Class __UMal Book 31 g Gopyiight^j^. %!=>(> COPYRIGHT DEPOSIT. <^^^CC^2D,^. LIFE OF William Kimbrough Pendleton, lld. President of Bethany College. FREDERICK H- POWER Juvat integros accedere fontes atqtie haurire. -I^ucretius. ST. Louis LIFE OF 'iLLIM KlBROUGH fENDLETON. LL. President of Bethany College. •^ BY / FREDERICK D. POWER , ll"^ Juvat integros accedere fontes atque haurire. — I^ucretius. St. Louis CHRISTIAN PUBIvISHING COMPANY 1902 v> h \\ \ ^^ THt LiBPARY OF ' CONGRESS, Ons Copy Received iViAR. fg 1903 iCLASS a XXa No.i j oopy rJ. I Copyright, 1903, by D. L. PENDLETON, Executor. TO THE OLD STUDENTS OF BETHANY: TO ALL LOVERS OF A NOBLE SOUL, THIS VOLUME IS INSCRIBED. LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS. Full Face of Mr. Pendleto7i . Coat of Arms ...... Cuckoo House ...... University of Virgi?iia , 1S3S Gilboa ........ Wellsburg and Bethany in the 40' s Betha7ty Church and CampbelV s Study Views of the Buffalo ..... Translation from Schiller . . . . Faculty in the 50'' s ..... Pendleton Heights . . . . . The New College Unity Yancey Pendleton . . . . Alexander Campbell ..... Bethany Mansion — The CampbelV s Home Faculty in Later 60' s .... The Preacher-States7na?i . . . . Bethany Tow?i ...... The Corridor ...... Washboard Falls ..... The Tunnels ...... Falls and Swinging Bridge On the Rock Near Uniontown, Pa., Aug. 13, '95, where Campbell P^'^eached Se7mo7i 07i the Law Sept. 3, 1826 .... The Florida Home ..... faci7ig title page facing page 12 " 20 " 30 " 38 •' 58 " 78 " 100 " 112 " 140 " 154 " 180 " 208 " 238 " 256 " 268 " 294 " 330 " 362 " 384 " 412 " 438 450 482 CONTENTS CHAPTER. Foreword I. Ancestry . . II. Early Liee . III. At the University IV. The Turning Point V. Bethany VI. First Things VII. 1 840-1 846 VIII. Vice-President oe the College IX. Ocean Voyage X. Called to be Co-Editor XI. 1848-1851 .... XII. First National Convention XIII. Crescite et Multiplicamini XIV. 1855 .... XV. Ilias Malorum XVI. Alma Mater Redidiva XVII. Storm and Stress XVIII. Inter Fontes Sacros . XIX. Editor oe the Harbinger XX. Pater et Filius . PAGE. 7 13 21 30 39 49 58 68 79 87 TOO 112 128 140 167 181 195 209 229 239 XXI. President of Bethany College 256 CONTENTS XXII. XXIII. XXIV. XXV. XXVI. XXVII. XXVIII. XXIX. XXX. XXXI. XXXII. XXXIII. XXXIV. XXXV. XXXVI. XXXVII. Haec OIvIM Meminissk Juvabit I^AST Days of the Harbinger Good Citizenship State Superintendent of Pub- wc Schools .... Views of Education Again in the Editorial Chair President General Christian Missionary Convention Talks by the Way Associate Editor of the Chris- tian Quarterly A Decade of Financial Strug- gle El Gibbor, Abi Ad, Sar Shalom 412 From the Presidency to the 269 283 295 313 331 348 362 384 396 Farm .... Inter Folia Fructus Among Golden Spheres . The Glow of Autumn's Wes TERiNG Day . Commencement 434 435 468 483 FOREWORD BkST, most instructive, and most fascinating of all studies in the realm of human knowledge is the study of a man. It is a science that embraces all sciences. "The true Shekinah is man," said Chrys- ostom. "In nature God is hid; in man is revealed," said Liddon. "There is but one temple in the world, and that temple is the body of man," said Novalis. "Man is an unutterable mystery of mys- teries," said Carlyle. "Every human being is a volume worthy to be studied," said Channing. «'Each particular man is the short and sad story of mankind, written by his own dear experience," said Quarles. Man is a microcosm. Man is the sum total of all the animals. Man, according to the Scriptures, is "the offspring of God"; the Father of Spirits is his Father. "We are all the work of Thy hand, we are the clay and Thou the potter." "Thy hand hath made me and fashioned me." Made a little lower than the angels; created in the image of God; a being of great dignity, placed at the head of Creation; the handiwork of God, the masterpiece of God, is man. Biography then becomes of immense value. The lives of men, of great and useful men, furnish one of the noblest inheritances of our race. To treasure viii FOREWORD up memorials of the wise, tlie learned, and the vir- tuous is to fulfill an exalted duty to mankind. What a debt the race owes Plutarch! What an obligation we are under to Bos well! How the world grieves over the meager details of Shakespeare's life! What inspiration for millions in the story of Washington or Lincoln or Garfield or Gladstone! What a pillar of fire on the world's horizon is Paul! How the four brief biographies of Jesus have moved the ages! Examples mean more than precepts. The virtu- ous example is virtue animated, alive and in motion, exhibiting all its graces before us. Mathematicians demonstrate their theorems by diagram ; orators back their arguments with inductions; philosophers urge the practice of Socrates or Plato in support of their doctrine; inventors describe models, architects use buildings, artists illustrate with paintings; the an- cient Romans placed the busts of distinguished ancestors in the vestibules of their houses to con- tinually remind them of their noble deeds and move the living members of their households to the imita- tion of their virtues. Life is too often wasted in the study of matters of secondary importance. Two old men, amateur naturalists, who had devoted their whole lives, one to ferns and the other to orchids, traveled together for many hours. At the end of their journey he who had cultivated ferns said to his companion, with a sigh, "I have wasted my life; if I had it to live over again, I should devote it to orchids." He who had cultivated orchids exclaim- ed, *'I have wasted my life; if I had it to live over again, I should devote it to ferns." FOREWORD ix Study men. Among noble characters none is worthier than the one presented in these pages. The writer, with deep sense of the imperfections of this portrait, unveils it. Washington, D. C, 1902. LIFE OF W. K. PENDLETON COAT OP ARMS. LIFE OF WILLIAM KIMBROUGH PENDLETON CHAPTER I ANCESTRY The study of origins has always been a fascinat- ing one. Whether the beginnings of life or of races, of governments or of religions, or of families, it is a matter of profound interest. The making of a man is an extended and marvelous process. When should the education of a child begin? Twenty-five years before he is born, with the training of his mother, we say. But farther back than a quarter of a century are its sources. What biography describes as the influence of parents, biology would speak of as heredity. Garfield used to say, "The product which we call character is the result of two great forces: the initial force which the Creator gave it when he called the man into being, and the force of all the external influences and culture which mould and modify in the development of a life. In contemplating the first of these elements, no power of analysis can exhibit all the latent forces enfolded in the spirit of a new-born child, which derive their origin from the thoughts and deeds of remote ances- tors, and, enveloped in the awful mystery of life, 13 14 LIFE OF W. K. PENDLETON have been transmitted from generation to genera- tion across forgotten centuries. Bach new life is thus the heir of all the ages." Every man has his Sepher-Toledoth, his "Book of Generations." The Bible is an example of the wisdom of preserving such records. The sacred writings contain genealogies extending back thirty- five hundred years. Through more than four thous- and years the genealogy of Christ is deduced from Adam, Matthew giving the line through Joseph, and lyuke through Mary, "Those who do not look upon themselves as a link connecting the past with the future," said Daniel Webster, "do not perform their duty to the world." William Kimbrough Pendleton was the son of Edmund Pendleton and Unity Yancey Kimbrough, and was born in Yanceyville, Louisa County, Vir- ginia, September 8, 1817. Edmund Pendleton, his father, born October 14, 1786, was a son of Henry Pendleton and Alice Ann Winston. The grand- mother of Edmund Pendleton, on the paternal side, was Sarah Madison, a cousin of President Madison, and his grandfather, John Pendleton, a brother of Judge Edmund Pendleton, was presiding magistrate of the county in which he lived, and a member of the Virginia House of Burgesses. On the maternal line, his grandfather was Captain John Winston of the Continental Army, 1778-1781, and Alice Bick- erton. Unity Yancey Kimbrough, born November 28, 1787, was a daughter of Joseph Kimbrough and Elizabeth Yancey. Her father was universally loved, and notably esteemed for his many virtues, and her mother, a gracious woman, was a sister of ANCESTRY iS Colonel Robert Yancey, founder and sole proprietor of Yanceyville. Her ancestors came from Wales, 1642. The name Pendleton signifies tlie summit of the hill: Gaelic, Pendel, summit, and Dun, hill. Pen- dal-ton is the town at the head of the valley. The Pendletons were good English stock. In 1674 there came from Norwich, England, to Virginia, two brothers; Nathaniel Pendleton, a minister of the established church, and Philip, a schoolmaster. The former died without issue, the latter is the ancestor of all the Pendletons. He had three sons and four daughters, and from these came numerous descendants. His eldest son, Henry, married, at the age of eighteen, Mary Taylor, who was but thirteen. Their sous were James, John, Philip, Nathaniel and Edmund, The last was president of the Court of Appeals. These sons all married and left chil- dren, except Edmund, the judge, who was married twice, but left no child. The descendants of the grandchildren of the first Pendleton intermarried with the Taylors, Pollards, Roys, Gaineses, Lewises, Pages, Nelsons, Harts, Richards, Taliaferros, Tur- ners, Shepherds, Carters, Kemps, Palmers, Dand- xidges. Cooks, and now number thousands in Vir- ginia and elsewhere. Edmund Pendleton, born in Caroline County, Virginia, 1721, was a noted patriot, the associate of such men as Peyton Randolph, Pat- rick Henry, Richard Henry Lee, George Washing- ton and Benjamin Harrison. He served as member of the House of Burgesses and of the first Conti- nental Congress, and until his death was judge and president of the Court of Appeals of Virginia. In i6 LIFE OF W. K. PENDLETON his autobiography he says, "Without any classical education, without patrimony, without what is called the influence of family