Class Book. COPYRIGHT DEPOSIT KliNGDOiN'S DICTIONARY OF THE WHITE MOUNTAINS AND OTIIKll NEW-ENGLAND SUMMER RESORTS. BOSTON: PUBLISHED BY THE AUTHOR. 1894. KINGDON'S DICTIONARY OF THE WHITE MOUNTAINS AND OTHER NEW-ENGLAND SUMMER RESORTS. BOSTON: ^ PUBLISHED BY THE AUTHOR. ^^ "^ /""^ 1894. ^ v\» Copyright, 1S94, By S. S. Kingdon. All Rights Reserved. HI- John Wilson and Son, Cambridge, U.S.A. INTRODUCTIO^N". The aim in the preparation of this book has been to present the information it contains in a convenient and concise form for ready reference, and in such a manner as to secure the greatest possible facility for consultation. All superfluous and unimportant matter has been studiously excluded, thus securing economy of space and price without omitting mate- rial facts. Necessarily many interesting and attractive resorts have been omitted, for to include all the places in New England where a summer vacation may be pleasantly and profitably passed would be to mention nearly every town and hamlet within the territory included in this book. It is believed that no place of popular resort has been overlooked, and that all their principal attractions have been referred to. No mention of hotels has been made, but the tourist will find excellent accommodations at all the princi- pal places. No statement, endorsement, or recom- mendation in this book has been influenced by any one, and the advertising matter has been confined to its proper place at the end of the book. While much care has been taken to make this Dictionary accurate and trustworthy, it is probable that some errors may have crept in, and the Editor will be grateful for any corrections and suggestions he may receive. S. S. Kingdon. NEW-ENGLAND SUMMER RESORTS. Agassiz Basin. See North Woodstock. Albany Basins. See Bethel. Altar, The. A strange-looking stone of large size and unusual form on Mt. Lafayette. [See Mt. Lafayette]. The name it bears is derived from a fancied resemblance to the old Runic remains of a similar character. Alton Bay, N. H., a village on the Northern Divi- sion of the Boston & Maine Railroad, at the most southern point of Lake AVinnipesaukee, is situated at the head of a narrow estuary, which appears more like a river than a lake. The Adventists hold campmeetings there. From Sheep Mountain, two miles north, there is a fine view of the lake ; also from Prospect Hill and Mt. Major. Lougee Pond, about seven miles distant, is noted for its tame fish. The most interesting excursion is to the summit of Mt. Belknap, 10 miles distant. The view from the summit, 2062 feet above the sea, is very fine. Amherst, N. H. A pleasant rural town on the Keene branch of the Southern Division of the Bos- ton & Maine Railroad, 48 miles from Boston. Mil- ford Springs, one and a half miles from the station, have a reputation for their curative properties. Ammonoosuc Falls. See Fabyans. 6 ANDOVER Andover, N. H. a village on the Connecticut River Division of the Boston & Maine Railroad, 104 miles from Boston. In the vicinity are Ea^le Pond, four miles long, and Ragged Mountain, overlooking it and the course of Blackwater River. Appalachian Cascade. See Jackson. AppLEDORE Island. 8ee Isle of Shoals. Artlsts' Falls. See Xorth Conway. AsQUAM Lakes, popularly known as the Great and Little Squam, but restored to their ancient name of Asquam, with their lesser sister, Minni- squam, the largest of which is six miles long and three miles across at its broadest part, lie among the southern foot-hills of the White Mountains, half a dozen miles to the northeast of Lake Winni- pesaukee, and about four miles east of Ashland, a pretty town on the Concord & Montreal Rail- road. They are beautiful bodies of water, dotted with numerous small islands, and having shores irregular in form and picturesque in appearance. Baby Twins. See Twin Mountain Station. Bald Mountain. One of the Franconia Range. 2310 feet high, from the summit of which a tine view can be had. The top is reached by a compar- atively easy walk over a disused carriage road of a mile and a half from the Franconia S'otch. [See Franconia Xotch.] For another mountain of this name, see Lenox. Bar Harbor, on the eastern shore of Mt. Desert [See Mt. Desert], and just opposite the Porcupine Islands, derives its name from a sandy bar, visible only at low tide, which connects Mt. Desert with the largest and northermost of the I*orcupine group. It is a popular and fashionable resort, on account of the tine scenery, the boating, and the fishing. Excursions can be made in carriages or on foot to the summit of Green Mountain, 1702 feet high, from which can be obtained a view embrac- ing the whole of the island. Frenchman's Bay, with its many islands, and the ocean on the one hand, and a vast stretch of the Maine coast on the other. It is said that Katahdin, 100 miles distant, and Mt. Washington, 140 miles aw^ay, can be seen from this point. Eagle Lake is visible at intervals during the ascent, and half way up a short detour BARNES' FALLS 7 will bring the tourist to it. Mt. Newport is as- cended from the Schooner Head road, and Kebo, the summit of which may be reached in half an hour, affords a fine prospect. A pleasant drive of seven miles through the woods will bring one to the Ovens, a series of cavities worn in the cliffs by the action of the tide, some of which are large enough to contain 30 or 40 people. They can only be visited at low tide. The Via Mala is a curious archway in one of the projecting cliffs. Schooner Head, so named from the resemblance that a mass of white rock on its sea face bears to a small schooner, is on the seaward side of the island, four miles south of Bar Harbor. The Spouting Horn is a wide chasm in the cliff, which extends down to the water, and opens to the sea through a small archway below high-water mark. At high tide, and especially in stormy weather, the waves rush through this archway, and send a spout of water far above the summit of the cliff. Great Head, two miles south of Schooner Head, is the highest head- land between Cape Cod and New Brunswick. It is a bold projecting mass, the base of which has been deeply gashed by the waves. The best view of its front is obtained by descending to the foot of the cliff. Farther south are the Otter Creek Cliffs, situated near Otter Creek, a small stream. The most interesting feature of these cliffs is Thunder Cave, reached from the road by an excellent path through the forest. This is a long, low gallery, into which the waves rush with great force, pro- ducing a sound closely resembling thunder. Near it is the Obelisk, a tall, pointed column, with an apparently artificial base of steps, bearing a close resemblance to a monument of stone. On the cliffs to the westward is Castle Head, the wall of which looks like the ruins of a castle. About nine miles southwest of Bar Harbor is Jordan's Pond, a beautiful lake two miles long and half a mile wide, surrounded by picturesque mountain scenery, and abounding in fish. Cromwell's Cave, the Pulpit, the Indian's Foot, and the Assyrian, a rock figure in one of the cliff sides, are in this vicinity. Barnes' Falls. See Wilton. Bartlett, N. H., noted for its magnificent sur- roundings, is on the main road leading to the Crawford Notch [see Crawford Notch], and forms an important station of the Maine Central Rail- 8 BASIN, THE ' road. It is situated on the Saco River, and is hemmed in by grand mountains. Basix, The. A beautiful freak of nature near the roadside in the Franconia Xotch [see Franconia Notch], about a mile from the southerly entrance. Here the waters of the Pemigewasset fall over a rocky ledge, a few feet in height, into a deep hol- low in the solid granite, formed by the continual action of the water and mingled stones and bowl- ders from above. The diameter of the basin is about 30 feet in its shortest width, and 40 feet in its longest. Its circumference is about (iO feet, and its depth ordinarily about 15 feet. It is filled at all seasons with cold, pure, and pellucid water, through which the bottom of the basin can be dis- tinctly seen. The waters, in escaping over the side, form a series of beautiful waterfalls. Bass Rock, 30 miles from Boston, on the Eastern Division of the Boston & Maine Railroad, is situ- ated on the high rocky shore of Gloucester, Mass., between Eastern Point and Rockport. It com- mands an extensive view of land and sea. Good Harbor Beach, three quarters of a mile in length, is the finest on the North Shore for surf bathing, and is safe at any time of tide. There is also a shallow inlet, with clean sand bottom, which is a favorite place for those who prefer still -water bathing. There are many fine drives, and sailing and deep-sea fishing are favorite ])astimes. Bay of Naples. See Sebago J^ake. Beach Bluffs. See Swampscott. Beach Mountain. See Southwest Harbor. Beamis Pond. A small sheet of water in Crawford Notch [see Crawford Notch], the source of Saw- yer's River. It was formerly a favorite resort for trout fishers. Bear River Notch. See Grafton Notch. Berlin Falls, six miles from Gorham [see Gor- ham], are reached by a carriage road along the course of the Androscoggin River. At this point for a course of a mile the river descends nearly 200 feet, swift, rapid, and broken here and there by a direct and powerful fall, and by some it is regarded as one of the most interesting falls in the country. Bethel, Me., a pretty town on the Grand Trunk Railway, 21 miles from Gorham, has many places of interest. On one side, 12 miles distant, are the Al- bany Basins, worn out of the solid granite, and, on BETHLEHEM 9 the other, 18 miles distant, are the Rumford Falls, where the Androscoggin River makes a descent of 160 feet in three pitches, and within the space of a quarter of a mile. There is one sheer descent of 70 feet. Fifteen miles from Bethel are Screw Au- ger Falls. Bethlehem, N. H. A beautiful village, 201 miles from Boston, famous for its view of the whole range of the AVhite Mountains. It was first settled in 1790, under the name of Lord's Hill. In 1803 the town consisted only of a few log huts, and to- day it is the site of some of the largest and most famous hotels in the world. Its elevation, 1489 feet, is claimed to be greater than that of any town in New England, and no town in the mountain region has made such marked and rapid growth. With the Franconia Range on the one hand and the Presidential Range upon the other, the chief mountain outlooks are grand in the extreme, while every principal point is easily accessible. Besides the wonderful view of the White Mountains to be had from any part of the village, in the northwest are to be seen some noble white marble mountains in Vermont which have the appearance of being covered with snow. From Mt. Agassiz, which is a little southeast of the village, and 2042 feet high, and also from many lesser elevations, wide-sweep- ing views may be had. The exemption of the town from hay fever has made it a famous resort for in- valids. The drives from here to Franconia, Little- ton, and other points of interest, are through the most grand and diversified scenery in the moun- tains, and add greatly to the attractions of the vil- lage as a summer home. A spur of the, Profile & Franconia Notch Railroad ascends the hill, and traverses the outskirts of the village from one end to the other, connecting at Bethlehem Junction with the White Mountain branch of the Concord & Montreal Railroad. Beverly Farms, a favorite sea-side home of citi- zens of Boston, who own beautiful residence there, is on the Eastern Division of the Boston & Maine Railroad, 20 miles from Boston. The beaches are fine, and from there to Manchester-by-the-Sea are to be seen some of the best examples of landscape gardening in the country. Boar's Head. See Hampton Beach. Boston & Maine Railroad. The direct connect- 10 BRENTON'S COVE ing link between Boston and the PresidentialRange of the White Mountains. For 110 miles, or a little more than four hours' ride, the journey is made through some of the most lovely and picturesque landscapes in Massachusetts and New Hampshire. From Wolfeboro Centre, the first mountain station on the road, a branch road, about 12 miles long, runs to Wolfeboro, where close connection is made with the fine boats on Lake Winnipesaukee. One desiring to ride the entire length of the lake should take the branch road at Kochester, X. II., for Alton Bay. [See Wolfeboro and Alton Bay]. In this way the whole western side of the mountains, in- cluding the Franconia Range, can be reached, and the tour be extended over an almost unlimited and inexhaustible territory. An hour's ride on the main road from Wolfeboro Junction, with the mountains continually in sight, and Conway, the southern entrance to the great Crawford Xotch, is reached. Five miles beyond is North Conway, where the cars pass on to the tracks of the ;Maine Central Railroad, and at Bartlett, 10 miles beyond, passengers are transferred to observation cars, with no additional expense, from which they can view uninterruptedlv the grandeur and wonders of the Notch. [See Crawford Notch]. The East- ern Division of the road is the direct route by rail to the resorts along the North Shore, including the Isles of Shoals, Wells Beach, Old Orchard, and Bar Harbor. Bhentox's Cove. See Newport, B. I. BuEXTox's PoiXT. See Xewi)()it, 1\. I. Bridal Veil Falls. A beautiful cascade near Franconia [see Franconia] of 75 feet descent, upon Copper Mine Brook, which fiows down the west- ern slope of Mt. Kinsman. Bridgtox, Me., a thriving village lying about 40 miles northwest of Portland, is pleasantly situated within a mile of the steamboat landing near the head of Sebago Lake navigation. [See Sebago Lake.] It was originally named Pondicherry, from the number of ponds and cherry trees in the vicin- ity, and rechristened Bridgton after a person of the name of