Spalding's Athletic Library No. 234— Physical Traivinc, Series 
 
 G V 
 
 PRICE lO CENTS 
 
 o > — 
 
 SCHOOL TACTICS 
 
 AND 
 
 MAZE RUNNING 
 
 Written by 
 
 C*'\^'ARD CRAMPTON, M. D. 
 
 EMANUEL HAUG 
 
 MONTAGUE GAMMON 
 
 Edited by 
 
 LUTHER HALSEY GULICK. M. D. 
 
 President American Physical Education 
 
 Society ; Director of Physical 1 raining 
 
 New York Public Schoold 
 
 published by 
 
 THE AMERICAN SPORTS PUBLISHING COMPANY 
 
 21 Warren Street, New York 
 
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 COPYRIGHT DEPOSIT. 
 
SCHOOL TACTICS 
 
 AND 
 
 MAZE RUNNING 
 
 WRITTEN BY 
 
 C. WARD CRAMPTON, M.D. 
 
 EMANUEL HAUG 
 
 MONTAGUE GAMMON 
 
 EDITED BY 
 
 LUTHER HALSEY GULICK. M.D. 
 
 President American Physical Education 
 
 Society; Director of Physical Training 
 
 New York Public Schools 
 
 NEW YORK 
 
 American Sports Publishing Company 
 
 21 WARREN street 
 
 ^ 
 
UBRARY of 
 Iwu Copiey 
 
 )OWGR£SS 
 
 rtcciiiycu 
 
 APR 24 19U5 
 
 )>ri^jic tntry 
 OOPY d. 
 
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 Copyright, 1905 
 
 BY 
 
 American Sports Publishing Company 
 New York 
 
PREFACE 
 
 It is almost necessary in any school system, that the 
 system of marching be uniform throughout the different 
 schools, otherwise when pupils go from one school to an- 
 other there will be confusion, and discipline will be ren- 
 dered ditticult. 
 
 In any public school system it seems important that the 
 tactics follow as closely as possible those of the United 
 States Army, not because these are the best in all respects, 
 but because many of the individuals will enter the different 
 regiments later, as this is the most commonly accepted and 
 generally understood form in America. It is thus most 
 practicable, and as it seems possible to unite upon this, 
 whereas it would not be possible to unite upon any sys- 
 tem which represented the views of a special group of 
 men, it seems necessary to have a separate manual, because 
 a large fraction of the commands used in the army are 
 unnecessary for use in gymnasiums, and there are a num- 
 ber of conditions to be met with in the gymnasiums for 
 which adequate commands do not exist in the Infantry 
 Manual. 
 
 The following manual has been prepared by men who 
 are thoroughly familiar with their work, and who are 
 daily doing that which they describe. The first part, 
 called "Physical Training Tactics," written by Dr. C. 
 Ward Crampton, of the High School of Commerce, New 
 York, and j\Ir. Emanuel Haug, of the De Witt Clinton 
 High School, New York, is intended pariicularly for high 
 
school use. The second portion of the work^ beginning 
 with page 56, is written by Mr. Montague Gammon, and 
 contains instructions which are peculiar to the conditions 
 obtaining in elementary schools. The diagrams for maz<» 
 running weie prepared by Mr. Haug. 
 
INTRODUCTION 
 
 Tactics are important to the gymnasium director as a 
 means of managing classes, conducting physical training 
 periods, and also for the educational discipline that lies in 
 the prompt understanding and execution of orders. 
 
 The present work aims to be a convenient guide for the 
 physical director, conducing to a uniform interpretation 
 of commands in vogue, and tending eventually to a uni- 
 form method in tactics. 
 
 The commands and methods of execution of commands 
 here presented are identical with the United States Mili- 
 tary Tactics in so far as those tactics apply to gymnastic 
 work. In many instances it has been found advisable to 
 insert additional commands not found in the military code, 
 and, in a few exceptional instances, a different method of 
 execution is given, to meet the difference in aims between 
 gymnastic and military work. Whenever any such change 
 is suggested, the reasons are stated and the military method 
 is immediately quoted for those who may wish to follow it 
 unmodified. 
 
 It is thought that the manual, while not exhaustive, 
 will meet the needs of instructors in schools that have 
 students trained in military tactics as well as those of a 
 less distinctively military character. 
 
SCHOOL TACTICS. 
 
 HISTORY OF TACTICS 
 
 Probably the earliest account of tactics is that from the 
 Greeks. At the time of Alexander the Great, tactics for 
 military purposes had been considerably developed. Ac- 
 counts of formality of movement in bodies of troops are 
 preserved and their elfectiveness was apparently well dem- 
 onstrated. 
 
 In mediaeval times tactics were still a part of military 
 usage, though the feudal system allowed of but little of the 
 finish and accuracy of movement, with the involved disci- 
 pline, which prol)a])ly prevailed in the Greek and Roman 
 periods. 
 
 From the advent of firearms, we find a progressive for- 
 malization of tactics down to the present day. In gymnas- 
 tics tactics were developed as need required: Jahn in 
 Germany at first used only the simplest words of com- 
 mand to a crowd of boys or a group cf students out of 
 doors, in the field, or in the old original Turnplaetze; 
 Spiess, in developing school gymnastics, did much also 
 for tactics. Ling in Sweden used the military tactics in 
 vogue from 1810 to 1820, and adopted a considerable mass 
 of tactics to gymnastic use. 
 
 In this country any and every kind is in vogue, from a 
 mere rush for spots on the floor to the most exact military 
 tactics. The situation of the present day is due to diver- 
 sity of aims as well as diversity of origin. Some gymnas- 
 tic directors wish only to get classes on the floor for work 
 
SCHOOL TACTICS. r^ 
 
 and off again as quickly as possible, not regarding march- 
 ing and formation as useful in themselves. Others realize 
 the advantage of tactics for the cultivation of class feeling, 
 posture, accuracy, etc., and devote more or less time to 
 them. Others, where military tactics are demanded in 
 the curriculum, are forced to use them; others, still, be- 
 lieve in tactics so highly for their undoubted benefits as 
 to use them to a disproportionate degree. 
 
 With these points in view, the following classification 
 of tactics is used here : 
 
 1. Simple preliminary tactics. 
 
 2. Class formation. 
 
 3. Tactics for purpose of exercise; maze runs. 
 
SCHOOL TACTICS. 
 
 INTRODUCTORY COMMANDS 
 
 Method of Giving Commands. — There are two kinds 
 of commands: the Preparatory Command, such as For- 
 ward, indicating the movement that is to be executed, 
 and the Command of Execution, such as March, Halt, 
 and which causes the execution. Preparatory commands 
 are printed in Italics; those of execution in Capitals. 
 
 "The preparatory command should be given at such in- 
 terval of time before the command of execution as to admit 
 of its being proj^erly understood; the command of execu- 
 tion should be given at the instant the movement is to 
 commence." (U. S. A.) 
 
 Ehythmic Method. — In giving commands it is often 
 necessary to indicate the amount of time to be given to 
 the execution of the command, if it is a single act, as: 
 In Place, Pest. And it is often necessary to indicate the 
 rhythm with which a motion involving rhythm is to be 
 executed, as in marching. This is accomplished by estab- 
 lishing the rhythm in the order, by leaving the same inter- 
 val between the preparatory and the executive commands 
 as is intended will be left between the executive command 
 and the completion of the movement as: 
 
 In Place (interval one-half second), Rest. (Interval 
 one-half second.) Foot strikes the ground. 
 
 Forward (interval one-half second), March. (Interval 
 one-half second.) Left (one-half second) ; Right (one- 
 half second) ; and so on. 
 
SCHOOL TACTICS. 
 
 Delayed Method. — In this method the preparatory 
 command is followed by a pause considerably longer than 
 the rhythm would require. This conduces to the most 
 perfect understanding of the order, fixes the attention by 
 producing a nervous tension of expectancy and gains a 
 more certain response. This method often brings back the 
 flagging attention of a class. 
 
 The rhythmic method is the one that should be used 
 habitually. A class does not have to be told about the 
 method of command, but will naturally follow out any 
 rhythm established in the order. All through gymnastics 
 this principle can be used with effect. 
 
 ^'The tone of command is animated, distinct, and of a 
 loudness proportioned to the number of men under in- 
 struction. Each preparatory command is pronounced in 
 an ascending tone of voice, but always in such a manner 
 that the command of execution may be more energetic 
 and elevated. The command of execution is pronounced 
 in a firm, brief tone." (U. S. A.) 
 
 Voice. — The physical trainer must learn to use the 
 voice correctly, or suffer from a disordered class, continued 
 physical discomfort, and an occasional breakdown. This is 
 not the place to go into details of voice training, as there 
 are several good books obtainable on the subject. In out- 
 line, the important points are: 1, Correct position with 
 high chest, giving increased breathing capacity and in- 
 creased resonance; 2, Abdominal expiration completed 
 before the chest expiration commences; 3, Tone placing, 
 not in the throat, "in front of the brow, at a distance." 
 
 To insure the correct use of the voice the physical con- 
 dition must be of the best. The teacher must alwavs and 
 
20 SCHOOL TACTICS. 
 
 ever exemplify what he is teaching : correct position, accu- 
 racy, and decision of movement. The physical condition 
 of the teacher will be mirrored in every movement of the 
 class. 
 
 The teacher must cultivate a military feeling, a feeling 
 of rhythm and of readiness, and the class will show the 
 result. A mind full of the work in hand means the best 
 results; preoccupation on the teacher's part will lead to a 
 lazy and disordered class. 
 
 Teaching. — Control of a class depends upon several 
 factors : 1, a thorough knowledge of the work given, and 
 the consequent confidence and respect of the class ; 2, thor- 
 ough exemplification of the gymnastic and military ideal 
 in the teacher himself; 3, eternal vigilance and strictest 
 discipline, setting a mark for discipline and never allow- 
 ing a departure from it, "meaning business'' all the timo 
 and "keeping at it"; 4, correct methods of teaching: a, 
 get order and maintain it, oven at the price of delay in 
 teaching; nothing can be done without "103 per cent, 
 order"; h, do not present too much at one time; c, show 
 the work and explain it briefly ; do not point out any diffi- 
 culties until they actually arise; cZ, explain fully how the 
 w^ork is to be done on the command, and the rate at which 
 it is to be done; c, try the movement once or twice, then 
 correct class or individuals and combat difficulties as they 
 arise; /, repeat until the movement is as perfect as could 
 reasonably be expected of the class at its stage of training; 
 Do not drop it half learned in the endeavor to maintain 
 interest by giving something new. Make the thing inter- 
 esting by rest, and, during rest, an explanation of the 
 movement and interesting facts, military or otherwise, 
 
SCHOOL TACTICS. 21 
 
 associated with it. The following extract from "The Mili- 
 tary Tactics'' is of value ; "Tlie instructor explains each 
 movement in as few words as possible, at the same time 
 executing it himself. He requires the recruits to take by 
 themselves the proper positions and does not touch them 
 for the purpose of correcting them, except when they are 
 unable to correct themselves; he avoids keeping them too 
 long at the same movement, although each should be un- 
 derstood before passing to another. He exacts by degrees 
 the desired precision and uniformity. When the execution 
 of a movement is improperly begun and the instructor 
 wishes to begin it anew for the purpose of correcting it 
 he commands : As you luere, at which the movement ceases 
 and the former position is resumed." (U. S. A.) 
 
 Definitions. 
 
 Alignment — A straight line upon which several men or 
 bodies of men are formed. 
 
 Column — A formation in which the elements are placed 
 one behind another. 
 
 Depth — The space from head to rear of any formation. 
 
 Distance — Space in the direction of depth. 
 
 Echelon — In the order in echelon the individuals or units 
 are placed one behind another, extending beyond or un- 
 masking one another wholly or in part. 
 
 Facing Distance — Fourteen inches. 
 
 File — Two men, a front rank man and the corresponding 
 man in the rear rank. 
 
 Flanh — The right or left of a command in line or column. 
 
 Interval — Space between the elements in the same line. 
 
12 SCHOOL TACTICS. 
 
 Pace — Thirty inches^ the length of a full step in quick 
 
 time. 
 Rank — A line of men placed side by side. 
 
 Following practically the order in which a teacher would 
 put into use his commands with an untaught class, the 
 following manoeuvres are given: 1, the name of the man- 
 oeuvre; 2, the command; 3, the description and comment: 
 
 Attention. — Class, Attention. ^'Each individual 
 stands firm in position." 
 
 Position. — "Heels on the same line, as near each other 
 as the conformation of the land permits. Feet turned out 
 equally and forming with eaeli other an ai.gle of about 60 
 degrees. [See note below.] Knees straight without stiff- 
 ness. Body erect on the hips, inclining a little forward. 
 Shoulders square and falling equally. Arms and handn 
 hanging naturally, backs of the hands outward, little fin- 
 gers opposite the seams of the trousers, elbows near the 
 body. Head erect, square to the front, chin slightly 
 drawn in without constraint, eyes straight to the front." 
 (IJ. S. A.) 
 
 Note. For gymnastic purposes, and perhaps for all 
 purposes, it is better not to have the toes turned out 60 
 degrees, but to decrease the angle to 30 degrees or below, 
 approaching the more hygienic "straight foot." 
 
 The order shoulders hach should very seldom be given 
 to an individual, and never to a class, as it results in 
 throwing the head and abdomen forward. The position 
 is better corrected by the command raise chest. The cor- 
 rect position of shoulders can be attained by insisting upon 
 the weight being forward upon the balls of the feet. The 
 body should swing forward from the ankles, and not from 
 
SCHOOL TACTICS. lO 
 
 the liips, as the above quoted description miglit be con- 
 strued to indicate. The position as usually taken by the 
 untrained is faulty and poor as regards the position of the 
 head and the distribution of the lu eight and can be correct- 
 ed mainly by attention to these points. 
 
 When attention is gained, the class standing in dis- 
 persed order in silence, the following command is given: 
 Class, Fall Ix. (Indicating place and position betweeii 
 preparatory and executive order, if necessary.) 
 
 "The instructor requires the recruits to place the palm 
 of the left hand upon the hip, below the belt when worn; he 
 then places them on the same line, so that the right arm of 
 each man rests lightly against the left elbow of the man 
 next on his right, and then directs the left hand to be re- 
 placed by the side. The men thus find themselves with an 
 interval that allows for a free movement of the arms. When 
 the recruits have learned how to take their places, they 
 are required to assemble without assistance on the com- 
 mand — fall in. They assemble rapidly, as above prescribed, 
 at attention, each man dropping the left hand as soon as 
 the man next on his left has his interval." (U. S. A.) 
 
 If arrangement as to size is desired (as should always 
 be the case), directions to that effect should be given with 
 the preparatory order. The largest should be on the right 
 flank. 
 
 PEEFERRED ]\rETHOD.— Have the left arm slightly 
 bent, by raising the hand only three inches, thus giving 
 room enough for all necessary manoeuvres without crowd- 
 ing. This method is advocated for general use in schools. 
 
;[4 SCHOOL TACTICS. 
 
 DRESS. 
 
 Right, Dress; Front. 
 
 Turn the head to the right, the shoulders remaining 
 square and at equal height. Observe with the left eye the 
 line, and shift the position of the feet so that the chest 
 will be on a line with the neighljoring two pupils on the 
 right. The left hand should be raised three inches, bend- 
 ing the elbow slightly; in this position move to the right 
 until the right arm touches the neighbor's elbow. 
 
 Caution : — Keep the head erect, shoulders on a line, 
 not twisted; the body must be adjusted by moving the feet 
 and so maintaining the correct position, and not by shift- 
 ing the weight of the body backward or forward which 
 would destroy the equilibrium. 
 
 XoTE — 1. Military dress, with palm raised to waist, 
 gives greater interval. 
 
 2. Dress can be made to center or to any designated man 
 of rank. 
 
 EESTS. 
 
 In place, Eest. Class, Attention. 
 
 The right foot is moved 6 inches straight to the rear 
 and turned slightly outward from the straight foot posi- 
 tion, the weight being held evenly on both feet. Place 
 the left hand in the right behind the body with the arms 
 and the knees straight. 
 
 Class, At EaSe. Class, Attention. 
 
 "Keep one heel in place, and preserve silence but not 
 immobility." (U. S. A.) 
 
 (Note — Parade, Rest is not given, as the arms are 
 placed in this position in front of the chest.) 
 
SCHOOL TACTICS. J^g 
 
 FACING. 
 
 Right y Face. 
 
 ^'Slightly raise the left lieel and right toe and face to the 
 right, turning on the right heel assisted by a slight pressure 
 on the ball of the left foot ; Left face is executed upon the 
 left heel."' (IT. S. A.) 
 
