^/////^ ■ AND ACCOMPANIED WITH CRITICAL STUDIES, PUBLISHED IN PAETS OF BOOKS, SINGLE BOOKS AND COLLECTIONS OF BOOKS, BY 5 OU'^'^..^^ > bJAc • /7 REV. LEICESTER A. SAWYER. ¥ NEW TESTAMENT. WHITESEOKO, N. Y. L . A . SAWYER 1891. Entered according to Act of Congress, in the yeai* 188^ by L\ KEV. L. A. SAWYER, in the Library of Congress at Washington. T. J. GEEFFITHS, PEINTEB, UTICA. coisrxE:N"rs. PAGE Preface 5 PEEIOD I. Thessalonicans I 9 Galatians 16 Corinthians I .* 26 Corinthians II 58 Romans 78 Jatnes Ill Peter 1 119 PEEIOD IL rhessaionicans II , 129 Colossians 133 Ephesians 140 Philippians 150 Philemon 158 Titus.. 159 Timothy I. 163 TimothV II 171 Hebrews 177 Peter II 201 Jude 207 John 1 209 John II 218 John III 219 IV CONTENTS. PEKIOD III. Gospel according to Mark 221 Gospel according to Matthew 272 Gospel according to Luke 352 Gospel according to John 437 Acts of the Apostles 501 -Revelation of John 584 Eerors.— Mat. 23 : 23, for anise, read diJl. Luke 11 : 42, for anise and cumin, read rue. Acts 1:1, for make, read made. P E E F A C E . The author's first New Testament was published by John P. Jewett, at Boston, in 1858, and met with a generous reception, though the time was inauspicious, on account of the breaking out of our civil war a lit- tle later. The author, however, soon became dissatis- fied with his work, and determined, providence per- mitting, to retranslate, improve several of his render- ings, change entirely the order of the books, and with many improved chapter divisions, to keep along both the common chapter and verse divisions, which were omitted in his previous w^ork, much to its injury. The New Testament gives us little authentic infor- mation of Jesus, the founder of our religion, and its first and noblest martyr, or of his teachings. We as- sume that the churches instituted by the apostles, follow his schools as their model. Of his twelve dis- ciples, called also apostles, eleven of whom survived him, but two tell us the first word concerning him ; James writing from Jerusalem in 62, twenty-nine years after his death, and Peter writiug from Rome in 64 ; and they tell but little, though their letters im- ply much. Paul enjoyed none of the teachings of Jesus, but was an early convert to the doctrine of the apostles Peter and James, after the death of their master, that he was the Jewish Messiah, and accepted his re - Hgion from them. Paul was well taught in the schools of Judaism, and brought the theories of the Pharisees concerning their Messiah, sacrificial atone- ments, and the bodily resurrection of the pious dead. VI I'EEFACE. into the Syrian clmrch, wliicli he joined at Damascus in 34. Paul's five letters are first in the order of time, of all the New Testament books, and show Paul's theo- ries of Jesus, making his death a sacrificial atone- ment for the sins of the world, receiving the Jewish scriptures as strictly historic and divinely inspired, and he inferring from them a speedy second coming of Jesus in glory. James writing from Jerusalem to the believers in the dispersion, whom he describes as the twelve tribes of the real Isral, finds them still in the synagogues, James 2:2; but he makes the Christian law a law^ of liberty, 1 : 25, insists strongly on good and beneficent works, and finds no justification without them, 2 : 1-25. He like Paul, is looking sharply for a speedy coming of Jesus from heaven, as the Jewish Messiah, 5 : 7-8. Peter writes from Rome in 64 to Christians as elect strangers ; makes Jesus the Jewish Messiah, and his sufferings a sacrificial atonement for the sins of the world, 2 : 21-25, and tells of Jesus, 3 : 18, that he suffered once for sins, a just one for unjust, to lead us to the God, killed indeed in flesh, but made alive in spirit ; 19, in which also he went - and preached to the spirits in prison, 20, who were form- erly disobedient. But he finds him now 3 : 28, at the right hand of the God, having gone into heaven, an- gels, and authorities and powers being made subject to him. All this Peter and the others of the Messianic schools had from the Jewish Messianic prophecies. PREFACE. Vll This passage, however, shows that Peter did not find a bodily resurrection of Jesus on the third day, as was done by Paul, whence we infer that the gospel stories of such a resurrection are fictions of the sec- ond century, founded on the opinions of Paul and not on facts. Paul asserts and argues the supposed bodily resur- rection of Jesus, and with him, of all believers at his second coming, in 1 Cor. 15 : 1-58. The second cen- tury