id /Ooo^ZZe^U^ ^looio<^ T *^ // T l^^ZU/'lly^tJ^^ ^T/i^yf^^i^^ SB 971 .B91 Copy 1 ^'^"e^ sW^ SAVE YOUR ORCHARDS -A-IsTD Polysolvc Preparation DESTROYIiyC INSECTS. Adopted by Department of Public Parks of the City of New YorL / Brustlein. Sury & Co., Sole Proprietors and Manufacturers, N"o. 11 DEY STK,EHIT, ITB'W YOR,K. P. O. J3.0X 3348. TESTIMONIAL. Certificate from Prof. E. B. SOUTHWICK, Botanist and Entomologist of CENTRAL PARK, NEW YORK, on the " Polysolve Preparations," used in the Central and City Parks of New York. Messrs. BRUSTLEIN, SURY & CO. Gentlemen : — I have used your Polysolve Preparations for Insect Destruction in tlie Central and City Parks of New York and have found it all that could he desired. Several Thousand trees have been treated with it, such as the oak, hickory, butternut, elm, apple, willow, poplar, plum, pear, quince, thorn, horse-chestnut, ash, maple, catalpa, pine, etc., in fact any tree infested with the scale insect or wooly aphis has been put in the best condition, and all trees so treated have shown a marked difference in growth and appearance even in one summer. I have also used it for cleaning trees that are covered with minute fungi and green moss, often so abundant in moist shady situations. For the prevention of wood boring and bark burrowing insects depositing their eggs and for the destruction of the eggs and larvae, I believe this preparation Avill be most useful. I have been and am still treating trees subject to their attack and expect to get satisfactory results, as the Pol5^solve Preparation remains on the tree for some time it must destroy any eggs or larvae, it comes in contact with. I only wish that every farmer, fruit-grower and owner of trees and shrubs could use this remedy which has done such effectual work in the Parks of New York. Respectfully, E. B. SOUTHWICK, Entomologist in charge. Arsenal Building Central Park, ) September 20, 1884. ) DESCRIPTION OF PARASITES WHICH PREY UPON Fruit and Ornamental Trees NOV 25 1884>/. Dr. MULLER JACOBS' POLYSOLVE PREPARATIONS For Destroying Insects injurious to Vegetation. SOLE PROPRIETORS AND MANUFACTURERS Brustlein, Sury & Co., No. 11 Dey Street, New York. SE3E3 a-EJNEK/AL IN^IDB^S OlST 1TE2CT FA-O-E. COPYRIGHT, 1884, By BRUSTLEIN, SURY & CO. -W ... VV GENERAL INDEX. Page. 2. 3- 4. 5- 6. 7- 8. 9- lO. 1 1. 12. 13- 14- I. Save your Orchards and Ornamental trees, (Value of property destroyed by insects yearly in the U. S.) IT. What is Polysolve ? (General properties of Polysolve Preparations. ) HI. Description of some of the parasites which prey upon fru other trees, etc., . . . . . I. The Apple-root Plant-louse, The Oyster-shell Bark-louse, The Scurfy Bark-louse, The round-headed Apple-tree Borer, The Apple-bark Beetle, The flat-headed Apple-tree Borer, The long-horned Borer, The wooly louse of the Apple, . The Peach-tree Bark-louse, . The Pear-tree Borer, The Pear-tree Bark-louse, The Peach-tree Borer, The Broad Scale, The Barnacle Scale of the Orange, . The Black Scale, 1 6. The Divaricated Buprestis, 17. The Cherry-tree Scale, 18. The Cherry-tree Bark-kmse, 19. The Quince Scale, 2C. The White Oak Scale Insect, . 21. The Black Oak Scale-Insect, 22. The Oak Blight, . . . ' , 23. The Wooly Elm-Tree Douse, 24. The Hickory Park-Douse, The Hickory Blight, . The Butternut Bark-Douse, The Butternut Scale Insect, . The Docust Borer, ..... The Poplar, Ash and Willow Scale-Insect, The Green moss and minute fungis. The Polysolve Preparations for Destroying Insects, Preparation No. i, Red Dabel, " " 2, Blue Dabel, . " " 3, Green Dabel, Implements for applying the Polysolve Preparations Cost of applying Polysolve Preparations on trees, Index to Insects, . ..... Index to Trees, ....... Remarks on Insects, destroying shoots and leaves, Traae Mark and Price Dist, Testimonial, . . . . . . . • 2nd Fertilizers of II. ]. Baker ct Brother, . . 3d and 4th it and lY. V. VI. VII. VIII- IX 25. 26. 27. 28. 29. 30- . 8 9 ■ 9 9 10 10 10 II 1 1 II 12 12 12 12 12 12 13 13 • 13 13 • 13 13 14 14 . 14 14 14 15 • 15 15 . 16 16 and 17 • 17 18 • 19 20 . 