 About, Face. 
 
 ''Executed on the right heel. Raise slightly the left 
 heel and right toe, face to the rear, turning to the right on 
 the right heel and the ball of the left foot ; replace the left 
 foot beside the right." (U. S. A.) 
 
 MARKING TIME. 
 
 Mark time, March. 
 
 Start with the left foot and make a semblance of march- 
 ing, without gaining ground, by alternately advancing 
 each foot about one-half its length and bringing it back 
 on a line with the other. 
 
 Class, Halt. 
 
 The executive command is given when the left foot is 
 returned to place, it remains there, and the right foot fin- 
 ishes the step, closing to the left. 
 
 FACING WHILE MARKING TIME. 
 
 Right, Face. 
 
 The preparatory command is given when the right foot 
 strikes the ground ; the left foot takes another step, and the 
 executive command is given when the right foot strikes 
 the ground again. The left foot is advanced, returns to 
 place and the turn is made upon it while the right foot is 
 in the air. 
 
1Q SCHOOL TACTICS. 
 
 COUNTING OFF WHILE IN LINE AT A HALT. 
 
 Count off iivos (3-4-6-8), Count. 
 
 This should start from the right flank. Each man should 
 turn his head as he speaks his number toward his neighbor 
 on the left and immediately bring his head again to the 
 front. 
 
 Count off, Eunning order, Count. Count up to total 
 number in class. 
 
 MAECHING FEOM PLACE. 
 
 Forward, March. Class, Halt. 
 
 "The length of the full step in quick or regular time is 
 thirty inches, measured from heel to heel, and the cadence 
 is at the rate of 123 steps per minute. 
 
 At the command forward, throw the weight of the liody 
 upon the right leg, left knee straight. At the com- 
 mand march, move the left leg smartly but w^ithout jerk, 
 straight forward 33 inches from the right, measuring frora 
 heel to heel, sole near the ground; straighten and turn the 
 knee slightly out; at the same time throw the weight of 
 the body forward and plant the foot without shock, weight 
 of body resting upon it ; next, in like manner, advance the 
 right foot and plant it as above; continue march.'' (IT. 
 S. A.) 
 
 Note. To secure quick and uniform starting, and obvi- 
 ate the lagging that is always shown by a new class, it is 
 advisable to use the following preliminary orders in rank 
 and column until considerable facility is gained. 
 
 Oiie step forivard. ^Iarch. 
 
 Take one step forward with the left foot; close with the 
 right foot. It is often an assistance to a correct idea of 
 length to pace to insist that the left foot on this order 
 
SCHOOL TACTICS. Yi 
 
 take the place vacated by the left foot of the student in 
 front (while in single file). 
 
 Two steps forward, March. 
 
 This can be given in a similar way. The distance be- 
 tween students is easily regulated by having them march 
 with the elbow bent at the hip and the forearm and 
 fingers stretching forward, just touching the elbow of the 
 student in front. 
 
 VARIATIONS IN MARCHING. 
 
 Short step, March. 
 
 Take steps of 15 inches. If, while marching in double 
 time, 18 inches. 
 
 Side step rights March. 
 
 Carry the right foot 12 inches to the right, keeping 
 knees straight and shoulders square to the front; as soon 
 as the right foot is planted, bring the left foot to the side 
 of it; continue the movement, observing the cadence for 
 each foot. 
 
 Bachward, March. (From a halt.) 
 
 Step l)ackward with the left foot 15 inches to the rear, 
 measuring from heel to heel, then with the right, and so 
 on, the feet alternating. At the command halt, bring 
 back the foot in front to the side of the one in the rear. 
 
 Forivard, Double time, March. (From a halt, mark- 
 ing time or marching.) 
 
 "At the command forward, throw the weight of the body 
 on the right leg ; at the command March, raise the hands 
 till the forearms are horizontal, fingers closed, nails toward 
 the body, elbows to the rear; carry forward the left foot, 
 knee slightly bent and somewhat raised, and plant the foot 
 
]^g SCHOOL TACTICS. 
 
 36 inches from tho right; then execute the same motion 
 with tlie right foot ; continue this alternate movement of 
 the feet, throwing the weight of the body forward and 
 allowing a natural swinging motion to the arms." (U. 
 S. A.) 
 
 TO HALT. 
 From Quick Time. 
 Class, Halt. 
 
 At the command lialt, given as either foot is coming 
 to the floor, advance the other foot one step ; the first is 
 then brought up and planted without shock by the side of 
 the other. 
 
 From Double Time. 
 Class, Halt. 
 
 Give the command halt, when the left foot strikes the 
 ground; take another step forward with the right foot, 
 then with the -left foot, and close right foot to left. 
 
 MARCHING FROM PLACE AND CHANGING 
 DIRECTION. 
 
 From a halt. 
 
 By the right flanh, March. 
 
 At the command march, turn 90 deg. to the right, step- 
 ping off immediately with the left foot without closing it 
 to the right. 
 • Left oblique, March. 
 
 Executed as above, with turn of 45 degrees. 
 
 To the rear, March. 
 
 Executed as above, with turn of 180 degrees. Always 
 made to the right. 
 
SCHOOL TACTICS. \2 
 
 CHANGE OF DlHECTiON WHILE MARCHING. 
 
 By the right flank, March. 
 
 At the command march, given as the right foot strikes 
 the ground, advance the left foot, turn to the right on the 
 ball of the left foot and take a step in the new direction 
 with the right foot. 
 
 To the rig] it oblique, March. 
 
 Executed as the previous movement, the change of di- 
 rection being 45 degrees. 
 
 To the rear, March. 
 
 '^At the command march, given as the right foot strikes 
 the ground, advance and plant the left foot; then turn on 
 the balls of both feet, face to the right-about and imme- 
 diately step oif with the left foot. 
 
 "If marching in double time, turn to the right-about and 
 take four short steps in place, keeping the cadence, and 
 then step off in the new direction with the left foot." 
 (U. S. A.) 
 
 Backward, March. 
 
 The command march is given when the left foot strikes 
 the ground; the right foot finishes the step forward, the 
 left foot is then raised backward and planted in the same 
 spot; the right foot then takes a place fifteen inches back 
 of it; the movement is continued, alternating with steps 
 of fifteen inches. 
 
 MAECHING IN SINGLE FILE. 
 1. To change direction of march and maintain column. 
 
 Column right, March. 
 
 The command march should be given as the right foot 
 of the leader strikes the ground ; the left is then advanced 
 
20 SCHOOL TACTICS. 
 
 and a turn of 93 degrees is made on the ball of the left 
 foot, the right taking the first step in the new direction. 
 In the corners of the gymnasium this should be taken 
 without command. 
 
 2- CoJunin half right, March. 
 
 Executed as the previous movement^ the change of di- 
 rection being 45 degrees. 
 
 3- C oil fitenn arch rights March. 
 
 The leader turns 180 degrees to the right in a half circle 
 with four steps, the others follow. 
 4. Marching in column, counted off in fours, to march 
 
 in column of two or four, and continue in the same di- 
 rection. 
 
 Form twos, right oMique, ]\lARCir. 
 
 At the command march. Numbers 1 and 3 mark time 
 till Numbers 2 and 4, respectively, oblique to their sides, 
 when the march is resumed by twos. 
 4h. Fortn fours, right oblique, March. 
 
 Number 1 marks time till Numbers 2, 3, and 4 have 
 obliqued to his side, when the march is resumed by fours. 
 A column of fours, from column of twos, is formed in a 
 similar manner. 
 5- ]\Iarching in column, to march to the flank in line. 
 
 By the right fanl-, March. 
 
 Each member of the line executes the order hg the right 
 flanh, march, as given. The line guides to the left. 
 
 Guiding — The man on the end of the line on which 
 the guide is made marches straight to the front. The men 
 preserve their intervals, toward the guide, yielding to 
 pressure on that side and resisting pressure from the oppo- 
 
SCHOOL TACTICS. 21 
 
 site direction. WbiJe liabituall}- keeping tlic head to the 
 front they may occasionally glance toward the side of the 
 guide to preserve alignment and intervals. The head is 
 turned as little as possible for this purpose. 
 
 Guiding can be made on right or left flank, center, or 
 on any designated member of the line. 
 
 6- To form column of fours proceeding to the side. (See 
 
 cut No. 10.) 
 
 By the right flank, form fours, March. 
 
 At the command march the first four execute a right 
 flank and step off in the new direction, the next four con- 
 tinue to march till they can execute the right flank on the 
 same ground as the first four have done, when they exe- 
 cute the right flank and follow the first four. 
 
 7. To the right ohliqve, March. 
 
 Each individual executes a turn of 45 degrees and con- 
 tinues in the new direction, preserving the line. 
 
22 SCHOOL TACTICS. 
 
 STANDING IN LINE. 
 
 1 . To march to the flank in column. 
 
 By the right fiank, March. 
 
 On the command march, turn to the right on the right 
 heel and the ball of the left foot and instantly step for- 
 ward with the left foot. 
 
 2- To march by the flank in column of fours. (See cut 
 
 No. 1.) . 
 
 Fours right, March. 
 
 "At the command marcli, each four wheels 90 degrees to 
 the right on a fixed pivot, the pivot man turning strictly in 
 his place; the man on the marching flank maintains the 
 full step, moving on the arc of a circle with the pivot man 
 as the center; the men dress on the marching flank, 
 shorten their steps according to their distance from it, and 
 keep their intervals from the pivot." Having executed the 
 quarter-turn the column of fours thus formed marches 
 forward. 
 
SCHOOL TACTICS. 
 
 23 
 
 2 Cut ISTo. 1. 
 
 Standing in Line. No. 2. 
 s Fours right, March. 
 
24 SCHOOL TACTICS. 
 
 3. To march to the front in column of fours. (See cut 
 
 Xo. 2.) 
 
 Right forivard, fours right, Maech. 
 
 "At the command march, the right four moves straigtit 
 to the front, shortening the first three or four steps, the 
 other fours wheel to the right, each on a fixed pivot; the 
 second four, when its wheel is two-thirds completed, wheels 
 to the left on a movable pivot and follows the first, the 
 other fours, having wheeled to the right move forward, and 
 each wheels to the left on a movable pivot, so as to follow 
 the second." 
 
SCHOOL TACTICS. 
 
 25 
 
 . Cut No. 2. 
 
 Standing in Line. No. 3. 
 
 Right forward, fours right, March. 
 
26 SCHOOL TACTICS. 
 
 4. To turn and form a line in a new direction at a halt 
 (See cut No. 3.) 
 
 Company right, March. 
 
 *^^The man on the right faces to the right. The others 
 half face to the right and, marching with a regular step, 
 place themselves successively on the alignment established 
 by the man on the right; all dress to the right without 
 command. The instructor verifies the alignment from the 
 pivot flank and commands front." 
 
 5. To turn and form a line in a new direction and march 
 in that direction. 
 
 Eight turn, March, Forward, March. 
 
 At the command march the man on the right flank 
 marches to the right flank l)y short .steps, the other men 
 half face to the right and moving by the shortest route 
 place themselves on the new line when they take up a short 
 step. As soon as the men have arrived on the line, the 
 instructor commands : Forward, March, and the full step 
 is taken up. 
 
SCHOOL TACTICS. 
 
 27 
 
 Cut No. 3, 
 
 Standing in Line. No. 4. 
 Company right, March. 
 
 r 
 
2g SCHOOL TACTICS. 
 
 MARCHING IN LINE. 
 1 . To inarch in column to either flank. 
 
 By the right flank, March. 
 
 Each man executes a right flank and marches to the 
 riglit. 
 2- To form column of fours, new direction. 
 
 Fours right, March. 
 
 Executed as fours right when standing in line. 
 
 3. To march to the frouu in column of fours. 
 Right forward, fours right, March. 
 Executed as from the standing position. 
 
 4. To turn and march to the rear. 
 
 (a) To the rear, March. 
 
 Each man executes a rear march. 
 (h) Fours right about ^ March. (See cut No. 4.) 
 Each four executes a turn of 180 degrees on a fixed 
 pivot and simultaneously arriving in line marches for- 
 ward. 
 
 5. To wheel and regain same line (for practice in wheel- 
 ing). 
 
 Fours right ivheel, March. 
 
 Fours wheel to the right, as in fou7's light, through a 
 complete circle and continue wheeling until the order halt. 
 
SCHOOL TACTICS. 
 
 29 
 
 Cut Kg. 4. 
 
 Marching in Line. No. 4b. 
 Fours right about, March. 
 
30 
 
 SCHOOL TACTICS. 
 
 MAECHING IN COLUMN OF FOUES. 
 1 . To change direction of column. 
 (a) Columti 7'ighty March. 
 At the command march the leading rank of fours wheels 
 90 degrees to the right on a movahle pivot, who takes steps 
 of ten inches in quick time, and twelve inches in double 
 time, gaining ground forward so as to clear the wheeling 
 point. The man on the marching flank maintains the full 
 step, moving on the arc of a circle with the pivot man as 
 the center, the men dress on the marching flank, shorten 
 their steps according to the distance from it and keep their 
 intervals from the pivot. Upon the completion of the 
 wheel the leading four resumes the full step and succeed- 
 ing fours wheel in the same manner at the same spot. 
 (h) Column half rights March. 
 Executed in a similar manner with a turn of 45 degrees, 
 (c) Countermarch right, March. (See cut No. 5.) 
 Executed as above with a turn of 180 degrees. 
 
SCHOOL TACTICS. 
 
 31 
 
 4- 
 
 ^- 
 
 V 
 
 > 
 
 Cut Xo. 5. 
 
 Marching in Column of Fours. No. \c. 
 Countermarch, right, March. 
 
32 
 
 SCHOOL TACTICS. 
 
 2. To march by the flank in line. (See cut No. 6.) 
 Fours right, March. 
 
 At the command march each four wheels to the right 90 
 degrees, forming a line and marching forward in the new 
 direction guiding to the left. 
 
 3. To march to the rear in column of fours, reversing the 
 marching order. 
 
 Fours right about, March. 
 
 On the command march, fours wheel to the right, exe- 
 cuting a turn of 180 degrees, and continue marching in 
 the new direction in column of fours. 
 
H 
 
 H 
 
 H 
 
 H 
 H 
 ■I 
 H 
 
 SCHOOL TACTICS. 
 €*? «^ ^>. 
 
 38 
 
 <^ 
 
 ^ 
 
 o 
 
 o 
 
 <3^ 
 
 «^ 
 
 Q? 
 
 CO- 
 
 O 
 
 P 
 O 
 
 o 
 
 1^ 
 
 p 
 p 
 o 
 
 ^ 
 
 C5 r< 
 
 ^1 
 
34 SCHOOL TACTICS. 
 
 4- To form right into single file. (See cut No. 7.) 
 
 Right by file, March. 
 
 At the command march, the first man moves forward, 
 the others execute a turn of 45 degrees to the right, march 
 obliquely, falling in behind the first man in single file. 
 
 Single file from column of twos is similarly executed. 
 
SCHOOL TACTICS. 
 
 85 
 
 t 
 
 *> Q^ om \^ 
 
 o?. 
 
 ^ 
 
 0^^ G^ ^ 
 
 N^. 
 
 C3. 
 
 Oy^. 
 
 > 
 
 Cut No. 7. 
 
 Marching in Column of Fours. No. 4. 
 Rights by file, March. 
 
og SCHOOL TACTICS. 
 
 5. To form a line without change of direction. (See 
 
 cut No. 8.) 
 
 Riqht front into line, March. 
 
 At the command march the leading four moves straight 
 to the front, dressing to the left; the other fours oblique 
 to the right until opposite their place in line, when each 
 marches to the front. 
 
SCHOOL TACTICS. 
 
 37 
 
38 SCHOOL TACTICS. 
 
 6. To form a line with change of direction. (See cut 
 
 No. 9.) 
 
 On right into line, March. 
 
 At the command march, the leading four wheels to the 
 right on a movable pivot and moves forward, dressing to 
 the right ; each of the other fours marches a distance equal 
 to its front beyond the wheeling point of the next four 
 proceeding, wheels to the right and advances as explained 
 for the first four. 
 
 Marching in twos, three, fours, fives, sixes, eights, etc., 
 the evolutions are executed in a similar manner. 
 
SCHOOL TACTICS. 
 