fictions are based on this misjudgment of Paul and singularly ignore the theory of Peter. Jesus is presupposed by the apostolic letters as or- ganizing a school of culture for all ages and condi- tions, and for both sexes, worshipping one God the supreme being, as the source of all law, order, and happiness, and the author of all good, accepting the lessons of all human experience and history, as far as they are before us, and all uniting in local so- cieties under professional teachers, holding their weekly sabbath on the first day of the week, and meeting on it statedly for public worship and instruc- tion. Such an institution was never before thought of. This brought the highest culture of the ages within the reach of the masses, through the labors of their pastors. We have no contemporary infor- mation of Jesus, nor of the church, during the first twenty years after his death. From 64, the date of Peter's letter from Eome, to 135, 71 years, we have another blank with the ten persecutions; the first under Nero, beginning in 64, the second under Domitian, beginning in* 95, and the third under Trajan, beginning in 106. The Vlll PREFACE. churcli emerged from all these persecutions wibh distinguished honors, from the courage, dignity, and fortitude of the sufferers. They evinced the super- iority of their culture, and this also appeared by the integrity and uprightness of Christians generally, compared with their neighbors of other religions, both in civil life and in the armies of those times. The second and third periods were passed in peace, and are continuous. The stories of the gospels give us much valuable instruction, but manj^ of their ac- counts do both Jesus and his religion great injustice. The great fact beyond all these books, is that Je- sus, a teacher, founded a school for the highest and best culture of all ages and conditions, and both sexes, under one supreme being, the creator and sove- reign of all worlds, and ruling all by universal laws, commanding all right doing, and forbidding all wrong doing, leaving Judaism and the ancient pagan- isms with their sacrificial atonements, and leaving also the Jewish Messianic expectations for such bles- sedness as is possible under existing divine laws properly understood and observed, and expecting by them to renovate and greatly exalt and ennoble the world. The advances of the letters of Period II. on the apostles will be readily perceived by every careful reader, when his attention is once called to the sub- ject. The critical studies designed to accompany this volume are unavoidably reserved for a separate pub- ication. The Author. PERIOD I. 53-64 A. D. Seven letters of the apostles, representing the two schools of the Christian religion led by Peter and Panl, both making Jesus the Jewish Messiah, in reli- ance on prophecies and supposed prophecies of the Jewish Scriptures, and promising his speedy coming to execute the Messianic and end of the world programs, and besides other differences, Peter held only to a spiritual resurrection of Jesus, and Paul held to his bodily resurrection on the third day. 1 Pet. 3 : 18 — 22. Paul's letter to the Romans, foreshadows a third compromise school of Paul and Peter in 58 A. D., which appears to have dominated at Rome in 62, when Paul arrived there as a prisoner. 1. Paul to the Thessalonicans I. Corinth, 53 A. D. CHAPTER I. 1 : 1—2 : 20. The church commended for its faith and hope. 1 : 1 Paul and Silvanus and Timothy to the church of the Thessalonicans in God the Father and master Jesus Christ, grace and peace to you. 2 We thank thse God always for you all, making mention of you in our prayers, 3 remembering without ceas- ing your work of faith and labor of love and patience of the hope of our master Jesus Christ before our I 10 Period I. 1 Thess. 1 : 4—2 : 7. God cind father, 4 knowing, V)rotliers loved by God, your election. 5 For our gospel came to you not in word only, but in power, and in a lioly spirit, and in much assurance, as you know what Ave were among you for you. 6 And you became followers of us and of the master, receiving the word in much af- fliction with the joy of a holy spirit, 7 so that you were an example to all that believe in Macedonia and Achaia. 8 For from you was sounded out the word of the master not onlv in Macedonia and Achaia, but in every place went forth your faith which related to the God, so that we have no need to tell any thing. 