DEDICATION OF MONUMENT ■mii[ ERECTED BY THE ONVILLE,GEORGIA wmmmpi^ I aass_/. (o\^^ Book -/ t c^ / / C J I-'ront of Andersoxmllk Munlment DEDICATION OF MONUMENT ERECTED BY THE STATE OF NEW YORK AT ANDERSONVILLE, GEORGIA 1914 A PILGRIMAGE TO THE SHRINES OF PATRIOTISM BEING THE REPORT OF THE COMMIS- SION TO DEDICATE THE MONUMENT ERECTED BY THE STATE OF NEW YORK, IN ANDERSONVILLE, GEORGIA To Commemorate the Heroismi, Sacrifices and Patriotism of More Than Nine Thousand of Her Sons Who Were Confined in That Prison, of Whom More Than Two Thousand Five Hundred Perished There, with an Account of Services of the New York Resident Surviving Anderson- ville Veterans Held Thereat and Also Enroute at Richmond and Danville, Va., Salisbury, N. C, and Lookout Mountain, Tenn., April 26-30, 1914 17 -1^7 ^o 9 PUBLISHED BY AUTHORITY OF THE STATE OF NEW YORK 1'^. l^CUi,^ UNDER THE SUPERVISION OF THE ANDERSONVILLE MONUMENT DEDICATION COMMISSION ALBANY : J. B. LYON COMPANY, PRINTERS. I9I6 REPORT OF THE ANDERSON VI LLE MONUMENT DEDICATION COMMISSION To the Legislature of the State of New York, Albany, N. Y.: Pursuant to the provisions of Chapter 413, Laws of 1913, we have the honor to submit herewith a report of the Commission for the dedi- cation of the monument of the State of New York in Andersonville, Ga., on April 29, 1914, with some account of the exercises held in con- nection therewith ; with a record also of services enroute at Richmond and Danville, Va., Salisbury, N. C, and Lookout Mountain, Tenn., from April 27 to 30, 1914. In behalf of the Andersonville Monument Dedication Commis- sion, we are Your obedient servants, A. J. PALMER, Chairman, WM. B. CARS WELL, Treasurer, W. R. HERRICK, W. P. HAMILTON, Jr., J. L. PATRIE, JNO. KERRIGAN, F. M. BRADLEY, C. H. BAUMES, S. G. BURDICK, I. M. FOSTER, R. B. McCULLY, G. R. BROWN, JNO. MACKENZIE, Commissioners. JOSEPH L. KILLGORE, Secretary. 5 D. of D. JUN 5 1917 CONTENTS PAGE Foreword 11 Explanatory 13 The Journey 25 The First Day — Richmond, Va 28 The Second Day — Danville, Va., and Salisbury, N. C 30 The Third Day — Andersonville, Ga 34 Richmond, Va 39 The First Day — Exercises at National Cemetery, Richmond, Va 40 Address by Senator A. J. Palmer 41 Address by Hon. Harold J. Hinman 45 Address by Hon. J. L. Patrie 50 Grant Memorial Banquet, Richmond, Va 55 Address by Senator A. J. Palmer 55 The Second Day — Danville, Va 59 Services at National Cemetery 59 Prayer by Rev. Dr. I. M. Foster 59 Address by Mayor Wooding 60 Address by Hon. William Pinkney Hamilton, Jr 62 Address by Senator A. J. Palmer 63 The Second Day (Afternoon) — Salisbury, N. C 65 Services at National Cemetery 66 Prayer by Rev. Mr. Detera 66 Address by Mayor of Salisbury 67 Address by Colonel Boyden 68 Address by Hon. John Kerrigan 70 Address by Col. Samuel C. Pierce 72 Address by Hon. Robert L. Drummond 75 Address by Superintendent Fonda 80 The Third Day — Andersonville, Ga 81 The Monument Itself 83 7 8 CONTENTS Faoe Services in Prison Cemetery, Andersonville, Ga 87 Prayer by Rev. .1. II. Rohinson 87 Address l)y Senator A. J. Palmer 88 Address hy Secretary Josej))! I>. Killgore 9i Story of the 85th N. Y., by Commissioner Burdick 96 Address by Commissioner Bm"dick !»7 A Tribute of Honor — Poem Written by Mrs. Martha A. T. Rurdick 98 Address by Commissioner I. M. Foster 100 Address by Commissioner McCully 108 Address by Commissioner Brown Ill Address by Commissioner Mackenzie Ill Presentation of Medals, within the Prison Stockade 112 Presentation of I>oving Cup by Commissioner I. M. Foster 1 13 Response by Senator A. J. Palmer 115 Continuation of Services at the Monument: Prayer by Commissioner I. M. Foster 117 Address by Senator \. J. Palmer 118 Address by Hon. Thaddeus C. Sweet 118 Address by Senator A. J. Palmer 121 Dedicatory Prayer 121 Presentation Address by Hon. John F. Murtaugh 122 Address of Acceptance by Colonel Langfitt 126 Farewell Address by Senator A. J. Palmer 128 Lookout Mountain, Tenn 129 Address by Secretary Joseph L. Killgore 129 Final Address by Senator A. J. Palmer 131 Alphaljetical List of Entire Party Who Attended the Dedication 139 Report by Clara Barton on Expedition to Andersonville, July, 1865 145 Dorence Atwater — A Biography, by Hon. Francis Atwater, His Brother .... 159 The Dead at Andersonville — Introduction by Dorence Atwater 165 List of New York State Soldiers Buried in Andersonville National Ceme- tery 171 LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS Front of Andersonville Monument Frontispiece FAcnra paoe Senator A. J. Palmer 16 ■ Senator William B. Carswell 16 Senator Walter R. Herrick 24 Assemblyman William P. Hamilton, Jr 24 Assemblyman J. L. Patrie 32 Assemblyman John Kerrigan 32 Assemblyman Frank M. Bradley 40 Assemblyman Caleb H. Baumes 40 Comrade Silas J. Burdick 48 Comrade Rev. Isaac M. Foster 48 Comrade Robert B. McCully 56 Comrade George R. Brown 56 Comrade John Mackenzie 64 Comrade Joseph L. Killgore 64 Salisbury Exercises 72 Confederate Veterans and Daughters of Confederacy Who Honored Us at Danville, Va 72 Plan of Andersonville Prison Grounds 80 View of Andersonville Taken from the North Gate, August 14, 1864 80 Back of Andersonville Monument 88 Andersonville Prison Park 88 Mrs. Martha A. Irish Burdick 96 Providence Spring at Andersonville as it is To-day 104 Line Up at Andersonville for Presentation of New York State's Commemo- rative Dedication Medal ; : 112 Survivor's Medal 120 Dedication of Monument at Andersonville 128 Dedication Party at the Foot of New York Monument, Lookout Mountain, Tenn 136 Clara Barton at Time of Civil War 144 9 10 LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS rACIMO PAGE Dorence Atwater 160 Union Dead in Andcrsonville 168 Graves Across Road in Front of New York Monument at Andcrsonville During Dedication Ceremony 192 FOREWORD THE WHOLE subject of prisoners of war is one of the most delicate and pathetic in the history of nations. The story of their privations and sufferings has been such a pitiful tale as to excite horror upon the narration of it, and then a desperate resolve to cast it from the mind as unutterable and irremediable. Particularly is this so when a people are to be conquered by exhaustion; then the prisoners suffer first. In all history this has been a ghastly and inhuman tale. Monuments to soldiers who have perished in prison are rare in- deed. Monuments usually have been reared on battle-fields or in cities where the people could behold them. In the war that saved the Union, not only the nation has built monuments to commemorate great deeds and great men, but many of the States have done the same. New York has not been behind her sister States. Her monuments stand on every battle-field among the noblest that adorn them. She has, however, erected but one monument to her prison dead — that at Anderson- ville, Ga. Eleven other States had preceded her in this. They are : Maine, Massachusetts, Rhode Island, Connecticut, New Jersey, Pennsylvania, Ohio, Indiana, Wisconsin, Michigan and Iowa. The monument, concerning.the dedication of which this report has to do, is that erected by the State of New York in Andersonville, Ga. There were many places within the Southern Confederacy where pris- oners were confined at one time or another throughout the war. It is said there were sixty-eight of such prisons. Many, however, were but transient and prisoners were removed from place to place as conditions required. The five great prisons in the Southern Confederacy from 1861 to 1865 were located at Richmond, Va., Danville, Va., Salisbury, N. C, Florence, S. C, and Andersonville, Ga. These were, in a sense, 11 12 FOREWORD permanent prisons, at which the prisoners were finally assembled and confined. At times there were many prisoners in Charleston and Columbia, S. C, and Macon, Ga., and at many other places through- out the South. However, the great prisons were at the places above named. It is at these that national cemeteries are maintained by the nation as sepulchres of its distinctively prison dead, and, with the exception of two monuments in Salisbury, N. C, all the States have erected their memorials to their dead prisoners either within the stockade or in the prison cemetery adjoining at Andersonville, Ga. EXPLANATORY MONUMENTS to commemorate national heroes have been erected in all ages. The pyramids are but the monmnents of the Egyptians. The chief lesson of monvmients is but the spirit of Kipling's famous line, " Lest we forget." Of course, monu- ments are not always militarj', but yet are chiefly so. Moreover, they commemorate victories but not defeats. The triumphal arches have no corresponding arches of defeat. The names on the nation's memo- rials are those of its heroes: Grant, on Riverside Drive; Lincoln, in Springfield; McKinlej^ in Ohio. The battle-field at Gettysburg is adorned with hundreds of monuments bearing the names of its gen- erals, or marking the precise spots where designated regiments fought valiantly. The purpose of monuments is, moreover, not onlj'^ to com- memorate the past, but to teach lessons for the future to the youth of the land. Our country is perhaps the only nation which has preserved in dis- tinctly prison cemeteries the ashes of its dead. Of these there are five : At Riclmiond, Va., Danville, Va., Salisbury, N. C, Florence, S. C, and Andersonville, Ga. The latter was the latest and the largest of the prisons. Although probably during the four years of war there were more prisoners in Richmond, Va., than ever were confined in Andersonville, Ga. (it is estimated that 125,000 prisoners were at one time or another confined at Richmond), yet Andersonville, while it existed as a prison only from February, '64, to April, '65, had within its borders at one time more than 30,000 prisoners. Therefore, it was at Andersonville that the State of New York determined to erect a monument to its prisoners. Considering the number of the prison dead, there has been great indifference to the erection of monuments to their memory. Some, 13 14 STATE OF NEW YORK doubtless, have felt that these painful memories should speedily be for- gotten ; others, perhaps, that as only private soldiers — " enlisted men " — perished in the prisons, they were of less aecoimt; at any rate there have been few influential voices in public life lifted in their behalf. At last, however, in 1905, the State of New York did empower its Monuments Commission (see Chapter 717 of the Laws of New York, 1905), to erect, on a site to be selected by the commissioners, in the national cemetery at Andersonville, State of Georgia, or within the prison grounds adjacent thereto, a suitable monument to commemo- rate the heroism, sacrifices and patriotism of more than nine thousand New York soldiers of the Union army in the War of the Rebellion, who were confined as prisoners of war in Andersonville, of whom more than two thousand five hundred died in that prison. Three additional commission.ers, all survivors of Andersonville, who had served in New York regiments, were added to the Commission for tliis purpose. This legislation was secured mainly through the efforts of Hon. George A. Green of the 12th Assembly District, Kings county, and Senator Witter of Allegany county. The monument thus authorized was duly erected but remained im- dedicated until 1913, when finally an act was passed (introduced by Senator Wm. B. Carswell of Kings county), authorizing the appoint- ment of a Commission for this service. It is Chapter 413, Laws of 1913, and is as follows: AN ACT To create a commission to dedicate the monument erected by the state of New York, at Andersonville, in the state of Georgia, to com- memorate the heroism, sacrifices and patriotism of more than nine thousand New York soldiers, who were confined as prisoners of war in Andersonville prison, Georgia, of whom more than two thousand five hundred died in the prison, and making an appropriation therefor. The People of the State of New York, represented in Senate and Assembly, do enact as follows: ANDERSONVILLE MONUMENT DEDICATION 15 Section 1. A commission is hereby created to consist of thirteen members — three senators, to be appointed by the president of the sen- ate, five members of assembly, to be appointed by the speaker of the assembly, and five veterans of the civil war, who enlisted from the state of New York, who are survivors of Andersonville prison, and who are at present citizens of the state of New York, to be appointed by the governor, such appointments in each case to be made within tliirty days after the passage of this act. § 2. This commission so created shall have complete charge of the ceremonies to dedicate the monument erected by the state of New York, at Andersonville, in the state of Georgia, to commemorate the heroism, sacrifice and patriotism of more than nine thousand New York soldiers, who were confined as prisoners of war in Andersonville prison, Georgia, of whom more than two thousand five hundred died in the prison. Irmnediately after their appointments, the commis- sioners shall meet and select a chairman and secretary. § 3. Twenty thousand dollars ($20,000), or as much thereof as may be necessary, are hereby appropriated for the proper carrying out of the provisions of this act, the same to be paid by the treasurer on the warrant of the comptroller, on proper vouchers, duly certified by the chairman and secretary of this commission. § 4. This act shall take effect immediately. Previous legislation to accomplish this object had been defeated by executive disapprovals. However, the Hon. William Sulzer, the Governor of New York, approved this act and it became a law on April 30, 1913. Under this act the following commissioners were appointed : The three Senators were named by Lieutenant-Governor Martin H. Glynn as follows: Senator Abraham J. Palmer, Milton-on-Hudson, N. Y. ; Senator Wm. B. Carswell, Brooklyn, N. Y.; Senator Walter R. Herrick, New York City. The Hon. Alfred E. Smith, Speaker of the Assembly, designated the following five Assemblymen as members of this Commission : 16 STATE OF NEW YORK Hon. Wm. P. Hamilton, Brooklyn, N. Y.; Hon. J. L. Patrie, Catskill, N, Y. ; Hon. John Kerrigan, New York City ; Hon. Frank M, Bradley, Barker, N. Y.; Hon. Caleb H. Baunies, Newburgh. N. Y. Governor Sulzer appointed the following five veterans who had been prisoners at Andersonville, as commissioners: Silas G. Burdick, Cuba, N. Y. ; Isaac M. Foster, Walton, N. Y. ; Robert B. McCully, New York City; George R. Brown, Brooklyn, N. Y. ; John Mackenzie, Watervliet, N. Y. The Commission thus appointed organized by electing the follow- ing officers : Hon. Abraham J. Pahner, chairman; Hon. William B. Carswell, treasurer ; Mr. Joseph L. Killgore, secretary. Subsequent action of the Commission at its various meetings should be noted here as follows : 1. It was ordered that the usual rules and usages that apply to legislative committees shall apply also to this Commission. 2. The chairman was authorized to " prepare a program and in- vite such guests as he may elect, and perform such other duties as he may deem necessary in furtherance of the Commission." 3. The date of the dedication was left to the chairman. 4. The moneys available for the purpose of this Commission were ordered distributed upon vouchers or warrants " signed by the treas- urer and countersigned by the chairman." 5. On motion of Senator Herrick, the following itinerary was adopted : Leave New York, Sunday, April 26th, 10 p. m. Arrive Richmond, Monday, April 27th. Day at Richmond (Grant Birthday Dinner). Leave Richmond, Monday, April 27th, 11 :30 p. m. Arrive Danville, Va., Tuesday, April 28th, 7 a. m. Leave Danville, Va., Tuesday, April 28th, 12 m. Senator A. J. Palmer Chairman of Commission Senator William B. Carswell Member of Commission ^-^^^ ANDERSONVILLE MONUMENT DEDICATION 17 Arrive Salisbury, N. C, Tuesday, April 28th, 3 p. m. Leave Salisbury, N. C, Tuesday, April 28th, 7 p. m. Arrive Andersonville, Wednesday, April 29th, 8 to 9 A. M. Leave Andersonville, Wednesday, April 29th, 8 P. M. Arrive Chickamauga, Thursday, April 30th, 6 A. M. Leave Chickamauga, Thursday, April 30th, Noon. Lookout Mountain, Tenn., 2 p. m. Leave Chattanooga, 6 p. m. Arrive New York, Friday, May 1st, 9 p. M. 6. It was determined to serve a dinner within the site of the old prison grounds at Andersonville at noon on April 29, 1914. The details were left to the officers of the 'Commission. 7. Report of Commissioner Brown — that after considering many designs for badges and medals submitted by several competing firms, he recommended that the Commission adopt the one offered by Whitehead & Hoag Company, 253 Broadwaj% New York City, as the New York Survivor's Medal of Honor, and the one presented by J. F. Neuman of 11 John street. New York City, as the badge for the guests. This was adopted. The intention of the Commission to follow the example of other States and invite to participate in the dedicatory services at Ander- sonville all survivors of that prison who had been soldiers of the State of New York at the time of their capture, involved an enormous amount of labor. Delays were inevitable and it was felt, also, that the utmost econ- omy must be practiced. So instead of hiring an office as was custom- ary, by com-tesy of Adjutant-General Henry DeWitt Hamilton, his private office in the State Arsenal building, at 7th avenue and 35th street, in the city of New York, was placed gratuitously at the disposal of the chairman of the Commission, where he might call the meetings of the Commission, conduct the necessary correspondence, and where the comrades might assemble when the time of departure arrived. 2 18 STATE OF NEW YORK It was felt, also, that there should be no partiality; that no one should be invited to be the guest of the State except those qualifying, but that all who did fulfil the conditions should have an opportunity to participate in the dedication. Three methods were used to reach every veteran throughout the State. First: Letters were printed in newspapers calling on every surviving prisoner of Andersonville, who had been a New York sol- dier, to correspond with the Commission. Second: Every Grand Army Post throughout the State was requested to circulate, not only among its own comrades but as widely as possible, a similar invitation. And, Third: Members of the Legislature, both Senators and Assem- blymen, were requested to distribute throughout their respective dis- tricts this invitation, so that in the remotest spot in the State the hum- blest veteran who had been a prisoner at Andersonville should be in- formed of his opportunity. The following one is typical of the many letters sent out: jANUi^IlY, 1914. To the Commanders of Posts, Department of New York, G. A. R.: Will you kindly annoimce to the Comrades of your Post the ap- pended invitation, and request through them the general circulation of this inquiry? It is hoped thus to reach every Union veteran of the State of New York who was confined in Andersonville, so that if his health will warrant his attendance at these dedicatory services and the State should provide the transportation, etc., he may have the oppor- tunity of re-visiting, after fifty years, the scenes which witnessed both his valor and his sufferings. The Commission will appreciate your prompt compliance with this request. Yours in F. C. & L., A. J. PALMER, Chairman. J. L. KiLLGORE, Secretary. ANDERSONVILLE MONUMENT DEDICATION 19 The monument erected by the State of New York at Anderson- ville, Ga., to commemorate her soldiers who died in that prison fifty years ago, is to be dedicated tliis coming April. Comrades who served in New York regiments at the time of their capture, who were confined in Andersonville and who are able to attend the dedicatory services, provided that arrangements can be made therefor, should at once send their names and addresses (also company and regiment) to Senator A. J. PALMER, Chairman, Andersonville Monument Dedication Com- mission, Arsenal Building, 7th Avenue and 35th Street, New York City, N. B. — It is hoped to stop enroute at the prison cemeteries at Riclimond and Danville, Va., Salisbury, N. C, and Florence, S. C. In these five cemeteries, 36,784 Union soldiers are buried, of which it is estimated between 9,000 and 10,000 were from the State of New York. April 14, 1914. Dear Sir and Comrade: We are sending you herewith an application blank for transporta- tion and subsistence from New York City to Andersonville, Ga., and return. It includes berth in Pullman car and meals enroute. The bill, which passed the Legislature unanimously, making an additional appropriation of $30,000, has failed of approval. If we could have secured that it would have enabled us to provide also for your fare from your home to New York City and return. This we are now, alas, unable to promise. If you can go, fill out this blank and return at once in enclosed addressed envelope, this application must reach us not later THAN MONDAY, APRIL 20tH. If any friends, or members of your family, desire to accompany you at their own expense, they may do so. It will cost from New York to Andersonville and return, including berth and meals, ap- proximately $60 each. The name or names should accompany your application, also check for above amount, payable to Wm. B. Cars- well, Treasurer. 20 STATE OF NEW YORK Great promptness is now imperative, that we may have time to book the necessary reservations. Fraternally yours, A. J. PALMER, J. L. KiLLGORE, Secretary. Chairman. A typical letter to an individual : Dear Comrade: The Andersonville monument will be dedicated April 30, 1914. Train bearing guests and soldiers leaves Pennsylvania Station, 33d street and 7th avenue. New York City, on Sunday night, April 26th. On the assumption that Governor Glynn will sign the bill now before him, appropriating moneys to defray necessary expenses from New York to Andersonville and return, are you in a position to go to An- dersonville with the Commission? Kindly advise me by return mail whether or not you can go. If your reply is in the affirmative, kindly forward me the name and address of your family physician for the records of the Commission. With best wishes, I am Fraternally yours, A. J. PALMER, Chairman. Much time and an elaborate correspondence ensued. Certificates of physicians were required, and every effort was made to confine the list strictly to the eligible and the worthy. Sample Circular for Reply IMPORTANT.— Read Carefully, Fill In and Return at Once. This application must reach us not later than Monday, April 20th. To the New York State Andersonville Monument Dedication Com- mission, Arsenal Building, 7th Avenue and 35th Street, New York City: Gentlemen: I, , hereby make application for transportation to Andersonville, Ga., and return to attend the dedica- tion of the New York State monument, on train leaving Pennsylvania ANDERSONVILLE MONUMENT DEDICATION 21 Railroad Station, 33rd street and 7th avenue, New York City, Sun- day, April 26, 1914, 9 o'clock p. m. I attest upon my honor as a man and a soldier that I was a member of Company of the N. Y. at the time of my capture, and was confined in the following Rebel prisons ; that I did not at any time take the oath of alle- giance to the Southern Confederacy nor was in any way disloyal to the Union, and that I was honorably discharged from the service of the United States. The name of my family physician is his address is Yours truly. Dated at Signature this day of April, 1914. Address Finally the date was fixed, after the adjournment of the Legisla- ture of 1914, as April 26th of that year. The precise reason for choos- ing this day was that it was the date of Memorial — or "Decoration" — Day in the State of Georgia, whither we were bound. It did not occur to any one until subsequently that the itinerary adopted would bring the Commission and the comrades to the city of Richmond, Va., on the birthday of General Grant. Arrangements were satisfactorily made with the officers of the Pennsylvania Railroad Company for the entire journey, including Pulhnan cars, in which every comrade had a berth, and meals were served in the dining cars, with the exceptions later mentioned. These arrangements were faithfully fulfilled. The Conmiission had determined to visit Andersonville only, but as the trains were passing directly through Richmond and Danville, Va., and Salisbury, N. C, it was decided to stop at each of those ceme- teries for a brief service. Seven thousand New York State flags were provided, one of which was placed upon each New York soldier's grave in all the national prison cemeteries throughout the South. Badges and medals were also provided, and upon the breast of every New York survivor of 22 STATE OF NEW YORK Andersonville was pinned a medal of honor, conferred upon him by the State within the stockade at Andersonville itself, as the reader of this report will learn. The Government at Washington did us many favors. The Secre- tary of War ordered a band from Savannah, Ga. (at the nation's ex- pense) , to proceed to Andersonville, Ga., on the day of the dedication, and their services are gratefully acknowledged. The President first appointed Gen. L. L. Mills and subsequently Col. W. C. Langfitt, of the Engineer Corps, U. S. A., to represent him in his absence. Gen- eral Mills' letter accepting the appointment is as follows: Hon. A. J. Palmer, April 18, 1914. Chairman, State of New York Andersonville Monument Dedica- tion Commission, Arsenal Building, 7th Avenue and 35th Street, New York City. My dear Senator Palmer : I am in receipt this morning of your very kind letter of the 17th instant inviting me, as the officer designated to represent the President at the dedication of New York's monmnent at Andersonville, Ga., to accompany your official train from the city of New York for the en- tire trip, also extending to Mrs. Mills the same very kind invitation. In reply I regret very much not being able to accept, due to the inadvisability of my being away from my duties here in Washington, just at this time, any longer than necessary. Both Mrs. Mills and 1 greatly appreciate the attractive invitation extended to her and regret that we can not be one of the party to enjoy the attractive schedule of visits you have planned for the occasion. I will arrange to leave Washington so as to join you at Anderson- ville early on the morning of the 29th. Looking forward to the pleas- ure of meeting the Commission there at that time, I remain, with kindest regards and wishes. Very sincerely yours, L. L. MILLS, Brigadier-General, General Staff, United States Army. ANDERSONVILLE MONUMENT DEDICATION 23 The superintendents of all the cemeteries wei-e instructed to serve us in every way, which all faithfully did. The total number that arrived on the evening of April 26th to make the journey proved to be 222. There were two trains of Pullman cars and three dining cars were attached at Danville, Va. The cars were comfortable and every old soldier was given a berth. The meals were satisfactory but inexpen- sive, and all fared alike. The distance traveled was approximately 3000 miles from a point at the center of the State of New York to Andersonville, Ga., and re- turn. The gi-eat age of these ex-prisoners of war, whom the State had invited to make the journey (the average age was over 72% years; some were over 80) , made it necessary that they should be transported in at least modest comfort. The journey was successfully accomplished as will appear in the following pages. April 27th was spent in Richmond. The morning of the 28th at Danville, Va., the afternoon at Salis- bury, N. C. The entire day of April 29th was spent at Andersonville and the monument was impressively dedicated. A stop was made at Chattanooga on the return trip, and a brief final service was held at Lookout Mountain, Tenn. A detailed state- ment of the journey and of the exercises appears in the following pages. No accident or illness occurred to mar the success of the trip, and the weather was ideal. The speeches were largely made by the veterans themselves who had experienced the privations of these prisons in their youth, and if all the people of the State of New York could have wit- nessed these scenes, particularly, perhaps, that at Andersonville, when, with uncovered heads and reverend steps, these survivors of this prison entered again, after fifty years, the cemetery where their comrades 24 STATE OF NEW YORK slept, the tremendous pathos would have impressed them; and whoever will catch the spirit of this pilgrimage by reading the pages which fol- low will learn in detail the glory of the soldiers who perished in these prisons, and the worthy tribute that was paid them, after half a cen- tury, by their comrades and their State. The Commission learns with regret that during the preparation of this report one of the commissioners, The Rev. Isaac M. Foster, D. D., has died. As the reader of these pages peruses his many elo- quent words which will be found herein, he is reminded that they were uttered by lips that are now silent forever. Senator Walter R. Herrick Member of Coniniission Assemblyman Wm. P. Hamilton, Jr. Meniljer of Commission THE JOURNEY IT WAS a notable company of aged men who gathered at the State arsenal in the city of New York on April 26, 1914. They were all ex-prisoners of war who had served in New York regiments at the time of their capture, and had been confined in the prison at Andersonville, Ga., in 1864-5. They had been invited to be the guests of the State at the dedica- tion of the monument at Andersonville, Ga., which had been erected on that pathetic spot, which fifty years before had been the scene of their tragic suffering. They came from all parts of the State — from the remote towns and villages as well as the largest cities — and upon each face there was a happy and exultant smile. To them it was the event of their lives. They proved to be healthy men and men of good character, also of evident social standing in their respective communities. They had survived the half century because of exemplary habits, and, of course, of organic soundness of the vital organs as well. Otherwise the priva- tions of their youth would long before this have broken down their strength. They were, however, but a handful of siu'vivors of the many thou- sands of their comrades with whom they had shared unutterable priva- tions in the war that saved the Union. Their average age was slightly above seventy. They had been, therefore, but a little over twenty at the time of their imprisonment. Some were even younger. Commis- sioner Brown had spent his sixteenth birthday in the Andersonville stockade, and the ^vriter had passed his seventeenth birthday in the prisons of Richmond. They had all been but lads who had " learned to use a gun before they did a razor " at the time of their capture, and now they had survived life's perils for half a century, and, as the 25 26 STATE OF NEW YORK guests of the State, were to re-visit the scenes of their sufferings and the graves of their comrades. It was a great day for them and a worthy deed of the State. The number of veterans who proved able to accept the State's in- vitation was less than had been hoped for. Of the four hundred names estimated as the actual number of " survivors " who were living in the Empire State, only 248 men, after long and patient inquiry, were placed upon the list as able to go. The delays materially reduced this number. If we had made the journey in 1913, more, doubtless, would have been well enough to accompany us. A year is an appreciable period of time to men as aged as these. Steadil}^ during these months the Commission received word from one and another, who had declared their ability and wish to go, of their inability to do so. Some had become ill. A pathetic letter was frequently received from a son or daughter saying, " Father had died," and adding how much he had wished to live to make the journey; and so the list of 248 dwindled away until in April, 1914, many were act- ually able to reach New York and start upon the pilgrimage. It was hoped that if we started on their Memorial day the people of Georgia would appreciate the delicate courtesy which was intended. The singular fact, however, resulted that we found ourselves in Rich- mond, Va., on the 27th of April, which was the 92nd birthday of Gen. Ulysses S. Grant. Richmond was the capital of the Southern Con- federacy — Grant was its conqueror. Grant's birthday in Richmond — what a day and what an opportunity ! Word had preceded us to Riclmiond and much discussion had re- sulted in which we did not participate. We were his soldiers and we were on the scene of his triumph and we were not afraid. Yet we did not wish to vaunt ourselves or to offend the people of that historic city. Throughout the journey we steadfastly studied to avoid that, and with success. Not a single criticism is known to have followed us from the people, among whom ANDERSONVILLE MONUMENT DEDICATION 27 our dead were lying and above whose silent faces, daj' after day, we planted oui* flags and sang our songs to their honor. Thus it was a notable gathering that met at the Pennsylvania depot in New York on the evening of the 26th. A goodly number of the veterans were accompanied by their wives, or sons or daughters, always at their own expense, and so, with the Commission, the guests and the veterans, the total number who started on the " pilgrimage " was 222. Little State flags adorned the cars and the engines, and it was ob- vious enough everywhere we passed that this was the State of New York upon a pathetic pilgrimage to the graves of her wortluest sons. While the " pilgrims " had all been comi'ades in prison fifty years before, very few recognized each other, except such as had served in the same regiments or lived in the same locality and had therefore maintained their friendship throughout the years. Conmiissioner Mackenzie and Senator Palmer had spent the cruel winters of '63-4 together on Belle Island and had tramped together for many a winter's night, doubtless, through snow and sleet in that des- perate struggle to survive. Yet neither could recall the least ground for recognition of the other, only as they knew they had been comrades on that spot, their hearts rushed together in fraternal embrace. So it was with all. It was a band of brothers, reunited after long separation, for an hour, at the scenes of their great sufferings. The Pennsylvania Railroad (with whom the contract had been signed for the entire trip), had made every arrangement to our satis- faction. Its officers were on hand to see us off, also the agents of the other railroads which served us with their trackage on our long jour- ney, and many friends of the veterans as well ; in all a goodly company was on hand to bid us " bon voyage " and a safe return. Each veteran had a card indicating the train and car and berth to which he was assigned. On arrival he simply went to the car, pre- sented his card and was at once directed to the berth which had been 28 STATE OF NEW YORK reserved to him for the trip. Each car on both trains was in the care of one of the commissioners. On Train 1 : Car 1 — Was in charge of Commissioner Carswell. Car 2 — Was in charge of Commissioner Herrick. Car 3 — Was in charge of Commissioner Kerrigan. Car 4 — Was in charge of Commissioner Foster. Car 5 — AVas in charge of Commissioner Palmer (chairman). On Train 2 : Car 1 — Was in charge of Commissioner Burdick. Car 2 — Was in charge of Commissioner McCuUy. Car 3 — Was in charge of Commissioner Brown. Car 4 — Was in charge of Commissioner Mackenzie. Cars 5 and 6 — Were in charge of Secretary Killgore. Promptly at 9 :30 p. m., " All aboard " was shouted along the plat- form ; everybody was in his right place ; Train No. 1 began to move and we were off on our " pilgrimage to the shrines of patriotism." THE FIRST DAY Richmond, Va. The train arrived safely at Riclimond early in the morning of April 27th. " On to Richmond! " had been the war cry fifty years before and now we were " on the spot." The party left the trains here and spent the day at the Jefferson Hotel, where the pre-arrangements had been faithfully carried out and the physical comfort of the entire company was satisfactorily attended to. Breakfast was served in the upper corridors and it seemed indeed as if the entire facilities of the great hostelry were at our disposal. At 10 A. M., automobiles and busses were promptly on hand and carried the entire company to the national cemetery, just outside the city limits, on the northeast, where the exercises of the forenoon were ANDERSONVILLE MONUMENT DEDICATION 29 held. This was the bui'ial ground of the prisoners who had died in Richmond. A State flag had been placed by the superintendent on every known grave of a New York soldier, and grouped to the center of " unknown " graves were as many flags as the estimated number from the State required. This estimate was based upon the fact that while one- fourth of all troops in Gettysburg were from New York, yet some prisoners were confined in Riclimond, from the western armies, and the percentage of the graves of New York's prisoners would probably be less than that, or somewhere between one-fifth and one-sixth of the entu-e number here entombed. The day was perfect. The exercises were held in a pavilion in the center of the grounds, the entire party being grouped around. With the exception of a few children from adjacent streets, who were at- tracted by the imusual scene, no visitors from the city attended the services. It was evident here, as at the hotel, that we were to be left strictly to ourselves. No one interfered with us and no one joined us. Across the threshold of that pathetic spot, where for fifty years have lain in- terred the men of Belle Island and Libby prison, no foot of man or woman from the city of Richmond or the State of Virginia is said to have passed. The exercises were admirable. They will appear in these pages in their proper order. This is the spot above all others in the South where a great monu- ment should be erected, so worthy architecturally of the dead there commemorated, that they should no longer lie unnoticed. At the close of the morning exercises the entire party returned to the hotel for lunch, and spent the afternoon as their inclinations led them. Many of them had been imprisoned in Richmond, in one prison or another at some period, and they re-visited the places where these prisons were, with a pathetic interest. 30 STATE OF NEW YORK Some crossed the footbridge to Belle Island, to the scene of the old stockade, recalling their grim experiences upon that spot. Many found their way to Libby or Mayo Prison hospital — Castle Thunder — and some even went to Petersburg and the battle-field of Seven Pines, wherever they had served in battle. The commissioners and State officers, called on the Governor of Virginia in the afternoon, in the State capitol, which had been the capi- tol of the Confederacy throughout the war. Governor Stuart, a nephew of the Confederate General, J, E. B. Stuart, received us cordially, but, owing to a previous engagement did not accept our invitation to attend the Grant Birthday banquet in the evening. At night, the banquet in celebration of the 92nd birthday of Grant was held in the magnificent banquet hall of the Jefferson Hotel. It was the most noticeable event of the entire trip, with the exception of the dedication of the monument itself at Andersonville, and the decor- ating with the medals of honor of the survivors within the prison stockade, two days later. A detailed account of the banquet will ap- pear in its proper place in these pages. Suffice to say here that it was worthy of the great occasion, an imique event not in our lives only but so far as is recalled in the experi- ences of veteran soldiers everywhere in history. Before midnight the party had again entrained and started south- ward. The first day of the " pilgrimage " was past and it will be forever memorable. THE SECOND DAY Tuesday, April 28th The trains arrived safely at Danville, Va., in the early morning. Here the dining cars were attached, one on Train No. 1 and two on Train No. 2. In these the entire party were to be fed tliroughout the ANDERSONVILLE MONUMENT DEDICATION 31 remainder of the journey, with the sole exception (as already stated) of the dinner at the prison grounds at Andersonville on the following day. The prisons at Danville had been used largely to accommodate the overflow from those in Riclimond. The prison cemetery was situated about a mile from the • station. Trolleys and private automobiles quickly took us all to that quiet and modest resting-place. It is the smallest of the prison cemeteries, yet is as well preserved and cared for as are the others. Here, also, the good superintendent had placed the State flags on the graves of New York soldiers, and the Daughters of the Confeder- acy in Danville had adorned them with flowers. Here the citizens greeted us with the heartiest cordiality. The mayor addi'essed us. The Camp of Confederate Veterans came with their automobiles to carry us about and to the scene of the ser- vices; they also joined us in the exercises and with the utmost good fellowship. There were evidences everywhere of the typical southern hos- pitality and welcome for us. The ladies of the rival camps vied with each other to greet us with their blessings on our way. Danville prides itself on being the " last capital of the Confeder- acy," for here Jefferson Davis, retreating from Richmond, made his last stand, issued his last message and performed probably his last act as the chief of a cause which was lost. At the close of the services in the prison cemetery we again en- trained (about noon), and started on southward. As we passed the cemetery a mile beyond the city we could see the flowers and flags still upon the graves of our comrades, and we were not without a feeling, growing out of the cordiality of our greeting by the people of that city, that our dead were not indifferent to the hearts of the good people among whom they are destined forever to lie. Promptly on time in the early afternoon we reached Salisbury, N.C. 32 STATE OF NEW YORK Here is the greatest of the prison cemeteries, with the sole excep- tion of Andersonville, and here also we were greeted with the greatest cordiahty by the people. If there was a single one among the popula- tion who did not welcome om- coming, he was not in evidence. Ban- ners were in the air and the mayor and the leading citizens accom- panied us to the grounds and participated in the services. The State of Pennsylvania has done itself great honor by the splendid monument it has erected at the entrance to the cemetery to Salisbury's " unknown " dead. The spot itself is " beautiful for situa- tion," although not large, and it has been preserved, as have all the national cemeteries throughout the South, with the greatest care. Here the great name that the people mentioned as having given distinction to their city was not Jefferson Davis but Andrew Jackson. We were shown his residence and the office where he started the practice of law. The pathos of Salisbury is the enormous number of the dead who are " unknown." No nomenclature of the prisoners appears to have survived, if one was kept, so comparatively few of the interments have their names upon their graves, but, instead, a definite area, level as a lawn, but sur- rounded by a hedge to define its outline, contains the sepulchre of 12,000 Union prisoners, all of whom were " unknown." It was their destiny to " lie among those who are numbered and not among those who are named." The whole area where these men were buried is less than an acre in extent. They told us that eighteen huge trenches were dug, parallel to each other, and, as the dead were borne from the prisons, they were simply piled upon each other, day after day, and the earth shoveled over them as fast as the trenches were filled. The way they ascer- tained the number thus interred was by digging do^vn along the edge of the trenches and counting how many deep the dead were lying, then by multiplying this by the length and nimiber of the trenches, they Assemblyman J. L. Patrie Member of Commission Assemblyman John Kerrigan Member of Commission ANDERSONVILLE MONUMENT DEDICATION 33 reached the appalling result that 12,000 Union prisoners had been thus rudely sepulchred upon that spot and lie there till this day " Unknown as veiled beneath the sheltering sod. But they are dear to liberty And they are known to God." The overwhelming memories of the comrades who had been long confined here (as also at Danville and Richmond) , and who now, after half a century re-visited the spot, can only be imagined by the people of the State who had no such grim experiences in their own youth, and the civilians on the " pilgrimage," commissioners and members of the Legislature, have expressed themselves as so mightily impressed at witnessing it that they never shall forget it. Many stood silent, with vmcovered heads and in tears. It should be remembered that the prisons in Richmond, Danville and Salisbury existed for practically the whole four years of the war, while that at Andersonville, whither we were bound, was only during the last year, and that at Florence for a less period. Indeed, it was only when Sherman, in his march to the sea, entered Georgia, that the fear that he would march to Andersonville and release the prisoners caused the construction of the stockade at Florence and minor ones elsewhere, to which the prisoners could be transferred in that event. We did not on this trip visit Florence, as it was not on our route ; still the superintendent