 N, Q^ <yti ^ 
 
 39 
 
 
 o 
 
 
 
 ^ 
 
 
 
 CO 
 
 
 
 P4 
 
 
 o 
 
 P 
 O 
 
 
 o 
 
 f^ 
 
 
 ^ 
 
 Ph 
 
 M 
 o 
 
 <1 
 
 
 O 
 
 M 
 
 
 r^ 
 
 
 
 P 
 
 f^ 
 
 
 h-l 
 
 
 
 O 
 
 <^ 
 
 
 O 
 
 IS 
 
 
 1— 1 
 
 o 
 
 
 o 
 
 S 
 
 
 !^ 
 
 »Ks 
 
 
 W 
 
 t>. 
 
 
 o 
 
 'r^ 
 
 
 « 
 
 ^ 
 
 
 <J 
 
 ?S 
 
 ^ o 
 
4Q SCHOOL TACTICS. 
 
 CLASS FORMATION. 
 
 Class formations made directly from line present the 
 quickest method of forming for class work, and may be used 
 successfully with a small class standing along one side, 
 preferably the short side of the gymnasium. These meth- 
 ods cannot well be used with a large class in a small gym- 
 nasium, for if the line be too long, the front of the class 
 will be too broad to be commanded and taught effectively 
 by the instructor; and if he takes his place on one flank 
 with the class facing him, the depth will be too great. 
 
 If the classes line up in two lines on opposite sides of 
 the gymnasium, facing the center, or if the two lines are 
 facing the same way, a sufficient distance apart, twice the 
 number can be handled by these very quick methods. 
 
 The line is supposed to be counted off in fours. 
 
 OPENING ORDER FROM A LINE (FRONT RANK). 
 
 1. To open order in echelon preserving direction. 
 Front iaJce distance, March, Class, Halt. 
 "Number one of each four marches straight to the front, 
 Number two marches off as soon as Number one has ad- 
 vanced the specified number of steps (two paces). Num- 
 bers three and four move off in succession in like manner. 
 The proper distance being attained. Class, Halt, is given." 
 (U. S. A.) 
 
 Note — The al)ove strictly military method may well be 
 varied. It is simpler to assign a number of steps to Num- 
 bers one, two, three, say six, four and two steps, respec- 
 tively, Number four standing in place, and the others 
 start at once at command of March. If space is wanting, 
 
SCHOOL TACTICS. 41 
 
 three, two, and one steps may be taken; if considerable 
 space is available, and bar bells or Indian clubs are to be 
 used, the intervals should be increased. 
 
 (a). To form line from above formation. 
 
 Assemble, March. 
 
 Number one stands in place, the other men move for- 
 ward and close to their proper places in the line. 
 
 2. To open order backward or forward forming two lines 
 at double distance. 
 
 Even numbers one step backward, odd tiumbers one step. 
 forward, March. This may be varied. 
 
 3. To open order after forming column of fours with 
 change of direction 
 
 Fours right, March. 
 
 This forms column of fours, from which any of the 
 methods of class order from that formation may be ob- 
 tained. (See Opening Order from Column of Fours.) 
 
 4. To open order after forming column of fours in same 
 direction 
 
 Right forward, fours right, March. 
 Forming column of fours in same direction (See Open- 
 ing Order from Column of Fours) . 
 
 5. To open order after forming single file. 
 Right, Face. 
 
 Forming column at a halt. (For formation, see Open- 
 ing Order from Single File.) 
 
 6. To open order after forming in marching column of 
 files 
 
 By the right flanh, March. 
 
 Forming single file marching in new direction. (See 
 formations under "Opening Order from Single File.") 
 
42 SCHOOL TACTICS. 
 
 OPENING OKDER FEOM SINGLE FILE. 
 
 1 . Opening order short distance to right and left form- 
 ing two columns at double distance 
 
 Even 7mmhers to right, odd iiumhers to left, two steps, 
 March. 
 
 2. Opening order to right, preserving direction by side 
 step. 
 
 Number' four stands, number three two steps, number 
 two four steps, number one six steps sideivays right, March. 
 
 3. Opening order to the right forming echelon facing 
 right 
 
 Bi/ the right flank number two tivo steps, number three 
 four steps, number four six steps, March. Number one 
 faces to the right and stands fast, the other numbers face 
 and march to the right as directed and halt. 
 
 4- To open order after forming column of fours march- 
 ing in same direction. 
 
 Form fours, right oblique, March. (For formation see 
 Opening Order from Column of Fours.) 
 
 5- To open order after forming column of fours march- 
 ing in new direction 
 
 By the right flanh form fours, March. (See cut No. 
 10.) 
 
 The first four executes "by the right flank" and marches 
 forward, the others follow and execute "by tlie right flank'' 
 hn the place where the first four turned and follow them. 
 
 Note. It is a great saving of time as well as an effective 
 movement to give a command to open orders to the fours 
 as soon as formed, when they come up the floor in open 
 order and can be halted at will. 
 
SCHOOL TACTICS. 
 
 43 
 
 <3y 
 
 i 
 
 h^ 
 
 f 
 
 J^ ^ ^ 
 
 
 ]" 
 
 -l. <-^ 
 
 f 
 
 ■l. .-^ 
 
 
 N ^^ 
 
 
 Cut No. 10. 
 
 ^ 
 
 Opening Order from Single File. No. 5. 
 By the right fla?ik form fours, March. 
 
44 
 
 SCHOOL TACTICS. 
 
 6- To Open order by forming columns of fours and 
 
 marching in new direction. (See cut No. 11.) 
 
 Fours column right, March. 
 
 Number one turns to the right and leads his four to the 
 rigiit. From this formation (which also can be obtained 
 by giving the command : Bij the right flaiik, March, to a 
 column of fours) the following methods of opening order 
 can be used: 
 
 (a) Give separate order Halt for number four first, 
 then numbers three, two, and one, in order, when the class 
 has marched a sufhcient distance forward. 
 
 (l)) Command Halt. Then open order sideways or 
 forward by any method desired. 
 
SCHOOL TACTICS. 
 
 45 
 
 Q^ C«?) 
 
 ^ 1 -I -I 
 
 44- 
 
 C\? C^ 
 
 H -1 ^ ^ 
 
 <>?. 
 
 ^ GvJ C^ ^f. 
 
 ^ ^ H ^ 
 
 ^ 
 
 Cut No. 11. 
 Opening Order from Single File. Ko. 6. 
 Fours, column right, March. 
 
46 SCHOOL TACTlCa 
 
 7. To open ranks to tlie right in fours, (See cut No. 12.) 
 Fours open ranks right obliquely forward, arms length 
 distance, March. 
 
 On command March, number one stands fast, the 
 others oblique to the right, number four being furthest out, 
 until all are even with number one and at arms* length 
 distance from each other facing to the front. 
 
SCHOOL TACTICS. 
 
 47 
 
 G^ 
 
 ■W 
 
 '"^ C<S Gs? 
 
 .^). 
 
 >Q^ 
 
 •<S^ 
 
 V« «^. Gv? 
 
 Cut No. 12. 
 
 Opening Order from Single File. No. 7. 
 Fours open ranks obliquely, forward, arms length 
 distance, March. 
 
48 SCHOOL TACTICS. 
 
 OPENINa ORDER FROM COLU^IN OF FOURS. 
 
 1 . To open order to one side. 
 
 (a) To the right talce intervals, March. 
 "At the command niarch^ the- man at the left flank 
 stands fast; the other men face to the right and step off, 
 each man halting faced to the front when he has the proper 
 interval.'^ (U. S. A.) (The proper military interval is 
 two paces, "four paces when armed.") 
 To regain column of fours. 
 {a) To the left assemble, March. 
 "The man on the left flank stands fast, the others close, 
 reversing the previous formation." (U. S. A.) 
 
 2. To open order to both sides. 
 
 (a) Open order from center double arms* length 
 
 distance, March. 
 
 Numbers one and two side step to the right, nutnbers 
 
 three and four to the left, raising both arms. When hands 
 
 do not touch neighbors' hands, stand and drop arms to the 
 
 side. 
 
 3. To open order to both sides by encircling. 
 
 {a) By encircling rear numhers tivo and three six 
 steps open order^ March. 
 Numbers one and four remain standing. Number two 
 faces three-eighths turn to the right, number three three- 
 eighths turn to the left, and in six steps passing rear form 
 to the side of numbers one and four, respectively, in a 
 straight line. This can also l)e done with onGreighth turn, 
 passing to the front, by the command — By encircling front, 
 etc. 
 4- To open order to the front. 
 
SCHOOL TACTICS. 49 
 
 Front take distance, March. 
 
 Or other methods mentioned under "Opening order from 
 line." 
 
 TRANSFORMATION'S. 
 Changing from Line to Column and from Column to Line. 
 
 In addition to the regular military tactics, there are 
 many ways of transforming the rank and file for educa- 
 tional and exhibition work. 
 
 These tactics are not based on the military code, but aro 
 nevertheless useful for gymnastic purposes. Under this 
 heading we make the following subdivisions : From a line 
 or column, transformations by 
 
 1. Obliquing. 
 
 2. Following. 
 
 3. Right angles. 
 4.. Evading. 
 
 5. Encircling. 
 
50 SCHOOL TACTICS. 
 
 1- (a) By obliquing from a line. 
 
 -\ -\ ■{ -\ 
 
 Form left ohliquely forward, March. (Four counts.) 
 This can also be executed to rear, 
 (b) By obliquing from column. 
 
 Form to left ohliquely forward, March. (Four counts.) 
 
 (c) Form to right and left alternately ohliquely for- 
 ward, March. (Fouk counts?) 
 
SCHOOL TACTICS. 
 
 51 
 
 Combinations : 
 
 (a) Form to the left ohUquely forward and form right 
 in front obliquely forward, March. (Eight counts.) 
 
 2 (a) With following. (From column.) 
 
 Form to the right forward following, Maech. 
 
 Number one remains standing, number two executes 
 right face marches one step forward, executes left face, 
 takes one step forward, and forms to the right of number 
 
ro SCHOOL TACTICS. 
 
 one. Number three follows number two, taking one step 
 more in direction of first turn and then forms next to num- 
 ber two.' Number four adds one step in each direction. 
 
 (b) Form in front passing right, following, March. 
 
 3 
 2 
 
 3 
 
 Number one remains standing. Numbers two^^ three and 
 four proceed as above. ^ 3 ^ 
 
 3- By right angles from line. 
 
 (a) Form right in front at right angles, March. 
 
 
SCHOOL TACTICS. 53 
 
 Xumber one remains standing. Numbers two, three and 
 four take as many steps forward as they are number in line, 
 execute right face, and with the same number of steps for- 
 ward again and a left face form in front of number one. 
 (Eight counts.) 
 
 / 
 
 Z 
 3 
 
 4- 
 
 K 
 
 (b) Form to the right forward at right angles, March. 
 
 4. (a) By evading from line. 
 
 si 
 
 4- 
 
 H 
 
 Form right in rear closing step evading forward, March. 
 
54 
 
 SCHOOL TACTICS. 
 
 Num))Gr one steps forward three steps. Number two 
 steps right sideways, closes left, then takes another step 
 right sideways and steps forward in direction of number 
 one with left foot. Others follow, all beginning with 
 right foot. 
 
 (b) By evading from column. 
 
 -< — 
 
 Form to right forward evading left sideways. Cross- 
 step, March. All begin with left foot. 
 
 5- (a) By encircling from line forming line. 
 
 ^^v X "^ 
 
 ^32 1 Z 34^ 
 
 Form to right by encircling front, March. 
 
 Number one remains standing, numbers two, three and 
 four execute an eighth turn right and in a semicircle form 
 to the right of number one. On arriving at place they 
 face three-eighths face left to a line on the ball of the 
 right foot, closing with left foot. All begin with left foot. 
 
SCHOOL TACTICS. 
 
 (b) By encircling from line to a column. 
 
 55 
 
 Form right in rear encircling front, March. 
 
 Number one remains standing, number two, three, four 
 execute an eighth turn right and in arc encircle number 
 one, passing front, form in rear of number one and face as 
 number one. 
 
56 
 
 SCHOOL TACTICS. 
 
 CLASS FORMATIONS FOR ELEMENTARY 
 SCHOOLS 
 
 Class formation in the elementary schools is a distinct 
 problem on account of the supreme importance of saving 
 time. Every moment is needed for the gymnastic lesson 
 proper. On this score all formations based on "counting 
 off" are debarred. Where the usual number of absentees is 
 not large enough to make it objectionable, permanent num- 
 bers may be assigned, and the simpler of the formations al- 
 ready described used. 
 
 As variety, rather than uniformity, is desirable, the 
 methods here given are intended to be merely suggestive. 
 Conditions vary greatly, and each case must be considered 
 on its own merits. The way that is most direct and ef- 
 fective, under the special conditions, is the one to be chosen. 
 The chief considerations are : Number and age of pupils ; 
 shape and size of the room ; location and number of appar- 
 atus racks; location of entrances. Attention to these and 
 other details may reveal some plan that is particularly well 
 adapted to each school. 
 
 There should be at least two racks for apparatus, one on 
 each side of the entrance to the gymnasium. These should 
 be unlocked for the entire period in each half-day session in 
 which the gymnasium is in use. 
 
 "Sizing" should be accomplished as line places are taken 
 in the classroom (when no change of costume is made), or 
 upon the command Fall In^ when pupils assemble in the 
 gymnasium. It is frequently possilde to take advantage of 
 
SCHOOL TACTICS. 57 
 
 the existence of "sized" rows of pupils as they sit in the 
 chissroom, as for Formations 2 and 6. (See below.) 
 
 Double rank is preferred as being speedier and giving a 
 shorter line to oversee. It is necessary to use the single file 
 formation in case there is only one apparatus rack. 
 Apparatus should be taken from, and returned to, the 
 last, not the first, place in the rack that the pupil passes. 
 The lines should be reversed in leaving the gymnasium, so 
 that each piece of apparatus may be returned to its own 
 place. This is imperative only when the pieces of apparatus 
 vary in size. Apparatus should be carried in a designated 
 noiseless way until the instant of being returned quietly to 
 place. Where there is but one rack, the distribution of some 
 apparatus, as wands or bar bells, may be facilitated by sup- 
 plying several monitors to hand them out as the class 
 marches to place. 
 
 The marching in hallways and on stairs is a part of the 
 lesson, and should be as perfect as possible. 
 
 The formal commands may be omitted, and the process of 
 going upon the floor reduced to a routine procedure. The 
 columns will usually cover leaders, securing a correct align- 
 ment from front to rear ; the ranks will dress right or left 
 upon the designated or usual guide. The interval between 
 the leaders of columns and between the guides may be left 
 to their individual judgment, or it may be corrected by 
 '^'taking distance" in one of several ways. 
 
 It is possible to execute all the movements of these for- 
 mations in double time, and it is suggested that it be tried 
 as soon as a class is proficient in the formation in quick 
 time. 
 
58 SCHOOL TACTICS. 
 
 FOEMATIONS. 
 
 1. By threes (fours, etc.), form columns, March. (See 
 cut No. 1.) 
 
 The leader of each of the two lines, which are marching 
 down the middle of the floor toward the rear of the room, 
 executes a column right or left away from the center, the 
 next two units following the leader. All six stop and face 
 the front after gaining the necessary interval. They are 
 the leaders of the columns. The other pupils execute the 
 same maneuver in successive threes, after passing byond 
 the first three. 
 
 This formation is equally effective for single rank. 
 To Assemble. 
 
 Assemble, March. 
 
 All face outward and, following the leaders, form lines. 
 
SCHOOL TACTICS. 
 
 59 
 
 5. Maze runs Nos. 1 and 2 may be used to 1 
 
 place pupils in position on the floor, J '^ J '^ 
 
 the command Halt being given when ' 
 they are in proper position. 
 
 N N ^ ^'" H" H 
 
 I- I- M M I- h K -^ ^ 
 
 N fej H 
 
 Cut No. 1. 
 By threes form columns, March. 
 
 
 i=* ^ 
 
gQ SCHOOL TACTICS. 
 
 2 (a). Form columns of sixes (sevens^ etc.), March. 
 (See cut No. 2.) 
 
 Marching down the side of the room the leader of the first 
 six turns across at the back of the room, and then executes 
 a column right or left toward the front. The leader of each 
 of the other sixes executes a similar movement, turning to- 
 ward the front at a proper interval from the six in front of 
 his. 
 
 For this formation pupils should be "sized'' in sixes. The 
 rows of pupils as they sit at desks in the class room should 
 be utilized when it is possible ; and in this case the pupils 
 should leave the class room with the row on the left (or 
 the right) side of the room leading. 
 To Assemble. 
 
 Assemble, March. 
 
 The pupils close order to the front, and the line first in 
 the gymnasium is the first to leave. 
 
