0) THE ORDER 0? THE RED TRIAKGLB EISTORICAL AlffiRICA'S IARGB3T CAETOEMEIIT CAIU' LE-.7IS DEDICATED TO THE LOYAL BUNCH OF Y 1.'E1I V/HCSE RELIGIOUS LIF£. FOUliD PRACTICAL EXPRESSIOIi IH SERVIHG THE LADS OF AlAIERlCA IS TEE HOUR V/HEtl THEY AllSVifERED THE CALL OF THE WORLD'S KEEP. JOHII LYMAJa BOGU^g Written :j.t Camp Lt-wis Jmxt, 1919 mi^ *SW 5 I9lg Chapter 1. The eternal purpose underlying the great Tvorld war Vvhich threw the nations of the earth for over four years into a confusion unparalleled in human history will not he uiiderstood by the generation in which we are living, "^e are too close to the event to fully understand it. A century from now the historian will be able to look back and the terrible war whose desolation and havoc fairly stunned the intelligence of our day will be seen by him in its true per- spective, Jrom the vantage point of a higher plane of civiil- ization, he will be able to look over the clouds of confusion, and realize that in the refining fires that swept the earth, society lost much of the dross that marked the closing days of the nineteenth century. And when the man of tomorrow seeks to link up related events as they affect the civilization of his iiay, the Young Lien's Christian Associacion is going to come into its own. We are too familiar with the organization, too close to the greatest piece of welfare machinerjr that the world has ever soon, to appreciate the m.agnificent work that it accomplished during those days when the heart of humanity was pouring out its life blood in an effort to give birth to a new world order. Some day, -vhen the clouds of ignor- ance, of prejudice, and of jealousy, have been dissipated by the strong sunshine of fraternity and understanding, the Order of the Red Triangle will be honored for the part it played in those dark hours when the destiny of humanity hinged upon the driving power of American manhood. The Book of all books records among its glittering gems of truth the statement, "To vvhom much is given, of him much shall be required." Tfith all due credit to e\ery other welfare organizations for the splendid v'ork accomplished by them during the great war, still the consciousness remajns that no other body attempting work of such a nature Y?as so richly endowed for the task as the Y.K.C.A. Over sixty years of experience working with the manhood of the nations, its ramifications reaching to the vital masculine centers of five continents and also to the islands of the seaj had resulted in -che development of an organization that was able to cope as no other with the problems of morale and service that arose when millions of men dravm from every piano of life were sxiddenly lifted from their normal surroiindings and congregated in army camps; there to be Irilled in but one thing, and that how to kill and how to do it efficiently. To those acquainted v;i-;h the Y.Ii.C.A. it seemed that the or- ganization had been providentially raised up and developed during the years in order that with its rich endowment of sterling leadership it might fill the very place that it did fill and do the very work that it accomplished. During the years of training God had given to the organization much, and in the hour of the world" s need much was required of it, >-«l— « Chapter n, TH3 EARIY DAYS. ing over Eu^o'pe'?o>^^'?v;f and'I'S'f '°" "^'^^ ^"' '^^'^" ^^"''^^P- whSro if ™ fr. i -Jy ^ ^^^^ years reached that poirt could bo trained for rarfa? ^her.-.arge numbers of men uidxiiea lor \.arxaru. The story of ho\7 American contractors startled the v-orld v.ith the raioidity v;ith -;hiGh they erected our great cantonments has not^yot been forgotten in building circles. Before those great camps v;ent up. the men were assembled at the army posts and the encampment grounds ?l*^^.i^''%^°?^^i ?^5^<^: The Second Y^ashington Fational Guard, lacer uhe 161st Infanury, and the Eighteenth Engineers ^7hich vas recruited xrom among northv/estern men by Col. j. B. Cavanaugh» wore sent to the encampment grounds at Furrav to be whipped into shape, ' +V, TT ^- ^°llo^''i^'iS- out the plans which had been formulated by the National War Work Council, the Y.H.C.A. was on the job as soo» as the men reached camp. Ivan B. Rhodes of Portland, District Secretary for the states of Washington, Oregon and Idaho had already made a survey of the field and had also selected 'che man who was to have charge of the army work in this sec-cion. The man selected was Orno E. Tyler who for seven years had been holding the -losition of army and navy secretary ri'ah the Bremerton Association. On June 1, 1917 I/Cr. Tyler went to Tacoma and on June 14 received his a-^-ooint- ment from the \7estern Department office at San Prancisco as Camp General Secretary. Jir. Tyler was eminently cralified for the task to which he had been called. As a soldier he had served with the army during the war in the Phillipines. later, having taken up Y.M.G.A. work, he was a secreta-y with the American forces on the Mexican border. During that period from July 3. 1916 to January 1, 1917 he acoorr>anied the punitive e::pedition which advanced under Gene ral'^'^er shine: 180 miles into Hexican territory. Y Ya r M ^ A Associated with Mr, Tyler were tv;o other practical ..n.G.A. men, ',/. G. IlcIIorran, formerly secretary of the Forth ^apna city association. June 8, 1917 Y work was formally commenced at Camp Hurray. The building equipment consisted q P. 'f ,;f/^^''f.''^^- Mr- McMorran w.-s designated as Building Secietary and At. Burwell as associate secretary. A S'olendid *«< < ^^ piece of v;ork was accoraplished by those tv;o indefatigable workers v.hile at Murray. With the beginning of construction at the point finally solGctod as the site of the cantonment the v7ork at Murray soon became only a minor item. Chapter III. TTBIIgB WAY AT CAilP lEWIS. In selecting the site for the permanent Camp there was a diversity of opinion as to where it should be located. A survey had been made on the west of American Lake and it appeared that the camp -aould be placed somevhero betv/eon the lake and the sound. H07/cver this site proved to be almost inaccessible for the railroad and a ne^v survey was made. After the selection of a site at the southern end of the lake Mr. Tyler had frequent conferences v.lth Captain Stone who was 'in charge of the construction of the camp. Theso conferences revsulted in the selection of eight different points at which Y.M.C.A. huts were later to be erected. These were the first conca-ssions granted to any welfare organization in Canp lewis. The Y.Y/.C.A, was the next to secure its location for the erection of the Hostess House, A visit from Hr. Rhodes soon followe^d the selections made by Mr. Tyler, and fooling that the work of the Y in Camp lewis would not justify the erection of buildings at eight points, the number of locations v;as reduced by him to six. With the moveraunt of draft men toward the new camp I€r. McMorran was transferred from C^mp Hurray to Canp Lewis and placed in charge of a new 40 x 80 tent. A new secretary in the person of Kay Clarke v/as added to the staff and left in charge of the ^-ork at Murray, The first frame building erected by the Y was located on First Street and was used for offices and sleeping quarters, LQ-ter on; after the regular huts had been erected a new office building v;as placed on the corner of pirst and California and the old building became the dormitory for the headquarters staff. Among other men who wer':i soon added to the staff were E. M. Strickler, E. A. Meyer, R, V. Russell, iTorman Coleman^ E,- Gr.- Harland -nd Y/.P.- Gloeckner. These men v ill be mentioned- later on in dealing with the work of the departments to which ahey belonged. Howerer a worS; concerning Mr. Coleman and Mr, Sloeckner would not be amiss at this point, - Mr. Coleman who was one of the leading educators of the northwest was released oy Reed College for educational work with the Y.M.C.A, Coming to Camp Lewis he took charge of both the religious and educational departments, and one of the outstanding features of the work of those early days was the marvelous planning of Professor Coleman for the / i future work of these tv;o dopartrxients. His masterly work as a pioneer in the nev; army activities ras recognized in a very short tiLie and ho v;as dravm from the camp vork and placed in charge of the educational activities of the entire v/estorn department v.ith offices in San Francisco. Mr. Gloeckner was the third oldest man in point of service ■v;ith the Army and ITavy Y.M.C.A. in the United States, He entered the work November 1, 1899 and spent four years 1903-1907 with th© army in the Philippines. Chapter IV. BIFILDIHG y.M.G.A HUTS. I t T During the tT70 years of active service that follov;ed the opening of Y Work at Camp ir-array, the association operated at eighteen different points, Jia^iy ox these centers hoiwever v;3re located in barracZ-ts "buildings or tents » Fourteen frarao buildings constituted the oc[uipment of the organiza.tion.- IPhe first service hut v.'as located Cm. First Street s: 12.0, With the ; .-.ception of the Hospital Y building, all service huts r;ere of the same g.meral type and size, '^hese huts contained on one Sid- an auditorium 87 x S5 filled -with benches. A stage in onrv end allov.'ed of the room being used for theatrical purposes. At the other end v.as a movie booth, lloving pictures pr ovod to be the most popular feature of enterta-inment in the Y huts. This large auditorium v.'as broken up by stationary rriting tables along both sides and hinged tables botvcen the pillars support- ing the roof. Back of the stage v;ero class rooms. Sleeping quarters rare provided in the other end, back of ci-nd underneath the moving picture booth. The other side of the building v;as devoted to a social room S5 x 40, one en^ of '.vhich contained a large fireplace. At the other end of the social room tvo class rooms T.'ere built. The offica a.nd ca.nteen Tvere located in the iunv;ay conneccing the tv;o larger rooms of the building. In order to appreciate the preset ical purposes and Sdaptibility of the army "i hut, it is necessary for a person to visit one, The^s :)r.ilcj.j-:.g3 cost about $5500 each, v.iGh an addiuiond ^^1500 for ia interior equipment t Each service hut was ceiled insido ■ -^-'za drop^ siding on the outsider The heating of the 'i-uildings w§'.. by coal stove. Fuel for use in the huts T/a^> furnished in Ocrip Le- is by the government as v;as also water ^nd electricity. Hut Fo.l which was co-i isnced August ZZ; 1917 was finished September 18 or in four days less than one mon-ch. _^ This Seme rapidity of constrviction narked not only the Y M.C.a.,- hu'Co bu'. aU' other constviiction work at this camp. One of the 'busi- est days ever put in -by a hjwidful of Y men v/as the day upon v;hich hut ITo.l was completed. All arrangements were made before- hand for the -dedication exercises on the evening of completion, -4^ Govornor Lister v>/as schedulod for the dedication address. Major-Genural Groone and Br ijadior-General Styer roro on the program representing the niilit..ry, T, S. Lippy, § pronjnenfc business man and the port comnissioncr of Seattle presided at the service in his office as chairman of the Uashington State Coniraittee of the Y.M.C.A. Gamp General Secretary 0- S, (Uyler presented the building to the array for the vlqq of the soldiers. A specck of acceptance v;as made by General Styer. At tines during the day it appeared as though the dedic^-tion service •vould not be hold, l/indov/s and doors, both needed parts of a building, had in some unaccountable manner been delayed and it Vv'as only by reason of the good headT7ork of Ilr. Tyler that these pa.rts nere in their place and the building finished at si:: o'clock. The capacity of the building v/hen crowded was not over eight or nine hundred, but several thousand others v.'Gre on the outside listening through doors and \vindov;s. Other buildings ^~ere under v/ay on both the north and south sides of the camp and -'ere finished at intcrv?-ls of about one v.'ujk apart. They verc dedicated in the :;o llo^/ing order: ITo.l, Sept. 18; No. 3, Se-^t. 25; Ho. 2, Sept. 28; lTo.4, Oct, 5; Ko/6, Oct. 10; Po.5, Oct. 18; the Audit or injn, Hov.4, The Y.M.C.A. Auditorium vhich is one -of the largest buildings in the camp "Wcs erected in thirty days . In addition to these buildings tv;o large playsheds v.'ere erected on the south side of the camp. These v;ero at times popular gathering places for indoor athletics. In connection t/ith the service huts, it should be said that each one v;as dedicated -vith suitable reli?