J. Milnor's store." 
 
Uetojfcrfe^ g>tate #a^ctte* 
 
 TRENTON— PRINTED BY SHLRM.\N is" MERSHON. AT TII£ OFFICE FORMERLY OCCUriED B" M. DAT. 
 
 VOLOME I.] 
 
 TUESDAY, March 12, 1799. 
 
 [Number 2. 
 
 TO T^E PUBLIC. 
 
 THE STATE GAZETTE. W^. oF bn 
 Tutfd.y (No. 5,81 complttcd Gx yen ind t. 
 nofilbi from 111 firft publication bj the (uijfcr. 
 b<r, dcring wb^h time he cndcavoicd lO mike il 
 «tl iifeful vehicle of mfomntion ; «nd if ihe "e'T 
 liheril fupporC and <itciiri«c uiculition \*Kh it 
 obUionl •ill be illowed M piouf of .ii beinj; 
 fuch, he focMeded — roore b«.ng circuliled wmL 
 ly th»n of aft^ other paper in the tt»l«. He hi- 
 *ing now relinquifhtd the puWiciiion of il lO f» 
 »of of MefTr.. Shtrman 'jf MtrjlKii, beg* leave ^.^ 
 tjcommend idem lo hii fuend* tnd former cut 
 iLiincrs, at pcifoc* OfU cilculiicd to condutl ihe 
 bgfineit — boih biiog r<yu/j/ iMt/prinlen. 
 
 In (jkiog lc»»e of hit pationi, (Juty. a* «ell a" 
 
 0/Mr. Bowe\-. ci 
 
 />J>' o/" GfifTlR. 
 
 Camfanj at ibt . 
 
 nclin 
 
 It him 
 
 the I 
 
 y favors he has reeelTed, and to affuTe (hem ihs' 
 Ihey Ihallevci haft a grateful rcmenibraoce io hti 
 
 tma. 
 
 Aa he will le^veTfcninnthe id of Ap'il.tlie 
 ■cccffiTT of • fcttlement <^f hiB book a is obnom- 
 He, iherefore. cafia oo all prrfoni who are in- 
 dcbKd to hia> to tnake payment pretioo* to thai 
 lime, and all 'ho hare detnandt againft hiCQ to 
 preftnt iK*ir iccotinl* for (ettlemenl. 
 
 T>ie»cco'jnt|nr.hore fubkeberi *l.ofe pipeti 
 g.> bj PoU Of tHe Mill, will he forwataed !o tlit 
 p3^-Let maAeii, with whom ihty are lequefled to 
 
 CT* Perfcna with »*S«At fobfctiplipTi p»pee- 
 ftir iH^oflavoed.iitnof the Li«t of Ne*-Jfr 
 fe» have b*efi InOge''. are re^uefled lo retiiin ihi 
 na'meiof the fubknbe'i hf the lift) of April, 3 
 it iicipcSf I the worlt will be put to prcfi fom' 
 ijiBe iQ that month. 
 
 MATTHIAS DAY. 
 Trenton, Mjrch .v. tTOQ- 
 
 THE S^Sfctlbcri (efpeafgllf inform the 
 P.ibl.r. th»t they hive purchafed of Mi 
 M»ttwi««'D»». hia light to the A't-w-yu-fey 
 A** GoTitt^', aad propnfe to continue the pubic 
 onion oatWe »U>*\ C-Jidi'lonn. The vjrlou* 
 Kr^cnel of rtititmg will *ir.> be eiecuted with 
 CJeln)^ jrn) Afpjuh. .nd >»ii.j- regul^iily (JiicM- 
 <d. In ihc Alt, they hope, bv in.iiifti)' and Mieo- 
 thii»,.ta merit fome :hare of the ptSlic patronage, 
 
 ArjlUTftefltitci enforce the utility of Ncwi.pa- 
 po-i, when cflfldiifled on joft and hono«ablc pnn. 
 (iplcv. aie weilaioly notKceffa'y al the pitfcol 
 J«T — Th« very ConAitulioB under which wt live, 
 fltnngly imp'tlTet the nit*; for il ii invp-vflrble 
 \o ftfi the- bMCngi fecuTcd to ui by ihai Chinc-i 
 aad tin ixnoian^, (hat in proporbon •■ pcilitii:*' 
 kooivl«lge i« J^tfiifed amonj [he people, tht (Jo 
 vernmcnt will find fiifTJiirt ^d tfie Ciliieo be 
 h»Tif.», A* it refpeflt (*ie Grneial Goveii 
 tti* pFftjJe who compofe the UmleJ Slat 
 dilf.-vcnlly fiii.Dted from lhoJ"« of mofl 
 dburiifiri— Heie each mdivldiial fnrTit ■ | 
 ilrr [jrnttil whole— The Go'etnmeiiT wti the 
 ffCiM rifhiifrcT choice, Mid chtoii^h hiin it wta 
 ^jlleJ inro eiiilencr, Ke mberefoir boiuid by thi 
 flfoo^Jll lio .if duly, .in.t of ifitefelt, to fuppor 
 ilir initiiDiir>n— hrnterafiikt'tlte glonoua fy(le« 
 '•i il^^', jW Daiin. 
 
 It I* iirml fni piinie'i i^f N'ewt pujirm, in ihti 
 fiTll piib!ica:iori», in fay fnrneihing of the marmti 
 11 I'hKh iliey iife trr be tondutied, and (he pnn 
 t'plrt whirt will thanflerJie ibem ; bul d<'cl>ia 
 tlrtw« flf ll>;»inttir/, fro-n fom^ eaufc or oihet 
 fcer« of Ure l<t tn.e Infr much of ih.l lA^td 
 i»h'ch thry •n^'ni xn bj.-« mjint a. ncd, »fi..l rr.i 
 faiih ap[«ari rnw to b» creaied bf ihe^/jf wrt 
 \),»n (I.« pn,*K—'- Ji, ihiir dtah Jbi!l ,t in 
 ifim t" Ku{ alibiHigh *t mufi ultimjtcly depend 
 iiflon the public paitonige for the e»iftence of 
 our puhlicnff n. y,t, (>erh»pt, at tliii i^iCa, it may 
 t.ol be innprDptr f" list*, ihit the Poliiict of the 
 h'rrv-Jrrfry Slat, G.i'^tltr.(i\i\\b»r trulff KiOaaiL 
 •"d AmisiCah, »n.l lh»[ the Conlliiimon ind 
 Government 'if i>,e United Statei will ever (ae«t 
 with itj decided luppnrt. 
 
 CEOnc:". SI'F.flMAN. 
 JOHNMERSHON. 
 
 fenl Subfttibera, unlcfi olherwife ordered, o 
 fame cooiliifont ai herctoroir— Two Dollar 
 Ann. payable quarterly, wilU ilie iifual a 
 af-eft4th(ife whilcalUt the office fur ihei 
 
 pr'i, rr m-rivr them 'jyMail. 
 
 A D D R t S S 
 iiE\-. en / V t^-imng of th B\rth 
 Washington, t» iht 
 
 hn Mufium. 
 
 RlSPECTBD jU'DUNCEt 
 TO ilnrlvalled rw^rif and incomparaMe vj>- 
 ut, wf pay the volunury tiibutc of atlmira- 
 ion md spplaufe. Ttie contemplaiion (.f a 
 p^rfe^ charailcr ; — of a charjflcr, iti whof.; 
 iimpofition arc i-ombined all ihatis cff'^t ■ind 
 'iio>\ — thcbeft and nobis principles of liumaii 
 ijturc in their pure and uiicorruptcd Raie of 
 Kccllercc.altbrflsthetr.oH important iiilUut- 
 tion inJ the richcfl delight. Wltilc we ren- 
 der our homage, let ui endeavour 10 imliatc — 
 md though we maybL' unable to tqiml ihc ei- 
 amplc, excri all our abilities 10 TtftmbU,\n 
 forne cle™:ed degree, the Htr: and Sf.iuf>:nin 
 Sjgr 2nd Pair t^r, wliofe nativicy «c jre 
 alTembleJ to celebrate. 
 
 On tSis aufpicioti anniverfar?, wccsnnot 
 avoid i recoricncc to the feelings & principle- 
 ■hich produced, progrclTcd and coniplMCed, 
 ic Iiiicpe'idrnef.i/' jlmfici. — Nat .llolic 
 f.Jiivr mirth and jaytut einor.-.fuhtun, bu 
 fralffu! ofcripuen in6 fiUir.n repSkn, be C 
 
 tt;d L*ie dap. * Let us dulv eilim.iic tlie 
 blelTingj with which \uc jte favoured, by 
 
 il!e citing with what !sbori ind toil* they were 
 R.iincd. ThcfarfpTcndinpbnnchc3 and"i-/sui 
 uppfd" fumit of the tree of our liberty wen 
 1 jrtmcd and nude itixuriL-'iit with tlietlDoduf 
 ll.iu^htercd thoufiiid^ Dy the fangoinirv 
 lliw'.inij wliich enriched tbc foil on 'ihich it 
 grew — fwcar to pmcO it, or at i[s ficrml foc; 
 -TO DIE ' L-t U$ ron/.J.r wi;h Kmpemnrf f; 
 /yjw wilh/rwrrry^fo fliati JVC I'C enable.! 
 \o a3 vixU di^ntt^ iVii fjtf.'ult w'ith tnui.ijili. 
 It is now ton laf^ td \rjllc a momen! 
 ipijrj /pf.-u!jf'ra, or Ml aitf njinj; to th' 
 nduniljfcle rhtaritj o( \hn f^lfely term'i 
 dern phthfopfi'j, which tcYids lo rewlut-;-. 
 (lead of ryjrm. RevoluUen — may ourtoun. 
 try ncTcrbc diftraflcd withanoihc*. — Rtjurm 
 — none bul in ambitious dcmagogi.r would 
 lire fuggelt the necefliiT of on^, in our une- 
 ualied Conllitulion of Gorcrnmcnt — a Cor- 
 ftitnfiot*, founded on principles perfeifta* «- 
 Uft.,il iiteili^en,-t,ind titrial ti truth. Tlie 
 freedom and Iiappincfi of the citizens are fo in- 
 iilved with the powers and prerogative) of our 
 r.«cuti»c and Legiflaiivc Authorities, ihjt 
 ;hc injury or dcftruflion of tiTHFK weuld 
 inevitably caofe the Annihilation of both. — 
 From the ruin, d(ffttif<n, or dill -norc xOCiitr- 
 ■hj, would proceed: — Then free-bof" 
 Americani would be fee n woefully l.imeiii- 
 g the proftration nf order and of Law— 
 ilividual pe.ice ft fuCuriiy facnSccif — religi- 
 . with her h'liy ordinances dnven fniin ihr 
 dtik and the altar, and trampled ii%ihe doft, 
 ir compelled to the profane dTudgciy of ninflc 
 ng (he hypocrite, ihe infidel nr the tyr.mt 
 Under fuch circumlUnre* whit /iinern.v 
 ouli tamely Itcar ihe difjtracc ft cxiftcm-e . 
 
 ypf.i- 
 
 '?««•■. 
 
 iRU.fh 
 
 A' 
 
 cy TAKE NOTICK. 
 
 LL pt'fona indebted tn ihr fubrciiher f<rf 
 :.^ STATE GAZETTE, are req.iell 
 fetila their iCcrMinu up to the firit ul 
 
 he btin|[ i,t,li|;ed to make py 
 
 ftlCf, to ihat ttme 
 
 A. I'kODASCO. 
 
 FebfUliy 1;. j-^. 
 
 'IrQI tu the p 
 
 A^ 
 
 NO TICK. 
 
 LL pcrr)n'! in(lcb:«l lo the 
 
 flilv uf JOHM CLt'NN. Ill* ft Lvi 
 
 Who that had an arm and « d, 
 hcHiatC in hi» cltiiti-, whether to i 
 
 Qa»« in the loathed biinds of tyi 
 furroundcd bv d.ingeitamid a hoide of jj(f»- 
 bins J— nr, Iiice Calo at Uliai, rele.*fc hii ,ir- 
 dcnt foul lo foar where bandhed Frcedftm 
 finilei in h^r nat*-*; Heaven, among ihe Im- 
 
 jrr^il Gous f 
 
 Should ourCoiiflifurion everbtf ovrrrumM, 
 diflijlunon of focicty would be the awfid eon. 
 fequcnce.and apoliiical chao3 fucceed, more 
 
 ud? and iiidijielted than llic ori|;;inal mafs of 
 
 '.mmin^llft^ 1, „.,niV. tro'M »WI. n tin, fj.lcn 
 
 Ird ort> of .civil government at firfl emcr(;c3- 
 But we will not yield our mmdj to iho fn^ 
 
 KCftioni of d.Tfjdin}; frari ADAVtS Dm 
 
 WASHINGION I While yc p.cf.dc in ihi 
 cabinet <jr coinnund in the field— we defy 
 :he intri»iUr« of ihe fulifle anddefigning. or 
 ihc open jlfaulu of ili^- .ledarcd cnemf 
 trcouniry. We are ready 10 ii\ .ii ye di- 
 '\~to follow whcreyc lead. I^t foreign 
 ,vjacT% ,ipprr>.icli, or f»illio-j5 myrmidons 
 threaten, snd our Held* lh*ll blue 
 harvcfl of bajoncll— our ariillcry (hall rival 
 ihc thunder of ihe fkiesi 
 
 Fratvrc "ould fraternii- with— that i* er 
 
 »c Ui. She ha» conferred this fiijjul.ir f.i 
 
 'P"nHolhnd. Itdy. the SwifaCantoru 
 
 dia^a r>n"'n>. •n'1 iW' w^n 
 
 eLtZ.\l)LTH CLUNN, Ewr../*.. 
 
 ^lending the bic (Ting of broth. 
 
 ■ ■ and Arab5. .She 
 tceof p<nir Hibci 
 
 and i* abnui 
 y love IP the V.„nchiki 
 
 li.U(akrri iompafrionttt __ 
 
 nia. and tetlly piiicn forlorn and^maVade'd 
 Ctiumha. I low kind ami cenerous— ft 
 tlut we fhould dfdme her fe.v,c(, ^^A 
 her (oLci;udc wil'' coolciea agjl^fpi 
 
 Ungrateful Ancricani — prefer a h^fid. 
 a Oireiaofy.Aiid the flow cjurfc uf the 
 adminiftraiion of julln.e, 10 the (umniai 
 ceedmgi of 9 liepartment?! coaimin"ioni.r. > 
 pid execution of tlie ^uilieiirtf I W 
 not Ulicvc the pnifcHioni nnd proicditio 
 of Fr.inc( f h Ihe like a mercenary harlot w 
 
 ipt? lo her embrace, when in thai embrace 
 13 dejth ? Has Ihe a d.cjger ccmLcaled, thai 
 we thus approach her wuh caution and love 
 her bell at ^ d<j}^>ii€ } U hers the SyrenS 
 Ice that allurcMo dcllruflion wiili its me- 
 lody i So fofr. fi.) fwcet, how u'im«nly to 
 drown il5 dolcct nof* with ihc rjltlin;^ of 
 ar.Tis & the foU'idoflhr trumpet ' Americans 
 b-n.ii deceived — yuut fji'eiy, under Gn.ljjon- 
 lilh III yout fpiri: — your n.iiiiinal pride and 
 ur.ilh.yed Fed.:r.i;irni. Pea<e is a blclTmg— 
 «'iiile/> iJruW'defcnfivewjriialway?; glorious. 
 ThCT^Vrtr mud proie<^ ihc pruni'i^-hoai, and 
 the /iy.W imiil guard the /./.«;^i/-r. Wi,l,. 
 out martial weapons, we fow the field and we 
 plain (hi^ furrow, not lor ourfelvea bul foi 
 rap.icious foes 1 
 
 This. lay comple;ils (lie (iify.nxth fcrolu- 
 ilun of the .Sun /ince GEORGE WASH- 
 INGTON deccnded 10 bleG the world with 
 I (lifpLiyoffuch virtue:! 31 conflitutciho har- 
 mony and happiiicfjof Heaven. It wai re- 
 len^d fi.r him to unite in one chamtltr pow. 
 ers .md propeilie^ whidi had ptevioullv been 
 efleem^id opp,,riic and liolille in ihei 
 nnd eiTcCl) ;— to prove that virtue can e»ift 
 amid the tempf..i:orn and difCpations of ar 
 .irmy—r//.^/,,*, fmtle'henit,'nly in the .irdeni 
 bofi'inof .1 foldier — wiftiom to J/uj/J and ener- 
 gy tn/ee/Or-w.aftoniOi in the fiine Mrfon.^tn, 
 cxhii>il tlic dauntlefj couraj^ of a HiRc 
 tempered wjtli the mercy and benevolence of 
 nn Amcel. It is, acj cvcj wdl remain piub- 
 lem:»iital. whether Gtntr^t or PrlUtnt 
 1 t'^-i\VASHl^;G^ON were the grrater or fur- 
 " '"^^IpfHirg man. Oitr thing ii certain—that his 
 "■.jmijoiifrain bf)iho(Iicc» wij dnly eiqualled by 
 "-Jjiis irTeptriii;hab:c tondutt— unimpeachable 
 iitcgrity— hj9 imiivivcable firmnefi— htsrjrt 
 ibilitirs a-nd itivlntiblevaliJT. Under his mil- 
 aiy corftrnand, th- Vnttid SfjltJ betantt i 
 jWrdil— <'fl.iblini''d tJieir Independence— at 
 thetvcd the mna brilll.mf vii^ories and clofed 
 glauoiu cjiecr with triumph, ,whofe 
 Iplci'idof wji iMipw.illelcd in the am'ialt of 
 
 During his Civil AdiTtmillration, ih 
 Ajneticaii name cncreafed in refpetflabdity. 
 .1, learnt to form ^treaty \Wjh her for 
 mer foe, and cl nm the now fnendiy pown 
 is her mort natmal .illy :— Dared perform ar 
 .ii of nanonal fovercignty — though Fr.^nrx 
 rowncd wiihrefenimenr, and fadtionmuiier 
 ■dvuin ihrensjnd eyed the ir^ipr.rtant com- 
 p.itt wiih difplcafiire' Our Mavy, \%hich now 
 
 Oiajcdic on ihe ocean, commence'd 
 tiiftclicc which will be cijuall; honorable and 
 laftilij,- And A.Meri.., gjiiicd experience 
 -one of dif mofl valuable of national ic- 
 juitementj. She bccinic informed, thai 
 lICa^i':» wtrt v-in arid feeble wli 
 
 i/ic-fr/ to c«^>[l,c the »bli^.\tioni iLpulaicd 
 by the prfK Tliai humility and forbearance 
 followed by Nifult aiAi injury— and that 
 />^-i ^yj^i-fl in as ntcefTarytd naturals, toindi 
 vidujl reparation. From the wife arrange 
 ment)m»d,-by WASHINGTON dnrlnghi. 
 I'lrfdnii/hip, we now reaJi'iC ihebleJTings jm 
 privileges for which be laboured in ihc field 
 of war. — Purfiiing the fame fyfi«m, our pti 
 fent Chief Ma^if^tate, with the firmnefs of 
 philofopher and ihc 7eal of a patiiqt, defeii 
 ingly teceivcs the love, confidence and aj 
 plaufe of the millions of grateful Freemen, 
 ijv(. whole happincf* and imcjcft he watchc 
 wiili untcafing vigilance and patemal care. 
 
 Agnin behold with wondt-r- Angelj an. 
 
 Men! rhc venerable foim of WA6H1NG 
 
 TON is arrayed in martial g.ub^and 
 
 hii filvereil hiir. waves aliejdy thaplume ,. 
 
 tniimpli ;— yes. for when he quiticd the re 
 
 irejt'of J.isold ,i(;c — h.s paradifc o( Miwrt. 
 
 f/'fa'f.io wc.ld his (on.iuennjj fword at ihe 
 
 head of nur invincible legioon, the Demons 
 
 ot fjflionandRcbcllion (hrunk indifmayfrom 
 
 hiv prcfince, and none bin the voice of eiuli- 
 
 ng Fcdtrahfm was heard from the waters of 
 
 Si. C/jrv 10 the f.irihefl fromiers of Gtor. 
 
 X:.tt ImmoilalWASHINGTON-mjyih. 
 
 t be- cheered witlifelicilici, couhilcfs a 
 
 • nlucs. pure ai thy mind, and bnllmnl at 
 
 c^ploiti ' And when in fome remote pe- 
 
 .1 of tune iLou art iranD.ned 10 ihy natut 
 
 He.u-en—iTuy thy mantle be caught by fome 
 
 future (on of ihv love.1 Cclumhra, who. emu- 
 
 n^ thy charadcr, ihaJI deferve the eulogy 
 
 "'» ^"<I 'epay of a pfjlcful country, or the applaufcofan 
 
 'licioo! Mioufiiig world I 
 
 Inn lie Anchor Clpb. 
 
 l/iL-f command our ve.i/rh ter/jj/l h rith and 
 fire ij our ■u.-esllb tj'Titnjrdi ul, •tue are 
 facr in,!„J. — Jai grent a Jihji tf ihr voliif 
 cfo fuVrriinate iti1er,JI may kr f/v \itr-jfur<t 
 if Its dangrf*ai treli jj i!x iertmn ru,n tf 
 intrrtjli of a fitptrwr order. 
 
 PARSIMONT and extravagance are both 
 highW ir>juriou5 (o a ftate 1, but the former 
 a more d.ingerous vice than the latter. By 
 fufing to make proviHon for a ihreafcned 
 ij, on motives of an oveiftraincd economy, 
 boufands may be furtendercd 10 the dread of 
 oxpcnfe, and, what is above all price, Honor 
 and Independence may fall a facvifice to cal- 
 lations on cents and farthings. With thit 
 ■ iihicvoui difpoGiion America has to con- 
 id. It not only alTjils her in its raked fim- 
 plicity, counting ooll without reference to 
 1 advantage, but it is made ihe inllrument 
 of anifice, lends iu fpetious countenaiKe lo 
 :r treachery, and combined with pulila- 
 iiy, h.i5 even induced fome to prefer in- 
 hale, degrading tribute, 10 ihc cxpenfes of 4 
 urt and an honorible war. — Could we pre- 
 .lil on the pppofitjon lo rcfigfl other falfe no- 
 -M and prejudice;, with which this is clofeiy 
 onnecled, we Ihould have litlle to fear ftofta 
 itselfeas. But while the ptefent anxiety fo^ 
 novelty and innovation rxill* in defpirc of the 
 lelTofi* 'vf experience ; while the aud-nty of 
 republican manners, the fweeti of paftoral re- 
 pofe, and the favagtnefs of voluntary power, 
 are made mcrre the objcfta of our purfuit, 
 than the urbanity, djgniiy and refinement o£ 
 pohihcd life ; atul while rhii model -jf naiiott* 
 al character' is •dfnired Ky the muliimdc^ 
 though dtaWrr by the feverilh bnagiiia-.ion o£ 
 thofe who, having bceu led by founder miodt 
 into a new an-l dangerous path with fucccfa, 
 fuppofe alt il flowery and fair, with neithet 
 gin nur pit-faU. This rage icK frugality mult 
 ilfo continue to qrobarrafj every meafure 
 hereby Vc ihay hope to nfc ; it will' bang 
 kc a mili-ftonc round tlic netk of our ccun- 
 rry , md ddiver u* bound hand and Tool inic» 
 the iluiches of our foe). It is however but 
 ,r to acknowledge, that ihefe thing* are 
 forci:'n to ihe fpitit ani^ feelings of our in- 
 Juflnous yeomanry, and the mote fober an4 
 tefpe^ablc chfTes of our ciiiztoi. They be- 
 come daily rtorc and more convinced that 
 ihcir advocates arc men determined loamuf.: 
 ilitmfclves, though with the dcflruOIon of 
 bcH intercfls. Mirn who calumniate, con- 
 demn and fhjiltlc the adminiftraiion, unrc*- 
 (trained by refponfibirity. Men, whofe little 
 ileni) mull be difplayed. whofe little rcfenl- 
 icDta mua be gratified, whr^e inveterate prc- 
 uduvi jrc not to be reOgned : Wlio are in- 
 deed that four and fcfmenting qoality in « 
 )ljie, by which the fedimesit of fociety la 
 (lirred up to difcolot and confufc the whole 
 ma(s. Yet notwilhftanding ihe great liody 
 of out countrymen are tware of all ihi», it 
 does noi follow ihat wr arc fecure from the. 
 repeated attacks, and unweat.cd pcifevtraoC* 
 if Faflion. We lnvc done inuch by our 
 firm and decided mcafurcs in weakening iti 
 .Hochce, and in cipofmg ir» inconCUeney j 
 but by refolving to harird all in defence ot 
 lit, we Hall nearly accomplilh its defeat. Wo 
 dull do more i we (hall add vigor \o our en» 
 dcavoti, enpreafa to our tclds. and tefj>cc\a- 
 bihiy to our nanic. 
 
 Cummerce m the fource which fuppliei the 
 rcuUtin^: piittciple wf life, and while it i» 
 kept free and unohfl/u.ncd, inJuflry is cn- 
 oonged, arf . manufactures and agticuliure 
 i>niinoc to lloutifh. and every pan of tha 
 immunity is hcalihfsl and afftve ■ the bene- 
 fus it dilTufej, reflet back the means of ei- 
 tending them, and the expenfes aitendani on 
 it« prefervjtion are, or may be, raurncd ten 
 fola into the tolfers of (he rtate. Bm by 
 denying our trade the necelTary proteOion, 
 ■;hc moiivei to iiidufhy wi|| trafc lo ciift, 
 :he p(o<luce of cur couriry wdl becorvc » 
 Irug, the influx nf wealth will be cut off, our 
 farmer* be difpitited, and more real property 
 loll to the flate than all lh«favinft of ccooo- 
 c*tt leimbuxfe. 
 
 Fi ./- ih C.rget^u-. [H. C.) Cntrte. 
 
 MelTr* Elliott & DutJ, 
 Among the many very fingular c'ucum- 
 laiices which aitende.I the fetikment of this 
 ountry. I have found no out that has given 
 ne mere entertalnmrnt than lh>' exportation 
 4 wives from Fjjgland,for ih« colony of Vsr- 
 |iiii3. Dr. Iklknap, in hii American Bio. 
 jraphy, a woifc tcpktc MitK inforniMion soil 
 
244 
 
 THE CITY OF TRENTON. 
 
 TiiK " Fkdkkai.isi-"' oi' 1800. 
 
 Tliis thfV iliil, stvliiiiT it "'I'lic Fcilcralist ami New .Irvscy Stntr ( lazcttf." wliicli, tiiiilcr llic 
 cilitdrsliiu (if (Icrsli<iin Cral't, hccamc a tierce ami Killei- ail\(ieate nf tlie l'"eileral eaiise until .liine, 
 ISOO wlieii it was united with the (iAZKlTi;, and IIk; new jciurnal made its a|.iiearanee shortly after 
 with the title of "The I'ederalist," l>y which name it was known until IS-J'.), at which time the F(>deral 
 iiarty ceased to lie a ]Militical ]iarty. .\ftcr the close of the W'.w of 1S12, and duriuL' the sulisc(|Ucnt 
 aihiunistration of President .Monroe, the paiicr took no part as a partisan in political controversy. 
 On tlic fourth of .Julv, l.S2'.l, Mr. William P. Slierman, havini: sc>c\n-e(l from Mr. Prall. the jiroprietor 
 of the " True .Xmcriean,"' a transfer of lli,-il name, and from his father, ( ieorue SlieiMiian. the owner- 
 ship and control of "The Federalist, "' tin- title Nicw .1 i:i;si:v Sr.\TJC (!.\zi'"]"no was renewed, and hy 
 
 this name it has Ihh'U since known, mitil ipiite 
 I'ei-cntly, when, as a niattci' of convenience, it 
 was alilii-cviatcd to Siatio (lAZiriTK. '{"his Mr. 
 {'rail, hy the way. after disposiuL' of the "True 
 .\niiric:in " to Mi'. Slicnnaii. rcmo\cc| to New 
 ^'ork. where he continued to reside until his 
 dc.-itli. ,\t one time he was the pro|ii-iet<il' and 
 editor of the "NiAV ^'ork Transciipt. "" nncl 
 held responsilile eilitorial positions on several 
 jonrnals, heinj: an easy, coi'i-cct and viironms 
 writei', and well iiifoimed (in political topics 
 and of cultivated literary taste, .\fter William 
 P. Sherman had manaired the (1,\zktti-: a few 
 \i'ai's, ( ieoi'iic Sherman I'esnmed his p<isition as 
 ediloi-. ami held it until h'cluaiary, l<s;j.")j when 
 he was >\|ceccdc(l liy his youUiicr Son, .huHes 
 T. Sherman, a L:raduatc of \':\\i- Collet^e. who 
 remained at its head mitil I'clirnai-y. 1S.");1. 
 This Mr. Shcrnian sccm^ to |i;i\c liccu a tirm 
 
 ;iud inlluelllial Sllppollcl- of the pl-in<ipK'S of 
 
 ihe Whii,' )iarty, and undci- his manaLrement 
 the ( Iazk'ITK was one of tlic most ellicient ad- 
 vocates of that ca\ise. its I'cpi'cscntati ves ami its 
 candidates. The tiles show that allhouuh very 
 di'cided and tirm in his conviction-, Mr. Sher- 
 man was just to \i\> opponents, thcrchy i^ainin^ 
 additional inllucnce with the puhlie. He was, 
 after liis retirement, an anient ami useful sup- 
 porter of the Uepulilican pai'ty from its tirst 
 ortjianization, in IS'iti. until its suci'css in tlu^ 
 election of IStil). .\ ftci' the conuneueement of 
 the Pvchcllion he was a most valuahlc assistant to ( iovernor « )lden. hut failin;; health compelled him to 
 relimjuish Ids work, and until the twentieth of May, lSi;2, he was eupi.^ed in no active occupation. 
 lie was Init forty-ei;.dit years of aire at the time of his death, and is one of tlie few memhers of the 
 editorial profession of whom nothinji hut kind words can lie spoken duiin;^ his life .as well as after 
 his death. 
 
 Til ! II,,, I , N i.M AitK wiii'iuii: .loiiN I.. >ni{i'n V sr.MtrKii in i i 
 
 I'lU.N riN«i r.fSINl-X'iS IN TUKNTON, I.N IS.'j.'i. 
 
 AlTK.VK.VNCK OF Tllli; " ( ! AZKTTE. " 
 
 The G.\ZKTTK has always been marked hy ;i peculiarly neat typograiihical face. This is due 
 largely to llie fact tliat its ow'ners and conductors were jiractieal j)rintcrs. In IS:!!!, .Mr. Henry 
 Ilarron, who had served his aii])renticc,ship in the composing-room in Philadcliihia, became a 
 partner in the concern and for years had the entire control of the mechanical department of the 
 
THE CITY OF TRENTON. 
 
 245 
 
 ari|L»|SSfe|^^j 
 
 
 'HTrr J,;,,,- .- "" 
 
 'OB pfmt;p: — • 
 
 business. Down to 1<S40, the Oazette was jiulilislied as a wet'kly mily. At tliat time Sherman & 
 Harron issued a tri-weckly edition, about one-third the size nf the daily, which was enlarged from 
 time to time, ami im tlir lir.-f of January, 1847, gave jilace tu thr Slate Daily (Iazktte, being the 
 second daily ])aper issued regularly in Trent(in. It was ])rin1cd nn a sliccf aljnul the size nf the lirst 
 issue iif tlu' tri-weekly and in bmn'gciiis and nonjiareil type. in l>^"io, William Urnwn. a grailuate 
 iif Princeton College, and 'Plmmas Claytnn I'xirden, a |iraetieal printer, pui'ehaseil the paper and 
 took possession. Ill health traversed all their jciunialistic litness, Mi-, ilnrden retiivd in 1S.")4, 
 sutfering with seated eonsumption, and ^Ir. Brown dit'd, having, in (Jctolier, 1S.54, sold the estab- 
 lishment to Mr. Edmund ^[ori'is, of liurlington. 
 Under the new proprietoi', the (iAZETTE suji- 
 jiorted theiirineii)les of the \Miig ])arty, but <lis- 
 plaved a great deal of sympathy \'nv tlie.Vmeriean 
 movement, then in the full tiile nf success ; and 
 when the I!e])nblican |>arly was urgaiiized, it 
 tciiik an early and decided staml in its suppnit. 
 placing the names of I'l-eniimf and I )aytiin at the 
 heail iif the pa])er. where tliey nniaini'd until 
 the thirtieth nf .luly, b^.")!!, when they were 
 hauled down to be replaced by those of I'ill- 
 mi ire and Donelson. This change was duetn 
 the fact that tlu' (Jazktte liad bc.Mi sold to 
 Cornelius M'. Tolles, of Newark, al^o a giad- 
 nate of Princeton, who had lieeii eniployed oi 
 the "Newark Advertiser." His conlicl of tin 
 Cazette was brief. It teiniinated in bs."i7. 
 when it jiassed temporarily under flic contiol 
 of E. I!, liordcn, who sold il in .Inly, 1S.")7, lo 
 .1. \j. Swayze. Yvry naturally, the defection of 
 the (iAZETTE from Ivcpublican princi)iles caused 
 a great deal of feeling, ami an association 
 jirinted a rival, called "The Uepublicau Stati' 
 (iazette," edited by .Tames T, Sherman and 
 Henrv Harron (with wlioni the pii'^cnt pi'o- 
 prietor served his apjirenticeship ), lint aftci- 
 divers changes Mr. Swayze ]un-cliased il, and 
 united it with the ( J Azirn'E, under the name of 
 The State Gazette a.nu IvEI'iui.ka.n, and attci- 
 a term of years sold it to Colonel Freese, \\lio, 
 in LSIJo, disposed of it to llrook iV \',annote. 
 In 1864, the "Monitor" (whieh was eilited |,y 
 
 Dorsey Gardner and printed by Miu'phy A- I'.echtel ) was stai'lcil as a professed party paper, 
 but it was devoted niainh' to the advocacv of a new thi'oU'jIi raili'oad line from New "^'ork to 
 Philadelphia. It was unsuccessful and .Messi-s. I'.i-ook A- \'annole, proprietors of the Siwte 
 (JAZETTE, pui"<hasud it in Deeember, ]8(;."). 
 
 'I'm: Pi;i:si:.\i' KiccaMi:. 
 
 'I'm: I-'l[!s'r I \t |-K<.\ IM l.Nl \Nli I'Nl \i;'.IMKN"i' IN THK Bl'M.l'IN'. 
 
 (ai-ti-;k riimnAsiM. t, jn 186(!. 
 
 In 1869 the Gazette was sold to .lohn I,. M\n'pliy and Chai-lcs llechtel, the former having 
 entered the Gazette ofriee as an apprentice in bSoS, where lie remained until 185.5 ; the latter 
 liaving been engaged on tint " Daily News" in 'I'renbin until 1S5(!, at whieh time he entered into 
 a copartnership with Mi-. .Minphy in the estalili>hment of a job jirinting olliee. After the paper 
 piassed under the proprictorslii]i of MnrpliyA- lieclilel, in ISIj'.), with ICnoeh R. Borden as editor, 
 it rapiidly inereased in eireulation and iiilhience. They e.xpended considerable money in jiurehasing 
 new types, ]iresses, &c., enlarged its iiews facilities and generally ]iut new lilV' into the husine.s.s. 
 Shortly after they assumed control Mr. I'.orden died, and "Mr. William Cloke, who had been a 
 
Daily State Gazette. 
 
 TKKXTON. N. J.. MilND.VV. USE 21. IWi 
 
Weekly State Gazette. 
 
 \i)I. I \ [II -N'l' ^11. 
 
 TUKNTnN, N J . TlirilShAY. JV'NE 27, lrt{*:. 
 
 
 is;M9C[0!itui)wrti«. 
 
 
 IN ADVANCE-»2 01> 
 
 '-n ,.,,„,,. 
 
 SflllSBUBmEIER. 
 
 iCCtPHUCE OF IHE T»Llt Of lOM- 
 IN& * MlNlSTflY. 
 
 "''"-'.'^''.'". '!".,''■""■"., r!'''i'.'r,',',' 
 
 AITiniDE OF THE IRISH LEADERS. 
 
 '.«'r'..., 1'.' -,1 l"..V -I.':,', '''" 
 
 f.». .»r r..^t L.M " ." T^™*.^ 
 
 ClRFENr£S-S UUm RUUIU. 
 
 .it I..M 1, -t,,, .d4 16, u.i «f MJlnirt. 
 
 
 ■. ' . ' '-''H!7£i'£i' 
 
 
 ' ■ . ■ .': ^'tr.?iu'^ 
 
 HOOSONGRMDJUIITIlUlilRS. 
 
 ■^■■"•^■v;,'>„'i 
 
 Uqur Mrs 
 
 ■ ;i';-;:^ 
 
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248 
 
 THE CrrV OK TIIKNTON. 
 
 reporter, Ix'Ciinic tlic tMlitor of the ]i;i])cr, :iii(l lillcil tlir |iiisiti(iii until -luly. \><')4. I Fc was youiijr, 
 L'ntc'r])risiiif; and ('ntliiisia.<ti<', ami ptit all uf his (iU'rtry iiitn his work. These ehantios very soon 
 lietian to tell upon the cireiilation and reputation of the Static (iAZETTi:. The jiaper took hold 
 frround on several matters of irreat puhlie ini])ortanee, and exerted a marked intluenee upi>n the 
 ])olities an<l fiovermm'ut of the State. To its zealous and ahle ehampinnship tin' State is lartrely 
 indehted for the jjresent (ieneral Railroad law ; the act of 1S77 redueimr the rate of interest from 
 seven to six ])er cent. ; the aet authoriziiij.' the danmiiuL' of the Delaware river ; the (.'ongressional 
 ap]iro]iriatiiins fur impi'ovini: the navi,i;ati"ii of the same str<'am. and for several other measures of 
 more nr less importanee. It has exertt'd a larji'e iidluenee U|ion lej;islation at every session of that 
 hodv. In the eity of Trenton its power during the past iln/en years has heeii felt in the promotion of 
 
 many \-alualile iiiiprnvemeuts. In polities, the 
 
 S^^T^-rrT^-... 
 
 '''^^>^?^ 
 
 Statk (Iazict'I'k has for years heen reeojrnized as 
 the "State ort'an " of the Re].ul)liean party. It 
 (leeupies a s(irt (if ullieial jjusitiun as the party's 
 mciuthpieee in New Jersey, and its utterances 
 are Lic'iierally accepted hy its memhers throuirh- 
 iiut till' Stale as ortlnidiix liipulilicanism. It 
 was fi'um the lirst an earnest supporter of 
 I'l'oident JIayes' pulicy. It was strondy in 
 fa\'or of i;i\'in,u that pulicy a fair trial, taking 
 tlie lifiiimd that nothing;- was to lie hist if it 
 failed, as nil surrender nf llcpulilii-an prin- 
 ciples was piMpiixil ;nnl e\ I'l'ythiiin- was to he 
 gained if it s^uceceded. It waiTcd a very dc4er- 
 niiiicd wai-farc in hchalf cif "its ]iolicy," and 
 excited thclili\' cdiisidcialiji' Imstilitv amiilit: 
 the stalwarts. When, however, in the spriiiLr 
 (if IST^, the Statk (Iazictti-; concluded that 
 ihi- piilicv was a failure, in that the SdUth was 
 "t(i(i stitt'-uecked and narrow-min(k'(l fraid<ly 
 til rcs]iiind to the a'cnerous overtures of the 
 administratidii, and ^vas ulivinush- trvini; to 
 use the pretense (if ci mcil iiit i( m fur seeurini; 
 cunccssiiins frnni thr i;(ivcrnmcnt witlmut 
 makini;' an\' in retiu'U,"' it pnuiiptlv and 
 emphatically took dilfcrent irround. On the 
 twcuty-lirst of ^lay, IST.s. it jiulili.^hed a 
 dnulile-lcadcd editiirial advdcat iuLT the luimina- 
 tidu (if (ieneral (irant in ISSO, as the Itejiuhli- 
 can Presidential standard-hearer. This article 
 made eonsideralile stir in the |ioIities df the 
 eotnitrv, heinjr (lUote-d and commented iipim fa\-(iralily nr nthci-wise. In l>>7o, the STA'ri; ( iAZKTTE 
 passed into the hands of its ])resent owuci-. 
 
 This uKive (.'ave Mi-. .Idhn L. Mui'pliy alisulutc cdntnil nf all dcpaitmciits df the Static ( Iazkttk 
 estahlishment, and he hent all his ener.iiics in the directinn nf incrcasinu- the liusiness and eidarirint: 
 the (piarters in which the jilant was Ideated, ruder the t;iiidance df Mr. Muriihy. who was indus- 
 trious, ]iractieal anij untirin.i.', the circiilatidn df the newspaper lu'cw, the dcniand updii its adver- 
 tising' space increased, tlu're was more work to tie done in the joh jirintint;' and lionk hindinj.' 
 de]iartments, more lielp was neede(l and more machinery made necessary. 
 
 .\ltlidut.di additidus had lieen made to the Static (!azicttk estalili-hnient in ls7'>, ciLrht years 
 afterward further imiirovements were needed and made. The huildinu: was reudvated and the 
 appearance of its exterior iinjiroved. New machinery was jilaced in the hindery. There W(n'c 
 euttin(.', stamjiing and fiildini; macliincs ]iurehased at an expense of many hundreil ddllars, and 
 more room lieing rccpiired, a large apartment, seventy feet lon.g, in the Haker ISuilding, adjoining 
 the State Gazette estahlishment, was rented and fitted up as a hindery. 
 
 Kl[(lWIN<i Sril.l, FcltTMEK I.MI'ltdVKMKNTS ANIi .-\ I.IUTI' iNS MAliK 
 T(l THK BCII.III.VC IN 1875. 
 
rUK CITY OF TRENTON. 
 
 240 
 
 'SrerEonmr 
 
 '^l^^^^ilmEii^^yl "' 
 
 •«l 
 
 /-rim 
 
 ii — ^'1=:==?' 
 
 Till- rstalilisliniciit liail l<(|i( pace witli the ,L'i-ci\\tli iif tlic city, and in the tliirty-si.x vears froni 
 the time \vlirn tlic Daily Si aiI': (Ia/.ictte was issurcl liy SlicriMan iV Ilarinn, tliat .urowtli was 
 rniiarkalilc. Tlif sriuuil numljcr nf the new ilaily, ilate nf .lannarv l-'itli, 1^17, enntains the 
 anncanicenimt tliat the |iulilishers ■' have threat satisfaetiim in |iulilishini;- tiiis iiKirninji' a rejicirt of 
 thi' |iniei'eiHni:s of Congress of yesterday, transmitted hy the ^hiaiietie 'relei.'ni|ih." 
 
 In 1S47. tile year that tiie Daily Static (iAZKTTE was launeiicMl, Trenton \v;is a very dilTei-mt 
 ]ilaee from the Tniiton of to-day. Ivist of tlie i-aiial. " Tile (_'otta;j;es " eolifained the iireater iioi'tion 
 of the ]ioj)ulution. At the other end of State street, ahove the State iionsi', William L. Dayton and 
 a f(AV others had handsome i-esidenees ereeted notniany years hefore. The I lichees, (leiieral llossell 
 and other wealthy ]ieo|ile oeen|iied elei^ant homes here, whili' on the o|i|Hisite side of the street 
 ahoye the State Mouse there wen' \ery few houses, and those generally small. The feeder of the 
 Delaware and Raritan canal fornii'd the northern homidary, and a f<Av strag-gling- houses connected 
 the eit\' jiroper with the Sixth ward, or fjam- 
 hertoiL There were a yeiy few cheaii hotels, 
 and the wliole place had a rustic ap]iearance as 
 eompai'ed with that of to-day. 'i'lie whole 
 ]iopulation of Trenton and Nottiiiiiham (the 
 present city) and all adjoinint;' districts was 
 not one-lifth of the present numliei'. The 
 rollinjj; mill of the Trenton iron (.'ompany had 
 l.ieen estahlished, an<l wire and wire rods were 
 made. There were two or three foundries 
 ami mai-hiiii- shops and an axe factory ; hut 
 Trenton was not the manufactvu'injj or husiness 
 center then that it has since hecome, nor at 
 that tlate did all the inm mills in 'i'renton 
 toirether employ lialf as manv hands as are 
 now at W(irk in the Tiiiilon I ron ( 'onip.an v's 
 liuildinus. There were no jiottei-ies here ; 
 no manufactories of aiiricnlturid im|ilements ; 
 no saw factory; no mallealili' iron woiks, 
 and the manufacture of cotton and wnojeii 
 fabrics was conducted on what wouM now 
 he con>ideri-d a yery small scale, '{"here was 
 not a wholesale dealer in anythini; in Trenton. 
 At that time there wei'e three oi- four trains 
 a day to Philadelphia and twn or tliice from 
 New York, \vith yery scant acconimod.iti(pns 
 for sendinjr or rcceivinj,' freif,dit. 
 
 W'itli this threat f;rowth the Siati: ( Iazltti; 
 ■was jiromineiitly identilieil. 1 1 li.ad the inler- 
 
 CStS of Trenton always at luait, and f<ir lliat .X.n.'Timik STA.n: in thk lMn...vi.-MKNT ani, ISksovation- ..i •nn.: 
 
 ,..',. . . JIl n.iuN<. IN 1883. 
 
 reason made lor itsi'll a linn standing;' in 
 the conimmiit\'. 
 
 It wa> only two years aftei- tin' impro\ cments in the S'rAii': (iAZK'nic huildinir, referred to 
 above, were made that the business rcipiii'cd a further enlariicment of the estalilishment. and 
 aiiotlier story was added, makin;.' the bnildiiiL; live stories bit;!; and as it stands to-day. 
 
 .Nbire room for jiresses w.as recpiired, and the cellar of the i)obl)ins huildini; was rented, to 
 be used as a storerocMn for papia'. so that the room llicii nseil For that purpose niijibt be j;iven 
 up to |iresses. The top lloor of tbi' Dobbins bnildiiii; was also rented and a stercotypini;- deiiart- 
 mciit adde(| to the establishment. 
 
 The most recent impro\-ement has been the addition of .-in eli'ctric lit;liting plant, which 
 consists of a dynamo, with a capacity for supplying;- one bumlred and twenty-live incandescent 
 lamps of jireat lijrhting power, and faeilitatinf; the wurk and adding to the comfort of the largo 
 force tliat i.s employed during the night. 
 «■-■'• 
 
 
2oO '11 IK CITY OF TllKNTON. 
 
 The Statk (Iazicttio was cstalilislu'd in 17'.I2. In thr lilirai'y cciniirctril wiih the cilitdrial 
 (U'l)artiiicnt arc jircsfrvcd cdniiilcto tiles i)f the jiaper. iindcr its iiiauy clianircs of name, sinee 
 
 Januarv. 1707, at wliieh time a new vohnne 
 
 r 
 
 |lo{^ Ni^U R PHy| hs,F3?Nii««^^^ 
 
 jTrPi'«: 
 
 ^/iiMpiifr, 
 
 
 
 TlIK AHo\-K IlKI'ltKSKNTS THK KsTAltl.lSir M KNT AS IT KuW IS 
 
 wiTri TiiK Ai>in'rr"N' fii- anotukjc stoky, ani> otiiku 
 
 1 M IM:<>\KM KNTS (•(.Ml'l.h.'lKI) IN 1 SS.i. 
 
 was stai'te(l, and the ]in)|)i'iet(irs then, appar- 
 cnlly, nut rai'inL' tci preserve the volumes of 
 its )iredeeessor. The original copy is a small 
 slieet, 18x22 inches, and having liiit four 
 eohnnns to the page. In ]S12, the columns 
 wi re lengthened and another added to each 
 jiage. The long "s" was used in those days, 
 and up to 1S2(I, when it was diseonliiiued. 
 liesidrs the complete tiles of the ( lA/.KTTi:, the 
 lihrary contains hound volumes of '• Hinilap iV 
 ( 'lay poulc's .\nicrican Daily Register." printeil 
 in riiiladcljihia as early as 1771I; the "■ New 
 .Icrscy .Journal anil Political I'egister." jirinted 
 at Kli/alicth-Town, N. J., in 1 7'.i2-'.i:! ; the 
 •'New Ynvk State (iazette," 1 7N1) ; liache's 
 "AlU'ora." and ■'.Vurora and (icncral Adver- 
 tiser.'" I'hiladclphia and Fiaiikf. .rd. 17'.l'.l- 
 ISI):); (he ■■Trenton Ti-ne American," INOI- 
 ■_'>i : the ■■National 1 ntclligcncei^ and Wash- 
 ington .Vdvcrtiser," 1S()1-10, and other 
 joui-nals of more recent dates which lia\-i> 
 liccn alisoriicd \>v the Siaii; ( iA/.Kirt: in 
 its more than a century of existence. These 
 old volumes and the < 1 \/.i:i"rK"s com]ilete 
 (lies are frei|Uently consulted hy lawyers 
 
 and others in search of infoi-mafiou <-oncerning matters of which no ri'coi-d has heen kc'pt except 
 
 that given hy these ancient tomes. 
 
 Mr. .John L. Murjihy. its ]ircscnt ownci', 
 
 was horn in Trenton, New .lcrse\', .huie I'.Kh. 
 
 1S2.S. .\t the age of ten years, he entcrcl 
 
 the Weekly S'l'A'ii-: ( J A /I :r'ii; ncwspapci^ and 
 
 printing olliee as errand hoy and news-cairicr. 
 
 In that ca]iacity, he carried the lirst tri-weekly 
 
 and the lirst daily iiewsjiapcr )iuhlisheil in 
 
 Trenton. At the age of sixtciai years, lie wa- 
 
 regularly a|iprentice(l to .lames T. .'^herman to 
 
 learn the ]>rinting Imsiness. lie served hi- 
 
 time and woi'kcil with the lirm, then Shcrnian 
 
 I'i: Ilarroii, as journeyman until INoli, in whicli 
 
 year Ih' took the |)osition of foreman in tie 
 
 "Free Press" otlice. At the expiration of six 
 
 months, the ])a]ier suspended, and Mi-. Mnrpln 
 
 honght the material and started a joh olliee. 
 
 He was one of the jiioueers in this husiness in 
 
 'J'renton. Three months after setting up in 
 
 husiness for liimsclf, he took in Mr. Charli- 
 
 Ilechtel as eipial partner, am! they removed 
 
 to the huilding on the corner of State and 
 
 tireeno streets, the jiresent site of the large 
 
 ])rinting estahlishment of .John L. M\npliy. 
 
 In 180!), the firm jiurehaseil the Sr.vTK ( i.\/,i;rri:. 
 
 and .soon increased the circulation of the 
 
 weekly to seven thousand. In -Inly, 187o, j,,,,., j,. mi lu-nv. 
 
THE CITY OF TRKXTOX. 
 
 251 
 
 Mr. Murpliy liciui^lit (Hil the intcirst (if Mr. I'.cclilcl, and lias sinre (•(inductrd Uir luiHinc-,- liini.-clf. 
 I)m-inu' his laiTri-, .Mr. Mur|i|i y lias licld scvcial iiiiiMuianl |Misitiuiis nl' |inlilic tni<t. I Ic was twice 
 I'lcctcd Tax Cnlliildi- ill tlir lily of Tiriitnii. was riiilrd Stali'^ Internal lIcNcnni- .\ssrssiii- i if the 
 SiTMiid Distiirt (if .\(\v Jersey, frill 11 ISIi.S uiilil tlir dllirr was aluilisliid 1)\' ad nf ('(iiitiiTss and its 
 
 EiTiimiAi, IiKl'.AltrM KN'r. 
 
 duties merired into those of ('ullector ; was then ( 'nllectdr unlil .laniinry, 1 SjCi, wliiii ln' ri^iLiiird in 
 order to devote himself iimre e.xelusively to his extensive and im-reasini; Imsiness. lie is entirely a 
 self-made man, and liis .sueeess in life is due to .ureat natural shi'ewdncss and f.ii'-seiiiiL;' husiiie'.ss 
 sagacity, boundless energy, an enterprisiiiit sjiirit that is dismayed or tinind iisidc li\' no ohstaeles. 
 
 l'K"i>F'I{l-:Ai»iN'(i Iil.l'.Mfl'M l:Nr. 
 
 'I'he editorial force (•(insists of .Mr. Thomas I lolmes. edilnr-iii-ehicf ; Mr. Henry ('. Ihiclianaii, 
 a.ssistant eilitor, and .Mr. I'"rne-t II. Tondinsoii, city editor. ()f late years, tlie |ia|ier has sleadily 
 increased in e.xcellence, circulation and inllueiice. and iiccii|iies to-day a commandini: position in 
 New Jersey journalism. The daily has a large and suhstantial circulation in Trenton and vicinity. 
 
2.V2 
 
 THE CITY OF TllENTON. 
 
 Tlic wccklv cilitiiin is circulMtcil tlimuL'li cvcrv iii>st-i>llii-c in the State. Sinci' Mf. M uipliy took 
 alisuliitc ruiiti'dl of llir in'\vs|ia|ifr, the daily has hccii ciihifL'i'd to ci^'ht ami the wcrkly tn twelve 
 ))ages, and lie has jiroiiijitly acted himiii rvei-y su,i:i;estii>ii that necitrred ti> hiui I'ur the iiii|ii-(iveineiit 
 of the piihlication in all its departments. 
 
 The St.vtio (\\/.v:n'K daily and weekly newspajicr is cmly a part uf the L;i-eat piiiitiiiLT estahlish- 
 nient from wliieli it is issued, '{'he resources of The .lojui L. Miir|iliy I'lililishiiiL' ( 'onipaiiy are 
 superior to tliose of any other estal)lishinent in .New Jersey ill excellence, variety ami cliea])ness. 
 This estalilishnient challcnjics comparison with any in tiie larire cities. It does not allow itself to 
 he outdone ill either (piality or ]irice. It ha> the lust modern machinery and e([uipments of all 
 sorts, the hest craftsineii and as caiiaMe and aeeom|ilishe(l foremen as the country can produce. 
 In short, everything in the pi-intini;- hue that is done anywhere, is done here in the ln'st possihle 
 maiuier, and at hottom prices. 
 