17 page cover V Save your Orchards and Ornamental Trees. To understand the relation insects bear to each other and to the trees and plants upon whidi they prey, has been a constant study for many years by some of the most eminent and learned men of Europe and this country. The disastrous results of their workings make it necessary that those who own valuable orchard and shade trees should know what is for their best interest, and how to successfully contend with these pests that annually destroy their crops and every year lessen the utility of tree growth. Although individual insects are small and therefore seem of little moment, yet a great number of them combined makes the matter one of importance and re- quires serious consideration. The number of species is so large^ and their facundity so enormous^ that often in a few days they will so increase as to be able to destroy whole sections of country and despoil the fruit grower and farmer of his whole and often his only subsistence. To counteract this destructive influence men have been studying and experimenting for years. Many of the states have already established Entomological Bureaus, and the work of the Entomological Department at Washington, in Charge of Prof. C. V. Riley is doing a great and beneficial work for this country, and already very satis- factory results have been obtained. Millions of dollars worth of property are annually destroyed in this country by "destructive insects." B. D. Walsh, who is considered good authority, gives it as his opinion that the United States lose annually three hundred millions of dollars ($300,000,000) by de- structive insects alone. _4 — There does not seem to be a country in the world where insects are as destructive as in this, and therefore in no country is it of more importance to see that proper measures are taken to keep them in subjection. Every farmer and fruit-grower shoukl see to it that no insect infests his trees and plants. A little know- ledge and care in this respect will largely increase his crops and therefore make all of more value. There seems to be scarcely anything exempt from insect ravages. The air and water teem with countless myriads, and in the vegetable growth every part of the tree and plant is infested with them ; in the seed, stalk, bark, pith, twig, flower, bud, leaf, root, in fact every portion gives food to innumerable numbers of insects, and all at the expense of plant-life. Dr. Packard states that about seventy-five species of insects prey upon the apple- tree, and nearly as many upon the plum, peachy and cherry. Fifty species attack the grape - vine. Thirty species destroy our garden vegetables. Fifty species prey upon our cereals and grass. Fifty species infest the oaks. Twenty or more the elm. Seventy or more the walnut, and nearly a hundred prey upon the pine. Prof. J. A. Lintner, the New York State Entomologist, enumerates one hundred and seventy-six species working upon the apple-tree alone. Is it a wonder that the orchards so often fail, when the trees have such a host of enemies to contend with^ and is it not important that farmers and tree-oTOwers should know when and how to deal with their enemies ? Great numbers of insects are brought to us from for- eio-n countries in almost every imported article, therefore the United States must suffer from their ravages unless measures are taken to subdue them and keep them in subjection. The Polysolve Preparations are therefore of especial benefit for their destruction and for keeping the bark clean and in a healthy condition. II. What is Polysolve? The name "Polysolve" has been applied by the inventor to a new and powerful solvent and diluent suit- able for a variety of substances. When concentrated, it forms a clear light yellow, oily, viscid and neutral liquid (specific gravity 1,023). ^^ is soluble in alcohol, in all proportions, and is mixable with a small quantity, say one or two parts of water, without losing its oily character. With a large quantity of water it produces a clear •or faintly opalescent, foamy solution, re- markable for its extreme affinity for water and penetrability. The chief property of "Polysolve" is this, that it may be combin- ed with relatively large quantities of a great variety of substances which are powerful- agents on oro;anic matter, but could not heretofore be introduced for general use on account of being either insufficiently soluble or in other regards not easy to handle. Specially in agriculture and horti- culture many chemicals have been known lll|.!,f'''M long ago to have properties for destroying scales, larvae, and insects of every descrip- tion, but their use has been hindered by the form in which they were brought on the Section of limb of Wil- Such chemicals which could not be c^:;,;'" wuh'scarin- di I . , , . sects, the lower portion issolved m water, at any rate, are now as it appears after the , , , . Ill cleaning with the I'oly- brought to evervbodv s use m a soluble «)ive,Prepai;atioiiKo. 