9 For you yourselves declare concerning us what an entrance we had to you, and how you turned to the God from idols, to serve the living and true God ; 10 and to wait for lii& son from the heavens, whom he raised from the dead, Jesus who rescues us from the wrath to come. . 2 : 1 For you know, brothers, our entrance to you, that it was not in vain, 2 but having suffered be- fore and been ill-treated as you know at Philippi, we were bold in our God to declare the gospel of the God to you with much contention. 3 For our ex- hortation was not of error, nor of impurity, nor in deceit ; 4 but as we were approved by the God to be intrusted with the gospel, so we speak not as pleasing men, but God, who tries our hearts. 5 For we used not at any time a Avord of flattery, as you know, nor a pretext of covetousness, God is witness ; 6 nor sought we glory of men, either of you or of others, when we might have been burden- some as apostles of Christ, 7 but we were gentle among you as a nurse cherishes her own children. Period I. 1 Thess. 2 : 8—2 : 19. 11 8 So mucli did we desire you, tliat we were willing to impart to you, not the gospel of the God only, but our own souls also, because you were dear to us. 9 For yoQ remember, brothers, our labor and fatigue, working night and day, that we might not be a bur- den to any one of you, we preached to you the gos- pel of the God. 10 You are witnesses and the God, how piously and justly and unblaDiably we dealt with you that believe, 11 as you know that we exhorted each one of you, as a father [exhorts] and comforts his own children, 12 and we testified that you should walk worthily of the God who called you to his kingdom and glory. 13 And for this we give thanks to the God without ceasing, that having received the word which you heard from us, you received it as from the God, not as a word of men, but as it truly is, a word of God, who also inworks in you that believe. 14 For you became followers, brothers, of the churches of the God that are in Judea in Christ Je- sus, for you also suffered the same things from your fellow citizens, which they did from the Jews ; 15 who both killed the master Jesus and the pro- phets, and persecuted us, not pleasing God, and be- ing contrary to all men ; 16 forbidding us to speak to the Gentiles, that they may be saved, to fill up their sins alwavs ; and wrath has come on them for a finality. 17 But we, brothers, being deprived of you for a short time in person, not in heart, gave the greater diligence to see your faces with much desire. 18 Wherefore we wished to come to you, I Paul, once and again, but Satan hindered us. 19 For what 12 Period I. I Thess. 2 : 20—3 : 12. is our hope, or joy, or crown of rejoicing? Are not yon before our master Jesus at his coming ? 20 For you are our glory and joy. CHAPTEE II. 3 : 1—4 : 12. Timothy's report, sins to be avoided, the coming ot Jesus. 3 : 1 And when I could no longer forbear, we thought it best to be left alone at Athens, 2 and sent Timothy our brother and fellow laborer of the God in the gospel, in Christ, to strengthen you and exhort you concerning your faith ; 3 that none might be disturbed in these afflictions, for you your- selves know that we are appointed for this. 4 For when we were with you we told you before, that we should be afflicted, as also it happened, and you know. 5 Therefore when I could no longer forbear, I sent to know^ your faith, lest perhaps the tempter had tempted 3^ou, and our labor had come to nought. 6 But now Timothy having come to us from you, and told us the good news of your faith and of your love, and that you always have a good remembrance of us, desiring to see us, as we also you ; 7 Therefore we are comforted, brothers, by you in every necessity and affliction by your faith ; 8 for now we live if you stand firm in master. 9 For what thanks can we return to the God for you, for all the joy with which we rejoice on your account before our God, 10 night and day desiring exceedingly to see your faces, and to supply the defects of your faith : 11 And may our God and father himself, and our master Jesus direct our way to you ; 12 and may Period I, 1 Thess. 8 : 13—4 : 12. 13 the master cause you to be full, and abound in love to one another and to all, as we also do to jou ; 13 to establish your hearts unblamable in holiness before our God and father at the coming of our mas- ter Jesus with all his saints. 4 : 1 Finally, brothers, we pray and exhort you in master Jesus, as you received from us how you ought to walk and please God, that you abound more [in this]. 2 For you know what charges we gave you by the master Jesus. 