Bridges. It is reached from Sebago, a station on the ^Slalne Central Railroad, by a de- lightful sail over the lake and the Songo River, or by the Bridgton & Saco River Railroad from the junction of the two roads at Bridgton Junction, CALDEON CLIFF 11 19miles beyond Sebago. The neighborhood pos- sesses many pleasant walks and drives. The prin- cipal places of interest are Highland Lake, Dodge's Hill, Sunset Rock, and Forest Avenue, near by; and in the immediate vicinity, Mt. Pleasant [see Mt. Pleasant], Long Lake, North Bridgton Acad- emy, home and grave of " Artemas Ward," Sum- mit Mineral Spring, and the boyhood home of Nathaniel Hawthorne. Caldron Cliff. See Nahant. Camel's Hump, one of the principal peaks of the Green Mountain Kange [See Green Mountains], is 4188 feet high. It may be ascended without much difficulty from two sides, but it is most conven- iently visited from Ridley's Station, a small village on the Vermont Central Railway, five miles below Waterbury, Vt. [see Waterbury]. Carriages run from the station to the summit of the mountain, three miles, and the remainder of the ascent may be made either on horseback or on foot. The mountain is covered with jagged rocks, and the imposing scene from the summit is in no way ob- structed by trees or other obstacles. The view closely rosembles that from Mt. Mansfield [see Mt. Mansfield], except that that noble peak now forms one of tho most striking features of the landscape. The beautiful Bolton Falls are a little below Rid- ley's Station. Campton. a beautiful little village on the Pemige- wasset Valley Railroad, seven miles from Ply- mouth, N. H., and 133 miles from Boston. It is situated on the Mad River, two miles from its con- fluence with the Pemigewasset, and is rapidly be- coming a favorite resort with tourists, as it has long been with sportsmen and artists It is said to contain more points for fine prospects than any place in the neighborhood. One of the prominent objects seen while traversing this part of the route is the shapely mass of Welch Mountain, which rises to the height of 3500 feet, north of the valley. Mt. Weetamo, 2540 feet high, is on the south side, and the summits of both are visited on account of their extended view. Up the valley Trypyramid and Sandwich Dome are to be seen. Cape Neddick. See York Beach. 12 CAKTEK DOME Carter Dome. See Carter Notch. Carter Mountain. See Carter Notch. Carter Notch. A wild and picturesque pass be- tween Carter and Wild Cat mountains. It is about 10 miles from Jackson, N. H. [see Jackson], and is reached by following the carriage road up the Wild Cat Itiver for six miles, and a foot path through the woods on the right for four miles. The path is very well detined, but it is tortuous and rugged. It was built and is kept in repair by a hunter and guide named Jonathan Davis, who lives near the terminus of the carriage r(jad, and exacts a fee of 25 cents for its use. The Notch is remarkable as a scene of grandeur and desolation. Massive rocks 20 feet high are piled promiscuous- ly in the valley formed by the two mountains, and they appear to have been thrown there by some great convulsion of nature. In the midst of the Notch is a small pond which serves but to add to the loneliness of the scene. Wild Cat Mountain rises abruptly from the valley 4350 feet, and Carter Mountain and Dome on the opposite side, 4S;>() and 4702 feet. From the top of one of the rocks, called The Pulpit, reached by a rude stairway, a tine view of the entire Notch can be had. There is a rude camp with a bed, stove, and cooking utensils, where parties are in the habit of spending the night; the round trip, unless carriages or horses are used the lirst six miles, being a dirticult feat to accomplish in one day. There is a foot path from The Glen [see The Glen] to the Notch which is about two miles in length. Cascade, The. A continuous fall of water from Flume Brook [see Flume Brook,] of more than 600 feet, with a gradual descent, but occasionally quite abrupt. It is near the southerly end of the Fran- con ia Notch [see Franconia Notch], about three- quarters of a mile from the main road, in a south- easterly direction. A good carriage road leads to the lower part of the Cascade, and a footpath leads up the course of the stream. Catsuptic Lake. See IJangeley Lakes. Centre IIakdok, a pretty town, ten miles distant from The W^eirs by steamer, lies at the northern extremity or head of Lake Winnipesaukee, near 'Squam Lake [see Asquam Lake], and is 553 feet above the level of the sea. The location is a beau- tiful one and has always been deservedly popular. CHOCOKUA 13 The chief object of interest in the immediate vi- cinity is Red Hill. [See Red Hill.] Another place ot almost equal interest is Shepard Hill, two miles distant on the carriage road between Centre Har- bor and Ashland. It rises 800 feet in the centre of the land dividing the three Asquam lakes. The grandeur and beauty of the view from the summit is marvellous, embracing, as it does, not only the three lakes mentioned, but the most picturesque portion of Lake Winnipesaukee. It is the subject of Whittier's poem, "The Hill-Top." It was for years a favorite view of the Quaker poet, and he visited it every summer. Chocorua (•' The Old Bear "), one of the most nota- ble of the lower peaks of the White Mountain Range. It is 3540 feet high, and without vegeta- tion other than such as a few blueberries and cranberries create. It is noted for its steepness, the sharpness of its apex, and the extended view from its summit. It is, in fact, a granite moun- tain, with pinnacles and precipices, sharp, angular peaks, and unexpected descents; when viewed from certain positions, its top seems actually to overhang. It takes its name from an Indian chief who, tradition says, was shot on the summit by Cornelius Campbell, a settler, whose wife and children the Indian had murdered. The tradition says further, that the "Old Bear" with his dying breath, cursed the mountain, and a pestilence among the cattle, and other calamities, were for- merly ascribed to its influence. The ascent, which is very difficult, can be made from Ossipee. [See Ossipee.] Chocorua Lake. A beautiful body of water at the foot of Chocorua Mountain. Claremont, N. H. a very pleasantly situated town on the Connecticut River, 129 miles from Boston, on the Concord & Claremont Branch of the Concord & Montreal Railroad. The surround- ing scenery is on a grand scale, Ascutney Moun- tain, across the river in Vermont, looming above in its grandeur and overlooking the town, while to the northeast Green and Bald mountains are only a part of the grander Croydon Mountain, a prominent feature of the landscape a little farther removed. Clifton. See Swampscott. COHASSET, a pleasant village on the rocky coast of 14 COLD BROOK Massachusetts, is twenty-one and a half miles from Boston, via the Old Colony Division of the New York, New Haven and Hartford Railroad. The coast line here is extremely rugged and broken, but picturesque and romantic, and is lined with villas and hotels. Minot's Ledge Lighthouse is situated here. Two and a half miles distant, in the direction of Boston, is Nantasket, a popular seaside resort, with a beautiful beach four miles long, with steamboat connections with Boston. Cold Bi:ook. See Randolph. CoNAxicuT Island. See Newport, R. I. CoNCOKD, N. IL, the capital of New Hampshire, is pleasantly situated on level and gradually rising land overlooking the wide intervales of the Merri- mack River, 75 miles from Boston, on the Concord & Montreal Railroad, It was originally called Penacook, from an Indian tribe over which Passa- conaway held sway, whose home was near by; afterwards called Rumford, then Bow, and, in 1705, Concord. Included in the city limits are East and AVest Concord. It is one of the most in- teresting inland cities of New England. Its typog- raphy presents a wonderful variety, consisting of hills and wide-spreading intervales, winding riv- ers, swift rapids, and calmly nestling lakes. Through the centre of the city north Hows the tor- tuous Merrimack, and the Contoocook enters from the northwest corner. The hills of Concord would in many states be designated as mountains, for one — the Rattlesnake — rises from near the centre of the city to a height of 500 feet above the river. CoNCOKD & Montreal Railroad. The princi- pal connecting link, with the Southern Division of the Boston & Maine Railroad, between Boston and the mountain region of New Hampshire. Through its branches it brings even the lofty summit of Mt. Washington within a comparatively few hours' ride of New York and Philadelphia. It traverses the beautiful valley of the Merrimack, following the river as far as Concord, N. H., near which it is crossed for the last time. The road then leaves the river banks, and, passing through Tilton, La- conia, and Lake Village, and a region unsurpassed for the picturesqueness of its scenery, enters upon the banks of Lake AVinnipesaukee. At Laconia connection is made with the Lake Shore Branch, CONWAY 15 which skirts the southerly shores of the lake to Alton Bay. At The Weirs, where connection is made by the main line by steamboat with Centre Harbor, Wolfeboro, and other points on the lake, this beautiful body of water is seen stretching out to the eastward, while the distant mountains form a blue border of exquisite loveliness. [See Lake Winnipesaukee.] At Plymouth connection is made with trains on the Pemigewasset Valley Branch, which runs to North Woodstock, and leaving the Pemigewasset River, the main road ascends the valley of Baker's River, passes through Rumney, with Mt. Stinson upon the right, and the Mt. Carr Range upon the left. Farther along Rattlenake Mountain is seen on the right, and high hills are on every side. The highest point on the line, 10()3 feet above the sea, is reached at Warren Summit. Mts. Carr, Waternomee, and Kinneo are upon the right, and Mt. Mist and Webster's Slide upon the left. At East Haverhill two prominent mountains on the right are Black and Sugar Loaf. At Haver- hill, a few miles further on, the Connecticut valley is reached, and on the opposite side of the Connec- ticut River is Mt. Pulaski, and in the distance down the river is to be seen the shapely peak of Mt. Ascutney. The road now follows the banks of the Ammonoosuc River, which enters the Con- necticut at Woodsville, passing through a succes- sion of the most picturesque scenery to Littleton. At Wing Read the railroad branches oft" to Bethle- hem Junction, where connection is made with the Profile & Franconia Notch Railroad, which runs down to the Notch, while the main road continues on past the Twin Mountains to Fabyans. From Wing Road the principal line connects at White- field with the Whitefield & Jefferson Branch, tak- ing passengers to all of the principal resorts north of the Presidential Range, and to Lancaster and Groveton, where it connects with the Grand Trunk Railway. Conway, N. H., on the Northern Division of the Boston & Maine Railroad, a village locally known as "Conway Corners," and anciently bearing the name of "Chatauque," is pleasantly situated about five miles south of North Conway [see North Conway], in the valley of the Saco, at the conflu- ence of the Saco and Swift rivers, and amidst peaceful and rural scenery. It is a favorite re- 16 COPPER MINE BROOK treat of persons preferring quiet life to the bustle of a crowded resort. All the picturesque places within easy distance from Xorth Conway can be readily reached, Avhile the village is half a dozen miles nearer to such popular objects of interest as Chocorua Lake and Mountain, Jockey Cap, Moat Mountain, Kidge Road and Lovell's Pond. Copper Mine Brook. See Franconia. CoppLE Crown. A small mountain five miles from Wolfboro. [See Wolfboro.] It is but about 2100 feet high, and maybe easily ascended.. Carriages can be used, if desired, to convey the tourist from the village to within a mile of the summit, and the ascent can be made on horseback. The view from the summit is very tine. Lake Winnipesaukee, which forms a part of all the views in this vicinitj^ is visible for nearly its whole length. Belknap and Gunstock, with the mountains of the Merri- mack valley, stretch away toward the west. To the south is a comprehensive view of forest and meadow, with ponds and villages dotting the land- scape. The Ossipee and Sandwich ranges tower above the lake to the northwest. Almost due north, Chocorua, with Mount Washington high above it, indicates the White Mountain region. The ocean can be seen on a perfectly clear day. Crawford, Aijel, the "Patriarch of the Moun- tains," for whom the Crawford Xotch was named [see Crawford Xotch]. In its midst he lived and reared his family, and at the age of 70 he made the first ascent ever made to the summit of Mt. Wash- ington on horseback. When he was SO years of age he was accustomed to walk to his son's house at the "Gate of the Notch" before breakfast, a distance of five miles. He was one of the first guides of that region. Crawford Bridle Path, before the ^It. Washing- ton Carriage Road and Railroad, the principal route to the summit of Mt. Washington. Bayard Taylor calls it "by far the most compensating road to the summit," and its great advantage con- sists in the fact that it atf ords a view from several mountain peaks. It was cut by Ethan Crawford [see Ethaii Crawford], and is now disused for horses, but pedestrians find it an interesting and delightful feature of mountain travel. It is about nine miles long and in places very steep and rough. It starts from the base of Mt Clinton, in Crawford CRAWFORD, ETHAN ALLEN 17 Plateau [see Crawford Plateau], and ascends for two or three miles through a dense forest to near the summit, 4320 above the sea. At this height the trees have dwindled away to a few stunted firs, growing from between the crevices of the rocks. Just