SCHOOL TACTICS. 61 
 
 ^ <^ <s<;i ^ ^ ^ 
 
 ^H ^ ^ H H ^--^ 
 
 I ^ (3.^ -^ ^^ »^ "^ 
 
 I — ^ ^ ^ H ^ 
 
 
 ^ -?-, <S9 (S<t) ^ ^ ^ 
 
 I- I- F h h h I- h F h h F 
 
 > 
 
 ■^ - i^ 
 
g2 SCHOOL TACTICS. 
 
 2 (I)). Form line, March. 
 
 This formation will place the pupils on the floor in the 
 positions corresponding to their seats in the class room, 
 as in the preceding formation, and differs from it in order 
 that a different method may be used in leaving the class 
 room. The pupils in the front seats will become the leaders 
 of the columns on the floor; these leave the room at the 
 head of the line, followed in turn by those on the second 
 row, these in turn by the third, so that the last to leave the 
 room are the pupils in the rear instead of those at the side 
 as in the previous formation. 
 
 On entering the gymnasium the line proceeds to the rear, 
 the leaders march across till they arrive at the proper places 
 for their columns, turn to the front and march forward 
 abreast, preserving the proper distances. They stop at desig- 
 nated points and either halt without command or mark 
 time till the command is given. The facing and stepping 
 off at the rear of the room may well be done on command 
 Face, March^ until they are proficient. 
 To Assemble. 
 
 Assemhle, March. 
 
 The leaders execute a right flank and march off, the next 
 rank marches forward, executes a right flank on the same 
 ground and follow ; the others proceed similarly. 
 3. To form lines of fours, fives, etc., from single rank. 
 
 By the rigid flanh form column of fours, March. 
 
 (See cut No. 10, page 48.) 
 
 At the command March, the first four executes a right 
 flank and steps off in the new direction ; the next four con- 
 tinues to march until it can execute the right flank on the 
 
SCHOOL TACTICS. >^o 
 
 same ground as the first four; it tlien executes the right 
 flank and follows the first four. After the fours have ob- 
 tained their positions on the floor, it will be necessary to 
 open order. (For methods see "Opening Order From Col- 
 umn of Fours," page 48.) 
 To Assemble. 
 
 In fours hij the right flanh, March. 
 The leading four executes a right flank and marches off, 
 the other fours march forward and execute a right flank' on 
 the same ground following the first four. 
 4. From one or more columns in single rank. 
 
 Fortvard at two (three, etc), paces, column countermarch 
 left and right alternatelij , March. 
 
 The leader executes a countermarch left; the next pupil 
 countermarches right, and so on alternately. When the 
 number of paces is included in the command, the designated 
 number of steps will be taken outward away from the orig- 
 inal line, instead of the usual one step. 
 To Assemble. 
 
 Forward (at two paces, etc.), column, countermarch left 
 and right alternately, March. 
 
 Single rank is found by executing the appropriate column 
 countermarch left or right. 
 
 Note. See definitions of column and rank, and descrip- 
 tion of countermarch. 
 
(5=^ FIGURES (r=^ 
 
 FOR MAZE 
 
 RUNNING 
 
 (^ 
 
 "% /f= 
 
 ■^ 
 
 o b 
 
66 
 
 MAZE RUNS. 
 
 U 
 
 No. 1 
 
 '\f\j 
 
 No. 2 
 
 an 
 
 iuu uli 
 
 No. 
 
MAZE RUNS. 
 
 67 
 
 No. 4 
 
 i-yhh 
 
 No. 6 
 
68 
 
 MAZE RUNS. 
 
 No. 7 
 
MAZE RUNS. 
 
 69 
 
 No. 8 
 
70 
 
 BtAZE RUNS. 
 
 i^r^ 
 
 W 
 
 No. 9 
 
 *!.♦ 
 
 No. 10 
 
MAZE RUNS. 
 
 71 
 
 No. 11 
 
 No. 12 
 
72 
 
 MAZE RUNS. 
 
 No. 13 
 
 
 Na 14 
 
MAZE RUNS. 
 
 No. 15 
 
 No, 16 
 
74 MAZE RUNS. 
 
 >yJL_^*»*» 
 
 No. 17 
 
 000 
 
 No. 18 
 
MAZE RUNS. 
 
 V_4" 
 
 75 
 
 4 
 ^ 
 
 No. 19 
 
 r 
 
 A,. 
 
 V 
 
 No. 20 
 
 ?? 
 
 1"M'^<<<4 
 
 JO 
 
76 
 
 MAZE RUNS. 
 
 oljn] 
 
 No. 22 
 
MAZE RUNS. 
 
 77 
 
 No. 23 
 
 FINISH 
 
 CNkD 
 
 START 
 
 No. 24 
 
 LofG. 
 
78 
 
 MAZE RUNS. 
 
 No. 25 
 
 N0..2S 
 
MAZE BUNS. 
 
 79 
 
 
 No. 27 
 
 START 
 
 No. 28 
 
80 
 
 MAZE RUNS. 
 
 4^ i^ 4^ 4 
 
 / I \ 
 
 No. 29 
 
THE FINEST EQUIPPED GYMNASIUM 
 IN THE WORLD 
 
 The progress made in the manufacture and the mechanical perfection of the 
 various gymnastic appliances shown in the complete gymnasium installed by 
 A. G. Spalding & Bros, at the World's Fair, demonstrated that the firm is alive 
 to the imperative need of the times. Physical training is being rapidly advanced 
 and in the congested sections of the country it is a growing problem how to pro- 
 vide for the new conditions. This is particularly true in public school work and 
 similar institutions. Real estate in large cities is extremely valuable, and as a 
 consequence, gymnasiums are often reduced in size and wholly inadequate to 
 the growing needs. This means that the apparatus of the past of a fixed or 
 cumbersome character must be superseded by appliances that may be rapidly 
 and conveniently handled in a manner to accommodate the constantly increasing 
 number of boys and girls needing systematic physical development. 
 
 A. G. Spalding & Bros., who outfitted the complete gymnasium at the World's 
 Fair and received the Grand Prize and Gold Medal in competition for their ex- 
 hibit, are to be congratulated on their enterprise. 
 
 LIST OF APPARATUS INSTALLED 
 20 No. OR Robert Reach Triplicate 
 
 Chest Machines. 
 20 Special Rowing Attachments. 
 1 New Style Spalding Wrist Roll. 
 
 1 No. 50A Quarter Circle. 
 25 Sections Bar Stalls. 
 
 25 Bar Stall Benches. 
 
 2 No. 200 Neily Patent Bom. 
 
 6 Bar Saddles. [and Vaulting Bars. 
 
 3 Special Combination Horizontal 
 1 Suspended Horizontal Bar — to 
 
 swing up — Special. 
 1 No. 83 Low Parallel. 
 3 New Style Spalding Parallel 
 
 Bars — Special. 
 3 No. 25 Jump Boards. 
 3 No. Vaulting Horses. 
 3 Pairs Special Jump Stands. 
 3 Grasshopper Spring Boards. 
 3 No. 520 Storming Boards. 
 1 No. 207 Vaulting Box, 
 1 No. 28 Incline Board. 
 3 Pairs No. 125 Flying Rings. 
 8 No. 126 Traveling Rings. 
 12 No. 98 Climbing Ropes. 
 1 4(J-ft. Ladder and Braces. 
 
 1 Horizontal Window Ladder. 
 
 2 Vertical Window Ladders. 
 
 2 Striking Bag Discs and Bags. 
 11 5 ft. X 10-ft. X 2-in. Mats. 
 
 3 5-ft. X 6-f t. X 2-in. Mats. 
 3 3-ft. X 10-ft. X 2-in. Mats. 
 3 3-ft. X 5-ft. X 2-in. Mats. 
 
 1 Tumbling Mattress— 5 ft. x 15 
 
 ft. X 8 in., curled hair. 
 
 2 Pairs Official Basket Ball Goals. 
 2 Pairs Official Screens for Basket 
 
 Ball Goals. 
 2 No. M Official Basket Balls. 
 2 No. 1 Medicine Balls. 
 2 No. 2 Medicine Balls. 
 8 No. 3 Medicine Balla. 
 
 IN WORLD'S FAIR GYMNASIUM. 
 6 Medicine Ball Racks. 
 50 Pairs 1-2-lb. Model Dumb Belli. 
 50 Pairs 1-lb. Model Dumb Bells. 
 50 Pairs 1-lb. Indian Clubs. 
 50 Pairs 1 1-2-lb. Indian Clubs. 
 200 Pairs Club and Bell Hangers, on 
 stands. 
 4 Dozen Wands. 
 4 Dozen. Bar Bells. 
 2 Wand Racks. 
 4 Dozen Savage Bar Bells. 
 8 Dozen Hangers for Bar Bells. 
 20 Head Gears. 
 20 Foot Gears. 
 
 1 Set Ring Hockey. 
 
 2 Sets Rope Quoits. 
 
 50 Bean Bags and Cabinet. 
 
 2 Sets Shuffleboard. 
 50 Rubber Balls and Cabinet. 
 
 4 8-ft. Jump Ropes. 
 
 4 20-ft. Jump Ropes. 
 
 1 Volley Ball Outfit. 
 
 4 Jump Frames. 
 50 Nickel Wands. 
 
 1 Wand Cabinet mounted on rollem 
 for nickeled wands. 
 
 1 Game Cabinet. 
 50 Grace Hoops. 
 
 2 Grace Hoop Racks. 
 
 1 Pair Physician's Scales. 
 
 1 Stadiometer. feter. 
 
 1 Chest, Back and Loin Dynamom* 
 
 1 Chinning Bar. 
 
 1 Pair Wall Parallels. 
 
 1 Chin Gauge. 
 
 1 Wet Spirometer. 
 
 1 Dozen Glass Mouth Pieces. 
 
 1 Pair Chest Calipers. 
 
 1 Pair Shoulder Calipers. j 
 
 1 Spirometer — shelf. i 
 
 1 Dynamometer for Grip. 
 
Cut No. 1 — The above is a combiuation piece of wall apparatus which 
 may be used as a rowing weight, bacli and loin pulley, direct chest 
 pulley with upright backboard, or intercostal overhead pulleys. 
 Either set of handles is always ready for use, and requires no 
 adjustment. 
 
Cut No. 4— Shows a combined horizontal and vaulting bar of en- 
 tirely new construction. The bars are suspended by overhead 
 guys and these guys are tightened and the bar thrown into po- 
 sition at the floor by the use of one lever on each upright. The 
 principle is radically new, and is certainly most successfully 
 applied. The bar requires only two floor plates and two points 
 of attachment at the floor, eliminating the spread of guys, 
 thereby saving floor space and greatly facilitating the handling 
 of the apparatus in clearing the floor for other work. 
 
Cut No. 5 — Illustrates a pair or parallel Itars, the design of which 
 was particularly commended by the entire body of Turn Verein 
 representatives who used them in the Olympic gymnastic con- 
 tests. , , . . 
 
c 
 
 5^ 
 
 cfl 
 
 0) 
 
 
 v?i 
 
 ^ 
 
 s 
 
 6 
 
 4-> 
 
 § 
 
 E 
 
 > 
 
 (X 
 
 3i 
 
 E 
 
 c 
 
 s^ 
 
 
 0) 
 
 
 ^ 
 
 B 
 
 
 n) 
 
 
 -i 
 
 CS 
 
 
 bi 
 
 m 
 
 Hi 
 
 
 ill 
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 ill 
 
 xX ^ 
 
 < 
 
 S 
 
 
 
 ^ 
 
 c 
 o 
 
 lU 
 
 (OS ox; 
 
 H 5 £ ^ 
 
 
 
 
 
 i a a) £-r^ 
 
 .2 jc 2" 0) "^ -ij "i •« 
 ,„ § ° $ bcrt gj.2 c 
 
 ^ -5 a o c.-^ • - > "^ 
 
 aS|-2 SS.a5S3 
 a) c 0) 3 >> i*^ 2 s; 
 ^a)3cbcooS'=-'2 
 
SPECIAL AWAeD>"»GeAIND PRIZE 
 
 were won bv A. G. SPALDING & BROS, at the Louisiana Purchase Expo- 
 sition 1904. for the best, most complete and most attractive installation of 
 Gymnastic Apparatus and Athletic Supplies shown at the World s Fair. 
 
 ==^ 
 
 DURAND LOCKERS 
 
 WERE USED EXCLUSIVELY IN THE GYMNASIUM 
 OF THE PHYSICAL CULTURE DEPARTMENT 
 AT THE WORLD'S FAIR AND RECEIVED THE 
 
 GRAND PRIZE 
 
 FOR BEING THE BEST, MOST COMPLETE AND 
 SERVICEABLE LOCKER MADE 
 
 DURAND LOCKER CO. 
 
 Chi 
 
 icago, 
 
Special Award and Grand Prize 
 
 were won by A. G. SPALDING & BROS, at the Louisiana Purchase Expo- 
 sition, 1904, for the best, most complete and most attractive installation of 
 Gymnastic Apparatus and Athletic Supplies shown at the World's Fair. 
 
 Spalding Championship Hainmer 
 
 BALL-BEARING SWIVEL 
 
 'PHE SPALDING CHAMPIONSHIP Originally de- 
 * BALL-BEARING HAMMER, signed by 
 
 John Flanagan, the champion of the world, has been 
 highly endorsed only after repeated trials in champ- 
 ionship events. The benefits of the ball-bearing con- 
 struction will be quickly appreciated by all hammer 
 throwers. Each hammer put up complete in sole 
 leather carrying case. 
 
 No. 02. 12-Ib., with sole leather case. $12.00 
 
 No. 06. 16-Ib., with sole leather case. 12.00 
 
 No. 02X. 12 -lb., without sole leather case. 10.00 
 
 No. 06X. 16-lb., without sole leather case. 10.00 
 
 A. G. SPALDING & BROS. 
 
 New York Chicago St. Louis Washington San Francisco 
 
 Boston Minneapolis Baltimore Kansas City New Orleans 
 
 Buffalo Philadelphia Denver Pittsburg Syracuse 
 
 Cincinnati Montreal, Can. London, England 
 
SPECIAL AWARD AND GRAND PRIZE 
 
 were won by A. G. SPALDING & BROS, at the Louisiana Purchase Expo- 
 sition 1904, for the best, most complete and most attractive installation of 
 Gymnastic' Apparatus and Athletic Supplies shown at the World's fair. 
 
 Spalding's New Regulation Hammer 
 With Wire Handle 
 
 Lead each 
 
 No. 9. 12-lb., Lead, Practice, $4.25 
 No. 10. 16-lb., Lead,Regulation,4.50 
 
 Iron EACH 
 
 No. 12. 8-lb., Iron, Juvenile, $2.50 
 No. 14. 12-lb., Iron, Practice, 3.00 
 No. 15. 16-lb., Iron, Regulation, 3.25 
 
 Extra Wire Handles EACH 
 No. 6H. For above hammers, 50c. 
 
 Shot 
 
 No. 19. 
 
 16-lb., 
 
 Lead. 
 
 Each, $2.50 
 
 No. 21. 
 
 12-lb. 
 
 Lead. 
 
 2.25 
 
 No. 23. 
 
 16-lb. 
 
 Iron. 
 
 1.75 
 
 No. 25. 
 
 12-lb. 
 
 Iron. 
 
 L50 
 
 No. 18. 
 
 8-lb. 
 
 Iron. 
 
 '' L25 
 
 A. G. SPALDING & BROS. 
 
 New York 
 
 Boston 
 
 Buffalo 
 
 Chicago 
 
 Minneapolis 
 
 Philadelphia 
 
 St. Louis 
 
 Baltimore 
 
 Denver 
 
 Cincinnati 
 
 Montreal, Can. 
 
 Washington San Francisco 
 Kansas City New Orleans 
 Pittsburg Syracuse 
 
 London, England 
 
SPECIAL AWARD»»(ieAND PRIZE 
 
 were won by A. G. SPALDING & BROS, at the Louisiana Purchase Expo- 
 sition, 1904, for the best, most complete and most attractive installation of 
 Gymnastic Apparatus and Athletic Supplies shown at the World's fair. 
 
 Indoor Shot 
 
 With our improved leather cover. 
 
 Does not lose weight even when 
 used constantly. 
 
 No. 3. 12-lb. IndoorShot. Each,$7.00 
 No. 4. 16-lb. Indoor Shot. . . "7.50 
 
 No. 26. 8-lb. Indoor Shot. . . " 5.00 
 
 Regulation 
 
 56-lb. 
 