3 For this is the will of the God, your sanctification, that you should abstain from fornication ; 4 that each of vou should know how to keep his vessel in sanctity and honor, 5 not in passionate desires, as the nations that know not the God ; 6 not to go beyond or defraud one's bro- ther in business, for master will punish all such, as we told vou and insisted before. 7 For the God has called us to purity, and espe- cially to sanctity. 8 He therefore that rejects, re- jects not man, but the God, even him that gives his holy spirit to you. 9 But of brotherly love you have no need that I should write to you, for you are yourselves taught of God to love one another. 10 For you also do this to all the brothers in all Macedonia ; but we exhort you, brothers, to do it still more ; 11 and study to be quiet, and to do your own work, and to work with your hands, as we commanded you ; 12 that you may walk honorably before them without, and have need of nothing. 14 Period I. 1 Thesh. 4 : 13—8. CHAPTER III. 4 : 13—5 : 18. The resurrection of believers, the coming of Christ, and the support of ministers. 4 : 13 But I wish you not to be ignorant, broth- ers, concerning them that sleep, that you be not grieved as they that have no hope. 14 For if we be- lieve that Jesus died and rose again, so also they that have slept with Jesus will he bring with him. 15 For we tell you this by word of master, that we the living who are left over till the coming of master, shall not precede them that have slept. 16 For the master himself will descend from heaven with a shout by a voice of an archangel and a trumpet of God, and the dead in Christ will rise first ; 17 then we the living who are left over will at the same time be caught up with them in clouds to meet the master in the air ; and "BO we shall be always with master. 18 Therefore com- fort one another with these words. 5 : 1 But of the times and the seasons, brothers, you have no need that I should write to you, 2 for you yourselves know perfectly, that the day of mas- ter so comes as a thief in the night. 3 When they shall say Peace and safety, then sudden destruction will come on them, and the}^ will not escape. 4"^ But you, brothers, are not in darkness, that the day should come on you as a thief ; 5 for you are all sons of light. We are not of night, nor of darkness. 6 Therefore let us not sleep as do others, but let us watch and be sober, 7 for they that sleep, sleep in the night, and they that drink, drink in the night, 8 but let us who are of day be sober, putting on the Pekiod I. 1 Thess. 4 : 9—28. 15 breastplate of faith and love, and for a helmet the hope of salvation. 9 For the God has not appointed lis for wrath, but to obtain salvation by onr master Jesus Christ, 10 who died for ns, that whether we wake or sleep we may hve together with him. 11 Therefore exhort one another, and edify one another, as also yon do. 12 And we beseech yon, brothers, to know them that labor among you, and are placed over you in master, and admonish you ; 13 and to esteem them very highly in love, for their work. Be at peace among yourselves. 14 And we exhort you, brothers, admonish the dis- orderly, comfort the desponding, support the weak, be longsuffering toward all. 15 See that none re- turns evil for evil to any one, but always pursue what is good, both to one another and to all. 16 Always rejoice, 17 pray incessantly, 18 on every [occasion] give thanks, for this is the will of God in Christ Jesus as to you. 19 Quench not the Spirit, 20 despise not prophesyings, 21 prove all things, hold fast the good, 22 abstain from every form of evil, 23 and may the God of peace sanctify you wholly, and your whole spirit, and soul and body be found blameless at the coming of our master Jesus Christ. 24 Faithful is he that calls you, who also will do [as he has said]. 25 Brothers, pray for us. 26 Salute all the broth- ers with a holy kiss ! 27 I adjure you by the mas- ter, that this letter be read to all the brothers. 28 The grace of our master Jesus Christ be with you. 16 Pekiod I. Gal. 1 : 1—12. 2. Paul to the Galatums. Epliesus, A. D. 55. CHAPTEK I. 1 : 1—2 : 21. Paul rebukes the Galatiaus for accepting circumcision, ami claims to have had his gospel from Jesus by revelation. 1 : 1 Paul, an apostle, not from men nor by man, but by Jesus Christ and God the father, who raised him from the dead, and all the brothers with me, to the churches of Galatia, 3 grace to jou and peace from God the father and our master Jesus Christ, 4 who gave himself for our sins, that he might res- cue us from the present evil age, according to the will of the God, even our father, 5 to whom be glory for the ages of the ages. Amen. 6 I marvel that you have so soon withdrawn your- selves fiom him that called you by the grace of Christ to another gospel ; 7 which is not another ; but there are some that trouble you and wish to subvert the gospel of the Christ. 