before reaching the top, a region of dead trees, supposed to have been killed by the intense frosts of 1812 and 1816, are passed. The path lies a little to the north of the summit, giving a won- derful and comprehensive view. Towards the east, almost directly in front, is to be seen the conical summit of Mt. Kearsarge, and behind, Mt. Willard and the other mountains around the Notch. In descending the narrow ridge which joins Mt. Clinton, on the right is to be seen, at the depth of 2,000 feet, the vast forest through which win is the Mt. Washington River, and beyond is a long range of hills, and on the left at a similar depth the Ammonoosic River. The path passes around the southern side of Mt. Pleasant, several hundred feet below the summit, and enters on a plain lying at the foot of Mt. Franklin, and ex- tends to near its summit. The ascent here is quite arduous, the path winding along to the northwest of the mountain. By leaving the path for a short distance to the right, the highest point may be reached, and a grand view to the southeast ob- tained. Far to the south may be seen the four beautiful peaks of Chocorua. On the almost per- pendicular eastern side of the mountain, can be seen after it is passed, the long scar left by a slide which occurred in the summer of 1857. The path now passes around the southeastern side of Mt- Monroe, several hundred feet below the summit, on the right of which is Oake's Gulf. [See Oake's Gulf.] From this point the first view of Mt. Washington is obtained, the summit, which looks like an irregular pyramidal pile of great brown stones, is nearly fifteen hundred feet above. The cone of the mountain is reached by way of an ex- tended plateau, which is at first quite smooth, but nearer the mountain is covered with great boul- ders. The path winds among these rocks, and is marked in various ways. The ascent of Mt. Washington is made from the southwestern side, and is not difficult. Crawford, Ethan Allen, the "Giant of the Hills," son of Abel, cut the first bridle path [see z 18 CRAWFORD NOTCH Crawford Bridle Path] to the summit of Mt. Wash- ington in 1821. He resided at that time near the Giant's Grave on the north side of the Crawford Notch. [See Crawford Xotch.] In fact, all of the old paths on the western side of the mountains were cut by the Crawfords. Ethan was famous not only as a j?uide, but as a hunter. Crawford or Wuite Mountain Notch. A nar- row pass, about 12 miles long, lying between Mts. Willard, Willey, and Nancy on the west, and Webster, Jackson, and Crawford on the east. There is probably nothing grander in the way of scenery than is encompassed within those few miles, and the view obtained from the railroad track winding along the sides of the mountains, is even finer than that obtained from the carriage road. In going through the Notch on the Maine Central from North Conway, the tourist follows up the course of the Saco River and Rocky Branch River, and enters the Notch at Bartlett, a small village, where observation cars are provided. A little to the left are the three peaks of Tripyramid Mountain, about 4200 feet high. A high rock close to the carriage road on the left hand is called Sawyer's Rock [see below], and a little beyond this is Hart's Ledge and a small stream called Sawyer's River. The first point of special interest is Nancy's Brook, named for a girl from .Jefferson, who, in the winter of IT-SS, followed her runaway lover through the wilderness of the Notch, and, becoming exhausted, was frozen to death near the brook. Half a mile beyond is Bemis Station where is to be seen the old Mount Crawford House, one of the oldest and, in its day, most popular houses of the region, kept by old Abel Crawford. [See Abel Crawford.] It is now a farm house. Up the valley of the Saco is to be seen Mt. Crawford, the southern peak of which is -"iliU feet high, and the northern, .3.500. Between them is Mt. Resolu- tion, 341)0 feet high. Looking up the gorge, Mt. Webster, 4000 feet high, is to be seen on the right, and Mt. Willey, 4300 feet high, on the left. The rounded summit of Mt. Willard, 2570 feet, forms a background to the picture, and the Giant's Stairs are distinctly visible beyond the river on the right. The train now passes over that wonderful piece of engineering skill, the Frankenstein trestle, 500 feet long and 80 feet high, and built entirely of iron. CEAWFORD NOTCH 19 Two miles further on the famous Willey House is seen far down in the valley, the scene of the terri- ble tragedy enacted by the elements in 1826, when Samuel Willey, jr., his wife and five children, and two hired men perished by being buried in a land- slide that occurred on the 28th of August of that year. The bodies of three of the children still lie engulfed in the mass of rocks and earth that, pre- cipitated from the side of Mt. Willey, covered a space in the valley nearly a mile in length. The railroad winds around the side of the mountains several hundred feet above the Saco for a number of miles, affording excellent views of the scenery of the valley. Willey Brook is crossed on a bridge nearly 100 feet high, and the train continues along the foot of Mt. Willard, passing through the northern gate of the Notch, a narrow cut 50 feet deep in the solid rock, and stopping in front of the Crawford House, a short distance beyond. From here there is a bridle path to the summit of Mt. Washington, long disused except by pedestrians. Mt. Willard is easily ascended by pedestrians from here, and the view from its summit, especially in the afternoon, has attractions to be found only at this point. Near the summit is a remarkable cav- ern known as the "Devil's Den," which, however, is only accessible by means of ropes. Among the places of interest in this vicinity are the "Old Maid of the Mountain," a great stone face on a spur of Mt. Webster, the " Devil's Pulpit," near the Gate of the Notch, a profile rock called "The Infant," opposite the "Devil's Pulpit," another profile, the "Young Man of the Mountain," Elephant's Head, the Flume, the Silver Cascade, the Sparkling Cas- cade, the Sylvan Glade Cataract, and Gibbs's Falls, all possessing remarkable charms distinctively their own. [See these places under their appropri- ate titles.] Continuing the journey through the valley for four miles, Fabyan's is reached. The great White Mountain Notch was unknown to the white inhabitants until about the year 1771, when a hunter named Nash, if tradition is to be believed, in climbing a tree on Cherry Mountain to look for game, perceived what he thought to be an opening through the unexplored mountains. Making his way in a southeasterly direction, he arrived at the point now known as the Gate of the Notch, then a mere gorge, thi'ough which he entered the great 20 CKAWFORD NOTCH CARRIAGE ROAD passageway between northern and southern Xew Hampshire. Proceeding to Portsmouth, he an- nounced the welcome discovery to Governor Went- worth, who, to test the feasibility of the pass, promised Nash a large tract of land on the north side of the mountains if he would get a horse through and bring him to Portsmouth. Enlisting the aid of a fellow-hunter named Sawyer, he suc- ceeded in the undertaking, though having some- times to draw the horse up high precii)ices with ropes, and let him down on the other side in the same manner. It is told that when they had safely deposited the horse in this way on the last rock on the south side, the jubilant and bibulous Saw- yer drained the last drop from a llask of rum, and, dashing the bottle on the rock, exclaimed, "This shall hereafter be called SaAvyer's Pvock I " and it is known by that name to this day. The land re- ceived as a reward for this feat is now known as Nash and Sawyer's Location. Crawpokd Xotch Carriage Road, the tenth turnpike built in New Hampshire, was incorpora- ted in 1803. It extends through Crawford Notch [see Crawford Notch], and Nash and Sawyer's lo- cation, 20 miles, and cost $;40,0(X). P)efore it was laid out, the old county road crossed the Saco Kiver 32 times in making its way up the valley. Since the railroad was built through the Notch there has been little travel over the carriage road except in summer. Craavford Plateau, a station on the Maine Cen- tral Pailroad, situated at the northern extremity of Crawford Notch [see Crawford Notch], 2000 feet above the sea level. It is the highest point in the valley, and water flows from it in both direc- tions. Near the "Gate of the Notch" is the site of the old Notch House, erected by Ethan Allen Crawford and his father, and kept for years as a public house by Thomas, a brother of Ethan. It was for a long time the largest house of the region. Here the Saco River has its source in a pond called Saco Lake. Numerous paths lead to places of in- terest near by. There is a carriage road to the summit of Mt. Willard [see Mt. WillardJ, and a bridle path to the top of Mt. Washington. [See Crawford Bridle Path.] Crystal Cascade, a beautiful waterfall in Pink- ham Notch [see Pinkham Notch], three miles from CUSHING'S ISLAND 21 the Glen [see The Glen], which is partially fed from the dome of Mt. Washington. It is reached by a pathway throu.i^h the woods about a third of a mile in length, marked by a guideboard at the entrance from the carriage road. A rustic bridge crosses the stream below the fall from which an excellent view is obtained. " Some 70 feet above," quoting Eastman's White Mountain Guide, "we can see the brook pouring in a single stream around the bend. Then the rock broadens into a rough stairway, with easy slope, which grows wider and wider to the bottom, and down these steps the spreading water sheds its white, thin, dancing, and broken sheet, showing, now and then, through its gauzy texture, the deep green mosses clinging to the rocks, which soften its own fall." Gushing Island, Me., at the mouth of Portland Harbor, and four miles from the city, is bold and rocky, its surface gradually rising from the harbor side to its southeastern shore, which, at a consid- erable altitude, presents a precipitous front to the sea, terminating at the northeastern end in a cas- tellated bluff of perpendicular rock nearly 1.50 feet high. The island is 250 acres in extent, and is cov- ered with a dark forest growth along a high ridge for its entire length. From these woods the land descends on the harbor side to an arable valley, and thence to the beaches and ledges which line the inner shore. From White Head, a lofty preci- pice, a fine view is obtained of the ocean, the bay, and the city. Good beaches afford opportunities for sea bathing, while both the shore and deep-sea fishing are excellent. Fine roads make it possible to drive for six or eight miles along the shore among beautiful summer residences. A steam- boat runs between the island and Portland in the summer. D Davis Bridle Path. A road to the summit of Mt. Washington, starting from near the old Mt. Crawford House in the Crawford Notch [see Craw- ford Notch], which is longer than the other paths, but inferior to none in romantic interest. Denning' s Lake. See Southwest Harbor. Devil's Den. A suggestive name given to many of the small caves in the mountain regions of New England. The most remarkable cavern bearing 22 DEVIL'S PULPIT this name is on the southern side of Mt. Willaxd [see Mt. Willard], near the summit, the mouth of which can be distinctly seen in coming up Craw- ford Notch. It is only accessible by means of ropes from above, and is about 20 feet wide, 15 feet high, and 20 feet deep. It is so cold and damp that neither birds nor beasts inhabit it. Devil's Pulpit. See Crawford Notch. DixviLLE Notch, characterized by Dr. Jackson, the geologist, as more Alpine in its character than any other mountain pass in New England, is in the extreme northern portion of New Hampshire, about 60 miles beyond the White Mountain Range. The pass is much narrower than either the Craw- ford or Franconia notches, and is much shorter than they are. Its length is but a mile and a quarter, but it has more of the character of a notch than the two mentioned. So narrow is the pass that the roadway could only be constructed by building up against the mountain's side a substructure of rude masonry, not quite wide enough to accommo- date two carriages abreast except at certain points where turn-outs are provided. The walls of the mountains slope upwards so sharply on either side that much labor and expense is required every year to clear the road of the stones and earth that are released from the sides of the mountains by the frosts and rain. The decaying cliffs of mica slate which overhang the way shoot up in most singular and fantastic shapes, and vary in height from 400 to 800 feet. It is believed that some have crumbled away to half their original height. The whole aspect is one of wreck and ruin. Table Rock, much the highest pinnacle, juts out from the sointh- erly wall of the pass about 100 feet above the road. A very steep and difficult path leads to it. It is only some six or eight feet wide and about 150 feet long, forming the top of the pinnacle, overhanging an almost unbroken precipice on each side of sev- eral hundred feet. From it Maine, Vermont, and Canada can be seen. A few miles to the east is Lake Umbagog, and about 10 miles to the north is Lake Connecticut, the source of the Connecticut River. A path leads from Table Rock to Snow Cave, near by, a deep wedge-shaped crevice in the mountain, in which ice remains until late in Au- gust. The profile of a man can be discerned in the face of this cliff, as seen from below. Just before DOG MOUNTAIN 23 the eastern gateway of the Notch is reached, is to be seen a flume, and on the opposite side of the road in the woods, just beyond the Notch, there is a series of beautiful cascades extending nearly a mile. The Notch is reached by train from Boston over the Concord & Montreal