1. & J J Ri>-a. — Hausm. I. The Apple-root Plant-louse. Schizoneura lanigera (Hausm.) This is a very destructive insect to young apple-trees, living upon the roots;, from which the}^ take the sap, causing excresences to grow upon them, soon kilhng the tree unless measures are taken to destrov them. The Polysolve Preparation No. 2, Blue Label, will eftectually kill them by first excavating the earth from about the tree, so as to make the soil loose, then by pouring in a small quantity of the preparation the insects will be imme- diatelv killed. i — 2 The Oyster-shell Bark-louse. Mytilaspis pomonim. Bouclu'-. This is one of the most destructive in- sects we ha\e on the apple. It also infests the ash, tvillow, pop- lar, tamarisk, andtnafty other species of trees. This insect is so small and so near the color of the bark of the tree that is is often difficult to detect it. Many fruit and or- namental trees are infested with" these pests and the owners are unaware of the fact that their trees are having their life taken from them by these parasites and what should go to the nourishment of the tree and the per- fection of its fruit is taken up by these millions of suckers, imbeded in the bark. The tree therefore in- stead of doing its. special work is only feeding these insect enemies. Every apple, fruit, and ornamental 'tree should have its trunk and main branches thoroughly cleaned with PoLYSOLVE Prepara- tion No. I , Red La- bel. A good coat of it should be given and allowed to stand about five minutes, The apple-tree scale insect. (Mytilaspis /oiiiorinii). Bouche. The scale, magnifierl. then — 8 — another coat applied, and the whole cleaned oft" with the steel-brushes which will leave the bark smooth and clean and in a healthy condition. The Prepar- ation at once kills the insects and loosens the scales causing them to come off readilv, 3. The Scurfy Bark-louse. Chionaspis fiirfuriis. Fitch. Scurfy bark-louse, magnified. Scurfy bark-louse, female, magnified. The scurfy bark-louse (Chi>. Fitch. spis fu r/u rus) This scale insect is found chiefly on the apple and pear and is very destructive. The limbs and trunk have a scurfy appearance and the tree is often so weakened that it is of little value. A thorough cleaning with the Po- LYSOLVE Preparation No./, red label, as directed for the oyster shell bark- louse, will rid the tree of this pest and leave it in a healthy condition. Fig. I is a branch covered with this scale. Fig. 2 the male scale ; and Fig. 3 the female. 4. The Round-headed Apple- tree Borer. SapcJida Candida. Fabr. This destructive insect is now well known and great numbers of trees are annually lost by its working. It is found chiefly on the apple, but also works on the June berry, mountain ash, quince, pear and thorn. One of the best remedies is to wash the tree trunks and lower limbs with the preparation just before rvOund-hcaded appl -tree borer, Sapenda Candida. Fabr. — 9 — they lay their eggs, which is the later part of June and the first of July, this will keep them from depositing them on the bark, and if any should be so deposited the young larvae will be killed after hatching and when it commences to eat into the bark. The Polysolve Prkparation No. 3, Green Label,\% specially prepared for this purpose and should be used on all apple and other trees as above directed. 5. The Apple-bark Beetle. iMonarfhrum mali. (Fiich.) These destructive insects burrow under the bark of the apple-tree and are frequently so numerous as to be the means of killing them. The trees after putting forth- their leaves in spring are often seen to wither sud- denly and die. The probable cause is this insect. If the Polysolve Prepa- x.vrioN No. 3 be applied to the bark about the middle of July, it will have the effect of killing any eggs that may be deposited thereon, and will prevent its destruction bv the beetle. 