8 But if even we, or an angel from heaven, preaches to you contrary to what we did preach, let him be accursed. 9 As we said before, now also I say again. If anj^ man preaches to you contrary to what you received, let him be ac- cursed. 10 For do I still persuade men or the God ? or do I seek to please men ? If I yet pleased men I should not be a servant of Christ. 11 For I give you to un- derstand, brothers, as to the gospel preached by me, that it is not according to man. 12 For I received it not from man, nor was I taught it, but [I had it] by a revelation of Jesus Christ. Peeiod I. Gal. 1 : 13—2 : 4. 17 13. For you liearcl of my previous doings iu Juda- ism, tliat I greatly persecuted the cliurcli of the God and wasted it. 14 And I labored in Judaism be- yond many of my fellow-religionists, in my genera- tion, being exceedingly zealous for the traditions of my fathers. 15 But when he that separated me from jny mothers' womb and called me by his grace [in 34] , 16 was pleased to reveal his Son by me, that I should preach him to the gentiles, I conferred not a moment with flesh and blood, 17 neither went I to Jerusalem to them that were apostles before me, but I went to Arabia, and again returned to Damas- cus. 18 Then after three years [in 37], I went up to Jerusalem to see Cephas, and staid with him fifteen days. 19 But any other of the apostles I saw not except James the master's brother, 20 and what I write to you, behold before the God I lie not. 21 Then I went to the regions of Syria and Cili- cia, 22 but I was unknown to the churches of Ju- dea that are iu Christ, 23 only they heard that he who persecuted us formerly now preaches the faith that he formerly destroyed, 24 and they glorified the God in me. 2 : 1 Then after fourteen years [in 51], I went 'Up to Jerusalem with Barnabas, taking Titus also with us. 2 And I went up by a revelation, and pro- posed to them the gospel which I preach among ■the Gentiles, but privately to them that seemed to be [leaders], lest by any means I might run, or had run, in vain. 3 But Titus, who was with me, being a Greek, was not compelled to be circumcised ; -4 [though that was demanded] by false brothers that 18 Period I. Gal. '2 : 5—15. came in by stealth privately to spy out our liberty which we have in Christ Jesus, that they might bring us into bondage ; 5 to whom we yielded by sub- jection not an hour, that the *truth of the gospel might continue with you. 6 But those that seemed to be leaders, whatever they were, it makes no dif- ference to me, God accepts not the person of man ; for those that seemed to be leaders added nothing to me; 7 but on the contrary, seeing that I was in- trusted with the gospel of the uncircumcision, as Pe- ter was with that of the circumcision ; 8 for he that wrought in Peter for the apostleship of the circum- cision, wrought in me also for the Gentiles; 9 and perceiving the grace given me, James, Cephas and John, who were evidently pillars, gave me and Bar- nabas right-hands of fellowship, that we should goto the Gentiles, and they to the circumcision ; 10 only [advising] that we should remember the poor, which I also was forward to do. 11 But when Cephas came to Antioch I op- posed him to his face, for he w^as wrong. 12 For before some came from James, he ate with the Gentiles, but when they came, he withdrew, and separated himself, fearing those of the circumcis- ion. 13 And the rest of the Jews dissembled with him, so that Barnabas Avas carried away ^dth their hypocris}^ 14 But when I saw that they walked not according to the truth of the gospel, I said to Cephas before all. If you, being a Je\N^ live in the manner of the Gentiles, and not in that of the Jews, why do you compel the Gentiles to live in the manner of the Jews? 15 AVe are by birth Jews, and Period I. Gal. 2 : 16—3 : 5. 19^ not sinners of the Gentiles, 16 but knowing that a man is not justified by works of the law, but by the faith of Jesns Christ, we have believed in Christ Je- sus, that we may be justified by faith, and not by works of law, for by works of law shall no tiesli be justified. 17 But if seeking to be justified by Christ, we also ourselves are found to be sinners, is Christ then a minister of sin ? By no means. 