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 LIBRARY OF CONGRESS. % 
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 UNITED STATES OF AMERICA. 
 
LOYE W MARRIAGE. 
 
 %n ]§x8iaxxtKl Siuirj. 
 
 LADY EACHAEL EUSSELL. 
 
 By GUIZOT. 
 
 
 TRANSLATED FROM THE FRENCH BY 
 
 MARGUERITE O. STEVENS. 
 
 SJUto §0rh: 
 
 PUBLISHED BY CARLTON & PORTER, 
 
 200 MULBERBY-STBEET. 
 
 1864. 
 
 7T- 
 

 Entered according to Act of Congress, in the year 1864, 
 
 By CARLTON & PORTER, 
 
 in the Clerk's Office of the District Court of the United States for 
 the Southern District of New-York. 
 
 iTEB LIBRARY 
 JOF CONGRESS 
 
 WASHINGTON 
 
PREFACE. 
 
 The translator of this brochure was in 
 Paris about the time that it appeared 
 from the press. It produced no little 
 excitement among the Parisian reading 
 public. The name of Guizot was, of 
 course, a guarantee that it was worthy 
 of attention; its title, however, presented 
 greater attractions. "L' Amour Dans le 
 Mariage" is a phrase of peculiarly doubt- 
 ful significance to the fashionable and lit- 
 erary society of the French metropolis, in 
 
4 Peeface. 
 
 which the great author holds a pre-emi- 
 nent place. Curiosity was awakened to 
 ascertain what he could say on a subject 
 deemed so ambiguous. Had he, like his 
 distinguished cotemporaries, Cousin and 
 Michelet, tired of the philosophy of His- 
 tory, and undertaken to refresh his old 
 age by the study of sentiment and ro- 
 mance ? Thousands, attracted by the title 
 of the little book, were doubtless dis- 
 appointed; but all of elevated taste 
 must have been favorably undeceived. 
 The veteran writer had delineated, in 
 his severest historic style, an example, 
 in noble life, of the purest moral noble- 
 ness, a romance of reality, full of human 
 tenderness and religious beauty. He had 
 
Preface. 5 
 
 no need of the aids of meretricious sen 
 thnentality or embellishment. The cut- 
 ting of the diamond must follow the 
 cleavage of its own natural facets. 
 
 On returning to America with her man- 
 uscript, the translator noticed in the news^ 
 papers the announcement of a version by 
 one of our most celebrated female authors. 
 The manuscript was therefore thrown 
 aside; but the advertised translation 
 failed to appear. It was probably found 
 inconvenient to obtain in this country 
 some of the English letters used in French 
 by Guizot, and obviously a retranslation 
 from the French into English would be 
 inadmissible in documents requiring ver- 
 bal exactness. The present translator 
 
6 Preface. 
 
 has the advantage of possessing these 
 letters. 
 
 Guizot has not only presented in these 
 pages a beautiful example of "Love in 
 Marriage," but has illuminated one of 
 the most interesting passages of British 
 history. 
 
CONTENTS. 
 
 PAGE 
 
 I. ROMANCE AND FACT 9 
 
 II. LORD SOUTHAMPTON 12 
 
 III. THE FAMILY OF RUVIGNY 24 
 
 IV. YOUTH OF LADY RUSSELL 32 
 
 Y. LORD WILLIAM RUSSELL 3Y 
 
 VI. LOVE ^N MARRIAGE 44 
 
 VII. TRIAL AND EXECUTION OF LORD RUSSELL 54 
 
 VIII. LADY RUSSELL IN WIDOWHOOD 82 
 
 IX. HER LATTER YEARS 114 
 
 X. HER LAST DAYS 131 
 
LOYE II MARRIAGE. 
 
 i 
 
 The demand of the present day is for 
 romances. But why do we not search 
 history for them? There human life is 
 found in its most varied and dramatic 
 scenes; there the human heart is dis- 
 played with its most vivid passions, with 
 the sovereign charm of variety over all. 
 I admire and enjoy imagination as much 
 as any one ; that creative power which 
 draws existences from nothing, animates 
 them, colors them, and makes them live 
 before us, revealiug the resources of the 
 
10 Love i^ Marriage. 
 
 soul through all the vicissitudes of destiny. 
 But characters who have really lived, who 
 have truly experienced adverse fortunes 
 and the passions, joys, and griefs which 
 have such an influence over us, when I 
 see these closely and intimately, they at- 
 tract and retain my interest much more 
 powerfully than the most perfect poem or 
 romance. When the divine traits of that 
 work of God, the living being, are shown 
 to us, it is more beautiful to me than any 
 human creation; for of all poets God is 
 the greatest. 
 
 In studying the history of England I 
 have found two narratives more interest- 
 ing, in my opinion, than any romance. 
 The first is that of a king making a mar- 
 riage of affection, and the other the de- 
 voted attachment in domestic life of a 
 great, liberal, and Christian nobleman. 
 The privacy of the family is unvailed, 
 
Love in Marriage. 11 
 
 revealing its sweetest and most charming 
 secrets ; while the real actors are the lofti- 
 est characters of the empire, and the scenes 
 are amid the grandest events of public life. 
 I may, perhaps, at some future time refer 
 to the royal marriage ; but it is the house- 
 hold of the nobleman I wish now to pre- 
 sent to my readers. 
 
12 Love in Marriage. 
 
 II. 
 
 One of the most independent, and at 
 the same time one of the most faithful 
 of the counselors and defenders of Charles 
 the First in his adversities, was Thomas 
 Wriothesley, Earl of Southampton. He 
 had naturally no taste for courtly life or 
 power, or personal grandeur. The almost 
 simultaneous death of his father and eldest 
 brother suddenly put him in possession of 
 the fortune and title of his family ; but he 
 was more embarrassed than pleased with 
 his newly-acquired honors, and for some 
 time, it is said, he blushed and turned 
 aside his head whenever he was addressed 
 as "My Lord." He was naturally melan- 
 choly, inactive, and proud, full of sensi- 
 
Love in Marriage. 13 
 
 bility, but reserved and silent, though 
 strongly attached to his own ideas and 
 sentiments, and ready to sacrifice every- 
 thing for them. Perhaps he was some- 
 what proudly defiant to those who opposed 
 them, but he was without ambition or de- 
 sire for domination, seldom hopeful or 
 sanguine of success, and never left his 
 retirement except at the call of duty or 
 necessity. When the debate between 
 Charles I. and the Long Parliament com- 
 menced, Lord Southampton took his place 
 in the House of Lords with very unfavor- 
 able feelings toward the pretensions of the 
 crown and its ministers, and particularly 
 toward Lord Stafford. As a good English- 
 man he wished to respect the laws, national 
 traditions, and the intervention of Parlia- 
 ment in the affairs of his country. If he 
 did not consider liberty of conscience an 
 inalienable right, like a good and upright 
 
14 Love in Marriage. 
 
 Christian he was displeased with any tyr- 
 anny attempted in these matters, and he 
 desired more tolerance and charity toward 
 those who differed from him in opinion. 
 In the early days of the Long Parliament 
 he often voted against the bishops and the 
 crown for the reform of abuses, or the 
 punishment of violent despotism, both re- 
 ligious and political. He seldom appeared 
 at court, and began to be regarded by the 
 king as a malcontent, like his friend the 
 Earl of Essex. When, however, popular 
 violence broke forth, when the disorders 
 of the iniquitous Parliament could no lon- 
 ger be concealed, when he saw the laws 
 violated and the monarchy menaced by 
 new despots, he suddenly returned and 
 took his place, without eagerness or con- 
 fidence, but with a proud conscientious- 
 ness, among the defenders or rather serv- 
 ants of the king. 
 
Love in Marriage. 15 
 
 Though a stranger to all party combina- 
 tions or systematic plans, and without any 
 intention of reforming the constitution of 
 his country in the future, he opposed in- 
 justice, illegality, disorder, and violence in 
 the present, not troubling himself about 
 abstract principles, or the distant hopes 
 which they might have held forth to 
 others. The proceedings of Parliament 
 against Lord Stafford appeared to him 
 arbitrary, and his punishment undeserv- 
 edly severe ; and he defended him, though 
 he had at first attacked him. Both Houses 
 had voted that it was inexpedient for any 
 of their members to give themselves to the 
 personal service of the Crown ; he accept- 
 ed, though with regret, the office of privy 
 counselor to the king, and afterward that 
 of gentleman of the bed-chamber. When 
 civil war broke out, though he detested 
 the measure, and had no hopes of a happy 
 
16 Love in Marriage. 
 
 settlement whichever party should be suc- 
 cessful, he immediately took his place in 
 the royal army, was at the battle of Edge- 
 hill, and though he was every day more 
 dissatisfied with the court, followed it to 
 Oxford, maintaining in its midst all his 
 independence and proud susceptibility. 
 One day in the council he expressed him- 
 self in severe terms against Prince Rupert 
 and his arrogance toward the English no- 
 bility. The prince, to whom the state- 
 ments were reported with the usual 
 amount of exaggeration, inquired of him 
 if they were true. The earl acknowledged 
 and maintained his opinion by an exact 
 repetition of his words. Prince Rupert, 
 deeply offended by his remarks, informed 
 him that he should be ready to receive 
 satisfaction from him in a sword en- 
 counter on horseback. They met the 
 next day. 
 
Love in Marriage. 17 
 
 " "What weapons do you choose ?" asked 
 the prince. 
 
 "I have," said the earl, " no. horse here 
 suitable for this service ;• I' do not know 
 where to find one immediately ; besides, I 
 am too small and too. feeble to measure 
 myself thus with your highness. I beg 
 you to excuse me, and allow me to use the 
 weapons to which I am accustomed. I will 
 light with pistols on foot." 
 
 Prince Rupert unhesitatingly accepted. 
 The seconds were chosen, and the rendez- 
 vous was fixed for the next day; but the 
 affair got abroad. The Lords of the Coun- 
 cil interfered, closed the gates of the city, 
 summoned witnesses, and succeeded in 
 reconciling the earl with the prince, who 
 treated him afterward with the greatest 
 regard. 
 
 When the war terminated, and the king 
 
 fell into the power of Parliament, Lord 
 2 
 
18 Love in Marriage. 
 
 Southampton eagerly sought every oppor- 
 tunity of approaching him, and every 
 means of serving him. When all efforts 
 had failed, when the trial, condemnation, 
 and execution of Charles left nothing more 
 to be hoped or attempted, he did not con- 
 sider himself released from his duty to his 
 king. The 18th of February, 1649, the 
 day when the royal remains were to be 
 buried in Windsor Castle, Lord South- 
 ampton was present to accompany to the 
 tomb the coffin of the prince whom he had 
 neither been able to save nor enlighten. 
 The snow fell in abundance, and in its 
 short passage the black velvet pall that 
 covered the bier was completely white 
 with it, an emblem of the innocence which 
 his faithful followers hoped to prove of 
 him who was beneath it. 
 
 After the abolition of royalty, while the 
 Republic and Cromwell were in power, 
 
Love in Marriage. 19 
 
 Lord Southampton lived retired in bis 
 castle, at Tichfield, in Hampshire, as much 
 a stranger to the plots of his party as to 
 the new rulers of his country. Inflexibly 
 faithful to the proscribed Charles II., he 
 transmitted not only useful advice to him, 
 but all the money he could raise on his 
 fortune, though it had been much reduced 
 by sequestration and taxes. But he took 
 no more decisive part with the insurrection- 
 ary attempts of the royalists, nor with the 
 malcontent republicans, nor in intriguing 
 alliances with foreigners. His good sense, 
 his zealous patriotism, and his natural 
 indolence, all conspired to retain him in 
 this attitude of honorable inactivity. One 
 day he learned that Cromwell, who had 
 come into Hampshire on the occasion of 
 the marriage of his son Eichard, had men- 
 tioned his intention of surprising him with 
 a visit. Lord Southampton immediately 
 
20 Love in Marriage. 
 
 left his castle, and returned to it only 
 when Cromwell had left the county. 
 
 After the Restoration, notwithstanding 
 his previous inactivity, Lord Southampton 
 found himself in the first rank of the lords 
 and former counselors of Charles I., whom 
 the royalist opinions now called into 
 power. He was also the intimate friend 
 of Chancellor Hyde, who was on the most 
 confidential terms with Charles II. He 
 was Grand Treasurer at the same time 
 that Hyde became Lord Chancellor and 
 Earl of Clarendon. During seven years 
 the two friends, one in principle, though 
 very different in character, exerted them- 
 selves to sustain at the same time the 
 heartless and corrupt monarch, the dis- 
 contented, though triumphant party, and 
 the austere, humiliated, and irritated na- 
 tion. Clarendon, who was ambitious, labo- 
 rious, and passionate for his Church, his 
 
Love in Marriage. 21 
 
 cause, .his power, and his rank, struggled 
 strenuously against his former and later 
 enemies, and against the decline of his 
 favor with his royal pupil, who had be- 
 come his king. Southampton, who was 
 less active, preferring his ease and leisure, 
 was also of a more liberal mind and heart ; 
 tormented besides by disease, he dis- 
 charged his duties conscientiously, and 
 made vain efforts to maintain order and 
 probity in the finances of the Crown ; was 
 often sad, disgusted, sick, and frequently 
 manifested, to Clarendon's great vexation, 
 his desire of retiring from a situation 
 which he occupied without pleasure and 
 without success. 
 
 In the last century France also pos- 
 sessed two men of rare virtue and of 
 somewhat similar character, Turgot and 
 Malesherbes, who were associated together 
 in the exercise of power. Turgot was full 
 
22 Love in Marriage. 
 
 of ardor, faith, hope, and perseverance. 
 Malesherbes was as sincere, but more fee- 
 ble ; more easily discouraged, often saying, 
 "Turgot does not wish me to resign; he 
 does not see that we shall both be driven 
 from our positions." They were, in fact, 
 both dismissed by a king, good-hearted 
 like themselves, who valued them, but 
 who defended them no better than he 
 defended himself. Charles II., who was 
 as clear-sighted as he was corrupt, soon 
 perceived Lord Southampton's reluctance 
 for his position, resolved to take advant- 
 age of it, and rid himself noiselessly from 
 an inconveniently independent counselor; 
 but Clarendon exerted all his remaining 
 credit to continue his friend in office, as 
 he had continued himself, and Lord South- 
 ampton remained Grand Treasurer till his 
 death, which happened a few months after. 
 He bade adieu to his position and to life 
 
Love in Marriage. 2o 
 
 without bowing, like the Lord Chancellor 
 in the sadness of exile, under the unjust 
 hatred of the people and the ingratitude 
 of the king. 
 
Love in Marriage. 
 
 III. 
 
 Lord Southampton had married Rachael 
 de Ruvigny, a French lady, a descendant 
 of one of those noble families* who, in 
 the sixteenth century, had embraced the 
 cause of the Reformation, though feeble 
 and persecuted from its cradle. Faith 
 and conscience had induced them to take 
 this course, for no personal interest and 
 no temptation of riches or power had 
 influenced them. At the time of the mar- 
 riage of Lord Southampton with Rachael 
 de Ruvigny the edict of Nantes was in 
 
 * Their name was Massue, Beigneurs of Raynevel, in 
 Picardy, Marquis de Ruvigny. Vide " Dictionnaire de la 
 Noblesse de la Chesnaye des Bois," tome ix, p. 59-1; 
 and "Xobilliare de Picardie." 
 