Railroad to Lancas- ter, N. H., and thence by stage to Colebrook, N. H. The Notch is about 10 miles from there. Dog Mountain. See Southwest Harbor. DouBLEHEAD MOUNTAIN. See Jacksou. Eagle Mountain. See Some's Sound. East Chop Light. See Martha's Vineyard. East Tilton, N. H. A station on the Concord & Montreal Railroad, 97 miles from Boston, remark- able for giving the tourist over this route the first fine view of the distant mountains. As the train rounds Sandbornton Bay, and approaches the sta- tion, the Sandwich Range is seen. The peak on the left is Sandwich Dome, and in order, toward the right, are Tripyramid, Whiteface, Passacono- way, Chocorua, and the Ossipee Range. Across Lake Winnisquam are to be seen the distant peaks of Moosilauke, Lafayette, Kinneo, Cushman, Lib- erty, Tecumseh, and other mountains of the Fran- conia Range. Echo Lake. A small and beautiful sheet of water a short distance to the north of the northerly gate of the Franconia Notch. [See Franconia Notch.] It is remarkable for being the centre of marvellous echoes. Edgartown. See Martha's Vineyard. Elephant's Head. See Crawford Notch. Elephant Rock. See Newport, N. H. Ellis River. See Pinkham Notch. Endicott Rock. A curiously and quaintly carved stone near The Weirs [see The Weirs], in mid- channel of the lake's outlet. It was accidentally discovered a number of years ago, and is supposed to be a monument or boundary mark made by two surveyors sent out by Gov. John Endicott of Mas- sachusetts. It is inscribed with Gov. Endicott's name, and the initials of Edward Johnson and Simon Willard, who were commissioned to find the head of the Merrimack. The rock has been raised from its bed in the stream at the point 24 ENFIELD where it flows from the lake, and the greater part of it is above the surface of the water. It may be seen on the right just before the train go- ing north reaches The Weirs station. Enfield, N. II. A village situated in the midst of scenery of surpassing loveliness. It is 13;^ miles from Boston, on the Concord Division of the Boston & Maine Railroad. There are several very tine ponds in the vicinity, besides Mascomo Lake [see Mascouio Lake], on the eastern side of which is one of the most prosperous Shaker communities in the country. Ethan's Pond. A small body of water on the sum- mit of Mt. Wiliey, which, although but a short dis- tance from the Saco Kiver, linds its way towards the southwest, and empties into the Pemigewasset Kiver. F Fabyan's. One of the most noted and popular re- sorts, is situated in the very heart of the White Mountain region at the junction of the Concord & Montreal and the Boston ct Maine railroads, 208 miles from Boston. A noble view of the Presi- dential liange is to be obtained from here, and the lengthened scars on the side of Mt. Pleasant, a thousand feet in height, and said to represent an Indian chief with tomahawk, are plainly visible. Xear here are the once famous Lower Ammonoo- suc Falls, which have been spoiled by the erection of a sawmill above. The river is said to be the wildest and most rapid of all the New Hampshire rivers, falling nearly GOOO feet in its course of 30 miles from Mt. Washington to the Connecticut River. It has many cascades, one of which, the Upper Ammonoosuc Falls, are three and a half miles from Fabyan's on the carriage road to Mt. Washington. Feunald's Point. See Some's Sound. Feurix's Pond. See Profile Lake. Fiftef:n Miles Falls. See Littleton. Flume, Thk. A great fissure in the rocks at the base of Flume Mountain at the southerly end of Franconia Xotch, and easily reached by a good carriage road from the main road running in a southeasterly direction about a mile. The Flume is about 700 feet long and from 60 to 70 feet in depth. The width between these perpendicular FLUME CASCADE 25 walls of granite is a general average of 20 feet, ex- cept at the upper end, where they suddenly con- tract to about 10 feet, and formerly held suspended between them, about midway up their sides, a huge bowlder of granite, which at some remote period must have come crashing down the moun- tain sides till its further descent was interrupted at this wonderful place. On June 20, 1883, a great storm occurred in the mountains, causing several terrific land slides, one of which, starting nearly at the top of Mt. Liberty, gathered force wheTi it reached the Flume stream, and swept down the narrow defile with resistless fury and tremendous force, carrying rocks weighing many hundred tons, and extending the high walls of the Flume some 500 feet. The most serious damage done was the displacement of the great bowlder, which fell with a terrific crash into the ravine below. It was subsequently found lodged some distance be- low the mouth of the Flume. Its presence had added greatly to the wiidness of the scene, and so nicely was it adjusted, and so slight appeared its hold, that it gave the impression to one standing under it that the slightest touch would be sufficient to send it crashing from its resting place into the ravine below. At the upper end of the Flume a new cascade was formed by the torrent, and an immense rock was thrown over upon others, while the under side was hollowed out so as to leave a grotto of respectable size. A plank walk extends up through the Flume beside, and at times partly over the stream, which comes tumbling tumultu- ously along its rocky bed, and one can follow it through this narrow gorge, and, by climbing the rocky heights, can obtain an excellent view from above. A bridge across the chasm has been formed by the fallen trunk of a tree. There is a path from the Flume to the Pool. [See Pool, The ; also, Franconia Notch.] Flume Cascade. One of a series of beautiful falls, not excelled for beauty in the whole range of mountain travel, a short distance from Crawford Plateau. [See Crawford Plateau.] From this point a full view of the summit of Mt. Washington is to be had. A path up the side of the mountain for about a third of a mile leads to the Cascade. Flying Mountain. See Southwest Harbor. Franconia. A town in New Hampshire situated 26 FRANCONIA NOTCH just north of Franconia Notch [see Franconia Notch], and in the valley of Gale River, six miles over a pleasant stage road from Littleton, and a little less from Bethlehem. The approach from the latter place is over a spur of Mt. "Agassiz, and the descent into the deep, bowl-shaped valley sup- plies one of the most delightful drives in the mountains. The nearness of Mt. Lafayette and Mt. Gartield and the other grand peaks of the Franconia Range gives to the view a startling boldness, while the foreground of meadow and forest adds rare picturesqueness and beauty. Gale River and Lafayette Brook afford excellent trout fishing, and other mountain streams are also ac- cessible. In the vicinity are Bridal Veil Falls, Copper Mine Brook, and Mt. Kinsman Flume. [See Bridal Veil Falls.] In the village are the buildings of the Franconia Iron Company, which began mining operations here in 1S05. Franconia Notch. A narrow pass about five miles long lying between Mts. Pemigewasset, Kinsman and Cannon on the west, and Flume, Liberty, Lincoln, Lafayette and Eagle Cliff on the east. From the Flume House, at the foot of Pemi- gewasset Mountain, to the little plateau on which the Profile House is situated, at the north end of the Notch, there is an ascent of 54.3 feet, and in places the pass is very narrow. An excellent car- riage road winds through the forest, with frequent glimpses of the high beetling cliffs on either side. The Pemigewasset River, here a tumbling, rapid stream, is crossed a little distance above the Flume House, from which there is a path through the woods to Georgianna Falls [see Georgianna Falls], two miles below. About three quarters of a mile from the hotel, in a southeasterly direction, are the Cascade and Flume [see Cascade and Flume], and about the same distance in a more easterly direction is the Pool. [See The Pool.] Continuing up the road for a mile and the Basin [see The Basin] is reached. A mile beyond a mountain brook crosses the road, and a walk of half a mile up its banks, brings one to Walker's Falls, [See Walker's Falls.] The frowning southern cliff's of Cannon Mountain are seen in front for some distance, while Eagle Cliff rises as the eastern wall of the Notch. A half mile further up the road is a clearing where once stood the Lafayette House, which was de- FRANKENSTEIN TRESTLE 27 stroyed by fire in the spring of 1861, and a mile and a half beyond is the trout house where fish are bred. A short distance beyond is Profile Lake [see Profile Lake], and when it is nearly passed the rugged features of the famous profile itself come plainly into view. [See Old Man of the Mountain.] A half mile further on is a bridle path to the summit of Mt. Lafayette, and near by a disused carriage road leading to the summit of Ball Mountain. A short distance to the north is Echo Lake. [See Echo Lake.] Here ends the Notch. The Profile & Franconia Notch Railroad, a nar- row-gauge road of peculiar construction, enters the Notch at this point and has its terminus at the hotel. It extends from here to Bethlehem Junc- tion, a distance of nine miles, where it connects with trains on the Concord & Montreal Railroad, and with a branch road four miles long leading to Bethlehem village. Frankenstein Trestle. See Crawford Notch. Gale River. See Franconia. Garnet Pools. See Gorham. Gayhead. See Martha's Vineyard. Georgianna Falls. A beautiful cascade on Harvard Brook, between one and two miles from North Woodstock, N. H. [See North Woodstock.] It can also be reached by a path through the woods from the Flimie House about two miles long. This place was visited for the first time in September, 1858, by a party of gentlemen who, with the ceremonies usual on such occasions, gave the cascade its name. The honor of discovery is also claimed by some Harvard students, and the brook still retains the name of their Alma Mater. It is the largest waterfall of any previously discov- ered among these mountains, the water dashing down a precipice, through a mountain gorge, nearly one hundred and fifty feet. For about a mile there is a series of cascades of indescribable beauty. There is also to be seen a charming little sheet of water in one of the hollows of the rock, which has been named "The Mirror," from its wonderful transparency. Giant's Stairs, The. See Crawford Notch. GiBBs's Falls, A romantic cataract about half an 28 THE GLEN hour's walk from Crawford Plateau [see Crawford Plateau]. The water of a brook makes an abrupt descent of 30 or 40 feet in two distinct sheets, which are separated by a projecting clilL Glex. The, a plateau 830 feet above Gorham, N. H., valley, and 1632 feet above tide water at Portland. It is a magnificent mountain bowl, formed by Mts. Washington, Clay, Adams, Madison, Jelterson, Carter and Wild Cat There is a carriage road to Gorham [see Gorham], eight miles, and to Jackson [see Jackson], through Pinkham Notch [see Pink- ham Notch], 12 miles. The distance to Glen ISta- tion [see Glen Station], is 16 miles, via Jackson. The most noted carriage road, however, is the famous Mt. Washingtor Carriage Ptoad [see Mt. Waslihigton Carriage lload] which has its terminus at the Glen. The view of the mountains from this point is unsurpassed, and many places of interest are in the immediate vicinity, including Osgood's Falls and IJaymond's Cataract. Glen Ef>i.is V'xi.l, a cataract of exceeding beauty, inPinkliam Xotch [see Pinkham Notch], and about four miles from the Glen [See The Glen.] An ex- cellent i)lank path from the road — marked by a guide-board — into the forest leads to the great wall of rock about a quarter of a mile from the rock over which the Ellis Kiver leaps into the pool 100 feet below. The stream first slides through a deep groove it has worn in the granite at a very sharp angle for some 20 feet, and then leaps as from the nose of a great pitcher 60 feet more. On the op- posite side is the steep wall of Wild Cat Mountain, more than 3000 feet high, and there is probably not a wilder or more romantic spot in the moun- tain region than this. A series of wooden stair- ways lead to the depths below, where the green, placid surface of the basin forms a striking con- grast to the wild, leaping torrent that feeds it. Gloucester, Mass., 28 miles from Boston, an old fishing town, reached by steamer and the Eastern Division of the Boston & Maine Railroad, is sur- rounded by fine points of view seaward, beaches, and rocky cliffs. Close to the town is Eastern Point, a rocky promontory, on the peak of which are the remains of an old fort ; and directly across the harbor is the rugged and picturesque East Gloucester Peninsula. Excursions can be made to "the reef of Norman's Woe," where occurred GOLDSMITH'S POINT 29 "The Wreck of the Hesperus," immortalized by Longfellow. It is about two miles from Glouces- ter, and is a sombre and threatening mass of rocks. About a mile southwest of Norman's Woe is Eafe's Chasm, an enormous fissure, 10 feet wide, 60 feet deep, and 100 feet long, which yawns into the cliffside. Not far off is another wonderful fissure in the trap-rock ; and beyond is Goldsmith's Point, with its colony of summer villas. Goldsmith's Point. See Gloucester, Mass. Good Harbor Beach. See Bass Rocks. Goodrich Falls, the largest perpendicular fall among the White Mountains, is about a mile be- low Jackson, N. H. [see Jackson], on the Ellis River near its junction with the Wild Cat River. It is but a short distance on the right from the carriage road to Glen Station. After heavy rains the view of the fall is very grand, and at all times the scenery is wild and iJicturesque. GoRHAM, N. H. A thriving village at the junction of the Peabody and Androscoggin rivers, 880 feet above the sea, and a station of the Grand Trunk Railroad. It is the only point from