 Weights 
 
 Made after model 
 submitted by Cham- 
 pion J. S. Mitchel, 
 and endorsed by all 
 weight throwers. 
 Packed in box and 
 guaranteed correct 
 in weight and in ex- 
 act accordance with 
 rules of A. A. U. 
 No. 2 
 Lead 56-lb. Weights 
 Complete, $8.50 
 
 A. C. SPALDING & BROS. 
 
 New York 
 
 Boston 
 
 Buffalo 
 
 Cincinnati 
 
 Chicago 
 
 Minneapolis 
 
 Philadelphia 
 
 St. Louis 
 Baltimore 
 Denver 
 
 Montreal, Can. 
 
 Washington San Francisco 
 Kansas City New Orleans 
 Pittsburg Syracuse 
 
 London, England 
 
SPECIAL AWARD»<:eAND PRIZE 
 
 were won by A. G. SPALDING & BROS, at the Louisiana Purchase Expo- 
 sition, 1904. for the best, most complete and most attractive installation of 
 Gymnastic Apparatus and Athletic Supplies shown at the World's Fair. 
 
 Take-off Board 
 
 
 The Take-off Board is used for the running broad 
 
 jump and is a necessary adjunct to the athletic field. 
 
 Regulation size, top painted white. 
 
 Each, $3.00 
 
 Toe Board or Stop Board 
 
 The Toe Board or Stop Board is used when putting 
 
 the 16-lb. shot, throwing weights and discus, and 
 
 is curved on the arc of a 7-foot circle. 
 
 Regulation size, painted white, substantially made. 
 
 Each, $3.50 
 
 Spalding's handsomely illustrated catalogue of athletic goods 
 mailed free to any address. 
 
 A. C. SPALDING & BROS. 
 
 New York 
 
 Boston 
 
 Buffalo 
 
 Cincinnati 
 
 Chicago 
 
 Minneapolis 
 
 Philadelphia 
 
 St. Louis 
 
 Baltimore 
 
 Denver 
 
 Montreal, Can. 
 
 Washington San Francisco 
 Kansas City New Orleans 
 Pittsburg Syracuse 
 
 London, England 
 
Special Award and Grand Prize 
 
 were won by A. G SPALDING & BROS, at the Louisiana Purchase Expo- 
 sition, 1904, for the best, most complete and most attractive installation of 
 Gymnastic Apparatus and Athletic Supplies shown at the World's Fair. 
 
 VAULTING STANDARD. 
 AND 
 POLE5. 
 
 Vaulting Standards 
 
 No. 109. Wooden uprights, graduated in quarter inches, adjustable to 12 feet. 
 
 Complete, $15.00 
 
 No. 110. Wooden uprights, inch graduations, adjustable to 10 feet, $10.00 
 
 No. 111. Wooden uprights, inch graduations, 7 feet high. 7.00 
 
 Cross Bars 
 
 No. 112. Hickory. Per doz., $3.00 
 
 No. 113. Pine. Per doz., $2.00 
 
 A. C. SPALDING &. BROS. 
 
 New York Chicago St. Louis 
 
 Boston Minneapolis Baltimore 
 
 Buffalo Philadelphia Denver 
 
 Cincinnati Montreal, Can. 
 
 Washington 
 Kansas City 
 Pittsburg 
 
 San Francisco 
 New Orleans 
 Syracuse 
 
 London, England 
 
SPECIAL AWARDanoGRAIND PRIZE 
 
 were won by A. G. SPALDING & BROS, at the Louisiana Purchase Expo- 
 sition, 1904, for the best, most complete and most attractive installation of 
 Gymnastic Apparatus and Athletic Supplies shown at the World's Fair. 
 
 Vaulting Poles — Selected Spruce 
 No. lOO. 8 feet long, solid. . Each, $3.00 
 No. lOI- 10 feet long, solid. . '' 4.00 
 
 No. I02. 12 feet long, solid. . '' 5,00 
 
 No. I03. 14 feet long, solid. . '' 6.00 
 
 Hollow Spruce Poles 
 
 Considerably lighter than the solid poles, and the 
 special preparation with which we fill the interior of 
 pole greatly increases the strength and stiffness. 
 
 No. 200- 
 No. 20 I . 
 No. 202. 
 No. 203. 
 
 8 feet long, hollow. 
 10 feet long, hollow. 
 12 feet long, hollow. 
 14 feet long, hollow. 
 
 Each, $8.00 
 8.50 
 9.00 
 9.50 
 
 Spalding's Olympic Discus 
 
 An exact reproduction of the discus used in the 
 Olympic games at Athens, Greece, by Ro.bert Gar- 
 rett, of Princeton, the winner. Sealed in box and 
 guaranteed absolutely correct. 
 Each, $5.00 
 
 A. C. SPALDING & BROS. 
 
 New York Chicago 
 Boston Minneapolis 
 
 Buffalo Philadelphia 
 
 Cincinnati 
 
 St. Louis 
 Baltimore 
 Denver 
 Montreal, Can. 
 
 Washington 
 Kansas City 
 Pittsburg 
 
 San Francisco 
 New Orleans 
 Syracuse 
 
 London, England 
 
SPEaAL AWAR»«»fieAIND PRIZE 
 
 were won by A. G. SPALDING & BROS, at the Louisiana Purchase Expo- 
 sition, 1904, for the best, most complete and most attractive installation of 
 Gymnastic Apparatus and Athletic Supplies shown at the World's Fair. 
 
 Running Pants 
 
 White or black Sateen, fly 
 
 front, lace back. 
 
 No. 1. 
 
 Per pair, $1.25 
 
 White or black Sateen, lace 
 back, fly front. 
 
 No. 2. 
 Per pair; $1.00 
 
 White or black Silesia fly front, lace back. 
 
 No. 3. 
 
 Per pair, 75c. 
 
 White or black Silesia, fly front, lace back. 
 
 No. 4. 
 
 Per pair, 50c. 
 
 White Silesia, fly front, lace back. 
 
 No. 6. 
 
 Per pair, 35c. 
 
 Stripes down sides of any of these running pants, 
 25 cents per pair extra. 
 
 A. C. SPALDING & BROS. 
 
 New York Chicago 
 Boston Minneapolis 
 
 Buffalo Philadelphia 
 
 Cincinnati 
 
 St. Louis Washington San Francisco 
 
 Baltimore Kansas City New Orleans 
 
 Denver Pittsburg Syracuse 
 
 Montreal, Can. London, England 
 
Special Award and Grand Prize 
 
 were won by A. G. SPALDING & BROS, at the Louisiana Purchase Expo- 
 sition, 1904, for the best, most complete and most attractive installation of 
 Gymnastic Apparatus and Athletic Supplies shown at the World's Fair. 
 
 SLEEVELESS SHIRTS 
 
 Best Worsted, full fashioned, 
 
 stock colors and sizes. 
 No. IE. . . Each, $2.7 5 
 
 Cut Worsted, stock colors and 
 
 sizes. 
 No. 600. . Each, $1 .25 
 
 Mercerized Cotton, natural 
 
 color and light blue only. 
 
 No. 6EM. . Each, $ I .OO 
 
 Other colors to order; prices 
 
 on application. 
 
 Sanitary Cotton, stock colors and sizes. 
 
 No. 6E. Each, 50c_ 
 
 QUARTER SLEEVE SHIRTS 
 
 Best Worsted, full fashioned, 
 stock colors and sizes. 
 
 No. IF. . Each, $2.7 5 
 
 Cut Worsted, stock colors 
 and sizes. 
 
 No. 60I . Each, $1 .25 
 
 Sanitary Cotton, stock colors 
 and sizes. 
 
 No. 6F. 
 
 Each, 50c 
 
 A. C. SPALDING &. BROS. 
 
 New York 
 
 Boston 
 
 Buffalo 
 
 Cincinnati 
 
 Chicago 
 
 Minneapolis 
 
 Philadelphia 
 
 St. Louis 
 Baltimore 
 .Denver 
 Montreal, Can. 
 
 Washington San Francisco 
 
 Kansas City New Orleans 
 
 Pittsburg Syracuse 
 
 London, England 
 
Special Award and Grand Prize 
 
 were won by A. G. SPALDING & BROS, at the Louisiana Purchase Expo- 
 sition, 1904, for the best, most complete and most attractive installation of 
 Gymnastic Apparatus and Athletic Supplies shown at the World's Fair. 
 
 Spalding Patented 
 Running and Jumping Shoes 
 
 (Patented December 2, 1902) 
 
 Their merits speak for themselves. The most successful 
 runners and hurdlers use these shoes. 
 
 In these shoes the spikes cannot by any possibility come in 
 contact with the foot. The rubber sole is an assistance, in 
 that it is partly underneath the spike, and therefore acts in the 
 nature of a cushion, and our patented principle enables us to 
 place the spikes so that they will not come loose after being 
 wet, as water has no effect on the rubber sole. We also claim 
 that on account of the non-slippable purchase a runner obtains 
 with this sole, he is able to make a quicker start than is possi- 
 ble with a shoe of ordinary construction. 
 
 No. O. Per pair, $3.00 
 
 A. C. SPALDING & BROS. 
 
 New York 
 
 Boston 
 
 Buffalo 
 
 Cincinnati 
 
 Chicago 
 
 Minneapolis 
 
 Philadelphia 
 
 St. Louis 
 Baltimore 
 Denver 
 Montreal, Can. 
 
 Washing-ton San Francisco 
 
 Kansas City New Orleans 
 
 Pittsburg Syracuse 
 
 London, England 
 
Special Award and Grand Prize 
 
 xSre won by A. G SPALDING & BROS, at the Louisiana Purchase Expo- 
 sition, 1904. for the best, most complete and most attractive instal ation of 
 Gymnastic Apparatus and Athletic Supphes shown at the World s Fair. 
 
 Spalding Patented 
 Running and Jumping Shoes 
 
 No. 15H 
 
 Same as No. O, but short spikes for indoor running. 
 
 No. 120. Per pair, $3.00 
 
 Made on same principle as our patented running shoe, but 
 
 with two spikes in heel. This heel is made of rubber and acts 
 
 as a perfect cushion, stopping all jar, thus doing away with 
 
 disadvantage possessed by ordinary jumping shoes. 
 
 No. 13H. Per pair, $6.00 
 
 Same as No. 15H, but short spikes for indoor jumping. 
 
 No. 110. Per pair, $3.30 
 
 Scalding's handsomely illustrated catalogue of athletic goods 
 mailed free to any address. 
 
 A. C. SPALDING & BROS. 
 
 New York Chicago St. Louis 
 
 Boston Minneapolis Baltimore 
 
 Buffalo Philadelphia Denver 
 
 Cincinnati Montreal, Can. 
 
 Washington San Franiscco 
 
 Kansas City New Orleans 
 
 Pittsburg Syracuse 
 
 London, England 
 
Special Award and Grand Prize 
 
 were won by A. G. SPALDING & BROS, at the Louisiana Purchase Expo- 
 sition, 1904, for the best, most complete and most attractive installation of 
 Gymnastic Apparatus and Athletic Supplies shown at the World's Fair. 
 
 Running 
 Shoes 
 
 This Running Shoe is 
 made of the finest 
 Kangaroo Leather; 
 extremely Hght and 
 glove - fitting; best 
 English steel spikes 
 firmly riveted on. 
 
 No. 2-0 
 Pair, $3.00 
 
 Finest Calfskin Run- 
 ning Shoe; light 
 weight, hand-made, 
 six spikes. 
 
 No. 10 
 Pair, $4.00 
 
 Spalding's handsomely illustrated catalogue of athletic goods 
 mailed free to any address. 
 
 A. G. SPALDING & BROS. 
 
 New York Chicago St. Louis 
 
 Boston Minneapolis Baltimore 
 
 Buffalo Philadelphia Denver 
 
 Cincinnati Montreal, Can. 
 
 Washington San Francisco 
 
 Kansas City New Orleans 
 
 Pittsburg Syracuse 
 
 London, England 
 
SPEaHL AWARD^CiRAIND PRIZE 
 
 were won by A. G. SPALDING & BROS, at the Louisiana Purchase Expo- 
 sition, 1904, for the best, most complete and most attractive installation of 
 Gymnastic Apparatus and Athletic Supplies shown at the World's fair. 
 
 INDOOR RUNNING SHOES 
 
 Made With or Without Spikes. 
 
 Fine leather, rubber tipped sole, with spikes. 
 No. 111. Per pair, $3.50 
 
 Leather shoe, rubber tipped, with spikes. 
 No. 112. Per pair, $3.00 
 
 Leather shoe, rubber tipped, no spikes. 
 No. 114. Per pair, $2.50 
 
 INDOOR JUMPING SHOES 
 
 Best leather Indoor Jumping Shoe, hand-made, 
 
 rubber soles. 
 
 No. 210. Per pair, $5.00 
 
 A. C, SPALDING & BROS. 
 
 New York Chicago St. Louis Washington San Francisco 
 
 Boston Minneapolis Baltimore Kansas City New Orleans 
 
 Buffalo Philadelphia Denver Pittsburg Syracuse 
 
 Cincinnati Montreal, Can. London, England 
 
SPEaAL AWAI»D«» GRAND PRIZE 
 
 were won by A. G. SPALDING & BROS, at the Louisiana Purchase Expo- 
 sition, 1904, for the best, most complete and most attractive installation of 
 Gymnastic Apparatus and Athletic Supplies shown at the World's Fair. 
 
 Cross 
 
 Country 
 
 Shoes 
 
 Finest Kangaroo 
 leather; low broad 
 heel, flexible shank, 
 hand-sewed; six spikes 
 on sole; with or with- 
 out spikes on heel. 
 
 No. 14C. 
 Per pair, $5.00 
 
 Jumping and 
 
 Hurdling 
 
 Shoes 
 
 Fine Kangaroo 
 leather, hand made, 
 specially stiffened sole, 
 and spikes in heel, 
 placed according to 
 latest ideas, to assist 
 jumper. 
 
 No. 14H. 
 
 Per pair, $5.00 
 
 A. C. SPALDINC & BROS. 
 
 New York 
 
 Boston 
 
 Buffalo 
 
 Cincinnati 
 
 Chicago 
 
 Mihneapolis 
 
 Philadelphia 
 
 St. Louis 
 Baltimore 
 Denver 
 Montreal, Can. 
 
 Washington San Francisco 
 Kansas City New Orleans 
 Pittsburg Syracuse 
 
 London, England 
 
ASPECIALAWARDTGRANDPItlZE 
 
 B 
 
 were won by A. G. SPALDING & BROS, at the Louisiana 
 
 Purchase Exposition. 1904, for the best, most complete 
 
 and most attractive installation of Gymnastic Apparatus, 
 
 Base Ball and Athletic Supplies shown at the World's Fair, 
 
 s 
 
 r 
 
 '-^ 
 
 S 
 
 THE SPALDING OFFICIAL LEAGUE BALL 
 
 Used exclusively by the National League, Minor Leagues, and by 
 all Intercollegiate and other Associations for over a quarter of a 
 century. Each ball wrapped in tinfoil and put in a separate box, 
 and sealed in accordance witTi the regulations of the National 
 League and American Association. Warranted to last a full game 
 when used under ordinary conditions. 
 
 Each, $1.25 
 
 ^ 
 
 A. C. SPALDING & BROS. 
 
 (U, 
 
 New York Chicago St. Louis Denver San Francisco 
 
 Boston Minneapolis Baltimore Kansas City New Orleans 
 
 Buffalo Philadelphia Washington Pittsburg Syracuse Cincinnati 
 Montreal, Can. London, England 
 
ASPECIALAWARD^r GRAND PRIZE 
 
 e 
 
 were won by A. G. SPALDING & BROS, at the Louisiana 
 
 Purchase Exposition, 1904, for the best, most complete 
 
 and most attractive installation of Gymnastic Apparatus, 
 
 Base B all and At hletic Supplies shown at the World's Fair. 
 
 C 
 
 a 
 
 Ihe Spalding Official 
 Intercollegiate Foot Ball 
 
 WE have spared no expense in making this ball perfect in 
 every detail, and offer it as the finest foot ball ever pro- 
 duced. Each ball is thoroughly tested, packed in a sepa- 
 rate box and sealed, so that our customers are guaranteed a 
 perfect ball inside when same is received with seal unbroken. A 
 polished and nickel-plated brass foot ball inflater and lacing 
 needle will be packed with each Intercollegiate foot ball without 
 extra charge. Used exclusively by all the leading universities, 
 colleges and athletic associations without exception. 
 
 No. J5. Complete, $4.00 
 
 ^ A. 
 
