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 VN HISTORICAL ACCOUNT 
 
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 Anne Bachman Hyde 
 
AN HISTORICAL ACCOUNT 
 
 
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 ISSUED BY 
 
 
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 BY Anne Bachman Hyde 
 
 The association known as The United Daughters 
 of the Confederacy is a distinctive body composed of 
 organizations in many States, known as Divisions, which 
 take their name from the State or Territory in which 
 they are located. 
 
 The divisions are composed of chapters in the 
 various towns and cities. The first chapter to be or- 
 ganized in any State is known as the charter chapter. 
 
 The United Daughters of the Confederacy is 
 unique among women's organizations, in that, while it 
 may have a friendly affiliation with other societies, the 
 objects and purposes are such that it cannot federate 
 with any other body. These objects are social, benevo- 
 lent, educational, historical and memorial, and will be 
 treated of in their respective order. 
 
 Beginning with the dark days of the war between 
 the States, Southern women, by a common impulse, 
 associated themselves together for the purpose of 
 caring for wounded soldiers, for securing hospital sup- 
 
plies, and in many instances, assisted by faithful slaves, 
 in burying the dead. After the war was over memo- 
 rial associations were formed in the various Southern 
 States for providing a last resting place for the many 
 Confederate dead scattered throughout the countr3\ 
 and, whenever possible, each State gathered together 
 her own, placing them in separate cemeteries and 
 erecting^ monuments to them. 
 
 'to 
 
 In other instances where it was not possible to 
 bring them home, the women collected money to assist 
 in building a general monument such as the Pyramid 
 in Hollywood, in Richmond, where lie buried 16,000 
 Confederate dead, representing every Southern State, 
 many of them marked ''Unknown," the saddest epi- 
 taph ever carved above a soldier's grave. 
 
 The work of these memorial associations is so 
 great that a separate article will have to record their 
 labors. 
 
 But many of them, by a natural process, after the 
 formation of the federation known as "Confederate Vet- 
 erans," became "The Daughters of the Confederacy," 
 and these were formally organized into a body known 
 as "The United Daughters of the Confederacy," on 
 September 10, 1894 at Nashville, Tenn., and Mrs. M. 
 C. Goodlett, of that city is recognized as the founder 
 of the organization and so called. 
 
 However, the same idea seems to have been fos- 
 tered in other minds, just as memorial day came into 
 existence in many Southern towns at the same time, 
 and the first constitution and by-laws were drawn up 
 
by Mrs. L. H. Raines, of Savannah, Georgia, and she 
 also suggested that the various associations of Confed- 
 erate women should adopt one name and one badge. 
 
 The organization was at first called ''National 
 Daughters of the Confederacy," but as it was at that 
 time too limited in its scope for such a title, it became 
 "The United Daughters of the Confederacy," popularly 
 known as U. D. C, and its conventions held annually, 
 are known as General Conventions. 
 
 The badge adopted by the U. D. C. is of gold and 
 consists of the flag of the Confederacy, known as the 
 "Stars and Bars" surrounded by a wreath of laurel 
 with the letters U. D. C. under its folds, and on the 
 loop of the ribbon beneath it the years 61-65, and to 
 honor its significance, it is forbidden to make it into 
 hat pins or other ornaments. 
 
 The emblem of the U. D. C. represents a full 
 cotton boll, suggestive of the wealth of the South 
 before the war, placed against a large star, on the five 
 points of which are engraved the words "dare, think, 
 pray, live, love." 
 
 The seal of the U. D. C. consists of a reproduc- 
 tion of the great seal of the Confederacy, with the 
 addition of the inscription : "The United Daughters of 
 the Confederacy," on the outer rim. The great seal 
 was designed and made by Joseph Wyon of London in 
 1864 for James M. Mason, and was the symbolical 
 emblem of the sovereignty of the Confederacy and the 
 ' motto of the seal was "Deo Vindice." 
 
The first convention of the U. D. C. was held in 
 Nashville, Tenn., November, 1895, and there were only 
 five States represented. 
 
 At the fourth convention, which met in Baltimore, 
 1897, the Grand Division of Confederate Women in 
 Virginia, came into the organization as one body, a 
 movement which had long been contemplated, but re- 
 tarded on account of some technicalities. 
 
 The women of St. Louis had organized as 
 "Daughters of Confederacy of Missouri," in 1890, and 
 maintained themselves as a separate organization until 
 the U. D. C. met at Hot Springs, Arkansas, 1898, 
 when in a generous manner they relinquished their 
 separate association and came into the general body. 
 
 So materially aided by these two great States the 
 organization has made steady progress. 
 
 At the convention which met in Richmond, Va., 
 1899, resolutions were passed adopting the name ''War 
 Between the States," to describe the great struggle of 
 '61-65 and "The Confederate Veteran," published at 
 Nashville, Tenn., recognized as the official organ. 
 
 There are now chapters in 33 States and Terri- 
 tories and in the District of Columbia and the Republic 
 of Mexico, so it may yet come to pass that the organ- 
 ization will be national and perhaps international. 
 
 The U. D. C. has met twice in the State of Ark- 
 ansas ; at Hot Springs in 1898, and the 17th General 
 Convention was held at Little Rock, November, 1910. 
 
The Eighteenth Convention will meet in Rich- 
 mond, Va., November, 191 1. 
 
 The general conventions of the U. D. C. have been 
 held annually as follows : 
 
 Organized — Nashville, Tenn., September 10, 
 1894; Mrs. M. C. Goodlett, presiding. 
 
 First Convention — Nashville, Tenn., March 30, 
 1895 j Mrs. M. C. Goodlett, President, presiding. 
 
 Second Convention — Atlanta, Ga., November 8, 
 1895; Mrs. M. C. Goodlett, President, presiding. 
 
 Third Convention — Nashville, Tenn., November 
 II, 1896; Mrs. John C. Brown, President, resigned; 
 Mrs. T. H. Raines, First Vice-President, presiding. 
 
 Fourth Convention — Baltimore, Md., November 
 10-12, 1897; Mrs. Fitzhugh Tee, President, absent; 
 Mrs. D. Giraud Wright, First Vice-President, presid- 
 ing. 
 
 Fifth Convention — Hot Springs, Ark., November 
 9-12, 1898; Mrs. Katie Cabell Currie, President, pre- 
 siding. 
 
 Sixth Convention — Richmond, Va., November 8- 
 II, 1899; Mrs. Katie Cabell Currie, President, pre- 
 siding. 
 
Seventh Convention — Montgomery, Ala., Novem- 
 ber 14-17, 1900; Mrs. Edwin G. Weed, President, pre- 
 siding. 
 
 Eighth Convention — Wihnington, N. C, Novem- 
 ber 13-16, 1901 ; Mrs. Edwin G. Weed, President, pre- 
 siding. 
 
 Ninth Convention — New Orleans, La., November 
 12-15, 1902; Mrs. James A. Romisaville, President, 
 presiding. 
 
 Tenth Convention — Charleston, S. C, November 
 11-14, 1903; Mrs. James A. Romisaville, President, 
 presiding. 
 
 Eleventh Convention — St. Louis, Mo., October 4- 
 8, 1904; Mrs. Augustine T. Smythe, President, pre- 
 siding. 
 
 Thirteenth Convention — Gulfport, Miss., Novem- 
 ber 14-17, 1906; Mrs. Lizzie G. Henderson, President, 
 presiding. 
 
 Fourteenth Convention — Norfolk, Va., November 
 13-16, 1907; Mrs. Lizzie G. Henderson, President, 
 presiding. 
 
 Fifteenth Convention — Atlanta, Ga., November 
 11-14, 1908; Mrs. Cornelia Branch Stone, President, 
 presiding. 
 
 Sixteenth Convention — Houston, Tex., October 
 19-22, 1909; Mrs. Cornelia Branch Stone, President, 
 presiding. 
 
Seventeenth Convention — Little Rock, Ark., No- 
 vember 8-12, 1910; Mrs. Virginia Faulkner McSherry, 
 President, presiding. 
 
 ®I|? (Btnnvil WffxttvB 0f tl^B 1. i. (H. nxt as 
 
 foUfltUS: 
 
 Mrs. Virginia Faulkner McSherry, 
 
 Martinsburg, W. Va. 
 President General. 
 
 Mrs. L. C. Hall Dardanelle, Ark. 
 
 First Vice President General. 
 
 Mrs. Mary E. Bryan 
 
 1619 LaBranch St., Houston, Tex. 
 Second Vice President General. 
 
 Mrs. Thos. T. Stevens 450 Luckie St., Atlanta, Ga. 
 
 Third Vice President General. 
 
 Mrs. Roy Weaks McKinney 
 
 Drawer 490, Paducah, Ky. 
 Recording Secretary General. 
 
 Mrs. Katie Childress Schnabel, 
 
 Box 1654, New Orleans, La. 
 Corresponding Secretary General. 
 
 Mrs. C. B. Tate Pulaski, Va. 
 
 Treasurer General. 
 
 Mrs. James B. Gantt Jefferson City, Mo. 
 
 Registrar General. 
 
 Mrs. J. Enders Robinson 
 
 113 Third St., South Richmond,. Va. 
 Historian General. 
 
Mrs. L. H. Raines. . . .908 Duffy St., E. Savannah, Ga. 
 Custodian of Cross of Honor. 
 
 Mrs. Frank Anthony Walke Norfolk, Va. 
 
 Custodian Flags and Pennants. 
 
 Mrs. M. C. Goodlett Nashville, Tenn. 
 
 Honorary President and Founder. 
 
 Mrs. Stonewall Jackson .Charlotte, N. C. 
 
 Honorary President. 
 
 Mrs. William Pritchard San Francisco, Cal. 
 
 Honorary President. 
 
 Mrs. Virginia Clay Clopton Huntsville, Ala. 
 
 Honorary President. 
 
 Mrs. L. H. Raines Savannah, Ga. 
 
 Honorary President. 
 
 Mrs. John H. Reagan Palestine, Tex. 
 
 Honorary President. 
 
 Mrs. John S. Williams ]\It. Sterling, Ky. 
 
 Honorary President. 
 
 Mrs. Magnus S. Thompson. .North Chevy Chase, Mel 
 Honorary President. 
 
 Mrs. Sarah D. Eggleston Raymond, Miss. 
 
 Honorary President. 
 
 Mrs. C. Helen Plane Atlanta, Ga. 
 
 Honorary President. 
 
 10 
 
Mrs. Norman V. Randolph Richmond, Va. 
 
 Honorary President. 
 
 Mrs. John W. Tench Gainesville, Fla. 
 
 Honorary President. 
 
 Mrs. Daisy Hampton Tucker Washington, D. C. 
 
 Honorary President. 
 
 Mrs. John B. Richardson New Orleans, La. 
 
 Honorary President. 
 
 *Mrs. S. E. Gabbett .Atlanta, Ga. 
 
 These officers are elected to serve one year and 
 until their successors shall be duly elected and quali- 
 fied. 
 
 The number of honorary presidents, exclusive of 
 the honorary president general, are limited to fourteen 
 at any one time, all of whom shall be elected for life. 
 
 The office of honorary .president general, is to re- 
 main vacant as a memorial to Mrs. Jefferson Davis, 
 wife of the only president of the Southern Confeder- 
 acy. 
 
 The constitution requires the annual observance of 
 the birthday of Jefferson Davis, President of the Con- 
 federate States (June 3), and that of Robert E. Lee, 
 Commander-in-Chief of the Confederate army (Janu- 
 ary 19) , and provides that each State may choose her 
 
 "^Died in Atlanta, July, 191 1. 
 
 11 
 
own memorial day and show that it is just patriotism, 
 when 
 
 "We, the dying pause 
 
 To honor those who live." 
 
 As an organization, the U. D. C. deprecates the 
 use of the phrase, ''The Lost Cause," feeling that a 
 cause may be defeated, but not lost, and that a prin- 
 ciple which was just and true cannot die and thus you 
 will read upon many a soldier's tomb : 
 
 "There is no holier spot of ground 
 Than where defeated valor lies." 
 
 The U. D. C. requests that all divisions and chap- 
 ters when marking graves of Confederate soldiers 
 shall place just after their name and regiment the let- 
 ters "C. S. A." 
 
 The United States Government has generously 
 done this when marking the graves of the Confederate 
 soldiers it transferred to Arlington. 
 
 \ 
 
 '^. iEltgthtlttti 
 
 The constitution provides that those women are 
 entitled to membership who are the widows, wives, 
 mothers, sisters and nieces and lineal descendants of 
 such men as served honorably in the Confederate army, 
 navy or civil service ; or of those men, unfit for active 
 duty, who loyally gave aid to the cause. 
 
 Also 'Southern women who can give proof of per- 
 ,sonal service or loyal aid to the Southern cause during 
 
 12 
 
the jkvar ; and the lineal descendants or nieces of sucli 
 women wherever living. The whole membership is 
 based on Confederate blood, the one exception being 
 a Northern woman who marries a Confederate veteran, 
 and as the President General so well puts it : "This 
 exception is specifically provided for in the constitu- 
 tion, and is based on the principle, 'they twain shall 
 be one flesh.' " 
 
 An important change was made in the constitution 
 at the Little Rock Convention in the eligibility clause, 
 eliminating "grand-nieces" and extending it no farther 
 than nieces and lineal descendants of such men as hon- 
 orably served in the Confederate army, navy or civil 
 service. 
 
 This does not debar any women of Confederate 
 lineage wdiere such lineage can he traced through a 
 loyal mother, grandmother or great-grandmother, as 
 well as collaterallv from a 2Teat uncle. 
 
 fe' 
 
 The Arkansas Division ^f the ll/l). C. \' 
 gania^d at Hat Springs, Ootober 11/1897, wjm eight 
 
 s or- 
 
 The Charter Chapter of Arkansas, located at 
 Hope, was organized in March, 1896. A State division 
 was organized October 20, 1896 with Mrs. C. A. 
 Forney, President. 
 
 The Memorial Chapter of Little Rock grew out 
 of the Memorial Aid Association, which was formed in 
 1889 and was chartered as a chapter of the U. D. C. 
 April 1896, and is now the largest chapter in the State. 
 
 13 
 
Through the careful efforts of this chapter, a 
 burial place has been secured for the Confederate dead, 
 their bodies removed to it and their graves marked. A 
 handsome speakers' stand has been erected and a stone 
 wall surrounds the cemetery. 
 
 The J. M. Keller Chapter was organized in 1901 
 by Mrs. S. S. Wassell and through the instrumentality 
 of this chapter, the annex for aged women was added 
 to the Confederate Soldiers Home and they have re- 
 cently unveiled a boulder, marked as a memorial to 
 the Confederate women of Arkansas, in the grounds of 
 the old State House. 
 
 At the Little Rock Convention, the U. D. C. in- 
 dorsed the action of the Arkansas Division in its effort 
 to preserve the old State House of Arkansas in which 
 the Ordinance of Secession was enacted and around 
 which clusters the history of the State since 1836. 
 
 A flourishing chapter called Margaret Rose 
 has recently been formed, and the latest organ- 
 ization is the chapter called the Gen. T. J. Churchill, in 
 honor of one of the great sons of Arkansas, and the 
 hero of Arkansas Post against overwhelming odds. 
 
 m\ntB of ib^ 1. i. (H. 
 
 I. Social. 
 
 When Harry McCarthy wrote : "We are a band 
 of brothers and native to the soil," he described in one 
 line the homogeneity of the South. 
 
 14 
 
1^ wmy'':\-:\i 
 
 [Arkansas Confederate Monument. State Capitol Grounds. 
 
In a sense all southern people were related, or 
 about to be related, for they often married their cousin, 
 or their cousin's cousin, until one had almost as many 
 relatives by courtesy as by consanguinity. 
 
 Under given circumstances, southern people feel 
 alike, think alike, act alike and all who were "born 
 and raised in the brier patch" understand the language 
 of Brer Rabbit without an interpreter. 
 
 With such characteristics, there is a natural coa- 
 lescence of women of the South already united by ties 
 of affection, and love of a common cause, and they find 
 a mutual inspiration in each other's presence and coun- 
 sels for its perpetuation. 
 
 2. Benevolent. 
 
 An important feature of the active work of the 
 U. D. C. has been the care of the Confederate veteran, 
 and one is touched by the practical action of that 
 Louisiana Memorial Association, which as soon as the 
 'Xadies' Aid" of war times, was disbanded resolved 
 itself into an organization to provide artificial limbs 
 for disabled soldiers. 
 
 Every true Southern man went into the service or 
 had to give a reason why. 
 
 The women had their flag presentations in the 
 spirit of the Spartan mother's injunction "with your 
 shield — or upon it," and the men who returned at all 
 came wounded, disabled or half starved, and a horse, 
 with which to begin ploughing was worth a kingdom, 
 
and there was such a literal fulfillment of scripture 
 that the side arms generously allowed them became 
 household implements. 
 
 The father of the home in which we were reared 
 was a college graduate and an officer of the Confeder- 
 ate cavalry, but his sabre was ground down to be used 
 as the family carving knife, his army blanket was an 
 essential part of the household goods and his gray 
 uniform in which he was married, while a prisoner on 
 parole after Vicksburg, was made into a cloak which 
 was handed down to several children and now rests in 
 the Confederate museum at Richmond. This is but 
 an illustration of the general poverty. 
 
 There were no pensions for Confederate soldiers. 
 Many were never able to recuperate and gain a liveli- 
 hood. 
 
 Nearly all the States now provide a home for the 
 veterans and a small annuity is allowed, but the U. D. 
 C. has a general oversight of them, gladden their 
 hearts by holiday celebrations, frequently provide the 
 means for them to attend the reunions, and see that 
 they are buried with honors when they die. 
 
 For a long time the Confederate veterans have dis- 
 cussed rearing a splendid monument to the Confeder- 
 ate women, but it has become the general sentiment 
 among the United Daughters of the Confederacy that 
 they do not care for such a monument until a home 
 can be provided for the aged and needy women. 
 
 Such homes already exist in several States, but 
 the idea, suggested by Mrs. Helen Plane of Georgia, 
 
 18 
 
of one general home in some large city is under 
 thoughtful consideration and at the Little Rock Con- 
 vention, a relief committee was appointed to investi- 
 gate, and relieve as far as possible, the immediate needs 
 of aged Confederate vv^omen until the U. D. C. Home 
 is built. 
 
 3. Educational. 
 
 Through this department of its work, the U. D. 
 C. is looking far ahead and endeavoring to 
 
 "Reach a hand thro' time to catch 
 The far-off interest of tears" — 
 
 by providing that the descendants of those men who 
 gave all for their country, shall 'have the privilege 
 of a liberal education and be fitted to take part in the 
 great future which lies before our nation. 
 
 The Educational Committee under the able super- 
 vision of Miss Poppenheim, of South Carolina, has 
 made wonderful progress and now reports that the 
 U. D. C. dispenses seven general scholarships, valued 
 at $1,020.00 and counting all the States, there are 153 
 scholarships valued at $10,088.00. 
 
 No one is eligible to these scholarships who is not 
 a descendant of a Confederate veteran. 
 
 Arkansas has four scholarships at her disposal, 
 and the son of a Confederate veteran has availed him- 
 self of one at the University of Arkansas. 
 
 4. Historical. 
 
 As an association, the U. D. C. seeks to collect and 
 preserve the material for a true history of the war 
 
 19 
 
between the States, to protect and preserve historical 
 places of the Confederacy and to write in a book of 
 remembrance the narrative of the deeds of valor of 
 those men 
 
 "Whom power could not corrupt, 
 Whom death could not terrify, 
 Whom defeat could not dishonor, 
 And let their virtues plead, 
 
 For just judgment. 
 Of the cause in which they perished." 
 
 And of those women, who with sublime devotion, 
 endured as seeing the invisible, and who when all was 
 over, amid the wreck and ruin of happy homes, met 
 with smiles the ragged remnant of a great army, know- 
 ing that they were companions of heroes. 
 
 It is due to the efforts of the U. D. C. that many 
 objectionable terms have been removed from text 
 books, that modern historians have corrected false 
 statements, particularly with regard to the character of 
 Jefferson Davis ; removing at last from his name the 
 stigma of ''traitor" with the evidence that while a 
 student at West Point he was taught the doctrine of 
 supreme allegiance to the State; that a calmer esti- 
 mate of the life of Robert E. Lee permits his statue 
 to stand beside that of Washington in the National 
 Capitol, and it is their hope that the time will come 
 when the nation will, with impartial favor, as did 
 Greece when mourning her dead, erect monuments to 
 the valor of her sons whether they wore the Blue or 
 the Gray. 
 
 20 
 
DAVID OWEN DODD. 
 
 The Boy Martyr of Arkansas. 
 
The United Daughters of the Confederacy 
 have placed memorial windows in the Con- 
 federate musemTi in old Blandford Church, in 
 St. Paul's at Richmond, in the Church of the Re- 
 deemer at Biloxi, they have folded the wings of the 
 *'Angel of Grief" in marble above the Daughter of the 
 Confederacy, Winnie Davis, they have placed Sam 
 Davis of Tennessee, and David Owen Dodd of Arkan- 
 sas with Nathan Hale, making a triumvirate of heroic 
 youth for the young American to admire "and whose 
 deeds some poet of the future will incorporate in a 
 'Xyra Heroica." 
 
 They have given testimony to the faithfulness of 
 slaves, without whose protecting care the helpless 
 women and children could not have survived the hor- 
 rors of civil strife. They have told of Southern war- 
 riors w'lio fell at Chickamauga and the Bloody Angle 
 and Seven Pines and Malvern Hill and Shiloh with 
 such desperate fighting that the Confederacy lost the 
 largest percentage of soldiers in modern warfare. 
 
 They have written of the endurance of Southern 
 gentlemen at Vicksburg who lay in vermin-infested 
 trenches and could subsist upon a handful of peas and 
 a portion of mule meat a day and maintain their integ- 
 rity ; of Southern poets who languished in prisons but 
 sang of glory and not of shame. 
 
 They have made known a civilization which could 
 produce such a type as Robert E. Lee and send out, 
 almost from its nurseries, such boy heroes as the Vir- 
 ginia cadets, "Little Giffen of Tennessee" and the Four 
 Color Bearers of South Carolina, and all the world 
 has marveled. 
 
 23 
 
It is a commonplace observation that the war was 
 inevitable when two nations strove for a principle — 
 the righteousness of one appearing as an iniquity to 
 the other, and the Virginia poet voices this thought 
 when he writes : 
 
 In the future some historian shall come forth strong 
 and wise, 
 
 With a love of the republic and the truth before his 
 eyes ; 
 
 He will show the subtle causes of the war between the 
 States ; 
 
 He will go back in his studies far beyond our modern 
 dates ; 
 
 He will trace out hostile ideas as a miner does his 
 lodes ; 
 
 He will show the different habits born of different 
 social codes ; 
 
 He will show the Union riven, and the picture will 
 deplore ; 
 
 He will show it reunited and made stronger than 
 
 before. 
 Slow and patient, fair and truthful must the coming 
 
 teachers be 
 
 To show how the knife was sharpened that was ground 
 to prune the tree. 
 
 He will hold the scales of justice, he will measure 
 praise and blame, 
 
 / And the South will stand the verdict, and stand it 
 without shame, 
 
 24 
 
The Southern soldier received no recompense of 
 reward, and the feeHng that he deserved it crystalhzed 
 in the suggestion of Mrs. Ann Cobb Erwin of Athens, 
 Ga., that there should be bestowed upon him a Cross 
 of Honor. 
 
 At the convention which met in Hot Springs, 
 Arkansas in 1898, a committee was appointed to form- 
 ulate plans, and at the Richmond convention in 1899, 
 the design submitted by Mrs.' S. E. Gabbett of Atlanta 
 was accepted. 
 
 The cross is a small bronze emblem of no intrin- 
 sic value, which the Daughters bestow upon veterans, 
 soldiers or sailors, or they being dead, upon their 
 widow or eldest lineal descendant. The rules and reg- 
 ulations are very strict, and there must be positive 
 proof of honorable service, but it differs from all other 
 crosses in that it is not given for any one special act 
 of bravery, but to officer and private alike — for endur- 
 ance — and when this bit of bronze is placed upon a 
 veteran's breast it means that he was faithful to the 
 end and part of that army whom "Fate denied victory, 
 but has crowned with a glorious immortality," and 
 it means that he claims comradeship with Lee and 
 Jackson and Stuart, and all the throng who came up 
 out of great tribulation. 
 
 These crosses are bestowed upon memorial day, 
 June 3 or January 19, and one commemorative day 
 between June i and January 19, as a State may select, 
 and the ceremony is to be of befitting dignity. 
 
 25 
 
T'he records of the veterans receiving the cross 
 have been kept in a most careful manner by Mrs. L. H. 
 Raines of Savannah, Georgia, and now fill three large 
 books and will be deposited by Mrs. Raines in the 
 Confederate Museum at Richmond at the next con- 
 vention general. 
 
 A recent recipient of the Cross of Honor was 
 Judge Ben Lindsey of Denver, Colorado, whose father 
 was on the staff of General Forrest. 
 
 No one but the veteran can ever wear the cross ; 
 if he is so unfortunate as to lose it, he may have it re- 
 placed once; if lost the second time it cannot be re- 
 placed, but he may be given a certificate stating that 
 he has been awarded a cross. 
 
 No descendant or widow can have a second cross 
 and no more crosses will be bestowed after the year 
 19 1 2. It is estimated that nearly 60,000 crosses have 
 been given. 
 
 5. Memorial. 
 
 The primal purpose of the memorial associations 
 was to give a sepulchre to their dead. The great battles 
 were fought on Southern territory, and the spring si:n 
 kisses to life violets that bloom upon the soil conse- 
 crated by the blood of heroes. The dead lay where they 
 fell ; sometimes they were gathered in trenches, some- 
 times the dirt was loosely thrown above them and 
 sometimes after a battle was over, the pitiful women 
 crept out and with a devotion akin to that of Rizpah, 
 
 26 
 
suffered neither the "birds of the air to rest upon them 
 by day nor the ibeasts of the field by night," till strong- 
 er hands could dig a grave. 
 
 When the great struggle ceased, the men who 
 were left had to go to hard work, there was no time 
 to think or grieve, they were making history, not writ- 
 ing it — and the dead lay where they fell. 
 
 There were no cemeteries where Confederate dead 
 could be buried, and there were no monuments to them. 
 
 Timrod in his memorial ode refers to this tardy 
 recognition, but with a prophetic prescience he sings: 
 
 ''Somewhere waiting for its birth, 
 The shaft is in the stone." 
 
 And the women could not rest with the thought of 
 their dead laid away with no word of prayer — a Vir- 
 ginia woman who saw the bones of two Confederate 
 soldiers ploughed up in a corn field, lay awake all night 
 thinking of it. 
 
 Stirred by these restless thoughts the women of 
 the South cried, "Give us back our dead — we claim the 
 right to put them in consecrated ground, or mark the 
 spot where they fell !" 
 
 Thus began that work which will not cease until 
 every State and city and town records in marble and 
 bronze the resting place of their heroes. 
 
 By patient toil and many sacrifices monuments have 
 arisen till hundreds of them show where the soldiers 
 He ; the great leaders have all been remembered — Lee 
 
 27 
 
and Jackson and Stuart and Davis and Hampton and 
 others with features Hke as life, look down upon us 
 and soon the great columns at Arlington and Shiloh 
 will arise to bear witness of the devotion of women to 
 heroism. 
 
 ^ If all record of the Confederacy should disappear 
 
 from literature the inscriptions on these monuments 
 would tell the story, and if perchance the inscriptions 
 should become obliterated, but those carven features 
 should still be left future generations would know that 
 the immortals once walked on earth as men. 
 
 The United Daughters of the Confederacy are a 
 practical body and engaged in much active philanthro- 
 py, but the nature of their formation was such that 
 much of their work deals with 
 
 "Old unhappy far-off things 
 And battles long ago." 
 
 For the defeated can only claim memory as their 
 portion. 
 
 In the Corcoran Art Gallery hangs a wonderful 
 picture by Detaille called ''The Passing Regiment." 
 
 You see the soldiers on their winding way, you 
 can hear the fife and drum, the brave earnest faces gaze 
 upon you for a moment and then the regiment has 
 passed. 
 
 We have read and heard much of the thin gray 
 line whose brave resistance changed history. 
 
 28 
 
It is thinner today than ever before, the step is 
 slower, the music of the band comes as a far-off strain 
 through the pine trees. 
 
 "The Girl I Left Behind Me," has become a white- 
 haired woman, and we feel that in a few years the 
 regiment will have passed and the last Confederate 
 soldier will murmur: 
 
 "Breathe us across the foam — 
 It is o'er, the bitter strife, 
 At last the father cometh to the home. 
 
 The husband to the wife." 
 
 But we who are left will know that they are not 
 forgotten for the motto of our beloved organization is, 
 
 "Love makes memory eternal." 
 
This monograph was originally prepared for 
 the Re-union issue of the x\rkansas Gazette, May 
 i6, 1911. 
 
 The endeavor has been to narrate the chief 
 events in the progress of the United Daughters of 
 the Confederacy, and where describing the badge, 
 emblem, etc., or eligibility clause, to use the words 
 of the Constitution. 
 
 A. B. H. 
 
LIBRARY OF CONGRESS 
 
 i mil mil I 
 
 013 707 036 4