which the beauty of the range of Moriah, Carter and the Imp can be seen to advantage. Mt. Carter is about 5000 feet high, and Mt. Moriah is some 200 feet lower. Between the two is the Imp, so named from the marked resemblance the summit bears to a grotesque human countenance when viewed from a particular point. Paths lead to the sum- mits of all these mountains. To the northwest is the Pilot range of hills, and to the east and south- east the Androscoggin hills. The summit of Mt. Madison is visible from Gorham. Randolph Hill, from the summit of which one of the best views of the Mt. Washington Range can be obtained, can be reached by a carriage drive of about five miles. The whole northerly wall of the range, from valley to crest, is seen to the very best ad- vantage. Berlin Fallsl [see Berlin Falls], on the Androscoggin, are six miles distant. Mt. Surprise, a spur of Mt. Moriah, is also accessible from Gor- ham, as is Mt. Hayes. [See Mts. Carter, Moriah, Surprise and Hayes.] A pedestrian excursion to the summit of Mt. Madison across the northerly ridges of the Presidential Range can be made from the foot of Randolph Hill with the assistance of a guide. The course is over Mt. Madison, around 30 GRAFTON NOTCH or over the sharp pyramid of Adams, over Jeffer- son, between the humps of Mt. Clay to the top of Mt. Washiuj,'ton, nearly a day's tramp. This route brings into view all the great ravines of the range, excepting Tuckerraan's, the long and nar- row gulley between Mts. Adams and Madison, King's Ravine, named for Starr King, the gulf be- tween Mts. Adams and Jefferson on the southeast, and the gorge in Jefferson on the northwest. There is a good carriage road from Gorham over what is known as the Cherry Mountain Road to Jefferson, thence over the mountain to the Crawford Notch, or to Lancaster, or to the Franconia Xotch. [See Cherry Mountain, Jefferson, Lancaster, Franconia Notch.] A series of basins in the Peabody River, near the Gorham road, curiously hollowed out of the rocks and delicately polished by the water, have been named Garnet Pools. A drive of eight miles over a road that, for the greater part of the way, follows the easterly bank of the Peabody River, brings one to the Glen and Pinkham Notch, through Jackson to Glen Station, and through the Crawford Notch. [See Pinkham Notch, Jackson, Glen Station, and Crawford Notch.] Grafton Notch (also called Bear River Notch), a mountain pass in Maine, in which there is a re- markable flume known as Moose Chasm. Its the walls are as high and perpendicular as those of Flume [see The Flume], an I between flows a large and noisy stream which plunges beneath a mass of superincumbent rock, and disappears from sight. Grafton Notch is on the road between Dix- ville Notch and Bethel, Me. [See Bethel.] Great Gulf. See Gulf of Mexico. Grkat Head. See Bar Harbor. Great Squam. See Asquam Lakes. Green Mountain. See Mt. Desert. Green Mountains. The northern portion of the great Appalachian chain which for many hundred miles fronts the Atlantic coast of the United States. Their wooded sides obtained for them from the early French explorers the name of Monts Verts, and from these words is derived the name of the state (Vermont) in which they are sit- uated. ^V'ithout attaining any great elevation, these hills form an unbroken watershed between the affluents of the Connecticut River on the east side of the Hudson River and Lake Champlain on GULF OF MEXICO 31 the west, and about equidistant between them. South from Montpelier, two ranges extend, one toward the northeast, nearly parallel with the Connecticut River, dividing the waters flowing east from those flowing west ; and the other, which is the higher and more broken, extending nearly north, and nearer Lake Champlain Among the principal peaks are Mt. Mansfield, 4348 feet above the sea ; Camel's Hump, 4188 feet ; Killington Peak, 3924 feet ; and Ascutney, 3320 feet. Gulf of Mexico. An immense amphitheatre or ravine between Mts. Washington and Clay, down which one can look for nearly a thousand feet from the Mt. Washington Carriage Road or Rail- road. It is also called the Great Gulf. H Hampton Beach, N. H., reached by stages from Hampton, 46 miles from Boston, is a much fre- quented resort. Boar's Head is a lofty headland extending into the sea and dividing Hampton Beach from Rye Beach. [See Rye Beach.] The view from its top is very grand. The bathing and fishing here are excellent, the scenery fine, and the drives pleasant. Harvard Brook. See Georgianna Falls. Haverhill, N. H. A charming village on the Concord & Montreal Railroad, 160 miles from Bos- ton. It is situated on the east bank of the Con- necticut River, and Newbary, Vt., is on the oppo- site side beneath the heights of Mt. Pulaski. Mt. Ascutney, a shapely peak, is to be seen in the dis- tance down the river. Hermit Lake. See Tuckerman's Ravine. Highland Lake. See Bridgton, Me. Ice Gorge. See Randolph. Imp, The. See Gorham. Indian Rock. See Rangeley Lakes. Infant, The. See Crawford Notch. Isles of Shoals, N. H., a group of nine bare and rugged islands, lying about nine miles off the coast, and reached from Boston and Portstnouth in the summer by daily lines of steamers. The islands are small in extent, the largest — Apple- 32 ISLES OF SHOALS dore — containing only 350 acres. They all have a bleak and barren aspect, with little vegetation, and with jagged reefs running far out in all direc- tions among the waves. Appledore rises in the shape of a hog's back, and is the least irregular in appearance, its ledges rise some 75 feet above the sea, and it is divided by a narrow, picturesque little valley. Just by Appledore is Smutty Nose or Haley's Island, low and Hat, with threatening reefs. On it are to be seen the graves of fifteen sailors, rudely marked, who formed the crew of a Spanish ship wrecked there in 1()85. There is also a little graveyard containing the remains of the hardy pioneer who built a sea wall that yet re- mains a monument to his humanity and industry. The story of this achievement is told on the tomb- stone that marks his grave, as follows : " In mem- ory of Mr. Samuel Haley, who died Feb. 7, 1811, aged 84. He was a man of great ingenuity, indus- try, honor and insight ; true to his country, and a man who did a great public good in building a dock and receiving into his inclosure many a poor, distressed seaman and fisherman in distress of weather." About a quarter of a mile beyond is Star Island, formerly the site of the odd little vil- lage of Gosport. A place of interest is the stone church which crowns the crest of the highest point. It has a wooden tower on one end, with a good-toned bell, which is always rung in foggy weather, of which they have but little. Over the door is the legend, "Gosport Church — originally constructed of the timbers from the wreck of a Spanish ship, A. D. 1G85. Was rebuilt in 17'2(), and burned by Islanders in 1700. This building of stone was erected A. D. 1800." It is about 30 feet long. Its walls are a foot and a half thick. It has 20 stiff-backed pews, which will hold five persons each. The pulpit is small and not particularly or- namental. Behind it are two stiff, old-fashioned chairs, with chintz-covered cushions. During the vacation season services are held therein. An- other relic of the olden time is Fort Star, formed of stone and earth, about 00 feet square. It was erected about 1G53. "to withstand foreign enemies and to protect the commerce of this island. Re- stored in 1002 and garrisoned by a company of Pro- vincial forces during the bloody French and Indian war. In 1745 this fort was again repaired and IJACKSON 33 manned with nine guns. Dismantled in the Revo- lution and the guns sent to Newburyport." On the west toward the mainland is Luncheon Island, jagged and shapeless, with a diminutive beach, while two miles away is the most dangerous and forbidding of all these islands, Duck Island, many of the ledges of which are hidden insidiously be- neath the water at high tide, and at low tide are literally covered with seagulls. White Island, the most picturesque of the group, is about a mile southwest of Star Island, and has a powerful re- volving light, visible for fifteen miles around. The other three islands are Cedar, Mallagar and Seavy. J Jackson, N. H., a small village situated on the stage route between North Conway and the Glen, three miles from Glen Station [see these places], in the midst of grand mountains on the Wild Cat River, a tributary of the Ellis River, which it enters a short distance below. Jackson Falls, on the former, and Goodrich Falls [see Goodrich Falls] on the latter, are places of interest. Fine views are to be ob- tained of Iron Mountain, 'Ji)00 feet high, the bald peak of Tin Mountain, the two peaks of Double Head, one 3000 and the other 3100 feet high. Thorn Mountain, Wild Cat Mountain and, from a point near by, the house on the summit of Mt. Washing- ton. From Jackson excursions can be made to the summit of Mt. Washington, Glen Ellis Falls, Crystal Cascade, Tuckerman's Ravine, North Con- way, Crawford Notch, Pinkham Notch, Carter Notch, Thorn Mountain, Winnewetah and Ap- palachian Cascades [see these titles], and other less notable places. Jackson abounds in beautiful walks and drives. Jay Peak. See Newport, Vt. Jefferson, N. H. A village on the Whitefield & Jefferson Branch of the Concord & Montreal Rail- road, 210 miles from Boston. It is in some re- spects a rival of Bethlehem. It is similarly situ- ated upon an elevation, and the pure air and gen- eral healthfulness of the locality has made it a great resort for invalids and pleasure-seekers. The outlook upon the Presidential Range, with Mts. Adams and Jetferson in the near front, is ex- tremely grand. Starr King declares "Jefferson 34 JOBILDUNK RAVINE Hill may, without exaggeration, be callei the ultima Thule of grandeur in an artist's pilgrimage among the Xew Hampshire mountains ; for at no other point can he see the White Hills themselves in such array and force." In fact, every one of the great AMiite Mountain group is visible, and the railway and hotel on Mt. Washington can be distinctly seen. There is also plainly outlined the Franconia Mountains, the side of the Willey Moun- tain in the Notch, and the line of the nearer Green Mountains beyond the Connecticut,— in fact, a panorama of hills to the northwest and north, al- most as tine as the prospect in that direction from the summit of Mt, Washington. Mt. Pliny is the ancient name for the long wooded range in the northeast part of the town ; and in IHOi the culmi- nating part of the range was named Mt. Starr King in honor of the author of " The White Hills." It is easily ascended, and affords one of the best view^s to be had of the Presidential Ptange. The memory of the celebrated divine is warmly cher- ished by the peoi)le of Jefferson, and they fondly recall the hours he used to spend lying on the grass and rapturously describing the charms of this his favorite side of the mountains. It was also, prior to the war. a great resort for Southern- ers, and the landlords never tire of telling of the time when they numbered among their guests Cal- houn, Kandolph and other Southern statesmen. There are two ponds in the town,— Cherry Pond, upon the line of the railroad, and Pond of Safety. [See Pond ot Safety.] The former is the chief source of John's River and the latter of the Upper Ammonoosue. Israel's River traverses Jefferson from the southeast to the northwest. The two rivers, John's and Israel's, derived their names from two brothers, John and Israel Glines, who hunted beaver and other animals along the streams before there were any other white settlers in this region. By taking a carriage one can enjoy a most delightful drive along the base of the Presi- dential Range, and from thence to Gorham, over what is known as the Cherry Mountain road. [See Gorham.] JoBiLDuxK Ravine. See Warren. Jockey Cap. See Conway. John's Peril. See Nahant. Jordan's Pond. See Bar Harbor. KATAMA 35 K Katama. See Martha's Vineyard. KiLLiNGTOX Peak, one of the Green Mountain range, is seven miles east of Rutland, Vt., from which its summit is reached by a road nine miles long. The ascent is arduous, but the view from the summit, which is .3,924 feet high, is extremely fine. On the north side is Capital Rock, a perpen- dicular ledge 200 feet high. Near by are Mts. Ida and Pico and Castleton Ridge. Sutherland Falls are six miles north, where the Otter River plunges over a ledge of rock. King's Ravine. A tremendous hollow on the north of Mt. Adams, climbed for the first time in 1857 by Starr King, and named after him by the guides. Laconia, N. H. An attractive town on the Concord & Montreal Railroad, 102 miles from Boston. Here the tourist by this route catches his first glimpse of Mt. Washington, while passing aroung Round Bay, if the atmosphere is clear. The Belknap Range can also be seen upon the right while jour- neying north. Lafayette Brook. See Franconia. Lake Dunmore, a picturesque sheet of water at the foot of the loftiest range of the Green Moun- tains [.see Green Mountains], and almost surround- ed by bold hills, is reached by stage from Salisbury Station, Vt. (five miles), which is 27 miles north of Rutland. The lake is about four miles long, and a mile and a half wide at the widest part, and af- fords excellent boating, bathing and fishing. It is named in honor of the Earl of Dunmore, who vis- ited it in 1770. On the east side of the lake, the massive and forest-clad peak of Moosalamos tow- ers to the height of nearly 2000 feet and in a rugged ravine just beneath its crest is Llama Cascade, where a brook leaps down the mountain side in a series of picturesque cascades, which are visible from the lake. From the summit of Sunset Hill, on the west side, reached by a carriage road, a fine view of the Adirondacks, forty miles to the west, is obtained. There are many fine drives in the vi- cinity. Lake Memphremagog, a beautiful sheet of water, 30 miles long and two to four miles wide, lying 36 J^AKE OF THE CLOUDS partly in Vermont and partly in Canada. It is reached by rail to Newport, Vt., 230 miles from Boston, via the Passumsic and connecting rail- ways. Its shores are rockbound and indented with beautiful bays, between which jut out bold, wooded headlands, backed by mountain ranges. Numerous islands dot its surface. In ascending the lake by steamer from Newport, Indian Point, the Twin Sisters, and Province Island are passed. Then comes Tea^-Table Island, and about half way down the lake is a landing from which a footpath leads to the summit of Owl's Head, 2740 feet high. 