 C. SPALDING & BROS. 
 
 (U, 
 
 New York Chicago St. Louis Denver San Francisco 
 Boston Minneapolis Baltimore Kansas City New Orleans 
 Buffalo Philadelphia Washington Pittsburg Syracuse Cincinnati 
 Montreal, Can. London, England 
 
4$PECIALtWAR»':°CRANh PRIZE 
 
 were won by A. G. SPALDING & BROS, at the Louisiana 
 Purchase Exposition. 1904, for the best, most complete 
 and most attractive installation of Gymnastic Apparatus, >- 
 Base Ball and Athletic Sup plies shown at th e World's Fair, 
 
 
 ^ 
 
 s\ 
 
 THE SPALDING ** OFFICIAL" 
 BASKET BALL 
 
 "Official" Basket, 
 
 Officially adopted and 
 must be used in all 
 match games. The 
 cover is made in eight 
 sections, with capless 
 ends and of the finest 
 and most carefully se- 
 lected pebble grain 
 leather. The bladder 
 is made specially for 
 this ball, of extra qual- 
 ity Para rubber. Each 
 ball packed complete, 
 in sealed box, and guar- 
 anteed perfect in every 
 detail. 
 
 Ball. 
 
 Each, $5.00 
 
 Extracts from Official Rule Book 
 
 RULE IL-BALL 
 Sec. 3. The ball made by 
 A. G. Spalding & Bros, shall 
 be the official ball. Official balls 
 will be stamped as herewith, 
 and will be in sealed boxes. 
 
 Sec. 4. The official ball must Sec. 4. The official goal must 
 
 be used in all match games. i) be used in all match games. 
 
 RULE IIL— GOALS. 
 Sec. 3. The goal made by 
 A. G. Spalding & Bros, shall 
 be the official goal. 
 
 
 ^ 
 
 A. C. SPALDING & BROS. 
 
 New York Chicago St. Louis Denver San Francisco 
 Boston Minneapolis Baltimore Kansas City New Orleans 
 Buffalo Philadelphia Washington Pittsburg Syracuse Cincinnati 
 Montreal. Can. London, England 
 
Spaldind*s Trade-Mark Indian Clubs 
 
 Our Trade-Mark Indian Clubs are of selected material 
 
 and perfect in shape. They are finely polished, with 
 
 ebonite centre band and gilt stripe top and bottom. 
 
 Each pair wrapped in paper bag. 
 
 1-2 pound Per pair, $ 
 
 3-4 pound 
 
 1 pound. 
 
 1 1-2 pound. 
 
 2 pound . 
 
 2 1-2 pound. 
 
 3 pound . 
 
 4 pound . 
 
 5 pound . 
 
 1.10 
 1.40 
 
 Trade Line Indian Clubs 
 
 The following clubs are not Trade-Mark goods, but of 
 
 good material and far superior in shape and finish to 
 
 the ordinary clubs on the market. 
 
 1-2 pound Per pair, 25c. 
 
 3-4 pound " 30c. 
 
 1 pound " 35c. 
 
 1 1-2 pound " 40c. 
 
 2 pound " 45c. 
 
 2 1-2 pound " 50c. 
 
 3 pound " 55c. 
 
 4 pound: " 70c. 
 
 5 pound " 90c. 
 
 Spalding's handsomely illustrated catalogue of athletic goods 
 mailed free to any address. 
 
 A. G. SPALDING & BROS. 
 
 New York Chicago St. Louis Washington 
 
 Boston Minneapolis Baltimore Kansas City 
 
 Buffalo Philadelphia Denver Pittsburg 
 
 San Francisco 
 Montreal, Can. 
 London, England 
 
IRON DUMB BELLS 
 
 length made specially, 
 
 Made on approved models, 
 
 nicely balanced and finished 
 
 in black enamel. Sizes, 2 to 
 
 40 lbs. Per lb., 6c. 
 
 Over 40 lbs., 8c. per lb. 
 
 Bar Bells, any weight, with 
 
 wrought iron handle, any 
 
 Per lb., lOc. 
 
 NICKEL=PLATED DUMB BELLS 
 
 Nick 
 
 el- 
 
 plated 
 
 and 
 
 
 polished. 
 
 
 No. 
 
 
 Per 
 
 Pair 
 
 IN. 
 
 1 
 
 lb., $ 
 
 .25 / 
 
 2N. 
 
 2 
 
 t < 
 
 .50/ 
 
 3N. 
 
 3 
 
 *« 
 
 .65 1 
 
 4N. 
 
 4 
 
 (( 
 
 .75 \ 
 
 5N. 
 
 5 
 
 1 
 
 .00 
 
 NICKEL=PLATED DUMB BELLS 
 
 WITH RUBBER BANDS 
 
 Nickel -plated and 
 polished. 
 
 No. Per Pair 
 
 IB. I lb., $ .65 
 
 2B. 2 " .75 
 
 38. 3 '♦ 1.00 
 
 4B. 4 ** 1.15 
 
 5B. 5 '' 1.25 
 
 Handsomely illustrated catalogue mailed free to any address. 
 
 A. G. SPALDING & BROS. 
 
 New York Chicago Philadelphia San Francisco 
 
 St. Louis Boston Buffalo Baltimore 
 
 Denver Minneapolis Kansas City Montreal, Can. 
 
 London, England 
 
Spalding's 
 Trade-Mark Wood Dumb Bells 
 
 Our Trade-Mark Bells are made of selected material, neatly 
 decorated, well finished and of perfect balance. 
 
 ^ 1-4 pound. 
 
 Per pair, $ .40 
 
 1 1-2 pound. 
 
 .40 
 
 ^ 3-4 pound. 
 
 .45 
 
 I pound. 
 
 .50 
 
 I 1-2 pound. 
 
 .55 
 
 2 pound. 
 
 .65 
 
 i 3 pound. 
 
 .90 
 
 r 4 pound. 
 
 " 1. 10 
 
 Trade Line Wood Dumb Bells 
 
 Not Trade-Mark Quality 
 1-4 pound. . Per pair, 25c 
 1-2 pound. 
 3-4 pound. 
 I pound. 
 
 1 1-2 pound. 
 
 2 pound. 
 
 3 pound. 
 
 4 pound. 
 
 Spalding's handsomely illustrated catalogue of athletic goods 
 mailed free to any address. 
 
 A. G. SPALDING & BROS, 
 
 New York 
 
 Boston 
 
 Buffalo 
 
 Chicago 
 
 Minneapolis 
 
 Philadelphia 
 
 St. Louis 
 Baltimore 
 Denver 
 
 Washington 
 Kansas City 
 Pittsburg 
 
 San Francisco 
 Montreal, Can. 
 London, England 
 
5palding's 
 
 Running 
 
 Shoes 
 
 Arthur F. Duffey 
 
 Holder of the world's record, 
 9 3-5s. for 100 yards, wears 
 Spalding Shoes in all his races. 
 
 M. W. Long 
 
 Holder of the world's 440 yards 
 record; the American, English 
 and International champion, 
 wears Spalding Shoes in all his 
 races. 
 
 B. J.Wefers 
 
 Holder of the world's record for 
 220 yards, made his record with 
 a pair of Spalding Shoes. 
 
 John F. Cregan 
 
 The American half-mile and 
 Intercollegiate champion, and 
 thousands of others attribute 
 their success on the path to the 
 fat t that they had a well-fitting, 
 light, serviceable shoe to wear. 
 
 Nearly every American, Inter- 
 collegiate and Interscholastic 
 record has been made when the 
 contestant wore Spalding Shoes. 
 
 Spalding's handsomely illustrated catalogue of athletic goods 
 mailed free to any address 
 
 New York 
 St. Louis 
 Denver 
 
 A. G. SPALDING &, BROS. 
 
 Chicago 
 
 Boston 
 
 Minneapolis 
 
 Philadelphia 
 Buffalo 
 Kansas City 
 I/ondon, England 
 
 San Francisco 
 Baltimore 
 Montreal, Can. 
 
SPALDING'S ATHLETIC LIBRARY 
 
 Spalding's Athletic Library is devoted to all athletic sports and pas- 
 times, indoor and outdoor, and is the recognized American cyclopedia of 
 sport. Each book is complete in itself; anc those sports which are gov- 
 erned by National Associations always deoignate Spalding's Athletic 
 Library as the official publication. This gives to each book the official 
 authority to contain the rules. Each year the books are brought up to 
 date, with the latest rules, new ideas, new pictures and valuable informa- 
 tion, thus making the series the most valuable of its kind in the world. 
 The price, 10 cents per copy, places them in the reach of all, and no one's 
 library can be complete unless all numbers are found therein. 
 
 No. 12-Association Foot BalB 
 
 Contains valuable information, diagrams of play, and rules for both 
 the Gaelic and Association styles of play. Price 10 oents. 
 
 No. 13- How to Play Hand Ball 
 
 By the world's champion, Michael Egan, 
 of Jersey City. This book has been re- 
 written and brought up to date in every 
 particular. Every play is thoroughly ex- 
 plained by text and diagram. The 
 numerous illustrations consist of full 
 pages made from photographs of 
 Champion Egan, showing him in all hi3 
 characteristic attitudes. Price 10 cents. 
 
 No. 14-Curling 
 
 History of the sport; diagram of curling rink; rules for curling; dia- 
 grams of play. Price 10 cents. 
 
 No. 23-Canoeing 
 
 By C. Bowyer Vaux. Paddling, sailing, cruising and racing cance3 
 and their uses; canoeing and camping. Price 10 cents. 
 
 No. 27-College Athletics 
 
 M. C. Murphy, the well-known athletic 
 trainer, now with Yale University, the 
 author of this book, has written it especi- 
 ally for the schoolboy and college man, 
 but it is invaluable for the athlete who 
 wishes to excel in any branch of athletic 
 sport. The subjects comprise the follow- 
 ing articles: Training, starting, sprint- 
 ing ; how to train for the quarter, half, 
 
 mile.and longer distances; walking; high and broad jumping; hurdling; 
 
 pole vaulting; throwing the hammer. Illustrated. Price 10 cents. 
 
No. 29-Exercising With 
 Pulley Weights 
 
 By Dr. Henry S. Anderson, instructor 
 in heavy gymnastics Yale gymnasium, 
 Anderson Normal School, Chautauqua 
 University. In conjunction with a chest 
 machine anyone with this book can be- 
 come perfectly developed. Contains all 
 the various movements necessary to be- 
 come proficient and of well-developed physique. Price 10 cents. 
 
 No. 40-Archery 
 
 By J. S. Mitchel. An introductory 
 chapter on the use of the bow and arrow; 
 archery of the present day; the bow and 
 how to use it, with practical illustrations 
 on the right and wrong method of aimmg. 
 Price 10 cents. 
 
 No. 55-Ofncial Sporting Rules 
 
 Contains rules not found in other publications for the government of 
 many sports; rules for wrestling, cross-country runnmg, shuffleboard, 
 skating, snowshoeing, quoits, potato racing, professional racmg, rac- 
 quets, pigeon flying, dog racing, pistol and revolver shootmg. Price lU 
 cents. 
 
 No.87-Athletic Primer 
 
 Edited by Jamea E. Sullivan. Secretary- 
 Treasurer of the Amateur Athletic Union; 
 tells how to organize an athletic club, how 
 to conduct an athletic meeting, and gives 
 rules for the government of athletic meet- 
 ings; contents also include directions for 
 building a track and laying out athletic 
 grounds, and a very instructive article on 
 training ; fully illustrated with pictures of 
 leading athletes in action. Price 10 cents. 
 
 No* 102-Cround Tumbling 
 
 By Prof Henry Walter Worth, who was for years physical director of 
 the Armour Institute of Technology. Any boy, by reading this book and 
 following the instructions, which are drawn from life, can become a pro- 
 ficient tumbler; all the various tricks explained. Price 10 cents. 
 
 No. 104-The Grading of Gymnastic Exercises 
 
 By G M. Martin, Physical Director of the Y. M. C. A. of Youngstown, 
 Ohio It is a book that should be in the hands of every physical director 
 of the Y M. C. A., school, club, college, etc. The contents comprise: 
 The place of the class in physical training; grading of exercises and sea- 
 son schedules-grading of men. grading of exercises, season schedules 
 for various classes, elementary and advanced classes, leaders, optional 
 exercises, examinations, college and school work; calisthenic exercises, 
 graded apparatus exercises and general massed class exercises. Nearly 
 200 pages. Price 10 cents. 
 
SPALDING 
 ATHLETIC 
 
 'TTHE above illustration shows the Stadium at 
 St. Louis, in which the Olympic Games of 
 1904 were held. The field, which was designed 
 and equipped by A. G. Spalding & Bros., was 
 declared by experts to be the most perfect out- 
 door athletic plant ever constructed. 
 
OFFICIAL 
 SUPPLIES 
 
 fj\,,;iy.V*i.- 
 
 THE building in the background Is the Model 
 Gymnasium, which was entirely equipped 
 by A. G. Spalding & Bros., with an exhibit 
 that was pronounced a model one by American 
 and European experts and the International 
 Jury of the Exposition. 
 
No. 124-How to Becomd a 
 Gymnast 
 
 By Robert Stoll, of the New York A. C, 
 tJhe American champion on the flying 
 rings from 1885 to 1892. Any boy who 
 frequents a gymnasium can easily follow 
 the illustrations and instructions in this 
 book and with a little practice become 
 proficient on the horizontal and parallel 
 bars, the trapeze or the "horse." Price 
 10 cents. 
 
 No. 128-How to Row 
 
 By E. J. Giannini, of the New York A. 
 C, one of America's most famous ama- 
 teur oarsmen and champions. This book 
 will instruct any one who is a lover of 
 rowing how to become an expert. It ia 
 fully illustrated, showing how to hold the 
 oars, the finish of the stroke and other 
 information that will prove valuable to 
 the beginner. Contains also the official 
 
 laws of boat racing of the National Association of Amateur Oarsmen. 
 
 Price 10 cents. 
 
 No. 129-Water Polo 
 
 By Gus Sundstrom, instructor at the 
 New York A. C. It treats of every detail, 
 the individual work of the players, the 
 practice of the team, how to throw 
 the ball, with illustrations and many valu- 
 able hints. Price 10 cents. 
 
 No. 135-Ofncial Handbook 
 of the A. A. U. of the United 
 States 
 
 The A. A. U. is the governing body of 
 athletes in the United States of America, 
 and all games must be held under its rules, 
 which are exclusively published in thi3 
 handbook, and a copy should be in the 
 hands of every athlete and every club 
 officer In America. This book contains the official rules for running, 
 jumping, weight throwing, hurdling, pole vaulting, swimming, boxing, 
 wrestling, etc., and is an encyclopedia in itself. Price 10 cents. 
 
 No. l36-Of¥icial Y. M. C. A. Handbook 
 
 Edited by G. T. Hepbron, the well-known athletic authority. It contains 
 the official rules governing all sports under the jurisdiction of the Y. M. 
 C. A., a complete report of the physical directors' conference, official 
 Y. M. C. A. scoring tables, pentathlon rules, many pictures of the lead- 
 ing Y. M. C. A. athletes of the country, official Y. M. C. A. athletic 
 rules, constitution and by-laws of the Athletic League of Y. M. C. A., all 
 around indoor test, volley ball rules; illustrated. Price 10 cents. 
 
 No. r38-Off1cial Croquet Guide 
 
 Contains directions for playing, diagrams of important strokes, descrip- 
 tion of grounds, instructions for the beginner, terms used in the game, 
 and the official playing rules. Price 10 cents. 
 
No. 140-Wrestling 
 
 Catch as catch can style. By E. H. Hitchcock, M. D., of Cornell, and 
 R.. F. Nelligan, of Amherst College. The book contains nearly seventy 
 Illustrations of the different holds, photographed especially and so de- 
 Bcribed that anybody who desires to become expert in wrestling can with 
 little effort learn every one. Price 10 cents. 
 
 No. (42-Physlcal Training Simplified 
 
 By Prof. E. B. Warman, the well-known physical culture expert. Is a 
 complete, thorough and practical book where the whole man is consid- 
 ered—brain and body. By following the instructions no apparatus ia 
 required. The book is adapted for both sexes. The exercises comprise 
 directions as follows: how to stand; how to sit; how to rest; breathing; 
 exercises for the fingers, wrists, elbows, shoulders, neck, hips, knees, 
 ankles; a word about the muscles; the arms and thighs; shoulders and 
 chest; waist; sides; back and abdomen; bowing; bending; twisting; the 
 liver squeezer, etc., etc. Fully illustrated. Price 10 cents. 
 
 No. 143- Indian Clubs and 
 Dumb-Bells 
 
 Two of the most popular forms of home 
 or gymnasium exercise. This book is 
 written by America's amateur champion 
 club swinger, J. H. Dougherty. It is 
 clearly illustrated, by which any novice 
 can become an expert. Price 10 cents. 
 