^iou3 e.cercises. Prominent menj. many of international reputation, v;ere the principal speakers^ At the opening of Hut ITo.2, James A. Francis of Los Ang^los, a foremost orator of the Baptist denom- ination, sr)Oke. Y/hen the big auditorium was throvm open to its soldier patrons on ITov mber 4, Fred B. Smith, one of the strongest speakers to men in the United States, delivered one of his characteristic messages, xjnong other spe-^kers appearing in the huts during the earlier -days wore rr. Seerley. vhose social hygiene lec"bU.res opened a ner world of thought to many of the men; Allan StocMale of Ohio, and Charles Edv/ard Russell the v/ell Imovai writer on social .;nd industrial conditions. Kr. Kus-oll was sent out to the camps by the committee en public information for the purpose of enlightening thous'.'nds of drafted men on matters relative to the war. Cliapter V. aSCURBTG SECRETARIAL TniBEE. One of the greatest problems that the Y.M.C.A. faced when beginning its welfare work araon^ the soldiers was that of personnol. During the period of the war nearly 17,000 differ- ent workers were drawn into service^ either temporarily or permanently, and placed at a v.ork for vhich the large majority'' had received little or no training. When it is understood -5- that at tho oufbroak of the war thc-ro were only 5300 experienced Y.M.G.A. •> orkors in the United States and that only a limited number of these could "be released for spec:lal v;ork it is possible to realize something of the problem that had to be solved, lloarly one-fourth of the experienced workers available were young men botnoen the ages of SI and 37, and by reason of military rec[uiremcnts v/ere eliminated from any lengthy service with the red triangle. Great care 77as 3:;ercised in selecting the men and women who were to do the work required in the army camps. Perhaps in no part of the country was greater care eicercised than in the northwest. The statement has been made that only one or two of the E5E secretaries that served in the Camp lewis Y.M.G.A. proved to be "Lemons". This record speaks very highly for the committees th§t canvassed the northv;est for secretarial timber. During the summer of 1917 sixty secrotari&,l ^:iros- pects were seciired in the r.orthv.'est district and sent to Seabeck for two weeks of intensive training. Forty of these were afterward placed in th§ hu'cs at Gam-p Levis, lloarly all of thorn however wore first draft men and later v/ent into military service. Two similar schools were held ao Seabeck during the year 1918 and a largo number from each appointed to Ganp Lewis, while many others went to the smaller camps of the northwest. The men selected came from every v;alk in life and were in the words of one of the district secretaries "A fairly representative cross section of the American people." Glancing through the personnel of Camp Lov.is Y.I'.'I.C.A» v/e find that the following have been reprosontod on the staff: dentist, miner, lawyer, doctor, musician, railroad mon, farmer, high school teacher, banker, clergymen, pos"bmastor, Y.H.G.A. , newspaper me.a; business men, college professor, evangelists, Chautauqua lecturers, school principals, clerks, office manager, accountant, etc. Many of the men vho have served in Camp Levjis were of international reputation m their own lino. It was nothing uncommon to find a world traveler or one of the leading Ghautaviqua platform iBctuxorJi handing cut writing paper to a soldier, selling postage stamps, conducting edu- cational classes, or speaking at religious gat?ierings. The completion of the service huts in ITovember 1917 found thorn manned'' by the following building secretaries: ITo.l, W, G. HcKorran of ITorth Yakina; Fo.S, Pr. d Uitham of Sverett; Ho. 3,' Hoy J. Clark of Astoria, Ore.-; 110,4, 3. J. Uright of Tusla, Okla.i F0.5, Tom J. Davis of Butte, Montana; Fo.6, Y/. F, Gloeckner of Southern Oregon. In addition to those m§n, -a strong corps of v.'orkers manned e^.ch building ^nd under the direction of Mr, Tyler, a telling work was being accom- plished at America's largest cantonment. -6- Chapter VI. ST^S OE T.^ SERVICE :?TJIC. pxay^a u'loh groat pride its SGrv4.ce flafe por pv.rv rn--n- scrving the nation in the hour oJ .-orld cris?s rv>./t-V - lacrlfiof ir4^%'i'^- /^5 ^^^^^ ^^^ v:ho'™adc-*the^'s4re;o ' ^ed fromT--.. ti '?f^ °^ ''°''^'^ liberty, the star vis chan- f?ate?nal or4.i^ ■■-?°^^* business houses, factories, ohvrchos, ?ontributJo? S^S° '° "'^° ^°^^'" ^^^- ^^-^^^ ropresento.! ^beir conoribution of human energy covrard the vanning of tr,e v3.t. Toric fi. ^^^^^'^ Y.H.C.A. administration building in C-.rap Lo^.is th.^rc hc^ngs a service flag contaiiiing thi-tv t;'- ^-^ve- ll':'''\ ^^^^^ ^^^J represents onS of .ho .ao.^Srios di.vrf'^m the Y service into some branch of the iviiita-v A-cvare -'-i v service rith the rod triar-lo vas -i v-l -Tni- . f,- ,.^;^^^ 'f a man sought chapl:.incy in vno army for i-e f^v -^r-.o-nr/ r mon received their co.. missions: HaXT^h Davi^/ v..,^ 5 r.;r!no- Jo.An B. ooan, Hansen Bergen and C. 7:'. .-iUicie.'t- or^,. rne ot^xc''- y' man. George Cra^vford, v/as on his ^:iay zo the training s^.V-ol to"c?.mp Lc'ril ''^''" '^'° ''^^^'^^^'^ "•''^s b'ignod and ho ms recalled Loo Xohl; r. R. Irish; D.C. Cov.-an; G. H- Slovor; G.- P.' IIcKonsie, Baso hospital, n.c,; Gr^p Lewis: C.' E.' Tows on, Lt. U,3, Inf , ; • , E.- A.- Ivleyor, Truck 00y355; ?..■ C- Boat, LTaval Air -Sta, , Balboa park, Sar D^ oro Oal - r.' .?,' Baker; . ^ ^ '^^''- u-^go, ^.^i., E.' a' Harlan, Ordnance Tr.Carap. Gamp Hanoook, Gr.- Ralph ra.-ls, Chaplain 9i.st Div; Rr 0. i:ll03; E'Onson Bergen, Chaplain; C, 0. Stowart; L.' 2- Carrick, Ordnance Tr.-, C .mi:? R.' L- ITerccmb, Evacuation Hos-oi-cal; Loo Beach. Q.M. •. Caiap lov/is, Harold Edblo.Ti, Faval Tr. Station, Broir. .rton.- J.lL- Cheney; G.- IT. Angon, Spruce- riv, , Yeon Bldg. , Portland- Cxarence Co.llette, Faval -Tr. Station, Bromerton- Les-.,er C, (yroen, l^avy; John H, G-arcoor, jr.,' Chaplain 75th Inf., Camp Lov;is: P. B. \/right; • ± >>- , Goo. -Do Garratt, Bt..-B',; 39th F.A., Grmp Lcv/ig; Jo to B>' C-can„ Chaplai^ 37th P. A.,- Camp Leris; RODo. ^, Russell, Bt.B., 57th P.A., Camp Lev.'is- -7- John A. Tan Pelt, Int. O.T.S., Camp Grant, Ill„; uphn I'orainique ; , A. A, Buriingaui::, O.r.G^f Ocv-ip Plka. /.r.K» • C' 7. Anderson, Cha/a&rri, Camp Iloarney, ^r'alif • Gha|)in D, Poster; ' / Oh-;ipter VI i. TE3 OVERJilAS SERTDS FIAwL A companion flaf; to tho oao ro-orc-SGnt 'ipi^' t" o ■^'' men v;ho enterod tho military sorvjcj cc^:^'x::n>6 "hi rfc-n-.V^vo;-, rod triangles r^prosontin^ tho mon who uer^ ir-v-vr^o' -r-ncuxl-o Camp Io^7i3 staff for Y Gorvxco nth tho Ariaxicar. .Sx-^' itj c-iiar^ i^-orcos abroad. Car^p Lovls ras rogaoiStod -tt t::ic- Ivat^na-' V^ar Wcrk Council to fr.inish ton mon each mor/jh for f?r.)l{,>-; --^t-». vico. It v;as inpossiblo to moot thi:; ro.iucst. Tho 'c oma-las of the \7ork in Gamp Levis v;orc so noavy ohat it v/as not -;ise to roducG tho r.-orking force bolov; tho pgir.t of office cnoy. Many of those v;hc had signed up vith tho Y.U.Q.P. e.^r -/ar v/orlc h9d designated serrip^ in homo eano-j in -orofaronco uo w.^rk ahroad, 2his proforonco na? invar xaci;: ::o?a^je of fan-Uv oLliprations or^hocausc of physical dofi'.-ionoy. It v;as net tho policy of tho Y,H,C.A. to send ubior.d :xcn rho had large lamilios dependent on thoxr pjvconal inoomo. 5?hoso r:on 'could ho urod in the home camp.3 just as offyotivoljr as in "s-ranco. 'i'ho pnysioal tost to which every man goi:ig ovoisoas pas compelled to submit v;as of such a nature Lhat a largo mmbor of applicants aero net qualified for the strenuous service of a Y man v;ith th.o army overseas. ,r ., . , ^^^^--^ official report of tho activities of tho y.M.C.A. ^itn Che Aiiioricar. a::cpGditionary Fc-^cos, G-corpo W Por'-irs v-rltes: '^At loa^x 150,000 per.plu v.-oro considorod by l^he various district ccmmittoesc Of this narabcr over 40,0OC v;oro finally sifted out and seriouL-.ly cons'durod in Hex: ^fcrk. Of this number 11;2ES v;oro finally accoTDtcd r,nd scnv to ijiirope, 'vherc they served for varying loeriods,'' The contribation mado by the Camp lenis staff to the overseas y sorvico v.'as larger even than its contribution to the Army. Thirty-seven men, among them some- of tho choicest of th- northv;o St, carried tho spirit of Camp lev/is Y service to tho very front lines in France. T.. -u ^^^® former Camp Lev;is secretary. Burgess P. J?crd, a high school instructor from Stayxon, Ore. ras assigned to tho 90th Division and rendered such efficient service that his name was especially mentioiied in a communication recoivod by tho Y.M.C.A. authorities from Major General Henry T. Allen. Under dato .of September 24, 1918 the citation read, Mine socrotaries were with the Infantry b&ttalions and two secre- taries (?.A. Bares and B.P. Pord) actually VffilTT OYER THE TOP WITH THE ASSAULTIfTG BATTALIOFS and carried on their work in tho midst of tho severest losses. I specially desire to OQnimGnd tho zeal and fortitude of those tv;o gontlomcn, and to thank tho Y.M.C.A. for having sent such Gxccllont ropro- sontatives to us." ' A.D. Woir» bettor knoim^as "DAD", came to Canp Lovv'is from CorvaLlis, Oregon in Octob ,r 1917, and for five months was y secretary v.'ith the 161st Infantry v.hich v;as composed of Oregon and V/ashington men. "Dad" accompanied the boys as far as the Atlantic Coast •r/hcn they v;ere ordered overseas and was then detached from thorn for nearly tv;o months. Ho v/aited at T/ashington Barrac'^s until his orn call came for overseas and on his arrival in Prance was re-assigned to his old unit. He remained v/ith them through all their o^ipcriences in battle and when they returned to this country he accompanied them back to Samp Lov;is o.nd remained v ith them imtil they v.'cre mustered out. Very fov; secretaries enjoyed such an unusual experience. Among others v;ho rent overseas v.-ore Q.L. Ferris, of Portland, v;ell kno\m as tho inventor of Loju, the popular summer drink; S. F. Hazzard of tho Seattle city Y; Stanley Long, v;ell-kno\7n Seattle contractor; Rev. T. H. Harper, one of the strongest Congregational pastorsr.of the ITorthv^cst and at that time serving the \7estrainstcr Church in Spokan^; F. A. Hazoltine, editor of tho South Bend Journal and former registrar of the University of V/ashington; T. E. Uinocoff, prominent .traveler, author and linguist; and L.A. V/ilson, the last man to leave the camp for overseas, v;ell knov;n in religious and labor circles in the state of Montana. The full list of Camp lewis men serving v.ith tho red triangle overseas is attached. Ivan B. Rhodes Roy J. 'Clark R. S. Osgood G.' I. Clarke E. J.' Uright H.' M.- Strickler C- 0.' Koester T.' H.' Harper G. !.• Sov.reigii Pred Brooks H. W. Davis A. D. V/eir Georgo B. Cole Wra. C. Handlin T. 'E. Win ceo ff Stanley Long Burgess F. Ford F. Vy\ VJitham David Everett Wm. C. 1 10 ore John H. Novill.e S.' F-.' C.' H.- 0. L.- Jv U.' Phil Wamo'^k Itanio?, i'-iTj r, ^orl_ of i-ho National V/ar Vv'ork Council as tho American Troops oamo homo. About December i; 1917 A.M. Grilloy; physical diroc- tor for the Portland city association v;as released for army work. He v/as appointed to Gamp Lev.is and temporarily filled' the office of Mr. vStriekler.^ the direct cf ot physical :!.ctivi- tios for the Y. V/hcn ilr. iStrickler 1 jf t December 24 for .vcr- scas service, I'r. Grilley boca,mc p: rma-nent director. As tho initiator of nor ways in v;:Tich the Y.M.C.A. could serve the soldier, Ilr. Grilloy 77as easily one of the star vjcrkers. Possessed of aboiinding physical vitality^ a keen mind and good judgment, ho v;as able to put over a pr-grara for his department ranking second to none 3.n any of the Amoxican cariips. It v;as no surprise to these v/ho had folloucd his v/crk •oo hear of his appoin'^niont as Camp 'general Secretary in Jino '1913 vhcn the office v.-as relinquished by Mr, M^!I![orran, ?.'cc reeord of the camp from the time of hi s appoint/.aent. until January 1, 1919, v;hen he left tho service, vr-s good tcstimozij;' that no mistake had boon made in the appointment, f Two splendid movements that were well imdcr way by the first of the year 1913 were the Social Hygiene work and the educational classes. Per the first timo in history a movement was on foot to eliminate if possible venerea?, descases from a nation's army. The Oregon Soci:'.l Hygiene Society had by its persistent efforts at education succeeded in placing tho state cf Oregon at the very head of the list in matters of sex education and coj-trol of social descases. The society interested itself in the moral conditions -vlth which the soldiers at Camp Lev/is would be surro-ondod and in the personal moral life of the soldier himself. V/orking through the Y.H.C.A. as the best agency through AVhich to affect m.flltary life, a movement was inaugurated whieh touched every sold:-.er in the American Army, personal ad/isors wore sent 1:0 camp,' and to these men the soldier could qo for counsol in matters jx rtain- ing to social relations or sex d.iiwjoase, Hirdrods :f letters on file with the Y.M.G.A. show that uany soldiors took advan- tage of tho opp-^rt unity. ■ This raovem^nt culminated in a series of lectures on sex matters being given to .1:^1 men tnvoring the army. Thousands of recruits were marched to Y buildings or to the big auditorium where army d^c-cors, m.any of them international specialists, lectured on the value of the clean life and warnod of the felly of sexual dissipation. This work was started in C.omp lewis by ITorman P. Coleman, who was later -11- president ^f thu Oregon society, Tho man v.'ho carried on tho v/orlc from Dccc>rabor 1917 to August 1918 V7as Sinclair A. Wilson. Mr, Uilson v;as a man of pleasing personality and functioned admirably v.lth. the military v^uthoritics. He commanded tho respect of all v.'ho associated v.-ith him and it nas a matter of \7idofelt rogrut vvhcn ho left tho service to tako up tho largo business interests that demanded Ms attention after the death of his father. Just before leaving the Y.HvC.A. service Mr. \7ilson ^-as offered the appointment of assistant director in tho hygiono division of tho uar department. Had it not boon for th- imperative need vf his -presence at homo, Air. \7ilson nould have gone to V/'ashington, ^7hcro, judged by him -./ork along this lino in Gamp Levis, his ability vould have carried hira very high. During the last for; months in camp, iir, Uilson v/as also business secretary. Only a for; cf the outstanding features of tho v;ork as carried on during tho year 1918 can bo mentioned in this chapter, Othor features v;ill be noted in the chapters deal- ing ^ith tho \7ork of the departments, I-uring the year a ncv; v/ork v.'hich proved very attractive vnd rrth v;hilo v;as that of carrying tho Y tc the men r;ho v;oro v.-.-'rhing in tho trenches and on the range, G."Jitoon aupplies and athletao goo€a wore carried out hj Y secret,. ries ", 'ho remained in t}ic fiold as long as the men v;orc thero. Games v;cre started during tho rest periods. Stationery -".vas distributed and the letters mailed for tho men. Secretary Hocman Pago, l,:.tcr Chaplain in the Army, had charge ,i this branch ■ f the service, norking out from hut ITo.6. With the opening of the Officer's Training School in C^.rap Lewis another opportunity was presented to render service. With p:.rraission of th. c 'mnanding ■ifficor an empty barracks v;as secured and transformed into a Y hut, Hcrj the embryonic . f f icors v;ho r/er^ allowed very little contact v/ith tho enlisted men outside found Q^ social centor. This very imp.'rtant work was ha.ndlGd bj^ secretary Chas, IT. V/ebb in such a manner that at the close of the school he was •c-'mmcndod by tho officer in charge, llajor Jones; and presented with a wrist watoh by tho members ^f tho school. A most telling service wr s rendered by the Y to tho colored troops th;^t \:otz sent into Q-.mp Lewis for training. At no time was the number very largo, fifteen hundred being the m.