'I'lie view is very extensive, including the entire length of the lake, the White Mountains, Lake (Tuimplain, Willoughby Lake and Mountain, the St. Lawrence Kiver, and Montreal. Skinner's Island and Cave, said to have been the haunt of Uriah Skinner, "the bold smuggler of Magog," during the War of 1S12, are also near by. Lake of the Clouds. A small body of water about two miles southwest of the summit of Mt. Washington, near the Crawford Bridle Path. [See Crawford Bridle Path.] It is 200 feet long, lOO wide, and 12 feet deep. Its elevation is 5100 feet, and it is the source of the Ammonoosuc River. Lake Winxipesaukep:. The largest body of wa- ter in the White Mountain region. There are two derivations of its name given, both from the In- dian tongue. One is " The Beautiful Water in a High Place," and the other, "The Smile of the Great Spirit." They are equally api)ropriate. The lake lies in the two counties of Carroll and Bel- knap, and is very irregular in form. Its area, ex- clusive of its 274 islands, is upwards of 71 square miles, and the distance around its shores is 182 miles. It is about 25 miles long, and from one to seven miles wide. There are 10 islands, having each an area of over 100 acres ; and one comprises over 1000 acres. Long Island, which is in the northern part of the lake, about midway between AVolf boro and Centre Harbor, has lately been add- ed to the list of summer resorts. At the west end the lake is divided into three large bays; at the north is a fourth, and at the east end there are three others. The waters descend 472 feet on their way to the Atlantic, forming a rapid river of the same name as the lake, and emptying into the Merrimac. There are no very large streams LAKE WINNIPESAUKEE 37 flowing into the lake, and it is supposed that a large part of the water supply comes from sub- aqueous springs. The largest streams which feed the lake are the Merrymeeting and Smith's rivers at the southern extremity; the other tributaries being short brooks or the outlets of adjacent ponds. The waters of the lake are so clear that the fish which abound in it can be distinctly seen playing among the stones at the depth of many feet. While Lake Winnipesaukee is distinctively a mountain lake, yet it lacks almost all those wild, rough features of mountain scenery which usually characterize inland waters in mountainous regions. The shore seen from a distance appears, as it is, comparatively smooth and level, but the mountains rise high on all sides. The islands which dot its surface are covered with verdure, and are neither rocky nor precipitous. The route by the way of Winnipesaukee is the finest approach to the White Hills. It has been happily compared to a vast an- techamber, from which you look up from the val- ley of the Saco to the towering peaks of the moun- tains. Many of the most prominent of these are to be seen, and even the far distant top of Mt. Washington is visible on a clear day, scarcely distinguishable from the white cloud it pierces. Across the lake rise the higher eminences of the Ossipee range, and far in the north are the soft blue peaks of the lower range of the great series of hills, — Chocorua, Whitef ace, and the rest. A more delightful experience than a trip across the water among the beautiful islands can scarcely be imagined. It is attended with little danger even in a squall, for although there are few buoys or lights to assist the pilot on his devious course, yet so familiar is he with the waters and the undu- lating shores, that even in a dense fog the journey is made with comparative safety. On leaving The Weirs, the boat winds its way among the num- berless islands that crowd the course. A fine view is had of Red Hill, which is soon lost behind an intervening island. An opening strait gives a fine view of Rattlesnake Island, and Mt. Belknap or Gunstock is to be seen on the right, and on the left the ever-present Ossipee. Five miles from The Weirs is Bear Island, which is nearly four miles long. Upon one of the wild and romantic islands, passed by the boat, resided in 1851 an aged spin- 38 LAKE WINNISQUAM ster, familiarly known as "Aunt Dolly," who for years lived here, almost entirely cut off from the world, cultivating a small farm, and tending a few sheep, and occasionally rowing her own skiff to the main land. Lake Winnisquam. See East Tilton. Lancaster, N. H. The shire town of Coiis coun- ty, 211 miles from Boston, on the Concord & Mon- treal Railroad. Coos is an Indian name signifying crooked, and was originally applied to that part of the Connecticut River upon which the towns north of it are situated. Lancaster itself is not mountainous, but is surrounded by high hills. The whole range of the White Mountains, the Stratford peaks, the dark masses of the Pilot Range, and the beautiful Lunenburg Heights are in full view from some of its streets. Israel's River empties itself into the Connecticut at Lancaster. The drives in the neighborhood on either side of the Connecticur are unsurpassed, probably, in New England. A carriage road leads from here to Jefferson, nine miles distant. Ledges, The. See North Conway. Lenox, Mass. A favorite summer resort of people from Boston and New York, noted for the singular purity and exhilarating effects of its air and for the beauty of its mountain scenery. Among the famous characters who have made it their resort are Fanny Kemble Butler, Nathaniel Hawthorne, and Henry Ward Beecher, all of whom have told of its beauties. Excursions can be made to the summit of Bald Mountain, which commands a very fine view; the Ledge, Richmond Hill, and Perry's Peak. This isolated summit is six miles from the town, over 2000 feet high, and overlooks a vast range of country from the Catskills to the Green Mountains. Lisbon, N. H. A picturesque village on the banks of the Ammonoosuc River, a station of the Con- cord & Montreal Railroad, 178 miles from Boston. Sugar Hill is the name of an elevated section of the town lying near Franconia. [See Franconia.] Little Belle Island. See Newfound Lake. Little Squam. See Asquam Lakes. Littleton. One of the largest and most prosper- ous towns in northern New Hampshire, on the Concord & Montreal Railroad, 188 miles from Bos- ton. It is pleasantly situated in the valley of the LIVERMORE FALLS i59 Ammonoosuc, on both sides of the stream, and ex- tends up the neighboring hillsides. The adjacent hills afford noble views of the high mountains, and there are many drives and rambles in the vicinity. The rapids of the Connecticut River, known as the Fifteen-Mile Falls, border the town for a stretch of thirteen miles, and Waterford, Vt., is but five miles distant. Littleton is a favored summer resort, owing to its beautiful location and being of easy access to the principal mountain re- sorts, either by rail, stage-coach, or carriage. Beth- lehem is but five miles distant, and the drive over the mountain road is one of the most delightful that can be imagined. It is also reached by a branch of the railroad which leaves the main line at Wing Road, six miles from Littleton, and con- tinues up the Ammonoosuc valley to Fabyan's. At Bethlehem Junction, four miles from the main line, connection is made with the narrow-gauge road which runs to Bethlehem Street= LiVEBMORE Falls. A beautiful fall of water, formed by the Pemegewasset River in making its way through a rocky defile, between two and three miles north of Plymouth, N. H., and 128 miles from Boston, on the road to Franconia. It is a station of the Pemigewasset Valley Branch of the Concord & Montreal Railroad, The State main- tains a fish hatchery there. Lonesome Lake. A small body of water, up among the mountains, southwest from the south entrance to the Franconia Notch. [See Franconia Notch.] Long Pond. See Sebago Lake. Long Lake. See Southwest Harbor ; also Bridgton. Look-out Ledge. See Randolph, N. H. LouGEE Pond. See Alton Bay. LovELL's Pond. See Conway. Lowell's Island. See Marblehead Neck, M MiANTONONi Hill, See Newport, R. I. Minisquam. See Asquam Lakes. Mill Brook Cascade. See Thornton. Mirror, The. See Georgianna Falls. Moat Mountain. See Conway. Moose Chasm. See Grafton Notch. Mooselocmaguntic Lake. See Rangely Lakes. 40 MOOSEHEAD LAKE MoosEHEAD Lake, the largest inland body of water in Maine, lies among the northern hills, on the verge of the great Maine forest. It is reached from Boston via railroad or steamer to Bangor, and thence via the Bangor & Piscataquis Railway to Greenville at the foot of the lake. Another route is via the Maine Central Railroad to New- port [see Newport, Vt.], thence via Dexter Branch to Dexter, lo miles, whence stages run to Green- ville. Stages also run to the lake from Skowhegan on the Maine Central Railroad, 100 miles from Portland. The lake is 3.3 miles long, and at one point is 12 miles wide, but near the centre there is a pass which is not more than a mile across. It is 1023 fept above the sea, into which it empties through the KtMinebec River. Its waters are deep, and abundantly supplied with fish. The most fa- vorable time for visiting it, to avoid the ravages of the black tly, is from May l.")th to June ir)th, and from Aug. 10th to Oct. 10th. A steamer plies be- tween Greenville and the other end of the lake, and the scenery on the way is exceedingly fine. On the west side Mt. Kineo overhangs the water with a precipitous front over noo feet high. Its summit is easily reached, and from it the lake is visible from end to end. To the northeast Katah- din stands out in massive grandeur against the horizon, .'vW.') feet high. It is a strangely isolated and graceful peak, the ascent of which is very ar- duous. MoosiLAUKE Brook. See North Woodstock. Mossy Glex. See Randolph, N. II. MouLTOXBOKo, N. H., originally the home of the Ossipee Indians. Mount Aix Coliseum. See Tuckerman's Ravine. Mt. Agassiz. See Twin Mountain Station. Mt. Axnanaxce. See AYilloughby Lake. Mt. Belknap. See Alton Bay. Mt. BoxD. See Twin Mountain Station. Mt. Caxxox. One of the Franconia range of moun- tains. .'.scu feet high, on the southern face of which are the ledges which form the face of the Old Man of the Mountain. [See Old Man of the Mountain.] The mountain derives its name from a large flat rock near its summit, which, when viewed from below, bears a strong resemblance to a cannon. A footpath leads to a point on the summit above the Profile. MT. CLEVELAND 41 Mt. Cleveland. See Twin Mountain Station. Mt. Clinton, one of the range forming the Craw- ford Notch. Crawford Plateau [see Crawford Pla- teau] is at its base, and the Crawford Bridle Path [see Crawford Bridle Path] to the summit of Mt. Washington, passes over it. Its summit is 4320 feet above the level of the sea, and it belongs to the great range which extends from the Notch north- easterly to Mt. Madison, Mt. Fhanklin, one of the White Mountain Range, 4904 feet above the sea level, the summit of which can be reached by the Crawford Bridle Path. [See Crawford Bridle Path.] It has an irregular, flat- tened peak, from which a fine view of Chocorua [see Chocorua] is obtained. On its eastern side it is almost perpendicular. Mt. Garfield. See Twin Mountain Station. Mt. Guyot. See Twin Mountain Station. Mt. Katahdin. See Moosehead Lake. Mt. Kearsakge, sometimes called Pequawket, three miles from North Conway isee North Con- way], is 3,251 feet higli. A bridle path extends from the foot to the top. From the summit the whole White Mountain Range is to be seen, with a fine and unobstructed view of the peak of Mt. Wash- ington. The sharp peak of Chocorua [see Choco- rua] with Moat Mountain, 3200 feer high, and Mid- die Mountain, 2700 feet high, in the foreground, can also be seen with great distinctness. The course of Saco River can be traced almost from its source through the intervales. Mt. Kineo. See Moosehead Lake. Mt. Kinsman. One of the Franconia Range on the west side of the Franconia Notch [see Franconia Notch], 4200 feet high. On its western slope are the Bridal Veil Falls, Copper Mine Brook, and Mt. Kinsman Flume. [See Bridal Veil Falls.l Mt. Lafayette. One of the Franconia range, 5259 feet high. The view from its summit is very fine, including the southern valley of the Pemigewas- set, Mt. Washington in the east. Katahdin in the northeast, and the hills of Stratford in the north. Glancing around the horizon, the rounded summits of the Green Mountains and the peaks of Monad- nock and Kearsarge are to be seen. Upon the mountain is a strange looking stone of large size and unusual form named by those who discovered it The Altar. [See The Altar.] From the north- 42 MT. MAJOR erly jjate of Franconia Notch [see Franconia Notch] is a bridle path to the summit of Mt. Lafay- ette. It winds along the base of Eagle Cliff, and in some places the ascent is very steep. The time occupied in the journey up and down is about five hours. Mt. Ma.jou. See Alton Bay. Mt. Mansell. See Southwest Harbor. Mt. Mansfield, the loftiest of the Green Mountain Range [see Green Mountains], 4;>4h feet high, can be ascended by carriage road from Stowe, Vt. [See Stowe.] Its summit has been found to resem- ble the upturned face of