 ST.\■|■|o^^■.l;^■ 1 )i:i'AirrMi:.\i'. 
 
 This, one of the larui'st and most important Kranehes of Ihi' husiiiess. is located on the' second 
 lloor of the huildiiii;-. froiitiiii;- oil liotli State ami liroad streets. As tiie views show, the dc|iai-tiiieiit 
 is ver\' comnioilious. as imleed it must needs he to c(]ntaiii the immense stock which it is neccssarv 
 
 C<il NIIM, Kn..\t AN I. S I AT liiN h:H \ I 1 1 ; I ■ \ K I'M KNT. 
 
 (South view.) 
 
 to constantlv carrv. Tlie li'oods eiiihraec a laru'c and complcti' variety of statioiierv, Mank-hooks, 
 legal hlanks and ircneral ollicc tixtiin^s. On the shelves arc note, letter, lej^al cap and fonlseap 
 jiajiers of various f;rades and styles ; envclojics in endless variety, from the tiiiest imported to the 
 cheap inaiiilla ; jiens, ink and mucilafie of all the Ix'st manufactures ; L^uld ]iens and liolilers ; pocket 
 cutlery ; Faher's, Ea<(le and Dixon's lead ]iencils ; automatic and pocket pencils ; crayons and slate 
 ]>eneils ; Fahers and Havidson's velvet riihher erasers ; steel erasers ; l'"aher's rnhher hamls ; ruhher, 
 celluloid, wood and cork ]icii holders; ]ia]ier files and clijis : Icttci' tiles; iron ami L;la>s paper 
 
 \veij,dits ; letter eo])yiiig jiresses ; letter copyinL;-! ks ; nioisteiiiiiL' hrushes and water wells and 
 
 racks; red tape; jiiiis ; sealing wax; notarial wafers and seals, in all sizes and colors; gummed 
 lahels ; Medill's fasteners; sta])le presses and staples; eyelets; letter scales, all sizes, in hrass, 
 nickel ami hronze; iiost-olliee and package boxes ; manilla wrajijiing jiajicis ; hill head, envelope, 
 letter and postal eard lioxes, in japanned tin ; toilet jiapers ; sheet or small cards, all colors, weights 
 and (|ualities ; visiting, wedding and mourning cards; hall eards and jirograinnies ; show cards; 
 tourists' and shipping cards and tags, and one of the largest and liuest .stocks of office and liluary 
 suiiplies in the city, eoni]irisiiig hrass, nickel, walnut and eliony-hase ink stands and s|ioiige cups ; 
 cut-glass ink stands, mucilage eujis, sponge cujis and j)aper weights, while and colored; jiorcelain 
 
THE CITY OF TKKXTON. '253 
 
 and linish \n'n wijiers, pliiin ami decorated ; edluldid. ivory and jiearl jiaper folders and cutters ; 
 cedar, rul)l)er and elxaiy rulers; oHicc or waste liaskcts, iin|ii)i-ted and domestic; fountain ]icns, of 
 all the latest imiiroved jmtiiits ; safety jmeki't aiimxi's fui- pens ami |icncils ; slamjiS, seals and 
 presses for societies. 
 
 C"i NTiNt;-K"'tM AMI Stationkiiv DF.I'AKTMKNT. 
 (North view.> 
 
 The sto<'k of IrLial Manks consi-sts of lionds, niorti;aucs, deeds; cliaiicciy, puliic justici' and 
 justice of the jieace lilaidis ; landlords' Manks; notes, ilrafts and checks, Iodsc or in Kinik fdi-ni. 
 The blank-hooks consist of day-hooks, ledgei's, cash-hooks, journals, invoicc-l ks, liill-huoks, 
 
 Patkr Stock anfi I'AcKiNrj Di.;i'\ifrMKNT. 
 
 order-liooks, time-hooks, milk-hooks, minute-hooks, hutchers' and irnicers' Iiooks, recci))t-hook.s 
 and coi)y-hooks. in all sizes and styles of hindin.L', jiass-hooks in manilla, |)ress-hoard and leallier 
 
 covers. ,\n\- kind of I k whiili cannot he found on the shehcs will he fui'iiishcd in the shortest 
 
 possible time froni the liindery C()nnceted with the estahlislinieiit. 
 
254 
 
 THE CITV OF TliKXroX. 
 
 Till' l)usiiu'ss (illicc is lc)c;iti'(l in tiiis iK']):u'tnn'iit, where all onlers are received and 
 iiiiniediately dis]iatclu(l 1<> the variims departiiicnts hy means of elevatnrs, siieakiiiir-tnlies or 
 nu'ssongers. I'Mrlicular care is taken in |iaekini;- all u'linds to ])revent injury in trans|iiirtatiiin ; 
 when deemed necessary they are linxed and deli\<'ied in any |iail of the lily, nv to ex|iress or 
 railroad comjianies, free of cost. 
 
 NKWSI'AI'KU COMroSINMi l)Kr.\ltTMl-:NT, 
 
 Jon r'oMI'oslNO l)i:i>Ain'MKNT. 
 
 The jot) composing de])artment is especially desipied witli a view to turn out, in a ra])id and 
 econondcal manner, all <'lasses of conunereial, hank, insurance, socictv and lepd work, and to this 
 
 Jul; CiiMru^.i.\i. Dki'aktmknt. 
 
 end is hrous;lit the aid of those lalior-savinj; appliances so es.sential in these <lays. The tyjie is new, 
 and includes not only those clear-cut and delicate faces which the law of good taste reiiuires for the 
 lighter kinds of work, hut the hold, well-delined and odd shapes which appeal to the fancy of that 
 
THE CITY (»F TRKN'TOX. 255 
 
 cliiss of eiistiimers wlm \\:iiit sii'ikiiiL; cITrcts. Tin- luiits nf tv|M' an' arraii,tj;('il in scries, neatly 
 lilheled, elassifird. and ciicln^i'd in Mack walnut dn--t-|ii-iiiit' caliincts. I'xirdcrs. card nrnanicnts, 
 
 cuts, steret)tyi"' ami clcctr(ity|ic |ilatcs, metal and \v 1 I'uniitni-c ai'c ecntrallv lueatcil and con- 
 
 venient. Speaking-tuhes cnniicct witli the ullicc and |ii-css-r(i(iin, an elcvatui- Idwcrs and I'aises 
 tj'i)c-f()rms to and from tlie [iress-room, and a sniallei' clcvatnr is in use for paekaLres, |iri"il's and i-opy. 
 
 Book CoMPosiNO Dkfartmknt, No. 1. 
 
 I'.oiiK ('ii.Mi'nsiN(. l)i:r.\irrMi:\T. 
 
 The hiiok c()in|iiisino ilc| lail mcut conipiisi's the cntii'c upper lludr. and has a capacity n[ two 
 liundrcd (ictaxip paocs a dav. 'I'hc lahm' in scttino, provino'. I'cadiiiL:. corrcctint;'. inakiuL'-up and 
 
 ItooK' CmMI'i.sIX.. Ill |-AT{ IM I \ I . N... ■.:. 
 
 revising this aniduiit of typi' is simply eiiuniiiius. When we considci' that in (lie eomposilion of 
 two liundrcd octavo pages very nearly thrce-ciuarters of a million of sejiarate characters are han(lle<l 
 by the compositors, and over three-quarters of a ton of metal \n\i. into position, we get sonic idea of 
 
256 
 
 TFTE CTTY OF TREXTOX. 
 
 tlic W(irk ]>crfitriiKMl ; l)ut when we think tliat ciicli typr can lie |il:iicil (•i;;lit ilifTcrmt ways, seven 
 of wliicli are wrong ami only one riixlit, we marvel at the skill, aeeuraey and jiatieuee necessary in 
 a system wiiicii enaMes any one ollice to linish, day after day, sucli a vast amount of work with 
 searcelv an error. This standard, however, is (|uite necessary. wln'U authoi's and ]juiilishers are so 
 critical that the non-alii;ninent of a single letter, eve)i if hut a himdi-edth pail of an imli. is con- 
 sidered a serious fault and uns])arinj.dy condennied. 
 
 In this de|iartment is a com|ilete assoi-tmeiit of the plain faces, hoth oM style and I! ui, 
 
 together with the series of head-letters for title pages, headings of ehajiti'rs, iV:c., for letter-press, 
 stereotype and electrotype work ; also, fonts of (ireek, and algehraical, mathematical and medical 
 signs for scientili<- work. The type has lieeii selecteil with care, anil meets tlie wants of the various 
 classes of work riMpiiring large (piantities of special letters or characters. 
 
 The (I.vzKT'n-: hook estaiilislmient has deservedly a high re]]Utation for snpciior work, a reputa- 
 tion liuilt Up liy close application, careful management, a searching atteulion to detail, and tlioi'ough 
 knowledge, (iood work can only he ])erforme(l with perfe<-t materials and regular iiiethods, and in 
 this respect the e.xcellenee of the ( i.vzKTTK ollice is well known. 
 
 STKKKOl V l*K FoCN IHtV. 
 
 In fornu'r years a i)rinter's trade was incomiilete unless the jotn'neyman was not only a 
 master of hoth tyjie and jiresses, hut had, in addition, a smattering of half a dozen other trades, 
 and a su|ierlicial knowleilge of the dead languages. To-day, however, when the productions of the 
 press-room reach into the realms of high art, and the artistic work of the compositor is really 
 marvelous in its execution, the apjirentice tcini is insullicient to admit of his liecoming skillful 
 in more than one deiiartment, and the se])arating of the two hranches is a ncces.sity. The press- 
 room and tv]>e-composing rooms of the (lAzirrTF. are arranged according to this systiin, and the 
 results are entirely satisfactory 
 
 Sii;ui:orvi>i-; T'oinony. 
 
 A stereotype foundry is a necessary ailjuiicl to \\\i- modern printing ollice. ami in numerous 
 ways adds much to its eftVctiyeness and economy. The multiplication of plates considerahly 
 reduces the expense in working large orders — the advantage inuring alike to the |iroducer and 
 consumer. The jirocess in use is simple, admits of great rapidity in making the matiix and easting 
 the plates, and works uji what is otherwist> the waste material of an ollice. 
 
THE CITY OF tri<:nton. 
 
 ^r,: 
 
 I'i;i:ss-l!(i(i,M. 
 
 The jircss-njiiiii is in krc|iiiii; uitli tlic ntlu r wcll-iii-nuiLivil and c-uii\riiicii| i|(|j:ivtinciits uf tln' 
 luiildinj;-, and |i(isscssrs cvci-v advantaL;r nccrssary furllic c|uick. rllicimt aii'l iirdci-l\- advanccnicnt 
 of the work in its jiarticuiar splicTc. Nine |in\vi'r |nTsscs, wilii tl-u' Icrn iniia-uvcnitnts in 
 
 Book and Jor Pbess Department. 
 
 receivinir, di'livrrino, connlinL;. intlin^, fuldiuLi and |iaslino llic slicils. mirt tlir ciinsiant! v-vai'vinu; 
 demands of an I'xtcn.-ixc and inliiralc Imsinos. jlnsl and \(rniin-|iiMiif idllci- Imxc's and ink 
 
 ciihinets, racks fcir (Iryinn |irintrd slicds, (■lr\aturs i-nnniiiL: tuihc julianil 1 k i(]ni|iiisino-r(ii)nis. 
 
 .speaking-tul).:'S ednni/ctini;- with thr Imsincss and thr \ai-iiins d('|iartnicnts where mcessai'v, and 
 
 'T^ 
 
 NK\\r*rA I'KIt ri{ KJ*-S-Rf I' >M. 
 
 other conveniences, make tlie ]iress-rooni one of the hest in llie Stall'. In fact, the e(|nipnient of 
 the |)ress-riirini is as eiini|ilele as time and money can make it. 
 
 In additiiiii |i, ilic i-i'L'nlar unik ul' the press-room, tiie l)Usiness of i-ojler-makin;; for the trade 
 is a prominent fealnie. and i-eeeives the allenlion its iniporlanei' di^niands. 
 
25S 
 
 11 IK (ITV OF TUK.NTOX. 
 
 Tin; I!i.Mii.\(i l)i:i'.\i;iMi:.\T. 
 
 Tiic liiiidcrv (iccupics tln' tiiiiil tliMirof the Imilcliiii: ami is iliviiicd iiitd tlifcc ilrjjartiiicnts, 
 wliicli arc tiKiriiu.Lriily i'(|ui|i|icil witli tiir latest marliiiicry necessary fur (•(•(luoiiiical ami {'Xjn'clitious 
 work. Aiiioiiir the inipriivciiiriits ai'c three steaii) eiitters. jri-eatly surpassing; the haiiil niachine in 
 
 Ilii()K-SK\VIN(;rAN It STITt in\(i I lb, I'AIITM KNT. 
 
 overv particular tnr euttiiiu', hcsiiles savini: a Lircaf deal nf lalinriim- work. A valuaMi' aci|iiisilic 
 tit tliis di'partinciit is the fnlding niachine, wliic-h eualilcs a skiliful (ipi'ratui- Id do the work 
 several hand I'nlilii-s ; and when the Liihdes arc nicely adjusted it will I'uld much innre neatly and : 
 
 \NI> Sl-:\\INiJ DKl'AilTM KNT. 
 
 liettcr style than can lie aecdniplished manually. Al'tci- the sheets are foldeil they are ])ackcd lip in 
 hundk's, jilaced hetween hoards, suhjci-ted to hard pressure in jiatent |ii-esses especially desiiineil for 
 the ])Urpose. and lahcled ami stored awa\' until nci'ded. There is ample room in the dejiai-Imcut to 
 store fifteen tons of folded sheets, as was recently provcil. .\fter the last slieet of a hook that is in 
 press is received from the ])ress-rooiii, the hundles are luiticil and arranged .ierldtiiii, the sheets 
 
THE <ITV OF TI!KXT(»X. 
 
 259 
 
 iiaflicrcd ami ccillatcil. ainl tliin slilc|ii-il dii the inarliiiic. (ir scwnl, arc-cinliuM to tlic rci|iiirciiirii(s 
 of tlic wdik. In this |iait nf the lni>inr» llu' uiiati'st larc iici'(l>I«i lie cxci-cisiMl, as frcijuiaitlv a 
 ilii/rii 111- iiiiirc ililTcrciil Imoks ari- iiiiili r way al llic saiiic time. 'I'lic stilcliiiii!' iiiacliiiic is essential 
 if eeiiiiiiiiiy anil i-a| lii lily arr ti > I le st ni lieil. It riii|iliiys wire ami ilues its work i|niekl\- and siili- 
 stantially. tlie ri>ult Keiii'j si i-unLiei- and neater liindini; tlian if thi'ead \\a- used. 'I'lie eapaeitx- nf 
 this stitehef is eei'tainly wimdeifnL With an e\|iert ii|iei-atiir, a ui-eat deal nf wmk can he dune in a 
 vefy shiil't time. It is hy far the hest lahi ir-sa\ ini; inaeliine in the hindei-y. 'I'wu standinir [ife.sses 
 ai'e I'eiUlifed tn |il'ess the dilTeienl i-cilids iif \\iill<. and t w 1 1 |iai;inL; maehines ai'e used, inie of which 
 nnmiiefs fiom to one less than a million. They ai'e needed for |ia;:im: hiank-hooks and for 
 nnnihefiiiL: elieek-liooks, eertilieates, 111- any elass of work that rei|nires ninnheriiii;-. Thi-i-e is. also, 
 in this ile|ia:-tnient a steam sawini; mai-hiiie. \\hieli does it- work \ei-\ neatl\- and rapidh-. It is 
 almo.-t imlis|iens.-ilile in a w-i-ll-a|i|ioinlei| hindi-ry. To ke(-|i n|i with the exi-r-ini-i-easinLr w m-k of 
 the olliee. it « as fonml neeessary to inlrodiH-e the mai-hiiies refen-ed to. With thi-ii- help work' ean 
 he done niUi-h ehea|ier than otherwise, and, as .-i n.-itural i-onsei|ni-nee. iheie i- nini-li inoi-e of it to 
 lie done th.-ni liefoi-e their int roduetioii. The hiiidei-y i,- in uool shape to tnin out work at verv 
 shol-t iiotiee. and the low piiee- i-liai-i;ed e.-nniot fail to enmnianil tin- .-itleiitinn of the pnhlie. 
 
 I!lI.TM:-i!<ioM. 
 
 In tills I'oom all the i-uIIhl: for lilank-himk-. hill heads, lellii- and imte heads, t^'e.. is done on 
 an iinpriiv.-d steam rulin-_; niaehine. .\ patent -ti-iker is attaehed to it. li\- which certain kind- of 
 wo|-k mav he done very i-xpedil ii aisly : al-o ai-c stoi-ed liei-e the dilTcrent kind- of hoards ii.-i-d in 
 
 I HI- vit-r\i KN r. 
 
 l>indin<r, .such as tar, cloth, fiillci-'s, straw. truid<, honnd, \-<-. I'ali-nt talile slieafs afc ttsed to <-iit 
 the hoards to the various sizes feiniired 
 
 The ilhistr.-itioiis mi these paizes show the ( i AZiiril-: hnildinL; in \x'>'i. and siihsei|iieiit yi-ars w itli 
 the iliiin-ovcnielits made thereon at intervals up to the present liinc \\ hen the last im])i-ovciii(-iit 
 Wiis made, a few yeafs a,ir<i. an addition of nearly foity per cent, in Hour space was •.'aiiied. wiiich 
 
 it was tlmUL'ht uonld acconn l.-ilc the hnsiiicss for some time to come, luit willi Die elilarjieil 
 
 ((Uurters and facilities lor more rapidly cxccutiii.t;- onh-rs. eainc im-rcasi-d demands, and imw- every 
 t'iMit of availidile S|>aee is in ttse. 
 
 At this time, ton, the hook and joli printiii-- depart nt received especial allenlion, and many 
 
 liimdreil fonts of worn-out and old-fashiom-d ty|ie were tlirown away, and a new and niucli larfrer 
 su|iply procured, which includes all tin- standard and new face-. .\n examination will conviuee 
 the most skepti(-al of the truth of our claim, that a larL'<-r ami lim-r collection does not exist in New 
 Jersey, and is surpassed hy few estahlisiimciits in tin- I nion. 
 
CII.\l''l'Kli XXXI. 
 
 riiASKs OF (■n■^■ i.if 
 
 'PiiK TKHNrnN Makkkts — 'I'm:!!: lliMr.i.h; r.i;(.i\MM;s AM> I'i;i;>i:nt Siatis — A llisidin' of Somk 
 (ir ■riii', ()i.iii:i; ('rr\' Stkiokts — l!i\i:i,' I .Mi'i;n\i:.M|.:NTs — Attkmi'ts Wiinii 1Ia\f, IIki'.n Madk 
 To l\ii'i;uvi: iiii: I )i:i.a\\ akk — l'\\ii.ri;i': i<v am, tiiksk l'iin,ii:(Ts — Tiij-; 1'ui:si:nt ('(iNnnioN iiF 
 THE I'uoni.KM — .liillN 1-"FIi'II AMi iii< Si'i:a m i;( ja t. 
 
 '"''' l!lCN"r()X. .-IS ;i criitri- I'm- ;i l;i rLT'' :i'-;i'ii'iill iii-nl ili~trii-l ami i1- pali-iit ailvaiitascs as a 
 
 )^ ^liiplpiiiL;- pdiiit. via l>iiiliaiu Imal ami >liallii|i, was i-ai'ly rrcalcil a market town. 
 
 ^ I'mli r ami liy \irtnc of tln' |ii-c-l!i\ ulntioiiai-y inc-o:|iiiratinii ot ilji' ■■ Borougli 
 
 ']h\ Town ol' 'rrciitoii," We lind fairs crci-trd in tlic vill.-iiic This is proliaMv the 
 
 oriixin of the Trrnlou marki'ls. An investigation fails to locate any niarkct-lionsc 
 
 lieforc llir l!c\olntion, altlioui^li one |ii-oli,aMy fxisti'il. In fact, the lii'st allnsion 
 
 to the snhj<'c-t is in the Tow n- I'.ook. umh-r ilalr of M.n-ih. IT^o. whrrchy .lames 
 
 i. ^ ('lia|iman airrees to |iay thirty shilliiiL:s pel' ycai' for one of the " Stalls in the Mai-ket 
 
 Q) I lonse."' This eililil-e was nmlel' the eal'e of the town nuiLHst rates ami ( )verseers of 
 
 the i'ooi-. When this market was huilt no one has yet aseert.aiiuil. That the 
 
 liuihlinL;" lieeanie antii|nateil at Ihi- time is heyonil ilouht. ( )ne of the evidenees of this is to h(> 
 
 found in the proeeedini;s (if Col .n Couneil in IT'.'.! (l)eeemher "_".lth i, when Charles .\\foi'il 
 
 l-t'i)(irted he had sold the old maiket for L-") Is. IDd. This mai-ketdiouse st 1 in the middle of 
 
 W'.-irren street, fronlini: the jnnetioii of that tlioronL;hfai-e at ."^tate ~tii'<-t and extnidim; noilh sixty 
 feet. Here were loeateil the town pump, stocks ol' pilloivand w]iippini:-]iosl. Tradition has it 
 tliat the whip|)inir-]iost was stolen on a dark nii^ht. 
 
 ( )ii .luly ISIlh, IT!'.'-'), Council decided to l(\hld a new ni.arketdiouse. This was upon State street, 
 hetweeli Hniad and Warren, "leavini:' a sipiare from Kin^' [now lli-oad] to the marketdiouso of 
 lifty-cight feet." The i-onnnittee of i-onstiniclion was composed of Chai'les .\xford. .lames B. 
 Macliette and .Aaron llowell. .\ house for truck and oni' for meat were erected, with a llaji pave- 
 ment hftween them. These wci'e removed in ISh"). and the ones on (ireene (now IJroad) street, 
 were erected, the latter heinjr enlarged in 1.S4N. In 1>^7li they too were icmoved. 
 
 On Market street, on ^lill Hill, fronfini; I'.rcjad. >to,,d a maikct. Itsoi-i^in is of a most misty 
 eharacter, hut it is known that its second story, supported hy <-iL;lit stroui; lirick columns, was used 
 as a si'iiool-room. This was the Mill Hill .\cademy. a pi'imary institution ascimpaicd with the 
 Trenton .\cademy. A steejile. with lu'lfry. c|-owncd this editice. The mai'ket itself, with (pidy li\<' 
 stalls, eonld in no sense com pete with the Trenton markets, and in IS.'IT. the lower story was devoted 
 to the Iviirle Fire ('oiii|)any as an enfrine-liouse. 
 
 The incorporation of Mill Hill and South 'i'rentou saw the ilcmolitiou of this structure. The 
 old market iiave way to another huildin;.'. 
 
 The matter liaving for a lonj; time heen agitated of huildinjr a market-house for the henelit of 
 the lower wards of the city, ami Council haviuj,' passed an ordinance to that effect, it was erected in 
 Market street, east of Broad street, in l.St.">, hy private enterprise. 
 
 .\h(Hit tlie same time tliat the market was luiilt on Mill Hill, one was erected in Hloomshury, 
 at the corner of Warren and Bridge streets, ojniosite tlu; former store of J^ewis Parker. This was a 
 
Till" CITY OF 'niKN'roX. 
 
 ■_'(il 
 
 f 7" 
 
 rr.'inic liiiililiiiL:. :iim1 (Hi-ii|iicil lln riilirr walk mi I lie wrst siili' nT llic strrct. This mai-kcl \\ as liiiit;i'r 
 lliaii llic (iiic "II Mill Hill, yrl niiicli iiai-n iwcr. ami c-dulaiiii'd scxi-ii stalls. ()ii t lie castrni siilr 
 tlirrcwas 11(1 ImiiI |i.-itli. as il ciaciciI ilu- liutlcr :iiii| i-xlciiilnl inl"tlic |iiililir road. ()ii (lir \Vi--t 
 siilc till re was snHiiiriil iMdin lirlwcrii llir 1 1 la iki •! - 1 M uisr ami llir IVinr fur llii' passaLir nl' a siiii^lc 
 inili\ iilu.il. 
 
 ( )ii llir lii'^t 111' .\|.ril. ISTO. 'I'a\ liiv Market, l.iiilt Ky llir lloii. .Inlin 'i^u Im-. was tliidwii (.|Mai to 
 tlir |nil>lir. 'riir liuiMiiiu'. as |iriijrrtrcl. was li ft v-i >i k • l.y mir liiiiHlrrd ami twciilx^ tVrt. ami rimlains 
 fruit, meat, lisli .■iml vriirtalilr st.alls. 'i'lic cusl uf tin- laiililiuLi was .■s:;(l,()(l(). Slmrllv aftrr ilio 
 crrrtiiin of 'Taylor MarkrI. Saiiiiirl K. W'ilsnn ami .lamli It. l-'icrsr Imilt a iiiaikrt on Chaiirrrv 
 strrrt. on tlir run irr of all .-iliry w liirli was | irarl ira My au ra si rn I r.\lrlisioii of ( jiiaiTX' allrv. 
 
 A main lniiMiiiL; fi'oiiliiit; on ('hami ly >liirt is liflv li\- nnr liiiiidrril fn^l. and was pfovidril 
 witli.-i larL;r iiiiiiilMa' iif stalls. .\ larurliall wasal iii-st usrd :i- .-i iiirrliiiL;-| .lai-r fur \ai-ious sorirt irs. 
 lull llir \rntnrr was iirxcr |irolilalilc. .\t prrsriit. l''|-i'rsr M.-irkrl is tln' ('riit|-al I'olin- Slaliiiii. 
 llir hall lirilii;- ihr |iolirr Liy 1 1 1 1 lasi II 1 1 1 and Ihr anlr-roonis di'\iilrd |m IIu' iiiiv|iom> of Ihr riilii-c 
 ( 'olilllli-sionrl--. 
 
 Thr roni|i.any ronijirisiiiLi llir W'a-hin^lon Maikrt \vas lonnrd I )r(iaiili(a' 1"i|li. ISC'.I. and the 
 association w.as iiiror|)iivalrd hy :in art of the l.rLjislalnrr. I''rhriiaiy si h. 1 S7n. 'i'ln' inroi-|ioi'alors 
 wcrr (Irorur Fit/;ii'orL;r. Adam ivNton, .lii-r|ili 1!. Yard. John 'i'aylor, llrni\- \. jlailon. ('as|irr 
 IMartino, Jmlali and Cliailrs .Moni'r. .losr|)li (i. llnar^ 
 
 Iry, David Naar. Hmiy 1'.. Ilowrll, David .Maiiko ^ ' ^" 
 
 and .lohn F. i\lrin. 
 
 ■["hr (iriLiilial liroji'rtol's nf this iii:ii-krt W rl-r I |riiry 
 
 N. r.artoii, .lip-r|ili 11. ^■.•l^d and ( lrori;i' l-'it/t:coi;:r. 
 'I'hrir lii>l (Pi'L;ani/.:ition was .as aliovr dr^rrilnMl. and 
 thr aniounl Mih-riilird sr.O.nni). '{"hr rral rslalr |.nr- 
 rhasrdcost .^O'.I.OIIIl. and thr liiiildiii- s:;!!, I )( II I, makill.r 
 in all .SlOo.Oni). 
 
 Thr iiiai']<rl lias larLic halls, and is wrll ada|itrd 
 for armory |)in'|iosrs. 
 
 On thr llo.ad stivrl fnnil. :ihoilt thr middle of 
 this market, i- a handsome Krow iislone sl;ilne of 
 \\'asliinL:toii. li\- Thoiii. the Lirrat Seoteh sriil|ilor, 
 made of >toiir l.akrn from Xrw .Irrsrv i|iiai'i'ies. .■iml i- 
 an adliiiralile likeness of llie I'alhei-of his ('oiiiilrw 
 This monmiieiil \\.as mneilrd on Minidaw ihr 'JCiih uf 
 Drrriiiliia', 1X711. llir iii i ie1 \- li fl 1 1 a n I ii\ cr-a r\' of the 
 OVir-liiemoralile ra|itui'e of Ihe Ilessi.ilis. The address was delivered li\- ('. ( '. il.iveii. I\si|nile. 
 and the |iresenl:ilioii nf Ihe liihlilin'.i was iinide li\- \iee ('haiieellor .\lfird Itrrd. and llir arre|i|aiiri' 
 hy the late Ihni. Daviil .\aar. I'lvsidiail of Ihe as^oeialioii. 
 
 Allolhel- Vllltlire. ealled the ('elllr.ll .Malkel. silll.lled n|iiai Slnrklon sll'rrl. on llle rolllrr of 
 
 l''ront. was unprorHalilr. The huildini: wa^ oih' >|iir\' liiLili. and i-o>t .•< ll'.IKK ). 
 
 The markets of Treiitoii ai'e well su|p|iliid. Fish and shell-lish from ihe sea : early fruits and 
 V('fi;L'tabk'S from solilhein New .lersey, with |.eaehes and a|i|ile< from liie U|i|irr Delaware hills, 
 together with sta|iles fi-oni ihi' near-hy farms. re|iresenl. in pari, llie Slate produc-lions. The spriaal 
 freifrlits, lirinjiiiifr to I'hil.idrlphia Ihr \.irird liixnrirs of Ihr Soulli. i;ive to Trmton in midwinlrr 
 all till' advantaLic's of .-i mr|rop<ilis. Xrw >'ork. I hr impoiliiiL; criilrr of Fnropcan and Wrst Indian 
 ]iro(lurts. lands tlirm in mir rit v alinosi as >ooii ,i> Aw has I hem in her ow n m.irket.~. W illi rcason- 
 alile prices. Ti-cnton ha- a market system of which she is rijihtfully proud. 
 
 
 ■r\ 
 
 ■&6SU2L.L^ 
 
 ^'-^Mp" 
 
 'riiK oi.i) (Jkkmnk sthki;t Mahkht. 
 
 .\ Ilis-roiiv OK SoMK oi'' 'rni-: ()i,iiia; Crrv STifKirrs. 
 
 liefore and durinn the Revolution the main streets of the city of Trmton seem to ha\e lieen 
 (iuecn .street (now Ilroad ). KIiil: (now Wai-reii ). l'"ronf. Second (now State). Third ( now IlanoviT) 
 illid Fonrtli (now .\cailcniy ). Smaller eonnectini.' .alleys were also naiucd. i*emiin.i.'toii pike, 
 I'rineelon Jiikc, the ixiver road, llloomshury roail i Warnn street) arc not yet forgotten. 
 
■2i\-2 
 
 TlIK (TIV OF TUK.NTON. 
 
 -.^;- 
 
 lJl{o.\l> SlKI- I.I . [,U(iKlN(; NoUTM lICiiM STATK Si 1{ KKT. 
 
 Fidiii Clia|itir IX. (City OriliiKiiiccs, ITil'-l) we learn tliat tlio vaiious streets of Treiitim were 
 
 kiinwii as rullows : l^rmit street extemleil froiii (Ireeiie ( Broad ) to the State House yard : State street, 
 
 ealled Seeoiid. ran t'roni Ilanlou's mills to ISeally's fen-y ; llie street leadinj;' IVoni llic •• l'"ri'einasons' 
 I.odjre."" wliieli was on the corner of l'"ront and Willow. Ihe oM lniildini: still standinir, to the Potts 
 
 lanyard, was Willow. This 
 was so eallid from the t'aet 
 that this tree formerly shaded 
 i'etty's run. The street lead- 
 ing; froni the tanyard end of 
 Willow street to the road run- 
 ninir from P>eatty"s ferry to i'en- 
 ninnton avenue, whieh mad 
 is now Calhoun street, was 
 (Quarry street. Warren street 
 was ealled liotli Kinjr strei-t 
 and .Market street, ami was 
 latei- nanu'd in honor of (ien- 
 ei'al Warren, of Itevolutionarv 
 lame. Piroad, earlier ealli/d 
 I ^Miei'U and later ( ireeue, eoni- 
 iiiemoratini;' the jialriot. (Gen- 
 eral (ireene, was mentioned in 
 lids list. .Montu'omery street 
 extended fl'iim .lolni itiekev's, 
 liy the Friends" meetin<i-honse, 
 where it joined Hanover street. 
 
 Till- House of Ihuioxei-. associated with the fiiiLilish thi-oiic. was also thus recoi^njzcd liel'orc the 
 
 PcNolution, The street Iea<linL; fi'om lie' .Millmdist meetinu-house. which stood on the corner 
 
 of ilroad and .\cademy, to Mont.i;omei-y, had l>y this time Keen called .\eademy. 'i'his was due 
 
 to the liuildini;- of the Trenton 
 
 Academy on the north side of 
 
 the thoroujrhfaic in the ycai' 
 
 1 7.S 1 , 
 
 The streets of thi' city were 
 
 at this time uniler the direction 
 
 of thi'cc Sticet Conmiissioneis. 
 
 who were directi'd to "]iroeUl'e 
 
 small hoards, with the names of 
 
 the streets painted thci-coii, to 
 
 he |iut U|i an<l fastencMl on the 
 
 liousesat or near the corners of 
 
 eaeii street."" These conmiis- 
 
 sioners were to rej;ulate the 
 
 matter of olistruetiuL' the hi;.di- 
 
 ways. and of i_'riiclini: and pav- 
 
 iuii: the sidewalks, of ••iindim; 
 
 the level " of the streets and 
 
 of direciini: the hnildiuL; of 
 
 houses '"on j^rade. 
 
 I!y 1S4-J this list of 
 
 streets had hec'U considerahl v 
 
 increa.sed. "The street fr Warren to (h-ccuc street hy \\"illiam Potts" to tlii^ road leading to 
 
 l,an^stroili"s mills hy (u'orL'e Sherman"s shall l.e ealled Perry street.'" This tliorou.L'hfare was laid 
 
 out after the hattle on Pake JMie and was named in honor of Comniodori' Perry. The street leadinir 
 
 from Warren to Willow, hy .McXcily"s tanyard, was ealled L'nion street. The .street loading from 
 
 W.\I<UKN STKKK.T, LudKIN.i NOKTII nt<i.M STATK STIIKKT. 
 
TlIK CITY OF TliKXToN. 
 
 2(;:i 
 
 
 A\'il low street toward Saimicl I >ickiiisiiirs, tln'<mo|i tlic cilil llinlirr estate, was to l)e calleil Spriiijr. 
 'I'lii' street lietween Fruiil and I he Assaii|iiid<. e\teiidiii;i' IVinii nld (Ireeiie sti'eet t(] (lie southeast 
 eoruer of the State House yard was known as W'ashinulon. I'eaee street led I'loin tin- tVont of 
 William Haneoek's ho\i-e on k'nait -ti'iel toward the Assanpink ereek. I »ela\\are stri'el had heen 
 dedicated hy ex-Senatoi- Wall, 
 and ( ha uneey street, named in 
 liouor of tile family of thai 
 name, extended from Warren 
 h. Willow, 
 
 In 1 S47, after the removal 
 of the niaikets, Seeonil street 
 was eliani;-e(l to State street, A II 
 that |ioilion oast of Warii n. 
 forniiily called ]{!ast Second, 
 hecame k'ast State, The same 
 rule a|i|ilied to the western por- 
 tion of the lhoroni;hfai-e. 
 
 In Au,uust, 1SI7, ihc-y-tem 
 of house-nundiei-iiiL; was in-ti- 
 tllted. .\t this time hciian the 
 selaane of continuous nund'cr- 
 iufi, like that einjiloyed .it ilic 
 present time in New ^'oik Cilx, 
 'I'll!' I'hiladelpliia ,-ystcm, of 
 even liundreds to eacji M,„.k, is ia„,M, s,,.,.:,:,, i ,n„ s,„ ,„ ,,.,>, i-, MK^ ^,„k, ,, 
 
 a mueli later innovation. 
 
 In 1S4'.I— ")(), the main part of W'c.-I ( 'anal -t rcct w as ali.andoiicil. The projcctoiv i if tlii- llio|-i ini;h- 
 fnro had in mind the construction of a luo^id plaza on citlici ~idc the can:d, where lar.iic sloi-cs and 
 mereantilu estaljlishments could he ci-cc|ed. It is needlo^ lo.-ay that the plan proved ahortive, 
 
 it was not until ls">(l that 
 the we>t ^idcof jiroad, lictwceli 
 Slatcainl l'"i'ont, w as luiiforml v 
 paxed. In this ve.ai' Henrv 
 .\h ( all and ('li:nlotte. hi> w i fc, 
 dedicated land to x\ ideli i''ront 
 street, lietween .M ( ■nl i;oniel-v 
 .and Stockton streets. In ISoJ, 
 ihroUL-di land dedications made 
 from May to Oi-tohcr. INoO, 
 ('.irioll, kAviuL;', ICIizaheth, 
 < (lidcii. Southard. Cross, ]Mon- 
 iiionth, 'rnckei-, 1! i n i:.i;olil , 
 r.ariies and ('oimueree streets 
 liccanie part of the thoroULdi- 
 f.iies of Trenton. In 1S.")1. 
 the Millhani road, now called 
 ( 'linlon axeiiue, was extended 
 to the .\ssanpink ca'cek, 
 
 l>y I.Sol, the sidewalks 
 leading throuLth the center of 
 the city were lir.adcd and 
 eurlied, paved or .irravcled. In this year, in Soiilh Trenton, the main slicels laid out for piihlie 
 use were Ferry, liloomsliury, rniou. Market, I'.riduc Fall, l.amhcrton, Decatur and Centre, which 
 was then called Secnud ,-treel. \\ this lime thei-e were Iwoluioii streets in the city, one in the 
 Second ward and one in the Futntli ward. 
 
 S'M'-iii SI UK (H* Sr A ri: Sri;i:i:r, \Vi>r mom Ci.inih.n Aviinck 
 
204 
 
 TlIK CITY OF TRENTON. 
 
 IJlMvn > 1 lilj-'l, L'tiiKINi. N"KI1I I l;o\1 l.\iliii;\ .Sll;l.l,l. 
 
 Ill \>>'>l, tlic town i-ffiuiri'd sidewalks on Jackson, McrciT, Kosc, .Mill and I.iviniiston streets. 
 .\l this time tile name of HloomsKurv roa<l in the old l)on)Uj.di of South Trenton mer>;es into tluit 
 of Warren street. The system of street e.xteiision eontimicd with irreat rapidity. Ahout this time 
 the town develo]iment of ('hamliershurir led to the layiiiu' out of many new thoroii.^difares, wliilst in 
 
 .Millham thehy-roads and alleys 
 soon arew into the dimiitv of 
 streets. 
 
 In isii'.l. Chancery court, 
 i|Miii which was located the 
 ild Clinncei'v huildinjr, was e.x- 
 lended to Hank street. The 
 ' hanccry liuildiiiL.' was a larjre 
 -liucture which faced State 
 -licet and occu]iied the site of 
 the Trust Comiiany's huildinjr. 
 The State Street House, which, 
 duriiiii the eai'ly part of the 
 present cciilury. was tlie l''.\ecu- 
 
 tivc I'l'sidellce. stood 1 iV its 
 
 (>astcni side. jiank street was 
 e.illed after the cild State I'.ank. 
 
 which St 1 on Warren street, 
 
 .Mid is iKiw iis<.'d as a hardware 
 and tin sturc. 
 
 In the early seventies, at- 
 tempts were nia(U> to ini])rove 
 the rejiion known as the "Swaiii|i."" which is uiidiuihtcilly the true Icication of the oriuinal "■ Little- 
 worth." Its main thoroujrhfarc was Woodnilf -ti'cet. wliicli liad lici-ii dedicated hy the heirs of 
 James .liihnsoii. It was located in 1S|7. the name hciiiL; later chanticd to .\llen street. Prospiet 
 street had hccn opened, Cal- 
 houn's lane had liecome Cal- 
 houn street. In iSC,;!. l-:;i>t 
 State street was e.xtendi'd 
 throuLdi the Tci'dicaris propcrt \' 
 to the .\ssaiipiiik creek. Liivinu' 
 direct ci>nimunicali(in w itii all 
 the territory lyiii^ east of the 
 Assanjiiiik. In IXT'I. West 
 Hanover street liecame estah- 
 lislieil as the name of (Quarry 
 street, and, in l.S(i7, Princeton 
 and Brnnswiik jiikes hccamc 
 avenues. 
 
 The city system of paved 
 streets was haseil u]ion that 
 ado])tcd hy l'hiladel])liia. The 
 dirt roads uradually hecaiiie 
 covered with the river cohhlcs. 
 This was the method employed 
 on Broad and State streets, an<l, 
 in fact, until tlie ]>resent year 
 
 flSO.")) the cohhle i.avement remained on West State street. In ISTC a Ti^lford ]>aveiiieiit was 
 ordered laid on Clinton avenue, from Slate street to the I'.elvidere Del.iware iiriiljre, and Perry 
 street was paved in like nianner from Clinton avenue to Southard street. In is^I tlie Clinton avenue 
 |)avenient was eontiiiue<l to the city line, l>el,i.'ian hlocks hein.i,' used. In IsTti perry street was 
 ordered paved with Bcltrian hlocks from Southard street to Jjroad street. 
 
 St.VTK SrUKKl-, l.nuKINti WlvST KKOM BltnAI> Sl'KKKT. 
 
THK CITY OF TI!KXT()X. 
 
 205 
 
 'riic Nicdlxili Wdiidrli ]i;i\c'liiclit rra/.c. wliicli ) i|-.i(l i(;i 1 1 y lllilicil l^lizal icI li. New .Icrscv. caUSi'il 
 l!i-(iail stiTrt t" 1)0 thus ]ja\r(liii 1^71. Thai sictidii uT I'.roail stnrt hi-twccn ^hl|■kl■l and 'ra\-|ur 
 was |ia\T(l wilh licluiaii hlniksin I S7'_'. which ]ia\i'iiirnl w a- cdiil iiiucd lu tlic .\>saii|iiiik in 1^77. 
 Ill 1S7<; and h^77 the |initi(in liuni thi' rvrrk {n Perry street was laid in Uke manner. 
 
 ■|1ie asphahuni hldek ]iavenii'nt on Ivist Slide street was kdd hy (irchnanee (if iNS.'i. theurauite 
 [pavement nn the remaiiiinu' ]iiirtiiins u|' the sti-eel lieina laid in >m;dl seelinns at xaiidu- lime<. 
 
 W'itlnn the last live years the \ ilrilieil hiiik |ia\-enieiils on .hieks(.n >treit, ( 'liestnul ami ( d'ecn- 
 wiidil axcnnes, Niirth ('lintnu aveniu- and West State street ha\e heen lai(L I'.rnnswiek ax'einie lias 
 alsii heen |iavcd with asphaltum li|nik>. At |ireMnt all the Lirral arteiie> ut tra\-el in llie loiiLiesled 
 
 |"ilti.ill '>r the city are ]iavell. with the e.\ee|itiiill I'f W'e^t llal|n\er sllcet. relinillLitiill avenue. ICasI 
 
 State street heynnd t'lintnu avonue, and Sti'iklun street. 'I'Ihmi'jIi laekini:- in unifdrmitv. uwini;l(i 
 the fact that nn general system was nhsei-xcd, thi' pax'emeiit^ are well laid and nsiiallv well cleaned. 
 With the e.xtensiiin (if the "■ ,u:iHi(l riiail " mnvement and the linililim; df ( iusIhmI stdne rdads Id the 
 liear-hy tdWn<hi]iS there is e\-ery indiealidn that Trentdn will feel Ihe elTect of >neh aetinn. The 
 s|iii-it dfthe tdwii is tdward e(inser\alisni in llie matter (if street iiavini;. |iarli(ailarl v afl(a- :i review 
 
 df Ihe hilter e.Xjieriellees (if 
 l"]li/alietli. Uahway and .Ici'^cv 
 ('ity and (iiie nr l\\(i diher 
 neardi\- tdwns. 
 
 IS. JF 
 
 ScKNH (P-V N(PHTH Cl.fN'T(P.V AVI' 
 
 l!l\'i:i,' I Mi-ia p\i;mi:.\ts. 
 
 In cdldiiial liino lillle 
 elTdi-l was made tn ini|ird\-e 
 the I N'hnvare river. ( 'ertaiii it 
 is. thai a liri'ater IkhK' df water 
 |passei| lp\' ihe t(PW n. .mikI tli.al 
 t he aiiKPiint df silt and detriUis 
 was milch less than at ]iresenl. 
 kiirthernidii'. the shalhips, 
 -l(id|is, yachts and |)in-|iani 
 hdals which came td the tdw ii 
 were iidt df -uliicieiil draiifilit 
 Id nece>sitale the dee|ienina- iif 
 the chamii'l. The Sllhject of 
 inland navifialidli, which pre- 
 ceded the ai;ilalidn fur ihe c( p|istrncli( m (pf riiih'p pads, led IIhpsc liasimi' :in interest in interstate 
 cipliimerce 1(1 advdcafe the iinprdvcmenl (if Ihc Uelaware river. The Ihiw df water was very sl(p\\ly, 
 hut none the less surely. (IccrcasiiiL:. and the \-essels cipiiiini; Id Treiildii were inerc^asinii' in tdiinaue. 
 Liunlierton had heen made a l:(p\ (a'limcnt pui't li\' ad nf l'dn,t;'ress, and tlu' "river trade" had 
 therehy i-ecei\'ed an impdilant sliinnlus. 
 
 ( )ne df the eai'licst iiKivements Iddkini; IdW.-inl ihe deepenini;' ni' the l>elaw;ire is In he fdinid in 
 i><ll. \\ hell inhahitants (pf II untenhin and lliirliiiL:tdii cdimlii- presiaited a pelitidii relative td the 
 reiiidxaldf the -andhar (HI I'ei'riw II; islaial hclipw I .anil pci|( pii. w liicli was referred In a (■(immillee (if 
 tli(^ Ildiise, wild, on the seventh df Fehruary. rejidrtcd that •■frum the inl'ornialidii the commitlee 
 had reeeive(l. it was evident that the said sandhar is a eoiisiderahle (p|pslrueti(pn and injury to the 
 
 naviLiati(pn of the said river, and that its re \al wdiild he df t;reat piihlie aihanlai/c ; that tdwards 
 
 the aecdnipjishnieiit of this dhjecl IcLrislativc iiiterfereiice is sdlicited — first, in furiii-^liiii>;- pecuniary 
 aid to the undertaking' ; seciiiidlv. in alTdrdini;- liherly In enter updii and reiiidve the ohstriletidiis. 
 tile river heiiii: cdiisidered a puhlic hiiihwav under leL;islalive (MiilrdI : thai with respect td the lii'.-l, 
 the sum neeessarv to remove the ohstructions is estimated at from ten to lifleeii thousand dollars : 
 that the T,ei:islature can only furnish this in one df two ways — eillier hy a iiraiit from the treasury, 
 which, as the funds therein are raised hv taxes ei|Ually from exaa-y pari of the Slate, lliey do iml 
 helieve the I.eirislat uri.' \voulil Ik.' willing.'- to make to a purpose in which much the uTea test pari of 
 !•■■ 
 
2f;f; 
 
 TiiK CITY OK 'n;i:.\iox. 
 
 the- Slate can liavr no inuiicdiate intiTcst ; nr liy a luttci'v, which, from tlic ojiposition already 
 manifested to tiiis mode of raisinj; money for local ohjects. the committee ]iresume the House is not 
 |>re|iai'ed to allow: that with respect to the secon<l point on which legislative interference is 
 re(|liested, the committee conccixe it i-i a<onalilc and i-iiiht that llie desiiv- of the applicants shonhl 
 ln' j;ranted, and therefore reconiimaid that they have leave to pie-ent a liill Lrivinir the lihertv of 
 cnterinir upon the said puMic hiirhway and removing:' the said ohstruc-tion.'' An act for improving; 
 the navi,L!ation of the river Delaware ]iasscd upon the eif,diteenth of Fi'i)ruary of that year. Amonii 
 the earlv plans, it may l>e noticed that upon N'ovemher "i'.lth. 1><(I'.I. a liill was ])assed authori/.injr 
 Samuel Wriiiht, .li'., and ( ieoriic Hill to luiilil a wiiii: dam in the river i)ela\vare for the pui'pose of 
 conveyini:- the waters thereof into the .\ssanpink creek alio\c theii- oil mill. 
 
 Xovemlier 1 1th of the same year, an act was jiassid to authorize the liuildinj: (jf a lock in the 
 river Delaware foi- the improvement of the navii^atioii of the I'ivcr. 
 
 .lanuarv 2-lth, h^ll, William L. I'rall ami .laeoK l.andiert were ant hoi-i/.e(| liy lepislativc enact- 
 nu'Ut to erect a wiuL' dam in the Delaware ri\ii\ 
 
 On the foiu-th of Fehruary. IS].'). Daniel W. Co.xe, Samuel Wii<jht. .Ir.. .iml I'eler T. Smith 
 were authorized to liuild a wini; dam in the ri\er Delawai'e oppii~iti' Market >treet. and lo|ia\i-a 
 
 lock in the same, where it 
 <-rossed that jiai't of the river 
 on the east side of Yard's Is- 
 land, of such size and dimen- 
 sion that 1 Unliam hoats of thc' 
 lariicst size and othi^r craft 
 may pass up and throui^h the 
 same w ith I'ase and safety ; the 
 lock to he not les~ than twenty 
 f<-et wiile. 
 
 .\llliou.i:h for the ]iast 
 fifty years charters jiave heen 
 Lrranted, coinjianies formed and 
 stock suliscriptions taken, 
 nothinir has yet lieen actually 
 doiu' to dam the i'i\'er. Suf- 
 lieient powir dailx' passes thi' 
 city to supply li'.^lit anil heat 
 to prixate and puhlie institu- 
 tions, and to set in motion the 
 wheels of our factories, yet the 
 loss of cnerL'v is still charLred 
 to municipal iiculeet. In fact, no maleiial pidL;ress has hci-u in.ade in this matter since the 
 t-oustruction of the W.atei- Power, ami TrciUon i^ pi-aetically in the >ame po>ition in the matter as 
 she was during: the Ihvolution. 
 
 The sulijeet of ri\ci- impi-oxcments sULTiicsts the .attempts of the famous .1 oh n l''iteh in i-onnectiou 
 with the naviiiation of the Delaware liy steam. In 17(>!l, Filch reached TreiUon from Connecticut, 
 anil worked at various mechanical devices as an a|>prentice in Clmnrs hrass Imtton factory and in 
 W'iUon's silvei'smithy. Fitch's ^■ankee iuLiciuiity L:ave him a money-makiiiL: reput.ation. and at 
 the outlireak of the Kevolution his shop ami its contents were estimated at >*;!,(HH) when the llritish 
 army entered the \illaire of 'rreiilon. The t roups w ere attracted to it. hccause he had lariic coiitraet.s 
 for the rejiair of .\nieriean arms. The\- proeeeiled to liurn the estalilishment. and destroy the tools 
 and all his visihlc jimpcrty. 
 
 He was a i.ieutenant at N'alley i'lii'trc, and ■■armourer" to the ( 'onnnittee of Safety. Durin'_' 
 tile occupation of Trenton. i'"itch was in iiucks county, and. haviui: e.N|ierienced an attack of rheu- 
 matism, his mind hecanu' lient on ■' uainiui:- a force hy steam " and relicviiii; himself of the disad- 
 vantaires of locomotion. 
 
 Stacy I'otts was one of the company formed to assist l'"iteh in his experiuieiu,-. and he and 
 Lsaac Smith. Ilohert Pearson. Jr., Samuel Tucker, .\lirahani Hunt. Iteusselacr Williams, John 
 and Cliarles C'lunn. and others of Trenton, t^ave their nanu's to the ap|ilication to the i.cuislalure, 
 
 1 H IS I "N lie 
 
THE flTV OF TI!K\TO\. 
 
 267 
 
 which (il)taiiii'(l fur liiiii I'lHirlcrn years' cxchisivc jirivilrL;!' mi thi'^ >i(lc nf the llclawarc. (Aft of 
 
 Maiih ISth. 17'^(i. I His Ijiiat. ■" I'l'iscvrraiicr."' niailc s(\(|-al tii|j.- hctw.cu l'hilaih'l|iliia and 
 
 'I'li'iiton ill that year. 
 
 It was ]iriih,ihly III' n\\r iif I'itch's i-x|irriiiii'iits ((iiiciTiiiiiL; whiih llciiiaiiiiii l""raiil<liii wmtc 
 
 in IT'^'^: "Wi' lia\c nn |ihil(i<()|ihiral news hcic [l'hilai|(li)hia] at ]iii'siiit. except that a hoat 
 
 iiiii\i'il hy a sleaiii-eiiiiinc. rows itself against tide 
 in unr ii\er. ami it is a|i|ii-ili( iiilcil the cdiistruc- 
 li'in may he sn siiii|)liliei| and inipiMved as to 
 hecdilie liCniTalU' n>efiil," 
 
 'Pheiv is a letler of Fitch to Stacy Potts, 
 dated l'hila(hl|iiria, July l^Sth. l7S(i, in which he 
 
 I'KNKs Al.t'Ni. TllK lJl-,1 AW AUK. 
 
 exjife-ses the greatest satisfaction in 
 hi;; ))i-usijects : ••\\'e jiave now tried 
 every jiart, and reduced it tn as i-crtain 
 a thing as can be, that we shall nut 
 come short of ten miles per hum-, if nut 
 
 twelve or fourteen. I will say foiirtien in tliinry and ten in practice." I'itch's iirojects. however, 
 Were not altogether successful, and as a means of raisiiii; monev he puhlishid a map of the ■•North- 
 west Territory." which was printed (Jii a cider pt■e^^ in I'.iick- couiily. This distinguished watch- 
 maker and gunsmith of Tnailiin. the father uf tlie Americmi sleamhuat. ilie(l in iJai-dstown, 
 Kentucky, in 17'-l>i. .MthdUgh llohert ['"ultim is gi\i'n the credit of ha\iiig inaugurated the use of 
 steam upon American watci's. the ereilit should he given to h'ilch. wlm, twenty years hefure I'Tilton's 
 exiieriments, ran his hoat n|ion the Delaware river. 
 