of that cemetery was so kind as to place our State flags upon the graves of om* dead on the day of our passing through the State of South Carolina enroute to Andersonville. With the single exception of Florence we " stopped awhile," planted our flags, sung our songs and voiced our reverential tribute to New York's prison dead in every distinctively prison cemetery in the South. The afternoon at Salisbury drew finally to a close. Comrades who had been prisoners there wandered about seeking the familiar spots. The writer accompanied Mayor Boynton and the Hon. Robert L. 3 34 STATE OF NEW YORK Drummond of Auburn, N. Y., to the site where the prison itself had stood. Mr. Drumniond recognized the precise spot, though the build- ings were gone, by the surrounding conformation of the land. Mayor Bo3'nton corroborated his statements. The accuracy of the nimiber of dead in these cemeteries is to be questioned. Their estimates are doubtless the minimum number in all cases. That the dead in Salisbury should even exceed those in Richmond is to be explained, not by decreasing those at Salisbury but by assum- ing that only a fraction of the prisoners who died in Richmond are in every way accounted for. The motive of the prison authorities in minifying the number of dead prisoners is obvious, 'and the probabilities are that the number who died in Richmond was as great as at Salisbury, while at Danville many more than the estimated number doubtless perished. It should be remembered also that the terrible mortality occurred in Richmond, Danville and Salisbury over a period of four years, while at Ander- sonville it was in one. At early evening we were again on the trains, the people accom- panying us to the station with farewell greetings, and we once more were away on the last leg of our journey into the southland. Behind us lay the dead of Richmond, Danville and Salisbury, to whom we had paid our humblest tribute. Before us on the morrow, 'Andersonville. THE THIRD DAY We arrived promptly on time at 8 a. m., on Wednesday, April 29, 1914, at Andersonville, Ga. Here we found awaiting us Col. W. C. Langfitt of the Engineer Corps, U. S. A., who was President Wilson's representative on the occasion, and the splendid band which the Government had sent us from Fort Screven, Tybee Island, Savannah, Ga., to participate in ANDERSONVILLE MONUMENT DEDICATION 35 the ceremonies. Also a number of people from the country around were on hand (a few from Americus and Fitzgerald, nearby places), but as Andersonville is remote from any town or city of any consider- able size, the nmnber from the' vicinage who greeted us was small. But the day was perfect, a veritable " day in Jime." The foliage was out in full, flowers were in bloom, the air was balmy, the tempera- ture that of early summer with us. All had arrived in good health. Thus the day long anticipated had come at last and Nature had lavished all her charms to make of that spot, that was once so grim and ruthless, to-day a place of beauty, where trees and lawns, paths and monuments, flowers and flags adorned it; and, with uncovered heads and reverent step, these survivors for fifty years of the unutter- able horrors of that prison (at Andersonville) , re-entered it, with ban- ners and with bugles; with gratitude in their hearts and songs upon their lips ; with cheers for the living and tears for the dead, to dedicate the noble monument which the State of New York had there erected to the memory of her sons who, on that spot, had perished. The superintendent of the cemetery and the authorities of the Cen- tral of Georgia Railroad had co-operated with us in pre-arrangements. The State flags were on all New York soldiers' graves (2,500 of them), and over acre after acre of graves these were clearly distin- guished as far as the eye could see. The monument itself was draped by a national flag. A modest platform had been erected immediately in front of it and draped with bunting. The band preceded the procession, as with solemn step it entered under the arches within those hallowed acres. It was an impressive sight, perhaps unprecedented. Other States had sent their delegations and their veterans here before to dedicate their monuments, but years had elapsed since the last of these had occurred, and now a full half century had passed since the prison at Andersonville had been crowded with Union 36 STATE OF NEW YORK soldiers in " durance vile," and yet these men had lived to celebrate the semi-centennial of their freedom on the spot of their sufferings. From every lip there sprung a wish that every citizen of the State of New York could have been an eye witness of this pathetic pil- grimage, thus culminating, as these survivors of this prison re-entered it with heads erect and hearts aglow ; with music and with prayer, to stand above the faces of their comrades who had lain entombed so silent and so long upon the sacred spot. The exercises of the forenoon consisted of addresses by the ex-prisoners themselves, no others being permitted to participate in them. Even the prayer was made by a clergyman who had been a prisoner here. At noon the entire party passed southward to the old prison stock- ade, and the survivors were aligned upon the very spots where their rude huts once stood, and on the breast of each one (as his name was called and he stepped out in front), was pinned a badge of honor, inscribed with his name, his Company and his Regiment, and the words, " Survivor — Presented to by the State of New York in recognition of his heroism, sacrifice and patriotism." The ladies who had been selected to perform this delicate service were, respectively, either the mother, daughter or grand-daughter of one of the commissioners to whom the State had entrusted the duty of this dedication. Then followed the barbecue, served under the trees which had sprung up within the prison grounds since it had ceased to be a prison and had become a park under the ownership and care of the nation. It was intended that the " survivors " should have one " square meal " of local character upon the very spot where once they had " hungered and thirsted for righteousness' sake." After the barbeque, the chairman was surprised to hear a call to the veterans to gather in a group, and, standing among them, a loving cup was brought forth, which had been procured in Riclimond, and ANDERSONVILLE MONUMENT DEDICATION 37 which was presented to him as a token of the " love and esteem of his comrades." The loving cup was filled with water from " God's Providence Spring." The illustrations and addresses which accompany this report in these pages will give to the reader but a faint conception of the memorable scenes. Afterward, the comrades scattered over the stockade, each trying to identify the precise place where he had once slept, judging it by its distance from some identified spot. Upon the exact place where, fifty years before, some Tennesseans and others, with Secretary Killgore, were engaged in digging a tunnel in an effort to escape, Thomas O'Dea (author of the famous picture of Andersonville) , found a brass U. S. A. button which he presented to Mr. Killgore, who regards it as of priceless value. Promptly in the early afternoon the bugles sounded the call ; the band played its national music and all gathered in the cemetery again before the monument for the final scene of its dedication. The addresses now were by the Speaker of the Assembly, the Leader of the Senate, representing the Governor in his absence, and the representative of the President of the United States. The prayer, however, was by one of the surviving veterans, and then, with drums rolling, slowly the monument was unveiled and the magnificence of the bas-relief appeared to all eyes. Then a final prayer of dedication, a benediction and the bugles sounded "taps ;" the dedication was accom- plished and the monument was left in the care of the nation forever. Thereafter the afternoon was spent by the party strolling around the graves, many seekiiig the resting-places of those whom they had knov/n, their relatiA^es or their comrades. Deciphering the names of the headstones was not difficult, since they had been preserved with care; and the hearts of all were grateful to the Government for the splendid preservation which it had here maintained of the sepulchres of its heroes. 38 STATE OF NEW YORK At early evening all were again on the trains and away. It had been a day never to be forgotten and never to be repeated — a great day in our lives. A proud day also for the State we represented; a day in which she had at last, if tardily, conferred her final honor and tribute upon those of her sons who had served her more sublimely than those who had died in battle, and were indeed the last flower of her glory and her pride. Thiu-sday morning, April 30th, we arrived at the battle-ground of Chickamauga, Tenn., Train No. 2 being somewhat belated by the heavy grades over the moimtains. The entire party, in automobiles, now drove through the historic battle-field, along Missionary Ridge, into Chattanooga. Here, also, whenever we passed a monument which marked the valor of a New York regiment, a State flag was planted, the whole procession pausing a moment at each such spot. The afternoon was spent at Lookout Mountain, where, at the base of the New York Peace Monument, a final session of farewell was held. Starting northward again in the early evening, the second train was again delayed in reaching Washington the next day, which gave those on Train No. 1 a few hours at the capital. Both trains started together, however, on the last run from Washington and were in sight of each other all the way to New York. They arrived promptly on time in the Pennsylvania terminal at the same hour on which five days before they had started from that same platform. All were well. There had been a few delays; no accidents; the weather had been perfect; the 2,500 miles had been without discom- fort; and, with radiant faces and grateful hearts, all returned safely home, and the " pilgrimage to the shrines of patriotism " was accom- plished. RICHMOND, VA. RICHMOND, VA., was the capital of the Confederate States and the center of its military operations. To that city the prisoners captured from the Union armies were generally first taken and thence were distributed to the other prison camps as the Rebel authorities ordained. It is estimated that -altogether 125,000 Union soldiers were at some time imprisoned in the city of Riclimond. The chief prisons were Libby, Belle Island, Castle Thundei', Smith, Pemberton and Mayo's Prison hospital. These were all, except Belle Island, tobacco warehouses, idle on account of the wai% and used temporarily for this purpose. Libby prison, on the southeast corner of Carey and 18th streets, has become the most widely known. It was there that the commis- sioned officers were confined. This famous bastille of the Confederates was removed, brick by brick, to Chicago at the time of the World's Fair. Belle Island was, however, the largest prison of Richmond, for there the private soldiers were assembled in great numbers. Belle Island is situated in the James river immediately opposite the city of Richmond and just above the long bridge which connects the north and south banks of that stream. It embraces an area of perhaps 100 acres. The prison camp was located on the lower end of the island facing the city. It consisted of an enclosure of about ten acres. It was stockaded and had a fatal but undefined " dead line." The num- ber of prisoners confined here varied from one to ten thousand. Their sufferings during the extremely cold winters of '63 and '64 are inde- scribable. The ratio of mortality on Belle Island probably surpassed that of any other prison in the Confederacy. 39 40 STATE OF NEW YORK The hospital known as Mayo's was simply a double tobacco ware- house which was set apart for the care of the sick prisoners, to which they were brought from all the prisons where enlisted men were confined. The national cemetery at Riclimond lies just beyond the city limits on the northeast. Here the dead were brought from all the prisons and rudely interred. In this national cemetery at Richmond there are .5,670 graves, of which 892 are known and 5,678 unknown. Not a single monument has been erected to commemorate these dead. The Government, however, gives to their resting-place its constant care. In a pavilion in the midst of the graves the services on the morning of April 27th were held. THE FIRST DAY National Cemetery, Richmond, Va., April 27, 1914, at 11 a. m. EXERCISES The chairman, Senator A. J. Palmer, standing in the pavilion in the midst of the graves, with the comrades gathered around, opened the services with a brief invocation and address as follows : Almighty God, our Heavenly Father, we thank Thee that we live ; that after fifty years " with long life Thou hast satisfied us and shown us Thy salvation " and that we are privileged this beautiful morning in this lovely southland to stand with reverence above the quiet faces of our comrades who half a century ago here gave their lives for their country, and have lain here so long in silence. " Great God of Battles ! Hear us yet, Lest we forget, lest we forget." God bless our country. God bless these veterans of the Union armies who survived their own imprisomiient and are now privileged to make this great undertaking in memory of their comrades who here perished, and who lie all about us so long asleep, and unto Thee be eternal glory, w^orld without end. Amen. Assemblyman Frank M Bradley Member of Commission Assemblyman Caleb H. Baumes Member of Commission ANDERSONVILLE MONUMENT DEDICATION 41 Comrades, Ladies and Gentlemen: We are gathered this morning at the first of the national ceme- teries, where, in this pathetic journey to dedicate a monument to those who perished in the last of the prisons at Andersonville, we have paused awhile. We are to celebrate in this city the birthday of General Grant, in quietness, without ostentation, and without offending, I trust, any one's sensibilities, but without a particle of fear that anywhere in our country where we may be on the 27th of April, we shall not remember Ulysses S. Grant. (Applause.) Now, of the four Confederate prisons where we will find ourselves in the coming three days — here on Monday ; to-morrow at Danville, Va., and at Salisbury, N. C, and all day Wednesday at Andersonville — this happens to be the only one where I was personally confined. I spent nine months of my boyhood in Confederate prisons. I was cap- tured at the night assault on Fort Wagner, S. C, on the 18th day of July, 1863, and spent three days in the jail at Charleston; two months in the prison at Columbia, S. C, whence in September we were moved " On to Richmond." Now, " On to Riclamond! " was a phrase in our boyhood. At the head of all the papers stood a tremendous headline, " On to Riclimond! " and we were at last " on the spot." (Laughter.) We had come our weary journey from Columbia, S. C, stopping a day in transit in Salisburjs N. C, and Danville, Va., and late at night we were arraj^ed on Shocko Hill in front of the Confederate capitol in Riclimond, Va. We were counted, and we expected that night that we were to be immediately paroled and sent home, for we had been promised that if we behaved ourselves all the way from South Carolina, as soon as we reached the capitol of the Confederacy at Rich- mond, we would be exchanged and allowed to go back to our regiments and our people. Instead of that, when we asked, "Are we to be paroled? " " No," they replied, " not much, Yanks ; you-uns are to be took to Libby prison." 42 STATE OF NEW YORK As we approached it, a voice from an upper window broke into singing, " We are coming. Father Abraham, three hundred thousand more." That was a sweet voice, my comrades. I often heard it in after years. It is silenced now, alas, forever, but never did he sing as on that hour in the Confederate capital when we approached at mid- night the doors of X^ibby prison. That singer was Chaplain McCabe. (Applause.) They marched us into Libby prison. They counted us; they searched us ; they stripped us of everything of any value. They even felt under our armpits to see if we had not a greenback hidden away there. They had the color wrong of the " backs " which they would have found. (Laughter and applause.) They were, however, wel- come, as far as I was concerned, to all they got from me, for the water- melons in Columbia had been very good, I tell you, the whole summer through. Then, three days afterward, the private soldiers were taken to Belle Island. You know they had no business much with private soldiers here where the comforts were. The commissioned officers had much more consideration than the private soldiers in all the Confeder- ate prisons. So we were sent to Belle Island, and we went to sleep that night on Mother Earth. I never will forget the day we crossed the two bridges to Belle Island. There ought to be a tower on that island still, and on that tower a bell, and it should toll for a thousand years a knell for the heroes who died on that cruel spot. We received one ration a day, at 11 o'clock. It consisted of a lump of corn bread, the size of your fist, and sometimes a cubic inch of meat or a swallow of soup — nothing more. We slept on the ground and in each other's arms, or we walked tlirough the night in squad formation to keep from freezing when the nights were cold. There is one night that I remember, late in the win- ter, when I grew faint and ill, and but for my two comrades would have perished like the rest. Their names were John Wilgus and John ANDERSONVILLE MONUMENT DEDICATION 43 Clark, both of Company " D," of the 48th N. Y. The three of us " bunked " together anywhere in a hollow out of the wind, for we had but one blanket between us, and I remember that because I was a little fellow I always slept in the middle. When the dawn broke, after that bitter night of sickness and of cold, my faithful comrades wi-apped me in that one blanket and carried me out to the doctor at the gate of the stockade. They left the blanket with me and they both perished them- selves for want of it. Somewhere about us here, in an unknown grave, one of them lies. We will find the other in a marked grave at Andersonville, and I have asked my daughter to stand upon one these unknown graves, hoping it may be his, and lay a wreath upon it, in some memorial of the com- rades who carried me out and left the blanket with me. She will do the same at Andersonville, where the other sleeps. From Belle Island they took me to a prison hospital, known as Mayo's tobacco warehouse, just below Libby prison on Carey street, and there I remained until April. Richmond was the spot where practically all the prisoners of the Union in the northern part of the soutliland were originally confined. The officers were in Libby, the privates on Belle Island or in Castle Thunder, or in Pemberton, or in Smith's, but all of them, when they were ill, in the Mayo's Prison hospital. Every morning I would take the list and write out their names, when I grew better. These that lie about you are the prisoners who perished here. The entire number buried here is said to be 6,572, of which 874 are known and 5,678 are unknown. It was fifty years and ten days ago, on the 17th of April, 1864, that I managed, after nine months, to escape from that prison hos- pital ; crept out, before daylight in the morning, at a little gate that I would like to show you all, and got on a boat that was going down the river, and was transferred to a flag of truce boat under an assumed name, and saw once more, after nine months, the flag of my country over my head. (Applause.) 44 STATE OF NEW YORK I pause here, this morning in Richmond, to pay a belated tribute that I have often paid elsewhere, in many audiences all over this country and afar, to one class of women that served us well in the prison hospital in the city of Richmond. I refer to the Sisters of Charity. (Applause.) Day by day, they, and they alone, visited our lonely cots, and while I live I shall venerate their memory for that one deed ; and though it is fifty years ago and although they were not of my creed, I have never passed a Sister of Charity on the streets of any city without lifting my hat to her in grateful memory of those good women. (Applause.) As I shall incidentally, here and there along the journey (if I do not weary you or am not overwearied myself), add a line and a word as we pass, I will no longer this morning detain you from the formal speakers of the day. I look upon these comrades that have lain here in unmarked graves so long as the supreme heroes of the war. Every single one of them had a way to escape. All you had to do was to walk out to the gate and hold up your hands and say you were ready to take the oath of allegiance to the Confederacy, and you would have walked out scot free. You would have been stripped of the shreds of your blue uni- form and clothed in Confederate gray. You would have been sent to the rear in some secondary service, but you. would have lived to see your home again. How many of them did it? In the city of Rich- mond, not eighty of them, all told ; but six thousand of them lie dead about om* feet rather than do that. So I call them the supreme heroes of the war that saved the Union. It is true they were mere private soldiers. They were not what you call, therefore, great soldiers; that is, they were not generals. They were not colonels, or captains. They were privates. But they were gTcat spirits and their sufferings ennobled them until they became the noblest names in all the history of our country, and every single one of them, when he went down to his death, believed that he was dying in ANDERSONVILLE MONUMENT DEDICATION 45 order that he might keep his country on the map of the world and her flag in Heaven — and he did it. My comrades, and ladies and gentlemen, I have the honor now to introduce to you the Hon. Harold J. Hinman, majority leader of the Assembly of the State of New York. (Applause.) ADDRESS BY THE HON. HAROLD J. HINMAN Mr. Chairman, Members of the Commission, Veterans, Ladies AND Gentlemen: It is an inspiration to all of us to be called from the pursuits of peace to scenes like this. As representatives of the grateful people of a grateful State, ours is a labor of love, bearing testimony after half a century that the sacrifices and sufferings of these brave men will never fade away. We, in turn, draw inspiration from the lives and loyalty of our sleeping sons in these peaceful graves, an inspiration to strengthen us in the cause of right. We do not come in a spirit of sectionalism, voicing the plaudits of a section alone; but rather, delivering the verdict of New York in harmony with the verdict of the nation. These men have won the plaudits of their State but they deserve, as do all who are buried here, the grateful homage of their nation. They gave up their lives that the nation might live. We are indeed proud, however, that New York State did her full share, and our presence here to-day, like the monu- ments here erected, bears witness that the Divine Hand will never draw a veil of oblivion over the lives and deeds of these brave sons who are sleeping here. (Applause.) I shall attempt no further eulogy. The story of their privations and sufferings will outlast even these monuments that symbolize a nation's gratitude to its slain defenders. We do not come in a spirit of controversy. This hallowed groimd, this beautiful cemetery, adding respect and veneration to heroic sepul- chre, the presence of these veteran survivors late in the evenings of 46 STATE OF NEW YORK their days, which a hounteous Heaven has lengthened out that they might behold a better and reunited country, fill us with tender and patriotic emotions. We come, not to stir up hatred, but to whisper benedictions on our country; not to kindle anew sectional prejudice, but, in everlasting memory of those who fell, to learn to love our country which was saved with such a price, and to allay all sectional bitterness as we rejoice in a nation united for all time, a blessing to our whole people and to all the nations of the earth. (Applause.) We are doubly grateful in the realization that the South itself would not to-day have the result other than was achieved — one gov- ernment under one flag. (Applause.) Time has wiped out the Mason and Dixon's line. The South, as well as the North, gazes with loyalty at the stars and stripes floating from the public buildings at Richmond and throughout the South. And so we come to-day, not bearing the old signals of war, but the nobler messages of peace, the peace which every sentiment of Chi'istianity and humanity prompts as we witness the awful ravages of barbarous warfare, when we visit the scenes of battle where soldiers of the North and South lay across each other in one red burial, when we stand as we do to-day upon fields now himmiing with the sounds of peace amidst these monuments marking their last resting-place for patriot pilgrims. To know how sweet a thing is peace, we need to see it through war — " grim-visaged war " — with its blood and its tears, its heartburn and its woes ; and so we are deeply impressed with om- duty to try to hasten the glad day when war shall be no more and the v-ictories of peace shall be greater than the victories of war. The nations of the earth are being invited to join with Great Britain and the United States in 1915 in a world-wide peace jubila- tion. A manifesto has been issued by an international conference, appealing " that the time has come when international rivalries and diff'erences, though numerous and severe, may be settled without the carnage and horrors of war." ANDERSONVILLE MONUMENT DEDICATION 47 But even as these plans of peace are materializing, the clouds of war are hanging over us. The hope of the nation that President Wilson might adjust our differences with Mexico under a policy of peace and honor, it seems may not be realized. Once more may come the call to arms, but a call, thank God, to which both the North and the South will respond. (Applause.) In elbow touch they will face the enemy together as they did at Manila and Santiago, comrades and patriots under one flag. Mr. Chairman, as I stand here to-day, on hallowed ground, I can- not help wondering whether this Union, preserved by the heroic sacri- fices of these brave men, will endure forever as a republic. I am not a pessimist, but I cannot help feeling there is an undertow which has a tendency to drag us from our moorings as a nation and a people, and which invites the earnest consideration of all our thoughtful citizens. Our fathers took the greatest political step in history when they wrote into our constitution provisions which distributed the powers of the various governmental branches. They moored our ship of state with the great cables of State government, as well as national, and with the executive, legislative and judicial branches of both. They devised safeguards that have prevented any man or group of men from being the dictators of government, and promised to every man equal rights under the law. If we would stem the tide of paternalism which is driving this coimtry to over-centralization and making our great ship of state strain hard at every cable, we need to preserve every cable intact. The tendency is to place too great reliance upon the cable of national gov- ernment, to the exclusion of the State ; of the executive as opposed to the legislative and judicial. I believe in a perfect Union. I rejoice that it has been preserved, in the words of the Supreme Court, "An indissoluble union of inde- structible states." The danger that threatens is the increasing ten- dency to concentrate in the Federal government powers that should be 48 STATE OF NEW YORK left to the States, and to exalt the executive and dwarf the legislative and judicial, and to create powers that neither the State nor the nation should have, with the effect to overgovern a people who can best govern themselves. It is not by powers congested in the hands of a strong central gov- ernment, but by the enlightenment of the conscience of the people that popular government can best be preserved. The triumph of our gov- ernment has been that it exists for the individual and not the individual for the government, to protect the individual in the enjoyment of life, liberty and ownership of property, to build up the individual, to leave room for and to invite the growth and development of his character, independence, self-reliance and manhood. (Applause.) As the State is the unit of the nation, the citizen is the unit of the State, and instead of having the Government do everything for him, we need to teach him to lean on the State for nothing that his own arm can do, and on the nation for nothing that his State can do. Thus only can the tremendous forces of this republic be kept in balance. It is ours to decide whether, in this government which carries the hopes of the human race, there are one hundred million people who are cap- able, and will alwaj's continue to be capable, of self-government; or, whether in the unbalancing of forces, in the dwarfing of the responsi- bility of the citizen to himself, his family, his country and his God, there shall be chaos. Character, individual character, bids fair to be lost in the dazzling splendor of a strong paternalistic govermnent. With the loss of individual character, with the loss of the integrity of the home, and with the dwarfing of any of our fundamental checks and balances, the needs of this vast and complex goverrmient cannot be met. It means, eventually, a rush to despotism. Our republic, for which these men fought and died, and for which many amongst us to-day have dared to die, is menaced with great dan- gers — not the danger of sectional revolt, for, thank God, the denial of the right of a State to leave this Union has been decided forever — Comrade Silas G. Burdick Member of Commission Comrade Rev. Isaac M. Foster Member of Commission ANDERSONVILLE MONUMENT DEDICATION 49 but the danger of a class revolt ; not the stars and bars of secession, but the red flag of communism, or the black flag of anarchy ; not the estab- lishment of a separate nation carved out of this nation, but the re-establishment of ourselves as a socialistic nation in denial of that which is the fundamental basis of our prosperity; not keeping the Union intact, but keeping the constitution intact. Where would they lead us? To the point where the many may say to the few, " It is our will that you give up what you have got." Lincoln, down to the dark hours of the Rebellion, refused to interfere with slavery because the constitution forbade it. It was not until death to slavery meant life to the republic, until it seemed necessary as a war measm'e to punish those in rebellion who had forfeited their rights under the constitution, that he issued his proclamation of eman- cipation, and then only to free the slaves of those who were in rebellion against the Union. Are we going to forget it was only by the sacrifice of individual rights that the Ijacedemonians, Athenians and Romans possessed any democratic government? Is it at such government we could arrive? Woe unto us when we can no longer appeal in an orderly way, under a government of law, to courts having authority to say that the fundamental rights of no man shall be violated. Woe unto us when it no longer pays to be provident, self-reliant and responsible ! When the improvident, shiftless and irresponsible are fed at the hands of an overgrown government which levies its toll upon one class for the benefit of another; when a portion of a people would exist but by the entire enslavement of the other portion of the people. Our republic which we love — and for the perpetuity of which these brave men are buried here after unexampled sufferings, heroic sacrifices and devotion through a fearful ordeal — our republic cannot endure unless we fight for the perpetuity of the dominion of fundamental law, guaranteeing individual liberty, equality and opportunitj^ and preserving the wise distribution of authority which our fathers established. 4 50 STATE OF NEW YORK And so the world moves on, bringing in its wake new problems which are continually testing whether this nation, as Lincoln said, " Conceived in liberty and dedicated to equal rights and justice to all," can long endure. It is for us, the living, therefore, to be dedicated here to the great unfinished and never-ending task which those who fought fifty years ago so nobly advanced. (Applause.) Mr. Chairman, I thank you for this opportunity to speak; and, ladies and gentlemen, I thank you very much for the courtesy of your attention. (Applause.) ADDRESS BY HON. J. L. PATRIE Mr. Chairman, Members of the Commission, Survivors of Andersonville Prison, Ladies and Gentlemen: It was only a few moments ago when I was asked if I wovdd say a few words here this morning, and upon that occasion I was admon- ished to be very brief if I did say anything, and I suggested to the chairman that I would be brief indeed, if I had any remarks to make. I have not the honor, due to my youth, to be among the living here as a survivor of the great civil strife, or even the greater honor to lie here beneath the sod with the 7,500 heroes who are lying here, whose faces were paled in death fifty years ago, and, gentlemen, I know of no greater honor that an individual might obtain than that of being here as a survivor, or, possibly, perhaps a greater honor, to lie here among the slain. Very much has been said in regard to these dead heroes and the survivors, and I will not undertake to enlarge thereon, but must apolo- gize for the feeble command which I have of the English language — my best effort would be inadequate and the words which I might com- mand would be insignificant compared with the emphasis with which I wish to express them. I desire to reiterate in substance what has been said by the chairman, Mr. Palmer, and also by the other speaker, Hon. Assembhuian Hinman. ANDERSONVILLE MONUMENT DEDICATION 51 We are here to-day in what was the center of the Confederacy, the capital, if you please, and as has been said, the cry in the North was, *' On to Riclimond! " Richmond was at that time the objective point, a point of great importance, and to-day, as we look back and observe the reconstruction which has taken place during the past fifty years, we will note that this vicinity is yet rich with historic surroundings and historic facts. The city of Riclmiond has developed from a small town, which was founded about 1773, and was, just before the Civil War, incorporated into a city which has become one of the great and important factors in this commonwealth and in the United States. I believe it is to-day a city of approximately 150,000 inhabitants, with many of the best institutions obtainable. I will mention one institution, the College of Richmond, which is known tliroughout the length and breadth of the United States as an institution recognized by the great educational authorities throughout the United States. When the educational department of the State of New York will recognize an institution as giving adequate and sufficient training to compare favorably with the institutions of the great Empire State, you may rest assured, gentlemen, that that institution gives proper and sufficient training, and the College of Richmond is recognized by our State educational institutions and societies as meeting these require- ments. That is sufficient. It is absolutely necessary that higher and better educational facili- ties should obtain in order that the training for our boys and girls should be adequate and proper, as the gentleman, Mr. Hinman, who preceded me, suggested — and, you will pardon me if I drive a little away from the mark, gentlemen, because he brought the matter to our attention, and it is a very important subject. Let me suggest to you, gentlemen, that I have given the matter some attention, having been in the Legislature of the State of New York many years. There we have to consider all kinds of suggestions, " isms " and devices which detract, weaken and poison the minds of individuals who are not as 52 STATE OF NEW YORK strong mentally as they might be, tending to incline them and to lead them to anarchy and socialism. Let me suggest to you that the consti- tution of this nation when originally drawn was drawn by great men, many of whom lived in this vicinity and it has seldom been amended. Many of the framers of our constitution resided right here, and inside the walls of one church in this city five presidents of the United States had their place of worship. I guess I have lost track of what I was about to say ; I will get back to it — let me ask you to stand by the constitution of the United States ; let no one destroy the sacred provisions contained therein or its beautiful effect. Do not lose sight of the fact that there are editorials published throughout the State, from time to time, for the purpose of exciting and inflaming the weak minds of some people who will readily purchase these papers in large nvmibers. Great headlines sell readily even if the sensational matter is inflaming the minds of the many readers with anything except Americanism. Let me ask you to stand firmly by the constitution of the United States. It was well and care- fully prepared — so well prepared and our rights so properly safe- guarded that few, very few, amendments have ever been made, and then only to meet changed conditions, requiring such amendments. Let us remember that the man or individual who by his thrift, industry and economy has brought together a certain amount of prop- erty and wealth for the maintenance of those about him, is entitled to the use and enjoyment of that wealth for himself and those dependent upon him ; and the irresponsible man who comes shouting and clamor- ing, and the paper which would advocate that his property should be torn from liim and divided among all classes — including anarchists and I. W. W's., existing in different parts of the country — that man is an enemy to all good government under which we exist and have prospered. (Applause.) We have in the State of New York to-day just a few papers which publish such articles, and the individuals back of them and the man- ANDERSONVILLE MONUMENT DEDICATION 53 agers are eager and anxious to sell those papers to the extent, that, I believe, they would plunge our country into war if they could sell a few more, a few hundred thousand copies extra. They will come out with headlines almost this high (indicating), dangerous, sensational, imaginative, suggesting facts which do not exist ; they simply imagine that they might soon exist and then they claim priority in publication. Avoid these dangerous publications. In this I concur with Assembly Hinman — and he is opposed to me politically. He and I have stood together in the Legislature for many measures because we each believed they were right. We stood there often, shoulder to shoulder, gentlemen, when we were satisfied the measures were right, fighting for them. "When we were satisfied certain measures were wrong, we, together, opposed them. We have oftentimes fought for measures which were not advocated by the leaders of our respective parties, but we stood by them because we believed they were right, and I believe that Mr. Hinman and myself, although opposed politically, have drawn closer together on more important political questions than any other assemblymen have done, who have been in the Legislature of the great imperial State for the last half dozen j^ears. I scarcely know what to say about the reconstruction policy any further, except that the interests of our country are identical. ^Vhat is good for the northern section must be good for the southern. You need in your great southern section, the manufacturing industries of the North to aid you. We need, from your great tropical section of the South, all that grows in abundance here, to feed om- millions of manufactm'ers. Our interests are therefore identical, and what is for the great benefit of one particular section, though we may not see it so, is for the mutual benefit of our whole country as a unit. As I stand here to-daj'^ on this hallowed ground, I clearly see indi- cations that we all come without malice, and that the hearts of the American people are drawn closer and closer together as years go by 54 STATE OF NEW YORK and that we stand as one people and one country undivided; each State an unselfish unit or part and a helper of our great common govern- ment. We assemble to-day with no malice toward the people of this section and they receive us with open arms. We come here with our hearts filled with love, kindness and devotion for all mankind and with the spirit of oneness and unity. We come, primarily, in commemora- tion of the heroes who have passed before us, who have given their lives to our country, and we come here secondarily to indicate that we are part of the greatest Union under the sun which is indissoluble and inseparable and which will stand as long as a kingly Providence per- mits the earth to revolve. I thank you. (Applause. ) Senator Palmer: "Under the sod and the dew, waiting the judgment day, " Under the roses the blue; under the lilies the gray," and those who have survived are only less noble than those who are dead by the will of God. My comrades, this service is complete. You will be met with the automobiles about half past twelve. You will take luncheon, as we took breakfast, at the Jefferson Hotel. You are free to go where you will during the afternoon. You can visit Belle Island, Libby prison, Mayo's hospital ; anywhere you please. Be sure to be at your place at seven o'clock to-night, at the banquet in honor of the birthday of General Grant. GRANT MEMORIAL BANQUET AT RICHMOND, VA. Monday Evening^ April 27, 1914 THE GRANT birthday banquet was held in the banquet hall of the Jefferson Hotel. It had been decorated, both walls and tables, with flags of the nation and of the State of New York ; also flowers adorned the tables. A string band from Richmond furnished appropriate music. The comrades largely wore their imi- forms, and the civilians present, both ladies and gentlemen, were mostly in evening dress. At one long table which crossed the entire room were seated the commissioners and the official guests. Others were at round tables, suitably arranged, filling the entire room. The banquet itself was worthy of the occasion, but without ostentation. There were no formal addresses but great enthusiasm. Senator Palmer: We are gathered, ladies and gentlemen and comrades, on an unique occasion. I suppose j^ou can ransack the his- tory of the world in vain to find precisely what you witness here to-night. Gettysburg was an imique occasion. You can not imagine the English and the French gathering fifty years after the battle of Waterloo on that historic field and shaking hands with one another, as did the boys that wore the blue and the boys that wore the gray, last summer at Gettysburg. (Applause.) And I suppose if the Duke of Wellington's birthday had been celebrated in the city of Paris fifty years after Waterloo by the few survivors of that obstinate body of the British, against which those fiery French legions had " flung their white wrath in vain," that nobody would have attended that banquet in the French capital. Or fancy, if you can, that fifty years after Austerlitz the survivors of the French legions who there had triumphed had gone to Vienna to 55 56 STATE OF NEW YORK celebrate the birthday of the Emperor Xapoleon. Such a thing is indeed unthinkable, for racial and national antagonisms surviv-e, alas, for centuries, beyond the seas. It is great proof that the estrange- ment between our countrymen of the North and the South, fifty years ago, was but temporary and happilj'- has passed away; that we can gather in safety and without molestation in the capital of the Southern Confederacy on the birthday of General Grant. It was Judge Alton B. Parker, who then expected to accompany us, who first called my attention, before we left home, to the fact that if we did pause an hour in Richmond to celebrate the birthday of General Grant, it would be an unique and unprecedented event. We make here no comparisons between the soldiers of the North and the South. We do not mention eren the names of the famous warriors of the Confederacy, who fought all too fiercely on this spot to destroy the Union, but we do not here forget that it was Grant and the boys in blue who triumphed. Gentlemen, I am told that some vnt of Richmond has announced in the morning papers that on the 92nd birthday of General Grant the Yankees have " entered Riclunond, unannounced and unopposed." (Laughter and applause.) I regret that we were unannounced but am glad that we are unopposed. I have all day long been pondering in my mind whether I should select a half dozen of you to speak at this banquet to-night, for I know that I am surrounded at these tables by Senators and Assembljinen, and speakers of at least State-wide reputation. In other words, whether it is the best of taste for us to have some oratory to-night, such as we would have if we were gathered at home with the Grant Post in Brooklyn, for example. Considering this is without precedent and that we come among a people whom we now all love so well, and that the boys that may go to Mexico will be the grandsons of the boj's who wore the gray as well as of the boys that wore the blue (applause) , and that we are one country now and are to be one country forever, and that while we need not forget we all should now forgive, I have finally Comrade Robert B. McCully Member of Commission Comrade George R. Browx Member of Commission ANDERSONVILLE MONUMENT DEDICATION 57 determined, with the concui'rence of my associates, that perhaps it will he as well if we simply rise now and drink together a toast in silence, rather than have any prolonged oratory, even on the birthday of that distinguished soldier who led us all to triumph. I could easily speak a while myself about General Grant, and I was once a very appropriate person to speak of hun, because he was the head of the army and I was the tail of it. (Laughter.) I was a little fellow way down in the ranks, out of sight. I have always had the reputation of being the youngest enlisted man in the army. I was precisely fourteen years, six months and six days old on that day when I erdisted as a soldier in the army of the United States, and there is not a man anywhere that I have ever met, and thousands have con- tested it, that has not conceded that I was the youngest enlisted soldier, and I was also only a private soldier. I was an acting corporal one night, on the picket lines in front of Petersburg. Except for that I was always just a private soldier. We all got what we deserved, you know, in those days. I had served three years before I was seventeen and one-half years old. So from me to General Grant there was a long distance. There were a great number of corporals ahead of the privates, and I was a little fellow in the rear ranks, short of stature, even among the privates. There were lots of privates " bigger " than me. Then there were all the sergeants. Then all the lieutenants. Then all the captains and the majors and the lieutenant-colonels, and then the colonels that commanded the regi- ments, and the brigadier-generals that commanded the brigades, then all the major-generals that commanded the army corps, and all of them were betwpen " him and me." It was a long ways from the tail of the army to the head of it fifty years ago. Yet, somehow, that qualifies me to propose this toast to-night, for while there was but one of him, there was a million of me. I saw him first in Petersburg, the day the mine was exploded. He was riding along the lines and we threw up our hats and cheered. 