connection, and with- out solicitation, I have attained the highest offices of my country. I have often contemplated it as a rare and extraordinary incident, and pathetically exclaimed, 'Not unto me, not unto me, O Lord, but unto Thy name be the praise!' " He wrote of him- self, in 1 80 1, "I have never had curiosity, or more properly pride, enough, to search the Herald's Office or otherwise inquire into the antiquity of my family in England, though I have always supposed the two brothers who came here were what they called there, of a good family — fallen to decay — since they were well educated, and came, the one as a minister, the other as a schoolmaster; however, I have had pleasure in hearing uniformly that my grandfather and his immediate descendants were very respectable for their piety and moral virtue — the character preserved in the family to a degree scarcely to be expected in one so numerous. My mother was among the best of women, and her fam- ily highly respectable." Judge Pendleton was one of a committee in 1764 to memorialize the King, and declared, in 1766, the Stamp Act was "void, and did not bind the people of Virginia." In company with George Washing- ton, he attended the session of the Continental Con- gress in Philadelphia, 1774. He presided over the Virginia Convention in 1776, and drew up the cele- brated resolutions, instructing the delegates from Virginia to propose a declaration of independence in Congress, using the words incorporated almost ver- ANCESTRY 17 batim in the Declaration, 'Hhat the delegation be instructed to propose to declare the United Colonies free and independent states, absolved from all alle- giance or dependence upon the crown or Parliament of Great Britain." He was made Speaker of the House on the organization of the State Government, and was appointed with Thomas Jefferson and George Wythe to revise the Colonial Laws, and on the establishment of the Court of Appeals, 1779, he became President and held that office till his death. He presided also over the state convention that rati- fied the Constitution of the United States. "Taken all in all," said Jefferson, "he was the ablest man in debate I ever met with," and Washington Irving said of him, "He was schooled in public life, a vet- eran in council, with native force of intellect, and habits of deep reflection." William Wirt said of Edmund Pendleton: "He had in a great measure overcome the disadvantages of an extremely defective education, and by force of good compan}/' and. the study of correct. authors, had attained to great accuracy and perspicuity of style. His manners were elevated, graceful and insinuat- ing. His person was spare, but well proportioned, and his countenance one of the finest in the world; serene, contemplative, benignant; with that expres- sion of unclouded intelligence and extensive reach which seemed to denote him capable of anything that could be effected by the powers of the human mind. His mind itself was of a very fine order. It was clear, comprehensive, sagacious and correct; with a most acute and subtle faculty of discrimina- tion; a fertility of expedient which never could be i8 LIFE OF W. K. PENDLETON exhausted; a dexterity of address which never lost an advantage and never gave one ; and a capacity for continued and unremitting application which was perfectly invincible. As a lawyer and a statesman he had few equals, and no superiors. For parlia- mentary management, he was without a rival. With all these advantages of person, manners, address and intellect, he was also a speaker of distinguished emi- nence. He had that silver voice of which Cicero makes such frequent and honorable mention; an articulation uncommonly distinct; a perennial stream of transparent, cool and sweet elocution; and the power of presenting his arguments with great sim- plicity and striking effect. He was always grace- ful, argumentative, persuasive; never vehement, rapid or abrupt. He could instruct and delight; but he had no pretentions to those high powers which are calculated 'to shake the human soul.' " Hugh Blair Grigsby, in an account of the Conven- tion of 1776, in vy^hich were assembled such men as Thomas Jefferson, Patrick Henry, George Wythe, Richard Henry Lee, George Mason, James Madison, Thomas Nelson and many of their illustrious com- peers, writes of Pendleton as being "in an intellect- ual point of view, one of the accomplished speakers in the House." "Nor were his physical at all in- ferior to his intellectual powers," continues this v/riter. "He was fully six feet in height, and was in the vigor of life, having reached his fifty-fifth year. His face was so comely as to have won for its possessor the reputation of being the handsomest man in the Colony; his noble form, lithe and grace- ful in all its movements, his manners polished by ANCESTRY 19 all the intercourse of a quarterof a century with the most refined circle of the metropolis and the Colony ; his voice clear and ringing, so that its lowest note was distinctly heard throughout the hall; and a self- possession so supreme as to sustain him in the fiercest collisions of debate as if in a state of repose." It is remarkable in how many particulars these descriptions would fit the President of Bethany Col- lege. Of him we may well say, Decori dectts addit avito. Beginning life in poverty. Judge Pendleton ac- quired a large property, and built a handsome house, Edmundsbury, Caroline County, Va., where he lived during his short intervals of leisure, and where his widow resided for many years. Henry Pendleton, his nephew, in 181 8, built the home in Louisa Coun- ty known as Cuckoo. Colonel Edmund Pendleton, the father of W. K. Pendleton, who, under the old county court system, then in vogue, was presiding justice in the county court of Louisa,™ a place of no small honor in those good old conservative days, — was widely known in his county and far beyond it. His striking characteristics, still well remembered, were a clear head and an inborn judicial mind, with an individuality peculiarly his own, a strong and in- flexible will, and a large measure of plain, common sense, most essential requisites in one called to dis- pense justice. Unity Yancey Kimbrough, mother of W. K. Pendleton, was a woman of culture and refinement, noted for her great amiability, gentle- ness and pre-eminent piety. While their son Wil- liam was an infant, they removed from Yancey ville to the home built by his great-grandfather, Henry 20 LIFE OF W. K. PENDLETON Pendleton. Here, amid scenes of unusual rural beauty and social surroundings of exceptional culture and refinement and moral and religious tone, the subject of our memoir spent his childhood. CHAPTER II EARLY LIFE The year 1817 was an interesting one in the his- tory of the United States. James Monroe, the fifth president, came to the White House. It was two years after Waterloo. The lighting of cities by gas had just been introduced into the United States in the City of Baltimore, Md. Two years must elapse before the first trip across the Atlantic was made by steamer. New York City had then only one hun- dred and fifteen thousand people, and it required but the modest sum of twenty millions a year to meet all expenses of the Government, It was the "Era of Good Feeling," when a lull came after the storm of war with the Mother Country, and the land settled down to vocations of peace, with revived commerce, specie payments, and vast extensions of territory. Mississippi, the twentieth state, was ad- mitted to the Union that year, and soon after Illi- nois, then Florida was purchased, then Alabama and Maine came in, and later Missouri. John Quincy Adams was Secretary of State, John C. Calhoun, Secretary of War, and William Wirt, Attorney-Gen- eral. It is the administration that witnessed the war with the Seminole Indians,, the visit of La Fayette, and the awakening of the controversy over the rival economical policies of protection and free trade, and the enunciation of the Monroe Doctrine, or the assertion of national guardianship by the 21 22 LIFE OF W. K. PENDLET ON United States over the New World, and of freedom from entangling alliances with the Old World. A study of social and religious conditions in Vir- ginia at this time is full of interest. The people lived well, were moderately industrious and enter- prising, had their amusements and festivities, and political and local gossip during the week, and went religiously to church on Sunday, were quite content without daily newspapers, railroads, telegraph and electric lights, wireless telegraphy and the automo- bile, made history, served their generation, and got, if anything, more solid comfort out of life than their more favored descendants of the twentieth century. John Esten Cooke in his History of Virginia, speak- ing of the amusements of the period, 1737, tells how in "the old field near Captain Bickerton's, in Hanover, there are to be grand diversions. First, a horse race, a hat to be cudgeled for, twenty fiddlers to contend for a new fiddle— all to play together, and each a different tune, twelve boys to run one hundred and twelve yards for a hat worth twelve shillings, a pair of silver buckles to be wrestled for, the prettiest girl on the ground to have a pair of handsome silk stockings of one pistole's value; and all this mirth is designed to be purely innocent." This Captain Bickerton was the great, great- grandfather of W. K. Pendleton, and his descend- ants in the adjoining county a hundred years later seem to have amused themselves in much the same way. There used to be a saying that you could tell a Pendleton "because he had blue eyes, was fond of coffee, and played a fiddle." W. K. Pendleton's father was a colonel of militia, and their EARLY LIFE 23 annual grand musters were occasions of great festiv- ity. Old people can still point out tlie site of the cockpit, and the dancing master was one of the in- stitutions of the county. He went from neighbor- hood to neighborhood, and from house to house, and one of the young Pendletons, now known and be- loved in all that region as "Dr. Phil," was so pro- ficient in the art of tripping the light fantastic toe that this functionary would send for him from quite a distance to exhibit his grace and skill at the soirees he gave. Another of the Pendletons, how- ever, was so far behind in this accomplishment