a giant, showing the Forehead, the Nose, and the Chin. The Nose has a projection of 4ih) feet, and the Chin is thrust for- ward 800 feet. The distance from No.se to Chin is a mile and a half. The Old Woman of the Moun- tain IS a remarkable profile of the mountain. She leans back in her easy chair, her work lying in her lap, while she gazes across the valley. The car- riage ride up the steep roadway to tlie base of the Nose is full of interest, the changing views afford- ing a constant succession of new and beautiful prospects. The mountain sides, up to near the summit, are very heavily wooded, but glimpses can be caught of deep ravines. At one place the road crosses a bridge that spans a yawning chasm in the mountain side. From the summit a steep and ragged path leads up the Nose, from the top of which the view is little if at all inferior to that from Mt. Washington. To the east are the White Mountains, 60 miles distant, lying low along the horizon. The isolated and symmetrical form of Mt. Ascutney rises on the southeast. Southward are Camel's Hump and Klilington Peak, with in- numerable smaller elevations of the Green Moun- tain lliinge. We.stward lies a wide expanse of low- land, with many sparkling streams winding about among the farms and forests and villages, the city of Burlington in the distance, and beyond them the beautiful expanse of JjakeChamplain, with the blue ridges of the Adirondacks bordering the far- thest horizon. On the northwest is the Lamoille Valley, watered by the Lamoille and Winooski rivers; and far northward are .Jay Peak and Owl's Head, the beautiful St. Lawrence, a score of other mountain peaks, and Lake Memphremagog. In clear weather the mountains near Montreal, 70 MT. MONADNOCK 43 miles distant, can be seen with the naked eye. The Chin is 350 feet higher than the Nose, and may be easily aseended by a path two miles long. Mt. Monadnock, (Jaffrey, N. H.) There is prob- ably not another mountain of its size in New En- gland which is so bare as Monadnock. The whole upper portion is a ledge, and it stands out very clear against the sky in all its naked and massive grandeur. The view from its summit, 3186 feet high, is extensive and pleasing, and the climb up its sides, while calling for some exertion, is not severe. Mt. Monkoe, one of the Presidential Range [see Presidential Range], 5384 feet high, is inferior to Washington rather in height than in symmetrical beauty. It has two majestic peaks, and one of its sides forms the wall of Cake's Gulf. [See Oake's Gulf.] The Crawford Bridle Path [see Crawford Bridle PathJ passes along the southeastern side of the mountain, several hundred feet below the summit. Mt. Moosilauke. The highest peak in New Hampshire west of Mt. Lafayette. It has an alti- tude of 4811 feet, and owing to the fact that it sur- passes by from 1000 to 1500 feet the suiTounding heights, affords a view which embraces all the chains of the White Mountain group, and extends into Maine, Vermont, and Canada. It is situated chiefly in Benton, a little distance across the line from Warren. [See Warren. j The name of the mountain has often been corrupted into "Moose- Hillock," but its title is of Indian origin, and was derived from two Indian words,— moosi, signify- ing "bald," and auke, "place," the letter 1 hav- ing been inserted for euphony. There is a car- riage road from Warren to the summit,— a broad plateau from which its Indian name is derived. The summit is covered with mosses, Alpine daisies, and mountain cranberries. Moosilauke, being en- tirely isolated, is one of the grandest of viewpoints in the mountain regions. Professor Guyot pro- nounces the view the most extensive in New En- gland, not excepting that from Mts. Washington and Lafayette, over which he says it possesses many advantages. Mt. Moriah, 4700 feet high, the summit reached by a foot path from Gorham, N. H. The ascent is not hard, and the view from the top is of surpass- 44 MT. PLEASANT ing beauty. The mountains and valleys of north- ern New Hampshire, Vermont, and Maine form one great panorama of grand scenery, and on the west the great White Mountain Range is seen to tine advantage. Mr. Pleasant. One of the range forming the Crawford Notch, the summit of which is reached by a bridle path from the Crawford Plateau. [See Crawford Plateau.] It is 4764 feet high, and has a peculiarly rounded top which presents a beauti- ful appearance from a distance. On the northern side are to be seen the etfects of immense slides, which are supposed to have occurred, like most of those among the mountains, in the memorable storm of ISL'ti. It lies between Mts. Clinton and Franklin. For another mountain of this name see Bridgton. Mt. Pkospect, formerly known as North Hill, in the neighboring town of Holderness, is between four and live miles from Plymouth, N. H. It is 2072 feet in height, and from its summit a line view of the higher mountains and neighboring lakes is obtained. There is a good carriage road to the top. Mt. Resolution. See Crawford Notch. Mt. Suhpkise, one of the spurs of Mt. Moriah [see Mt. MoriahJ, is about 1200 feet high. The summit, which is reached by a bridle path easy of ascent, affords an unobstructed view of the grandest por- tions of the White ^Mountain ridge. Nothing pre- vents the eye from looking down 1200 feet to the bed of the Peabody River, and up along the forests to the peak of Mt. Madison, the crest of Mt, Adams and the summits of Mts. Jefferson and Washing- ton. Eastman says, in his White Mountain Guide, that " There is no other eminence where one can get so near to these monarchs, and receive such an impression of their sublimity, the vigor of their outlines, their awful solitude, and the extent of the wilderness which they bear upon their slopes." Mt. Washington. The crown of New England lifts its bare, weather beaten summit 629:^> feet above the level of the sea. In the month of June, 1642, Darby Field, one of the hardy pioneers of Pascataquack (Portsmouth), accompanied by two Indians, made what is believed to be the first as- cent of Mt. Washington. The following August he led a larger party to the summit. From that MT. WASHINGTON 45 time to 1774 only two ascents are recorded. Old Abel Crawford, styled the "Patriarch of the Mountain," and for whom the Notch is named, at the age of 75 made the first ascent ever made of Mt. Washington on horseback. The first bridle- path to the summit was cut in 1821 by his son, Ethan Allen Crawford, called the "Giant of the Hills." This is still known as the Crawford Bri- dle Path [see Crawford Bridle Path], and is used by pedestrians in walking from Crawford Plateau [see Crawford PlateauJ to the summit, a distance of nine miles, over the summits of Mts. Clinton and Franklin and the sides of Pleasant and Mon- roe. The ascent can be made from Fabyan's over the Mt. Washington Railroad [see Mt. Washington Eailroad], by carriage from the east side of the mountain, and on foot from the same side, through Tuckerman's Ravine. [See Tuckerman's Ravine.] A hasty outline of the view from the summit, which is unequalled in extent, grandeur, and beau- ty by anything east of the Rocky Mountains, will assist the visitor in identifying many points in the landscape. Looking north, the Presidential Range first attracts attention, the order of the mountains being Clay, Jefferson, Adams, and Madison. At the foot of Madison is the Androscoggin River, the course of which can be distinctly traced to its source in Lake Umbagog. The villages of Berlin Falls and Milan are just over Mt. Madison. Be- yond the Androscoggin is an extensive group of mountains in Maine^ Mt. Blue, a sharp peak near Farmington, being the most noticeable. Ebene Mountain, 135 miles away, has been recognized in this direction, and is, probably, the most distant point to be seen from here. Looking east, the first mountains are the Carter Range, surmounted by Carter Dome, and joined on the south by Mt. Wildcat. Beyond the Carter Range are seen Mts. Baldface, Eastman, Slope, Sable, and Doublehead ; then comes a long stretch of lowland, dotted with lakes, interrupted by the long ridge of Mt. Pleas- ant, near Bridgton. Still further east are Sebago Lake and the city of Portland, while the ocean itself, between the latter place and the Isles of Shoals, is sometimes seen, but is generally difficult to distinguish. Looking south, over Tuckerman's Ravine and the Ellis valley, North Conway ap- pears among the broad intervales of the Saco. At 46 MT. WASHINGTON the left is the beautiful dome of Kearsarge, near which is Lovewell's Pond. Walker's Pond is just south of North Conway, and on the right the val- ley is bordered by the north and south Moat Mountains. Next on the right are Ossipee and Silver Lakes, and ihen comes the sharp peak of Chocorua. A little farther to the right is Lake Winnipesaukee, with Mt. Belknap beyond it ; and next is the Sandwich Range, including Passacon- away, Whiteface, Tripyramid, and Black Mountain or Sandwich Dome. Far beyond the latter are Monadnoek and the Southern kear.sarge; and Wa- chusett, near Fitchburg, Mass., is just at tlie right of Whiteface. Mt. Carrigain is the next conspic- uous point, and beside it is the similarly shaped, but more graceful, Osceola. Looking over the southern part of the great range is seen Mt. Wil- ley, overlianging Twin ranges. Whiteface, in the Adirondacks, l.iO miles distant, can be seen on a perfectly clear day. Everything on the summit is suggestive of the terrible wars waged by the ele- ments in this unprotected region. The few build- ings that have been erected are anchored in posi- tion by massive chains and cables. The lirst house built on the mountain, a small stone cabin near the top, erected by Ethan Allen Crawford, was de- stroyed by the great storm in which the Willey family perished, in 1K26. In IS.jii, J. S. Hull and L. M. Kosebrook built what was known as the Summit House, a small story-and-a-half structure, constructed of rough stones with a sharp wooden roof, held in place by chains. A year later the Tip-Top House was built by Samuel F. Spaulding & Co., and run as an opposition hotel. All the lumber for these houses was brought over the bri- dle-path on horseback. In 1S73, the new Summit House was erected, and the old houses are now put to other uses. The old Tip-Top House is occupied as the printing office of "Among the Clouds," a daily newspaper published through the summer. Besides these buildings are the United States signal station, an observatory 27 feet high, an office and two stables belonging to the coach company, and the engine house of the railroad company. A mile east of the summit is Tucker- man's Ravine [see Tuckerraan's Ravine], and a little further on are Hermit and Glen Lakes. Two miles southwest of the summit, near the Crawford MT. WASHINGTON CARRIAGE ROAD 47 Bridle Path, is the Lake of tlie Clouds. [See Lake of the Clouds.] The ownership of the summit of the mountain has been the subject of protracted lawsuits. Negotiations, recently concluded, have taken the controversy out of the courts, and the summit of the mountain has become the property of the Mt. Washington Railway Company. Mt. Washington Carriage Road. A descent of Mt. Washington by ^vay of the carriage road to the Glen and Pinkham's Notch [see The Glen and Pinkham's Notch], a distance of eight miles, gives a pleasing variety to a mountain tour. The road is admirably constructed, and the trip with careful drivers is attended with no more danger than on an ordinary highway The road overcomes an elevation of 4750 feet, and the average grade is 592 feet to the mile, or about one foot in eight. The steepest rise, which is near the base, is one foot in six. Starting down the mountain, past the monu- ment erected to Miss Bourne, the shelving rock under which Benjamin Chandler of Wilmington, Del., perished in a storm on August 7, 1856, is to be seen. A little further below, and at the right of the descending road, the ledge is visible where Dr. Benjamin Ball of Boston, in 1855, passed two nights in the snow and sleet of an October storm, and was rescued just in time to save his life. Continuing the descent, the great Gulf of Mexico yawns on the left of the carriage road, which runs along the very edge of this great abyss. On the opposite side are Jetferson, Adams, and Madi- son, looming up so grandly and distinctly that distance seems annihilated. Four miles from the summit is the Ledge, which commands a series of tine views of the northern peaks of the range, and also of the valleys to the east. The road now enters the forest, and for the remainder of the journey to the base, only occasional views of the mountains are to be obtained. Emerging from the woods, and passing the toll-house, the Glen and Notch are reached. Mt. Washington Railway. Previous to 1876, the only direct means of reaching the base of Mt. Washington from Fabyan's was by a carriage road which runs directly through the wilderness. In that year an extension of the Concord & Mont- real Railroad was built to connect with the road to the summit. It is six miles in length, and it 48 MT. WASHINGTON RAILWAY has the steepest srade of any surface road in the mountains, the average rise being 183 feet to the mile, and the steepest over 3(X). For its entire length the road runs through a dense forest, and gradually approaches an impenetrable mountain wall, with no outlet save by the narrow thread of steel which winds around the Hank and up through the clouds to the very summit of Mt. Washington. The whole chain of peaks may be seen, from Clin- ton on the south to Madison on the north, with Clay, Jefferson, and Adams towards the east. At Marshtield, the terminus of the surface road, is a small hotel and the shops and houses of the road, all located on the side of the mountain, at an ele- vation of 2670 feet above the sea. From Fabyan's the road up the