^st located thore at any one tirao. Bat the association found thor^ .n v.pp .rtunity for a r^al service. Br. B. At Johnson, -. negro clergyman of high attainments, was drawn away from the Gr:^co Presbyterian Church of Seattle in iTovembor 1917 fjT this work. He remain od with the :rg. -nisatioi^ until tho last negro soldier had loft th^ cojnp February 1, 1919. As a religious and social loader among his people, Dr. Jolinson could n-t be surp -ssod, Ono of the white secretaries who "became very popular among the colored troops was Pr -nk IC'-lly ^tllT^U i^lL^'ZXi^^.^^i^*^-^- •■■,.-,. and railos outside the cnm^ ^^^o nf.^^-t ^^ ^'' °"° hu.ndrod many friends rimong ?h?'no£o bo^J ^<,''' "^ ^^F' '^'^'^^ ^'"^ ^'-^ cntertr.inmont for.furos in^c^n^ "^tn ^^^IJ-.^f" ^""^'^ ^^"^P-^-'"^^ men v;ho ucre ilv.-vs ro4S ?n S-" ° :^^-vidod by the oolo-od ball or furnish mulic?^^^ ^'"^ "" ^°^S. dance, box. play rocreation^hanf Pore'''S?.r^* ."J ^^' ^^^^ ^^^ ^^"^ ^^-^-^S- These buildinrs v;ero ft^^J 1^.. "" !^^ ^'^^^ ^^-^^ -^ ^-^ic c^^mp. other forms of athletic s^Drt ^^1. - % ^1^^°°'' bascl.ail and the v/cstorn end of tl.n^>?^ Service hut Fo.8 located at E.W. Oli^e? af builSn. se'^ret^rv^^''"'' '''.'^* ^P^'^^' ^ ^'i'^^ service from los Ingel^^s ^h ?e ?«; J^' ^^^"^"^ "^-^°^°'^- *^<^ principal of one c^^^he h^gh sche is S?^ ^^""^! ?° ^'^^ ^^°" of the livest Vires on the 0.mflew?s J'ff °^"'^- *^^^ °^° him was Rev. Robert A Q-moi-nTril^n ^'^^^ Associated v;ith over throe months 4^ -rooi^T. :J^^^° "-^^a , jjcnt. who for of the camp? "^^^ ''^ ^^° "^^""2 religious directors put over t^°Sfg*^rograrof^'9?^! ^^^^^taries v.ho helped to Morthlani. st.tS ^senfte? ?rom -Mma' rlT.TlT ""' ^'\ building secretary ot tto " Wr;:^^ " ^^' ^'-^ capacity as the staff; Chester p™;;;^^"?? -'^ ""^ ^"^ '^ ^^- '"'-B' '^^^^ of formerly Y.M.S A scc'^^t-^rv'.J ,^.f ^^-^^s man of Tacoma and an'outdoor';Jatf?vSf°CS g.^?*?, ^-^°J-^ '^^^ — t- ^f of $lie Denver city schfo^^' Sno^r^'J-^^S^'^'v'^^? superintendent "^--ys get next to the he'rts !? the ?b n ■^.^""■J* ^^^^ ^■■•^" passed through the Depot B?i4c^ Hcbe?t''-%-v ''T '^. v called back to Y scrvipo ^ff°v^^,- ^'^ I^^ ""*'^ ^'""'^ 1^°=" ^o his credit and ;7-no a^ the out?S?f- of J^^ '"^^^ '^"'^^ ^^^^^ his ranch near V/all? iv^nn . rr^i!^ h- °^ *^° ^'^'^"^ ^"■'"S living on U^ablB to Lt into t>,o in 'n^'^^^''^ '^'^''° °-^ P-ya-llup, v;ho WDedpo rould m?Vo S-"^^''^''-? ''•'"'''^ decided that his" military as building seer?? ?vi?TTn''f^^^^° "^^"'^ *^ ^^'^ Y.M^CA. and^ Tom r-vi i +?..+ .:, -^ . ^i°*^ ^'^-^^ ^'^ enviable record • and la?e^^ nt to Por?Sf ?n^'° ^^ttornoy from Bu.to, ifo^iana' ,^c ..ork among the^sprucf caSp. Z''^'"'' '"'' °^''^"^^ °^ "^^ ^•^'^•^-A. tod by the'^dof o?;'^?v?°o ''i*^'°'I°^ ^^^ ^^*^^^^' ^^-^^ Nomina, an impact ujt'thJ ^on^th^t^?;?!^^;:^^ .^?^,Sg^^?e?^^^er^° ^th them cnly^ho kiSZS^t'memories'^^th: Samp'!^^!^ ?T 1 ^^t^ Ss^dS;ir^?or^°Snr?.rs-^^ gc^bSr l^L^^t-e^ to do all that r;as required of the Y. This numbSr ras seoi xlot-i 3c?vic 7J l^'"" Of scvaral dcp..rtur.s for overseas th^ri v^'.r^r ? i+- Jr'"^ *^° ^^rmistico v.-s signed in Kovcmbor oh.ro x;orc fcrty th-.us.ind men in training -.t Crifip Lcv.ls -nd the number r;r.s -daily incrcr.sing Despite the incrX^s. ef men, h^vever. the Y hrA l^een rSducing^ts staf I and "^1 y 81 SGcretaries and empl-yoos rere manning the v.-.-rk. With the signing -^f the mistice and the rem.val ?^;'-?;y/"°"^^^^r.f^r„*^^o ^^^^^OT training .f tro^-ps the J;t* :+; f^"^^ i^scli challenged by a different aSd in ma»y of^ctu'l\???^^°'' *f5*- '"^i-^ '* ^^^ und.rtaken during the days 01 ..ctual \7.iri..re. Upon it as v/ell as upon the other aelfare organizations rested the rerk :.f keeping up the m.ralc .f the irmy. Chapter IX THE COLIIITG OP PEACE. co-snv,.^ rJ^^t °^ *?? ""^^* --astonishing things to the military ^t?^^m 5 ^^^T^i "' ■'• ^^' ^-vM^y v.ith v.'hich the American nation marshalled its manhood, .^rg.vnizod a highly efficient ll^^^^^^C Jf-'O-hxno T7hich vith unp:.rallelcd intrepidity marched age.inst the apparently invincible fighting forces of the I'^'ll'^ ^f V^^s* S^* "^ l^ss astonishing ras the nr.rvolous speod ra.-^.rking ^the disintegration -^f that same American fight- m^ machine aiter it had ace -mplishDd its mirp.-.se. To call out v.i-chm a fev; ranths time from the -mrsuits .f .rdinary lite, n^^^-rly f.ur million mon rithout seriously disru^otins the industry r.f a nation uas a v.-cnderful thing"; But to bring th se same men back from army life and cause thorn to bo re- assimilaoed by th^ body of people v.ithout any serious clogging 01 the v.heels ox economic activity was a taek thrfc compellod the adrairaoion of tho world. And this great task .f d^Qiobil- izr_tion was accomplished by the .Uaerica^ governm..nt in about one«third the length of time that it tc.k to mobilize. With the signing of the armistice the great incentive tor the .American fighting rikan was gone. His one idea then yas^^to gat away from battlefields and army camps o-nd c mmencc to junction in civilian life. The spirit of restlessness rould; and did in this case, have a noticeable effect on the splendid morale that had uarJiid the American a,rray. The work of the welfare organizations at this time stood out more -oorhaps than before. And it is to the credit of all that in the hour v/hen their best was demanded, in those do.ys following the armistice,- when rcstlossness and dissatisfaction were so prevalent, the Y.M.C.A. proved its Worth. This was especially truo in C.-mp Lewis. A few weeks before the ceasing f hostilities, the opidomic of influenza which had sv cpt halfway around the world and v.'hose ravages wore even more fatal in the United States than the war, had struck the camp. As a precautionary measure the military o,uthorities had placed the camp under a strict -14« quarantine the moment they were sure that it Hjr.d rerched the northwest. Nowhere in the comitry wos tho ei^ideaic so wisely handled as here. She nucVoer of cases during the period of the epidemic v;ere only chout ten per cent of the total number of men in cr.mp. The fatalities were about 175, The first effect of the cuarcntine order was to close all .public meeting places in camp. At first this lookeS serious to the Y, IL G. A. Ilany thought that the ''ork v;ould be at a complete st-nfistill for several weeks. The secre- taries \7ere euramonec" to a conference and it was soon realized that the largest opportunity of the year was present. As a result of the ccnference the canteen counters were moved outside the buildings. Moving picture machines were readjustee^ and outcide screens ouilt, Emphasis was placed on outdoor gthletics. large audiences sat with hats and overcoats on during religious services. The military authdirities working through the morale division cooperated with all the welfare organizations and large gatherings were held nightly in the athletic park. Bands were detailed to visit every uuilciiiA- vvhure outdoor programs x/ere being- given. The record of ^he Y during the period of the quarantine was indeed praiseworthy. Aside from its work through the barracks and in the open, a record was established in calls made on the sick. Hundreds of men in the hospital Were visited daily. One Y.LLC. A. men was drafted into service temporarily as an undertaker, working at the hospital morgue. F.^c^gardless of their own phys'lcnl well-being, the Y secretaries moved about among the men who were sick, rendering every service possible. V/ith the lifting of the quarantine ant the approach of the holidays, plans were made to have a Ghristmas cele- bration that would be ab occa&ion of cheer for all men left in camp and who could not h'-.ve the hone enjoyments. Secreta- ry Richard Atkinson conceived the idea of writing to the fraternal organizations, churches -^nd echools of the northwes'o , asking th'::t Christmas boxes by the thousand be forwarded to the Y.M. C.A. for distribution --mong the soldiers on Christracs dry. The plan was a success and several thousand responses were made. Small trees were pl-ced in the different huts, end after a short program the bo:-:es which cont-ined candies, fruit and cnke v/erc given to the boys. Sach hose cor.t*^ined a slip with the n-:me of tht donor, and hundreds of letters were written by the men themselves thinking the folks who had made possible their merry Christmas. Secretary John Henry (Everybody sing) lyons, who for several months h~d been Y.H. C.A. song lender for the camp, plr.nned a tree of light for Christmas eve. This v/as the only crmp in the couiitry where such a novel stunfi was pulled off. A large fir tree standing on the corner of First and Montana wos strung with several lines of colored bulbe, -^nd nearly 3000 soldiers -^nd many civilians gathered in -15- the evening for the program. The First Infantry iDnnd furnished music and Mr, Ifon's led the conpnuc,- m 3.ix£;:.ng Christm-.s carols, uhen the elf.ctric current v'a& lurnsd on the tree become a thiiig of beauty. ' Chaplain ZTisaer, one cl the strongest speakers :.n the camp, delivered a very appro- priate address on the occasion. V/ith the war over, r.any of the secretaries were at this time arranging to leave the service and resurce their places in «?iviliarri5f 5. kivoug those leaving was the camp general secretary, A.M. Grilley. fhe Portland Association from v; hie h he had hee.:.\ tempoinrily looned, detirel ays: to return and as Associate S-^cretary take up a larger wor> than he had left. The Yi cvk from tLxs t ;lme on would not rcequr.re a man of the ;:ecul3.jrly vi^orv.us ^.'^■ge that Mr. Grille.? Fas. With the oemobili^stlon of the arpv^ the canp^v/o-ilc diminish. The work must he consored. As with the aptulldi^.g of the camp the Y expanded in tey.^lce, gc nox7 there wo:3.:-d he a gra- dual contraction. Euild-hi,5/5 iru^t >e closei, '//..r.cers nust he dispensed v/ith. lepartmentL cor^^clidc.tfci, 'rhe_work would he very trying. As fchi^ wor;^ let do-ra, there wouLa be a decided restlessness on the part of the Y wcrkers. The secretary who handled the work during the last days must he a mn» of tact r^-if •c.'',<."'i-'i^-i'-..^ &nd above all. irost have the confidence of every man working with him. P.rui'.'^c was that P. secret ar;/ would be sent in from some otner caiiP„ :'2hii? however was net '-.he caoe. The toga dropped by LIr. G.'illey v. as placed on t^ie .^iiov.lders of Robert Carey, who for nine mcnth;? had been fiilu.'.g in a most efficient manner the office of building secretary at II0.6. Er. Carey, as noted in a previous chapter, was no novice at the Y.M. C.A. gmce. He had spen'c many vears ,1n actSrp-e service vrlth the city associations of Tacoraa, Seattle, Everett and Walla VJalla. A difierenc type from any of the men who had preceeded him in the office, he "was however no less efficient nor his work any less succesr;?:t".l. In fact, the first month of his administration was oi:e of the b-jst in the history of the camp. Building IIo,. G had funl-ptsd ottier men for the headquarters staff before this. KJ Jhard Vjlilte had gone down to the big office as puroli.asing agent; F.ctfard Stine had become Y.M. C.A. director of achie'^ics, and Lawrence A. Y/ilson director of Religion. In fact, the baiiding had established a reputation as a training school foi* headquarters secretaries. Others leaving the service ajjout this tim^ were Senator D.y. Morthland, who for several months was building secretary -at Eo.l. The state legislature convening after the first of the year necessitated his presence in Clynpl;-.; yjr. David Peters, pastor of the Christian Church of hon:!r'.u][u, vvho had been in camp as a religious director for some t:ime; A. i/. Vinzent, who had been released by the Bank of California for fifteen months. These and many others felt that tne greafe emergency was now over and there was no longer any need for their service in camp. -16- The two last outstanding nchievGraents of the Y. M. C.A. in Caipp Lewis were the splendid assist once rendered the military in on educati. onol program that brought over 20,000 men daily into classes where they were addressed by the leading educators of the northwest, and the putting over of a demobili- zation program that touched practically every man discharged from Camp lewis. The first was an attempt of such magnitude that the idea was taken "Qip jointly by the welfare organizations and the Division Infantry School of Arms, and will be dealt with in the chapter on educational w cork. The demobilization work had been headed up in a liepartment with Charles Webb as director. Mr. \Tebb planned a cacrpaign that would bring every man up for discharge or scheduled for removal to another camp, into a social meeting pn the day before he left tho camp. A program of entertainment, a short address and refreshments or fruit would be the order of the day. The plan was working splendidly until it was proken into by n call from the Portland Association for Ivlr. liTebb to come to that city and open up a new phase of Y.M. C.A. work the industrial department. Secretary Ralph Docscher, who Aad been with a number of the smaller forts, was drawi^ into Canp Lewie and handled this work until his assignment to building Ko. 5 OB building secretary, to take the place of [•Bad" Clark, who was at that time in the hospital av/aiting an very qui „, _- . - ^ ^ _ y men at the railroad station and v/elcomed back to cam^, Htmdreds of dollars worth of oranges and apples were distri- buted as the boys stepped from the train. About the first of the year the new hospital build- ing was opened. This building is one of the finest in the country, due, perhaps, to the fact that many of the unusual features and the beautiful furniture were the gifts of indi- viduals who v/ere interested in the welfare of the hospital patients. This building contains a beautiful pipe organ, the gift of Mrs. William Rust of Tacoraa. Two fii-eplaocs/ a large sun room, kitchen, and library, and a large number of lounging chairs make it a more attractive building than any of the other service huts. Credit for this popular recreational center for the use of convalescent soldiers must be given to Robert G. French who worked indef atigably in his efforts to settuire it. And nov; V7e come to the closing hour. The personnel of the camp is being reduced by the departure of hundreds of men daily. The artillerymen have all gone and bui^-ding Eo.6 is closed.' Quickly the entire south eide is emptied -^nd i«os. 2 and 4 are closed. On the north side the special work in the Eighth and Levelopemtn Battalions disappears. Building Mo .3, v;hich had accomplished a splendid work with the 75th Infantry on one side and the Depot Brigade on the other closefl its doors as one organization disappears and the other dwindles -17- .