that he habitually danced with a barrel hoop around his legs to correct a tendency to bow-leggedness. Fox hunting was a favorite sport with the gentry of this early time. Great hunts were organized at Cuckoo as a center, when a pack of twenty to forty hounds were gathered, and a score or more of horsemen, and start made before daylight in search of Reynard. W. K. Pendleton used to tell of these festive occasions, and how he begged at one time so hard to be al- lowed to go with the huntsmen that his mother con- sented and entrusted him to a neighbor, behind whom he rode all through the hunt, and was *4n at the death." He recalled just where the fox was caught, and went over the place in one of his last visits to the old home to verify his recollection. In that same neighborhood and in the same homes, the same families now regard a protracted meeting as the most enjoyable occasion of the year. Louisa County, formed from Hanover, 1742, first sent Patrick Henry as a delegate to the Virginia Plouse of Burgesses in 1765, and again elected him 24 LIFE OF W. K. PENDLETON in 1776 and 1777. Tarleton with His cavalry passed through the county in 1781 on his expedition into Albemarle; and when LaFayette had united with Wayne at Raccoon Ford on the Rapid Ann and turned to pursue the British general, he made a forced and rapid march across the county, the road Y/hich he opened for the purpose being long known as the ^'Marquis's Road." In May of that year, when Cornwallis invaded Virginia, the Legislature adjourned from Richmond to Charlottesville. Tarle- ton followed them in June with two hundred and fifty cavalry, having orders to surprise the General Assembly, and seize Jefferson, who v/as then Governor of the State. Having learned Tarleton's object, by means of a fleet horse and a nearer road a young American trooper named Jouett vvas able to give two hours' notice of his approach. All the members of the Assembly, but seven, effected their escape, and reassembled in Staunton, forty miles away. Jeffer- son got the news of Tarleton's coming about sun- rise, had Mrs. Jefferson and their three children hur- ried off in a carriage, and he followed on horseback, and had not left the house ten minutes before Tarle- ton entered it. Tarleton took possession of Char- lottesville on the fourth of June, and on the next day joined Lord Cornwallis. The Cuckoo House occupied the site of a former inn or "ordinary," where, as the story goes, some of Tarleton's men were drinking when Jouett over- heard their plans to ride to Charlottesville and cap- ture the Governor and the Legislature. He made a rapid ride through the country and warned Jefferson and the Legislature in time to break up hastily and EARLY LIFE 25 take to the woods. Out of tlie associations of a tav- ern of the olden time, the Cuckoo House became a center of Christian influence that has been felt far and wide, and from the traditions of a cross-roads settlement where the people gathered for militia musters, fox hunts, and other gay festivities, a quiet village has been evolved, noted for the culture and the elevated religious spirit of its people. The educational system of Virginia at this time was limited for the most part to the "Old Field" school and the classical academy. In most of the strict- ly rural districts of Virginia, the school houses were rude structures built of pine poles, with benches made of a single plank and without backs, and here, from sun to sun, the scholars, many of them very small, were required to sit and pore over hard les- sons in close study, rather in dose confinement, nine or ten hours a day, for five days in the v/eek, and nine months in the year; and it hardly seems strange that on cloudy mornings it was the practice of many a small boy or girl to pray earnestly for a rainy day, that the holidays for one week at Christmas were welcomed with great hilarity, and that the pent-up mischief and suppressed play of these little ones should break out in the practical jokes they played on each other and on the teacher in the way of stick- ing pins in a boy at close study and close range, placing bent pins, at recess and on the sly, in the seat of the teacher, or cutting dexterously his long switch— long enough to reach any boy without ris- ing — half in two in many places, to make sure of its breaking at the first vigorous application. Flogging was a remedy applied on all occasions 26 LIFE OF W. K. PENDLETON and for all offenses. It was, like the doctor's pre- scription, "To be well shaken and then taken, in- ternally, externally and eternally," One trained under one of these old-time teachers who had pre- sided over the young idea shooting of three genera- tions, declared, when a man of sixty years of age, that he never met the old schoolmaster without feeling the stroke of the birch come over him afresh. It was a never-to-be-forgotten sensation. It was the custom in these primitive schools for the teacher, on the first day of the school session, to post conspicu- ously his Rules and Regulations, forbidding any laughing, talking, whispering, etc. , in school time, and requiring close study and good lessons on the part of all, and for flagrant infraction of these rules, flogging would be the penalty, not so cruelly laid on perhaps, but not wholly unlike that of the Irish schoolmaster of the old song: " Old Teddy O'Rooke kept a bit of a school, At a place called Flaherty, where he made it a rule, If the mind didn't mark, faith, he'd soon mark the back. And give them their own with a terrible crack." At the age of thirteen, W. K. Pendleton and a younger brother were entered in the school of Jere- miah C. Harris, the prince of pedagogues, who had at all times an unlimited supply of big words, and rather gloried in his pedantry. He was a man famous in his day as a teacher of English, who, while not a professional lecturer, did a vast deal of talking by way of explanation and beating English into the heads of his classes. He was fond of argu- ing, and when apparently driven to the wall in an EARLY LIFE 27 argument, like Dr. Goldsmith's Village School- master, " He could argue still While words of learned length and thundering sound Amazed the gazing rustics ranged around; And still they gazed and still the wonder grew That one small head could carry all he knew." It is worthy of mention that this faithful old schoolmaster, who was at all times reverent and de- vout, during the prevalence of a thunderstorm was ever ready to gather all his school around him and set them all to singing some old familiar hymn, such as the good old song of praise, more sung then than now — " God moves in a mysterious v/ay, His wonders to perform; He plants his footsteps on the sea, And rides upon the storm." It was in his first session under Jeremiah Harris that W. K. Pendleton, a boy proverbially gentle, genial and full of innocent fun, but who, it is fair to say, would stand up for his rights when forced to do so. was insulted by a boy taller than himself, and re- sented the insult by a good blow quickly struck at his antagonist, and, a fight ensuing, the two com- batants v/ere parted by the bigger boys. On the next morning it so happened that the Pendleton boy brought to school, concealed in his pocket, a very rusty old flintlock pistol with a small package of powder, and had two of the boys to load the pis- tol, saying he knew the boy who had insulted him was a coward, and he wanted to see him run. The pistol was loaded by the boys, and at recess all the 28 LIFE OF W. K. PENDLETON school was invited into the woods to play, when the quarrel was renewed, and the pistol fired over the head of the offending youth. Immediately he took to his heels, outrunning all the other boys, and cry- ing as he ran, "I am shot! I am shot!" He fell into the arms of the teacher, still crying, "I am shot!" "Where are you shot? where are you shot, my son?" exclaimed the teacher. But just then one of the boys who had loaded the pistol came up, and, an- swering the teacher's question, said, "He is not shot at all. William Pendleton put nothing in his old flintlock but pov/der, and that was fired over his head, as Pendleton said he only wanted to see him run, and he did run like the patter-rollers were after him." With this explanation the teacher seemed satisfied, but the next morning in large display let- ters on his bulletin board was posted this addendum to his rules and regulations: '■'■All the boys are posi- tively forbidden from bringing firearms to this school. ' ' Colonel Pendleton told his boys if he ever knew of their taking an insult from a bigger boy, he would himself give them a flogging when they came home. Few days passed, Mr. Pendleton said, in which he did not have at least one fight, but this was generally provoked by the conduct of some other boy toward another and smaller one, rarely on his own account. He was naturally of a quick tem- per, but as he grew older he controlled it. Phre- nologists gave combativeness as the largest bump on his head, yet his life was one of peace-loving and peace-making, only he fought tirelessly with tongue and pen when wrong or error was to be combated. EARLY LIFE 29 At the end of the second session under Harris, young Pendleton passed all his examinations and was awarded by his faithful instructor a certificate of highest merit in all his studies, especially in English. From this school he passed to the classic- al academy of W. G. Nelson, the famous teacher of lyatin and Greek. After several sessions here, he entered the school of David Richardson, a thorough teacher of mathematics and astronomy, famous for fifty years as the author of Richardson's almanac — known and read of all men throughout Virginia and North Carolina, and extolled by many an old farmer for *'its remarkable forecasts of the weather." From the Richardson school young Pendleton passed to the University of Virginia, where he entered upon the full academic course. CHAPTER III AT THE UNIVERSITY The University of Virginia is an old institution, beautiful for situation, placid, solid, evangelical and thorough in culture. It has been noted, since its establishment, for the excellent learning of its in- structors and the high character of its students. It has given to the Senate and House of Representa- tives a greater number of graduates than Yale and Harvard combined, owing