6. The Flat-headed Apple-tree Borer. Chrvsobolhris femorata. (Fabr.) This destructive insect is distributed very extensively all over the vountry, the female laying her eggs in the crevices of the bark of the apple- tree. In the South it makes its appearance in May, and in the North in June and July. The Polysolve Preparation No. 3, applied the last of April in the South, and the middle of June in the North, will prevent its destruc- iflve influence. 7. The Long-horned Borer. Laptoslxlus acidifer. (Say.) This insect burrows under the bark of the apple-tree, making long narrow winding tracks often in such numbers as to kill the tree. The Poly- solve Preparation No. 3. applied the first of August will kill any eggs that may have been deposited, and prevent the female laying her eggs if she has not alreadv done so. — 10 — 8. The Wooly Louse of the Apple. Schizoneura lauigera. (Hausm.) This insect is very destructive to the apple-tree, it is the same species that attacks the root, but in this form it lives upon the shoots forming patches of a white substance resembling cotton. The insects live upon the sap and by their irritation large ex- crescences are formed upon the limbs, as is upon the roots. The PoLvsoLVE Pre- paration No. I, Red Label, is a most effectual re77ied\\ one or two appli- cations should be made and if on The wooUy apple- large limbs the '^"'"- M^g"'^^''- steel-brush can be used. Fig. I is a branch affected by these insects, and Fig. 2 one of the insects, magnified. The woolly apple-louse (Schisoneii ra in ?!igera . Hausm. 9. The Peach-tree Bark-louse. Lecaniitni persicae. (Fal)r.j This is a small, black, hemispherical scale insect that infests the peach, feeding upon its sap, weakening the tree so that it is of no use for fruit and eventually dies of exhaustion. A thorough cleaning with the Polysolve Preparation No. i. Red Label, will restore it to a healthy condition if not too far gone already. Every peach orchard should be twice a year cleaned with the preparation as it kills all insects harboring underneath the bark and leaves the trunk clean and bright. 10. The Pear-tree Borer. Aegeria pji'i. (Harris.) This is a small moth, the larvae of which burrows under the bark of the pear-tree. It can be found by the casting which it throws out from its — 11 — burrows. It feeds chiefly on the inner bark, weakening and often kilhng- the tree. The Polysolve Preparation No. 3, appHed in April will prevent the moth laying her eggs, and a thorough soaking of the bark with it will kill any larvae that it may reach. II. The Pear-tree Bark-Louse. Lecanium pyri. (Schrank.) This scale insect is found on the trunks and branches of the pear-tree and is often so numerous as to kill the tree. They are difficult to detect as they are near the color of the bark and will be found most abundant on the under side of the limbs. Every pear tree should be thoroughly washed with the Polysolve Preparation No. i, red label, and thoroughly cleaned oft~ with the steel-brush which will leave it clean and healthy. 12. The Peach-tree Borer. Aegeria exitiosa. (Say.) This is one of the most destructive insects we have to deal with, often destroying whole orchards of the peach. The female deposits her eggs on 'the bark near the ground, the young larvae, when hatched, works its way into the bark and downwards to the roots. Its work can be detected by the castings and exudation of gum; a thorough soaking of this portion of the tree with Polysolve Preparation No. 3, will kill the young. larvae and prevent &^^ deposit. 13. The Broad Scale. Lecanium liespiviJiwi. (Linn.) This is a very common scale insect in the South and portions of the West and is found on the twigs of the orange and a great variety of other trees and shrubs. The trees infested with these parasites have a sickly appeaiance and unless removed will eventually kill them. No tree or shrub having scale in- sects upon it can flourish and should be thoroughly cleaned ivith the Polysolve Preparation No. i, red label' and after The Broad Scale. (Z(ra«/?^;« cleaning another coat given it, so as ;usj>eridum.) Linn. ^^ j..jj jj^^^^j. ^j^^^ ^^ jj^ On the Orange. •' the crevices, etc. 12 14. The Barnacle Scale of the Orange. Ceroplastes cirripediformis. (Comstock.) This is one of the numerous scales that infests the orange and in the "South also the quince-trees. These insects can be effectually killed by the use of the Polysolve Preparation No. i, red label. 