18 For if what I palled down, those things I build up, I make myself a transgressor. 19 For by law I have died to law, that I may live to God. 20 I am crucified with Christ, and I live no longer, but Christ lives in me,. and the life that I now live in the fiesh I live in the faith of the son of the God, who loved me and gave himself for me. 21 I do not reject the grace of the God ; for if righteousness is by la\v, then Christ died in vain. CHAPTER 11. 8 : 1—1 : 11. The Jewish law Srt aside, as a work of augels, and the augels super- seded by Jesus. 3:1 O foolish Galatians, who bewitched you, be- fore whose eyes Jesus Christ was clearly set forth; among you crucified ? 2 This only would I learn from you, Did you receive the Spirit from works of law, or from a hearing of faith ? 3 Are you so fool- ish ? Beginning with the spirit, do you now finish with the flesh ? 1 Have you suffered so many things in vain ? if indeed they are in vain. 5 He that supplies to you the spirit and performs miracles among you,, does he do these things by works of law, or by a. :20 Period L Gal. 3 : 6—18. lieariDg of faitli ? 6 As Abraham believed the God, and it Avas counted to him for righteousness. 7 Know, therefore, that those of faith, they are sons of Abraham, 8 and the Scripture, foreseeing that ^he God woukl justify the nations by faith, declared the good news to Abraham [saying], In you shall all .the nations be blessed. 9 So that those of faith are blessed with faithful Abraham. 10 For as many as are of works of law, are under a curse ; for it is writ- ten [Deut. 27 : 26], Cursed is every one that contin- ues not in all things written in the book of the law to do them. 11 But that none is justified by law with the God is clear, for the just shall live hj faith, {Habac. 3:5.) 12 and the law is not of faith, but he that does these things shall live by them. (Lev. 18 : 5.) 13. Christ redeemed us from the curse of the law, being made curse for us ; for it is written [Deut. 21 : 23], Cursed is every one that is hanoed on a tree. 14 that the blessing of Abraham might come on the Gentiles by Christ Jesus, that we might receive the promise of the spirit by the faith. 15 Brothers, I speak after the manner of men, nev- ertheless when a man's covenant is ratified, none an- nuls or changes it. 16 The promises Avere made to Abraham and his seed. He says not. And to seeds, as of many, but as of one, and to your seed, Avhich is Christ. 17 And I say this, that the covenant which was ratified by the God, the law that Avas four hun- dred and thirty years later cannot annul to make the promise Avithout effect. 18 For if the inheritance is by law, it is no longer by promise, but the God gave it to Abraham by promise. Period!. Gal. 3:19—4:7. 21 19 What then ? The. law was added because of transgressions, till the seed which was promised came, ordained by angels by hand of a mediator [ Jeve] . 20 But the mediatar was not of one, but the God is one. 21 Is the law then against the promises of God ? By no means ; for if a la^v had been given able to give life, the righteousness would really have been by law. 22 But the Scripture concluded all things un- der sin, that the promise by the faith of Jesus Christ might be given to them that believe, 23 and before the faith came, we were kept under law, shut up for the faith that was to be revealed ; 24 so that the law was our schoolmaster for Christ, that we might be justified by faith. 25 But the faith having come, we are no longer under the schoolmaster, 26 for you are all sons of God by the faith in Christ Jesus, 27. for as many of ^you as were baptized into Christ put on Christ. 28 There is neither Jew nor Greek,, slave nor free, male nor female ; for you are all one in Christ Jesus, 29 and if you are Christ's, then are you Abraham's seed, and heirs according to the promise. 4 : 1 But I say as long as the heir is a child, he differs in nothing from a servant, though he is master of all, 2 but is under guardians and stewards till the time appointed by the father. 3 So we also when we were children, were made to serve under the constellations of the world ; 4 but when the full time came, the God sent forth his Son, born of wo- man, born under law, 5 that he might redeem those under law, that we might obtain the adoption, 7 so ^2 Pekiod I. Gal. 3 : 8—4 : 22. that you are no longer a servant, but a son, and if a son, also an heir by God. 8 But then not knowing God, you served beings not really gods ; 9 but now knowing God more properly, being known by God, how do you turn back again to the weak and beggarly constellations which you wish again to serve? 