Love in Marriage. 25 
 
 full vigor, and Richelieu, though persecut- 
 ing aud destroying the Protestants as a 
 political party, left their religious rights 
 undisturbed, and even employed without 
 hesitation in various public positions those 
 among them whom he found devoted to 
 the interest of the Crown and to himself. 
 Mazarin followed the example of Richelieu ; 
 he was as wise in the recognition of the 
 religious liberty of the Protestants, but 
 more timid in admitting them to the 
 offices of State. Though free and tranquil 
 within the limits of the edict, conquered 
 Protestantism lost daily in France that 
 real strength of action and of general 
 opinion which are the only sure guarantee 
 of liberty. Protestant churches were not 
 closed, and the Protestants were not 
 driven from their country; but they were 
 repulsed in private life, and made to feel 
 the isolation of foreigners. The brother 
 
26 Love in Marriage. 
 
 of Lacly Southampton, the Marquis de 
 Ruvigny, was one of the most able and 
 important Protestants of that period. 
 During the troubles of the Fronde, he 
 gave to Anne of Austria and to Mazarin 
 himself proofs of active, useful, and per- 
 severing fidelity. "With the reduction of 
 the Fronde, Mazarin, wishing to reward 
 Ruvigny, chose him as Deputy-General 
 of the National Synod of the Reformed 
 Churches of France. The office comprised 
 a double function, making him Charge 
 (V Affaires from the king to the Protestants, 
 and from the Protestants to the king. 
 Ruvigny discharged this delicate mission 
 with skillful zeal ; though often disliked, 
 and even suspected by both parties, he 
 remained equally faithful to the king and 
 to his own Church, and was little dis- 
 turbed by their alternate disj)leasure if 
 he but succeeded in maintaining peace and 
 
Love in Maeeiage. 27 
 
 right between them. The office, however, 
 was not one which pleased him, and he 
 had other hopes for his ambition. He 
 wished to open a different career for him- 
 self, either in the army or out of it ; but 
 he was soon given to understand that no 
 such opportunity as he desired could be 
 expected without a change of religion. 
 He was appointed to some services with 
 the Protestants which he alone could 
 manage, but beyond this the future was 
 utterly closed to him. 
 
 After the death of Mazarin and the 
 restoration of the Stuarts, the numerous 
 relatives of Ruvigny in England, his inti- 
 mate connections with the Southampton, 
 Russell, and other important families, both 
 in the court and opposition, readily ob 
 tained for him, without efforts on his part, 
 that which he had formerly vainly desired. 
 He was employed in various secret negoti- 
 
28 Love in Marriage. 
 
 ations between the courts of Paris and 
 London, now laboring to produce harmony 
 between the two kings, and now to secure 
 the influence of Louis XIV. over the most 
 ardent leaders of the opposition in Parlia- 
 ment. The French monarch had a sincere 
 esteem for him, and Charles II. treated 
 him with marked favor: "I have told 
 Ruvigny all that is my heart. . . . France 
 has never gone so far in its manifestation 
 of good intentions as when he resided 
 here," Charles wrote to his sister, the 
 Duchess of Orleans. As a good French- 
 man, a devoted royalist, and a sincere 
 Protestant, Kuvigny made great efforts to 
 serve his country, his king, and his religion 
 at the same time, without any illusive 
 hopes, however, of more than a brief suc- 
 cess in this difficult attempt. The Edict 
 of Nantes yet existed, but like a ruined 
 and abandoned edifice, which only awaits 
 
Love in Marriage. 29 
 
 one decided blow to lay it in ruins. Under 
 the impulse of the general sentiment of 
 catholic France, and at the pressing inter- 
 cession of the clergy, Louis XIV., led on 
 by that false and fatal idea that civil pow- 
 er has a right over conscience, and that 
 unity of state is identified with unity of 
 faith, with a want of probity which he 
 would not have been guilty of toward 
 foreigners, broke, sometimes secretly and 
 sometimes openly, the royal promises and 
 legal guaranties which a part of his own 
 subjects had received from his ancestors. 
 The Marquis de Ruvigny, though a faith- 
 ful servant of the king, could not blind 
 himself to the final issue of this proceed- 
 ing ; resolving when the last moment 
 should come to sacrifice everything rather 
 than his faith and the honor of his soul, 
 he took care to secure for himself and his 
 children letters of naturalization in En- 
 
30 Love in Marriage. 
 
 gland, and in January, 1680, he wrote to 
 his niece, Lady Kussell: "I send you our 
 letters of naturalization, which will be safer 
 in your hands than in mine. I beg you 
 and also your sister (Lady Elizabeth Noel) 
 to preserve them for me. They may be 
 of service, for nothing is more uncer- 
 tain than events." Events were not, how- 
 ever, long uncertain. Five years afterward 
 the Edict of Nantes was formally revoked. 
 With great difficulty Ruvigny obtained, 
 through the personal favor of Louis NIV. 
 as a reward for his services, the privilege 
 of exiling himself and his family from his 
 country, instead of making a precipitate 
 flight. Some years later, in IT 11, the 
 king gave to the Abbe de Polignac the 
 confiscation of the property of his son, 
 Henry de Ruvigny, who had then become 
 Lord Galway, in the service of \yilliam III. 
 of England. 
 
Love in Marriage. 31 
 
 Aside from its general consequences, the 
 revocation of the Edict of Nantes cost 
 France and the king three excellent and 
 glorious servants: the Marshal de Schom- 
 berg in the army, Admiral Duquesne in 
 the navy, and the Marquis de Ruvigny in 
 diplomacy. 
 
32 Love in Mauri age. 
 
 IV. 
 
 gmttjr of «£aim Bnssdl 
 
 From the marriage of the Earl of South- 
 ampton with Rachael de Ruvigny a daugh- 
 ter was born in 1636, who bore like her 
 mother the name of Rachael. The off- 
 spring of this noble and conscientious pair 
 was educated in the English and French 
 traditions of virtue and piety; she re- 
 ceived, besides, from the events in which 
 her youth was passed, those strong mor- 
 al impressions which never fail to ele- 
 vate souls who are not crushed beneath 
 their weight. She early learned to sym- 
 pathize deeply with the misfortunes of 
 others, and to endure domestic afflictions 
 patiently. Her mother died during her 
 
Love in Marriage. 33 
 
 infancy, and Lord Southampton married a 
 second time, an occasion naturally of much 
 domestic annoyance, even when it is not 
 the source of real troubles ; but he pre- 
 served the tenderest affection for the two 
 daughters of his first wife, and Rachael 
 fondly loved and respected her father. 
 She saw him, without sanguine illusions or 
 mental servility, devoted to that political 
 party which, after due consideration, he 
 believed the most just, remaining at the 
 same time a royalist and a patriot. The 
 actions and conversation of Lord South- 
 ampton were marked by an enlightened 
 but firm piety. In the life which his 
 daughter led, nothing could trouble or 
 destroy the salutary impressions which 
 these examples had produced upon her 
 character. At the time when she passed 
 from childhood to youth she lived far from 
 the world, in the country, in those habits 
 
 3 
 
34 Love in Marriage. 
 
 of tranquillity, dignity, and simplicity, so- 
 cial elevation and popular benevolence, 
 which are the best honor of a Christian 
 aristocracy. In 1673, at seventeen years 
 of age, she was beautiful, pious, and vi- 
 vacious, without excess or want of imagin- 
 ation, disposed to enjoy life peaceably, 
 receiving benefits as mercies, and adversi- 
 ties as lessons from the hand of God. At 
 this time Lord Vaughan, eldest son of the 
 Earl of Carbury, asked her hand in mar- 
 riage, according to previous arrangements, 
 which had been made by the relatives 
 almost without her knowledge. Speaking 
 afterward of this marriage to one of her 
 friends, she said it was one of those unions 
 which was rather accepted than chosen by 
 either party. She went to reside with her 
 father-in-law at Golden Grove, in Wales, 
 and fulfilled all the duties of her new situ- 
 ation without effort or pretension, inspir- 
 
Love m Marriage. 35 
 
 ing the liveliest affection in all around her, 
 but producing no other effect than those 
 naturally resulting from her gentle virtues, 
 her agreeable disposition, and her perfect 
 and constant kindness, which was re- 
 marked by every one. "There is no 
 charm in the world comparable with 
 kindness," wrote one of her husband's 
 friends to her, "and you are the best 
 proof of it. All who know you are com- 
 pelled to honor you; and you owe them 
 no gratitude for it, for they cannot do 
 otherwise." Fourteen years thus flowed 
 on in virtuous and modest happiness. In 
 1665, the only child of this marriage was 
 born, but it scarcely survived its birth. 
 "We have no particulars of her husband's 
 death, but in 1667 she was a widow, and 
 resided with her beloved sister, Lady Eliz- 
 abeth Noel, in the castle of their father, 
 where their infancy had been spent. At 
 
36 Love in Marriage. 
 
 Lord Southampton's death he left all his 
 fortune to his two daughters. Tichfield 
 became the inheritance of Lady Noel ; 
 and the grounds and castle of Stratton, 
 situated also in Hampshire, fell to Lady 
 Vaughan. 
 
Love in Makriage. 37 
 
 V. 
 
 About the same time William Russell, 
 the second son of the Earl of Bedford, a 
 young man, three years younger than 
 Lady Vaughan, made his debut in society 
 and in public life. After three years of 
 travel upon the continent he returned to 
 England, a short period before the Res- 
 toration, and was elected a member of 
 the House of Commons which placed 
 Charles II. upon the throne. Scarcely 
 any traces remain of his life and character 
 at that time. A note from him to Mr. 
 Thornton indicates a sincerely pious dis- 
 position. " I am recovered," he wrote, 
 "of an unruly sickness which brought 
 
38 Love in Marriage. 
 
 me so low that I was just at death's 
 door: my prayers to God are to give me, 
 together with my health, grace to employ 
 it in his service, and to make good use of 
 this visitation by the serious application 
 of it." The manners of the time, how- 
 ever, the example of the Court, and the 
 impetuosity of youth, sometimes betrayed 
 him into irregularities of life. He was 
 engaged in several duels, excited probably 
 by trivial causes ; but at the moment of 
 this always solemn act, however frivolous 
 the occasion, serious sentiments reappeared 
 in the soul of young William Russell, 
 which was impressed with an affectionate 
 simplicity and touching kindness. The 
 second of July, 1663, he wrote to his 
 father, the Earl of Bedford: 
 
 " My Lord : Although I think I have 
 courage enough to light with anybody 
 
Love in Marriage. 39 
 
 without despairing of the victory, yet 
 nevertheless knowing that the issue of 
 combats depends upon fortune, and that 
 it is not always he that has most courage 
 and the justest cause who overcomes, but 
 he that is luckiest ; and having found my- 
 self very unlucky in several things, I have 
 thought fit to leave these few lines be- 
 hind me to express (in case I should mis- 
 carry) some kind of acknowledgment for 
 the goodness your lordship has had in 
 showing me so much kindness above what 
 I have deserved. I have the deepest 
 sense of it in the world, and shall always 
 (during life) make it my business to ex- 
 press it by my life and actions. For 
 really, my lord, I think myself the hap- 
 piest man in the world in a father, and 
 I hope (if I have not already) I should, 
 at least for the future, have carried myself 
 so as not to- make your lordship think 
 
40 Love in Marriage. 
 
 yourself unhappy in a son. My lord, in 
 case I miscarry, (for without it I suppose 
 this will not come to your hands,) let me 
 beg of you to remember me in the per- 
 sons of those who have served me well. 
 Pray, let not my friend Taaffe suffer for 
 his generous readiness to serve me, not 
 only on this occasion, but in several others 
 wherein he has showed himself a very 
 generous and kind friend to me; there- 
 fore, pray bring him off clear, and let 
 him not suffer for my sake. For my men, 
 I doubt not your lordship will reward 
 them well. For Eobin, my footman, be- 
 cause he has served me faithfully, care- 
 fully, and with great affection, I desire 
 that twenty pounds a year may be settled 
 on him during his life; and the French- 
 man I hope you will reward very well, 
 having served with care and affection. 
 For my debts, I hope your lordship will 
 
Love in Maeriage. 41 
 
 see them paid, and therefore I shall set 
 them down to prevent mistakes. I owe 
 one hundred pounds, forty pounds, and, 
 I think, some four or five more to my 
 Lord Brook. This is all I owe which I 
 can call to mind at present, except for 
 the clothes and some other things I have 
 had this winter, of which my man can 
 give an account. I have not time to write 
 any longer, therefore I shall conclude with 
 assuring your lordship that I am, as much 
 as it is possible for me to be, my lord, 
 your lordship's most dutiful son and hum- 
 ble servant, "William Russell." 
 
 With such a respectful, tender soul 
 life could not always be disorderly. It 
 was not long before his conduct rose 
 to the level of his moral nature. Lady 
 Vaughan was probably not a stranger to 
 the re-establishment of moral harmony in 
 
42 Loye in Marriage. 
 
 the noble young man to whom she soon 
 gave herself. Of all human influences 
 that of virtuous love is the sweetest, as it 
 is the most powerful. No details remain 
 of their first acquaintance ; it is only 
 known, by a letter from Lady Percy, the 
 half sister of Lady Vaughau, that in 1667 
 William Russell was charmed with the 
 beautiful widow. " He manifests," she 
 writes, "like many others, an ardent de- 
 sire to gain the heart, which is such a 
 desirable conquest to all." Lady Vaughan 
 was a rich heiress, without children from 
 her first marriage. William llussell, who 
 was a younger son, had neither title nor 
 fortune to offer her. He was undoubtedly 
 on this account more timid and reserved ; 
 but there was too much innate and inti- 
 mate sympathy between them to allow 
 worldly considerations long to separate 
 them. The marriage took place in the 
 
Love in Marriage. 43 
 
 beginning of the year 1670, but, accord- 
 ing to the usage of English society, the 
 bride retained her title of Lady Vaughan 
 till 1678, when, by the death of his elder 
 brother, William Kussell became the heir 
 of his house, and took the title of Lord 
 Russell. We have good reason to sup- 
 pose that if Lady Vaughan had lived in 
 our time, she would not have waited so 
 long before adopting the name of the man 
 she loved. Personal feelings have con- 
 quered aristocratic taste in this respect; 
 and more recently Lady Cowper did not 
 hesitate, in her marriage with Lord Pal- 
 merston, to renounce her own title for the 
 name and inferior title of her husband. 
 
44 Love m Mahkiage. 
 
 VI. 
 
 Tins world has nothing to offer more 
 charming than the example of a pure and 
 happy affection. That full and sincere out- 
 burst of the interior strength and desires 
 of the soul, which we call Love, has such a 
 charm for us that we contemplate it with 
 the profounclest interest, even when we find 
 it mingled with culpable errors, troubles, 
 discontent, and grief; but when it is seen 
 in harmony with conscience, filling the 
 soul with joy, leaving its beauty and peace 
 unchanged, it is the richest treasure of our 
 nature ; it is the most human, and at the 
 same time the most divine, gratification of 
 our aspirations; it is Paradise regained. 
 
Love in Marriage. 45 
 
 The union of Rachael Wriothesley and 
 William Russell presented this rare and 
 beautiful character. Hitherto Rachael has 
 appeared tranquil, simple, unpretending, 
 and virtuous, pursuing modestly the strict 
 but ordinary routine of life. But now 
 passionate love and supreme happiness 
 have taken unsought possession of that 
 heart so well constituted to enjoy them ; 
 she gives herself up to her new felicity 
 with full liberty and confidence ; she loves 
 as ardently as innocently, and she is per- 
 fectly happy. " If I were more fortunate 
 in my expression, 1 ' she writes to her hus- 
 band, " I could do myself more right when 
 I would own to my dearest Mr. Russell 
 what real and perfect happiness I enjoy 
 from that kindness he allows me every day 
 to receive new marks of, such as, in spite 
 of the knowledge I have of my own wants, 
 will not suffer me to mistrust I want his 
 
46 Love in Marriage. 
 
 love, though I do to merit so desirable a 
 
 blessing ; but my best life, you that know 
 so well how to love and to oblige, make 
 my felicity entire, by believing my heart 
 possessed with all the gratitude, honor, 
 and passionate affection to your person 
 any creature is capable, of, or can be 
 obliged to." And elsewhere, eight years 
 after : " My dearest heart, flesh and blood 
 cannot have a truer and greater sense of 
 their own happiness than your poor but 
 honest wife has. I am glad you find 
 Stratton so sweet; may you live to do so 
 one fifty years more ; and if God pleases I 
 shall be glad I may keep your company 
 most of those years, unless you wish other 
 at any time ; then I think I could will- 
 ingly leave all in the world, knowing you 
 would take care of our brats; they are 
 both well, and your great one's letter she 
 hopes came to you." 
 