58 STATE OF NEW YORK I saw him afterward in private life. He did me the unique honor the last time in his life that he appeared in public to come and hear me speak. I never saw his face again, but I came a thousand miles to follow in that procession up Riverside Drive to his sepulchre; and when the ships came home from Santiago I was in the conning tower of one of them, and they sailed through the narrows, up the bay, up the harbor and up the river. They stopped when they passed the battery and then went on till they reached the tomb on Riverside Drive, and above all their cannons that came home from a successful war, above the smoke and above the noise, somehow I heard a voice proceeding out of that tomb and from the silent lips, " Let us have peace." INIy comrades, without further words, I am going to ask you now to rise and drink in silence a toast to the memor}^ of Grant. We will remain standing a moment and the band will lead us in singing, " My Coimtry, 'Tis of Thee." Now I wonder if I can find a single sentence to characterize Grant! Peer of Wellington, Peer of Marlborough, Peer of Hannibal, the quiet man, under whose leadership all our armies marched to victory ; soldier of one epoch, statesman of another; " patient in toils, secure amid alarms ; inflexible in peace, invincible in arms ; " calm under calumny, magnanimous in victory; the greatest soldier of the age and the greatest man, and here in Virginia, the home of Wasliington and of Jefferson, we toast without fear to the meinory of Grant. And now, good-night. You will find busses waiting for you at your convenience. You should be in the cars by half past ten. I thank you for your faithful attention during the day and trust it will long live as a great day in your memory. You may take with you as souvenirs the flags that are on your tables. ANDERSONVILLE MONUMENT DEDICATION 59 THE SECOND DAY Danville, Va. The city of Danville, Va., is located on the south bank of the River Dan, from which it derives its name, and was a thriving town before the war on account of the extensive manufactm-e of tobacco. The prisons were abandoned tobacco warehouses usually three stories in height and known by numbers. No. 3 was used for commissioned officers, the remaining numbers for the enlisted men. Danville was the prison nearest to Richmond and to which, when there was room, the prisoners that overflowed Belle Island were first sent. The cemetery at Danville is at the southern extremity of the city and contains 1,331 graves, of which 1,172 are known and 159 unknown. There is no monument, but a mound stands in the center of the ceme- tery, and about a flag-pole upon that mound the services on the morn- ing of April 28th were held. SERVICES AT THE NATIONAL CEMETERY, DANVILLE, VA. April 28, 1914, 10 a. m. Prayer by the Rev. Dr. I. M. Foster: Almighty God, Thou who art from everlasting to everlasting, the same yesterday, to-day and forever, we worship Thee. We give praise and thanksgiving unto Thy -great name and rejoice in Thy goodness, for Thou has cared for us and kept us and led us into this state. We are thankful that in the past Thou has been mindful of us as a people and that out of the darkness we have been led by Thy power into the light of a new day. Great God! help us as we receive Thy blessing through our national life and through the relation we sustain to each other; help us to bring back to Thee that measure of service to our fellows, to our country and to the world that shall speak forth Thy praise. Let Thy blessing be upon us as a people. Guide us in all affairs of life. Bless 60 STATE OF NEW YORK our nation and give us the benediction of Heaven, through Christ Jesus, our Lord. Anien. Senator P^vlmkr : I will ask CA'cry survivor or comrade, who was a prisoner in Danville, and those only, to gather closest about this flag-pole now. I wish to remark that the flowers, the lilacs and indeed all the flowers wliich are in bloom here are the gift to us, comrades, of the Daughters of the Confederacy (applause), except the wreath which was sent by the Confederate Camp. (Cheers.) If at the end of our long journey of more than two thousand miles through the southland we will go back and all our people of New York will know that we have loved all the people we have met and they have honored us, it will be well for the future of our country and for us all. I have the pleasure of introducing to you now the Mayor of Dan- ville, Mr. Wooding. ADDRESS BY MR. WOODING Mr. Chairman, Members of the Commission, ex-Union Soldiers AND Ladies and Gentlemen : In full accord with my own and in accord with the wishes of the people I represent, it affords me very great pleasure to greet and to meet and to welcome each and all of you to the last capital of the Southern Confederacy, for within the corporate limits of om* city Jefferson Davis wi-ote and published his last official proclamation. The time has been when we were arrayed against each other. .Thank Gk)d that time has passed! (Applause.) Thank God that the patriotism, the liberality and the brotherhood of the brother citizens of the great State of Pennsylvania made it possible last Jul)^ to have the most unique and far-reaching reunion that has been recorded in the pages of history. (Applause.) There, fifty years from the day on which the gray and the blue por- trayed the highest type of American bravery, than which no higher ANDERSONVILLE MONUMENT DEDICATION 61 type can the world show, they met in friendly social intercourse, and the blue and the gray mutually rejoiced that their sons had fought side by side, gallantly upon distant lands and foreign seas to ease the down-trodden and oppressed inliabitants from the cruel rule of Spain. (Applause.) As a rule, when there is a murmur of war in the West, there comes a voice from the far East where roll the billows of the mighty Atlantic on the bleak coast of Maine, a voice comes from where the southern breezes blow over the orange groves of Florida, a voice comes from where the sparkling waves of the golden Pacific kiss the shores of California, and all those voices proclaim in thundering tones that no nation shall ever insult the American flag. (Applause.) Thank God, fifty years after the conflict, the blue and the gray, hand in hand on the classic field of Gettysburg, buried forever, too deep for resurrection, all animosities, antagonisms, and, I trust, unkind feelings which were engendered by the causes which led up to the conduct and the result of the war, and to-day we Confederate soldiers — I am proud to say I am the Commander of the Confederate Camp, and ex-Commander of the Grand Camp of Veterans of Vir- ginia, and in their name I give to each and to all a most cordial and hearty welcome and wish you God-speed in going to pay tribute t» those who stood by you in the day of your trials and tribulations, for they did all they could, no matter how much honor may be heaped upon the generals, for among those names recorded in history there is not one entitled to more praise and credit than these who silently sleep in our town and whose souls, we trust, have fovmd peace in the better world. (Applause.) Senator Palmer : Mr. Mayor, I thank you for the cordial greet- ings which you have given my comrades on the tender errand that takes us from New York to Andersonville, more than two thousand miles of travel through the South, to dedicate there to-morrow a monu- ment which has been erected by the people of New York to commemo- 62 STATE OF NEW YORK rate twenty-five hundred of its soldiers who, fifty years ago, died within that prison stockade tiiat they might preserve the Union. I thank you for your greetings as a Confederate soldier, the most grate- ful word that has reached us thus far on the journey being your kindly and fraternal welcome to-day. A soldier is a soldier everywhere. (Applause.) Now, I love a soldier. I would rather have hun with me than against me in the hour of battle, but I love him anyway because a soldier is a man who is willing to pay with his own life the price of his own convictions. (Applause.) On behalf of the Conmiission, I also thank the ladies for the flowers. We are on a tender errand. Ten thousand soldiers of New York lie buried in the prison cemeteries at Riclimond, at Danville, at Salisbury, at Florence and at Andersonville. We are making a little joiu-ney to the places of their burial, fifty years after they were thus rudely sepulchred, many of them in unknown graves. " Unknown as veiled beneath the sheltering sod, But they are dear to liberty and they are known to God." (Applause.) I now introduce as the one speaker of the morning Hon. William Pinkney Hamilton, Jr., of New York. ADDRESS OF MR. HAMILTON Veterans, there lie our dead countrymen. How softly they lie, beneath the verdant sod. How fair the day; how blue the sky. See, in the pine trees a gentle breeze is stirring — but they are dead. Death? There is no death. "Wliat seems so is transition. Death? "WHiat soldier fears it? What man? They are not dead — but they are gone. There have been tears for those who lie here. There have been those who waited, but they came not. Wliether in mansion or in i^'y- covered cottage, waiting and watching while they lay stark in death. ANDERSONVILLE MONUMENT DEDICATION 63 That, after all, is the horror of war. That is the sadness of war. ^Vhen some beloved voice that was to you both sound and sweet- ness faileth suddenlj% and silence, against which you dare not cry, aches round you like a strange disease, and now, what hope, what help, what music will mido that silence to your senses? Not friendship's sigh, not reason's subtle account. No, none of these; but, chastened and subdued, we turn to Him, in whom alone we put our faith; ahl then we pray. And so I take it, veterans, we come here this morning in a sub- dued and prayerful spirit. We come here to do reverence to these, our brothers, who have gone before. To you, the warhke scene is fresh and green. Now come the drums, the bugles and the slirieking fifes. Torn banners, flashing sabres, the rattle of cavalry, the crackling of flames, the rhytlim of marching men. You hear again the roar of cannon, you see again the carnage of battle — how peaceful here, where our coxmtrymen are sleeping. Oh, veterans, we come in a spirit of reverence and it is peculiarly fitting that these brief remarks this morning should be closed with prayer. And by prayer, I mean man-fashion prayer, soldier prayer. Let us pray. Oh, Lord, our God, we thank Thee that in Thy infinite wisdom Thou hast vouchsafed to us this day. We thank Thee for this visit with our coimtrymen, who have gone before. We thank Thee Lord, our God, that they, as we, have kept the faith, that they have been faRhful even unto death. We thank Thee, Lord, our God, for our unconquerable souls. Amen! Senator Palmer: I will ask every ex-Union prisoner who was confined here in Danville to hft up his hand. ( It was ascertained that twenty of the comrades had been imprisoned here.) This, my friends, as you know, is the smallest of the prison cemeteries. New York State flags have been placed by the courtesy 64 STATE OF NEW YORK of the superintendent of the cemetery upon all the known graves of New York's soldiers among which we reverently stand to-day. I feel very much like expressing our special thanks to our friends of the South who have gathered with us here. Nobody will make me beheve that the boy in blue did anything else but love the southern people. There has been, historically between New York and "Virginia, an especial friendship. Wlioever is familiar with the constitutional period that followed the Revolutionary War will remember that when these two great commonwealths voted for the constitution and not until then, the constitution was finally adopted. In the city of Pough- keepsie in New York State, Alexander Hamilton overcame a hostile majority which Governor Clinton had to start with, and when he turned a majority of two to one against the constitution into a major- ity of two to one for the constitution, couriers started from Pough- keepsie and rode rapidly in relays down the Hudson river, across New Jersey, across Pennsylvania, through Delaware and Maryland into Virginia, where the convention was waiting to hear from the conven- tion in New York, and when one adopted it, both adopted it, and then and there the indissoluble Union of these States was formed. Home of Washington, home of Jefferson, home of that great orator who said, " Give me liberty or give me death " — Virginia, God bless her forever. My Confederate friends, the boy in blue who sadly had to come here in his youth, armed and uniformed, did not come in any spirit of hostility to the southern people, whom he always considered his countrymen. They came to save the Union, and they did it, that we might have one country in this land, and not two ; one flag, and not many ; and you are glad of it. There is not a man in all Virginia that would to-day reverse the issue if he could, and if they want war in Mexico and they get it, the boys from Virginia and the bo}'s from New York, under one flag, cheering each other, will march away together. ( Applause. ) The boys from the North fifty years ago, these boys that Comrade John Mackenzie Member of Commission CoMHADE Joseph L. Killgore Secretary of Commission ANDERSONVILLE MONUMENT DEDICATION 65 wore the blue, were as you were, the products of their environment, their education and their heredity. They came here to war not because they hated you, but in order that every American mother should own her own child, that wherever a babe was born, in a mansion or in a cabin, the moment it gasped for its first breath of American air, that moment it should be free; also, they were the only soldiers in liistory who have gone to their deaths in battle in order that they might make their enemies their equals. Also, they wanted to keep their country the beacon and the light of the world, for all men everywhere love liberty, and om- country is liberty's hope. One day, when the Civil War broke out, the English manufacturers cheered it in Parliament, when Jolin Bright, the friend of our country, because the friend of mankind, leaped to his feet and shouted, " My countrymen, my countrj^men, remember this, there will be one wild shriek of freedom to startle all mankind if that American repubhc should be broken up." The Union soldiers who perished in the prisons in Danville sleep at our feet to-day in eternal silence. I am glad to know that in resting here in yovu* city they do so with yom* reverent regard. We appreciate every flower that you or your children, or your children's children, ever will lay upon their graves, for we gray-headed men will come this way no more. When. we say good-bye to-day at Danville, we will say good-bye forever, until that eternal morning dawns which awaits us all. God bless you. (Applause.) SECOND DAY— (AFTERNOON) Sai^isbuuy, N". C. The city of Salisbury is located at the junction of the two branches of the North Carolina Railroad in Rowan county, N. C. The prison here was a four-story brick factory, measuring 40x100 feet, together with five smaller buildings, which had been used as boarding-houses for the factory operatives. A plain board fence surrounded these 5 66 STATE OF NEW YORK buildings, enclosing altogether an area of some eleven acres. Water was obtained from nine wells sunk within the enclosure and from the creek, one-half mile distant. The prison at Salisbury had a larger capacity than that at Dan- ville. It is even estimated that in the winter of 'G4 nearly 10,000 pris- oners were here confined. The cemetery at Salisbury contains 12,148 graves, of which only 113 are known and 12,035 are unknowTi. The Government and the State of Pennsylvania liave erected monuments at Salisbury. The " unknown " are buried within a level enclosure immarked with head- stones, less than an acre in extent. In a pavilion at the head of this enclosure the services were held on the afternoon of April 28th. SERVICES HELD AT NATIONAL CEMETERY, SALISBURY, N. C. April 28, 1914, 2 p. m. Prayer by the Rev. JMk. DsxEiui: Oh, Thou God, Father of us all, we thank Thee for the measure of Thy favor that has attended us in the past. As we come here together on this occasion this day, we pray Thee that Thy continued favor and blessing may attend us; that Thou wilt show us that Thou art ever guiding and protecting the destinies of men, and may we come to real- ize that only as we look unto Thee for guidance and direction will we be enabled to accomplish life's great purpose. We pray Thee that Thy blessings may attend these Thy servants who have come from remote portions of our country into our midst. We pray Thee that Thou wilt protect them on the journey upon which they have entered and are pursuing, and that as they go up and down the length of our land in their return to their respective homes, may they receive the impulse and conception of a new life as embodied in a reunited coun- try, and may they ever realize that we are one nation, one people and followers of one God ; and unto Thee shall be all the honor and glory in a world without end. Amen. ANDERSONVILLE MONUMENT DEDICATION 67 Senator Pai^mer: Comrades, ladies and gentleman, I present the Mayor of Salisbury. (Applause.) MAYOR OF SALISBURY'S SPEECH Mr. Chairman, Gentlemen of the New York Delegation, Ladies and Gentlemen : Salisbury is distinctly honored in having within her borders to-day this splendid delegation of representative citizens of the great Empire State of New York. As mayor of this city it is my great pleasure to extend to you on the part of every man, woman and child within her limits a most hearty and cordial welcome. (Applause.) You are to-day in a section of your own land, surrounded by your fellow men and your friends (applause), eager to give you the glad hand of welcome and join with you in this sacred and solemn service, doing honor to whom honor is due. The unparalleled sacrifices, the matchless bravery and fortitude of the men composing the armies of the North and of the South in our mighty civil struggle resulted in the establishment of the pre-eminence of the American soldier. (Applause.) Our debt of gratitude to every actor in that mighty struggle is eternal. Gentlemen, there is a monument, a fitting monument, erected by the people of Maine to their dead (indicating). Yonder, near the entrance to this cemetery, is a magnificent memorial erected by the citizens of Pennsylvania in honor of their dead, and I want soon to see erected here, my dear sirs, another monument in memory of New York's dead, commensurate with the mightiest State in the Union. (Applause.) We regret, gentlemen, that your stay is so short. We would like to show you the genuineness of otir welcome. Our club rooms are open to you. Our buildings and our streets and our parks and our homes are open to you, and we all welcome you. We want you to come back to see us. We want you to stay longer with us. We want to show you this beautiful southland of ours. We want to show you 68 STATE OF NEW YORK our hospitality. We want you to come and meet our good people, and above all, we want to show you the iriendship we have for you. (Applause.) Senator Palmer: In behalf of my comrades and the commis- sioners, the Senators and Assemblymen of New York who are present (two hundred and twenty-two of us all together), we thank you for your greeting. We feel as if we liad heard a brother's voice, and we grasp a brother's hand. (Applause.) We are now at one of the great prison cemeteries of the world. Within the enclosure of those flags, less than an acre of ground, there lie interred 12,000 dead, of whom more than two thousand were from New York, and they have slept here now for fifty years. Salisbury, N. C, is distinguished among the prison cemeteries in that it has so vast a number of the unknown dead. Not less to those who are unknown than for those who are known, we come to pay tribute. Alas! it was their destiny to sleep forever " among those who are numbered, and not among those who are named." The speakers of the afternoon will be three. One will be one of our commissioners from New York, Mr. Kerrigan. One will be the Conmiander of the Department of New York of the Grand Army of the Republic, who was once imprisoned here. Colonel Pierce. The other speaker is a distinguished lawj'^er from the city of Auburn, N. Y., who also was confined here, Mr. Drummond. A brief word will also be offered by Colonel Boyden, a resident of this city and a Confederate soldier, and I will pay the tribute to the Confederate soldiers of introducing him first. ADDRESS OF COLONEL BOYDEN Friends and Comrades: I do not think I could possibly make you, gentlemen and brother conrrades, feel more at home than by quoting the language of our dis- tinguished Commander, Bennet H. Young, when on that great ANDERSONVILLE MONUMENT DEDICATION 69 battle-field of Gettysburg he opened his speech by these remarks, " I am half of a thousand miles away from home, and yet I feel perfectly at home in the confines of this, my counti'y." I trust, my fellow comrades, that the feeling that existed there on the battle-field at Gettj-sburg and in the heart of every man who wore the gray is in the hearts of you gentlemen who wore the blue. (Applause.) I understand your mission, gentlemen, is to pay a tribute to your fallen dead and to dedicate a monument at the prison at Anderson- ville. To me, that should excite the admiration of every patriotic American, and especially every man who wore the gray. It is long deferred, gentlemen, but, thank God, it has come at last ; and I want to say to you, fellow comrades, that the ambition of my life has been that before I close my eyes I may put in bronze or marble the record of North Carolina at the battle of Gettysburg. In reading history, as I have, I find that the two great contending parties of soldiers there were North Carolinians and New Yorkers. They lost in proportion almost similarljr on that great field. Their record was superb, and I hope some day that I may be able to place, as you have placed on those hills, a monument in memory to young Harry Burgwyn of the 26th North Carolina, that went into the fight on the first day of July, 1862, with 800 as fine men as God Almighty ever saw, the flower of the southland, a young boy who had just passed his manhood; and when night closed that evening, 598 of that 800 lay dead and wounded upon that field, fourteen color bearers shot down — Burgwyn the eleventh color bearer — scarcely a man left to tell the tale. That has been the ambition of my life, and no man can appreciate more than I do the tribute you pay to your fallen dead who perished here and at Andersonville. I feel, my fellow comrades, that the reunion at Gettysburg was the greatest epoch in the history of America. I, myself, witnessed that, and I want to express my feel- ings to-day and re-echo and re-affirm the sentiments that were 70 STATE OF NEW YORK expressed on that day. There were enough friendly statements on both sides uttered there that day to forever cement this country, and it was felt by every man that was on that battle-field. I mingled with the men; I slept with the men. I heard the men discuss the great questions of the war, and I can say I never heard one word fall from any man wearing the blue or the gray that would hurt the feelings of any other man on that battle-field. Was there ever such a record as that? (Applause.) I came away from that gather- ing with all the rancor and all the antagonism that might ever have been in my heart years ago entirely blotted out, and I speak the senti- ments of every man on that battle-field. (Applause.) M}^ fellow comrades, we are only too sorry the time is so short that we cannot give you or show you our hearts and our homes. God bless you all. (Applause.) ADDRESS OF THE HON. JOHN KERRIGAN Mr. Chairman and Friends and Fellow Citizens, Comrades FROM Both the North and the South : It is certainly a grand thing to hear two gentlemen from Salisbury expressing the feelings of the American people, expressed as when the thirteen original States of this Union declared that this country would not stand for taxation without representation, and New York and Virginia joined hands with George Washington and the other eleven States and they eradicated from this country the power of monarch- ism, giving to our people a government of their own, a government of the people by the people, a government which is supported and adhered to until this day by both the North and the South. Washington and his men fought for eight years, struggling not with the arms we have now, but with far cruder implements and great privations ; but they left their wives and homes and went out to battle for eight long years. New York shoulder to shoulder with Virginia, and they were successful in forming this splendid republic. ANDERSONVILLE MONUMENT DEDICATION 71 In 1812 the same condition prevailed, and New York and Virginia and South CaroHna and the other ten States stayed together and fought successfully. In 1847 the same condition prevailed, and when the Union soldiers of New York and Virginia together got into Mexico, what was the result? (Applause.) But, in 1861, a family quarrel occurred and divided our States, not our Union, Oh, no, the South was as good for the Union as the North, but they wanted two Unions, and the North said, " No; one," and the House of Congress divided on the question, and when the division was made it was brother against brother and father against son, and one of the most vicious wars that ever was fought in this or any other country occurred. When it was over — it might have been the Lord Almighty who had changed the result — but we do Icnow and we will know that the grandest country in the world, the grandest country on top of God's green earth, is the United States to-day, welded together (applause), Virginia shoulder to shoulder with New York, and the other forty-six States; and Admiral Dewey at the battle of Manila showed the European coimtries what America can do, and he did not lose a single man. (Applause.) Gentlemen, what a proud distinction it is to be a citizen of this great country ! What a grand thing it is for you to look back and see what we have accomplished! There are no more tyrannical laws in Em"ope. Oh, no. A king is an ordinary person there. The seeds of liberty are planted in Europe, and if they had done the things a hun- dred years ago that our forefathers did, there would be a republic in place of every kingdom in Eiu'ope, brought on by you and your peo- ple; and may the stars and stripes go shoulder to shoulder with the president of the United States to-day, and let Virginia and New York send down to Mexico men to make the greasers salute the flag or tell them the reason why. (Applause.) 72 STATE OF NEW YORK I was not old enough to go to the war, but mj- eldest brother seventeen years of age, enlisted in a New York regiment. JMy father was dead. My brother was the eldest of our family. I was nine years old, and I wish I could have shouldered a musket, but I was not big enough. There was one thing you could depend upon, in the North or South ; if 5'ou were able to go to the war, either north of the Mason and Dixon line, or south of it, and you did not go and you had a sweet- heart, she would say you were a coward and did not deserve her. (Laughter and applause.) The Legislature of the State of New York, by a bill introduced by Senator Carswell, appropriated $20,000 to bring our veterans down to Andersonville, to dedicate this beautiful monument that is already erected to the memory of our New York dead. We are proud to be here among you. We are proud to say that we are once more a united country, hand in hand, and God help the nation that tries to oppose us. (Applause.) The Chairman: I have the honor to introduce to you a former prisoner in Salisbury, who to-day is the honored Commander-in-Chief of the Department of New York of the Grand Army of the Republic, Col. Samuel C. Pierce of Rochester. ADDRESS OF COLONEL SAMUEL C. PIERCE Senator Palmer, Members of the Commission, Comrades of the Confederate Soldiers — not Confederate Soldiers — Ladies and Friends: It has been my privilege, not only in this but in foreign countries, to gaze upon monimients erected at immense expense, under whose massive bases rest the ashes of men who have made history. On those statues or monuments have been written inscriptions, either in endur- ing brass or deeply carved by the cunning graver, showing the virtues and achievements of those who rest under the monument. Lessons instructive, lessons of worth, lessons of value can be learned from gaz- 0} CO o pq to 3 ■< rjl ANDERSONVILLE MONUMENT DEDICATION 73 ing upon the monmiients of these people ; but to my mind, and I believe to that of many who are here to-day with me, there is more of loyalty, there is a lesson more impressive to be learned from those small protruding shafts of marble which point upward to where we believe that the souls of those whose ashes rest below them have gone. Beneath the verdant sod of that field, a field different from any other of the cemeteries which we have visited or shall visit, there rest, as you have been told, unmarked and unknown, the remains of a myriad of soldiers who gave up their lives in the defense of our coun- try. They died doing their duty here and they merit the same meed of praise as those who fell upon the field of battle. Doubtless, every one of the 10,000 would have preferred to give up his life facing the foe, giving and receiving blows and welcoming a quick and painless death ; but here still in the line of duty, each one fought a losing fight with famine, want and disease, wasting away slowly, slowly, but firm to the last in the belief that he was serving a cause which would event- uate in the uplift of humanity and tend to perpetuate the Union of the States which he had sworn to defend. They died ignorant of the final result, unless as many of us believe, those who have gone to their eternal rest are cognizant of earthly happenings. What a lesson this has been to us all through this most eventful trip! It is not a junket. It is one of the saddest, most impressive journeys ever taken by any body of men during all the years of oui" nation's existence. We have come to pay our tribute of respect to our comrades who went away from us a half a century ago. You all heard, I know, with pleasure that magnificent address of our former foe, but now our friend, telling you all about those glorious days at Gettysburg. I am happy to say that I was permitted to be there and to act in the capacity of Commander of the Department of the Grand Army of the Republic of the State of New York and to do what I could to make their visit pleasant and profitable. What a glorious time that was, supplemented later by a reunion with hun- 74 STATE OF NEW YORK dreds, yes, thousands of them, at the following meeting of the national encampment of this organization in far off Chattanooga, where we hope shortly to be, if nothing untoward happens. Comrades of the Grand Army of the Republic, I wish to say a word particularly to you. Coming as you have from all quarters of the State of New York, members of posts scattered from Erie to IMontauk Point and from St. Lawrence to Staten Island, I want you to go home and impress upon your comrades the lesson you have learned upon this trip. Tell them the good words you have heard from our friends who fought against us. Tell them all that you have seen, and I believe that you will tell your tale to willing and attentive ears, and the interests of our organization will be enlianced by your recital of what you have seen and done during these eventful days. I well know that no one of you can ever forget the impressive speech made yesterday in Riclimond by the Hon. Mr. Hinman, when he out- lined certain perils that confront the American people. Like him, I am no pessimist, but I do believe that the problems he laid before you should be taken to yom* hearts, and that you, dm-ing all the remaining years of your lives, should see to it that there is implanted in the minds of the coming generation a love of liberty, not license ; liberty under the law, and that everyone has his o^\ti right to life, liberty, the pursuit of happiness and the accumulation of prop- erty. You can do no better than to instill into the minds of all the organizations that are affiliated with the Grand Armj^ of the Republic the duty that lies before them. For fifty years, you veterans of the Civil War have endeavored to do your duty as soldiers of peace. Your work is nearly over, and it is for your descendants to take up your work and carry it on so that all over the length and breadth of this land there may be no person to stand up uncontradicted who advocates class distinctions and whose utterances breed only hatred and discon- tent. Let every one have an equal show, and this country will remain as it is now, the greatest country in the world. If this journey shall ANDERSONVILLE MONUMENT DEDICATION 75 have impressed upon your minds the tremendous cost of the preserva- tion of the Union and shall have engendered a more profound respect for the dignity, the worth and the responsibilities of true American citizenship then it may well be said, as it was said of old: " It was good for us to be here." (Applause.) Senator Palmer: I have now the honor to introduce to you a long-time prisoner in Salisbury. I have tried to persuade the com- rades all along the way to tell us something about their experiences in the prisons in which they were confined. When this matter of the dedication of this monument arose, I began to get frequent letters from all over the State advocating it, and when the question was at issue in the Legislature, one day the Governor handed me a letter which he had received from Auburn, N. Y., absolutely stating the situation the most perfectly of anything that I read during a long and elaborate correspondence. I now have the honor of introducing the writer of that letter, the Hon. Robert L. Drummond of Auburn, N. Y., who will tell you something, I hope, about Salisbury, N. C. (Applause.) ADDRESS OF HON. ROBERT L. DRUMMOND Mr. Chairman, Comrades of Both the Blue and the Gray, and Ladies and Gentlemen : Fifty years: and during all that time, these dear brave boys, to the number of 13,000, have been sleeping on this southern hillside, in these imknown and unmarked graves. ^Vhen I tell you that of tliis loyal 13,000 dead, I saw nearly every one, with my own eyes, carried to tliis, his lasting resting-place, and of this 13,000 dead, I carried or helped carry with my own hands, hundreds of them to the building assigned as the receptacle for the dead of the prison, as I stand here, fifty years afterward, and look over those 13,000 graves, my feelings and emotions may be imagined by those present, but they cannot in the least be understood. 76 STATE OF NEW YORK • A^Hiat was the character of those comrades who lie in these unkno^v^l and unmarked graves? They came from the best homes of the Empire State. They were the first born of a thousand of the best firesides of the State of IVew York which gave up that first born son freely as a sacrifice on the altar of their country. Wlience came those men to this, their place of imprisonment? Some of them had climbed the heights of Vicksburg; some of them had been with Joe Hooker fighting the Battle above the Clouds at Lookout Mountain; some of them had been eye witnesses to that grand sight of your own Burgwj'n, who has been mentioned, when, for the eleventh time, he himself took up the fallen colors of the 26th Xorth Carolina and called upon those surviving of that immortal regi- ment to rally behind the colors held by their colonel. Some of these men that lie here were eye witnesses of your owti grand man, Lewis A. Armistead, as he marched steadily over that field of death with his hat upon his sword as a rallying point for his devoted followers, and in the end pierced the Federal line and fell mortally wounded among the enemy. Some of these men who lie here, and of whose death I was an eye witness, were present when your own Pettigrew made that grand world renowned assault on that stone wall at Gettysburg; and the major of my owti regiment, the 111th New York Infantry, told me that on the night of that awful day at Gettysburg, by the light of a lantern, he found the 26th Xorth Carolina and the 111th New York so intermingled, the dead and the dying, that it was difficult for him to distinguish the blue and the gray; and he went about among them, finding them lying there, to use his own language, " ISIore like brothers lying asleep than those who as mortal foes had met each other in the deadly conflict of the day." Some of these men who lie here, my prisoner comrades, as I have stated, were the first born of the best homes of the Empire State. They left their mothers who bade them good-bye for the last time. ANDERSONVILLE MONUMENT DEDICATION 77 looking at them through their bhnding tears. They bade their sisters good-bye as they hung over the garden gate of the old homestead. In many cases, they bade a young wife good-bye as she held their first born baby in her arms, the father kissing the wife and the child whose faces he was never to look upon again. Some of them bade their sweet- hearts good-bye under the silent stars of the Empire State, when there was none present to mar the sacredness of the occasion, and for the last time on earth they pledged their loyalty to each other, whom they were never to see again. As I stand here and think of those thousands of boys and men imprisoned in the stockade of this city, I recall the fact that day after day I have listened to the roll call of fourteen divisions of 1,000 men each, which meant that 14,000 Federal soldiers at one time were imprisoned within the gates of this now fair city ; and as I stand here to-day with this grand expression of the people of Salisbmy, I do not want to forget, but I desire to make expression of my remembrance of the fact that I stand and that you assemble in the home city of that grand man. Rev. Adolphus W. Mangimi, then a young Methodist clergyman, stationed in this city at the time of our imprisonment, the chaplain of the 6th North Carolina, an ardent Confederate who had given his life and his interests and his energies to the cause of the Con- federacy; but, at the same time, his heart was so great and his sym- pathy so tender that he came in among us day after day and preached the word of Life to us, and sang sacred hymns to those suffering and dying men; and on one occasion, I remember that as a boy I stood leaning against an oak tree in the stockade within the confines of this city, listening to this same Rev. Adolphus W. Mangum breaking the Bread of Life to an audience of 14,000 ragged, hungry and des- pondent men and boys. If there is one within the sound of my voice that claims kith or kin to him, if there is one within the sound of my voice that even claims the honor of an old acquaintance, I want him to know that at least one 78 STATE OF NEW YORK ex-prisoner from the stockade at Salisbury remembers kindly and reverently the Bread that he then cast upon the troubled waters of our miseries and our sufferings and which is perhaps returning to you and to his, after these fifty years, as we ex-prisoners of war come back bearing olive branches in our hands and preaching the doctrine of peace and good will and a reunited country under one and the same flag. (Applause.) As I stood here looking into the faces of these men and women and listened to the eloquent words of the young mayor of the city of Salis- bury and to the eloquent words of our friend, Colonel Boyden, com- rade in arms who wore the gray, who met us in the past upon the hard- fought fields of battle, but who is now our firm friend and comrade — as I stood and listened to that address of welcome, I do not want to forget that we all stand here to-day within that State that gave to the Confederacy such men as Vance, as Armistead, as Burgwyn and as Pettigrew. I do not want to forget that we stand here to-day in the State that is the home of Josephus Daniels, whose name is in every home within the Empire State at the present time, a household word because of the good deeds he has done and the good words that he has said in the cause of good government, of moral greatness, progressive- ness and of puritj'. I do not want to forget, my good friends, but I want to make recognition of the fact that we all stand here on this beautiful afternoon within the home city of the United States Senator from this State, Lee S. Overman, whose good deeds and good words are known to all the thinking and reading people of the Empire State. I do not want to forget, but I want to make recognition of the fact, comrades, that we stand in the home of John S. Henderson and in that of Archibald H. Boyden, who has addressed us so earnestly and so eloquently, and I want to state to you what he once wrote to me thirty years after the close of the Civil War. It was like this — it was very like him to write it, and it was very like me, I hope, to remember it : " Come down here and see us, and I, as mayor of the city of Salis- ANDERSONVILLE MONUMENT DEDICATION 79 bury, will give you the freedom of the city, and we will treat you so well here among our people that you will forget that you were ever here before." I take it from the grand meeting and reception that he has given you this day that he has not forgotten the promise he once made to me as an individual, but that he has taken the whole of you old comrades, and our good friend. Senator Palmer, and all of the young Senators and Assemblymen, and the members of this honorable Commission, under his wing, and he has extended to you, through the mayor, the freedom of the city. Surely, he wants us to forget that any one of our number was ever here from the State of New York under different circimistances. Comrades, I know you are tired, that you are weary with the ride that you have already taken and with the prospect of the one that lies before you, but I want to say to you how honored I feel when called upon to speak to such an audience as this upon the same ground where fifty years ago I came as a boy prisoner from the Empire State, vmder protest and at the point of the bayonet. I want to say to you how honored and thankful I feel that this grand Commission from the Empire State has felt it fitting to call upon me to add my feeble words and expressions to the importance and the sentiment of the occasion. I feel confident that all of you, both the blue and the gray, will unite with me in rejoicing that it was one of our great judges from the Empire State who wrote : " No more shall the war cry sever. Or the winding rivers be red; They banish our anger forever When they laurel the graves of our dead! " And I hope both the blue and the gray remember that it was a loyal woman from the North that wrote: "Albert Sidney Johnston," and among other things said : " They were a royal race of men, these brothers face to face, Their fury speaking through their guns, their frenzy in their pace." 80 STATE OF NEW YORK And I want you men who wore the gray to remember that we com- rades of the North who wore the blue do not forget that it was youi' great southerner who stood at the bier of Charles Sumner, and, in words that seemed then and now prophetic, closed that wonderful oration with the declaration : " My countrymen ! Know one another, and you will love one another." In closing these brief remarks, let me say to you that I hope I express the sentiment of both the blue and the gray when I say : " Oh, veterans of the blue and the gray, who fought on Shiloh field, The purposes of God are true. His judgment stands revealed; The pangs of war have rent the veil, and lo. His high decree; One heart, one hope, one destiny, one from sea to sea." (Applause.) (Miss Lucretia Mackenzie sang) Senator Palmer: Now, comrades, j'ou have an hour to ramble around in the most pathetic spot I have ever seen. "When you think that if you walk across that lawn, your feet will tread upon the dust of 12,000 heroes whose names are unknown, who for fifty years have slept here in silence, surely you have a pathetic privilege. Somebody said that the tourist who went to Waterloo must tread lightly, for "his step was on an empire's dust." I say to you now, tread lightly here, for those who lie beneath your feet made an empire immortal. (Applause.) I introduce to you Superintendent Fonda, who is superintendent of this cemetery, and then, if you will keep quiet, I am going to shake hands with the mayor of this city for purposes of portraiture. ADDRESS BY MR. FONDA Comrades, I want to say just a word to you. ^\lien this prison was here the doctors kept a record of the men that were in the hos- pital. We have a record now of 1,020 men from the State of New York that lay in that hospital, and the dates of their deaths, but they were all put in the trenches, so we have no single graves. The high- Plan of Andersonville Prison Grounds 1. Caretaker's House, erected by the National V.'