Conservation Resources 
 Lig-Free® Type I 
 Ph 8.5, Buffered 
 
EXTRACT 
 
 OF A 
 
 glOCFiAlillCAL AND PHYSICAL SURVEY 
 
 Bkw Grai?at>a, Central America, Mexico, The Antilles, 
 AND United States. 
 
 From the year 1847 to 1868. 
 
 BY EEV. A. CORNSTTE. S. J. 
 
 SPRING HILL COLLEGE, Near MOBILE. (Ala,) 
 1869. 
 
 -^Pl' 
 
 W> 
 

 Digitized by the Internet Archive 
 in 2010 with funding from 
 The Library of Congress 
 
 ^/} „/ -^ If J /I 
 
 http://www.archive.org/details/extracTOfgeograp00corn 
 
iXTRoDCrriux. 
 
 Tbo Survey of a Ci.nntiy, in its g'-ivr .1 acceptation, 
 contaiiit* tw(j veiy distinct }alt^: 
 
 Est. Thp crengmphicu Position of the Stations observed; 
 namely: tlieir L iiitude, Ljisgitiide and Altitude. 
 
 21. The physical N itnro of tin S')ii, an I its eithor roal 
 or possible, niinprivl, v»^ij;''>tul and aununl Products, under the 
 tlierniiil and hydranlical liifiii-jncL's. 
 
 This double object was partiallv obtained, in travelling, 
 with some astronotnieal an.d niet('orolo};i"al insfrnrnonts, fioni 
 the year 1847 to 1808, througii New (iiiaxada, Gkntral Amkr- 
 JCA, Mexico. The Antili.ks una Tuk United iStatks. 
 
 In obeying an ord^r received from a religious Society, 
 and in tollowiiig a direction given by learned Friends, after a 
 gr -at deal of labor and difiicuitieH, a large amount of fiiiures 
 and nores were collected. Tiie fdiowing Tabular Extract of 
 these Notes, will bo almost ^ufficieut, tor an intelligent Tiav- 
 e'ler, tocmceive an a'iequate estiinaie of the value of a country 
 where he would intend to settle. 
 
 We follow, frora year to year, the order of the Journey.i. 
 The Tabular Extract contains: 
 
 Iht. The Names of the Stations. Those where a longer 
 time was spent in observations, and which became Starting 
 I'oints for the others, are written in capital lettres. 
 
 21. Their relative approximate distances in common Miles. 
 
 31. Their Latitude and h ngitude found by astronomical or 
 trigonometrical calculations, in the United States, where tiio 
 Positions are well known, but few Points will be given, 
 
 id. The average Altitude or Height of the stations above tho 
 level of the Sea. S(jme culminant Points were determined, at 
 once, by the Barometer, the height of which is recorded; by 
 Boiling- Water, [ AnasGOthermy , ]; and by Trigonometry. Tite 
 Height, in Metres, is taken irom Oltnrans' Tables, which, ou 
 the top of high mountains, were found to be veiy accurate. 
 
5t1i Tiie Tcn.porRtnro of the I'huos. It ^vas fiHiiid, dirrctly, 
 wiili TliOiniorijelioH exposed to tlie nir, or pliu ged into Mibifi- 
 iiiin'Oiis watoTH, and iudiirctly, in admitting a dinunntiuu ot 
 1° Cent grade, !or a lieight, alnAO the i-ca, 18U meiien. 
 
 6ih. The Geolngical Formation and Nature of the Soil, and 
 its real or pr >bAb!8 products. 
 
 7th. Souio gei era! Reniarl^s, at Lirge. on the shape nnd special 
 advantages and di^advancages of each Contitry. We know too 
 well that these rcmaiks will be useful, either for the safety of 
 travellers or for the Biarting of a contemplated settlement. 
 
 We pnppose the Reailers arquainted: 1st. With Metrical 
 Measure-;: One metre = 3.28 cnglish feet. 2d. With riuiiie no- 
 tions of Meteorology, and the working of the Instininents, 
 near the Eqnator. The Cent, Therm, is to Farenh., above S^o, 
 as 10 is to IS. In practice, for changing Cent, into Far., donliie 
 the Degrees Cfnt., snbtiact the ten.ths and add 32. Thus, 25*^ 
 Cent, give: 25x2 — 5 + 32=77° Far. 3d. Wjih the Or.ler 
 of the Geological Formaiions: namely, 1. Ejaculated Scries; 
 Granitic, Gr. — Cambrian, Cab. — Porphyriiic, For. — Trachytic, 
 Tr. — Volcanic, Vol. — 2. Sedimentary Series: Silurian. 
 Sil. — Devonian, Dev. — Carboniferous, Car. — Penean. Pen.— 
 Tria>sic, Tri. — Oolitic, Oo. — Cretaceous, Or. — Tertiary, 
 Ter. — Quaternary, Qua. — and Modern, Mod. — 
 
 For sake oi bievity, we have: fr. fertile: str. sterile: 
 for. forest; past, pastumge; sw. swamps; bar. barren; &ct. 
 
 Ttie Observations marked with Asterics * were commu- 
 nicated by friends, or made by former travellers: we are respou- 
 
 sible for the otheis. 
 
 Sorin? Hill Coll. Drc. 1868. 
 
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Survey in New Granada continued. 6 
 
 CULMINANT POINTS taken by Trigonometry, in the bii^in of the 
 Rivers Cauca and Magdalena, for reference to geography- 
 
 CiTATluN.'«. 
 
 Lat. LoN 
 
 Aj 
 
 Buey, Papas lake, 
 
 1..58 7(j,22 
 
 448. 
 
 Sotora Volcano, 
 
 2 04 ,2- 
 
 4774 
 
 I'urace Volc- 
 
 ,10 ,09 
 
 4676 
 
 Trtilln peak. 
 
 ,27 ,51 
 
 
 finila Volc- 
 
 3,02 ,04 
 
 301 r 
 
 Gelimn peak, 
 
 .03 ,35 2.500 
 
 Tolima Voir- 
 
 4.3f) 75 36 
 
 •)48-) 
 
 Qiiindiu pass, 
 
 ,4o id- 
 
 (2or 
 
 Pnramont Ruix, 
 
 ,5o 
 
 .)ol3 
 
 Peak of Sta Marta, 
 
 11,04 74.00 
 
 5fioo 
 
 La Vela' Cape, 
 
 12,2o 72.40 
 
 35. 
 
 Oruba Peak, 
 
 ,3o 7o,15 
 
 7oo 
 
 ^t'oTES. 
 
 Andes'te; perp, ice; source of river-i- 
 
 Through state, thrach\te basalt stilph. 
 
 Icy flattened active solfuiare; basalt, 
 
 Qunrtzite metalliferous ? 
 
 Rruption in Nov- 1847- 
 
 Metall- fjiiartzitC ? 
 
 .\ndesite hiisalt sulphur; i.^e lit 4800 tnt- 
 
 \ndesit basalt wet sand- 
 
 Kternal ice on andesitic tnichyte- 
 
 Group of metamorph, rocks- 
 
 "Vleiam.iphic dry rock- 
 
 Meiam- conic lock- 
 
 Geological Section of the Andes, between N. Lat. 2—3 degr. 1847 
 
 R» MARKS, For the beneiit of nnv persons contemplating settl* ment.», 
 
 the country, heretofore d. s.rib.d, is naturnlly divided into five longiiudinai 
 sections- The following remarks will surti up the relai.ive value of each. 
 
 l.st. The western slope along the Pacific, is a damp, unhealthy, impene- 
 trable t'orest, rich. Indeed, in precious wood and useful vines, sar*apanlla, va- 
 nilln, &.C. and especially noted f..r its platii a drift, hut it is tit only for Jaguar 
 monkevsand runaways. On account of dampne.-s and perennial mud, the in- 
 habitailts, mostly negroes, live upon nee., or in rudely constiu.-ted cane huts. 
 
 ^d. The Cn'ucn vallev mnv be called the Rl Dorado of New Granada. Is 
 is warm but open and he'alihy;" rich in rolling Placeres and solid or.^s of gold, 
 &c. its soil is r.atuialv fit for any tropical plants, banana, sugar, coflee, hi- 
 hucco, cocoa, gum trees, cinchona, &c. There is however a drawba.-k to th,» 
 favored spot: communication with the sea coast is obstracled by falls in the 
 Cauca, and by shoals in both the Dagua and JN'are rivers, and wheel carnages 
 are as much unknown as rail roads. , v i, i j 
 
 3d. The Magdalena valley, in the upper part, is a dry broken land, or a 
 poor pebbly sand: the lower, an endless damp forest, crossed by qaadrumane» 
 only, and where trials to settle, till now a day, proved fatal. 
 
 ■ 4th. The Plains of the Meta, at the foot of the rugged slaty range, are an 
 inaccessible ocean of sand on dry and low granite, with clusters of wood, un- 
 inhabitable, annually overflowed by the streams. 
 
 5th. The Plateau of Bogota, 2660 mtr. high, is the most congenial with 
 the habits of temperate zones. Salt, coal and building material abound; (stone) 
 grass and most other products of temperate climates thrive here, ex.-epi wheat 
 and grape vine. No forests. Mules onlv can reach this aerial spot; the climate 
 is falubrious, but as it is too unitbim, health requires an annual cliange of local- 
 ities, even for natives. 
 
 PRECAUTions: Avoid dampness of air and s-iil; poisonous springs generaly 
 marked: crossing narrow valleys in the evening. Be cautions in the use of 
 fruits and liquors; Travel 8 to 10 miles a day. In spite of great care and pre- 
 caution, in this country, the law of vitaliiy will suffer a check. The age ot 65 
 years is a muximum, and 70 a phenomenon of human Jile.^ 
 
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 p ^ ^ 3- o 
 
 =- 2 3 "^ O 
 
 ore) 
 
 2-'^ 
 
 q- 3 c'i: 
 
 2 ?" ~ 3 '5^ 
 
 2cr 
 
 -,^f^ 
 
Survey iii Central America- 15 
 
 Ct'LMiXANT rOlN'i'S (nkeii l>y Tn,;(,nomotiy, \u ihi"' iSiaK ofCu-.m 
 3ri:i'n, fur I'cri-rcDC;' i.i) ;;<•();.' inpliy. 
 
 11,,!. ri i.oiii;. ami! Notks. 
 
 S lATIO*''?. 
 
 ).l;i l,'2:i SOI 
 
 ;M,4i) J. 07 !)!!() r.-iiv!, .iiiulsl 
 
 i':iiii igiiii; iVdiii sti iisliite ;iti<! SMiidsl.Coi 
 i'.iil iiC ilip i)i-im;ii V I'iiig'' (ifOmoii; for- 
 
 'J i|i()n iiciik, 
 
 Juluicu ni.Hint, I .():> :,'i:i i'i(Hi 
 
 Kiel,, p.Nik. 
 
 S.in Difj;.. vnlcaiio, | ,17 ,04 Srdri^'s dli^i; ucl in^ l ti^^ oa t imi.I of Giii j: 
 
 W . end ofGiiiia lak i .Hl 0,.")S N^ ^'i' 'ny f!ie Uik. , .M(Ia|>a licli iicii (iic 
 
 ChiiiKo vilcaim, 1 ,0(i , l!» H.i^h .-olal . .)ii n.llint! l |- laud; .-ter- 
 
 ^. 
 
 ^*^" 
 
 J. s. 
 
 ^*^ 
 
 mala, betwoea 11. 1") and 15,20 degr. Liil. 185t). 
 
 
 i;E.\lA[iK>\ Tl.e r.>ni.trv lior.'tnfon' .lesrrlLed, f'-T its nvularily and irrej;- 
 idari'y, is dividrd into /.<iii s r.n i rlastMS ill " it'ne uf wLicli is simiincd u]i tlim: 
 
 !sl. 'I'll.' Cnasi aioM", Miiiidiiias s;'a r. insists, dii the S and VV. alona; s|)anisli 
 iiiiiid.'i s, ia iiaiTiiw ;Miii;rs lieiwecMi s|Mns of |Miniary n ■cks, and on the NW. 
 ,'!iiii,'; luiiish Mini. hi as, N . of l)i' isi', in a wide Uiw p uiii w it h swamps and 
 
 1 (s ll IS ) I'll, indiM^il, ill rii'cii.n?. v> d and lis tnl nhmts; iirii)(;anhy ceiiar 
 
 :. i)a-iiiil ban. UK! s i isu|iai iia v;l lilLa ■nanioe \'a-, lidr, fol' il'? hiw siluiit .)ii, it, is 
 • iiy UiiSicahby especlah'y ii' si ri ji|ied <if iis hnesls. Daring; two ecu: nr-ies, tii" 
 "iajs foi sritl-.-uiiMiis, Oabo (li arias, P.'t.iok liv, Puerto de sal, Tilli,(J riv, a /! 
 i iiitas-f-iOidas, ^, bv ili'iusi is ) |j1.ivc i'alal to whites, ttl. 'i'hoDiart wh.s lately *! 
 ■ tieadful failui-e, Tnixillo (J;noa and YzahaJ .He p»or, i'jelis.', not. pfosperous. 
 (1 ■nU and Zamlio nc^^iocs only caa liv,. there and cut, wood I'of whites. 
 