side of the mountain appears to rise directly from the earth, and creep perpendicu- larly up the side of the mountain. From the base to the summit it is three miles long, and rises 3606 feet, an average of one foot in four. It was pro- jected by Sylvester Marsh of Concord, N. H., who secured a charter for it in 18.58. Many surveys were made, but no route seemed practicable except the one selected, which is a spur of the mountain formerly traversed by the old Fabyan bridle-path. Work on the road was begun in 186(5, and the lower section as far as "'Jacob's Ladder," w^as opened to the public on August 24, l.S(56. The track was fin- ished to the summit the following July. The most formidable obstacles had to be overcome, and the track for almost the entire distance is supported by trestle work. The most wonderful piece of en- gineering on the road is what is known as "Jacob's Ladder," a trestle 30 feet high and 300 feet long, where the grade is 19.S0 feet to the mile, or 13 1-2 inches to the yard. The structure takes its name from a steep ledge near this point ascended by the bridle path. The essential peculiarity of the rail- way is the cog-rail laid in the centre of the track, and into which work the teeth of a large cog-wheel on each driving shaft of the locomotive, thus mov- ing the train up the mountain. The boilers of the engines are inclined forward, so as to be nearly horizontal on steep grades. Each engine has two sets of cylinders and driving wheels, to obviate any danger from possible breaking of machinery, and in case of accident a system of breaks and checks that can effectually hold the train motionless on MT. WASHINGTON RAILWAY 49 the steepest grade or allow the car disconnected from the engine to descend at a snail's pace. The track is strongly built, and is constantly being in- spected. More than 500,000 passengers have been carried over the road, and no accident has ever occurred. During July, August, and September, five engines, each driving but one car, are run, so that visitors can start in the morning, having two hours at the summit, including time for dinner, and return in season to reach any point in the mountains the same night; or can go up in the afternoon, and descend the next morning, thus viewing those most wonderful of sights, a sunset and sunrise on the summit. The track also affords a direct and comparatively easy means of reaching the summit on foot. The only really difficult place to be encountered is "Jacob's Ladder," and that can be avoided by leaving the track at what is known as the " Half-VVay House," where the Fa- byan bridle path can, with little difficulty, be fol- lowed almost to the summit. By leaving the base an hour before the train starts, or even half an hour, no danger of being overtaken by it need be apprehended, as it moves little faster than a pe- destrian would walk, the running time from the base to the summit being an hour and a half, in- cluding two stops for water. The ascent and de- scent have been frequently made by ladies over the trestle-work, the descent being the most diffi- cult feat of the two. Miss Anna Dickinson is credited with having walked from Fabyan's to the summit and returned in one day, a distance of 18 miles. A few years ago two ladies accomplished the remarkable and difficult feat of walking from the base to the summit and return during a pleas- ant forenoon. The wonderful views to be ob- tained in the course of the ascent of the great ra- vines which scar the sides of Mt. Washington and the neighboring mountains will amply repay one for the journey, even though it be accomplished with some discomfort on foot, and even though the summit should be wrapped in clouds. On looking back down the track after the start is made, the windings of the turnpike can be easily traced, and an occasional glimpse of the river, as it plays in and out of the forest, is obtained. With each step upward the view widens, and Cherry Mountain, Jefferson, and a broad expanse of plain 4 50 MT. WILLARD and mountain is unfolded to the view. Gradually the dense forests, chiefl/ of spruce and birch, which cover the lower elevations, are left behind, and at an altitude of about 4000 feet nothing but a belt of dwarf spruces is to be found. Above that limit the only remains of vegetation are the Alpine flowers, moss of numerous varieties, and coarse grass. A view over the south wall is obtained, and on reaching the main ridge between Clay and Washington, there appears on the left of the track the huge Gulf of Mexico, an immense amphi- theatre or ravine, down which one can look for a distance of almost 1000 feet. A short distance be- yond, the monument of Miss Lizzie B. Bourne, whose sad death at this spot on Sept. 14, 18.55, has been so often told, is passed, and the summit reached. Mt. WiLLAKD. One of the White Mountain Range, about L'570 feet high, overlooking the northern gate of Crawford Notch. [JSee Crawford Notch ] The ascent can be easily made from Crawford Plateau [see Crawford Plateau], over a carriage road two miles long. From the summit are to be obtained perfect views of the conformation of the Notch and the great mountains which form its bounda- ries. The most interesting time to visit the top is in the afternoon, when the lengthening shadows creeping up the side of the mountains on the east give a marvellous effect. An exceedingly fine echo can be produced by the notes of a cornet. Near the summit is the Devil's Den [see Devil's Den], and not far away is the Flume, a narrow and deep gorge through which a brook finds its way to the ISaco River. N Nahaxt, Mass., 13 miles from Boston, reached by stage from Lynn, on the Eastern Division of the Boston & Maine Railroad, and by steamer from Boston, is situated on a bold promontory of the Atlantic Ocean, connected with the main land by ridges of sand and stone thrown up by the ocean, above which its extreme high point rises more than 150 feet. It has a hard beach and splendid surf for a mile and a half, and a fine driveway. Curious rock formations, caused by the action of the waves, are Pulpit Rock, which lies just by the lower eastern shore of the horseshoe, betw^een the NANCY'S BROOK 51 Natural Ridge (an arch of rock spanning a narrow crevice), and Sappho's Rock, rising 30 feet above tlie water, which, at a little distance, appears like a pulpit with Bible and prayer book ; Swallows' Cave, a gloomy cavern at the lower end of the eastern curve of the horseshoe, overhung by a dome of irregular strata; John's Peril, which fan- cy might take for a yawning fissure in one of the cliffs; Castle Rock, a savage natural fortress; Spouting Horn, Caldron Clitf , and Roaring Cavern. Nancy's Brook. See Crawford Notch. Nantucket, Mass. A quaint old town on an isl- and of the same name, about 30 miles from Mar- tha's Vineyard. [See Martha's Yinej^ard.] It is reached by steamer from New Bedford on the Taunton Division of the Old Colony Railroad sys- tem. The island is of an irregular triangular form, about 16 miles long from east to west, and for the most part from three to four miles wide. It was at one time the chief whaling port of the world. It is picturesquely situated, and the old-fashioned houses, and the paved streets with the grass grow- ing in them, present a very odd appearance. The principal attractions are the Clitf at the North Shore, whence a wide view is had ; the beaches of the South Shore, where the waves roll in grandly after a storm ; and Sciasconset (pronounced Scon- set), a quaint little fishing hamlet on the southeast shore of the island, seven miles from Nantucket. It is reached by a primitive railroad, the track of which is covered with sand a part of the year. On Sanokty Head, one mile north of Sciasconset, there is a lighthouse, and from the eminence on which it stands, the Atlantic Ocean is visible on all sides of the island. Narragansett Pier, one of the most popular of seaside resorts, is situated in the town of Kingston, R. I., on the Narragansett Pier Railroad, at the mouth of Narragansett Bay, and is equally attract- ive for bathing or riding. The surf is light and the water deepens very gradually, which, with the absence of strong currents, renders it unusually safe. Interesting places in the vicinity are the Heights, reached from the beach by street cars, and Silver Lake, a picturesque spot. Excursions may be made to Newport, Rocky Point, Provi- dence, and Marked Rock, a popular excursion place a few miles higher up the bay. 52 NEWFOUND LAKE Newfound Lake. A beautiful body of water, seven miles long and three miles wide, lying in the towns of Bristol, Bridgewater, and Hebron, N. H. It is reached by the Bristol Branch of the Concord Division of the Boston & Maine Piaiload from Franklin. It is a favorite resort of camping par- ties. The distance from Bristol to the principal camping place is between four and five miles, over a good road, ascending most of the way. The principal tish are chub, perch, pickerel, black bass, lake trout, and land-locked salmon. The lake is surrounded by very high hills, and there are three mountains at the northerly end. There are quite a number of islands, mostly covered with wood, supplying camping retreats; Little Belle Island being a favorite place. There is a good supply of both sail and row boats. The shores have all the chracteristics of the mountain lake, being bold and precipitous in some places, and at others low and sandy. Off Sugar Loaf Mountain, 180 feet of line is required for fishing, so deep is the water. Newpokt Mountain. See Mt. Desert. Newport, K. I., called the " Queen of American watering places," is situated on a declivity of the southwest shore of the island from which the state is named, facing the harbor on Narragansett Bay. It is ()9 miles from Boston, and is reached by the Providence Division of the Old Colony Kailroad system ; also via Newport & Wickford Steamboat Company and Continental Steamboat Company. The home of the summer residents, known as New Newport, stretches away to the south with a great number of cottages and villas of the most costly and ornate character. In and around the city are many interesting and beautiful localities. The most notable among the artificial curiosities is the Old Stone Mill, claimed by some to have been built by the Northmen five hundred years before Colum- bus discovered America; but the weight of evi- dence appears to be in favor of the theory that it was erected by Gov. Benedict Arnold, who died in 1678, and who spoke in his will of "my stone-built windmill." It is situated in Tuoro Park, given to the city by Abraham Tuoro, a Hebrew, who was born there. Near the Old Mill is a fine bronze statue of Commodore M. C. Perry, who was a na- tive of Newport. The State House is a venerabel old building, fronting on Washington Square in NEWPOKT, R. I. 53 the centre of the city It was erected in 1742. In the Senate Chamber is one of Stuart's celebrated portraits of Washington. The old Perry mansion, occupied by Commodore Perry after his victory on Lake Erie, fronts on this square; as does the City Hall. Other objects of historical or antiquarian interest are the old Jewish Synagogue, in Tuoro Street, and the Cemetery close by. The synagogue was built in 1762, and up to the Revolutionary War was regularly opened for worship. Since then it has remained unused, though it and the grounds are kept in good order by a bequest of $20,000 left by Mr. Touro for that purpose. Other places of worship of equal antiquity are Trinity Church, which dates from the last century, and has an or- gan still in use presented to it by Bishop Berkeley (then Dean) during his pastorate there, 1729-31; First Baptist Church, 1638; Central Baptist, 1733. The Vernon House, corner of Clark and Mary Streets, was the headquarters of Kochambeau in 1780. There are three fine beaches at Newport, and the facilities for surf bathing are unexcelled. The First Beach is the most popular, owing to its being so situated that there is no danger from undercurrents. It is about half a mile from the hotels, and about a mile east of it is Sachnest Beach, which is used only by the more adventur- ous, as the breakers are very heavy. At the west end of the beach is Purgatory, a dark chasm, KjO feet long, from eight to 14 wide at the top, from two to 24 wide at the bottom, and 50 feet deep. During storms the waves rush through it with tre- mendous fury. Above the Third Beach, a long secluded strip of sand, are the Hanging Rocks, within the shadow of which Bishop Berkeley is said to have written his "Minute Philosopher." The Spouting Cave, reached by Bellevue Avenue, the grand drive of Newport, is a deep cavern run- ning back from the sea into the rocky cliffs, into which the waves rush madly during a storm, and dash through an opening in the roof, sometimes to the height of 50 feet. The Glen is a quiet and se- questered spot, seven miles out on the Stone Bridge Road. The Pirate's Cave, four and one half miles from the city, and Miantononi Hill, one mile and a half, are favorite resorts. Lily Pond, the largest sheet of spring water on the island, is easily reached from Spouting Cave. Fort Adams, on 54 NEWPORT, VT. Brenton's Point, three and one half miles from the city, is one of the largest and strongest fortresses in the United States, mounting HiO guns. Opposite it, on Conanicut Island, are the ruins of an old cir- cular stone fort, called the Dumplings. From its crumbling walls a tine view of the harbor may be obtained. Lime Rock, famous as the home of Ida Lewis, lies in the harbor beyond Goat Island. Brenton's Cove is approached by a causeway lead- ing to Fort Adams, and affords the best view of Newport that can be obtained. Newport, Vt., 2;>0 miles from Boston, is beauti- fully situated at the head of Lake Memphremagog on what is known as Pickerel Point, and is reached by the Passumsic Division of the Boston