. R. C 2. " Providence Sprinji." 3. Site of proposed National Monument. 4. Outline of purchased property. 5. Outline of Stockade enclosing prisoners. 6. Outline of Outer Stockade (only partially completed). 7. " Dead Line." S. Confederate Forts and Batteries. 9. Main Fort, or " Star Fort," southwest corner. 10. Siie of Gallows, where marauders were hung. 11. Powder Magazines in " Star Fort." 12. Site of Capt. Wirtz' Headtiuarters. 13. Gate to Roadway leading to the Cemetery. 14. Wells and Tunnels dug by prisoners. 15. Site of Dead House. 16. Entrenched Camp for Guards. 17. Roadway, lOOf cct wide, leading to railroad station. IS. " Stockade Creek," a branch of Sweetwater. 19. North Gate of Stockade. 20. South Gate of Stockade. 21. Flag Sta£f. 50 00 '/I o < a" < O W H « o a K H o « ^: H H >J > 2; o m a Q z < o ANDERSONVILLE MONUMENT DEDICATION 81 est number of dead from any New York regiment is the 51st. I myself am from Oswego. I was with the 147th New York, and the 51st has the biggest number. They have forty lying there that died in this prison. Right in that enclosure lie 11,700 men. Senator Palmer: We thank you; we thank you all. We most earnestly thank 'the comrades in charge of these cemeteries where we tarry enroute for an hour. You understand that we are on our way to Andersonville. We stopped in Richmond yesterday ; we spent the forenoon to-day in Danville, this afternoon here in Salisbury, and though we would not go by you, we cannot tarry. We thank you for your courtesies, and we wish you God's blessing forever. THIRD DAY Andersonville^ Ga. The prison at Andersonville was located in as lonely and inaccessi- ble a spot as could well have been found within the bounds of the Confederacy east of the Mississippi river. Perhaps it was selected because of this very inaccessibility by one W. S. Winder on the 27th of November, 1863. The first detachment of prisoners reached Andersonville on the 15th of February, 1864. Gen. John H. Winder took command in April, 1864. He had previously been in command of the prisoners at Richmond and such was his reputation that the Richmond Examiner, when he was sent South, said, " God have mercy upon those to whom he is sent." Winder died on February 9, 1865. Capt. Henry Wirz, the commander of the stockade, was a native of Switzerland, a physician by profession, and before the war was a citizen of Louisi- ana. In October, 1865, he was tried by the Union Military Com- mission and was executed. The stockade was built in the winter of 1863-64. It was formed by plain pine logs imbedded in the groimd on end. The main or 6 82 STATE OF NEW YORK inner stockade was twenty feet high. Outside of it were two other stockades; the inner one sixteen feet high and the outer one twelve feet liigh, originally enclosing some fifteen acres, but was enlarged until it finally contained about twenty-six acres. It is now a prison park maintained by the Government. The national cemetery is situated one-third of a mile north of the stockade. Here the monuments have mostly been erected. Magnifi- cent trees, with graded walks and lawns, adorn the spot. The Gov- ernment maintains it with great care. The place, however, is so remote and inaccessible that scarcely any one will ever see that monu- ment except he makes a journey with that in view. Modest but effective headstones, many acres in extent, have been placed in regu- lar rows above these graves as far as the ej^e can see. Names of the known dead have been inscribed on the headstones with, doubtless, little accuracy that the name written on any individual headstone does in fact indicate the exact person bm-ied beneath it. The num- ber of graves in Andersonville was 13,722, of wliich 12,791 are known and 931 unknown. With the exception of the presentation of medals of honor to the surviving veterans, the " Georgia " dinner and the " loving cup," which were within the prison grounds themselves, the services of the entire day, April 29th, were held about the New York monument in the cemetery. A modest platform, covered with bunting, had been erected precisely opposite the monument from which all the exercises were conducted. THE MONUMENT ITSELF BY CHAPTER 717 of the Laws of New York, 1905, the New York Monuments Commission was authorized to erect, on a site to be selected by the commissioners, in the national ceme- tery at Andersonville, State of Georgia, or within the prison grounds adjacent thereto, a suitable monument to commemorate the heroism, sacrifices and patriotism of more than nine thousand New York soldiers of the Union army in the War of the Rebellion, who were confined as prisoners of war in Andersonville prison, Georgia, and of whom more than two thousand five hundred died in the prison. The commissioners having decided to erect the monument in the national cemetery at Andersonville, they selected, with the approral of the War Department, a plot 120 feet by 100 feet on the westerly side of the pathway leading southerly from the circle at the flag-pole to the wall forming the boundary of the inclosed portion of the cemetery. The monimient at its base measures 17 feet long by 9 feet 6 inches wide, and is 21 feet high above the foundation. It is constructed in eight horizontal coui'ses of one stone each, the heaviest of which — that of the third course — weighs, approximately, twenty-seven tons. This monument is built of granite from the quarries of the North Carolina Granite Corporation at Mount Airy, N. C. The exterior of the structure is polished with the exception of the vertical face of the first course, which is fine hammered. On the front and reverse of the monument, in an appropriate location is affixed the New York State coat-of-arms. This is cast in bronze and is eighteen inches in diameter. A recess panel, 6 feet 2 inches wide at the bottom, 6 feet wide at the top and 9 feet and 1 inch high, was sunk in the face and reverse 83 84 STATE OF NEW YORK of the monument; and within these panels were placed bronze alto relievos, which covered the spaces with the exception of about three- quarters of an inch on the sides and top. On the bronze alto relievo, upon the front, or easterly side, of the monument, is modeled in high relief a female figure, 7 feet 3 inches high, typical of the State of New York, this figure with extended right hand, in which is held a wreath to decorate the graves of the New York soldiers buried in the cemetery. There is also a wreath in her left hand, while several more, reserved for the same purpose, appear in the foreground. This tablet contains the following dedicatory inscription : NEW YORK This monument, erected by the State of New York, commemorates the patriotism, sacrifices and fortitude of about nine thousand New York soldiers of the Union armies in the War of the Rebellion who were coniined in the Confederate States Military Prison at Andersonville, Georgia, of whom twenty-two hundred and sixty-one are known to have died in prison and were buried in this cemetery. Erected A. D. 1911. On the bronze alto relievo upon the reverse, or westerly side, of the monument, it was the aim of the sculptor to represent in the stockade, which can be noticed in the background, two prisoners of war — a younger and an older veteran — from the State of New York. The elder of the prisoners is seen with downcast face, weary and disheartened, his head resting on his right hand; the youthful prisoner, sitting in an opposite direction, with upturned face, is apparently inspired by the vision of an angel of compassion and hope, holding the symbol of peace (an olive branch) in her right hand, and coming to reassure and cheer him and to reveal to him the approach- ing and lasting peace between the North and the South. In his conception of the figures for this panel the sculptor had in mind combining the real and the ideal, with a view of portraying in a way that would not be unpleasantly remindful to the people of the South the sufferings and fortitude of the northern prisoners at the ANDERSONVILLE MONUMENT DEDICATION 85 time of the Civil War, and to show in an allegorical manner the peace and reconciliation which now exists between the then contending sections. Mr. R. Hinton Perry of New York was the sculptor for the panel on the front of the mommient, and Mr. Louis A. Gudebrod of Meriden, Conn., was the sculptor for the panel on the reverse, or west side, of the monument. The contractor for the construction and erection of the granite work of the monument, including the foundation, was the North Carolina Granite Corporation of Mount Airy, N. C, and the Roman Bronze Works of Brooklyn, N. Y., were the contractors for furnish- ing the bronze alto relievos from the full-size plaster models pre- pared by the sculptors. These alto relievos were each cast in one piece. The appropriation for the monument was $25,000.00. SERVICES HELD IN PRISON CEMETERY ANDERSONVILLE, GA. P April 29, 1914, 10 a. m. RAYER was offered by the Rev. J. H. Robinson of Albany, N. Y., who was himself a long-time prisoner in Anderson- villa, as follows: PRAYER OF THE REV. J. H. ROBINSON Almighty God, God and Father of nations and of men, who didst teach us by Thy Son and by all that he endured for humanity that all that is best for humanity can be purchased only through suffering, and who didst show and develop the spirit of liberty among our fathers, and they suffered ; and then in a later day men were found to suffer the sorrow, to wait, to hear, to bear, to die, that the flag that had been unfurled might still float to the breeze. We thank Thee that so many were found ready to give up life, and while we, some of us, who saw their sufferings and suffered with them, felt deeply for them and wept as they passed out of sight, we are glad to-day that they and we were ready to make all the sacrifices for the sake of the dear old flag; and we rejoice this day that their sufferings and their dying were not in vain, but though for years there was a rent nation, that there is no rent flag to-day, but the stars and stripes float over us all, and North and South and East and West honor the old flag. But, Lord, what can we say as we stand in the presence of those whom we saw breathe out their last in the midst of suffering! Oh, 87 88 STATE OF NEW YORK God, may the lesson abide in the hearts of these comrades! May it sink deep into the hearts of these younger people, and may this nation ever be a nation loving liberty and law and order and loving God; and grant, we pray, if it may be, that no storm of war shall ever again be ours, but that peace may reign not only on all our borders, but be we so always in all our relations with the nations of the earth. And now. Oh, God, breathe upon these dear comrades who stood, who suffered, and now, no longer with the springing step of youth as aforetime, but with halting step, many of them, and bowed shoulders, God bless them ; but O, God, make us every one here to-day, all who participate in these exercises, all who listen, all who love our flag, make us worthy of those who so suffered here. Hear our prayer. Lead us, and when we, as soon many of us must, step out of the ranks and fall by the way, maj' we, too, be gathered home. We ask it in the name of Him who suffered for us all, even Jesus Christ, our Lord. Amen. Senator Palmer: My comrades, we have reached at last our Mecca, the goal for which we started. This is Andersonville. The stockade itself is a short walk south of here where we will shortly take ourselves. This spot is the national cemetery. "What art could do to garnish nature has here been accomplished. \Vlien Andersonville was chosen for a prison camp it was because of its remoteness from the lines of travel, and, in general, its isolation from the world that had eyes to see. The magnificence of the trees over our heads, the lawns, the flowers that bloom about, bespeaking the care that the nation renders to the graves of its heroes, all thrill us with emotion and gratitude. We started from the city of New York three days ago, on our way to this spot to unveil and dedicate the monument that stands veiled before you. The day in Richmond was memorable because Richmond was the capital of the Confederacy, because the prisoners entombed Back of Andersonville Monument ANDERSONVILLE MONUMENT DEDICATION 89 there had died during the whole period of the war and were from all sections of the North, and because it was the birthday of General Grant. The day at Danville and Salisbury (that is, yesterday), is memorable because of the cordial greeting we received from the resi- dents of those cities as well as the pathos of the lonely magnificence of these two prison cemeteries ; but this is the great day of the feast. Here with bands playing and with uncovered heads, you, who long ago were here confined in prison, moving proudly on with banners and with bugles, have entered at last upon the very spot for which you started, with the yet veiled monument before you. From February, 1864, to April, 1865, the number of Union pris- oners confined here in Andersonville is recorded as 49,485. The aver- age period of imprisonment was four months. The greatest number of prisoners at one time was on August 8, 1864 — 33,414. The great- est number of deaths on a single day was on August 10, 1864 — 300. All about us are monuments which our sister States have erected to the memory of their dead. They also came here as we have done, gen- erally with the soldiers of their States who had been imprisoned here, returning to participate in the dedication of their monuments as the guests of their respective States, precisely as we have come to-day. Our coming differs from most of theirs cliiefly in that we have come a longer distance and at a later period of time, so that, although we come from the greatest of the States which had here the largest munber of prisoners, we are, perhaps, the smallest in number of any who have preceded us, not because the State did not invite all the sur- vivors of this prison to return as its guests, but because so many years have fled that we have now become so few in nimiber. This is the belated but proud tribute of the great State of New York to her immortal martyrs. The prison stockade here at Andersonville was laid out by one W. S. Winder, the son of Gen. John H. Winder, who commanded the 90 STATE OF NEW YORK prisoners from Richmond and on southward in the winters of '63 and '64. No more out of the waj^ or lonely spot could probably have at that time been chosen on the line of any railroad than the combination of forests and marshes and swamps that then surrounded the little station of Andersonville. Slaves were employed to cut down trees, hew the logs and erect the stockade wall. The stockade was originally about fifteen and one-half acres in area. Through it ran a creek. It was built of pitch pine tim- bers, twelve inches thick and as wide as the trees from which they were cut would admit. The timbers, about twenty feet long, were set in trenches about five feet deep and the earth firmly packed about them. At intervals of about eighty feet boxes were constructed, six feet in length and four feet in width, and of such height that when the sen- trj' stood erect on the floor of his " house," the top of the stockade was on a level with his breast. These sentry boxes were reached from the outside by ladders and were covered with boards for shelter against the sun and storms. Within the enclosure, and fifteen or eighteen feet from it, was a railing, some four feet in height, running parallel with the prison walls. It was made by nailing scantling upon posts. This formed the famous " dead line." In 1864. the prison was enlarged by adding eleven and one-half acres to its area. In this national cemetery of Andersonville where we are this morn- ing, there are interred 13,722 dead, of which 12,791 are known and 931 are miknowTi. You will find, if j'ou walk about, 2,500 State of New York flags, one placed at every known New York soldier's grave. There were 10,000 of the youth of New York imprisoned here once. You were among them, my comrades — you who have survived life's perils for fifty years and are permitted, in God's Providence, to re-visit this scene and participate in the dedication of this monimient. If there ANDERSONVILLE MONUMENT DEDICATION 91 should ever be a grateful hour in all your lives, surely it is this. God bless you. Perhaps I may now outline for you in a general way the antici- pated order of our services during this da}^ The exercises of the morning will consist of addresses, limited strictly to those who once were imprisoned here. At noon we will form in procession, with the band preceding us, and, with solemn tread, march from the cemetery into the prison stockade itself. At 12:30, within that stockade, the badges of honor will be pinned upon the bi'easts of the valiant men whom God has mercifully spared to see this day and to stand again — not young and ardent as when you first entered here — but old and grim, yet grateful and triumphant as you are this hour. Afterward, a Georgian banquet will be served. As you will doubtless remember, many a poor ration was doled out to you by the prison commissaries once upon this spot. I trust this collation to which the State of New York invites you to-day will be a mighty con- trast to any you had here before. The following six ladies have been invited to pin the medals of honor upon your breasts: Mrs. Carswell, Mrs. Andrus, Miss Gratia Patrie, Miss Margaret Kerrigan, Miss Lucretia Mackenzie, Miss Mabel Foster. These ladies are respectively either a mother, a daughter, or a grand-daughter of one of the commissioners. The officer of the day, Commissioner Brown, will so arrange it that each man, when his name is called, will step to the front and the designated lady will pin upon his breast the medal conferred by the State of New York in his honor, long delayed, it is true, and yet not too late for you. At 2:30 we will retm-n to this cemetery and re-assemble on this spot for the unveiling of the monument, for its dedication and its transfer from the ownership of the State to that of the nation. It will be unveiled just before its presentation. The speakers of the afternoon will be the Hon. Thaddeus C. Sweet, Speaker of the Assembly of the State of New York ; Senator 92 STATE OF NEW YORK John F. Murtaugh, the President Pro Tempore of the Senate of New York, representing the Governor; and Colonel Langfitt, U. S. A., representing the President of the United States. The commissioners who will speak here this morning, that is, the commissioners other than those who are Senators and Assemblymen, were not eligible for that office miless they possessed certain qualifica- tions therefor. It was required by the law that they be citizens of New York, soldiers of New York and prisoners at Andersonville. Before introducing them to you, I will present, for your greeting. Colonel Langfitt, the President's representative. I introduce to you the first speaker of the morning, the honored secretary of the commission, who is not a member of the Commission only because he did not serve in a New York regiment, but who was, in fact, the man whose persistent interest in advocating the enabling act made possible this achievement. Comrade Joseph L. Killgore of Brooklyn, N. Y. ADDRESS OF SECRETARY KILLGORE Me. Chaieman, Comrades and Friends: I am not a stranger to some of you. If ever I wished for the ability of a Demosthenes it is now; yet if I possessed it the effort would be a vain one, because no words of mine, nor of the English language that ever were coined, could tell you half; no pen can write it — the most eminent artist of the world, or all that ever lived, could not paint the scenes which were enacted here fifty years ago so that the pictures would adequately express the truth. These graves and monuments bear silent testimony to the awful tragedy of Andersonville. The skel- eton forms of many, the livid, swollen, distorted figures of others, and all a scene of desolation and death, is beyond the power of your imagina- tion. It is difficult for me, in speaking now, to control my emotion. Before attempting to say another word in relation to the suffer- ings and sacrifices of our comrades, it may be proper for me (possibly ANDERSONVILLE MONUMENT DEDICATION 93 as your representative ) to say a few words about the magnanimity of the great State of New York (applause) and to point out a few of the members of the Legislature who aided in bringing you here. I appreciate their services and thank each one of them most cordially, particularly so because before I undertook the mission for you I was told repeatedly that in going to Albany my errand was a useless one, that the bill would never be passed, but much to our grati- fication it became a law by unanimous vote. I wish to introduce to this audience, through the courtesy of the chairman, three of the men who did so much to secure its passage. The bill was introduced in the Senate by the Hon. William B. Carswell. (Senator Carswell, will you stand up ? ) ( Applause. ) The vote in the Senate was unanimous, and in the Assembly the same, where it was in charge of Hon. William Pinkney Hamilton, Jr. (Mr. Hamilton, will you stand up?) (Applause.) (I wish the boys to see you, gentlemen.) It was car- ried to the Governor of the State by Senator A. J. Palmer, our chair- man (applause), so that you now see some of the men who were responsible for the bill in the Legislature. I am betraying no secret when I tell you that before its unanimous passage by both houses the Governor had personally assured me of his sympathy and support. Any reference I may make to my efforts, please do not think they are uttered in a spirit of self-laudation, because what I did was in your name, and the great State of New York listened to you and granted your request. Hon. Wm. Sulzer added to his reputation as the friend of the soldier and deserves our warmest thanks. I cannot refrain from referring to the great service of Senators Robert F. Wagner, Elon R. Brown, and others, and in the Assembly to Speaker Smith, Mr. Levy, Mr. Hinman and others. We thank everybody in both houses. Now, boys, there are many things published in connection with the history of the war that are not true. I do not mean to startle you when I say that there never was a war between the North and the South. There was a war for the preservation of the Union, in which 94 STATE OF NEW YORK many men from the southland took active and prominent participation in its favor. We forget that the ansM^ering shot at Sumter was fired b}' a southern man, Robert Anderson, of Kentucky. We rememt)er that about tliis time fiftj^ years ago a great national convention was held in the city of Chicago, 111, (not by southern men), which declared the war a failure, and one of the planks of the platform insisted that the Govermnent of the United States should exchange the prisoners of war, which meant to give back to the Confederacy forty or fifty thousand fresh troops in place of skeletons, fit only for the graveyard or hospital. Then these northern allies of the Con- federacy became busy to have the friends and relatives of the Union prisoners know how deeply our boys were in favor of that particular plank of the platform. A mock election was held in the Confederate prisons, the result of which (if favorable) was to be sent through the lines to be used against Mr. Lincoln. The conspirators thought that with that plank of the platform urged upon the Union prisoners a majority at least would vote a white bean, which represented their candidate, McClellan, and the black beans were for Lincoln. (Applause.) Here were the white beans, wliich, according to that platform, stood for freedom and life. There were the black beans for Lincoln, suffering and death. But those black beans in the ej'es of the Union prisoners were symbolic of the Union and its flag, and when the votes were counted there was one white bean for McClellan to at least one hundred for Lincoln, and the Union prisoners had demonstrated their ability to discount or reverse the famous utterance of Patrick Henry, " Give me liberty or give me death! " In that part of our country, then known as the " loyal States," the vote in favor of this platform (the popular vote) , was one million eight hundred thousand, but these suffering, starving, dying Union prison- ers of war would have none of it. It may not be necessary for me to say this, but I wish to prove to vou that within this cemetery is the evidence of southern loyalty. The ANDERSONVILLE MONUMENT DEDICATION 95 record shows that as many men from the six southern, or slave States, of Delaware, Maryland, Virginia, Missouri, Kentucky, and Tennes- see, are bm-ied here as from the six New England States, or from the six western States of Indiana, Kansas, Iowa, Michigan, Minnesota and Wisconsin. In this cemetery lie seven hundred and twenty-three men from the Confederate State of Tennessee, as against seven hundred and sixty-seven from Massachusetts, and six hundred and fifty-three from Indiana. I merely refer to this fact that you may understand that the American Union was saved by men of the South, men of the North, and men of the West. The Union men, loyal citi- zens of this great nation, came from all sections of the country. In the first place, if it had not been for the encouragement and promises of help which were held out by certain prominent politicians of the North, the southern leaders would never have dared to seduce or coerce their people into secession and war. I am dropping these remarks that the younger people present may understand and know that the Union was saved by the loyal people of the nation without regard to any section. (Applause.) Let me tell you another thing, and those of you who are mathematicians can make your own calcu- lations. It is this, that from these slave, or southern. States there were at least four hundred thousand men who served in the Union army. Let us stop to think just a half minute — take those southern men from the Union army and add them to the Confederate, and you will see what I mean. Let us select a few individuals. Tell me if you can point to any soldier in the Union army who was the superior of that magnificent Virginian, George H. Thomas (applause), then go to the navy, search through its records, look in every direction, and select if you can a more distinguished sailor than that grand old Ten- nessean, David G. Farragut (applause); then stop and think of three hundred thousand men from six of the southern States ; it was easy to enlist in the Union army. North and West. Brass bands were parading the streets. It was a popular thing and it only took a few 96 STATE OF NEW YORK steps to a recruiting office to enroll your name; then consider the loyalty of the man who will travel more than two hundred miles across moimtains and ravines, taking all sorts of chances, facing every danger, traveling immense distances, to enroll as a Union soldier. It meant much to him, and when we gather here rejoicing for the great State of New York and for other northern or western States, as we see proper to call them, let us not forget the loyal southern man. I have been delighted and instructed since we left New York and I think yesterday's exhibition of the feeling of the ex-Confederates should tell to all of us that the war is over and that the sanctity of our flag is safe ; that its future is secure, and that no hand, whether domestic or foreign, can ever be successfully raised against it. (Applause.) STORY OF ONE REGIMENT, THE 85TH NEW YORK By Commissioner Burdick On April 20, 1864, at Plymouth, N. C, after three days of san- guinary fighting, four hundred sixty-tliree enlisted men and thirty officers of the 85th N. Y., with other troops, constituting Wessel's brigade, were surrendered to the Confederate forces of General Hoke. "Eleven of the 85th had been killed and forty-three wounded. All the wounded who could walk were taken vnth the uninjured to Anderson- ville, Ga., where the most of the Plymoutli garrison arrived on April 30, 1864. A few of the more severely wounded were brought in as soon as their wounds had healed sufficiently so that they could be transported. In the early part of September, after the fall of Atlanta, most of the living members of the regiment were transferred to Charleston, S. C. , where, with many other prisoners, they were held for a little over four weeks on the old racing park grounds, when the living were sent to Florence, S. C, and held in another stockade until General Sherman had captured Columbia, when those who could walk were Mrs. Martha A. Irish Burdick Author of Poem read at Andersonville Dedication, entitled " A Tribute of Honor " ANDERSONVILLE MONUMENT DEDICATION 97 taken to Goldsboro, N. C, whence on February 27, 1865, all were paroled and sent to Wilmington, N. C. During the time the regiment was held at Andersonville, 176 died and were buried there. Of the regiment, while held as prisoners of war, three hundred and eleven gave their lives as martyrs to the cause of human liberty. To-day, as nearly as can be ascertained, seventy of the one hundred forty-five who survived the horrors of that year are alive; sixty-seven of these enlisted in the fall of 1861 and were continuously in the service from the day of enlistment to the day of discharge. Every one of these men was on the fighting line during the four days of the battle at Plymouth. On April 26, 1914, thirty-one of the survivors of Andersonville, members of the 85th, as an organization went with the other New York ex-prisoners on the pilgrimage to the dedication of New York's monument at Andersonville. These men were veterans, having served nearly four years during the great conflict, and having been in seven- teen different engagements, besides many scouting scenes and skir- mishes. Very few indeed of the volunteer soldiers were shirks or cowards. They hurl into the teeth of their maligners the assertion that " they were skulkers " for every one was on the firing line doing his best for his coimtry. To-day every one of those who went to Ander- sonville in 1914 is an honorable man, doing his part in making our country great, and, as truly as it may be said of most of those who could not go with us, they are worthy citizens to-day as they were good soldiers then, ADDRESS BY COMMISSIONER BURDICK My comrades, fifty years ago to-morrow we entered the stockade at Andersonville, 463 members of the 85th regiment among those pris- oners who carried the musket, on the 1st day of April, 1865, the last ones left, excepting those who are lying out yonder. One hundred and seventy-six of the 85th New York are buried in this cemetery. One 7 98 STATE OF NEW YORK hundred and thirty-five of them are buried somewhere else in other southern cemeteries. Three hundi-ed and eleven men from the 85th regiment, all told, died as prisoners of war, the largest number from any organization in the United States. TAventy-four years ago we attended services here on Decoration day, and Mrs. Burdick read the poem from the stage over yonder, "A Pilgrimage." To-day she wished very much that she might be here, but for five years she has been an invalid. She is not able to walk, but her mind is here with us to-day. Commissioner Burdick then read the poem written for the occasion by Mrs. Martha A. I. Burdick, who had two brothers and her hus- band (Commissioner Burdick) in AndersonviUe prison: A TRIBUTE OF HONOR The rolling tides of peaceful years Have laved and smoothed the war-ridged crests Of lands where sleep our buried slain With still hands folded on their breasts. Time dulls the edge of keenest grief, But neither time nor tide can dim The altar fires that God hath lit And guarded by love's cherubim. Enshrined within our hearts, we hold The loving memory of those Whose lives were sacrificed to save The Nation from mistaken foes. We rear our monuments inscribed With Honor's tribute, richly due To those who kept the Union whole When War his vengeful trumpet blew. Here where we stand with reverent feet, With heaven's blue dome above us spread, A silent, sleeping army waits The resurrection of the dead. ANDERSONVILLE MONUMENT DEDICATION 99 The constellations of the skies Stand guard above these voiceless halls Whose marble doors swing ever back, And where no martial bugle calls. These men were prisoners of war, — Our sires, our brothers, and our sons,— Made captive at the battle's front 'Mid clash of arms and booming guns. Within the prison pen they bore Till death the agonies and woes Whose harvest the grim reaper gleaned. Whose aftermath no mortal knows. No sword or gun or bayonet Lies by the side of those who sank Unarmed and unresisting here, Unknown to fame or fortune's rank. They died, and yet they might have lived - Might have escaped their awful lot — If they had bartered loyalty For their release, but they would not. True to the pledge of patriot sires. Ten thousand heroes perished here. And generations yet to come Their names shall honor and revere. A rescued Nation tribute pays In sculptured stone and letters bronze Whose words shall tell to coming years The record of her martyred sons. Build to the skies, if thus ye may. Oh, loyal freemen, true to trust. Build marble towers and granite domes Above these ranks of silent dust. Float, starry banner of the free Forever float, undimmed, above Our altar fires whose incense bears To heaven our pledge of ceaseless love. 100 STATE OF NEW YORK Our garlands of forget-me-nots With amaranths of fadeless bloom We twine with tear-wet laurel wreaths Above each martyr-hero's tomb. Sweet Peace with snowy wings shall guard This spot where sleep our loved and lost. And a saved Nation teach her sons What victory and peace have cost. The monument we dedicate For the Great Empire State this day Acknowledges in eloquence The debt of love she cannot pay. But monuments and laurel crowns, — All symbols and all eloquence, — Can never voice the sacrifice That only God can recompense. Our stricken hearts, our lonely homes, Our pride in valor and in worth. We leave with Him within whose hand Are held the destinies of earth. Time bears us onward and will bring Eternity's glad dawn at last. With Heaven's pure light to overshine The midnight shadows of the past. I have copies enough of the poem. Mrs. Burdick wanted them given to each of the comrades here present and any of the friends who may want them; enough for every one. (Applause,) (A rising vote was taken in honor of Mrs. Burdick and thanks for her poem was unanimous. ) ADDRESS OF COMMISSIONER I. M. FOSTER Mr. Chairman, Ladies and Gentlemen, Comrades: This is a sacred day, a sacred service. Echoes from the past break in on my heart. Visions stand out before me, brighter and clearer than the leaves on these trees. I will not permit myself to go into the past and say much about this prison. ANDERSONVILLE MONUMENT DEDICATION 101 Some things that relate themselves to this prison, to the experiences of men here, shall live as long as time rolls by. It was a splendid thing to save the Union, but, comrades, do not misunderstand me when I say, we fought for two years and did not win a battle under the cry, " The Union must be preserved," but out of a woman's heart and a woman's brain, touched with the finger of God, we came to face the great truth that was underlying the conflict at that time. Great principles were involved in the war, principles that touched not only the lives of those in our own land, but the lives of men every- where on earth who felt the heel of tyranny upon their necks. We were bearing to the future, and pushing out to the front, the interests that related to all men for all time. Better that a nation die than the truth should be crushed forever. Better that Spain be destroyed than that Cuba should be crushed. (Applause.) And so I am just going to say a few words concerning what these men fought for. I am going to show you how true those men were who were in this prison. God never made men truer than the men imprisoned here. Loyalty was their god, and devotion to the principles of righteousness. Those old prison walls ! I can see them as distinctly as I see these trees. The groups of men on every side pass before my vision now, and the gates are open yonder. It is about eleven or twelve o'clock. Coming at the gate yonder are a dozen or fifteen Confederates, splendid men in form and physique, and they go about among the prisoners making offers — and many had the opportunity ; you have heard it, every one of you. See that poor fellow over there? The brightness of the noonday sun is shining upon him. Visions of beauty are taking form and shape before him. See the smile that plays upon his features. Yonder in the vision that rises before him is the old homestead, and on its porch his gray-haired father and mother, waiting for his coming. Just at the gate yonder stands his wife, looking and longing for his return, and on the lawn yonder are playing the children of his love and life. 102 STATE OF NEW YORK He is not in prison now. He is home again. The vision is taking shape and body before him, and the smile fills his features as he steps into the embrace of his father and mother and feels their kisses, and the children climb up in his arms, their arms about his neck, and their voices ring in his ears, sweeter than the voices of angels. All, he is not in prison now. Gone are all thoughts of the prison in the vision that has arisen before him. His mother says, " Dinner is served," and there is his accustomed place, and he takes his old seat again. In his thought and in his heart he bows his head, as his father lifts his voice in prayer of thanksgiving to God for having preserved his son and brought him home again. He is not in prison now. Yes, he is lying over yonder. Ai'oused from the dream by the offer of the men that come in at the gate: " Take the oath of allegiance to the Southern Confederacy and we will feed you; we will clothe you. We will bring back health and strength. We will make the vision real in the future." And I can see him now, as, his eyes snapping fire and spurning with contempt the offer, he says: "What? I take the oath of alle- giance to the Southern Confederacy? What? I strike against the old flag? Yes, this is a fearful place we are in. We are suffering and starving and dying here, but before I take the oath of allegiance to the Southern Confederacy I will lie here and rot and die and be for- gotten by my father and mother and wife and children, before I will take the oath of allegiance to the Southern Confederacy, or raise my hands against the stars and stripes." (Applause.) And I tell you, comrades, that is the kind of courage God Almighty honors and humanity crowns ; the kind of courage no battle- field produces. A Comrade : Right. Commissioner Foster: Right? I can demonstrate to any unpre- judiced mind that it is the kind of courage never uncovered on a battle- ANDERSONVILLE MONUMENT DEDICATION 103 field. There is one thing to help a man when he goes into battle. Yes, there is : pride of a man's heart, lest he be called a coward. No man cares to be called a coward. Do not smile when I tell you one thing : God Ahnighty never made a woman who would marry a coward if she knew it. She will follow a drunkard down the street, thinking she can make him a sober man. She will follow a criminal to his cell, thinking she can bring him back to honor and manhood. She will relinquish everything dear to her soul for the man she loves, but she will spvu-n a coward as a poisonous viper. Yes, and if any of you fellows hear an old soldier say he had no fear when he first went into battle, that is proof he never saw a battle. (Applause and laughter.) A Comrade : Right. Commissioner Foster : God never made a man who is not afraid of bullets. Because a man is a little timid and afraid, that is no indi- cation of cowardice. Brave men fear danger and leap into its very jaws in obedience to duty. If I had five minutes more I would just use a little illustration of myself. I am going to steal a minute or two. You see where I made a point is this: We came in on eastern time and I am talking on Georgia time, and that gives me an hour. A Comrade : We will give you more, anyhow. Commissioner Foster: I am going to take it anyway. I was just going to say a word about cowardice and fear. They deployed us into the line of battle at the battle of Chancellorsville on the hill. Somebody blundered. They frequently do, you know. We should have been deployed at the base of the hill. Chancellorsville was not my first fight. I had been among the men crossing into Fredericks- burg and rushed up those stone walls. I knew about war before, but something that day, I do not know what, happened to me, and my knees caved under. The guns opened fire just yonder and my whole form trembled. Twelve pieces of artillery opened fire on us and 104 STATE OF NEW YORK began to drop on us, and I said to Mould, the orderly sergeant, " I (stuttering) do not know what's the matter with me. I cannot stand still." Yet when we charged those twelve pieces of artillery I did keep my place in line with the rest of the men. (Applause.) That helps a man in battle, — the pride of his own heart. And there is another thing that helps men in battle : that is the privilege of striking back. Every man of you rise and tell me you are going to attack me. My hands and limbs are free and I may run the gauntlet and escape ; but bind my hands and my feet and throw me on my back, and then tell me you are going to attack me and there is nothing left for me then but to wait your approach. That was our condition in prison. And there is another thing that helps a man in battle: that is the possibility of victory and triumph. My brigade, Mr. Chairman, took Little Round Top at Gettysburg. I saw Pickett's charge. I can hear the echoes come down resounding through the generations past of that marvellous triumph when we lifted the flag so high above the smoke and dust of battle that all the nations of the earth could see it and were impressed with the majesty and magnificence of our strength. There is something wonderful in the possibility of victory, but you fellows knew the feeling I refer to, when we were lying over yonder and those men came and offered the privileges of returning to hfe, or returning to health, of looking once more upon your homes, or staying there and eating a pint of meal and water, and another pint of meal and another pint of beans — that was all. That was all they gave us. I say those men were true in a condition and in a situation which exalted the old flag, in the demonstration of the fact that we had estab- lished forever the truth of human rights and individual liberty. We were not fighting for the black man nor the white man. We were fighting for manhood, and we were declaring to the nations of the earth that because a man is a man, and because of that fact, the God Almighty set a stamp of manhood upon him — I would rather be a ° 2 o a^^ HZ « 5< S'g.S e s § s.s IS"^ •On «= o c d S s a o cs^-cj:: 3 c " M a „=£ £ JZ >.o- g ,-^ >* "■s2oo3o_f "' -;^ -c d etc "5 = ^ >- - I mo 0,*-^ = -" Sag * g " J a I £ o" •" -= 3 c _ _ - d o : ^ Si.'-- -^ o S 2'E 2 2 c"^ 2-2 6= 2 2 cH.^7^*^+- o =* > o o^ 2 0;^ EtsJ^H^ *^ !^<_ 0) ^■-;::^ ^ u t. %-^ 2^ - S » g = a »< DOS'* »„■§ * -^ to » ^ O C^ g p >.'o « g '. fc £ S f S o o OKr^ M c n o o ^ S; « 5 c c3'tD„ a^ ■^ = a":: ^ s S £■- S oj:.S 2 fe'E-^i c §• ■— P^ > J- O C QJ'— W '^ 5 2i ^+j a>< o^ 3 0^ o^ G M « M-^"S a « S'3 " " 3 > a; o-r:=:.::;-5 o s o~^ •r„c.->og2p.