 W&-sM4M(if^. 
 
 "^■^'''''^pJT^!^^*'^^^-^ 
 
CHAITEU XXXII. 
 
 TRKXTOX'S FINANCIAL I NSTITlTloNS AND lioARD (»F TIIADK. 
 
 'ill': Oricin (ir 'I'i;i:ni(i.\'s 1?axk< — Tin; Miociianks Xatidnai, Hank — Tin-; 'ri.'KXTnN I'ankinw; 
 Cii.Mi'ANV — 'I'm: 'I'KK.vruN Savi.\(; I-'imi Siuii-nv — Tiiic I'"insr Naiiunai. I!ank — I'liic liiioAU 
 Stijkict Xaiiiinm. Hank — 'I'liK Tiikntun Tkist anh Sakk Dki'iisit ('(jmi'anv — Tiik 1!i-:ai, 
 KsTATK Trn.K Cumpanv (ik Nkw .Ii::;skv — N'i:\\ .Ikk'si:^- Hi ii.iiim. I.han and I.\\i;simi:nt 
 Company — 'I'iik lioAiih hk Tr'ahk. 
 
 f 1 ! F N"l"( ) N lias (Acrv reason to I'ccl a jus) sense of priilc in tlie cliaraeter nT lier repre- 
 
 4 seiilalive linan<ial inslilnlinns. 'I'limniiliniit years uf |ir(is|ierity ami aihcrsity in 
 
 1 llie eiiinineri-ial wniid tin- liaiiks ol' Trentdii lia\c sustained tlieii- reputatiim for 
 
 inteiiiity. l'"lurries ami atteni|iteil '•runs" within the ]iast twenty years liax'e 
 
 j^/*"T^^ lieeii iHilhiiiii mure than sumniei- elmnls. ( 'i nisei'vat ism. yet )inii;ress, has 
 
 ,yv-/ ^6i markeil the ile\elii],nient nf eaeli inslilutiun. 'I'lii' ile|insi|iirs emliraec all elasscs, 
 
 -din .|,||| |,i-iivisi(in is made I'ni- the smallest as well as the larirest sum. In the linan- 
 
 ^ 
 
 ^ 
 
 eial de])ressi(in nl' th<' |ia>t three years the reeiu-il nl' the local hanks has won the 
 [iraise ol' national and ."^tate authorities. The rcillowiiii;- is a history ol' the 
 city's hanks : 
 
 The ."^tatc r.ank, wliicli in its day was a famous institution. li:id an eventful history. For the 
 first year of its oraanization. its hiisiness was conducted in ."^tate street, du the north side, midway 
 lictween Warren and ISroad streets. In \s\-2 the li.inkina-housc on the <oriicr of ISank an<l Warren 
 streets was erected. Tlu' old hank huildiiiL; is iiuw Used as a sto\'e stoic. The hank was created hy 
 tlie act ]iasscd .hinuary 2Sth. ISl'i, which estahlished State hanks at Trentmi. Niav nrunswiek, 
 l*]lizaheth. NiAvark, Morristown and Camilcii. 
 
 Sta<'V I'otts, Peter (iordoii. Cliaiio liice. William Scott and .hihn U. Smith were conimissioiiors 
 of the State IJank in this city. They, in comu'ction with ICllctt Tucker. Keulnai J). 'i'licker, Lucius 
 Horatio Stockton. Evan Evans. Edward ^'ard. William Wo.id. l'hili|. !•". IF. well, .L-imc^ .1. Wilson, 
 and .Miner Ucedcr, were aiipointed the lirst Directors. 
 
 They were not allowed to issue notes of a less denomination than 8-">. 
 
 On the lirst of XoW'inher, F^l.'!. an act was jiassed allowiiiLi' them to issue notes of a denomina- 
 tion not less than SI. 
 
 On till' twenty-seventh of .March. FS-|,"). an act was jiasscd to exti'nd the charter ni the .<late 
 liank at Trt'Utou. for the ]iur|iose of cnahlinu- them to i-losc ii|i and settle tlicii' atTairs. T\\('lv<' years 
 Were iiiven them from the t wcnty-ciahtli of .January, FSlii. 
 
 Duriui.' the extension they Were |irivilcuc<l to issue any hills of crcilit. hank liills, or other 
 circulation (if money, hy loan or otherwise, in the form or style of hankina imsiiu'ss, in order to 
 eiiahle them to linally close up the concern. 
 
 The State l>ank at Trenton had an lioiior.ahk' career, hut the ufowinu: power of tlie Trenton 
 IJankinir t'ompany and the Mechanics National F.aiik forced the State eoueern to close its doors. 
 Among other linancial institutions which are now nierch- memories is the Mereliants Hank, which 
 
Tin-: (■l'r^■ i)V 'mM'Ixton. 
 
 ■2(10 
 
 was clmrtert'il M.nvli l'lM. IsCid. ;mil \\lii(li went iiiin ilir IkuhU i.f .1 i-ncivn- two \-cai-s latri-. In 
 IsyO tlio ^Ed'ciT ('(iillily liaiik was imi ii|]( aatci I. and ii|iuii Mni-ili .",1>|, ISCi'.l, tlic Stale Saviiiii- 
 llanl^ i-anir iiitn I'xistrui-c. I'^vcn after a |ieiiii(l nl' twi'Uly yeais, llie name uf .lac"!) \\, l'"ree<e tells 
 the stiiry iif this institution. 
 
 Tnt: .Mi:eii\Me< Natuinai. Hank. 
 
 'The Meehaiiie- Xatinii:il H.-ink w as eh;i ilered ii|Hin the nineteeiilli (it h'ehrnai-v. IS.'il. nmleftlie 
 name 1 if the '■ Mi'i'haniis and Mannfaet nicis Hank." The eity of 'I'liiilun in ihiil v veai's had ui-nwn 
 til a si/.i' snliieient tmlemand twn linaneiid inst it ntiun- within its linuls. I'ln in l-'ehruarv llith, 1 >^ 1-k 
 an ael was ]}ass(Ml atithdi'i/.iiij; them tn icmIuci' tlieii- ea|iil.d stnek wheneNcr lhe\- miiiht think lu'diier 
 SCI til dii, and "ii the nineti'enth <>( Maieh, 1 N")7. tliev \\ eic anthmized to i;radnallv iuei-ease it. 
 
 The year I.'^-'h saw the el-eel ion 1 if their haiikiiiu-hoii-e njion Iheeornerof SiiUe ami W.ari'en 
 streets. I'ntil this time tlie Meeh.anies H.ank oi-iai|iied a |iro|ierly mi North \\'ai-i'eii street, which 
 same jii'oiierty was ttseil hy the Ti-enlon I'lankinii ( om | laiiy whilst the hitter's Warren sti'eet ediliee 
 was ill course of election. 
 
 In l>^(io, the Mechanics and .Maiiufaetiirers i'.aiik siirreiidered its Sl.ate charter and heeaiiiea 
 national hank iiiider its present title. The Imildim; so Ihhl; in use li\- the hank, after v.arious 
 alterations and repairs, \vas linally ileniolished in 1S'.I4. prcp.ar.itory to the erect imi of its present 
 stiaicture. The Mechanics Hank IhiildiiiL; is a hiiildiiiL; \\orthy of more than p.assiuii notice. 
 ( )cciipviii.L;' tlie site of the tavern in \\hich ( 'oiiLiress defeated the plan to m.akc Trenton the capit.'d 
 of the I'll it ed States, the superh structure is the most recent ornament to I he architecture of Trenton. 
 
 The presiut iNIeclianies National l>aiik liuildint!- was completed in l"eliriiar\-. |S'.)."). Wdiilst the 
 structure was in the course of erection the li.ink hiisiness was condiicled in the State street store 
 hiiildiiiii later occupied hy S. I'. |)unham iV Co. The style of architeclure is Italian leiiaiss.ance. 
 It i~ two >tories liiiiii. with a frontage of se\-eiily-two feel on West State street .and forly-eiuht on 
 South Warren. The outside heiuht is forty-two feet and the heii^ht of the lir~l stor\- is eiL;liteen feet. 
 
 The cNlcrior i> of roi'k-t'aced hrick, hrownstone trimmiiiLi. and surmounled hv a niet.al curnice 
 and halu^tl■ade. Wdiilsl the e.\terior of the liuildiiiL; is .a erownini; ornament to city archilecliire. the 
 interior is said to he uneipialed in the State of New .hrsc \-. The wainscoting is of a mottled colored 
 marl lie from .\fi'ica. hoth odd and rare, and is t rimmed with vellnw Xuhian marhle. The division 
 lictwi'cn the corridors and the hank |iroperisof I he sa mc malerial ; the i:rill work alio\c and all 
 other metal work is of o.xidizcd sil\-er. 'Idle woodwork is entirely of mahouaiiy. The four limestone 
 arches cappiiii: tin- |iolished L;i':iiiite columns iie.ar the rear end of the hank are car\ed. The floor is 
 of Mosaic. Three colors of marhle are ii.^ed — red aiitiiple. a l''reiicli m.arhle : (diiis l''alls. a hlack. 
 and sienna, a liuhl-colored. .\(aoss the entrance the name of the h.ink is shown in the lloor. the 
 letters heint;' in the Mack marhle. The President's room is on the lowir W .irreli .street corner, and 
 adjoiniiit; it toward the we^t end ihe ('ashiei's room. The |)ire<tors' room is heyoiid il on the 
 south side of the huildin- and li-hled from the .^kyli-ht. W the far end of the Slate street corriilor 
 a railiuu divides an ap.irtmeiit for the um' of the woim n cu-tomei> of the h.ank. 
 
 White marhle steps leail down to the lia>emenl. where is -itualed llie safe ileposil vault. It 
 is said to he as iiearlv luirular-proof ,is can he made, and was coiistrueleil ri'iiardless of cost. It is 
 considered one of thes.ife~l and h.indsoincst in the coiintrv. It is fitted with coupon stalls for the 
 (•oiiveniiaice of cu.-tonicrs. Tin hank alreadv has in its laislody three hundred sah- deposit lioxes. 
 and will have room forscvcr.al times that maiiv. 
 
 The second lloor of Ihe hnildinii is in keepiiiL; with the li.aukintr departinciit. .\ wide llii.dit of 
 ste|is leads I0 a handsome hallway, win re are localcd ciiihl olllces in suites. They are oc(ai]iied 
 exclusively hy niemhia-s of the har. these L;vnlleiiieii hciii'j lion, (larrel I ). W. N'room, lion. William 
 JI. r.anniiifi-, and Mdwiii Kohert Walkir. I''raiici^ I',. |,ee. Nelson I,. I'eity, Ilenr\- W. (ireeii, Ilervey 
 ('. Scuddcr, Esipiircs. These olliees are decorated in hhle, with i|n,irlerei| oak woodwork, electrically 
 lighted, heated hy hot water and perfect in all appointments. They are the liiiesl olliees of their 
 type in the State. 
 
 The followini.' are Ihe ollicers of the Mechanics Xalion.d ISank : I'resideiil. Serine: 1'. Dunham ; 
 Cashier, William W. Slelle ; Tayiiii;- Teller, .Joseph I!. Sweeny; Kecei villi;- TcOler, Taicutt Hack lis ; 
 Xotarv I'uhlic, .1. (ad. Slack. Direelors — S. .Meredith Diikinson, .lohn I). Kite, Joseph Rice, 
 
•270 
 
 TlIK crrV (»F TUKNToX. 
 
 Fcnlinaml W. liorliliiiir. -Joliii Muses. Hciirv ('. Kclsov. ScriiiL' I'. 1 )iiiili.ni.. William S. Hancock. 
 William M. i.aiinin^'. 
 
 llcivwitli is the n'i"iil i>f the cniiililioii nl' the Mechanics National I'.ank at the close of husiness 
 Jiilv 11th. IS',15: 
 
 uicsiirucKs. 
 
 Loans ami iliscotnits, . . . . . 
 
 Ovenl rafts, secnreil. .... 
 
 rnitcij States liomls to secure circn!atii>n. 
 Stocks, securities, iVc.. .... 
 
 Hankinu-honse, fnniitiire and lixtures. 
 
 Other real estate aud moitt;aL:es owned, 
 
 Pne IVom national hanks i not I'cscrvc ai;'eiits ). 
 
 l)ue IVoni .'•^tate hanks and hankers, 
 
 l)\ie IVom .•i|i|ir<i\'ed reserxc aiicnts. 
 
 Checks and othci- cash iti'liis. 
 
 Notes of other national hanks. 
 
 I'raclional |ia|ier currency, nickels ami i-ents, 
 
 Lawful n](iney reserve in hank, viz.: 
 
 Specie, ....... 
 
 Leiial tcndi'r notes, .... 
 
 14,!)()4 
 
 (1(1 
 (10 
 
 itedcmiitioii fund with liiitcd Slate- Treasuria- ( li\i' |ier cent, 
 cii'culation ', .....'.. 
 
 Total 
 
 •-'71.7.".s 
 
 ■I'-', 
 
 |r,i) 
 
 40 
 
 .■|( ). ( )( i( I 
 
 (Ml 
 
 4:!1.2S(i 
 
 ■i.') 
 
 (lO.OOO 
 
 00 
 
 2-_'.4o() 
 
 00 
 
 s|..',s-j 
 
 c.l 
 
 i:;. i:;() 
 
 s;l 
 
 •.^'.ii;,7i)i 
 
 < t 
 
 I :;.■_' 17 
 
 00 
 
 ■_' lll(l 
 
 OS 
 
 107.-_'7r. 
 :.!.--!oO 
 
 i^-_'..".")S.2.")7 
 
 (in 
 
 00 
 
 '.I-' 
 
 i.iAmi,i'i'n-:s. 
 
 Capital stock paiil in. ........ 
 
 Surplus fund. ......... 
 
 I'mlividcd profits, less e.Npcnscs and taxes paid. . 
 
 National hank notes oulstandim;-. ...... 
 
 l)ue to otiiei' national lianks, ...... 
 
 I »ue to St.-ite lianks and hanki-rs, . . . . . ■. 
 
 i lividi'uds unpaid. ........ 
 
 In<lividual ileposits suhject to check. . . S1,2S"),-J-"..". 10 
 
 Demand certilic;ltes of depo-it. . . . 900 00 
 
 Ci'rtihcil i-hecks 'uX 00 
 
 [otal, 
 
 .S.')00. ( II 10 no 
 
 •_>.")(). 0( i( I on 
 
 '.i.").(;74 '.Ki 
 
 l.").ooo no 
 
 17o. iL'.', '.I.-. 
 
 ."). \ir, !ii 
 
 L'l 00 
 
 L-JS(;,711 10 
 
 S2,3.58,2.".7 '.12 
 
 TlIK 'rUKNIIl.N I'.ANKINC, CoMl'.WV. 
 
 The Trentim I?anking Comiiany, which was chartered on the third day of I)ecemher. J.SOl, 
 enjoys the distinction of V)ein.<; the st'cond hank erected in the State of Ni^w .Jersey. Its iiredecessor 
 was tlie Newark IJankin;: and insurance Comp.in\. which receivi-d leirislative sanction in the 
 previous Fehruary. The charter when tirst irranted was to continue in force for twenty years. The 
 original act of the Legislature authorized a suhscri|ition vo he opened for S.'JOO.OOO, in shares of 8">0 
 eacJi, miller the <lirection of .lames Ewing. .Joshua Wriulit. (Icoriic .\hhott. Peter Hunt ami .Mmer 
 iieedcr. On the fourteenth of Novend)er, 1821, twentieth of l''ehruary, IN.'IS, and in ISo-") and 
 L'^7."). thu Ijtgislature uxtended the c-harter of the hank. 
 
nil': CITY OF TKI'lN'roX. 
 
 271 
 
 'I'hc li:ml<iiii:-liiiiisc st^iiids ii|i(in liistuiic |ir(i| jci-ly. I'ikui its sitr wri'c tlir cnuiit\- Imildin-s uf 
 1 Imitii-ildii, wliii-h i( will lir rciiiciiilici'cil l:irii| w.-l mi Wainn sti'i-i't, niiihv.iv liclucni St;itc mid 
 
 iM-niil slivcts. 'riic fncliiildci- (.1 lliinlii-.l ■.Minly dr.dcd Ihrlniid In thr liaiik ill 1 Sn."). wlirii 
 
 tlic li:iiikiiiL;diimsc was envied wliidi rcniaiiicd iiiilil is.'JS. In il,,. hillir \cai- llic |ii-(>ciit -Iniriiirr 
 was liiiill. \\liicli \vas L:ri'all\' iiii|irii\i'd in isji'. 
 
 I'ndci' the Stair l.ankiiiLi system, tin' TivntiMi I'.ankinii ('.ini|iany i^surd nutcs wliidi. in tlinsr 
 days (if lliulnatinu i-iurnicy, passcil al |iai- in tliis am! sniTt mndini^ (■(Hiiinonw rallli<. r|iiiiillM- 
 adii|iliiiii (if the iiatiiiiial liankiiii: system, llir 'I'lTiitcn Hank did not iv-i iriianizc lint rnnainid 
 simply a l.ank nf discdimt and dc|insil. Its ciitiiv is-iic of iidtcs, .niiltcd licfdiT llii' ItcKcllidii. 
 Iiavr liccii ivdccincd to till- anioimi of s 1 1 II 1,(1(11). 
 
 In not only inliiiiripal and Slatr, liiit national alTaiis. llir 'rivnliiii I'.aiik lias fl-c(|llcnt]v <-oinc to 
 the aid of tlir roiistittltr'l a tit 1 ii ifit irs. I 'a It ii ■ n l.a ily ilmiiii; tlir war lictwii-ii thr Sl.atis, the 'rrriilon 
 Bank gave assistami- in cvn-y hour of nnd. Around tin- liisloi\ of tliis instiliition iiia\- lie wo\i'n 
 many of till' financial oprfations of thr lML:innini;s of thr ( 'aiiidcn and .\inho\- r.iilroad, ami of its 
 jatrf drVrlo|imrllt. .Iosc|jh lloi la | la ftr, onrr Killu of Spain, and I he (///(/,7/,,x i if t lir roiirl whirh lir 
 transplanted fnim Madi'id and I'acis to Honlnitown, wcvr drpositoi-s in this old and hon. iiahli- 
 iiistitiitioii. 
 
 'I'hr haiikiiiLidioiisr is all iiiiposiii',: slnirtiii-c, hiiilt of whilr mai-lilr. with a f.ai-adr nioilclid 
 upon the (■las^il• oiitlims of an I |i llinic Iniiplr. .\ \ .aiiltcd ci-iliiiLi with a iialroii\- looks dow n upon 
 
 thr rrlllrr, which is llrVotrd to tlir l.ll-illr<s of thr i list it 1 it io||. < )l 1 t I li ■ ra.~t side of ( I ir ha nk .'I fr 
 
 thr rooms iisrd liy thr i)irrrtors. (';l^hir|■ and I 'i-rsidi-iit. with thr \anlls, safes and stroiiLi hoxrs. 
 
 ThroiiLihoiit it.~ r\-rii1ful history, this rompany h.as lirrii a lower of >ti-rni:lh. Thr stress of 
 linaneial -lorms has left the institution inih.arnied. and Ih.-it its ^tandiim is nio~t seeiiri' the 
 follow iiiL! report willsllo^v. It was rendered .at the elo,-e of hiwiiie^s on the .-ixtli da\' of .\pril. 
 1 .S'.l.'i. to the Slate ( 'oiii in issi oiler of I lankiiiL;' .and I nsiir.a i lee ; 
 
 l,M:sori;ei',s 
 
 r^naiis and diseounts, 
 
 Ovenl rafts. . . . . 
 
 I )iie from other hanks, 
 
 ( ':i,~li on hand. . . . . 
 
 I'nited States ( h i\-eriiiiicait hoiids, 
 
 ( )tlier sloeks and hoiids. 
 
 Heal estate, .... 
 
 Current cxpiciises paid. 
 
 Checks and other cash items, . 
 
 ( 'apital stock" paid in in ca-h, 
 
 Snrplii> fund, 
 
 I'lidixided plolils, . 
 
 I >i\ ideiids unpaid, 
 
 I >lle depositors. 
 
 I Mie other hanks. 
 
 I.I Ai;iMiii-:s, 
 
 s-J,(H 1,224 s;i 
 
 l.V) 45 
 
 2'.i(i.7(i() .')4 
 
 12.S.S22 1(1 
 
 .")(). (1(1(1 (1(1 
 
 I •".( I, ( )( II i 1 1 
 
 47, i;iU 71 
 
 4,!).s;; <)2 
 
 C. II 1 1)1 
 $2,725,11)1 7.-! 
 
 8500, 1)0(1 on 
 
 250.000 00 
 
 71,. ".20 71 
 
 5S7 111 
 
 I.S25,()S4 47 
 
 7S,2()2 .'iii 
 
 $2,725, 1>)4 7-". 
 
 The follow iiiLT are the ollicer- of 1 1 ic 4'renl oil iLankinu ( ' paiiy : {'resident. . I oseph II. llriierc : 
 
 Casliicr. .\ii>tiii Snider: I'aviiiL; 4'cller. .lolm 1 1. Cochr.aiie: Keccivinu- Teller, William .\. (4ai4<: 
 Notary I'lihlic, (4e\claiid llil-on.Sr. hircctors — .Joseph II. Hriierc. William S. Slrykia', Charles 
 E. (irecn, riciijamin !•'. i,i-e, .Mhmi- |;. (hamhcrs. I-'liner 1'". (Irceii, Thomas S. Cli.amhers. William 
 II. Skirm and William I,. l)a\-toii. 
 
272 TllK CITY OK TKKNIOX. 
 
 Tin; Tki;.\t<i.\ S.wim; Fvsi> Socikty. 
 
 Tlic Trciitiiii Saviiii: I'^iml Society was iii(ni]iiiratcil U|i(iii the scvciitli of Marili, LSI I, its 
 cDrpnratiirs Kciim I'cti-r 1), N'mmii. -loliii ('. Uciliiiaii, Julm Ki-ad. Stacy (i. I'ults. (leorfit! Dill, 
 Xciio])!)'!!! .1. Mayiianl, Kicliard .1. Bond, Thomas .1. Stiykri-, .lacnli Kliiu'. .la^pcr S. ScuddcT, 
 TiiiKitliv Aliliiitt. Cliarlrs l'ai-kci- and Ilciiry ^\'. (Jrccn. 
 
 The lirst Ipiisiiirss (i|ici-atioris nf this rxrclh'iit inslitntii iii wire cniiduclnl in the mM ("hanccry 
 liuildinj;. nn the site ot' tiir strudurr miw orcnjiicd hy the Tiu-I ami Tillc rninpanics. This 
 liuildinir. until |ii-artirally turn down hy the Trust ('oni|iany. fell I'loni it~ old and histori<' station, 
 and at last was duhhccl hv the souhri(|Ui-t "' Thr I Jcvil's l)cn.'" l''i-oni the ( 'hani-cry Imildint: thr 
 Savinjr Fund Socictv niovccl to South lii-oad street, a few doors hclow State, and in Xovemhcr, 
 l.SS], moved to its jjreseut huilding. 1"2?) ICast State street, immediately adjoining; the Voun<r Men's 
 Cliristiau Association huildintr. 
 
 In its financial history the Savin<r Fund Society has had a remarkahle career. Thoroutrhly 
 conservative, its intluenee has heen the sole cause of the ci'eation of many small and lari;e fortunes. 
 Anionj; Tn^ntoiTs lariic |io|iulalion dependent upon daily waives foi- ilaily hread. the society has 
 eucouraf.'ed liahits of thrift and cntei-pi-ise. Its deposits an' the indication of tli<' conlidenee 
 imposed upon it liy our citizens. 
 
 The olliccrs of the socict\' are: rrcsidcnt. William S. Sti-yki'r ; \'i<'e I'n'sidcnt. Charles !•', 
 (ireeu: Treasurer and Secretary. Lewis I'arker ; I'ayiuL; Teller. William 11. \:\yi\ : Iveceivini; Tclh'r. 
 (icortfc N. N'utt. Manaircrs — Willi.im S. Sliykcr. Charlo Swan. Samuel K. Wilson, iviwai-d 11. 
 Stokes, John S. Chamlicrs. William L. Lnylon. Charles Iv (irccn. Chailcs Wliitclii'ad. .lohn Moses, 
 William I. N'anncst. l-^lmer K. ('•vi-i-w. (larict I ). W. \'room. 
 
 The following is the statement of the Trculon Savini: Fund Society upon the thirty-lirst of 
 Deccmhcr. IS'.i-t : 
 
 I.'KSOIKCKS. 
 
 i'.onds and mort.um.-cs Sll'.l.oOO 00 
 
 Stocks and iiomls. market value, ...... l,'.l-'!7. '-?•">•! "d 
 
 Amovmt loaned on collaterals -I I. I'.IO (HI 
 
 I'.ankin.ii-housc ami lot. cost 8-2-i.OOO ; estimated jiresent value. ■Jl'.ODOIll) 
 
 Cash on de|iosit in hanks or trust com|ianics, .... ll.'JOii (IS 
 
 Other assets, viz.. interest accinicil. ..... ]'.K\'2'I Si; 
 
 S2,-1S(),.').^L> (i-J 
 
 i.iAiui.i'riics. 
 
 .\monnt dui' depositors, viz.: 
 
 I'rinci|,al S2, l2s.;;o'.i (i:! 
 
 Interest cicilitcd foi- the twcLc montl]> 
 
 ending with |)ccrml.ci- •■'.l>l. ISilj. . (iLN'is ID 
 
 .^1'. I ; )i u •".: L ! 
 
 Suri)lns -J'.k;,!!") ol 
 
 8-2.4S(i,."..")2 (il 
 
 i;i;ci;ii>'is. 
 
 Casli on hancl ami in hanks oi' trust com]i:inies .laiiuary l>t. IS'.tl, 
 
 Lefore transactions of the day SSI,SS0 .".l 
 
 l''rom ili'ipositors. nut incluilinti interest crcditi'd. . SHu.^Xrl 4."> 
 
 l''rom intert'st on honds anil moi-tij;ai:cs. ..... 22, •")(>•) 00 
 
 I'^rom interest and diviclends on stocks and honds. collateral 
 
 loans, and from all other sources, ..... NS,.")42 SS 
 
 I'^rom rents from liankini;-liouse, ...... S-'jO 00 
 
 From mortffiiL'es ]iaid oi- called in. ...... ;^0,()00 GO 
 
 From loans on collaterals rcp:dd 2,000 00 
 
 >^1. 1 '.•■".. 7 SS (12 
 
TIIK C\'\'\ OK Ti;i';\'l'oV. 
 
 i)isi',ri;si:>ri:NTs, 
 
 Ti) (le|)()sitiirs, imliiiliiii; iiilriTst |i,-ii(| tn lliciii. . «<',i;).';,;; |s 1| 
 
 I'lir stocks ami IkhhIs iMii'diascd. ]jai- \aluc. s 1 .",( ),()! )( i ; rust. 
 
 iiichidiiiu |irciiiiiiiiis, ciiiiiiiiissidiis, \-i.. .... III.TWI i;7 
 
 For ctUTriil i'\|M'iisi's. \\/.. : 
 
 Fur salaries, ...... -S'.i,'-'-** *•" 
 
 Fur taxes aiiil rc|iaii-s (HI liaiil^iiiii-liiiiisc, . .">.") | c,.", 
 
 Fi>r statidU'i'v. inintiiii;, fuel. li'_;lils, i\:e,. . ,"')i;; 7'.) 
 
 |(),2.SS I 
 
 For taxes, except 1)11 haukiug-lioLise 111- cither real estate, . . 1,22'-) 2'.) 
 
 Cash on hand and in hanks or trust couijianies, Deeeiuber ;:ilst, 
 
 1894, after transactions of the day, 4-1.200 08 
 
 •Sl.T.i;;.7X'S c- 
 misci:i.i,.\m:iii-s. 
 
 XtlliilMi- (if iipeii accciUlils .l.iuiiarv 1st, h^'.t'i, .... lO.fJSS 
 
 ■' :'.;;■) 
 
 Xuilllier (if ;leeiilint~ ii|iellei| ur |-e-(i|iene(l durillL: the \'ear |N'.)|. 
 
 Nuiidierdf aecdiiiils rlii^ed diiriiiu the \-ear 1MI|. . . . 2,()-'!li 
 
 Interest iir (lixidelids (Tcilileil (|c]iii,~itiirsre/- the \iai' l.S;i|. . SCil.Si'S 10 
 
 LarLi'est aiiiouiil due an y i uie ile| n isitm- .laiiuai'\' 1-t, lMl."i, irrln- 
 ■■'irf iif iiitei'('st and uf au\- de|iiisit made li\' (ii'der uf a cdiu't 
 (if record or of a SurroLiate. ...... N,X|).", 7s 
 
 A\'el'aL;i' aniounl of each aeeonni, .l:iiniai'\- Isl. |.S'.)."i. . . -Jdl O'J 
 
 Kate per cent, of interest or di\ideni|s to depo-ilors during the 
 year IS'.I J. .'i per cent. 
 
 'I'm: |-"ii:si' Nation, \i, Hank. 
 
 Tlie First National liank L;re\v out of the national liankinu ,-\stein. a ihartcr for this institution 
 havini;' heen granted upon the tw cntN'-ci^lilh da\' of .lannar\-, JSCij. 'The oriLiinal capital was 
 ■SKIO.OOO, which was later inc ivased to s.')( )l I. ( Mill. |oir the tirst year of its career the First National 
 Hank transat-ted its iinanci.d operations in the old llroad sticet room of the 'I'rcnton Savins; l'"nnd 
 Society. In 1805, it rcnioNcd to its present hrow nslone Imildini; mi l'"ast Stale street, near IJroad. 
 
 This structure is Well adapted for hankinii purposes, and is ceiilrally locate'!. Wdicn erected, 
 the hank huildini: was the most noliceahle ohject in that poi'lion of the city, and altlKHiuh it has 
 since heen suri-oimdcd hy huildinLis of a metropolitan type, the h.ankinudiouse has sulTcrcd nolhin.L: 
 hy tile coniiiarison. 
 
 The I'irst National Hank enjoNs a lar,L;e clienlai:i', partiiailafK' amouL; the many jiotterv and 
 i-iiliher concerns of this city. 
 
 The ollicers of the J'Mi'st .Xalion.al Hank are as follows : I'l'esidcnt. William 1. \'ainiest : \'ice 
 ['resident, John IF Scudder ; Cashica-, Ch.arlcs Whitehead: I'ayinii Teihi'. Willi.im S. Middleloii: 
 
 lloeeivinjr Teller, .\ithm- II. Wdod : Xotaiy I'lihlicand .\ltorney. W Hiui-y I ). Holt. Directors — 
 
 (le<.)rire 'S\. Comfort, Itich.ai'd .\. |)onnelly. Mahlon llulchinson, .lonath.an II. I!l;iekweli. .lolm IF. 
 Scudder, William L N'annest. Joseph II. Iliehanlson. William 11. liidkaw. IlinryC. Case. 
 
 r[ion the eh'Venth of July. I^'.io, the follow inii' was the condition of thi< liaid< : 
 
 IIIOSorKl'KS. 
 
 1-oans and discount.-. ........ >*1.IIII7.7<17 17 
 
 Overrh'afts, sccui'cd and unsccm-cd. ...... •'■'••1 'i I 
 
 Fnited States 1 d- to Mcnrc circulation .V ). ( II l( 1 (H I 
 
 Fnited States h(ind> to secure Cnitccl State.- cjcpcisils.. .Ml.Otll) 01) 
 
 Stoc-ks, securities, cVc., ..... Itr_'.'i7."> 72 
 
 Hankiuir-liDUse, furnitui'c auci lixtures, ... .•;7.(H)ll (HI 
 
 ()thei'rcal estate ancl mor(j;a;4cs owned, .... .■>(l,>i2o Hii 
 
274 THE CITY OF TRENTON. 
 
 Due fnnii iiatii)iial liunks (not resoiTe afrcntis), .... §39,241 27 
 
 Due fi-oiii State hanks and bankers, 5,221 41 
 
 l)uc tVi nil a I i|ir(ive<l reserve agents, ...... 1)5,876 50 
 
 C'lieeks and other cash items, ...... 11,210 7() 
 
 Notes of otlier national hunks, ....... 4,i;v') 00 
 
 Fractional ]ia]ier currency, nickels and cents, . . . 570 2o 
 Lawful money reserve in hank, viz.: 
 
 Specie. 833,000 00 
 
 Legal-tender notes, 12,13] 00 
 
 45,131 UO 
 Uedemiition fund with I'niteil States Treasurer (live [ler cent, of 
 
 circulation), 2,250 00 
 
 Total, 81,488,431 70 
 
 LlAUlLrriKS. 
 
 Caiiital .stock paid in S500,000 00 
 
 Surjilus fund 2-50,000 00 
 
 I'ndivided ])rofits, less expenses and taxes paid, . . . 4(5, (514 70 
 
 National hank notes outstanding, ...... 45,000 00 
 
 Due to other national hanks 2'.t,S(i() 03 
 
 Due to State hanks and hankers 21,6.S!)y7 
 
 Dividends un|)aid, ......... 3.()32 00 
 
 hidividual deposits suhject to clii'ck, . . .S530,l>50 55 
 
 Certified checks, ...... 3,772 (J3 
 
 Cashier's (•hecks outstanding, .... 12,2()(j 32 
 
 United States deposits 21,077 (JO 
 
 Depcsits of l"nited States dishursingollicers, . . 23,86100 
 
 5'.n.(;2'.l 00 
 
 Total, SI, 488,431 70 
 
 TuK i5i!o,\n Stukiot N.\ti(i.\ai. I!a\k. 
 
 Yoiuigest of 'i'l'enton's mercantile hanks, and a record-lircakei' (measuring capital and age with 
 results), is the Broad J^treet National Jiank. Organized on May I'.lth, 1887, it eounnenced husiness 
 in the small store No. 188 South Broad street, on June 1st of tlie same year, and is thus just ahout 
 eight years old. 
 
 Its unparalleled growth proved the need of its existence. The very first day the doors were 
 openeil the deposits rolled up ti> 822.0'.)0.02. The capital stock, originally $]00,000, was found 
 inade(juate for the hank's growing husiness, and was increased to 8250,000 in .\ugust, ISSl). The 
 footings of its tir.st statement ( .\ugust Isl, 1S.S7) were 8214,717.02 — which, on >fay 7tli, 1805, had 
 grown to he 8057,C)SO. lit. 
 
 Perhaps heca\ise oF its reputation for lilieralily in the tre.atnient of its jiatrons, together with a 
 wise conservatism in its management, the Broad Street National J>ank has lieen uniforndy a money- 
 maker for its shareholders. It has paid out in I'arned dividends since its incoi'poratiou S'.)l,250, 
 besides leaving mitoucheil a surplus of §50,000. aiid has for future disposition a comfortalile nest- 
 egg of undivided prolits amounting to 820.000. 
 
 The meudiers of the jireseut l>oard of Hircctors who wei-e in the original hoard are Israel Howell, 
 I!. >L I'hillips, Richard 1'. Wilson. Thomas S. Stevens, .Joseph V. Lanning, Oliver O. Bxiwuian. 
 William (J. Howell and l'"rancis C. Lowthi>rp. In .lanuary, ISS.s. Gvorge II. A\diittaker, brick 
 manufacturer and real estate dealer, was added to the nundier. l''rederick A\'alter, the grocer, 
 became a I)iret-tor in .lanuary. IMIO. Frank O. ISriggs, Assistant Treasurer of .John .\. lioeliling's 
 Sons Company, was chosen in .Kjiril, ISKl. 
 
 Joseph Y. Lanning was elected President of the liank early in IXSS^ succee<ling Lewis I'arker, 
 who resigne(l on account of ill health. ( )liver ( ). JSowman became \'iee President at the same time. 
 .Joseph O. I?rearh'y was the baidc"s lirst Cashier, and liobert .L l>race the lirst Ti'ller. Botii con- 
 tinued to fill their respective positions mitil April, l.S!)2, wlu'n, ^Jr. Brearley's health having given 
 
THE f'TTY OF TREXTON. 275 
 
 way. tlic dllici' (if Assistant Casliiia- was crfatcil aiKl Mi. lii-aci' was I'l.'ctcd (o assist liini. until soiiio 
 time later, wlicii Mi-. UiTarliy liiiiliiiu his licallii miiiii]ir(ivi'(l, i-esi.iincd. .Mr. {{race was tlicrcuiion 
 rlcctcil Cashier. He \\n\,\< the |i(isiticiii t"-il.ay, .and lias hy his tact and niodesty of denicaiKir done 
 inneli to help Mr. Laniiiii- and the Board of Directors |(j place ihe h.mk in the lii'.:li r.ink the insti- 
 tution holds in the estimation of thouuhtful and conser\-ati\-e hiisiiii'ss men. He is ably assisti.'d liv 
 Edwin .M. 'riiorn. Teller, who has heeii coiniecti'il with the hank since Octohei', 1.S87, and William 
 S. Case. Ueceivini;- Teller, whose si-rvice dates from l)eeeinher. hSS.S. 
 
 In 1SS7, the hank purcliaseil the handsome lots l.!II| .iiid 20.'! South Broad street, .some thirty 
 hy one hundred and twenty fi'ct in size, on wliiih they erected their handsome hankin>:-housc. 
 The front is hamlsoniely desimied in the I!oni.inesi|Ue styli', and is hiiilt <4 Uerea stone with marlile 
 and granite trimmings. The Imildiiig is twenty-seven hy eighty-live feit in si/.e, alTording ample 
 facilities for the hig business the institution is liouml to possess in thi' verv near future. 
 
 The lot on which the hank stands was the site of A. W . y:n-(Vs soap Faetorw which our older 
 citizens and many of the yotmger husiness men will rcnicmhi'r as one of Trenton's i;e\'olutionary 
 landmarks. 
 
 This is the re|iort of the condition of the I'. road Street Xation.al Hank, at th(> close of lur-;incss 
 •July 11th, LSU-j : 
 
 RESOUR(?ES. 
 
 Loans and discounts, ........ •S<)()],4.").'> lis 
 
 Overdrafts, secm'cd and unse<aired, ..... 314 7() 
 
 United States bonds to secure (-inula t ion, oO.OOO 00 
 
 TTnited States bonds on hand, 20.000 00 
 
 rremiums on United States bonds, ...... 7,.")0tt 00 
 
 Stocks, securities, &c., ........ ll,i»47 7'.i 
 
 Banking-house, furniture and llxtures, ..... ;!(),. ".S;") (III 
 
 Other real estate and mortgages owned, ..... l.">, 14.") 00 
 
 1 )ue from national banks I not reserve agents ), .... ■iO.Cil'J 17 
 
 1 )ue from State lianks and hankci's, ..... li.O.")'.) 7o 
 
 Due from approved reserve agents, ...... ■')7,-)2(; 'AH 
 
 Checks and other cash items, ...... 2, (if)-") '.)."> 
 
 Notes of other national banks .".,020 00 
 
 Fractional paper curi-cncy, nickels and cents, . . . 2,12.'! 72 
 J^awful money reserve in bank, viz. : 
 
 Specie, -Si;;, I'.iO 2.") 
 
 Legal-tender notes, 11.700 oil 
 
 .JI.SIK) 2.') 
 
 licdcniptioii fuial with United States 'l''rcasurer ( •") percent, of 
 
 cirenlationj. 2,2.^0 00 
 
 Total, •S.sr.."),724 V.] 
 
 I.I.MUI.ITIICS. 
 
 Capital sto(-k j.aid in, .«;2.^)0,000 00 
 
 Surjilus fund r)0,000 00 
 
 Undivided profits, less ex]ienses and t.-i.\es p.aid, . . . 14, .'m!* 14 
 
 National bank nol(>s outstanding, 4."),(X)0 00 
 
 l)ue to other national banks, ....... 10,()r)2 14 
 
 Due to State banks and bankers, Ud'.);; 11 
 
 Individual deposits subject to ciieck, . . S|2'.l,201 2'.) 
 
 Certified checks, ....... 75o 00 
 
 Cashier's checks oulslandinir, .... l,.")o.") 4.") 
 
 I31,JS;) 74 
 
 Notes and bills redis(rounted, 17,500 00 
 
 ISills payable, 45,000 00 
 
 Total, §S(;.5,724 43 
 
27(i 
 
 UK ( rrv OF Ti:i:.\T()X. 
 
 'I'lic t'lilluwiiit.' ail' till- olliccrs of tlic Imnk : I'i'csiilcnt, .losrpli '\'. Lanniii^ ; Sci-rctai'v, l''raiicis 
 ('. Lii\vtliiii|i : l!((<i\ iiiL' 'I'cllcr. W. S. Case: I'ayiiii;- Teller. K. M. 'riidni. Dirccturs — .Icisc])li Y. 
 Laniiiiiir. lsra(4 llii\vi41. William ( i. Ilcwill. 11. M. l'liilli|is, 'riidinas S. Stevens, l'"iaiik(). 1 irijjfr.s^ 
 Uieliaiil 1'. Wilson, (!e(ir;;-e K. WliittaUer. {•"i:iiicis ( '. I,(i\vtli(ii|i. ( ). ( ). I'.nwiiian. l'"reileri(k Walter. 
 
 Till': 'ruKNTiix TiiisT ANh Saii; |)i;riisrr CoMrAW. 
 
 Trnsl and safe ile|iiisit eciin|i.-niies have Wiv a nunilier of years lieeii \'ei'y |Mi|inlai- and sueeesst'ul 
 in the lai-i;c cities of the I'nited States. |i,artieidarly I'xistnu. New ^"llrk and I'liiladelphia. ('i>ni- 
 |>anies cif tiiis kind ai'e imw in siieeessfnl (i]ii'rati(in in neai'ly all of the wi-althier seetiuns uf tlie 
 Cniled Slat.'S. 
 
 in Mav, ISSS, this <-iini|iany heuan husiness under the name nf Tin- Ih-al ICstate. Sale l)e|)i)sit, 
 Trust and Investment ('iini|iany nf New -li'rsey. Jts lirst I'resiilent was .Indii-e l']d\vard T. (Ireen, 
 Tliis ciimiianx' has iiniwn t" lari;e |irci|iiirtinns. In its linan<-e ilepartnient it has depusits ol' uvei- 
 hall' a million ilnllars. on which il allows interest at tVoni two to three |ier centum per annum, and 
 a.uainst which tile depositoi' may draw checks at sii:ht. In an ordinai'y liankiuir estahlishment the 
 stockholders receive the earnings, and the d<'|iositor nets ni>thinL; I'oi- the use of his money. In 
 trust companies the depositor is (irst considereil ami lii>f paid out of earnint;s. Last vear over 
 S12.000 was paid to the depositors of this company as interest on their deposits. 
 
 The safi' deposit department has facilities second to none as rei:ards convenience and location. 
 It has two lart;'e vaults. IJencath the safe deposit \ault is a lartre stora.nc vault, ahsolutely lire- 
 pl'oof : lioth of them well vi'Utilaled. This coi-poi-al ion acts in a lidu<-iai'v ca|iai-itv. and has a trust 
 ilepartment. It acts a> executor, trustee, A'l'. 
 
 The special ad\amaL;cs which a corpoi'ation constituted like this has over an individual for the 
 execution of tiaists are i-ontinuit \' of service, eniciencw s,afet\', convenience ;ind ecouomv. It has 
 also a surely dep.artmciU. which li.is liccijuie most valuahle and convenient to the counnunity a> 
 w ell as to the courts. 
 
 The aulhoi-i/cd capital stock of the company is .^200,(1(1(1, of which sKHI.OOO has heeu paid in. 
 Some of the stronucst men in Ti-ciitou are idenlilied with the company. Its President is Ilutrli If. 
 Ilamill; \'ic-e I'l'esideuls. Col. Wasiiiniiton .\. lioehlinu and lion. Henry S. Little. Its counsel for 
 a nnndier of yc-ars \v,as Hon. Ilarker < i umnicn-, and it ha- a lar^e. strong; ISoard of Manaiicment. 
 
 The following: was the londitiou of the Trenton Tru>l aucl Safe l)e|iosit ("om|iany upon 
 Deeenilier :'.1>I. hs'.H : 
 
 lionds .and moi1i;aL;cs, .... 
 Slock.- and lionds, viz. : 
 
 I!e]]uhlican ('lull, Trenton, hoiid. . 
 
 Schcrol Districi No. -JO honds, 
 
 Middlesex I'.ankin;.; Company Dehenlnre 
 
 honil, ...... 
 
 .\tchison. To|ieka and Santa I'e liailroad 
 
 IioikIs. ...... 
 
 I'niteil Slates Cordai;e Companv honils. 
 I nited .'^tales Cordaue Com]ian\' liiiar- 
 
 anteed stock. ..... 
 
 National Cor<laL;e Trust Lii|uidation Cer- 
 
 lilicate 
 
 iM'lsoiiaKs. 
 
 (■i>sl. 
 
 .^100 00 
 j.L'.'iO (1(1 
 
 .")()0 00 
 
 17.22'i 00 
 
 :!.200 00 
 
 .">(1(1 00 
 
 71S ■.',■■) 
 
 S204.(iC.2 '.IS 
 
 Loans siM'ureil liy collaterals. ..... 
 
 Loans on ]iersonal security, ineluiliui! hills purchased. 
 
 Real estate, I'ost and presiait estimate<l value. 
 
 Cash on (le|>osit in hanks oi- trust companies. 
 
 Casli on hand, ....... 
 
 Casli items, ........ 
 
 I'ar 
 
 Maik<'( 
 
 
 vulii... 
 
 valiii'. 
 
 
 .•*l(lll 00 
 
 SlOO 00 
 
 
 l,2-'lO 0(1 
 
 4,2.'>0 00 
 
 
 .")00 00 
 
 ."lOO 00 
 
 
 ■JO. 00(1 00 
 
 1 ■_', ,s-_'.") 00 
 
 
 :;.■_'( 10 00 
 
 
 
 ."jOO 00 
 
 2..S20 00 
 
 
 71 s :]:! 
 
 
 
 82'.i,2(i.s :!;! 
 
 S20,4'.).") 00 
 
 20. 4'. 1.") 00 
 
 1.55, .S21 00 
 
 107.2!)0 00 
 
 (iS,(i87 05 
 
 42,527 41 
 
 22,96() 57 
 
 435 05 
 
THK CITY ()!■' Ti;i;X'r()X. 
 
 ■in 
 
 Otlui' assctH, viz. : 
 
 IlitiTi'st accnu'il. 
 
 lutLTcsl due ami imt c-(iI1ci'Iim|, 
 
 Fiirnitui'c .-iinl lixtiiics. . 
 
 liciits acciucil. 
 
 Surc'tysliip and vaiil( rriil. 
 
 i.iAi;ii.iTii>. 
 ( 'a|pilnl stuck paiil in in c:i-|i. ..... 
 
 rnili\iili-(l ]iriitit.~. mt aninuiil, ...... 
 
 |)ciiianil ili']iii>its. ........ 
 
 'J'iinc ili'|i(i>its. ......... 
 
 OtliiT lialiililic.':, viz., interest accaninl (jn ili-po.sits. cslinialcd. 
 
 MlsrKi.i..\M;ciis. 
 
 Total pnilits (if rvcrv kiml rrccivcil (Inrini: tin \i'ai- isiil. 
 
 Aniuuiit iif iiitiTc.st jjaid Xu ami (a'c<litcd i|(|iu.sii(,|-s diirinu tlir \rar. 
 
 Tcital rxpciiscs i)f the I'lir] idratinii dui'in;: tlif year. 
 
 Xuinlicr 111' dipnsitiiis at tlic datr nf tliis I'cpoi'l. .... 
 
 Nlimlicf 111' di'|iiisits nn wliirh intifot is allnwrd .at tlli< date. . 
 Tiital aiiKitiiif tliiiivir. ........ 
 
 liatc u! iiitiTc-st nn sainc. 2 and -l prr ccnl. 
 
 ■■'.-I'M ■")() 
 
 l.'.i7ii 7,s 
 
 :'.,2M M 
 
 41111 111! 
 
 .■")(l] (III 
 
 sil. id'.i l: 
 
 ?;(i;;;i.s;;i is 
 
 .< 1 1 in, I K « I I III 
 
 1, ■■)■).■: u-i 
 
 L'l •"..(; IS ,s7 
 
 :ni.r,ri| ;;'.i 
 
 .").(IIIO (10 
 
 8C);!;i.,s:;4 is 
 
 s;;i).27:! ;•:: 
 >* 14. ()'.)() ■')7 
 .^14.424 s!) 
 
 i,;;.')4 
 
 I.I IS 
 
 ><l7l.iis:; -ii 
 
 Till-; lii;.\i. h'siAii-; 'rrn.i'; ('umi'an\- m .\i;\\ .li:i:si:v. 
 
 This (•(iiu]iaiiy was nvoanizcd in isss. Kdward II. .Mnrpliy was its first I'fcsidciit. and was 
 Iafi;c4y instininicntal in iii-;j:anizinL; and cstalilisliiiiL: this coinpany. lis uhjccts afc tn insmT thr 
 title t(i I'cal c'stati-. and In insure airainst adverse e(in\i'yanees, iiKirlL'aues. decedents' dchts and all 
 liens of rt'eor<]. and make scarc-hes, A'c. 
 
 Tjiis e(iiiipany lias liccomc of innnense value to dcalei-s in real estate, to the har of the i-ounty, 
 and to the eonnniinity at larj^e. The cinplo\-es of the companv' ai'e experts in their line, aiid.are 
 iindci- the skillful sli]icrvision of .Mi-. .\m;ii-tc W'eiih I. the heail of ili<' depai'tincnt. 
 
 Its 1 )ircct<irs are 11(1)1. (I. I). W. \'i-ooni. lion. William .M. Laiinini;, James lUichanan. l'>i|tiii-e. 
 llti<.di II. llainili, Kscpiire, lion. l>arton 1'.. 1 1 ntiliinson and Samuel W.alkei-. Jr.. l'><niire. all of 
 them lawyers of liiuh slamlinii;. of which Ilnnh II. llamill. l']si|nire. is I'lcsidcnt. and James 
 lliichaiiaii, Es(|iiire. is Mee President. 
 
 Xkw Ji;i;si;v Ihii.iii.Nc, l,o.\.\ .\.\n 1 .\\i;-i\ii;.\i' ('omi'.\n"i'. 
 
 This company was incorporated July 17lh. IS'.II. It is a mutual institution, takini; small 
 deposits montiily from its memhers, lo.anini:' thise deposits to others, .and extcndiii;.' them an 
 opportunity to huild a house for them-i l\c- and their fannlics. and to p.ay olV tlnar indchtedncss in 
 small monthly iiayments. The cimipaiiy hriiiLis the lender and the hoi-rower toLii'lher. Tin- money 
 of the meiidiers is kejit in circulation in the proper channels, anil the eaniintrs are ilivided amoni; 
 tlic meiiiliers. thus sceuriiii.' to them its i|se and increase. 
 
 This com|iany have extended theii- husiness throuirhoiil the .'^tate, and liy the oiiranizatioii of 
 local liranclies in every citv and town, thcv are in the lusl position to ci|itali/.e the money interests 
 as they fmd investors in one locality, and tisc their money to supply the horrowers that ai-e located 
 in other parts of the State, and in this \va\- acconimodate the menilicrs in the dilfcrcnt localities. 
 
•27S THE cnv OF TUKNTON. 
 
 Till' :iutliiiri/.c(l CM])!!;!] <if tliis cnniiiany is -S K I, ODD, 01)0, and sliarcs are issued at SlUU each, 
 |)a\alilc in small nionthh- iiaynimts. These- deposits are loaned to the horrower, and a system 
 of ra])id (•oni]>onndinfr and reloaninu enaiiles thcni to realize the larirest returns to divide anioiif; the 
 stockholders. A careful examination nf the system and the nature of the securities will convince 
 the most skeptical of the safety and sccuiity I illVred to an investor in the shares of this company. 
 
 The management are careful and conservati\-e, and at all times lookinu after the welfare of the 
 memhers. The ollicers of this company are Iluiili IF. llamill. President; John II. Scudder, \'ice 
 I'rcsidcnt : .lohn \'. r>o\d. Secretary : William <1. .Moure. Treasurer; Hon. Barton l'>. Hutchinson, 
 Counsel. Directors — Ilujih II. Hanull, .lohn II. Scudder. William (i. ^loore, -hihn \'. Boyd, Owen 
 TI. Locke, I?ai-kcr (iummere. .lames II. Durand. Charles .1. Parker, .fames C. Ucciie. All known 
 to ln' iiractical lousiness men. \\\u< will ;;iiard well the njoncv inliaisted Id their care. 
 
 l)0.\i;i) oi' Ti{.\iiK. 
 
 On the twentv-litth of .lanuarv, IS(iS. a puhlic meetinu- of citizens was called to meet at the 
 .\ssemlilv lioom of Tavlor Hall, to consider llic advisahility of organizing a Board of Trade. 
 Many of the prominent liusiness men of om- city atti'nded the meeting, and ]\Ir. E. .1. (_'. Atter- 
 liury was chosen Chairman and Mr. Chai-lcs Hewitt selected as Secretary. 
 
 ,\1 this mcctinu- a committee of twenty was selected to n'lmrt im a constitution and hy-laws foi- 
 the organization, which connnittcc. on the si.xth of I'^eliruai'y, reported, and an organization of the 
 Hoard of Trade of the city of Trcntnn was elVectrd. and the following oflicers were elected : 
 
 I'l'csident, .liijin .\. leiehliiig; I'^iist \'ice President. .lohn Taylor; Second Vice President. 
 Daniel H. P.odine ; Treasurei-, Thomas .1. Strykci-: Secrctaiw. .lames P. Stc|ihens. together with the 
 following Executive Comnnttee : Charles Hewitt, .lohn S. Xohle. Samuel K. Wilson. WMlliam 
 Dolton, .1. !■". Iloiiilavcr, II. C. Scudder, Elias Conk. .lann'S P. Stejjhens, Indali Muurc, Charh's 
 Carr, I'^dward W. Scuddei' and (ieorgc -lames. 
 
 The olijects of the organization were more i)articularly set forth in the following [ireamhle 
 and resdlution. which were tmanimonsly adopted : 
 
 •• WuKKK-Vs, The city nf Tirntiiu. possessing jieculiar advantages of location for trade and 
 mamifactories, is rai)idly advancing in all the leading interests that comhinc in Imilding up a lirst- 
 class inland city, an<l. having nnitid the representatives of cajiital, trade and manufactni'cs in an 
 association known as the Boai'd of Ti'adenf the City of Trenton, it is ]irop<'i' that the ohjects of 
 this organization should he clearly underst 1 anil set forth ; tlua'cfore, he it 
 
 " licsolrctl. That the purposes of this I'.oai'd are to secure a conminnity of all interests vitally 
 important to the growth and jirosperity of the city ; to further anil protect our manufacturing inter- 
 ests ; to secure and utilize the local and natural advantages at om' command ; to attract and divert 
 capital into the <'hannels of industrv ; to lU'gc pnhlic ami private ini]irovements ; to colli-ct and 
 ]ircservt' valuahle statistical information ; to <-onduce to progress and success, to the end that 
 foreign ca|)ital may see in the city of Trenton an inviting held." 
 
 Thus the ohjects of the organization were distinctly set forth, ami for the furtherance of these 
 ohjects the Board of Trade has ever given its hest elforts, counsel and inllucnce. 
 
 U[)on the fourtet'uth of March, l^Tl, the Board of Trade was incorporated. It was the lirst 
 organization of its kind in the Stat<' of New Jersey to avail itself of such advantage. 
 
 During the years of its existence some of our most prominent, pros))erous and influential 
 citizens have heen connected with the Pxiard, many of whom have iiresided over its deliherations 
 as President. We might name here some of the [iromincnt men who have heen President of 
 the Board. John .\. liocliling, who died July, IMIii). ami whose successors were as follows : 
 Charles Hewitt, INd'.) ; Alfred S. Living.^^ton, INTO; Jacol, I!. Frecse, 1S71 ; Ogden W. Blackfan, 
 l.s7-_>; Ceorge S. (ireen, ISTo ; I). P. Forst, 1X71: .h.hn Moses, IST') ; William Dolton. lS7(i ; 
 1). 15. Coleman. 1X77; John S. Nohle, 1S7S ; James Buchanan, 1.S71I; Adam E.xton, 1.S80 ; W. 
 W. P. Phillip.s, ISSl ; B. Cill, 1S,S2-S:^; Charles Scott, ISS.") ; A. J. Rider, lSS(i-S7-8S; Dr. C. 
 Shepherd, PSS'J; B. B. Hutchinson, IS'.K) ; Lewis Parker, 1X1)1-92; E. C. Hill. lSl):!-n4 ; Dr. II. 
 (i. Norton, 18U5. 
 
 Mr. AV. W. Stelle was elected Secretarv of the Board in 1S7:1. and has heen annually n-clccted 
 to that oHice since, thus s<rvini: the Board foi- twentv-two consecutive \ears. 
 
THE CITY OF TRENTON. 
 
 279 
 
 During all these years of tluj linaril's cirgaiii/.atii)ii many iiiattcrs nf tln' utinost iiii]i(irtance 
 have come befurc the Board fur cDiisidci-atioii ami actiuu, [icrtaiiiimi' t" the citv's welfare, the 
 prosi)erity nf the eoniiminity. and thr adsanccmciil of tlic Lri'iicral liu<iii(>s iiitci-ests of the citv 
 and the improvements incident tn a uruwinu nnniici|>ality. The ucntlcmi'ii w ho ha\e hccn asso- 
 ciated with the Board have given their wise comisel and rncr^ctic inliucncc tn inan\- ami. we mi'jlif 
 say, all matters tliat have had for tlnir aim the ])nlilic weal. 
 
 The present ullicers are: Dr. II. G. Nortim. I'rcsidrni : Ira W. Wdod, h'irst N'irr President ; 
 Hugh H. Ilamill, Second ^'ice President; W. W. ."-iti'lle, S(ciiiai\- : Ivlmnnd Wood, Treasni-er. 
 togetlicr with the following Trustees: Lewis Parker, S. K. Kaufman, .\dani lv\|on. l']. .M. OillicM 
 and Kihnund A\'ood. 
 
(•ii.\i''im:u xxMii. 
 
 THE CITY OF TO-DAY 
 
 Thicxton's DisTiNca-isiiiNf: C'iiahactehistic a I*1!(i(:hi:<sivk Cdnsekvatism — T\\]< Appkars i.\ 
 
 I''VKI,'V rilASi: (IF ("ITV I.IKI': StA'I'ISTK S OK I'c IITI, ATH IN AMI M AN I'KAI TriiES, IS'JO TO 1895 
 
 'I'lll'] l'"lNAN( iAI. riiMHIlilN 111' Tl! K.NIl IN. 
 
 I.TH()r01I TiTiitnn (if tu-(lay lian for licr watcliwinil '' I'roirrrss, "" it is set in 
 
 c"'\> ;\\ • iiniiii-r ini'lcs an<l IkiuikIs liv a wise conscrvatisni. In vain do we oxainine the 
 
 '^^ ' N""ij*ii#- |ianrs of 'I'l'cnlon's history foi' any reconls of niunici|ial cxtravaLianci'. Our eity 
 
 J''' "/i^.-''''\i lias met eonditions as she has found tiiein, lias irrown steadilv and surelv, Init 
 
 '-■<-■ /^'^ has lU'Ver sought to creati' siK-h conditions. Wisdom has jire-emineiitly distin- 
 
 •juished her course. The horoULrlis. to\vnshi|is and |iortions of to\\nshi|is whieli 
 
 cj^*\;_jjj^ have heeome a ]iart of her existence have, as it were, irlided into their new 
 
 (g)Q^^ ~k relations. .\'o foi'cc, no ]iersuasion, no sjieeious |iroinises were used — merely an 
 
 (^^.^^y" inevitalili' alisorption which i-ould only make the hody cor|iorate more stronir 
 
 and |icrnianently eii<lnrin,u. 
 
 This heini;- true of these more jiatcnt ])hases of her develoiiment, the same s|iirit is found 
 
 aetuatinir her Imsiness anil social life. Trenton has hecn too remote fi'om either i'liiladcl|iliia or 
 
 Nc\\ ^'llrk to heeome the storehouse for the surplus of metroiiolitan life. The characteristics of the 
 
 |ircseiit Ivist and West .lersev towns lyinu' eonti,L:uous to the ureat cities are wantinc in Trenton. 
 
 That vast tide of hnnianitv which elihs and Hows aia-oss the llndson and the Udawarc, niakini;- 
 
 near-hy towns iiiiniatin'e rc|iroduetiiins of the metrojiolis, scarce touches this city. Trenton is hii;lily 
 
 iniUviduali/.ed. It is a city where the home is in constant touch with the linancial and social 
 
 powers which create that home. Trenton's history, in short, is uniipie. and \\liatc\er >lii- is to-day 
 
 is verv lari;'elv the result of her own actions and of the energies of the men and women who dwell 
 
 within her Imrders. This, however, is not proxineialism. It is not a lack of sympathy with 
 
 hnnianit\- which dwells in the ureater cities. I'pon the otli.a- hand. Treiitoirs name has reached 
 
 the most ri'inote districts of every ICuropcan counlrv. The foreii;ii population of Trenton is very 
 
 larti'e and constantly iiici'i^asimj. lUlt it is not a " drifting;- '" class ; its permanency is proverhial. 
 
 Were the city "provincial," would this he true? Did otiiei- cities offer , ■greater induecnient>. would 
 
 the forei,i:n-horn lesideiits, wlm have no associations with our older hearthstones, remain within 
 
 our limits ? 
 
 In her |ihil,-iiithropie and ecclesiastical life Trenton su|iports a lialf hundred churches, three 
 liospitals and a lumiher of missions and homes, t'hm-ch societies, suc-h as thi' l']pworth f.eauue, 
 Kin;:"s Dauirhlcrs, Christian I'^ndeavor d sIidIIIIi r. are of i^rcat strength, anil are doinir a nohle work in 
 cverv portion of the city. The charities of Trenton are not ostentatious hut are none the less potent. 
 In cit\- jrovermnent tiie spirit of conservatism prevails. Trenton has nc\er saddled herself with a 
 hwsv municipal deht and tlicn Lione into hankinptey and ipiasi-i'epudiation. .Mlhouiih slow to adopt 
 tlie system of .^ewers. paved streets and electric liiililin.i;. these have hecn adopted as occasion h.-is 
 ari.sen, and at present Trenton eiijoy,^ the repntalioii of iicinii' one of the hestdii;hled cities in the 
 
THE CITY OF TRENTON. 
 
 281 
 
 T'niiiii. Tlic rr|iutatii>ns nf tlir iidlicc iuul lire ilc|i;irliiirnts ;in.' sustiiinril liy tlic siiii|ili' mi'iiticni nf 
 tlirii- iianu's. 
 
 Ti'cntdii as a cinnniri-cial cciitrr is kiinwn tlic ruiuitiT uvci'. 'I'lir traviTniL^ miii dl' the |Hi||crics 
 ami i I'd 1 1 <-diii|iaiiirs iisuallv make their jicaihuiarlcrs in (lie cil w and si art I'i'dni llic ritv dn '' tri|is "' 
 uliicli iiacli td Mrxicd, N'ancdiivcr. (iuclirc nv Havana. 'I'liis Irads diiTitly Id a fact cdnccrninL; 
 Ti'cntdn : it is tiiat iid dtliiT i-ity in the Stati' is sd well ii|ni|i|H-il in tiir niattrr dl' lidtds. 'i'lii> is 
 dwini;- iidt Sd niucli td tlir daily ti'avi'i as td tln' fact lliat 'I'lcnlini is the '"ipjial of tiii' State, where 
 are lield the annual sessidns df the I>eL;islatin'e. State cun vent idns df all the |idlitical |iaitics and the 
 most itnpdrtant nieetinus df the secret Sdcieties are held in 'I'lentdn. Ijcc.inse df the raihdad and Imtel 
 aecdinmddatidns. The fdlldwiiiu are thi' names of the l,irL;cr hdtels. \vith their capacities ; ,\niei'i<-an. 
 L'OI); Harldw's, KtO; Stati' Strec't, I'Jd ; T|-etitdn, L'dd; I'nited States. T'l : Windsdi-. ;;(l(). 
 
 In the ""Trentdu ilduse" is the Statc'-fanieil rddin '■<)nc Hundred." where the iidUtical fdr- 
 tunes (if many men df [iriindnence in State jidlities ha\e heeii made dr \\reckiil. 
 
 KoM Sain I M v i:n s ( ■.\-i'!n;i>li M sii iti. I.' imk r 
 
 In the life df that iiditidu df the city wliieli is strictly fashiduaMc, the characteristics of .society 
 arc m...leled lar-ely updU I'hiladcjpliia lini's. Many if not all the .|Ualitics whii'h distin.uuisli that 
 city ari' a|i|ilicali|c td Ti-cntdu. In this respect Trcntun is sl|-ictly cdiiservative. and has never 
 addptcd the wilier ranue df New ^'mk and her mure cusindpulitan ideas. This pi-ccludcs in Trcntun, 
 anv Ideal llnluniid ; nor is theie in the city an artistic, a musical nr a literary '•//(/"r. im-xr. Chlh lite, 
 cdnsei|Uently. is nut a very distinct ive feature, althdiii^h the histiirieii-patridtic urdcrs. such as the 
 Sons I if the llcvdlntidn. Sdir- nf the .\ ineriean Itevulutidn. I )aui:liters (if the .\meriean KeVdIutidn, 
 and ('dliinial |)ames, are vci-y inliuciitial social faeturs. 
 
 The advanta'jes (if the citv df Tnaitun have hccn sn well descaalicd hy the ruiard df Trade, that 
 td dd am^ht e than npeat llieni Wduld he su|ierllniius. They arc thus stated : 
 
 "The city df TrentdU is heautifully and healthfully located at the head df tide-water, on the 
 I'iver Delaware, and is the capital df the State of -New .fersey and df .Mercer cdunty. It was scttlc(l 
 ahdiit KiT'.t hy Mahlun Stacy, was the liattle-f;round of two imjiortant hattles duriuLf the Itcvolu- 
 tiduary war. and in MM was the seal df the Natinnal ( loveriimcnt. It has a population of si.xty- 
 
282 
 
 THE CITY OF TRENTON. 
 
 five thousaml inlialiitaiUs. It lias unsurj)assLHl railroad comnumicationp, heinir <m tho main lino 
 1)1" tiic IViiiisylvania railroad, and is winncrted hy a four-nnlc hranch with tlic Baltimore ami Ohio, 
 the Central, and the lU'adini; i-ailmad systems. It is ecimiiMted via linrilentown with the Camden 
 
 and And)oy railroad, and has 
 short and direet connection l)y 
 the Uelvidere Delaware route 
 with tile coal and ii'on rej.dons 
 111' i'ennsylvania. It has forty 
 daily trains to New Yuvk and 
 litty-oiie to I'liiladelphia, an<l 
 the fares are low . It has <_rood 
 canal facilities, uitli ehea|i 
 trans|i<irtation rates. it has 
 daily steamhoat coimection 
 uitli l'liiladel|ihi.-i, via tlie 
 Hiver 1 )ela\v,lic. It lias low 
 freii;hts and fi'ec|Ui'nt mails. 
 1 1 is the central ]i(iint of dis- 
 tiiliuliiin lietween .W'w York 
 ami I'liiladelphia. it is within 
 t\vo hours of Long Branch and 
 the seashore. Tt has teleLa-a])li 
 coimections with all points, 
 and lonir-distunce telei)lione 
 connection with all ])oints east of Chica.L'o. It is the seat of the State Li'^islature, of the United 
 States Circuit and District Com-ts, of the .New .Iei>ey Court of I'>rrors and Appeals, ("ourt of 
 Chaneerv, Supreme CoiU't. Court nf I'ai'don^. and (if tlii' >h-reei- county enui'ts. There are hicated in 
 and near Trenton the State Capitol. Cnited Slates Court Jlouse, State haw Lihrary, State Normal 
 ami Model Schools, State Dcaf-Mute School. State Insane Asylum, State Industrial School for (iirls, 
 State I'rison and Slah' .\rseiial. 
 
 ilih.l- N W I tt.i. A \ l-INTK. 
 
 It is the center of the jMittei-y 
 trade, and manufactures half 
 the china and cruckevy pro- 
 duced in the Cnited State>;. 
 It sends out twn hundrcil 
 drununers. Its coi-jMirate 
 limits ]\;wr recently heen ex- 
 tended. It is well Kovcrned, 
 has a small deht and low 
 taxes. It is a healthy city, 
 has excellent surface drainatre 
 and an adnurahle system of 
 sewers. It has an ahundauce 
 of water. It is well lii.diti'd 
 hy hoth electricity and gas. It 
 has an cflicient police force of 
 seventy-seven men. It main- 
 tains a wcll-nianageil ]iaid lire 
 dejiartnu-nt, with all modern 
 ajipliances. It has splendid 
 schools — a Normal School for 
 
 training teachers, a .Modi'I School maintained hy the State, a free High School, and twenty-one 
 granunai' schools, hesides three husincss colleges and several private art and music sclionls. 
 
 "It has thirty miles of streets, many of whidi are well paved. It h.as a I'ark of ciiie hundred 
 acres that is a perfet't gem ; a ])uhlic square, and many large open spaces al>out the puhlic liuildings. 
 
 ^Tftr" ^^^ 
 
 
 ScKNK ON KaST HaNiiVKU STUKKT. 
 
TIIK CITY OF TItEX'I'ON. 
 
 28;? 
 
 It is soon to beu'in the ronstnictidii nl' a 1mui1c\:ii-i1 di- vivi/r drivi-, wiiicli will cxfi'iiil livr inile^; aloinr 
 
 tlio River Delaware. It lias ((Hiiiilrtrd the I'lccti I' a s7"),nil(l niiJiiunicnt In rdniincnioratc the 
 
 liattle (if Treiitiiii. J t lias elmi'elies i if alniust ev<'i-y ileiioiiiiiial iuii, anil a li\c ^'llllnL; .Mi-n's ( 'liri>tiaii 
 Association. Jt lias ei<:lit liotels nf tlir lari^cr kind, with a eapaeity of twelve hundred quests. It 
 has su]ieriiir markets, sujiplied with the Kist iiicat>, vcuetahles, fruits and jirdiluee, Tuesdays, 
 'riiiirsdays and Saturdays hciiit; the farnurs' inai-ket days. It has a low death-rate. Jt has 
 three natiimal banks, a s.afe deposit and trust ediniiany, and a, strdnLr, \vell-niaiiat;ed savinus hank. 
 It has three daily newsjiapers, a Sunday |)a|ier, si.x weeklies and a hi-weeklv. It has a t<'leiihdne 
 system with a larn'e r//V/(/(/( of Idi'al sul>sei-ili<'rs. It ha,^ elect rie ears runnini;- to every part df IIk; 
 city and suhnrlis. It lias a beautiful ( )pera House and a Masdiiie Temple, ami inuiierous small 
 halls. It has a Public Libi-ai-y of ten tlmusand vohnnes, liesidt's the State Lihi'arv <if forty thou.sand 
 \(ilumes. It has thret' free hdspitals. a free disinnisary, a ('liildrcn"s lldiin', a l''ldrenec ^fissidii, a 
 Widows' anil Simple A\'omcn's Ildinc, a Day Nursery and a Soi'ii4y fur Orj^ani/.in^' Charity. ft has 
 prd.uressive buildin.i; and Inan associations. It offers numerous attractinns of a sportin;_' nature. It 
 has a fleet of yachts .and sail-bnats mi the river, a IlidiiiL;- .\eadeiiiy, a |)riviiii;- Park, the .Meiver 
 Cdunty Wheelmen llicyele Club and a nymnasiuni. It has the Inter-State l''air fur an annual 
 cxhiliitiim. 
 
 "It lias jiotteries, pdik-paekint: (■stablishmeiits, rdlliiiL: and wire mills, rubber wurks, 
 wodlcn mills, oilcloth wurks. watch factories, tlint mills, huiiber mills, spice mills, tcrra-cntta 
 works and foundries. It manufactures carriajies and waiions, bunts and shnes. a.ixricultural 
 iniiilenients, steam i/n^ini'S, tools and anvils, hardw.ire, buws .and felines, biieks and lii-e-bricks, 
 brushes, carpets, cigars, chains, saddlery, barrels, fertilizers, p.ajicr buxes, nrjians and jiianos, 
 [lunijis, saws and saw toeth, soajis and watches. Its pieojile are intelliticnt, liberal and hosiiitablc, 
 and they cordially welcumc new residents." 
 
 As to the industrial lift' of Treiitim the statistics compiled fr the census of ISDO, show a 
 
 marked <;ain oyer the preceding decade. The fVillowing tabulated statements presented hei-ewith 
 include only establishments which I'eportcd a product of :Bo"() or more in \aluc during the census 
 year, and, so far as practicable, only those I'stablishiniaits operating works loeated within the 
 corporate limits of the city : 
 
 COMPARATIVE STATEMENT OF TOTALS UNDER GENERAL HEADS OF INODIRV: 18S0 AND ISOfl. 
 
 INDrSTRlES. 
 
 Number 
 industries 
 reported. 
 
 Number 
 establish- 
 ments 
 reporting. 
 
 Capital." 
 
 §6,966,830 
 14,919,417 
 
 Hands 
 employed. 
 
 Wages paid. 
 
 Cost of mate- 
 rials used. 
 
 All Lnilustries | j^^ 
 
 73 
 85 
 
 404 
 
 777 
 
 8.902 
 12,284 
 
 $3,150,119 
 t;,48-,300 
 
 ?7.421.3<t9 
 8,740,888 
 
 
 Miscellaneous 
 e.\penses.t 
 
 Vului' of 
 product. 
 
 aiUNicii'Ai. n.\i A. 
 
 INDCSTRIES. 
 
 ropulntion. 
 
 As,scs,sed 
 valuution. 
 
 Municipal 
 debt.} 
 
 All Industries f J^^J 
 
 
 $12,712,762 
 I9,.597,l)01 
 
 29.910 
 57,458 
 
 ?1.'),I!-0,0I7 
 28,033,248 
 
 JH64,501 
 953,528 
 
 »938,413 
 
 * The value of hired property is not included for 1890, because it was not reported in 1880. 
 
 f No inquiry in 1880 relatiuK to " Miscellaneous «?xpenses." 
 
 :The amount stated represents the " net debt," or ttie total atnount of municipal debt less sinliiiu,' fund. 
 
 A striking feature of these returns is the satisfactory increase in the number of establishments 
 i'c]iorted. .'^till more gratifying is the increase during the decade in the number of hands employed 
 and the amount of wages paid : the wage- have increased not only actually but relatively, the 
 average wages jier hand inci-casing from S:',.")! in JS.SO to .So.'Jii in IS'.tO, or ol.ll per cent. 
 
 Part of this increase is undoubtedly due to the fact that in many industries relatively more 
 men were employed in IS'.KI and less children, and also to the fact that in ten yeai's many branches 
 of industry havi; improved the grades of their ]iroducts, and foi- this reason require more skilled 
 and higher-paid employes. After making all ]iossible allowance fo|- these changes, for the more 
 thorough enumeration of IS'.IO, and for the advance in ipianlily of manufactured product, we have 
 a decided relative increase in the amount paid in wages between IS.SO and IS'.HI. 
 
2S.1 
 
 II IK CITY OF TRENTON. 
 
 -h'pOO» tioiooAV «^ 
 
 I I 
 
 sss s 
 
 f -f o — 
 
 j-:}iijqsi[(|iul pint :i(iiiuu«i 
 
 (•fiju.miqsn'iwiso R) 
 
 (I<JHK oupi-iBui pint A'jpiino,^ 
 
 (•siu.irai[si|qwisa y) 'Sionp 
 -<»jd HP" i«!J3 pii« aupnoiji 
 
 s 
 
 0/ 
 
 '5 
 
 
 
 'o 
 
 (•S)u-nuiiwinitrisa i)i) 
 •A'joiioii.).>nio3 
 
 ^ 
 
 
 g 
 
 00 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 gg2 2 
 
 t-occ^ to 
 
 — p^ w 
 
 o 
 
 ^ 
 
 ". 
 
 g 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 ■V e»; -J C-t 
 
 S » 
 
 US 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 O O O lO 
 
 eoo> — 
 
 ill i 
 
 C1U5U5 
 
 »22 a 
 
 
 s 
 
 ssss 
 
 s 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 *g 
 
 s 
 
 
 
 
 
 f-sjiK>iuiisii(prisa ifi) 
 ■spnpojd Xj^uoti pun Xiti.") 
 
 (•siHouinsnqwisa s) 
 •auijujo.iop— wupio 
 
 I s)[i.>miis!irptiso 8) 
 ■suoaw.w pun soHwijanj 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 SSI 
 
 c? to OO 
 
 ^ 
 
 ^ 
 
 a 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 800 CO 
 CC U5C-» LO 
 
 cjcea 
 co<oc<i 
 
 ("■Kpi-tuitiKiiqwisa V) 
 •j.Mic|ii.i— ttsoq puTt -luniDg 
 
 2 
 
 ^ 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 ira 
 
 80Q eo OM O 
 o o CO c-i o^ lo 
 
 woseooo 
 
 coec — 
 
 b ^r ii 
 
 s — - 
 
 
 es 
 
 -5 
 
 So •» «C OJ — — 
 «- O (K "T lO CO 
 
 cQ o> u?io 
 
 CO' -TOO COM 
 
 SZ 
 
 goo 
 oo 
 
 - l-(OCO 
 
 CI « -r o « 
 
 CI us lit 3C — 
 
 ills 
 =11 
 
 « a = 
 c Si r- 
 
 
 •- ■ ? i 5 E'^ 1 
 
 Sc > ^ = 5 i "^ 
 = & c a = J = 5 
 
 ■s s^ 
 
 5; ? 
 
 
TlIK CITY OF TltKNTON. 
 
 2sr, 
 
 As to tlir latest i-ctnnis fnv dilails u\' |i()|,ula(i(iii. lln' liiillctilis of tlii' Census Oliicc arc ul' 
 interest. In IS'.H), the latest availaMe iiatiunal liiiuivs, the tulal |»i|inlaliun ,,( \\„- citv was .")7,4.")S, 
 (if which 14. (US were foreign h'.rn. Of tln' 14,()4S, Canada and Xeununidland I'urnislud IIS, 
 Snuth .\nieriea 7 and C'uha and the West indies HI. There were .'!, 600 Irish, 8,S.S2 Kufrlisli ftlus 
 very large jicrcentafic due to tile ]iottcry men and women), 427 Scotch, 4S Welsh. Of the 'i'eutons, 
 we lind .■!,il74 (iermans, SO Austrians, 2>'> Hollanders, .'17 Swiss. The Si'andinavians were rc|M-esent<'d 
 hy 7 Xorwciiians, s;; Swcilcs and 4:1 Danes. Of the Slavonic |ico|iies. tliei-c wia-c 211 Kussians 
 0.17 llun.uarians, 1 iioheniian and 21(1 Poles, lai'ucly ironwoi'ki-i's. The ( Ira'cod.atins furnishci] .')!l 
 l'"reii(h. .')11 Italians, 1 Sjianiai'd. 1 (Ireek. There were also .'l.'l Chinese. I .hi|ianese, (IS .\fricans, 
 4 from .\tlantic islands, 1 civilized Indian, 7 .Vusti'aliaiis and 2 4'urks. The nnndici' of males 
 reported in IS'.K) was 2'.l, 11 (J, an<l the numher uf females 2S,;i42, with a tola! white |>o|inl.ition of 
 .")•"). 72(1. The nmnhcr of ])ersons of .Vfrican descent w.as l,(ii)7. The |iopu]atioii of Ti-enton imder 
 the State census of IS'.I.') is as follows, showini: the pojiulation hy wards, with the increase or 
 decrease of ca(4i : 
 
 Wanls. 
 
 First 
 
 Second, ...... 
 
 4'hinl 
 
 iM.nitli 
 
 Fifth 
 
 Si.Kth 
 
 Si'Vcnth, ..... 
 
 Eifihth, 
 
 Nintli 
 
 Tenth 
 
 l':icvcnth 
 
 1 SOS. 
 
 iH n. 
 
 Iiirn-;isi' 
 
 T)ccn'a.s<'. 
 
 4,7;is 
 
 .'1,0711 
 
 
 ;!.".s 
 
 .•1.4oS 
 
 ;i,0(i;i 
 
 :i'.i."> 
 
 
 7,():i(i 
 
 7,;i;ii 
 
 
 2'.t-". 
 
 r>,()2(i 
 
 r),()M2 
 
 
 12 
 
 •'),4'.»() 
 
 r,,-,s.-, 
 
 
 ",).") 
 
 •2,'.)w 
 
 2,7!)1 
 
 1(14 
 
 
 il,SM2 
 
 ',),;',s;i 
 
 44'.i 
 
 
 4,(i;!() 
 
 ;!,S02 
 
 S2S 
 
 
 (1,(14(1 
 
 ( 1,12s 
 
 .-.IS 
 
 
 .■),'.)(1.'! 
 
 ;i,'.)4".i 
 
 2.01 1 
 
 
 (1,S()() 
 
 o,;iis 
 
 1,4S2 
 
 
 r..tals 
 
 (12, -'.(IS .J7,4.')S 
 
 o.sr.o 
 
 740 
 
 This i> the |Mi|iidation actnally within the cily limits. 4'i-enloii iii;hlfnll\- c.an c laim as pai't of 
 her |ieople those resi<lents ilirectly on her hoi'dci', which in( hulcs the followini; : 
 
 Borough of W'ilhui', p(jpidation, 
 Cadwaladci- Place. .... 
 Part of Ilillciest and \ iiinity, 
 Pait of Kwing. .... 
 
 Part of Lawi'ence, . . . . 
 
 lIomed( 11 tract, .... 
 
 Uroad Sti'ci t Pai'k horough and \icinitv. 
 
 Total 
 
 ..")()( ) 
 2( « ) 
 2( H I 
 
 r)00 
 •>r>o 
 
 2(M) 
 
 : 1.000 
 
 This woidd make the population of lhecil\- (1.")..'>(1S. This oulhing tci'i'itorv is in facl a pari 
 of the city. 
 
 Till' ligurcs show that the thri'c Chamlici-shin-i; waids have a population of I'.I.IO'.'. nearly one- 
 third the entile popul.ltioll of till' cit\'. while South of the Orcck o4. 120 of the Jicoplc live. 
 
 4 he folliiwiiig is the complete S(4iool census, li\- w.ards, for the city of Trenton : 
 
 Wards 
 
 First, 
 
 Second, .......... 
 
 Third 
 
 Foiirlh 
 
 Fifth 
 
 Si.xth, 
 
 Seventh, .......... 
 
 Eighth, 
 
 ISM. 
 
 ls;u. 
 
 it:i2 
 
 1,010 
 
 ( ■' > 1 
 
 (i.')S 
 
 i,;t2o 
 
 I.IDS 
 
 1,24'.) 
 
 l,|s:; 
 
 1 , 1 2'.l 
 
 1,217 
 
 7(J2 
 
 S2S 
 
 2,7(IS 
 
 2,:57;» 
 
 i,;w7 
 
 i,2;io 
 
2S(; 
 
 •II IK CITY (IF 'I'liKNToX. 
 
 Wiirds. 
 
 Xintli, . 
 
 Tonth, 
 
 Klcvi'iitli. 
 
 ISOS. 1894. 
 
 1,.">()2 \,:V.n 
 
 i,;i")(; i,-283 
 
 l..")7(5 1,573 
 
 TotMl 
 
 u.i;;;; \\.:v>\ 
 
 111 tlic statistics for manufactures 'rr.iit..n rcportcl in |SiH), SS.") cstalilisiuncnts. witji Sl.'.Ki'-I.Ciiy 
 nt' hired |ini|icrty in tin- <-n|iilal invested. The a;i}irej;ate capital was Sl'.t.'JT'^.OlI. The total value 
 ,,r all the plants was divided into S2.!),SO.S3,S for laud, S3,4()!),r)5-i f<,i- huihnn-s. and s:5, SDS, So;) for 
 uiacliinei-v, tools and iniplenieuts. The live assets were .SI, 407, •''>•")! for raw materials, S.'5,()<S'.t,0.';4 
 for stock in ]irocess and liuishecl |iroducts on li.and. and S.">.741 .■")()7 foi- ca.--h, l)ills and accounts 
 reccivalile and sunih'ies. 
 
 In rent |iaid for leiianev we find SloS.-Jll ; taxes, iueludini;- internal revenue, ?107.r)lS; insur- 
 ance, S7-'),4''^''- 'ii"! i'e|iairs on Imildiniis and maihineiw, $',*()4,(((),S, and iiilei-est paid on cash in the 
 l.usin.'.ss, .S-2.")().MC,. 
 
 The aveia^'e numher of employes in Ti'eiiton in IS'.IO w;is ll.'.ist. with a total \v.ai;c account of 
 •S7,'-MiS,.Si)4. Of the olliccrs, lirm niendiei-s am I clerks ahove sixteen veaisofaLie thia-cwcre 1,001, 
 with wa^es a,irj,'rei:atini.' S 1,0-". 1,01 <i. The followini; statistics show the pi-eseiit numliei- of estahli.sh- 
 incnts in eaih of the industi'ies mentioned. The liuurcs vai'v somewli.it from those I'eported hy the 
 census of IMIO, and are ac'curale in so fai' as the present status of the city is concerned : 
 
 .\t;ri<-ultural implement works.!'; auctioneers,"!; hakci's, oO ; harliei's, SS ; hicycle agents, S ; 
 hlacksiiiitlis, 21 ; hookhinders, fi ; hont .and shoe dealers, :'>7 ; hoot and shoe makers, n'.) ■, hrick 
 manufacturers, 12 ; hiitchers. 7<> ; candv manufactnici's, o ; carpenters and ImiMers, ;>7 ; carriairc 
 huililers, '.) ; ciirar manufacturers. Il'.l; coal ami w odd niei-eh.ants. -'U ; eonfeetionery dealers. •")'.!; 
 contractors, 7'-i ; cracker manuf.aeturcrs, 1 ; dressmakers. SO ; dry Lroods. 1(1 ; ilyeinu- estahlishinents, 
 .") ; ex|iresses, local, 22 ; fcrtili/er dealci's and m.anufaitui-ei-s. 4; lire-hrick manufacturer, 1 ; Hint 
 mills, 2; llorists, 7; llour ami feed merchants, hs ; Hour mills, ."> ; foundries, 5; groccn's, retail, 
 2<>2 ; grocers, wholesale, (i ; hardware merchants, !•"> ; harness manufacturers, 1.'! ; ice dealers, U) ; 
 insurance com|ianv. 1 ; iron coiiipanies, o ; iron foundries, 7 ; jeweler. luanufacturinL', 1 ; kiln- 
 huilders, ;! ; lamp manuiacturers, 2; Chinese laundries, 2."> ; steam laundries, ."> ; wholesale liipior 
 dealers. 11 ; li\'erv stahles, 22; lunihir dcalei--. '.) ; machinists, l.'l; marhle yards, 5; nieiihant 
 tailor.s, 1'.); milk dealers, 'M : millinery, 21 ; moilelers. •"> ; newsdealers, I'.l ; oilcloth com]ian\-. 1 ; 
 opticians, .") ; paintei's. iiouse .and siL:n, '■>'<: ]iap(a' hair manufacturers, o; pa]M'i' hox manufacturer, 
 1 ; photoi_'r;i pliers, II ; piano mainilacturer. 1 ; piano tunei's. li ; jilaiiiiiL; mills. S; |iluiuhers, 22; 
 pork packei's, 1; pottei'ics, 2".( ; pottei's' supplies. 2: hook ami joh printci's. 10; |i|-oduce dealei's, 
 ;'>1 ; reiristcrs, cash, 2 ; lailihei- manufacturers, '.I ; roofers. 7 ; sausatre manufacturers, 4 : saw 
 factory. 1 ; shipwi-iirht, 1 ; soap works, 1 ; spice mills. 2 ; spring mattress company. 1 ; stair- 
 huilder, 1 ; starch, 1 ; stone dealeis. li ; stor.agc wardiousi's. •"> ; taxidermists, 2; tile works, 2; 
 tinsmiths, 1-"); nmhi-ella-makcrs, 2; nndertakers. 10; upholstei-crs. 4; veterinarians, 11 ; wall- 
 paper dealers, 17; watchniakers and jewelers. 20; well-diggers. 2; wheelwrights. I ; wire cloth 
 maiiufacturer, 1 ; wire fence manufacturer, 1 ; wire mills, 2 ; woolen mills. 2. 
 
 Hoarding-houses, 2!l ; hotels and saloons, ■U<() ; i-estauraiits, oS. 
 
 .Vrchitects, l,'!; artists. Hi; hankers and hrokers, ;! ; civil engineers and surveyors, l(i ; deiitist.s, 
 2.'!; draughtsmen, I; druggists, Ml) ; electrical engineers, 1 ; engravers, ."> ; insurance and real 
 estate agents, 10; lawyers, lOti ; music teacliei-s, 47; nurses, Ki ; physicians, S2. 
 
 Till-: FiNANciAi, CoxnrrioN oi-- Ti!i:xrox. 
 
 The following is an ahstract of the ri'porl of the City Ti-ea>urer of Trenton hn- the fiscal year 
 ending Fehruarv 2Stli, IS!)') : 
 
 fh: 
 
 To halance on hand .March 1st, 1S<)4, §20. I IMC, 1 
 
 Kec-eivcr of Taxes — 
 
 Tax of 1S93, S20S. 102 n 
 
 " FS04, ;5(),s,i;m rx; 
 
 ol6,28(J (5? 
 
THE CITY OF TRENTON. 2S7 
 
 Dr]iiii|Vicnt taxes :\iiil assessments, ..... §22.711 (IS 
 
 State :i|i])rojiriatit>n til scIiddIs, 1S'.)4, ..... .S4 2;)() .")2 
 
 State tax (111 e()r|i(iratiiiiis. ....... :!,S,'!;i 77 
 
 l-ie<'lise ',)S..4'.)S CO 
 
 Police Court fines. ... ; . . . . ;!.()22 •'!(> 
 
 District Court costs, ......... 1,;]")'.) ,S1 
 
 Street |icrniit,s, ;-;;>l -,() 
 
 ]>uililinL; iierniits, ......... 2.'!2 ^O 
 
 Rfi'ts 72.-, 00 
 
 ( )1(1 iiKiterial. .......... 124 T)! 
 
 I'reniiuni on lionils. ........ .•!47 .",() 
 
 Aeeru<'(l interest mi ImiihIs, ....... .",1 o;; 
 
 Surplus Street Coiinnissidiier's a|>|iro|iiia(iMii, . . :y,\ so 
 
 Sale of city lot, 2') 00 
 
 Reliate on Police ( 'ouiniissiou warrant, ..... 7 (>t) 
 
 ^Ierc(>r <'ounty election cxiienses, Xovenilier. IS'.M. . . . 7-!l 10 
 
 Lamps on raili'oad crossinii>, ...... 47.S SO 
 
 TriMiton Passenger Railway ( 'ompany, I'oi- sti'ci4 woik, . . (;4 4.-, 
 
 Temporary loans, ........ 20,000 00 
 
 Rcilcmption of Martin Act sales, ...... ;11 1 7'.i 
 
 Pximls issued duriuu' the fiscal year, ..... 21.;.itOOOO 
 
 Ti-mjiorary imjn-ovement <-erlilieates issui'il, .... 10S,7oo 00 
 
 To street assessments, ........ ■")-"),7!t4 14 
 
 Cr. 
 
 I>v ( 'onimis>ioner of tlie Sinkim; i'^und — 
 
 A[ipropriation to loans, IMi.'l, . . . .S4S,.';(ii'i ."i.'I 
 
 '■ •■ 1S'.I4, . . . 44,77o II 
 
 Street assessment coll, ciions, IS'.i;;, . . 7,ol(iS'.i 
 
 " " " 1S'.I4, . . .•;i,421 14 
 
 S1,1.")2,7'.M 07 
 
 «l.'!l,sso t)0 
 
 Interest on lionds — 
 
 Interest on coupon lionds, . . . S4.''), (ill.'! .")() 
 
 " n.jristcred lionds, .... 7,itS0 00 
 
 .'j;!,()7o .-)0 
 
 Interest on tem]iorar\' loans, ...... 5,7SS 3S 
 
 '' '■ " impi'ovenient certilii'atcs, . . . 2S,852 oO 
 
 State school tax, l.SiJ4, 77,10") 12 
 
 Fii'e Commission, ......... (iO, S;!'.) (;.■) 
 
 Police Commission, ........ ()4.!).'M 27 
 
 Park Connnission, ICi.ls.") 2'.l 
 
 Puhlic Schools- 
 City approi)riation. IS'.i:! S20,0(io 1)0 
 
 " " ls',14, . . . S,S(;.'> ].", 
 
 State " IS'.i;;, .... ()2,42(; .".-'> 
 
 " " ISDl . . (jS.lOO 00 
 
 l.")!),8i)l 4S 
 
 Lamp.s -'S-'t or, 
 
 Stroot.s — 
 
 Strc'ts, 82S,;!S1 OS 
 
 Scwcr maintenance, ..... 1,0(0 li* 
 
 2'.M.-.1 S7 
 
 Salaries, :{^,!'><^ -!• 
 
 Almshou.se, 'v^-"'7 Pi 
 
 Poor '■'• l"l ^*'> 
 
288 
 
 TlIK CITY OF TllEXTCJN. 
 
 Bcianl of Health, 
 
 (larKage ami aslii's, ......... 
 
 J'^ltrtions, .......... 
 
 I'liiitiiii,', .......... 
 
 t'ily Hall, 
 
 (.'uiitiiiffi'iit, .......... 
 
 McniT i-ouiity ta.x, IS'.);!, ....... 
 
 I'dlico t'oiiimissiiiii (I'nor), ....... 
 
 " " (.Minsliousc). 
 
 ('itizi'n.>^' Uclicf Ciimiiiittec. ....... 
 
 FiiT I)c])ai'tiiu'iit ( extra liosc), ...... 
 
 Excise ('niiiiuissii)ii, ........ 
 
 ("niiiniissioners of Ailjustiiieiit, ...... 
 
 .Mmsliouse heatint: a|i|)aratus, ....... 
 
 I*(Mir ( I'dur, .\liiislHi\ise ami I'l-iiitiiiL; Inaii ), . 
 
 .Minsliousc j I'nor, .Minsliouse ami I 'liiilim; loan ). 
 
 i'rintini: " " .... '• . . . 
 
 Monmncnt Scliool Imililint;. No. 17. ..... 
 
 .lolni .\. iJociilinji Sclio<il Imililinii'. No. ID. .... 
 
 'rcmiiorarv loans, ......... 
 
 Tenijiorarv iin|irovi'mcnt cei'tilicatcs. ..... 
 
 Kc(leni]ition of .Martin Act sales, ...... 
 
 Water Department, accrued interest ami |jremium on .s;7">.l'()l) 
 loan. .......... 
 
 Warrants issue<l jirior to March 1st. 1S'.)4 
 
 Street improvements, ........ 
 
 ."^ewci's aiiil drains. ......... 
 
 llalanci' on iicncral account, ...... 
 
 \\'.\ii:i; l)i:rAi, rMi:.\r. 
 
 Dr. 
 
 To lialancc on hand .March 1st. IS'.ll. ...... 
 
 {'ash received from Treasurer of \\ at'i' I lepnitmiiil. 
 
 Or. 
 
 Wy interest on water honds. ........ 
 
 Balance to the credit of the Water I icpartnient. 
 
 Sriii'i.rs Accor.NT, S.\i.i:s rNiiKi; M \KriN .Vcr. 
 
 Aiiiiiiiiit--< lldif jiir (Jinicrs. 
 
 Received from Ueceivcr of Taxes, ....... 
 
 I'aiil ti]ion redemption of property, ...... 
 
 r.alance on iiand March 1st, 1S!).5, 
 
 .\hstract of till' linancial statement of the city of Trenton. .New .Icrscy. 
 year, Fehruary -isth. lS'.).i: 
 
 Ih: 
 Bonds to he |iaid hy i.'eneral taxation, ..... 
 School l.nildin,ii loans— limit, §.')(),()()(), .... 
 School huildini: loans — limit, ?.">(),0()() 
 
 S3,.")nn m 
 
 o.ok; ;!4 
 
 (i,844 3(J 
 
 0,072 44 
 
 ;!,7iM; 01 
 
 (),2:i"j 84 
 
 87,134 74 
 
 7()() o7 
 
 ()30 !)() 
 
 !,.')( )0 00 
 
 ."),400 00 
 
 8, 051 5:5 
 
 s,000 00 
 
 1,74S 00 
 
 l,r,02 57 
 
 |S2 38 
 
 2. nil 28 
 
 .')(){ I 1)11 
 
 501) 00 
 
 20,000 00 
 
 13!), 800 00 
 
 314 7'.) 
 
 7B3 i)2 
 13,018 71) 
 30,20!) l.S 
 <i7, 10(1 37 
 .■',5,(i!)7 45 
 
 $1,I5-J,7!I4 07 
 
 Sisi (Ml 
 15.0(111 Oil 
 
 S15.4S1 00 
 
 S14,!)37 50 
 543 50 
 
 §15,481 00 
 
 81,132 30 
 232 07 
 
 §!)00 23 
 
 at the close of the fiscal 
 
 S8!)0.l)(HI (III 
 
 4,500 00 
 
 .30,000 00 
 
TKK CITY OK THKNTOX. 
 
 ScliiMil liiiildiiiLi: liiaiis — act "f . I line .".(I, Isiio. .... -S'-);!, 000 00 
 
 I'nrk iiii|>i-.>\(iiirnt liians — act of Mardi lllli. iss;;. . . . l;;i ,()!)() ()() 
 
 police |)c|iarliiiciit loan — limit. ^"-'O.niK (, ..... is.(ioi) oi) 
 
 <lciici-al loans — limit. s."i(l.(«((l. ....... |r,, lilil i)() 
 
 I'aiil Mi'c I )c|iai1iiicnt loan. ........ -|."),(ll|() l|() 
 
 t'liamlici^liiii'i: lionds, ........ ."il.(Hll) (10 
 
 ><.S| \,^M) 00 
 
 N'olnnlccr lionds. iliic .l.anii.ary 1st. lS'.i-"i. not |ii-i--ciitcd lor |in\'mcnt. 
 
 on which in1c|-c-t has ceased, ...... 2.00(1 00 
 
 I Iclicii my loan hond, dnc M.ay Isl. Is'.ll. not [iicscntcd For |,av- 
 
 mclit. on which intia'cst has ceased, ..... .'lOO 00 
 
 Total hondcd del. I t'l he met hy taxation, , . . . .S'SII.IJOO 00 
 
 280 
 
 CV. 
 
 1!.\- amoinit in the Sinkiir.; Fmid to the credit of the aho\'c loans as 
 
 |-c]iolted li\ the ( 'onnni>sioner. ...... 2o>;. 12"> ')'> 
 
 .Net lionded dc-lit to he met hy lax.ation, 
 
 s")7il, 174 -1." 
 
 Sti!j;(:'c J .\iia;o\K>(i;Ni' Loa.xs. 
 
 A.stiesscil (i|ion tlie city, 
 
 Apses.scd mion ijro|ierty heneiitcd. 
 
 •^l'o.s-JS k; 
 170,771 M 
 
 81i)(;.(iOO 00 
 
 Cr. 
 
 Hy amo(nit in tln' Siid^inL; l'"nnd to the (a-edit ol' the aho\.' |(j:iiis a> 
 
 rcjiorted hy 1 1 le ( 'oiimi i;-sionia', ...... 144, 0.").") 0(1 
 
 Net hoiided dcht to he met hy collections IVom as^-cssments, .S">"i,o44 '.M 
 Water l)e|)artnicnt loan-. ........ .■*l's;',, .",()() 00 
 
 Cr. 
 
 Hy amount in tlii' Siid<inL: l'"miil to the la'cdil ol' the aho\c loans as 
 
 rc|iorteil hy the ( 'onnnissionia-, ...... IS.",.!!).") 7.S 
 
 Net honded dcht to he met hv e.a rni ii^s IVom t he water Works, .'<100.;!01 -J'i 
 
 Ti:.MCni;Ai;v Si:\\ i:i; Ccirriiic.vrKs. 
 
 Statement sliouiiiL; the total amodiit of cert ilicatcs isstted for the 
 ciinstnictioii of scwcrs in the city of Trenton. The |irinci|ial 
 on tlicsc ccrtilicatcs is raised hy assessments <jn the |iro|icrly 
 iH'ni'litcd, .■<Sl> I , .".(K I 0(1 
 
 l![;l'( NIK.Nci I.UA.NS. 
 
 I>sni>d to refdiid |em|jorai'y im|irovcmenl ccitilicati 
 .\mo(nit of cia'tilicat cs not i(4'(indcd. 
 
 . s;;l>."i. loo oo 
 I'.u;, 100 00 
 
 •<>!•_' 1 . oOO 00 
 
2U0 TllK e:lTV OF TUENTON. 
 
 ReCAPITI'LATIuN (»!■■ THK 1 NUKHTKDXKSS dV THK ClTV. 
 
 Amount to credit Nt-t 
 
 Total nniount. in Sliikinu Fund. indobtediicss. 
 
 I'.oiids to lie met l.y taxation. . SS14,()()() 00 82oS.42o .>j 8")7(),174 4o 
 
 I'.oiids for street iiiiproveiiients, IDCi.COO 00 144. O'm Oli r)-2. 544 94 
 
 Cost of sewers and drains. . . ,S21,")()U()() S21. •")()() (10 
 
 I'.onds of Water Departimnt, . 2S;io00 00 IS.",. 111.") 7S 1(I0.;;()4 22 
 
 82,110,200 00 8.')(i."),C)7r. ;i'.t si,. '..')(), .')2:! (il 
 
 T..tal unfunded indelit.'dness S8!)5,81)G 17 
 
 Taxks ami Assi:ss.mi:.\ts rM'Ain ami Dric tiik Ciiv ami Cash in Bank. 
 
 Cash in liank, ireneral aeeonnt. ....... 8-">").()'.i7 l-"i 
 
 .\ni(nnit due and available for taxes. |S'.i4. .... 2li4,7'il (Ct 
 
 Taxes to lie collected from ( 'iininii>sioiHi> c]f .Xdjir-lincut. . . 2o,()0() (10 
 
 Itclicienev, .......... 70,447 li-'! 
 
 Sa!tr),8!t(i 17 
 \' All i: o|- ( 'ii ^- I'i;oi'ia; i\'. 
 
 riie followinii: statement will >\ui\\ llic a|i|ii'oxinia(e value of |)i-o|ierties lielontriuL' to the city 
 
 City Hall iiroperty S7'i.0(l(» (Ml 
 
 I'oiiee stations, 47.11(11) ()(» 
 
 Alinsliouse, ;!.->,0()() 00 
 
 Seliool-liouses, 4(i<S,0(l() 00 
 
 Knirine-liouses, .......... 7o,00() ()() 
 
 I'uhlie parks ISO.OOd 00 
 
 Water works 1 , .")(J(J, ()()( ) 00 
 
 82,oSO.OOO 00 
 
 llercwitli is shown an ahstract of the re|io|-t of tlie Commissioner of the Sinkiui; F\md fo|- the 
 fiscal year eiidiuL; I'^ehruary 2Stli. is'.i.") : 
 
 The amount of the fund at the date of last re]iort, .Nlareh 1st, 
 
 ISDl, was .?'i'.)2,.')(;2 SI 
 
 There liave heen received dnriiiLT the vear the :i|i|iro|iriations foi- 
 ls-,)! 4 1.77". II 
 
 From assessments on street improvements, .... •■!1.12l 1 I 
 
 From surjilus rents of the wat<'r works, ..... .'),000 00 
 
 Interest on securities of the fuiiil 20, i 14 7 00 
 
 S()94,70() ;]'.» 
 Redem|iti.in of hon.ls. 12i),030 00 
 
 Leavinir the ]ireseii( amount of the fund. ..... S")(J5,(;7(5 89 
 
 Of which there is invested in securities. ..... lO."), ■")()() 00 
 
 And there is cash in hank I(i0.17(i •".'•) 
 
 The chanires in the securities of the fuml sim-c the last annual report are the followiiiLr : 
 
 BoiKJs matured and canceled — 
 
 V<ilunteer Ixmds, Sl^oOOOO 
 
 Trenton Institute luinds 7,")00 (10 
 
 Delieieney heinds of 1S74, 80,000 00 
 
 Tenijiorary eortilicates redeemed hy City Treasurer, . , (i;),.")0() 00 
 
 §102,300 00 
 
TIIK CITY OF TKKXToN. 
 
 •>'.)\ 
 
 Bonds Itouglit fi>r imcstniriit — 
 
 Ti'iniiorary (/LTtilicatrs uf ISDl^ 
 
 Till' liiimls rrdiTiiii'il iunl caiici'lcil aiiMiiiiit tn 
 
 -Sli^li.oon (10 
 
 Tlir loans cliariiViiMc ii|»iii llir I'lnnl which will Ikcoiiic iliir witliiii the vcar |.ri..r In Maivh 
 st, is; 111. aic : 
 
 May 1st, I'^^ilo. Water loan of l.STo, 
 
 Januarv 1st, ISIJG. \'oluntet.T bonil installment, 
 
 . .Sl(;(),0(lll (10 
 1.3,0()() 00 
 
 $17.".,0()0 00 
 
 
oiiAi''i'i:u x.\.\i\' 
 
 I'.OOKS liKI.ATlXC 'I'o Till-: IIISToin' oF TltKNTi )X. 
 
 ( JiCNKi; Ai. 11 isi'(ii;ii:s — Si'i:ri\i. MdNui.i; Ani< — Tiii': Siii:\i'i:ir Sri iiii;s di' |)i:. Ciiaimi:- C 
 Ar.nnTT — Tmi: ri:i\Ti:ii Cii \i;ii:i;s ami I'"ii,'S'1- ( >imiin\mi-;s. 
 
 I'^dA I!I)IX( i llic liistiiry iif tills city, tliosr Imnks :i|i|ii rt.-iiiiiiiLj ilircctly therclo are 
 '" llistiiry "f till' I'rcsliytrriau Cliurcli in 'rrriitnii, N. .1., froiii llii- l'"irst Srttlciiii'ut 
 nf ill,- 'I'dwii."" liy .liiliii Ihill. l).l). (lS.")i)). Of the many cliuivli histories which 
 liavr hrc-ll printed thniUlihout the I'niteil States, this is uiie nf the hesl. .\eelll-n<V 
 ami seholarly treatment uf the snhjeet have left this himk cine of the nolilest iimmi- 
 iiieiits t" the life uf this ilisliiii;nislieil man. 
 