\ to such a lov; number that it can "well he cared for hy No,, 5 alone. And Kb. 5 once the busiest center in the camp now serves hut a handful of men, the permanent personnel that must remain on the job until the mustering out is compl eted, and the few overseas boys v/ho are compelled to remain in camp overnight before receiving their discharge. But a good work is being put over by one member of the staff of Ho. 5. TB;y after day, Secretaiy Poolton stands inside the door of the last building through which the discharged men pass, and carefully wraps their discharge around a few post cards and a map of the camp, and places it all in an envelope Wiich can be iasily carrie d by the man in his pocket. Then a hearty handshake and a "Good b5^.;^j old fellow", and the Y has made its last camp impression. The month of June brought a sharp reduction in the number of men left on the Y s^jaff, Zn compliance with instruc- tions received from the East, a large number of men were let out. These were for the most part men who did not care to link up permanently with the Y. M. C. A. work. The maiiority of those remaining in camp were looking toward the future with the expectation of a life work with the organization. It WGS with a feeling of regret that most of the men left camp. Por months they had been associated together in welfare work ond it was not easy to break the ties. Buffer them the v/ork ts over, at least for the present. The work;' hov;ever, among the soldiers and sailors will be carried on by the Army and lavy Y.M.C.A. which will emerge from the Eational War Work Coxmcil to continue its operations as they v/ere being carried on before the war. In the chapters following, the work of the tifferent departnents will be considered briefly. Chapter Z. UEPAKTltflEHT OP RELIGIOH, In the Y.M.C.A. program for army camps there has been no minimizing of the religious w or k. The association is essentially a religious oiganization. It is so recognized the world over, and if it had failed ?.n this part of :.ts program v;ould have merited the criticisms of its supporters. While every secretary engaged in tftie work at Camp Lewis was supposed to be a man of Christian convictions and active in the prosecution of a Christian program, not all of , them were allowed to carry on definite religious effort. Had every man v; earing the red triangle uniform spent all of his time in public religious work or individual effort, the big welfare machin© would have broken down because of work neglected in other departments. Therefore it was nothihg unusual to find praninent ministers who had entered the Y work with the idea of doing only a certain type of relilgioua work caiducting classes for the educataonal department, or selling goods over'the canteen counter as a member of the -18- business department. Every Christian man was supposed to make a Bhristian impact upon the soldier hy reason of his Christianized personality making itself felt through the ordinary courtesies of daily life. For the distinctively religious work, a department of religion v;as organized. Every man assigned to this important department was supposed to he a specialist in religious work. In the earlier days of the work in Camp Lev/is, the activities .of both the religious and the educational depart- ments were under direction of jBrofessf»r Uorman Coleman. It was comparatively easy at that time for one man to take the Euperrision of both. But tirith the advent of thousands of men, the work became increasingly difficult and Ben Cherrington was appointed assistant to Mr. Coleman. When Ilr. Coleman l«ft in April 1918 to take up the larger educational work in San Francisco, Mr. Cherrington assumed full charge of the depart- ment. This office he held. for only one month, when he received a call to go overseas. The naext leader fca: the department ?/as Rev. Ralph McAfee, who came to Camp lewis from Boulder, Colo, in the capacity of Presbyterian camp pastor. Realizing the marked ability of Mr. McAfee, the Y.M.C.A. secured him as secretary fo3? the Officers* Training School and with the departure of Mr. Cherrington, .he was put in full charge of the work of the Religious department. In September 1918 Mr. McAfee was appointed religious work director for the northwest district, with office in Seattle, and three months later he was trans- ferred to San Prancisco and given charge of the religious work of the Student Army Training Corps in the v/estern depart- ment. Mr. S, i". Hazzard, formerly a religious directof of th© Seattle city Y.M.C.A. , who had been serving since 3Pebraary in army work at building llo.l, was appointed assistant , to Mr. McAfee in July, and upon the departure of the latter, carried on the work until October 20th, v;hen he left Camp Lewis forPmnce. Succeeding Mr. Hazzard, was Rev. Lawrence A. Wilson, one oft he strongest Congregational clergymen in the state of Montana. Mr. Wilson entered the service July 1,1918 aM filled the office of religious secretary at Ko.6. His work at that hut was so successful that he was appointed to the place left vacant by the removal of Ivr. Hazzard. He remained with the camp in that capacity vintil April 1919, whei he also left for overseas. ' The portfolio was now handed to Doctor Joseph Beaven. ])r. Beaven was a man of wide experience in v/ork of this type; For several years he had been conven- tion Secretary for the Baptist denomination in Western Wash- ington^ leaving that position to become camp pastor at Lewis. When tne office of camp pastor was abolishea igi October 1918, the y.M.C.A, enlisted his service and he was appointed religious director at -No. 4. 1,7hen Ho. 4 was cjosed ^e was transferred to -19- Wo. 1, and with the -eep^rture of Mr. ;7ilson he shouldered the double task of acting as camp religious director and. conti- nuing his duties at Mo. 1/ Mi:. Beaveo remained in this position until July 1, 1919. Among the strong men linked up with this depart- ment -were such lenders as George Hohert Cairns, well-knovm Baptist evangelist; Richard I'errell, the Preshyterian sky-, pilot of the lumher camps of Eorthern idnho ; John lewtas,) prominent Chautauqua worker; David C. Peters, of the First' Christian Church, Honolulu; S. G, RueggV v;orld traveeer and lecturer, Menasha', Wis. ; Rev. A. -Co Moses, f omer Congre- gational ecitor and pastor, and Dr. Edgar ?;heeler, of Tacoma, Many religious leaders of the northwest volunteered their services from time to time 5S hut pastors, or for special occasions. Among these were Dr. E.H. Pence, of Port- land; Rev. Mark Matthews, Seattle; Dr. Bloomquist, Rev. Y/eyer, Rev. James Wesc, and Dr. Dyer of Tacoma; P.e?. Harry Templeton, -of Olympia; Sherman -L. Divir.e, D.D.V Spokane; Dr. William ^.Valdo, Portland; Bishop Prederic Keator, of Taooma; Bishfep M-Ci^jiicH dishes, Portland, and many others. Among the spekers of international reputation who were brought into Camp Lev;is for varying periods of time v;ere such men' as Ired B. Smith, C.osiah Sihley, Roy Campbell, Ira Landrith, Mel Trotter, C. C. Wishnrt, Daniel Russell, J. ' White onb Brougher, John Tyler, Dr. Denlinger of Nev/ York, Prank W. ^Merrick, Milford Lyon, and Bishop Herman Page, The messages of these men were always of a high order and the impressions which they made on the soldier mind ?/ere of the very best. The finest spirit of cooperation always existed in Camp Lewis betv^een the religious department of the Y. M, C.A. and the Chaplains, camp pastors and religious leaders in neighboring cities. Many conferences were called at the caisap to which large contributions of time ajid counsel were made by religious workers other than those who were the Y. M. C.A. uniform. A report of the department to July 1, 1919, gives the f®llowing figures: Military Church anffl Triangle Services held : . . 2921 Attendance at the same 45?.; 354 Bible classes conducted .■.•.•...•..•.•.■..•...... . 1^811 Attendance at the same ....■.■,..■..•.■.•.•.•.•.•.■.■.•.•.• 3e;"325 Christian Decisions made •.•.•.•...■-,...•.•.•.•.■. .•,• 4,052 War rolls signed .•.•.•.•..•.•..■.•.• ?.1,587 Scriptures and part copies distributed .. ..• 71,125 It is impossible to reflect, even inthese figures, the influence which the religious department exerted upon the soldier life in this great cantonment. Hundreds of men -20- were touched in a wfay thnt they will never forget. During September 1918; when a Bible study drive was put on, over 250 classes were held, most of them in the barracks. These classes were attended by 13,606 men, mnny of whom had never before st tended such classes. Prominent Ipymen from Olyrapia, rncoma ond other" nearby tovms rendered great assistance by coming to the camp and taking charge of classes on Sundays. Chapter ZI DEPART MEHT OP EDUCATIOl. Through the religious department, the Y.M.O.A. ministers to the spiritual neede of the man and through- the educational department it ministers to the development of his mental powers. The w®rk along educntional lines hat bden well developed before the association undertook v/elf are work in the camips. With rn "rray of men, training r.lmost to the limit of their tine ':^nd endurnnce, for warffjre, it was difficult at times to find opportunity for good articulation on the part of a definite program of education. In the face of m-nry difficulties, chfef among them that of a changing army personnel and unexpected nilit-^ry oraers th^t from time to time seriously interfered with systematic class work, the educntional department at Gamp Lewis succeeded in accomplishing n big work. The final riport lor the department shov/s th-rit during 21 months of service 577,001 soldiers attended 1411 lectures, ond that 75 542 ' men ate ended 4792 special classes and clubs. The department was in charge of Mr. Coleman from the opening of the work until April 1918, when Professor ¥oP. Brewer, released by the Mon^tana State College for special war w cork along educational line§, came to Camp Lewis and was ^ placed at the h®ad of the educational activities of the Y. ICC.A. Thewcark accomplished by Dr. Brewer and his associates during the 15 months that he served cannot be prajsed too highly. He brought to the work a well trained mind, ripe expedience, far-sighted vision, a level head and exoslleit judgment. MH. Brewer vms a gred\iate of Grinnell College, with graou-te work.t.o his credit at the University of Chicago where he held a scholarship in Latin an^ .^^'ooxal.i.zad in Latin and V^™»T^^^ ^t Harvard, where he received the de.^ree of M.A. in English. As an instructor at L-ke Forest Academy, Grinnell Academy, Portland Academy, and twenty two years witn the L.ontan^ State College, he had established a reputation ranking him among the leading educators of the nortlnves-c. 4.V ;, Closely associated with Mr. Brewer in the work of the department, was Professor Walter -T. Scott, known to all Canp Lewis men as the "Map Man". Ivlr. Scott is a graduate of Westminster College, Pa. and took graduate work in histoiy -21- and economics at the Uhivereity of Wisconsin and an M.A. at Horvard. Among the posittions held "by him "before ooraing to Cnmp Lewis was thct of instructor in history at Todd Seminary, 111, anid in the High Schools at Kalispell and Anaconda, Mont^ana. ; assistant principal Rughy Acnderay, New Orleans; he-dm-ster Rock River Academy, 111, amd war lecturer in the histoiy department of the University of Montana. Coming from the last mmtioned position jnto the army work,.Lir. Scott conceived the Men that the soldiers would he internes ted. in a course of daily lectures derling with the progress of the war. The military authorities furnished large maps which were huilt under ivlr. Scott «s direction. These lectures proved a success far beyond the expectation of the department. Thousands of men crowded about the maps upon which the fighting line was changed from day to day. and followed^with the keenest interest the comments and prophesies made by the speaker. After the signing of the armistice, Ivlf. Scott planned and delivered a series of lectures dealing with current events. These proved to b^ as popular among the men awaiting demobilization as the others had been while they were pxeparihg for front line service. One of the last lectures given by tlr. Scott dealt with the principles " back of the peace table, and was so well received that just before he l©ft the service, the department sent him on a tour of the Cslifomia camps. Another worthy contribution made by Mr. Scott was his "Review of Mlitary Operations for the Week" published each week in the camp newspaper. Other men whose work was of a nature to attract considerable attention were Professor Charles Helmlingfi, released by the University of Washington for several months' service in camp. It was nothing unusual to find all the officers of a regiment enrolled in Profeseor Helmling«»s Prench classes. Associated with the department and. engaged in teaching French, Spanish and mathematics, were Marcel Daly and Charles E. Pioda. l!tr. Daly was a geologist and engineer of international reputation, having built in part the r)ublic works at Barcelona,' Spain, and for twelve years holding the position of expert engineer to Gonseil de Prefecture, the highest administrative tribunal in Paris. Mr, Pioda was 8 worlt t^oVwier and spoke several languages. ■ He was a true co£uiopolitan and able to adjust himself to the men with v;hom he worked in camp. I^Ir. Pioda numbered among his "oersonal acquaintances Chinese Gordon, Ismail Pasha. ICing H^wbert, Yictor Emmanuel, Bulow, Liset, ard: Gustav Y of Swoien. Another course of lectures pfit out by the depart- ment which proved to be very popular among the men was given by Professor J.U. Bowman, formerly of the University of Washington. These lectures v;ere given principally as fire- side talks -to audiences varying from 50 to 150. Sighty-f our talks were given in the various buildings and outdoors. The subjects dealt with v/ere the follov/ing: "Seven factors in the War"* "European manners and customs";, "How the European -22- Nations entered the V7ar"; and "The Histoiy of the nineteenth Century". A world traveler and Is cturer, _Mr. Bov/raan was a master in the art of visiaialiaing his messages before those who listened. Processor B. H. Bravn of Vifhitraan College, Walla Y^alla, spent several months v/ith the department during 1918. Classes in algebra, mathematics, physica, and kindred subjects were inaugurated by Ivlr. Bravn. Large classes in the subjects were conducted among the engineers §nd signal corps. Perhaps the two outstanding achievements of the educat ioi^al clepartment were to ^e found in the contribution made to the Development Battalion School of English during the summer and fall of 1918 and to the school conducted for two v;etl£s during the winter under direction of the divisional infantry school of arras, liho former school was organized for the benefit of the men who had been drawn into the arrajt but v/ho were not educated j.n English, and because of their lack were not able to function as readily as others. Many of them \7ere enemy aliens. A large number were well educated in their o\m native language, v/hile others could neither read nor write in any language. Among the principal nationalities represented in the school were Russians, Germans, Atistrians, Bulgarians, Serbians, Polish. Bohemian, Slavs, Croatian, Greek, Turk, Italian, Spanish, Portuguese, Japanese, Mexicans, ansB a number of Asiatics. In every respect except uniform, this aggregation was chaotic and the primary task was to educgite them in a common language and impart the ideals of Americanism, Thousands of these men were turned into the development battalion, and after a few weeks training assigned to other units that were in training for active service. fhe subjects taught were, phonics, reading, writing, and singing, and the term covered a period of 16 weeks,' tU© course being divided into five grades, requiring four v;eeks to cover the first grade and three weeks each to cover the other four. The results of the school far exceeded all expec- tations. At the head of the school were two m-ilitory men, Major 'Jilliam Lawrence and Captain Jesse Ragsdalo, Tor the several months that the school was in operations, there was the heartiest cooperation between Dr. Erewer, of the educa- tional department and the mil(tlary authorities. Six expert teachers v;ere provided by the Y. M. G.A. for this work. The other school was instituted during the v;inter following the armistice, and was the greatest educational Effort ever made in the historj'' of any arny. Every day for a period of tlxcee v;eeks from twenty to twenty-five thousand men marched in military foimation to different centers in the camp where they heard lectures covering the fundamentals of citizenship, economics, commercial lav, civics and related sub j ects. In the extensive program of lectures and in the vocational guidance book, the following men took part for a week or more-. Prom the University of l/7ashington, Dean John T. Congdon, Professors Edward MacMahon, J. P. Thomas, C, M. Strong; from the Belllingham Nonaal College,' Professors James Bever, H. V. Phillippi, V. H. Hoppe, George J. Klhhe, E. J. Klemme; from the V/ashingt on State College, r5.rector W. S.' Ihornher, Dean P. J. Bolitho, Prof, R. H. Miller, Prof. ieonard Hegnauer, President E. 0. Holland; from the Ellensburg Hon»al College, prof. Selden Smyser, Prof. 0. E. Draper; from the Cheney Kormal College, proflessors George E. Craig, Geoige ?/, Frasier, R. E. Tieje; from the State University of Montana, .professors H. A. Trexler, R. D. Casey; from the Oregon Agricultural College, Prof esscBrs ' P. A. Magruder, J. E. Brvimbaugh; from the University of Oregon, Prof. P. C, Crockett from the University of Idaho, Prof. H. T. lewis; from Reed College, President W. T. Poster; from the M6ntana State College, President J, Mv Hamilton; f 3D m th ^ Y. M. C .A* secreta- rial staff, H. R. Pancher, W. T. Scott, H. g. lew^^v B. F, Masterson; Messrs. P. 0. Haclnnan and Maurice Leeh^y of 'the Seattle bar; ',7. P. Martin, superintendent of schools in Snohomish County; Rev. Alfred V/ithington of Cheney. In addition to the above named, a large number of Seattle and facoma business and professional men gave one or tv;o days of their time to helping with the same programs. Of these men it v/ould be impossible to give a complete list, but their service was of the greatest value in helping the soldiers to a clearer conception of their duties and privileges as citizens. Dr. Brewer of the Y. M. C. A. and C. P. Jrasier of the state and federal boards for vocational guidance, were largely instrumental in securing this splendid corps of instructors and advisors. The educational department also cooperated with the military in the conduct of the school by rendering financial assistance. The work of tJae departmenlfc with the men of the 9lst division during the three months preceed ing their remo- val to Prance, hasalways been considered one of the big things put over by the Y. Five special instructors were conducting over twenty classes daily in French. It was no- thing unusual to find over a thousand men studying the language at the same time. This was probab].y one of the most valuable pieces of service rendered the division by the Y M.C.A. • ' » The regular work of the department as carried on in Camp Lewis included instruction in all the common school branches, algebra, physics, commercial law, stenography, typewriting, mathematics, French, German and Spanish. Prac- tically all the leading newspapers in the states west of the Rocky Mountains and scores of different magazines, fiction, -24- religious and educational -were placed "by the department into the hands of the soldiers. «Phe work of the depart- ment drew to a close with the return of Professor Brewer July 1, 1919 to the service of the University of Montana. Chapter XII DEPART IvE-NT OF KECREATIOH. The athletic activities of the American i}::wj were placed in charge of the Commission on Training Camp Activities, of which Raymond 3. Posdick was chairman. Very early in the war a definite relationsMp wa3 established between the various welfare organizations and the Gomroissions An athletic director and organiser v:os appointed to each camp "by the commission. This director was appointed hy authority of the Secretary of vVar to the staff of the commanding officer and h&J full direction of the athletic program as carried out in the camp. This meant that a well co-ordinated plan of athletics and games was put on in the camps. The representative of the Commission at Caaap Lewis was Captain T. C. Cook, a weil-knovm caach and athletic director from Montana. The first Y. M.C.A. director of athletics and re- creation at Camp Lewis -was 'H. M. Strickler, who came from Seattle in August 1917 and left for overseas service in December of the same year. Mr. Strickle r's name is mentioned quite frequently in connection with athletic meefis that were held in the early days, showing that he was o^i the joh at all times. Athletic work among the troops at Murray was looked after "by Merv;in Irish, who later joined the radio service. When Mr. Strickler left, the department was turned over to A. M. Grilley, who served in the capacifey of direc- tor until .his appointment as Gamp General Secretary, May 17, 1918. J. Howard Stine, well-known on the Pacific coast as a very able playground director, Ess-^ei the position after Mr. Grilley ^s promotlDn, Mr. Sblns wa^^ a graduate of the Y.'M. C.A. college at SvjAingf ieid, .Mass. and assisted in developing -the ■playground and recreational system o- yhich the city of Seattle is so proud. Before re-entering che Y for war work, Mr. Stine w?,3 connected with the recreational work at El PasoV' IJexas: Bo3'.-,c.n, Mass.; and Harrisborg Pa. Associated with Mr. Stine during the year that he waa head of the department, was -a strong corps of secretarxes ail of whom diserve special mention because of their work. Claude Munsey, George Mclntire, Lon Evans, Mel Boice, W. T» Williams, D. V. Mitchell, J. H. Hallock, A. A. Buriingame, • M. 3). Wells,. J,. 1*1. Mackie and D. C. Crjicker. Mr Buriingame who came to the association from the San Jrancisco Chronicle, worked with Chester Raymond, -25- "bttiiding secretary at Ko.2,' and the recreational work in that area was unsurpassed. Mr. Boice, a former newspaper man,' headed up for several months an athletic program in the depot brigade that brought some of the best ring and mat men out in the open. Mmisey. who came to caap in riarcn 1918, was very popular among the men locatefi in the area about Ho. 4, on the southside. After the troops began to arrive from overseas, he was placed in the convalescent center, and accomplished a very telling work among the_men who were re- covering from battlefield experiences. Mclntire was an old foot-ball player and coach from Oregon, and had charge of the big playshed located in the artillery area. One of the lead- ing athletic events in the life of the camp was pulled off in the winter of 1918 by Mr. Mclntire. Under his direction, a basket ball series was inaugurated in which the different teams among the artilleryr-ten played over 150 gaies. After Mr. Stone left the work in ' "" " "" " "" "---'■-■ .prj.l. 1. 1^19. Mr. Mclntire took charge of the athletic actj.vit3.es of the Y aaJl made fc.is office in the ajiditorium, which he tra.nsformed into a very fair gymnasium. The other men were all specialists in the work in which they were engaged. Some idea of the work of the department can be obtained from the report vvn ich shows that 598,089 men part- icipfeted in athletic meets and games under the direction of X secretaries, and that 628,204 spectators watched from the Sidelines. The best report obtainable in the matter of equipment 'furnished free to the soldiers at Gamp Lewis shov;s that over 4000 pieces •»?ere purchased and distributed, as follows: Cage balls Soccer balla ..•.■•• Indoor Baseballls Indoor Bats Basket Balls .■.•.•.- Punching Bags ■.■.,■ Playground balls.' Rugby Footballs . Wrestling mats .. 3 34S 1,C54 350 260 3 00 400 25^ 6 Baseball bats . . Jielders gloves Catcher's Mitts Boring Gloves . . vo3.1ey balls . . . Medicine Balls , IU£h B9IIS Gymnasium mats , Chapter XIII 140 30 5^ 235 80 1 12 prs. . lDEPARTMEUT op M'l'ERTAIHMEJiilT Probably the largest task that confront e3 the Y.M. C.A. mas that of providing social recreation for the idleaours of thousands of men. Dancing, a social pleasure in whicii so many soldiers found a delightful form of entertainment, was not fostered by the association in its work at Camp Lewis. This feature, however, was well cared for by other welfare organiza- tions. The form of entertainmoit that proved very popular m the Yhuts consisted of the old-fashioned socials which the men enjoyed in home life before entering the army. These were -26- put OB ty the churcli societies and the clubc, fron nearby towns. Moving pictures occupied first place in the hearts of the soldiers if judged by attendance. The first moving pictures were shown at Murray, Monday night August 13, 1917. lUx. BuiV'.'ell had secured a machine and film from Seattle during the day, and that evening 1500 men enjoyed an outdoor program. In the tv7enty-two months following, 2,393 motion picture shows v;ere given at the American Lake cantonment. The total attend- ance at these shows anDOunted to 1,210,056, or an average Ox 500Cper show. Beside the large motion picture machines, the Y had three portable ones v/hich v;ere kept busy serving quaran- tine groups and in the hospital wards. Splendid service of this type was rendered "by E. R. Trayle, a Portland musician, v/ho served as social secretary at the Hospital Y. After the regular program was under way at the hut, Mx. Trayle would take the portable machine over to the wards, and put on a show for the benefit of the boys v;ho were unable to leave their cots. Jive or six shows of this class were put on every week. The director of entertainment estimated after very careful figuring, that if the different films shown in Camp lewis Y buildings during the eighteen months ending April 1, 1919 were placed in a straight line end to end, they would reach over 300 miles. Many of these films were shownfour and five times. During the same period oi time, the average weekly attendance- at the movie shows was 15,000. She de^jartment of entertainment put on, ':iirou^ the various social secietaries, £;130 other entertainments. These were attended by 821,518 men. These programs were provided many times by the soldiers themselves. The policy of the department was tJv make use of all the local talent that could bd secured. Performers from all the prominent circuits, mmsical celebrities, circus performers, magicians, acrobats, singers and dancers were to be found everywhere in the camp. These men were only too glad to assist in furnishing entertainment for their fellow soldiers. Among the many local talent shows that appeared on the Y. M. C.A. hoards was the Jazzomaniac Hippodrome E::travaganza, which'was staged at hut Ho. 6, May 28, 1918, by the members of the 346th F. A. , and was one of the best. The big "Tingling Bros, Circus"'the idea of which originated with A. L. Vinzcnt , social secretary at Ko.2, was one of the most unique .affairs ever pulled off in the camp. Under the direction of Mr. Vinzent and private Lloyd Sawner of the 13th Ammunition Train, the big audito rium was transfoimed into a three ring circus. Mr. Sawner was an old circus performer and had assembled a number of others of the profession, arid spent several w&eks training for the affair. Over two thousand soldiers cravded the building for the ixrfoimance and the affair was repeated the following night. -27- Among the prominent entertainers appearing in camp imder the auspices of the Y. M.C. A. were Fred Emerson Brooks, John Claire Monteith, Marie Dressier »'X. C, and y.M.C.A.), Dr. A. It Harris of Vanderbilt University, and Winifred Lugrin Eahey, the famous Canadian soloist. The circumstances sxirrouncling the visits of all these artists and the impressions made hy them upon the soldiers, as well as the impression made hy the camp upon the artists, all make np a very interesting story too long to relate in this chapter. Special mention m^st he made of two young ladies who captured the hearts of all who heard them. IClss Linnie love and loma Lea, "both merahers of the Metropolitan £:p:5ra Quartet of Wew York, came to Camp lewis in the simmer of 1918 at a time when they were touring the cairps 0/' the western department. So popular was their prograin ■!>h-:,t they were invited to give a return engagement. I'iey cams oack in the fall just hefore the camp went under quarantine for influenza. Both young ladies volunteered to go under the quarantine and provide outdoor entertair-ment for the men. As a result of overwork and exposure, both girls were stricken with ^he desease ana taken t® the hoapica?. . Miss I-sa recovered, hut Miss iove was so run davn that she rapidly failec and died while in the hosr)ital. She wa? the only person serving with the Y.M. C.A. in Camp Lsv/ls to die during the epidemic. Pred Emerson Brorks, the C3,.;.ivornian, also volunteered to remain in camp during the perica of the quarantine, thousands of men learned to Imcw roid admire llr. Br®oks during, the weeks that he was limited to the camp area. One of the popular numbers at all tames on the Y platform was Miss Eachel Van Valen, known as the "Price of the 91st". Miss Rachel, ajthov.eh ohly about ten, years of age, could put on as fine a program of song and dai^ce as many of the prof essi.cnajs a-opeoring in cair.p- Her favorite song was "'ijhe Old F'lag II ever ?.h-cic.]iecl. the Giound'' ond she sever failed to rccelY-^ a glad hrnd for the stirring way in which she rendered it. Hc-5ohel was the daushter of Captain Van Valen, the well loioan Red Gross director of the camp. Several of the well-lmown local groups from Seattle and Tacoma that took part in Y.M. CcA. progranis were the Gat t is group; \rjj.20-si group; Pl-est on Gr.-.«up; H. T. Ray- mond group; Hac- Girls Quartet; iL-s. Zandle and graup; Fine Arts Sttidio; rapont Church Gruup. and many other church groups from Olj^mpia, Tacoma and Seattle. In Addition to the extra movie programs put on in the hospital wards, many concerts, sometimes as high as twenty five v/eekly, were given. These concerts were the -.E8- "bright spots in the dajr^s program for many a fellow tied dovi/n to a cot with disease or wouiids. The first director of the department of entertain- ment was J. S. long, who cane to camp in November 1917 as msctaging secretary for the auditorium, ll/hen I-Ir. long left for overseas in May 1918, E. M. Smijyh,' of Eugene, Ore., filled the dffice for a few weeks, hut owing to failing health, was obliged to leave the service. Raymond B, Pease of the faculty of the University of Wyoming, then took charge of the department until August 31, when he returned to the university, leaving the work in the hands of Richard E. Atkinson, a Portland man who had come to camp after attending the summer school at Seateck. Mx. Atkinson was a v; ell -known railroad man, having "been w ith the Southern Pacific offices in San Francisco, and witfch the Union Pacific in Portland. Under his management the work of the department ranked very higli, Xn addition to the work of social director, Air. Atkin-:^on also handled the transporta- tion hureau. This meant securing information regarding the movements of hundreds of troop trains and this equipping of troop train secretaries to travel v/ith the men. His ability as a railroad man was of great value in connection with this work. He seveted his relation with the Y.M.C.A. about the first of April, 1919. The work was taken care of from that time on until the reorganization by l.lr. Brewer, assisted by Profesc.or Scott, Dr. William E. Adams and George F. (^uentzel, • • Chapter XIV DEPAHCMEHT OF BUSIEESS. Wo thought was further from the mind of the Y.M. C.A. when it undertook welfare work in the army camps, than that of developing a big commercial institution. The spiritual, mental and physical v/elfare of the soldier -was the aim of the organisation. But in the accomplishment of its purpose, it soon discovered that large suras of money would o^ involved. This caused the organization of a business department, and' it was necessary to traw into the service experienced business men. Any institution located in a city with an average population of 30,000 people, than handles an average of |40,000 monthly for a period of twenty months, wculd certainly he considered some business house. This is approximately what the Y.M.C.A. did in Camp Lewis. An analysis of the report of the business department from Hovember 1917 to July 1, 1919, Shows that the soldiers purchased $123,425 worth of postage stamps, $349,404 worth of money orders, and |194,511 worth of canteen supplies. The latter consisted of candies, gum, fruits, souvenir cards and maps. The administration -29- expense and equipment orcounted to approximately $184,980. To these figures should he added the cost of construction,- which was $73,808. E&ch building had a business secretary who was responsible to the Camp Business Secretary for all transactions which involved the handling of money. There was at all times a careful check on the business of the asso- ciation and very few leaks occourred. The first camp business secretary was C. J. Hollingsworth, who came from the state secretarial forces sometime in September, 1917 and assumed the position. The department was divided into two sections, the purchasing and the accounting. I.Ir. Hollingsworth cared for the purchasing end himself, and W. C. I.Ioore of the Portland Y. M. C. A. acted as accovuitant. Mr. Hollinn;sv;orth returned to state work about February 1, 1918 and Sinclair Wilson, who had been functionijog as Y.M. C.A. a:lvir.er in the social hygiene program, was appointed 'oairp business secretary. The work of the department had increased to such a volume that it was found necessary to add anotherman to the headquarters end of it. Mr. Richard White, who had been working in building ilo.6 was selected to fill the office of purchasing agent. Mr. .'vVhite had formerly been cost -keeper for the U.S. Reclamation Service and fitted admirably into the new office which he held until the latter part of June 1919. As the business increased, it was found necessary to establish a more efficient system to cover the various workings of the department. The canteens were doing a counter business of near ly 415,000 a month. This meant greater care in purchasing, storing, delivering, selling and accounting. Ivlr. V/ilson set hi.nself to the task of evolving such a system. So successful was he in the effort that he undertook to prepare a diagram showing the relation- ships existing between all the different departments, and enumerating the duties of the departments and of the men associated with them. This diagram was set as the standard for each secretary in the service. Llr. Moore left the position of accountant June 28, 1918, and want overseas. His place was filled for the next month by Robert Soper, who left July 25. On July £2nd, Kelson G, Pike, a successful business man of Portland left his business and became for three months associate general secretary. The work of the organization was assuming such large proportions that Mr. Grilley felt the need of a practical business man of the type of I^Ir. Pike. He found his heaviest work in the business department. A new accountant and bookkeeper was secured in the person of Arthur G. J30one, formerly accountant and bookkeeper for the U.S. Reclamation Service. Mr. Boone proved a most efficient man for the -30- office and remained until late in April 1919, when he received a call to Siberia. Mter leaving the position, however, the call was aeclined and he returned in two weeks and "became director of social activities in the demobilization group. Donald McEdward, formerly manager for a co-operative grain and feed establishment at Cheney, V/ashington, who hae entered the Y work in July 193.8 and had selrved continuously with the exception of a month m the late winter, succeeded I^Ir. Boone. Vl/hen IVIr. Wilson resigned as business secretary in August 1918, Clarence D. Smith, of Building Ho. 4, was assigned to the headquarters staff to fill the vacancy. _ Mr. Smith was a business man of many years experience, -having served for sometime in the offices of the Armour establish- ment and for several years before entering the army Tvrark had held an important posit ion w ith the Mier Frank Depart- ment Store in Portland. M-. Smith remained in this posi- tion until after the reorganization of the work in the summer of 1919. Ttro other divisions of the business department that speedily developed and demanded more at t ention vvere the stockroom a^d the auto section. In these offices splendid service was rendered by Paul Hardy of Bl|ck Diamond; Hark Melvin, Olympia; J. S. Richards, Seattle; and Addison Stewart, Sutnner. lAr. Stewart, -the last storekeeper camp to Camp iewis August 1, 1918, from the Seabeck School, and worked at building Uo.5 for about a month, when he was transferred to the IJavy Yard at Bremerton. When the work grew slack at that place in January 1919,' he returned to Camp Lewis, and remained until July 1. Chapter ZV. DEPAHElffiKT 0? PUBLICITY. fhe history of this department is virtually a history of the camp newspaper, Trench and Oamp. The heavi- est part of the work of the director of the department was editing the paper. Many news items concerning the activities of the Y in camP were passed on to the correspondents of the Tacoma and Seattle newspapers by the director.' and a number of human interest stories found their way from the office into the newspapers of the norchwestern states. Bub in the main, the bulk of the work was gathering material with which to fill a 28 column weekly newspaper. Trench and Camp was a national weekly, published in all the large and many of the smaller camps. ViOien the sys- tem first began operations in the fall of 1917 ,■ there were 32 different editions printed. Later on, the number increased to about 40. The idea of such a chain of papers originated -SI- with John Stewart Bryan, a well-known eastern pulDlisher, of Richmond, Va. Mr. Bryan placed the idea before the • war department, amd the Y.M.C.A. , realizing the value of such a service, offered to assiat in the financial support of the undertaking. Mr. Bryan then brought the matter to the attention of a number of the leading publishers of the country, ajifl an arrangement was entered into whereby the Y. M.G.A. furnished the local editor, paid for the paper used, and provided the half-tones while the publishing concerns donated as their v»'ar contributions the cost of putting out the paper. This in many cases cost the publisher hundreds- of 'dollars monthly. Mr. Frank Baker of Tacoma, publisher of the Kews- Tribune which later merged with the Ledger, saw the value of such a paper and becamj a pa^ty w:. th the National War lyork Council of the Y. M.'O.A. to furnishing the soldiers at Camp lewis a first class weekly paper. During the sixteen months that the Gamp Lewis edition was printed, the finest spirit of courtesy was manifested toward the Y.M.C.A. on the part of the staff of both the Ledger and Hews-dlribune. The value of work contributed by the publisher during that time was several thousand dollars* The first director of publicity and editor of T, and C. was Mr. E. G. Harlan, who came to the camp as a Y.»M. C.A. worker in September 1917. Iv'Ir. Harlaa was foimerJy an instructor at the Lincoln High 'School in Portland. He was no novice at the nG7spaper game, having been associated with his brother as publisher of three papers in Eastern Washington. Ito. Harlan held this office until he joined the colors .and left for the Ordnance Training School at Camp Hancock, January £0, 1918. The issue of the paper for the week following Mr. Harlan*s departure was put out by three students of journalism who came down from the University of Washington on a hurry call to handle the paper pending the arrival of the new editor. The three men werernliark Haas, »19; George Pierrot, '19; and Gerald Bath, ^19. The young iournalists put out a-very acceptable paper* The next editor was an old newspaper men from east of the mountains, Chapin D. Foster, "owner and publisher of the Srandview Herald, who after having been rejected for physical reasons by the medicoi board in Camp LewiS; leased his own paper and sought to rander service by entering the Y.M.C.A. Before locating in Grandview, I^Ir. Foster had worked on Minneapolis and Tacona papers. He was with the paper until Jul;? 6, 1918. During the time that Mr. i'oster was directing the paper, -it was marked by ma^y interesting articles centering about the unique features of Camp lewis. Mr. Poster believed that a soldiers paper should feature the different organizations that made up a camp, and maxy -32- splendid half-tone cuts were found on the pages of T & 0; with stories concerning the various units represented, fraiak H. Bedk, formerly staff artist with the New York Tritune haa been drawn into the arngr and sent to Camp Lev/is for training. J/Ir. Beck was one of the "best cartoonist in the northwest and .took an active interest in the camp paper. His cartoons entitled "Ivlr. Blcoey" were always g5vea a fropt page stand, and werethe cause of many a hearty laugh from soldier readers. Mr. Foster also secured the hartiest co- operation from the various press correspondents located in camp, and many articles appeared over the signature of well- known nesr.'s writers, fhe office of director of publicity was relinquished by Ilr.' Foster early in July 1918, and several issues of the paper were gotten out by the combined efforts of the Educational Director Brewer, and Mrs. Gertrude Reichert. Mrs. Reichert was a riVOBS Doir.Tsspondexit associatec'. with one of the Tacoraa papers and rendered splendid assistance until the arrival of a new edito/'. The third and iBm editor of Trench and Camp was John i. Bogue, a Baptist pagtor from Golf ox, Wash. , who entered the service on leave of absen')e from his church. Ur, Bigue had received his nev^s-oaper training before entering the ministry, on an eastern pa-oi-o His professional duties had carried him around the country considerable, and he was a correspondent at different t:\mes for a number of papers, for several mojjths before coming to '^*an:'p Lswis ne haa carried the neft'S end of a semi-week?.y paper in his home town in addition to his church duties. Under his administration, the paper was somewhat changed. Mere departments were added, and a large amount of news items secured from the military units. At one time, over twenty five different contributors v/ere turning in news. A number of old -newspaper men were ,. flsund in the camp and w.ere induced to contribute freely to the columns of the paper. Among the features added, were an athletic section, religious column, and a section devoted to a review of the military operations of the week. The latter v/as carefully prepared each week by Professor Walter Scott, and proved to be a successful undertaking. Among the well-known contributors to special columns were men who had established in civilian life reputations as news gatherers. Sgt. Earl (Honey) Qood^iin, of the Portland Oregonian, prepared the 13th Sanitary Train fiho'o^; Carroll Van Court, of Ics Angeles „ did special vioxk luidev tbe head of "Muster Office"; Ma'jt Beg '.i in furnished the Xnlghts of Columbus notes; Martin Corjaor. of the Los Angelss Tribune, contributed the 10th Battalion Bayonet Points; Jack Stratton, of the los Angeles and San Francisco Examiner, before that of the iCansas City Star, handled the news from the Quarter- master's Bepartment; Jim Ega^. of the Uews Tribune and Tacoma S'imes, ^handled the Flame and Shell Sector, which contained the ordnance news items; Dave Klinesmith, of the Spokesman »23— Review, turned the grist from the Mscellaneous Detachment, Etna of the strong contributors whose stuff was always accep- table, was Sgt. Mallett, of the division h©aSquarters. Maiy others besidefl 'those added their contribution to make 'possible the success of the camp newspai§?. V^/hen the Third V/ashington Infantry went into annual encampment at Murray in September 1918, the department offered a portion of the paper to the commanding officer, to be filled by the men themselves, with news. lieut J.C. Kaynor was selected as editor for the Third and filled the lower half of the front page with special articles relative to the encampment. Lieut. Zaynor was the editor of the Ellensburg Evening Record, and the previous year filled the office of president of the Washington State Press Association. For several weeks in the late summer of 1918, P. A, Hazeltine, former registra?. of the University of Washington, and the well-known editor of the South Bend Journal, was in the department as associate editor of the paper. Mr. Hazel- tine was in camp only a short time before he received his call Overseas v/here he accomplished a telling work with the Italian Army. fhe circulation of the paper varied according to the personnel of camp. During Occober and Hoveraber of 1918, over EO.OOO copies weekly were being discribuced f:5ee to the soldiers in the camp* Over fi.fty distributing points had been established in different parts of the camp, i'rom October 1917 until September 1918, the four page paper was placed as an insert with the Sxmday morning Ledger, thus securing a vi/ide distribution throughout the Uorthwest. Paper restrictions became so severe in the latter part of 1918, that this custom was discontinued. With the reduction of the camp there came a gradual decrease of circulation, until a^out 8,000 copies were being printed weekly when the paper ceased publication with the issue of February 2. 1919. The Canip Lewis edition of Trench and Camp had a mailing list of six hundred names. Ttiesc subscribers were scattered all over the worlds During the big financial drive which wag on in the interest -cf the welfare organisations in November 1919, over 5000 copies v/sekly were distributed through- out Oregon and Washington, coutainirg articles dealing with the welfare work as carried on by the different oiganizations at Camp Lewis, materially agni^ted in putting the drive over in those stateel. Earing the period vjhen the Y.M. O.A. was being otiticised for what was considered a pa^.tial failure in its overseas service, the department of publicity in-erviewed a larfee number of returned overseas men rnd sent the results with appropriate stories out to the newspapers. Another very telling piece of work accomplished by the department «34- was the preparation of a monthly report of the actir^ities of the association. This report was spread abroad in the Korthwest, and focused the attention of the people on the things that the Camp Lewis Y was actually doing. Every soldier leaving Camp Lewis received this report, with a report also of the overseas work of the organization. The work of the department closed July 1, 1918, and Secretary Bogue returned to civilian life. Among the members of the regular staff of the News Tribune who rendered especial s^ssistance during the early days of the paper, were Roy M'^Millan, Zilfa Phillips, and Be mice Uewell. Permanent files of the Camp Lewis Trench and Camp can be consulted at the Western Reserve Historical Society, Cleveland, Ohio; The Library of Congress, V/ashington, D.C. ; %oming State Library, Clieyenne, Wyo. ; University of Wash- ington, Seattle, Y/ashingtOn; and in the Y.M.C.A. Historical Society, 347 Hadison Ave.;' IJew York City. ■ Chapter XVI. SKAPSHOTS AT SERVICE. There were other features of Y.M.C.A. activity in Camp Lewis which did not loom up as prominently as the work of the main departments, and yet were just ag essential to carrying out the program of sdrvioe as were the others. In closing this histoiy of the Camp Lewis Y.M. C.A. we shall offer snapshot views of those features. TEE REMOUHT. One of the important military units located at Camp Lewis was the Remount, "a division of the v/ar department that cared for and trained the mules and horses that were used in array service. This division was separate from the camp except 4ii matters of discipline and sanitation. Under charge of Captain Jackson and later Captain Rader, this work assumed large proportions. At one time ten thousand head of stock were being cared 'for by 350 men. An assembly ball had been provided by the military authorities for recreational purposes in the remount area, which was located at the far end of the camp. Some extension v/ork had been accomplished in that section by the secretaries of Eu.t Uo.6, but no definite Y program, until Augusc 1918, when Fred Weller of Yakima was stationed in the assembly hall. Prom that tim© on, until July 1919, the remount enjoyed the service of the Mr. V7eller left in February 1919 and the work was looked after 'by Chaplain Samuel Newman, who had proven his worth among the artillerymen and who had been transferred by the military authorities to the remount after the big gun -35- (•■;. units had been demobilised. Chaplain llewman articulated in a fine way with the Y work,' both agjong the artillerymen and at the remount. In addition to his duties as chaplain lie was for some time a§ting as religious director at Hut I0.6. When he left the militar:/ service about May 1, 1019. the- ■ v/ork at the remount was put under direction of Iiav.Ld Korley, who had been in the headquarters building as secr®ca."^'y in charge of construct ion work. Mr. Morley remained with this work until it was discontinued in July. Chaplain lleriran, after being discharged from the army entered the Y service and June 1, 1919 was ai^pointed huilding secretary a^ No. 1 to succeed Chester Raymond. When the Y introduced the game of pu'bh ball at Camp le-zis in the fall of 1918, the first mounted game in the northwest was played by remount men at the rodeo. YiO?X XU !1:A00Iv1A.. Hundreds of soldiers spent the ?;eek end in the city of Tocoraa, v;hich is about 17 miles from camp, and early in 1918, the problem arose as to a closer union between the \70rk of the city association and the army Y. !E'he problem was solved by transferring one of the Oamp • lev;is secretaries to the city association, where he occupied a desk as the national 'v7ar Work representative. Dr. Edgar Wheeiier, who had been serving in hut Eo. 4 was assigned to the new office and from May 1918 until February 1919 he was on hand at all tines to greet the soldiers as they appeared in the city building. lir, yjheeler secured about 1£5 cots and had them placed in the building and rented out to the soldiers at a very reasonable rate. Altogether the Camp Lewis Y placed over two thousand dollars worth of equipment in the Tacoma building to be used in providing for the comfort of the army boys who made use of the building. The Saturday night socials inaugurated by Mr. ll/heeler proved very popular, and the lobby of the buflding was crowded every week-end with Tacoraa misses and Gamp lewis doughboys. EXTMSIdK y/OEX. In addition to the extension v;ork inaugiirated in the trenches and at the OoT.S. , the Y, M. C, A. put over a large work among two special battalions and v;ith the State Guard encampment at Murray. \'Ihe:.\ the development battalion Was fonned, the military authorities assigned, an empty barracks to the Y, in which to conduct regular hut wox-k. This was at first under direction of E0.6, but after z'i\e closing of the O.T.S. Mr. V/ebb was placed in charge. V/ith the assistance of secretaries Mellor, Greening, Hazeltine, -36- Wrighter, Cole and Bloxham, a large v/ork was carried on. Tlie Eighth Battalion, which was composed of nearly 1500- men at one time, all under strict quarantine which prohibited their even 5etting to a canteenv presented an opportunity to the secretaries who were working with the Beve lepra en •■-, battalion, and a large tent was erected in their aro'-i, and they were furnished Y service. Secretary ViTrighter or. "Uncle Billy" as everyone knew him, and F. A. Haselorne soon made the large tent a center of activity. - V/lth the advent of the rainy season the work was housed in a hayshed which was remodelect for the purpose. The work \sith the State GuarQ. at Murray was an exceptionally fine service ancl received the comi^iendation of Colonel McClurc, commander or the Third Washington Infantry K. G. A large tent wsg placed on the ground at Murray, (Gamp Robertson for the encampment) and Secretaries lynch and Cushman assigned for two weeks. Every night the tent was packed v/ith men. Programs were furnished in part by the men themselves, and by the department of entertainment from Camp Ley/is. This same type of work v;as repeated during the encampment of 1919. Early in the spring of 1919, troops from the rirst Infantry were sent from Camp Levis to Tacoma a^d Seattle to do guard duty in anticipation of serious trouble during the strike that was called in both cities. They were stationed in the armory at both pSsaces and restricted as to their movements. Here again the Y came to the front. Jour secretaries accompanied the troops as their trains pulled our of the camp, and remained with them until they were recalled. Athletic equipment, reading matter, social progriams,> writing material, etc. were furnislned by the Y for the soldiers 'use. TROOP TRAIN WORX. The service on troop trains developed to such an extent that a special department was necessary and the same was formed "bjt the national V/ar Work Comicil. The duty of this department was to furnish Y se-fevice to 'men coming from civilian life into army camps, to troops in transit from one camp to another, and to those men returning for demo- bilization. Early in 1918, E. V/. Oliver, secretary at Ko.8, was asked to look after this branch of service. Through the courtesy of the military authorities and 1. F. Nev/ton ajid frank Coleman, representatives of the United States Railroad Administration, inf ormat ion was secured concerning the mcvements of all men either coming into or leaving Camp lewis. Secretaries, would meet the incoming rookies .." -37- at points outside. the camp and travel with them sometimes a hundred miles. .They would pass from car to car an<3 give the- men information rega^i-ding the experiences av/aiting at the carap. This service was appreciated "by those to v/hom it v;as rendered for most of them v;ere in absolute ignorance of the v;ays and customs of army life. When troops xvere transferred to other cai.ips, a Y secretary accompanied the train, carrying with him reading matter, stamps, games and other things that might be needed by the men while en route. ■ This work was handled by Mr. Atkinson after August 1918, when I\tr. Oliver returned to his school work in los Angeles. Vi/hen Ivlr. Atkinson left the service in March 1919, thctrocp train and publicity depart- ments were combined and looked after by the same secretary. For the last five months of active war work the chief duty • of those carrying on the work of the department was the greeting of troops as they arrived at Canp Lewis for discharge, Hundreds of dollars v;orth cf oranges and apples were distri- buted among the boys as they left the train at American lake station. Many cf the trains that reached the camp early in the morning were greeted with doughnuts and coffee served by the Y men and the girls of the Y.W. C.A. CIVIL SERVICES. iii/hen the work of demobilization commenced in Gamp Lewis, eve^y effort possible was made to helf) the discharged soldier to find a job. The military authorities sent cut special representatives v/ho scoured the ncrthr/est, securing data that would prove cf value to the man needing work. By direction of Ma Jor-General Leitch, a 5rocationa| department was instituted in Carap Lewis, and the man and job brought together if possible before the man left camp. 5?he United States Employment Service and the U. S. Shipping Board placed representatives in the office of the department. The Y had a valuable contribution to make to this work. Secre- tary C, C. Cole was a member of the Civil Service Board and was offered by the Association to the Civil -Service C-ommission to act as its representative in camp. Tfce offer was accepted, and during the months of demobilization' Mr.- Cole turned the attention of several hundred men toward the civil service, SOUG LEADERS. The importance of singing as o developer of morale was early recognized by the war department, and some of the strongest song loaders of the country were ca|led into service. The first military song lencLer appointed to Camp Lev;is was R.F. Dnvies, of Tacoma. He was succeeded in 1918 by Robert Lloyd, of CdLifornia, wlnoise mEthod of voice training has giT^n him national reputation, llr. Lloyd is also the author of the well-known "ilr. Zip-Zip- Zip". In Jxme 1918, the - ' -38- National V/ar Work Council office at San Projicisco sent John Henry Lyons of Trcsno to Gamp Lewis to act in the capacity of Y songlcader. Ltr. Lyons remained until March 1, 1919, and during the jeriod of .his service conducted a large :^uiuher of sings in camp. He was also in-'jlrumental in putting on a large numher of big programs in fL'acoiua to v;hich city he la*.