 No. 149-The Care of the Body 
 
 A book that all who value health should read and follow its instruc- 
 tions. By Prof. E. B. Warman, the well known lecturer and authority on 
 physical culture. The subject is thoroughly treated, as a glance at the 
 following small portion of the contents shows: An all-around athlete; 
 muscular Christianity; eating; diet— various opinions; bill of fare for 
 brain workers; bill of fare for muscle-makers; what to eat and drink; a 
 simple diet; an opinion on brain food; why is food required? drinking wa- 
 ter; nutrition— how food nourishes the body; a day's food, how used; 
 constituents of a day's ration— beefsteak, potatoes bread, butter, water; 
 germs of disease; etc. Price 10 cents. 
 
 No. 154-Field Hockey 
 
 To those in need of vigorous and health- 
 ful out-of-doors exercise, this game is 
 recommended highly. Its healthful at- 
 tributes are manifold and the interest of 
 player and spectator alike is kept active 
 throughout the progress of the game. 
 The game is prominent in the sports at 
 Vassar, Smith, Wellesley, Bryn Mawr and 
 other leading colleges. Price 10 cents. 
 
 No. 156-The Athlete's Guide 
 
 How to become an athlete. It contains 
 full instructions for the beginner, telling 
 how to sprint, hurdle, jump and throw 
 weights, general hints on training; in fact, 
 this book is one of the most complete on 
 the subject that has ever appeared. 
 Special chapters contain valuable advice 
 to beginners and important A. A. U. rules 
 and their explanations, while the pictures 
 comprise many scenes showing champions in action. Price 10 cents. 
 
No. 157-How to Play Lawn 
 Tennis 
 
 A complete description of lawn tennis; 
 a lesson for beginners and directions tel- 
 ling how to make the most important 
 strokes; styles and skill of the experts; the 
 American twist service; how to build and 
 keep a court. Illustrated from photographs 
 of leading players in action. Price 10 cents. 
 
 No. 158-lndoor and Outdoor Gymnastic Games 
 
 Without question one of the best books of its kind ever published. 
 Compiled by Prof. A. M. Chesley, the well-known Y. M. C. A. physical 
 director. It is a book that will prove valuable to indoor and outdoor gym- 
 nasiums, schools, outings and gatherings where there are a number to be 
 amused. The games described comprise a list of 120, divided into several 
 groups. Price 10 cents. 
 
 No. 16(-Ten Minutes' Exer- 
 cise for Busy Men 
 
 By Dr. Luther Halsey Gulick, supers 
 intendent of physical training in the New 
 York public schools. Anyone who is look- 
 ing for a concise and complete course of 
 physical education at home would do well 
 to procure a copy of this book. Ten 
 minutes' work as directed is exercise any- 
 one can follow. It already has had a large 
 Bale and has been highly commended by all who have followed its in- 
 structions. Nearly 100 pages of illustrations and 100 of text. Price 10 cents. 
 
 No. 162-How to Become a 
 Boxer 
 
 For many years books have been issued 
 on the art of boxing, but it has remained 
 for us to arrange a book that we think is 
 sure to fill all demands. It contains over 
 70 pages of illustrations showing all the 
 latest blows, posed especially for this book 
 under the supervision of one of the best 
 instructors of boxing in the United States, 
 who makes a specialty of teaching and 
 who knows how to impart his knowledge. They are so arranged that 
 anyone can easily become a proficient boxer. The book also contains 
 pictures of all the well known boxers. A partial list of the 200 pages of 
 the book include: A history of boxing; how to box; the correct position; 
 the hands; clenching the fist; the art of gauging distance; the first 
 principles of hitting; the elements of defence; feinting; knockout blows; 
 the chin punch; the blow under the ear; the famous solar plexus knock- 
 out; the heart blow; famous blows and their originators: Fitzsimmons' 
 contribution; the McCoy corkscrew; the kidney punch; the liver punch; 
 the science of boxing; proper position of hand and arm; left hook to 
 face; hook to the jaw; how to deliver the solar plexus; correct delivery 
 of a right uppercut; blocking a right swing and sending a right uppercut 
 to chin; blocking a left swing and sending a left uppercut to chin; the 
 side step; hints on training, diet and breathing; how to train; rules for 
 boxing. Price 10 cents. 
 
No. 165-The Art of Fencing 
 
 This is a new book by Regis and Louia 
 Senac, of New York, famous instructora 
 and leading authorities on the subject. 
 Messrs. Senac give in detail how every 
 move should be made, and tell it so clearly 
 that anyone can follow the instructions. 
 It is illustrated with sixty full page pic- 
 tures, posed especially for this book. 
 Price 10 cents. 
 
 No. r66-How to Swing In- 
 dian Clubs 
 
 By Prof. E. B. Warman, the well-known 
 exponent of physical culture. The most 
 complete work on this special subject ever 
 issued. By following the directions care- 
 fully anyone can become an expert. Price 
 10 cents. 
 
 No. r67-Quoits 
 
 By M. W. Deshong. The need of a book 
 on this interesting game has been felt by 
 many who wished to know the fine points 
 and tricks used by the experts. Mr. 
 Deshong explains them, with illustrations, 
 so that a novice can readily understand. 
 Price 10 cents. 
 
 No. I70-Push Ball 
 
 Played with an air-inflated ball 6 feet in diameter, weighing about 
 50 pounds. A side consists of eleven men. This book contains the official 
 rules and a sketch of the game; illustrated. Price 10 cents. 
 
 No. 17 1-Basket Ball for 
 Women 
 
 Edited by Miss Senda Berenson, of Smith 
 College. Contains the rules for basket ball 
 for women as adopted by the conference on 
 physical training, held in June, 1899, at 
 Springfield, Mass., and articles on the fol- 
 lowing subjects: Psychological effects of 
 basket ball for women, by Dr. Luther 
 H. Gulick, superintendent of physical 
 training In the schools of Greater New York; physiological effects of 
 basketball, by Theodore Hough, Ph. D.; significance of basket ball for 
 women, by Senda Berenson; relative merit of the Y. M. C A. rules and 
 women's rules, by Augusta Lane Patrick; practical side of basket ball, 
 by Ellen Emerson, B. K., Agnes Childs, A. B., Fanny Garrison. A. B.; 
 A Plea for Basket Ball, by Julie Ellsbee Sullivan, Teachers' College, 
 New York; diagram of field, showing position of team; illustrated with 
 many pictures of basket ball teams. Price 10 cents. 
 
No. 174-Distance and Cross 
 Country Running 
 
 By George Orton, the famous University 
 of Pennsylvania runner. Tells how to be- 
 come proficient at the quarter, half, mile, 
 the longer distances, and cross-country 
 running and steeplechasing, with instruc- 
 tions for training and schedules to be ob- 
 served when preparing for a contest. 
 Illustrated with numerous pictures of 
 
 leading athletes in action, with comments by the editor on the good and 
 
 bad points shown. Price 10 cents. 
 
 No. 177-How to Swim 
 
 By J. H. Sterrett, the leading authority 
 on swimming in America. The instruc- 
 tions will interest the expert as well as the 
 novice; the illustrations were made from 
 photographs especially posed, showing the 
 swimmer in clear water; a valuable feature 
 is the series of "land drill" exercises for 
 the beginner, which is illustrated by many 
 drawings. The contents comprise: A plea 
 for education in swimming; swimming as an exercise and for develop- 
 ment; land drill exercises; plain swimming; best methods of learning; 
 the breast stroke; breathing; under-arm side stroke; scientific strokes— 
 over-arm side stroke: double over-arm or "trudgeon" stroke; touch- 
 ing and turning- training for racing; ornamental swimming; floating; 
 diving; runmnr header; back dive; diving feet foremost; the propeller; 
 marching on the water; swimming on the back; amateur swimming 
 rules; amateur plunging rules.. Price 10 cents. 
 
 No. 178-How to Train for 
 Bicycling 
 
 Gives methods of the best riders when 
 training for long or short distance races; 
 hints on training. Revised and up-to-date 
 in every particular. Price 10 cents. 
 
 No. 180-Ring Hockey 
 
 A new game for the gymnasium, invented by Dr. J. M. Vorhees of 
 Pratt Institute, Brooklyn, that has sprung into instant popularity ; as 
 exciting as basket ball. This book contains official rules. Price 10 cents. 
 
 No. 182-AII-Around Athletics 
 
 Gives in full the method of scoring the All- Around Championship, 
 giving percentage tables showing what each man receives for each per- 
 formance in each of the ten events. It contains as well instructive articles 
 on how to train for the Ail-Around Championship. Illustrated with many 
 pictures of champions in action and scenes at all-around meets. Price 
 10 cents. 
 
No. 185-Health Hints 
 
 A series of articles by Prof. E. B. Warman, the well known lecturer and 
 authority on physical culture. Prof. Warman treats very interestingly 
 of health influenced by insulation; health influenced by underwear; 
 health influenced by color; exercise, who needs it? Price 10 cents. 
 
 No. 187-How to Play Roller Polo 
 
 Edited by J. C. Morse. A full description of the game ; ofl!icial rules ; 
 pictures of teams ; other articles of interest. Price 10 cents. 
 
 No, 188-Lawn Hockey, Tether Tennis, Coif Cro- 
 quet, Volley Ball, Hand Tennis, Garden Hockey, 
 Parlor Hockey, Badminton 
 
 Containing the rules for each game. Illustrated. Price 10 cents. 
 
 No. 189-Rules for Games 
 
 Compiled by Jessie H. Bancroft, director of physical training, depart- 
 ment of education. New York City. These games are intended for use 
 at recesses, and all but the team games have been adapted to large 
 classes. Suitable for children from three to eight years, and include a 
 gi-eat variety, divided under the general heads of ball games, bean bag 
 games, circle games, singing and miscellaneous games. Price 10 cents. 
 
 No. 191-How to Punch the 
 Bag 
 
 By W. H. Roth well ("Young Corbett"). 
 champion featherweight of the world. 
 This book is undoubtedly the best treatise 
 on bag punching that has ever been 
 printed. Every variety of blow used in 
 training is shown and explained. The 
 pictures comprise thirty-three full page 
 reproductions of Young Corbett as he appears while at work in his train- 
 ing quarters. The photographs were taken by our special artist and can- 
 not be seen in any other publication than Spalding's Athletic Library No. 
 191. Fancy bag punching is treated by a well known theatrical bag 
 puncher, who shows the latest tricks. Price 10 cents. 
 
 No. 193-How to Play Basket 
 Ball 
 
 By G. T. Hepbron, editor of the Official 
 Basket Ball Guide. Contains full instruc- 
 tions for players, both for the expert and 
 the novice, duties of officials, and specially 
 posed full page pictures showing the cor- 
 rect and incorrect methods of playing. 
 The demand for a book of this character 
 is fully satisfied in this publication, as 
 many points are included which could not be incorporated in the annual 
 publication of the Basket Ball Guide for want of room. Price 10 cents. 
 
No. Id4-Racquets, Squash- 
 Racquets and Court Tennis 
 
 The need of an authoritative handbook 
 at a popular price on these games is filled 
 by this book. How to play each game is 
 thoroughly explained, and all the difficult 
 strokes shown by special photographs 
 taken especially for this book. Contains 
 the official rules for each game, with 
 photographs of well known courts. Price 10 cents. 
 
 No.l95-Ofncial Roque Guide 
 
 The official publication of the National 
 Roque Association of America. Edited by- 
 Prof. Charles Jacobus, ex-champion. Con- 
 tains a description of the courts and their 
 construction, diagrams of the field, illustra- 
 tions, rules and valuable information con- 
 cerning the game of roque. Price 10 cents. 
 
 No. 1 99-Equestrian Polo 
 Guide 
 
 Compiled by H. L. FitzPatrick of the 
 New York Sun. Illustrated with portraits 
 of leading players and contains most useful 
 information for polo players in relation to 
 playing the game, choosing of equipment 
 and mounts; contains the official rules and 
 handicaps of the National Association. 
 Price 10 cents. 
 
 No. 200-Dumb-Bells 
 
 This is undoubtedly the best work on 
 dumb-bells that has ever been offered. 
 The author, Mr. G. Bojus, of New York 
 City, was formerly superintendent of phy- 
 sical culture in the Elizabeth (N.J.) public 
 schools, instructor at Columbia University, 
 instructor for four years at the Columbia 
 summer school, and is now proprietor of the 
 Liberty Street Gymnasium, at 121 Liberty 
 Street, New York City. The book contains 200 photographs of all the 
 various exercises, with the instructions in large, readable type. It should 
 be in the hands of every teacher and pupil of physical culture, and is in- 
 valuable for home exercise as well. Price 10 cents. 
 
 No. 201-Lacrosse-From Candidate to Team 
 
 By William C. Schmeisser, captain Johns Hopkins University champion 
 intercollegiate lacrosse team of 1902 ; edited by Ronald T. Abercrombie, 
 ex-captain and coach of Johns Hopkins University lacrosse team, 1900-1904. 
 Every position is thoroughly explained in a most simple and concise man- 
 ner, rendering it the best manual of the game ever published. Illustrated 
 with numerous snapshots of important plays. Price 10 cents. 
 
No. 202-How to Play Base 
 Ball 
 
 Edited by T. H. Murnane, New and re- 
 vised edition. Contents: How to become a 
 batter, by Napoleon Lajoie, James Collins, 
 Hugh Jennings and Jesse Tannehill; how 
 to run the bases, by Jack Doyle and Frank 
 L. Chance; advice to base runners, by 
 James E. Sullivan, Secretary-Treasurer 
 A.A.U.; how to become a good pitcher, 
 by Cy Young, "Rube" Waddell and Bert Cunningham; on curve pitching, 
 by Cy Young, James J. Callahan, Frank Donahue, Vic Willis, William 
 Dineen and Charley Nichols; how to become a good catcher, by Eddie 
 Phelps, William Sullivan and M. J. Kittridge; how to play first base, by 
 Hugh Jennings; how to play second base, by Napoleon Lajoie and William 
 Gleason; how to play third base, by James Collins and Lave Cross; how 
 to play shortstop, by Herman Long; how to play the infield, by Charles 
 A. Comiskey; how to play the outfield, by Fred Clarke; the earmarks 
 of a ball player, by John J. McGraw; good advice for players; how to 
 organize a team; how to manage a team; how to score a game; how to 
 umpire a game; base ball rules interpreted for boys. Price 10 cents. 
 
 No, 204-Ofncial Intercollegiate A. A. A. Handbook 
 
 Contains constitution, by-laws, laws of 
 athletics, and rules to govern the award- 
 ing of the championship cup of the In- 
 tercollegiate Athletic Association of 
 Amateur Athletes of America, the govern- 
 ing body in college athletics. Contains 
 official intercollegiate records from 1876 
 to 1904, with the winner's name and time 
 in each event, list of points won by each 
 college, and list of officers of the associa- 
 tion from 1889 to 1904, inclusive. To any- 
 one interested the book is invaluable as a record. Price 10 cents. 
 
 No. 205-Ofncial Handbook of the Public Schools 
 Athletic League 
 
 This is the official handbook of the Public Schools Athletic League, 
 which embraces all the public schools of Greater New York. It contains 
 the official rules that govern all the contests of the league, and consti- 
 tution, by-laws and officers. Edited by Dr. Luther Halsey Gulick, super- 
 intendent of physical education in the New York public schools, and 
 Wm. C. J. Kelly, secretary of the league. Illustrated. Price 10 cents. 
 
 No. 206-How to Play Golf 
 
 No golfer should miss having a copy of 
 this golf guide. Harry Vardon tells how 
 to play game, with life-like illustrations 
 showing the different strokes. The book 
 also contains the revised official rules, offi- 
 cial records, as well as pictures of many 
 important players, and a directory giving 
 name, address, membership and length of 
 golf course of clubs in the United States. 
 Price 10 cents. 
 
No. 207-Bowling on the 
 Green; or, Lawn Bowls 
 
 How to construct a green ; necessary equip- 
 ment; how to play the game, and the offi- 
 cial rules as promulgated by the Scottish 
 Bowling Association. Edited by Mr. Jamea 
 W. Greig. Illustrated. Price 10 cents. 
 