 ■■Histtiry uf tin- City nf 'rreiitoii. New .lersey. iMiihraeinw a Perioij i»f Xearlv 
 
 'Twii lliinilreil ^'eai's." hy -Inhn ( ). liauiii ( IS7I ). Mr. Haiinrs histcirv is the unlv 
 
 (iiie nf a ueiieial iiaturi' treatiiit; nf the city. The \\(irk is es|H'eially iiMt( w iii'lhv in 
 
 the enliipU'teliess (if its rei-nnU nf the ihlin'lies anil (if the lil'e (le| la rt li lent. 
 
 There is alsd a useful illustrated ■■Ilistnry nf iJurliiiiitnn and Mercer (■(iiintics." liy .Majdi' 
 
 ]■]. M. Wcidduard and .Idlin I'". llai;'eiiiaii. It was issiie(l al I'hiladeliihia liy l']verts iV I'eck. in 
 
 IS.s;!. fi-diii the press nf .1. !'.. Lippincdll iV ('(imp.-iny. The liistmy nf Treiitdii is jiracticallv 
 
 eliiliraced in that portidii nf the liddk frnni pai;c (Hi I t(i pa,i;'e "-"ili, inclusive. 
 
 '{"lie atteiitidii df the student (if Ideal histurv is especially called Id the '■Jlistdry df St.ite 
 Street .Methddist l'",pise(i]ial Church." a pamplilet (if t;reat value, issued .Iniie lltli. Is'^i'i, hy ^ 
 cdiiimiltee cdiisistint: df the l!ev. .1. I,. Sd(iy. (leii. .lames l'\ iiusliiiL;. (Icni-uc \\ . M.icpliersdii and 
 Ir.i W. W'ddd, l*]s(|uires. 'i'lie "llistdi'vof the 'i'reiitdii .\eadeniy.'' hy the lion. William 1,. |);iy- 
 tdu. is df milch interest. This was issueil in INSl. " The ( ieiiealdiiy df Ivirly Settlers in Trentnii 
 and l-",winir," 'i'reiitdii. William S. Sharp I'rintinu' Cdiiipany. iss;',, the uriniiial notes heiui;- cul- 
 leeled hy the ItiA. l»d(i(ir MM F. Cddley. alithdr df the article dU .Mercer cdunty in Uarher (.^- ll(iwe"s 
 •■Historical Cdlleetions," |S||. These IKites were later edited hy I'rof. William S. C'doley. df 
 I'liiladcljihia. and .Miss Ilaiinah Codley. of lOwiiii:. X. .1. 'i'liree df .Vdjiilaiit-deiieral William S. 
 Stryker's alile mdiidi;raplis deal directly with Treiitdii. "The Old liarraeks'' (ISSf)) ; '' W'a.sjiino;- 
 tdli's lleceptidU hy the People of Xew .lersey ill 17^'.!'' (1>>N2). and ■■Treiiloii One lliindi-cd ^■l■a|•s 
 a.L'o" ( l>^7>i I. 
 
 The histiiries df the Treiitdii IJaiikiiii.' (■diiipanyand the Sa\ini; I'luid .'^dciety ha\c alsd hecu 
 jirinted. Other refereiiee-honks are the puhlicatidlis df the Hoard of Trade, the .short sketches of 
 the town in encyclo|ia'(lias. such as the '' riritaniiiea." .loliuson's and .\ppletoiVs '' Lossinu's I'ield- 
 IliHik of the .\nierieaii iicxdlutiou." and like sources of information. In the '"Xew Jersey 
 .\rcliives." the '' i'roceedinus of the Xew .lersey Historical Society," the ■■ Peniisylvania Maga- 
 zine," printed liy the Historical Society of that State, and the i;ciieral hisldries df the State df Xew 
 Jersey, such as Smith. .Mulfdi-(1, I'.arlicr t\.- IldWe. liauni. iVe., may he fduud. under prdper indico.'!, 
 many alhisidus td the city (if Treiitou. Tlie pamphlets puhlished hy the Hon. Charles C. Haven 
 relative to Trenton are of the liiuhest value. The one liest known is "Thirty i)aysiii Xew Jersey 
 Xinety \"ears .\i;-d." which is usually printed with the ".\iiiials df Trentdu." The piiems of 
 " Cleiiieiiliue " contain allusions to patriotic incidents in this citv. 
 
'I'lIK CITY OK TltKXTOX. 
 
 2!);! 
 
 Di:. A ni'.iii'i's I'xHiKs. 
 
 Altlmii^li iKii |Hililisli(il ill ■|"iciitiiii, ilic wurks u\' Dr. Cliarli's ('. Alilmit llin,\v miicli li^lii 
 il|"iii the |i:ilc'>iit(>lii-\ . .nvli.i'.ilo-y, |luj;i ;iimI faiiii:i cf 'ririil.iii ami its vic-iiiilw 'I'lic lnllii\viiii.r 
 
 titli,- 111' liis 1 ks >li(i\\ llic clalinialr si(i|ii- nl' his \\(iik. ( 'liaiiiiiiii:! v wrillcii. witli passiiiir allii- 
 
 siniis to cnliiiiial ami lux oliil imiaiy liislnry, I >i-. Alilmtt's vuliiims iiavc L;i\i'ii the aiillim- ami 
 Tri-iitiiii an iiiliiiialiniial ri|iiilali(iii. ilrsiilc nearly mir luniiliiil niicullcrd-il articlrs uf a strid I v 
 trrliniral rliararlcr. |HiMisli(il in Aimaiian ami j'aiulisli scicntilic srrials. lie has |iulilishril as 
 sejiarati- \ nhniiis : 
 
 ••'riic Sldiic Auc in Xcw .Icrscy.'' in animal iT|iiirt nf Sniilhsniiian Institutinn. W'ashinirtoii, 
 D. ('.. 1^7"i: •■ I'liniilivc Imlu-lry, .>r I lliisliati..iis n\' the I lamliw uik in Siduc, Imhic ami Clay of 
 the Xati\r Haccs iif llic ,Xi i|-|liiTn Atlanlir Scal>ii:i|-il nf Aim'i'ica," Sali-iii. Mass., (iiMU-Lii A. Hates 
 ISM ; "A Nalnralist's Uanilili- .Mmut llniiir." Xi\\ ^'mk, 1 >. Aiiplitmi A" ('iini|.aiiv. 1. ;'. and "i 
 IJiiliil stri'i't, ISSI; " I'lilanil ami .Mcailnw, a l'nai|i|iiissiiii;'s Cliiuniclr," Xi-w \n[k. jlai|i(i- A- 
 1 '.nil I MI'S, k'lanklin Si|iiai-c. issc,; ■■ Wast,-|,aiii| Wamh rin,;i:s," Xi'W \i<\k. llar|Mr A- I'.iullii-rs, 
 I'ranklin Sipiarc ; .Ldniloii. '-'A) IHcct stifit. INST; --naysilnl of liiKirs." .Xcw y>n-k. 1). ,\|i|ilctiin 
 A- Ciiiiiiiany. ISS',); "Onlin^zs a1 OiM 'riims." New ^'(ll■k, I ). .\|ijilrliin A ( ■(uniianw IS'.llI: 
 ■■Htcrnl .Vrchanliiuical l*'\|iliiratiuiis in ilir \'allcy of the I »rla\vai-c," I'niv ( rsil v nf l'ciiiis\lvaiiia 
 ,\.lTlia'(il"L:ii-;il ;inil I'hiloluLiiial .Mi niuLii-a |ihs. (nnii A ('i)in|ian\-, llnshni. .\fass., IS'.l-J; ■'Krccnt 
 
 liaiiililcs. nr In 'I'miih with Xatiiic." riiilaili'l|iliia. .1. I!. Li]i|iiiiriitt A (' |ian\-. IS'.ll' : ■•Travels 
 
 ilia 'riTt-Tiiii," I'liila(lrl|iliia, .1. I'.. Lipiiimntt A ('iini|iany, 7l'i. 717 .Market street. 1S'.I4 : ■■The 
 Jlinls Ahiiiit I's." I'liilailelphia, .1. I'.. I,i|i|iimntt A ( 'iiin|iaiiy, 71"). 717 .Market strei't, l.S'.M ; ■■A 
 Cdldiiial Wiiiiiiiu," I'liilailelphia, .1. I'.. I.ippimntt A Ciiiiipany, 71-'>, 717 .Market street, IS'.I.'). 
 
 Tin: l'i:i\ ricii ('ir.\i;'ri:i!s .\.\n l'"ii;s|- ( )i:ni.\.\.\riv;<. 
 
 lieiiarilinu' (he eity charters ami e:iily iiiilinanees. it iii.iy he saiil that mi Xii\ (inhia- l.'itli. 17'.i^_', 
 there was ]iasseil ".Vli aet tn imuipi irate a part uf the lnwiisliip nf Treiitnn, in the euinitx' nf llini- 
 terilon."' 'I'lie eharter, acts ami ordinaiiees later in furce were piinted liy Sliernian. .Mirshiui A 
 Thiinias, ]irinters tn the eity, 17'-l'.l, hy nrder nf Ciiinimiii Cuniieil. In ls| |, the acts ,-11111 nrdi- 
 naiices of the city nf Trenton, tn wllieh wire piefLXed the aets nf the l,et;islalni'i' nf Iheeitw were 
 pulilislied liy order nf ( 'oinninii ( 'niineil. ()ii .March 7tli, 1S.".7. there was passed •■.\iiact tn iiicor- 
 jiorate the city of Trenton," lepealiiiL: the aet of 17'-'l'. This charier and tin- nrdinances of Cniiinion 
 Cnuni'il ami iicts of the Lcn'islature relati\'c to the city were revised hy.Ianics JMvin.L;'. ICsipiirc 'I'hev 
 Were printed hy I'liillipsA Hoswell, Trenton, ISf^j. In 1,S47, the nrdinances of Coninion Cnnncil, 
 paused since JSlii, and the acts nf the LeL:islatiire relative tn the city, ]iassed sime 1S|(). were 
 printeil liy riiillips A' lioswcll. In IS-^ii. I'hillipsA l!os\vcll piilili^hed the nrdinances nf Cnnininn 
 Cnliiicil, passed since ^hly ■Jotli. 1^17, and the acts nf the l.cLiislatiirc relali\e In the city snliseipient 
 tn the same jicrind. March l-'illi. ISCri. ■'An act tn rc\is|. and ainend the charier ni the city of 
 Trenton" repealed the charter of l.S:!7. This later charter was printed hv the •'True .Vineriean" 
 in ISCC. 
 
 Ihi March I'.llh, |S71, the present city charter, inider the IcLiislati ve title ■■.Vii a<-t to provide 
 for the more ellicieiit ,t;nvcriimeiit nf the city nf Trciitmi," was passed. In |s7o, this cjiarler and 
 tlie supplements therein and the ordinances then in forci' were ordered printed hy Coninioii Coiineil, 
 r]inii the lirst nf .lanuary. IS'^'.I. the linn, (iairet |). W. N'rnnm and e.\-.lmli;c William M. l.annin;: 
 ]irepared a well-edited volunie under direction of ( 'ominnii ( 'nnncil. It contains, heside valuahle 
 lii.storie;d matter, the charter of l.'^7l and its supplements, the revised and consoli<lated "Ordinance 
 concernin;f the t^eneral niiniicipal olliceis of the eily of Trenton'' (Oelolier lllth, IS.S.S), .special 
 ordinaiiees, huvs and onlinaiiccs relatiiiL: to water wnrks, laws and nnliiiaiiees relating; tn selmuls, 
 the ordinanee estaMishinj; the local IJoard of Health, the sanitary code and the acts and ordin.-mces 
 relating: to the excise deiiartineiit. Since ISSi), the ordinaiiees of the city have not heeii enmpilecl 
 ill hook form. 
 
CIIAl'l'KU XXXV 
 
 INlKoltli TIoN TO CKNKIIAL l;l(>( ;|!.\ I'll I KS. 
 
 iSiiiiKi- Skktchks III' I'liK .Mi:n wim h.wk i;kkn I'i;u.mim;.\ii,v I iii;.\iiiikii uiiii rin.; I'iimmiokiiai, 
 
 AMI ScHiAi. (ii.'dwni AMI l'i:ci(;i!i:ss uy Tuv.STifs. 
 
 ^f V A 'ri!A\' I'll.l';!!, staiiiliiiir ii|"in a un-it hriulit. uxi'i'lciiik,-. tlic^ cfiilnil xallry nl' the 
 
 1 )cla\varr and sees a iircat city |uilsatiiiu- witli activity, his iirst sensiitidii wimld he 
 
 tiiat of ]inif<mn(l wnnclcf — aiiiazcil that IVinii su hmiihh' a liciriniiiii^' Tiviitoii slioulil 
 
 ' SJ have ":i'"\vii sii urcat ami iiiuilriit. ^'(■t, all tliis iiiarvcldiis (Icvclniiiiu'iit is nut hv 
 
 j\c,>— -c-.ji chance; im race nf "iants, in a sinulc ni:;ht, ci'catcil sci iilcasinu' a iirnsiicct. This 
 
 *■■-'' .v ■■■■iitfali/.atiiiii cif ctt'nrt — nur nuniiciiiality — a ca|iital of cciiiKiiuic ami sucia] as \\-cIl 
 
 ^ as (if ]iulitical crcatidn. is the snlc rcsnlt of imlividiial liToi't. Kach citizen, however 
 
 t lnnnhle oi- howevi'r [ironnnent, has a share in this U|iliui]iliiii; |irocess. Without 
 
 the individual the city i iniM not liavi> existed. 
 
 With ]i.'vrticldarity. we ha\i' discussed the det.ails of the vast sti'Ueture of the 
 iHuniei|ialit V ; let ns now consider the .architects and those who have Imih this fair edifice. Here, 
 tlien, are alitohiojiraphical nieiitioninirs of niiai of Trenton. Here are the records of the individual, 
 his education and its results, the story of the fullillnient of aims and aniliitions. .Mayha]). there 
 are allusions t<i the st<iek whence he came, so that the student of the science of man can trace in 
 the story of suece.sses of individuals the elianents of prenatal iulluenee and environnu'nt. Most 
 littintrly this story of tlic concrete eom|iletes the i-eeord of the ahstract. and gives the touch of 
 human nattu'e to those material, yet inanimate, evidences of Trenton's |iroirreP?. 
 
 l'",MoliV N. ^'ai;ii. present Maym- of Trenton, is a native of this cily. Iii~ father, .losepli li. 
 ^'ard. hnilt IIh lii-t I w i . Kriek houses el-eeted on Ten V street east of MontL;omel'\' street, and it was 
 
 in one of these that Mayor ^'al'd was Imrn on .May 
 ISlh, 1S17. lie was educated at the puhlic schools 
 and ,at the Trenton .\c.ideiii\-. I.eavini: school at the 
 aui' of se\'cnteen, he Went to Weiivci-. Coloi-ado, where 
 he was fo|- two years connected with the tohai-co lirm 
 of H. .1. jlrendlinticr i^- Company. Thi' ue.xt threi? 
 years of Ml'. ^'ard"s life were spent on the plains, 
 lietween 'j'cxas and California, drixiuLT cattli' for 
 Wolfskil iV .Maclleary, a California hrm of di'overs. 
 M:i\oi' ^'arll traveled that wild country nine times in 
 the saddle, necessarily sulfcriuL;' mmii prixatioii and 
 hardship. Tii'ini;' of fi'ontiei' life, lie returned to Tren- 
 ton, hut after a shoi't stay returned \\'e>t. lie lueated 
 in Cliicai;o. and sceiu'ed a |iosition with the Chicago 
 Lumliering Company. I'"or two years he was in the 
 lumher region of northwestern Michigan. Since then 
 he has resided continuously in Trenton, and has heen 
 active in its eoniniereial and political life. In politics, 
 .. ,. Mr. Yard has always boon a stiiuuch Reiiuliliiau. He 
 
THE CITY OF TRENTON. 
 
 20' 
 
 liap scrvfil Mil thr City Kxrcutivr Cnniniitti'r miil nlsd mi tlir Mrrm- ('(uinty Exccutivr Ciiiiiiiiittcc. 
 Ho was fivf years on the city iicilice torrc ami al'ttTwanl liavrlrd fur the New Jersfv Pottcrv Conipaiiv. 
 In ISSl. lie was a])])()into(l Dcjmty M'anlen of ^iFi'ivcr coniity, mtvIiil' in tliis fa]iaritv three vears. 
 
 He then lieranie assoeiateil with his lalher in tlie inaniil'aeture of ii railiiitis niitil April 11th. 
 
 1SS'.), uhrii he was a]iiiointeil Deputy I 'niled States Marshal hy lion. W. IJudil Deacon. In ISIK!. 
 Mr. \av'\ \\a< re-apjiointed hy the ]iivseiil I tciin i.ratie Marslial, Hon. (leoru'e i'tVilTer. .Ir. hi IS'.)."), 
 Mr. Yard was iioniinated as the Kepiihlicin .Mayoralty camliilate, and was elected hv thi' hand-oinc 
 majority of two thousand two hundred and lifty-fijur \-ole<. His wide and xarii'd i'.\|jcrieiiee 
 eminently fits liim foi- the n^ponsihle |io.-itioii, .ind the cili/.eii> nf Ticnton are to !»■ congratulated 
 that their uiiiiiicipal allaii> are diieelid hy such an ahh'. conservative and reliahie man. Mr. \:\v>l 
 was a niemher of the Common Council of the horoiii;h of ( haiiihcr-hur'.: foi- two vears, havini: a seat 
 in that hody when the l)orou,i;h was annexed to the eity of Trenton. .\t the next election he was 
 elected to represent his ward (Ninth) in the <ity Common ('oinicil, and M'lxecl fdi- three years, 
 declining a re-election. On account of his pr.-ictical experinice in Ihi' police de])artiuent, he was 
 given the Chairnianshii) of the Police Committee of tlu' Council. This committee caused the new 
 I'olii-e Station to he huilt, thus removing the depailnii'ut from the Cily Hall: thev also succee<|rd 
 in having the poli<'e ilepartuient taken out of pdlities. .Mi-. Yard was mari-ied Decendier jstji. 
 l.S7'2, to Rehecca .\.. ilaugliter of ( )tis ( hi ll in, of this eity. They have had thive daughters, all of 
 whom are living — .Mary E.. wife of Frederick I!. Piles; lOlvmita \l. and .Mahel ,\. 
 
 ^\'ll.I.I.\M S. Y.VKii was horn in Tn-nton, Novemhcr I'd, is-j:;. He was sent to the comnion 
 schools of the city until he was fourteen years of age. wlcii he entered the groeerv stori' of j'^aii 
 Evans. After serving as v\vvk in this store- for three years he hecanie apprenticed to the hlack- 
 smithing trade, and served four years. For twelve vears he car- 
 ried on the blaeksmithing, eafriage-niaking and iron-railing ^ "' 
 htisiness in connection with his hrother, .loseph P. '^'ard, who is 
 now the sole jiropi-ictor of the husiness. In 1S,")7 he w.is elected 
 Superintendent of the Puhlic Schools of the eitv, and served as 
 Trustee and Sii]ierintendent for se\enteen yeai-s. He was eli'ctcd 
 to the lower hranch of the State Legislature in 1S(;() on |li,' 
 Hemociatic ticket, from the Second distriit. lie was .iL;ain a 
 meliiher of the Legislature ill 1.^77. In ISHo he was made .liidge 
 of the Court of Coninion Pleas of .Mciccr Coinilv. and lielil the 
 l)osition live years. He was again appointed .liidge liv Co\criior 
 jreClellan in 1S7S, and has heeii continued in that po>itioii until 
 the present. -lud.sre Yard has Ipccii ac(i\-e in many iiioxc- 
 nient that looked to the advancement of his native city. His 
 name is promiinaitly conuccti'd with m.any hiaievoleiit aii<l 
 charitahle institutions which lia\e heeii started here within the last 
 forty years. He was one of the incorpor.itors of the i;ivei'\iew 
 Ccineferv Association, and is the only sur\i\dr. lie was also one 
 
 of the ineor|iorators of the Ocean Peach .\ssociation. and has held the ollicc of President since 
 1872. He is a charter mcmher of the Trenton Pattle .Monument .\ssociation, charter dated Mav 
 7th, 1S,S4, and also a nieinher of .Mia'ccr iio>pital .\ssociatioii. When a voting man lie joined the 
 (ireene Street Methodist Episeo]ial Church of Trenton. .\t that time it was the only .Methoilist 
 ehiu'ch in the city. He soon connected himself with the Sunday-school, anil has continued his 
 connection as teacher, Treasurer, Superintcndcnl and Snperinteiident of Pihle class departmenl to 
 the present time. He was appointed class Icailer in IS|7, and is still continued in that olliee. He 
 has also heeii one of the Trii-tees of Pennington Seminary for over twenty yiars. (In March 
 27th, 1S4."), he married Mary .M.. daui:liler of Samuel Hamilton, of Lancaster. Pa. They have live 
 eliililren — .Mary E., Caroline .\'.. W'illi.im II. , .lane !•". and (leoige P. .Itidge^'ard resides at No. 
 P]2 l'"ast I laiiover street, where he has lived foi- many years. He is very much iiiteresleil in the 
 early histoi-y of Trenton, and has done mueh to preserve the rccorils of its settlement and 
 devolopnient. 
 
 Willi \m s ^' mju. 
 
2!t0 
 
 THE CITY OF TItKXTON. 
 
 (lKi)ii(;K T. Ckanmkk was Korn at l>anii't;at, Ocraii cnuiily. New Jersey, Deceiiilier (illi, 1.S4S, 
 ami is (lie son of Cajitain (ieort'e ami Cliailotte S. (Collins) Cranmer. His raiiiily is of KriL;lisli 
 oi-itrin ami settled at Little EiTfr Jlarlior in the early )iart of the year 1700. Cajitain Crainiier ilyiiiL; 
 at the aL'e of twentv-six. the res|ionsihility of (ieorjje T. Craniiier's trainimj; fell to his nnither, who 
 
 (levoteil all her elTorts toward seeurinir foi- liini the ad\anlai;'es of a li 1 I'diieatioii. After availintr 
 
 himself of the facilities alToi'ded in his native villa.t;-e, he I'ntered Penniniiton Seminary in his four- 
 teenth vear an<l remained there until his sixteenth. lie then entereil thr eoinitini;-roiim of a lame 
 uieirautile estalilishnient at Eatont<i\vn, New -lersey. wlieie he remained aliout livi' years. He residi'd 
 in Trenton from 1.S71 to l.S7(>, and then n.'turned to his native villa.ij,i'. In 1.S7.S ,Mr. Cranmer was the 
 l!e|iuMi<'an candidate for nuMuher of Assenihly from Ocean county, hut was defeated hy cx-Cnited 
 States Senator Kufus lUodirctt. In Sept em her. 1N7'-I. he was a]i|Miinted hy I'l'esident 1 laye-, Colli 'ct or 
 of Cu.stoms for the District of Little 1vl;<;' Ilarhor. which oilice he rcsiuiied .luly 1st. ISM). In 1.S.S2 he 
 was elected a meml)cr of the .\sscmhly. He was. in iss;',. unanimousl\- nonunated for Senator, and 
 afti'r an excitin.ij; contest, was elected. He was i-c-elc'di'd Senator in ISSC, and a.uain in ISSO. 
 Senator Cranmer was prominent in the jiroceedinus of the Cpper House, scrvinj.' upon tlie most im- 
 portant committees of that hody. For four ycai's he was Chairman of the Senate Kepuhlican 
 caucus and of the joint Itcpuliliean cau<-ns. In the session of ISX'.I, he was nnaniniously iiomi- 
 nateil hv till' Ucpuhlican caucus for I'le^ident of the Scnati'. His term expired in .lanuaiT, IS'.).",, 
 after a continuous service of one year in the House of .\ssemlily an<l nine yeai's in the Situate. He 
 was an .MtciMiate 1 )cleuate-at-Lar,i;e to the National iiepuMicau Convention at ( liicaLTo in INSS. ami 
 also to the .MinneaiHilis C<iuvention in ISDii. Ha\inu a taste for military alTairs, he liecame a mem- 
 her of Companv .\, Seventh Ue^imenf, X. (1. X. .1.. at Ti'cnton. March !7th, lS7o, and on Aui^nst 
 Dth. 1S7'"), was appointed (^uai-lei-masler of tln' i'ei;'iment, whieh pn-i(iou he <till hoMs. He has 
 hcen a prouiiiu lit meiidier of the ( )i-der of the Kniiihts of i'yllii.i<. and sci'veil ;is < li'aud Chancellor 
 of the State for the year endinu in I'diruary, IS'.).'). He was appointed Clerk of the Cnited States 
 District Court in Jaiuiarv, IS'.).",, to succeed Liusly l!owe, Ilsiiuire. n'sii;iied. He was niari'ie<l 
 ApriMlth, IS'.I.",. to Taeie Mai--ai-et Conrad, dan-liter of Wilkinson (i. and Maiilia C. Conrad, of 
 Barnc'iat, Xew Jersev. 
 
 W'li.i.iwi S. S-ri;'iKi:i;, New .lersev's historian of tin' .\meiiiaii Ivcvolution, was horn in Trenton. 
 June (ith, ls:;s. His earlv eilneation was ohtained at the Trenton .\cademy. The Sti-yker I'anuly 
 
 left llollaiiil ill 1C).")2. and settled in New .\iii>terdaiii. where, in 
 the eojiiuial alTaii> of earh' New ^'olk. IIm- name hccanie ]'l'"ini- 
 ueiit. < ieiieral Stryker uradiiateil from the ( 'oIIclic of Xew .lersey 
 in the Class of 'oS. He immediately coiiimeiu-ed the stLidy of 
 law. eiiterinf;' the olliee of the late ISarkcr Cuinmcre, at Trenton. 
 In response to the lirst call for troops. William S, Stryker enlisted 
 as a |irivate. .\pril Kith. IMJI. \\r assisteil in oii^-.iniziiiL;' the 
 I'^oiirteeiith Ucuiuicnt. .New .Jersey \'olunteers. In l-"chruary, 
 isr,;',. he was ordered to llilloii Head. South Carolina, and made 
 Majiu- and .\ide-di-Caiiip to .Major-i leinral <iilliiiore. then in 
 coiiimaml of the Tenth .\riiiy Corps. He ]iarticipated in tlu' 
 laptnrc of Morris Island and tlie hjooily uiuht attack on Fort 
 Wauner. Snhseiineiitly he was tr.uisferreil to the North, on ac- 
 count of illness, and plai-eil in charire of the )iay deiiartinent, 
 riiilid Stales arinv. at I'aiole Camp. Colmuhus. Ohio. In 
 ISHC ( leiieial Stryker w:is made eoniiselor-at-law of the State of 
 ()hio. He was liiexclled Lieutenant-Colonel for meritorious ser- 
 vii'cs duriuL!- the war, and resiiiued in .lune. ISIK!. Soon there- 
 after he returned to New .lersey and was [ilaced on the military stall' of the (eiveriior. Since .\pril 
 LJth, IS(;7, hc' has Keen Adjutant-( lenenil of New .lersey. In Fchrnary, 1S71, he was hrevetted 
 Major-Ceiiend hy the State of Xew Jersey. I n the linaucial life of Trenton (ieiieral Stryker has 
 acted as I'resident of the Savint; Fund Society, and of the Tri'iiton liankini:- Company. To him 
 Xew Jersey is iiidehted for some of the most com]irehensive monojrraphs which have yet heen issuetl 
 in this country. From information drawn from his lihrarv, rich in Americana and from the State 
 
 W I I l.l \M S .StH\ Kl- It 
 
Hun. (ii:iiiEiiK T. Ci:.\n \i i:ii. 
 
THE CTTY OF TRENTON. 
 
 297 
 
 arcliivcs, (icncral Sti-ykri- has (•(iniiiilrd a " l!ci.'ist<T <>f Ollirn-s and Men i)f New Jrrsrv in tlio 
 lii/vdlution " (Tivnton, 1S72), the initial wurk (if its i<inil in Anicriia, and a ■■lin-m-d cil' Olliccrs 
 and Mm of New Jersey in the Civil War" ( ISTd), as well as the fulldwin!; histurieid stndies : -'The 
 lii'ad Cimtroversy," "Trentdn ( >ne lltnidred Years Aiio,'' ■•New .lersi'V ( 'unlineiital Line in the 
 N'irjiinia Cani]iai<,ni of IT^Sl," "The I'rinicton Sur|ii'ise," " Washiniitun's i;eee|ition hv the I'eopie 
 of New Jersey in IT^'^lt." " Tlie Cajitm-eof the llloek House at 'I'onis i;i\-er. New .liisev," •• New- 
 Jersey Continental Line in the Indian Cani|iaimi of 177'.t,"' -'Old I'.arrai'ks at 'i'l'iailoii. New Jersev," 
 "The New Jersey \'olunteers — I.oyalists." (Iiaii'ial Strykei- has now in tin' |irr-- a n.iialile wurk, 
 dealing with the Ijattle of Trenton, which will he the most eoin|ilele work of its kiml in this eoinitrw 
 
 Joiix Tayi.ok was liorn in Hamilton S(|nare. New Jersey, on ( )etoher tUh, is;'.ii. His father 
 died when ^Ir. Taylor was fourteen years old, leaving;- only a lei;ai'y of strnt;-ule foi' the family. 
 Intil he was seventeen Mr. Taylor reniain<Ml in a hriekvai'il, when he seeui'ed a position as 
 clerk in a retail grocery. Two years later he was given an intei-est in the husiiiess. Mr. Tavlor 
 continued this connection for a year, when he associated him-eif w iih Mr. .Linns lionan in the 
 i-etail grocci'y husiness. This |iartncrshi|) lasted tw(j vears, when Mi-. Ta\loi' |iurcliased .Mi-. 
 lionan's interest. Tn ISCO he allied himself witli the lanl». I'. 
 l'"orst. The firm continued jirosperously until 1S7l'. when .Mi'. 
 Taylor sold out to engage in the ])ork-|iaeking and cattle husiness 
 on an extensive si'ale. This he condneti'd with varying sueee,-s 
 for fifteen years. He is now at tie.' head of the Taylor l'r(j\-isioM 
 Coni|iany. In all ]iuh]ic eiitcrjirises lie has hecn a leading factor. 
 Associated with li. P. Forst and Ferdinand W. llochling he huill 
 the City Market. hi ]S(i(i ;Mr. Taylor organized the Tienton 
 Hall an<l Building Assoi'iation, for the erection of an o]icradioUse 
 and assenihly-roonis. Mr. Taylor has ever since hecn I'i'esident 
 of the association. He orgaiuzcd, on tlie stage of the theater, 
 'i'renton's Board of Trade, and was elccti'd its lirst \'ice I'resident. 
 Conijiany A, Seventh Regiment, National (liiai-d of New .lerscy. 
 also owes its existence to his efforts. In.lmie, isss, a mi'eting 
 of w<'ll-known hnsiness men was called hy .Mi'. Taylor at the 
 Statt' Street House, ami he laid hefoi'c them :\ |iro|iosition to 
 organize an inter-state fair association. Within t\\o wei'ks after- 
 ward a capital of ?.'>( I. ( l( )( ) was snhscrihcd for the ohjrei. Mr. 
 'i'aylor, as a Reinililican, has served several terms in the City Council, wdiere for three years lie was 
 Chairman of the Finance Committee. After a yeai- of o|i|)osition lie secureil the' removal of the 
 market from the center of llroad street. He was cleeteil to the State Senate from Mercer county in 
 ].S!SO, served thi'ee vears and declined a rcnomination. In ISS.". he was urged hy his party leaders 
 to hecome a lamlidate for (loN'ei'uor. hut on the eve of the gulierii.'itoiaal nominating convention he 
 concluded not to allow liis name to come hcl'ore the eomi'iition. though sn|i|ioiti'd hy the .Mercer 
 county delegation. Witliout any agcni'y of his own, .Mr. Taylor was made the Chairman of the con- 
 vention. At the State He])uhlican Convention in ISSl, to form an electoral ticket in the Illaine cam- 
 paign, Mr. Taylor was honored hy heing made a Senatorial i'llcctor, oi- l'",lector-at-Largc. He is one 
 of the mcnihers of the Trenton I'.attle Monument Associatior.. .\t one time he had the controlling 
 interest in the Fnion Pottery Coni]iany, and was a Director of the I'irst National P>ank and of tlie 
 People's I'^lectric Light Company. In L^dll he married Catherine Powley, of Trenton. New .lerscy. 
 He has two sons, ILirry C. and William 'l\, hoth of whom arc associated with him in husiness. 
 Harry C. Taylor is also tlie .Manager of Taylor ()])era House. 
 
 UN 'I'ayi.ok. 
 
 TiioM.\s S. Cir wii'.Kiis was horn in Lawrence township in \X'y2. He is the youngest son of 
 John S. Chamhers ami iMuma Maria Fish. His paternal ancestors were Scotch-Irish, liaviiig come 
 from till' county of .\ntrim. and settled in Trenton in the year 17-!'.'. His malcriial ancestors 
 were of English origin, of the county of Kent. in the year 1(;:!7 they landed at Lynn, Massacliu- 
 
 setts. Thence, in lf'>:'.'.l. they re ved to Newtown, Long IslaiKL where they were proniinenl in its 
 
 settlement. Tliev thin emigratol to New Jersey, where they purchased lanri in Trenton township. 
 
298 
 
 THE (ITV OF TRENTON. 
 
 now Ewiiifi tn\vnslii|i, in 17-10. Coloiu'l CIkuiiIk'I-s was cilncated at the Trt-nton Academy, 
 uikUt Mr. (li'orgc S. (Iroswimr. Ipuu Icaviiiir that institution he cntcnMl the (•ni])loy of the 
 
 Trrnton (ins r.iulit ('iini|ianv. in .laniiarv. 1^70. lie is 
 to-day Secretary of tlie conijiany. He is a Itepuhlican, 
 and has always hccn ]ironiinent in party cleliherations. 
 ^^I^M^^. ileisa nieinlicr of tlie ^[ercer County l!(|iuhlican K\- 
 
 ^^HBj^^B^ ri'utive Coiniinttec, and lias for several years Idled the 
 
 wf \ position of Secretary. Tie was one of the orfranizers of 
 
 -^' ' llie llipulilii an ( 'lull. and. suceeediiiLr ( 'oloin-l Skiriu as 
 
 it- President, held that ollicc for three years. In the 
 \car ISSi) he was elected a nielnher of the Leilislature. 
 and touk an active pail in its session. In l.^S2 he was 
 appointed liv Mayoi- \'rooin a inend>er of the City 
 i'liiaid of 1 Icnlth. anil li:i- lieeli several times re-ap])ointed 
 upon tic expiration of his term. lie is now tlie senior 
 uiimlier of the hoard. Ilavini;- a taste for military 
 alTairs. he cidisted in Company .\. Seventh I'euimcnt, 
 National Cuaril. March ITlh. 1 >^7-">. and >er\cd as a 
 private until .March ■J>tli, I^7>^. when he was elcetc(l 
 Second Lieutenant. On I'ehiunry IStli. l.^Sf). (ieneral 
 Scwcll appoinleil him an .\ide-dc-Camp on his start', 
 with tlic rank of Captain, and on .lune •"inth. ISSl. 
 pruiiioleil him to Lieutenant-Colonel and .^s^istant 
 .\djntaut-( ieneral of the Second liriiiade, which posi- 
 tion he now holds. Colonel Chamhcrs is one of the Directors of tlic Trenton IJankinir t'om- 
 pany, wdicre his husiness experience has hccn of much value to that reliahle institution. He is a 
 mcndicr of the Trenton I'.attle Monument .Vssoeiatioii, ha\im; scrvecl mi the I'.uildiui.' Coiimiittee. 
 He was Chairman of the Committee of .Vrran.neuu'uts on the layin.ti- of the corner-stone, and also 
 was a nicniiier of the Hedication Committee. He was one of ihe comnuttee to secure ajijiropria- 
 tiipiis from the oriLiinal thirteen States, and as such secured linancial aid from the Lciiislatures of 
 Connecticut and I'emisylvania. He has iiccn Treasmia- of the l"'irst I'rcshytcrian Church for the 
 past ten years, a position which his jireat-iireat-ijrandfatlier Chamhers lield for a ])erio(l df thirty years. 
 
 Thomas s. C'h\mi!K1es. 
 
 Be5.i.\MIN' Fish, who died -Itmc 2"2d. T^^!". was for many vcars one of Treuton"s most noted 
 citi/ens. Stroni; morally and ]ihysically, there arc few li\cs ahoiit whi<-h more of local reininis- 
 eenee clinjis or which were lonu'cr or more closely idcutilicd with the history ami prosperity of 
 Trenton. His paternal ancestor came from lui.uland and settled at Lynn. Massachusetts, in 1(>.">7. 
 The Fish family are helieved to he a hrauch of the old Saxon family of Fiscli, Tlic ufandfather of 
 our suhject, who also horc the name IScnjamin, settled in Ti-eutou town-hip (now Ewing), New 
 .ha'sey, ahout 174-"). ISenjamin Fish, the suhject of this sketch, was horn N'ovendier l.")th, 1785, in 
 I'.wintr townshi]). ahout live miles from tlie city of Ticiitou. His education was olitained at the 
 district school in that ncitihhorliood. He came to Tfeiiton in ISOS, when the city contained only 
 thirteen Inmilred inliahitants. I'or a time In- was enua^ed in the hotel and livery stahlc husiness. 
 ,\t the eomineiieenient of the War of 1S12 he estahlished a line of vessels hetween Bloonislun-y 
 (mow Soutli Trenton) and I'hiladelphia. These were desiLTued for the trans|iortation of general 
 inercliandise for tin- iiul>lic. When the British held iiossession of Sandy Hook, therehy l)loekadin.iz 
 the entrance to New York liarhor, ■Sir. Fish reiidereil most valuahle assistance to the I'niteil States 
 (lovcrnincnt in transportinir coinmissarv and ordnance stores hy the New .h'rsey overland route. 
 He emjiloyed forty hu<;'e Concstoga wagons, each drawn liy four horses, in conveying heavy cannon 
 and other material from his hoat-landing to New Brunsw ick. where they were again loaded on hoats 
 anil slii|)pcd via the Karitan and Hudson rivers to the rnited States troops in northern New York. 
 At the close of the war he l)ceame interested with the late (ieorge S. Crecu in the hmiher husiness, 
 eontintiing this interc'st until three years hefore his death. In l-'^'io .Mr. I'ish hecame ])artnerand 
 one of the managers of the I'liion Line Stagi' and Steamhoat Company, the other ])artners being 
 •John. Uohert L. and Edwin .V. Stevens. This line carried all the mail, ]iassengcrs and merchail- 
 
iiKNJA.M tS h'ly^M 
 
THE CITY (^F TRKXTOX. 
 
 ■29!) 
 
 disc tliat uri-i' traiis|i(.rtc(l l>i't\v<'cii l'liila(lcl|iliia aii.l Xcu \nvk until tlir Cniiiilcii and Aiiilniy rail- 
 mail was luiill. Mr. Fi-h was a 1 )ii-oi-t(ir nf tlic^ laltii- < i|jaiiy rmiii its nri;ani/.ati(in in FsMO until 
 
 thr time uf his (l,M-casr. lie was oil.' 1)1' the nriuinal stucklmMci-s in tlir Oi-lauarc and Uaritan 
 Canal Cianpany. a Manaiicr of tlir Trcntnn Saving; Fund Snriity Irmii .hnie 14tli, 1X47, a I)ircrt(ir 
 iif the TrcntdU I'.ankin;:- C(ini]iany. (iri;aiii/i'i- and Diivctm- ol' tlic i'liiladrlpliia FiTrv Cunipanv. 
 President iif the Mnvliants Transportation Company, iirojntor .-nid I'lvsidcait of tlie Trenton Dela- 
 ware r>rid,i;e Company, liesidi^.s holiHn.^- prondiunt oHiees in many other larye State corporations. 
 He attended the I'^irst I'reshyterian Cliureh. when- he was an aeti\e Trustee for liftv-live vears. 
 serving;- ahout twenty-li\i' eonseeutive years as l'|-esident of the lioai'd. Mr. Fish dic-d suddenlv in 
 Trenton, in the ninety-tiftli year of his aL;e. ( )ne child only sur\ i\-ed him. a dautrlitcr Eniuia 
 Maria, wife of .lolm S. Clianihcrs. Ksi|uire, Ceucral Mauaucr (jf the Trcutcju Cas Liuht ComiKUiv. 
 
 .Tami:s \\". Lanmn(; was liorn in Trenton. New Jersey, .Imie 2;!il, IS.jo, and has ever sinic 
 lived in Trenton or in this immediate \icinity. His cai-h- adxantau'cs were meai;i'i-. While vet 
 yoiniii' he was hirccil to leave school and apprentice him-elf to K. 1'. Ilcn-ou. leainiuu the <>ar- 
 jientcr trade. In ISS.") hr associated himself 
 witli \A'illiam Hunt, uniler the firm name of 
 Hunt (.V: Fannini:-. contractors and Iniildcis. 
 After ahout two years this tinn was dissohcd. 
 and since then Mr. Laiininir lias hcen carrxiiiL; 
 on the husincss alone. In 1 sso and F"s>-1 lie 
 served as a memher of the Sidiool IJoard of 
 this city, and lati^r \vas a memlierof the ICxcisc 
 Board. He also si^rved a term of two vears as 
 meinlier of the New .lersey FcLdslatlu'e. in 
 lS!)-i and ISli:',. Wddle a niemher of the New 
 Jersey LcLiislatnrc Mr. Lanninu' hecame the 
 father of several impoi'tant hills, anion;: them 
 1 icing the act constitutinLr the P>o.-ird of W'orUs. 
 
 a statute l-cducinii the numhel- of l-"reel|o|ders 
 
 and an act reducinir thenumliei- of memhei< of 
 
 Common Council, and hail the satisfaction of 
 
 secini: every hill which he otfered pass Imth 
 
 Houses, rec'cive the ( loveriior's siiniatlire, and 
 
 tlms hecome law. .Mi'. LainiiiiLr was a mendier 
 
 of the Leiiislaturc durinu- the famous race-track 
 
 lif^ht, and when rei(Uested to do so hy some of 
 
 tlie leadiuL' citizens of Trenton he promptlv 
 
 chailircd ids vote and hecame opposed to ;ill 
 
 race-track le.irislation. Mr. Lanninu did not 
 
 make many spei'chcs mi the Hour of the House. 
 
 as lie is a man of deeds rather than words. 
 
 His record in the Lcirislature was liiirlily 
 
 croditahle to himself and iileasinir to his eonstitii -nts. Octoher .'!lst, 1S77, he m.arried Sophie, 
 
 daughter of Mieliael Slaiirer. of Trenton. As to his alulity and experience as a contrai'lor, the 
 
 New Jersey State Hospital, the Mount Holly i'reshyterian Church, tiic New Jersey Asseniliiy 
 
 Cliamhcr, the New Jersey State 15uildin;_' at tiie CliicaLro ]v\]iosilion, an addition to tlie Stale 
 
 Xorinai Sciiool Hoarding Hall, the gymnasimn in connection witii tlie Stati' Sclniols. tiie i'llcctrical 
 
 I'.tiiiding and the addition to the Scientitie i'.uildiiig at i'rinceton, speak his ]. raise. 
 
 i'.i:.\.i.\Mi.\ I'"i-n ( ii.\Mi!EiiS, son of Joini S. and iunnia M. Chainhers, was iioni in Trenton, 
 New Jersey, August lotli, I.S-'jO. He was prepared for coilegc at the Trenton .Veademy under tiie 
 instruction of Mr. (icorgeS. Grosvenor, and cntereil the Sopiiomore Class at Princeton and graduated 
 in lS~-2. lie studied law in the ollicc of Mr. James S. .\itkin and was admitteil to tiie i)ar a.s an 
 attorney in 1.S7"), ami as <()unsclor-at-law in 1.S7.S. In IS'Sl lie was elected on tlie llepiihlican ticket 
 
 jAMF>i W. LaN.\-|N-(J. 
 
.".(¥) 
 
 THE CITY OF TRENTON. 
 
 U) the lldusc (if Asscnilily fnnu tlic Scciiiid district uf Mnvcr county. During; tiic session he si-rvi'd 
 as Clminnaii of tlir ('lUHiiiittci' mi Militia ami iiiciiiiicr cif tlif Cciimiiittecs on Revision of the Laws 
 and till' School for J)(•af-^[utc•s. He was an active nienil.er of the National Cnard for several 
 vears, enlistin.L' as a )irivate in Company A. Seventli Kejrinient, Manli ITtli. 1^7:1; was iiroinotcd 
 Ca|itain and .Indue Advocate of tli<' Seventh Regiment August IDth, 1S77: elected >hiior .Maivli 
 ■_'.')th, lS7n. and i.ieiitenant-Colonel April 7tii. ISSO. On Ajiril ■_'lth. ISS'J. .Major-C.eneral Mott 
 apiiointcd him Assistant A<ljutant-( ieneral of the Division, with the raid< of Colonel, which he 
 resiLnicd shortlv after tin- deatli of ( h-ncnd Mott. lie was Clerk of the i'.oard of Trustees of the 
 Kirst i'reshvtcrian Chuivh for nine years, which position he hi'ld at the time of his death, .\ugust 
 •2-2(1. IS.^o. 
 
 .Mi( ilAKl. .1. Sol. AN was horn in l'".ngland .March I'-lth. I^oo. He came to the Cnited States in 
 1S(;2. and located at I'ciminirton. New .lersey. Imt after living tiiere one year, removed to Trenton. 
 
 His early education was ohtaincil in ICngland 
 and I'cnnington. Latei' Ik/ attended the even- 
 ing sessions of St. .hihn's I'.arochial Scl 1, 
 
 in Trenton. While woi'king at his ti'adc of 
 ch.ain-making he managctl to secure a turther 
 course at Rider's Business College, lie con- 
 tinued at chain-making for seven years, when 
 he liecanie warehouseman for .loseph II. 
 Moore's pottery. After associating himself 
 with the .\merican Crockery Company and as 
 foreman of the kiln-yard at Willets" jiottery, he 
 successfnllv engaged for two years in the local 
 express husiness. In 1SS7 and ISSS he was 
 made Tax Collector and ( hcrseer of the Poor 
 foi- Millham township, after which time the 
 township was annexed to the city of Trenton. 
 In IS'.ll he was electc(l Police .Justice for a term 
 of three vears, hut was legislated out of ollice. 
 He was ap|iointed Clerk to the newly-elected 
 .lu>tiec, and later was made Clerk to the Board 
 of police Coinniissioners. having held the latter 
 position two vears. He is in the real estate 
 luisiiiess, having an ollice at 12 Ivist State 
 ~ticct. He is an ex-Master Workman of the 
 Knights of l.alior. In pssd he married I'^liza 
 Corhitt, of Trenton. Mi'. Solan has read law 
 for two \-ears. lie lirst elltcrcil the ollice of 
 
 M l< II \ I I. .1. >."! \N 
 
 the late .\. .1. Smith, and was afterward regis- 
 tered with the present City Solicitor, .John Rellstah. His administration of the ollice of Police 
 .Justice gave general satisfaction. While tilling the oHice of Clerk of the Police Court and also 
 Clerk for the Hoard of Police Commissioners, he was highly complimented hy the hoanl for the 
 concise and correct manner in which he kejit the records of the police department, 
 
 Wii.i.i,\M H, Mriviii.Ku was horn in Northumherland county. Pennsylvania, June 21st. 1S4(). 
 When he was only ten years of age he came to Trenton, and has made this his home ever since. 
 He was educated at the puhlie schools of this city, and early in life went with the Trenton Agricul- 
 tural Works to learn to he a machinist. He learned his traile there, and worked in the same shop 
 thirty-two years, most of that time heing foreman of the machine shop. Mr, .Mutchler is a 
 thorough niechanie, and is master of his trade from iMginiiing to end. In .May, 1S'.I2, he was 
 made Overseer of the Poor, and discharged the duties of his ollice with remarkahle tidelity. .Mr, 
 Mutchler helongs to Concordia Lodge, No. 1, I. O. O. F., and the Ancient Order of Unitetl Work- 
 men. In l.S(i3, he \va.s married to Pheebc Watson, of Buck.s county, Penn.sylvania. 
 
SaMLKI, JlKATlt. 
 
THE CiTY OF TRENTON. 
 
 P,0\ 
 
 Sami i:i, Ili:\iii \\;i> Ihhh and six-ut liis ciirly lilV nii ;i I'anii in MoiittioiiH r\- cuuiitw riinisvl- 
 Viinia. Ill l>i"i'.i. 111' inu\r(l tii 'rrcutiiu nnil ciiiiaLic'il in llir milN l)iisiin>s, M'i-\iiiu". I'ur mic vcar, 
 milk from tlir Attcrlmrv fann. He tlicti (i]]i'iii'(l a i^i'dccry st(i|-<' dii North Warren >lii'ct. ami was 
 tlicrc for r\'j:hi_ yrars. J)uriiii; this time Mr. llcatli hnaim- assorialcil with i'ltcr i''iH in llic manu- 
 lactiirr of Inicks. I'^ir several yeai's he was eiiiiaiied in the Jumljer hilsiiiess. In iMii. the linn of 
 liiehanlson iV: Heath was fornii'il. eom|io>e(l of .hiseph I'., liieliarilson ami Samuel Heath. .M'ler 
 two or three' years this llrm was dissohcil. and since then .Mr. Heath has hi'eii eondmiin;: luisiness 
 alone at Nos. ;'i.'14 and .'!o(J Perry street. lie deals in Inmlier, lime, coal, eeimait and luiilders' 
 material, and enjoys a laru'c tradi'. .Vhoiit two years auo the Trenton .Mateh ('oiii|ianv was started, 
 with Mr. Heath as I'resideiit and Treasurer, |)ositions whieh he still holds. The match factory is 
 located on Eslicr street, and is in successful o|ieratioii. He was a mcmliei- of ( 'omnioii ( ouneil for 
 two vears, servinii' as Cliairmau of the I'ooi' Coinmitli'e and .also of the l,icense ('ommiltee. 
 ThroUL;li his t'ft'orts were secured hetter treatment and fare I'oi' the women who were imfortunatc 
 i-noU,L;li to lie inmates of tlie .Mlnshouse. and the men. who w<'re ahle. maile to work on the pooi-- 
 I'arm. He also li.xed the license fee ill the city.it ><L'(K), hut lacked su 1 1| loll , anil lindinii that he 
 was Ulialile to carry out his ideas, Mr. Healli declined to stand loi- a second leiiii. .More than 
 thii'ty years ajio he married ]\Iarv E. liohiiison, of this city, Theii' eldest -on. kiaiik, is a memlier 
 of the tirm of Fell A' Heath, hrick niauufactiirers. Tlicii- second son, Charles, is connected with 
 the Trenton Match ('oinpaiiv. Their third son. liowai'd, is in his lather's ollicc. 
 
 Is];.\i:i, HowDi.i. was horn in Trenton. .\|iiil 'JOtli, k^'JO. His schooliiiL;' was \cry limited, heiuLj 
 a student in the old Ei,i;ht-Si|uare School House. I'litil he was lil'teen years of ane he ~|ient most 
 of his time on a farm. At that a^c he was apprenticed 
 to .Mr. W'oolesfon Itcdinond, a shoemaker, with whom 
 he served tive years. In 1S41 he commenced the shoe 
 liusiiiess for himself, and until ISO.") his store was on 
 the northeast coi'iier of I'erry and Warren streets. In 
 that year lie ino\a'il to No. lOo ]']ast State street, where 
 he conducted the shoe luisiness until 1^71, when he 
 was appointed Postmaster of the city. .\fter his term 
 e.\|)ireil he ojieiicd a real estate and insurance ollicc on 
 the second tliior of No. 10.-. East State street, and has 
 since hceil acti\ely en;:aucd in this luisiness. Pie ha.- 
 keen eonnecteil with most of the land associations w hicli 
 have keen started hei-e diiriiii;' tlii' past ten years, and 
 has acted as President of the followiiiL; : The ICeonoinx' 
 Land Association, kindeii Park kaiid .\ssociation. I iiioii 
 k.and .\--oci.ation, Ikimilton .\\'enue iiand Associat ion. 
 (ireeliwood .\\enucand Ivist State Street kanil .\ssiicia- 
 tion, and the lli-oad Street Pand Associatioii. In kSS'J 
 lie koiifiht the markle-yaril of Mr. John D. Payran, and 
 shortly after the death of Mr. Luther Ward, Mi. Howell 
 purchased Mr. Wai'iPs markle-yard. These two yards 
 have l.ieen consolidated and are still tlie property of Mr, 
 
 Howell. He has also keen a Director in the liroad Street Pank since its orL'ani/alion. Mr. Howell 
 lias also keen comiccted witli the liiiildinu and lo.in associations, having: lieeii the President of the 
 I'^.ast Trenton Land and P.uildin^- Association. .Vnioiiu- his political positions have heeii that of Ta.x 
 
 ('olleetor for the First ward two years, niemher of Conn i Council for two terms. Coroner for three 
 
 years from \X'>'I. and Justice of the Peace for akout liftceii years kefore lie was a]ipointcii Po<tmasler, 
 and again ever since he retired from the Postinastership, On Fcliruary lltli, \S:','.), Mr, Howell 
 joined the old (Jreene Street Methodist Episeojial Church, and was instrumental in forminir llie 
 Clinton .\ venue Church. Since Angir-t 1st, ksJ-'!, 'Sir. Howell has liceii a mciiiker of 'i'rcnton Lodge, 
 No. '4, lnile|Miident Order of Odd Fellows, and has pa.ssed through all the chairs ami is now Past 
 (irand. Mr. Howell was married in IS.}! to Sarah Carter, of Trenton, who died in IS.")!. Jinie 
 '2l>tli, ksnil, Mr. Howell was married to Susan Ivirlin, of I'enikerton, New Jersey. 
 
 l-ltAKI. IIU\\ 1 
 
302 
 
 THK ( ITV OF TRENTON. 
 