-,er went as music director of public schools. Professor Howell Isaac, formerly instructor in McComiack Seminary and Moody Institute, Chicago, fcll..woi Mr. Lyons. Mr. Isaac spent several months with the sp.ru'Ao aivi- . sion before coming to Camp Lewis. Coming of Welsh ancestry, music is second nature to him. His marked ability as a director ma^e him very popular in camp, and he organised several classes of song lenders among the soldiers. 7.n a course of ten lessons he trained a large number of 'men so that they could get ^pon the platform and conduct a song service. His reputation spread abroad, and he was called on several ' times to'visit different cities of the state and conduct community sings. His work along this line in Spokane and Yakima attracted considerable attention. Mr. Isaac left the v/amwork June 24, 1919 to become community song leader for the Seattle City Association. AT THE HOSPITAL All v/elfare work in the hospitals under jurisdiction of the American war department was done under direction of the Bed Cross, There was no tendency, however, en the part of that organization to handicap any of the other societies that desired to comprehend the needs of hospital patients in their program. There was so much to be done in the hospital that the 2ed3ross uelcomed the cooperation of the others. The Y commenced -operations in the hospital about the EOth of October, 1917, and the work from that time on aiid during the year 1918 was limited to ward service by reason of the lack of a regular hut in that area. Eooms were provided in barracks 22 and later in 91 for -the use of Y secretaries. In January 1919 the splendid building referred to in en earlier chaptfer- was completed and a larger work accomplished. Among the men who served most eff icientlj'' in this important part of the work were Rev. Richard Perrcll, of Spokane; Robert C. Prench, of Seattle; Robert Millard and E. E. Trayle, of Portland; Dr. A. 0. Moses of the Qreen Lake Congregational Church, Seattle; Archie Smith, Sale'j.r, Oregon; Miss Glen Shope, Portland; and Edgar Buri7ell, Ol'.ympia, [i.'he work of Mr. Perrell in ward visitation endeared ''lim to hundreds of soldiers, and'whcn he left the camp April 1, 1919 after eighteen months service, many expressions of regret were heard. -39- To Robert C. French must go the credit for having secured, the finest talent in the neci'1?y cities in order to put on programs attractive to hospital patients. Mr. frencSt worked under the impression that the very best v;as none too good for the sick and convalescent soldiers. Clubs, schools, '"hurches, professional entertainers, all contributed at ivir. French ''s request to the enter-cainment of the men. Afternoon rc^ep- ticns, musicals, excursions, picnics, until every soldi et iJL camp wanted to become a hospital patient. WOMEH WOEKBRS. • In Cniimp I«ev7is, only four women served on the Y. M. C.A. staff. Luring the existence of the Development Battalion school, , several la dies were engaged for part time as teachers in the school, but they were not reckoned as mentbers of the staff. Miss Marguerite Aellen of Spokane became stenographer at the heaiquarters building June 14, 1918 and ronained until June 1, 1919 when she accepted a similar position with the Camp Psychiatrist. Her sister, Miss Ida Aellen, succeeded her at the Y.H. C.A. Miss EcLc Cottle, of Seattle, ireceiv ed the appoint- ment of Information Secretary September 12, 1918, and rendered most efficient service in that capacity until II'.' July 1, 1919 when she returned home. Miss Glen Shope, reconstruction aide, from Portland, was attached to the staff of the hospital Y April 1, 1919. Her duties were of a social nature rather than reconstruction work. RELATION TO OTHER ORGAKIZATIONS. fhe relations existing between the Y. M. C.A. and the military authorities were aT.vays most cordial. The Y had a peculiar work to accomplish in the camp and the military recognized the value of that service and gave hearty cooper- ation whenever th^ association found it necessary to £.sk official assistance. This was especially true in the relation that exi'^ited between the chaplains, division infantry school of arms, Development Battalion officers, and the morale divi- sion. The different commanders of the camp, Llajor-Gereral Greene, Ilajor General Leitch, Briggftier-General Vander^pLlt, Brigadier-S§neral ViTatson, and Colonel Jones, all .^aX'e their support and sympathy to the work of the organization In Camp lewis. Major General Johnson, comraander of the .•iaE:p ai: the time of 4rriting, speaks in very appreciative terms of the war work accomplished by all the welfare bodies. Welf servi camp -40- that existed tetr/een the Y, the KmC. , nnd the J. W. B. as the fact that in the fall of 1918 I,Ir. Grilley in charge 'Of the Y.M.C.A. ; Adrian Ward, general secretary of the K. of C. , ■said' i.Ir.' Saulson who v'as heading up the Jewish work, conferred together concerning the "best v;ny in which to bring the work of their respective organirjation to the attention of the new men who were coming into camp. The result of the conference was the printing a^^a distrituting of a uniqvie card among the *lnen as they passed through the receiving tent. !Dhe card bore across th^i top the insignia of each isit the three welfare organizations. Directly beneath was an invitation to n%\ the men to make use of their buildings, and belov; a list of the buildings of each, ".vith their location. She lower part of the card feave a list of the chaplains then -in camp, with their office buildings. In addition to this, a speaker appeared before all the new men of the Hepot Brigade as they attended military kptures, and explained to them the work of the different welfare bodies. This was the first time in history that a Protestant, Catholic ind Jewish organization united in making their appeal to men. The movement received the apprbval and commendation of the military authorities. The feeling of sectarianism was rarely, if ever, evidenced agong the different welfare workers serving in Camp Lewis. tririfTTt-tt-TrTTTtr-iririff .Hrfinr ADDSEDUl'I. July 1 to October 1,1919 With the release of so many secretaries and the impossibility, because of the ever changing military complex- ion of the camp, of putting on a definite, systematic pro- gram, a double load was thrown on the shoulders of the men who remained to handle the situation. In spite of the many dispiriting experiences, however, the work was cared for and the Y. M.C.A, in Camp Lewis lived up to its purpose of serving the men of the army from the time they were drav/n into the service until the complete demobilization of Uncle Sam's big fighting machine. The work established in the demobilization area did not cease until after the last unit designated for discharge at Camp Lewis had made its appearance and left. Even then the Y building remained open with a secretary on hand until after the mustering out or discharge of ihe officers and clerks who composed the Demobilization Group. The work in that prea was cared for principally "by "Dad" Clark and Arthur Boone until late in September, when both men were secured by the Tacoma city association, Mr. Clark becoming director of education, and Mr. Boone, account- ant. This work was closed up by Secretary Kucntzel. -41- Over in the hospital area, v/hile many of the patients had "been transferred to the Letterraan General Hospital at San Jrancisco and the personnel materially reduced, Dr. Prench de- termined that there should "be no let-up in the matter of Y programs. The splendid service -vhich he rendered during those days was another testimonial to his ability of alv;ays getting v/hat he went after. For several weeks the only Protestant religious program in camp was the one held in the hospital Y. For several deye Secretary French would be found scouring the country about in se-rifih of fruit which would be served at the Sunday evening service. The conpelling program of fruit, ice- cream, eke, loju and a strong speaker always served to fill his building with men. About the middle of September l\'Ir. French left the service to -^csumc a professorship in one of the eastern colleges. For n few weeks this point was cared for by lir, Trayle, who returned to Portland about the first of October. Donald McEdward was then transferred from headquarters to the hospital building and with his v/ife, formerly o secretary in the Hostess House, is now caring for the '^vork. Among other changes in the headquarters staff during these days, was the transfer of Miss Cottle to lIo.S, where she rendered excellent service during the last d-^ys of demobilization. Mr. Smith relinquished his office as business secretary and en- rolled as a student in the Willamette University, S-^lera, Oregon. Mr. White was recalled from Yakima to h-.ndlc the work of this office. Professor Walter Scott left a^aut September 1st, having been secured by the University of Hontana, Ivlr. Mclntire, after two months service with the clerical force in the railit'^ry head- quarters, assumed the position of athletic director at the Yakima High School. Ilr. Morley went to Top^-enish as instructor in manual training. In Building llo.l, the Y service mov^^d along very smoothly under the direction of Samuel llev/man. With the closing of the Hostess House, Mr. Hewman proposed opening a rest room for ladi..s in the soiith end of Ho.l. This was done and lirs. McEdward placed in charge. Encouraging reports concerning the future of Camp Lewis began to drift in during the early days of September. General Johnston was transferred to th^ g^^neral staff at Y/ashington, and Major General Morrison then in charge of the Western Department, v/as sent to Camp Lewis as commander. Announcement was soon made that the- Thirty-.F.i.rst Field Artillery Brigade had been ordered to locate permanentily at this fpint. This mc "nt that about seven hundred soldiers woull locate n the old artillery area, as the nucleus of a brigade which vjoulil probabij.y bu recruited to a strength of 2800 men. For the -4E- y M C A tilis meant the re-optning of Building IIo. 6 and plnyshed llo.2. These buildings were overhauled and restocked lor service, and Secretary Kcidert, ?;ho had rendered splendid service ns educational secretary in the old days when Y 6 was the recognized headquarters of the artillery- men, was transferred from IJo,l to take charge of the new work. While Building Ho. 5 on the northside of the camp was drawing its v/ork to a close, over across t^e arill ground lio,6 was taking on new lease of life. Duririg the early days of Fall, two v^ry important conferences were held in California, at which the question of the future service of the Y M C A in array circles v/as given serious consideration. Camp Secretary Carey wa& in attendance at both of these conferences. ##################### TT -43- ROSTER OF EMPLOYED SECRETARIES MB TEACHERS. P Davis Acheson -- Chehaiis, Wh. Vifoi. Edv;ard Adams - Seattle, Wn. ■ 0.2. Anderson Steilacoon, -Wn. J".. D. Applegate — V/alla Walla, Wn R.^E Atkinson PortlaR^, Ore. R

oatt-le, Wn. Weston Henry Everett, k^n. Kenneth Hicks Turlock, Calif. R Hills J E Howard Davenport, Wn. P T Hens en Tacoma, Wn. Howell Isaac Jos Angeles, Cal. Rev.E A Johnson-Seattle, Wn. F G Kelley Everett, Wn ■ Hugo Mrchoff er-Los Angeles, Cal. Leo Kohl Geo.F. Kuentzel--Seattle, V/n. John C Lazenby--Lind, V/n. Herbert H Lev/is-Seattle, Wn. J E Lewton Porest Grove, Ore. S D Lynch Burton, Wn. Geo T Mackenzie- J D MackiS r Portland, Ore. E T Mastei-son Sea':tle, Wn. E L McCartneyf — Cashmere, Wn. Donald McEdward-Chency , Wn. Geo. R McIn£ire--McMinnville , Or. D A McLeod Forth Bend, Ore. W G McMorran Tacoma, V/n. Rocc C lilies Tacoma, Wn. • Robert Millard--?or"cland, Ore. J P Miller Portland, Ore. Donald V Mitchell- Seat tie, ''Mn. W C Moore Portland, Ore. D V Mcrthland---lIorth Yakima/ Wn. C V Munsey Taocma, Wn L J Neiiert S'la^/ton, V/n. John H Ile\ille--Waldville, Wn. Meier Kenaiari. C A Kutley Seattle, Wn. R S Osgood B.oi:i.-.ng .■Bay,.Wn. •Raymond B Pease-l3vr?.iie, V/yo. • B G Pike-* Por^rjaad, Ore. G G Poolton 3oa-cbl3. V/n. Mrs. Carl A Reicher'r.-Tillicum.Wn. J S Richards Seattle, Wn. Palmer Rogers Pocatello, Ida. -45- S G Ruegg Meneshn, Wis. B H Schmiat Yakimn, Wn. Walter Todd Scott- Anaconda, -Mont. Miss Glen Sliope Portland, Ore. C H Slover Milton, Ore. • Archie H Smith Salem, Ore. E M Smith Eugene, Ore. G I Sovereign M H Squier Wemtchec, Wn. Addison SteVi/art — Sumner, Wn. H M Strickler E S Tow^on Olympia Wn. Wm H Treisch Seattle, Wn. J E Tuell Tacoma, Wn. Edgar B Van Osdel-McMinmEille, Or. Ben I Vaughan Ca&hmere, Wn. A S Vinsent Oakland, Gal.' R E V/arnick Yakima, Vfa. ■ Chas T Wehb Monroe, V/n.- A D Weir Corvcllis, Ore. M D Y/ells Portland, Ore. • S V Russell Everett, Wn. Geo E Schuylemnn Portland, Ore. Wm A Scllwood Tacoma, V/n. Geo.F Sr.mons Colorado Springs ]>;ight Smith Seattle, Y/n. D Smith Oak Grove, Ore. Robert B Soper Spokane, Wn. Hubert A Spalding- Piillman, V/n. C C Stewart J H Stine Seattle, Wn, E R Trayle Hillsdale, Ore. L L Truscott E Tyler Tacona, Wn. John A Van Pelt--Bcllingham,Wn. W D Vincent Blackfoot, Ida J W ViTollace Spokane, Y/n. Fnil G Warnock Everett, Wn.' J L Webster Tacoma, Wn. ■ I'red G Y/eller Yakima, Wn.- Earle D V/estf Forest Grove, Or. E C Wheeler Tacoma, Wn. W T Williams Hinsdale, Mont, Lawrence A V/ilson-Tacoraa, Wn F W Witham Everett, V/n. Luard L Woodv/ard — Oswego, Ore.- E J Wright W P Wrighter Yakima, V/n. E E Young Ghica.o-0, 111. Richard W Y/hite--Yakina, Wn. S A Y/ilson Tacoma, Wn. T E Winecoff Harry V/ Witham Everett, Wn. E!3pl S Wooster Ellensburg, 7/n. R B Y/right Lewiston, Ida. Charles D Yates — Y/eston, Ore. G H Yost Cheney, V/n. ■ Instructors lylrs. E.B. Brauer-- Mrs. Mabel M. Derrickson, Tacoma L L Deal Tacoma, Yin. Miss Regina Gross- Charles Eugene Pioda, Seattle Ivlrs. L D Sparks-- Tacoma Retr. Hugh E.Brown--Seattle, Wn. Marcel Daly Seattle, Wn. Mrs. Chas.C. Gray-Eugene, Ore. J P Miller Portland, Ore. E Reynolds Tacoma, V/n. Mrs. B Sperlin- -Tacoma, V/h. -46-