Love in Marriage. 47 
 
 And yet again, a year later : " To see 
 anybody preparing and taking their leave 
 to see what I long to do a thousand times 
 more than they, makes me not endure to 
 suffer their going, without saying some- 
 thing to my best life, though it is a kind 
 of anticipating my joy when we shall meet, 
 to allow myself so much before the time. 
 ... I would fain be telling my heart 
 more things — anything to be in a kind 
 of talk with him, but I believe Spencer 
 stays for my dispatch. He was willing to 
 go early; but this was to be the delight 
 of the morning and the support of the 
 day. 'Tis written in bed, thy pillow at 
 my back, where thy dear head shall lie, 
 I hope, to-morrow' night, and many more, 
 I trust in His mercy, notwithstanding all 
 our enemies or ill-wishers. Love, and be 
 willing to be loved by," etc. 
 
 Lady Kussell did not limit herself to 
 
48 Love in Marriage, 
 
 expressions of love to her husband; she 
 manifested it actively in smaller as well 
 as in more important things, in her asso- 
 ciations with his relatives, in conforming 
 to all his tastes, living with him in society 
 when he wished it, and in the country 
 when he preferred that, and in taking care 
 of his amusement as well as his happiness. 
 When they were separated, one at London 
 and the other at Stratton, as seldom hap- 
 pened, however, she collected all the news, 
 political as well as social, all that related 
 to the affairs of their friends, or the inci- 
 dents of society ; communicating everything 
 to him promptly and simply, without any 
 attempt at displaying her abilities, but 
 only her desire to interest or divert him 
 by all the means in her power. "I am 
 very sure my dearest Mr. Russell meant 
 to oblige me extremely when he enjoined 
 me to scribble to him by the post, as 
 
Love in Marriage. 49 
 
 knowing he could not do a kinder thing 
 than to let me see he designed not to 
 think me impertinent in it; though we 
 parted but this morning, which I might 
 reasonably have doubted to have been, 
 when I have passed all this long day and 
 learned nothing new can entertain you and 
 your good company. All I see either are, 
 or appear, duller than when you are here ; 
 and I do not find the town is enlivened by 
 the victory we have obtained* There is 
 no more talked of than you heard last 
 night, nor anything printed, because no 
 letters have come yet. Lord Howard's 
 son is expected every hour with them. 
 Many whisper the French behaved them- 
 selves not like firm friends. The Duke of 
 York's marriage is broken off That or 
 
 * The naval battle of Tolbay, of the 26th of May, 1672, 
 in which the Duke of York, sustained by a French squad- 
 ron, gained a dear-bought advantage over the Dutch fleet 
 
 commanded by De Ruyter. 
 
 4 
 
50 Love in Marriage. 
 
 other cause makes hini look less in good 
 humor • than ordinary. They say she is 
 offered the king of Spain, and our prince 
 shall have D'Elbceuf," etc. 
 
 Besides, and shall I say above, this love 
 so deep and tender, there was, I will not 
 say another love, because I do not like the 
 use of similar terms to express emotions so 
 widely different; there was, however, an- 
 other sentiment which filled the soul of 
 Lady Russell, strengthening her during 
 her days of happiness for the day of trial. 
 She was a Christian, a true Christian in 
 mind and in heart, full of faith in Chris- 
 tian doctrines and submission to Christian 
 precepts. She had no sectarian spirit, no 
 taste for religious disputation, and toward 
 those who differed from her she showed 
 an elevated and intelligent charity. We 
 shall see when God proved her, with what 
 rare prudence and beautiful harmony her 
 
Love in Marriage. 51 
 
 Christian sentiments and her earthly affec- 
 tions, her love and her piety, were recon- 
 ciled. The reader will not fail to remark 
 the power of faith in her soul, preparing 
 her with a strong but humble trust, while 
 she was perfectly contented and happy 
 with her earthly lot, to accept from the 
 hand of God the blows, or rather the 
 blow, of which she sometimes seemed to 
 have a presentiment. In one of those let- 
 ters to her husband, in which she pours 
 out her love in passionate expressions of 
 gratitude and tenderness, she stops herself 
 suddenly and says to him: "What have I 
 to ask but a continuance (if God see fit) 
 of these present enjoyments ; if not, a sub- 
 mission without a murmur to his most 
 wise dispensations and unerring provi- 
 dence, having a thankful heart for the 
 years I have been so perfectly contented 
 in. He knows best when we have had 
 
52 Love in Marriage. 
 
 enough here : what I most earnestly beg 
 from his mercy is, that we both live so as 
 whichever goes first, the other may not 
 sorrow as for one they have no hope. 
 Then let ns cheerfully expect to be to- 
 gether to a good old age; if not, let us 
 not doubt but he will support his servants 
 under what trials he will inflict upon 
 them. These are necessary meditations 
 sometimes, that we may not be surprised 
 above our strength by a sudden accident, 
 being unprepared. Excuse me if I dwell 
 too long upon it. It is firmly my opinion 
 that if we can be prepared for all condi- 
 tions, we can with the greater tranquillity 
 enjoy the present, which I hope will be 
 long, though when we change it will be 
 for the better I trust, through the merit 
 of Christ. Let us daily pray it may be 
 so, and then admit of no fears. Death is 
 the extremest evil against nature, it is 
 
Love in Marriage. 53 
 
 true. Let us overcome the immoderate 
 fear of it, either to our friend or self, and 
 then what light hearts may we live with." 
 Ten years passed away from the clay 
 when Lady Russell addressed these pious 
 words from London to her husband, then 
 at Stratton. Lord Russell was now in his 
 turn at London, and his wife wrote him 
 from Stratton, the 25th of September, 
 1682: "I know nothing new since you 
 w^ent; but I know as certainly as I live 
 that I have been for twelve years as pas- 
 sionate a lover as ever woman was, and 
 hope to be so one twelve years more ; 
 happy still and entirely yours." 
 
54 Love in Marriage. 
 
 VII. 
 Crhl mxir femibn oi Ifortr |lussell 
 
 Scarcely ten months after this letter, 
 filled with so much love, confidence, and 
 happiness, the storm darkened this pure 
 sky; Lord Russell was a prisoner in the 
 Tower of London, summoned to appear at 
 the Assizes of the Old Bailey to answer to 
 the charge of high treason. For several 
 years he had kept his seat in the House 
 of Commons, though he seldom took part, 
 and perhaps felt little interest in the de- 
 hates. He was young, and absorbed in 
 the ardent pursuits of youth. England 
 gradually exhausted the joys and hopes 
 to which it gave itself at the Restoration. 
 Remembrances of the revolutionary time, 
 
Love in Maeeiage. 55 
 
 and the reaction against its maxims, its 
 acts and its actors, had filled all minds. 
 Charles II. and his Court had fostered 
 this reaction with licentious egotism : en- 
 couraging it by their excesses, they at 
 last exhausted it. Their pretensions, their 
 faults, their vices, excited new questions 
 and new passions. The old royalists, 
 the men who had served Charles I. and 
 combated Cromwell, disappeared. New 
 men, and new parties under their protec- 
 tion, entered upon the stage ; the party of 
 the Crown and the party of the country 
 became the Tories and the Whigs; suc- 
 cessors, but thoroughly transformed suc- 
 cessors, of the "Cavaliers and Roundheads." 
 Parliament had become the arena and 
 essential instrument of j)olitics ; the royalist 
 Long-Parliament pursued, though execrat- 
 ing it, the work that the revolutionary 
 Long-Parliament had undertaken, The 
 
56 Love in Marriage. 
 
 risen monarchy prevailed by the same 
 arms which had caused its overthrow ; the 
 king governed the country by Parliament, 
 and Parliament by its own leaders, w r ho 
 had become the counselors of the Crown. 
 
 By a coincidence, which cannot be re- 
 marked without interest, it was very 
 nearly at the same time in which Lord 
 Russell married Lady Vaughan that he 
 first engaged actively in the party of the 
 country against the Court. Domestic hap- 
 piness and patriotic passion commenced 
 simultaneously with him. Of a benevo- 
 lent and generous heart, and of an elevated 
 mind, though with little breadth or pene- 
 tration, however, and w r ith a character 
 more obstinate than strong, he was easily 
 influenced, governed, or deceived when his 
 inclinations led him. Pie soon became 
 one of the most zealous opponents of the 
 Court, and the moral ornament as well as 
 
Love in Maeeiage. 57 
 
 the political leader of his party. Always 
 ready to sacrifice himself, for eleven years 
 in the House of Commons he took the 
 defense, and often the initiative of the most 
 extreme measures of the opposition, among 
 others of the bill proposed to exclude the 
 Duke of York, as a Papist, from the suc- 
 cession to the Crown. With his party 
 and with the nation, besides the merit of 
 his devotion to them, he possessed the 
 additional attraction of almost always 
 sharing their prejudices, passions, and 
 blindness. Superior to them all by his vir- 
 tues, but resembling them in his opinions 
 and sentiments, he became almost im- 
 mediately the most popular and honored 
 man in the kingdom; and such was the 
 harmony and sympathy between him and 
 the national party, that there was no 
 means of showing him his own errors or 
 those of his old friends, for warnings came 
 
58 Love in Marriage. 
 
 from his enemies only, and they were 
 never believed. 
 
 Lady Russell alone, notwithstanding her 
 love and her modesty, had some doubts of 
 the propriety and some anxiety respect- 
 ing the position of her husband, and she 
 expressed them to him with a frankness 
 as firm as it was tender. In politics, as 
 in religion, she shared the belief, the sen- 
 timents, and the wishes of Lord Russell; 
 she had, like him, a lofty and patriotic 
 heart, deeply interested in the fate of her 
 country; but her mind was more correct 
 and comprehensive, less prejudiced, and 
 more penetrating. In March, 1687, when 
 Lord Russell was preparing to sustain a 
 violent opposition motion, he received 
 from his wife, while the House was sitting, 
 this note : 
 
 " My sister being here, tells me she 
 overheard you tell her lord last night 
 
Love in Mareiage. 59 
 
 that you would take notice of the business 
 (you know what I mean) in the House. 
 This alarms me, and I do earnestly beg 
 of you to tell me truly if you have or 
 mean to do it. If you do, I am most 
 assured you will repent it. I beg once 
 more to know the truth. 'Tis more pain 
 to be in doubt, and to your sister too, and 
 if I have any interest, I use it to beg your 
 silence in this case, at least to-day." 
 
 It is unnecessary to reread this letter to 
 be convinced that it was not the first time 
 Lady Russell had thus remonstrated with 
 her husband. Her earnestness in conjur- 
 ing him to tell her the truth contains a 
 gentle reproach that he had often con- 
 cealed it, and her deep solicitude about 
 what she scarcely dared hope to prevent. 
 Lord Russell was evidently deeply im- 
 pressed with this entreaty from his wife, 
 for he carefully preserved it, writing with 
 
60 Love in Marriage. 
 
 his own hand the date and the place 
 where he had received it. I am inclined 
 to think, however, that he did not follow 
 her advice on this day, nor probably at 
 any other time. 
 
 The time at last arrived when the king, 
 though little inclined to political risks, and 
 the Parliament, though monarchical and 
 loyal, could no longer exist together. The 
 national party demanded of Charles II., 
 in the disinheritance of his brother, the 
 destruction of the monarchy with his own 
 hands. The king asked the national party 
 to submit at any risk to a prince who evi- 
 dently desired the destruction of the re- 
 ligion and constitution of the country. 
 Thus driven to extremity, the king decided 
 to attempt tyranny, and the national party 
 insurrection. At the moment of the crisis, 
 in 1681, when the last Parliament of 
 Charles II. was dissolved, two men, Lord 
 
Love in Maeriage. 61 
 
 Shaftesbury and Lord Russell, were at the 
 head of the cabinet. Shaftesbury was 
 already old, and as ambitious and inde- 
 fatigable as he was corrupt ; he had been 
 perverted by all the influences of corrup- 
 tion, by the Court, power, and popularity. 
 He had exercised himself from his youth in 
 seeking success by plots and intrigues ; of an 
 audacious, and yet pliant character; saga- 
 cious and fertile in expedients, he was 
 equally skillful in serving or injuring, in 
 pleasing or embroiling. He was attached 
 both by pride and prudence to the Prot- 
 estant and national party, which appeared 
 to him the strongest, and he was fully 
 determined to save his life in any case — to 
 gather the fruit of his intrigues or to re- 
 commence them. Lord Russell was still 
 young, sincere, ardent, and inexperienced; 
 of an upright mind, a heart full of faith 
 and honor, conscientious in all his under- 
 
62 Love in Marriage. 
 
 takings, and ready to sacrifice his life for 
 his cause, but incapable of doing anything 
 merely for success. Between these two 
 men, engaged in the same enterprise, but 
 with such different motives, it was easy to 
 foresee which would appear the instru- 
 ment in case of success, and which the 
 victim if reverses came. 
 
 The conspirators, though generally 
 united, were not all of the same opinions, 
 and on account of mutual distrusts their 
 designs were not always known to each 
 other. Lord Eussell projected armed re- 
 sistance to the royal tyranny, and perhaps 
 comprehended the consequences of such a 
 resolution. Lord Shaftesbury clearly saw 
 his design, and, resolved that the king 
 must be overthrown at any price, made 
 arrangements for another successor than 
 the legitimate heir. A sudden attack and 
 the assassination of Charles II. was some- 
 
Love in Marriage. G3 
 
 times proposed ; but while some of the 
 Republicans indulged these dreams, others 
 among them were traitors, already bought 
 by the Court, or willing to reveal their 
 secrets and their accomplices to save them- 
 selves from peril. At one of their meet- 
 ings Lord Russell saw Lord Howard, a 
 man whom he despised, enter with Col- 
 onel Sidney and Mr. Hampden. 
 
 " What have we to do with this rogue ?" 
 said he to Lord Essex, his intimate friend, 
 as he rose to withdraw; but Lord Essex, 
 who had a better opinion of Lord How- 
 ard, detained him, little suspecting that 
 this man's testimony would ruin them 
 both. 
 
 Some days later Lord Mordant, an ar- 
 dent Royalist, who, though he was very 
 far from being a conspirator himself, was 
 well-disposed to Lord Shaftesbury, had 
 an interview with the king's mistress, the 
 
64 Love in Marriage. 
 
 Duchess of Portsmouth, with whom, for 
 his own advancement, he had formed a 
 secret, but very familiar intimacy. It was 
 suddenly announced to them that the king 
 had arrived and had ascended the stair- 
 case. The duchess hastily concealed Lord 
 Mordant in an adjoining closet. Curious, 
 and perhaps a little jealous, he looked 
 through the key-hole and soon saw Lord 
 Howard enter ; but he conversed with the 
 king in so low a tone that nothing could 
 be distinctly heard. As soon as the visit- 
 ors of the duchess had departed, the 
 prisoner was set at liberty. He imme- 
 diately took a hackney-coach and drove 
 in haste to Lord Shaftesbury, whom he 
 informed of what he had seen. 
 