 .liili.N II. W'li I TTAKKK was l"ii-ii ill 'riciituii ill till' yrar IS.'Ki. lie was ciliu-alcd al llic Tiiiiti in 
 A( ailciiiy ami tlic l*liilailcl|iliia ScIukiI nf 1 )ia\\ iiiLi. Alli r izraduatiiii;- as a siirvcyni- and anliitrrt 
 lit' located in Trenton, and has sint-e followed IIk'sc |)rot'essions. For eij^lit years lie was otlicial sur- 
 veyor for the lioroii<:li of ("haniliersliuri:. and for live years held a like ]iosition for the horou-.di of 
 W'illiur. While ill these |positions he made the liorouirh atlas ami all the nia|is for lidih Ikji-oultIis, 
 anci is now enuaf^ed on ini]iortant atlas and map work for W'ilhur. lie has done a f^reat deal of 
 national and State work. I"oi' eiirlit yeai's lie was eniraired mi the eelehrated Ocean Heach law case. 
 As an anhiteel he has made a re|iiitation. .Many of the |ironiiiicnt iMihlie and |ii-i\ate luiildiiiLis of 
 this city and tlirouuh<iut the State were enacted aceordiiifr to ])lans sulmiittcd hv him. Amonji 
 these are ('hamhcrsliuru- lioroULdi Hall, Hamilton Axcnne .Methodist K])isco)ial Clnn-ch. IIo]iewell 
 Catholic Churi'li, Centemiial I'nhlie School ImildiiiL; and fldwanl II. Stokes' "W'oodlawn" hiiild- 
 injis. Ill l.s()l he married .Miss W'yckolf, of Craiihury, New Jersey. His father, John Whittaker, 
 was al one time tiie owner of the f;reater part of what is now known as the Third ward. 
 
 (Ikokck J'^i^rzoKoHCF, was horn in ICnuland, in ISi'Ci. In lS-4."), he came to .\merica, locatiiiu in 
 till- city of I'aterion, w here he workccl at the trade of shoemakiuL^ I le eame to Trenton in IS.")."',. 
 
 sillini; the daily p.-ipeiso! New 'i'oik .-ind l'hil:idelphia, 
 as well as the daihes and weeklies of Trenton. He 
 opened a store on I'road street where is now located the 
 W'ashiiiiitoii .Market. The luisiness pro\-e(| so jiros- 
 peroiis that he opi'iied a store in the old post-ollice, 
 which he occupied for fifteen yeai>. When the Wash- 
 iiiL:loii Market was liuilt. .Mr. l'"itz,t:eor;re was compelled 
 to relilKiuish the store which stood on the siti\ He 
 has hi'i'U Su|ierintendent of \\'ashiiii;ton Market for a 
 uiuiilier of vears. transacting;' all the husiness of the 
 WashiiiLrtoii Market Association. He was a Director of 
 the City Railway ('om|iany prior to its consolidation, 
 and was instiauiiental in the introduction of manv im- 
 provements in its transportation sei'\ice. In l^Tii. .Mr. 
 FitzireorL'c dis[ios(>d of his larue paper hiisiiu'ss. In 
 IS.")!). Ml-. Fitzgeorfic married .\niie I']li/.alietli Booth, of 
 riiil.adelpliia. ( )r his children, there are I'Mwin, a hook 
 and joli piinlei- : (ieortre T., a druuiiist ; Mrs. Harrv 
 Crook, Mis. .\lliert West, and Frank l'"itz.u'eor,ue, who is 
 eimaucd in the ]ilumhint; trade. He is a niemlier of 
 Mercer T>od,L'e, No. ■">'•. F. and .V. .M., has heen its 
 Treasurer for eighteen sueccssi\'e years, ami at the recent election was re-elected to the ollice unani- 
 mously. He was a meiiiher of the Hoard of Trustees of the old rnion Street M. 1']. Churt-h when 
 it was in c.xistcncc. and afterward united with the Central .M. F. Chm-cli when it was ori.mnized. 
 He was one of the principals in the oriianization, was a memlierof its lirst Hoard of Trustees, has 
 coutinticil to lie ;i memher until the present dav, and is the oiil\ one ol' tl riyinal hoard left. 
 
 (iKcHtliK Fj'lV.(iK<ii:r;E. 
 
 Josi-:i'ii .\. SorriiwKK, niaii.-iii:er of the Soiithwiek Comhination Stores, was lioni in Trenton in 
 FS.">,. Jle entered the dry fijoods husiness hefore he was liftccu years of aji;e. When Henderson ('<. 
 Scudder o])ene(l his dry troocls store in Trenton, in 1S.')-J. Mr. Southwick was euLfaued as the lir-t 
 clerk. In IS.")-! Mr. Southwick went to riiilailelphia, .■inci wa~ in Hlye's store, at the corner of 
 -Ninth ami Arch streets. After six years with Mr. Jilye, he opened a store of his own, on South 
 I'jjihth street, and continued in the dry i;oods liusine.ss there until 1S7"), when he removed to ICIcv- 
 eiitli and Chestiuit streets, and ociaipied that larire store for several years. In iss:; he eaine to 
 Trenton and openeil the Southwick Comhination Stores, .'>7 Fast State street. The luisiness was 
 very successful, and in 1.S',)1> Mr. Southwick secured the douhle conununicatiiii: stores in the Y. M. 
 C. \. I'.uililinir, which was not then linished. Tliev were titled up under his personal su|M'r\ision, 
 with necessary conveniences. In Octoher, 1.S'.I2. he moved into the new stores. .Mr. Southwick 
 lias been identilied with Masonic bodies for many years, has lilled many of the prominent posi- 
 
JiisKl'Il A. S<h:tiI WR'K. 
 
THE CITY f)F TTIKNTON. 
 
 303 
 
 tions in tlir iliffcrcnt hranclics uf tlic (inlcr nml still coiitinucs liis iiu'inlici-siii|> with his old I'hiladcl- 
 |iliia Idd.m's. ill iirffcrciicc t(i hi'liii;- (liniittnl to thr iddui's of liis |iri'M-iit Ikiiiic I Ir mari-iccl l^ljcn 
 Matthias in ISIj;;. Mr. SdUtliuick (mhiics from one of the oldrst families in '{"rcnton. His irrand- 
 motliiT, Sarah Moore, was the last siir\i\-or of the committee of thirteen voim;^' ladies who 
 reeeiviHl (ieneral (ieorue W'ashinuton u|ion his tiium])hal march tlinaii^h Trenton. She dieil at the 
 extreiiio aj;-e of ninety-six years, and is huri<'d in the l'"ii-s1 I'reshytia-ian ehnrcln ai'd. At thi' time 
 (if the lievolutionary war the Sipiithw iek family resideil on Warren street, next to the now Trenton 
 Mouse. Captaiii .Moore, a hrother of Mr. Soiithwic-k's <;randmother, was kill.'d in the hattle of 
 
 I'l-incetoll. 
 
 •lolix ]!. Fell was honi in Tivnton. .\imnsl iTith. 1S:;(;. At ten yeai-s of a;:e he starteil in 
 to learn lirickmakini;', which lie woiked at ele\in years. He next eimaiied in the ui'orcrv hiisiness, 
 followinu- that line several yeai's. In Istid he was aii|]ointed 
 .Marshal in the State Prison. seiAini:: niiiler I'etir 1'. Rohiii- 
 soii, until A cliaiiL;!' in |iolities caused his remo\.il. lie 
 and Mr. Itoherts liou.nht the interest of I'eter Fell in the hriek- 
 yard on Princeton avenue, where he is still doiiiu husiiiess 
 under the lirni name of Fell A' llolieit^. .Mr. l-"ell was made 
 Seryeant-at-Aniis of the Assemhly in l>i7<'i. and his |jo|pnlarily 
 led to his re-election to that ]iosition four I'ouseeutive \'eais. 
 He served (111 the Ivxcise Hoard six veals from l>>'s.'!. and 
 is now a nieniher of the iJatlle .Monimient ('omniis>ioii, 
 liaviiif;- taken the jilace of the late Hi', .lohn W'oolverfon. 
 He was Assistant Eiiiiineer in the old vohinteei- lire de|i;irt- 
 iiieiit, under John A. Weart, and is a nii.'iiilier of the 
 lv\eni]it Firemen's Association. ( )n (liloher I'lst, ISoT, he 
 was niai'ricd to ^larv C. Plew, of I'lincetoii, Xe\v Jersey, 
 and four children have heeii horn to them, two of whom ari' 
 living. 
 
 JniiN B. KK 
 
 EcKl'oKii MooRf; was horn in Trenton, New Jersey, Octolier 2'.)tli, ISIS. He was educated at 
 the Slate Model School and Trenton .Vcademy. afterward takini;- a full course at the I'olvtechnic 
 
 ('ollei;('. l'hiladel]ihia. to lit him for the |irofession of a miniiifr 
 liiLiinecr. He never followed this vocation, however, hut came to 
 Ti'entoii and eni.'a!i'ed in the hiisiness of wholesale notions with 
 the liiiii of Howell. IJichards i^- Co., with whom he stayed four 
 years. Mr. Moore has always lieen proiuineiit in |i(ilities, and is 
 a l)(iiiociat of the iiroiiressive tyjie. His lirst exertions for ))oliti- 
 cal honors were made in 1S77. when he was nominaled for .\ssem- 
 hlynian, and won the election after a hard lij;ht. He was re- 
 elected in 1S7S, hut niel defeat in ISSO, when he ran for Senator, 
 thecomilvof .Mercer heiiiL: (iverw hchiiinul V l!e|iulilican. In the 
 year ISS], he was a,i.'ain electetl to the Assemhly. He was aji- 
 jiointed to (ill the iinexjiired term of City Clerk I'^arley, who re- 
 -iuiieil, and at the exiiiratioii of thai time was electeil to the same 
 |iositi(in for a full term. In issi;, he was the a|p|iointee of Presi- 
 'leiit Cleveland for Postmasler, and he lillcil this ollice with en'(lit 
 to himself and liellefit to the |ieo|ile. He has lieell a Ineniher of 
 the Trenton Hattle Monument Association since its orjiani/.ation, 
 and is now its Secretary. He was a|i|ioiiiteiI Colonel and Aide- 
 de-Caiii|i (111 the stall' of (lovernor l.udlow .\|iiil I'.ilh. jssl.and Colonel and .\ide-(le-Cam|i on 
 the stall' of (lovernor Ahhctt April 2'.)lh, ISSl. His father was Mr. Charles Moore, one of the 
 (irifiiiial proprietors of the Moore Flour Mills, situated on South Warren street. In 1S71, Colonel 
 Moore was m.arried to .\nna S. Temple, of Trenton. They reside al 111 l']ast Stale street, where 
 Colonel .Moore lias lived since I s.'id. 
 
 ElKHHil. M«"'JtK. 
 
304 
 
 THE CITY OF TRENTON. 
 
 UoiiEUT JJ. IJONNKV. 
 
 C'liAiii.Ks B. Cask was Ixn-n in lluuUnlon county. New .Ilisiv, in l.SfiO, where he was cdiR-iteil. 
 In ix~x he was jriaduated from the Centcnarv Collegiate Institute, of Hackettstown, New Jersey, 
 and spent tlirce rears in ^'ale University. In l^^l lieeanieto Trenton and studied law with .Judge 
 Buchanan. Mr. Case aliandoncil the idea of entci-ing upon the ]>ractiee of law. and in 1SS4 hecanie 
 interested in real estate o]icrations, forming a |>;nliii'i',~hiii with ."^amnel Walker, .Ir. In ISSfithis 
 partnership was dissolved ami Mr. Case entered into partnershi]) with Mr. (lai-dner ]]. Cain, under 
 the lii'in nann' of Case i\: Cain. This young and progrc^ssive iirni have handleil a gi'eat deal of 
 
 propei'ty anil lia\c done a very extensive Imsiness in 
 real estate during the jjast eight years. Mr. Case holds 
 the |iosition of iVssistant Suj)erintendent of the Sahhath- 
 s.-lHM.lof theStateStreetM. E. Clim-eh. Jn IS'.Klhcwas 
 inairie(l to I'^lorence N.. daughter of Mi-. Ilcui'y C. Case. 
 
 l!oi;i;i,"r I!. I'.onm.v was horn at .New liruiiswirk in 
 1 ^ l">. .\ftei' a complete course at the puMic and L;ram- 
 
 ni;ii- scl Is of his native city, he matriculaled at l!\it- 
 
 licis ('ollege. lie llicli entered one of llir iliv goods 
 stores of New Ihniiswiek :is clerk. In hs7'_'. he was 
 appointed to a clcikship ill the Xi-w .Jersey State Prison 
 and .-it once mo\'c(l to Tri'iiton. llecontinueil in his 
 position until IMid. .'>ilice then he has heell ill the 
 L:ciiei-al eartagi' and street-sprinkling liiisiiiess. and 
 lias had charge of the iiiiiin ottiee of the Sanitary 
 potters' ,\ssociation. I lis ollice is in the Masonii- Temple 
 lniililing, corner State and Warren streets. f^ir nearly 
 two terms Mr. I'.oiinev served as a mcniher of the C mi- 
 mon i'ouiicil of the horougli of ( 'liamliersliurg. and dur- 
 iiiu tliiil ti nil' lie was Chairman (if the I'i nance ( 'oinmittee 
 and Superintendent of the Iiorough water system. for four years he was (Jiie of the city Water Com- 
 missioners anil is now a nicmher of the hoard for the second time. He has always taken a great 
 interest in the water supply and ihr extensioii of tin- scr\-icc. lie is Secretary of the Board of Trustees 
 of the Clinton .\\enuc l!a|itist Chinili. and for lifleeii 
 
 years has hecu Superintendent of ihr .'-^unday-scl I. In 
 
 1S()7, he married Katharine I,. Seilam. They have one 
 daughter. Mr<. .losepli 1 ). .\rriM.n, of New \nvk City. 
 
 Wiiliwi II. WiiiiK was lioi'ii aliiiul three milis 
 ahove Trenton, August \X\\\. \s:\-2. Hi- education was 
 such as his energetic s]iirit coiild M-cine during leisure 
 hours. Ill' came to Trenton when eighteen years 
 of age and worked for the lirm of Cpton iV: Miller, tin- 
 smiths. .\1 the age of twenty-two he started for 
 himself, occujiving the corner of State and \\ arreii 
 streets. After three years .laniis Wylie was admitted 
 as a partner. In the year 1S.")S the Inisinc^s was 
 removed to its jirescnt location, Ih^ North lliMad 
 street. The space then oeeu]iied, however, was a 
 room only ten hy twenty feet. For four years (leorge 
 Burling was a partner. lie withdi-ew ahout \X7'2. 
 Tlien Mr. White's hrotlu'r, .)ohn W., hecauH' his ]jart- 
 ner until the spring of ]S7(), when he resigned. Mr. 
 White carried on the husiness alone until ISIK), wln-n his 
 twosons, Howard and William .T., were admitted. This 
 
 lirm was again changed after one year had ela])Se(l, Howard While haxiiig assumed the management of 
 the White Cycle Company. At present it is William 11. White ^V Son. the latter heing William -I. 
 Through changes tlu' husiness has seen no alteration except continued prosperity. The ohjeets of 
 the lirm are trading in stoves, and a specialty is made of plumhing, tin-roofing and sheet-iron work. 
 
 V\I 11 WlllTK. 
 
Charles B. Casi-;. 
 
THE CITY OF TRENTON. 
 
 305 
 
 Al.KXANIiKH H. KliKKV. 
 
 Alexander H. Rickey is a nativo of Trrntdii, iiaviiiL' Ih'cii Ixirn here Ausiust (ith, 1S47. His 
 education was received in the pulilic scliools of tliis city. l>atcr lie attemlcd tlie Eastman Business 
 Cdlleuc, of I'oUirldceej>sie. New Vorl';, He ililmniiird 
 to study law, entering tile otiice of .Indue Alfred Itcnl. 
 May L'.'id, lSi;4, he was tendered a clerkshiii in the 
 (Mivernor's ollice. and since IsCili he has liccn conucrti'd 
 with the ollire of tlie Scci-ctai'y of State. For nianv 
 years lie held the jjositiou of Chief Cli^rk, and siiK/e 
 .Januai-y 1st, IS'.K). he has Keen .Vssistant Seia-etarv of 
 State, invested hy law with the >aine ])owers and to 
 perform all the duties which aic imposed liy law n]:)on 
 the Secretary of Stati' in Ids ahscnee. He also occU]iied 
 the very responsihle jxisition of E.xaminer of Bankini;- 
 and Insurance Com])anies under the Counnissioner of 
 liaidss. ^Ir. Iiickey has held n iiundpci' of impoi'tant 
 positions in his native city. From 1>^71 to ls7.") he 
 was a nicndicr of Common Council fi-om the Third 
 ward, and duriuu' that time was ( hainnau of the Fire 
 Connnittee and the C'ity Hall Conindtlee and was a 
 mendier of the Finance ( 'ommittie. Mr. Kickev is 
 a nieiiihei- of Trenton I,odL;e. \o. ."), i'\ and .\. M.. anil 
 Three-Times-Three Chajitcr. He was married in 1><7-! 
 to Miss Axignsta ISarkholtz. of this city. A son — 
 
 Carlton Hamilton Riiki'y — is a student at I'riiu'etor] Cdle.je. Mi-. Hiekev is one of the most 
 faithful and valuahle oHieial- lli.it the State has evei- had, ami whilst not anxious for ]iolitical 
 
 lionors, is very eoiiseieiilioiis in tile dischar;,;'e 
 of the duties of lii> ollice. 
 
 FnANK .M. W'riJ.ia,- was Koin in Ti'en- 
 ton. Oetoher I'lMli. Im;.",. lli> education was 
 ohtaiiied in the puhiic scliools and in the 
 husiness college of ISryaut it Stratton. He 
 entered the I'nited States service, as sea- 
 man apprentice, on hoai-d the lia,i:shi)) of 
 the jMii'opean S(|uadron. thi' ''Lancaster.'' 
 Mr. W'eller was with this sipiadron three 
 yeai's. \-isitim:- all the prim-ipal )iarts of the 
 wol-ld. In ISSl the lirm of llin'm Wel- 
 ler's Sons was <'stahlislied. of \\liieli l'"i-ank M. 
 W'eller liecanu' a memher. They eii'j.a.L'ed in 
 an extensive husiness on Hrunswiek avenue, in 
 river sand. Iiaulim;'. as shipwrit;lits. and also 
 di'alinjr in coal. I le is the director of the linaii- 
 cial alTaii's of this successful lirm. For ten 
 veai's he has heen an active Hepuhliean in tlie 
 Seventh ward, evincinu' a lively interest in all 
 that concerns the ]iarty. In the sprini: of IS'.il 
 he was honored hv an election to t'onunon 
 Council. .\s a mendier of the ' 'ouncil he serves 
 the citv on the Park Committee, of which he is 
 Chairm.an. ami has a place on the Street, Rail- 
 road and Uridirc, City Hall, Lamp, and Poor 
 Committees. Ml-. Weller is llioroui.dily ^ratified if his efi'orts procure for his constitiK'nts and the 
 city any diL^ree of profit and im|iro\-ement. Hi' married, in 1SS">, I'"lorence IJeulali, dauirhter of 
 Hujro Francis, of New '^'ork City. Two ihildrcn j^nicc the home of Mr. Weller — Chester Francis 
 and Olive Moore. 
 0* 
 
 Fkank M. Wki.i.kk. 
 
30fi 
 
 TIIK CITY OF TRENTON. 
 
 Jdiin (j. ( JiNNODo was liiiiii ill l'liilailcl]i!iia, Auirust L'Ttli. 1S4'.I. For a few years he attnidi'il 
 the ]nil>lir st'licpdls of liis native city ami then \viiii<eil fm- tlie lUisii Hill Irun Cnniiiany, of Philadcl- 
 l»liia, learninii tlie traile of roll-turninj: anil ireneral machinist. When the l\el)ellion eoninieneed he 
 
 enlisted in Company A, Kiirhty-seeoml l!et;iment. PiMin- 
 sylvania \'oluiiteers, and served one year. lie then 
 enlisted in lh<' I'liited States navy and served over two 
 years. He was stationeil in the navy yards of I'hila- 
 del|ihia. IJrooklvn. \\'asliinLrti>n and I'ensaeola. most 
 of ilie time liiini:' at the latter place. 1 lavinir a very 
 severe attack of the yellow fever he was olVered a dis- 
 eliaiye on account of physical disaliility incurred in the 
 service ; reflisinj;" this he accepted a discliariie as a 
 minor. He was imahle to work in the iron mills, there- 
 fore Icarneil pa|ici-liaiiL:iML; and workecl at this trader for 
 alioiit six years. Jle then took a jiosilion with the 
 
 Ivl^i'cii r Iron ('om|)any. near \\'ilmin,i;1on. In ]S77 
 
 he came to 'rrcntoii. For three years he was employed 
 liy the I'hieiiix Iron Company, and dnrinji two years 
 \\a< in Cleveland. ( ihio, workint; for the()tis Steel and 
 1 ron Coiiijiany. Keturniiiii' to Trenton lie ente|-e<l llie 
 eniplov of David Shaw, the paiierlianjrer, of South War- 
 ren sti-eet, and was enjiajred at his trade for three years 
 oi- more. He then \vent hack to i-oll-tiirnint;- in the .New 
 Ji'rsey ."^teel and Iron Company's woi'ks and was t>m- 
 jiloyed there <i\-cr three years. .Ml', (iimiodo has taken 
 a f^reat interest in politics ever since he went to the war. In the spi'iiiii' of 1S'.)4 he was electeil to 
 Coimnon Council. He is a memlier of the I'oor and Street Conimittees, and is Chairman of the 
 Police Committee. .Mr. Cimiod,, i> I'a-t Commander of .Vai'on Wilkes l'o>t. No. i'-"!, C. A. K. 
 .Inlv l-'Stli, 1n71. he was niarrii'il to Ilaiiiet Massev. of l'liu-nixvilh\ I'eiinsvlvania. 
 
 Jiill.N ii. liiN.NulJU 
 
 .John S. CnAMi'.i:i;s was liorn in Trenton in l^L'-'l. and has always lived in the city. His early 
 e<hication was ohtained at the Trenton .\i-adcni\'. I'pon leaviiii!' the Acadi'iiiy. he foi- ten vears 
 devoted himself to fai'miiii;. In the year IS.'id, du the :J.Id of .lime, hi' was elected Treasurer of the 
 Trenton (las Lijrht Company. This was the lii>t company foinied in Trenton for the pni-pose of 
 li,Lditin.s the city. On.IuneSth, l.S."j7, hewasniadca I )irector and (ieiieral .Manauer. which olliees he 
 has held ever since. F^)llowing these years, Mr. Chamhers' life was one of eontinued usefulness, 
 oeeuiivinir many positions of trust and responsihility. In early life hetook a iireat interest in military 
 affairs, and in l.S-l.'l hecame Corpoial of ( 'a plain Samuel 1!. Ilamiltoirs troop of cavalry. He was also 
 an oHicer in Ca]>tain Samuel Dickinson's company of inf.inti-y. National (iuard, in IMi;. In those 
 times the niemliers of the company paid ihcirown ex]icnses. In l.^fil Mr. Chamliers joined Company 
 A, Seventh Heiriment, and was appointed Second Seriicant thereof. The company was then eom- 
 inandeil hy Captain William I!. Mur]ihy. In the atfairs of the tire di'iiartment. .Mr. Chamhers wa.s 
 also interested. He was I'lected a niemhcr of the I'nion l-'i re Company in ISJl. His ]ioptilarity 
 led to his election as Secretary of the company in ISji;. and linally I'l'esideiit in IS(il). In iS-'i'.l lie 
 was elected a Trustee of the Trenton Acadi'iuy, at the same time heini; made the .'Secretary, 
 and in 1.S72 was made Treasurer. These several olliees he held until Decemher 1 Itli, IXSI), when 
 the association was dissolved hy the Court of Chancery, jitirstiant to petition of the ]iroprietors. Mr. 
 Chamhers has also heen connected with the Trenton Savini: Ftmd Society since .lainiary I-'itli. 1 S.")<), 
 when he was elected a Manager of the same. He rcsiLiiicd the ollice in March, ISIili. and the s.ame 
 day, the l.'Jtli, was apjiointed Secretary and Ti'easurer. These olliees he resiiiiied .Vuirust L'Sth, 
 ISlitl. On the fourth of the i'ollowinjr month, he was auain elected to till the position of Manajfer, hut 
 resiirned on January 24111, 1S71. For a third time, he was elected a Manairer Oetoher I'lst, 1.S.S4, 
 and he has served in that capacity ever since. Recof;nizin,K his worth, the manaiicmcnt of the 
 Mechanics National 15ank elected him a Director in January. l.S7!(. He was elected \'ice President 
 in 1888, liut declined to ixTiiiit a re-eleetiou to either ollice in January, I.SSU. He was a])pointed 
 
JOUN .■?. CH.\MIli:itS 
 
THE CTTY OF TRENTON. 
 
 307 
 
 July 1 Ith. l.'^(>•"), til the (illii-r of ( '(iiiiiiiissii iiicr df the Siiikiiii;- l-"iiiiil 111' till' citv iif 'I'rrntiin. ami still 
 tills the olliee. Fel)raai-v "itli. |ss;',. saw him ruiiiirrtril ^vi|ll tlic .MiTcliaiits TmnsportatiDn Cmn- 
 liany as Diroftnr. Thr ulliir nf I'l-i'siilriit was Liivni him Drrrinhcr loth. IS.Sl. liuth iittirrs are 
 at the prrsriit timr hrhl hy Mr. I'hamhri-s. Ivirly jniniuu- thr j^'irst I'l'i-shvli-riau Churrh hi' was 
 arti\ily riiL;ai;ril iii the itMl:!''!!- wnrk of thai \iiiriah]r iii'naiiizatii)ii in is.'iC, whrii hi' was a tcaclicr 
 ill the missiiiii srhiinl rdiiiurliil ihritwith. whirli siliuiil was sitnatnl uii I'riiirrtiin avenue. Tie 
 was a tearlu-r fur thirtn-ii years. In 1S.")7 he was I'li-eteil Clerk ufthr IJuani of 'I'rusters of the 
 i-hiirih, hulilinii' the iiusitimi until \>^7A. Ilr was a Trustrr rrniii .laiiiiary, ISd.'), to 1871 and an 
 I':iilrr fium IMiC, to is; 1. i].on rrsiuniuL' all the ollirrs \\c hnami' interested in tlie nioveiiieut 
 to organize tin.' Fifth I'l-eshyterian ('liunli, mi I'lim-eton a\Tiiiir. in whiih hr look a jirominrnt iiart. 
 The first meeting of thr Triistris was hrld at tin' lionir of .Mr. Chamlirrs. l-'our years later he 
 •withdrew from the l-"iftli Chuivli, and aftrrward rrjoiiinl the First, of which rhureh he is now 
 a eonimunieant. Surely surli a rarrrr is one to he |irouil of. and oiir u|ion wliieh an\- man 
 may look over with a largr drgrrr of satislartion. Frw inrii li:i\r di\olril tlirir tinir and talents to 
 thr n|iliuilding of the rify in so many ways as lias .Mi'. ( 'liiimliii's, and his naiin' will he handed 
 down to future generations as luing among the most patriotir miii of thr rarlv da\-s of Trenton's 
 |iriisjierity. In l.S4l'i Mr. ( 'hamlirrs mai'iird Emma ^1. I'^isli. ilaugliti'i' of ihrlati' lliiiiainiii Fish. 
 Four ehildrm rrsulti'd from thr union, two of whom arr still lixing. Tlii'\- arr .John S. , .Ir., a rivil 
 engineei', of I'ittshui'gli, I'miisyl vania. .'iiid Thomas Strykrr, who is thr Si'rrrtai'X' of thr Trmton 
 (ia.s Light Comiiaiiy, Mr, ('h.'imhrrs rrsidrs at No. ]'.t:', lii'iuiswirk avniiii'. ii|ion ground owned hv 
 his family for uioi-r than mir hundrrd \rars. 
 
 Fkedi^rick F, ( ', W'ooinvAi.'ii, 1>, l>,S., Avas horn in Monniontli rouuty, .Xrw .Irrsev, iu isrifi, 
 wlirrr he reeeivi'd his rarly rduralion, llr attriidrd thr llonliiitow n .Military liistitutr to pre- 
 parr for W'rst Point, llr linishrd his prrparation at a military srliool at Crotoii-on-thr-l I udson. 
 In ISSf hr I'litered Wilson's drug stoir. 
 Passing thr Statr IJoard r.x.'imination, hr 
 liiatrirnl.'itrd at thr Pliiladrlphia Drnlal Col- 
 lege and thr .Mnliro-t 'hilUlgiial ('ollrgr. At 
 
 those institutions hr took a roinplrtr roursr 
 in drntistry and a |iartial mursr in nirdirinr 
 and surgrry. I>i', \\'ooilwaril as a IJrpiili- 
 liran has always takrn an arli\r iutrrrst in 
 piilitir<, \\r has srveral times heen a drlrgatr 
 to Coiigirssioiial riiuyriitiiins and is imw a 
 mriiilirr of Trmton ('omnion ('oiiiiril, haxiiiL; 
 hrrli rlrrtrd ill thr spring of lS',tt, llr is 
 Chairman of thr Committrrs on lioard of Tia dr 
 and Shows and I'Lxhihitions, ,\moiig otlirr 
 organizations of a seeret and sori.d rhar.irtrr 
 he was one of the originators of thr Park Inland 
 Canoeing .Vssorialion, and is now srr\ini: as 
 Bugler and one of thr Trustees. On Srptrni- 
 her 1st. ISS:',, ].)r. Woodward rnlistrd as pii- 
 yatr in Company 1!. Srvrnih Prgimnil, \, ('•. 
 N, .1., and .lunr 1st, ]SSI\, hr was appoinlnl 
 .'^ergrant and lUiglrr on Ornrial l>onii('ll\'- 
 stall'. III' was in coutinu.il srrxirr in thr 
 National (iuard from thr timr of his enlist- 
 ment until transfrri'i'd to thr .Naval Krsrrvc, 
 On ari'ount of his military edueation |)r. 
 Woodward was a ]irinir niovrr in thr .\aval 
 Reserve Corps. Ipoii .May I'lst. IS'.i"), he was commissioned Srnior Meutenant of the First 
 Division, Battalion of the Wrst, On .\ugtist lOth, IS'.i:!, he married Lilian Bloodgood, of Now 
 P.runswiek, .New .lersiv. Tiny rrside at No. 'I-'A East State street, whore he lia.s Ills dental offices. 
 
 FKI:|>I:1U< K I''. (', WuiiKW.MlM 
 
308 THE CITY oK IKKNToX. 
 
 Kdminu r. IIii.i. was liorii May 11th, 18-").') ; lie is a son of the late Thomas ('. Hill. For a 
 hundn-d vcars his i>atornal ancestors liavc heen Trentonians : lie is ilescendi^d on his mother's side 
 from the Duteli and Hu<iUenot settlers of East New Jersi'V. His early eiliieation was ohtained 
 in the imhlie schools of Trenton. suii]ilemented hy attendance at the State Model School, 
 and later at the Trenton .\cailemy, where he prepared for collei:i'. and was >;raduated, with 
 
 hitrh honors, in 1873. On account of ] r eyesight .Mr. Hill thonght it iiie.\])e<lient to contiinie 
 
 his studies, and temiiorarily engaged in his father's liakery. He has. Imwever. remained in that 
 occui>atioii for twenty-two years. The bakery husincss was iu>tituteil in the year IsCilt liy Thomas 
 ('. Hill, who. froni its inception. c-ndca\dreil to pla<-e his estahlishment among the foremost in the 
 State. Edmund T. Hill remained in the emjiloy of his fatlier for a di'cade. applying himself to 
 the details of his o<'cupation. In 1>>>^") he hecame a pai-tmr with his fathcT. and in IS'.H. upon 
 the death of Thomas ('. Hill. tli<' entire husincss <-amc into the hands of Edmund ( '. In 189.') 
 a stock association, known as ■■The Thomas ('. Hill iV' Son Comiiany." wa~ incorporated. Tn 
 
 this Mr. Hill owns a majority of the stock. The cstaMisl 'Ut is thoroughly cipiippcd with all 
 
 modern machinerv and appliances, and the woi-k piodnccd is of a high grade, t )n the lUtli of 
 Septemher, l^SI. he was mai'i-ied to .li'miic ('., daughtci- of Captain Itichard .). Itichards. Company 
 H, Twelitv-lirst New .l<'i>c\' \'olunteers, of Lawrence\ille. Xi'W .Jersey. l-'i'om 1SS7 to IS'.IO 
 Mr. Hill represented tin- l'"irst ward in the Tnnton Common Council. During those years 
 he was Chairman of the Ordinance Coiinnittce. and to his ci-cdit it may lie said that none of 
 the ordinance's which ])assed through his hands were c\i'r icverscd hy the Snprenu' Court. This 
 was a critical period in the history of Trenton, the tln'cc years heing devoted to nnuiicipal eon- 
 solidatii>n and the alisoi-ption of s\ihurhs, adoption of the sewerage .system, development of the 
 iiark iilca. the codification of citv orilinani-es and the general remodeling of munici]ial ilep.n-tments. 
 He was also N'ice Chairman of the Sanitary Conmiittee. and prominent in all legislation l)earing on 
 the sewerage of Trenton. .Mi'. Hill was largely instrumental in sciuring for Trenton the sewerage 
 svstein, the grouml foi- the first sewci' licing hroken hy Hi'. W. W. L. I'liillips (now of Fortress 
 .\hinroe) and Mr. Hill. The lattei- now has in his possession the iilcntical sliovcl useil. The 
 Trenton park system had its origin in .Mr. Hill's elforts. I'poii entci-ing Connnon Council he 
 mappeil out the plan as now ailopted. He si'leite<l the site of Cadwalader Park, which, now 
 so successful, met at the time with the opposition of press and puhlic. .\fter a tedious 
 contest he succeedeil in passing the ordinami- pi-oviding foi' the p\n-<liase of Cadwalader 
 I'ark and a large tract of land to he useil in the future as a river driv. Mr. Hill was 
 lirst Chairman of the i'ark (.'onnnission and practically organized tlie |iark departnu'Ut. The 
 organization of this department was a woi-k of no small moment, and the lines laid down regard- 
 ing jiolicing and genei-al management lia\c hi'cn pi-acticaliy followeil e\ei- siui'c. During 
 IHWi and 1.S94 .Mr. Hill was President of the ILiard of Trade. \]v is d.vply interesti'd in the 
 eontem]ilated shi|i canal, an inland eo.istwisi' waterway, which it is proposeil to extend from 
 Iloston to New Orleans. I n this comn'ction he represents New .lersey in the Philadelphia Ctiiial 
 ('onnnission. He has ihi-ee times heen a delegate from Trenton to the National I'.oard of Trade at 
 Washington, I). C. in his capacity as President of the lloai'il of Trade he was largely instrumental 
 in settling the disastrous strike in the Trenton potteries in 1S',(|. hotli mamifaeturers and employes 
 agreeing in advance to acce]it his mediation. In IS'.I.", he was a delegate to the International Con- 
 gress held at Chicago. ^\■hilc Chairman of the Park Committee of Cotnicil Mr. Hill suggested to 
 the executors of the Cadwalader estate that they specially impi-o\i' their tiaet of land adjacent to 
 the park. He was at once offered the agency thereof, if he woidd accept it. with nirtr blanche to 
 spend any amount of money he thotight best. He .accepted the position, and 880,000 was s]ient 
 in improvements. In eonsciiuence, "Cadwalader Place" has hecomc one of the hest suV)urhs in 
 the State, and it has acted as a stimulus to town-gi'owth in many ways. in|iolitics. Mr. Hill i- a 
 Re])ul)lican, heing a i)romint'nt mcuiher of thi' Voung .Men's Kepuhlican Cluh of ■('rcnton. He 
 has l)een Treasurer of the State Hei)uhlican League since its organization in IXST. He is President 
 of the Reiiuhlie Building and Loan Association, President of the Chihlren's Home Society, a 
 Director in the Trenton Safe Deposit and Trust Comjianv and is \'ice President of the State Mutual 
 ISuilding and Loan Association. He is connected with nearl\- all of the benevolent and fraternal 
 organizations of Trenton, ])articularly with the Masonic i>rder. Among other organizations, Mr. 
 llill is a niend)er of the Trenton Natural History Society, the New Jersey Historical Society, the 
 
KHMLN1> C. UlLI,. 
 
Till-: CITY OF TREXTON. 
 
 .",00 
 
 Manufacturers' Chih nl I'liila(!cl]ilii:i. and tlic 'r\\iliL;lil ("luli uf Xrw \in]<. JIo is a iuciiiImt and 
 Trustee of the Clinton Avenue llaptist Chunh. Scmie yeai-s a,i:n Mr. Hill oifered a silver eup for 
 (■(inqietition aiudnu tlie eamieists on the l)ela\\ai-i'. which was tli<' miuin uf the annual canoe rejratlas 
 that take ])lace each Se]iteniliei', and are held ahove the "l-'alls."' Durini;' his adniinistiatiim as 
 President of the Park Island ('anoeinti Association the clnli-hoiisi' (in Park Island was liuilt. The 
 Ali;iiniiuin Canoe Cluh was started liv Mr. Hill, who was the lirst Conniioddre and drew the jilans 
 for the cluh-hi.iuse. 
 
 Bahkek (ir.MMiOKr:. Ji;.. \vas horn in Treuhm, New .Tersey, .Inne ■"'itli, hS.")(;. Hi (he fall of \s~(; 
 he aceejited a ])ositioii as c(irres]iundiiiL;' clerk foi- the Trenton ]5ankiii;j ( 'iiiii|iaii v. 1 le tendered his 
 resiii-nation ti> tliis c(ini]>any in is""^, to ae<-e|it a more lucrative jiosilinn with the Ceiiliid I!ailiu:id 
 of New .h'rsi'V, whci-c he had charu'e uf the freij^ht accounts on 
 the Long Braueli Division foi' six months. He was then made 
 Private Secretary to . I udu'e I^athroj), Pi'esident of the c(im]iany. 
 In 1SS4 he jiurchased an interest in the linn uf lldjikins, Itossell 
 it Ciiui|ianv. ext<'nsive oil dealers of New ^'urk Citv, hut at the 
 ex|iii'atiou of one year lie sold out and returned to Trentun, 
 wliei'e he has remained ever since. In IS.S.") he hdught an interest 
 in his father's law lii'iii, and as he was not a meniher of the har 
 he attended to the ollice husiness of the e(in<-ern. In ISSS he 
 was elected to the Connnon Council, and while a mcmher of that 
 hody he serveil (Uie year as Chairman of the Ordinance Com- 
 mittee, and two years as ('hairnian of the Finance Connnitt<'e. 
 in 1S'.I2 he was elected Clerk of ^fercer county, for a term of tivi' 
 yeai's. He i^ a mcmher uf the (ioverning Boai'd of the fiercer 
 Ciiunty liepuhlican Cluh ami a meniher of the IMercer County 
 l!e|iulilican Executive Connnittee. He is a Director and Treasu- 
 rer uf the Trenton Trust and Safi' Deposit Cunip.-iny. Barkek (a mmkuk,.!!!. 
 
 Chaki.Ks II. P>.\ki:i; was hurn in Trentun in August. lsr>-_'. and i-cccived his e,n-ly cducatiun at 
 the State Mudel Scliuul and the Trentun Academy. In IsT'.i, he entered the employ of liandall 
 
 itii-kcy, at the same time attending lectures at tlu> 
 Philaili'lpliia Collegi' of Pharmacy, whence he was 
 giaduatcd in ISS-J. l-'ur six years he held a position 
 at the head of his profession. I"ur twu years he con- 
 ilucted a local expl'css husiness. \\'itli Claude ]']. I<'ellj 
 nn<ler the tirni name of Fell i<.- Baker, \w engaged in 
 the manufacture of lirieks. This firm has, for seven 
 vears, hcen in existence, and gives cmploymi'nl to 
 seventy men. Mr. ]5aker has heen President of the 
 Ivjyptian Pottii-y Comjiany since its organization. This 
 curpui-atiuii w.-is organi/.cd in IMH, fur thi' mamifai-ture 
 uf sanitary ware, and has l)een successfully conducti'd 
 since that time. I[e is also connected with the Crescent 
 Prass Company, heing its Treasui'cr. In political life, 
 he is a lic]iulilican, and has Ijcen j>n>niinent as a caiiili- 
 datc fur elective honors. He was a])]>ointcd hy Mayor 
 .luseph P>. Shaw, a Democrat, as one of the Kepulpliean 
 memhers of the Fire Cununission in charge of the paid 
 lire department. He showed a marked interest while 
 ,in,;i,, ir livKM: connected with that important liranch of municij)al 
 
 alfairs. Ajiril '.Hh, ISl)."), lie was electeil Receiver of 
 Taxes hy a niajoiity uf 2,.'!.S(), in whi<h pusition he is at ]irescnt serving the city in a most ]iraise- 
 worlhy mamnr. l'"or several years Mi-. llaker was a mcmher of the uM Trentun Hose Coniiiany, 
 and servid with hunur as its President. 
 
310 
 
 THE CITY OF TRENTON. 
 
 Ill TciiiNsox Lkkiii was liorn in Bucks euunty, l'iiinsylv;mia, in ISIO. and nuivcd to ICwin}^ 
 townslii)). New Jersey, wlieii he was alxiut thirteen y(>ars of age. lie was a farniir's l)()y, reeciving 
 
 only a liniiteil ediieation. After servinj; for 
 nine months in Company 11, Twenty-lirst Re<;i- 
 meiit. New .leisiy N'ohniteers. lie came to 
 'I'renton in l>^l'i") and o|icne(l a irrocerv store at 
 thi' collier nl' ISrnad and I lanover streets. Israel 
 i liiidrieksoii was assoeiated with Mr. Lriidi in 
 tills Imsiiiess. 'I'his linn was eoiitinueil inilil 
 1 ^7'J. whrii the liiisine^s was sold to the Stapler 
 Krothers. The linn of 1 leiidriekson iV- l,(i;;li 
 next turned their attention to the iiiateh iii- 
 dustrv, which was then almost w liollv iinknown 
 in 'rrciitoii. They huilt a factory oii South 
 Stockton street ami commenced the maniifac- 
 ture of matches. 'l"wo years thei-cafter this 
 linn was dissolveil ami Mr. Lc-iizh carried mi 
 the eiiterpri>e hy himself until ISSH, wlieli he 
 (piit the husiness. Ahout INSO >rr. r>eiLdi in- 
 auLiuratcd another industry in Trenton, the 
 makiii!.' of jiapcr ho.xes. Tliis was a new husi- 
 ness in Trenton and it soon heeaine most profit - 
 ahlc. lie is also the proprietor of one of the 
 lai'Lic'st private hoanliiitr stahles in Trenton, 
 situated on South Stockton street, ahout a 
 sipiari' ahove the hox factory. Mr. I.eiLiii was 
 married in IM'ili to Sarah .M. Ilai't, of Kwinif 
 township. 
 
 IICTCHINsri.N 1,KI<JH, 
 
 MosKs (!oi.i)i.\(; was hoin in En.iilaml, on July 1 Ith. isi'.t. lie came to .\merica on Octolicr 
 •2<l, IS.jO, and located in Tr.'iiton. He received in Eiejlaml a thorou.uh conmion-.^ehool education, 
 su|ipleiiiciited hv an extensive course in mechanical drawintr. His first ]iosition in this country 
 was with the Fairmoiuit U.illin;: Mill, in I'eiinsylvania. He next went to (■iiieinnati. I. ut returned 
 and secured a iiositioii with the Caimleii and Amhoy llailroail Coniiiany, wliii-h he left to 
 accept a jiositioii with the Trenton Iron ('..mpaiiy. In IS.').") he coinmeiieed for himself the 
 ruiiiiin;:- of a general machiuc husiness, in which he continued until the clo^c of the late 
 w.-ir. Mr. Coldin- was married on Decianher '-'Ith, IS-'V.I, to Eli/.aheth C.M.k. of Eiii.dand. 
 He was a nieiiiher of the Comnioii Camcil of ( ■liamhershurt:. In ISlio he opened the lirst 
 Mint and s|.ar works of Tn'iitoii. and has since conducted liis husiness with success. He 
 lirst conducted it cntin'ly after Kn-lish methods. Later he conceived ideas of imiirove- 
 iiieiits on the Alsiiii;- cylinder -rimlini;- machine. His ideas were transfonned into models 
 and are now valuahle patents. .Viiothcr of Mr. ( h.ldiii'i's jiatents is a shaft for clay heds, 
 whii'h, like the .ylindcr improvements, is in practical use, and a source of lar.ire income to the 
 patentee. In l.ssi, his sons assoeiatinu' themselves with him, a company was fonned under the 
 name of The Coldinj: tV Sons Company. The eompaiiy runs three mills. One is in Trenton. 
 another in Ea.st Liverpool, Ohio, and the third in Ilockessin, Delawan'. The lloekessin mills 
 prejiare only china clay, which, togi'ther with the ColdiiiL's" Hint ami sjiar, is sliipi>ed to all jiottery 
 l)oint.s. The company is hy far the larjie.st of its kind in the I'nited States. The Tnntoii aii.l East 
 Liverpool uiills alone iirejiare flint and spiir. grinding the (|uarried rocks into a very line jiowder. 
 The material is obtained chiefly from France, England, I'enu.sylvania, New York and Maine. The 
 Trenton mill is a large iirick structure, with extensive <;rounds for storage of immense piles of the 
 raw material, located lietween the Water Power and the Delaware river, in the rt'ar of Thompson's 
 Hour mills, ^h: (Jolding's sons assoeiated with him are William, who is the Su]ierintemlent of tho 
 Trenton mills ; Edwin, of the Hoekcssin mills, and Mose.s, Jr., of the East Liverpool mills. 
 
r^ 
 
 
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 X 
 
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 ^% 
 
 
 Mo.^lvS lilll.llIMI. 
 
THE CITY OF TRENTON. 
 
 311 
 
 Chetwood Bird. — Tlic lato Clietwuoil Bird was lidrn in rniun (•(niiity. New Jcrscv, in Novem- 
 l)i'r, l.S3y. His (.'(luratii)ii was ac(|uin'il at tlic' distrirt sclmcl ;il Wdcidlii-idiii', u lien- iic' li-arncd the 
 carpentor trade. Ur latrr ((inducted tlic lundx-r luisincss at Kli/alictli. Cuniiiii: to 'i'Tcntdii al.diit 
 thirteen years aiid. he ]ii'(ijeeted a cai'iict-clcaiiinii otalilislmieiil. usinii U>f liiis )iur|i(ise a huildin,^ 
 on Factfjry street. As a novel venture, the success of the cntcr|iri-e, with its carefullv-(h-si,i;n<>d 
 machinery, was assured. Mr. Bird died Fehniary L'l'd, is'.t:;, since which time .Mr-, iiird lias car- 
 ried on the husiness with the assistance of Mr. F. ('. Hancock, the niauai;cr. Mr. I '.ird .served and 
 fought in Company B, Thirtieth New Jersey N'olunteers, secin<;- service for one vear. He attended 
 the First Presbyterian Church. He married, June I'Sth, ISi;."), Itachel S. Luster, of Elizaheth, New 
 Jersey. 
 
 TiroM.vs M. Terr.vdell was horn in Vardleyvillc. Pcmisylvania. in the year lS.")-_). Residini; 
 there for four years, he came to Trenton. His life is chcckcicd ami intcre-tiirj. startin;j as a hoot- 
 hlack and newsboy. Dm'inti the early part of 
 the late war his face was familiar to the soldier- 
 of Camp Perrine, where he spent much i^f his 
 time as a .Jack-of-all-tradcs. He then entered 
 a pottery. During the earlici- poi-tion of hi- 
 career he formed a strong attachment for liau 
 Rice, the veteran clown, and many a "luin" 
 the two men did at the circus. Itcturuing to 
 tlie more serious walks of life he mo\-c(l to 
 Lambertville and entered the employ of the 
 Pennsylvania Railroad Company a> lireman. in 
 which cajiacity he served on the eclchi-atcil 
 locomotive '" I'lclmont," one of the first in 
 America, and the mate to the " .lohimy Bull." 
 He afterward became the engineer of the same 
 engine. Altogetln^r he was an engineer seven- 
 teen years, during which jierioil he handled 
 coal, freiglit and ]iassenger trains. When he 
 left the railroad he cinbai-kecl in the wooil-sell- 
 ing trade. In those days the potteries hui-ne(l 
 wood, which they procm'cd from the wagons of 
 the farmers in the vicinity. .Mi'. Teiiadcll coii- 
 ceivc(l the idea of serving the various potteries 
 with this product, and his venture was a coni- 
 ])lete success. Later he built the Terradcll 
 Temperance House, at Hopewell, refuting the 
 
 idea that such a house would not ]iay. He neiMv-.M. i i 
 
 also owns the Terradcll Flats and the Tci-|-adell 
 
 Storage Warehouse, grain elevator and wood mill, and was President of the I'cmisylvania Itelief 
 Department for two terms at the time of its organization, and has .just hcen elccti'd again to that 
 ollicc for the third time. llcmarric(l Fninia Lorctta Leigh, of Ibipcwcll, New Jersey. 
 
 KnwiN H. (iiN.NKi.i.KV was horn in Trenton in \sC,\. He was ed\icate(l in N'irginia and was 
 
 graduated fr the Dental Deiiartmcnt of the National Cnivcrsity of Washington. D. C.. in ISSC. 
 
 The following year he came to Trenton and a^sociatcil himself with Dr. ilellyer, with whom lie 
 continued until December 1st. IS'.ti'. .\t that time he opened an ollice for himself at No. ■_'■". h'-ast 
 State street, second floor, where lie has a very large, comfortable waiting-room and a thorougldy- 
 cquippcd oj)erating-room. During the two years that he has lieen alone he has built up a very 
 large and lucrative ]iracticc, and has great rca.son to congratulate himself upon his success. On the 
 twenty-eighth of .\ugust, bS<)4, he was married to Mabclla L. i'ainter, of this city. Dr. (dnnelley 
 is a young man of a great deal of promise. He is genial and |ilcasanl in his niannci-, always genlle- 
 inaidy and considerate in his treatment, thoroughly skillol in all branches of his profession, and 
 very popular among the best class of people in the city. He is rapidly achieving the success which 
 all who know him felt sure would be his. 
 
312 
 
 THE CITY OF TRENTON. 
 
 William W. Stki.lk was bora iu l'liilailtl|)lii;i ii]icin tin- l^lli of Octuhur, l^."!!;. His early 
 oducatioii was ohtaiiu'd iu tho pulilic scliools nf that rity. WIk u a very younjjr man he rciudvcd 
 til I'rincL'ton, New Jersey, where he was a chik in a statii)iiery store. Soon thereafter 15aUiniore 
 
 hecanie his rcsiih'uee, wlicrc he acted in the same eajiacity, returninii' to Princeton after liavintr t n 
 
 awav two vears. Jn tlie year ISfJ.') lie entered Princeton Hank, liuMinj; a position as 'rcMcr. In 
 ISfiit Trenton saw him a resi(K'nt. and lieve he secm-ed a situation in tiie Mcclianics National Hank, 
 llis devotion to the interests of tli<' hank brouirht him the irood will of its oflicials. who steadily 
 iiromoted him. The |iositions of Receiving Teller. I'ayinii- Telhr and .\ssistant Cashier have all 
 
 heeii lille(l by Mr. Stelle, and cuhniiiated in his a|i])oint nt to the rrsponsihle ollice of Casluer. 
 
 whicli position he has held since ISS:? with threat credit to himself and profit to the hank. In tins 
 respect, Mr. Stelle has heeii coiniectc(l with the liaid< for more than a (|n.arti'r of a century. Xo 
 sooner was Mr. Stelle a resident of Trenton than he tonk an aitivi- interest in its welfare, lie 
 joined the Board of Trade and worked for the city's irrowth and piosperity with cominendalile /.cal 
 and earnest jun-jiose. For o\<'r twenty years he has Keen the .'^eci-etary of the Koanl. whicli fact 
 alone jiroves the esteem with which his services and personality aii' held hy his i'ellow-nienihers. 
 lie is a thorough .lerscvman. ami his line of ancestors on the paternal side <lates hack to 1()S2. when 
 Pontius Stelle came to this country from France, securing lands in what is now Piscataway town- 
 slii|j, in Middlesex county. New .Icrscy. ,V large part of these lands is still in ])ossession of the 
 Stelle familv. ^Ir. Stelle mari-icd in ISo'.t, and hail three children — two daughters and a son. l*'re<l- 
 crjcl^ — all of whom arc living. The latter rc'ccntly passeil a successful course of stmly at Princeton 
 College, studied law in New ^'ork and lately has heeii admitted to the hai' in that city. 
 
 C. ICnwAlMi Ml i.'i.'A'i' wa- horn iu l.amhert ville, 
 New .lcrse\-. .luly 17th. isii-'l, hut came to Trenton 
 liefo|-e he was two years old. lie was educated in 
 tlu' New .Icrscv state Model S<'hool and the Trenton 
 Pusiiicss College, and I'lirly in hfe engaged in manu- 
 facturing. In ISS'J his father, .1. Howard Murray. 
 starti-d a rul>her mill in this city. In 1SS4 C. ICdward 
 .Murray was admitted to the tirm. under tin/ name of 
 .1. Howard Murray ^- ."^on. remaining until IS^?. when, 
 hv the admission nf Mr. Itichard I!. W'hitihead. the 
 name of thelii'iii was changed to Mni-iay, W'hitehcail 
 A .Murraw For six years it was so continued. In 
 ISOo Charles K. Murray houglit the interests of the 
 other mciiiheis of the tirm. and has since conducted 
 the olalilishnicnt under the old name, hut is himself 
 the soil' proprietor. The husincss is eoiitined chiclly to 
 the rcclaimim: iif old ruhhcr. .Mr. Murray is also inter- 
 ested ill the Crescent Insulated Wire and Cahle Com- 
 paiiv. which was organized in ISHl. ami of which he is 
 <.iie of the heaviest stockholders. As a yotnig man. he 
 is extremelv active and ]iro.2ressivt'. .Mr. .Murray has served on the School Roard. lilling the 
 unexjiired term of llnraci' Riddle. Last siu'ing he was aiijiointcd City Clerk hy tln' ItcpuMic-m 
 Council. Ho has always taken an active interest in politics. In h^ss he was married to Floy, 
 daughter of Surrogate' .lohn W. Cornell. 
 