^_-s »o 0) "j4^- 2 o "S3-2-'51SS..S' "2 2'g ^ a t^ a ^ t. a) a 5 3 C.2 c £ S 2 = fin O u O ANDERSONVILLE MONUMENT DEDICATION 105 man than an angel. I would rather have a good right arm than an angel's wing. It is not written an3'where in the Book that man will ever be anything but man through all eternitj^ — redeemed manhood. God has appeared to men in the past, always in the form of man; God met the prophets and sat with them in their tents, but sat with them in the form of man. We approach the throne in the name of the Man, Jesus Christ, and it was in the interest of common humanity that we fought for the grand old flag. It was in the interest of mankind for generations to come that men suffered and gave their lives in the interest of truth. It meant something. How kind and true some men were to us in the past. I am a Methodist minister. I have lived in a Methodist parsonage on second- hand furniture all my life. (Laughter.) That is right. I have just moved from one parsonage to another within the past month and there is not a new thing in it. Only a new house and a new man and a new wife and a few of my- things; that is all. My father was a Methodist minister before me. I am not introducing anything religious into this at all. It is not in any sense a religous worship, but I will never for- get — and there are many of you who remember — those hot days of July and August. I have forgotten the names of two or three of those Catholic priests that came in to give us cheer and help. A Comrade: Whelan, Hamilton and Clavereul. Commissioner Foster: I speak of them, and there came to my mind to-day these words I found written in the Book : " Other sheep have I that are not of this fold." And if loyalty to the spirit that is Christly, if the uncovering of the heart that is divine, if the charity of the hand that flashed like an incandescent light with its faith and its cleanliness, is to give expression of loyalty to that which is divine, then these men came to comfort us and lay hold with the fingers of God. It is a great da}^ What education this is to stand here, beneath the shadows of these trees, in the presence of the dead, and hear their voices as they speak to us of duty and responsibility and future oppor- 106 STATE OF NEW YORK tunity. Here it is that we are drilled in the jjrinciples of loyalty, of patriotism, of truth, and of devotion. Here it is that we marshal the hosts of the United States. Oh, yes, England has sustained continuously a standing army of two hundred and fifty thousand men to maintain her peace. France has a standing army of a couple of hundred thousand men or more to maintain her peace. Germany has a standing army of some five or six hundred thousand men to maintain her peace at great public expense. Russia has a standing army of six or seven hundred thousand men to sustain all the time at great public expense to maintain her peace. We have got a little, insignificant army of about sixty-five thousand men stretched from ocean to ocean and from the lakes to the coast, and from sea to sea, and we span the globe. Sixty-five thousand, did I say, Mr. Chairman, is that about right? I am mistaken. My mind was a little more quickened just now. We have an army of men — 3,000,000, or 4,000,000, or 5,000,000 of men — and we gather them together on these great days, by the side of men who sleep, and drill them in the principles of righteousness and truth and loyalty to gov- ernment, and so magnificent is the standing army of this great nation, drilled by the graves of men who have sacrificed their lives that its power might be upheld, so magnificent is this, that the nations of the earth stand aloof and the old flag we unfurled floats out without fear and without thought concerning the possibilities of the future. God, help us to be true. One other word. I have come to know my friend, Mr. Hinman, splendidly. I have read some things about him and I took occasion to say to him yesterday that what I did desire to say — and that is the only thing I had thought out to say to-day — is this : that what he said was true in that magnificent speech he gave us in Richmond when he warned against the dangers that line along the path of anarchism and socialism and these various teachers against individual liberty; but the greatest danger, comrades and fellow citi- zens, is not, to me, along that line. I endorse everything he said and believe all he uttered to be true, but I believ6 the nation's greatest ANDERSONVILLE MONUMENT DEDICATION 107 danger lies in its departure from the morals of God's laws ; that when vice shall rule in place of truth, and when men shall wink at iniquity, and when men shall disregard the commandments of God, then shall the foundations of the nation crmnble and decay. In the history of the world, from Babylon to Jerusalem, from Jerusalem to Rome, and from Rome to the fall and decline of the Spanish power, there is not recorded a single instance of the overthrow and destruction of upright and God-fearing people. Vice and iniquity alone represent the ruin of nations ; and if we shall be as true to God and truth in the future as in the past; if we shall strike out in the things that come with the devotion to loyalty that has characterized the men now sleeping in this cemetery here, we have nothing to fear. Oh, yes, I saw the men that were hung here. I could stand here until the shadows go down and tell you of the experiences of prison life, but that is not mine to do. I would not encroach upon the pro- gram of the day. It is a privilege to stand here. It is a benediction to stand here. I brought my wife and children to see the spot where I fought, bled, and died several times. (Applause.) Yet they all say I am one of the liveliest corpses they ever saw. At the same time it is a privilege that we cannot express, in our appreciation of it, to be permitted to come here, fifty years after our departure. Fifty years have rolled away and the men who were here are nearly all gone, but we are here, thank God. If we shall be as true in the future as we have been in the past, the history of the decline and fall of the American republic will never be written. If Christians shall be loyal to their Maker ; if philanthropists shall go forth on errands of mercy ; if patriots shall be true to their high calling, then it shall never be said that the ocean was dug for our grave, or that the grass grew for our shroud, or that the mountains were reared to mommient our departed glory, but the old flag we love so well shall wave on and wave ever, until its starry folds shall glow resplendent in the glories of the last day. God help us to be true. (Applause.) 108 STATE OF NEW YORK ADDRESS BY COMMISSIONER McCULLY Mr. Chaikman, Ladies, Gentlemen and Comk.vdes: Much has been said and written about the great Civil War, but there still remains much to be told and recorded. History gives us no parallel of its horrors, especially the sufferings of those who were con- fined in the southern prison pens. Of the nine thousand from the State of New York who were confined in this prison, ninety-seven per cent have gone to the eternal camping-grounds, and the other three per cent are rapidly following. On the 2nd day of September, 1864, General Sherman entered Atlanta. The Confederates here thought he was going to send his cavalry to release us, and began as soon as possible to remove us ; ten thousand were sent to a stockade at Florence, S. C. On their arrival at Charleston, S. C. (enroute), the first one thousand were put in an open space of ground in front of a large public building in the center of the city and a double guard placed around us. The next morning there came into the camp some Sisters of Charity; they talked with some of the boys and went away. The following morning they came with a wagon-load of bread; two of the Sisters filled their arms and attempted to go through the guard line, when one of the guards said, " We-uns got orders not to let you-uns go in thar. " One of the Sisters replied, " Well, sir, do your duty and thrust us through if you will, and we ^vill do om- duty and feed these starving men," and she went like a shot past that guard (applause), and distributed the armful of bread. Then she went back, and they concluded it would be difficult to get through as a body, so they went to the wagon and loaded their arms with bread, came over to the lines and threw it over the heads of the guards to us. That is what the Sisters of Charity did for us in Charleston that day. (Applause.) At that time, our gunboats were shelling the city. The shells went over us and on all sides, but none entered the camp. We were there about two weeks, waiting for the stockade at Florence to be finished, and during that time not a shot ANDERSONVILLE MONUMENT DEDICATION 109 dropped into our camp. We concluded those gunners knew our location, hence no shells reached us. Day before yesterday, Senator Palmer in his remarks referred to the Sisters of Charity and their kindness to the prisoners at Belle Isle in Richmond, and I recall what he said, that although he was not of the same faith, he never met a Sister of Charity to whom he did not take off his hat. I simply add to what he said, that I hope the dear Lord will bless here and everywhere the Sisters of Charity; and I can say with Senator Palmer that I, too, am not of the same faith. I never see one of them, however, but that it brings back to me recollec- tions of what happened in Charleston. (Applause. ) Great honor and credit has been given to the men of the Civil War, and too little to the noble women whose mental sufferings were ten times greater than our physical and mental combined; and we who were here in Andersonville know what that means. Just one or two references to their part in the war and I am through. A woman in Massachusetts, Mrs. Bixby by name, had five sons. They all went to war ; they were all killed. On the 21st day of Novem- ber, 1864, President Lincoln went into the Secretary of War's office. The Secretary said: " Mr. President, I have just received a report from the Adjutant- General of the State of Massachusetts, who informs me that Mrs. Bixby's last son of five has been killed," What did the President do? With his great sympathetic heart, he sat down and wrote Mrs. Bixby as follows : Executive Mansion, Washington, November 21, 1864. To Mrs. Bixby, Boston, Mass. Dear Madam: I have been shown in the files of the War Department a statement of the Adjutant-General of Massachusetts that you are the mother of five sons who have died gloriously on the field of battle. I feel how weak and fruitless must be no STATE OF NEW YORK any word of mine which should attempt to beguile you from the grief of a loss so overwhelming. But I cannot refrain from tendering you the consolation that may be found in the thanks of the republic they died to save. I pray that our Heavenly Father may assuage the anguish of your bereave- ment, and leave you onlj' the cherished memory of the loved and lost, and the solemn pride that must be yours to have laid so costly a sacrifice upon the altar of freedom. Yours very sincerely and respectfully, A. LINCOLN. In the city of Chicago, we have a Federal judge who was born about the time of the battle of Kenesaw Mountain. His name is Kenesaw Mountain Landis. He is the judge who fined the Standard Oil Company $29,000,000 and is a brother of the Hon. Charles E. Landis, M. C. Their father. Colonel Landis, raised and organized a regiment and with him he took four of his brother Jacob's boys. At the battle of Stone River in 1863, the last one was killed. On looking for him the next day, he found him on the battle-field, dead. He sat down and wrote the family, consoling them as best he could, and closed with these words: Dear Brother Jacob: This will be a sad blow to you, this being the fourth boy that you have given to your country. But in your sorrow you have this consolation: They died fighting for the best country on which the sun has ever shone. Those words were true in 1863. They are true to-day in 1914. This is the best coimtry on which the sun has ever shone (applause), and that flag, with its beautiful stripes and bright stars; that flag, with its emblematic color of red, white and blue ; that flag whose folds protect alike the foreign and American born, and represents the country of free schools, religious liberty, and equal rights to all, is the best flag on this earth to-day. (Applause.) ANDERSON VILLE MONUMENT DEDICATION 111 ADDRESS BY COMMISSIONER BROWN Mr. Chairman and Representatives of the State, Ladies and Gentlemen, Comrades: I want to say I am very glad I am here on this occasion to partici- pate in the dedication of the beautiful monument that stands there. I was one of the first that entered that prison. I was not then sixteen years old; I passed my sixteenth birthday there. As I said, I am glad to be with you and do all I can to make this occasion memorable. I thank you, Mr. Chairman, for calling upon me. My voice is troubling me and I ask you to excuse me. I thank you for your attention. (Applause.) ADDRESS BY COMMISSIONER MACKENZIE My Comrades and My Friends: That is all I have in this world now — comrades and friends, and I hope and trust that every man who wore the blue or the gray is a comrade of mine (applause) ; and every person who acknowledges God is a friend of mine. I do not know what I can say here. I may have a voice, but I have not the ability of some of my commissioner friends. However, I want to tell you this: I would like to impress upon your minds that which was impressed upon mine fifty years ago — my first fight. Comrades, you know what the fight was; friends, I hope you will never know such a fight. I remember when we were pushing to the front, when I heard the shots of the advance guards, when we saw the Confederate cavalry come to meet us, when we went and met them, and " they were not ours." (Laughter.) That was our first march on to Fredericksburg. We called it Falmouth. From that time until after the battle of South Mountain, we were on the firing line. Then we came back into Virginia and I was cap- tured. I remember the trip over the Virginia Central road from 112 STATE OF NEW YORK Orange courthouse around down to Richmond; the night and day in Libby prison; the winter on Belle Island, the six and a half months down here in Andersonville prison. I remember leaving this place, going to the Andersonville station, back to Milen, and then going back to Savannah and getting aboard the old " New York " with the Star-Spangled Banner flying over my head. Comrades and friends, I thought that was the grandest hour of my Kfe. That was fifty years ago, but to-day I stand before you and I tell you that this is the grandest hour of our lives. (Applause.) The war is over, thank God, and we are all comrades and we are all friends, and my prayer to Him who rules everything is that we shall ever be comrades and friends. (Applause.) Senator Palmer: Now one moment, your attention. The services reminiscent are over. If you will follow our guidance for the next hour or so the medals will be given you. We will return for the formal unveiling and dedication of the monument, and you will have an hour or two hours to ramble around here amid the graves of your comrades before you entrain yourselves to depart. I am anxious you shall have, each man undisturbed, two hours to himself. The medals will be conferred upon you in the prison pen. WITHIN THE PRISON STOCKADE 12:30 p. M. PRESENTATION OF MEDALS The veterans having been assembled in military order within the prison stockade, the services of decorating them with the medals now occurred. Senator Palmer: Mr. Officer of the Day and comrades, in behalf of the State of New York, represented here by this Commis- sion and by the Senators and the Assemblymen, who stand here side by side, we are, as the representatives of the State of New York, now Line Lp at Andebsoxville for Presentation of New York State's CoMMt;MOKATivE Dedication Medal ANDERSON VILLE MONUMENT DEDICATION 113 about to confer on you each a medal inscribed with your name, your company and regiment, which you may wear proudly upon your breast to your life's end, in testimony of the Empire State's apprecia- tion of your sufferings upon this spot fifty years ago. These ladies have been selected to pin these medals upon your breasts. One is the mother of one of the commissioners ; f oin* are the daughters of the commissioners and one the grand-daughter of a com- missioner. In other words, every lady who will now perform this duty is related by blood to the commissioners, and but one from each family. Each comrade, when his name is called, will march to the front and receive his medal. The banquet under the trees which had grown up within the stockade was then partaken of. PRESENTATION OF LOVING CUP At the conclusion of the banquet, the comrades were assembled underneath the trees within the prison stockade and the chairman of the Commission being sent for was surprised indeed by the presenta- tion to him of a loving cup filled with the water of Providence Spring. The presentation address was made by Commissioner I. M. Foster as follows : Senator Palmer, in behalf of all who have participated in this trip, I am commissioned to present to you this loving cup, the gift of your comrades in token of their love and esteem. Comrades, I have known Senator Palmer for many years. Indeed, I have been his friend and he has been mine all along life's joiu-ney, and it is a particularly grate- ful task to me that upon this spot I should be privileged to present to my friend this loving cup, which we procured unknown to him in Richmond, where he was long a prisoner, and which we now present to him as & token not only of our love, but of the obligations which we 8 114 STATE OF NEW YORK are under to hiin for his patient and successful labors as chairman of the Commission in gathering us from all parts of the State, and bring- ing us safely to this place and hour. Senator Palmer has many qualities of manhood, never forgets liis friends, is true to the principles of life, and loyal to every respon- sibility in life ; he is in possession of the rarest jewels that man ever carries, the friendships of all these men. The friendship ! These lives will fade and die, and that which I am going to give to you, sir, will rot by and by, but the friendship and loyalty of these hearts to j'ou, sir, will abide forever. Yes, sir. I am speaking out of my own heart and out of the heart and conscience of every man that is here. Very few of these men know, sir, how assiduously and with what undivided attention you have toiled early and late for weeks and weeks, without any other thoughts of remuneration except a success- ful trip; and God has crowned you with health and permitted us to come here with you under yom* general direction, with the assistance of the men now gathered about you ; and, sir, it has cropped up in our hearts to express to you here and now on this sacred spot om- apprecia- tion of your toil and effort in bringing us here. In this loving cup we express to you our confiding regard and in it now is just a little of the water from Old Providence Spring. God swept over this place once with a tornado ; as it seemed to us, the heavens had conspired with our foes to destroy us. The black clouds gathered from the four corners of the skj\ They seemed to meet just over this prison to unite their force and power in destroying us. The muttering thunder was like the voice of threatening, the flashing lightning told us of its devastating power; then the gates opened and the rain descended in torrents and that little stream became a mighty rushing river and the water rushed down the two hills and it seemed to open everything so as to destroy us ; but at last the storm swept by. Then we discovered that God's right hand had reached down into the soil and had opened a spring out of which was ANDERSON VILLE MONUMENT DEDICATION 115 pouring water, pure and clear, sufficient to satisfy the wants of the prison, and b}^ common consent we named it " Providence Spring," as if the hand of God in the fury of the storm had opened the earth to bring forth water for famished thousands. In this loving cup which expresses our friendship is the water Almighty God brought us when we were famishing for water; it is an expression of our appreciation of your toil, which we hope may always remind you in years to go by of the friendship and regard of these men. RESPONSE BY SENATOR PALMER My comrades, I thank you. I never was more surprised, for not the least intimation had come to me that you intended to make me any gift whatever; above all, so splendid a loving cup, which I accept gratefully and will keep to the end of my life in memory of your appreciative friendship. Of course, I have for many months, bj' night and day, done what I could to make this trip successful, to bring you from your far-scat- tered homes in comfort to this spot, so that all who were invited to the privileges of this trip, and no others, should be here assembled. Also, that every man should have a good breakfast and dinner and supper and a comfortable sleeping car berth, and avoiding all extravagance, yet that you should make this long journey in comfort as the guests of the Empire State. Also, we brought along a good nurse, a fair girl from Albany, whose father was a prisoner here, who has cared for you on the trains ; and a phj^sician as well, in case of any illness, who also was himself a prisoner here and who lives within the bounds of my senatorial district. I have had the co-operation of my colleagues in so far as their assistance has been necessary, and if I have served to make this extraordinary journey a successful celebration of your achievements on this spot, I am, in that alone, repaid. 116 STATE OF NEW YORK I was never a prisoner myself here at Andersonville as you all were. I spent nine months in Confederate prisons, but not here. It was therefore you that suffered here and not I. It was that great statesman of New York, Roscoe Conkling, who once said that, " The fibre of a man is determined not so much by what he can perform as by what he can endure." Comrades, you who spent months and years of your youth in these prisons, surely developed the virtue of endur- ance as few men in history have done. It has so happened that in the passage of the years I seem to have become the last Union soldier remaining in legislative office in the State of New York. Not many years ago there were twenty or thirty men who served in the Senate or Assembly who were Union soldiers. The Lieutenant-Governor was usually an old soldier who was honored with this office, because, in addition to his personal qualifications, he had an historic record. With the defeat for re-election of Dr. Bush of Chemung last year, I have become the only man left in the Legislature whose youth was spent in the army. I have no doubt that it was largely therefor that I was given the privilege to serve you as the chairman of this Com- mission. Moreover, I wish to say in this presence, to the honor of my friend, Lieutenant-Governor Robert F. Wagner, that despite the fact that I am not of his politics, yet at his suggestion I was designated to membership in this Commission and by the votes of my associates was unanimously elected its -chairman. I have tried, therefore, to carry out my duties without any political preference whatever to one or another. I have tried, also, to make every one comfortable, so that if all the people of the State, whose guests you really are and at whose expense you have made this journey, could know of every dollar of their money which has been expended for your comfort, all would gladly approve it, and if we have succeeded in bringing you here in comfort and shall get you home in safety, that will be my real reward. ANDERSON VILLE MONUMENT DEDICATION 117 I trust it will be in our power, also, on our return to reimburse you for your expenses from yom* respective homes to the city of New York and return.* I thank you now for the loving cup with all my heart. A Comrade: Three cheers for our Senator. A Comrade: Three cheers for the Empire State of New York. Secretary Killgore: I propose three cheers for William B. Carswell and the other men who aided us in getting the bill through the Legislature. Commissioner Foster: Three cheers for the secretary who worked so assiduously. 2:30 p. m. (The comrades are re-assembled about the yet veiled monument.) PRAYER BY COMMISSIONER FOSTER Almighty God, the Father of us all. Giver of all the mercies of life : We give praise and thanksgiving to Thee for the privilege that is granted us this hour of gathering together on this sacred spot to dedicate to the memory of those who sacrificed their lives in the interest of truth the pillar of stone that as the days go by shall speak of their loyalty and of their service to truth. Grant us Thy blessing and impress upon our hearts, deeper than ever before, the value of truth, and help us ever to associate our- selves with that which is true and pure and good, to the glory of Thy * The Legislature of 1915 appropriated a sum sufficient to refund to each New York Andersonville survivor, living outside of the city of New York who attended the dedication of the monument, the amount of the railroad fare from his home to New York City and return. This amount has been paid to each survivor living, or the proper representative of deceased, by the treasurer of the State of New York, and thus the Empire State has redeemed its promise, for the accomplishment of which our thanks are extended to both branches of the Legislature and particularly to Senators Carswell and Sage, Speaker Sweet, Assemblyman McDonald and to Hon. Charles S. \VhitmaB, Governor. 118 STATE OF NEW YORK great name, to the honor of our nation's hfe, to the advancement and exaltation of truth, as the days shall go. Hear us for Thy name's sake. Amen. ADDRESS BY SENATOR PALMER I request the keeper of this cemetery, Mr. Bryant, whose services have been very great to us, and the keeper of the prison stockade, by whose courtesy we were permitted to have our dinner served within its bounds to-day, to accept seats upon the platform. We have come now, my comrades, almost to the closing services of this long itinerary. The average one of you has probably come 1,500 miles from your home to this spot and there will be an equal distance in return, which I pray God you may all make in safety. The hour has now arrived for the dedication of the monument itself. It will be turned over by the Commission to the representative of the State, and by him, in turn, to the representative of the Presi- dent of the United States unveiled. This completed monument to her dead the State of New York to-day gives over to the nation for its eternal care. • ADDRESS OF THE HON. THADDEUS C. SWEET Mr. Chairman, Veterans, Ladies and Gentlemen: For me to attempt to add to the impressiveness of this occasion would not only be sacrilegious but a mockery. It seems that the most befitting service would be for us to bow our heads with these surviving veterans in solemn thought and turn our faces then heaven- ward with thankful hearts to our most gracious Lord for the preser- vation of these many veterans who have been spared to assemble here to-day in peaceful communion. In all the ages of the past the true soldier who has battled for human life and his country and its institutions has won and received the homage of the American people, the loving gratitude of his countrymen. ANDERSON VILLE MONUMENT DEDICATION 119 We have gathered together here to-day to dedicate this monu- ment to the brave men who gave up their Hves that this country- might hve ; but they have a more enduring monument than this, for, friends, when this shaft shall crumble and decay, when the very names it is intended to memorialize shall have been effaced from this monu- ment, their names will still be sacred in the hearts of the American people. As we look upon this monument to-day it awakens many sad memories, for within yon prison walls that once stood upon these adja- cent grounds, one of my own flesh and blood wasted and went down to an untimely but a true soldier's grave. You can remember when the agitation for State's rights and secession culminated in that mad act which trained the batteries of Charleston and sent their hissing globes of destruction upon the for- tress of Sunipter. You remember the tlii-ill that ran tlirough the North when that flag of our countrj^ had been stricken from the air in which it had floated for almost a century ; but those guns fired from the harbor of Charleston, like the guns fired from the bridge of Lex- ington, echoed around the world, and hardly had the echo died away, when, born for the place he filled, the greatest man ever President of the United States, Abraham Lincoln (applause), called on all those who loved their country to come to the defense of it. You remember how the volunteer soldier came from the office, the shop, the factory and the farm. You remember that mighty tide that poured from our hillsides and valleys and went down to the defense of an endangered country. You remember the long and weary march, the lonesome and sickly camp, the wild carnage of battle and the prison horrors. You remem- ber the return of the worn and weary troops when the war was done, clothed with honor and with fame. You remember, alas, that many came before, but it was in their leaden cases, folded underneath the flag they bore. 120 STATE OF NEW YORK But out of all this sadness there is to-day joy in our hearts, and what joy there would have been in the hearts of our soldier dead if they could have lived to have known what you and I know to-day. If they could have known that at the first alarm of the war, at the first insult to our flag, that the sons of the South and the sons of the North would be marching shoulder to shoulder ; that the sons who once wore the gray were proud to join the blue and march again under the same flag. If they could have seen their country take its proud posi- tion among the nations of the East, if they could have seen the flag they followed waving in the front for human right, feared by tj-ranny and respected by the world, they would have known the honor that comes with a duty well and nobly done ; but no nation has ever become great until it has been dotted with the graves of those who died to defend it, and, Mr. Chairman, how beautifully pictured is that truth in these few lines: Then give me the land where the ruins are spread And the living hold dear the graves of their dead. Yes, give me the land that has story and song To tell of the strife of the right and the wrong. Oh, give me the land that has legends and lays To tell of the story of long vanished days. Oh, give me the land of the wreck and the tomb; There's a grandeur in graves; there's glory in gloom. For out of the gloom future brightness is born As after the night comes the sunlight of morn, And each single grave, though with grass o'er grown. May yet be a footstool for liberty's throne, And each single wreck in the pathway of might May yet be a rock in the temple of right. Mr. Chairman, I thank you for this opportimity of assembling with this delegation and Commission representing the State of New York on this most memorable occasion. It was mj^ privilege and pleasure to be a guest of the State of New York at its celebration at Gettysburg last summer, the most solemn, most sacred that I had ever attended; but to-day when I breathe in this air and feel that I Obv erse lieverse Survivor's Medal ANDERSONVILLE MONUMENT DEDICATION 121 have trodden over the gi'aves in this hallowed ground upon which, as I have mentioned before, my own flesh and blood sacrificed his life to his country, I feel that no greater honor could ever come to a citizen of the State of New York, and I most sincerely thank you, Mr, Chairman. (Applause.) ADDRESS OF SENATOR PALMER I will now ask the lady who has been designated for the unveiling of the monument to take her place. Others will kindly gather around, but move to either side, so that the view may be unobstructed. We are now about to take two portraits of the monument as it is unveiled. The most artistic bas-relief I know of anywhere in tliis country is now about to be revealed. After the monument itself is unveiled, pictures will be taken of it, with 'all remaining seated. I have also asked the ladies, who this morning fastened on the breasts of the veterans the medals of honor, to take their places in the order that their names were called, that a portrait may also be taken of them in front of the monument. Colonel Langfitt, representing the President of the United States, and Senator John F. Murtaugh, representing the Governor of New York, will kindly stand by me. Dedicatory Prayer An now. Almighty God, sacred unto Thee is the death of Thy saints; safe in the keeping of Thy Providence forever may be this bronze and granite — safe from storms and earthquakes and all the ravages of time — this monument which the State of New York this day, on this spot, dedicates to the memory of her dead. (The monument was then unveiled by Mrs. Helen Palmer Andrus of New York; comrades remained standing while the band played the Star-Spangled Banner.) A great sculptor once was chiseling nothing more beautiful than that, and he could not bear to think that he who wrought it should so 122 STATE OF NEW YORK soon be forgotten, so he carved his name up against the wall where no one could see it. A bystander asked, " ^Vliy do you carve your name there where no one can see it? " And he gave this answer which has lived always: "Ah, but the gods will see it." I congratulate the artist that wrought this thing of beauty, to the honor of our comrades who here perished, and the glory of the State of New York; and now. Senator Murtaugh, my dear colleague, as the representative of the Governor of the State in his absence and at his request, in behalf of the Commission which was entrusted with the dedication of this memorial to our dead, I turn over to you this monu- ment with the request that you, in turn, will transfer it to the repre- sentative of the President and the keeping of the nation, and thus our labors, I trust, are not unworthily accomplished. ADDRESS OF THE HON. JOHN F. MURTAUGH We are assembled to dedicate a monument that will perpetuate to future generations the sacrifices and patriotism of nine thousand New York soldiers, who, at the call of their country, left their homes to preserve the Union, marched to the front, stamped the story of their valor on many battle-fields, were made prisoners of war, and three thousand of whom died upon the gi-ound where this monument now stands. We come here, at the command of a Government of nine millions of people, to pay the honor New York State declares should be con- ferred on its martyred sons. Our State has never forgotten its brave defenders. It has given them preference over other citizens in the service of the Government; it has established and maintained homes for the old soldier in his declining years; it has erected on many fields beautiful monuments to commemorate the deeds of its soldiers; and to-day it places upon the graves of those heroes, who fell not on the field of strife, but amid the gloom of prison camp, this beautiful stone as an emblem, a lasting tribute, to the noble sacrifice and patriotic ANDERSONVILLE MONUMENT DEDICATION 123 devotion that these brave men made foi* their State, their country and mankind. This is another event along the course that marks the affection of the American people for the private soldier. All along the path- way striking landmarks are erected. Nmnerous fields are covered with emblems of remembrance. This is as it should be — for we are a nation of the people. In other ages and countries, imposing testimonials have been erected to able generals, great warriors, kings and emperors. Egypt has pyramids to her kings, England has West- minster Abbey to her gi'eat, the tombs of Napoleon and Charlemagne adorn France, but on every battle-field of America rise beautiful monuments to the memory of the private soldier, to the citizen who became a soldier, to the man who laid down his axe and took up his gun and on everj^ field of battle left the story of his valor in letters of blood. (Applause.) It is wise for the American people to honor the memories of the men who fought and died that the American institution might live. No nation can long survive that fails to honor its soldiers and defenders. The quality of the martial strength consists more in the spirit than in the number of men. When this republic forgets its soldiers, it will have none. One way to prepare the nation for the wars of the future is to honor the heroes of the past. That is why we are here to-day. We come to pay tribute to the memorj^ of the soldier who died in the prison camp ; he is equally entitled to honor with him who died on the field of battle. It is a mournful sorrow that goes out to the soldier who passed away amid the horrors of a war prison. There was for him none of the glorj^ that comes to one who meets his death on the field of service. He is far from the land of his birth; amid strangers, he suffers in sorrow and misery; sickness, hunger and despair, surrounding him, shut out the sunlight of hope. Death comes with none of the inspirations that buoy the warrior in battle, no martial music, no thought of a fort to 124 STATE OF NEW YORK be captured or a height to be stormed. He meets death alone, in prison, and in misery, with no dream of future glory. \Vliat a contrast between this death and that of the soldier who dies amid the thunder of cannon and the clash of infantry. The boys who marched to the front at Antietam and Vicksburg, who fought Jackson at Chancellorsville, or repulsed Pickett on the heights of Gettysburg, were fighting in an atmosphere of glory ^vith a chance of victory, but the prisoners at Andersonville stood in the face of death and defeat. They had to fight as they fought, and die as they died, in the cold shadow of foregone disaster. It was not their fault, poor, humble, brave soldiers, that they did not die on the field of glory. They did and dared and died just as bravely and just as gamely amid the human WTeckage at Andersonville as they would have done amid the glories of Gettysburg. (Applause.) It is all the same at last. The nation will ever remember their bravery, cherish their loyalty and never let the glory of their patriotism grow dim. (Applause.) There is a beautiful custom in Switzerland. At the crossing of their mountains, the Swiss are wont to bury those whom the people delight to honor and then to mark the spot with a small pile of stones. Thereafter, each passer-by whose heart beats in sympathy and unison with the spirit that lies beneath the groimd picks up a stone and casts it on the pile ; and so in the lapse of years there springs up an impres- sive, enduring and ever-growing memorial in honor of the departed. On this day we engrave on our tablets of remembrance the image of this monument which will ever recall the memorj'^ of those who died here. We place this memorial here to add to the impressiveness of the scene where so many heroes sleep. We pilgrims who have gathered here to-day place this monument on the memorial pile of the dead. May it stand tlu-ough the j-ears, grow more stately with the lapse of time and remain an everlasting remembrance to the memory of brave and good men. ANDERSONVILLE MONUMENT DEDICATION 125 Far from here, the beautiful city of Eknira nestles among the hills of southern New York. It is the city of my birth. When the great Civil War racked the nation manj'^ a southern soldier was cap- tured and spent his last days in the war prison at Elmira. This place, these graves and this occasion carries my mind back to my native city. There, in the quiet part of Elmira, in the shadow of the western hills, where the sun casts its last lingering glance as it sets for the day, is Woodlawn cemetery, a well kept resting-place of the dead. There lie sleeping thousands of southern soldiers, captured in battle, who passed from earth while prisoners of war, whose graves are covered in spring by the green sod and in winter by a beautiful mantle of snow. Between Elmira and the people of the South there exists a pathetic bond. Within the portals of our city we still watch with tender care the graves of the southern dead. Nearby is many a northern soldier who died on his way to the front. Year after year, the people of my city have decked alike the graves of the soldier dead. They have guarded and cared for them; over the roimded mounds stand white markers, and in books of record are the names of the brave men. It matters not whether they wore the blue or the gray. The war is over and with it ceased all anger and hate. The southern soldiers sleeping in Woodlawn cemetery at Elmira are not aliens, but Americans who fought for what they thought was right. They are the dead of a united nation. The' soldier boys in blue, resting in the same graveyard with the boys in gray, were parted in life; they are united in death. They are resting under the same sod. The sun, as it rises in the morning, looks alike upon their graves ; when it sets over the western hill, it gives them both a peace- ful benediction. Above them, and over their union in the grave, floats the flag of a united country. (Applause.) New York, to-day, with military pomp and civic splendor, offers this tribute to her dead sons at Andersonville. Rachel-like, she weeps 126 STATE OF NEW YORK for her lost ones, bends in sadness over their graves and bows in reverence to the memory of the brave heroes whose hves were sacri- ficed for the State and Union. After fifty years this may be a tardy recognition, but it cannot be said that the State has been ungrateful. The Empire State will never forget how these soldier boys fought and died in the dark days of the country's need. As long as an i^^jnerican lives and salutes the stars and stripes, as long as the heart of an American beats for his country, so long will a grateful people remember the heroic devotion and awful sacrifice these sleeping heroes made for the preservation of our glorious republic. (Applause.) Mr. Chairman, it now becomes our duty as members of the Com- mission appointed by the State of New York to present to the repre- sentative of the Government of the United States this memorial of the departed dead — this memorial to the prisoners of war, of whose loyalty and patriotism the people of the State of New York will ever be proud. On behalf of the State of New York, and pursuant to the power in this Commission vested, we now present and deliver this monu- ment to the representative of the Government of the United States. ( Applause. ) ADDRESS BY COLONEL LANGFITT Mk. Chairman and Gentlemen Representing the State of New York, Comrades — if I may call you so — and Ladies AND Gentlemen : It is peculiarly difficult for me to fittingly represent the President of the United States, the Commander-in-Chief of the forces which have succeeded those whom we are to-day gathered together to honor. His well chosen words, perhaps few in number, yet so apt, would ren- der any effort of mine poor indeed by comparison. I shall attempt no formal address, and what I have to say will be only a few of the ANDERSONVILLE MONUMENT DEDICATION 127 sentiments naturally arising in the heart of a soldier before the tomb of those whose great privilege it was to defend and serve their flag, even mito the bitter end. We are here, you are here, ladies and gentlemen of New York and fellow survivors of the Andersonville prison, to complete the last sad rite in memory of those gallant soldiers from the great Empire State, who, through fortunes of war, were not privileged to fall upon the field of battle but who met their end in a no less honor- able way, succumbing to the rigors, so to speak, of a necessarily rigid confinement, a confinement where both guarding and guarded often lacked the necessaries of life; where force of circumstances, the undeveloped state of prison management, the lack of hospital sup- plies and medicines, and even of surgeons and physicians, rendered high the mortality. It is recorded that of the total nimiber of pris- oners, 45,000 or 50,000, confined here, in a locality selected because the country was well wooded, with ample water, manj' farms, and blessed by nature with a salubrious and delightful climate, some 12,912 died of various diseases; and of these, your State, Mr. Chau'man, was represented by the largest number of all, some 2,572 being interred in this beautiful national cemetery, the next largest representation being Pennsylvania with only 1,811. It is stated, also, that there are 119 Confederate prisoners of war also interred in this cemetery. A few years ago it was my privilege to erect, at the charge of the national Government, a monument to the Confederate prisoners who died in the Federal camp of confinement at Point Lookout, Md. Other similar monuments have been erected elsewhere, and I hare now in charge the erection of a stone " Reared by The Congress of the United States as a Nation's Tribute to Brigadier-Generals James Screven and Daniel Stewart," both of Revolutionary fame. ^Vhen I think of these things and the many monvmients that have been erected, both East and West, and North and South; when I look upon this beautiful memorial whose dedication we are to-day 128 STATE OF NEW YORK consummating, as a soldier I feel a deep thanksgiving that the people of this great country appreciate and honor the soldier's calling, and when he has made the last great sacrifice his name and deeds are for- ever recorded in their hearts and commemorated in imchanging marble and bronze. No one regrets more than I, though appreciating most deeply the great compliment of having been selected as his representative, that His Excellency the President of these United States was prevented by harrassing cares of state from being present