 No. 208-Physical Education and Hygiene 
 
 This is the fifth of the Physical Training series, by Prof. E. B. Warman 
 (see Nos. 142, 149, 166 and 185). and a glance at the contents will show the 
 variety of subjects : Chapter I— Basic principles ; longevity. Chapter II 
 —Hints on eating ; food values ; the uses of salt. Chapter III— Medicinal 
 value of certain foods. Chapter IV— The efficacy of sugar; sugar, food 
 for muscular work ; eating for strength and endurance ; fish as brain 
 food ; food for the children. Chapter V— Digestibility ; bread ; appen- 
 dicitis due to flour. Chapter VI— Hints on drinking— Water, milk, butter- 
 milk, tea, coffee ; how to remain young. Chapter VII— Hints on bathing ; 
 cold, hot, warm, tepid, salt, sun, air, Russian, Turkish, cabinet. Chapter 
 VIII— Hints on breathing; breathlessness, heart strain, second wind, 
 yawning, the art of yogi. Price 10 cents. 
 
 No. 209-How to Become a Skater 
 
 Contains advice for beginners; how to become a figure skater thor- 
 oughly explained, with many diagrams showing how to do all the 
 different tricks of the best figure skaters, including the Mohawk, with 
 all its variations; Q's, forward and backward, inside and outside; the 
 crosscuts, including the difficult Swedish style; inside and outside 
 spins; the grapevine, with its numerous branches, and many other styles, 
 which will be comparatively simple to any one who follows the directions 
 given. Profusely illustrated with pictures of prominent skaters and 
 numerous diagrams. Price 10 cents. 
 
 No. 210-Howto Play Foot Ball 
 
 Edited by Walter Camp. The contents embrace everything that a 
 beginner wants to know and many points that an expert will be glad 
 to learn. The pictures are made from snapshots of leading teams and in- 
 dividual players in action, with comments by Walter Camp. Price 10 cents. 
 
 No. 2M -Spalding's Official 
 Foot Ball Guide 
 
 Edited by Walter Camp. Contains the 
 new rules, with diagram of field as newly 
 arranged; special chapters on the game, 
 foot ball for the spectator, All-America 
 teams, as selected by leading authorities ; 
 Middle West, Southern, Canadian foot 
 ball, records, and pictures of all the prom- 
 inent teams, embracing nearly 3,000 
 players. Price 10 cents. 
 
 No. 212-Offlcial Basket Ball 
 Guide 
 
 Edited by George T. Hepbron, Contains 
 the revised official rules, decisions on dis- 
 puted points, records of prominent teams, 
 reports on the game from various parts 
 of the country, and pictures of hundreds 
 of players. The standard basket ball an- 
 nual of the country. Price 10 cents. 
 
No. 213-285 Health Answers 
 
 Contents: Necessity for exercise in the summer; three rules for bicy- 
 cling:; when going up-hill; sitting out on summer nights ventilating a 
 bedroom; ventilating a house; how to obtain pure air; bathing salt 
 water baths at home; a substitute for ice water; drinking ice water; to 
 cure insomnia; asleep in two minutes; for those who ride wheels; summer 
 outdoor exercise; profuse perspiration; danger of checking perspiration; 
 dress, hot weather, etc.. etc. Price 10 cents. *"^ 
 
 No. 214-Craded Calisthenics and Dumb-Bell 
 Drills 
 
 By Albert B. Wegener, Physical Director Y. M. C. A., Rochester, N. Y. 
 Ever since graded apparatus work has been used in gymnastics, the ne- 
 cessity of having a mass drill that would harmonize with it has been felt. 
 For years it has been the established custom in most gymnasiums of 
 memorizing a set drill, never varied from one year's end to the other. 
 Consequently the beginner was given the same kind and amount as the 
 older member. With a view to giving uniformity the present treatise is 
 attempted. Price 10 cents 
 
 No. 215-lndoor Base Ball 
 
 America's national game is now vieing with other indoor games as a 
 winter pastime. This book contains the playing rules, pictures of leading 
 teams, and interesting articles on the game. Price 10 cents. 
 
 No. 216-How to Become a Bowler 
 
 By S. Karpf, Secretary of the American Bowling Congress, and one 
 of the best posted men on bowling in America. Contents: History of the 
 sport: diagrams of effective deliveries; how to bowl; a few hints to be- 
 ginners; American Bowling Congress; the national championships; how- 
 to build an alley; how to score; spares— how they are made. Rules for 
 cocked hat, cocked hat and feather, quintet, battle game, nine up and 
 nine down, head pin and four back, ten pins— head pin out, five back, the 
 Newport game, ten pin head pin game, duckpin game, head pin game, 
 Dayton candle (rubber neck) pin game. New England candle pin game. 
 Illustrated with portraits of all the prominent bowlers. Price 10 cents. 
 
 No. 217-Ofncial Athletic Al- 
 manac 
 
 Compiled by J. E. Sullivan, Chief Depart- 
 ment Physical Culture, Louisiana Purchase 
 Exposition, and Director Olympic Games, 
 1904. The only annual publication now 
 issued that contains a complete list of 
 amateur best-on-records; complete inter- 
 collegiate records; complete English re- 
 cords from 1866; swimming records; inter- 
 Bcholastic records; Irish, Scotch and Australasian records; reports of 
 leading athletic meets; skating records; important athletic events and 
 numerous photos of individual athletes and leading athletic teams. This 
 year's issue is a special Olympic Games number and contains the only full 
 account of the Olympic Games of 1904, and a review of Anthropological 
 Days at the World's Fair stadium, being the first time on record where 
 athletic events were contested in which savages were the exclusive par- 
 ticipants, thus forming the first authoritative basis for a comparison 
 between the abilities of the civilized athlete and the savage. Price 10 cents. 
 
No.2l8-lce Hockey and Ice Polo 
 
 Written by the most famous player in Canada, A. Farrell, of the 
 Shamrock hockey team of Montreal. It contains a complete description 
 of the game, its origin, points of a good player, and an instructive ar- 
 ticle on how o'ame is played, with diagrams and official rules. Illus- 
 trated with pictures of leading teams. Price 10 cents. 
 
 No. 219— Base Ball Percen- 
 tage Book 
 
 To supply a demand for a book which 
 would show the percentage of clubs with- 
 out recourse to the arduous work of figur- 
 ing, the publishers of Spalding's Athletic 
 Library have had Mr. John B. Foster, 
 Sporting Editor of the New York Eveninar 
 Telegram, compile a book which answers 
 every requirement, and which has met 
 
 with the greatest praise for its accuracy and simplicity. No follower of 
 
 the game can afford to be without it. Price 10 cents. 
 
 No. 220-Official Base Bali 
 Guide 
 
 Edited by Henry Chad wick, the " Father 
 of Base Ball," the official publication of 
 base ball. It contains a complete record 
 of all leagues in America, pictures of 
 teams, official rules and reviews of the 
 game. The standard base ball annual of 
 the country. Price 10 cents. 
 
 No. 221-Spaldlng's Lawn 
 Tennis Annual 
 
 Contains official statistics, photographs 
 of leading players, special articles on the 
 game, review of important tournaments, 
 official rules, handicapping rules and tab- 
 les; list of fixtures for the current year and 
 other valuable information. Price 10 cents. 
 
 No. 222-Spalding's OfTlcial 
 Cricket Guide 
 
 Edited by Jerome Flannery. The most 
 complete year book of the game that has 
 ever been published in America. It con- 
 tains all the records of the previous year, 
 reports of special matches, official rules 
 and pictures of all the leading teams and 
 individual players. Price 10 cents. 
 
An Encyclopedia of Base Ball 
 
 Attention is called to the following' ten numbers of Spalding's Athletic 
 Library, embracing the greatest collection of books of instruction for 
 playing the various positions in the game that has ever been published. 
 These books are entirely new and up-to-date, and contain the latest 
 methods of play, as only last season's star players were consulted in their 
 compilation. Each number is complete in itself and is profusely illus- 
 trated. Be sure and ask for Spalding's Athletic Library. Price 10 cents 
 for each book. For detailed description see following numbers; 
 
 No. 223-How to Bat 
 
 The most important part of ball playing 
 nowadays, outside of pitching, is batting. 
 The team that can bat and has some good 
 pitchers can win base ball games ; there- 
 fore, every boy and young man who has, of 
 course, already learned to catch, should 
 turn his attention to this department of the 
 game, and there is no better way of becom- 
 ing proficient than by reading this book and 
 then constantly practising the little tricks explained therein. It is full of 
 ffood advice to batsmen, and many good batters will be surprised to find 
 contained in it so many points of which they were unaware. Edited by 
 Jesse F. Matteson of the Chicago American, and profusely illustrated. 
 Price 10 cents. 
 
 ^-^^^ 
 
 No. 224-How to Play the 
 Outfield. 
 
 Compiled especially for the young player 
 who would become an expert. The best 
 book on playing the outfield that has ever 
 been published. There are just as many 
 tricks to be learned, before a player can 
 be a competent fielder, as there are in any 
 other position on a nine, and this book ex- 
 plains them all. Illustrated with numerous 
 page pictures of leading outfielders. Price 10 cents. 
 
 No. 225-How to Play First Base 
 
 No other position on a ball team has 
 shown such a change for the better in 
 recent years as first base. Modifications in 
 line with the betterment of the sport in 
 every department have been made at inter- 
 vals, but in no other department have they 
 been so radical. No boy who plays the 
 initial sack can afford to overlook the points 
 and hints contained in this book. Entirely 
 new and up to date. Illustrated with full 
 pasre pictures of all the prominent first basemen. Price 10 cents. 
 
 ^V 
 
No. 226-How to Play Second Base 
 
 There are so few men who can cover 
 second base to perfection that their names 
 can easily be called off by anyone who fol- 
 lows the game of base ball. Team owners 
 who possess such players would not part 
 with them for thousands of dollars. These 
 men have been interviewed and their ideas 
 incorporated in this book for the especial 
 benefit of boys who want to know the fine 
 points of play at this point of the diamond. 
 Illustrated with full page pictures. Edited 
 by J. E. Wray, sporting editor Globe-Democrat, St. Louis. Price 10 cents. 
 
 No. 227-How to Play Third Base 
 
 Third base is, in some respects, the most 
 important of the infield. No major league 
 team has ever won a pennant without a 
 great third baseman. Collins of the Boston 
 Americans and Leach of Pittsburg are two 
 of the greatest third basemen the game 
 has ever seen, and their teams owe much 
 of the credit for pennants they have won 
 to them. These men in this book describe 
 just how they play the position. Every- 
 thing a player should know is clearly set 
 
 forth and any boy will surely increase his chances of success by a careful 
 
 reading of this book. Illustrated. Price 10 cents. 
 
 No. 228-How to Play Short- 
 stop 
 
 Shortstop is one of the hardest positions 
 on the infield to fill, and quick thought and 
 quick action are necessary for a player 
 who expects to make good as a shortstop. 
 The views of every well known player who 
 covers this position have been sought in 
 compiling this book, and it is offered as be- 
 ing the most complete book of its class ever 
 
 produced. The boy who would excel at short needs to study it thoroughly. 
 
 Illustrated. Price 10 cents. 
 
 No. 229-How to Catch 
 
 Undoubtedly the best book on catching 
 that has yet been published. Every boy 
 who has hopes of being a clever catcher 
 should read how well known players cover 
 their position. Among the more noted 
 ones who describe their methods of play in 
 this book are Lou Criger of the Boston 
 Americans, Johnnie Kling of the Chicago 
 Nationals and Jack O'Connor of the St. 
 
 Louis Browns. The numerous pictures in the book comprise those of all 
 
 the noted catchers in the big leagues. Price 10 cents. 
 
A 
 
 No. 230-How to Pitch 
 
 A new, up-to-date book. Published for 
 the first time this year. No boy can afford 
 to be without a copy of it. Edited by John 
 B. Foster of the Evening Telegram (New 
 York). The object of this book is to aid 
 the beginners who aspire to become clever 
 twirlers, and its contents are the practical 
 teaching of men who have reached the top 
 as pitchers, and who have had experience, 
 both as members of the best clubs playing 
 base ball and as contenders against teams 
 that have enjoyed national reputations. Cy Young, the famous Boston 
 American pitcher, whose steadiness in the box is proverbial, gives advice 
 on control of the ball and tells what a boy should do to obtain it; Sam 
 Leever of the Pittsburgs shows how to pitch the outcurve; "William Di- 
 neen of the Boston Americans tells how to pitch an inshoot; Thomas 
 Hughes gives hints on pitching the drop; Joe McGinnity, the "iron man," 
 of the New York Nationals, explains how he uses his successful raise 
 ball and his famous "cross fire"; Christy Mathewson, the pride of the 
 New York Polo Grounds, discusses the body swing; Frank Hahn, who ia 
 left-handed, has something of interest to those who use that member; 
 John J. McGraw, New York Giants' brilliant manager, discourses on the 
 pitcher as a fielder, and as he started in his base ball career as a twirler, 
 his advice has grounds for attention; Al Orth, the "curveless wonder," 
 tells how to make a batter do what you want him to do; John Powell ex- 
 plains how to act when runners are on bases; Charley Nichols, the former 
 pitcher of the Boston Nationals and now manager of the St. Louis Na- 
 tionals, describes the jump ball; Frank Sparks treats of change of pace, 
 and Jack Chesbro, the star of the New York Americans' pitching corps, 
 describes at length the "spit" ball, of which he is so famous an exponent. 
 The book is profusely illustrated. Price 10 cents. 
 
 No. 231-How to Coach; How to Captain a Team; 
 How to Manage a Team; How to Umpire: How 
 to Organize a League. 
 
 A useful guide to all who are interested 
 in the above subjects. Jimmy Collins, 
 manager-captain of the Boston Americans, 
 writes on coaching; M. J. Kelly of the St. 
 Paul champions, on captaining; Al Buck- 
 enberger of the Boston Nationals, on 
 managing; Frank Dwyer of the American 
 League staff, on umpiring; Fred Lake on 
 minor leagues, and the editor of the book, 
 T. H. Murnane, President of the New 
 England League, on how to organize a league. Price 10 cents. 
 
 No. 232-How to Run the Bases 
 
 The importance of base running as a 
 scientific feature of the national game is 
 becoming more and more recognized each 
 year. Besides being spectacular, feats of 
 base stealing nearly always figure in the 
 winning of a game. Many a close contest 
 1 s decided on the winning of that little strip 
 of 90 feet which lies between cushions. 
 When hits are few and the enemy's pitchers 
 steady, it becomes incumbent on the op- 
 posing team to get around the bases in 
 some manner. Effective stealing not only increases the effectiveness of 
 
APR 2'% V 
 
 the team by advancing its runners withoi't wasting hits, but it serves 
 to materially disconcert the enemy and frequently has caused an entire 
 opposing club to temporarily lose its poise and throw away the game. 
 This book gives clear and concise directions for excelling as a base runner; 
 tells when to run and when not to do so ; how and when to slide ; team 
 work on the bases ; in fact, every point of the game is thoroughly ex- 
 plained. In addition such clever men as Harry Bay, the fleet footed 
 Clevelander; Frank Chance, Bill Dahlen and Hans Wagner describe their 
 methods of action. Illustrated with pictures of leading players. Price 
 10 cents. 
 
 No. 233-Jiu Jitsu 
 
 A complete description of this famous Japanese system of self-defence. 
 Each move thoroughly explained and illustrated with numerous full page 
 pictures of Messrs. A. Minami and K. Koyama, two of the most famous 
 exponents of the Jiu Jitsu in America, who posed especially for this 
 book. Be sure and ask for the Spalding» Athletic Library book on Jiu 
 Jitsu. Price 10 cents. 
 
 Spalding*s Athletic Library is for sale by all 
 
 department stores, athletic and sporting 
 
 goods dealers and newsdealers. 
 
 SPALDING'S HOME LIBRARY 
 
 Devoted to Games and Amusements for the Home Circle 
 
 1-Chess 
 
 2-Whist 
 
 3— Dominoes and Dice 
 
 4— Poker 
 
 5 — Backgammon 
 
 6-Euchre 
 
 7- Billiards 
 
 8— Ecarte 
 
 9— Checkers 
 10— Bezique 
 11- Pool 
 12— Pinochle 
 13— Lotto 
 14— Hearts 
 15— Re vers i 
 
 16— Piquet 
 
 17-Go-Bang 
 
 18— Games of Patience 
 
 19— Children's Games 
 
 20— Cribbage 
 
 21— Drawing Room Games 
 
 22— Group of Card Games 
 
 23— Children's Games 
 
 24— Group of Card Games 
 
 25— Drawing Room Games 
 
 26— Group of Card Games 
 
 27— Children's Games 
 
 28-Skat 
 
 29— Drawing Room Games 
 
 33- Baccarat 
 
 PRICE lO CENTS PER COPY 
 
 LBAgtl5 
 
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 006 010 860 2 # F