 Tuic T.WLOR Puovisio.x CoMP.wv, which is regarded as one of the most important of Trenton's 
 commercial interests, was organized in 1.S88, with ex-Senator .lohn Taylor, one of the hest-known 
 citizens of the State, as President, and his son, William T. Tayhir, as Secretary. The comi>any 
 makes a .sjjccialty of jmnlsions, fertilizer and live stock. In the manufacture of fertilizer, the 
 com])any huys the raw material and prepares it for the market. The trade of the comiiany extends 
 throughout New York, Pennsylvania and New Jersey. The liu>iness increases yearly ; last year 
 the sales aggregating $200,()0(). Their plant is located on Perrinc avenue, and is connected with 
 tlu Pennsylvania railroad hy a private siding. The two main departments arc the fertilizer ami 
 the jirovision huildings, the dimen.'^ions of the former hcing thirty-four hy one hundred and 
 twenty-five feet, and of the latter, thirty-tive hy one lnmdred and ten feet. 
 
 C. Kl>\\ -vuit An Ult.w . 
 
THE CITY OF TRENTON. 
 
 313 
 
 jAciir, T.. Kai'ics was lidni in Tri'iitim in llir yrai- |.s7I. After i;i'ai!ii:itin,i.r fnini tlir ]i\ililir 
 schodls, he cntiTcil the Trcntim Ili.uli Sclnnil. wlna-r liis l'"ni;lisli (MlucalidU was creilitahly C(ini- 
 ])li_'t('(l. He toiik a cdursc of instructiiMi in Stewart iV llanniinnirs llusincss ('dllciic, and u]ion 
 
 IraNillL; the latfel', lie cntiTcil till' ('ni|iluv nf Ills 
 
 fatliei', who was eniiairoil in a lai'Lix' wlmlesalc 
 anil retail trade in iivepared liani, sausage, t^-e. , 
 on I'rineeton avenue, cunaT nf Kuse street. 
 Here the knowledge lie had nlitaineil was jint 
 to a very practical test, to tlie end tliat ()etnlier 
 1st, 1S94, his father retired fmni aeli\-e worl^; 
 and left the younu' man, not yet ino|-e than 
 twenty-three years ohh the entire Imsiness. 
 .Mr. Kafes has an extensive traile in salt anil 
 fresh meats, jxmltryand kindred ediMes. His 
 father, Jaeoli Kafes, eanie tn 'rrentmi from 
 (iermany in 1S4I>. He leai-ned the huteher 
 hu.siness. and in ISHl i)|iened a stnre mi tlie 
 site now iieen|>ie(l hv his sun. lie is imu' 
 enL;a,L:ed in raisini:' thornnuhlired Imi'ses, haxinu' 
 j)urehased a stock farm nf mie linndnd and 
 twenty acres in Hamilton towiislii]i for that 
 jmrpose. He was a menilur ot ('omninn 
 t'oiincil for seven years and has served ten 
 years on the Board of Chnsen I''i-eeliiiiiiei-s. 
 
 Hti.ii M. Sw.w/.ic was Imrn in .Mon'is 
 
 county, New Jersey, July L'lst, 1S4'.). After 
 
 ol)taining a good edncation in the schools of 
 
 his neighhorliood, he learned marhie-eutting at 
 
 Hackettst(.)wn, New Jersey. In l.S7-_!. he came 
 
 to Trenton and worked at his trade. In 1S.S4, 
 
 lu' o|>enc(l a marhle-yard at Nos. 'JCi and '2>^ South Stoektun sti'eet, where he is at jiresent located. 
 
 After thirty years' practical cx|ierience as a niailile-wnrker. l\lr. Swayze is cnnspicuous for his skill 
 
 in execution and good taste in designing. In politics, 
 
 Mr. Swa\ze is a itcpuhlican and a mcmlier of tlu> City 
 IJe|iuliliean I'^xecutivc Connnittec. He is now serving 
 a seciind teliii on the lloai'd nf (lioscu Freeholders. 
 
 .\^'rIln^^• A. Skiiim was lini-n in 'i'rentnn, (.)ctoher 
 
 |.;tli, ISII. lie was educated ilia private school and 
 
 also in the |iiil)lic M-honls and the llutgers (irainniar 
 
 School, of Ne\\ lliunswick. lie later entered Fish \- 
 
 (ireen's saw mill, where he remained until ISIJ], 
 
 when he enlisted in Company C, Third New Jersey. 
 
 .\s a l!epiihlican, Mr. Skirin has helil several jnililic 
 
 ^L --sii^iiHL positions. I le was .\ssessor for the Second ward from 
 
 ^^^^f^K ^^^^T^^ '''^''~ '" '"""'■ '" '■'""'' '"' "''^ clccti'd to Comnron 
 
 ^^HB^ '^^^JB^^^^ Council fnr three years, and was re-elected for a similar 
 
 ■^^BS^ \ ■'^^^^^^^BP^ I,,, -III j,| \s~\). Again, in 1SS7, he was a mcnilier of 
 
 Cnuncil, He was chaii-man of the special committee 
 appointi'd locstahlish a system of lire alarms for Trenton, 
 and was deeply interested in the electric light am] city 
 raihvav svstems. Trenton owes much of its improved 
 condition to Mr. Skirm. In h^S!) he w;is I'lccted .Mayor, 
 ficrving for two years, and in April, ]S'.)i2, he was appointed hy Mayor I'.echtel as a mcml)er of the 
 Board of Puhlic Works. On Deeemher 2;}d, I Sill, he mairicd Kachcl .Myer.s, of New Brunswick. 
 
 Hl-iiH M. S\v.\v/.l-: 
 
314 
 
 TlIK CITY OF TRENTON. 
 
 Thomas Ekiilix Raub was l>oni in Easton, Pennsylvania, in ISoO. He was cilucateil in the 
 ])ul)lie schdols of Easton anil afterward at the Eastman ]5usiness C'olle,<re, in I'ouglikeepsie, New 
 York. For several years lu' was telegra]>h operator and ticket agent at Pliillipsl)ur<r and Stoekton. 
 In ISS"), lie was transferred l>y the conijiany to tlie \\'arren street station, Ti'enton. For six years 
 lie was tlie faithful representative of the eompany. Tiring of railroad life, he resigned, and in 
 Mareli ISUl, he fdi-nieil a pai'tuershi]) with Asher \\'ilson undn- the tii'iu name cif Wilson i\: Raul). 
 This firm handleil coal and hundle kindling-wood, and was sueeessftd. Latrr, tliry <iiss(ilvrd ]iart- 
 nersldp, when Mr. Rauh removed the husiness to tlie ol<l stand, 8"_'<i I'erry sti-i-rt. wiiere he is still 
 located. Mr. I'auh is a itepuhUian, hut not an aetive ]iartisan. Ho is Past Master of Ashlar 
 Lodge, No. 7(i, F. an<l A. -M., an<l is also Past Itegent of the Capital City Cduniil. No. :)!)2. Royal 
 Areanum. He is a nuMuher of the Third Preshyterian Cliureh, and an artivc worki-r in the ehureh 
 and Young i'eo])lr's Society. In 1874, he married Helen Datesman, of ICaston, Pennsylvania. 
 Thev have four children. Maurice ])., Anna l^iizalictli. .1. Staidey and Helioi. 
 
 #^ 
 
 .ToUN II AW rnoit.N was horn in England in Noveniher. 1S,",2. He located in 'i'l'enlon in l.S(iS, 
 when ,\merican ]Hitting was making its lirst suhstantial steps. l'"or twenty years, in iMigland, Mr. 
 
 Hawthorn had Ihm'ii huilding pottery kilns. His life 
 stud\- lias Keen that ll'ade which has heen followeil hy 
 liis family for two and a half centuries. In fact, he is 
 the oldest English kiln-huilder in this country. .Vll 
 the .\ineriean kiln-lmildei's hi're served under him as 
 a]iprentii-es. Pronnnently identilied with kiln-huild- 
 ing in .\merica, he has the distinction of liaving huilt 
 all the older kilns in Ti'cnton. In England, in lS(iO, 
 ^Ir. Hawthorn invented a hot-air condiustion kiln, for 
 which he made a r(>putation. His most notahle work 
 i~ tlie iiniiition of the hydro-cai'li<iu kiln, jiatenteil 
 in England and .\nierica in IS'.H, 'ruilve of these 
 remark.ahlc kilns ai-e in operation. .Mr. Hawthorn 
 studied livilrogeii as one of the most inipoitant inllam- 
 mahlc -\ilistances, yet one the least used. He was ini- 
 jiressed with the scientilic fact that a large percentage 
 of heat fi-ohi fuel uselessly i-scapcs. The coinliiued 
 action of steam and air supjilicd in the kiln is c-dcu- 
 lated to clTcct a great saving of fuel. The liydrogen. 
 comhiued with the carhon of the coal, produces a heat 
 designed to thoroughly hake potti'ry. largely reducing 
 the losses from cracked ware, preserving tlie color and eliminating crazing. .Mr. Hawthorn has 
 his residence an<l ollice at o'l-l Perrv street. 
 
 .Ti'tiN H AW rilnicN 
 
 Maimin Ki:i;<^.\.n. Si;., was liiuii in li-eland in \^-V>. and came to .\merica in 1S.')2. He li>eated 
 in Trenton, and worked tifteen years as a machinist for Cooper. I lew ilt A' Company. For three 
 years following, he was witli ['\>Un\ &: Miller, hardware dealers, who weri' loeateil in the store now 
 occupied hy F. S. Katzenhach it Comjiany. C<io]ier. Hewitt it Comjiany also employed him to 
 travel in their interest. In 1^711, he started in the coal husiness. which he suci'essfully operated for 
 six year.s. Entering upon the calling of contractor for street paving, he lai<l some of the lirst 
 Telford )i;ivemenl in the city of Trenton. When the old City I'.ailway Company was in operation, 
 Mr. Keegau was made tlie Assistant Superintendent and held the situation several years. Hi' is a 
 Democrat in i>olitics and takes an active interest in his jiarty. In the years lSi;S-71, lie was a 
 inemher of the Common Council, during which time he was Chairman of the Law and Ordinance 
 Committee. In 1>^71, he was elected a niemhcr of the Hoard of Freeholders. He was apjiointed 
 Street Commi.ssioner in 1.S74 and held the position two years. For five years he acted as Justice 
 of the Peace, and since ISSi) has served on the City Hoard of .Vsscssim's. He is connecteil with 
 the Mi'i-cer County Democracy, and served on the City and County Democratic I'"xecutive 
 Committees. 
 
Thomas E. Raub. 
 
THE CITY OF TREXTOX. 
 
 315 
 
 I, oris ('nrTiKi! was lMirn in ( MTiiiaiiy. .Marrli 17lli. I>i47. His paroiits removed to (his countrv 
 
 wlieli he was (Jlily six years of aue. ami loealril in l'liilailc'l|iliia, wlierc lie allrnileil tlie pulilic 
 
 schools for several yi^ars. W'lieii tlie ('i\-il war lu<ike 
 
 out lie enlisted for three years a~ dniniincr iioy in ('oin- 
 
 jianv I, SeN'enty-seeond Keginient, l'ennsyl\ania \'ol- 
 
 unteers, luit liis parents olijeeted so stronL;ly on account 
 
 of his age — fourteen years — tliat lie was honoralily ili^- 
 
 charged after serving aliout lifteen months. Prior to 
 
 liis enlistment, lie was learning the harher trade, and 
 
 aftc^r his discliarge from the army he went to Xew York 
 
 C'itv and again took uji that trade, lie worked as .jour- 
 
 nevman several years, and then ojiened a shop in Xcw 
 
 "^'otk ( it V, whiili he conducted almut four yt-ars. In 
 
 1^71. he came to Trenton and opened the "Trenton 
 
 House liarlier Simp,'" where he is still locat<'d. Mi-. 
 
 C'outier has figured prominently in political circles. 
 
 He was Excise License Inspector four years, I'olice.his- 
 
 tice 1886-87, Coroner of ]\Iercer county in IS'.IO, and 
 
 re-elected Police .lustii-c in 1S94, which position he is 
 
 at present filling. He was made an active memlier of 
 
 the old Trenton Hose Comjiany in 1S7l*, and lat<'r was 
 
 elected its Foreman and Assistant Chief of Fiic Dcjiart- 
 
 ment. l.s7li-77. ^Ir. Coutier is a popular and leading 
 
 memlier of the numerous (lerman societies and organizations of this city. He is President of 
 
 the Social Turn-\'erein. Treasurer of the Faeilertafcl Singing Society, a memher of the Lieder- 
 
 kranz and T'nited (leiinan Singing Societies, the Sa'iigerliund, East Trenton Maanierchor and the 
 
 Schw;eliisclier Volksfcst X'crcin. He is also a mendier 
 of the Indeiicndent Order of Odd Fellows, Knights of 
 Pythias, Volunteer Fire Association, honorary mendier 
 of the Xcw Jersey State Fire Association, memher of 
 the Trenton Benevok'ut Society of Scci-ct Orders, and 
 the ^fercer County Democratic Cluh. in .March. ISO."), 
 he was married to Eliza Hernhart, of Mal.awan, New 
 .lersev. Foin- sons and one daughter have lieen horn 
 to them. 
 
 li")ris t.'dr'iiKU. 
 
 .Iacoi; C. ;\rAri,i' was horn at I'msjiect Plains, 
 New .lersev, Maivh -I'.'A, IS-Jo, and soon removed 
 to Piin<'eton, where his lioyhood and youth were 
 spent. lie i-eecivcd his education at a iirivate 
 school in I'rini-cloii. He early developed a liking for 
 nieclianieal work. and. through his ahility and skill in 
 handling tools, he hecamc expert in working in wocjd. 
 .\l one time he thought .seriously of learning the jew- 
 elrv trade, for which he showed considci'ahlc apti- 
 tude. .\liandoniiig this project, he came to Trenton 
 .and studied dentistry. In IMl' he hecamc apprenticed 
 to Dr. .Matthews. Foster, .\fter serving Ki'. Foster for four year>. he wa^ <-ontinue(I in the otlice 
 and lal.oratory as operator and workman for another four years. In IM'.) he started an ..llice for 
 himself, instate street, nearly opjiositc the present Post Oilice huilding. in ISdO lie removed to 
 his recent locati.m. No. 7 Wc-t Stat.' street, and now resides at No. Kto W.st State street. For 
 many years Dr. .Maple was one of the leading dentists in Trenton. Alxuit live years ago lie gave 
 uj) the practice of operative dentistry. He has made several improvements in the methods of 
 dentistry, hut, as he is a generous and lil.cral man, he has freely given the j.rofcssion tlie heiiefit 
 of his discoveries. Dr. .Majilc is the oldest original memher living, exi-ept one, of the Thu'il 
 Presbyterian Church. 
 
 .lA< ..!■. C. M \rl,l-. 
 
316 
 
 THE CITY OF Ti;i:.\T()X. 
 
 \\'ii.i,iA.M Jl. Lee wa.s Ijorii in the county n 
 educated in a country school, and worked on a fa 
 
 William II. Lke. 
 
 f Mercer, New Jersey, in tlie year 18-12. He was 
 rni until ho was seventeen years of age. Then he 
 came to Trenton and learned the cariK'uter 
 trade with Charles Xutt. with whom he served 
 two years. Soon al'ti^r the Hehellion com- 
 menced Mr. Lee enlisted as private in Coni- 
 jiany B, Fourteenth Reginu-nt, New Jersey 
 N'ohintcers. The Fourteenth served three 
 yeai-s, through the hloodiest engagements, and 
 was in ahcjut thirty liattlee and skirmishes. Of 
 the 950 men mustered, all tliat returned were 
 liut '2S0. Mr. Lee conducted hims<'lf witli 
 uoticeahle courage; and hravcry. ;uid won hon- 
 iiralilc ]>romotion, c<iming home as Sergeant. 
 .Vt'tei- the close of 1h( war .Ml-. i>ee returned to 
 his trade, wdrking foi- Tiins A' Conrad, and, 
 later, liccoming foreman for William (Juick, 
 which position lie occupied fur sixteen years. 
 i-^ix yc'ars ago he started in husiness for him- 
 r-ilf. liut, two years since, took a jiartuer — .Mr. 
 i'lirson — doing a ti'acle as carpenters and huild- 
 rrs and jicneral cunti'actors midcrthelirm name 
 of Peirson A" Li'c. in .May. IMil. Mv. i.ii' was 
 .ippninted IJuililing ]hs])ectoi- for the cit\' of 
 I'reiiton. Ilis practical knowledge of the 
 liuil<ling trade makes him a most excellent 
 ollicial. Ill I'^fiT. lie marrii'd I-'stlicr L. Law- 
 rence, of Lawreiiceville. 
 
 F.n\v.\i;n lL\i(iiis Stokes came to Trenton in 1S40 from Moore.-^town, Burlington comity, New 
 Jersey, where he was horn. l''or a nuniher of yi'ars he was one of the leading photographers and 
 picture dealers of this cit\'. lie also served the city as a nieiiilier of the School lioanl for a long 
 time and was President of that hody for live years. For a long term he was a memher of the 
 Board of Watta- Commissioners. Mr. Stokes is one of the oldest Odd Fellows in this city, having 
 joined Trenton Loclge. No. .'!. ahont fifty years ago. lie has since transferri'd his luemhcrship to 
 Fred. I). Stuart Lodge. No. l.")4. Some time after coming to Trenton Mr. Stokes married l\'rmelia 
 S., daugliter of ex-Mayor J()se])li Wood, of Trenton. Since IStiO, ^Ir. ami Mrs. Stokes have resided 
 in that historic mansion on South A\"arreii street known as " Woodlawn." Here six children have 
 t)een horn to them, only three <if wlioiii are now living. Their only daughter. Marion II., is now 
 the wife of Charles Swan, of I'liiladelpliia. Their two sons, Edward Ansley and .John Woolverton 
 Stokes, are ])roniinent young men in this city, the former a memher of the legal fraternity and the 
 latter a real estate hroker. "Woodlawn'' has heen the home of very many prominent j)eoj)le, 
 among whom may he mentioned the family ipf Treiits. .lolni Cox, a drsceiidant of Governor Cox; 
 Governors ]\Iorris, Diekerson and Price, Mr. .lames M. Uedinoiid, Mr. .los(|ili Wood, ex-]Mayor of 
 this city, and the jiresent owner. Nearly all of the celehratrd nun of this emmtry. from 1720 to 
 the jiresent, have heen entertained in this hospitahle home. The Ikiusc was rebuilt as early as 
 1720, tlie brick used in its construction being imjiorted. In tliose days the property formed ipiite 
 an estate, comprising over two hundred acres, and was called Kingsbury, a name which was later 
 clianged to Bloomsliury. Gradually it has been reduced to its present j>ro))ortioiis, wliicli are still 
 am](le. The name "^\'oodIawn" is. indeed, very a])i)roi)riate, for the beautiful lawn is thickly 
 covered with noble trees, many of them ]ilanted nearly two centmaes ago. 
 
 John Wooi^vehtox Stokes, youngest son of Ivlward II. Stokes, Esquire, of " ^\'oodlawn," 
 was liorn in that historic Trent mansion in ISGi). He was educated at the Trenton High School 
 and later took a thorougli course at Riders Business College. In 1888 he ojiened a real e.-^tate and 
 insurance oflico in the Trenton Saving Fund Society building, where he is at present located. 
 
Kiiw AUi> H. r^i'-\< 
 
THE CITY OF TRENTON. 
 
 317 
 
 In cciiinrTticin with real rslalc ami iiisuraiii-c iiialt<'i-s, lie i-c|in'sc'iits liis fatlirr in tlio latter .s exten- 
 sive local property intirrsts. in cullrctinii- rents. insui-iiiL; |ii-(i|icrtirs. nriiotiatinji- loans, invest- 
 inii- money and liuyin-i' and selliui: stocks, Mr. Stokes has a lariic rlicntaiic. He is a I)ireet<ir of 
 the Standard Fire Insurance ('oni|iany. lie is fond of hm-scs and lias a tli(ironL;hly-c(|iii])|iccl 
 stahle. In social life .Mr. Stokes is well known not only in 'i'nntoii Imt in .\ew York and I'hiladel- 
 jihia, in the lattei- city hcinu a nieinhei- oF the ( icrniantown Ciiekel Chili. In musical eircles ho 
 liijoys a i-e|intation as a vocalist, and has organized an amateur company of talenteil Tri'ntunians, 
 wiio give evening entei'tainnicnts in the vicinity of the 
 capital. He is also the possessor of much histrionic 
 ahility. 
 
 .T.\cor> lU.ArTii was lioi-ii in (iermany, ,\pi'il (llli, 
 1849, and eanie to the l'nite<l Stati's on .\pril I'Jth. 
 lSo5, settling in Trenton, Centre Street I'liMic School 
 furnished him hi- ediii;itioii. In ]SIV2. desiring to 
 ae(illire a trade, he entered lln' >liop of a llaiio\-ei- 
 street harher. In .^hlreh, 1^7'-', he opeiieil a shop 
 of his own at No. 1-") Ccntii' stieet, which he has 
 since successfully condnclcil. lie resides at ooo .^outli 
 Ih-oad strr'et. Politically .Mr. I'.lantli is a I >enioci;it. 
 He was elected a niendier of Conniion Council in ISS-'l. 
 ser\ing until l.SSG. The lirst yeai' of his ollieial life he 
 served on the Poor Committee, was on the Printing 
 Committee the sei-oiiil, and tlii' tliini was place(| on the 
 City Hall Coniniittee. discharging his duties ci<dil,il)ly. 
 He was again honored in l.S'.i;; hy his election on the 
 F.xcise Board, and is now its presiding ollieer. 
 
 IIk.nhv .1. Buirns was horn in Wiightstowii. .Vcw .Ti'rscy. in is.").'i. Kaiiy developing a tahait 
 
 for music he was given a few lessons on the organ. .Vfterward he walked io I'.ordciilow n, a distance 
 
 ot si.\ miles or more, to take lessons from a inusic- 
 
 ^ teacher there When a young man of nineteen he 
 
 took the agency for an organ and traveled tlii'ougli 
 Pinlington county, giving lessons and selling organs. 
 .\t till' same lime he was organist in the Jaeohstown 
 Paptist Chm'ch. In issi) he opened a music stoi'c in 
 .Mount Holly and is slill llie pinpi-jctor of ,-i large husi- 
 ncss there. .Soon aflei- this he opened a hranch store 
 at .\sl>ni'y Park and (hat store is still unilia- his control. 
 In ISS'.I he came to Trenton ami openeil a music store 
 here. On account of its gi'cat popularity as a musical 
 rcsoi't his store has come to he known as the "Palace 
 of .Music.'' (iuite recently he lias removed to the largo 
 an<l elegant store Xo. P!l) ICast State street. He is not 
 only a musician of tin- highest order hut he is also a 
 singci- of recognized aliility. For some time lie lia.s 
 lieen the hass soloist of the choir ill llic State Street 
 .Nlcthoilist Kpiscojial Chui'ch and Musical Director in 
 the Sunilay-school of that churcli. His services are in 
 demand as leailer of singing at conventions and other 
 )iul)lic meetings. Ho is a niemher of tiie Mondel.s.sohn 
 Choral Inion, and a memixr and Steward of the St;ito 
 
 Street Methodist Episcopal Church. In 1S7S Mr. P.urtis married Carrie C. .Jolies, of I'ointville, 
 
 New Jersey. Thoy have had eight children, six of whom are living. 
 
 IlKN'UV .1. BCHTIH. 
 
31S 
 
 THE CITY OF THEXTOX. 
 
 John W. CouNKi.L was born in Kwinji townslup, Mercer (■(Hiiity, N'l'w .lrr<cy. in ls|l. lie 
 received his earlv edueation at country schools and was afterward a student at W'ilKraliani. .Massa- 
 chusetts, and other seminaries. He taught school ahout four years, ami in ISi;.") came to Trenton 
 and engaLred in the real estate business, whic'h he conducted for aliout four years more. He ne.\t 
 engaged in the sale of agricultural implements and seeds. lie was in this business for fifteen years, 
 being located on North Warren street, one door south of the Trenton House. When he entered 
 the l)usiness the lirm name was Hlackwcll it Coni]iany. It so eontinueil for two years, wiun it 
 became .1. W. Cornell i»i- Comiiany, and consisted of Mr. Cornell and Mr. M. II. Tomlinson. In 
 1SS4 Mr. Cornell disposed of his interest in the business to Mr. Tondinson. .Mr. Cornell was 
 elected Surrogate of Mcrci'r comity in IS.'^l. and is now serving his third ti'i'in in that oliice, having 
 
 been re-elected in IS'.'l by .'), OS!) majority. He served 
 as Assessor of the l'"irst ward for a numlier of years, 
 and has long been a ineiiiber of the Tn'iiton Board of 
 Trade. In l-Sfi.") Mr. Cornell married Alice (ialc, of 
 ( 'uinlierlaiid cnunty. 
 
 CiiAiM.Ks \. I!i;iii was Imrii in Midillcscx county, 
 New .lersey. in ISoi;. lie came to Ti-ciitoii in ISSO^ 
 and entered a grocery store, wliere he workecl seven 
 vears. lieing iiiterc>st(^d in ]iolitics. in .January. ISSS, 
 he |inirurc(l the position of CI. rk of the City District 
 (■lurt, and in June of the same year was ai)iiointed 
 to liis jireseiit position. Secretary and Treasurer of the 
 board of Watii- Coiimiissioiiers. In .\pril lie entered. 
 a> partner, the wholesale grocery tiriii of llrowii. Stout 
 A- Companv, and is still partner in that concern. In 
 the vcar \s'.)-2 he was united in marriage to Miriam W. 
 banning, daughter of Joseph Y. Lanning, Esipiirc. 
 LH.Mu.K. A. KK,,.. President of the Broad Street National Bank. 
 
 Cii.\i!i.i:s 1'. Knvo.N- was liorn at Morrisville. Pennsylvania, July I'.tth, bSJl. His education 
 was obtained at the ])ulilie ,<ehool. .\t the age of fourteen he entered the dry goods and grocery 
 store of Isaac' Parsons, in Morrisville. In Pliilailel- 
 phia, at the age of eighteen, he found employment 
 in a ci)achmaking factory. .Vftcr llnishing this trade 
 he procured a ])ositioii stocking lilies at the Arms 
 and Ordnance Works, in Ti-eiitoii. lb' next learned 
 pattern-making. He again maile Philadelphia the 
 scene of his laiiors. but soon came to Trenton at the 
 solicitation of Charles Carr, then of the Phrenix Iron 
 Works. After a year he was olTered the jiosition of 
 foreman at the pattern shoji of the New Jersey Steel 
 and Iron Com]ianv, which jiosition he has held ever 
 since. In politics Mr. Kitsoii is a Democrat. In b'^iSl 
 hi' was elected to Council from the Fourth ward, served 
 on the Finance Committee and the eonunittee that had 
 charge of the remodeling of the City Hall. In ISS:] he 
 was made President of Council, luit in the following 
 year he refused another nomination. ^Ir. Kitson is a 
 member of South Trenton Lodge, No. oG, Independent 
 Onler of Odd Fellows, and lias fille<l all its otiices. He L 
 was also a charter member of Knights of Pythia.s Lodge 
 No. ?, of Philadelphia. In 1894 Mayor Shaw ai)])ointed 
 -Mr, Kitson as Police Commissioner. I'pon the completion of the term he was re-ap|ioiiiteil by 
 the ]irt'sent Pepubliean Mayor, Hon. Emory N. Yard, and is still sc'rving in that capacity. In 
 lb(J3 ho married Andrcss G. Mitchell, and has three children, two sons and one daughter. 
 
 Cmaui.ks p. Kitson. 
 
J(IHN W. COBNELL. 
 
THE CTTY OF TRENTON. 
 
 319 
 
 ^ >\ V III AN (.'itXDN, SK. 
 
 Jonathan C'oxcin, Sr., was Ihh-ii in Kn-hniil. AultusI .''1st. ISIiT. Ho cainf- to .\incri(;a at tho 
 
 age of seven. liM-itiiiii- in .lerscy City. wIhtc lie resided several years. He attended tlie .lersev City 
 
 ])ulilie selidiils. I'lieuee he nmved tn llaltinmre, sunn 
 
 returninu U< .lersey City. Healsn lived eiiiliteen iimntlis 
 
 in Benningtim. \'erniiiiit. Finally lie eanie In "Prenlnii, 
 
 in 18G3, and liavinu' a kniiwledi;e uf the |intter\- hnsi- 
 
 ness he heeanie foreman nf tlie Cnxcm iV- Tliiini|i,-un 
 
 Enijiire ]iiitterv. 'Mv. Cuxcm then aeee|ited siniilai- 
 
 pdsiticins with the Ott i\: ]>rewer Cmnpany ami the 
 
 Mercer piittery. He .suhse([Uently was ((iniieeted with 
 
 the Greenwood Puttery Company, Ueini;- ti'udered 
 
 the position of (General Manager fni- the International 
 
 Piitterv C(im]iany. he aei'epteil the pnsitinn, wliieh he 
 
 later relinquished to lieconie ^Manufacturing Manager 
 
 for the Ott t*i: l^rewer Company. The increasing demand 
 
 fur decurative ami nrnaniental pottery ]ii-oin|ited Mi-. 
 
 Coxon to Di'gani/.e the Ceramic .\rt ('nnipanw and asso- 
 ciating with him some of Ti-enton's most inllnential 
 
 citizens a corpoi'ation was formed, with .Mr. Co.xon as 
 
 President and Walter S. Lenox Secretary and Treas(u-ei-, 
 
 Mr. Coxon was a niemher of Common Cmuicil for three 
 
 years, and foi- three terms reiiresiaited the First ward 
 
 on the ]ioard of Freeholders, Keing Hirector of the 
 
 hoard for two years. He is now a memliei'of (he I'ai'k Commission, ha\ing heeii I'e-.ippointed at 
 
 the expiration of his lirst term. In |Militics .Mr. Coxon is a IJe|inliliean. lie was oni' of the organ- 
 izers and is a Past :Master of Fraternal Lodge, No, 1:1'.), Free and .\ccepted .Masons. In l.S.")i) .Mr. 
 
 Coxon mariied Hannah .Joshua, of l-aigland. 
 His sons follow the trade of iheii- father. 
 .Mr. Coxon i~ a \eteranof the lati' war, having 
 gone to till- front as a private in Conipany .\, 
 T\\ cnty-lirsl New .lersey X'ohmtecrs. .\ftcr nini' 
 miiutlis in the army he reeeiveil an honorahle 
 disch.'irge. He is an active memher of .\aroii 
 Wilkes I'osI, No. 2;!, (i. A. 1!., and is also a 
 memlii r of Company .\, Seventh Kegiment. 
 National (lu.ird of .New .Jersey. 
 
 Uviiox V. (IrxsoN was born in England, 
 coming to ,\mei'iea at the age of fifteen. He 
 settled in New .lersey, and for a year workcil on 
 a farm, Tlic following year he was clerk in a 
 eonntr\- ~loi-e. He s]ient one year in Iowa ami 
 another in Minnesota. Removing to Butte 
 (it v. .Montana, he engaged in the clotliing 
 Ir.idc, and in the course of his wanderings has 
 xi^itrd and wurked in Deadwoixl City. Coln- 
 lado : (lalvesloii, 'I'exas ; California. Kansas. 
 Davton. Ohio; i'ittshurgh, Pa., .and Dakota, 
 linalK- locating in Trenton in .\prij, l.S,S4. 
 Securing a ]iosition with Richard .\. ])unne]ly 
 A- Companv as thinl salesman, his enterprise 
 sdiin made liim the held salesman of tlieeslali- 
 lishmenl. Lallei'ly, he liccamc its manager, 
 which position he tilleil for ten years. In 
 
 Oclolier. JS'.M. he purcliasi'd from Ki.liard A. Donnelly the entire stock of clotliing, and conducts 
 
 his husiiiess in tlie ucll-known Opera House store. 
 
 H\ ito.N F. (Jl-nson. 
 
120 
 
 THK CITY OF TRENTON. 
 
 Thomas Smith Stevkns, D.D.S., son of Israel 15. Sdvciis and Joannah 1'. Smith, was horn 
 in Lawrcnt-c township, I*\'l)rnary 8(1, ISoT. His ])atrrnai ami maternal ancestors \vi;re among the 
 first settlers of New .Icrsev. Pxith families were large lainluwiirrs in what is now Lawrence town- 
 ship, pan of this property heing still in the possession of the family. While cpiitc young Dr. 
 Stevens graduated from the Lawrenceville Classical and Connuereial High School. He studied 
 dcntistr\- with Dr. .1. M. i)a\is. fur many years the leading dentist inTrentun. 1 »r. Stevens took 
 a comjilctc course in tln' Tcnnsylvania College of Dental Surgci-y, also in Dr. D. I laycs Agncw's 
 I'hiladelphia School of .\nalomy. and graduated froui tlic I'cnnsyhania College n{ Dental Surgery 
 in \X(\2. .M'ter his gradiiaiiuii li<' and Dr. I'orter succec'ded Dr. Davis and carried im the liusiness 
 for Ihi-ec nr foin- years under the iianie "f Stexcns iV: Porter. .Miout this t'wwr Dr. Da\-is pnrcliased 
 i)r. Porter's interest and tlic lii'm hccame Davis A- SlevcMis and su remained foi- ten yeai's. Then 
 Dr. Stevens started for himself, and has Keen in the active practice of his profession until the present 
 lime. He was Cajitain of Company .\, Seventh Ih'gimcnt of the National (Uiard, for several years. 
 
 He takes great interest in all matters jji'rtaining to natural history, es]ieeially niicroseopy, in 
 which departuicnt he is a skillful investigator, and has written many valuaMe papers, among whicli 
 is "An .Vnalvtical Kev to the (lencra and S]iecies of the Potifei-a " or wlu'id animalcules, pulilished 
 in the ''.hnu'nal of the Trenton Natural History .'^nciity" and re])uhlisheil hy the "American 
 Micr<is<Mipical .InLu-nal,"' Washington, D. (.'. So scarce are the works on this interesting and 
 w<inderful familv of animated spheres ( in which teeth, stomach, muscles and even hrain lie hidden 
 in the compass of an invisililc mote ) that there has hern a demand for this ki'V hy investigators in 
 this liranch. not onlv in this, hut in many foreign counlrii's. lie was one of the organizers of 
 till' Trenton Natural IIistoi-y Society, and was its President for many years. Dr. Stevens" husiness 
 aliility has heen recogin/ed hy his fellow-citizens. From \s'(; to ISSl he lilh'd the ])osition 
 of Citv Ti-casurcr with great satisfailion to the people. He was one of the organizers of the Broad 
 Street liank. and lias heen one of the Directors since its organization. In ISC,.") he married Sarah 
 S.. daughter of the late .Tames .\. Phillips, of Lawrence townshiji, and they n^iile at No. i) South 
 liroad stri'ct. Dr. Stevens has heen very successful in tin- pi'.icticc of his pi-ofession. 
 
 .lo.N.vr H.V.N CoxoN, son of Charles and .Mai-y Coxou. was horn at Loiigton. Statfoi-dshirc, luig- 
 land, .inly ■'>{]). 1N4:1. He came with his ]iarents to .\iiiivic.-i in Isp.). and located at Paltimore, 
 
 Marvland. (■radiiating from the gi'animai' school at 
 the age of thirteen, he entered Peniiett's ipieensware 
 mamifaetorv. at P.altimore. In |S.")S Charli's Co.xon 
 m.anufaet m-ed IJockin'jham anil yellow-ware at South 
 .\inlio\- hut soon returned |o P.allimoi'e. In |S(i:! the 
 I'annK' came to Trenton .and the eldei' Coxon, umler a 
 
 firm nai if Coxon iV: Thompson, mannfai'tui-ed C. C. 
 
 and w 1 lite gia nit e. ( )n the ilcath of Charles Coxon. in 
 
 ISIiS. the management of the Imsiui'ss fell to .Iimathan 
 
 Coxon. The Mercer |iotti'ry at that time lieing in 
 
 course of i'i-ectioii. Mr. Thompson sold his intei-est in 
 
 the Coxon \- Thompson pottei-y to Patenian i^- Darrali, 
 
 and with .lonathan Coxon entereil the new concern. 
 
 Mr. Coxon heeame the tirst .Managci- employed at the 
 
 MiTeer pottery and manufaetm-ed the lii'st hodies and 
 
 glazes. While employed here he returned lo Coxon t^' 
 
 Company's ]iotlei-y to act as attorney for his mother's 
 
 half interest. This jiositioii was hi'ld until the jiottery 
 
 was sold to .\lpaugli iV .Magowan. .\t that time the 
 
 - name was changed to the ••Fanpire." Mr. Coxon was 
 
 instructor of line arts in the l''aience .\i-t Company, of 
 
 Hrooklyn. Later at the Clasgow pottery he was (icn- 
 
 eral Superintendent. In a few years he had formed a jiartnership with .lolm Lenekel and .\ndre\v 
 
 Cochran to niaiuifaeture sanitary and phnnhing supplies. The name •• Eiiuitahlc " was given this 
 
 plant. !Mr. Co.xon liad full management of the hody and glaze departments. .\t the end of live 
 
 JoS.VTll.vN Co.Vo.N. 
 
Thomas s. stkvkns 
 
THE CITY OF TRENTON. 
 
 321 
 
 yciirs (if succ<'ssfnl liusincss tlicy sold llidr interest Id tlic 'I'mitmi I'otlcrv Sviiilicatr. He is now 
 i-etireil. In l.S(i5 lie luarrieil Einiua, (hmjihter of the late Klias 1». Warner. Four children iiave 
 Keen Ixirii to thorn — Harry E., M'alter F., ('<ira A. and Ciiarlotle M. Harrv K. is interi'stecl in the 
 IJrian-Coxon pottery. Tlie plant is devoteil to the niannfaeture of poivelain hath and laundrv tuhs, 
 sinks, i**.-!-., and is known as the Hamilton I'oivelain Works. 
 
 John Haut Hukwer was horn in llnnlerdon eoinity. .\ew Jersey. March 2i)th, 1S44. Hisearlv 
 education was received at the Trenton .\cadeniy anil the i.awreliceville Classical and ( 'omnicrcial 
 High Schoiil. In !><(;■_' he was graduat.'d from the Delawaiv Literary I n.-titute. at Franklin. New 
 York. The followinL; year he entered upon his Im^iness careei- in liilhi. N.-w ^"ork. In IMi") hi' 
 came to Ti-eiiton and eniiaged in the pottery lni-iness. The name of the lii'm was I'.loor. OtI A' 
 Hrewer. ainl theii- plant was just heyonil tin' 
 Stone llridge, in that part of the cit\- known 
 as Millham. He continued to he a mendiei- 
 of the linn opi'ratinu- what is known as the 
 (m A I'.rewer pottery until August, IS'.).",. In 
 IS'.i-l h,. organized the Hart Brewer I'ottei-y 
 Company and hecame its Pri'sident. acting in 
 that capacity oni' year, when he witlali'cw . 
 He is \\n\\ eomiccled witli the Ivpiitahle Life 
 Insurance Company of Xew 'N'oik. In IST'i 
 he was elected to the Xi'W .lersey Legisl.it ui'e. 
 While there he introilueil the Delaware Ham 
 hill and succi'cilcd in having it passed. He 
 was a mend)er of the Forty-seventh and l''oit\- 
 eighth Congresses, fi'oni ISSO to ISSl, and 
 served on the ('onimittees on Accounts, Kail- 
 ways and Canals, and Manufactures. His 
 principal work in Congress was upon the suh- 
 jects of the tariff, tin.' Life Saving Scrvii-e and 
 the jiroteetiou of connnercial travelers. ()iie 
 of his s]ieeches ou the tai'ilf was ])raise(l hx- 
 party leaders and was extensively used as a 
 camjiaign document. ^Ir. P>rewer"s sole aim 
 has heeii to make Ti'iaiton truly the ''StafTord- 
 sliire of America." He has also sought to 
 afliliate the pottei'y interests all o\-er the coun- 
 try. In order to do this he helped to orgainze 
 the Cnitt'd Stato.s Potters' Assoeiation, of which he has heeii one of thi' leading memhers, having 
 
 .served as Secretary, President, ami Chairman of the KNecutive C nnttci'. lie has alsi) heen 
 
 Secretary and President of the Ti-cnt(.n Potteis' .\ssoiia1ion. He was one of the organizers of the 
 Trenton Watch Company, and succci'ded in ha\iiiii- it located here. He supi'rintended the huilding 
 of the factory, and was Pri'sident of the company for three years. He is a lineal di'scendant of 
 John llai't. one of the original signers of the Heclai-atiou of I iidepiaidence. 
 
 Imiw.mjh C.\i;hoi.i. Co.mik t, I). |).S., was horn at Dovei-, Morris county, in 1S.")S. IL. was 
 educated in the eoniinon schools of his native ]ilaci', and was afterward sent to thi' New .lersev Sl:ite 
 Normal School. His professional edu<-ation was receiveil at the .Michigan rnivci'sity, .\nn .\rhor, 
 Michigan, whci'c he graduateil and received his degree in 1S.S2. I''or a few years he piracticed suc- 
 cessfully at .\dri.in, Michigan, then at Scranton, Pennsylvania, and in 1SSS he eauic to 'i'renton, 
 where he has icmained \nitil the ]iresent time. His ollices and waiting-rooms are on the seconil 
 Hour of the luiihling on the northeast eormr of State and Warren, and front on hoth streets. Hi'. 
 
 C lict I Iocs a general dcnt.il ]iractiee, extracting, ojierating and nianufactui'ing, and has huilt U]i 
 
 iiuile a iiusiness here. He helongs to the Mereer County Wheelmen and is an enllmsiastie. rider of 
 tile wheel. He was married in 1<'^.S2 to Bessie Parsons, of Hinghamtoii. N. Y. Four ehilclren have 
 been horn to them, three hoys and a giil. Dr. Condict has a |ileasant country residence at IlilJi'rcst. 
 
 .ll>|[-\ 11 AU 1 BkKW KU. 
 
322 
 
 THE CITY OF TRENTON. 
 
 Jnnx T. Mddkk was horn in Canada in 1857. He reccivcil a lilitial cchicatidii in tlie pay- 
 .schools of his hi)nic and then learned the potting trade. He came to this city in 1S78 and secured 
 a position witli Tlioinas Madchtck A- Sons as foreman of all the elay shojis. He then aceejjted a 
 position with the Empire Pottery Company. Since 1892 Mr. Moore has heen Sui>erintendent of the 
 
 Enterprise Pottery. He has taken a (Iccji interest in i)oli- 
 tics and was elect cil to the Excise Hoard as one of its 
 Rcpnhlican menihers. Mr. Moore has heen active in the 
 organizations of his trade, tlie Knights of Lal)or and the 
 tf' "^ ^^^^^ Sanitary A\'are Pressers' -Vssociation. He served for three 
 
 years as Trensnrer for the local sanitary association and 
 in tlie same ca]iaeit\' for tlie district association, which 
 comprised all |)otters in the I'nitcd States, and of hotii 
 of these organizations he was one of the organizers. 
 
 J. ITknhv Ki.Ki.N was horn in New York State, 
 Eehruarv 2d, 1S.")7. He came to Trenton when four 
 years of age. and ri'ceived his cchK-itiou in the 
 cit\-"s ]]Ulilic sehodls. In l>;7n. he started ids lin>i- 
 iiess cariMT with tlie New .lersi'V Steel and lront'(jni- 
 |,;ni\-. Ill' has since continui'd witii tlie conipany. 
 For the j)ast twenty years he has heen Paymaster for 
 the great estahlishmi'nt. Mr. Klein is a Democrat. 
 l'>efi>re the annexation of the lioi'ough of Chamhers- 
 hin-g. he was Tax Cullector for the horongh, holding 
 tills ollice for two years. When consolidation was 
 
 effecte<l, Mr. Klein was the Mayor of ( 'hamher.shurg. In 1S'.)4. Mayor SIkiw appointed him as 
 
 a nii'ndier of tlu^ Hoard of Fire Connnissi(mers, and he is now acting as Pi-esident of that lioard. 
 
 lie is the Secretary of the Iron M'orkers' Reneficial Society. Mr. Klein was married in 1.S77, 
 
 and has three chil<lren. 
 
 .7. Hknuv Ki.ki.n'. 
 
 P>ii!ii ^\'. Sric.NCKi! was horn in the city of New York in 1S4"). lie i> the son of Rev. Jesse k. 
 S|)encer, D.I)., now a retired minister of the Pi'otestant I']pisco]ial Church. .\t the time of his hirth, 
 his father was Professor of Dead Languages at Hnrlington ( ollcge, Hnrlington. New .lerscy. Ihrd 
 \\'. S]>cncer was educate<l at (Juackcnhoss" Collegiate Institute and at Cohnnhia College, hoth in New 
 York. .\t the conijilction of his e(lueation. he entered the em|iloy of the Erie liailroad Conqiany. 
 His faithful service soon hrought him promotion, and he has lillcd the positions of Division Super- 
 intendent, Paymaster, Cashier, Assistant Treasurer and Treasuri^r. .\fter twenty-live years' service 
 with that company, he liecame a mend>er of the firm of Camphell. .Morrell A' Co., of Passaic, New 
 Jersey. Jlr. Spencer was elected to the ollice of President of the People's Hank and Trust Com- 
 ]>any, of Passaic, an<I still holds that jiosition. In 1S74. lu' was chosen to represent his district in 
 the Connnon Conncil of Passaic, and lu'ld ofht'c until 1S7'.). when he was further honoreil hy heing 
 electt'd Mayor. This honor he was given three ti'rnis. of two years ciicli. after which he was again 
 elccteil to Connnon Council, in iSS."), and he is now the |iresiding ollicer of that hody. In .May, 
 ISSil, (iovernor (Jrcen ap]>ointed him a State Assessor, and he was re-a])])ointe<l in lSi).'>. I'or two 
 years he was President of the Board of Assessors, and is now the \'ice President thereof. During 
 the late war, he enlisted in the Seventh Regiment of the State of New >'ork. and through the thick 
 of the liglits that followed the o\itl)reak of the hloody War of the Rehellion, he carried himself like 
 a true man ami soldier. His corn-age and foresight hrought with tlnin ]iromotion. and he spi-edily 
 rose in the estimation of his fi'llow-sohlicrs in arms, and, later, in the regard of his fellow-ollicers. 
 In 1S7(), (iovernor Hedle ai)pointed him Colonel and an .\ide-dc-Cam]) on his stalT ; 1.S7.S, he was 
 ai)i)ointed ^lajor anil Deputy (iuartermaster, and in l^sj he w;is made Hrig.-idier-ticneral and 
 Inspeetor-tieneral of Ritle Practice. tJeneral Spencer has four children — one son, Bird F., who is 
 in the Twenty-first United States Infantry, and three daughters. These latter are accomplished 
 and charming women. 
 
TITK CITV OF TUKNTOX. 
 
 323 
 
 JoHX l>. Mai;(.i:i;i M \v;is Imni in r.U(k> ((luiily. I'cinisylvaiiia. in IS.")], wlii'vc lie iittt'iidcil tiio 
 ])u1)lir si'liiiols. Si-\cial ycai's lirl'ofi' I'cacliinL;- his niajoritv liu went to Laniliertvillc, wliero lie 
 Icarni'il liun>i'-|iaintinL;- ami (Inin'aliiiL;. In 
 1S7."). al'ti'i- III' hail lirciiiiir a ji invnr\-iiian, he 
 started a liusinrss uf liis nwn in l.aniliiitv illr. 
 New Jci'scy, anil rcniainnl llaaT nntil issc,, 
 wlu'U lie canic t" 'ri'cniuii and ii|irncd a sIuit 
 and (lilicr Xn. '■','■',>> Siuiih I'.niad stritt. Mr. 
 Margeriun thnrnnuldy inastrrrd tlic tradr uf 
 paper-hanirin;^ and li(iiis<'-paintinti ami thm 
 essayed the inun.- artistic hranrji nf thr Imsi- 
 ness. Possessint; natural nil'ls as an aitisi, 
 wliicli liv studv and prai-tit'e lia\c hrcn ui'catK' 
 dcvrlii|>i'd. hi' has heautilird many uf thr 
 prinripal Imildinus of Trt'nton. As a few of 
 the many samiiles of his skill in artistic Imu^i' 
 decoration then- may he mentioned thr ^'. M. 
 C. A. Imildinn', the I'ennsylvaiiia railroad di'|io( 
 at Clinton street, the Forst-ltiehey luiildina-, 
 the Trenton Trust and Safe Dejiosit ('oin]iany, 
 the State House and the izildiiiL;- of the donic. 
 the Broad Stnet M. K. Chunh. thr Fir-t 
 Baptist t'hureh (addition). In ]X''2, .Mi'. 
 Margeruni was married to Miss Miller, of 
 I.and)ertvillc'. 
 
 Jere.miah 1). (lKA^■ was horn in llui-ks 
 
 county, Pennsylvania, Se]iteinlier :^4th, l.SI-S. 
 
 His fatlier, Peter E. dray, a, lineal descendant 
 
 of Galfridus (iray, an early settler in New 
 
 Jersey, was horn mar I'dcnnngtou. Xcw . Jersey. Since l.'>(i'.) he has l)e(>n a resident of 
 
 New Jersey. His pi-esent home is Trenton. As a teacher he has had twenty-eight years' 
 
 experience ; has served as I'l'incipal of the Clinton 
 .\cademv, (drard .\ venue (irammar School, Trenton, 
 and now is at the head of the puhlic school at Peini- 
 iiV^toii, New -Icrscy. In FS'.K) and h^'.tl he was teacher 
 of higher mathematics and physics in Amlu'i'st College 
 Smnmer School, ^rassachusetts, now known as the 
 Sau\cur ( 'ollc;^!' of Langua.ijes. Mi'. ( Iray received his 
 education in the puhlic schools and at the Carversville 
 Xormal College, I'ennsylvaina. In l.'^'Sl Cnion Chris- 
 tian College, and ill I'SS.") I,afayctte Cojle.ge. conferreil 
 upon him the degree of Master of Arts. He is also 
 ipiite well known as an author, liaving written a liis- 
 torv of the Christian CInn-ih and a serial history enti- 
 th'd •■.Xcw .li'iscv (lovernors : Who Tliey Are and 
 What Thcv l)id." The latter appeared in the " Daily 
 True .\nierican," Dcceinher, ISS'.). In these articles 
 
 he was associated with I'rancis 15. i He is also 
 
 author of " Wentwortirs Teachers" Kdition of Naviga- 
 tion," I'SUl. Ills leading work is his " DilVereiitial 
 and Integral Calculus.'' At ]. resent this is in maim- 
 scrii)t. He has made a key to this work, containing 
 solutions to the higher curves for more than oik; 
 
 thousand prohlcms. He has doni' considerahle work in assisting authors in writing text-hooks; 
 
 notahly among these may he nientiuncd Mr. Wentwcjiih. Ho also furnished coiisiduruhlc matter 
 
 J"I1N I). MAKiilJUM. 
 
 .1 l.Kl.MIAIl 1). (JlE.W. 
 
324 
 
 THE CTTY OF TRENTON. 
 
 for the throe sii])jileiiR'i)tarv vohiincs of I)r. ]>r I'tiy's aiMitions to '' Imu yclnpailia liritaiiniea." 
 In ISUl lie orifiinated the '•Capital City News," wjiidi he eoiitinued to puhlish for nearly a year. 
 He has held several loeal ofliees, and in Novemlnr. 1SS7. was a]i]iointed to a elerkship in the 
 Cu.stoni Ih)Use, New York City. This he dccliiie<l to accept. K(.ir many years he has heen Cuinity 
 Exairiiner of Teachers, lie has tiu'ee children. His son Nonier was fxraduated froni Dickinson 
 College last .hnie, and is now Principal of the llopcucll I'ldilie l^chool. 
 
 GkoH(;k W. PiucE is a native of Brooklyn. New 'i'ork, where he was horn in 1S.")-J. Since 18G0 
 he has resided in Trenton. He was educated at tiic city ])uhlic schools, and when a hoy associated 
 himself witii S. S. Hill to Karn the Imteher's tra<le. In ISSS Mr. Hill, after sixty-tive years' exper- 
 ience, retired froni the husiness, an<l Mr. Price at once made arrangements to jiurchase the estah- 
 lishmcnl. Since then he has continncd the husiness. He still occui)ies the old stalls, Nos. 4.'5 and 
 4-1, in tlie City .Mai-ket. hut has huilt a new sausage factory, an illustration of which appears on the 
 opjiosite pagi". He has so far enlarged tlic ca]iaiity of the works that now he is ahlc to turn out 
 ;>{)(),()("> pounds of sausage iluring the season, ami uses altogether ahout !)()U,(K)U jiounds of pork pei- 
 rear. .Mr. I'l'ice is one of the hcst-known residents of WilKur. For several years he was one of 
 the Borough Connnissioners. and was Chairman of tlie Conmnttee on Street Railways and Lamps. 
 He is now a meniher of the Sihool Hoard of the liorough, and is serving as Chairman of the Com- 
 mittee on P)Uil<lings and ( iroUMils. Mr. Price's political atliliations are with tln' I )em(>cratic party. 
 In liS7(> he married Jennie Longstreet, of Trenton, New .lersey. They reside in the handsonn' 
 residence at the corner of State anil Chamiiers streets which Mr. Price recentlv erected. 
 