to the large patronage of the institution by Southern men. It has proven an inspired Castalian fountain, worthy of the name of its great founder. Thomas Jefferson has not received the credit due him for his interest in the religious tone of the uni- versity. In his scheme submitted to the State Leg- islature in 1818, relative to its founding, he pro- posed that there should be left on the grounds room for a building to be erected for "religious worship," and on another occasion he wished to have two rooms in the main building set apart for this pur- pose. The motto of the university may be read in Greek on the front of one of its stateliest buildings: "You shall know the truth and the truth shall make you free." Nothing is more interesting than the story of this famous school. As early as 1779, Jefferson sought to incorporate into the legal code of the infant state a general system of education, satisfying the needs 30 AT THE UNIVERSITY 31 of all classes of the community. The plan contem- plated three orders of seminaries: elementary schools maintained at public charge and free to all ; general schools corresponding to academies and colleges, supported chiefly by the fees of pupils and de- signed to embrace a course of general instruction in languages, natural sciences and philosophy; and the university, in which should be taught, in the highest degree, every branch of knowledge. The general division of subjects for university instruction was as follows: the Fine Arts, Applied Science, Law and Theology, the last to be taught so far, and so far only, as it might not tend to sectarianism. On Mr. Jefferson's retirement from the presidency in 1809, he set his plan in operation. In 181 8 the State decided to appropriate fifteen thousand dollars a year to endow and support the University. It was organized by Jefferson with a "rector and visitors," having power to appoint professors, prescribe their duties and regulate the government and discipline of students. There is no president, but a Chairman of the Faculty, chosen annually, thus making each professor a constituent element in the governing body, with his share of influence in shaping its pol- icy and fortunes. The professors were paid one thousand dollars each by salary, and in part by fees of tuition. At present, each receives the modest sum of three thousand and a house. The University is really a collection of schools, each with one or more instructors devoted to a special subject, but under a common government; organized with eight, it now has nineteen: twelve academic and seven professional. Students attend 32 LIFE OF W. K. PENDLETON as many as they see fit, no one being allowed to take less than three. There is no theological de- partment. This omission was not prompted by hos- tility to religion, as has been thought, but was made necessary by the policy of the commonwealth to divorce the state from the church, and embodied in the act of 1785, "Establishing Religious Freedom." Not insensible to the Christian sentiment of Vir- ginia, however, Mr. Jefferson procured an enactment declaring that if any religious denomination should establish its theological seminary near the Univer- sity, its students should be admitted upon the same terms as its own pupils. Jefferson died July 4th, 1826, the year the University opened 5 exactly half a century after signing the Declaration of Independ- ence. Adams passed away the same day, just after Jefferson, and as he breathed his last, exclaimed, *' Thomas Jefferson still lives!" Dr. Robley Dungli- son, one of the first professors of the University, and afterward a celebrated medical author and pro- fessor in Jefferson Medical College in Philadelphia, was Jefferson's physician, and describes his last moments. He evidently wished to die on the anni- versary of the Nation's birth. "In the course of the day and night of the second of July he was afflicted with stupor, with intervals of wakefulness and consciousness, but on the third the stupor be- came almost permanent. About seven o'clock in the evening of that day he awoke, and seeing me standing at his bedside, exclaimed, 'Ah, Doctor, are you still there?' in a voice, however, that was husky and indistinct. He then asked, 'Is it the Fourth?' to which I replied, 'It soon will be.' Those were AT THE UNIVERSITY 33 the last words I heard him utter. He died at 12:50 p. M. July 4th5 having remained all that day uncon- scious." It will be impossible to estimate the work of this famous seat of learning or mention the illustrious names of its teachers and students. Its first rectors were Thomas Jefferson and James Madison, and its most famous alumnus Edgar A. Poe, Its alumni are numbered by thousands, its literature has been rich and abundant, its influence reaches everywhere. It has rendered its great service to mankind on a slight foundation, so far as money is concerned, having re- ceived less than one million in gifts. The Univer- sity presents a scene of idyllic beauty. Here is the noble quadrangle with its one-story dormitories and continuous pillared arcades like the cloisters of a monastery, broken here and there by professors' dwellings, and with the stately Pantheon or rotunda at the end. Below is the town of Charlottesville, and beyond, Monticello, where rests the illustrious statesman. Far away stretches the Rapid Ann, where there is good angling for the patient knights of the rod, and where every bend and bridge and ford tells of historic scenes of the Civil War. On every side are the blue hills in whose coves grow the famous pippins Vv^hich alone grace the tables of Windsor Castle, and fertile fields and gardens. And here is a society, hospitable, refined and charming, such as the Old Dominion can so well furnish. In such an atmosphere, among such scenes and tradi- tions, young Pendleton found his fine tastes and noble ambitions fully met. He entered the University for the session of 1836- 3 34 LIFE OF W. K. PENDLETON 1837, and that session studied ancient languages under Dr. Gessner Harrison, mathematics under Prof. Charles Bonnycastle, and natural philosophy under Dr. William Rodgers. During the session of 1837-8, he had ancient languages and mathematics again, and law under Prof. J. A. G. Davis. In 1838-9 he studied law only. Chapman Johnson was rector of the Board of Vis- itors during these years, and the chairman of the faculty was Prof. J. A. G. Davis for the first session and Dr. Gessner Harrison for the other two. In view of Mr. Pendleton's subsequent career it is inter- esting to note that the chaplains during his stay here were Reverend Septimus Tustin, Presbyterian, afterwards chaplain of the United States Senate; Reverend B. P. B. Wilmer, afterward Bishop of Louisiana, and Reverend Daniel S. Doggett, after- ward Bishop in the M. B. Church South. The chaplains were chosen in turn at that time from the four leading denominations, the Episcopal, Method- ist, Baptist and Presbyterian. Alexander Campbell, on his first visit to Charlottesville, speaking of this regulation, says: "A new sort of quadrangular ortho- doxy got into the institution. The chaplain must belong to some one of the four angles of a parallelo- gram. He must be an Episcopalian, Presbyterian, Methodist or Baptist. There are but four ways to Heaven from the University of Virginia," and he wants to know, "By what chapter and verse of the Book of Kings, or by what statute of the Common- wealth of Virginia, or by what suggestion of Thomas Jefferson are the four elect sects placed over the AT THE UNIVERSITY 35 religious and moral culture of all tlie Virginia youth who frequent the state institution?" There were two hundred and sixty-five students in the University the year Mr. Pendleton entered. Among the Board of Visitors were James M. Mason, William C, Rives, Thomas Jefferson Randolph, Joseph C. Cabell, and other prominent Virginians. Among the faculty, in addition to those named, were such well remembered instructors as George V/. Blaetterman, who filled the chair of Modern Languages, John P. Emmet, Professor of Chemistry, Alfred T. Magill, Professor of Medicine, and George Tucker, Professor of Moral Philosophy. The list of his fellow-students shows many names of men after- ward prominent in the church, in the state, in the department of education, in the army and navy, and other fields of service. Such men as John B. Bald- win, Speaker of the Virginia House of Delegates, John Critcher, Member of Congress, Lafayette McLaws, Major-General C. S. A., Alexander Walker, Author and Journalist, Thomas H. Watts, Attorney- General in Jefferson Davis' Cabinet and Governor of Alabama, Carnot Posey, Brigadier-General, C. S. A., William M. Merrick, United States Judge, M. C, and Associate Justice of the Supreme Court, D. C, and others of equal eminence. The method of teaching then, as now, was by text books and lectures, with rigid examinations. The courses in the schools of Ancient Languages, Mathematics, Natural Philosophy and Law were exceedingly thorough, and the teachers in those schools were the most eminent men in the Univer- sity. There were three honorary distinctions con- 36 LIFE OF W. K. PENDLETON ferred by the institution: a Certificate of Profi- ciency, that of Graduate in any School, and that of Master of Arts in the University of Virginia. No particular period of study was prescribed for the acquisition of these honors. The student obtained them whenever he could undergo the severe exami- nations to which the candidates for them were sub- jected. The total expenses of a student were two hundred and thirty-eight dollars, exclusive of "books and stationery, clothing and pocket money." Among the items of expense was twenty dollars "on account of fuel and candles, and ten dollars to cover contingent charges and assessments against him for injuries to buildings, etc." Clothing is estimated at a sum hot exceeding one hundred dollars during the session, and pocket money, forty dollars. Students were required "to wear the uniform prescribed by the enactments, consisting of cloth of a dark gray mixture at a price not exceeding six dollars a yard." Little is recorded of this formative period in the life of Mr. Pendleton. The entry on the Matricula- tion Book reads: "William K. Pendleton, Septem- ber 8, 1817 — Colonel Edmund Pendleton — Cuckoo- ville, Louisa County, Va. ' ' He does not seem