in person to accept on behalf of the general government from the State of New York this monument to her sons. He would no doubt have assured you that so long as he retained his high office he would extend every effort to see that it received that loving care which its intention and object so well warrants. He would thank you in the name of the nation for so fit- tingly recording in such endurable and beautiful material the sacri- fices made by the sons of your State that these United States should forever be united in one indissoluble bond ; and on his behalf I hereby accept this monument from the State of New York. ADDRESS BY SENATOR PALMER Now, my comrades, farewell. I trust we shall journey safely to our homes together. Farewell to the dear lads who have slept here so long and will lie here in silence forever. We will not come this way again. When we meet them it will be yonder in the great roll call that awaits us, to which, please God, we all shall answer. w ►J >-: > o 03 K U O Z W z o o 'A O LOOKOUT MOUNTAIN, TENN. April 30, 1914, 2 p. m. (Miss Mackenzie of Watervliet, N. Y., sang "America.") ON MOTION of Commissioner Kerrigan, a vote of thanks was unanimously passed to Senator Carswell and Assemblyman Hamilton of Brooklyn, who introduced into the Legislature the bill which authorized the appointment of the Andersonville Monument Dedication Commission. On motion of Commissioner Patrie, a unanimous vote of thanks also was tendered to Miss Julia A. Littlefield of Albany, N. Y., a daughter of an Andersonville prisoner and the superintendent of the Homeopathic Hospital of Albany, N. Y., who had accompanied us for three thousand miles, with no recompense whatever except the privilege to lend a hand to some unfortunate survivor who should become ill upon this journey; and to Dr. Edwin L. Ford of Lexing- ton, Greene county, N. Y., also an Andersonville survivor, who gave his services freely to any one who was in need of medical attendance on the trip. The secretary of the Commission, Mr. Joseph L. Killgore, then made the following impromptu address: ADDRESS OF MR. KILLGORE Comrades, Friends: You will notice in addressing you that I use the word comrades first, not with any thought of disrespect to any of our well wishers in this audience. You cannot appreciate the tie which exists between the comrades of the Union army and navy or fully realize the bond of fraternity shared by the survivors of Confederate prisons, particu- larly Andersonville. My heart has always been with these survivors 9 129 130 STATE OF NEW YORK and the Union men of the soutliland. I am more than grateful to the chairman for gi\'ing me the opportunity to explain the matter at this very appropriate place. I am gratified at the success of this memor- able trip. I have only the most sincere thanks for those who made it possible for us to be here. I mentioned yesterday the men who gave up their lives in the prison pens that our Union might remain one and inseparable, and believe that those who suffered in the prison pens of the Confederacy were doing as much for the success of the Union cause as the defenders who were facing the guns of its enemies. History shows that they were. Yet their heroic fortitude and that of the southern Unionists has never been appreciated or recognized by the nation. I tliink I am justified in saying that without their great sei'vice and unyielding loyalty the triumph of the Union arms would have been much longer delayed, if not indefinitely postponed. It is fitting that I should utter these words on this historic spot, because, looking out from this eminence, we can almost see the homes of thousands of southern men whose devotion to the Union was as rugged and true as these eternal hills about us. In studying the " Battle above the Clouds " fought here, it is a significant fact that the stars and stripes in that combat were first planted on Lookout Mountain, where we are now gathered, by the Union soldiers from Kentucky. Southern Union men, if you please. Missouri, Kentucky, Tennessee, Alabama, Mississippi, Arkansas, and other States of the South, under the circumstances in which they were placed, did their full share in saving the Union. There were many loyal supporters of our cause in each of these States. I have been trying for months to interest the American people in an effort to recognize the spirit of loyalty which controUed the Unionists of the South and the Union prisoners of war. If this nation is to live and be the great disseminator of the principles of liberty and equality, it seems silly to suppose that it can be done by ANDERSONVILLE MONUMENT DEDICATION 131 ignoring the faithful, and consigning to oblivion the story of their devotion. Loyalty should be recognized as the crown of an American citizen and the people taught to regard it as such. I had hoped upon this citadel of patriotism to hastily outline the proposition to you, but the sun will not obey me as it did Joshua of old and " stand still." Chairman Palmer is anxious to have our photographer secure a good picture of this audience before the sun recedes ; he has requested me to temporarily discontinue my remarks. Under the circumstances, I am sure you will agree with me that the time is too limited for me to make a satisfactory explanation so I will defer the matter for the present, but will detain you long enough to ask for a vote as to your sympathy and support of the movement as far as you understand it. (A vote was then taken, which was a unanimous one in the affirma- tive and in assurance of support. ) I thank you most cordially for this vote. I will remember the time, the place, and the people who made it. (Applause.) FINAL ADDRESS OF SENATOR PALMER And now, my comrades, we have gathered about this noble monument of our State on the summit of Lookout Mountain for a last word together, ere we find our way to the trains and journey homeward. You may consider this, therefore, a sort of closing ceremony. Here, where the " Battle above the Clouds " was fought — a deed so glorious that all the world has sung its praises — we have now gathered, having journeyed in safety thus far on our way, pausing at Richmond and Danville, Va., at Salisbury, N. C, and Andersonville, Ga., paying our tribute of honor to these victims of the war that saved the Union who lie asleep in these bleak cemeteries. Above every one of their faces we have planted a flag of the State, have sung our songs and spoken our words in their honor, and at 132 STATE OF NEW YORK Andersonville itself have dedicated the monument which the State has there erected for their eternal remembrance. If the weather had been made to order it could not have been more glorious for our trip, and so Providence has smiled upon us with the sunshine of His favor on every step of our progress. This journey has been, as it was intended to be, a solemn pilgrim- age; a pilgrimage to the shrines of patriotism. It is, perhaps, the last journey of this character that any of us will ever make, for we will not pass this way again. There have been flowers; there have been banners; there has been music. These are outward signs of our tribute to the dead, but the real tribute has been that of our hearts, we who here have prided ourselves in grateful memory that in our own youth we were comrades with these dead, in their privations, and have been spared in the infinite mercy of our Heavenly Father to re-visit their sepulchres after half a century of time has passed. I trust that you all may arrive safely at your homes and that until the end of life's journey you may cherish the sweet memory that the State of New York honored you with this privilege and with the satisfaction that you have done j'^our duty faithfully. Those of you who are members of the Commission, but not the survivors of the prisons, have wondered every day why such cruel sufferings were not averted by the exchange of prisoners between the Union and the Confederacy; in other words, why these faithful men had been permitted thus to perish. In a word, the explanation is this : There did exist a cartel of exchange of prisoners which was in force generally until the summer of '63, that is to say, until Gettys- burg and Vicksburg, because the number of prisoners previous to that summer was approximately the same on both sides. That cartel called for an exchange of either man for man, or all for all, and where the number was the same it was immaterial which prevailed, but after Gettysburg and Vicksburg the number greatly ANDERSONVILLE MONUMENT DEDICATION 133 increased in favor of the North. Then the Confederates at first refused to exchange man for man, as that would have left many of their soldiers in northern prisons for which the)^ held no complemen- tary numbers. Afterward, when they did favor exchange of prisoners in any manner, it was the North that refused to further carry out the cartel. Grant had paroled some 26,000 prisoners at Vicksburg and insisted upon their being counted in the exchange. Also the question of colored soldiers captured by the Confederates was a serious com- plication. However, the prevailing reason was doubtless this, that it had been discovered after two years and more of desperate conflict that there were Anglo-Saxons on both sides of the lines and the Union could never be preserved except by the exhaustion of the rebellious States. The Federal army could be recruited far easier than the Confederate, and Confederate soldiers in northern prisons were better fed, clothed and housed, and if they had been exchanged would have reinforced the Confederate armies by whole army corps or more of hale and hearty veterans, while the Union armies would have received in return the men from Belle Island, Salisbury and Andersonville, so emaciated by their privations as to be for a long period of little use in the ranks of the army. Then it was that two men rose up in our country who " Shut tiie Gates of Mercy of Mankind," broke the cartel of exchange and left the Union soldiers in the Confederate prisons to pine and perish there. Their names were Edward M. Stanton and Ulysses S. Grant, and I say that they did right; but it made every man that perished for the Union in prison a hero glorious, since his confine- ment there had put hors de combat one or more Confederate soldiers in northern prisons whose return to their army would have prolonged the war, if it had not imperiled the result; so that on a day when there were 20,000 men in Andersonville, 10,000 in Salisbury, 5,000 in Danville and 5,000 in Richmond, 40,000 Union prisoners " in durance 134 STATE OF NEW YORK vile," the day Grant entered the Wilderness and Sherman started from Atlanta to the sea, the exchange of prisoners ceased, and these 40,000 soldiers of the Union were left in their prisons — destined to suffer in silence and sublimity where no man but onh' God saw them ; where no banners waved nor cannon roared, but where the cruel " dead line " confronted them; where the bleak winds smote or blaz- ing svm scorched them ; without food, without shelter, without hope — and thus perished the noblest spirits of those who saved the Union and preserved the American republic forever. There is one further matter of which I wish to speak before I bid you farewell. You will note that day by day I have called your atten- tion to the remarkable fact that in these prison cemeteries practically all the dead were the " enlisted " men of the armies. There were no commissioned officers at all confined in Andersonville. The monu- ment, therefore, that celebrates their glory is to the enlisted soldier alone. Also, there were few, if any, commissioned officers that died in the prisons or are interred either at Danville, Salisburj-, Florence or Riclmiond. The reason, of course, as has been explained, is that the commissioned officers received better treatment and were less in number. For example: one whole regiment, the 85th N. Y., was confined in Andersonville, except the commissioned officers, who were, sent to Macon, Ga. I trust that it is not necessary to say to you that this glorifying of the enlisted men who perished in prison is not with any purpose to dis- parage or disqualify the honor of the commissioned officers in the army. It is simply a statement of fact, a glorious fact indeed for the enhsted man without reflection upon the officers who commanded him. Of course, we honor our great conmianders. Did we not pause at Richmond to pay a tribute to the greatest of them all — General Grant? And for all who led us well we have a grateful appreciation and render them every honor that is their due. Nevertheless, it is to ANDERSONVILLE MONUMENT DEDICATION 135 the glory of the enlisted man that in the prison records it was he who endm-ed all things ; he who suffered in silence ; of hunger and naked- ness; of cold and heat, with the cruel "dead line" and the cruel keeper. Thus it is to him the State has erected the monument and to him belongs the glory. A soldier when he volunteers in the service of his country knows that he may fall in battle. Often in his mind he has forecast what possibly would be his fate. He did not, however, often anticipate the sufferings of the hospitals or the privations of the prisons. He fore- saw himself in the hour of battle, rushing forward with his comi-ades by his side, the bugles blaring, the flag floating over his head, all cheering, and falling, with a thud, dead on his face on the field of battle. That was how he pictured his possible fate, but many of our comrades lived to learn that that indeed were a merciful death in com- parison to that from hunger and thirst and cold, without a friend to cheer you, without a word from home, without a thought beyond to-morrow's ration, and without a hope as days and months went wearily by, and he saw and felt the end of his strength approaching. That was the hovu" of his real sublimity and no man in all history has been the spiritual superior of this humble private soldier who went down piteously to his death in the cruel prisons which we have re-visited, and lies now for fifty years asleep in the cemeteries where we have reverently stood. Thus there remains a certain quality of unselfishness that must ever distinguish the glory of the private soldier from that of the officer who commanded him. The recruit who volunteered to serve his coun- try, provided he could be an officer or bargained that he should have a captaincy or command a regiment, sm-ely was not so unselfish a soul as he who wrote his name on the roUs of the army without regard to his rank or remuneration — a private soldier. Here, for example, is an illustration: Off Cape St. Vincent, Lord Nelson was strolling his quarter- deck, anticipating the glorious hour of victory that that day awaited 136 STATE OF NEW YORK him. Somebody is said to have heard him muttering to himself, " This day will mean for me a peerage or Westminster Abbey." lie did a glorious deed for the Anglo-Saxon race that day, and yet he was thinking of what it would mean for himself. Contrast that with Korneloff and the men who stood with him about the gun in the third bastion at Sebastopol as the last charge was forming. Listen, and you will hear him shout : " Here they come, men, here they come. We will die but we will not surrender the bastion," and up from the throats of these private soldiers, recruited from the Russian peasantry, we still hear their dying cry: " We will die huzza, we will die huzza." On came the charge. They captured the bastion, but when the smoke of battle lifted, Korneloff and all his men were dead about their gun. I do not contrast their courage with that of the famous English Admiral, who, on the morn- ing of his greatest victory, could think of his peerage or his monu- ment. Neither would I compare it to that of the plain privates in the bastion of Sebastopol, who could shout for joy that then and there they were about to die for their country — and leave their names unknown. This is the glory everywhere of the private soldier. There was once a man who had a poet's soul who immortalized this hero as the " Common Man." He was not thinking of generals or marshals, or of the men to whom wars brought emolmiients or fame, but of the grandeur of the man who sprang from the conunon people and yet became sublime, when he dipped his pencil one morning in God's sunshine and wrote these lines: These men were common men, 'tis true, Just common men like me and you; The plain man is the basic sod From which j'ou grow the derai-god. Plain common men of every day. Who left their homes to march away, And perish on a battle's plain, As common men will do again. K^ X z a o Eh o o c C C H o o E- < Z c » » » - - •» J ANDERSONVILLE MONUMENT DEDICATION 137 To lift a glaring, glazing eye. Up to a lurid stranger skv. And then to die and testifj' To all the ages, far and nigh. How great a thing it is to die. It is not only now and then You find such hearts in common men. For standing face to face with fate. The common man is always great. For men are cowards in the gloom Of their own little selfish fears. Not when the thunder steps of doom Stride down the trembling years. And in the mighty fight with fate. The common man is always great. ^Vhen we were boys, my comrades, when we girded our loins with strength and these gray hairs that have now come upon our foreheads were but a future thought, there was a day in our country when there was a sound in the air that every youth distinctly heard. It was the roll of a drum on the heights of Arlington ; it was the boom of a cannon in the harbor of Charleston; it was the voice of our country calling her sons to come and die for her. Every farmer's son dropped his plough and listened; every student in a dormitory closed his book when he heard it; every operator in a factory; every single youth in all the land heard that sound alike. Then occurred the great demarcation between man and man, which in all ages and all nations has separated those who served themselves from those who could live and die for others. So a white line of men is distinguishable in all history, the men who live not for themselves alone. Some of the youth who heard that call thought of themselves, saying, " There will be war ; we will get into some good business ; there will be wealth for those who know how to seek it ; there will be opportunity for men who will stay at home and seize it," and even so they found it. These youths had their reward. They became rich; 138 STATE OF NEW YORK the spoils of war piled into their laps; they were contractors; they were commissaries; they were investors in every line of business that resulted from the war. To-day these are the men who dwell in man- sions, who ride in equipages, who jjass in haughty self-complacency along the ways of life. Veril}', I say unto you, they had their reward. The youth who heard the call of their country and did not think only of themselves did none of these deeds. What they thought was, " Oiu" country needs us now." '\^Tiat they did was to kiss their mothers and sweethearts good-bye, to write their names upon the roll of a regiment and to march away with cheers following them down the country road or the city street. Many of them never came back. They fell in battle; they perished in hospitals and prisons; but verily I say unto you, they also had their reward. They did not get rich — you cannot get rich on $13.00 a month — but their reward was this : whether they perished in battle or hospital or prison, or whether they survived war's perils and live to this hour, the glorious memory that when their country called them they volunteered, and the sweet consciousness that is a " crown upon their heads that no man taketh from them," that though they were plain farmers' sons, yet on their bleeding hands they upbore this mighty nation to freedom and to lasting renown — these are they above whose sepulchres we have reverently stood throughout this journey and you, also, my comrades, are of them whom God has spared, despite like perils, to see this day and to share in tliis dedication. And now, farewell, a loving, a long, a last farewell. In behalf of the State of New York and the Commission who have served you, I trust, to your satisfaction, and who have been anxious for your safety and comfort, I bid you all an affectionate farewell. You will resimie your places in the trains that await you at Chatta- nooga. We will start homeward as soon as all are safely aboard and by God's favor this " pilgrimage to the shrines of patriotism " is accomplished. ALPHABETICAL LIST OF THE ENTIRE PARTY WHO ATTENDED THE DEDICATION OF THE NEW YORK STATE MONUMENT AT ANDER- SONVILLE, GEORGIA, APRIL 26 TO MAY 1, 1914 William H. Allan, Co. A, 4.7th N. Y., Pottsville, Pa. George AUen, Co. M, 7th N. Y. H. Art., Troy, N. Y. Mrs. Helen Palmer Andrus, New York City. John Angood, Co. C, 6th N. Y. Cav., Andover, N. Y. Michael Anstett, Co. I, 147th N. Y., Darien Center, N. Y. Robert E. Arnold, Co. D, 8th N. Y. Cav., Syracuse, N. Y. Gordon E. Babcock, Co. C, 85th N. Y., Scio, N. Y. Henry I. Banzett, Co. I, 57th N. Y., Brooklyn, N. Y. Mrs. Chas. L. Barnes, Newburgh, N. Y. Mrs. Chas. H Bateman, Somer\'ille, N. J. Hon. Caleb H. Baumes, Commissioner, Newburgh, N. Y. Mrs. Caleb H. Baumes, Newburgh, N. Y. John Beecher, Co. E, 14th N. Y. H. Art., Canaseraga, N. Y. Col. M. B. Birdseye, Fayetteville, N. Y. Sherlock F. Black, Co. C, 27th N. Y., Co. H. 14th N. Y. H. Art, Binghamton, N. Y. Jonathan M. Boynton, Co. F, 157th N. Y., Smyrna, N. Y. Townsend Bragaw, Co. C, 6th N. Y. Cav., Brooklyn, N. Y. Charles Brandegee, Co. A, 146th N. Y., Farmington, Conn. Freeman J. Brazeant, Co. L, 15th N. Y. Cav., Oswego, N. Y. Sylvester Brewer, Co. D, 140th N. Y., West Webster, N. Y. George R. Brown, Commissioner, Co. K, 15th N. Y. Cav., Brooklyn, N. Y. Mrs. George R. Brown, Brooklyn, N. Y. Joel A. Burdick, Co. A, 85th N. Y., Portville, N. Y. Silas G. Burdick, Commissioner, Co. C, 85th N. Y., Cuba, N. Y. John Burke, Co. D, 2nd N. Y. Cav., Noroton Heights, Conn. Henry Campbell, Brooklyn, N. Y. Luccius Campbell, Co. H, 85th N. Y., Wellsville N Y. William D. Campbell, Co. E, 25th N. Y. Cav., Columbia, Pa. James S. Carson, Co. B, 85th N. Y., Shortsville, N. Y. Mrs. David B. Carswell, Brooklyn, N. Y. 139 140 STATE OF NEW YORK Walter B. Carswell, Brooklyn, X. Y. Hon. William B. Carswell, Commissioner-Treasurer, Brooklyn, X. Y. Henry F. Clapp, Co. F, 85th N. ¥., Black Creek, N. Y. Mrs Henrietta C. Cleaver, Brooklyn, X. 'Y. John Cochran, Co. I, 7th X. Y. H. Art., Owego, X. Y. Michael Collins, Co. F, 85th N. Y., Allegany, N. Y. W. L. Conklin, Co. H and G, 8th X. Y. Cav., Brockport, N. Y. H. S. Corbin, Co. C, 85th N. Y., Belmont, X. Y. J. W. Corbin, Co. C, 85th X. Y., Franyinville, X. Y. Ira S. Crandall, Co. C, 85th N. Y., Wellsville, X. Y. Charles F. Davis, Co. E, 85th X. Y., Andover, N. Y. John W. Davis, Co. I, 120th X. Y., Jersey City, X. J. John M. Detrick, Co. K, 143rd X. Y., Port Jervis, X. Y. Fred Dezendord, Co. C, 124th X. Y., Cornwall Landing, X. Y. Ira M. Deyo, Co. B, 85th X. Y., Honeoye, N. Y. Hon. Henry W. Doll, Sergeant-at-Arms, Senate, State of Xew York, Xew York City. George L. Donellon, Xew York City. Hon. R. L. Drummond, Auburn, X. Y. Charles DuMond, Co. A, 120th X. Y., Hurley, X. Y. Richard Dunn, Co. E, 24th X. Y. Cav., Syracuse, X. Y. Mrs. John L. Durant, Xew York City. Lafayette Empey, Co. E, 146th X. Y., Camden, X. J. Major James H. Everett, 120th X. Y., Kingston, X. Y. Mrs. James H. Everett, Kingston, N. Y. Prof. Amos W. Farnham, Fulton, X. Y'. Mrs. Amos W. Farnham, Fulton, X. Y. Robert Farrell, Brooklyn, X. Y. Eugene C. Ferry, Co. I, 8th N. Y. Cav., Utica, N. Y. Samuel G. Fletcher, Co. D, 5th X. Y. H. Art., Brooklyn, X. Y. Joseph Flood, Co. F, 2nd X. Y. Cav., Mt. Kisco, X. Y\ George Flosher, Co. D, 72nd X. Y., Cleveland, O. George W. Flynn, Co. F, 85th X. Y., Buffalo, X. Y. Mrs. George W. Flynn, Buffalo, X. Y. David Ford, Lexington, N. Y. Dr. Edwin L. Ford, Co. F, 120th X. Y., Lexington, X. Y'. Rev. Isaac M. Foster, Commissioner, Co. H, 46th X. Y'., Red Hook, X. Y. Mrs. Isaac M. Foster, Red Hook, X. Y. Leon Foster, Red Hook, X. Y. Miss Mabel Foster, Red Hook, X. Y'. Henry I. Frederick, Co. B and H, 43rd X. Y., Voorheesville, X. Y. Michael Garrity, Co. D, 1st X. Y. Cav., Brooklyn, X. Y. Benedict J. Geronimo (Clerk), Jamaica, X. Y. ANDERSONVILLE MONUMENT DEDICATION 141 Maurice M. Geronimo (Assistant Clerk), Jamaica, N. Y. Miss Clara Gilbert, Greenville, Pa. Edward Gilbert, Co. K, 70th N. Y., Greenville, Pa. William J. Gilboy, Co. K and I, 19th N. Y. Cav., Batavia, N. Y. Thomas J. Glenn, Co. B, 85th N. Y., Glens Falls, N. Y. John T. Goodfellow, Co. G, 146th N. Y., E. Rochester, N. Y. Z. W. Gooding, Co. B, 85th N. Y., Belding, Mich. Warren Goodrich, Co. D, 5th N. Y. Cav., WhitehaU, N. Y. Joseph Gough, Co. D, 2nd N. Y. H. Art., Providence, R. I. Linsley M. Gould, Co. D, 140th N. Y., Rochester, N. Y. Hiram Grow, Co. C, 85th N. Y., Little Genesee, N. Y. Mrs. Hiram Grow, Little Genesee, N. Y. George W. Graves, Co. C, 21st N. Y. Cav., Syracuse, N. Y. Jesse C. Green, Co. H, 85th N. Y., Andover, N. Y. H. H. Halbert, Co. A, 43rd N. Y., Norwich, N. Y. Wilbur L. Hale, Co. I, 120th N. Y., Kingston, N. Y. B. F. Hall, Co. A, 5th N. Y. Cav., Glens Falls, N. Y. E. A. Hallbert, Norwich, N. Y. William Hallenbeck, Durham, N. Y. Hon. William Pinckney Hamilton, Commissioner, Brooklyn, N. Y. Alfred R. Hammond, Co. C, 82nd N. Y., New York City. Gustavus Hart, Co. C, 43rd N. Y., Monsey, N. Y. G. A. Hart, 120th N. Y., Kingston, N. Y. Mrs. G. A. Hart, Kingston, N. Y Joseph Hepworth, Co. L, 14th N. Y. H. Art., New York Mills, N. Y. Hon. Walter R. Herrick, Commissioner, New York City, N. Y. Henry Hewitt, Co. K, 85th N. Y., McGraw, N. Y. Frederick M. Hicks, Co. L, 5th N. Y. Cav., Rome, Pa. Hon. Harold J. Hinman, Member of Assembly, State of New York, Albany, N. Y. Mrs. Harold J. Hinman, Albany, N. Y. William H. Hisard, Co. D, 120th N. Y., West Coxsackie, N. Y. Clay W. Holmes, Elmira, N. Y. Charles A. B. Holt, Co. C, 82nd N. Y., Lyndhurst, N. J. Daniel B. Horton, Co. C, 2nd N. Y. Cav., New Haven, Conn. Charles Humphrey, Co. B, 85th N. Y., Passaic, N. J. R. D. Humphrey, Passaic, N. J. A. G. Hunt, Co. F, 22nd N. Y. Cav., Albion, N. Y. Harvey Hurlburt, Co. H, 85th N. Y., Richburg, N. Y. John A. Jones, Co. E, 85th N. Y., Angelica, N. Y. Alvia Jordan, Co. C, 85th N. Y., Friendship, N. Y. Mrs. Alvia Jordan, Friendship, N. Y. Miss Anna Kerrigan, New York City. 142 STATE OF NEW YORK James R. Kerrigan, New York City. Hon. John Kerrigan, Commissioner, New York City. Mrs. John Kerrigan, New York City. Joseph L. Killgore, Secretary, Co. D, 4th Del., Brooklyn, N. Y. Mrs. Joseph L. Killgore, Brooklyn, N. Y. Charles L. King, Co. H, ItOth N. Y., Oriskany Falls, N.Y. George Knapp, Co. G, 152nd N. Y., Susquehanna, Pa. J. C. Knapp, Co. K, 85th N. Y., Palmer, Nebr. George H. Lamb, Co. E, 168th N. Y., Co. L, 5th N. Y. Cav., Cornwall Landing, N. Y. David Lavere, Co. I, 106th N. Y., Waddington, N. Y. Martin A. Leach (Stenographer), Brooklyn, N. Y. Mrs. Martin H. Leaeh, Brooklyn, N. Y. Mrs. William J. Leigh, New York City. John Lestner, Co. H, 85th N. Y., Wellsville, N. Y. Miss Julia A. Littlefield (Nurse), Albany, N. Y. William Logan, Co. L, 8th N. Y. Cav., Rochester, N. Y. Alfred Lj'th, Co. H, 100th N. Y., Buffalo, N. Y. Mrs. Alfred Lyth, Buffalo, N. Y. Hon. Alexander Maedonald, Member of Assembly, State of New York, Regis Falls, N. Y. Mrs. Alexander Maedonald, Regis Falls, N. Y. John Mackenzie, Commissioner, Co. D, 2nd N. Y. Cav., Watervliet, N. Y. Mrs. John Mackenzie, Watervliet, N. Y. Miss Lucretia Mackenzie, Watervliet, N. Y. Hon. W. D. McKinstry, Watertown, N. Y. Mrs. W. D. McKinstry, Watertown, N. Y. John Mann, Co. A, 2nd N. Y. H. Art., Mt. Morris, N. Y. William Mann, Co. I, 2nd N. Y. H. Art., Wadsworth, N. Y. DeForest Marsters, Co. A, 85th N. Y., Sherburne, N. Y. George F. Mason, Co. A, 10th N. Y., Brooklyn, N. Y. Anson Moore, Co. G, 125th N. Y., Hampton, Va. C. S. Morris, Co. D, 85th N. Y., Garland, Pa. Charles C. Mosher, Co. B, 85th N. Y., Geneva, N. Y. Adam Mosther, Co. H, 15th N. Y., Syracuse, N. Y. Robert B. MeCully, Commissioner, Cos. F and B, 81st N. Y., Bronx, N. Y. Mrs. Robert B. IMcCully, Bronx, N. Y. Mr. Joseph McDonald, Newburgh, N. Y. Patrick McDonald, Co. I, 91st N. Y., Albany, N. Y. N. C. McElheny, Co. F, 85th N. Y., Black Creek, N. Y. Isaac McGraw, Co. A, 134th N. Y., Otsego, O. Alexander McLean, Co. A, 117th N. Y., Rochester, N. Y. ANDERSONVILLE MONUMENT DEDICATION 143 Edward A. McManus, New York City. Daniel F. Murphy, Elmira, N. Y. Hon. John F. Murtaugh, Senator, State of New York, Elmira, N. Y. John F. Murtaugh, Jr., Elmira, N. Y. John Nugent, Co. I, 91st N. Y., Albany, N. Y. Thomas O'Dea, Co. E, 16th Me., Cohoes, N. Y. Mile L. Olmstead, Co. B, 100th N. Y., Leroy, N. Y. Roman Ovenburg, Co. B, 140th N. Y., Rochester, N. Y. Hon. Abraham J. Palmer, Commissioner (Chairman), Co. D, 48th N. Y., Milton-on- Hudson, N. Y. Mrs. Abraham J. Palmer, Milton-on-Hudson, N. Y. Hon. Addison D. Parker, Watertown, N. Y. Mrs. Addison D. Parker, Watertown, N. Y. Miss Gratia Patrie, Catskill, N. Y. Hon. J. L. Patrie, Commissioner, Catskill, N. Y. Mrs. J. L. Patrie, Catskill, N. Y. Miss Clara Pattinson, Coxsackie, N. Y. Gilbert Peck, Co. D, 12Cth N. Y., Albany, N. Y. Edward Pennefeather, Co. B, 7th N. Y., Albany, N. Y. Col. Samuel C. Pierce, Commander, Dept. of N. Y., G. A. R., Rochester, N. Y. George Rafferty, Co. G, 8£nd N. Y., Paterson, N. J. John Ragan, Co. I, 100th N. Y., Binghamton, N. Y. William Ramage, Co. G, 3rd N. Y., New York City. William R. Raynor, Co. F, 82nd N. Y., New York City. Col. Henry S. Redmans, Asst. Adj.-Gen., Dept. of N. Y., G. A. R., Rochester, N. Y. George Rice, Co. L, 8th N. Y., Geneseo, N. Y. Dowain Richards, Co. A, 140th N. Y., Clarkson, N. Y. Orman Rhinevault, Co. C, 5th N. Y., Vestal Center, N. Y. James Robinson, Co. I, 146th N. Y., Albany, N. Y. Charles W. Root, Co. A, 140th N. Y., Brockport, N. Y. George W. Rugg, Co. F, 85th N. Y., Newark, Ohio. Charles Schoenbin, Co. B, 39th N. Y., Brooklyn, N. Y. Arthur T. Schoenjahn, Brooklyn, N. Y. Herman Schroeder, Co. K, 57th N. Y., West Hoboken, N. J. George Scott, Co. F, 123rd N. Y., Fort Edward, N. Y. John Sears, Co. F, 119th N. Y., Brooklyn, N. Y. Col. Franklin P. Sellers, Brooklyn, N. Y. George Shuman, 3rd Ind. B, Paterson, N. J. John Simmons, Co. C, 49th N. Y., White Plains, N. Y. James R. Sloane, New York City. Warren P. Smith, Co. A, 121st N. Y., West Coxsackie, N. Y. 144 STATE OF NEW YORK Waiard S. Smith, Co. B, UTth X. Y., Lestershire, N. Y. Theodore D. Sperry, Co. B, 140th N. Y., Rochester, N. Y. C. Edison Spicer, Adams, N. Y. Ramiro E. Spicer, Co. E, 7Gth N. Y., Adams, N. Y. George W. Steenrod, Co. C, 85th N. Y., Colwich, Kans. William Stephens, Co. H, 76th N. Y., Brooklyn, N. Y. Henry C. Stowell, Co. E., 146th N. Y., Weedsport, N. Y. Hon. Thaddeus C. Sweet, Speaker of Assembly, State of New York, Phoenix, N. Y. Mrs. Thaddeus C. Sw«et, Phoenix, N. Y. Paul Snyder, Co. G, 120th N. Y., Saugerties, N. Y. S. Hugh Taylor, Co. K, 3rd N. Y. L. Art., Auburn, N. Y. Mrs. S. Hugh Taylor, Auburn, N. Y. Daniel B. Taxter, Co. G, 7th N. Y., Tarrytown, N. Y. George M. Thorpe, Co. C, 91st N. Y., Newburgh, N. Y. William M. Tripp, Co. 5, U. S. Cav., New York City. Abram Turk, Co. M, 22nd Pro., Saugerties, N. Y. William Verrinder, Co. H, 1st N. Y. Cav., Rochelle Park, N. J. Charles W. Waage, Co. A, 47th N. Y., Brooklyn, N. Y. I. G. Walters (Photographer), Brooklyn, N. Y. Theodore Weberg, Co. C, 82nd N. Y., New York City. John F. WTieeler, Co. D, 149th N. Y., East Syracuse, N. Y. James Whitlock, Co. J, 5th N. Y., Brooklyn, N. Y. Charles E. Whitney, Co. I, 154th N. Y., Allegany, N. Y. John Williams, Co. A, 47th N. Y., Elizabeth, N. J. George Winter, Co. E, 102nd N. Y., Brooklyn, N. Y. William H. Wood, Co. A, 2nd N. Y. Cav., Roslyn, L. I. Robert J. Woodward, Co. C, 154th N. Y., FranklinviUe, N. Y. Hartman Yox, Co. F, 100th N. Y., Buffalo, N. Y. Mrs. Hartman Yox, Buffalo, N. Y. Clara Baktox at Time of Civil War REPORT BY CLARA BARTON Report of an expedition to Andersonville, Ga.,, July, 1865, for the purpose of identifying the graves and enclosing the grounds of a cemetery created there during the occupancy of that place as a prison for Union soldiers in Rebel hands. To THE People of the United States of America : HAVING by an official invitation been placed upon an expedi- tion to Andersonville for the purpose of identifying and marking the graves of the dead contained in those noted prison grounds, it is perhaps not improper that I make some report of the circumstances which induced the sending of such an expedition, its work, and the appearance, conditions and surroundings of that interesting spot, hallowed alike by the suffering of the martyred dead and the tears and prayers of those who mourn them. During a search for the missing men of the United States army, begun in March, 1865, under the sanction of our late lamented Presi- dent Lincoln, I formed the acquaintance of Dorence Atwater of Connecticut, a member of the 2d New York Cavalry, who had been a prisoner at Andersonville and Belle Isle twenty-two months, and who had been charged by the Rebel authorities with the duty of keep- ing the death register of the Union prisoners who died amid nameless cruelties of the first-named prison. By minute inquiry I learned from Mr. Atwater the method adopted in the burial of the dead, and by carefully comparing his accoimt with a draft which he had made of the grounds appropriated for this purpose by the prison authorities, I became convinced of the possibUity of identifying the graves simply by comparing the nimi- bered post or board marking each man's position in the trench in 10 145 146 STATE OF NEW YORK which he was bui'ied with the corresponding number standing against his name ujjon the register kept by Mr. Atwater, which he informed me was then in possession of the War Department. Assm-ed by the intelhgence and frankness of my informant of the entire truthfulness of his statements, I decided to impart to the officers of the Government the information I had gained, and accord- ingly brought the subject to the attention of General Hoffman, commissary-general of prisoners, asking that a party or expedition be at once sent to Andersonville for the purpose of identifying and marking the graves, and enclosing the grounds, and that Dorence Atwater with his register accompany the same as the proper person to designate and identify. The subject appeared to have been not only unlieard of, but unthought of, and from the generally prevailing impression that no care had been taken in the burial of our prisoners the idea seemed at first difficult to be entertained. But the same facts which had served to convince me presented themselves favorably to the good understanding and kind heart of General Hoffman, who took immediate steps to laj' the matter before the Hon. Secretary of War, upon whom, at his request, I called the following day and learned from him that he had heard and approved my proposition and decided to order an expedition consisting of materials and men, under charge of some Government officer, for the accomplishment of the object set forth in my request, and invited me to accompany the expedition in person, which invitation I accepted. Accordingly, on the 8th of July, the propeller Virginia, having on board fencing material, headboards, the prison records, forty work- men, clerks, and letterers, imder command of Capt. James M. Moore, A. Q. M., Dorence Atwater and myself, left Washington for Ander- sonville via Savannah, Ga., arriving at the latter place July 12th. Having waited at Savannah seven days and then resumed the journey by way of Augusta, Atlanta and Macon, the entire party reached its destination in safetv about noon on the 2oth of Julv. ANDERSONVILLE MONUMENT DEDICATION 147 We found the prison grounds, stockade, hospital sheds and the minor structures almost in the same condition in which they had been evacuated ; and care is taken to leave these historic monuments undis- turbed as long as the elements will spare them. There is not, and never was, any town or village at this place except what grew out of its military occupation. Anderson station, on the railroad from Macon to Eufala, was selected as a depot for prisoners probablj' on account of its remoteness and possible security, and the prison itself, with the buildings which sprang up around it, constituted all there was of Andersonville. The land around is broken and undulating, and at the time of the occupation was covered with forests, mostly of the long-leafed pine common to the uplands of the South. The bases of the hills are lined with cozy springs, which unite to form little rivulets, one of which winds sluggishly through each of the intervening marshy valleys. The original inclosure of nineteen acres was made in the unbroken woods, and the timber was only removed as it was wanted for the necessity of the prison. The inclosure was made in January, 1864, and enlarged during the summer to 25% acres, being a quadrangle of 1,295 by 865 feet. The greatest length is from north to south, the ground rising from the middle toward each end in rather a steep, rounded hill, the northern one being at once the highest and of the greatest extent. A small stream, rising from springs a little to the westward, flows across it through a narrow valley filled with a com- post washed down by the rains. The enclosing stockade is formed of pine logs, twenty feet in length and about eight inches in diameter, sunk five feet in the ground, and placed close together. This is again surrounded by two successive and precisely similar palisades, a portion of the last of which is gone. It seems never to have been completed. Two inner walls remain entire. Within the interior space, at a distance of about seventeen feet from the stockade, runs the famous " dead line " marked by small posts set in the ground and 148 STATE OF NEW YORK a slight strip of pine boards set on the top of them. The gates, of whieh there are two, situated on the west side, were continuations of the stockade, inclosing spaces of thirty feet square, more or less, with massive doors at either end. They were arranged and worked on the principle of canal locks. Upon the inner stockade were fifty-two sentry boxes, raised above the tops of the palisades and accessible to the guards by ladders. In these stood fifty-two guards with loaded arms, so near that they could converse with each other. In addition to these, seven forts mounted with field artillery com- manded the fatal space and its masses of perishing men. Under the most favorable circumstances and best possible manage- ment, the supply of water would have been insufficient for half the number of persons who had to use it. The existing arrangements must have aggravated the evil to the utmost extent. The sole estab- lislmients for cooking and baking were placed on the bank of the stream inmiediately above and between the two inner lines of stockade. The grease and refuse from them were found adhering to the banks at the time of our visit. The guards, to the number of about 3,600, were principally encamped on the upper part of the stream, and when the heavy rains washed down the hillsides covered with 30,000 human beings, and the outlet below failed to discharge the flood which backed and filled the valley, the water must have become so foul and loath- some that every statement I have seen of its offensiveness must be con- sidered as falling short of the reality. And yet within rifle shot of the prison flowed a stream fifteen feet wide and three deep of pure, delicious water. Had the prison been so placed as to include a section of the " Sweet Water Creek " the imnates might have drank and bathed to their hearts content. During the occupation a beautiful spring broke out, like the waters of JVIeribah, from the solid ground near the foot of the north slope, just under the western dead line. It is still there, cool and clear, the only pleasing object in this horrid place. ANDERSONVILLE MONUMENT DEDICATION 149 The scarcity of water, the want of occupation, and perhaps the desire to escape by tunneUing, imijelled the prisoners to dig wells. Forty of these, finished and unfinished, remain, those on the highest ground being sunk in the hard soil to the depth of eighty feet. The work was done with knives, spoons, sticks, and other tools but little better. The diggers brought up the earth in their pockets and blouses and sprinkled it about the ground to conceal the quantity. In some wells, excellent water was reached, and in others horizontal gal- leries were attempted for escape. In at least one instance a tunnel was carried through the hill and a few prisoners are said to have got through. The steep face of the northern hill is burrowed throughout its whole extent. The little caves are scooped out and arched in the form of ovens, floored, ceiled and Strengthened, so far as the owners had means, with sticks and pieces of boards, and some of them are pro- vided with fireplaces and chimneys. It would seem that there were cases during long rains where the house would become the grave of its owner by falling in upon him during the night. In these burrows are still found remnants of wretched food and rude utensils of the occupants — drinking cups made of sections of horns, platters and spoons wi'ought from parts of old canteens, kettles and pans made without solder from stray pieces of old tin or sheet iron. I brought away a considerable nmnber of these articles, which may some day be of interest to the curious. Five sheds stand on the top of the northern hill, erected in the early part of the occupation, and five more on the opposite height, built a short time before the evacuation. Like nearly all southern land, the land is liable to be washed away by the rains, and on the slopes of the hills ravines are now formed, gullied to the depth of twelve feet. It seems impossible that men could have kept their footing on these hillsides when slippery with rain. 150 STATE OF NEW YORK Outside the inclosui'e and nearly parallel with its south end is the hospital stockade, 800 feet by .SoO. It contains twenty-two sheds, for the most part without sides, erected about three months before the place was abandoned. The old hospital, occupied up to that time, in which so many brave men died, consisted only of tents inclosed by a board fence and surrounded by a guard. Confused heaps of rub- bish alone mark the place it occupied. About half a mile from the main prison, and near Anderson sta- tion, is the officers' stockade, a small inclosure in which were never imprisoned more than 250 officers, and it was chiefly used for the confinement of Rebel offenders. The cemetery, around which the chief interest must gather, is distant about 300 yards from the stockade in a northwesterly direc- tion. The graves, placed side by side in close continuous rows, cover nine acres, divided into three imequal lots by two roads which inter- sect each other nearly at right angles. The fourth space is still unoc- cupied, except by a few graves of " Confederate soldiers." 