 Knwi.N' (liii:i;.N was hoi-n in 'N'oi'kshin', England, <)etohcr .")th, 1822. He learned the trade of 
 wire-drawer in his native eountiv and worked at it tlicic foi' some years. In March, IS^S, lie came 
 
 to Ameiii a, and for mw year and nine months 
 he workecl at his trade in New York Citv. ()ii 
 the second of tianuary, IS.jO, he moved to 
 Trenton, ami innuediately entere([ the eni])loy 
 of the Trenton Iron Coin{)any. I'or over 
 thirty years he worked for that company, and 
 for more than twenty years of tliat time he 
 was Superintendent of their wire nulls. In 
 l.SSO, Mr. Green retired from active service in 
 the mills. Several years hefore that time, he 
 had heen carrying on the music Itusiness, hav- 
 ing hought out Mr. Fletcher in I.SB.']. Mr. 
 (Ireeii dealt in ]>ianos and organs and all kinds 
 of musical instruments. He continued the 
 husiness until 1N.S4, when he sold out to Peter 
 Kendriek i*: Son. Mr. Green has always heen 
 very much interested in music. He sang in 
 the l'"ourth Presliyterian Church for eleven 
 .« jv _ ' fl^^^^^^^K^^^^^^^I^^^^ ''1^" ''"' choirs of other city 
 
 ^S M^^ ^^^^^^^^H^^^^^^^^JBI ehurclies. Forty years ago, he was a nuMuher 
 * y"" m !-'.ff^ ,,f f)||, (.],(, ii- (,f the ohl Greene Street M. E. 
 
 Clinrch. .Mr. Green was one of the organizers 
 
 of the first nnisical society in this cdty. This 
 
 ua- known as the Trenton Musical Society, 
 
 and was composed of the hest citizens of the 
 
 town. In conui'ction with Mr, Fletcher, ^Ir. 
 
 lialdwin and Mrs. Dr. Warner, he formed the 
 
 Trenton Quartette in 1853. The memhers of 
 
 tliis f|nartetto arc still living. ^Ir. Green ])layei| the violin in the Langlotz Orchestra here a 
 
 nunilter of years ago. In .July, 1S.')(), he joined South Trenton Lodge, No. 3(j, I. O. 0. F. He 
 
 also helongs to Mercer Lodge, No. 50, F. and A. ^L; ralcstine Connnandery, No. 4, Knights 
 
 KliWIX (ilEKF.N. 
 
THE CITY OF TRKXTOX. 
 
 325 
 
 Tcinplar, and Tlmr-Tiinrs-TlinH' ('lin|it(r. Ilr is als.i a iiinnlHr nf (lie Sdiis of St. George. Mr. 
 (ircfU was hrouulit uii an Episi^opaliaii. (In .liily I'-'lil, ls|:;. h,- marricil .Miss Amelia Birtwhistle. 
 They have five ehilWren — Sarah N., Mary, Lewis !•]., cmiildyed with .\ihert (lr<'en. sueeessor to 
 (ii-ein iV lilaekwell. New \<>vk and iirimklyu ; Olive .\inc-lia. now .Mrs. W. ])ra<lfnrd I'arker. (if this 
 eity ; Waher A., wire-ih'awer in (ieorgctown, Conneetiriit. .Mr. (Irern is now living a (juiet, retired 
 life at Xo. 329 Elmer street. 
 
 W'u.l.lAM T. IvxToN was hiiiai in Trenton, New -lersey. .\iignst I'.ltli, iS.")."i. I'lion the eomple- 
 tioii of his education he entered the I-lxton hakeiw and was eni|iloyed there over twentv yi'urs. In 
 .lanuary, ISSS he started in luisiness for him- 
 self. .Mr. Exton gives his jiersonal attention 
 to the management of his luisiness, heing often 
 on the wagon all day long. This spirit of hard 
 \voi-k, together with his thorough knowledge of 
 the husiness assxires him continued success. 
 He is now located at -Vl') South J'.r<iad street, 
 where he lias a large, jileasant stoic and in the 
 rear a fnlly-eiiui])pcd hakery. In January, 
 1S,S2, -Mr. Exton married Matilda, daughter of 
 (JeorgeS. Smith, of Trenton, Xc\\' Jersey. In 
 the fall of IS'.to lie acee|itcd the nomination for 
 Assemlily from the Third district, and although 
 this district generally gives ahout seven hiiii- 
 dreil Democratic majority he succccderl in 
 turning it to one thousand six hundred l.'epuli- 
 licaii. In 1S'.)4 he was nnanimousK' reiionii- 
 iiatcd. There Were many candiilatcs prior to 
 the primaries; ]\Ir. Exton, however, had the 
 solid sup]iort of the husiness men of Ids dis- 
 trict, and secured every ilelegate in I'very ward. 
 His was the only name mentioned in tln' lon- 
 vcntioii. He defeated the highest man on tln' 
 i )eino(a-atic ticket hy four thousand three hun- 
 dred and forty-two, tlu.^ largest majority i\ir 
 given a legislative candidate in Mercer comity. 
 Mr. Exton sei-urcil the repeal of the hill plo- 
 viding for a Board of J'lihlic Work-. This repeal was carried over the ( ioveriior's veto. He was 
 also active in the passage of the hill aholishiiig county courts as at present constituted, and making 
 the judiciary elective. 
 
 Tin; H i:\iil. K^-r.K.wrir ('omcwi' was foriucd in .March, \S'.)0, with Charles ^I. Ileadley, 
 President and Treasurer, and William II. I.ea\ ill. Sccri'tary. They <icciipy a whole liuilding, at 
 12 South Warren street, where they carry a large and com|ilete stock of mantels, gas-lixtures, 
 heaters, ranges and all the numerous accessories to that line of husiness. Tiiey have executed 
 iiianv large contracts and have always gixin satisfaction. 'I'lii' hot-water plant in the City .Vims- 
 house, which is the largest in the city, is the work of this coinpany, who liave also lilted U]> ninin'r- 
 ous otlier ]ilaces in the city with plnmhiiig, gas-lixtures, mantels, itc. 'I'lie greatest care is mani- 
 fested in all that is done, and nothing is sjiared that will tend to tlie sueeessful liiiishing of any 
 work undertaken. They give em]iloynieiit to a large corps of competent workmen, and all work is 
 guaranteed to he lirst-class. The husiness has l)een a .successful one froni (lie heginning, an<l is 
 cunstantlv im reasing. ^Ir. Ihadlcy is .a tiioroiigh husiness man, and was emploveil witii liurrouglis 
 ii- Mounlford many years. .Mr. l.eavitt is a son of Dr. Eyriian Leavitt, and was eonnecled with tlie 
 Dunn Hardware and Paint Company for ten years, where he ac(piired a mastery of the di'tails of 
 the husiness. He resides at 'lO") South Warren street, in the house so long occupied l>y his honored 
 father. Mr. H<adlev resides at Fallsington, Pennsvlvania. 
 
 Willi \M '1'. i;\n 
 
826 
 
 THE CITY OF TRENTON. 
 
 t'liAKi.Ks Dii'i'ni.T, D.D.S. — I'or over furty years l)r. l>i|i|Milt lias Kci'ii one tif tlic prdiuiiuMit 
 dentists of Trenton. He is a native of this city, havinu; lieeii liorn liere .June 3(1, 1833. His early 
 ('(huatioM was ol)taine(l in tlie jiulilii- ami jirivate sehools of tiie city, and in l^^ol he eomnienced the 
 study of dentistry liere. He coniiileted his studies with Dr. William H. Hall, one of the leadinj; 
 dentists of riiiladil|iliia. in IS.").'!, and immediately loeati'il in Trenton, where he jiraetieed his ]iro- 
 fession continucuisly until IS'.);!. Many liave lieen the ehanj.'es ami improvements in dentistry since 
 he heuan to praetiee. When he eommene<'d he was ohliired to make from the crude material all of 
 the teeth which he Used, and in addition to that he I'ciined and alloyed fxold and silver for nutal 
 ])lates in his own lahoratory. He is indeed a mechanic anil a thorou^di master of his [irofession in 
 all of its details. His success has ht'cn phenomenal. His practice was so irreat for many years that 
 he was cM)m]ielled to have an assistant in order to attend to hi~ many patic'iits. l)r. l)ippolt was 
 one of the foundci's of the New .Icrst'V State l)iiilnl Society and has served asi^mendier of tin; 
 l">.\aniinini: Hoard for two \-eai's. a nu'inher of the Ivxecntivc Committee for two years ami \'ict; 
 President for one \-cai'. lie was also a menilici' of the counnittee appointed tonhtain a law rejiU- 
 latinu' the study and practice of dentistry in the State. Dr. Dijipolt has heen twice marriecl ; lirst 
 to Ih'urietta Post, who cliecl ahout one year after their marriage, and later to Mary B., dauuditer of 
 I'lcnjamiu .M. Clai-k, of Cianlmry, New .lersey. They have one dauLihlcr, .Mi's. Kdwanl I!. Parsons, 
 whose husliaiid is eii,!.'a,i;c<l in the wholesale seed luisiness. Dr. Dippolt owns a <freat di'al of real 
 estate in dilYcrcnt parts <if the city. Much of his pro]ierty is loeatecl neai' the corner of State and 
 llidad streets, and consists of piominent lm>iiicss houses. The care of all of his piMjieitv he assimics 
 ]iersonally, and this has ln'cii sullicii'iit to occuiiy his time and attention since he .L'ave up the active 
 practice of his ]irofession. He has a handsome residence at No. 203 East State street, ojijiosite 
 the post-ollice. 
 
 William II. Cai i i>\\ i:i.i. w.-is horn in London, I'^iiiilaml. lMiiii;iat iiii; to this country when a 
 chiM. his parents settled in New ^di'k Citv, wlnrc the\- rcmaiiKMl for aliout cii;htccii vears. His 
 
 father, licv. .\lfreil Cauldwcll, is a Hajitist (dcrt;\-man, 
 now residinu' in .l'',tna, Pennsylvania. Mr. ('auldwell's 
 education was proc\ircd in llii' puMic schools and at 
 HulPs IJusiness College, Pittshur};li, Pennsylvania. Ih' 
 heuan life as errand hoy, and ap|irenticed himself to 
 the trade of tailoi'im;- in Pitlsl luruli. linishiiii:- with W. 
 .1. Owens, of Trenton, New .Jersey. For ten years \\c 
 worked for Sinclair. \'aiinest ^- ('oin|iany. hut in .lanu- 
 .iiv, iss;i, estahlishcd a |ilace of liusiiiess at No. 17 
 North J>road street. He was elected Councilman in the 
 lioronuh of ChamhershurL'. holdiiiir that ollicc three 
 years and until the horouuh was consoliilated with 
 Trenton. lie is a Hepuhlican. On May l.'Uh. |s74, 
 he mai-iicil Katie W. Owens, a niece of ^\'illiam .1. 
 ( )weiis. of this i-itv. 
 
 Pons Dii:iii.. .Ii;., was liorii in Trenton, New 
 .lei-ry, March (Uh, ]S(;2. He attended the puMic 
 >chools, and, after com|iletiii,L' tln^ course, lu' learnecl 
 the trade of potter, which he worked at in \arious 
 potteries nntil Novemhi^r, IS'.)|, dui-int;- which time 
 he was President of the Sanitary Local Inion. 
 Soon after his father's death he assnmed full chartre of hi.s father's estate. .Mr. Diehl ha.s 
 always manifested i:reat interest in the operations of the lire ilepartmeiil. He was presiding; 
 olliecr of the Liherty Fire Comiiany (N'olunteer), and is at present servin.i.' on the P>oard of Fire 
 Commissioners, apjiointed hy .Mayor Shaw. Mr. Diehl is eoimeeted with the Democratic Peajrue, 
 and also takes an active jiart in several social ort;aiii/,ations, where he is well liked hy his fellow- 
 menihers. On Deceinher 3()th, PSSG, .Mr. Diehl was married to Katherine Ostermeyer, of 
 this city. 
 
 Wn.i.iAM U. e.vrr.DWEi.L. 
 
1^ 
 
 Jk 
 
 Cii \ui,i> Inri'MiT, Ii.li. 
 
THE CITY OF TRENTON. 
 
 327 
 
 Frederick A. Kemijch was liorn in (Icriiiany in ISJS. He was (■ducatcil in his native land, and 
 learned his father's trade, that n! taijni-jni:. ilr alsn served three year'^ in the i'riissian army. 
 In 1S73 Mr. Kemler setth'il in Trentim. F(ir a nuin- 
 her nf vears lie wcirlced at liis trade, ins first einjilnvei' 
 lieing Janie.s (_)wens, tlien a prominent nien-hant lailnr. 
 In IS.S'2 Mr. Kemler stai'ted a lailur shu|i of his own at 
 Centre and Bridge streets. Soon lie moveil to iii> 
 ])resent loeation. corner Centre and i-'erry sti'ec^ts, 
 wliere lie lias his sho|i and residence. Ily |iatient in- 
 dustry and strict attention to husiness, he is known all 
 through South Trenton as a reliaMi' custom tailoi'. .Mr. 
 Kender is a Democrat. In lS'.i2 he was electeil a 
 memlier of tlie t'oiinty Hoard of l'"reeliiildei's, a posi- 
 tion which he still holds. In ()ctolier, ISTli, he mar- 
 ried .Josi'phina Ermeling, of this city. 
 
 I'lIlLll' FKEri)E.\'.MA(ili:i; was horn in Ti'i'iilon. 
 Novelliher 13th, 185G. His earlier education was gained 
 in the local puhlic schools, and later he was a [lupil of 
 the Trenton Business College, lie acted as clerk in a 
 grocery store about three years, afti'r which he engagid 
 
 in the trade of cigarmaking. C(imi)leting his trade, he i,,;, ,,, ,;,, ,, ,\. kkmi.kk. 
 
 went into the manufacture of cigars for liimsclf. and con- 
 tinued in that business about two years. .Mr. l"'n-udeiniiaelier was the Tn-ntoii n^preseiilativc of the 
 Bergner & Engel Brewing Company from bsS'J until lS'.)-_', when he ai-cepled an otTer from the 
 Trenton r>rewing Comjiany to act in the capacity of Managing Salesman of ihiir outpiU. His 
 familiaritv with the tradi' (|Ualilies him to an minsual degree for the performance of his duties, 
 which are ehiellv the inspection of ilu- liranch houses of the lireweiy and the extension of the 
 boundary lines of tlie territoi-y which the company pi-ae|ically eontrols. He was Chief of tlu' 
 
 Tri'iilou \'oluiitei'i- Firi' department from ISSS until 
 |S'.)2, when the \-olmiteer system was abolishecl. He 
 was a niemher of the Ivigle Company, and held the 
 olliees of I'orcman, 'i'reasurer and \'ice I*rcsi<lcnl. 
 When the paid de|iartment was inaugin'atcd, he was its 
 Chief foi- the lirst twenty-four hours, siu'rendering the 
 ollice to the present Chief, William Met; ill, at the stroke 
 of the gong at 12 o'clock midnight of the first day. 
 lie is a niembci- of the Reptiblican Club of Trenton, 
 and is also enrolled in the Knights of Pythias, Inde- 
 pendent Order of Odd l''ellows, .Masons and several 
 other organizations. He was married in 1.S77 to So]iliic 
 M, Widmaiin, of New Egypt. He lias one son, 
 (ieorgu D. 
 
 Jon.N (1. SroiT is a native of Trenton, having been 
 horn herein 1S3(). lie was educated in a pay sclionl 
 and also in the public schools. He learned the snulT- 
 making business with (ladilis it I'ott.^. in Trenton, 
 lie also worked in a brickyard, an<l linally learned 
 shoeniakiiig. The latter was aci|uirc(l inider the instruc- 
 
 ti f his father. In the yi^ar bS.'.S, hi' was elected Overseer of ibc I'oor. and accei.tably lillcd 
 
 that ollice until lS(i2. For nine years more he was the (leiieral Supcrinlcnch'nl of the Trillion 
 Ilor.se liailwav Compauv, He was also a memlier of the I'.oard of He.iltli for four years. In \x~:], 
 he started in tlie snulV business. Connected with this business, he also established tlial of cigars, 
 tobacco and smoking articles at No. lilO South Broad street, where In- still c(,iitinMcs in the same 
 business. He married, in 1S7(), Emma S. I.arison, of Trenton. 
 
 .I.iilS (1, SI.H 
 
328 
 
 THE CITY OF TRENTON. 
 
 W'lLi-KT n. Cnoi'KH was lidni ill Trriitciii ill N'nvcnilici', IS-")7. His iiMlcrnai ancestors, wlio 
 wtTC Eiifilisl), acf()iii]iaiiicil William I'ciiii nii liis sci-diiil voyage to this einiiitn-. tliat tliev iiiijrht 
 
 :i\(ii(l religious pcn'seeution. 'I'liey settled in 
 lliicks county, Pennsylvania. His grandfallu'r, 
 .lames .\. Snedekor, acted a.s escort to General 
 Lafayette from Princeton to Trenton. l)r. 
 ('iio|ier received a lilieral education in liis na- 
 tive city, graduating with high Imnors from 
 the liiiliUc schools, State ^fodcl School and 
 liider i\: .Mien's lousiness Collcg('. He then 
 essayed civil engineering, which he fulldwcd 
 fur 111 icc years. He then heeame Private See- 
 ntaiy to Colonel I). K. Allen, with whom he 
 traveled thrungh the Ivistern and Middle States, 
 the three provinces of Canada, Prince Edward's 
 Island and Xova Scotia. Ill 1S77, lie returned 
 to 'Prciitiiii. and stuilied vet<'rinary medicine 
 twiiycais with |)r. liradshaw. After a thorough 
 inuisc at the .\mcricaii N'etcrinary College, of 
 New Vnik. |)r. ('(iii|icr graduated with high 
 hiiiiiirs ill ISN-J. Soon thereafter, he located at 
 Salem. New .Jersey, where he was successful. 
 (Ill aeciiunt iif failing health, he travi.'lc<l fur 
 snine time. In lN>is, during President Cleve- 
 land's lirsl .■idminislration, he aeceiited a com- 
 missi<iii as < io\cnimeiit \'etei-iiiarv lns|iector, 
 ami was re-ap|ioiiite(l hy I'residi'iit Harrison. 
 < )ii .March 17tli, IMi-i. lie opened his present 
 
 „,,j,, ,1 , ., I (illiee and lal>nratur\- at X". olHSuulh Warren 
 
 street. |ir. ('(Kiperlias met with great success 
 as a vcterinarv surgeon, and is now acknnwlcclged tu he in the fruiit rank nf that |irofession. In 
 1SS2, he was marriecl to Sallie .M. Strasser, of 'ri'eiitoii. I'.esidc heiiig a iiiemlicr nf \-arious 
 organizations, Dr. Cooper is a memlier nf the State 
 Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to .Vnimals. the 
 New Jersey Trotting Horse iirccdcrs' Association, and 
 lias heen Secretary of the \'eteriiiary .Medical Associa- 
 tion for the past nine years. 
 
 TiioM.vs M. ^\'llITI■; was horn in St. I.ouis, 
 Alissouri, .Tune lOth, ]X-\\. .\t ten years dt age 
 he came to Trenton ami niaile his home with |)r. 
 .Joseph P. Turner, at Pine (irove. After passing 
 through tile jtulilic schools of tliis city, he took a thor- 
 ough course in jiedagogy tit the New .Jersey State 
 Normal Sdiool. .\t the eoinmeneenient of the Rehel- 
 lion. he entered the First New Jersey Cavalry, in 
 which he served over two years. Tn lS(i9, he enihraecd 
 tiie profession of teaching, liis first (wperienee heing in 
 I.anihirtville, where lie was Vice Princi]ia] of the jiuh- 
 lie school fur ahout six months. Thence he went to 
 Somerville, where he remained two years, and then 
 removed to (lloueester City, where for si.\ years he 
 was Princijial of the High ScIiocjI. While a resident 
 
 of (doucester City, he also servi'd on the Poard of County I'"\aminers. Tn ISSO, Profe.ssor 
 \\'liite returned to Trenton and was at once made a nicmhcr of the Ikiard of School Trustees 
 
 TuuMA.-> M. Win 1 1.. 
 
THE CITY OF TRENTON. 
 
 329 
 
 and also a}>i>i>iiited Principal of the Centre 8fret't Crammar School. This ]iosition he lias 
 
 held continuously ever since, with the exccjition of a few months last year, when the 
 
 Principals of the three i;raniinar sehncils were teiii[»ii-ai-ily (liani!:ed. DurinL' the liftccn years 
 
 that Pnifessor AMutc has l)ecn at the head 
 
 (if the Centre Street School the srade <if the 
 
 institutiiin has been raised. He was tiie tir>t 
 
 Principal in the city to introduce kinilert;artcn 
 
 work in the schools. Professor White is a liorn 
 
 teacher and a wise and careful administratnr, 
 
 and has the whole scIhki] under his enustanl 
 
 supervision. The students fmni the Ceiiti-e 
 
 Street Scliool enter the Iliuh Sehnul excellently 
 
 prc'iiared in the fundamental principles of a 
 
 thorough education. In l.STO he mai'ried I'^liza- 
 
 lieth 1). Measey, of Blackwooiltown, Xew-liTsey. 
 
 They have five children — Marie Mathilde. 
 
 .Joseph T., .Jennie L., J^illie B. and ]5essie P. 
 
 \\'ii.LiAM H. MiiKKL was liorn in Cape ]May 
 
 county, N. J., June Gth, 1^5;!. He attended the 
 
 pulilie schools of the peninsula, and linislii'd 
 
 his education at the New Jersey State Noruial 
 
 School. He applied himself to i)harmaey and 
 
 hccanie a student of medieine under lir. 11. 
 
 Thomas. In 1876 he jiureliased a drusi' store 
 
 on Proad street, Trenton. This he conducted 
 
 until IN.SO, when he opeueil a new store at S7 
 
 S])rin.ii street, where he ri'mained until the 
 
 completion of his handsome huildint:' at the 
 
 corner of Sprinix and Calhoun stn^ets, in 1S'.)4, 
 
 which is one of the largest cstahlislunents in the city. Mr. Miekel lias a well-cstahlished drug 
 
 trade in a rapidly-growing section of the city. He was i'oliee .lustic'e during the years l^T'l and 
 
 ISSO, a memlier of the lloai-d of Ilralth in l^S] and 
 PSS-J, a memlier of the Hoard of Puhlie Instruction in 
 ISS.-Jand PSS4, a;id in May, ISIt:!, was appointed Health 
 Ins]icetor for a term of three years. He is a particularly 
 faithful and painstaking oOicial. In ISTCi Mr. .Miekel 
 was niarrii'd to JOmma (i. Crossley, of Trenton. 
 
 Jicssic P. Lam; was hf)rn in Ocean county, New 
 .lersey, in 1S|7. .\t the age of three years his i)arents 
 moved (o Staten Island, New York. lie entered the 
 Staten Island |i\dili<' school, hut after tlu' deatli 
 of his father ln' moved to Ocean county. There 
 he attended a country school. He stuilied nights 
 to ac(pnre a fmtlier education. In spite of disad- 
 vantages he made considciahh' ])rogress in tlie study of 
 art, and thoroughly learned the trade of house and 
 siirn jiainting, hringing to his woi'k more than ordinary 
 ahility. In 1>>7") he canu' to Trenton ami engaged in 
 painting in its various lii'auche.s. In ISS.') he opcni'd a 
 wall-pa]ier store on Hamilton avenue, and was the lirsl 
 one to engage in the wall-pa]MT hiisine.^s in Chandiers- 
 hurg. In 1S71 Mr. Pane was marriid to Louisa Lathmp, of Ocean comity. New Jersey. They have 
 tw.rchildren— Uudolphus and Pe.ssie. .Mr. Laiw occupies Die large .<tore and residence at lid!) 
 Hamilton avenue. 
 
 Wn.i.lAM II, Mil K 1.1.. 
 
 JKS.sk B. I.iVNK. 
 
330 
 
 THE CITY OF TRENTON. 
 
 Albert F. R. Tatze was l)orn in Berlin, ClcTinanv, in DcrtnilxT, \x-V.K lie ie(tive<l a litieial 
 education in liis native city, where he became a practical jeweler and watchniakcr. While yet very 
 
 younf;, he emiirrated to this country and for several 
 years worked as journeyman in New York t'ity. He 
 came to Trenton in isi;7, and after workinir at his 
 trade, ojicnrd a notion and variety store on Broad 
 street, wliich was, for two years, a prolitahle invest- 
 ment. He then ]iure]iascd the huilding No. 183 South 
 iJroad street, which he fitted u]i liandsoniely and 
 opened as a lirst-class jewelry store. Mr. Lutze has 
 one of the leading estaliiishnients in this city. On 
 Ai)ril lOth, 1871, he marrit-d Enuna Moll, of Trenton, 
 and has four son.s and two daughters. 
 
 .Tosi:i'ir H. Mooke, the son of Imlah ^loore, of 
 Moore's ]\lills, was horn in Trenton in l.S4(>. He 
 ohtained his education at the Model School and the 
 Philadelphia Polytechnic College, graduating from the 
 latter institution in 1S(>(), after taking Master's degree. 
 He returned to Trenton and followed his jirofession as 
 mechanical engineer for live years. He then bought out 
 the East Trenton Porcelain Company, and conducted 
 the pottery business about fourteen years. In the year 
 
 188(>, he became connected with the Merchants Transportation Comjiany, and, in ISOO, was made 
 
 Su])erintendent of the same. Hi- practical knowledge of business and its methods, witli wide travel 
 
 and nuich research, lits him in full measure for 
 
 the res])onsil)lc olliei' he lills. In 1879, he 
 
 nuirricd Mary E., (laughter of the late Charles 
 
 Carr, the well-known founder and ma<-hinist. 
 
 t'n.VKi.Es S. Biiii.iov was born in iJccrlield, 
 Cund)erland county, New Jersey, in 18.58, and 
 was educated at the public schools in Philadel- 
 ])hia. For sevi'ral years he clerked in the store 
 of his father, .Tosi')ih C. iiurley. in ('amden. 
 New Jersey. In 188() he went to Bristol, Peiin- 
 sylvania, and formed a ]iartnershi]i with Mr. 
 Samuel 1. W'hitakcr, carrying on a grocery 
 business under the name of the Philadelijhia 
 Ca.sh Stores. They operated two stores in 
 Bristol, and in 1887 ojiened three stores in 
 Trenton, located as follows : Perry, corner 
 Stockton street ; Second, corner Fiu'man street, 
 and Hudson, corner Mott street. Mr. Burley 
 immediately located here, and Mr. W'hitaker 
 stayed in Bristol to manage the stores there. 
 In 1800 the partnershij) was dissolved and 
 since then Mr. Burley lias been the sole i>ro- 
 prietor of the Trenton stores. The Hudson 
 and ]\[ott street store has been sold. Last 
 March ^^Ir. Burley opened a store in Hights- 
 town, New Jersey, which he is now conducting 
 in connection with his Trenton stores. i\Ir. Burley buys and sell 
 strong Re])ublican in ])rinciple but has never taken a very activ 
 
 Chahi-f.s S. BrBi.F.Y. 
 
 s on a stiietlv cash ha? 
 
 e niterest ni i)olitics. 
 1888, he married Emma Moore, of Camden, New Jersey. Thev have one son, liiisse" 
 
 is. He is a 
 I II .biiiuai'v, 
 
rKTKK K. Bakei:. 
 
TIIK CrrV OF TRENTON. 
 
 331 
 
 PouLsox A' CoLEMAX. — Till' fuiuTal direct iiij;- (inn i if I'dulsdii v^- ('nlcinan, ronsistiii"; of George 
 II. I'liulsim and .Tedt'diali (ireen ('uli'iiian, was I'drnicd in Api'il, ls><S. Fur funrteen vears Mr. 
 I'liulsdU had worked as undertaker with Messrs. 
 Dishrow it \'an ( 'leve and 11. L. Oislirnw. In 
 tlieir estalilislunent, wiiieli is located ii|miii tlie 
 lirst tloor and hasenicnt "f No. 211 South W'ai'i'cn 
 street, the tirni possesses every device necessary 
 for ))ro]ierly eonilnetinu' their hnsincss. I'"vcry 
 aceessorv for cinhaluiiiii; and dcsii;ns for the (lead 
 are in their cnstodw The wat;iins and teams 
 whicli they use are the lincst in tlie State, and 
 inasniucli as tliey give each call their personal 
 attention. ]iarti<-ularly in cniei-gcneics. the linn 
 has met with a due share <if po[iular appre- 
 ciation. 
 
 John H. M.MrriNK'r'ri; was horn in Trenton, 
 New Jersev, in 1S,")2. and has always resided in 
 his native city. .U'ter attenilini: the puMic 
 .schools, he was earl v apprenticed to the carpeiilcr 
 trade. He worked as a .journeyman carpenter for 
 the firms of Sutton iVr .lohnson and Lindsay i»c 
 Johnston until ISSl. Then, in couneclioii with 
 his lirother, William Iv. he coniineiiccil Kusi- 
 ness under the name of .lolni 11. Maitiiielle iV.- 
 Brother. In ISSS this parlneiship was dis- 
 solved, and since then he has eonducteil the 
 husiness alone. He has I'reeted over one thou- 
 sand homes in this city. Among some of Ins 
 most notal)le l)uildings are Lawi'cm-c I'^ai-rcll's douhle stoi'cs, on I'eiry sti-cct, <i|iposite Stockton, 
 the Greek Catholic Church and the Hamilton Avenue Mi'tliodi>t Fpiscopal Church. 
 
 .lollN JI. Maui IN KTTK. 
 
 Cn.u;r.i:s II. l)ii,rs. 1).I).S., was horn in Ringoes 
 Hunterdon county. New .hrsey. May ISth, IsCiS. He 
 was earl\' sent to tlii' puhlic school and to the .\cad- 
 emv of Science and .\rl. in his native town. In 
 iSS'.l he graduated with lardit from the New Jer- 
 sev Slate .Model School, of this city. He then en- 
 tei'cd the rni\-ei'si1y of Pennsylvania, where he ]iinsned 
 a course in the Dental Department, graduating in ISDl. 
 He imincdiatelv opened an olliee ill Bristol, Pennsyl- 
 \aiiia, and remained three years, estahlishing a sue- 
 lessful pi-actice. Ill .\pril, ISitl, lie eaiiie to Trenton 
 ami opcnc'l an olliee at No. 221 Fast State street. He 
 still retains his olliee in Bristol. Dr. Dilts is a iiiemlier 
 of the Royal .\reaiHim and has heeii through all the 
 ollices of the local council in Bristol, where he is now 
 Regent. While a studeiit of the I'liiversity of ['eini.-;yl- 
 vaiiia he was a meiiiher of the James Triuiian Di'iital 
 Socielv. He wa.s also initiated into the Iota I'liapter of 
 the I'hi Kappa I'sj Fraternity. This fraternity nunihers 
 among its liiemhers some of the most celehrated pro- 
 fe.ssional men of this country. Dr. Dilts has always I.een much interested in imhlie si.eakiiig, ami 
 was one of the most active niemhers of the Then<aiii<' Dehatiiig Society iluring his .Mod. 1 Seliool 
 days. He had the honor of serving that society in all of its olliees and as cliairmaii of all of its 
 most important comiiiitteus. 
 
 C'iiAitl.i» H. Dn.Ts 
 
r;^2 
 
 THE CITY OF TRENTON. 
 
 Frank J. Birt. 
 
 Frank J. Birt was born in Trenton in 1864. Hit; early etlueation was received in St. .John's 
 Parochial School, of this city, and in Eider's Business College. Later he attended Seton Hall 
 
 College, Soutli Orange, New .Jersey, and the Philadcl- 
 liliia College of J'harniacy, l)eing graduated from the 
 latter institution in 1886. For a year he was clerk in 
 a drug store in New York City, and in 1887 hecanie 
 proprietor of the store at the corner of Centre an<l 
 Bridge streets, Avhere he is still located. ^Ir. Birt con- 
 ducts the iildest-estaldished drug store in South 
 Tnuton, and does a general drug and prescription 
 husiness. 
 
 A\'.\LTKit Fiirrii was luirn in Ilalifn.x', Fjiglaml. 
 in the year ISCil. His fatlier, Saniut'l Firth, canie to 
 America in 1865 and innnediatcly located in Trenton. 
 Tlic following year he started a grorery store, which 
 he conducted \nitil l^'^o, when Walter suci-eedcd to the 
 husiuess. In 18SS he huilt a three-story hrick store 
 and dwelling, corner of North Clinton and Houghton 
 avenues, where he conducts a general store. Mr. Firth 
 is a prominent nienilier of Onala.ska Trihe. Improved 
 (Jrder Red Men, which was organized in his new huild- 
 ing. He is an exempt member and has l)een Vice 
 President of Liberty Steam Fire Engine Comjiany. 
 
 He is Treasurer of the .lohn C. Smith Bowling Club, being one of its organizers. He was married 
 
 on Ai)ril Slli, ISS.",. to Annie Sutcliff, of Philadelphia. They have four children, two hoys 
 
 and two girls. On .Vpril '.Mli, 189.5, Mr. Firth was elected to a seat in the Common Council liy a 
 
 majority of one iiundred and forty-two votes over two 
 
 candidates, in a sti'ongly- Democrnlic ward. As he is 
 
 a staunch Rejiublican this demonstrates his popularity, 
 
 which is not limited to his war<l alone. His father 
 
 was, for a time. Cliaii-UKin of the .MiJlham Township 
 
 Conunittee, and was one of the tirst organizers of a 
 
 .scJKiol district in that locality. 
 
 AicusTiXK A. (iuiiuuN, 1). D.S., was born in 
 Trenton, New .Jersey, in (he year 18(;7. His 
 e(lucation in the luiglish branches was impai'tcd 
 to him at the parochial school of the Sacred Heart 
 Church, and was followeij liy a course at Rider's Busi- 
 ness College, anil later by a further course at St. N'in- 
 cent's College, Westmoreland, Pennsylvania. ^Making 
 dental surgery his siiecial study, he entered the Pennsyl- 
 vania College of Dental Surgery, and after graduating 
 from that institution, he took a special line of training 
 at the .lefferson Medical College, Philadeljjhia. He is a 
 nu'udx'r of the Pierce Society of Dental Surgeons. He 
 worked under instructions with Drs. Knifhn, Smith 
 and Hellyer, and had considerable exjierience in the 
 Pennsylvania Hosjiital, receiving the reeonnnendation of Dr. Morton 
 institution. His oIKce is located at 109 South Warren street, where In 
 
 practice. His knowledge of the profession should certainly enable him to become one of the fore 
 most dentists of the city. 
 
 Ali^lsTINK A. Gridbix. 
 
 the chief surgeon of that 
 is building up a lucrative 
 
THE CTTY OF TREXToX. 
 
 333 
 
 Sa.mikl E. HonsoN was Ixini in r>ui'liiit;tim c-mnily in iM'.s. I li' came tn Trmton in 1SS4 to 
 learn tlie mulortakin.;:- lnisine>s. ]-\,v two years lie was with Charles 1>. OiLiill. and after that time 
 ■with IVaijamin L. HishrdW niitil the hitter's death. 
 Ml-. Ilmlsiin is a jiraetieal and llicii-iin,i;h emhahiiei-, 
 ha\ iiiii- tii'adnated tVi mi the 1 'td] lia ScIkk ,| nf JMiihalm- 
 ilii:-. in lirniiklyii, Xew \'(<vk. and the l\L!y|,liaii Sehnol 
 (if l-aiihalniiiiL;-, in Xew Ynvk City. ]Iis iindeitakinii- 
 
 estahhshment. Xn. ;!1 A\'est State street, \\a< ii|ielled 
 
 •liiiie nth. 1S',I4. He is a prominent memlier of 
 Ma.sonii- and I. (). (>. l'\ loducs of this city. In ISMI 
 he niarrieil Lydia, daiiirhter of Ceoru'c' l.awton, of 
 Trenton. 
 
 ~\MI I I l\ ll..].~..S. 
 
 ^\'EsLEY C. Owens was horn in Xew Ih'imsw iek. 
 
 New .Jersey, in Deecniher, 1SI7. .\fter e.im|ilel inL: a 
 
 course of study he secured em|iloyiiient with Lord A' 
 
 Taylor, in New York City, reniainiiii;- u itli ihem ihii- 
 
 te(.'n years. Sluirtly afterward he eanii' to 'IVentoii. his 
 
 lirst en<;agenicnt heing with the elothinL;- lii-m of Wil- 
 liam .T. Owens i\: Coni|iaiiy. For nearly llfleeii \eai~ 
 
 .Mr. ( )\\iiis carried on the -ale of notions and riii-ni-h- 
 
 ings at Xo. 17'iSoutli Uroad street, .\lioiil nine \-ears 
 
 ago he reliniiui>lied liis store, since which time he has 
 
 heeli retired from acti\-e husiness. l''or lifli'i'ii yi'ars his duties as Seeretarv of the Washington 
 
 Market Association have oceu|jied much of \\\- time. He is also a Director of the (d'eeiiwood 
 
 ('eiiielcry .\>-oeia!ion and is acti\e in the ini|iro\'enieiit 
 ot thai model hiirving-ground. In isc'.l lie married 
 Fli/ahiih, daiiLilitii- of the late .\daiii l'].\tou, and has 
 t\\o chiMren, Mary !•".. and Dr. Hudson Owens. Mr. 
 Owens' m.itei'iial ancestors were the \'an Liens and 
 I'.iickalew s, among the lirst settlers of Middlesex county, 
 New .lersey. His paternal ancestors were early settlers 
 in l'iims\l\ania. making their home near wliat is now 
 known as Lewistown. Mr. < )wens' father was one of 
 the lirst niemliers of the orii^inal ( Ireene Stri'ct Metliod- 
 i-t l'",pi-copnl Chnich. liotli of his gn-at-gnuidfatliers 
 were in the licvolul imi. 
 
 Ilow Ai;ii N. liieiiAiiiis, son of .Toll n .L l!icliards. a 
 prominent groicr of this city, was horn near Durliam, 
 liiicks i-oimty, i'cunsylvaiiia, Septeinher lOth. L"^(>'). 
 When onl\- nine years of age he moved to Trenton 
 and was educated at the ]inlili<' schools of tliis city 
 and at the New .lersey State Model School, graduat- 
 ing from the latter institution in 1SS4. .\t this 
 lime lie entered the (Iruu store of Irving W. Kelly, 
 on the corner of Perry and Montgomery streets. While clerking for Mr, Kelly he studie.l 
 pliannacy, and atlende.l lectures :it the I'hil.adelpliia College of Pharmacy, from which he was 
 graduateil in isxs. On Octoher (itli, IS'.id, .Mr. liichards I.ecame proprietor of the drug store and 
 has since conducted the husiness with marked success. lie gives the store his undiviiled atten- 
 tion, and heing of genial disposition is universally liked and highly rcsiic<'te(l l.y all with whom 
 he comes in contact. On Decemher I'.Hli, ISSS, he was married to Lillian H., daughtir of Samuel 
 J. Kelly, and sistfU' of his former employer. 
 
 II.JW AKI. N. Ki. 
 
384 
 
 THE CITY OF TRENTON. 
 
 IIahisy I). (liUDN. I).1).S.. was Ixn-n in I'liilailiOpliia, Pennsylvania, in OctolxT, 1S4-"). Wlirn a 
 voiini: man lie came ti> Trcntim. ami for live years stn<lie<l ilentistry with Dr. Charles l)i|)]iiilt. with 
 
 whom he was assoeiated as assistant and partner for 
 twenty-two years, i^ince this time he has ()ccu]iieil liis 
 jiresent otiiees, located on the second llmir of his hand- 
 some residence, IS,") Sonth Broad street. In 1x71) Dr. 
 (iihon married ^hiry 15. Page, of Trenton. They have 
 four danirhters and one son, Harry D., Jr.. a nienil>er 
 .if the Class of "'.)■') in the Philadeliihia Dental Collejre. 
 Dr. Cihon startecl life a poor hoy. with very little or 
 no ontside lu'lp, hut has suceecded in estahlishini: him- 
 self as one of the most successful dentists in Trenton. 
 
 Ci..\UK.NcK Kmii.ic (^riNi'iN was horn in Ihunillon 
 townshiji Fehruary 24tli, lS(i"). He ol)taine<l an excel- 
 lent education in the Trenton Institute, Pelmont (iram- 
 mar School, and later took a course in the Ti'enton 
 l)Usim-s ColK'jic, irraduatinir fi'om the latter school in 
 iss:',. In l.SSii, he entere(l into partnershiii with his 
 lirother. D. Scott <iuintin, .Ir.. the celelirated trainer of 
 horses. This tirm estahlished the [jrcsent Trenton 
 Uidiuir Academy, which has proved a hii; success. Since 
 
 II Mlli i I ' ■ ■ I III ' ^. ' ■ ' 
 
 .\)iril 1st. IX'.'l. the academy lias hccn under the sole 
 control of Mr. Clarence tiuintin, who, like the rest of the (^lintin family, is a thorou,i;h iiorseman. 
 His success in traininji hiuh-clas.s horses is marvelous, and he is eipially successful in tcachinir that 
 rare acconi)ilishnient — irood I'idini;-. In connection with the academy is a lixcry and hoardiuLT stahle. 
 The huildinj; is large and tlioroughly adapted to the 
 husiness, extending from Academy street to Commerce 
 street, .\mong the horses that liavi' heen trained hy 
 Mr. (iuintin were tlu' cek'hrated heauties "Boston," 
 "Sweetheart,"' •• Patsy" and "New York." The 
 academy is admirahly conducted and is liherally patro- 
 nized hy Trenton's hest citizens. On Novenil)er oth, 
 IS'.t-i. Mr. (iuintin took to the altar of Hymen Eliza- 
 hetli W. Iiuloii. one of Ti'enton's most estimahle voung 
 ladies. 
 
 l.iiiH Dii:ill,. Su., was horn in France in ]N2S. 
 He receivecl his education and also learned the trade 
 of hutclier in his native country. When ahout twenty- 
 si.x years of age he came to Anu'ric-a, and si'ttlcd at 
 once on a farm nc'ar this city. For some time he did 
 farm work, and then .secured a ]iosition in the ruhher 
 mills, where he worked several years. In ISS.'!, he 
 openeil a cafe at Si) Klagg avenue, which he success- 
 fully conducted until the time of his death, March 
 ■JOth, IS'.)."). Mr. Diehl was more or less prominently 
 connected with the })olitical life of the city and county. For ahont foiu' years he was Con- 
 stahle, and from IS.Sli to ISIX) he was a memher of tlu' ])oard of Chosen Freeholders. In 1S.")7, 
 Mr. Diehl married .lane Doh<Tty. who dic(l in ]S~:\, leaving live childi-cn. Stcjihcn L., Mary, 
 Louis, Jr., Jennie and Sarah. Mr. Diehl was i|uite an athlete in his day, and was at onetime 
 a famous sprinter. 
 
 I - lniiii.. >K. 
 
THE CITY OF TltENTON. 335 
 
 Bro\vek X- Putts. — Trevdiic II. P>iii\v(r was hoin in Freehold, New Jersey, in 1863. He was 
 e<hicate(l at a i-oiintrv sc-Iumi] and the Frcelidld Institute. He entereil a store at Manasi|uaii and 
 latcT was eni|Flnyc(l \<y AUicrt Clayton, of Ti-cnton. There he remained four years. Mr. Hrower is 
 a member of the Hoard of Direetors of the V. M. ('. A. and ex-Pro.sideiit of Trenton Loeal Union of 
 Christian Endeavor Societies, .lohn .\nderson JNitts was horn n(>ar Mount Holly in 1S.")7. His 
 early life was i)assed on a farm in liurlinLiton eoiuity. lie was edueate(l at a eountrv school. 
 Coining to Trenton, Mr. Potts entered the employ of Owen II. LiK'ke, .shoe dealer, where lie 
 remained several yeai-s. Tlu' jiartiiership of the ahove linn was formed in .\]iril, 1S8S, when thev 
 became dealers in fancy groceries, domestic and im|iorted. Their liivt ston' was located in ('lark 
 Brothers' building, on the corner of Warren and West Hanover streets, 'i'heiicc thev removed to 
 5 South Rroad street, where they cdntimied business until they rcmoNid to tlieir present large and 
 tlioroughly-eiiui|iped store in the Wimlsor Hotel building, 117 and 111) I'^ast State street. The 
 untiring enei-gy of both inembi'rs of the firm has [ilaced them in the lirst rank among local dealers. 
 
 
INDEX 
 
 A. 
 
 Abrahiimsnn, C. M., 
 Adams, C. F , . 
 Allinson, I). Cooper, 
 Apgar, W. H , . . 
 
 Bainliridge, Willis P. 
 Haker, C'.II, . , 
 Haker, L. F., . . 
 Baker, P. E., . 
 Barwis, Elmer, . 
 Roaslev, Mercer, . 
 Heatty;il. M, • 
 Hird, Clietwood, . 
 Bird, John T., . . 
 Bin, Frank J., . . 
 151amli, Jarol), . 
 Itonney, Kobt. B., 
 Brewer, J. Hart, . 
 Bruere, A. T., . . 
 I'riilon, C. P., 
 H rower & Potts, 
 Buchanan, James, 
 Kurley, (;has. S , . 
 Burroughs, C. II., 
 Burtis, H. J., . . 
 
 C. 
 
 Cain, Gardner II., 
 
 Cantwell, F. V., 
 
 Case, C. B., . . 
 
 Cauldwell, W.II., . 
 Cliamliers, Benj. F., 
 Chambers, J. S., . 
 Chambers, Thos. S., 
 Clark, James, . . 
 Clark, W. A., Jr., . 
 Condiet, K. C, . . 
 Cook, E. G., . . . 
 Cooper, J;i.s. R., . 
 Cooi>er, W. II., . . 
 Colenian. J. B., . 
 Cornell, J. W., . . 
 Coutier, Louis, . . 
 Co.xon, Jonathan, Sr. 
 Coxon, Jonathan, Jr 
 Cravthorn, C. J., . . 
 (ranmer, Geo. T., . 
 Crossley, W. J., . . 
 
 D. 
 
 Payton, W. L., . 
 Diehl, Louis, Sr., 
 Diehl, Louis, Jr., 
 Dey, A. II , . . 
 Dickinson, E. L., 
 Dilt.s, C. H, . . 
 Dippolt, Charles, 
 Dunham, C. IL, . 
 
 E. 
 
 Elmer, William, 
 Evans, E. W., . 
 Exton, Wm. T., 
 
 F. 
 
 Fell, A. S., . . 
 Fell, J. B., . . . 
 Firth, Walter, . 
 Fish, Benjamin, . 
 Fiizgeorge, George, 
 Freudenmacher, Philip, 
 
 107 
 222 
 193 
 192 
 
 . . . 199 
 . . 3ti9 
 
 . . . 164 
 
 11 lustration. 
 
 . . . 225 
 1,S8 
 223 
 311 
 18t) 
 332 
 317 
 304 
 321 
 225 
 208 
 335 
 189 
 330 
 222 
 317 
 
 Gerrv, 0. W., . 
 (iihon, II. D., . 
 (tinnelley, E. H., 
 Ginnodo, J. Q., 
 
 G. 
 
 198 
 214 
 304 
 326 
 299 
 306 
 297 
 207 
 211 
 321 
 187 
 214 
 328 
 207 
 318 
 315 
 319 
 320 
 215 
 296 
 200 
 
 183 
 334 
 32(! 
 218 
 224 
 331 
 326 
 220 
 
 210 
 192 
 325 
 
 221 
 303 
 332 
 298 
 302 
 327 
 
 220 
 334 
 311 
 306 
 
 Golding, Moses, . . . 
 
 Gray, J. D 
 
 (Jreen, Edwin, . . . 
 Green, J. M., . . . 
 (jregory, B. C., . . . 
 (iribl)in, A. A., . . 
 Gritiith, \V. H. G., . . 
 Guiuinere, Barker, Jr., 
 Gnminere, W. S., . . 
 Gunson, B. F 
 
 310 
 323 
 324 
 150 
 102 
 332 
 209 
 309 
 191 
 319 
 
 H. 
 
 Ilamill, Hugh H., . 
 Ilaiuilton, M. K , . . 
 Ilanimiii, Levi T., . 
 Hawth(ji'n, John, . . 
 lleadley-Leavitt Co., 
 He.ath, Samuel, . . 
 Hill, E<lmund C, . 
 llodson, S. F,, . . . 
 Ilowell, Israel, . . 
 Hutchinson, B. B., 
 Hutchinson, _S. B., . 
 
 Johnson, Wm. Y., 
 
 K. 
 
 Kafes, J. L , . . 
 Keegan, Martin, 
 Keniler, E. A., . 
 Kitson, Cha.s. P., 
 Klein, J. Henrv, 
 
 L. 
 Lalor, Frank H., . . 
 Lalor, \V. S., . . . 
 Lane, J. B., .... 
 Lanning, J. W., . . 
 Lanning, Wm. I\I., 
 Leavitt, Lyman, 
 Lee, Francis B., . . 
 Lee, William IL, . 
 Leigh, Hutchinson, . 
 
 Loos, I. B 
 
 Lutze, A. F. R., . . 
 
 M. 
 
 Mackenzie, T. H., . . 
 Macpherson, G. W., 
 
 Maple, J. C 
 
 Margernm, J. D., . . 
 Martinelte, J. IL, 
 
 McCuiiough, w. c;.. . 
 
 .McFaul, J. .\., Rt. Rev. 
 Mctialliard, B. W., . 
 McKclwav, .John, 
 Mickel, Wm. H., . . 
 Moore, Eckford, . . 
 Moore, J. II. , . . 
 
 Moore, J. T. 
 
 Montgomery. John A., 
 JIurray, C. Edward, 
 Mutchler, Wm. IL, . 
 Murphy, John L., . . 
 
 N. 
 Norton, Horace G., 
 
 O'Farrell, M.J.,Rt. Rev., 
 Oliphant, N. B , . . . 
 Oliphant, S. I)., Sr., . . 
 Owens, W. C, .... 
 
 P. 
 Parker, Lewis, . . 
 Patterson, John H., 
 Pierson, L. C, . . 
 
 191 
 145 
 199 
 314 
 325 
 301 
 308 
 333 
 301 
 200 
 195 
 
 190 
 
 313 
 314 
 327 
 318 
 322 
 
 142 
 208 
 329 
 299 
 187 
 223 
 197 
 316 
 310 
 224 
 330 
 
 221 
 190 
 315 
 323 
 331 
 212 
 172 
 219 
 207 
 329 
 303 
 330 
 322 
 200 
 312 
 300 
 250 
 
 216 
 
 170 
 217 
 184 
 333 
 
 185 
 149 
 102 
 
 Poulson & Coleman, .... 331 
 
 Price, Geo. W , 324 
 
 Perrine Lewis, Sr., .... 195 
 
 Perrine, Lewis, Jr., .... 196 
 
 Phillips, W. W. L., .... 207' 
 
 Q- 
 
 (.^uintin, C. E., 334 
 
 R. 
 
 Raub, Thos. E., 314 
 
 Reed, Alfred, 191 
 
 Held, Chas. A., 318 
 
 Rellslab, John, 189 
 
 Rice, Wm, 213 
 
 Richards UN., 333 
 
 Rickev, A. H , 305 
 
 Rider,' A. J., 106 
 
 Rohhin.s, Carroll, 199 
 
 Roberts, C. E 202 
 
 Rogers, R. R., Sr, 210 
 
 Rogers, R. R., Jr., .... 218 
 
 Rusling, Jas. F., 182 
 
 S. 
 
 Sattcrthwait, Linton 201 
 
 Satterthwaite, Jos. H , . . . 215 
 
 Scarborough, John, Rt. Rev., 168 
 
 Scndder, H. C, 201 
 
 Shaw, Jos. B., 217 
 
 Shepherd, C, 216 
 
 Skirra, A. A., 313 
 
 Solan, M. J., 300 
 
 Southwick, J. A 302 
 
 Spencer. Bird W., 322 
 
 Stelle, W. W 312 
 
 Stevens, Thos. S., 320 
 
 Stockton, J. P 186 
 
 Stokes, E. H., 316 
 
 Stokes, J. W., 316 
 
 Stout, J. G 327 
 
 Struble, Wm McD., .... 219 
 
 Strvker, Wm. S., 296 
 
 Swayze, H. M., 313 
 
 T. 
 
 Tantum, J. D., 225 
 
 Taylor, John, 297 
 
 T.aylor, John L., 207 
 
 T.aylor Provision Co., The, . 312 
 
 Terradell, T. M., 311 
 
 Turner, J. P., 212 
 
 V. 
 
 \'an Clcef, John T 198 
 
 \'an Syckel, Bonnet, . . . 184 
 
 \rooni, Ciarret D. W., . . . 189 
 
 W. 
 
 Walker, E. R , 202 
 
 Walker, Sanniel, Jr., .... 188 
 
 Weeks, II. M., 209 
 
 Weller, F. M. 305 
 
 Wetherill, ILG., 211 
 
 Wells, J. M., 214 
 
 White, Thos M., 328 
 
 White, W. H., 304 
 
 Whittaker, Jno. IL, .... 302 
 
 Witte, Eugene B., 215 
 
 WoodruMIR. S. 202 
 
 \Voodward, F. F. C 307 
 
 Woolsey, W. W. 222 
 
 Woolverton, John, .... 207 
 
 Worthington, A H 213 
 
 Wyckoli; W. W., 213 
 
 Y. 
 
 Yard, Emorv N., 294 
 
 Yard, W. S.; 295 
 
 -\ 
 

 
 
 
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