10 You observe days and months, and seasons and years. 11 I fear for you, lest I have labored for you in vain. CHAPTER III. 4 : 12—31. Paul mentions tlie early love of the Galatians for him, and allegorizes the stories of Sarah and Hac^ar. 4 : 12. Brothers, be as I am, for I am as you are ; you did me no wrong, 13 and you know that in weakness of Hesli I preached to you at first, 14 and my trial which was in my liesh you despised not, nor rejected, but you received me as an angel of God, as Christ Jesus. 15 What then was your happiness ? For I bear you witness that if it had been possible, you would have plucked out your eyes, and have given them to me. Have I then become an enemy by telling you the truth ? 17 They are zealous for you, but not in a good cause, they wish even to ex- clude you, that you may be zealous for theiii. 18 It is well to be zealous always in a good cause, and not only when I am present with you. 19 My little children, with whom I am again in travail till Christ is formed in you, 20 I would that I could be pres- ent with you, and exchange my voice with you, for I -am in doubt of you. 21 Tell me, you that wish to be under law, do you not hear the law ? 22 For it is Period I. Gal. 4 : 23—5 : 3. 23 written, that Abraham had two sons, one by the maid servant, and the other by the free woman. 23 And he from the maid servant was born after the flesh, bnt he from the free woman, by the promise. 24 These things are allegorized [thus], for these [womenj are two covenants, one from mount Sini, giving births for bondage, which is Hagar. 25 For Hagar is mount Sini in Arabia, and she corresponds to the present Jerusalem, for she is a seryant [of Home] with her sons. 26 But the Jerusalem above is free, which is the mother of us, 27 for it is writ- ten [Isa. 54: 1], Rejoice, barren one, that bears not, break out and sing, you that have no pain, for the children of her that was desolate are more than those of her that has a husband. 28 And you, brothers, like Isaac, are children of the promise. 29 But as then he that was born after the flesh persecuted him that was after the spirit, so it is now. 30 But what says the Scripture ? Cast out the maid servant and her son, for the son of the maid servant shall not in- herit with the son of the free woman. 31 Where- fore, brothers, we are not children of the maid serv- ant, but of the free woman. CHAPTER ly. 5 : 1—6 : 18. Liberty to be maintained under universal divine laws. 5 : 1. Stand fast, therefore, in the liberty with which Christ made us free, and be not again caught in a yoke of bondage. 2 See, I Paul tell you, that if you are circumcised, Christ will profit you nothing. 3. And I testify again to every man that is circum- 24 Period I. Gal. 5 : 4—21. cised, that he is bound to keep the whole law. 4 You have fallen away from Christ ; whoever of you are justified by law you have fallen from the grace. 5 For we wait in spirit for the hope of righteousness, by faith. 6 For in Christ Jesus neither circumcision avails any thing, nor uncircumcision, but faith in- wrought by love. 7 You ran well ; who hindered you that you did not obey the truth ? 8 [This] persua- sion is not from him that calls you. 9 A little leaven leavens a whole mass. 10 I am persuaded concern- ing you in master, that you will not think otherwise, but he that disturbs you shall bear his sin, whoever he is. 11 And I, brothers, if I yet preach circumcis- ion, why am I yet persecuted ? Then has the offence of the cross ceased. 12 I would that they were cut off that trouble you, 13 for you were called to free- dom ; only use not freedom for an occasion to the ffesh, but in love serve one another. 14 For all the law is fully contained in one precept, in that saying. You shall love your neighbor as yourself, 15 but if you bite and devour one another, see that you are not consumed by one another. 16 And I say, Walk spiritually, and perform not a desire of the fiesh. 17 For the flesh desires against the spirit, and the spirit against the flesh, and these are opposed, one to the other, so that you cannot do the things that you would. 18 But if you are led by a spirit you are not under a law. 19 For the works of the flesh are manifest, which are fornication, impurity, lascivious- ness, 20 idolatry, sorcery, enmities, contention, en- vy, anger, quaiTels, divisions, heresies, 21 murders, drunkenness, reveling and the like, of which I warn Pebiod I. Gal. 5 : 22—6 : 12. 