 2d. The Coast abn,;.. the Paellie, (i i o >! miles iiiltind, is ii series of quieksaiid 
 More or Ics.s rnovihie hills. ( (bines carried b.y S\V win. I, ) with very inihealthy 
 swamps b.twren th ni. No .sellleinenis, aild i.he harbor of Jktapa is not, woi(.h a 
 \i^il; by the California sleamrrs line. 
 
 3d. The EscLiintla Zone. 20 i.i 30 mile.s wide, h'etw. the liiJoial dimes and 
 the volcnnic line, ],< a vi-iy !i(-li soil, covered v.ilh high forests, crossed by deep 
 creeks, easily irrigated, aval. aide for i'arniiiii', and healthy. There thrive e(.>-<.;i, 
 siie-ar i:iii];,r|, „„,\ ospiv-iailv. becaiis." o! periodical riiiis; eocbiaeol. But there. 
 is a drawback: cnininiiniral io' s a iv tedious bv iiie I'aoKic, and diffi< uit, mule- 
 back, to 'i/abi4l tilion-b rai-'^ed -ilouiilains and hot valleys. 
 
 4th. The zone of Volcaaoe.;, liiore inland, is covered with a dry pumice ashe. 
 deposit., feiiile nn'y ih-rc wbcr.'. in forme.' bikes, a biybr of cnrnpact ciay w;is 
 not carrnd away I'lv '.ij,,-,- wiitel-s, as in the ravlned plateau of (i iialemal.i city 
 On the bii;li land ("Abos') NVV of Cliiatema la, wheat can jmow and siifiice f() 
 lionie consumoilon, and, in tliis mtii'd country, somenairow and broken beds 
 ofcoal were found iini; no! worked i'or ; heir inaccessibility. 
 
 .Itb. The group of riig,i:ed primary peaks, between Gnateinala and Chiipb- 
 TTiila, i-oiilai'ns nnrreW brv Valb^v's s.Oecied I'V indiaiis only and i.iaccossiblc. 
 'J'hc tame reii'arks aiv -ood lor the lii-h dry ■idg-e of Ve-a Pav, where Indians 
 inanage to l<eep from slaiA'ng, because with tortillas am! iiijoles t ley starve 
 in.where. Finailv the meiallic group bor.leiing Homlnras, allbnir_-l; nigged bv 
 tiie inoumbiiig broken saiidsione plateau, contiins With silver mines, heaiiliy 
 places for farming, but it is the most inaccessible. 
 
 Life is confortahle i'or 1 ndians but not ki iVir wliies. Tbelaboi of In- 
 dians Is calculaied as worih _j oi' wliilr- labor. Wlii.d veliicb-s are :e in i.di uu- 
 known us railroads. Tlie .a e ^ , h e LiTiiip's at impi o\ f-neni s wei. siiecked 
 by deseases, locusts, im' ilmea k<' ■><■■,-] . iv:! .ew.hjlions. 
 
"^ ' - K-'-- ' ' 'r— O"^ ? ~ ? "• 2 '■■'' "•' 1 S -: 3 i-fo '"*= S '"^ •= -' 
 
 £-•'- § r 7^ ^ 5 '^ 3 3 5 ^ !^ -E =- c 2 S P i'^ — ^ "".^ j\ ~ =■■ 
 i-"^ ,5 ^ ?- '-< ?. - < ~ ? ^ r- !^ — < 2 -. ? 5^ ^ » ? =^; „ S T: 
 
 : 3 2^ f 
 
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 ">< 3 5^ ^ S Z =■ _ _ 3_ C -. SVq 2 
 
 2 p CI. 
 
 
 
 "' '^ ^^^ 3- £. " ? " ■" 
 
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 ■ "■ S 'p Si ^ 5 n. ,2 Si "^ -; oc 
 
 
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Culmiiiant points taken by trygonoraetry, for the geogra^ili^^ 
 ol Mexico. 1854, 
 
 Mt 
 
 A maliiiche pcik, 
 .1'ijp(>cat(>f)i'tl Vdlc. 
 Istaccihiuiti Vole. 
 Aiiisco ^^i!c. 
 Toluca \',, \V of M. 
 
 Lat 
 
 Lon. 
 
 AlTi 
 
 !9,i:i 
 
 1,11 
 
 
 
 18., 37 
 
 34 
 
 '.400 
 
 19,12 
 
 0,27 
 
 4787 
 
 IS;-VJ 
 
 0,14 
 
 •■903 
 
 i.O.U) 
 
 0,3:^2 
 
 447(J' 
 
 NotPS. 
 
 Tr.ichvts liasalls* 
 
 13, sol'fat, Bar. 38-2,.'3 iro nt. 
 
 Id. extinct, ice at Bar. 43 J. (J 
 
 Jfl. occasionaly snowy. 
 
 I(i. and pumice. 
 
 4300 iDts. 
 
 W 
 
 ^~ 
 
 Section of Mexico, between 18,0 and 19,30 degs. Lat. N. 1S.')4- 
 
 llEMARKS. Tlie State of Mexico, likewise as that of Guati'iiiala, may 
 hv divided in longittid-inal zones, as follows; 
 
 1st The Gulf Coast, 25 miles inland, consists in an unhealtliy line ol' marine; 
 diiiics, and in a hot sandy plain with j'oor ])ariurage- 
 
 ■2d The Pacitic Coast, 20 mis inland, near Acnpulco. consists in a line ot 
 .swampy saud nnhabilable and a line of dry and sterile pranite- 
 
 3d The Slaty Zone, cither to the cast, as at Cordova, or to the we.-i, as at 
 Oiieniavaca ami Oajaca. Tiiese zones are the mexican Edens, for their ve,i;^'-i- 
 able pruilijcts: jirecious woods, cochineal, coffee, indis», cocoa, susar corn &C- 
 Let a w:i.r,„i road to be ojjeac.i, workmen to he sent and civil order to be re- 
 establis).e"d and these zones \x ill be the Ei Dorado of Ameiica. 
 
 4th 'J"he metallic Line, on the western slope of the slaty formation, is_j)oor, 
 indeed for vegetation, but it abounds principally in silver ores- According to 
 the last calculation, the product of the Syenit po'-phyry, before iho year IS-hi, 
 vither coined and not coined or exported by conlrebaTide,- was at h asl; 
 
 Silver extracted before 1853, coined for $ 2,480,351.443 
 
 .iK.erand,old not coined , S27..00,^0 
 
 Gold coined ; r.Alo 
 
 Copper coined o,/ 3*,,S^ 8 
 
 Total extracted during 332 years - $ 3,407,417.87b- 
 
 f.tn The Volcanic Zone, running at once from SE to NW, and E to W, i^ 
 g-cnerallv poor for cultivation, except there where a lake boUom is io bejiaind 
 as in Puebla, Mexico and Morelia's valleys- The iraehylic balooas mav fnniish 
 i;ood limber! and the lava a superior ma-eria! for building on a movible s.nl- 
 Travelleis nujsMl=e ,esv.-cially alonu th- coast-., ■ iie s.iaie precaulions as 
 in Central Airi ii. -a ai d New Gran-da, principaky d:M;iig ilie ninv s,^as.j(n 
 from Aiiiil to > >c:obi"- 
 
K ? a: iT' 51 2 
 
 3 r— ( >— I 
 
 = 2.3 r.=- 
 
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 i E:^ " £. -i 
 
 
 
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 ^1 00 C» C; ^ i5o 03 4- C.7 -'t i;i 3; C3 CJ Ci _ _ OJ 
 
 
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 ^ =• ;; = q ^ 2L =^ 3 93 7. r ra 1. ?^ T H,"^ 
 
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20 
 
 REMARKS on The Aiitilli'S. In dnlci- To apprrciiili' ihi' rwinontl and Vi'ircfrJ 
 resources of these ishinds, we may divide them iiccorch'ng to their gensrrafhic ;tl 
 form, to their geological formations and lo the volcanic and hydraulic rcvo'ii- 
 tionsof they were and they are till now the theatre, 
 
 H we take off the large drifted hank of Bahama crowned wiili (-orrals, as a 
 prize for fishermen, and a museum of shells and spon.ees; it" we add the const 
 range of l^i^ria Cape, Caiacas, Guajii'a, Sta Maria and the Fopu mount of 
 Cartagena, which, by u. light lising of the sea, conhl become a line of island.-i, 
 there will remain, for the Antilles, from Yiicalan to Virireii L:,!., to Paria Cajie, 
 to Darian gidf, a quasi circular line of islands, in the shape of S3 , arou/id 
 the Caribean Sea. 
 
 The granite, or metamorphic hase, submerged in the curve of the small ea-t-r 
 ern islands, appears on the south of each branch, in Pinos isl., Jamaica anil 
 llayii;) and ilj the coast range of S. Anieiica The sliite and cnlslate, probably 
 carboniferous, is to be seen from Faria cape to SB. of Cnba; ( 'J'rinidad, .Viar- 
 tinica, .laiTiaica anfl Santiago, ) The pnrphyric trapf), with capricious met-dlic- 
 veins, cspeci cop[)er, is very developj)ed from Duniii'i(-a isl. to Yucatan, (Vir- 
 gen isl. Porto rico Hayti. E. Jamaica, E. and W. of Cuba,) Volcanic trachyts, 
 basalts and lavas ])redominate, froin Martinica and St. Vincent as ceiitors of 
 eruption, to the islands along the coast of Caracas, and at the NW. to I he top 
 of Blue Mountains of Jamaica, but, here and there, a crater is not to ho seen. 
 
 After this geological working, deeply disturbed by Voh-anic action, atlaiuic 
 currents rushing at first from EN,E. as now from ESE, washed, ( as it is to be 
 observed in all the ridges or groups in America,) the eastern s'ope of the an- 
 tillan emerging peaks, and accumulated, on their western foot, boulders, ii h- 
 bles, sand, clay, guano and bones. This fact, referred to the last geological age 
 was observed, ( personal ) on the east, and west, slope of the Andes, from the 
 equator to Mexico, likewise as in the NE. of the U S- In the Antilles, these 
 generally rich but unhealthy drifts are to he found, sheltered against tlie sea. 
 currents, by an east- primary peak, in west- and middle parts of Cubji and .hi- 
 maica, Na.vasa, Inagua, S- Tlioine, Dominica, Oruba, Monks, ( Maracaibo ) 
 Rio Hacha, Cienega, and in the gult ut Honduras. 
 
 Returning on our steps and applying, we have: 
 
 1- The Granite dry and poor alloi(is, on the N- good timbers, and on the 
 S-, cactus and thorn y plants- 
 
 2- The Slate, although less extended, is the best for coffee tobacco cocoa 
 &c- besides it contains galena and some indication of coal- 
 s' The porphyric trapp generally soft affords good dry soil for farming, hut 
 
 it is steep and broken, and preferable for pisints which require no irrigation- 
 Timbers and copper are its principal products- 
 
 4- Volcanic deposits are gener. dry and poor, except perhaps in Martinica- 
 
 .5- The Drift rolling at the foot of the peaks, when covered with clay, is the 
 most ])roductive for any equatorial plants- Som ;where, as at .VJoraiit point,, 
 in Navasa, and Monks isl. an appearent sterility is a sign of too niui-h fe- 
 eondity: there are to be found ri( h guano and buried bones. 
 
 Sc-ctioii fVoni Florldti to Orinoco Riv, through Cuba, Jamaica and Caracas. 
 
21 
 Strvey in rxiTKi) States. 
 
 I'rKIJMINAKY Kl^MAKKS. 
 
 The Siirvi'v wa< maiie, in ttie l.'niteil Stutes, in tlic samft 
 wav aii.i vvirli tiip saii!^ iii-t?-iiiii('iits<, as in the orl'-er cuint ri(?-; of 
 the Snnili; Imr, foi tiifi ilifferenrp in latituiif. a diffii'iily occnrrpd 
 in cah-u'ariiig, witli the ijaro iiHt/M', the l.eiiJ:hr of the various 
 s'ation,s. A stamlarl haroitu-'tei- was ohsorvHil, t'onv tiun^s a (Usy, 
 diu'iiig ten .>ea!s, at iS|iriii,;): Mill cohcgH, tiieaiiwhiie another one 
 was carri! li rfi|j('aierily an i oi).--erveii in mv road rais and stagf-. 
 The dit'f.M-fnce of tlie rri'iemial cohnrui, in '>(>th in-t innients, whs 
 it'com.se ih'^ ai>;ninenr tor the metrical lnMi.hr o tin? s'ations ic- 
 flVrcd to Spniiii Hill, 54 metres ahove ihe l^vel "| uio sea. Hji , 
 ar a great di-tance fVom our s'arling poi it Sp. U . as ah^ng iho 
 ailantic ami western Ktat<-'S, f'^r locul afmos) hi^vlc i. Hncnces, the 
 vvorkin,i< of the instrnnients was neirhpr 'N]na! nor paialiel, and, 
 consrquent.iy, there wa-^ to be an error in ilie iieiuUi. 
 