to have been an enthusiast in pure mathematics. He passed with distinction in natural philosoph)/, and must have had great delight in the brilliant lectures of Dr. Rodgers in that department. It is doubtful if to the law he gave his whole interest. Those familiar with his teaching and accomplishments in later life would naturally draw this inference. One of his chums at the University was Johnson' Barbour, only son of ex-Governor James Barbour, AT THE UNIVERSITY 37 and nephew of Philip Pendleton Barbour, Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States. While there, v/ith young Barbour, Shelton F. Leake, of Charlottesville, afterward a famous lawyer and mem- ber of Congress, John Goss, brother of James W. Goss, and others, he assisted in the organization of one of the debating societies of the University. Goss and Pendleton were warm friends. The first time the latter tried to speak, he was so frightened that he lost all command of his faculties and made a melancholy failure. Mr. Goss, following him, took the opportunity to ridicule him mercilessly. This made him so indignantly angry that he forgot every- thing else, and in his rejoinder made his argument without hesitation, with clear, telling force, and won for his side of the discussion. As soon as the meeting adjourned, he went to Mr. Goss, and in the name of their friendship began to upbraid him bit- terly for his unkind personalities. '*Why," said the latter, * 'don't you understand now? I saw that you were going to make a complete failure, if I could not make you forget yourself, and I knew that to arouse your indignation would be the sure way to do this." In his choice of a profession, Mr. Pendleton de- parted from the recognized family calling. There were four brothers; tv/o of them entered the law and two the medical profession. How the lawyers exer- cised the necessary self-control not to become doc- tors has ever been a problem, as the most pro- nounced predilection toward medicine runs in the family. During the Civil War a Federal officer overtook a lonely horseman, who excused himself 38 LIFE OF W. K. PENDLETON from arrest on tlie ground that he was a Dr. Pendle- ton going his rounds. The officer asked, "Well, what Dr. Pendleton are you? — Dr. William, Dr. Joe, Dr. Matt., Dr. Lewis, Dr. John, or Dr. Edmund?" There ^were seven of the name practicing the art of healing. Prepared by thorough study and mastery of the principles of the highest of the sciences for active v*^ork, Mr. Pendleton went back to his old home in Louisa County, and in 1840 was formally admitted to the bar, under a license granted on a searching and protracted examination by three of Virginia's most eminent judges. CHAPTER IV THE TURNING POINT About the year 1834, Colonel Edmund Pendleton and Ms wife, Mrs. Unity Yancey Pendleton, who had been religiously trained in the Episcopal faith but had become interested in the early writings of Alexander Campbell, were so seriously impressed with the simplicity of the gospel as expounded by him, that both gladly received the v/ord, and on a confession of their faith were duly baptized. Dr. Madison Pendleton, their oldest son, and his wife, Mrs. Elizabeth Barret Pendleton, having a short while before, on a like confession, received baptism — these, with a few others, enrolled as charter mem- bers of the Christian Church, worshiping at the old Gilboa Meeting House, near Cuckoo. It was at the house of Colonel Pendleton that President Madison passed his well known judgment upon Alexander Campbell. Mr. Campbell was a member of the Virginia Constitutional Convention of 1829, ^ body of famous Virginians, numbering among its members James Madison and James Monroe, ex-presidents of the United States, Chief Justice Marshall, John Randolph of Roanoke, Philip Dodridge, Littleton W. Tazewell, Judge Abel P. Upshur, Chapman Johnson, Benjamin Watkins Leigh and Philip P. Barbour. Mr. Campbell served on the Committee on Judiciary, and took an active part in the debates. As ex-President Madison was returning to his home at Montpelier, he stopped the 39 40 LIFE OF W. K. PENDLETON first night with his relative, Col. Pendleton. Early the next morning, as they were walking on the porch of the Cuckoo House, Col. Pendleton asked his distinguished guest what he thought of Alexan- der Campbell. Mr. Madison, in reply, spoke in very high terms of the ability shown by him in the convention. *'But," said he, *'it is as a theologian- that Mr. Campbell must be known. It was my pleasure to hear him very often as a preacher of the gospel, and I regard him as the ablest and most original expounder of the Scriptures I have ever heard." The distinguished and delightfully reminis- cent octogenarian who now presides at the historic Cuckoo House, youngest brother of Bethany's late president, recalls vividly the appearance of Mr. Madison on that visit, *' wearing all the time a close- fitting black silk skull cap for rheumatism of the scalp," as he said. He also remembers a similar visit from Henry Clay, passing in a stage coacb from Washington City, who dined with his father — "a most entertaining talker, his most conspicuous feature being a very big, limber and expansive mouth." Uriah Higgason and James Bagby were the early preachers in the County of lyouisa. In the Millen- nial Harbinger for 1837, is a testimonial under date May 14th, commending "Uriah Higgason and Wil- liam B. Sims and their amiable families," removed to the State of Missouri. Of the former it is said, ' 'As a teacher of the Christian religion and a pro- claimer of the ancient gospel, he has labored amongst us for many years with great ability and unflinching firmness and with considerable success, considering the unparalleled prejudice and unrelent- THE TURNING POINT 41 ing opposition lie had to encounter. ' ' Mr. Sims was a deacon in the Gilboa Church who had borne him- self "with so much propriety as to have purchased for himself an excellent degree and great boldness in the faith which is in Christ Jesus." This state- ment is made from *' Mount Gilboa, Louisa County,' and signed by Madison Pendleton, Peter S. Barret William D. Hunter, Francis Johnson, Thomas G Noel, Richard Sims, Joseph Sims, Joseph Coates Jr., Nelson Walton, Andrew G. Walton and E Pendleton. In Tune, iSzto, Alexander Campbell attended a general meeting of churches which convened at Charlottesville. Fifty-six congregations were rep- resented. It was on this occasion the distinguished reformer addressed the Charlottesville Lyceum, and also the Jeffersonian Society of the University of Virginia. During these tours in the State, Mr. Campbell's daughter, Lavinia, sometimes accompan- ied him, and the meeting of W. K. Pendleton and Lavinia Campbell was the turning point in the young lawyer's career. In October, 1840, they were married. The same year Bethany College was pro- jected, and Mr. Pendleton became its first Professor of Natural Philosophy in 1841. The charter of the new institution was procured by John C. Campbell from the Virginia Legislature in the winter of 1840, erecting and establishing "at or near Bethany, in the County of Brooke, in this Commonwealth, a seminary of learning for the in- struction of youth in the various branches of science and literature, the useful arts, agriculture, and the learned and foreign languages." The trustees ap- 42 LIFE OF W. K. PENDLETON pointed by this act were Alexander Campbell, Albert G. Ewing, Samuel Church, Henry Langly, James T. McVey, Robert Y. Henley, Samuel Grafton, Wil- liam Stewart, Josiah Crumbacker, Adamson Bentley, Robert Nicholls, Campbell Tarr, Matthew McKeev- er, John Andrews, Robert H, Forrester, Thomas Campbell, Robert Richardson and John C. Camp- bell. The first subscription — $i,ooo — was from Philip B. Pendleton, of Virginia. The trustees held their first meeting at Bethany, Monday, May ii, 1840. Thomas Campbell was called to the chair, and W. F. M. Arny was chosen Secretary of the Board. Alexander Campbell was appointed Treasurer of Bethany College, and a building committee consisting of William Stewart, Robert Richardson, Matthew McKeever and Alex- ander Campbell was selected. The next meeting v/as on Friday, September 18, when Alexander Campbell presented a bond for a deed of ten acres of land for the use and benefit of Bethany College. The building committee was authorized to erect such buildings as they deemed necessary, and the board proceeded to the election of the President of the College. Alexander Campbell was unanimously chosen, and on his motion the following additional trustees were appointed: Reuben L. Coleman, J. Johnson, Buckner H. Payne, Henry Ewing, Joseph W. Clay, William Dabney, Charles Somner and I<. A. Sandidge. Monday, May loth, 1841, the Board of Trustees convened in their second annual meeting. Subscrip- tions toward the new college were reported aggre- gating 111,045, of which $1,405 was cash. At this THE TURNING POINT 43 meeting the President nominated four professors as necessary to the commencement of the institution — one for Ancient Languages, one for Mathematics, and two for Sciences. Two of these are named as Robert Richardson, M. D., and W. K. Pendleton, Esq., a graduate of the University of Virginia, for the departments of the Physical Sciences. The other teachers were Charles Stewart and Andrew F. Ross, who were appointed to the chairs of Ancient Languages and Mathematics. It was resolved to open the College the 21st of October, at which time the Stevv^ard's Inn would be ready for the occupancy of students. E4wiu W. Bakewell was appointed steward, and it was resolved unanimously "that the boarding, lodging, washing and tuition of a student at Bethany College shall be one hundred and fifty dollars for the collegiate year from September i to July 4, year by year"; and that the "bill of fare for the Steward's Inn shall be the same as that of the University of Virginia." It will be noted that the washing of a student was among the items of ex- pense. In a catalogue of one of the most promi- nent universities in the country, in recent years, the President reported as one of the virtues of its stu- dents "their invisibility on the streets." In setting forth the prospects of the new college, Mr. Campbell says: "Testimonials of a very fair moral reputation in all students over ten years old are required. Doubtless none will incur the