25 you, as I also did warn you, that those who do such things shall not inherit a kingdom of God. 22 But the fruit of the spirit is love, joy, peace,, long-suffering, kindness, goodness, faith, 23 meek- ness, temperance : against such there is no law^ 24 and those who are of the Christ Jesus, have cru- cified the flesh with its passions and desires. 25 If we live spiritually, let us walk spiritually. 26 Let us not be desirous of vainglory, provoking one another, envying one another. 6 : 1, Brothers, if a man is overtaken in any fault, do you that are spiritual restore such a one in a spirit of meekness, considering yourself that you be not tempted. 2 Bear one another's burdens, and so ful- fil the law of Christ, 3 for if one seems to be some- thing, when he is nothing, he deceives himself. 4 But let each one prove his own work, and then he will have glorying in himself, and not in another. 5 For each one shall bear his own burden. 6. Let him that is taught the word communicate to him that teaches in all good things. 7. Be not de- ceived ; God is not mocked ; for what a man sows, this also shall he reap. 8 For he that sows for his flesh, shall from the flesh reap destruction ; but he that sows for the spirit shall from the spirit reap a life eternal. 9 And let us not be weary of well doing, for in due time we shall reap, if we faint not. 10 Let us, therefore, as we have opportunity, do good to all,, but especially to servants of the faith. 11 See what a letter I have written you with my hand. 12 As many as wish to make a fair show in the flesh, they compel you to be circumcised, only 3 20 Period I. Gal. 5 : 13.— 1 Cor. 1 : 6. that tliey may not be persecuted for tlie cross of the Christ. 13 For they that are circumcised do not themselves keep tlie law, but they wish you to be cir- cumcised that they may glory in your flesh. 14 But far be it from me to glory except in the cross of our master Jesus Christ, by whom the world is crucified to me, and I to the world. 15 For neither is cir- cumcision anything, nor uncircumcision, but a new creature, 16 and as many as walk by this rule, peace be on them, and mercy, and on the Isral of the God. 17. Finally, let no man trouble me, for I have the marks of Jesus on my body. 18 The grace of our master Jesus Christ be with your spirit, brothers. Amen. 3. Paul to the Corinthiaris, /. Ephesus, 56 A. D. CHAPTEK I. 1 : 1—2 : 16. Paul rebukes divisions, defends his preaching, and considers higher questions among the advanced. 1 : 1 Paul, a called apostle of Christ Jesus by a will of God, and Sothsenes, the. brother, 2 to the church of the God, the sanctified in Christ Jesus, who are in Corinth, called saints, with all that call on the name of our Master Jesus Christ in every place, both theirs and ours ; 3 grace be to you and peace from God our father and master Jesus Christ. 4 I thank my God always for you, for the grace of the God given you in Christ Jesus, 5 that you are enriched in all speech, and in all knowledge ; 6 .as the testimony of the Christ was confirmed in you ; PekiodI. ICoK. 7: 21. 27 7 so that you are not lacking in any gift, waiting for the revelation [coming] of our master Jesus Christ, 8 who will also confirm you to the end, without blame, in the clay of our master Jesus Christ. 9 Faith- ful is the God by whom you are called into the fel- lowship of his son Jesus Christ our master. 10 But I exhort you, brothers, in the name of our master Jesus Christ, that you all say the same thing, and that there be no diyisions among you, but that you be perfected in the same mind and in the same judgment ; 11 for it has been shown me concern- ing you, my brothers, by [the friends] of Chloe, that there are contentions among you. 12 And I say this, that each of you says, I am of Paul, and I of Apollos, and I of Cephas, aiid I of Christ. 13 Is the Christ divided ? Was Paul crucified for you ? Or were you baptized in the name of Paul ? 14 I thank the God that I baptized none of 3'ou but Crispus and Gains, 15 that none may say that you were bap- tized in^my name. 16 And I also baptized the house of Stephanas ; besides, I know not that I baptized any other ; 17 for Christ sent me not to baptize, but to preach the gospel ; not in the wisdom of a Xioo'os, that the cross of Christ mioht not be made empty ; 18 for the word of the cross is to the lost, foolishness ; but to us the saved, it is a power of God. 19 For it is written [Isa. 29 : 14], I mU de- stroy the wisdom of the wise, and I ^\-ill bring to nought the understanding of the intelligent. 20 Where is a wise man ? where is a scribe ? where a disputant