'No human bodies were found exposed and none were removed. The place was found in much better condition than had been antici- pated, owing to "the excellent measures taken by Major-General Wilson, commanding at Macon, and a humane, public-spirited citizen of Fort Valley, Ga., a ^Ir. Griffen, who, in passing on the railroad, was informed by one of the ever-faithful negroes that the bodies were becoming exposed and were rooted up bj' animals. Having verified this statement, he collected a few negroes, sunk the exposed bodies and covered them to a proper depth. He then reported the facts to General Wilson, and requested authority to take steps for protecting the grounds. That patriotic officer visited Andersonville in person, appointed Mr. Grifi^en temporary superintendent and gave him such limited facilities as could be furnished in that destitute country. It was determined to inclose a square of fifty acres; and at the time of our arrival the fence Avas nearly one-third built from old lumber found ANDERSONVILLE MONUMENT DEDICATION 151 about the place. He had also erected a brick kiln and was manufac- turing brick for drains to conduct the water away from the graves and protect and strengthen the soil against the action of heavy rains. We found Mr. Griffen with a force of about twenty negroes and a few mules at work upon the ground. I have understood that that gentleman furnished the labor at his own cost, while General Wilson issued the necessary rations. The part performed by our party was to take up and carry for- ward the work so well begun. An additional force was obtained from the military commandant at Macon for completing the enclos- ui'e and erecting the headboards. It seems that the dead had been buried by Union prisoners, paroled from the hospital and stockade for that purpose. Successive trenches, capable of containing from 100 to 150 bodies each, thickly set with little posts or boards, with numbers in regular order carved upon them, told to the astonished and tear-dimmed eye the sad story of buried treasures. It was only necessary to compare the nimiber on each post or board with that which stands opposite the name on the register and replace the whole with a more substantial, uniform and comely tablet, bearing not only the original number, but the name, company and regiment and date of death of the soldier who slept beneath. I have been repeatedly assured by prisoners that great care was taken at the time by the men to whom fell the sad task of originally marking this astonishing number of graves to perform the work with faithfulness and accuracy. If it shall prove that the work performed by those who followed, under circumstances so much more favorable, was executed with less faithfulness and accm-acy than the former, it will be a subject of much regret — but fortunately not j'et beyond the possibility of correction. The nmnber of graves marked is 12,920. The original records, captured by General Wilson, furnished about 10,500 ; but as one book of the record had not been secured, over 2,000 names were supplied from a copy (of his own record) made by Mr. 152 STATE OF NEW YORK Atwater in the Andersonville prison and brought by him to Annapolis on his return with the paroled prisoners. Interspersed throughout this Death Register were 400 numbers against which stood the dark word, " UNKNOWN." So, scattered among the thickly designated graves, stand 400 tablets, bearing only the number and the touching inscription, " UNKNOWN UNION SOLDIER." Substantially, nothing was attempted beyond inclosing the grounds, identifying the gi'aves and marking them, placing appro- priate mottoes at the gates and along the spaces designed for walks and erecting a flag-staff in the center of the cemetery. The work was completed on the 17th of August, and the party took the route homeward by the way of Chattanooga, Nashville and Cincinnati, arriving at Washington on the morning of August 24th. The health of the party during the expedition was remarkablj- good, when the season of the year, the fatigue and the want of cus- tomary accommodations are taken into consideration. Cases of slight chills and fever were not infrequent; but during the entire time we had only one case of severe illness, and that, to our grief, terminated fatally. Edward Watts of Georgetown, D. C, a clerk in the Quarter- master's Department, in this city, sickened of typhoid fever during the passage up the Savannah river, and died on the 10th day of August. His remains were taken home to his friends. Mr. Watts was a young man of education and refinement and of the highest type of moral and religious character; he suffered patiently, and died nobly and well. I have thought that he might be regarded as the last martyr of Andersonville. The future of this historic spot cannot fail to constitute a subject of deep and abiding interest to the people of this entire country, and it would seem fitting that it should be preserved as one of the sanctu- aries of the nation, and in due time decorated with appropriate honors. Its susceptibility of internal improvement is very great ANDERSONVILLE MONUMENT DEDICATION 153 Water can be had for irrigation, and the climate will produce nearly all the flora of the temperate zone. Both national gratitude and personal affection will suggest the erection of a suitable monument within the cemetery, where, if desirable, may be preserved in durable form the names of the martyrs who sleep around. And as the land on which these interesting associations are clustered is still the prop- erty of private individuals, never having passed from the hands of the original owners, it would seem desirable that the cemetery at least, and its immediate surroundings, become the property of the nation. A mile square will embrace all points of general and historic interest. There are numerous smaller burial-places in the State of Georgia, which, from their seeming lesser importance, will scarcely be kept up as national cemeteries, and in reference to which, without ventur- ing to suggest, I would merely remark that the fifty acres inclosed at Andersonville would afford ample space for all whom it might ever be deemed advisable to remove to that point. During the occupation of Andersonville as a prison it was a pun- ishable offense for a colored man or woman to feed, shelter, aid, or even converse with the prisoners on parole. To others they had no access. I have been informed that they were not allowed about the prison grounds; and so great was their superstitious horror of the cruelties perpetrated upon the prisoners that only a comparatively small number had ever found the courage to visit the cemetery up to the time of our arrival. But the presence of so many northern people on such an errand, and especially a lady, entirely overcame their fears, and they visited the cemetery and myself by scores, men, women and children, sometimes a hundred in a day. It was no uncommon occurrence, upon opening up my tent in the morning, to find a group standing in front of it who had walked fifteen or twentj' miles to see the " Yankee Lady," and ask her " if it were true that Abraham Lincoln was dead, and they were free," and " how Massa 154 STATE OF NEW YORK Lincoln's great paper read," and " what they ought to do," and tell her how the " poor Yankee prisoners " ran before the dogs " like us " and they could not have saved them — starved, and they could not feed them — died, and they could not see them. Remember, mothers, that the pitying tear of the old-time slave, whom your son helped to freedom, is the only tear that falls upon his distant grave to-day. I have endeavored to point out to you, as faithfully as I am able, the various objects of interest, painful or otherwise, which presented themselves to my observation during the time occupied in the work of the expedition ; and while I would not dwell upon the terribleness of the sufferings imposed upon om- prisoners, nor stir the hearts already sunk in grief to deeper woe, still we owe it alike to the living and the dead that a proper knowledge and a realization of the miseries which they endured be entertained by all. We are wont to attribute their chief suffering to the insufficiency of food, and while this is probably just, still, to the mind of one who has looked over the scanty, shelterless, pitiful spot of earth to which they were confined, and taken into consideration the numberless trials which must have grown out of the privation of space and necessary conveniences of life, the conviction will force itself that these latter woes fell but little short of the former. It is to be remembered that dm-ing thirteen long months they knew neither shelter or protection from the changeable skies above or the pitiless, imfeeling earth beneath. The treacherous nature of the soil, parcliing to seams in the sun, and gullying and sliding under their feet with every shower, must have augmented their ills almost beyond conception. I watched the eflPect of a heavy fall of rain upon the enclosed grounds, and in thirty minutes the entire hill sides, which had constituted their sole abiding place, were one rolling mass of slippery mud, and this the effect of a mere summer shower. "WHiat of the continued rains of autumn? Think of thirty thousand men penned in by a close stockade of ANDERSONVILLE MONUMENT DEDICATION 155 twenty-six acres of ground, from which every tree and shrub had been uprooted for fuel to cook their scanty food, huddled, like cattle, without shelter or blanket, half-clad and hungry, with dreary night settling in, after a day of autumn rain. The hill tops would not hold them all, the valley was filled with the swollen brook; seventeen feet from the stockade ran the fatal dead line, beyond which no man might step and live. What did they do? I need not ask, " "Wliere did they go?" for on the face of the whole green earth there was no place but this for them. But where did they place themselves? How did they live? Aye, how did they die? But this is only one feature of their suiFering, and perhaps the lightest. Of the long dazzling months when gaunt famine stalked at noonday and pestilence walked by night, and upon the seamed and parching earth the cooling rains fell not, I will not trust me to speak. I scarce dare think. If my heart were strong enough to draw the picture, there are thousands upon thousands all through our land too crushed and sore to look upon it. But after this, whenever any man who has lain a prisoner within the stockade at Andersonville would tell you of his sufferings, how he fainted, scorched, drenched, hungered, sickened, was scoffed at, scourged, hunted and persecuted, though the tale be long and twice told, as you would have your own wrongs appreciated, your own woes pitied, your own cries for mercj^ heard, I charge you to listen and believe him. However definitely he may have spoken, know that he has not told you all. However strong he may have outlined, or deeply he may have colored his picture, know that the reality calls for a better light and a nearer view than your clouded distant gaze will ever get. And your sympathies need not be confined to Andersonville, while similar horrors glared in the sunny light and spotted the flower-girt garden fields of that whole desperate, misguided and bewildered people. Wherever stretched the form of a Union prisoner, there arose the signal for cruelty and the cry of agony, and there, day by day, grew the skeleton graves of the nameless dead. 156 STATE OF NEW YORK But, braving and enduring all this, some thousands have returned to you. And you will bear with me, and these noble men will pardon me, while in conclusion, I speak one word of them. The unparalleled severities of our four years' campaigns have told upon the constitutional strength even of the fortunate soldier who alone marched to the music of the Union, and slept only beneath the folds of the flag for which he fought. But they whom fickle for- tune left to crouch at the foot of the shadowless palmetto, and listen to the hissing of the serpent, drank still deeper of the unhealthful draught. These men bear with them the seeds of disease and death, sown in that fatal clime and ripening for an early harvest. With occasional exceptions, thej^ will prove to be short-lived and enfeebled men, and whether they ask it or not, will deserve at your hands no ordinary share of kindly consideration. The survivor of a Rebel prison has endured and suffered what you never can, and what, I pray God, your children may never have to. With loss of strength, and more of sad and bitter memories, he is with you now, to earn the food so long denied him. If he ask " leave of toil " give it to him before it is too late; if he need kindness and encouragement, bestow them freely, wliile you may ; if he seek charity at your hands remem- ber that " the poor you have always with you " but him you have not always, and withliold it not. If hereafter you find them making organized effort to provide for the widow and the orphan of the Union soldier, remember it grew out of the heart sympathy which clusters around the memories of the comrades who perished at their side, and a well-grounded ajiprehension for the future of their own, and aid them. In conclusion, tremulously, lest I assume too much, let me has- ten to commend to the grateful consideration of this noble, generous people alike the soldier who has given his strength, the prisoner who has sacrificed his health, the widow who has offered up her husband, the orphan who knows only that its father went out to the battle and ANDERSONVILLE MONUMENT DEDICATION 157 comes no more forever, and the lonely distant gi-ave of the martyr, who sleeps alone in the stranger soil, that freedom and peace might come to ours. One word of explanation, in conclusion, and I have done. You have long and justly felt that some report of this expedition, embrac- ing a record of the graves identified and reclaimed, was your due. And three thousand letters addressed to me upon the subject have revealed only too plainly and painfully the bitter anxiety with which you have watched and waited. A mere report, unaccompanied by the " record," seemed but a hollow mockery, which I would not impose upon you, and this is my first opportunity for such accompaniment. For the record of your dead you are indebted to the forethought, courage and perseverance of Dorence Atwater, a young man not yet twenty-one years of age; an orphan, four years a soldier, one-tenth part of his whole life a prisoner, with broken health and ruined hopes, he seeks to present for your acceptance the sad gift he has in store for you; and, grateful for the opportunity, I hasten to place beside it this humble report, whose only merit is its truthfulness, and beg you to accept it in the spirit of kindness in which it is offered. CLARA BARTON. DORENCE AT WATER By His Brother, Hon, Francis Atwater, Neav Haven, Conn. AMONG the many private soldiers who by some gallant deed, or worthy act, have won for themselves a place in the his- toric record of their country, perhaps there is not one to whom as many thousand hearts thi'oughout the entire land would so gratefully accord the page, and so lovingly embellish it with " immortelles," glistening with the tear drops of sad and tender memories, as the young soldier whose name stands at the head of this sketch — and a type of whose noble, and, it would almost seem, inspired work, follows it. Dorence Atwater, the son of Henry and Catherine Ferm Atwater, was born at Terryville, Litchfield county. Conn., February 8, 1845, being the third in a family of eight children. Inheriting from his mother an exceedingly active temperament, and from his father — who, though a mason by profession, was also a successful school teacher and justice of the peace — a rare degree of intelligence, integrity, and the early foundation for a good educa- tion, Dorence started in at the age of fourteen as clerk in a store and post-office, which position he occupied until August, 1861, when, at the age of sixteen, he enlisted in the Connecticut squadron which helped to form the famous regiment of Harris Light Cavalry, com- manded by Colonel, afterward General, Kilpatrick. A soldier from choice, a bold rider, and knowing little of fear, it is natural to con- clude that Atwater was never happier than when dashing into Rich- mond with Kilpatrick on his brilliant raid of May, 1862. But there was destined to come a day when he would enter the Rebel capital under circumstances less exhilarating, as a few days subsequent to 159 160 STATE OF NEW YORK the battle of Gettysburg, wliile bearing despatches to his general — with the last home letter in his pocket which brought the intelligence of the sudden death of his mother — he was captured and taken a prisoner to Ricliniond and Belle Isle. This was the beginning of misfortunes, the shadow of which, up to the end of his life, was never quite lifted from his pathway. After five months of suffering and illness in Belle Isle, at the intercession of the adjutant of his regiment, also a captive in Rich- mond, and whose regimental clerk Atwater had been, he was taken to Riclimond and detailed to take account of the supplies sent by the U. S. Government to its own men suffering in Rebel prisons. Holding this position for some weeks, he was, in February, 1864, sent with the first detachment of prisoners to Andersonville. From the shelterless " stockade " in midwinter, to the scarcely better pro- tected " old hospital " outside — three months more of fever, scurvj', and starvation, and again he was detailed to the Rebel surgeon's office and set to keep the daily death record of his comrades, the Union prisoners, as score by score thej' perished by his side. He was now nineteen, and though wasted to a skeleton, naturally active and faithful, a clerk of no ordinary skill and experience, rendered thoughtful by suffering, tender by affliction, it would seem that he had been providentially fitted for the great work given him to do. With a degree of judgment and forethought which would have done credit to a man of twice his years, he appears to have measured his task and comprehended its importance at the outset and directed every energy of both mind and body to its faithful accomplishment. Day by day, he watched the long trenches fill with the naked skeleton forms of the once sturdy Union blue — the pride of the American armies — and day by day he traced on the great brown pages of his Confederate sheet record tlie last and all that was ever to be known of the brave dead sleepers in their crowded, coffinless beds — the name, company, regiment, disease, date of death, and number of grave. ■^^>h^^' DORENCE AtWATER ANDERSONVILLE MONUMENT DEDICATION 161 Five more weary months of this; but when, in September, he found himself registering a hundred names a day, and saw seven- tenths of them followed by the word " scorbutus " — for although midsummer in a country teeming with vegetation, no green thing had been permitted to find its way inside that deadly palisade — Atwater came to the conclusion that a record which told so fearful a tale of wilful cruelty or design against the perpetrators would never be per- mitted to exist and pass into history; but that, in any case, whichso- ever side might ultimately succeed, southern pride would compel the destruction of that record, and with it must pass forever from the page of the earth the last authentic information, in a majority of instances the last trace, of the fate of every man who perished in " Andersonville," leaving only anxiety, distress, the agony of sus- pense, and the darkness of oblivion to the thousands upon thousands of waiting mourners throughout the North. The loving memories of his own mother, whose last words had been of her soldier boys, clung tenderly about his heart, and his soul yearned for some means by which to save the thousands of other mothers from this needless agony of uncertainty worse than death, and he decided upon commencing a duplicate of his own record, upon separate sheets of paper which he managed to abstract, even going back of himself and gleaning all that he could of the first three months while he lay in stockade and hospital. Bringing his duplicate up to date in October, and concealing it from all eyes, both friend and foe, from that time he kept both his secret and his double record as he had at first kept the one, with little expectation of living to bring it away himself, but hoping that he might be enabled to pass it into the hands of some stronger comrade who could get it through our lines. In February, 1865, it was decided to remove the prisoners from Andersonville to the region of Columbia, S. C, and Atwater, with a guard, was ordered to precede the main body and make ready his papers and records for the registry of the incoming dead. He left 11 162 STATE OF NEW YORK Andersonville on the 20th of February with his duphcate record con- cealed about his person, but before the journey was completed they were met by the news of the capture of Columbia by General Sher- man; the destination was changed and Atwater was hurried away to Salisbury. Two days after his arrival came the earliest order for exchange and he chanced to be among the first 10,000 paroled at Wilmington. The middle of March, '65, found our boy captive of twenty-two months a paroled prisoner at Annapolis, with his record of the 13,000 dead of Andersonville, while as many thousand homes were slirouded in darkness, as many thousand families waited in agonized suspense for the unveiling of its fearful mysteries. So far, the boy's prophecies were proven and his sad dream realized, he had not miscalculated the terrible anxiety of the public, and chafed under his parole for liberty to give up his record to the people for whom alone he had kept it. Then comes the story of his trouble with the Government, which had learned of his great work. At the time of his release from Ander- sonville, he had served twenty-two months since his capture. He went to his home in Terrj'ville, Conn., a skeleton of his former self. He was taken down with diphtheria and lay at the point of death, but soon rallied, and before he had fully recuperated, had been summoned to Washington. His precious rolls were demanded for Government use, and, while he was anxious to publish them for the benefit of relatives and friends of the Andersonville victims, under threats of confiscation he consented his names should be copied. He then enlisted in the general service, U. S. A., and was detailed as a clerk in one of the departments at Washington. The Goverrmient had copied his rolls but refused to return them. In July, 1865, he informed Secretary Stanton he could identify all of the graves at Andersonville if the work were undertaken immedi- ateh'. The Secretary of War ordered the work performed and detailed Captain Moore and forty others, including Dorence, to go to ANDERSONVILLE MONUMENT DEDICATION 163 Andersonville at once. Included in the party was Clara Barton, one of the world's greatest benefactors. The original rolls were also taken. Headboards were erected to the 13,000 martyrs and the party returned. Shortly after, the rolls were missed. No one knew where they were until Dorence was questioned when he promptly answered he had taken his property where he could find it, which he said the law allowed a man to do. He was told he could have twenty- four hours to return his rolls, but he said he was determined to keep them. He was then and there arrested, placed in the old capitol prison; was tried by court-martial and adjudged guilty, whereupon he was sent to Auburn State prison to serve at hard labor for eighteen months, fined $300, and to stand committed until the rolls were returned. He possessed the old Kentish spirit of never being con- quered. In irons he was taken from Washington to Auburn, where he served for two months, when he was discharged without the formality of a pardon. This came about because Secretary Stanton feared Gen. B. F. Butler was about to start an investigation which was demanded by newspapers all over the country, the most persistent of which was the New York Tribune. Upon the release of Dorence, his rolls were taken from their hiding-place, put in alphabetical order, and 25,000 copies printed by the Tribune Association and placed on the book- stands all over the country before the Government knew what was being done. He was now in his twenty-fii-st year, broken down in health, a vic- tim of both the South and the North, and although he had been cruelly and unjustly punished so far as the Government was con- cerned, he was simply a discharged convict, released without the grace of a pardon. The Government recognized this in a slight way by giving him a consulship in the far-off Seychelles Islands, and later transferred him to the Society Islands in the South Pacific, where he served faithfully for twenty-six years. A few years ago the court- 164 STATE OF NEW YORK martial was set aside by Congress and he was given back the good name that should never have been taken awaj'; but, so far as com- pensation goes, he never was given anything in recognition of his great service, nor was he even allowed a pension. Do you wonder, years later, that in one of his letters he should remark, " The word soldier makes me mad, while the sight of a uni- form makes me froth at the mouth." His self-imposed task, however, is appreciated by those whose loved ones rest at Andersonville, for they, at least, have the satisfaction of knowing the fate that befell them, that their graves have been preserved and identified, and in personal letters Dorence was given the thanks of those who valued his information. In all the intervening years he went on with his life work, uncomplaining, extending the good hand of fellowship, and when death came he went to sleep with a smile, just as forgiving as when he said his prayers at his mother's knee. THE DEAD AT ANDERSONVILLE Introduction by Dorence Atwater To the Sxjrviving Relatives and Friends of the Martyred " Dead " at Andersonville, Ga. : THIS record was originally copied for you because I feared that neither you nor the Government of the United States would ever otherwise learn the fate of your loved ones whom I saw daily dying before me. I could do nothing for them, but I resolved that I would at least try and let you sometime know when and how they died. This, at least, I am now able to do. So many conflicting rumors have been in circulation in regard to these rolls and myself, that I deem it prudent to give a brief state- ment of my entire connection with this DEATH REGISTER, and to show how and why it was so long withheld from you. On the 7th da}" of July, 1863, I was taken prisoner near Hagers- town, Md., and taken to Belle Island, Richmond, Va., via Staunton, where I remained five months. I then went to Smith's tobacco fac- tory, Riclimond, where I kept the account of supplies received from our Government and issued to Federal prisoners of war. In the latter part of Februarj", 1864, I was sent to Andersonville with a squad of four hundred other prisoners from Belle Island, arriving there on the first day of March. I remained inside the stockade until the mid- dle of May, when I was sent to the hospital. On the 15th of June I was paroled and detailed as a clerk in Surgeon J. H. White's office to keep the daily record of deaths of all Federal prisoners of war. I also made monthlj^ and quarterly abstracts of the deaths; the latter one was said to be for the Federal Government, which I have since learned was never received. 165 166 STATE OF NEW YORK The appalling mortality was such that I suspected that it was the design of the Rebel Government to kill and maim our prisoners by- exposure and starvation so that they would forever be totallj' unfit for military service and that they withheld these facts. Accordingly, in the latter part of August, 1864, I began to secretly copy the entire list of oui' dead, which I succeeded in doing, and brought it safely tlu-ough the lines with me in 1865. Arriving at Camp Parole, at Annapolis, Md., I learned that I could not get a furlough on account of my term of service having expired some seven months before. I immediately WTote to the Secretary of War, asking for a furlough of thirty days, for the purpose of having my DEATH REGISTER published for the relief of the many thousand anxious in regard to the fate of their dead. Before an answer could have returned I received a fm-lough from the commandant of the camp. I then went to my home in Terryville, Conn., where I was taken sick the next day after my arrival, which confined me for three weeks. On the 12th of April, I received a telegram from the War Department, requesting me to come immediately to Washington and bring my rolls, and, if they were found acceptable, I should be suitably rewarded. I started the next day for Washington. Arriving there I went to the War Department and learned that the person (Colonel Breck) with whom I was to make arrangements was absent at the Fort Sumter celebration. I left my rolls with the chief clerk for safe keeping. In a day or two Colonel Breck returned and he informed me that the Secretary of War had authorized him to pay me three hundred dollars ($300) for the rolls. I told him I did not wish to sell the rolls, that they ought to be published for the benefit of the friends of the dead for whom chiefly they had been copied. He told me that if I went to publish them the Government would confiscate them, that I could have until 9 o'clock the next morning to decide whether I would take the tliree hundred dollars or not. The rolls were then in his possession. I told him if I could have a clerkship in the department, which he had ANDERSONVILLE MONUMENT DEDICATION 167 described to me, three hundred dollars, and the rolls back as soon as copied, I should consider it satisfactory. To this he agreed. He then informed me that it would be necessary for me to enlist in the general service in order to get the clerkship. To this I objected, but in no other way was it available, and I accepted. I was mustered out of my origi- nal enlistment and given permission to visit home and return for duty by the 1st of June. While in New York in the latter part of May, I telegraphed Colonel Breck, asking if my rolls were copied, to which I received a reply, " Not yet." Soon after my arrival in Washington in June, I called on Colonel Brack and asked the privilege of taking sheets of my rolls out after business hours to copy and return them the next morning. He said he would have to ask General Townsend's consent. I again met him in a few days; he told me he had been unable to see General Town- send. I then wrote to Colonel Breck asking if he did or did not intend to return my rolls, that I had promised that the rolls should be published for the benefit of the friends of the deceased. He returned my letter endorsed as follows : "I have fully explained the matter to General Townsend and he says the rolls shall not be copied for any traffic whatever." I had never spoken of trafficking in them ; I only wished to give them to the people for whom I had copied them at some personal risk. Nothing more was said about the rolls until after my return from Andersonville in August. Miss Clara Barton of Washington, D. C, upon learning the con- dition of the cemetery at Andersonville, and that the graves could be identified, had reported the facts to the Secretary of War, who ordered the necessary arrangements to be made for marking the graves. A party charged with this duty left Washington on the 8th day of July, consisting of Miss Clara Barton, Capt. J. M. Moore, myself, and forty-two letterers, painters and clerks, arriving in Andersonville on the 25th day of July. 168 STATE OF NEW YORK Before leaving AVashington it was found that the original regis- ter, captured by General Wilson, was deficient in one book contain- ing about twenty-four hundred names, and my rolls were sent to sup- ply this deficiency. The original was also found blurred and imperfect in many places, through want of care, and my rolls were fre- quently in the hands of all who had occasion to consult them and so came into my hands in the course of duty. They had been copied at Washington, according to my agreement with Colonel Breck, and were mine, and lawfully in mj' possession. I proposed to retain them and give them to you as soon as I could. I did not propose to injure any one, to do anything unlawful or improper with them, much less to traffic or speculate on the information they contained, but I did retain them. AMien the originals were needed in the Wirz trial at Washington, they and my copy were in my tent ^shen the messen- ger arrived in Andersonville. He took the original and left my copy. AAHien we started home I placed these rolls with my other prop- erty in my trimk and brought them to Washington. Upon my arrival I reported to Colonel Breck at the War Department. He asked me if I knew where my rolls were. I said, " I have them ; will you allow me to keep them, now you have them copied here." He told me, " We miglit as well come to an understanding about these rolls. This is the last conversation we shall have about them : if you >vill pay back three hundred dollars j^ou can keep the rolls, otherwise you must retui-n them." I asked him " if he did not agi'ce to give them back when copied ; " he said, " Yes, but you were going to set yourself up in business by publisliing them, and we do not consider ourselves held to our agreement." I told hini, " I had a right to pub- lish them ( if he called that setting mj'self up in business ) and it was my duty to do so." I then turned to leave, intending to see Secretary Stanton. He said: " I infer you do not intend to give up the rolls." I said : " Xot yet ; I must go further to see about them." He said : " You will go to the 'old Capitol ' if j'ou do not give them up," and > z o cc K H Q Z B Z O ANDERSONVILLE MONUMENT DEDICATION 169 then sent for a guard and had me arrested. My room and trunk were searched, but the rolls could not be found. I was then put in the guardliouse for two days and then transferred to the " old Capitol Prison," and in a few daj^s I was arraigned and tried by court-martial on the following charges and specifications: Charge 1. Conduct prejudicial to good military discipline. Charge 2. Larceny. Specifications: In this that private Dorence Atwater, of the general service of the United States Army, did seize and unlawfully take from the tent or quarters of J. M. Moore, Assistant Quarter- master, U. S. Ai'my, certain property of the United States then and there in the proper charge and custody of the said Captain J. M. Moore, to wit: a certain document, consisting of a list, written upon about twenty-four sheeets of paper, of Federal prisoners of war who had died at Andersonville, Ga., the same having been prepared by the said Atwater while a prisoner of war at said Andersonville, and sold and disposed of by him to the United States for the sum and price of three hundred dollars, and did appropriate and retain the said prop- erty to his own use. This at Andersonville, Ga., on or about the 16th day of August, 1865. I was convicted and sentenced as follows : " To be dishonorably discharged from the United States service, with loss of all pay and allowances now due; to pay a fine of three hundred dollars; to be confined at hard labor for the period of eighteen months, at such place as the Secretary of War may direct; to furnish to the War Depart- ment the property specified in the second specification as the prop- erty stolen from Captain J. M. IMoore, and stand committed at hard labor until the said fine is paid and the said stolen property is fur- nished to the War Department." On the 26th day of September I arrived at Auburn State prison, New York, where I remained over two months at hard labor, when I was released under a general pardon of the President of the United States. 170 STATE OF NEW YORK I reached New Haven, Conn., on the following day, and learned that the record had not been furnished you. I immediately set about preparing it for publication and have arranged to have it printed and placed within your reach at the cost of the labor of printing and material, having no means by which to defray these expenses myself. I regret that you have waited so long for information of so much interest to you. DORENCE ATWATER. LIST OF SOLDIERS CREDITED TO THE STATE OF NEW YORK BURIED IN THE ANDERSONVILLE, GA., NATIONAL CEMETERY, AS THEY APPEAR ON BURIAL REGISTER CORRECTED TO DATE, FEBRUARY 18, 1914 No. 2038 3141 •1719 8001 6i 8497 6467 8559 3226 6575 1700 4383 12397 3349 13005 846 7062 6698 7007 1755 11389 11212 3293 12452 5569 5844 11479 Name Abbey, Orange Cpl. Co. (Ad. G. N. Y. Abbey, William H Pvt. Co. Abel, Charles Pvt. Co. Ackerman, Martin Pvt. Co. Ackhert, David F Pvt. Co. (Ad. G. N. Y. Adams, Hiram Pvt. Co. Adams, Octave Pvt. Co. Adams, Sharp Sgt. Co. Adams, Thomas R Pvt. Co. Adamy, Francis S Pvt. Co. Ades, Edward Pvt. Co. Ahem, Daniel Pvt. Co. Akay, Peter Pvt. Co. Akin, John W Pvt. Co. Alban, W Organization H, 154, N. Y. Inf June says "Orange J. Abbey.") E, 85, N. Y. Inf June C, 15, N. Y. Art Aug. L, 7, N. Y. Art Sept. A, 80, N. Y. Inf Mch. says " David F. Ackert.") G, 98, N. Y. Inf Sept. C, 61, N. Y. Inf Aug. G, 100, N. Y. Inf Sept. H, 85, N. Y. Inf July K, 85, N. Y. Inf Aug. C, 8, N. Y. Cav June F, 170, N. Y. Inf. . . . July E, 140, N. Y. Inf.... Jan. H, 85, N. Y. Inf July Died Catise 16, 1864.. A. Diarrhoea 18, 1864.. , C. Diarrhoea 4, 1864. , , Diarrhoea 6, 1864. . Diarrhoea 19, 1864. . . Pleuritis 11, 1864. . Scorbutus 23, 1864., . Diarrhoea 13, 1864.. Scorbutus ^'^, 1864.. 1864., 23, . Diarrhoea 7, 1864. , . Debilitis 31, 1864.. , Diarrhoea 5. 1865., . Scorbutus 15, 1864. . Pneumonia (Headstone marked " N. Y." Ad. G. N. Y. says "Not found.") Albert, George Pvt. Co. F, 52, N. Y. Inf May 3, 1864.. Wounds Albinson, Joseph Pvt. Co. C, 42, N. Y. Inf Aug. 28, 1864.. Diarrhoea (Ad. G. N. Y. says "Joseph Abbinson, also served in 59, & 83, Inf.") Alburty, William C Pvt. 24, N. Y. Ind. Battery... Aug. 24, 1864.. Dysentery Alderman, Frederick Pvt. Co. H, 15, N. Y. Cav Aug. 27, 1864. . Diarrhoea Alexander, Joseph Pvt. Co. C, 125, N. Y. Inf June 9, 1864.. C. Diarrhoea (Ad. G. N. Y. says " Joseph ^. Alexander.") Alexander Wallace F. . . Pvt. Co. C, 3, N. Y. Cav Oct. 23, 1864. . Scorbutus (Ad. G. N. Y. says " William F. Alexander.") Alfred, Henry C Pvt. Co. F, 153, N. Y. Inf Oct. 20, 1864.. Scorbutus (Ad. G. N. Y. says "Henry C. AUerd.") Allen, Adolphus W Pvt. Co. M, 14, N. Y. Art July 14,1864.. Diarrhoea Allen, James A Pvt. Co. A, 82, N. Y. Inf Jan. 14, 1865. . Scorbutus (Ad. G. N. Y. says "Transferred to Co. E, 59, Inf.") AUen, William Pvt. Co. H, 1, N. Y. Dragoons. Aug. 13, 1864. . Dysentery AUenberger, J Pvt. Co. B, 39, N. Y. Inf Aug. 16, 1864.. Typhus fever (Ad. G. N. Y. says "Not found.") Alligier, Jaques Pvt. Co. I, 48, N. Y. Inf Oct. 26, 18C4.. Wounds 171 172 STATE OF NEW YORK No. Xnme Organization Died C'atue 837-t AUison, William J Pvt. Co. F, 95, N. Y. Inf Sept. 9, 1864.. Diarrhoea (Ad. G. N. Y. says "Co. E.") 7587 AUman, Charles Pvt. Co. C, 7, N. Y. Art Sept. 3, 186*. . Scorbutus 6941 Almy, Franklin Pvt. Co. K, 111, N. Y. Inf Aug. 26, 1864.. Scorbutus 5938 Alphord. J Pvt. Co. G, 75, N'. Y. Inf Aug. 17, 1864. . Scorl)utus (Ad. G. N. Y. says "John Alphord. Co. G, 71, Inf.") 7739 Alsaver, Sanford Pvt. Co. H, 147, N. Y. Inf.... Sept. 3, 1864. (Ad. G. N. Y. says "Sanford Alsfver.") 7478 Altenborud, Edward ... Pvt. Co. D, 39, N. Y. Inf Sept. 1, 1864. 800 Ambler, Frederick Pvt. Co. H, 47, N. Y. Inf Apr. 28, 1864. (Ad. G. N. Y. says " Fred Emler.") 2344 Ambrust, Jacob Cpl. Co. G, 9, N. Y. Cav June 23, 1864. 10642 Ames, Henry Pvt. Co. A, 3, X. Y. Art Oct. 10, 1864. 4654 Ames, James R Sgt. Co. I, 14, N. Y. Art Aug. 3, 1864. 3739 Anderson, Andrew Pvt. Co. I, 100, X. Y. Inf July 21, 1864. Scorbutus Scorbutus C. Diarrhoea Scorbutus Scorbutus Diarrhoea Intermittent fever Scorbutus Debilitis Gangrene 4890 Anderson, Andrew Pvt. Co. H, 99, X. Y. Inf Aug. 6,1864.. 537 .\nderson, Henry Pvt. Co. M, 20, N. Y. Cav Apr. 14, 1864. . 8819 Anderson, J Pvt. Co. E, 39, X'. Y. Inf Sept. 15, 1864. . 4110 Anderson, L Pvt. Co. D, 14, X. Y. Cav July 27, 1864. . C. Diarrhoea (Ad. G. X'. Y. says " Xot found. — There was a Lewis Anderson, Co. I, 8-t, Inf., transferred to Co. G, 5, Vet. Inf. June 2, 1864.") 1389 Andrews, Glenn Pvt. Co. I, 111, X. Y. Inf .May 26, 1864.. 7533 Andrews, William Pvt. Co. K, 85, X'. Y. Inf Sept. 1, 1864. . 8717 Anson, James R Pvt. Co. K, 1, X. Y. Cav Sept. 14, 1864. . 6548 Answell, J Pvt. Co. A, 15, X. Y. Cav Aug. 23, 1864. 8720 Antisdel, George H Pvt. Co L, 5, X. Y. Cav Sept. 14, 1864. . Scorbutus (.•\d. G. X. Y. says "George H. Antcsdel.") 12202 Antler, F Pvt. Co. B, 39, X. Y. Inf Dec. 1, 1864. . (Ad. G. X. Y. says "Xot found.") 6976 Appleby, Silas W Pvt. Co. K, 85, X. Y. Inf Aug. 27. 1864. . 1084 Archer, John A Pvt. Co. F, 61, X. Y. Inf May 14, 1864. . 11172 Armond, WiUiam Pvt. Co. F, 7, X. Y. Oct. 19, 1864.. (Ad. G. X. Y. says "Xot found.") 10818 Armstrong, John Pvt. Co. C, 164, X^ Y. Inf Oct. 12, 1864.. (Ad. G. X'. Y. says "John //. Armstrong.") 9475 Armstrong, Moses Pvt Co. G, 140, X. Y. Inf Sept. 21, 1864.. C. Diarrhoea (Headstone reads " Ky." but change of latter to "X'. Y." has been directed by Chief, Quartermaster Corps.) 11571 Armstrong, William Prt. 24, X. Y. Ind. Battery... Oct. 27, 1864.. 7470 Arnold, Rodolphus B. . . Pvt. Co. L, 7, X. Y. Art Sept. 1, 1864. . C951 Arnot, Charles Pvt. Co. C, 47, X''. Y. Inf -Aug. 26, 1864. . 9741 Artz, Christian Pvt Co. E, 6, X. Y. H. Art. . . Sept 25, 1864. . (Headstone reads " C. H. Art.") 1580 Ashley, Charles G Pvt. Co. G, 146, X. Y. Inf. . . . June 3, 1864. , 12622 A.shley, S Citizen, , X. Y Feb. 9, 1865. 5544 Ashton, C Cpl. Co. I, 10, X. Y. Aug. 13. 1864. , (Ad. G. X. Y. says "Xot found.") 3666 Atwill, Theodore Sgt. Co. M, 6, X. Y. Cav July 20, 1864.. 7207 Atwood, George S Pvt 24, X. Y. Ind. Battery... Aug. 29, 1864. C. Diarrhoea C. Diarrhoea Scorbutus Dysentery Scorbutus Diarrhoea Diarrhoea Scorbutus Dysentery Scorbutus C. Diarrhoea Diarrhoea Dysenterj' C. Diarrhoea Scorbutus Diarrhoea Phthisis Diarrhoea ANDERSONVILLE MONUMENT DEDICATION 173 No. Name Organization Died Canise 950 Aubrey, Richard Sgt. Co. A, 14, N. Y. Cav May 9, 1864.. . C. Diarrhoea 11748 AugUn, James Sgt. Co. D, 66, N. Y. Inf Nov. 3, 1864.. Scorbutus (Ad. G. N. Y. says "James Anglain.") 7743 Auguere, Gregory Pvt. Co. E, 47, N. Y. Inf Sept. 3, 1864.. Scorbutus (Ad. G. N. Y. says " Gregory Angcraro.") 5027 Augustein, John Pvt. Co. A, 52, N. Y. Inf Aug. 8, 1864. . Dysentery 1736 Austin, Alpheus Pvt. Co. A, 147, N. Y. Inf June 8, 1864.. Diarrhoea 3094 Austin, Oliver Pvt. Co. A, 7, N. Y. Art July 10, 1864. . Diarrhoea 12820 Avers, Garrett S Pvt. Co. G, 147, N. Y. Inf Mch. 30, 1865. . Scorbutus 3066 Baljcock, Isaac Pvt. Co. H, 72, N. Y. Inf July 9, 1864.. Scorbutus 4638 Babcock, Jacob S Pvt. Co. D, 14, N. Y. Art Aug. 3, 1864. . Diarrhoea 12347 Babcock, Julius M Pvt. Co. I, 140, X. Y. Inf Dec. 27, 1864.. Scorbutus (Ad. G. N. Y. says "Julius A'. Babcock.") 1712 Babcock, Nelson Pvt. Co. G, 111, N. Y. Inf June 7, 1864.. Anasarca 4893 Babcock, R Pvt Co. D, 9, N. Y. Aug. 6, 1864. . Dysentery (Ad. G. N. Y. says " Ransom Babcock, private Co. D, 83, N. Y. Inf., also borne as ' Remsen W. Babcock.'") 11831 Babcock, W. N Pvt. Co. L, 13, N. Y. Nov. 5, 1864. . Scorbutus (Ad. G. N. Y. says " William K. Babcock, pvt. Co. L, 15, N. Y. Cav.") 2870 Bacchus, Asbury Pvt. Co. A, 169, N. Y. Inf July 4, 1864.. Dysentery 3447 Bachelder, Benjamin F. Pvt. 24, N. Y. Ind. Battery... July 17, 1864.. Congestive (Ad. G. N. Y. says "Corporal.") fever 11272 Bachus, E. R Pvt. Co. F, 15, N. Y. Art Oct. 20, 1864. . Scorbutus 4302 Back, John Pvt. Co. H, 97, N. Y. Inf July 30, 1864.. Scorbutus 754 Bacon, Escock P Pvt. Co. B, 154, N. Y. Inf Apr. 26, 1864.. C. Dysentery (Ad. G. N. Y. says " Eseck P. Bacon.") 9101 Bacon, James Pvt. Co. E, 154, N. Y. Inf Sept. 18, 1864. . Diarrhoea (Ad. G. N. Y. says " James F. Bacon.") 61 Bahn, William Pvt. Co. D, 7, N. Y. Mch. 18, 1864.. Pneumonia (Ad. G. N. Y. says " Not found.") Possibly a duplicate of No. 12942, Donald Bayne, with nearly identical record. Latter was a smallpox case, and original grave number was 61. 7890 Bailey, Amos Pvt. Co. K, 5, N. Y. Cav Sept. 5, 1864. . Diarrhoea 10163 Bailey, Coenelius Pvt. Co. K, 76, N. Y. Inf Oct. 1, 1864.. Scorbutus 5697 Bailey, George W Pvt. Co. G, 154, N. Y. Inf Aug. 15, 1864.. Scorbutus 7493 Bailey, John Pvt. Co. A, 12, N. Y. Cav Sept. 1, 1864. . C. Diarrhoea (Ad. G. N. Y. says "John Bailey, Jr.") 8650 Bailey, Thomas H Prt. Co. I, 42, N. Y. Inf Sept. 13, 1864 (Ad. G. N. Y. says " Paroled.") See Ad. G. report N. Y. 1901, serial No. 30, page 253, and serial No. 26, page 376. 3550 Baker, Edgar Pvt Co. E, 85, N. Y. Inf July 18, 1864. . Dysentery 8759 Baker, Henry W Pvt. Co. F, 146, N. Y. Inf Sept 13, 1864.. Scorbutus 8052 Baker, Ira Pvt Co. H, 85, N. Y. Inf Sept 7, 1864. . Scorbutus 11660 Baker, John Cpl. Co. K, 16, X. Y. Cav Oct 29, 1864. . Scorbutus 8215 Baker, John Pvt 24, N. Y. Ind. Battery... Sept 8, 1864.. Pleuritis 10636 Baker, Uriah Pvt Co. B, 93, N. Y. Inf Oct 10, 1864.. C. Diarrhoea 7591 Baldwin, Chauncey Pvt. Co. M, 24, N. Y. Cav Sept. 2, 1864. . Diarrhoea 6853 Baldwin, George Pvt Co. C, 154, N. Y. Inf.... Aug. 25, 1864.. Scorbutus 4457 BaUard, Robert B Pvt. Co. C, 85, N. Y. Inf Aug. 1, 1864.. Constipation 174 STATE OF NEW YORK iVo. X(ime Organizaliiin Died Cause 53-J.7 Buiicroft, Albert H Cpl. Co. B, 85, N. Y. Inf Aug. 11, 1864.. Diarrhoea (No rank cut on headstone.) 9819 Banker, Irving F Pvt. Co. G, 152, N. Y. Inf Sept. 26, 186+.. Typhus fever 5536 Banker, Jefferson M Pvt. Co. K, 118, N. Y. Inf Aug. 13, 1864.. Dysentery 12315 Barber, Henrj' Cpl. Co. B, 96, K. Y. Inf Dee. 20, 1864.. Scorbutus 7877 Barklett, HartweU Pvt. 24, N. Y. Ind. Battery... Sept. 6, 1864.. Diarrhoea (\iX. G. N. Y. says "HartweU Barrett.") 4364 Barnard, Wellington ... Pvt. Co. K, 85, N. Y. Inf July 31, 1864.. Diarrhoea 6963 Barnes, A. C Pvt. Co. D, 35, N. Y. Inf Aug. 27, 1864. . Diarrhoea (Ad. G. N. Y. says " Not found.") 1835 Harnett, J Pvt Co. C, 132, N. Y. Inf June 11, 1864. . C. Diarrhoea (Ad. G. N. Y. says " Jo/in Barnes.") 6771 Barnes, James S Pvt Co. E, 10, N. Y. Cav Aug. 25, 1864. . Scorbutus 3748 Barns, Jonathan A Pvt. Co. F, 12, N. Y. Cav July 22, 1864.. Dysentery 8821 Barnes, IlosweU H Pvt. 24, N. Y. Ind. Battery... Sept 15, 1864.. Scorbutus 10418 Barnes, Thomas A Pvt Co. B, 76, N. Y. Inf Oct 6, 1864.. Diarrhoea 11343 Barnes, Walter D Cpl. Co. F, 115, N. Y. Inf Oct 23, 1864.. Wounds 1375 Barney, Joseph Pvt. Co. G, 13, N. Y. Cav May 26, 1864. . Dysentery 8361 Bamuni, H Pvt Co. H, 39, N. Y. Inf Sept 10, 1864.. Diarrhoea (.\d. G. N. Y. says "Not found.") 10153 Barrett George Pvt. Co. A, 22, N. Y. Cav Oct 1, 1864. . Diarrhoea 588 Barrett Daniel Pvt. Co. H, 13, N. Y. Cav Apr. 17, 1864. . Diarrhoea 11605 Barrigan, A Pvt. Co. A, 82, N. Y. Inf Oct. 28, 1864. . Scorbutus (Ad. G. N. Y. says " Not found.") 11056 Barringer, John Pvt Co. K, 126, N. Y. Inf Oct 17, 1864.. Scorbutus 3580 Barrows, Marwin Vvt. Co. E, 14, N. Y. Art July 19, 1864. . Diarrhoea (Ad. G. N. Y. says "Marrin Barrows, Co. (?.") 6552 Barsch, Charles Pvt Co. B, 7, N. Y. Art Aug. 23, 1864. . Diarrhoea (Ad. G. N. Y. says " Not found.") 4769 Bartlett, Lewis Pvt Co. D, 118, N. Y. Inf Aug. 5, 1864.. Debilitis 11612 Bartlett, Richard Pvt Co. F, 164, N. Y. Inf Oct 29, 1864.. Scorbutus 8409 Bartow, David Pvt. Co. I, 85, N. Y. Inf Sept 11, 1864.. C. Diarrhoea 8097 Basford, John Pvt. Co. G, 12, N. Y. Cav Sept 7, 1864. . Diarrhoea (Ad. G. N. Y. says "Joseph Basfonl.") 8217 Bass, George Pvt. Co. A, 63, N. Y. Inf Sept. 8, 1864. . Diarrhoea 530 Bates, James H Pvt. Co. A, 97, N. Y. Inf Apr. 13, 1864.. C. Diarrhoea 1069 Bates, Lester W Pvt Co. A, 97, N. Y. Inf May 13, 1864.. Diarrhoea 9487 Batterson, David Pvt. Co. B, 76, N. Y. Inf Sept 22, 1864.. Scorbutus (Ad. G. N. Y. says "David Baterson.") 8443 Bauman, Henry Pvt Co. H, 39, N. Y. Inf Sept 10, 1864. . Scorbutus 474 Baumeister, John Cpl. Co. I, 54, N. Y. Inf Apr. 10, 1864.. Anasarca 12942 Bayne, Donald Pvt Co. D, 57, N. Y. Inf July 4, 1864. . Small Pox (See note above, Wm. Bahn.) 6021 Beam, D Pvt. Co. M, 2, N. Y. Cav Aug. 17, 1864. . Djsentery (Ad. G. N. Y. says "Not found.") 12509 Bearfield, C Citizen, , N. Y Jan. 22, 1865 10999 Beaty, Aaron Pvt Co. K, 132, N. Y. Inf Oct 16, 1864.. C. Diarrhoea 10556 Beaty, William Pvt. Co. G, 139, N. Y. Inf Oct. 9, 1864. . Dysentery 4468 Becker, Charles Pvt Co. I, 52, N. Y. Inf Aug. 1, 1864.. Diarrhoea 12376 Becker, George R Pvt Co. K, 40, N. Y. Inf Jan. 1, 1865.. Scorbutus ANDERSONVILLE MONUMENT DEDICATION 175 No. Name Organization Died 6034 Beckhorn, Thompson B. Pvt Co A, 10, N. Y. Inf Aug. 18, 1864. 9216 Beckstein, J Cpl. Co. F, 12, N. Y. Cav Sept. 18, 1864. (Ad. G. N. Y. says "Louis Beckstein.") 8472 Beckwith, Charles V Pvt. Co. D, 14, N. Y. Art Sept 11, 1864. (Ad. G. N. Y. says "Clark V. Beckwith.") 8992 Beebe, John E Pvt. Co. G, 111, N. Y. Inf Sept 16, 1864., 11933 Beers, Edward W Pvt. Co. B, 82, N. Y. Inf Nov. 9, 1864. (Ad. G. N. Y. says " Transferred to Co. G, 59, Inf.") 3843 Beham, John Pvt. Co. A, 43, N. Y. Inf July 23, 1864. (Ad. G. N. Y. says "John Behan.") 8010 Beldon, William Pvt Co. E, 82, N. Y. Inf Sept 6, 1864., 3267 BeU, Darius S Pvt Co. D, 80, N. Y. Inf July 13, 1864. (Ad. G. N. Y. says ''David S. BeU.") 11124 BeU, Henry C Pvt Co. D, 120, N. Y. Inf.... Oct 18, 1864., 9136 BeU, J Pvt. Co. B, 6, N. Y. Sept. 18, 1864. , (Ad. G. N. Y. says "Not found.") 8942 BeU, John Cpl. Co. K, 39, N. Y. Inf Sept. 16, 1864. , 6670 Bender, Justus Pvt Co. I, 100, N Y. Inf.... Aug. 24, 1864. (Ad. G. N. Y. says "Justus Bedner.") 11066 Bender, Peter Pvt. Co. M, 16, N. Y. Cav Oct. 17, 1864. , 3606 Benesteel, Stephen A Pvt. Co. C, 80, N. Y. Inf July 19, 1865. 5847 Benjamin, Evan Pvt Co. E, 97, N. Y. Inf Aug. 16, 1864. 3138 Bennett, B Pvt Co. B, 146, N. Y. Inf. . . . July 10, 1864. . (Ad. G. N. Y. says " Not found.") 3089 Bennett James H Pvt Co. E, 85, N. Y. Inf July 9, 1864., 10071 Benthuysen, Henry Van. Pvt Co. I, 7, N. Y. Art Sept 30, 1864. (Ad. G. N. Y. says " Henry Benthuysen.") 5945 BenUey, Calvin Pvt Co. L, 22, N. Y. Cav Aug. 17, 1864. 6979 Benway, Charles Pvt. Co. L, 6, N. Y. Art Aug. 27, 1864. 6598 Berrel, Martin E Pvt Co. A, 125, N. Y. Inf.... Aug. 22, 1864. (Ad. G. N. Y. .says "Martin E. BerrnH.") 6137 Bersha, John Pvt. Co. B, IS, N. Y. Art Aug. 19, 1864. , (Ad. G. N. Y. says " Not found.") 5934 Bessnett, Charles Pvt. Co. B, 14, N. Y. Art Aug. 17, 1864. (Ad. G. N. Y. says "A. Bessmett") S749 Best, Isaac Pvt Co. G, 142, N. Y. Inf Aug. 15, 1864. 351 Bidon, Simon Pvt Co. A, 52, N. Y. Inf Apr. 4, 1864. (Ad. G. N. Y. says " Simon Beidon.") 10635 Bidwell, John W Pvt Co. G, 5, N. Y. Cav Oct 9, 1864.. 331 Biel, S Pvt. Co B, 42, N. Y. Inf Apr. 3, 1864., (Ad. G. N. Y. says " Not found.") 3232 Bigelow, Lawson R Pvt Co. D, 85, N. Y. Inf July 12, 1864.. 601 Billings, WUliam H Pvt Co. G, 52, N Y. Inf Apr. 17, 1864. 10005 Bingham, C. E Pvt. Co. D, 5, N. Y. Cav Sept. 28, 1864. . (Ad. G. N. Y. says " Charles E. Bingham.") 619 Binns, Edmond J Pvt Co. D, 13, N. Y. Cav Apr. 19, 1864. (Ad. G. N. Y. says " Edmund J. Binns.") 7626 Bioner, John Pvt Co. I, 66, N. Y. Inf Sept. 1, 1864. . (Ad. G. N. Y. says " John Bjomer.") Catise Intermittent fever Dysentery Scorbutus Scorbutus Dysentery Diarrhoea Scorbutus Scorbutus Scorbutus Diarrhoea Scorbutus Scorbutus Scorbutus Enteritis Pleuritis Diarrhoea Scorbutus Catarrh Dysentery C. Diarrhoea Marasmus Scorbutus Scorbutus Typhus fever C. Diarrhoea Debilitis DebUitis Diarrhoea Ascites Diarrhoea 176 STATE OF NEW YORK No. Name Organization Died Cause 12831 Bird, Martin Pvt. Co. K, 7, N. Y. Art Apr. 14, 1865.. Diarrhoea 4780 Bird, Patrick Cpl. Co. K, 7, K. Y. Art Aug. 5, 1804. . Pneiiinonia 6590 Bishop, C. M. C Pvt. Co. M, 7, N. Y. Art ,\ug. 23, 18G4. . Dvsentcrv- 5706 BisseU, John S Pvt. Co. D, 85, N. Y. Inf Aug. 15, 18G4. . Diarrlioca (.\d. G. N. Y. says "James S. BisseU.") 11971 Black, Henry C Pvt. Co. H, 42, N. Y. Inf Nov. 12, 1864.. Scorbutus (Ad. G. N. Y. says "Transferred to 59. suljscquently to 82, wliile prisoner of war.") 11018 Black, John Pvt. Co. G, 42, N. Y. Inf Oct. 16, 1864. . Scorl)utus (Ad. G. N. Y. says "Transferred to 59, then to 82d Infs. while prisoner of war.") 2574 Black, Lewis Pvt. Co. A, 97, N. Y. Inf June 27, 1864. . Diarrhoea (Ad. G. N. Y. says "Lewis S. Black.") 1885 Blackman, John Pvt. Co. K, 85, N. Y. Inf June 13, 1864. . Debilitis 4076 Blackwood, William H.. Pvt. Co. G, 115, N. Y. Inf July 28, 1864.. Typhus fever 12469 Blair, James J Cpl. Co. K, 8, N. Y. Cav Jan. 16, 1865. . Scorbutus 2439 Blake, George Pvt. Co. I, 100, N. Y. Inf June 25, 1864. . C. Diarrhoea 3231 Blake, Willard D Pvt. 4, N. Y. Ind. Battery July 12, 1864 (Ad. G. N. Y. says "William D. Blake, 24, Battery.") 6129 Blanchard, Elisha Pvt. Co. F, 12, N. Y. Cav Aug. 19, 1864.. Dysentery (Ad. G. N. Y says "Elihti Blanchard.") 8340 Blanchard, Lathrop Pvt. Co. K, 100, N. Y. Inf Sept. 9, 1864.. Scorbutus (Ad. G. N. Y. says "Luther Blanchard.") 10083 Blanvelt, w'ilUam Pvt. Co. B, 95, N. Y. Inf Sept. 30, 1864.. Diarrhoea (Ad. G. N. Y. says " Wiliam Blfouvelt, Co. A.") 498 Blazier, Harrison Pvt. Co. K, 3, N. Y. Art Apr. 12, 1864. . Diarrhoea (Ad. G. N. Y. says " Harrison Blaacier.") 7888 Bleier, Tobias Pvt. Co. C, 15, N. Y. Art Sept. 5, 1864.. Dysentery 2777 Bliner, Sherman Pvt. Co. G, 85, N. Y. Inf July 2, 1864. . Diarrhoea (Ad. G. N. Y. says " Sherman Blinn.") 4933 Bliss, James H Pvt. Co. I, 22, N. Y. Cav Aug. 7, 1864.. Diarrhoea 8959 Block, John G Pvt. Co. F, 100, N. Y. Inf Sept. 16, 1864. . C. Diarrhoea 7206 Blood, Lovell Pvt. Co. G, 7, N. Y. Art Aug. 29, 1864. . Scorbutus 2035 Blumer, Jacob Pvt. Co. K, 175, N. Y. Inf June 16, 1864.. C. Diarrhoea 2989 Bodihay, J Pvt. Co. F, 7, N. Y. ■ July 6, 1864. . Anasarca 4401 Bodies, David Pvt. Co. D, 7, N. Y. Art July 31, 1864. . Dysentery 3073 Bohl, Herman Pvt. Co. E, 10, N. Y. Cav July 9, 1864. . Anasarca 5953 Boiler, WiUiam Cpl. Co. B, 23, N. Y. Cav Aug. 17, 1864. . Marasmus 8267 BoUes, Jasper A Pvt. Co. I, 22, N. Y. Cav Sept. 9, 1864.. C. Diarrhoea 7627 Bolton, Thomas Pvt. Co. G, 43, N. Y. Inf Sept. 2, 1864.. C. Diarrhoea (Ad. G. .says "And Co. D.") 12521 Boorman, John H Pvt. Co. D, 1, Vt. N. Y. Cav.. Jan. 25, 1865.. Scorbutus 11120 Bopp, John E Pvt. Co. A, 15, N. Y. Art Oct. 18, 1864. . Scorbutus (Ad. G. N. Y. says "Edward Bopp.") Headstone reads "J. E. Bopp." 6371 Bories, August Pvt. Co. D, 178, N. Y. Inf Aug. 21, 1864.. Scorbutus (Ad. G. N. Y. says "August Boice*.") 3165 Boshen, Franz Pvt. Co. C, 54, N. Y. Inf July 11, 1864. . Scorbutus 9838 Bossoney, Charles Pvt. Co. C, 15, N. Y. Art Sept. 27, 1864. . Scorbutus (Ad. G. N. Y. says "Charles Bossonjr.") 6171 Boursha, Thomas S Pvt. Co. M, 2, N. Y. Art Aug. 19, 1864.. Marasmus 5269 Bourst, Edward S Cpl. Co. B, 5, N. Y. Cav Aug. 10, 1864. . Anasarca (Ad. G. N, Y. says " Edward S, Borst.") ANDERSON VILLE MONUMENT DEDICATION 177 No. Name Organization Died Cause S635 Bowen, Samuel Pvt. Co. H, 147, N. Y. Inf July 20, 1864.. Diarrhoea 6744 Bowen, T. H Pvt. Co. B, 65, N. Y. Inf Aug. 34, 1864. . Diarrhoea (Ad. G. N. Y. says " Not found.") 4601 Bowie, John F Pvt. Co. K, 7, N. Y. Art Aug. 3, 1864. . Diarrhoea 1 1718 Bowlby, Orson Pvt. Co. D, 14, N. Y. Art Nov. 1, 1864. . Scorbutus 11944 Bowman, H Pvt. Co. K, 84, N. Y. Inf Nov. 10, 1864.. Scorbutus (Ad. G. N. Y. says " Not found.") 1275 Box, George Pvt. Co. D, 111, N. Y. Inf May 22, 1864. . Diarrhoea 9728 Boyce, Ambrose A Pvt Co. I, 3, N. Y. Cav Sept. 25, 1864. . Debilitis 2673 Boyce, R Pvt. Co. M, 6, N. Y Cav June 30, 1864. . Diarrhoea 10 Boyle, Patrick Pvt. Co. A, 63, N. Y. Inf Mch. 5, 1864.. Pneumonia 8912 Boyle, Patrick Pvt. Co. F, 43, N. Y. Inf Sept. 16, 1864.. C. Diarrhoea (Ad. G. N. Y. says " Served also in Cos. B, & C") 11974 Boyle, Thomas Pvt. Co. L, 16, N. Y. Cav Nov. 13, 1864. . Scorbutus 9380 Boywood, Julius Sgt. Co. I, 1, N. Y. Cav Sept. 30, 1864.. Scorbutus 4365 Bradford, David A Pvt. Co. B, 7, N. Y. Art July 31, 1864.. Dysentery 5232 Bradley, John Pvt. Co. K, 69, N. Y. Inf Aug. 10, 1864. . Diarrhoea 12219 Brady, Joseph Pvt. Co. E, 140, N. Y. Inf Dec. 4, 1864. . Scorbutus 3979 Bragg, Julian Pvt. Co. E, 2, N. Y. Cav July 26, 1864. . Diarrhoea 7704 Branden, O Pvt. Co. A, 15, N. Y. Art Sept. 3, 1864. . Diarrhoea (Ad. G. N. Y. .says " Not found.") 592 Brant, Charles Pvt. Co. A, 9, N. Y. Apr. 17, 1864 8415 Brell, Christopher Pvt. Co. F, 140, N. Y. Inf Sept. 11, 1864.. Diarrhoea 519 Bremer, Thomas Pvt. Co. F, 111, N. Y. Inf Apr. 13, 1864.. Diarrhoea (.\d. G. N. Y. says "Not found.") 12263 Brenner, William L Pvt. Co. B, 5, N. Y. H. Art.. Dec. 12, 1864.. Diarrhoea (Ad. G. N. Y. says " William L. Breman.") 1800 Breny, James Pvt. Co. I, 99, N. Y. Inf June 10, 1864.. C. Diarrhoea (Ad. G. N. Y. says "Not found.") 5133 Brewer, Frederick Pvt. Co. C, 39, N. Y. Inf Aug. 9, 1864. . Diarrhoea (Ad. G. N. Y. says " John F. Brower.") 11685 Brewer, Henry Sgt. Co. G, 2, N. Y. Cav Oct. 31, 1864. . C. Diarrhoea 10231 Brewer, John S Pvt. Co. B, 6, N. Y. H. Art.. Oct. 2, 1864.. Scorbutus 1365 Brewer, Sidney Pvt. Co. K, 15, N. Y. Cav May 25, 1864. . C. Diarrhoea 8116 Briggs, William H Pvt. Co. C, 104, N. Y. Inf Sept. 8, 1864.. Scorbutus 11627 Brightmyer, George .... Pvt. Co. D, 7, N. Y. Art Oct 29, 1864.. Scorbutus 6953 Brink, Charles Pvt Co. K, 109, N. Y. Inf Aug. 26, 1864.. Gangrene 6882 Broder, Henry Pvt. Co. F, 76, N. Y. Inf Aug. 26, 1864. . Diarrhoea 12002 Brogan, James M Pvt Co. B, 85, N. Y. Inf Nov. 14, 1864.. Scorbutus (Ad. G. N. Y. says " James N. Brogan.") 9148 Brooks, Wesley Pvt Co. I, 76, N. Y. Inf Sept 18, 1864.. Scorbutus (Ad. G. N. Y. says "Wesley BrocA;.") 1324 Brooks, W Cpl. Co. E, 10, N. Y. Inf May 23, 1864. . Diarrhoea (Ad. G. N. Y. says " William Brooks, private Co. E, 10, N. Y. Cav.") 1321 Brott, Anthony Pvt. Co. K, 1, N. Y. Cav May 19, 1864. . Anasarca 7517 Brough, Charles Pvt Co. I, 14, N. Y. Art Sept 1, 1864.. Scorbutus (Ad. G. N. Y. says " Charles Brought") 51 Broughton, Hiram Pvt Co. H, 77, N. Y. Inf Mch. 16, 1864.. Pneumonia 2465 Brown, Alex Pvt Co. C, 72, N. Y. Inf June 25, 1864. . Diarrhoea (Ad. G. N. Y. says "Alexander Brown, Musician.") 12 178 STATE OF NEW YORK jVo. Xame Organization Died Came 5538 Brown, Barnard M Pvt Co. I, 85, N. Y. Inf Aug. 13, 1864.. Scorbutus 4112 Brown, C Vv\. Co. C, 103, N. Y. Inf July 27, 1864. . Bronchitis (Ad. G. N. Y. says " Not found.") 6623 Brown, Charles Pvt. Co. F, 97, N. Y. Inf Aug. 23, 1864 11928 Brown, Charles Pvt. Co. M, 1, N. Y. Cav Nov. 8, 1864. . C. Diarrhoea (.■\d. G. N. Y. says " 1st Veteran cavalr)-.") 11953 Brown, Charles Pvt. Co. H, 39, N. Y. Inf Nov. 10, 1864 9556 Brown, Christian Cpl. Co. K, 66, N. Y. Inf Sept. 23, 1864. . Scorbutus (Ad. G. N. Y. says "Christ Brown.") 7501 Brown, Daniel C Pvt. Co. B, 118, N. Y. Inf.... Sept. 1, 1864. 3659 Brown, EU W. G Pvt. Co. L, 7, N. Y. Art July 20, 1864. (Ad. G. N. Y. says " Levi W. Brown.") 9674 Brown, George H Cpl. Co. H, 85, N. Y. Inf Sept. 24, 1864. 7985 Brown, George H Pvt. Co. C, 63, N. Y. Inf Sept. 6, 1864. Diarrhoea Scorbutus C. Diarrhoea Pneumonia Diarrhoea Diarrhoea Scorbutus Scorbutus Dysentery Diarrhoea Dysentery Dysentery Diarrhoea .\nasarca Diphtheria 7266 Brown, Henrj- Cpl. Co. F, 39, N. Y. Inf Aug. 30. 1864. . 10668 Brown, Henry Pvt. Co. K, 140, N. Y. Inf.... Oct. 11, 1864.. 1879 Brown, Henry Pvt. Co. H, 12, N. Y. Cav June 12, 1864. . 7658 Brown, J. Pvt Co. C, 16, N. Y. Sept. 3, 1864. . (Ad. G. N. Y. says " Not found.") 6655 Brown, James Pvt Co. E, 4, N. Y. Cav Aug. 24, 1864. . 6691 Brown, James Pvt Co. K, 170, N. Y. Inf Aug. 24, 1864.. DebiUtis 11073 Brown, John S Pvt. Co. D, 5, N. Y. Art Oct. 17, 1864. . Diarrhoea 7615 Brown, J. S Pvt. Co. D, 5, N. Y. H. Art.. Oct 17, 1864. 1887 Brown, Joseph Pvt Co. B, 125, N. Y. Inf June 13, 1864. 428 Brown, W Pvt. Co. A, 42, N. Y. Inf Aug. 8, 1864. (Ad. G. N. Y. says " Wm. Brown, mustered out July 8, 1865, at New York City as of Co. E, 42, N. Y. Inf.") 552 Brown, Warren Pvt Co. K, 120, N. Y. Inf Apr. 14, 1864.. Diarrhoea 7390 Broxmaier, Thomas Pvt Co. E, 15, N. Y. Art Aug. 31, 1864. . Scorbutus (Ad. G. N. Y. says "Thomas Braxmaier.") 1559 Brumaghira, Frank Pvt Co. E, 125, N. Y. Inf.... June 2, 1864. 7668 Bryan, William Pvt. Co. I, 1, N. Y. Cav Sept 3, 1864.. Scorbutus 9690 Bryant Albert A Pvt. Co. B, 146, N. Y. Inf Sept 24, 1864.. A. Diarrhoea 4475 Bryant, Darius Pvt. Co. B, 179, N. Y. Inf Aug. 1, 1864.. Diarrhoea (Ad. G. N. Y. says "Co. D.") 7248 Bryant, Henry Pvt Co. C, 82, N. Y. Inf Aug. 30, 1864.. Anasarca (.\d. G. N. Y. says "Transferred to Co. F, 59, N. Y. Inf.") 6794 Buchaupt, John Pvt Co. A, 100, N. Y. Inf Aug. 25, 1864. . Diarrhoea (Ad. G. N. Y. says "John Buchoupt") 3814 Buck, Addison T Pvt. Co. H. 24, N. Y. July 23, 1864.. Diarrhoea (Ad. G. N. Y. says "Addison T. Beech, p^t. Co. H, 24, N. Y. Cav.") 7567 Buckley, Edwin A Pvt Co. E, 97, N. Y. Inf Sept. 2, 1864.. C. Diarrhoea (Ad. G. N. Y. says " Edwin A. Burtcley.") 3115 Buckley, Charles Pvt 24, N. Y. Ind. Battery... July 10, 1864.. (Ad. G. N. Y. says "Charles E. Buckley.") 10585 Buckley, William Pvt. Co. D, 122, N. Y. Inf.... Oct. 10, 1864.. 5714 Buell, George W Pvt Co. E, 115, N. Y. Inf.... Aug. 15, 1864.. 8234 Buell, John Sgt Co. B, 85, N. Y. Inf Sept 9, 1864. . 2459 Buess, Charles Pvt. Co. F, 75, N. Y. Inf June 25, 1864. . 12417 Bufifum, Lewis Sgt. Co. K, 100, N. Y. Inf. . . . Jan. 8, 1865. . Typhus fever Scorbutus Scorbutus Anasarca Pneumonia Dysentery ANDERSONVILLE MONUMENT DEDICATION 179 Sept. 4, 1864.. C. Diarrhoea June 18, 1864.. A. Diarrhoea June y^o. IS'ame Organization Died Cause 9642 Bullock, Eber Cpl. Co. E, 85, N. Y. Inf Sept. 24, 1864. . Scorbutus 4137 Bunday, Joseph M Pvt. Co. K, 7, N. Y. Art July 28, 1864.. C. Diarrhoea 6452 Burbank, Jacob D Pvt. Co. D, 85, N. Y. Inf Aug. 32, 1864.. Dysentery 978 Burdeck, C Pvt. Co. F, 42, N. Y. May 9, 1864. . Dysentery (Ad. G. N. Y. says " Not found.") 10924 Burdick, Addison A Pvt. Co. C, 85, N. Y. Inf Oct. 13, 1864 7838 Burdick, Lamont Pvt. Co L, 22, N. Y. Cav. 2134 Burdick, Samuel C Pvt. Co. A, 125, N. Y. Inf 1689 Burger, Henry, Jr Sgt. Co. A, 120, N. Y. Inf (Headstone reads " Berger.") 10955 Burgis, Edmund Pvt Co. B, 146, N. Y. Inf Oct. 15, 1864.. Dysentery (Ad. G. N. Y. says " Edmond Burge**.") 5196 Burke, John M Pvt Co. K, 69, N. Y. Inf Aug. 10, 1864. 540 Burke, William H Pvt. Co. F, 132, N. Y. Inf Apr. 14, 1864. 1224 Burke, William H Pvt. Co. I, 120, N. Y. Inf May 19, 1864.. A. Diarrhoea (Ad. G. N. Y. says " M'illiam Burk.") 10016 Burleigh, Lafayette Pvt. Co. F, 6, N. Y Art Sept. 29, 1864.. Scorbutus 12389 Burley, C Pvt. Co. B, 3, N. Y. Jan. 4, 1865. . Diarrhoea 924 Burnes, John Pvt Co. H, 99, N. Y. Inf May (Ad. G. N. Y. .says "John Burns.") 477 Burnes, John Pvt. Co. I, 40, N. Y. Apr. 10, 1864. . 1864.. C. Diarrhoea Dysentery Pneumonia 6, 1864. . Dysentery Intermittent fever or dysentery 5991 Bums, Daniel Pvt. Co. D, 5, N. Y. Art Aug. 17, 1864. . Cerebritis 8745 Bums, Michael Pvt Co. C, 3, N. Y Cav Sept 14, 1864.. Typhus fever 11881 Bums, Thomas Pvt. Co. F, 108, N. Y. Inf Nov. 6, 1864.. Diarrhoea 7247 Burr, Nelson Pvt. Co. C, 59, N. Y. Inf Aug. 30, 1864.. C. Diarrhoea 9870 BurriU, WiUiam Pvt Co. C, 59, N. Y. Inf Sept 27, 1864. . Scorbutus (Ad. G. N. Y. says " William Burrell.") 2875 Burt, James O Pvt Co. A, 2, N. Y. Cav July 4, 1864. . Debilitis 6039 Burton, F Pvt. Co. G, 69, N. Y. Inf Aug. 18, 1864. . Scorbutus (Ad. G. N. Y. says " George Burton, absent sick since May, 1864, as per muster out rolls.") 7214 Burton, George E Pvt Co. K, 85, N. Y Inf Aug. 29, 1864.. Dysentery 217 Burton, Henry Pvt. Co. K, 140, N. Y. Inf Mch. 29, 1864.. Diarrheoa 6457 Bush, Ephraim Pvt. Co. D, 80, N. Y. Inf Aug. 22, 1864. . Diarrhoea 11366 Bushby, William Cpl. Co. A, 5, N. Y. Art Oct. 23, 1864. . Scorbutus 2047 Buskirk, Lorenzo Pvt Co. D, 13, N. Y. Cav June 16, 1864. . A. Diarrhoea 486 Bushman, John R Sgt. Co. G, 132, N. Y. Inf Apr. 11, 1864.. Pneumonia (Ad. G. N. Y. says " John R. Busphman."). 1415 Bushnell, Nathaniel Pvt. Co. B, 65, N. Y. Inf May 27, 1864.. C. Diarrhoea 1360 Buskirk, Adolphus Pvt. Co. H, 47, N. Y. Inf May 25. 1864. . C. Diarrhoea (Ad. G. N. Y. says "iJudolphus Buskirk.") 9235 Butler, Daniel Pvt. Co. D, 126, N. Y. Inf Sept. 19, 1864. . A. Diarrhoea 10848 Butler, James Pvt Co. D, 2, N. Y. Cav Oct. 13, 1864. . Scorbutus 721 Butler, Thomas Pvt Co. G, 132, N. Y. Inf Apr. 25, 1864.. Diarrhoea 4183 Butler, William Pvt. Co. D, 43, N. Y. Inf July 28, 1864.. Dysentery 12651 Butoff, R Sgt. Co. C, 124, N. Y. Inf.... Feb. 13, 1865.. C. Diarrhoea (Ad. G. N. Y. says " Not found.") 5805 Button, James Pvt 24, N. Y. Ind. Battery... Aug. 16, 1864.. Dysentery (Ad. G. N. Y. says " James H. Britton, borne as ' John H. Britton.' "> 180 STATE OF NEW YORK Wounds C. Diarrhoea Scorbutus Scorbutus Diarrhoea C. Diarrhoea Anasarca Scorbutus yo. yame Organizalion Died Cause 3446 Butts, Americus Pvt Co. C, 111, N. Y. Inf July 17, 1864.. Diarrhoea i230 Buyer, H Pvt. Co. K, 2i, X. Y. Aug. 10, 1861. . Scorliutns 9790 Byrne, James Cpl. Co. A, 69, N. Y. Inf Sept. 26, 1864. . C. Diarrhoea (Headstone reads "Private.") 2191 Cadmus, Cornelius Pvt. Co. .\, 48, N. Y. Inf June 19, 1864.. Anasarca 10765 Cady, George Pvt Co. I, 66, N. Y. Inf Oct. 12, 1864.. Scorbutus 2377 Cady, J Pvt. Co. E, 77, N. Y. Inf June 23, 1864. . Diarrhoea 10721 Cady, John J Pvt Co. H, 14, N. Y. Art Oct. 11, 1864. 2971 Caesar, Daniel Pvt. Co. B, 7, X. Y. Art July 6, 1864. 793 Cain, Peter Sgt Co. M, 20, N. Y. Cav Apr. 28, 1864. . C. Diarrhoea (Ad. G. X. Y. says "Private.") 11807 Caldwell, Andrew Pvt Co. A, 42, X. Y. Inf Xov. 4, 1864.. (.\d. G. X. Y. says "Also served in 59, & 82, Infs.") 7557 CaldweU, Dewitt C Sgt. Co. E, 2, X. Y. Art Sept 4, 1864.. (Headstone reads "Ills." The case will be reported for correction.) 11530 Caling, Edward Pvt Co. H, 7, X. Y. Oct. 26, 1864. . Scorbutus (Ad. G. X. Y. says " Not found.") 9706 Calkins, Stephen V Pvt Co. D, 120, X. Y. Inf Sept. 24, 1864.. Scorbutus 8411 Callbrock, J Pvt Co. B, 147, X. Y. Inf Sept 12, 1864.. Anasarca (Ad. G. N. Y. says " Xot found.") 2848 Cameron, John Pvt. Co. H, 1, X. Y. Cav July 4, 1864. . 1770 Camp, Xicholas Pvt Co. F, 21, X. Y. Cav June 9,1864.. 1238 Campbell, Daniel Pvt Co. H, 8, X. Y. Cav Jlay 20, 1864. . 7236 CampbeU, John H Pvt Co. I, 99, X. Y. Inf Aug. 29, 1864.. 946 Campbell, Lewis R Pvt Co. B, 104, X. Y. Inf May 7, 1864.. Dysentery 11294 CampbeU, W Pvt Co. C, 2, X. Y. Oct. 12, 1864. . Scorbutus 7378 CampbeU, WiUiam Pvt Co. B, 76, X. Y. Inf ., Aug. 31, 1864.. Diarrhoea 8136 Carborius, W Cpl. Co. C, 39, X. Y. Inf Sept 7, 1864.. Diarrhoea (Ad. G. X. Y. says " Xot found.") 12178 Card, Abel Sgt. Co. C, 152, X. Y. Inf Xov. 27, 1864.. Scorbutus 5034 Card, Chester Cpl. Co. F, 109, X. Y. Inf Aug. 10, 1864.. Scorbutus (Xo rank cut on headstone.) 7555 Carey, Denis Pvt. Co. A, 51, N. Y. Inf Sept. 2, 1864. . C. Diarrhoea 3832 Carey, Joseph Pvt Co. G, 100, X. Y. Inf July 23, 1864. . Diarrhoea (Ad. G. X. Y. says " Joseph Gary.") 11512 Carey, Thomas Pvt Co. E, 65, X. Y. Inf Oct 26, 1864.. Scorbutus 372 Carl, Joseph Pvt Co. A, 14, X. Y. Cav Apr. 5, 1864. . Diarrhoea 5545 Carle, Laurence Pvt Co. G, 120, X. Y. Inf.... Aug. 13, 1864.. Catarrh 9420 Carman, WilUam W Pvt Co. K, 2, X. Y. Jlounted Sept. 21. 1864 Rifles (Ad. G. X. Y. says " WiUiam F. Carman.") 7655 Carmer, Andrew Pvt. Co. G, 85, X. Y. Inf Sept. 3, 1864. . Anasarca (Ad. G. X\ Y. says "Andrew Carner.") 3102 Carnes, T Pvt Co. B, 13, X. Y. Cav July 10, 1864. . Diarrhoea (Ad. G. X. Y. says " P. Carms.") 9879 Carney, Francis Pvt. Co. C, 3, X. Y. Art Sept. 26, 1864. . Diarrhoea (Ad. G. X. Y. says " Xot found.") 10806 Carpenter, Frank Pvt. Co. C, 7, X. Y. Art Oct 13, 1864.. Scorbutus 8854 Carpenter, George Pvt Co. D, 7, X. Y. Art Sept 15, 1864. . C. Diarrhoea 4632 Carpenter, HamUton A.. Pvt Co. A, 2, X. Y. Art .\ug. 3, 1864.. Diarrhoea ANDERSONVILLE MONUMENT DEDICATION 181 No. Name Organization Died Cause 3916 Carpenter, L Pvt. Co. B, 3, N. Y. Art July 25, 1864. . C. Diarrhoea (Ad. G. N. Y. says " Not found.") 3977 Carpenter, Napoleon B.. Pvt. Co. B, 85, N. Y. Inf July 26, 1864.. Diarrhoea 6743 Carr, A Pvt. Co. F, 27, N. Y. Inf Aug. 24, 1864. . Dysentery (Ad. G. N. Y. says " Not found.") 3959 Carr, David Pvt. Co. B, 23, N. Y. Cav July 24, 1864. . C. Diarrhoea 6470 Carr, George A Pvt. Co. K, 3, N. Y. Art Aug. 22, 1864. . C. Diarrhoea 581 Carr, Lafayette Cpl. Co. K, 3, N. Y. Art Apr. 16, 1864.. Diarrhoea €304 Carr, William Pvt. Co. E, 97, N. Y. Inf Aug. 20, 1864. . Gangrene 5673 Carr, William O Pvt. Co. K, 125, N. Y. Inf Aug. 14, 1864.. Scorbutus (Ad. G. N. Y. says "William A. Carr.") 9040 Carragher, John Pvt. Co. L, 8, N. Y. Cav Sept. 17, 1864. . Scorbutus 4139 Carroll, James Pvt. Co. A, 69, N. Y. Inf July 28, 1864.. Diarrhoea 9186 Carroll, Lawrence Pvt. Co. G, 21, N. Y. Cav Sept. 18, 1864. . A. Diarrhoea 10293 Carroll, Patrick Cpl. Co. E, 95, N. Y. Inf Oct. 4, 1864.. Scorbutus 11331 Carroll, Patrick Pvt. Co. E, 100, N. Y. Inf.... Oct. 23, 1864.. Scorbutus (Ad. G. N. Y. says " Patrick Carrol.") 12339 Carroll, Thomas Pvt Co. D, 1, N. Y. Cav Dec. 26, 1864. . Scorbutus (Ad. G. N. Y. says " 1st Veteran Cavalry.") 2061 CarroU, Thomas Pvt. Co. F, 132, N. Y. Inf June 16, 1864.. Dysentery (Ad. G. N. Y. says " Thomas Carrell.") 12015 CarroU, W Pvt. Co. B, 42, N. Y. Inf Nov. 15, 1864.. Scorbutus (Ad. G. N. Y. says " William Curran.") 6433 Carson, Elisha Pvt. Co. A, 115, N. Y. Inf Aug. 22, 1864.. I>ysentery 8023 Cart, Mitchell Pvt. Co. F, 118, N. Y. Inf Sept. 6, 1864.. Diarrhoea (Ad. G. N. Y. says "Mitchell Carte.") 1987 Carter, Adam J Pvt. Co. E, 146, N. Y. Inf.... June IS, 1864.. Bronchitis (Ad. G. N. Y. says "Adam J. Carter.") 5212 Carter, Edward Cpl. Co. A, 7, N. Y. Art Aug. 10, 1864. . Scorbutus 8479 Case, Abel F Pvt. Co. A, 8, N. Y. Cav Sept. 11, 1864. . Scorbutus 8377 Case, Edward Pvt. Co. M, 8 N. Y. Cav Sept. 10, 1864. . Scorbutus 6296 Case, H. J Pvt. Co. A, 12, N. Y. Cav Aug. 20, 1864. . Scorbutus 5271 Casey, P Pvt. Co. A, 174, N. Y. Inf Aug. 10, 1864.. Scorbutus i Catue 7, 1864. . C. Diarrhoea 15, 1864.. , Diarrhoea 9, 1864. . Diarrhoea 4, 1864.. Diarrhoea 25, 1864., , A. Diarrhoea 13, 1864.. , C. Dysentery 19, 1864., , Dysentery 31, 1864.. , Diarrhoea 30, 1864., , Scorbutus 1*. ) 10, 1864., . Diarrhoea 1864. . Dysentery 6, 1865. . Scorbutus 3 1864. . Dysentery 9, 1864. . C. Diarrhoea 27, 1864. . Scorbutus 28, 1864. . Scorbutus 5, 1864. . Anasarca 101, , Inf." ) 1, 1864. . Scorbutus 12, 1864. . Scorbutus 3, 1866. ,29, 1864. . Diarrhoea ■ 7, 1864. . Scorbutus 13, 1864. . Scorbutus , 24, 1864. . Diarrhoea 25, 1864. . Scorbutus 29, 1864. . Scorbutus 3, 1864. . Scorbutus 13, 1864. . C. Diarrhoea 20, 1864. . Scorbutus 27, 1864. . A. Diarrhoea 20, 1864. . Scorbutus IQ 1864. 1864. 4, . Scorbutus 12, 1864. 26, 1864. . Anasarca 7, 1864. . C. Diarrhoea ANDERSONVILLE MONUMENT DEDICATION 209 iVo. IVame Organization 5845 Lynchlin, Franz, also borne as Luchlin, Franz Pvt. Co. E, 1, N. Y. Cav Aug. (Latter name on headstone and register.) 8343 Lyon, J. H Pvt. Co. — , 5, N. Y. Art Sept. (Ad. G. N. Y. says " Not found.") 12633 Lyons, Charles Pvt. Co. M, 2, N. Y. Cav Feb. (Ad. G. N. Y. says "Not found.") 1427 Lyons, Michael Prt. Co, E, 99, N. Y. Inf May 6156 Lyons, Thomas Pvt. Co. G, 6, N. Y. Art Aug. 7913 Lyons, William J Cpl. Co. A, 47, N. Y. Inf Sept. 37 Mace, Jefferson Pvt. Co. I, 134, N. Y. Inf Mch. 10850 Mack, J Pvt. Co. D, 39, N. Y. Inf Oct. (Ad. G. N. Y. says " Jacob Mack.") 13069 Mackey, John H Pvt. Co. I, 5, N. Y. Nov. (.\d. G. N. Y. says "5th Veteran Infantry." 4823 Madden, Charles Pvt. Co. D, 1, N. Y. Cav Aug. (Ad. G. N. Y. says "1st Veteram Cavalry.") 10506 Madden, Furgus Sgt. Co. E, 123, N. Y. Inf Oct. 3933 Madden, Peter Pvt. Co. E, 155, N. Y. Inf July 11257 Maddigan, John Pvt. Co. B, 135, N. Y. Inf.... Oct. 9798 Madison, D Pvt. Co. C, 75, N. Y. Inf Sept. Died 16, 1864. 10, 1864. Cause Diarrhoea Scorbutus 10, 1865.. DeblUtis 28, 1864. 19, 1864. 5, 1864. 13, 1864. 13, 1864. C. Diarrhoea A. Diarrhoea C. Diarrhoea Diarrhoea Diarrhoea IT, 1864.. Scorbutus 5, 1864.. Scorbutus (Ad. G. N. Y. says "Not found.") 9353 Maerkle, John G Pvt. Co. A, 15, N. Y. Art Sept. 4709 Maguckin, Andrew Sgt. Co. C, 1, N. Y. Cav Aug. 4028 Mahon, C Pvt Co. G, 17, N. Y. Inf July (Ad. G. N. Y. says " Not found.") 122 Mahon, Samuel Pvt. Co. K, 132, N. Y. Inf Mch. 2896 Maiers, Wilhelm Pvt. Co. C, 54, N. Y. Inf July S842 Mailer, James R Sgt. Co. B, 134, N. Y. Inf Aug. 11679 Main, William C Pvt. Co. A, 85, N. Y. Inf Oct. 7942 MaUich, Michael Pvt. Co. D, 6, N. Y. Cav Sept. 9457 Malone, Patrick Pvt. Co. F, 123, N. Y. Inf Sept. 11447 Maloney, James Pvt. Co. G, 73, N. Y. Inf Oct. 4392 Manahan, John Pvt. Co. D, 73, N. Y. Inf July (Ad. G. N.. Y. says "John Monahan.") 7600 Mandeville, William Pvt. Co. F, 85, N. Y. Inf Sept. 2802 Mangam, Michael Pvt. Co. I, 7, N. Y. H. Art... July (Ad. G. N. Y. says "Michael Mangum.") 10728 Manning, Benjamin F. . . Pvt. Co. A, 14, N. Y. Art Oct. 10623 Manning, T Pvt. Co. — , 33, N. Y. Inf Oct. (Ad. G. N. Y. says " Not found.") 10540 Manning, Thomas Pvt. Co. B, 125, N. Y. Inf . . . . Oct. 2952 Mannweiler, Jacob Pvt. Co. C, 74, N. Y. Inf July 7830 Manson, George Pvt. Co. H, 6, N. Y. Art Sept. 8370 Manzer, David Pvt. Co. C, 3, N. Y. Art Sept. 10308 Margraff, William Pvt. Co. H, 64, N. Y. Inf Oct. 4000 Marley, John Pvt. Co. E, 53, N. Y. Inf. . . . July (Ad. G. N. Y. says " Not found.") 676 Maroney, Joseph Pvt. Co. G, 132, N. Y. Inf Apr. (Ad. G. N. Y. says "Joseph Moroney.") 14 8, 1864.. 35, 1864.. 21, 1864., 36, 1864.. 30, 1864.. 4, 1864. 26, 1864. . 23, 1864.. 5, 1864.. 16, 1864. , 31, 1864.. 5, 1864.. 21, 1864.. 34, 1864.. 31, 1864.. 2, 1864.. 3, 1864.. 11, 1864.. 10, 1864.. 8, 1864.. 6, 1864.. 4, 1864.. 9, 1864.. 4, 1864.. 26, 1864.. C. Diarrhoea C. Diarrhoea Scorbutus Scorbutus Scorbutus Dysentery Tonsilitis Tj'phus fever Anasarca Erysipelas Scorbutus C. Diarrhoea Scorbutus Scorbutus Diarrhoea Scorbutus Scorbutus Scorbutus Scorbutus Scorbutus A. Diarrhoea Dysentery Diarrhoea Diarrhoea Diarrhoea 23, 1864. . Phthisis 210 STATE OF NEW YORK E>3rsentery Diarrhoea Anasarca Scorbutus Dysentery C. Diarrhoea No. Name Organization Died Cause 3824 Marsh, Ira Pvt. Co. M, 6, N. Y Art July 23, 1864. . Scorbutus 2856 Marsh, Jerome D Pvt. Co. E, 22, N. Y. Cav July 3, 1864. . C. Diarrhoea 5407 Marsh, John Pvt Co. D, 104, N. Y. Inf Aug. 12, 1864. . Diarrhoea (Ad. G. N. Y. says "John March.") 1073 Marten, William Pvt. Co. D, 13, N. Y. Cav May 13, 1864.. C. Diarrlioca (Ad. G. N. Y. says " William Martin." Latter on headstone.) 3441 Martin, Anthony Cpl. Co. F, 12, N. Y. Cav July 17, 1864. . 6543 Martin, Charles Pvt Co. G, 42, N. Y. Inf Aug. 23, 1864. . (Ad. G. N. Y. says "And 82, Inf.") 435 Martin, Collins Pvt Co. A, 12, N. Y. Cav Apr. 8, 1864. , 11600 Martin, Edward A Pvt Co. B, 5, N. Y. Cav Oct. 28, 1864. . 4321 Martin, H Pvt Co. H, 76, N. Y. Inf July 31, 1864. . (Ad. G. N. Y. says "Not found.") 5086 Martin, Hector C Pvt Co. B, 24, N. Y. L. Art. . Aug. 8, 1864. . (This is supposed to be intended for " 24, N. Y. Independent Battery " though record as given was checked as correct by Ad. G. N. Y.) 6293 Martin, John Cpl. Co. L, 16, N. Y. Cav Aug. 20, 1864. . Scorbutus 12208 Martin, John Pvt. Co. G, 39, N. Y. Inf Dec. 2, 1864. . Diarrhoea (Ad. G. N. Y. says "James Martin.") 8003 Martin, Nicholas Pvt Co. F, 142, N. Y. Inf Sept 6, 1864.. Scorbutus 9164 Martin, Patrick Pvt Co. H, 99, N. Y. Inf Sept. 18, 1864. . Scorbutus 1256 Martin, Peter Pvt Co. I, 40, N. Y. Inf -May 21, 1864.. A. Diarrhoea 8746 Martin, William H Pvt Co. M, 4, N. Y. H. Art.. Sept 14, 1864.. Diarrhoea 617 Marton, Charles Pvt Co. A, 47, N. Y. Inf Apr. 18, 1864.. Diarrhoea (Ad. G. N. Y. says "Charles Martin.") Headstone reads " Chas. Monton." 10483 Mason, Theodore Cpl. Co. I, 14, N. Y. Art Oct 7, 1864.. Scorbutus 11997 Mastenson, Andrew Pvt Co. C, 65, N. Y. Inf Nov. 13, 1864.. Scorbutus (Headstone reads "Andrew Matenson.") 11290 Masterson, Edward Pvt. Co. L, 2, N. Y. Cav Oct. 22, 1864. . 2315 Mastin, Samuel P Pvt Co. I, 85, N. Y. Inf June 22, 1864.. 5651 Matterson, Richard Pvt Co. D, 85, N. Y. Inf Aug. 14, 1864. . 4472 Matthews, H Pvt. Co. M, 12, N. Y. Cav Aug. 1, 1864. . (Ad. G. N. Y. says " H^nr^ Matthews.") 2100 Mattice, Henry C Pvt Co. E, 134, N. Y. Inf June 17, 1864.. C. Diarrhoea 8241 Maiirschutz, Baron V... Pvt Co. F, 65, N. Y. Inf Sept 9, 1864.. Scorbutus 11296 Ma.xson, Horace L Pvt Co. C, 85, N. Y. Inf Oct 22, 1864.. Scorbutus (Register and headstone reads "Horace L. Mason" but record as given has been verified by Ad. G. N. Y.) 4946 Maxum, Smith E Pvt Co. A, 12, N. Y. Cav Aug. 7, 1864. . 10498 MaxweU, Joseph Pvt Co. D, 85, N. Y. Inf Oct. 8, 1864. . 1477 Maxwell, Robert Pvt Co. B, 48, N. Y. Inf May 30, 1864.. 3618 Maynic, Frank Pvt. Co. F, 99, N. Y. Inf July 20, 1864. . (Ad. G. N. Y. says " Frank Maynicie.") 9864 McArdell, Moses Pvt Co. H, 15, N. Y. Cav Sept 27, 1864. . 10519 McAllister, James A.... Pvt. Co. I, 125, N. Y. Inf.... Oct 8, 1864.. 6227 McArthur, William Pvt. Co. L, 9, N. Y. Cav Aug. 30, 1864. . Dysentery 1035 McArty, Patrick Pvt. Co. K, 132, N. Y. Inf May 11, 1864.. Diarrhoea 9633 McArty, Timothy E Pvt. Co. K, 2, N. Y. Rifles Sept. 24, 1864. . Diarrhoea 9266 McAuley, H. W Sgt Co. G, 47, N. Y. Inf Sept 19, 1864.. Scorbutus 7995 McBride, Thomas Pvt Co. K, 52, N. Y. Inf Sept. 6, 1864. . Scorbutus Scorbutus C. Diarrhoea Scorbutus Diarrhoea Diarrhoea Scorbutus Wounds Dysentery Scorbutus Scorbutus ANDERSONVILLE MONUMENT DEDICATION 211 No. Name Organization 2196 McCabe, J Pvt. Co. C, 44, N. Y. Inf June (Ad. G. N. Y. says " Not found.") 4508 McCabe, James Pvt. Co. E, 88, N. Y. Inf Aug. 3233 McCabe, John Pvt. Co. F, 13, N. Y. Cav July 2517 McCabe, P Sgt. Co. F, 12, N. Y. Cav June (Ad. G. N. Y. says " Patrick McCabe.") 732 McCabe, Peter Sgt. Co. E, 2, N. Y. Cav Apr. (No rank on headstone.) 8324 McCafferty, Wesley .... Pvt. Co. D, 100, N. Y. Inf. . . . Sept. 10716 McCane, L Pvt. Co. C, 18, N. Y. Oct. 7620 McCartin, Laughlin Pvt. Co. B, 9, N. Y. Art Sept. 4480 McCarty, Dennis Pvt Co. G, 2, N. Y. Art Aug. 3413 McCarty, Dennis Pvt. Co. G, 155, N. Y. Inf July 5121 McCarty, James Pvt. Co. H, 99, N. Y. Inf Aug. 6136 McCarty, John Pvt Co. E, 104, N. Y. Inf Aug. (Ad. G. N. Y. says " Not found.") 4759 McCarty, John P\i:. Co. K, 69, N. Y. Inf Aug. 2965 McCarty, Simon J Pvt Co. I, 99, N. Y. Inf July 8354 McCarty, Michael Pvt. Co. A, 69, N. Y. Inf Sept. 6440 McCloud, John Pvt. Co. A, 97, N. Y. Inf Sept. (Death probably occurred Aug. 22, 1864.) 8242 McClusky, Thomas Pvt. Co. E, 139, N. Y. Inf Sept. 1344 McColgan, Patrick Pvt. Co. F, 99, N. Y. Inf May 8507 McColIum, Daniel Pvt. Co. F, 57, N. Y. Inf Sept. 4416 McConnell, Levi Pvt Co. E, 9, N. Y. Art July 1433 McCormack, Peter Pvt Co. I, 39, N. Y. Inf May 7441 McCormick, John Pvt Co. F, 43, N. Y. Inf Sept. 3629 McCormick, John Pvt. Co. H, 155, N. Y. Inf July 6697 McCormick, Hugh Pvt Co. K, 69, N. Y. Inf Aug. 9018 McCormick, Hugh Pvt Co. F, 178, N. Y. Inf Sept 11110 McCormick, Michael Pvt. Co. K, 93, N. Y. Inf Oct 10258 McCormick, Patrick Pvt. Co. D, 43, N. Y. Inf Oct 5203 McCormick, W Pvt. Co. I, 2, N. Y. Art Aug. (Ad. G. N. Y. says " 'William McCormick." 8685 McCotter, Wilson Pvt. Co. B, 83, N. Y. Inf Sept. 6012 McCourt, Hugh Pvt. Co. G, 7, N. Y. Art Aug. (Ad. G. N. Y. says "Hugh M. McCourt." 7675 McCoy, John Pvt Co. L, 1, N. Y. Cav Sept. (Ad. G. N. Y. says " 1st Veteran Cavalry." 7730 McCrackin, Benjamin .. Pvt Co. B, 7, N. Y. Art Sept 6203 McCrlnk, John Pvt 24, N. Y. Ind. Battery. . . Aug. 10778 McDavid, J Pvt. Co. D, 5, N. Y. Oct (Ad. G. N. Y. says "Not found.") 6912 McDermott Peter Pvt. Co. H, 164, N. Y. Inf Aug. 8126 McDevjne, Matthew Pvt Co. C, 76, N. Y. Inf Sept. (Ad. G. N. Y. says "Matthew Devine.") 8969 McDonald, Archibald ... Cpl. 24, N. Y. Ind. Battery... Sept 7140 McDonald, Bernard Pvt. Co. B, 52, N. Y. Inf Aug. (Headstone reads " Barnard McDonald.") 4013 McDonald, John Pvt. Co. D, 164, N. Y. Inf. . . . July Died 19, 1864. 1, 1864. 12, 1864 A. Diarrhoea Diarrhoea 12, 1864., . C. Diarrhoea 25, 1864. . Dysentery 9, 1864. . C. Diarrhoea 10, 1864.. Scorbutus 2, 1864.. C. Diarrhoea 1. 1864., . C. Diarrhoea 16, 1864.. A. Diarrhoea 9, 1864. . Scorbutus 19 1864., 5, 1864. 6, 1864. 10, 1864. 1, 1864. 9, 1864. 24, 1864. 11, 1864. 31, 1864. 28, 1864. 1, 1864. 20, 1864. 24, 1864. 17, 1864. 18, 1864. 3, 1864. 10, 1864. ) 13, 1864. 17, 1864. ) Diarrhoea A. Diarrhoea Scorbutus Scorbutus Diarrhoea A. Diarrhoea Diarrhoea Diarrhoea A. Diarrhoea Dysentery Dysentery Scorbutus Diarrhoea C. Diarrhoea Scorbutus Diarrhoea Scorbutus Diarrhoea 3, 1864.. Diarrhoea ) 3, 1864. 19, 1864. 11, 1864. 26, 1864. 8, 1864. 16, 1864. 28, 1864. Scorbutus Diarrhoea Scorbutus Scorbutus Scorbutus C. Diarrhoea Diarrhoea 26, 1864.. Dysentery 212 STATE OF NEW YORK iS'o. yame Organization Died Cause 7T+5 McDonald, John H Pvt. Co. E, 85, N. Y. Inf Sept. 3, 1864.. Diarrhoea 10002 McDonald, Thomas Cpl. Co. A, 95, N. Y. Inf Sept. 28, 1864.. Diarrhoea 12138 McDonald, Thomas Pvt. Co. D, 16, X. Y. Cav Nov. 23, 1864.. Scorbutus (Ad. G. X. Y. says "Thomas McDone//, i)rivate Co. F, 12, N. Y. Cav.") 7359 McDowell, William Pvt. Co. D, 14, X. Y. Art Aug. 30, 1864.. Scorbutus 4089 McElroy, John Pvt. Co. I, 43, N. Y. Inf July 37, 1864.. Diarrhoea (Ad. G. N. Y. says "John Mc^llroy.") 9581 McEneary, Patrick Pvt. Co. G, 7, N. Y. H. Art. . . Sept. 23, 1864. . Diarrhoea (Ad. G. N. Y. says " Patrick McEneany.") 4001 McFadden, James Pvt. Co. F, 39, X. Y. Inf July 25, 1864.. Dysentery 338 McFarland, Andrew Pvt. Co. I, 72, X. Y. Inf -Apr. 4, 1864.. Pneumonia 13334 McGarvey, John Pvt. Co. A, 176, X. Y. Inf Xov. 23, 1864 3665 McGeehan, John Pvt. Co. H, 99, X. Y. Inf June 29, 1864.. C. Diarrhoea 3551 McGibony, Henderson .. Pvt. Co. E, 85, X. Y. Inf July 18, 1864.. Phthisis 12478 McGinn, John Pvt. Co. B, 170, X. Y. Inf Jan. 19, 1865.. Scorbutus 2756 McGiven, William Cpl. Co. B, 158, X. Y. Inf.... July I, 1864.. Scorbutus (Ad. G. N. Y. says " WiUiam JIcGivemi.") 8225 McGowan, Frank Pvt. Co. H, 170, X. Y. Inf Sept. 8, 1864.. Diarrhoea 11116 McGowan, Michael Pvt. Co. L, 6, X. Y. Art Oct. 18, 1864.. Scorbutus 248 McGowen, John Pvt. Co. K, 132, X. Y. Inf.... Mch. 30, 1864.. Diarrhoea (Ad. G. X. Y. says "John MtOowan.") 11714 McGrath, George H Pvt. Co. C, 61, X. Y. Inf Xov. 1, 1864.. Dysentery 1112 McGrath, M Pvt. Co. E, 12, X. Y. Cav May 15, 1864. . C. Diarrhoea (Ad. G. N. Y. says " yiichael McGrath, 12, Infantry") 354 McGrath, Patrick Pvt. Co. D, 52, X. Y. Inf Apr. 4, 1864.. Pneumonia 4995 McGuire, Felix Pvt. Co. C, 140, N. Y. Inf .\ug. 7, 1864.. C. Diarrhoea 6827 McGuire, Patrick Pvt. Co. C, 10, X. Y. Aug. 25, 1864.. Diarrhoea (Ad. G. X. Y. says " Xot found.") 3220 McGuire, Patrick Pvt. Co. F, 100, X. Y. Inf July 12, 1864 12664 McKenna, X Cpl. Co. F, 12, X. Y. Cav Feb. 16, 1865. . Ulcers (Ad. G. XT. Y. says " Xei7 McKenna.") 9390 McKenney, John Pvt. Co. D, 82, X. Y. Inf Sept. 20, 1864.. Diarrhoea (Ad. G. X. Y. says " John McKenna, or McKinlei/, subsequently transferred to 59, Inf.") 5359 McKerchy, J. M Pvt. Co. F, 85, X. Y. Inf Aug. 11, 1864.. Diarrhoea (Ad. G. X. Y. says "Xot found.") 1168 McKinley, John Pvt. Co. I, 99, X. Y. Inf May 17, 1864.. Diarrhoea 4268 McLaren, Robert Pvt. Co. M, 20, X'. Y. Cav July 29, 1864. . Diarrhoea 6850 McLaughlin, John Cpl. Co. B, 63, X. Y. Inf Aug. 25, 1864.. Dysentery (Ad. G. X'^. Y. says "John yichotighlin.") Xo rank on the headstone. 10055 McLaughlin, Owen Pvt. Co. F, 9, N. Y. H. Art... Sept. 30, 1864.. Scorbutus 10392 McLean, Robert Pvt. Co. F, 42, X. Y. Inf Oct. 2, 1864. . Scorbutus (.\d. G. X. Y. says " Robert McClean, also 83d, and 59th Infs.") 3611 Mc.Minn, Clarence L Pvt. Co. E, 3, X. Y. Cav July 19, 1864.. Diarrhoea 6814 McMurn, William Pvt. Co. L, 2, X. Y. Cav Aug. 35. 1864.. Diarrhoea 9969 McXamara, William Pvt. Co. L, 7, N. Y. H. Art. . . Sept. 38, 1864. . Diarrhoea 5406 McXutty, Martin Pvt. Co. E, 85, X. Y. Inf Aug. 12, 1864.. Diarrhoea (Ad. G. X. Y. says "Martin MeXurty.") 2279 McOmber, Walter Pvt. Co. I. 85, X. Y. Inf June 21, 1864.. C. Diarrhoea 3724 McPeck, Henry Pvt. Co. B, 2, X. Y. Cav July 21, 1864. . Diarrhoea (Ad. G. X. Y. says " Henry McPefk.") ANDERSONVILLE MONUMENT DEDICATION 213 Scorbutus Scorbutus Dysentery C. Diarrhoea Scorbutus No. Name Organization Died Cause 7371 McPherson, WiUiam .... Pvt. Co. F, 14, N. Y. Art Aug. 30, 1864.. Scorbutus 5868 McQuillian, Alex Pvt. Co. L, 6, N. Y. Art Aug. 16, 1864.. Diarrhoea (Ad. G. N. Y. says "Alexander McQuillian.") 8899 McSorley, James Pvt. Co. M, 30, N. Y. Cav Sept. 16, 1864. . Scorbutus 3137 Mead, Patrick Pvt. Ret. Co. L, N. Y. L. Art. July 10, 1864.. Diarrhoea (Ad. G. N. Y. says " The only ' Patrick Mead ' in 1, N. Y. L. Art., was Co. F, who appears as a deserter May 4, 1861, at Culpeper, Va.") 4381 Meek, Christian Pvt. Co. E, 39, N. Y. Inf July 30, 1864.. Diarrhoea (Ad. G. N. Y. says " ChTisfo])her Meek.") ISO Megran, or Megram, Wm. H Pvt. Co. E, 99, X. Y. Inf Mch. 25, 1864. . Pneumonia (Headstone reads " Wm. H. Megram."— Q. M. G. O., No. 213,333, Apr. 8, '08) Report of Ad. G. N. Y. 1903, pp. 1319 states this man is also borne as " McGran and " Megrean.") 11580 Meinhardt, Charles Pvt. Co. B, 39, N. Y. Inf Oct. 28, 1864.. 11485 Melech, Auge Pvt. Co. A, 48, N. Y. Inf Oct. 26, 1864.. (Ad. G. N. Y. says "Auge Mel/c/cp.") 11167 MeUns, WiUiam Pvt. Co. B, 82, N. Y. Inf Oct. 19, 1864.. (Ad. G. N. Y. says "And 59th Inf.") 2068 Menzie, Adam Pvt. Co. K, 3, N. Y. Art June 16, 1864. . 6537 Merriam, Irving Cpl. Co. L, 22, N. Y. Cav Aug. 23, 1864. . 1123 Merrin, John Pvt. Co. I, 99, N. Y. Inf May 15, 1864.. Dj-sentery 6043 Merritt, Harry D Pvt. Co. F, 76, N. Y. Inf Aug. 18, 1864.. Dysentery 1560 Merville, Sherry A Pvt. Co. C, 1, N. Y. Dragoons. June 2, 1864.. Diarrhoea (Ad. G. N. Y. says " Sperry A. MerviUe.") 11214 Merz, F. M Pvt. Co. I, 5, N. Y. Cav Oct 20, 1864.. Scorbutus (Ad. G. N. Y. says " Not found.") 8906 Messing, Franz Pvt. Co. A, 39, N. Y. Inf Sept. 16, 1864.. Scorbutus 2523 Metcalf, Atkinson Pvt Co. G, 85, N. Y. Inf June 26, 1864.. C. Diarrhoea 9941 Metzdorff, Charles Pvt Co. D, 100, N. Y. Inf Sept 37, 1864.. 8853 Meyer, Henry Cpl. Co. F, 66, N. Y. Inf Sept 15, 1864. . (Ad. G. N. Y. says "Henry Myer.") 11723 Meyer, Jacob Pvt Co. F, 51, N. Y. Inf Nov. 1, 1864.. 6321 Meyers, Joseph Pvt Co. K, 66, N. Y. Inf Aug. 19, 1864.. Dysentery 3750 Midlam, Francis Cpl. Co. A, 12, N. Y. Cav July 22, 1864.. Anasarca 3709 Miesener, Herman Sgt. Co. D, 54, N. Y. Inf June 30, 1864.. C. Diarrhoea (Headstone reads " Hemiann Miesener.") 6303 Milan, Thomas J Sgt. Co. A, 13, N. Y. Cav Aug. 19, 1864. . Diarrhoea 8063 MiUeman, Gardner Pvt. Co. B, 22, N. Y. Cav Sept. 7, 1864. . Diarrhoea (Ad. G. N. Y. says "Gardner Milliman.") 4647 Miller, Charles Pvt Co. I, 111, N. Y. Inf Aug. 3, 1864.. Anasarca 6469 Miller, Charles B Pvt Co. E, 24, N. Y. Cav Aug. 22, 1864. . Diarrhoea 13553 Miller, Franklin Pvt. Co. G, 159, N. Y. Inf Sept. 20, 1864 11523 Miller, George Pvt Co. G, 1 N. Y.— Oct 26, 1864.. Scorbutus (Ad. G. N. Y. says "Not found.") 10627 Miller, Horace W Sgt Co. E, 96, N. Y. Inf Oct 10, 1864.. C. Diarrhoea (Ad. G. N. Y. says " Horace F. MiUer.") SS31 Miller, Jacob Pvt Co. I, 39, N. Y. Inf Aug. 13, 1864.. Scorbutus 8278 Miller, James Pvt. Co. E, 95, N. Y. Inf Sept. 9, 1864. . Scorbutus 11516 Miller, James A Pvt Co. C, 152, N. Y. Inf Oct 26, 1864.. Scorbutus Diarrhoea Diarrhoea Scorbutus 214 STATE OF NEW YORK No. Name Orr/anization Died Cause 950 Sliller, John Pvt. Co. A, 13, N. Y. Cav Sept. 22, 1864. . Scorbutus 628 Miller, John E Pvt. Co. M, 2, N. Y. Cav Apr. 19, 1864. . Pneumonia 3131 Miller, Joseph Pvt. Co. L, 1, N. Y. Cav July 10, 1864. . Scorbutus 708 Miller, O Pvt. Co. G, 126, N. Y. Inf.... Apr. 24, 1864.. C. Dysentery (Ad. G. N. Y. says " Not found.") 5155 Miller, Thomas Sgt. Co. I, 99, N. Y. Inf Aug. 9, 1864.. Diarrhoea 9986 Miller, William Pvt. Co. C, 2, N. Y. Art Sept. 29, 1864.. Scorbutus 168 Milling, Adam Pvt. Co. E, 125, N. Y. Inf Meh. 26, 1864.. Diarrhoea (Ad. G. N. Y. says "Adam Millius.") Headstone reads "Adam Millings." 4720 Millington, Charles Cpl. Co. H, 6, N. Y. Art Aug. 4, 1864. . Bronchitis 8862 Mills, Jay J Pvt. Co. E, 85, N. Y. Inf Sept. 15, 1864. . Scorbutus 2844 Mills, S Pvt. Co. A, 12, N. Y. Cav July 3, 1864. . Anasarca (Ad. G. N. Y. says "Samuel Mills.") 79 Milne, John Pvt. Co. G, 95, N. Y. Inf Mch. 20, 1864. . Pneumonia (.\d. G. N. Y. says "James A. Milne.") 4854 Milspaugh, Frederick . . . Pvt. Co. D, 6, N. Y. H. Art. . . Aug. 6, 1864. . Scorbutus (Ad. G. N. Y. says "Frederick Mikspaugh.") 1889 MindJer, Peter Pvt. Co. I, 1, N. Y. Cav June 13, 1864.. C. Diarrhoea (Ad. G. N. Y. says " Not found.") 4771 Miner, J. Guile Pvt. 24, N. Y. Ind. Battery... Aug. 5, 1864.. Diarrhoea 10116 Missinger, C Pvt. Co. L, 1, N. Y. Cav Oct. 1, 1864. . Scorbutus (Ad. G. N. Y. says "Not found.") 9939 MitcheU, John Pvt. Co. L, 120, N. Y. Inf.... Sept. 28, 1864.. Diarrhoea (Headstone reads '' U. S. A." change to " N. Y." to be made.) 8080 Mitchell, Jonathan T Pvt. Co. E, 125, N. Y. Inf Sept. 7, 1864.. Diarrhoea 2486 Moe, John J Pvt. Co. I, 120, N. Y. Inf June 25, 1864. . Diarrhoea 4121 Moffet, James Pvt. Co. C, 7, N. Y. Art July 28, 1864. . Diarrhoea (Ad. G. N. Y. says "James Moffat*.") 5720 Monaghon, John Sgt. Co. D, 66, N. Y. Inf Aug. 15, 1864.. Diarrhoea (Headstone reads "John Monaghon.") 4441 Monahon, John Pvt. Co. C, 85, N. Y. Inf July 31, 1864.. Diarrhoea 11537 Manahon, Peter Pvt. Co. D, 88, N. Y. Inf Oct. 27, 1864.. Scorbutus 11961 Monroe, Andrew J Pvt. Co. G, 22, N. Y. Cav Nov. 11, 1864. . Scorbutus 4658 Monroe, George R Cpl. Co. G, 111, N. Y. Inf Aug. 3, 1864.. Scorbutus 3512 Montag, George Pvt Co. B, 39, N. Y. Inf July 18, 1864.. Scorbutus 5635 Montel, Henry Pvt. Co. B, 52, N. Y. Inf Aug. 14, 1864.. Dysentery 10631 Montross, George H Pvt. Co. L, 7, N. Y. Art Oct. 10, 1864.. C. Diarrhcer. 8461 Moody, Charles R Pvt. Co. B, 100, N. Y. Inf Sept. 11, 1864.. Scorbutus 6423 Moody, Thomas Pvt. Co. B, 147, N. Y. Inf Aug. 22, 1864.. Scorbutus (Ad. G. N. Y. says "Not found.") 8417 Mooney, James Pvt. Co. D, 52, N. Y. Inf Sept. 11, 1864.. Diarrhoea 3108 Mooney, Peter Pvt. Co. I', 3, N. Y. Art July 10, 1864.. C. Diarrhoea 10886 Mooney, Thomas Pvt. Co. F, 139, N. Y. Inf Oct. 13, 1864.. Scorbutus 3651 Mooney, Timothy Pvt. Co. D, 188, N. Y. Inf July 20, 1864.. Diarrhoea (Ad. G. N. Y. says "Not found.") 2766 Moore, Ara Bugler Co. E, 22, N. Y. Cav.. July 2, 1864.. Diarrhoea 7656 Moore, Chester C Pvt. Co. B, 1, N. Y. Dragoons. Sept 3, 1864.. Diarrhoea 11829 Moore, Claus Pvt Co. B, 2, N. Y. Art Nov. 5, 1864. . Scorbutus 7767 Moore, John Pvt. Co. H, 39, N. Y. Inf Sept 4, 1864. . Dysentery (Ad. G. N. Y. says " Corporal Co. /.") ANDERSONVILLE MONUMENT DEDICATION 215 No. Name Organization Died Cause 658 Moore, Martin Pvt. Co. C, 7i, N. Y. Inf Apr. 21, 186+.. Diarrhoea 442 Moore, Piiilip H Pvt. Co. M, S, N. Y. Cav Apr. 9, 1864.. Pneumonia 457 Moore, WilUam H. H... Pvt. Co. F, 125, N. Y. Inf Apr. 10, 1864.. Diarrhoea (Ad. G. N. Y. says " WiUiam H. H. Moojj.") 9778 Moore, WilUam S Pvt. Co. D, 85, N. Y. Inf Sept, 26, 1864. . Scorbutus 11650 Moran, D. G Pvt. Co. G, 40, N. Y. Inf Oct. 30, 1864. . Diarrhoea (Ad. G. N. Y. says "Not found.") 6565 Moran, Thomas Pvt. Co. K, 85, N. Y. Inf Aug. 23, 1864.. Ictus Solis 11621 Morcartz, J Pvt. Co. M, 1, N. Y. Oct. 28, 1864. . Scorbutus (Ad. G. N. Y, says "Not found.") 8913 Morgan, Edward L Cpl. Co. F, 12, N. Y. Cav Sept. 16, 1864.. Typhus fever (Ad. G. N. Y. says " Edwin L. Morgan.") 10781 Morgan, Elam Cpl. Co. H, 14, N. Y. Art Oct. 11, 1864. . Scorbutus 7563 Morgan, Emmons A Pvt. Co. C, 179, N. Y. Inf Sept. 2, 1864.. Dysentery 624 Morgan, Henry Pvt. Co. H, 21, N. Y. Cav Apr. 19, 1864. . Diarrhoea 7453 Morgan, Miles Pvt. Co. B, 76, N. Y. Inf Sept. 1, 1864. . Dysentery (Ad. G. N. Y. says " Milo Morgan.") 4686 Morris, Edmond Pvt. Co. K, 7, N. Y. Art Aug. 4, 1864. . Scorbutus 3780 Morris, H Pvt. Co. F, 71, N. Y. Inf July 22, 1864. . Diarrhoea (Ad. G. N. Y. says "Not found.") 11226 Morris, James Pvt. Co. A, 99, N. Y. Inf Oct. 20, 1864. . Scorbutus 6069 Morris, John Pvt. Co. K, 70, N. Y. Inf Aug. 18, 1864. . Typhus fever 5865 Morris, John A Pvt. Co. C, 7, N. Y. Art Aug. 16, 1864. . Enteritis 9373 Morris, Lyman R Pvt. Co. B, 85, N. Y. Inf Sept. 20, 1864. . Scorbutus (Ad. G. N. Y. says "Lyman K. Morris.") 12387 Morris, Robert Pvt. Co. G, 66, N. Y. Inf Jan. 3, 1865. . Scorbutus 7703 Morris, Theodore A Sgt. Co. E, 111, N. Y. Inf.... Sept. 3, 1864.. Diarrhoea 9944 Morris, Thomas Pvt. Co. C, 65, N. Y. Inf Sept. 28, 1864. . Scorbutus 8596 Morrison, John Pvt Co. E, 146, N. Y. Inf. . . . Sept. 12, 1864. . Scorbutus 8638 Morrison, William Pvt. Co. I, 5, N. Y. Cav Sept 13, 1864. . Gangrene 7958 Morse, Ezra Pvt. Co. L, 5, N. Y. Cav Sept. 6, 1864. . Diarrhoea 8031 Morse, John L Cpl. Co. B, 5, N. Y. Cav Sept. 6, 1864. . Scorbutus 12511 Morse, Joseph Pvt. Co. L, 1, N. Y. Cav Jan. 23, 1865. . Scorbutus (Ad. G. N. Y. says " 1st Veteran Cavalry.") 7672 Mortimer, William Pvt. Co. A, 5, N. Y. Sept. 3, 1864. . Diarrhoea (Ad. G. N. Y. says "Not found.") 3181 Morton, Henry Pvt. Co. C, 61, N. Y. Inf July 11, 1864. . Scorbutus (Ad. G. N. Y. says " Henry Mortun.") 2872 Moses, Luther Pvt. Co. E, 85, N. Y. Inf July 4, 1864. . Scorbutus 7079 Mosher, E Pvt. Co. D, 9, N. Y. Art Aug. 28, 1864. . Diarrhoea (Ad. G. N. Y. says "Not found.") 11016 Mosher, Marion W Pvt. Co. G, 4, N. Y. Oct 16, 1864. . Scorbutus (Ad. G. N. Y. says "4th Artillery.") 10152 Mosier, Edward Pvt. Co. E, 9, N. Y. Art Oct. 1, 1864. . Diarrhoea 8711 Moss, William S Cpl. Co. M, 7, N. Y. Art Sept. 13, 1864. . Scorbutus 10211 Mott, Henry Pvt Co. A, 12, N. Y. Cav Oct. 1, 1864. . Scorbutus 12003 Motts, C Pvt 24, N. Y. Ind. Battery... Nov. 14, 1864.. Scorbutus (Ad. G. N. Y. says "Not found.") 216 STATE OF NEW YORK No. Name 6585 Moylan, John . . Scorbutus Dysentery Scorbutus Scorbutus Scorbutus A. Diarrhoea Organization Died Cause .... Pvt. Co. F, 51, N. Y. Inf Aug. 23, 1864.. Diarrhoea (Ad. G. N. Y. says 'John Mi/on.") 6865 Mueler, Frederick Pvt. Co. D, 15, N. Y. Art Aug. 26, 1864.. Diarrhoea (Ad. G. N. Y. says " Fre