expense and mortification of having their sons or wards sent home to them because of insubordination to the necessary moral and prudential restraint of an insti- tution in which all things are to be subject to the 44 LIFE OF W. K. PENDLETON supremacy of morality and social virtues. The cast of this literary and moral institution is of no ordinary dimensions. It comprehends in its designs, Preparatory and Elementary Schools for lads from seven to fourteen years old; an Academy of Arts and Sciences for lads from fourteen and upward -who are prepared for it, designed for agriculturists, mechanics, manufacturers and merchants whose education, besides what is elementary, ought to be much more scientific and extensive than is usually allowed; a college proper for a very liberal educa- tion, both literary and scientific; and a Normal School for the training and accomplishing of teach- ers for the various departments of both popular and liberal education. These four departments are all indispensable to the present wants of society. In each and all of them, physical and moral education must keep pace with the intellectual, and no young gentleman be allowed to devote all his energies to the mere improvement of intellect, at the expense or hazard of his moral and physical constitution. These too-much-neglected departments in many schools and colleges must have a real and manifest conspicuity in this establishment." He speaks of the excellent location, asks for one hundred thou- sand dollars "for buildings, library, apparatus, en- dowment and everything else," and guarantees for that sum accommodations for five hundred students and more. He wonders at the tardiness and hesi- tancy with which many persons approach to aid such an undertaking, persons of ample means. "Simpleton that I was, I expected some hundred or two sons of consolation, real philanthropists, to step THE TURNING POINT 45 forward and subscribe each his one thousand dollars and say, 'Go on with this great system of human improvement, and if this is not enough, call on us again. We will not suffer a few individuals to do all; nor a scheme fraught with so much promise to fail ; nor v/ill we send you to the poor to raise means to educate and ameliorate the condition of the rich.' I say, friends, countrymen, philanthropists, send us your names, your donations, your subscriptions." In August Mr. Campbell announced that the pro- fessors appointed at the last meeting of the Board of Trustees had all accepted the chairs allotted them, and that the Faculty of Bethany College consisted of the following: "Mr. A. F. Ross, late Professor of New Athens College, Ohio, Professor of Ancient I^anguages and Ancient History; Mr. Charles Stew- art, of Kentucky, Professor of Algebra and General Mathematics; Dr. Robert Richardson, Professor of Chemistry, Geology and the kindred sciences; Mr. W. K. Pendleton, of the University of Virginia, Pro- fessor of Natural Philosophy and such of the natural sciences that come not in the course of Dr. R. Rich- ardson. Besides a general superintendency of the institution, to the President there will be assigned Mental Philosophy, Evidences of Christianity, Moral and Political Economy." A Professor of English Literature, to whom should be assigned Gram- mar, Logic, Rhetoric, Elements of Criticism, etc., was yet to be appointed, and such tutors as the exi- gencies of the institution might require. He speaks of the Faculty as mostly young men under thirty years of age, of highly respectable attainments, of much force of character, of exemplary morals and of 46 LIFE OF W. K. PENDLETON ardent devotion to science, literature and the ad- vancement of education, and states that they will deliver their introductory lectures on the second and third days of November, when the institution, fully organized, will commence its operations. In outlining his plans for "a new institution,'* October i8, 1839, the President calls it "a literary, moral and religious school, or the union of four in- stitutions in one — the combination of the family, the primary school, the college, and the church in one great system of education." "In the establish- ment and supervision of it," he says, "it is proba- ble, if the Lord will, I shall close all my earthly projects. In the first place, the location must be entirely rural — in the country, detached from all external society, not convenient to any town or place of rendezvous — in the midst of forests, fields and gardens — salubrious air, pure water — diversified scenery, of hills and valleys, limpid brooks and meandering streams of rapid flowing water. Such is the spot which I have selected. The buildings essential to the completion of this institution are the steward's inn and dormitories, the family house, three mansions for professors, primary school rooms, college proper and the church edifice. The stew- ard's inn is designed for the boarding and lodging of the students in attendance not members of the fam- ily house, and for the entertainment of visitors and strangers. The family house is designed for a model family in which children from seven to fourteen shall be admitted and constituted into a family, under an experienced and competent paternal and maternal government of the highest moral excel- THE TURNING POINT 47 lence. The professors' houses would be private dwellings. The primary school rooms would be de- tached from the college proper, and arranged with a reference to the classes through which children from seven to fourteen would necessarily pass as prepara- tory to a college or church course. The college proper would not materially differ from similar insti- tutions, being a collection of rooms for recitation, for philosophical apparatus, for libraries, etc. The church institution will need more explanation than any other. Jewish and Christian history, chronol- ogy, ancient geography, ancient manners and cus- toms, idioms, ecclesiastical affairs, etc., must there- fore become a regular course of lectures and studies. We want no scholastic or traditional theology. We desire, however, a much more intimate, critical and thorough knowledge of the Bible, the whole Bible as the Book of God, the Book of I^ife and of human destiny than is usually, or, indeed, can be, obtained in what are called theological schools. As we make the Bible, the whole Bible and nothing but the Bible our creed, our standard of religion, and of all moral science, we have no hesitation in saying that this institution, from the nursery class upward to the church classes, shall make that volume a con- stant study. All science, all literature, all nature, all art, all attainments shall be made tributary to the Bible, and man's ultimate temporal and eternal destiny." "The church institution," he declares, ''shall, in one cardinal point of view, resemble the West Point Military School. There it is not the theory alone, but military camp, the practice, the daily discipline 48 LIFE OF W. K. PENDLETON of the god of war. In this institution it will not be the theory of a church — of Bible reading, Bible crit- icism, Bible lectures, sermons, church order, Chris- tian discipline — but the daily practice of these. This church will be in session seven days every week. The superintendent of this institution, or the professor in attendance, will be bishop pro tem- pore of the church. The young men in all readings, questions and answers and exercises shall rise and speak and act as though they were, as in truth they are, members of a particular church met for edifica- tion and worship. Immoral and disorderly actions, should they ever occur, will be treated here as in Christian discipline they ought to be in the house of the Lord. Thus will the members of this institution be trained for filling any stations in the church of their ultimate location to which they may be called by the brethren. In one word, the objects of this liberal and comprehensive institution will be to model families, schools, colleges and churches, ac- cording to the Divine pattern shown to us in the oracles of reason, of sound philosophy and of Divine truth, and to raise up a host of accomplished fathers, teachers of schools, teachers of colleges, teachers of churches, preachers of the Gospel, and good and useful citizens, or whatever the church or the state may afterward choose to make of them." Such were some of Mr. Campbell's ideals of Chris- tian education. The institution opened favorably at the time announced, with five professors in the Fac- ulty, and a student body of 103 young men, repre- senting nine States and Canada. Mr. Pendleton had fairly begun his life work. CHAPTER V BETHANY Giving directions coucerning the routes to Beth- any College from different points in the Union, Pres- ident Campbell says: "Those south of us in Eastern Virginia and the Carolinas, either via Baltimore or Winchester, will seek the National Road which leads to Wheeling; thence sixteen miles up the river to Wellsburg, where they will find a conveyance seven miles out to the college. Those anywhere in the valley of the Mississippi, or on the borders of the Ohio, up or down, will find no difficulty in arriv- ing at Wellsburg on the bank of the Ohio. Those north and east will, either by Lake Erie, seek Cleve- land, about one hundred and twenty miles from Bethany, via New Lisbon and Wellsville, or by Phil- adelphia and Pittsburg. The National Road and the Ohio River are the two great thoroughfares which at two points are about equidistant from Bethany College." This was before the day of rail- roads. By stage over the National Pike, or by boat on the Ohio, the student reached the little Virginia town. By the same means of conveyance that year, William Henry Harrison crossed the Alleghanies to his inauguration as the ninth President of the United States, and John J. Crittenden came up from Kentucky to be his Attorney-General; John Bell, from Tennessee, to be Secretary of War; Thomas Ewing, from Ohio, to be Secretary of the Treasury; 4 • 49 50 LIFE OF W. K. PENDLETON and Benton, of Missouri, and Clay, of Kentucky, and the other great commoners, traveled over the same great National Road to the capital of the nation. It will appear, therefore, that Bethany, so far from being inaccessible in that day, was right on the great national highways, east and west, and north and south. Its situation was at the