 There were two wa}-s for th'^ r-orrf>cti'n of the eiT'ir: I. to stay 
 fioiiie time in some stations, to H oi out the avt-r^gc hiMtiiit ai \h>t 
 haromcfer and niak" thetii new stnrtin;^ poinis. Two rnonths m 
 Kew York; one, in Uetruir an! Chicai;-! ; iwo, in >St. I.onis; one, 
 ill western L nsiana; two, in (Joliimbns '.^a.; one, in Tuscahiosa; 
 and one or t^-o wet k<, in varion- places of A'a., Ga. Tenu. iJur. 
 V rg. and. M I. were not eaongii for the purpose. 
 
 2. To pass, rapidly by rail road, with the instruments, during; 
 a calm weather, at teat twice, from a station to anoiher, and, 
 wii.h due correcti'Mi, conclude their relative height. Tins nsethod 
 was fonnd practictlly far better tiian the iiist. 
 
 The iollowing Talde contains the stations, the height o' whi.oh 
 was better a-ceriained, and they are starting jioints for all the 
 iii'en.iicdiate stations. 
 
 Lati ude an'i L mgitnde are omitted as useless iii a eountiy as 
 weli known as Europe: few points were observed, as Spring Hill 
 Stone Mountain, Ga, and Lookout peak, Tei^n. ^fec. 
 
 The Temperature of water is that of the d.cp wells and cona- 
 uion springs. 
 
•0 o 
 
 t'R:;i.iMi\ \'!V T .I'.i.n:, 
 
 Av(M-;\i.>!> baronu'tiie ami MK^tric height of tliH sta'iin_r point,' 
 for the Stnvcy in Ttie riiiteil States. 18.t7 — ly;'.) 
 
 STATIONS. 
 
 
 HKK 
 
 iHT. 
 
 SB. 
 
 
 B;,ln. 
 
 M(<n 
 
 Spriu- Hill roll. 10 
 
 y. 
 
 7 (;!,■-> 
 
 54 
 
 Mrxicali Gulf, 
 
 
 7o!) -2 
 
 
 
 Gulf, 
 
 
 Uio.S 
 
 
 
 iSriin:i, tiines 
 
 3 
 
 .')S.8 
 
 7(i 
 
 1 'cniDpolis, 
 
 •J. 
 
 :)(i,9 
 
 97 
 
 'l'iisc;ilf)i)sn, 
 
 I 
 
 51 rt 
 
 15ii 
 
 K.imi|\ (-ill. 
 
 o 
 
 4o8 
 
 220 
 
 Kniijstoii, fil. 
 
 ■j 
 
 4 I .« 
 
 .■(id 
 
 Af.iLuila, 
 
 ■i 
 
 '■] 1 ,'2 
 
 380 
 
 Gulf. 
 
 
 7(;(;,4 
 
 
 
 iMontnnnicry. 
 
 4 
 
 ■'7,2 
 
 100 
 
 (>|M-liL;;i, 
 
 4 
 
 4 1 ,5 
 
 272 
 
 Ail.-iiilu, 
 
 1 
 
 y.f) 3 
 
 399 
 
 Kingsii'n, 
 
 1 
 
 40,3 
 
 280 
 
 (/'h;iltiinoogii, 
 
 ] 
 
 ■4I10 
 
 2(i8 
 
 G:i]f, 
 
 
 7«8,r) 
 
 
 
 ( )|i clica, 
 
 4 
 
 49.1 
 
 ■212 
 
 GMJi.nibus, Ga. 
 
 
 
 6-2 ,0 
 
 70 
 
 INIiK'on, (i. 
 
 •' 
 
 riSyi 
 
 110 
 
 Gulf. 
 
 
 7()8,l 
 
 
 
 (Jolunibur:, 1 miiiit 
 
 1, 
 
 57.1 
 
 lis 
 
 Mncori, g-H, 
 
 a 
 
 53. :3 
 
 Ifii) 
 
 Mil<-i!-(.vili<', 
 
 1 
 
 4!). 7 
 
 lf)9 
 
 Millcti. 
 
 'J 
 
 .VJ,3 
 
 171 
 
 Auf^usia, 
 
 ~ 
 
 59,8 
 
 90 
 
 G-lf, 
 
 
 7f;8,n 
 
 
 
 Kimip, 
 
 
 .52,3 
 
 171 
 
 Kingston, 
 
 
 48,1 
 
 218 
 
 (Jhatlaliiiogu, 
 
 
 4!), 3 
 
 205 
 
 Gulf, 
 
 
 768,(1 
 
 
 
 At.laiira, 
 
 
 34, r, 
 
 369 
 
 Kingston, 
 
 
 44,8 
 
 254 
 
 GhaitaiKioja, 
 
 
 4(j,i 
 
 240 
 
 Gulf, 
 
 
 705,5 
 
 
 
 King;s|-oii, 
 
 
 48,1 
 
 190 
 
 Chatl:;innofri(, 
 
 
 49,4 
 
 175 
 
 KiiDwillc ()cpi)f, 
 
 
 4(;,() 
 
 208 
 
 lii-i>(..l, 
 
 
 27,4 
 
 422 
 
 /,_VJI(iihii-j; i!('|iiir, 
 
 
 07, '1 
 
 85 
 
 STATIONS. 
 E 
 
 HEIGHT, ' 
 
 Bnh) VI, .fr ! 
 
 Gnl|-. 
 
 OhaUMiM.uL-a, 8 .Ivs. 
 
 Kiioxvill,-, 
 
 Bristol, 
 
 Lvnchbni-g, 
 
 I'l't.oinn'-, \V,ishiiie:r,. 
 
 Afiiint Oc-eau, 
 
 Gulf, 
 
 KrioxVilic, 
 Bristol, 
 Lvn<-hliurg, ' 
 OciMu. 
 
 G ITT.F. siuilP tinio, 
 Oci-an I'olotiKi,-, 
 Waslnuoton (l,'|.ol, 
 Lyuclibui'g, 3 ilays, 
 
 Drjil \v;in» ri^■. 
 BaitiiiKjre foot of uit. 
 
 Gulf, 
 
 0(-ean A quia creek, 
 
 Ri(4mi'iii(l depot, 
 
 Danvilb". 
 
 (ii-renbo'O. 
 
 (n'ceiil)oro. 
 Chailouo, 
 Columbia, rippot, 
 Ohal'le.ston, (Ippot, 
 Oci'an, Suinpter l'. 
 
 Gulf, 
 Ocean, 
 
 Chailohton,-8 days, 
 Augusta, 
 Atlanta, depot, 
 
 Ocean, 
 
 Augusta, 
 
 Atlanta, 2 
 
 Marou,' 2 
 
 Eufaubi, cat. clinrcli. 
 
 Colurubus, 
 
 760.3 
 
 4 6, .5 
 43.7 
 24.5 
 
 5 4,7 
 69 
 
 769.;; 
 
 768,0 
 44 7 
 2.5,5 
 o5,7' 
 
 7/0,2 
 
 766,0 
 770,6 
 
 5.5,9 
 
 770,6 
 6(i,0 
 
 64,5 
 774,3 
 68,7 
 59,5 
 519 
 
 747.5 
 48,9 
 61.5 
 68.0 
 68, (i 
 
 766,0 
 
 767.(1 
 
 «6,4 
 
 62,5 
 
 33.8 
 
 769,.) 
 65,0 
 
 36. ;< 
 
 56,2 
 60.6 
 59, (i 
 
 ! 
 205 
 2:18 
 453 
 115 
 - 39 
 ■- 40 
 
 
 254 . 
 471 
 133 
 
 
 
 1 60 
 
 
 
 
 60 ; 
 
 159 j 
 243 1 
 
 220 I 
 ■215 I 
 
 
 
 6 
 
 49 
 
 368 
 
 0' 
 49 
 37 7 
 154 
 i 02 
 114 
 
PRKLiMiNATiY Tabf.e continned. 
 
 I'ATiQNS. 
 SE. 
 
 Ciulf, 
 Eufiuila, 
 Macon. 
 Columbus Ga. 
 0|»-lirci, 
 Tvluiitgomevy, 
 Mo'iiilp squiiro, 
 b;i>nng Will Coll. 
 
 I^ouisiAnA, 1859. 
 
 Guif, 
 
 New Orleans, 
 
 N<'w Ibi'iia, 
 
 8t,. .M;irtitisville, 
 
 Gr;Hiil (.'dtrnu GoU 
 
 VV .isingStmi. 
 Clieiieyviilc. 
 Alexandria, 
 Natchitoches. 
 
 HEIGHT ( 
 
 Bart). 
 
 Met., 1 
 
 770,0 
 
 
 
 61,9 
 
 87 
 
 r,6fi 
 
 1.-.2 
 
 61), 
 
 108 
 
 45,-2 
 
 271 
 
 ! (SI.7 
 
 89 
 
 i fi9 4 
 
 6 
 
 7('i>y 
 
 54 
 
 771,1 
 
 
 
 -0,9' 
 
 3 
 
 70,0 
 
 11 
 
 (;s,i 
 
 30 
 
 1 67 ,r^ 
 
 37 
 
 i 67,(» 
 
 42 
 
 (w,(i 
 
 3(5 
 
 fi.=i,l 
 
 53 
 
 '■ fi:^,.5 
 
 70 
 
 i <n,5 
 
 9H 
 
 STATIONS. 
 
 Red R. confluent. 
 Baton Rou-ge. 
 Galt\ ' 
 
 Nkav York 1857. 
 
 Ocean, 2 months 
 New York. 
 ForcUiam coll. 
 Hudson Palismdes. 
 Cohoos upp. tall. 
 Buffalo. 
 
 Sandwich. 17 days 
 Cliica-jo. 
 , St. Louis. 3 month.- 
 
 St, T.oul.-J . 
 Mejvican Gulf. 
 
 HEIGHT 
 Baro Metr 
 
 766,8 
 66.4 
 68,0 
 
 764.': 
 G4,0| 
 63,0 
 43,6 
 59,31 
 47,0] 
 46.1} 
 41,7! 
 47,5! 
 I 
 
 75 1,2 i 
 766,0! 
 
 
 
 8 
 18 
 165 
 54 
 178 
 186 
 228 
 170 
 
 150 
 
 
 Conclusion'. 
 
 From this Preliminary Table, the average Height of some 
 either praeipal or calminant Stations, may be settled; and they 
 can be taken, in the Survey, as Starting Points for the int-erme- 
 diate Stations, through the Country, 
 
 We give here the average height of tho.se Stations which-, in 
 travelling with a Barometer, were at least twice visited. 
 
 Spring Hill colL 
 
 metres 54 
 
 IJemcpolis. 
 
 97 
 
 Tuscaloosa. 
 
 15(-) 
 
 Helm a 
 
 76 
 
 Montgommery, 
 
 100 
 
 Opelika. 
 
 .271 
 
 Columbus, Ga. 
 
 113 
 
 Macou Ga. 
 
 16;:. 
 
 Atlanta. 
 
 asi 
 
 Kingston. 
 
 266 
 
 Chattanooga Tenn. 
 
 208 
 
 Lynchburg. 
 Greenboro Car. 
 CoUimbia, S, Car. 
 
 metr. 
 
 Grand Coteau coll. La. 
 
 .Natchitoches. 
 
 St. Louis, Mo. 
 
 Chicago. 
 
 Sandwich. Upp, Canada. 
 
 Buffalo. 
 
 .Pordham coll. 
 
 155 
 231 
 
 77 
 
 37 
 
 91 
 
 160 
 
 228 
 
 ISo 
 
 178 
 18 
 
24 
 SuiRVEY IN The -United States. 1857-00, 
 
 Alabaka. 
 
 SxATions. miles. 
 
 Height tem. 
 
 Barometr wat. 
 
 Spfing- Hill coll. 6 
 Mobile city, 
 Whistler, 
 Citronelle, 
 
 Entei 
 
 ■pnse. 
 
 
 
 .5 
 
 33 
 
 120 
 
 -Meridian,. 13.5 
 
 Marion, 140 
 
 Sukarnatsliy riv, 163 
 
 Gainesv. Juncti. 164 
 
 Becksville, l7l 
 
 Gainesville Bluft;i86 
 / 
 
 
 
 Ibidem. 
 Bigby riv. 
 
 Collins hills, 5 
 
 Hebron summit, 7 
 Pascal artis. well, 9 
 Clinton, 12 
 
 Union, 18 
 
 Chamber's spring 20 
 Ibid, house, 
 Stephens knob, 24 
 Bealc's house, 33 
 Old river bottom, 34 
 Fostflr ferry, 37 
 
 Black Warrior r. 
 Lake bottom vail. 44 
 Tuskaloosa Foster 45 
 
 Ibidem 20 days, 
 Tuskalonsa bhifF. 1 
 Black AVarrior r. 
 .Xorth Fort, 2 
 
 First Gap, 3 
 
 Commina farm, 6. 
 North River, 
 Scale house, 7 
 
 Yellow riv. 10 
 
 Hard Scrable, 12 
 
 Black War. shoal. 14 
 Yellow r. blurt'. N. 20 
 
 63,9 
 
 6S,4 
 
 67,1 
 
 60,7 
 
 61,1 
 
 .57,5 
 
 11. 
 
 63,6 
 
 63.0 
 
 62,3 
 
 60,2 
 
 66,7 
 70,9 
 65,5 
 65,1 
 67,5 
 66,5 
 61,5 
 67,5 
 63,5 
 58.5 
 63.5 
 66,7 
 65,4 
 67.5 
 63,5 
 62,6 
 
 60 3, 
 59,5 
 65, -2 
 62,3 
 
 59,5 
 
 Observations. 
 
 Nature of tbe Soil; its iertiiity, &' 
 
 Tuskaloosa, 
 River bottom. 
 Monterey hill, 
 Oanteridse, 
 Sandy rrei^k, 
 Havana village, 
 Greenhero, 
 Newljurn. 
 Mnrion, 
 il nion Town.. 
 S K ) yi \, 
 
 21,4 
 
 763 
 G7 
 61 
 63 
 66 
 65 
 64 
 68 
 
 21 ,3|Lat. 30,41 Lon. 88, (i. Fornig- santi, j-nie 
 21 .5 Sandy drift on marsh; pines oaks garden. 
 .. jUndulat. sandy plain: pine bairon. 
 .. Id. more fert. oak pine forest, corn- 
 .. iSandy clay" undid, on rotten mari; cottn- 
 20,0 Clay on rotten eocene limeat. cotton cru 
 Id. fertile; forest scare, cotton corn- 
 Swampy clay; thick foi'- 
 Rich clay on white f;oce*ie limest; cottn- 
 Id. undul. cotton and corn field- 
 Clay and pebbles on eocene Hmcsl; id- 
 
 Pleasant healthy place, bad water. 
 In overflow, 26'ints deep, some shoals. 
 Very ferrug. sand- rolling on mail, juior. 
 Id. on slaty micace. Siujd.'^tone; poor soil. 
 .8|Sandy clay; wider valley, good waf. ciii- 
 ,■5 I Id more sandy on eroded sla(y sand.-t 
 ,5iVery rolling slaty sandst. dry soil, jmjiu- 
 ,0|ldem. dry soil; pines on the sununits. 
 Same slaty carbonif. sandstone; jioor- 
 Culminant point of the hills; pinis- 
 Idem. very steep hills of sandst pines. 
 Rich narrow valley; foi-. cotton- 
 Pebbles and. sandy clay; 
 0; Reaching in overflow, 23 mts sho-ils. 
 
 JFei-tile sandy red clay antl pe-bl)!. r<it.tn. 
 ,8 Silic. pebbles and red clay; fert. cottu- 
 
 Ricb farms, live oaks- 
 
 Febbles with clay on carbon, sandslone- 
 At the foot of the falls on coal bed. 
 Same gravel with clay on sandsi; dr\- 
 Very hilly and dry country; pines caks- 
 Bluff 70 mtrs high on s;in 1st. and coal. 
 Deep gorge eroded to the coal bed; foi- 
 High bluff sandst. and clay; dry; spring. 
 Coal bed eroded; pine and oak for- 
 Plateau betw, deep gorges; wheat cottn- 
 Coal 13 inch, thick into the river- 
 Dry sand pebbles; high pine forest- 
 
 156 Two voyages to Selma- 
 
 112 Sandy swampy; rich cotton field- 
 
 17 4 Di-y ferrug. sandy clay rolling; pines- 
 
 L56 Idem; vp]ff rolling hills near the river- 
 
 125 Sandy valley; cotton corn- 
 
 139 Undul. ferrug. clay; cotton- 
 
 130 Verj hilly red clay with fossilf. estuary- 
 
 92 Uiidtdat. clay on eocene limest. cotton- 
 
 120 Rolling idem; rich cotton field 
 
 I20i Idem; cotton and corn tield, forest scare. 
 
 76! 1.-' ,4 Plain of red clay on oocen lim"st. coitn- 
 
 6 
 23 
 
 89 
 
 86 
 12U 
 120 
 
 58 
 
 64 
 
 70 
 
 96 
 
 "53 
 
 109 
 
 114 
 
 90 
 
 102 
 
 154 
 
 90 
 
 134 
 
 186 
 
 134 
 
 103 
 
 118 
 
 97 
 
 138 
 
 148 
 
 156 
 99 
 129 
 156 
 170 
 110 
 180 
 120 
 230 
 120 
 250 
 
Survey in Tiih Uxited States contiuiuMl. 
 
 ! O^'Kervflt'ons. 
 
 Aift Ga, 
 .STATI0N8" mils 
 
 ILMght 
 
 Mer. 
 
 Merid'an, Miss 757,0 IK! 
 
 Tdiiibighy r.Dcinop. ! <i'2,'i ."'1 
 l),.nu,p(.lis, r>Oi 5S.fi \17 
 
 \\ 
 
 \ III- Sdh. ] 
 
 t-; ftTliliiv vl:.i-. 
 
 . ... j! .'rliihif . )il,iiii 1)1! cnri'!!" mar ; li'\^ li'i'- 
 
 iRrddino tiie sircp wliite I'oi^cn intirl- 
 i\, On marl, \< rvn'Z. ^ilf^ : cori'in - min- 
 
 FMUius.ialc ill- well (i<)| 54,3 1 42 ,2-! .r)!l,!,.m n.'iin;:; rnic>b scai-CL-. .iiv- 
 
 I'nidii Town, 70! 5(i,l 120 lf> ,0i jflctii; v,-, v Irriil,- 
 
 Mni-ion .lurcrion, Sfij 58,0 1()4S ]ia.-ni; Id^ni- 
 
 CMhHwba r. biii-l.e- !'7i ()2.4 Tifi' jSwamjis: hiirli (nrosf-. ui li' nil liv- 
 
 Selrnn, 100 60,4 Pfi 19 ,3i Uicli .-Uiv . u inaiv'; !,a,i j.vrii w.-.fM-- 
 
 63 8 4! Raniinf;- f[iM»u:l! .irift, liriw lii-!: blufu. 
 
 «0,9 7-i\ EocMH- marl hio-hlv iussiilitVrnus; v,,\U>u- 
 
 Alahamn iiv. Selm-i, 
 Chiibdriie bhif}', 
 St. Slephons bllift', 
 
 60 i 
 
 0|76n,4 76 
 
 n.| 64,5 84 
 
 22 1 62,] 106 
 
 53.5 102 
 
 ^r4iiia, 
 Iiiirris\illo, 
 riaiiteivsvill, 
 Hniufolph, 40 
 
 MoiilC'Vallo liliitT, 55 
 Montivallo ci'iM-k, 
 CohI mi dps, 
 Shelby Spiiiig, 67 
 Ciilumbiaiia, 73; 54.7 179 
 
 ^ViL^(,nville, 81 I 5(5.5 1G7 
 
 Consa riv. bridef, 92' 59,5 13(5 
 Tallade-u, " li9| 53,1 19lr 
 
 Iden:; p 
 
 nest oij fcnu". saint. 
 
 CIkv on trr'-v f-oc'Ti" marl cdltDn lipM- 
 
 !-n ly <4ay uitli p(4)l)l<'S nn slaty ^a;..l.-t. 
 
 [fb'm: fni-i'.-t scaiv- ccTMi- 
 
 liiui' calplafi' >-aiMisl ami irm ori'; piiof- 
 7.4 152 17 ,7|C:M4:>>a. ^anrUf. :uul limcsionr; p.H)i-- 
 60,4 1221 Udnii, l.«nl b^ssiliT, 
 
 57.0 160 i!a Sdit siadsl. :; I.v,is2--! I'l . ihirk- 
 
 54.6 180 18..0 Vpi-v Iniiy lliiiivt. and friTu,-. sandst; Cor 
 
 Hi(di ii'in :a\v-; di-y lores;. 
 
 RiiUine: limi'<l(inc ami sajidst.; ('■•r. 
 
 CnlicaMiv b-rter d.iiK 
 
 \\\'. Ic and blue .--ata-arDid niarb'e; uir- 
 
 Mtmlord, 120 
 
 Oxford, ^ 130 
 
 Bliif iVlountais, 135 
 
 10-^ 
 
 51,5 3!4 jMouiM i.';<>iji lirhcst i'l.rt^sl- ■ 
 
 49,5 2:<5 iRnidn^- -and-i lia,.-st; poajMadd b>r, 
 
 47.4 250 l4,7|ldom; idr-ai; or.ikni rmintry- 
 51 J 2!7i ;Eniai>'('d Clayey vnll.'v on nniesi: eotlnn. 
 
 47.5 255' |!'(l)ldean<l sandy drib: (add sterlle- 
 ]0!)i 41,5318 iHilly linK-.~l. and liidlsKo t : weindd^lr- 
 ]K!| 49,1 24!.^ Narrow riidi VaHey, ul' ni; i'.ood watei- 
 I93i 51,9 210' lldem; blue bidraui. iiuiest.; for. 
 'iObi :-,2,3 i>lfi lG,3'Un limes!, I'ieb rbiyey d rii'f cotton corn- 
 
 ; 51. f/ li>:) I Naviuable Tn , tile lainy season. 
 
 22(.i 48.1 2(i9 iGaeiss and iiiiraslate: poor ferost- 
 
 279] 3S,1 380 14,5 (Iraidl roiling sterile- dry fot- 
 
 .l;i<-ksonviiie 
 (.'r. ss riain, 
 (ieoraia Lin 
 Cave S prill a' 
 Relav !iou.sc, 
 lO.m'e. 
 Elov. hfi riv. 
 
 KillOSK)!!, 
 
 Aininta, 
 
 Mobile, Oi 67.4 fi'.--. 
 
 Carpenter l;iiidni.',26j 68,0 31 
 
 Minetta bay, ^ 31 67,0 12' 
 
 CanoH station, U\\ 00,8 16 
 
 rollard, 72! 22 21, 1 
 
 Everjrn.Pn, 104{ 61,0 74; 
 
 Greenville, I4I (0,0 84' 
 
 ajoiigommery, ]b6 f8 4 100 20,4 
 
 Alabama li 
 
 Mount Meiiis, 19 
 
 'i'ailapoosa riv. 2 I 
 
 Chebiiw, 00 
 
 Lochepoka, 2 1 
 
 Auluni, 9 g 
 
 Oi' ii!<.-'.. 2.:o 
 
 61,0 74 
 57,0 HI 
 
 58.5 96 
 56.3 118 
 47,3 21:) 
 46,0 215 
 
 41.6 271 
 
 Sand and peobies; swampy bu- 
 Kerrui;. qnick-anfl; dry jdrie ("or- 
 idi 111 lolliiip; vt"-y [lom- pine barren 
 Idem; dry jdae for swamr's- 
 On eociMi marl, roilind sandy clay; for- 
 Idem; vilb IVin-uu:. conoreti; cotni ce.rn- 
 R(dl fei ru.ff. sandy (day on cretae. sand, 
 lietw. brrng biutis. on eo(!eii marl- 
 IJeduiaiinfi tdayey plain; fert. (adfon- 
 Ideni; for ; coiton. 
 idem; nii)i>- s.mdy- 
 Granite; dry ii^iiing ]dnr for- ster- 
 liiem; idem- 
 Id. m; verv iKcdrby let (loer soil- 
 
:g 
 
 SrRVnY IN" The Vsitkd States contiJiUGd. 
 
 AU. O.i. 
 
 Nranon 
 
 ill EIGHT ;ti: 
 iBoi- Mft. ! 
 
 Cuss.-ta, 2(n 74!'.0 383 
 
 "\v,,,;,, |',,;„t, 27l\ 4l:i i2-{7 
 
 < ni:itt.:3hiii)lrlir('' riv i 4() (i '215 
 
 _L.ii;r;]n;r''. 
 
 •.■8S 
 
 3(i,6 317 
 
 ] li\s:;ni.svilio, 
 
 ml 
 
 40.7 1277 
 
 jNirw i\;in, 
 
 ;itiO 
 
 .13 7 34 s 
 
 T''n!rl;ui-i! , 
 
 :M-J 
 
 3U.7 37!) 
 
 Al!;ir.l:i rlrjidt, 
 
 ;i(-iO 
 
 30.1- 381 
 
 Op^^licn. 
 
 <l 
 
 75-),6 -271 
 
 Niili'iii, 
 
 11 
 
 58 ':? •2-i 
 
 iSin nil's, 
 
 91 
 
 n-i.<\ lus 
 
 Ci'imnbus Cia. 
 
 28 
 
 (;S7 113 
 
 Cnliniibus, 
 
 
 
 7.".!!,0 l]-A 
 
 Gli;itl.;ihii..trli. 1 
 
 '■'■'S'' 
 
 b-2,n 7r 
 
 Licm lfv,4. 
 
 
 ()3,4 (is 
 
 (^inird R. 11 .lo 
 
 V-h 1 
 
 .■)8.4 117 
 
 riuc peb/l)!* s lii 
 
 1, 'i 
 
 .V!.'! 1(34 
 
 ].<'\\i's rriH'k, 
 
 5 
 
 (i3,0 72 
 
 ,Loui:- lli'USi' hil 
 
 1, 9 
 
 5f..2 140 
 
 fir B;n-iv5r:,mi, 
 
 iv) 
 
 •5H,4 138 
 
 I!o.s,.,.;k, 
 
 n 
 
 51.8 188 
 
 (ir;i! r's 'iirm. 
 
 1:5 
 
 54,0 1()4 
 
 Vnrt Miu-iifl, 
 
 ]9 
 
 r,7,5 128 
 
 Coil.rn. 
 
 33 
 
 58,6 118 
 
 I'lliciii ypriiig, 
 
 (ii) 
 
 .'il.ti If) a 
 
 K u i a u 1 ;i , 
 
 90 
 
 ()1,5 98 
 
 Colmii' us 
 
 
 
 767,0 1 13 
 
 UpiUoyc, 
 
 20* 
 
 63,0 153 
 
 Gi'iicva, 
 
 30 
 
 ()2,(i 158 
 
 B.Ktl.T, 
 
 SO 
 
 (52,0 U)4 
 
 Fort VMllry, 
 
 71 
 
 6'l,5 170 
 
 i".:w('|-sviilp, 
 
 80 
 
 6U,9 184 
 
 ;';;hocoiiee. 
 
 8.1 
 
 b-4,6 14.9 
 
 Ivlacon, 
 
 .99 
 
 63,0 1.55 
 
 Eufiiula bliifT. 
 
 
 
 763.5 98 
 
 Jdom Shoi-t.-r h 
 
 IIISO, 
 
 61 5 10.9 
 
 Chatt;;ho!.i,<-li(.e 
 
 riv. 
 
 67,3 Co 
 
 (ivtiigvlnwn, 
 
 ] 
 
 63.6 77 
 
 N. Ill-is, 
 
 ]•} 
 
 63,8 76 
 
 Cuthbi r^, 
 
 24 
 
 60,5 120 
 
 yniithviilt^, 
 
 5!) 
 
 64,0 94 
 
 Aiii'Tirus, 
 
 73 
 
 63,9 95 
 
 Aiidfisiiii, 
 
 87 
 
 63,1 103 
 
 Fiiiir nv. 
 
 .'•() 
 
 65,7 77 
 
 OalcLTPo. 
 
 ft 2 
 
 65 ;0 84 
 
 JNJMrtl ii'svibo, 
 
 Ji.S 
 
 64,3 9 1 
 
 K.m-i\-h11,v, 
 
 115 
 
 57,0 ir.5 
 
 AlHrn,,. 
 
 IJ ■ 
 
 .-,8,0 L>5 
 
 Ob-^krv.xtions. 
 
 XaljUT- ot' tbe st'il, it? frtilirv &r. 
 
 14, 
 
 f"'i:ci,s.s 41tI trnfi'.i'; rlry -.■ni!r i'nr- 
 fd.-m; dry rnlling- b!:ick jnck piiio fav- 
 '8bnais in nivt^imovphic vorks; ib-y ''i-ift- 
 Oii <Tianit<\ fenug^. liiily clay b' ft. tbick- 
 I'b'm; ninif'j,fcrtib'; curn- 
 Iilrni: htviltby, <lrv; b,\v fur. 
 ildrni; Hilly Kranitc; black jac-k fur- 
 '-)'l(lciij; idem, barrcii- 
 
 -- ;Ba!-r('n trt'^niitc.iiiul )jiici,-s corn- 
 I Irlcm; pine dry for 
 
 jOii ^'iiei^is, heavy mass of polibips; stor- 
 OlUIaypv plain on mctamorphic; fert-Vottn 
 
 (On thp fill of thn riv. 18 ) mts Ion:;. 
 
 jOvcrtlow 17 mts head of na-%'ir;;ition- 
 
 jHi'avy mas.-=; of pcbblrs vi^ry ravmod. stcr 
 Idem. proiniMy i 'tacoou.:; sterile- 
 
 lErodinfj- in pebble;* ;ind coar-p .sand; poor 
 
 'Ked clay platea'j; oaks and pine.s; cor:i- 
 , Oldem, \pry rtivined; pcbhle.s. jieaiiucs- 
 
 ilVbbb's hifirhest point. .«ter- 
 Hilly broken clay on g-nei^;s; oorn- 
 
 jBroken narrow sandy v:i]ley; foi- 
 llolHng- sandy cla-y on ma 1; tor. cotton- 
 ,7 Idem undulating; cotton corn- 
 On eocen marl, pebbles and cbiy; cotton- 
 
 lOn hilly gneiss, ferrus;, cluy; di'v for- 
 
 ;Lleni; idem- 
 Idem, undulating;; Poi-n low for- 
 18, 7 C)n pnei.^s, oid:irsed fertile valb^y; cottn- 
 
 jldem rolling'; idern- 
 
 jldem, corn cotton low for- 
 Flat saiulv clny on coais. sand and ijnripg 
 
 On innrl fcri-np-. coarpe sand 10 nilr tldi'k 
 
 Sand and pebbles; 
 
 Flowing- iuto leveled mar'; 
 
 Hills of qnicksaiul; jioor, ]>ines- 
 
 Swampy (piiksand; tor- 
 Hilly clayey sand, on gi;oi:s? pines- 
 jRolling clay; fei-rilo for-,pines- 
 jldem hilly; for.-st, cotton s-jg-sr corn- 
 
 Idon); roliing for- 
 iLnrge swampy forest;! 
 |l'T;a fei-rug-. .sniid}' clay; fertile. r-,i|,ton- 
 
 idi ni hilly: pines corn- 
 
 idi-m; - -. ■ 
 
 iSnndy p'nin on gneiss, dr-y licalliiy- 
 
27 
 Si RVEY ]K The United States. 1 SoT 69. 
 
 Geougia. 
 
 
 Height. ITEM 
 
 Stat!()ti° _ mi 
 
 es. 
 
 BjiroTni'.fr'i 
 
 VMt 
 
 1<),2 
 
 Mar on, 
 
 
 
 760,8 15^. 
 
 Houtiril, 
 
 8 
 
 58,1 1831 
 
 Criiwfdidg, 
 
 15 
 
 ry2,.5 24.-) 
 
 
 ¥<<V!i\th, 
 
 2ii 
 
 51 ,-2 258 
 
 
 Collfei's. 
 
 32 
 
 49,8 273 
 
 
 Barnesville^ 
 
 42 
 
 47 1 301 
 
 
 Griifj... 
 
 60 
 
 44.2 334! 
 
 FnyrUp, 
 
 67 
 
 4r».9 3lii! 
 
 I.'ivejoy, 
 
 14 
 
 43 7 :i50i 
 
 Ji>nesl:)i)ro, 
 
 81 
 
 43,5 35-2 j 
 
 Rough & Heady 
 
 , 92 
 
 42.,') 364, 
 
 Atiitnta, 
 
 k;:? 
 
 41,1 3go' 
 
 i 
 
 Mrtcon, 
 
 
 
 ?6-2.4 lf.5' 
 
 (JcrHiilgfp riv. 
 
 
 «6.1 ll7i 
 
 Orisworlfl, 
 
 9 
 
 56 U :i2:i i 
 
 Gordonsvillc. 
 
 50 
 
 611,0 180 
 
 Miliorlgrville d - 
 
 P 37 
 
 5S,6 195 1 
 
 IVIc Intyre, 
 
 .SI) 
 
 61,0 170 
 
 
 Droriee riv. bnd 
 
 2.6(5 
 
 65,0 lt>« 
 
 
 DHvi.tboto, 
 
 90 
 
 57.0 211 
 
 
 Cutliinifvillc, 
 
 129 
 
 6.5,0 I2(> 
 
 
 Millon,' 
 
 ]r!3 
 
 62,9 150 
 
 
 S;i%iiMniih, 
 
 -2l'l 
 
 72.5 50 
 
 
 t«a vail null liv. 
 
 
 75,8 16 
 
 Mi\hp, 
 
 
 
 762, ft 150J 
 
 Lawton, 
 
 1 1 
 
 81,4 163 
 
 Augiwtii, 
 
 5:j 
 
 §8,7 8(>| 
 
 Augui^ta, 
 
 
 
 762,5 76'21,< 
 
 Bflair, 
 
 11 
 
 r.7,0 125 
 
 
 hei-z-'lia, 
 
 2i 
 
 50,8 203 
 
 
 Doari!)<r, 
 
 29 
 
 49.3 216 
 
 
 I'hompaon, 
 
 38 
 
 48 9 220 
 
 
 Camak, 
 
 47 
 
 46,5 244 
 
 
 Bsmett, 
 
 57 
 
 44,7 252 
 
 
 C'roNvfordvillf, 
 
 65 
 
 45,3 248 
 
 
 IJiiiiin Pt4 
 
 76 
 
 43,4 262 
 
 
 Gl'eenboro, 
 
 84 
 
 44,3 254 
 
 
 Ocoiiee riv. 
 
 89 
 
 48. 1 228 
 
 
 Madison, 
 
 104 
 
 41,3 293 
 
 
 Siicial Circle, 
 
 120 
 
 35,8 3.52 
 
 
 Covington, 
 
 130 
 
 40,1 305 
 
 
 Lithonia, 
 
 147 
 
 35.6 354 
 
 
 Stone ni'tain vil 
 
 . 156 
 
 33 4 389 
 
 
 Stone mount. 
 
 158 
 
 17.3 575 
 
 GJ 
 
 Idem East foot, 
 
 
 42,0 286 
 
 
 Decatur, 
 
 168 
 
 32,4 389 
 
 
 Atlanta, 
 
 174 
 
 33,2 381 
 
 
 Ofl.SEKVATlON«. 
 
 Nature of l.he Soil; its fertility- &<!• 
 
 '! 'I'Wo v(vyM,i;e-; 
 
 .Hravy mass o( s.ind at-d pebl>le.x; fterile- 
 iMicHce red cfey on roll, micaslate; poor" 
 Udoiii lo.isdry; ht^nllbv, pn.iroak for. crn 
 I Idem nndnUld; h'sh rid^e on iht right- 
 ildem; |>iior ,>ak for, corn- 
 ! Idem rolliiio; ,\f\ , pi.oi- 
 jldrm. on trmnii,- vcrv j'oor; healthy- 
 'id hilly; st.-rib- 
 ilde™ roliinfj f-h v. 
 (>ry barren graniteJ STorvinir ftaUf- 
 Idem - 
 
 j Runninfi: in ;rn''i.-i.«, briw rtaiiil lilnffs- 
 iVVbitf jxu'reliiin rla\; oak |.o<.r fore.st- 
 jlderri ravined; dry foi-'-st. corn. 
 iTliick led dry clay deeply i;:vin.-d; 
 iCIayey dry phiiii; oaks arid pines- 
 'Oii g;nein«/ thro' deep mt'cao. clayi poor- 
 iUndiilat. sandy clayey plain! dry for- 
 'idem; iilem-" 
 
 ; (.'iidolal. .<iindy plaini dry f or- 
 BlidVof feri!lp.«»nd, b.-l w, swamp?; cottrr 
 J^\-.anipfl m\ the Sortlieii .siiore- 
 
 jUnduh. clayey .-iand 
 IKicti undulat. plain 
 
 daiii' more fcrt- 
 :oltoii, corii- 
 
 , OJFoor of the j^inns.s and riv(>r's falls 
 
 I Red sandy fanned clay, >m pniiss; dry. 
 
 jKaolin white clay on rolling gneis.'^; tor- 
 
 1 Hilly idem; drv jiine for- 
 
 jClav on silicious rock; poor- 
 
 iGranwake inclined 75o SE. idem. 
 
 I Rolling idem; dry poor- 
 
 jidern; ide?n, corn- 
 
 jldem. 
 
 (Idem; poor for. 
 
 'Cl«\ey ravined drift; fertile, corn. 
 
 I'ndulbt. dry [loor granit*. 
 
 Hilly broken granit*-; idein, cold. 
 
 Flat gninite; new clay less sr« r. 
 hinrren hilly granite; poor oak clusters- 
 JGraiiite; poor oak forest. 
 , SINaked do?fie-like toarmalin. grariite. 
 jSteep barren rock, in a creek, wildenie* 
 I Granite rolling; v- fy poor soil- 
 ildem. two series of ob«et iintioi,»< 
 
28 
 
 Si:i:\Ev IK TiiK United Statei continued. 
 
 S. Cah. 
 
 STATIONS mils. 
 
 Augusta, 
 
 ■FfiVaniiHli rivL-r, 
 
 ■Hamhiiro;, 
 
 ■VlHrsh's, 
 
 (.■irHnitviUe, 
 
 Aikin, 
 
 \1 i.<l:.or. 
 WillisK.wn. 
 Black ville, 
 CTKiham, 
 Klidway EHiston, 
 Braiichville, 
 
 }i!,<'»o, 
 SMmrrnrviUe, 
 
 A^h'fy sw«mp, 
 <;hnrl>'sion depor. 13 
 1 t. {>umptef. ocetui. 
 
 G*. Tenn. 
 
 
 
 3 
 
 8 
 
 11 
 
 117 
 oo 
 
 30 
 38 
 47 
 56 
 65 
 7ri 
 82 
 lO't 
 115 
 
 1-24 
 
 Hriight. 
 
 i^ar. Met. 
 
 Ailifitu. 
 
 733,7 
 
 381 
 
 
 <"hHltahut<-hpe riv. 5 
 
 41,3 
 
 298 
 
 
 Windings, 
 
 8 
 
 36 7 
 
 348 
 
 
 MariettH, 
 
 2 
 
 33,3 
 
 ;J86 
 
 
 Ashwi.rth, 
 
 85 
 
 39,3 
 
 320 
 
 
 Ktctwliii creek, 
 
 41 
 
 44,5 
 
 262 
 
 
 Cartersvi le, 
 
 47 
 
 44,3 
 
 264 
 
 
 <'assvill<", 
 
 52 
 
 43,3 
 
 275 
 
 
 Kingston, 
 
 59 
 
 44,1 
 
 £66 
 
 14 
 
 Ada'rsville, 
 
 09 
 
 43,9 
 
 268 
 
 
 (Calhoun, 
 
 78 
 
 46,5 
 
 242 
 
 
 Resaca, Echota iivg4 
 
 45,5 
 
 253 
 
 
 Tikoi), 
 
 91 
 
 44,4 
 
 263 
 
 
 Ualtori, 
 
 100 
 
 43,1 
 
 277 
 
 
 Tunnel Hill. 
 
 107 
 
 39,9 
 
 314 
 
 
 Kiiigi)ld, 
 
 115 
 
 41,5 
 
 296 
 
 
 Gravsville, 
 
 122 
 
 42,7 
 
 '.i88 
 
 
 Chicamauga, 
 
 128 
 
 44,5 262 
 
 
 (./hattanooga dp. 
 
 137 
 
 45,3 256 
 
 
 )d calhol. chnrc 
 
 ti. 
 
 43,5 
 
 274 
 
 17 
 
 Tenessee riv. low 
 
 J 
 
 47.5 
 
 233 
 
 17 
 
 Omneron hill. 
 
 
 34.8 
 
 351 
 
 
 Market street, 
 
 
 
 748,4 
 
 256 
 
 
 Half way hotel, 
 
 2 
 
 45,5 
 
 286] 
 
 
 l»rink. tub, sprin 
 
 ?n 
 
 25,9 
 
 507 
 
 16, 
 
 Cave spring, 
 
 
 19,5 580 
 
 
 College waterfal 
 
 , 
 
 20.9 
 
 565 
 
 
 Lookout hotel, 
 
 4 
 
 13,5 648 
 
 
 Lookout Rock, 
 
 
 9.5 
 
 702 
 
 
 Lookout summit 
 
 
 9,2 
 
 70=^ 
 
 
 Observations, 
 
 Narnm of the soil, it^ fertilitv &c.. 
 
 Rolling clHvey'plaiTi; fertile. 
 Falls; iipnd of navi^atii.:.!. 
 Hills !)f pahbles and sand; poor- 
 Bi,c^ Horse'creek swamp-'.; fon'st. 
 White quicksand very i-avinerd; barren. 
 Hilly white and red qksa/idi pinebarreRo 
 idem rolling sterile. 
 On eocet! marl, grey qks.inJ; low for- 
 On idem f(>rrug. sand; hilly, bettor for. 
 Hilly'whitish sand; pino barren- 
 Idem: idem- 
 Idem variagflte more fert. coJ.tori corn = 
 Idem hilly; pines, gra.sis- 
 Idetn with large swamoy fors'Sts; 
 Id. betw. large swps; pines; turtles- 
 SiUid dunes fixed with pines; healthy. 
 Uiidulat. sand on marl; pines gra.«.'^ 
 Phosphate of lime in a large awanipy fur. 
 Sandy deposit island-like betw river*. 
 Foot of Ft. Sampler. Oct 1868. 
 
 Sept. Oct. 1863. 
 
 Granite; sti'ri'e.. 
 
 Gneiss and slate;^bri)ken for. pe.or- 
 On hilly slate, sandy red clay; cora- 
 Idem veiy rolling; idem- 
 i^neiss; idem; dry tor- 
 Idem; broken lcind;"p')or"for corn- 
 Montain. micaslate with high peaks; for. 
 Idem; dry forest. 
 
 Gneiss and micaslate hilly; poorfor- 
 Idem; blue limestone; rolling for. pines 
 Idem^very hilly; idom- 
 Idem monlaii/ous. ])loasant for. corn- 
 Idem, flat plain; Cumberl. ridge on left. 
 'Tneiss hilly; dry. 
 
 i'^errug. slate, hard sfindst, liniest. mt. for. 
 Mem hilly; broken land; fein forest, 
 [d. carbonif. sandst. on Chicamauga riv. 
 Grauwake and limesr. hills; high forest. 
 Hard sandst andjlimest. cl.ay drift; fert. 
 , 4 Pebble arid clay hill; limesr. & sandst. 
 i8 [n overflow 21 mts deep, shoals in rocks, 
 ioudd clay hid on the river; grass. 
 .\scension of Lookout mi. Sept. 24. 68. 
 Foot of mt. huge masses of fallen, sandst. 
 7So"thoriz()nt shtty sandstone; fore.' 
 B i^e of the falling hard sandstone table; 
 Oieek eroding the sandst. table; oaks- 
 Soft sandst. on the hard table 15 m. thick- 
 fdem steep; View of five states; dry for- 
 Flat sa:»d[j>i. platau, one mle dia.n. ovlL- 
 
29 
 
 k.-iivsY IN The United States continue']. 
 
 Term. Va. 
 Stations, rrii 
 
 Chiirtanooga, •' 
 Tiners, ^ 
 
 Onawah, ^^ 
 
 .McDonald's. ^i 
 
 "Clev.-land, 311 
 
 Ohaileston, Hiwa 4.2 
 Athens, ■'>'' 
 
 Ktr-ftffan'g, ^7 
 
 IMiiladelphin, 7i 
 
 hoiidou, Fr'ch br' S 
 LeuoJr's, 9' 
 
 iConcords, 99 
 
 Kiioxville, depot 112 
 Jbid. caihol. church, 
 Holston river, 
 
 Knoxville d«"p 
 Mc Milieus. lU 
 
 i^trawberv, bridge IG 
 
 iSew Market, 
 
 1-ulhott's, 
 
 Moristown, 
 
 Russelville, 
 
 Roirersville, 
 
 Middleway, 
 
 Greenville, 
 
 K'ullens, 
 
 Telfords, 
 
 Joneaboro, 
 
 iJarier, 
 
 Union, 
 
 Uridtol, 
 
 2f, 
 
 34 
 
 4-2 
 
 48 
 
 56 
 
 ■64 
 
 74 
 
 83 
 
 93 
 
 98 
 
 110 
 
 119 
 
 130 
 
 Height 
 
 TEU 
 
 Bar M ft. 
 
 
 747,5 256 
 
 
 45,5 277 
 
 
 id. id 
 
 
 43,1 302 
 
 
 42,7 307 
 
 
 4.-.,9 272 
 
 
 41,5 319 
 
 
 id. id. 
 
 
 46,6 266 
 
 
 46,9 262 
 
 
 46,3 209 
 
 
 45,5 277 
 
 
 44,2 291 
 
 16^ 
 
 43,1 313 
 
 
 49,0 24 i 
 
 17,4 
 
 ObSERVATIOK'3, 
 Nature of the soil. 
 
 tB fertiiitv &c. 
 
 Abdingstoa, 
 
 751,1 
 50,3 
 49,1 
 43,5 
 40.9 
 36,7 
 37,5 
 40,3 
 36.3 
 29.5 
 32,7 
 29.,=) 
 S5& 
 31,5 
 id. 
 25,5 
 
 291 
 
 30u 
 312 
 
 379 
 
 4; 18 
 
 452 
 
 410 
 
 411 
 
 456 
 
 531 
 
 496 
 
 031 
 
 5G9 
 
 503 
 
 id- 
 
 577 
 
 1 51722,0 
 
 Cilades Spii:)g!», 28 
 Marion, 44 
 
 Mount Airy static. 58 
 
 Whytheville, 7 
 
 Martins, 92 
 
 Dublin, W 
 
 Central depot, 107 
 
 ('hristiatiburg, 118 
 
 Big Springs, 131 
 
 Salem, 144 
 
 Big Lick, 150 
 
 lionsaks, 35 7 
 
 Libeny, 179 
 
 «o.a s 183! 51.6 
 
 Lynchburg dep 204 57,6 
 ISorwell hotel, 2 days' ' 51,5 
 
 V-QiiXi House, " J 5U,1 
 
 21 
 i5 
 704 
 11 
 18 
 13 
 1 
 
 14, 
 34, 
 40, 
 43, 
 36, 
 46, 
 
 8,y 
 
 614 
 620 
 6^^2 
 
 660 
 714 
 664 
 703 
 476 
 4ni 
 356 
 420 
 314 
 
 179 
 230) 
 245 
 
 Voyafffi to Washinffton. Sept. 68. 
 tirlee of car!)- stmdsc ;t.)d !im«-fii;. for. 
 (lilly soft, slati^; good forest- 
 V^ry hilly grauvvake e.bJ slato; for- wh*at. 
 Id. with ."lafr HM.'l iin3"Rt,. rii^h valley. 
 Ids'm; n,nd pol)bl'-,s; rol!i''g: ibrtiU- 
 Rolling pi!if5ion9 rock and !imB.-t. iJera- 
 Idom; rich Vii,'l<!y; i-oni- 
 Idem. enlarged vaily; ridT,-> irn th? r;.gbi. 
 Cl.iy on ,?iiio. rock; heavy drift, for 
 Hilly brokf?n grauwake; dry for- v.'heat. 
 Idem; vertical strata; I'edfcrtilP! clay- 
 Hilly ijealthy en'ara;ed vally; fein forfucs. 
 Pleasant hill; red ciav on grauwiike. 
 Deep narrow gorge; head of navigation- 
 
 Rolling strait grituw. and lim, le-ss fBrt. 
 Idem; uith ppiibi> drift; idfni- 
 Idem; undular,. c<i!d poor forest- wheat. 
 Idem; lidgfe on the ipft; idem- 
 Idem cold wet poor; low foresu 
 Idem rolling; poor- 
 ttrauwake and slate; poor cold soil- 
 Ideni^hilly; idem- 
 Stralf. slate; scarce clay; cold poor. 
 Id«m mivllin^; idem- 
 Idem; id- low oak for- 
 Ideni; cold- Blue Ridg-e on the right., 
 idem montain.^ broken; poor- 
 Idem and silici rock, broken for^' 
 Idem rolling; cold poor- 
 
 R<jllin2 fjruuwako and slate; poor- 
 Idem; ^micasiaTe? cold low oak fur- 
 Idem- very rolling- 
 Culminant poiet; ridge.o d'irerted NE.« 
 montain. through Blue Sidffe; r>oor» 
 Idem; on New river, broken liiati* 
 Idem; cold poor for- 
 Idem; 
 
 Idem; broken country- 
 Idem; s'dphur spsza- 
 On Staunton r. idem pof>r- 
 Ornssing the Bine Ridge; dry fnreot- 
 Micuslate spur of ISlue Ridge; idem- 
 Narrow valley in tnicaslate; fertilu- 
 Enlarged vahey. idem; fert- 
 \Iica^l«te narrow gorge; 
 
 ISteep rock covered with dri t 
 
 jTojj of the hill; lolli.Mg micac, clay; feini:- 
 
H(i 
 
 SuftTEY m United States continued. 
 
 Va. Md. Height. , 
 
 Stations, miled. Baro, MetJ 
 
 Lynchburg. 0l755.9l79' 
 James riv. bridg 57,1 1^1' 
 McYvors, 8 49.7 252: 
 
 Amherst, 14 5I,&233 
 
 New Glasgow. i>0 49 9;250 
 Lovingston, SOi 51,5 
 Rockfish, 381 55,9 
 
 CovesviUe, 45 48,3 
 North Garden. 50| 51,9 
 ChsrlotteTille, 6U 56,1 
 Cobh»m. 75 59 9 
 
 Oordonsville, 82 57,9 
 Orange, 91 55,1 
 
 Rapidan, 97 61,9 
 
 Colpeper. 109 59.1 
 Bapahannoc. 120 61,5 
 Warrenton J. 131 Jd 
 Manassas, 144 61,9 
 Bull Run. 151 61,1 
 Fairfax, 154 59,9 
 
 Springfield, 1C3J 62,0 
 Alexandria, 171 (H8.7 
 Potomac br. 178 71,1 
 Washington, 70,3 
 
 Gaorgeto. col. 180 65,1 
 
 Waehingt. dep. o|770.8 
 t)7,4 
 €6,7 
 71,3 
 
 «5e?np'&, 24 
 
 Jonction, 31 
 
 Balthnore d. 40 
 Monuiiidiit foot. 7t)4,7 
 
 2331 
 179' 
 267 
 228 
 177 
 136 
 147 
 189 
 !15 
 144 
 120 
 
 id.l 
 115 
 123 
 135; 
 115 
 
 48 
 5 
 
 18 
 
 64 
 
 1& 
 50 
 57 
 13 
 64 
 
 Capitolc W'oB. 
 Potomac riv. 
 Aquia cre^k, 50 
 Frederikab'rg 70 
 Guineas, 81 
 
 Mil ford. 92 
 
 Chesterfield, 105 
 Jonction, 107 
 Ashland, 117 
 Hungary, 122 
 ff.rltrHcjnt d. 1-30 
 
 770, 
 74,3 
 74,4 
 
 70,9 
 
 68.3 
 69,5 
 
 67,5 
 (57.1 
 65.91 
 65.51 
 68 7 
 
 Observations. 
 
 Nature of the soil, its fertility Sic, 
 
 Micaslate deep gorge; poor. 
 Pebble drift on raicaslate; idf m. 
 Hilly micaslate; tobacco, femall corn« 
 Idem rolling poor. 
 Id. Blue Ridge near on 4he left. 
 Id. loot of Bl, Ridjj©; tobacco- 
 Montain. betw. two lidges; forest- 
 Id. foot of a ridge; bruhen land. tob«« 
 New ridge runoing E. Idem. 
 Enlarged plain betw, ridjjes; fertile. 
 On micaslate. undul. saady clay; tob». 
 Id. foot of a micaslate ridgs on N. id. 
 Narrows dividing a ridge; gtdng to E. 
 Valley betw, two ridg'S; fert. tabaoco. 
 Pleasant hilly Talley; Jert. for. 
 Undul. plain of f-imdy clHy; lert. 
 Idem; micac sand; fertiln. 
 Idem; forest destroyed by war, feit,- 
 Foot of a rid^e crossing thi way. 
 Soft vertical slate; broken forest. 
 Rolling plain on slate; fcrt. 
 Idem; slaty hill on the N. fert. 
 Betw. hills covered with coars diift. 
 Hilly drift on hard siliceous rock. 
 Idem, on hilly hard silic. rock. 
 
 (Joarse drift and sand; low forest. 
 Hard silic, trapp; hilly; fert. 
 Coarse drift on idem, hilly. 
 Hill dominating the city. 
 
 39 Hill dominating the city. 
 
 Starting point. 
 
 Low swampy fore.'^t. 
 36 Ferrug. sandy clay ou billy alate; fert 
 64 Idem rolling; fer:. forest, springs. 
 52 Idem on soft rolltiig slaic; et, 
 73 Micac. clay on idliy niic*s!R;p; dry for. 
 77 Idgtu hilly ; dry h.>r, 
 90 Idem; on Pijjitunky * : nie 
 94 Undul. sandy cl*y on lui a- Jiu;, poor, 
 O'i Heavy drift on hilly micasl^ie* 
 
11 
 
 Si'RNEv i!s United States 
 
 conhniiCMi 
 
 Va. Car. 
 
 Suilion?: mill 
 
 Rich' fl, ca'c.ch 
 ihiuLMU . rlepot, (; 
 ('oalHeiil, 13 
 
 Tomaiiank, 1^ 
 j'owatai), 2o 
 
 MaUoax, 27 
 
 Amelia, ijii 
 
 Jt'ters-viile, 
 Bmke^ville, 
 
 Keyi^ville, 
 
 HkIOHT. i ()B ERVATIONS. 
 
 I.>;i)(i- iMel ; Niitin-.' <-.f the s(j1I; its f.TtHilv, \' 
 
 44 
 54 
 
 74 
 
 i)rnkesbrHneh, ^\ 
 Koaiioko, 
 Scottsiuirg, 
 Boston, 
 Kewsleny, 
 Barksdale, 
 Iv.int;ol(l, 
 .L>anvil]e, 
 I'elhani, 
 8 am mi r, of r. ir>(S 
 Reidsville, lii^"* 
 Benaja, 174 
 
 Morenead, 1^1 
 Summit of rid J 83 
 (jrieensboro, 189 
 
 IK) 
 10 
 
 J un 
 
 1:^7 
 
 J 3;') 
 14, 
 1 50 
 
 Greensboro 
 Jamestown, 
 Summit of rid 
 Tliomasville, 
 Lexington, 
 HoUsburg, 
 Yadkin riv. 
 Stvlisbury, 
 China Grove, 
 Concords, 
 Harrisbnrg, 
 Charlotte, 
 Rock Hills, 
 Chester, 
 Doko, 
 Columbia, 
 
 , 
 
 l(i 
 
 . 15 
 
 2i 
 
 3c 
 
 42 
 
 45 
 
 50 
 
 59 
 
 72 
 
 8U 
 
 93 
 
 119 
 
 13h 
 
 183 
 
 199 
 
 7()7.r) 
 
 r8.7 
 (55 9 
 *i7.5 
 
 e.6,1 
 
 «i9,l 
 
 64,5' 
 03.5 
 01.(1 
 57,7 
 5(19 
 62.7 
 03,1 
 5«.3 
 62 7 
 
 id. 
 6!,o 
 55.3 
 59,5 
 49,5 
 
 17,0 
 47,9 
 50.5 
 46,7 
 45 5 
 48,0 
 
 50,1 
 
 48,8 
 
 43 
 
 45,9 
 
 47,5 
 
 5 ! ,5 
 
 52 5 
 
 48,7 
 
 45,9 
 
 5-2,9 
 
 5- 
 
 49,0 
 
 51,5 
 
 55,7 
 
 56,0 
 
 02.1 
 
 62' 
 
 v:0 I 
 
 58 
 
 1(14 
 118 
 144 
 
 178 
 187 
 
 12^' 
 
 I-21 
 
 17<^' 
 12i 
 
 id. 
 139 
 207 
 
 60 
 268 
 289 
 286 
 260 
 299 
 31 ti 
 285 
 
 285 
 
 298 
 
 35 
 
 32S 
 
 31 
 
 270 
 
 259 
 
 291 
 
 328 
 
 254 
 
 261 
 
 295 
 
 269 
 
 225 
 
 22(J 
 
 150 
 
 Drift on hilly niicHt-late; healr.i'j'y. 
 VViib:! river rnnniiig thro' rock*. 
 Hillv carbon, satid.st; nonil beil ; pines, 
 llolling mica-ljitc; diy forest, 
 id. uiidulat. ^lo I fernigin, clay; id. 
 Rich driit ahmt^ the Appantatoc riv, 
 blilly hlf^ken inicaslate; poor. 
 Rolling id; fertile, tiibaeco coi-n. 
 Trapp alid led soft slate; pines. 
 Idem hillv rough ; piiies. 
 Milly ^laie; yood clay; for 
 '^late Willi (j'lanz. veins, dry. 
 Idem hilly; lert. tobacco, forest. 
 Idem Soli; dry nndulaiing foiest- 
 Narrow n«h river bottom 
 Hilly hard quartz slate; fert. 
 Rolling idem; id. for. pines, 
 Fenug. brittle slate;, hilly dry forOh. 
 Idem hilly; pebble rlrilt, fertile, 
 fliily hard .slate with quartz veins, 
 idem; poor broken pine barren. 
 Id. ninlulat. plateau; poor pine for. 
 Id. rolling with swamps; idem. 
 Brittle slate witli quartz, veins; dry, 
 (d. ndling cold ster. pines. 
 (3n i(.l. roiling yeilrjw iert. 
 
 Hilly hartl quartz, ruck. bruk. lor. 
 
 Iilem rolling; poor. 
 
 Id. undnlat. fertile plateau. 
 
 Idem hilly; pine broken f(jrest. 
 
 Flat fertile plain, on idem. 
 
 Hard ferrug. cpiariz. rock; poor. 
 
 Idem rolling; lert. farm. 
 
 On idem, rich clayey plain; cotton„ 
 
 Hdly black hard trapp; 'ert. clay. 
 
 Ideni broken; good cotton land. 
 
 Qnartzeous rock; fert. cotton clay. 
 
 Millstone quartz; idem. 
 
 Sandy clay on eocene marl; cotton » 
 
 Idem; idem. 
 
 On idem, undulat. sandy clay; fert. 
 
■V) 
 
 St ixVKY IN I'.M'jEi) Statjs (*()i;iiiiiie(l 
 
 S. C«r. 
 
 f>t:ilii>i)s. miles. 
 
 Coliiiiibia, 
 •.Til nction, 
 H..,,ki„s, ] 
 
 Kingv lie, 
 Fort Motte, 
 .laiiiisdii, 
 ( lianijfehnrg, 
 JSralirhvilK', 
 
 HlCKiHT. 
 
 U,U,., Mrl. 
 
 Observatioks. 
 
 .N iruri' iifihi- soil, its fertilirv \-c 
 
 '^0 
 
 44 
 
 <'li;vile,si()ii d. ];;u 
 
 ) 7()(KU 120 Sandy clay umiulat, fertile. 
 
 ; 0,0 S4 Swamps, on eocene marU pines. 
 
 * 4 3 To Sandy plain; cotton, pine barren. 
 
 H,r> 45 Idem hetw. wide swamps; lert. 
 
 5.4 oi Hills of sandv clay ; id<MU 
 
 1.5 i)4 Id. on compact variagate clay, idem, 
 0,7 10 2] Id. roiling plaisant; cotton, pines- 
 'i,0 42:Sandy clay on rubiniate clay; pines- 
 9,0 G'Sandy hill betw. marshes. 
 
 Louisi ,NA. 
 
 !M-xican (.iulf. 
 New Orleans, (t 
 ^lississ. riv. low 
 Jja FiHirche, 52 
 r.'>rwick l)ay, ><0 
 Fianlvlin, 10."> 
 
 jS'ew Ibt^ria, 140 
 St INlartin vi,15(i 
 
 < 'ore ,uelee, loH 
 Lafayette, 170 
 
 < i-rM Ootean. 186 
 Opebmsas, 19S 
 AVii.-hiiigto) , 2(12 
 ( '"Ill-tableau uay . 
 IMalteville, 1".^ 
 ]Mamont prair. 15 
 
 < irand ('hicot, 2'i 
 ]Iom«sville, 45; 
 
 52| 
 58! 
 
 i 
 
 heney ville, 
 
 Le (Jomtv, 
 Alexandria, 72{ 
 li-d riv. low, '. 
 I'me hills, 92 
 
 < 'loutiervdle, 1 17^ 
 Xatchitochps.l 4 1 I 
 <rr'd Ecore. 145! 
 lied river, | 
 
 Camti, 151' 
 
 (Jlaire lake, 157 
 Black lake, 159 
 Trichel hill, 1 (if) 
 Salines, i(;4 
 
 18:.9. wat. 
 
 T(i(i.2 0,21,1 Starting point. 10 yrs ohserv. 
 
 5.4 4 ^'Inyfy drift, swamps; very ten. 
 
 8.5 3: Dechaig per sec. 33,150 o. mtrs. 
 ,4 4j fjowsw'py for. canes, sugar. 
 
 id. id. 111. slu 11 bank, marsh for. 
 
 ,0 8| Rich clay b(jttom laud; sugar. 
 
 1.2 iHJ Idem; idem. 
 
 2 25 21,4 Swampy rich prairies; cottn sug 
 
 5.8 29| Ferr. clay plain; prairie- 
 
 5.4 oil Idem; .sngar cotton rich tif^ld. 
 7i)4 4 37 j IS, 9 Rich high prair. betw, bayous. 
 
 3,0 51i Idem; rich cotton a suga, Held. 
 
 3 49I Id. hill betw. bayous; for. 
 
 (') 7 15 l^.ranch of Achafalaya. 
 
 1,7 H7 Enlarged clayey plat, pasturages. 
 
 4.7 35 Ivovv swampy forest. 
 
 2.9 54 Sandy diy forest. 
 
 0.5 20 Rich river bottom; sugar. 
 
 4,0 43 1(3,7 Idem; ideiti- 
 
 id. id. I Id. damp lor. 
 
 .8 35jl6,6ldem; on soft sandstone; fert cot 
 
 Hf) 4 19 
 
 3 55 
 
 5 84 
 
 4,0 45 
 
 1,2 74 
 
 5 2 30 
 
 3,7 49 
 
 4.5 40 
 
 3.6 50 
 759,8 90 
 
 45 
 
 Fo' t of fall; overflow IS mts- 
 Ferr. sandy plat. Ala. pine barren 
 Rich river bottom; cott. sugar. 
 
 20 5 Id. foot of pine hill 58 mts high. 
 Sandy bluff; 2 coal beds; dry- 
 Changing bed 1852. 
 
 18,9 Riv. bottom; buried trees; fert. 
 Old riv. bed; megather. geods, 
 jSalt & slilfur. spgs; sterile- 
 
 18,3 Sand clay ferr. concret, pines. 
 Lake bottom, betw. sandy bills 
 
SunvEY IN The Unitl;!) Statics. l.s^lT 00. 
 
 N. Y. CmiAila. 
 
 STAlliins milps. 
 
 ,-p,.t, 
 kIv, 
 
 Oi-c:in. -i Tiiondi 
 Nf'W Yciik, 
 Msiiihiitlun, 
 Kur.limm cnll. 
 
 S^llUVU"!! (|llVVP[. 
 l*;.MsHrio,; HimIs.mi 
 
 AlbHnv .1 
 Trny, " C, 
 
 Schi'iie r. 
 
 Svriiciiso, 
 
 C'ly-.L'. 
 
 HiicSiostof, 
 
 Uuffilo, 
 
 Ni:ij,'-arn vi 
 
 !Siis|)onsiiit) 
 
 CliltoM IhiIhI, 
 
 lIpIHT filll, 
 
 KiiiTiitig^ spring. 
 
 ;i2'c, 
 l.ii.l'. 
 
 
 
 31 
 22 
 
 hi'> 
 147 
 !-)() 
 
 i(U 
 
 3lK 
 3;:9 
 
 •>7-3| 
 44 3 i 
 4()ii 
 
 4(1.-)! 
 
 4()7' 
 
 4(il) ' 
 
 Hi 
 
 OHri) HUT WMt 
 
 r()4.7 
 
 4,0 
 l.r> 
 3 
 t5.'> 
 
 f;4 
 
 (iO 
 
 58.1 
 
 
 12 
 44 
 
 20: 
 
 2 
 
 16:, 
 
 IB 
 
 45 
 
 47 
 
 ()llSEUVAT[OXS. 
 Xsitiirc ofthi- Soil; irs iVrrilitv, it. 
 
 I8r 
 
 16, 
 
 L6.0 
 
 lllj 
 13H 
 120! 
 I38i 
 154 
 I70i 
 
 1401 
 123i 
 U)[l 
 154' 
 
 .stMti rig- point. May — Aug. 1«07. 
 
 CoHisc (liift on eroded granit; diy. 
 
 I'rifr ou very micac pranir; dry, plaisant. 
 
 Holllris; ulbitic granit & calslat.e; dry fert. 
 
 Drift, oil eranit with mcsotype & asUeste; 
 
 Triipp vvall.<, on niPtamorphii-; dry fur. 
 
 Drift on black .■^lale till Troy; fort. for. 
 
 Hdly slate and cilslate; fert. 
 
 Idem; id. 
 
 Ai-jsrilac silur. slnto &. <;a.lslate; drv for- 
 
 Rich drift on imdiiliit. silurian s^utv; 
 
 Black rolling limestone; fert- 
 
 CoHVse ]iel)ble drift on idem; gvn-i'^- 
 
 Idoni rolling; salt works; damp "or. grats- 
 
 Idem; crossed by swamps; for- 
 
 Flatsilur. limestone with fa'ls; fert- 
 
 Id covered with coarse sandy drift; id' 
 
 Idem; pine for- along ihe falls- 
 
 240 mts long; 50, high; 
 
 Drift below Niagara falls. 
 
 Soft slate eroded under linrd limestone. 
 
 On the limestone l;d)!e; c.tinadian side. 
 
 Catbiret of hvdrogen, tVum slate; 
 
 IVutfido. 
 
 Snspension bridg, 
 Wellan.l ranal, ' 
 St. Catherines. 
 (Jnr-.i|-io village, 
 Hamilton. 
 Toronto, 
 Ilaiuilioii, 
 Dtindas, 
 Harrisbiirj', 
 V rs, 
 
 \V..o''sio,Us, 
 Ingeivoil, 
 London, 
 jViewbiiry, 
 CViathtim, 4 dny.- 
 Bf>Ue Riviere, 
 Windsor, 
 Sandwich, 17 r). 
 St Cl'iire canal, 
 
 Detroit, 
 
 Monroe, 
 
 Diertield, 
 
 Adrian, 
 
 Hilkdale, 
 
 Coldwater, 
 
 White IMgeon, 
 
 Elkart, 
 
 (J74f;,4 1701 
 i|! 4:'.3 ho; 
 
 ^i r>2,'2 nol 
 
 ;i5 ! 
 
 5(i ' 
 
 07 
 li)() 
 
 0! 
 
 I'i 
 
 3>) 
 
 4rS 
 
 .''>7 
 
 7G7 
 
 lilt : 
 
 1401 
 
 1 7 ! 
 
 172 i 
 
 187! 
 
 C 
 41 
 (iO 
 
 100 
 128 
 lfi4 
 183 
 
 55,0 
 .T7,0 
 
 01 
 
 72 1 
 
 02,0 72' 
 
 .-.s.o 
 
 lUi 
 
 
 
 48.5 
 
 218 
 
 -- 
 
 
 45,4 
 
 250 
 
 
 
 i;lo 
 
 275 
 
 
 
 4(i.O 
 
 242 
 
 
 
 47,2 
 
 228 
 
 
 
 58,0 
 
 102 
 
 
 
 ;'.(! 
 
 ]m 
 
 16 
 
 ,<■> 
 
 .54 
 
 181 
 
 .- 
 
 
 5;5.« 
 
 1H4 
 
 
 
 54,0 
 
 1K4 
 
 Hi .7 
 
 54,5 
 
 180 
 
 1.) 
 
 6 
 
 Coarse drift on rolling sMnr, l-mestone; tr)r- 
 Idcm swampy; for- barley, wheat- 
 Idem; damp fir. along the Ontario lake- • 
 On low liinest. hi-h terra cs of sandy drift; 
 Idem; coarse sand tfiraces: 
 
 Starting point on the Ontario lake; Aug, 
 Silur, limest; ridge c<n'red with jjebbl drfr; 
 Id; heavy drift of silic, pebbles; sterile- 
 Idem; undul, wet coarse pebble sand; po- 
 Idem; plateau dividi ig the lakes; poor f- 
 [d; pebbles with sandy clay; damp forests- 
 Co ir.se sand i f rr, clay; plain; wheat, barl 
 Rich lake and liver bottom; damp foi- 
 Idetn: red <-lay on jiebbles, very fert,- 
 r,arge swampy lake bott prairies; pasiur- 
 Idem; (day on silurian liuiestone; drift 
 Idem; ferr- fertile (day: wheat, corn- 
 Deep channal. 1 mle wide; clair water- 
 
 it, 184; 
 
 51.4 180' 
 
 50.0 15)5 
 
 45.7 3 4(1; 
 
 38, (i 313 
 
 43,0 2H7 
 
 45,2 243 
 
 ,0 245 
 
 C'ayey drift on hillv limiv«t. for. wheat. 
 
 R..(i sandy clay on idem; fert. 
 
 Pebbles. & dry sandy (day; poor for- 
 11,1 Idem, on carbonif. limestone; idem- 
 
 I'latcau of undulat ])ebbles; jjoor- 
 
 [deiu with coarse dry sand; tore.^t- 
 14,0 [,1 sand with broken recent shelN for- 
 14,0 Uich clay on s^iiid & silur. fo.ssil. limuitujjc 
 
LIBRARY OF CONGRESS 
 
 015 816 141 2 
 
 S4 
 
 RuEvEY IN The United State, coiitinru'VI, 
 
 III. Mo. 
 
 STATU )XS. niilr 
 
 Lil)M)l-H'. 
 
 C;iliiniel, 
 .) unr. 
 
 2- 12 
 2.V1 
 2S1 
 
 .T.,]ifr, '" 3f 
 
 Poi'tinr-, !t2 
 Blooriiinetoiy, l2(i 
 
 Cf.rlinvilf,.., , 2'S3 
 
 Alton, 237 
 
 Mississiiipi, 
 
 St. Louis, 2S0 
 
 Sr,. Lonis, I! m't'iis.O 
 
 Bar. Mi'tjW-i 
 
 i'Zfi ^-' '11 I 
 
 51,8 180 
 
 51,4 184,l'i,r) 
 
 Flori.ssiini , 
 ' ■lKi.i'l)iinnii re, 
 St. CliMrl.'s, 
 
 Nruwl InllH. 
 SiiMix i'liilaffP, 
 
 Mi^sis^i|l[li 1 i\- 
 JlTsr.y |',l,ilis, 
 
 St. Lc.nif,, 
 
 Ki'kw,„„t, 13 
 
 ,\'I<'i;'-ni'C river, 18 
 
 Fraril.llii, 37 
 
 Wnsliinj-loii, 04 
 
 (;,,l.-nn<lc, (i2 
 
 .St.. .lo-epli. 74 
 
 N;i.s.-5cr's rami, 80 
 
 A'l.vvpoi-t, f*4 
 
 IJi'iriiaiiii, ll4 
 OsaSc ciiiffluont, 149 
 
 Ta..s, l.)l 
 
 Wiv-rphalia, 1.1,0 
 
 l{ich Fountain, 1 71 
 
 Davis .-Mvc-, 179 
 
 l^icchiis i-uvc, ISf) 
 
 Vienna, l.'J-) 
 
 St. Eoiiis, 3 ni'ilis 
 
 Jnilian nid'jifts, 4 
 
 (Jaseyville, i) 
 
 .Frha'non, 20 
 
 Kaskaskia rr. 48 
 
 Ceiitralia, 72 
 
 .1nneshf)if>, 143 
 
 Mound:*, 171 
 
 Oai.o. -I .lays. 175 
 Mi^xican (iiilf, 1220 
 
 74S.H 184 
 
 49,2 180 
 
 175 
 
 170 
 
 id.: 
 
 750.0 17(1 1 
 54,0 1-24 
 52,0 -I50j]5,7 
 
 .. 150 
 15«!! 
 
 I'loho.O 
 100 1 
 13 o: 
 
 12(.> 124,0 
 
 18^1 
 
 150J 
 180 
 140l 
 2(10i 
 ]40| 
 200; 
 i'l ;i5,(i 
 i('.' 
 13.0 
 140 
 ■ l.-iO 
 220 
 240 
 240 
 200 
 220 
 280 
 
 r51,2 150 
 140 
 138 
 
 130 
 
 130 
 
 100 
 
 .'15 
 
 75(5.6 94 
 
 15,0 
 15,;i 
 
 11,7 
 15,0 
 
 IT), 
 
 7110,0 21,3 
 
 ObseiA^ations. 
 
 Nature oCilic soil, its Iritiriy \-< 
 
 1(1. more saniK; for- 
 
 Hilly dunes of (|uieksan(l; s'er ]iin<> liaiToi! 
 End oi'lho |ii(iy dunes; lak" \)ii~J. Jiiaiii'-. 
 Flat ju'aiiie; old lake boih.tii: oasiiii-. Xc. 
 
 Flat, ini<l]cs.< praiiie ori liinesione; cfeeks 
 anil rivei-.s, wilii a vwimiv low iidu« of 
 f'eriii£;inons elay, on rlie liijlii bank, 
 (deni nnd'dafln;; on linn s'one : ti iiii'p'. 
 Fiein rollii <r o]. saiMlsio!!' ; (',"it. 
 On easiledike sa])(kl>ne Idnii; dry 'lealtliv. 
 Clear; ninnini; ibro' IkM tow l-im',. 
 Clayev liilly drill on (a\iTn(ius linn^stone. 
 
 Clay on lolly fallen cark. liinestm ; teili'". 
 Slate iime-l klnf"!' wi; !i narrow lie.ls ' coal. 
 Hillv carli. idliest. & sandslone; teriik- 
 Qnic-Ksand kjllsaU.ni. old bed ,4' Mo rtv . 
 Low fallen Mis.s. bank- su .-nnps- 
 1100 nitrs ^^ide; 5 dee]i; 19, |i.o- ni'le v, lof 
 i')ev(in. silie. lin^esi; eidu !i'd w ii b'pelibles 
 f.uinin,i£ a line of caslle like blnils. 
 Voyage to W October 1857- 
 Hilly niaifnes. lin^esi; di\ for. 
 [deni, hie^ii bliifts; biiiii for. 
 ((I. brolien fi niiing bliifi's; jxior- 
 Maaii. sarnlst. ,y liniest. bbifVs; ,'or. 
 llillv sanrlst w illi iialei a veins; [joor. 
 Id aioni; r.nnrbeusi- riv oak dry fnC. 
 Rollin;:- nliun; old lake leiltoin; da!ri|) ''or. 
 Mo ri\ beHv. Idiili blufts (i ods oi-iani; 
 r.ine of bb'.fts * coi ic kills; oaks iiiape- 
 Hillv r.fl»<<isl; biyh drift'; indian mcowiis. 
 Idem; i^ak fo'-. a()ple trees, win at, ci>rn- 
 HdlofsaniFt op;il & veinous clialcedony. 
 tlili\ >and.-l: err.-itic linioidi. oak foi'e.-t, 
 Old sprinfr in sandst. blulT; (THsciuiade riv. 
 Idem,dpei3 X'50 nits lona; >talacfiis. 
 Dry rolk'mindsi. betxv. Alarais *|C,ii(iscon. r. 
 
 Voyage to ;be South. Nov. ()7. 
 Swampy lilain; 'ake bo.lofn. corn irra'S- 
 Wiv. bed ('(Hit of 'itnest. .nils & forest- 
 Lake bottom; large plai' ; ,i;i-ass- 
 Soiitli foot ol a clnyey ridge; fert. plaiir- 
 Unflulatint;' plain; grass- 
 End (if tlie tiat prairies; drift, forest- 
 Fluviat sand rollin.i; on red ,y, white (lay. 
 Swamjiy diiti; uidiealthy; bushes- 
 Ten years observati. ins. L8(i9,