 "Are you perfectly certain of this?" 
 asked the earl as he looked steadily at 
 him. 
 
 " Perfectly certain," replied Mordant. 
 
Love in Marriage. 65 
 
 " Well, my lord, you are a young man 
 of honor, and cannot wish to deceive ine; 
 if this is true, I must depart this evening," 
 
 That same night Lord Shaftesbury left 
 his house, and concealed himself beyond 
 London, where the order was given the 
 next day for his arrest. Some days after 
 he embarked at Harwich and fled to Hol- 
 land, hoping to find with the Prince of 
 Orange an asylum and an avenger. As 
 Lord Chancellor he had encouraged the 
 war with Holland, often repeating, "Car- 
 thage must be destroyed." On his arrival 
 in Amsterdam he was obliged to ask per- 
 mission of the burgomaster to reside there. 
 The magistrate replied: "Carthage, not 
 yet destroyed, willingly receives the Earl 
 of Shaftesbury within its walls." 
 
 At the same time that the order had 
 been given for Lord Shaftesbury's arrest, 
 a writ was issued for Lord Russell's ap- 
 
 5 
 
66 Love in MaPwRiage. 
 
 pearanee before the council. The messen- 
 ger who bore the order stationed himself 
 before the principal entrance to the house, 
 but the back doors remained unguarded, 
 perhaps designedly. Lord Russell might 
 have escaped ; but he refused, saying his 
 flight would be an acknowledgment, and 
 that he had done nothing which should 
 make him fear the justice of his country. 
 He sent Lady Russell in haste, however, 
 to consult his principal friends, who were 
 all of opinion, from the instructions he had 
 sent them, that it would be better for him 
 to remain. At his appearance before the 
 king and council Charles said to him : 
 "We do not suspect you of any design 
 against my person, but I have strong 
 proofs of your plots against my govern- 
 ment." After a long examination, Lord 
 Russell was sent to the Tower. As he 
 entered he told Taunton, his servant, that 
 
Love in Marriage. 67 
 
 those who had sworn against him would 
 have his life. Taunton expressed the 
 hope that his enemies would not succeed. 
 "They will have it," said Lord Russell; 
 u the devil is let loose." 
 
 I do not intend to detail here this great 
 and celebrated trial. I only wish to re- 
 trace the private life of Lord and Lady 
 Russell, their personal relations and mu- 
 tual sentiments in their time of trial, as 
 well as in their happier hours. From the 
 moment of her husband's arrest, Lady 
 Russell consecrated herself, with an ardor 
 as intelligent as it was firm and passion- 
 ate, to every measure which might be of 
 
 • 
 
 service to him. During the fifteen days 
 which passed between his arrest and the 
 sentence, she went, and came, and wrote 
 incessantly, collecting instructions, sustain- 
 ing the courage of alarmed friends, excit- 
 ing the interest of the indifferent, and 
 
68 Love in Marriage. 
 
 seeking all possible means of assistance 
 while his fate was remaining uncertain, 
 and any chance remained for his salvation 
 from the extreme penalty. She was so 
 actively and absolutely identified with 
 Lord Russell in the general opinion, that 
 when he complained that the list of jurors 
 had not been communicated to him, the 
 lord chief justice and the attorney general 
 justified themselves by proving that Lady 
 Russell had been informed respecting 
 them. The evening before the day when 
 he was to appear before the Court of As- 
 sizes she wrote to him : " Your friends, be- 
 lieving I can do you some service at your 
 trial, I am extremely willing to try if my 
 resolution will hold out; pray let yours. 
 But it may be the court will not let me ; 
 however, do you let me try." On the 13th 
 of July, 1683, the debate opened; the hall 
 was crowded with spectators. " We have 
 
Love in Marriage. 69 
 
 no place to sit," said the officers. Lord 
 Eussell asked for pen, ink, and paper to 
 take notes ; they were given him. 
 
 "May I have somebody write, to help 
 my memory V 
 
 " Yes, my lord, any of your servants." 
 " My wife is here, my lord, to do it." 
 Lady Eussell rose to express her assent, 
 and a thrill of emotion ran through the 
 entire assembly. 
 
 "If my lady please to give herself the 
 trouble," said the chief justice ; and during 
 the entire debate Lady Russell was by her 
 husband's side, his only secretary and his 
 most vigilant counselor. 
 
 The courage and activity of Lady Rus- 
 sell did not fail when the fatal sentence 
 was pronounced. Her soul was one of 
 those whose strength and hope are sus- 
 tained above all human calculation, by 
 love, duty, and confidence in God. Every 
 
70 Love in Marriage. 
 
 effort was made to save the life of Lord 
 Russell. Some of the most powerful 
 men of the court entreated the king 
 earnestly in his favor ; they urged that 
 his pardon would impose a debt of grat- 
 itude upon a noble family, while his pun- 
 ishment would prove an injury never to 
 be forgotten. It was also due to the 
 daughter of Lord Southampton. Numer- 
 ous letters were addressed to Lady Hussell 
 to inform her of something further to bo 
 attempted, or to designate the day, and 
 hour, and place when she might throw 
 herself at the king's feet, who would bo 
 unable to refuse her, they believed. The 
 Duke of York was petitioned as well as 
 the king. He listened quietly, but made 
 no reply. The king answered Monmouth 
 hastily : " I would save him, but I cannot 
 without breaking with my brother; say 
 no more;" and to Lord Dartmouth; "All 
 
Love in Marriage. 71 
 
 you say is true ; but it is as true that if I 
 do not take bis life he will soon have 
 mine. 1 ' Other more questionable means 
 were tried : the Earl of Bedford offered 
 the Duchess of Portsmouth fifty, and it is 
 even said a hundred, thousand pounds 
 sterling for the pardon of his son. Charles 
 replied, " I will not purchase my own and 
 my subjects' blood at so easy a rate." 
 Lady Russell thought that her uncle, the 
 Marquis de Ruvigny, coming expressly 
 from Paris with the approval of Louis 
 XIV., might have some influence with the 
 king.* Ruvigny promised to be in Lon- 
 
 * Lord John Russell, in his life of his illustrious ances- 
 tor, (Life of Lord William Russell, vol. i, p. 14, and vol. ii, 
 p. 76,) considers as very doubtful the statements of the 
 attempts made in the name of Louis XIV. to save the life 
 of Lord Russell, and the letters of Barillon making men- 
 tion of them, fragments of which are quoted by Dalrymple. 
 Lord Russell's doubts were very natural, for at that time 
 he was not allowed the opportunity of verifying these 
 citations from Dalrymple in our archives of foreign affairs. 
 
72 Love in Marriage. 
 
 don. "I am very impatient, my clear 
 niece, to be with you," he wrote. "The 
 king arrived three days since, and he has 
 had the goodness to consent to my jour- 
 ney." It was even said that he would 
 bear a letter from Louis XIV., requesting 
 Charles to grant a pardon. "I do not 
 wish to prevent the Marquis de Euvigny 
 from coming here," said Charles to Baril- 
 
 I have since examined these papers, and they prove 
 that Barillon was really charged with some messages to 
 Charles II. in favor of Lord Russell, though they were 
 probably not too earnest. In a letter dated July 29th, 
 (19th of July according to the old style, then maintained 
 in England,) 1683, Barillon gives an account of his pro- 
 ceedings to the king : " Yesterday I showed to the king 
 of England a letter from M. de Ruvigny, and I said to 
 him what your majesty had directed on the subject. The 
 prince replied, 'I am very sure that the king, my brother, 
 would not advise me to pardon a man who would have 
 granted mo no quarter; I do not wish to prevent M. de 
 Ruvigny from coming here, but Lord Russell's neck will 
 be cut before his arrival. I owe this example to my own 
 safety, and to the good of the state.' " — Archives of For- 
 eign Affairs of France. 
 
Love in Marriage. 73 
 
 Ion, a but my Lord Eussell's head will be 
 off before he arrives." Kuvigny did not 
 go. At the earnest request of his father, 
 his friends, and doubtless also of his wife, 
 Lord Kussell consented to write to the 
 king and the Duke of York, asking par- 
 don for himself, and representing " that he 
 had never had the least thought against 
 his majesty's life, nor any design to change 
 the government, acknowledging that he 
 had erred in attending unlawful meetings, 
 and offering to spend the remainder of his 
 life on the continent in whatever place the 
 king should assign, and to meddle no more 
 in the affairs of England." This attempt, 
 which proved useless like all the others, 
 cost Lord Eussell a great effort. As he 
 finished his letter to the Duke of York, he 
 said to Dr. Burnet : " This will be printed, 
 and will be selling about the streets as my 
 submission when I am hanged." 
 
74 Love in Marriage. 
 
 One chance still remained, and to many 
 it seemed the most hopeful, though it was 
 indirect and singular. The question of the 
 possible legality or the absolute illegality 
 of all armed resistance to the lawful sov- 
 ereign was strongly agitating the public 
 mind. The court and patriotic parties 
 were equally anxious to establish a prin- 
 ciple by which their acts could be legally 
 sustained ; for such is the noble nature of 
 man that reason is a necessity to him ; he 
 cannot even have the enjoyment of power 
 if he feels that it is disavowed by justice 
 and truth. The English Church main- 
 tained unreservedly the unlawfulness of 
 armed resistance. Two of its most up- 
 right and most moderate dignitaries, Drs. 
 Burnet and Tillotson, undertook to obtain 
 Lord Russell's assent to their opinion, hop- 
 ing to save his life if they could offer this 
 submission to the king. At one time they 
 
Love in Makriage. 75 
 
 thought he appeared a little shaken ; and 
 Lord Halifax, to whom they related it, 
 said that when he mentioned it to the 
 king he had seemed more touched than 
 with all the previous solicitations. Lord 
 Eussell quietly listened to the redoubled 
 efforts of the two theologians. Tillotson 
 wrote him a letter to establish his position 
 of non-resistance on the foundations of the 
 Gospel. Lord Russell took the letter and 
 withdrew to an adjoining apartment ; 
 when he returned he said to the dean, 
 "I have read your arguments, and am 
 willing to be convinced, but cannot say 
 that I am. For my part I cannot deny, 
 but I have been of opinion, that a free 
 nation like this might defend their relig- 
 ion and liberties when invaded and taken 
 from them, though under pretense and 
 color of law. If I have sinned in this I 
 hope God will not lay it to my charge, 
 
76 Love in Marriage. 
 
 since be knows it was only a sin of igno- 
 rance." Burnet persisted in endeavoring 
 to draw further concessions from him. 
 Lord Russell cut short the discussion, say- 
 ing, "I cannot tell a lie; and if I go fur- 
 ther I should lie." He conversed upon 
 the question with his wife, and so far 
 from encouraging any manifestation of 
 weakness, she sadly approved and sus- 
 tained him in his sincerity. It is even 
 said that she was displeased with Tillot- 
 son's persistance in discussing it. 
 
 All these measures and all these hopes, 
 however, successively failed. The fatal 
 day approached. "I should wish," said 
 Lord Russell to Dr. Burnet, "that my 
 wife would give over beating every bush, 
 and running hither and thither to save 
 me; but when I consider that it will be 
 some mitigation of her sorrow afterward 
 to reflect that she has left nothing undone, 
 
Love in Maeriage. 77 
 
 I acquiesce." When they were together 
 they appeared mutually occupied in 
 strengthening each other; when she left 
 him he followed her with his eyes, and his 
 emotion appeared overpowering; he con- 
 quered himslf by a strong effort, and em- 
 ployed his time entirely when alone or 
 with Burnet and Tillotson in meditations, 
 reading, and pious conversation. The 
 19th of July, when informed that the 
 petition for a reprieve had been rejected, 
 and that the execution was fixed for the 
 next day, he wrote a letter to the king, 
 to be delivered after his death, which 
 closed with these words: "I crave leave 
 to end my days with this sincere protesta- 
 tion, that my heart was ever devoted to 
 that which I thought was your true in- 
 terest ; in which, if I was mistaken, I hope 
 your displeasure against me will end with 
 my life, and that no part of it shall fall 
 
78 Love in Makeiage. 
 
 on my wife and children; which is the 
 last petition w T ill ever be offered from, 
 may it please your majesty, your majesty's 
 most faithful, most dutiful, and most obe- 
 dient subject." The next day, the 20th, 
 he received the sacrament from Tillotsou. 
 
 " Do you believe all the articles of the 
 Christian religion as taught by the Church 
 of England V asked the dean. 
 
 " Yes, truly." 
 
 " Do you forgive all persons ?" 
 
 " I do, from my heart."" 
 
 After dinner he re-read and signed the 
 paper which he intended to deliver to the 
 sheriff on the scaffold, as his farewell to 
 his life and his country, and gave Lady 
 Russell all necessary directions for its pub- 
 lication and circulation. Lady Ilussell 
 then left him to return with his children. 
 He kept them some time, conversed with 
 her respecting their education and their 
 
Love in Marriage. 79 
 
 future, embraced them, blessed them, and 
 sent them away without any disturbance 
 of his serenity. " Stay and sup with me," 
 he said to his wife ; " let us take our 
 last earthly food together." During sup- 
 per and afterward he spoke particularly 
 of his two daughters, and also of those 
 great examples in which death was met 
 with calmness and triumph of soul. To- 
 ward ten o'clock he rose, took Lady Rus- 
 sell by the hand, embraced her four or 
 five times, while both remained silent and 
 trembling, their eyes filled with tears, which 
 did not fall. She departed. " Now," said 
 Lord Russell to Burnet, the bitterness of 
 death is past ;" and abandoning himself to 
 his emotions he exclaimed, " What a bless- 
 ing has she been to me ! What would have 
 been my misery if she had not had that 
 magnanimity of spirit, joined to her ten- 
 derness, as never t$ have desired me to 
 
80 Love in Marriage. 
 
 do a base thing to save my life ! What 
 a week I should have passed, if she had 
 been crying on me to turn informer and 
 to be a Lord Howard ! God has granted 
 me a signal providence in giving me such 
 a wife, where there was birth, fortune, 
 great understanding, great religion, and 
 great kindness to me ; but her carriage in 
 this extremity is beyond all ! It is a 
 great comfort to me to leave my children 
 in the hands of such a mother; she has 
 promised to take care of herself for their 
 sake, and she will do it.' 1 He stopped, 
 and his thoughts returned to his own 
 situation : " What a change death must 
 make in us ! What new and wonderful 
 scenes will open to the soul ! I have 
 heard how some who were born blind 
 were struck when^ by the couching of 
 their cataracts, they saw; but what if 
 the first thing they had seen had been 
 
Love in Marriage. 81 
 
 the rising sun V He wound his watch and 
 gave it to Burnet, saying, "I have done 
 with time, now eternity comes." 
 
 The next day, the 21st of July, Lady 
 Russell was a widow, alone in her resi- 
 dence at Southampton House, with her 
 three children, two daughters of nine and 
 
 seven years, and a son of three. 
 6 
 
82 Love in Marriage. 
 
 VIII. 
 $fabg |iitsstU hi Mibotoboofr. 
 
 Upon opening the letters written by 
 Lady Russell after this terrible blow, one 
 cannot suppress his surprise to find that 
 the first two from her hand are addressed, 
 the one directly and the other indirectly, 
 to Charles II., to the king who had re- 
 fused her the life of her husband. She had 
 immediately retired from London with 
 her children for Woburn Abbey, the seat 
 of her father-in-law, the Earl of Bedford. 
 Here she wrote to her uncle, John Russell, 
 Colonel of the First Regiment of Foot : 
 
 "Apology, dear uncle, is not necessary 
 to you for any tiling I do, nor is my dis- 
 composed mind fit to make any ; but I 
 
Love in Maeriage. 83 
 
 want your assistance, so I ask it freely. 
 You may remember, sir, that a very few 
 days after my great and terrible calamity, 
 the king sent me word he meant to take 
 no advantage if anything was forfeited to 
 him ; but terms of law must be observed, 
 so now the grant for the personal estate 
 is done, and in my hands, I esteem it fit 
 to make some compliment of acknowledg- 
 ment to his majesty. To do this for me 
 is the favor I beg of you ; but I have 
 writ the inclosed paper in such a manner 
 that, if you judge it fit, you may, as you 
 see cause, show it to the king, to let him 
 see what thanks I desire should be made 
 him. ... It is not without reluctance 
 I write to you myself, since nothing that 
 is not very sad can come from me; and 
 I do not love to cause trouble to the 
 friends and relatives of my beloved and 
 now blessed husband." 
 
84 Love in Marriage. 
 
 A report from the city soon reached 
 Lady Russell in her retreat: so great a 
 disturbance had been produced through- 
 out the country by the publication of the 
 paper which Lord Russell had given to 
 the sheriff on the scaffold, that the Court 
 had been induced to deny its authenticity. 
 Lady Russell considered this an injurious 
 attack ujDon the memory of her husband, 
 and she hastened to write to the king: 
 
 " May it please your Majesty : I find 
 my husband's enemies are not appeased 
 with his blood, but still continue to mis- 
 represent him to your majesty. It is a 
 great addition to my sorrows to hear your 
 majesty is prevailed upon to believe that 
 the paper he delivered to the sheriff at 
 his death was not his own. I can truly 
 say, and am ready in the solemnest man- 
 ner to attest, that [during his imprison- 
 
Love in Marriage. 85 
 
 ment*] I often heard him discourse the 
 chiefest matters contained in that paper, 
 in the same expressions he therein uses. 
 I do, therefore, humbly beg your majesty 
 would be so charitable to believe that he, 
 who in all his life was observed to act 
 with the greatest clearness and sincerity, 
 would not at the point of death do so 
 disingenuous and false a thing as to deliver 
 for his own what was not properly and 
 expressly so. I hope I have written 
 nothing in this that will displease your 
 majesty. If I have, I humbly beg of you 
 to consider it as coming from a woman 
 amazed with grief; and that you will par- 
 don the daughter of a person who served 
 your majesty's father in his greatest ex- 
 tremities, [and your majesty in your great- 
 est posts,] and one that is not conscious 
 of having ever done anything to offend 
 
 * The words included in the brackets are crossed out. 
 
86 Love in Marriage. 
 
 you [before.] I shall ever pray for your 
 majesty's long life and happy reign." 
 
 It is a widow in despair; the fondly- 
 devoted wife of a conspirator, executed a 
 short time before on the scaffold for main- 
 taining the right of resistance and the 
 liberty of his country, who preserves and 
 manifests so simply this profound monarchi- 
 cal respect, this susceptibility so gentle in 
 its language, though so lofty in its tone. 
 Days, months, and years flowed by; she 
 remained the same — entirely absorbed, but 
 not overwhelmed in one sentiment — con- 
 centrated in herself, and at the same time 
 attentive, active, and even expansive to 
 all interests around her. She had a con- 
 fidential friend in Dr. Fitz-William, who 
 was formerly her father's chaplain, and 
 who was now rector of Cottenham and 
 canon of Windsor. He was a man of 
 
Love m Marriage. 87 
 
 deep piety, with a sympathetic heart and 
 an elevated, fertile mind, who felt the 
 tenderest interest for the noble daughter 
 of his former patron, and he exerted him- 
 self to sustain, console, and advance her 
 through all her trials toward God and her 
 eternal salvation. Lady Russell opened 
 her heart to him ; to him she revealed 
 all her inward conflicts, her paroxysms 
 of grief, and her devotional self-conquests. 
 I wish to present some of the most strik- 
 ing characteristics of this correspondence ; 
 not enough to fully reveal this great 
 soul, but sufficient to make it understood 
 in its rare and admirable union of fervor 
 and good sense, tenderness of heart, and 
 firmness of mind which never neutralized 
 each other. During her forty years of 
 widowhood she belonged exclusively to the 
 memory of her adored husband, yet con- 
 tinued active and attentive to all the rela- 
 
88 Love in Marriage. 
 
 tions, affections, duties, and it may almost 
 be said, all the interests of life around her. 
 Shortly after her affliction, Dr. Fitz-Will- 
 iam had sent her some religious counsels 
 and forms of prayer to assist her in her 
 devotional exercises. She replied to him : 
 "I need not tell you, good doctor, how- 
 little capable I have been of such an ex- 
 ercise as this.* You will soon find how 
 unfit I am still for it, since my yet dis- 
 ordered thoughts can offer me no other 
 than such words as express the deepest 
 sorrows, and confused, as my yet amazed 
 mind is. But such men as you, and par- 
 ticularly one so much my friend, will, I 
 know, bear w f ith my weakness, and com- 
 passionate my distress, as you have already 
 done by your good letter and excellent 
 prayer. You that knew us both, and how 
 
 * Her husband was executed, or rather murdered, 
 July 21, 1683. 
 
Love in Marriage. 89 
 
 we lived, must allow I have just cause to 
 bewail my loss. I know it is common 
 with others to lose a friend ; but to have 
 lived with such a one, it may be ques- 
 tioned how few can glory in the like hap- 
 piness, so consequently lament the like 
 loss. Who can but shrink at such a blow." 
 And some days later : " God, who knows 
 our frames, will not expect that when we are 
 weak we should be strong. This is much 
 comfort under my deep dejections, which 
 are surely increased by the subtle malice 
 of that great enemy of souls, taking all 
 advantages upon my present weakened 
 and wasted spirits, assaulting with divers 
 temptations, as, when I have in any meas- 
 ure overcome one kind, I find another in 
 the room, as when I am less afflicted (as 
 I before complained) then I find reflec- 
 tions troubling me, as omissions of some 
 sort or other; that if either greater persua- 
 
90 Love in Marriage. 
 
 sions had been used, he had gone away ; 
 or some errors at the trial amended, or 
 other applications made, he might have 
 been acquitted, and so yet have been in 
 the land of the living, (though I discharge 
 not these things as faults upon myself, yet 
 as aggravations to my sorrows.") 
 
 " Lord, let me understand the reason of 
 these dark and wounding providences, that 
 I sink not under the discouragements of 
 my own thoughts ! I know I have de- 
 served my punishment, and will be silent 
 under it ; but yet secretly my heart mourns, 
 too sadly I fear, and cannot be comforted, 
 because I have not the dear companion 
 and sharer of all my joys and sorrows. 
 I want him to talk with, to walk w T ith, to 
 eat and sleep with : all these things are 
 irksome to me now; the day unwelcome, 
 and the night so too. . . . When I see 
 my children before me, I remember the 
 
Love in Marriage. 91 
 
 pleasure he took in them ; this makes my 
 heart shrink. ... O, if I did steadfastly 
 believe, I could not be dejected; for I 
 will not injure myself to say I offer my 
 mind any inferior consolation to supply 
 this loss. No ; I most willingly renounce 
 this world — this vexatious, troublesome 
 world — in which I have no other business 
 but to rid my soul from siu, secure by 
 faith and a good conscience, my eternal 
 interests ; with patience and courage bear 
 my eminent misfortunes, and ever here- 
 after be above the smiles and frowns of 
 it; and when I have done the remnant 
 of the work appointed me on earth, then 
 joyfully wait for the heavenly perfection 
 in God's good time, when, by his infinite 
 mercy, I may be accounted worthy to 
 enter into the same place of rest and re- 
 pose where he is gone for whom only 
 I grieve." 
 
92 Love in Marriage. 
 
 After having passed ten months in soli- 
 tude and quiet, she felt the necessity of a 
 change of scene. She wrote to Dr. Fitz- 
 William on the 20th of April, 1684: "I 
 am entertaining some thoughts of going 
 to that now desolate place Stratton for a 
 few days, where I must expect new amaz- 
 ing reflections at first, it being a place 
 where I have lived in sweet and full con- 
 tent; considered the condition of others, 
 and thought none deserved my envy ; but 
 I must pass no more such days on earth ; 
 however, places are indeed nothing. Where 
 can I dwell that his figure is not present 
 to me ! Nor would I have it otherwise ; 
 so I resolve that shall be no bar, if it 
 proves requisite for the better acquit- 
 ting any obligation upon me." And 
 five months after, the first of October 
 of the same year: "I have resolved to 
 try that desolate habitation of mine at 
 
Love in Marriage. 93 
 
 London this winter. The doctor agrees 
 that it is the best place for nay boy, and 
 I have no argument to balance that, nor 
 could take the resolution to see London 
 till that was urged; but by God's per- 
 mission I will try how I can endure that 
 place, in thought a place of terror to me ; 
 but I know if sorrow had not another 
 root, that will vanish in a few days." 
 
 She did not immediately execute this 
 project, and six weeks after she wrote to 
 the doctor : " I have, you find, sir, lingered 
 out my time here; and I think none will 
 wonder at it, that will reflect the place 
 I am going to remove to was the scene of 
 so much lasting sorrow to me, and where 
 I acted so unsuccessful a part for the pre- 
 servation of a life I could sure have laid 
 down mine to have had continued. It 
 was, doctor, an inestimable treasure I did 
 lose, and with whom I had lived in the 
 
94 Love in Marriage. 
 
 highest pitch of this world's felicity. But 
 I must remember I have a better friend, 
 a more abiding, whom I desire with an 
 inflamed heart to know, not alone as good 
 in a way of profit, but amiable in a way 
 of excellency ; then spiritual joy will grap- 
 ple with earthly griefs, and so far over- 
 come as to give some tranquillity to a 
 mind so tossed to and fro, as mine has 
 been with the evils of this life ; yet I have 
 but the experience of short moments of 
 this desirable temper, and fear to have 
 fewer when I first come to that desolate 
 habitation and place, where so many sev- 
 eral passions will assault me ; but having 
 so many months mourned the substance, 
 I think (by God's assistance) the shadows 
 will not sink me." 
 
 God, indeed, came to her aid, and 
 though she sometimes sunk into abysses 
 of grief, she never failed to rise from 
 
Love in Maeeiage. 95 
 
 them; the well-balanced firmness of her 
 mind and the profound piety of her heart 
 enabling her conscientiously to avoid all 
 exaggeration of sentiment in the appre- 
 ciation of herloi The two following let- 
 ters are admirable proofs. The first is 
 dated Woburn, October 11, 1685: 
 
 " Who can praise God's mercies more 
 than wretched I, that he has not cut me 
 off in anger, who have taken his chastise- 
 ment so heavily, not weighing his mercies 
 in the midst of j udgments ! The stroke 
 was of the fiercest, sure ; but had I not 
 then a reasonable ground to hope that 
 what I loved as I did my own soul, was 
 raised from a prison to a throne ? Was 
 I not enabled to shut up my own sorrows 
 that I increased not his sufferings by see- 
 ing mine? How were my sinking spirits 
 supported by the early compassions of 
 excellent and wise Christians, without ceas- 
 
96 Love in Marriage. 
 
 ing, admonishing me of my duty, instruct- 
 ing, reproving, comforting me ! He has 
 spared me hitherto the children of so 
 excellent a friend, giving them hopeful 
 understandings, and yet very tractable 
 and sweet dispositions; spared my life in 
 usefulness I trust to them ; and being I 
 am to linger in a world I can no more 
 delight in, has given me a freedom from 
 bodily pain to a degree I almost never 
 knew ; not so much as a strong fit of the 
 headache have I felt since that miserable 
 time, who used to be tormented with it 
 very frequently. This calls for praises 
 my dead heart is not exercised in, but I 
 hope this is my infirmity ; I bewail it. He 
 that took our nature, and felt our infirmi- 
 ties, knows the weakness of my person, 
 and the sharpness of my sorrows." 
 The second is dated July 11, 1686: 
 " I know, sir, I am very tedious ; and 
 
Love in Marriage. 97 
 
 if it be impertinent, I know also you will 
 take it as if it were not so. Now I take 
 this freedom scarce with anybody else ; 
 but it is a great indulgence to myself, 
 and I am very certain you are pleased I 
 should use it. I find it most especially 
 useful on the return of these my saddest 
 days, when dismal and yet astonishing 
 remembrances crowd fastest into my 
 mind. It is true, we can (you are sure) 
 bear the occasions of grief without being 
 sunk and drowned in those passions; but 
 to bear them without a murmuring heart 
 then is the task, and in failing there lies 
 the sin. O, Lord, lay it not to the charge 
 of thy weak servant ; but make me cheer- 
 fully thankful that I had such a friend to 
 lose, and contented that he has had dis- 
 mission from his attendance here, (an ex- 
 pression you use I am much pleased with.) 
 
 When my time comes that I shall have 
 
 7 
 
98 Love in Marriage. 
 
 mine, I know not how it will find me 
 then ; but I am sure it is my best reviv- 
 ing thought now ; when I am plunged in 
 multitudes of wild and sad thoughts, I 
 recover and recollect a little time will end 
 this life, and begin a better that shall 
 never end, and where we shall discover 
 the reasons and ends of all those seeming 
 severe providences we have known. Thus 
 I seem to long for the last clay, and yet 
 it is j)ossible if sickness, or any other 
 forerunner of our dissolution were present, 
 I would defer it if I could, so deceitful 
 are our hearts, or so weak is our faith. 
 But I think, one may argue again, that 
 God has wisely implanted in our nature a 
 shrinking at the approach of a separation, 
 and that may make us content, if not 
 desire a delay. If it were not so im- 
 planted there, many would not endure 
 the evils of life, that now do it, though 
 
Love in Mareiage. 99 
 
 they are taught duty that obliges us 
 thereto." 
 
 She wrote sometimes with unreserved 
 confidence, as to her sentiments, to those 
 persons who had rendered important serv- 
 ices or manifested genuine sympathy in 
 her affliction. Lord Halifax, among others, 
 had interceded with the king at the time 
 of Lord Russell's execution for permission 
 to have his family escutcheon placed over 
 the door of his house, as would have been 
 done if he had died a natural death. This 
 favor he had obtained with great diffi- 
 culty. He had continued the most affec- 
 tionate relations with Lady Russell, and 
 had doubtless at some time attempted to 
 offer her some of those cold consolations 
 which can only satisfy souls that do not 
 need to be consoled, for she wrote to him : 
 
 "My Lord, for my part, I think the 
 man a very indifferent reasoner, who to 
 
100 Love in Marriage. 
 
 do well must take with indifference what- 
 ever happens to him. It is very fine to 
 say, Why should we complain that is taken 
 back which was but lent us, and lent us 
 but for a time, we know; and so on. 
 They are the receipts of philosophers I 
 have no reverence for, as I have not for 
 anything which is unnatural. It is in- 
 sincere. And I dare say they did dis- 
 semble, and felt what they would not own. 
 I know I cannot dispute with Almighty 
 power; but yet if my delight is gone, I 
 must needs be sorry it is taken away, 
 according to the measure it made me 
 glad. 
 