hub of the uni- verse. Brooke County, West Virginia, is in the narrow neck of land lying between Pennsylvania and the Ohio River, called the Panhandle. In 1841 there was not a licensed liquor saloon in the county. Its population was 7,948, and there were but ninety-one slaves. Wheeling then had but 7,885 people. Wellsburg, the county-seat of Brooke, is beautifully situated on the Ohio River sixteen miles above Wheeling. It was laid out in 1789 by Charles Prather, and originally named Charleston, but after- wards called Wellsburg, from Alexander Wells, who built a flour warehouse at the point, the first ever erected on the Ohio. The first settlers came before the Revolution, three brothers, Isaac, George and Friend Cox, who built a fort, as a protection against the Indians, about a mile above the village. Samuel Brady, the famous Indian fighter, was one of its cit- izens. Philip Doddridge, a member of Congress, who died in Washington in 1832, and who was scarcely less famous for his eloquence and great tal- ent in Western than Patrick Henry in Eastern Vir- ginia, was from Wellsburg. Dr. Joseph Doddridge, his brother, an Episcopal clergyman, who wrote a work on the Indian V/ars from 1763 to 1783, also lived here. Twelve or fifteen miles from Wellsburg, BETHANY 51 on Buffalo Creek, not far from Bethany, was Rice's Fort, made of cabins, and a small block bouse, wbich was beld successfully by six white men against one hundred picked Indian warriors in September, 1782. The Mingo Indians frequented this region, and in sight of Bethany was I^ogan's Hollow, where the celebrated Indian chief was said to have had his cabin. Bethany is in the county of Brooke, sixteen miles from Wheeling, seven from Wellsburg, and about thirty-eight from Pittsburg, Describing the location, Mr. Campbell said: * 'There is no exag- geration in saying that a healthier soil or a purer air is not within the United States. Our rich, calcare- ous hills, sometimes precipitous, acuminated and ac- clivous, occasionally also orbicular, oval and pyram- idal; at one time gently sloping by gradual ijndu- lations, or rising into bold and craggy prominences, clothed with lofty forest timber of great variety and stateliness, give to our country not only the most delightful scenery, but afford us the most genial cur- rents of the purest air and streams and fountains of the most pellucid and delicious water. The soil, too, is prone to verdure and the finest pasture, as it is favorable to all the grains and fruits that strengthen and solace man; always promises milk and honey, as well as bread and meat, to all that cul- tivate it. And if in winter a surly blast from the Boreal regions of cold Canada and the American lakes should make the leafless forests quail, our hills, in benevolent anticipation of the fierce in- vader, have richly stored themselves with mineral coal, as was the wooden horse with the Greeks, that 52 LIFE OF W. K. PENDLETON when carried into our houses gives us the cheerful hearth and scatters cold and darkness away." He believes there is not a more moral county in America than the county of Brooke. "The county- seat," he says, "has been a whole year without a scene of native intemperance. But two or three vagrants in twenty-five years have been sent to the penitentiary. While in a slave State, we are almost literally without slaves. In all these points of view, which indeed are the all-essential points in the loca- tion of a great literary and moral institution, we could not imagine a more favorable site. It has been to me, indeed, often a source of wonder why a country so inviting to persons of taste, and so favor- able to all the objects of life as this is, at the con- gress of the great arteries of this immense Union — whither national roads, canals, railways, rivers and mineral wealth have tended or are tending, should have been so much and so long overlooked as it has been." No one who has ever visited Bethany will question for a moment the justice of Mr. Campbell's descrip- tion of its natural beauty and advantages. Every old student will recall vividly and with enthusiastic delight the approach from the ancient county-seat of Wellsburg. Crossing the river in a wheezy little ferry-boat, and climbing the river-bank, the stage awaits the passenger, and soon he is whirled out of the staid old town and along the pike toward this Castalian fountain hid away among the hills. The Buffalo winds for twenty-one miles its sinuous course from Bethany to Wellsburg, and the pike crosses it four times in seven miles. The stage soon passes BETHANY 53 tlie first bridge, an old, covered wooden structure, made without a bit of iron; then a second, where an up-to-date iron thing, not half so interesting as its predecessor, in recent years has been thrown across the stream; then a third bridge, and Waugh's Mill, and the first tunnel through the hill, and then the dam and the fourth bridge; then along a magnificent valley, and through the second tunnel; then through charming meadows, beside the Buffalo, and over the hills, until the first "Narrows" is reached, with its perils of precipices and its perfect views of green undulating ridges, stretching away for miles, and fertile fields, and everywhere the meandering and beautiful Buffalo; and then the second "Narrows," passing the West IJ KX p^ ^ N 1848-1851 113 ical specimens. The class in Astronomy, also assigned to my care, has been conducted through the interesting treatise of Dr. Herschel, and assisted by such lectures and illustrations as were deemed useful to its progress and proficiency. In addition to these — the regular duties assigned to my chair, I have, in the office of Vice-President with which your body honored me for the year now past, attended, as far as my limited abilities en- abled me, to the duties of the President during his absence. For the honor conferred on me by the Board in placing me in this most responsible position, I beg leave to take this the first opportunity which has presented itself of tendering them my earnest thanks, and at the same time confessing my conscious inability to fill as I could wish the expectations which must have led to my appointment. In conclusion, I feel that I 0¥/e to the Board and to my fellow- professors an apology for some loss of time and a temporary relaxation of that energy in the prosecution of my labors which their example and your authority both claimed of me. The rea- son is known to you, and I doubt not the excuse already made. I could not help it. Candor perhaps requires that I should ex- press to you the fear which I entertain of being able for some time to come to feel the same interest in my labors that I have heretofore felt, or to discharge them with equal profit to the in- terests of the institution and my fellow-professors. The com- mon interest of the faculty gives each a claim upon the energetic co-operation of the others which even the afflictions of Provi- dence cannot cancel, and it is but due to them and to your hon- orable body who are intrusted with the general welfare of the college, in the uncertainty which I feel concerning my own health and ability, to express to you, however reluctantly, my entire readiness to retire from my position and give place to an- other. I feel as deep an interest in the college as I am capable of feeling in anything of the kind, and nothing but a sense of justice to others influences me in the tender which I now respectfully make to you of my chair, to dispose of it as your wis- dom may decide best. Very respectfully, W. K. Pe;ndi,eton, Professor of Natural Philosophy. His resignation was not accepted and he went on with his work. He lived alone. He gave himself 8 114 LIFE OF W. K. PENDLETON to his books and his pen. During this time his famous ghost story had its origin. It was on this wise: He was always a light sleeper, usually slept five hours, not more, at a time, then wake and read, and when he was older he dozed during the day — a moment at a time. During the period referred to he was very much occupied with his studies, and sat up very late at night. One night he heard a step on the landing outside his door, slowly and cau- tiously descending the stairs. His room opened on a landing, and opposite it was another room, seldom used. From these a dark stairway ran down be- tween two walls. As he heard the step he went out upon the landing with a lamp. No one in sight. He listened — no sound. He tried the door opposite. It was locked. Then he went downstairs and ex- amined the house — all securely closed. He went back to his room, and presently the step was heard again. He went out on the landing, but saw noth- ing, and concluded that his imagination was unduly aroused by late hours, and went to bed. After a few nights the sound occurred again. He listened, and again a slow, distinct step going down the stairs. He went out on the landing — nothing there, exam- ined the house as before, and was satisfied that no one had entered it. After some time the sound oc- curred again, but when he went out there was noth- ing there. At intervals of days, perhaps, he would hear the step, and he made a study of it. He knew how many steps were in the flight of stairs (of course he did!) and he counted. The step went to the bottom, and then stopped. Since he could see nothing, he went out in the dark and stood listen- 1848-1851 115 ing silently on tlie lauding. After some time, the steps began again. He followed, noiselessly, and waited, and heard them pass him in the darkness. He stretched out his arms and swept the walls with his hands, but they encountered nothing. But he did not relax his investigations. He had a scientific cast of mind, and had no superstitions, and finally he carried his searches to the little room opening on the landing, where some winter vegetables w^ere stored, and there found the ghost. There was a pile of sweet potatoes rapidly diminishing. A mouse had gnawed a hole through the door large enough to allow the passage of a potato, and with the string end in his mouth he would jump from step to step, pulling the potato after him. At the appearance of a light, or any sound, he would crouch in the corner in the shadow of the steps, and he and his potatoes were overlooked by an observer who expected to see something more portentous. Mr. Pendleton knew how to tell this story. In