15. The Black Scale. Lecanhwi oleae. (Bernard.) Another scale destructive to the orange, and is said to also live on the apple, pear, plum, etc. A thorough coating of the Polysolve Preparation, No. i, red label, will kill them at once and they can be easily removed. 16. The Divaricated Buprestis. Dicer ca divarkata. (Say.) This insect lays its eggs upon the cherry-tree. The young larvae bor- ing in the bark, living on the sap-wood. The Polysolve Preparation, No. 3, should be applied in June, July and August. So as to prevent any young larvae from hatching. 17. The Cherry-tree Scale. Aspidiotis cerasi. (Fitcli.) This insect appears like a small blister on the limbs of the wild and cultivated cherry and can be effectually killed with Polysolve Preparation, No. I, red label. 18. The Cherry-tree Bark-louse. Lecajiiiun cerasifex. (Filch.) This bark-louse adhering to the trunk and branches of the cherry- tree can be also effectually killed with the Polysolve Preparation, No. i, red label, and afterward cleaning with the steel brush. 19. The Quince Scale. Aspidioins cydoniae. (Comstock.) This scale of a whitish color is easily detected on the quince-trees, it is •often so abundant as to weaken them and cause their death. Polysolve Preparation, No. i, will effectually destroy them. — 13 — As many ivlio luill read this have fine shade and ornainental trees^ a few of the most prominent and the insects ajfectinfj them are here added. 20. The White Oak Scale-Insect. Lt:caniiun quercifex. (Fitch.) This scale can be found adhering to the bark of the hmbs. A coat ofPoLYsoLVE Preparation, No. i, red label will effectualy remove them. After two applications use the steel brush. 21. The Black Oak Scale-Insect. Lecaniiini qiiercitronis. (Fitch.) A small .scale adhering to the limbs and small branches of the black oak. PoLYSOLVE Prepar.\tion, No. r, used as above, will efifectually clean them. 22. The Oak Blight. Eriosoma qiierci. (Fitch.) A species of wool}' aphis on the oaks. These can be removed by- simply washing the affected places with Polysolve Preparation, No. i. 23. The Wooly Elm-tree Louse. Eriosoma Rileyi. (Tiionias.) This wooly aphis is found in large clusters on young elm-trees, caus- ing a knotty excrescence to grow and looking like patches of cotton all over the trunk and branches. One application of Polysolve Preparation,. No. I, will effectualy remove them all. 24. The Hickory Bark-louse. Lecaniiun caryae. (Fitch.) This scale is found chiefly on the limbs of the hickory and can be effectually and quickly removed with the Preparation No. i, and steel brush. 25. The Hickory Blight. Eriosoma caryae. (Fitch.) This insect appears as a soft, white down on the branches of the hickory, and these white masses contain myriads of small plant-lice, which live upon the sap of the tree. Polysolve Preparation No. i, applied with the brush alone is sufficient to entirely remove them and kill any eggs or larvae remaining. — 14 — 2ii. The Butternut Bark-louse. Aspidioiis juglandis. (Fitch.) Small, pale brownish scales fixed to the bark of the limbs of the butternut, remove with Preparation No. i and steel brush. 27. The Butternut Scale Insect. Lecanuwi jiiglandifex (Fitch.) A dull yellow scale adhering to the under side of the limbs of the butternut. Use as above Polysolve Preparation No. i. Red Label. 28. The Locust Borer. Cylhne pida. (Diury . ) This pest so prevalent all over the country prr/oably does more injury than any other insect of its kind. Its larvae destroying young and even old locust trees by completely cutting them off, often after a high wind the locust limbs will be found lying on the ground, and upon examination they will be found to have been bored off by the larvae of this beetle. This is one of the hardest insects to contend with, and the trees need to be carefully guarded while young. The Polysolve Preparation No. 3, put on in August and the first of September will prevent the beetles from de- positing their eggs. 29. The Poplar, Ash and Willow are affected with the scale insect Mytilaspis pomormn, (Bouchc) and should be treated with Preparation No. i, and after one or two applications thoroughly cleaned with a steel brush. 80. Green Moss and minute fungi oizS^. kinds is effectually cleaned off of all varieties of trees and no tree should be left to nourish any parasite, if it is expected to appear fine and healthly and produce fruit. IV. The Polysolve Preparations for Destroying Insects. No. I. RED LABEL. For Scale insects, infestinof the trunks and branches of trees, apply the Polysolve Preparation No. i, red label, with a common white- wash brush and after letting it remain for about five minutes make another application and clean thoroughly with the steel brushes. After having thoroughly cleaned the bark make another application so as to be sure all remaining eggs or young are killed. Your tree will at once present another appearance and no one after usinsf it will ever let their trees cro over six months without a thorough cleaning with this preparation. It is not expensive and a small quantity after being mixed as directed will go a long way. To one pound Polysolve Preparation No. i, red label, add one to one and a half gallons of water. No. 2. BLUE LABEL. For insects destroying the roots of trees and plants the Polysolve Preparation No. 2, blue label, has worked very successfully. The earth is loosened and a small portion of the preparation poured around the plant at once killing the insects and leaving the roots clean and in a condition to again give proper nourishment to the tree. One application is usually sufficient and when a young tree shows sio-ns of weakness and no insects can be found upon it, the probabilities are something is at work at its roots and should at once be dug around, and some of the * Blue Label Preparation put in. To one pound Polysolve Preparation No. 2, blue label, add one to one and a half gallons of water. 15 — 10 — No. 3. GREEN LABEL. For the Apple-tree Borer and all insects that lay their eggs upon the trunk and branches. Two good ap- plications of the Polysolve Preparation No. 3, green label, will prevent the insects from laying their eggs upon the bark, and if any should hatch, the young larvae will be destroyed as soon as it begins to eat its way into the bark. Two good coats should be given as directed in pamphlet. This may seem like a great deal of work, but when one understands that one man can do a great many trees in a day, and also that the orchards are thereby benefited and saved and made to return more fruity the work is of little moment and the cost very small. To one pound Polysolve Preparation No. 3^ green label, add one ijallon of water. NOTICE :— Keep the cans closed with a plug in order to preserve the prepa- rations. Any remaining diluted solution should likewise be kept in a closed receptacle if not used up the same day. V. Implements for applying the Preparations. The brush used can be a common white-wash or kalsomining brush, or any large flat brushy as the work can be done quicker if the brush is a laroe one ; one of the best brushes is the large flat one used by painters. The steel brushes are similar to those used for cleaning castings ; they are also most useful for many purposes. For tender branches the steel brush may be too hard and a bdss root brush will be found preferable, or for quite delicate for dean^ngtrees^ . after using the work a common rice brush. Poiysoiye i'reparations. Brush for using Polysolve Preparations. 17 — Steel brush No. 4. For the convenience of our customers we are pre- pared to furnish the brushes ilkistrated in this pamphlet. No. 4, 5, 6 aiul 10, each, $0.50 ''7, " 2.00 Bass wood brush No. lo. Steel brush No. 7. (No. 7 is a loiincl steel brush with long handle and very useful for cleaninor big trees.) Steel brush No. 6. VI. Cost of applying Polysolve Preparations on trees. With one pound of Polysolve Preparation, mixed with one to one and a half gallons of water, from iS to 5o trees, according to size, can be treated. The application thus .costing but a few cents per tree and often insurino- the crop of fruit by giving the trees an opportunity to grow and utilize the .sap for leaf, flower, and fruit produc- tion rather than for the feeding of millions of parasites too often found upon them. are sold in square tin Trade cans which bear our Mark. Price per One Pound Can, $1,00, VII. Index to Insects, SCIEXTIFIC XAMES. COMMOX XAMES. PaSfe. Aegeria pyri (Harris) Pear-tree Borer 10 '^ exitosa (Say) Peach-tree Borer 11 Aspnliotus cerasi (Fitcli) Cherry-tree Scale Insect. . . 12 " cydoniae (Comstoek) .... Quince-tree Scale Insect. .. 12 J^«J^idid