 " The Christian religion only, believe 
 me, my lord, has a power to make the 
 spirit easy under great calamity; nothing 
 less than the hope of being again made 
 happy can satisfy the mind: I am sure 
 I owe more to it than I could have done 
 
Love in Maeeiage. 101 
 
 to the world, if all tlie glories of it had 
 been offered me, or to be disposed by me." 
 God reserved for her efficacious but 
 bitter consolations the fearful prospect of 
 new afflictions. Her son, scarcely four 
 years of age, fell dangerously sick, and re- 
 covered only at the last extremity. a God 
 has been pitiful to my small grace," 
 she wrote to Dr. Fitz-William, "and re- 
 moved a threatened blow, which must 
 have quickened my sorrows, if not added 
 to them — the loss of my poor boy. He 
 has been ill, and God has let me see the 
 folly of my imaginations, which made me 
 apt to conclude I had nothing left, the 
 deprivation of which could be matter of 
 much anguish, or its possession of any con- 
 siderable refreshment. I have felt the 
 falseness of the first notion, for I know 
 not how to part, with tolerable ease, from 
 the little creature. I desire to do so of 
 
102 Love in Marriage. 
 
 the second, and that my thankfulness for 
 the real blessing of these children may 
 refresh my laboring, wearied mind, with 
 some joy and satisfaction, at least in my 
 endeavors to do that part toward them 
 their most dear and tender father would 
 not have omitted; and which, if success- 
 ful, though early made unfortunate, may 
 conduce to their happiness for the time to 
 come here and hereafter. When I have 
 done this piece of duty to my best friend 
 and them, how gladly would I lie down 
 by that beloved dust I lately went to 
 visit, (that is, the case that holds it.) It 
 is a satisfaction to me you did not dis- 
 approve of what I did in it, as some do 
 that it seems have heard of it, though I 
 never mentioned it to any besides yourself. 
 " Doctor, I had considered, I went not 
 to seek the living among the dead ; I 
 knew I should not see him any more 
 
Love in Makriage. 103 
 
 wherever I went, and had made a cove- 
 nant with myself not to break out in 
 unreasonable, fruitless passion, but quicken 
 my contemplation whither the nobler part 
 was fled, to a country afar off, where no 
 earthly power bears any sway, nor can put 
 an end to a happy society ; there I would 
 willingly be, but we must not limit our 
 time : I hope to wait without impatience. 1 ' 
 She waited long for that blessed re- 
 union so sincerely desired, though she 
 was not deluded by her grief regarding 
 the weakness of our nature in that respect. 
 While awaiting it as the years flowed on, 
 she treated herself in her grief as we are 
 obliged to submit to a chronic disease 
 with which we learn to live when it is 
 found that there is no hope of a cure. 
 Notwithstanding the void in her heart, 
 her life was active ; she was constantly 
 employed without ever ceasing to feel 
 
104 Love in Marriage. 
 
 her great loss. The education of her chil- 
 dren, their advancement, her domestic 
 affairs, the interests and prosperity of her 
 neighbors, were all the objects of her 
 assiduous cares. "I am delighted," wrote 
 Burnet, " that you devote so much of your 
 time to your children, that they have no 
 need of a governess," and her daughters 
 never had any other. She was careful 
 that her habitual sadness should not dis- 
 turb the happiness which belonged to 
 their age. " The poor children," she wrote, 
 "are well pleased to be a little while in 
 a new place, ignorant of how much better 
 it has been, both to me and them; yet 
 I thought I found Rachael not insensible, 
 and I could not but be content with it in 
 my mind. Those whose age can afford 
 them any remembrance should, methinks, 
 have some solemn thoughts for so irre- 
 parable a loss to themselves and family; 
 
Love in Maeeiage. 105 
 
 though after that I would cherish a cheer- 
 ful temper in them with all the industry 
 I can ; for sure we please our Maker best 
 when we take all his providences with a 
 cheerful spirit." 
 
 For her father-in-law, the Earl of Bed- 
 ford, she entertained the most grateful 
 affection. When he lost his wife she gave 
 up her plans for traveling, and remained 
 with him. " I would not choose," she said, 
 " to leave a good man under a new oppres- 
 sion of sorrow, wdio has been and is so 
 very tender to me." 
 
 It was to Lady Kussell that the dif- 
 ferent members of the family turned in 
 all the important circumstances which con- 
 cerned them. At the request of the parties 
 she made the arrangements for the mar- 
 riage of her brother-in-law, Edward Rus- 
 sell, with a daughter of Lord Gainsborough, 
 father-in-law of her sister Elizabeth. It 
 
106 Love in Marriage, 
 
 was well known that her counsel would 
 be judicious, and that her approval would 
 have great influence. U I have done it," 
 she said on one of these occasions, " though 
 I wish she had made choice of any other 
 person than myself, who desiring to know 
 the world no more, am utterly unfitted 
 for the management of anything in it, but 
 must, as I can, engage in such necessary 
 offices to my children as I cannot be dis- 
 pensed from, nor desire to be, since it is an 
 eternal obligation upon me, to the memory 
 of a husband, to whom, and his, I have 
 dedicated the few and sad remainder of my 
 days in this vale of misery and trouble." 
 
 The event, so important to so tender 
 a mother, arrived earlier than she had 
 expected. Her daughter Rachael was 
 only fourteen years of age when Lord 
 Cavendish, Earl of Devonshire, asked her 
 in marriage for his eldest son, who was 
 
Love m Marriage. 107 
 
 but sixteen. This nobleman had been the 
 most intimate and devoted friend of Lord 
 Russell ; he had even urged him to change 
 clothes and escape from the Tower, while 
 he remained a prisoner in his place, which 
 was unhesitatingly refused by Lord Russell. 
 Deeply touched by the sentiment which 
 had dictated the proposition, and sensible 
 of the honor of the alliance, Lady Russell 
 accepted the offer with frank gratification. 
 " I trust," she wrote to Dr. Fitzwilliam, 
 " if I perfect this great work, my careful 
 endeavors will prosper; only the Almighty 
 knows what the event shall be ; but sure 
 it is a glimmering of light I did not look 
 for in my dark day. I do often repeat 
 in my thoughts, the children of the just 
 shall be blessed; I am persuaded their 
 father was such ; and if my heart deceive 
 me not, I intend the being so, and humbly 
 bless God for it." 
 
108 Love in Marriage. 
 
 The settlements of the respective for- 
 tunes were difficult to arrange ; the most 
 elevated sentiments are sometimes united 
 with obstinate and exacting demands. 
 "I have a well-bred lord to deal with," 
 said Lady Russell, "yet inflexible if the 
 point is not to his advantage." The in- 
 terviews and discussions necessitated by 
 the business negotiations wearied her. " I 
 am forced to be with a great many law- 
 yers, which is very troublesome at this time 
 to me, who would fain be delivered from 
 them, conclude my affair, and so put some 
 period to that inroad methinks I make in 
 my intended manner of living the rest of my 
 days on earth. But I hope my duty shall 
 always prevail above the strongest inclina- 
 tion I have. I believe to assist my yet 
 helpless children is my business; which 
 makes me take many dinners abroad, and 
 do of that nature many things, the per- 
 
Love in Marriage. 109 
 
 forniance of which is hard enough to a 
 heavy and weary mind ; but yet I bless 
 God I do it." 
 
 The final arrangements were completed 
 at last, and on the 21st of June, 1688, her 
 daughter married Lord Cavendish. The 
 young couple departed immediately to 
 travel upon the continent. 
 
 JudgiDg from appearances, it might be 
 supposed that Lady Russell's life was spent 
 in strict privacy with her sad but pre- 
 cious remembrances, her religious medi- 
 tations, and her family cares and duties. 
 But it was not so. Hers was not a mind 
 of much variety or fertility, and she was 
 not spontaneously inclined to seek or find 
 subjects of excitement or interest without. 
 Left to herself, and to the routine of ordi- 
 nary life, she would perhaps have remained 
 a stranger to the great questions and 
 events of her time; but she entered into 
 
110 Love in Marriage. 
 
 them naturally, through sympathy with 
 her husband, and she was capable of 
 comprehending and enjoying whatever 
 was elevated. She remained as faithful 
 to the cause of Lord Kussell in her retire- 
 ment as she was to his memory ; and she 
 was constantly interested in the same 
 questions of religious and political liberty 
 which would have been the subjects of 
 their common solicitude and private dis- 
 cussion if he had remained with her. The 
 Eevocation of the Edict of Nantes called 
 forth not only her deepest sympathy for 
 the suffering Protestants, but some original 
 and profound moral reflections. " I will 
 take your advice," she wrote to Dr. Fitz- 
 William, "and vie my state with others, 
 and begin with him in the highest pros- 
 perity, as himself thinks, the king of a 
 miserable people ; but truly the most mis- 
 erable himself, by debasing as he does 
 
Love in Marriage. Ill 
 
 the dignity of human nature ; and though 
 for secret ends of Providence he is suffered 
 to make those poor creatures drink deep 
 of a most bitter cup, yet the dregs are 
 surely reserved for himself. What a judg- 
 ment is it upon an aspiring mind, when 
 perhaps half the world knows not God, nor 
 confesses the name of Christ as a Saviour, 
 nor the beauty of virtue, which almost all 
 the world has in derision, that it should 
 not excite him to a reformation of faith 
 and manners ; but with such a rage turn 
 his power to extirpate a people that own 
 the Gospel for their law and rule !" 
 
 All that transpired in her own country 
 interested her yet more deeply: the trial 
 and death of Algernon Sidney ; the acces- 
 sion of James II., the progress of his 
 tyranny; the insurrection of Monmouth, 
 and the sufferings endured by many of 
 her friends in the cause which was so dear 
 
t 
 
 112 Love in Makriage. 
 
 to her, revived the most cruel remembran- 
 ces in her heart. At times she drew unex- 
 pected consolation from these misfortunes. 
 " The new scenes of each day," she writes 
 to a friend, " make me often conclude my- 
 self very void of temper and reason, that 
 I still shed tears of sorrow and not of joy, 
 that so good a man is landed safe on the 
 hajDpy shore of a blessed eternity. Doubt- 
 less he is at rest, though I find none with- 
 out him, so true a partner he was in all 
 my joys and griefs. I trust the Almighty 
 will pass by this my infirmity; I speak 
 it in respect to the world, from whose 
 enticing delights I can now be better 
 weaned." 
 
 But these efforts of a devoted nature 
 could not long appease real anxieties and 
 real troubles. The religious and political 
 situation of England became every day 
 darker; and Lady Russell, who was pas- 
 
Love m Marriage. 113 
 
 sionately attached to her country, was 
 increasingly pained and alarmed for her 
 children, for the nation, and for the future 
 of that cause for which Lord Russell had 
 perished. 
 
114 Love in Marriage. 
 
 IX. 
 
 The Ke volution of 1688 drew Lady 
 Russell from her life of monotonous grief. 
 After five years of widowhood and pain- 
 ful sympathy with the defeat of the politi- 
 cal party with which she was identified 
 she suddenly found herself triumphant 
 though under the burden of her grief. 
 The two months between the landing of 
 the Prince of Orange and the final flight 
 of King James she spent at Woburn. 
 Though far from the noise and excite- 
 ments of London, with her father-in-law 
 and her children, she was well informed 
 of all that transpired, and followed the 
 course of events with the restrained ardor 
 
Love in Maeeiage. 115 
 
 of an intelligent soul, knowing the uncer- 
 tainty of great enterprises, but placing with 
 a religious trust her country and her family 
 in the hands of God. Her letters show 
 that she eagerly read the articles published 
 on both sides in the journals of the day, 
 and that she was familiar with the details 
 of incidents both in the city and in the 
 Court. Anxious for the fullest information, 
 when she learned that the Prince of Orange 
 and Dr. Burnet had arrived at Salisbury 
 she wrote to the latter by a special messen- 
 ger: "The bearer leaves Woburn with no 
 other errand than to carry this paper and 
 return, charged, I hope, with such good 
 reports as every good soul wishes, for 
 curiosity may be too eager, and therefore 
 not to be justified; but now it is unavoid- 
 able. I do not ask you should satisfy 
 any part of it, further than you can in six 
 lines ; but I would see something of your 
 
116 Love in Marriage. 
 
 handwriting upon English ground, and not 
 read in print only the labor of your brain." 
 Toward the termination of these events 
 Lady Kussell went with the Earl of Bed- 
 ford to spend some days in London ; it 
 was probably at that time that King 
 James asked the assistance of the Duke 
 of Bedford ; the venerable nobleman re- 
 plied, "Sire, I had a son who might have 
 been now the support of your majesty !" 
 Lady Russell was almost a witness of the 
 decisive scenes which placed William III. 
 upon the throne. "Those who have 
 lived longest," she wrote to Dr. Fitz- 
 William, " and therefore seen the most 
 change, can scarce believe it is more than 
 a dream ; yet it is indeed real, and so 
 amazing a reality of mercy, as ought to 
 melt and ravish our hearts into subjection 
 and resignation to Him who is the dis- 
 penser of all providences." 
 
Love in Marriage. 117 
 
 Though Lady Russell had maintained 
 no relations with the Prince of Orange, 
 they were neither unknown nor indifferent 
 to each other. William knew too well 
 the value of Lord Russell's name in En- 
 gland, and the respect paid to his widow, 
 not to be careful to recognize them in 
 advance. When he sent his embassador 
 Dykenelt to London in 1687, he gave him 
 orders to visit Lady Russell and express to 
 her in his name his profound esteem and 
 great respect for her. I transcribe ver- 
 batim the recital given of this interview 
 from the hand of Lady Russell, written 
 the 24th of March, 1687. "I have re- 
 ceived," she said, "a visit from Mr. Dyke- 
 nelt, the Dutch embassador. He spoke in 
 French to this effect: To condole on the 
 part of the Prince and Princess of Orange 
 my terrible misfortunes, of which they 
 had a very feeling sense, and continued 
 
118 Love in Marriage. 
 
 still to have so ; and as my loss was very 
 great, so they believed my sorrow still 
 was such ; that for my person in particu- 
 lar, as also my own family and that I had 
 married into, they had great respect and 
 value, and should always readily take all 
 occasions to show it; that it would be a 
 great pleasure to them, if it would give 
 any ease to my thoughts, to take the assur- 
 ance that if ever it should come to be in 
 their power, there was nothing I could 
 ask that they should not find a content 
 in granting. That for the re-establishing 
 of my son, what I should at any time see 
 reason to ask would be done in as full and 
 ample a manner as was possible ; that he 
 did not deliver this message in a private 
 capacity, but as a public minister. Then 
 again he enlarged his compliment, giving 
 me the content to tell me the high thoughts 
 the prince always had, and still preserved, 
 
Love in Marriage. 119 
 
 of my excellent lord; that his highness had 
 never accused his intentions even at the 
 time of his suffering, and had considered 
 and lamented it as a great blow to the 
 best interest of England, the Protestant 
 religion; that he had frequently before 
 heard the prince take occasion to speak of 
 him, and that he ever did it as of one he 
 had the best thoughts of one could have 
 of a man. 
 
 "And he said (with protestations that 
 he did not do so to make an agreeable 
 compliment to me) that he found the very 
 same justice given to his memory here, 
 and that so universal, that even those 
 who pretended no partiality to his person 
 or actings yet bore a reverence to his 
 name ; all allowing him that integrity, 
 honor, courage, and zeal to his country, to 
 the highest degree a man can be charged 
 with, and in this age, perhaps singular to 
 
120 Love in Marriage. 
 
 himself; and, lie added, all this completed 
 with great piety. "Words to this effect 
 (as near as my memory can carry it) he 
 several times repeated, and gave (as he 
 termed it) one remarkable instance, at 
 what rate such who were not his pro- 
 fessed friends esteemed his loss. It was 
 this, that dining at Mr. Skel ton's (then 
 the king of England's resident in Holland) 
 immediately after the news had come 
 thither of my lord's sufferings, and Mr. 
 Dycknelt taking notice of what had passed, 
 and in such a manner as was most proper 
 for him to do to Mr. Skelton, Mi*. Skel- 
 ton sat silent when he named the Lord 
 Essex; but that upon my Lord Russell's 
 name he replied upon it, 'The king has 
 indeed taken the life of one man; but he 
 has lost a thousand, or thousands, by it.' 
 Mr. Dycknelt then added, 'This I know 
 to be the very sense of so many that I 
 
Love in Marriage. 121 
 
 should not have repeated it but for this 
 reason, I do it because Mr. Skelton 
 said it.'" 
 
 When William III. was proclaimed king, 
 he hastened to confirm with emphasis the 
 words which two years before his minister 
 had addressed to Lady Russell. On the 
 13th of February, 1689, after accepting 
 in the morning the crown which Parlia- 
 ment had conferred upon them, King 
 William and Queen Mary held in the 
 evening their first reception at Whitehall. 
 Lady Russell was not present — a stranger 
 to all worldly pomps, she neither left her re- 
 tirement nor laid aside her mourning ; but 
 her daughter, Lady Cavendish, appeared 
 at Court with her mother-in-law, the 
 Countess of Devonshire. "I have kissed 
 the queen's hand, and the king's also," 
 she wrote the next day to her cousin, 
 Jane Allington. "There was a world of 
 
122 Love in Marriage. 
 
 bonfires, and candles almost in every house, 
 which looked extremely pretty* The 
 king applies himself mightily to business, 
 and is wonderfully admired for his great 
 wisdom and prudence in ordering all 
 things. He is a man of no presence, but 
 looks very homely at first sight; but if 
 one looks long on him, he has something 
 in his face both wise and good. But as 
 for the queen, she is really altogether very 
 handsome ; her face is very agreeable, and 
 her shape and motions extremely graceful 
 and fine. She is tall, but not so tall as 
 the last queen. Her room was mighty 
 full of company, as you may guess." 
 
 Political acts very quickly followed 
 these royal courtesies. A bill was adopted 
 in Parliament, stigmatizing the condemna- 
 tion of Lord Russell as murder. One of 
 the articles declared that "the bill was 
 presented at the request of the Earl of 
 
Love in Marriage, 123 
 
 Bedford and Lady Russell." Sir Thomas 
 Clarges demanded that these words should 
 he omitted. "The justice of the nation," 
 said he, "is of more importance than the 
 wishes of any private person; this bill is 
 not granted as a favor; all England is 
 interested in it." This was the second 
 act which William signed after his corona- 
 tion. Soon after, in order to manifest his 
 favor at the same time to the two families, 
 united by domestic ties as well as by 
 political sentiments, he conferred the title 
 of Duke upon the Earls of Bedford and 
 Devonshire. The letters patent to the new 
 Duke of Bedford declared that "among 
 the reasons for conferring this honor, this 
 was not the least, that he was the father 
 to Lord Russell, the ornament of his age, 
 whose great merits it was not enough 
 to transmit to posterity, but they (the 
 king and queen) were willing to record 
 
124 Love in Maeeiage. 
 
 them in their royal patent, to remain in 
 the family as a monument consecrated to 
 his consummate virtue, whose name could 
 never be forgot so long as men preserved 
 any esteem for sanctity of manners, great- 
 ness of mind, and a love to their country, 
 constant even to death." 
 
 Domestic enjoyments came to Lady Rus- 
 sell at the same time with these political 
 honors and reparations. She married her 
 second daughter, Catherine, to Lord Ross, 
 eldest son of the Duke of Rutland ; and 
 her son, Lord Tavistock, only fifteen 
 years of age, to Miss Howland, a rich 
 heiress of Surrey County. In none of these 
 arrangements, however, were her decisions 
 precipitate, or influenced only by considera- 
 tions of rank and fortune. She hesitated 
 some time before consenting to her daugh- 
 ter's alliance with the family of the Duke 
 of Rutland on account of some scruples 
 
Love in Makkiage. 125 
 
 concerning a divorce ; and she refused a 
 richer marriage for her son than the one 
 he finally contracted. The brilliancy of 
 these alliances and the family prosperity 
 naturally attracted public attention ; but 
 no one appeared surprised or envious ; the 
 nation openly manifested its sympathy for 
 the justice of God to virtue in affliction. 
 The relatives and friends of the Russell, 
 Cavendish, and Wriothesley families de- 
 lighted in relating to Lady Russell in her 
 retreat at Southampton House accounts 
 of the gay festivals to which she remained 
 a stranger. After her marriage with Lord 
 Ross, her. daughter Catherine was con- 
 ducted by her husband to Belvoir, the 
 family seat of her father-in-law, the Duke 
 of Rutland. On this occasion Sir James 
 Forbes, the same gentleman who ten years 
 before had borne to the condemned Lord 
 Russell the proposal of Lord Cavendish 
 
126 Love in Marriage. 
 
 to take his place in prison, wrote to Lady 
 Russell: "Lord Ross and Lady Ross's 
 journey, and their reception at Belvoir, 
 looked more like the progress of a king 
 and queen through their country, than 
 that of a bride and bridegroom going 
 home to their father's house. At their 
 first entry into Leicestershire they were 
 received by the High Sheriff at the head 
 of all the gentlemen of the county, who 
 all paid their respects and complimented 
 the lady bride at Harborough. She was 
 attended next day to this place by the 
 same gentlemen, and by thousands of 
 other people, who came from all places 
 of the country to see her, and to wish 
 them both joy, even with huzzas and 
 acclamations. 
 
 "As they drew near to Belvoir our 
 train increased, with some coaches, and 
 with fresh troops of aldermen and corpo- 
 
Love in Maeriage. 127 
 
 rations, besides a great many clergymen, 
 who presented the bride and bridegroom 
 (for so they are still called) with verses 
 upon their happy marriage." 
 
 While these aristocratic and popular 
 festivals were detailed to Lady Russell, 
 she received congratulations from her re- 
 ligious friends, which doubtless harmonized 
 better with her frame of mind. "You 
 have passed through very different scenes 
 of life," wrote Burnet, who had now be- 
 come Bishop of Salisbury. "God has 
 reserved the best to the last. I do 
 make it a standing part of my poor 
 prayers twice a day, that as now your 
 family is the greatest in its three branches 
 that has been in England in our age, so 
 that it may in every one of these answer 
 those blessings by an exemplary holiness, 
 and that both you and they may be pub- 
 lic blessings to the age and nation." 
 
128 Love m Marriage. 
 
 At the time of her son's marriage she 
 received a proposition for him as singular 
 as it was flattering. A general re-election 
 was preparing for the House of Commons ; 
 the Duke of Shrewsbury, grand Seneschal 
 of the Crown, and Lord Somers, Keeper 
 of the Seal, begged Lady Russell to allow 
 her son, notwithstanding his youth, (he 
 was but fifteen,) to be presented as a 
 candidate at the elections for Middlesex 
 County. " I made all the objections to 
 their lordships," Sir James Forbes" wrote 
 to her on this occasion, "that I think the 
 Duke of Bedford or your ladyship can 
 make, yet they were still of one opinion, 
 that it is your interest and for the honor 
 of the family that he should stand at 
 present; and being joined with Sir John 
 Worsename, a very honest man, who is 
 recommended by my Lord Keeper, they 
 doubt not but they will carry it with a 
 
Love in Marriage. 129 
 
 high hand, and thereby keep out two 
 notorious tories, which can never be done 
 otherwise. When I told their lordships 
 that my Lord Tavistock was soon going 
 to Cambridge, and afterward to travel 
 for two or three years, the Duke of 
 Shrewsbury answered that they would not 
 hinder anything of that design ; for he 
 needed not to appear but once at the 
 election, when he would be attended by 
 several thousands of gentlemen, and other 
 persons on horseback out of town, and 
 the charges would be but little or 
 nothing; and the Duke of Shrewsbury 
 bid me tell your ladyship that if you 
 did consent he should stand, which he 
 doubted not but you would, since it was 
 on so good an account, that then they 
 must have leave to set him up for that 
 day only by the name of Lord Russell, 
 which would brin^ ten thousand more on 
 
130 Love in Marriage. 
 
 his side, if there be so many freeholders 
 in the county." 
 
 What temptations for the maternal love 
 and pride of Lady Russell ! 
 
Love in Makkiage. 131 
 
 X. 
 
 J|*r §fesi gags> 
 
 She did not yield to these temptations ; 
 she had two great forces to defend her; 
 her piety and her grief. On the occasion 
 of the titles and honors conferred upon the 
 Russell family, "I would have assisted," 
 she said, " to my power for the procuring 
 thereof, but for any sensible joy at these 
 outward things I feel none." She declined 
 with a good sense full of modesty, the 
 premature triumph that politics offered to 
 her son. Inclosing the letter of Sir James 
 Forbes to her brother-in-law, Lord Ed- 
 ward Russell, she requested his lordship 
 to consult the Duke of Shrewsbury on 
 the proposal, and expressed her doubt 
 
132 Love in Marriage. 
 
 ■whether the latter had maturely con- 
 sidered the subject. She reminds him of 
 the serious interruption which the educa- 
 tion of her son must suffer by his election 
 to Parliament, an interruption which she 
 feared might be irreparable in the future. 
 
 Maternal wisdom triumphed over party 
 interests, and instead of presenting her 
 son at the elections of Middlesex County, 
 Lord Tavistock went to complete his 
 education at Oxford, " where our young 
 nobility," she wrote to Dr. Fitz-Williain, 
 "should pass some of their time; it has 
 been for many years neglected." 
 
 In the simplest incidents of private life 
 she displayed the same correct judgment, 
 uprightness, and moral delicacy; admon- 
 ished and guarded by these against the 
 prejudices, thoughtlessness, carelessness, 
 and haughtiness too common in aristo- 
 cratic old age. Before deciding to give 
 
Love in Marriage. 133 
 
 her daughter Catherine to the son of the 
 Duke of Rutland, she asks the latter 
 "whether your lordship does not think 
 we owe this to the young couple, that 
 they should see one another a little more 
 than they have done (and so at least 
 guess at each other's humor) before we 
 venture to make them, as I hope they 
 shall be, a happy couple?" 
 
 Some years later she had at her dis- 
 posal two ecclesiastical benefices, in virtue 
 of her right of patronage. She wrote to 
 one of her friends, Sir Robert Worsley, 
 "I find both places well disposed to re- 
 ceive Mr. Swayne. I hope he is worthy 
 of the gift, and believe you think him so. 
 If you should know anything why he is 
 not, though as a friend you might wish he 
 were the incumbent, yet I am persuaded 
 that in a just regard to the weight of the 
 matter, and to me who ask it from you, 
 
134 Love in Marriage. 
 
 if you know any visible reason that he is 
 not a proper person for such a preferment, 
 that you will caution me in it; for I pro- 
 fess to you, sir, I think the care of so 
 many souls is a weighty charge ; and I 
 have been willing to take time to consider 
 whose hands I put these into. I can, with 
 all my scruples, make no exception to Mr. 
 Swayne." 
 
 So much virtue and wisdom, seen 
 through such various trials, in the midst 
 of prosperity as well as in the bitterest 
 adversity, gave her a consideration and 
 almost a moral authority with the people 
 as well as with the Court which few 
 women have obtained who have made 
 much more noise in the world. After 
 their elevation to the throne, as before, 
 King William and Queen Mary continued 
 to manifest the same interest, and the 
 same regard for her wishes. At the time 
 
Love in Marriage. 135 
 
 of the Revolution, when the formal adhe- 
 sion of the Princess Anne was necessary 
 for the coronation of the Prince of Orange, 
 Lady Churchill, afterward Duchess of 
 Marlborough, and confidant of the prin- 
 cess, would not advise her to take this 
 step " till I had consulted," she says, " with 
 several persons of undisputed wisdom and 
 integrity, and particularly with Lady Rus- 
 sell of Southampton House, and Dr. Til- 
 lotson, afterward Archbishop of Canter- 
 bury." Tillotson hesitated some time be- 
 fore accepting the archbishopric from the 
 hand of a king whose title was not yet 
 recognized by a part of the English 
 Church. Lady Russell influenced his final 
 decision. Consulted by him on several 
 occasions, and informed of the earnest re- 
 quests made to him by the king, after 
 having examined and discussed the doc- 
 tor's scruples, she wrote to him, "The 
 
136 Love ix Marriage. 
 
 time seems to be come that you must put 
 anew in practice that submission you have 
 so powerfully both tried yourself and 
 instructed others to. . . . Sir, I believe 
 you would be as much a common good 
 as you can ; consider how few of ability 
 and integrity this age produces. Pray do 
 not turn this matter too much in your 
 head ; when one has once turned it every 
 way, you know that more does but per- 
 plex, and one never sees the clearer 
 for it." 
 
 With her more intimate friend, Dr. 
 Fitz -William, she was not equally success- 
 ful. Either from real scruples of con- 
 science or from timidity in hearing the 
 opinion of a part of his Church, he refused 
 to take the oath and resigned his benefice. 
 Lady Russell endeavored to dissuade him 
 from this resolution, though equally con- 
 scientious with himself. She wrote to 
 
Love ik Marriage. 137 
 
 him, "And all this is the acceptation of 
 a word which I never heard two declare 
 the meaning of but they differed in their 
 sense of it. You say you could have 
 taken it in the sense some worthy men 
 have done. Why will you be more wor- 
 thy than those men ? It is supererogation. 
 When I began to write in this paper I 
 meant not one word of all I have said 
 on this subject ; but I know, good doctor, 
 you will take it right; accept well of my 
 good meaning toward you, and excuse 
 my defects. I pretend not to argue ; but 
 where my wishes are earnest, I speak 
 without reserve; sometimes by surprise; 
 but take it as it is." 
 
 This difference of opinion did not, how- 
 ever, change their pious relations to each 
 other for a moment. 
 
 On all occasions, and with all her con- 
 nections, after the triumph of her cause, 
 
138 Love ik Marriage. 
 
 and amid her own successes, Lady Russell 
 was as judicious, as far from all elation, 
 as liberal in mind and heart, as she had 
 been firm and constant in her reverses. 
 In but a single instance have I found 
 her exacting and peremptory. She had 
 warmly interested herself to have a dis- 
 tinguished young man of her acquaintance 
 made one of the king's Council. Her 
 protege was William Cowper, who after- 
 ward became Earl Cowper, and in the 
 reign of George I., Lord Chancellor. The 
 request met many strong objections ; a 
 dispensation of age was necessary. Lady 
 Russell insisted, first with Lord Halifax, 
 and afterward with Sir H. Pollexfeu, 
 Attorney-General of the Crown. Her let- 
 ter to the latter closes with this sentence : 
 U I undertake very few things, and there- 
 fore do very little good to people; but 
 I do not love to be balked when I thought 
 
Love in Marriage. 139 
 
 my end compassed." It is the only case 
 of pretension I have discovered in this 
 upright and modest nature; justified, it is 
 true, by the merit for which she plead, 
 but yet bearing a slight impress of pride 
 and exaction. 
 
 Lady Kussell really knew herself bet- 
 ter, and judged herself more harshly than 
 the most rigid moralist could have done. 
 After her death an unfinished paper was 
 found, written in the trembling hand of 
 age, in which under a form of prayer she 
 reviews the events of her life, confesses 
 her errors and sins, and implores pardon 
 of God with that anxious humility which 
 is a distinctive feature of Christian virtue. 
 I find this passage : a Vanity cleaves to 
 me, I fear, O Lord, in all I say, in all I 
 do. In all I suffer I am not enduring to 
 slights or neglects, am subject to envy the 
 good parts of others, even as to worldly 
 
140 Love in Makriage. 
 
 gifts; failing in my duty to my supe- 
 riors ; apt to be soon angry with and 
 without cause too often, and by it may 
 have grieved those that desired to please 
 me, or provoked others to sin by my rash 
 anger; not ready to own any advantage 
 I may have received by good advice or 
 example ; not well satisfied if I have not 
 all the respect I expected, even from my 
 superiors. Such is the pride of my 
 heart," 
 
 I would not judge Lady Russell as 
 severely as she judges herself; but in this 
 accusation of pride and exaction she touches 
 the weak part of her nature, and displays 
 as much penetration as sincerity. 
 
 As she grew old, surrounded with so 
 much respect, illustrious in her mourning, 
 happy in her country and in her family, 
 a gradual and beautiful transformation 
 w r as produced in her character. The same 
 
Love in Maeeiage. 141 
 
 remembrances and the same regrets were 
 equally present, but they were no longer 
 accompanied with the same anguish. 
 Time, habit, weariness, and that detach- 
 ment from self which age produces in 
 superior natures, softened the sharpness 
 of her grief without destroying it. Her 
 affection for her children, her solicitude 
 for their virtue and happiness, held a 
 larger place in her heart, and left less 
 room for the intense and bitter regrets 
 which belonged to her own part. Re- 
 ligion, its anxieties, duties, exercises, and 
 devotions, constantly occupied her thoughts 
 and became her habitual practice. In a 
 word, she possessed Christian calmness 
 and resignation, and though her love was 
 ever consecrated to the same object, she 
 was more submissive to God, confiding in 
 the eternal future, and more occupied in 
 securing it than impatient of obtaining it. 
 
142 Love in Marriage. 
 
 These sentiments are apparent in a long 
 letter which she wrote to her children in 
 1691, before the marriage of her second 
 daughter and son; it gives them, in the 
 utmost freedom, the counsels, examples, 
 and exhortations of her faith and tender- 
 ness. "My dear children," she says to 
 them, "I write this upon the 21st of July, 
 a day of sad remembrances to me, it being 
 that whereon your excellent father was 
 taken from us with much severity, to my 
 lasting sorrow and your loss. I have not 
 yet omitted on this day (but when pre- 
 vented by sickness) to humble and afflict 
 myself under the mighty hand of God, 
 pouring out my soul before him in prayer 
 and fasting. 
 
 "As, first to testify my humiliation for 
 all my sins, for my having offended God 
 in so many and so frequent breaches of 
 my baptismal vow, my sacrament vows, 
 
Love in Maeeiage. 143 
 
 and all those vows I have at any other 
 time made of a better and more strict 
 obedience to all his holy commandments. 
 
 " I recollect as well as I can what they 
 have been, and make my resolutions to 
 do better for the time to come ; and, as a 
 help to my memory, I did now look over 
 some notes I had by me of some former 
 examination ; at other times I have done 
 it by considering all the passages of my 
 life which I have by me, noted in a paper 
 after the same manner* I set yours down, 
 and gave it you when you first received 
 the sacrament." 
 
 She describes to her children her daily 
 practice of rigid self-examination, her 
 habitual prayers, and reading both in the 
 Holy Scriptures and in works of religious 
 instruction and edification. "I take my 
 paper and consider what I have been 
 most faulty in this week, as wandering in 
 
144 Love in Marriage. 
 
 prayer, or negligent in reading, or pas- 
 sionate, or envious, or what else. I set it 
 down (in as few words as I can) at the 
 foot of my dayly notes for that week ; and 
 so that is an abridgment for the whole 
 week. Saturday morning begins the next 
 week; and upon the first Friday in every 
 month, or the last, just before I use my 
 confession, I look upon my notes and con- 
 sider the actions of the whole month, if 
 nothing but common has happened the less 
 examination will suffice ; only I take care 
 so to recollect as may represent anything 
 that is remarkable or great, either to be 
 matter of sorrow or thanksgiving, (for 
 other things a general care is proportion- 
 able,) and make my resolutions accordingly. 
 This gets on a habit of a constant watch- 
 fulness ; and at sacrament times, or at any 
 other time that I would examine myself, 
 I find it a great help to read this. It 
 
Love in Marriage. 145 
 
 saves much time in looking back, and one's 
 thoughts are less distracted, and makes 
 our lives more easy to us when we see how 
 we live from one sacrament to another. 
 And this makes religion easy, and the 
 mind quiet and full of tranquillity; and 
 though it may seem a hard task at first, 
 yet a little use makes it none, though if 
 it be — for flesh and blood is apt to draw 
 back at the times of devotion, and espe- 
 cially at such like exercise — yet if it help 
 us to live more innocently, and to state 
 things more reverently and usefully be- 
 tween God and our souls, no pains is too 
 much, but on the contrary, doing this will 
 upon trial (I speak it by experience) be 
 found less pains to such as mean to be 
 serious in religion. 
 
 " My child, believe your mother ; there 
 is nothing now in this world can touch 
 
 me very sorely but my children's concerns, 
 10 
 
146 Love ix Marriage. 
 
 (bating religion,) and although I love 
 your bodies but too well, yet if my heart 
 deceive me not, 'tis as nothing in compari- 
 son of your more precious souls. When 
 I have the least jealousy that any of you 
 have ill inclinations, or not so good as 
 I would gladly have them, or fear that 
 you tread though never so little out of 
 the right path, O how it pierces my soul 
 in fear and anguish for yours ! If you 
 love or bear any respect for the memory 
 of your father, do not endanger a separa- 
 tion from him and me in the next life ; 
 but infinitely above all other argument 
 is this, that we should not be ungrateful 
 to that God that made us and preserves 
 us ; made us be born into this world that 
 we might be capable of a life to all 
 eternity, where innocence and happiness 
 last forever; to this place of joy and bliss 
 this is our passage, and is to some more 
 
Love in Marriage. 147 
 
 rugged than 'tis to others, for wise ends, 
 by Providence hid from us now ; but when 
 we shall have put off these tabernacles of 
 clay our clarified spirits shall then under- 
 stand, and admire, adore, and love the 
 wisdom and power and love of God to 
 his creatures. How lovely will the beauty 
 of providence be to us then ! though now 
 that we see but the dark side of the cloud, 
 'tis often very black and gloomy to us. 
 
 " And now, my dear child, I have but 
 little more to add, except to put you in 
 mind to remember this life at longest is 
 but short, and how short none can tell ; 
 but if you live, crosses will come and 
 pleasures wear away. Strive to get gospel 
 evidence of your being a child of God, 
 and having a title to the promises of eter- 
 nal life. 'Tis this, believe me, my dear 
 child, 'tis the witness of an honest and 
 good life in the day of trouble and dis- 
 
148 Love in Marriage. 
 
 tress, no refreshment then but in a well- 
 founded hope to enjoy a happy eternity, 
 and to what a degree, that calms and 
 sweetens the most bitter sorrows, is incon- 
 ceivable by such as have not felt it, as 
 I bless God I have ever since I could get 
 over the astonishment of so great and so 
 sudden a blow. When I am cast down 
 with some sad reflections of what I have 
 lost, I do as soon as I can sum my thoughts 
 to consider that in a short time I shall 
 leave this world and go to a place, where 
 I shall see Him who died for me ; I shall 
 then know much of the reason of all these 
 providences we do now so little under- 
 stand and think so severe. I shall meet 
 all my pious friends again, and what a joy 
 will it be to feel continual springs of 
 pleasure, a perpetual and entire quiet in 
 our own minds ; no sickness, no bad appe- 
 tite, no passion shall remain in us, but a 
 
Love in Maeeiage. 149 
 
 constant joy in being extremely good; 
 and the sense that this will be perpetual 
 must add a freshness to that fullness of 
 joy which could not be entire if we did 
 not foresee it would be endless. O 
 blessed, longed-for day ! 
 
 " O my beloved children, take care we 
 meet again. Do but experience the pleas- 
 ure of a well-spent life, and the pure 
 delights of meditating on the future state 
 of eternity ; that you may do so, and love 
 it, to my last breath you will have the 
 prayers of a truly loving mother. Con- 
 sider, my dear, that all the innocent de- 
 lights of life you may take, and have no 
 anxiety of mind with them; but if they 
 shut out religious thoughts and perform- 
 ances, and devour and take up all our 
 time, then indeed we sin, and conscience 
 will sting at some time or other, and be 
 a sore remembrancer, and check us in our 
 
150 Love in Marriage. 
 
 gayety; but be devout and regular in 
 your duties to God, then heaven will be 
 secure, and pleasures innocent." 
 
 I do not believe that a sweeter and 
 more solemn exhortation can be found, 
 in which tender anxiety is better united 
 with fervent piety. Lady Russell needed 
 to preserve all her fortitude ; her trials 
 were not yet ended. Ten years from the 
 day when these fervent words were ad- 
 dressed to her children she was by the 
 bedside of her son, the Duke of Bedford, 
 who had been suddenly seized with small- 
 pox. The young duchess and his chil- 
 dren had been removed from fear of con- 
 tagion; the mother remained alone to 
 sustain the courage and receive the last 
 words of her expiring child. He died. 
 "Alas! my dear Lord Gal way," Lady 
 Russell wrote some days after to her 
 cousin, Henry de Ruvigny, "my thoughts 
 
Love in Marriage. 151 
 
 are yet all disorder, confusion, and amaze- 
 ment ; and I think I am very incapable 
 of saying or doing what I should. I did 
 not know the greatness of my love to his 
 person till I could see it no more. "When 
 nature, who will be mistress, has in 
 some measure, with time, relieved herself, 
 then, and not till then, I trust the Good- 
 ness, which hath no bounds, and whose 
 power is irresistible, will assist me by his 
 grace to rest contented with w r hat his un- 
 erring providence has appointed and per- 
 mitted. And I shall feel ease in this 
 contemplation, that there was nothing 
 uncomfortable in his death but the losing 
 him. His God was, I verily believe, ever 
 in his thoughts. Toward his last hours 
 he called upon him, and complained he 
 could not pray his prayers. To what I 
 answered, he said he wished for more 
 time to make up his accounts with God. 
 
152 Love in Marriage. 
 
 Then, with remembrance to Lis Bisters, 
 and telling me how good and kind his 
 wife had been to him, and that he should 
 have been glad to have expressed himself 
 to her, said something to me of my double 
 kindness to his wife, and so died away. 
 There seemed no reluctance to leave this 
 world, he was patient and easy the whole 
 time, and I believe knew his danger, but 
 loth to grieve those by him, he delayed 
 what he might have said. But why all 
 this? The decree is past. I do not ask 
 your prayers ; I know you offer them 
 w r ith sincerity to our Almighty God for 
 your afflicted kinswoman."* 
 
 Six months had scarcely passed when 
 another terrible blow struck Lady Rus- 
 sell; her second daughter, the Duchess 
 
 * The young Duke of Bedford left several children at 
 his death, among others two sons, from whom have 
 descended the present Duke of Bedford and his brother 
 Lord John Russell. 
 
Love in Maeriage. 153 
 
 of Rutland, died in childbed. Of her 
 three children, her eldest daughter, the 
 Duchess of Devonshire, alone remained to 
 her, and she was on the eve of her con- 
 finement. Resolved to conceal the death 
 of her sister, the mother replied to the 
 pressing questions of her daughter, "I 
 have seen your sister out of her bed to- 
 day." She had seen her in her coffin. 
 
 Nearly twenty years before this last 
 calamity Lady Russell had been in danger 
 of losing her eyesight; the operation for 
 cataract, though successfully performed, 
 had left her with but a difficult and pre- 
 carious use of her eyes. The few letters 
 which remain of this sad period of her 
 life are deeply sorrowful but calm, as 
 from a captive awaiting deliverance after 
 seeing all whom she loved go forth from 
 their common prison. May 28th, 1716, 
 she wrote to Lord Gal way, who had also 
 
154 Love in Marriage. 
 
 been afflicted in his dearest affections, 
 " I also pray to God to fortify your spirit 
 under every trial ; till eternity swallows 
 all our troubles, all our sorrows, all our 
 disappointments, and all our pains in this 
 life. The longest, how short to eternity !" 
 In September, 1723, Lady Russell' was 
 alone in her London residence, South- 
 ampton House, where she had lived with 
 her father and husband, and during her 
 widowhood. On the 26th of the same 
 month her grand-daughter, Lady Rachael 
 Morgan, wrote from Chatsworth to her 
 brother, Sir James Cavendish, "The bad 
 account we have received of Grandmamma 
 Russell has put us into great disorder and 
 hurry. Mamma has left us and gone to 
 London." " I believe she has stopped the 
 letters on the road, for none have come 
 here to-day, so that we are still in sus- 
 pense. I should be very glad that mamma 
 
Love m Marriage. 155 
 
 should get to town time enough to see 
 her, because it might be some satisfaction 
 to both, and I hear grandmamma asked 
 for her." 
 
 God granted this last satisfaction to 
 the mother and daughter. Lady Russell 
 expired the 29th of September, 1723. The 
 British Gazetteer announced her death 
 on the 5th of October, as follows: "The 
 Right Honorable the Lady Russell, relict 
 of Lord Russell, died on Sunday morning 
 last, at five o'clock, at Southampton House, 
 aged eighty-six, and her corpse is to be 
 carried to Chenies, in Buckinghamshire, 
 to be interred with that of her lord." 
 The last words of Lord Russell to Burnet 
 were at last fulfilled for his wife, as well 
 as for himself; she had done with time, 
 she had entered into eternity. 
 
 I have taken a profound interest in 
 sketching this character, so pure in affec- 
 
156 Love in Marriage. 
 
 tion, so constant in grief, always great 
 and always humble in her greatness, faith- 
 ful and devoted with the same ardor to 
 her sentiments and duties, in joy and in 
 sadness, in triumph and in adversity. Our 
 own times are tainted with a deplorable 
 evil ; it is the belief that passion must be 
 without restraint. Intense love, perfect 
 devotion, and all the fervent, exalted 
 emotions which master the soul, can exist 
 only, according to this depraved creed, 
 when freed from moral laws and social 
 conventionalities. In its eyes all rule is 
 a yoke which paralyzes; all submission, 
 degrading servitude ; and all warmth is 
 extinguished unless it flames into a con- 
 suming fire. Unfortunately a graver evil 
 still is, that all this does not arise from 
 paroxysms of feverish temperament and 
 the power of exuberant force; it has its 
 source in perverse doctrines, in the re- 
 
Love in Marriage. 157 
 
 jection of all law, of all faith, of all super- 
 human existence, in the idolatry of man, 
 putting himself in the place of God, him- 
 self alone his only pleasure and his only 
 will. To this evil is added another not 
 less deplorable. Man not only worships 
 himself alone, but he worships himself 
 only in masses, in which everything is 
 confounded. He both hates and envies 
 all above the common level. All supe- 
 riority, all individual greatness, of what- 
 ever kind or name, appears to these insane 
 and weak minds a crime and oppression 
 toward that chaos of indistinct and ephem- 
 eral being which they call humanity. 
 They are triumphant when any odious 
 example of vice or crime is detected in 
 the upper ranks of society. They boldly 
 employ these lamentable revelations of 
 the more elevated circles as an argument 
 against all social distinctions. They wish to 
 
158 Love in Marriage. 
 
 have it believed that these are the general 
 manners, the natural consequences of high 
 birth or condition, regardless of the title 
 or foundation upon which it is raised. 
 When one has been assailed with these 
 base doctrines, and the shameful passions 
 to which they give birth, and has felt 
 the disgust, and in some measure the peril 
 which spring from them, it is a profound 
 pleasure to find some of those noble 
 natures which give a decisive denial to 
 such assumptions. I respect collective 
 humanity as much as I admire and love 
 its glorified image of what is noble and 
 pure, personified and elevated with visi- 
 ble features, and bearing a proper name. 
 Lady Kussell affords the soul this beauti- 
 ful and genuine joy. She is a great Chris- 
 tian lady. She is a stranger to me no 
 longer; her sentiments touch me, her fate 
 absorbs me as if she were living before 
 
Love in Marriage. 159 
 
 my eyes; I believe when she departed 
 from this life, filled as it was with such 
 bitter trials to her, she entered into that 
 world, which is vailed from our eyes 
 until God shall call us to it, to receive 
 with her beloved husband the recompense 
 of her virtues and her griefs. 
 
 THE END.