July, 18485 Mr. Pendleton married Clarinda, the last daughter of Alexander Campbell by his first marriage. Mrs. Lee, the gifted daughter of Gen- eral William Nelson Pendleton, and author of his memoirs, says, "Early and repeated marriages was a Pendleton habit." Clarinda Campbell, while younger, was as near as a twin sister to the former Mrs. Pendleton. She was universally admired for her amiability and love- liness. She was very different in her personality from her sister Lavinia, while having in common the refinement, love of literature, and the deeply religious nature which they shared. ii6 LIFE OF W. K. PENDLETON In person she was a little below medium height, and had a well-rounded figure. Her hair was nearly black, the brows and lashes dark, and eyes of pure, deep blue; the skin was fair, and the cheeks usually showed a rich color. In disposition she was of a more quiet, sober, thoughtful habit than her sister. Like some sweet young woman described in stories of the early Methodists, it was a matter of conscience with her not to wear expensive clothing. Espe- cially painful to her was the thought that she might be seen at church wearing something that some other there might wish and could not have. But there was nothing austere about her. In person she was exquisitely dainty. She was fond of the color called buff, and Mr. Pendleton liked to see her wear it, because it was becoming. In warm weather she ¥7ore it in lawns, and with a white lace shoulder cape that was then the fashion. Thus robed, with her shiny hair, the rose-bloom on her cheek and the love-light in her eyes, she had all the beauty and the sweetness of a lovely flower. Her life was one of thoughtful care for all within her reach, whether they were in need of food or raiment, or in any kind of sorrow. Persons who knew her, in speak- ing of her, touched upon her beauty, but left the subject quickly to dwell upon her loveliness of character, her angelic nearness to heaven. Her rule in the home was very firm, but the essence of ten- derness. The little Campbellina, who by Lavinia Pendleton had been left to her sister Clarinda, until eight years of age, when her step-mother died, had never read any book but the Bible on Sunday. In the home Mr. Pendleton on Sunday afternoon often 1848-1851 117 read aloud, according to his habit, from religious literature. Both were fond of the sermons of Robert Hall, Dr. Chalmers, Dr. Guthrie, and others. There was almost no magazine literature at the time. Mr. Pendleton was a subscriber to Blackwood, the Edin- burgh Review, and the North British, Quarterly and Westminster, but these were tabooed on the Lord's day. Sunday afternoon at Cuckoo was an animated time. There was a big dinner and a gracious hos- pitality after the manner of old Virginia. The mar- ried sons and their wives came from church to dine and spend the rest of the day. Usually the preacher was there, and other guests; "Dr. Joe" came over from the adjoining farm, and sometimes others of the large family connection; and when the clan gathered, and the abundant meal had been disposed of, the gentlemen seated themselves on the capa- cious porch, or grassy lawn under the locusts, with pipes and cigars and ample twists of home-made Louisa leaf, and too often, after some discussion of the sermon and services and personnel of the morn- ing assembly, strictly secular conversation prevailed with the men, politics being given the predominant note. It is related of Mrs. Pendleton, when a guest at Cuckoo, how she would quietly slip away from this group and read the Bible in her room until time to join the rest when about to disperse for their homes. She shared her reading often with the child in a way which to her was in every sense de- lightful, taught her Bible stories, and helped her to memorize the Scriptures, and rarely ever needed the book in her hand to do this. In a letter when av/ay ii8 LIFE OF W. K. PENDLETON from home, she described a trip up the Ohio by boat with her father, in which she speaks of the weather as so cold that she had to leave her stateroom, and adds: "I took my Bible and seated myself before a good fire in a very comfortable rocking-chair, and read an hour or two, and then Brother Burnet came in and talked with me a long time. I read and talked to him and father all day." The hospitality of the Pendleton home at this period, as well as under its first mistress, cannot be too strongly praised. It was Cuckoo transferred from the pines of Louisa to the banks of the Buffalo. Abundant and gracious it always was, a Nev/ Testa- ment virtue, which was cultivated as assiduously as any other in the catalogue. Men and women who take into their counsels and fellowship such exam- ples as Abraham and Lot, and the Shunamite woman, Mary and Martha, and Priscilla and Aquila, cannot fail to be imbued with this grace. God, who is good to all, and whose tender mercies are over all his works, is our great pattern. His sun shines and his rain falls on the evil as well as on the good. His very enemies share his bounty. He gives liber- ally to all men, and upbraids not. His Divine hos- pitality should keep all hearts from being selfish, parsimonious and inhospitable. The Pendleton home was a model in the exercise of this virtue, which has ever been one of the charms of all Beth- any life. Another of the domestic graces which was always illustrated in this home was kindness to the poor. Needy students and needy villagers alike have occa- sion to remember this in a thousand instances. In 1848-1851 119 modern as in ancient Bethany the Master's words apply, "The poor ye have always with you." Every man who enjoys God's bounty is commis- sioned to be almoner of that bounty. God is the giver, life is a partnership, humanity a brotherhood. No man understood this better than Mr. Pendleton. The weak, helpless, sick, suffering, unfortunate of every class, always found in him a benefactor. An incident illustrates, though oddly, Mr. Pendleton's place in the confidence of the poor. A man, a day laborer, whose weapons were the spade and mat- tock, honest and industrious, and who had a wife and several children, and had frequently worked for him, one day came to him in all seriousness and asked to sell himself to him. It was on the ground that he often had a hard time to make a living for himself and family, and that if Mr. Pendleton owned him, he could then know that he and they would always be taken care of in sickness or in health. He had come with a mind made up, after mature delibera- tion, and argued persistently a good while against the Professor's effort to show him that such a thing could not be. The confidence and affection of the poor he always commanded. Soon after his last marriage his wife gave a children's party, and had a gift for all the children named for him. She found the woods full of them, and this before the gift was mentioned. At one house an old woman told her that she h^d named her son William after Mr. Pen- dleton, and as she did not know what the K stood for, she just took a good Bible name and called him "William Kamaliel"! 120 LIFE OF W. K. PENDLETON When the attempt was last made, in 1880, to set fire to the college, in which the incendiaries suc- ceeded in burning the end which contained the society halls, a poor man in the village was sus- pected, and feeling against him ran so high that a warrant Vv^as issued for his arrest. He came to Mr. Pendleton — the President of the college — and asked him to go on his bond! And Mr. Pendleton did. The man was exonerated later. No man was ever consulted by more and different people, and upon more and different matters, and he had a patient hearing for every one, and went religiously into their affairs, as he did into everything he undertook. The second Mrs. Pendleton had two children, William Campbell Pendleton, and an infant, Lavinia, who survived her but twelve days. This lovely spirit traveled out of the body January loth, 1851. Mr. Campbell said of her: "So far as my recollec- tions extend, she never merited nor received from me a frown or a reproof. From the day of her bap- tism to the day of her death she seemed to have but one supreme aim in all that she designed and in all that she undertook, and that was to honor her Re- deemer in her station and relations in life, in the discharge of every personal and social duty." Sam- uel Church wrote of her: "She lived for heaven, and has gone there; she loved the Lord, and now enjoys him; she delighted in his worship here, and in the society of saints, and now unites with spirits of the just made perfect in their unceasing and rap- turous ascriptions of praise to Him that sits upon the throne, and to the Lamb." James Wallace writes Mr. Pendleton from Nottingham, England, 1848-1851 121 of her beautiful character, her presence, manner, spirit and conversation, and the delight they had in her visit there. Mr. Pendleton's words are beauti- ful and inexpressibly tender. He feels that her father's Letters from Europe addressed to her in the Harbinger had made her widely known, and the public, with her large circle of personal friends, would wish to know of her, and, while shrinking from any obtrusion of his grief upon others, he would meet this desire. He quotes from Cicero on friendship that "no man who possesses a proper firmness of mind will suffer his misfortunes, how heavily soever they may press on his heart, to inter- rupt his duties of any kind," and declared he has sometimes felt almost forced to yield to the pressure of his afHictions. "It is a blessed thing," he says, "to be born with a virtuous soul — a soul in harmony with all truth, attuned to all excellence, and in sympathy with everything that is beautiful, lovely and good. It moves through the world like a life-giving light, and throws its joy upon everything in its way. It loves the truth from an innate congeniality, and de- lights in goodness, because its nature is peace. It turns from the noisy haunts of human dissipation, and pauses in the hovel of want, over the bed of suffering, or by the side of affliction. Its tears re- fresh the arid wastes of despair, and paint a rainbow for hope. The accidents of fortune or of fame are alike indifferent to it. It looks beyond the form to the essence, and, in love only with the true and the good, finds in their immutability no disappointment. