DANIEL AND EZEKIEL WEBSTER. AN ADDRESS BEFORE THE BAR ASSOCIATION OF GRAFTON AND COOS COUNTIES, By HON. HENRY P. ROLFE, AT THE ANNUAL MEETING AT LANCASTER. FEBRUARY 2, 1886. CONCORD: Republican Press Association, Railroad Square. 1891. DANIEL AND EZEKIEL WEBSTER. AN ADDRESS BEFORE THE ION OF GRAFT AND COUNTIES, ,nd cor By HON. HENRY P. ROLFE, AT THE ANNUAL MEETING AT LANCASTER, FEBRUARY 2, 1886. CONCORD : Republican Press Association, Railroad Square. 1891. E3 ADDRESS. At the age of fifteen, Daniel Webster's health was not good, and he was far from strong. He conld do only the light work about the house, the stable, and the farm. On the other hand, Ezekiel, two years older, was a sturdy, strong, well made young man, who did his full share of hard farm-work with the " hired hands." He lisped considerably when talking, but Daniel spoke in a full, clear, deliberate manner. Both boys were studious : a lady who attended school with both of them has said that she never saw either of them idle in school. Their father did not have an abundance of this world's goods. He had been one of the first settlers in Salisbury, establishing himself on the extreme frontier ; and he had spent a large share of his life in the service of his country, with poor pay, or no pay at all. When he began to think about the education of his sons, his farm was under a mortgage, but he had determined to l ' raise his children to a condition better than his own." Conse'queutly he sent Daniel to Phillips academy in Exeter, then the capital of the state. Both boys had attended every day their own district school while it lasted, and the schools in adjoining districts frequently were arranged so as to afford one or two months mote instruction to pupils living near by. So, when at the age of fifteen his father sent him to Kxeter, Daniel was proficient in all English branches. His school-masters had been Master Chase, and, specially, the renowned James Tappan, whom he afterward mentions in the most endearing terms. His health improved with study, and his intellect brightened and 4 DANIEL AND EZEKIEL WEBSTEB. strengthened as his body developed and grew strong. Exeter my was an expensive school fur the father's Btraitened means, and the Bon's intellectual growth seemed t<> outstrip the conditions and opportunities around him. So, after two terms, or Bis months, :it Exeter, the father determined t<» Bend lii- bou Bpeedily to college, and with this object made arrangements to place him at Boscawen under the instruction of the Rev. Samuel I, a most benevolent man and excellent teacher. He kept bis determinatioo from the boy for Bome time, and at length told him In- would carry bira over to Boscawen and place him in tuecare and nnder the tuiti f Mr. W 1. where he could ■• <1<> chores" and thereby pay :i good Bhare of bis expenses. Daniel bad beard :i great deal of Dartmouth college, and had onged for the advantages and delights that an education there would confer upon him, but bad never dared to expect, or even hope, that be could I"- the happy recipient of them. When be came near the end of the journey to Boscawen, and while ascending the long, Bteep bill that led to Mr. Wood's house, the father, for the first time, opened to hi> boh his deci- sion to Bend him to college. <> happy day for Daniel Webstei ! o happier day for Dartmouth collegi With :i heart full <>t" filial love and overflowing with filial gratitude, the boy laid liis dizzy bead upon the paternal Bboulder and wept, bnt Baid noth- ing. Late in after life he wrote, — "The thing appeared bo high, and the expense and sacrifice it would cost my father ><> great, [ conld only press bis hand and shed tears. Excellent, excel- lent parent! I cannot think of yon now without being a child again!" The lips that never afterwards failed to express the emotions of that great, noble, loving heart were dumb with overpowering thankfulness, and the tongue that afterwards thrilled tin- civilized world with its eloquence "cleaved to the roof of liis mout h." Later, his father sent for bim, and lie went home for the hay- making, — but the hay-field was lonely compared with Mr. W I's studv; turning the mown grass was dull work compared with turning tin' leaves of Don Quixote, or the translation of Vergil and Cicero. He thought his scythe bung more gracefully, and more to suit him, on the limb of an apple-tree than in his hands ! Daniel went to Hanover on horseback to enter college, and DANIEL AND EZEKIEL WEBSTER. O carried his bed, bedding, clothing, and books with him. His way led through New Chester, Hill, Danbury, Grafton, Orange, Canaan, Enfield, and Lebanon. He was poorly prepared for college, his preparatory course having lasted only eleven months. He himself said, " I was not litted for college." There, as everywhere else, he was never idle. In addition to his prescribed studies and duties he read much, and paid his board for an entire year by superintending the publication of a little weekly paper : during the winter vacations he taught school. When he went away one winter he wore away Benja- min Clark's new ten dollar beaver hat: hats at that time were made of real beaver fur. He was quite a swell as school-master, with this elegant new head-covering. His class-mate, Clark, supposed it was surely lost. Clark had searched high and low for his new hat, and was obliged to put up with an old one that he had. When Daniel came back to college with the hat, Clark shook hands with him over the joke, and they were good friends ; and so glad was the latter to find that his nice new hat, the envy of the college, had not been stolen, that they remained good friends ever after this so called " college prank." While Daniel for two years and a half was exulting in the enjoyment of educational advantages, Ezekiel, whom he loved with all the tenderness of youthful brotherly ardor, was at home, at work early and late on the farm helping his father and contributing to the support of Daniel in college, without mur- muring or objecting. The latter began to feel uneasy at his brother's situation. It troubled him to think that Ezekiel, with many gifts as great as his own, should be plodding at home on the farm, while he himself was obtaining a liberal education. Though Daniel was unhappy at his brother's prospects, what could be done? To educate one son at Dartmouth seemed almost more than his father, with limited means and a mortgaged farm, could do. When Daniel had been at college one year and two terms, and was paying many of his own expenses by the labors above described, he took courage for his ki brother Zeke " and went home to spend his May vacation. The two boys went to bed, and through the live-long night held serious consultation about the elder brother's chances to fit for college and complete his education. Daniel was two years his junior, and already 6 DANIEL ANI» K/.l.kll I. WEBSTER. nearly balf through his collegiate coarse: the elder brother was at least five years behind bim. They rose after Banrise without having Bhut their eyes, bul they had aettled their plans. All the pros and cone bad been weighed and considered, and, although it might Beem late in life for Ezekiel to commence In* prepara- tion for college, it was Bettled thai Daniel Bbould propose to bis father that Ezekiel ?-h«»uI«l be Benl to Bchool and to college. This was the first cause of importance that the great advocate undertook, and it was before a most appreciative tribunal, and be had a .Unit whom In- adored. The father was old, hie health I. hie circumstances not easy, the farm mast be carried on. tin- mother ami two Bisters tenderly cared for : when Ezekiel Bbould go away the mainstay <>f the family would be gone. • I athei "' -anl Daniel. " I am extremely unhappy at Ezekiel's prospects in life. Nature has been bountiful in gifts to bim. In personal appearance, in manly beauty, be la inferior to no >n thai 1 ever saw. It ia true he lisps a little, but, with me, thia only adds a charm to bia Bpeech. Bui be baa rare qualities both Of head and heart, and when his natural endow- ments shall be improved and polished by a liberal education, be will be a man that hi> father, hi- mother, bia brother, and his sisters will be proud of. I cannot bear to be enjoying advan- - denied to him. For myself, I can Bee my way through. Mv pathway to respectability, to knowledge and self-protection, ia clear before me. I am nearly half-way through college, and. by editing a paper al Hanover and teaching Bchool for the past two winters, I have been able thus far to pay more than balf mv bills. 1 am do longer despondent about myself. I am full •urage. I can keep BChool and stay more than four years in college, if necessary, if only my brother can have the advan- tages thai 1 am enjoying. I hope never to fail in affectionate veneration for you and mother, nor m tender regard for my >is- ters ; but 1 want Ezekiel to have the advantages which I have, and then they will afford me more than double enjoyment. It will sadden all my future life to have him denied the privileges which lie deserves as much as — yes, more than I." The reply of that father, who ** shrunk from DO sacrifice to serve his country through the fire and blood of :i seven years' revolutionarv war," entitles him to the appellation of "excel- DANIEL AND EZEKIEL WEBSTER. I lent, excellent parent." "My son," said be, " I have lived and am living but for my wife and my children. I have but little of this world's goods, and on that little I put no value, except as it may be useful to them. To carry you both through college, my son, will take all that I am worth, and I am willing to run the risk myself ; but when it comes to your mother and sisters, it is a more serious matter. You are all equally dear to me, and had it pleased heaven to endow me with riches, there is no priv- ilege of education that should be denied any one of you. Eze- kiel and you must settle this matter with your mother aud sis- ters ; if their free consent is obtained, you shall both have a collegiate education, and I will put my trust in Providence and get along to the end of life as well as I can." There was a grave family council of father, mother, sons, and daughters. For a time the father sat in silence. At length he said to the mother,— " I have had a long talk with Daniel about Ezekiel's going to college, and the hearts of both the boys seem to be set upon it ; but I have told them that I could promise nothing without the free consent of their mother and sisters. The farm is already mortgaged, and if we send Ezekiel to col- lege it will take all we have ; but the boys think they can take care of us." Parents and children mingled their tears together. Daniel had gone, and now Ezekiel, the strong staff upon which the aged father and mother and the unmarried dependent sisters were leaning, must be separated from them and their home no longer be cheered daily by his presence. It was a moment of intense interest to all the family. The mother was a high-minded, stout-hearted, sagacious woman, and it did not take her, the mother of two such boys, long to decide the matter. She at once saw the reasonableness of the request, and the great advantage to be derived by her sou if his request should be granted, and she gave her decision in these words : " I have lived long in this world, and have been happy in my children. If Daniel and Ezekiel will promise to take care of me in my old age, 1 will consent to the sale of all our prop- erty at once, that they may enjoy with us the benefits of what remains after our debts have been paid." O excellent, excellent father ! Noble, noble mother ! Dear > DANIEL AND EZEKTEL WEBSTER. devot - ! The die was cast, and with tears and benedic- tions the family submitted to a temporary separation. But the farm was not Bold, and the parents continued in comfortable circumstances to the end of life. One of the Bisters was happily married and became the mother of the well known and accom- plished scholar, diplomat, and orator, ( ibarles B. Haddock, while both spent useful and happy lives and left behind them good and honored nan • Daniel went back to Hanover; Ezekiel took his bundle of clothes and bo >r. W I's, and began the Btudy of Latin and Greek, for he, like Daniel, was well up in the English branches. There was an excellent academy at Salisbury, and miel bad been allowed two terms at Exeter, Ezekiel was to be allowed two terms at Salisbury, after which be was to return to Dr. W I's. !!<■ spent »i\ months at the academy, and thru completed bis preparatory course with Dr. Wood, where his i \- penses were about one dollar a week. It is fair to presume the elder brother was as well fitted as the younger, for he was quite as studious, althongh he distrusted bis ability to get on. But Daniel wn.tr liiin frequently from Hanover, cl red him up, and allured him al In the Bpring of 1801, Ezekiel entered Dartmouth, before his brother bad graduated. In Augusl of the Bame year Daniel took his diploma, his brother having already accomplished one vear of his collegiate education. [t has often been said thai Daniel was exasperated with the treatment of the faculty in not giving him the valedictory, and indignantly tore ap and threw away his diploma, exclaiming, '• Dartmouth college will hear from me hereafter." This Btory has do foundation in truth whatever, and no graduate of the col- lege ever cherished more personal regard for the professors and more veneration for his alma-mater than did Daniel Webster. Theodore Parker, in his sermon on Mr. Webster's death. preached in the Blelodian in October, 1852, remarked that "Dr. Wood had small Latin and less Greek." Mr. Parker was misin- formed. Dr. Wood graduated at Dartmouth in 1797 with the highesl honors of his class, and was awarded and delivered the valedictory address at commencement. He studied theology, was licensed to preach, and began his ministry in the October DANIEL AND EZEKIEL WEBSTER. 9 following. He prepared four score of young men for college, and was considered a ripe scholar for his time. The writer of this article was born and reared in the same school-district where Dr. Wood resided during all his life in Boscawen, and knows he was an excellent linguist and an eminent divine. It will not be supposed that Daniel Webster was taken from so distinguished and competent a teacher and classical scholar as Dr. Abbott of Phillips Exeter academy to complete his prepar- atory course and put on the finishing touch with Dr. Wood, if the latter had " small Latin and less Greek." He was, as I have said, an excellent classical scholar and a learned man, and the degree of doctor of divinity was conferred upon him at a time when that honor signified something'. DIPLOMA. I desire to call attention to another mistake of Mr. Parker's, made in the same sermon, and which was current as a tradition a long time before Mr. Webster's death. He said,—" He grad- uated in his twentieth year, largely distinguished for power as a writer and speaker, though not much honored by the college authorities. So he scorned his degree, and, when the faculty gave him their diploma, he tore it in pieces in the college yard in presence of some of his mates, it is said, and trod it under his feet." I heard this a great many times when a boy, and while fitting for college and in college, and always considered it an invention of some idle, careless, disappointed person who had neither earned or deserved collegiate honors. I shrank from contradicting this story, but at the same time had the best evidence that it had no shadow of a foundation, for if Daniel Webster had, more than a year after his graduation, shown and translated his diploma to one of his loved and cher- ished friends, it would be rather convincing proof to me that he did not tear it up and trample it under his feet. But within one year, Mr. Stephen M. Allen, president of the Webster Histori- cal Society, in the Spectator, has reiterated the story as a tradi- tion. At an agricultural fair, where George W. Nesmith was present, his attention was called to a decision upon the merits of two animals, wherein one had an award in money and the other, a In DANIEL \M' EZEKIEL WBBBTBB. diploma. A person remarked that the money award was made to the wrong animal, and he further Baid, — " It' 1 were that ani- mal that has received the diploma, I would d<> with it as Daniel Webster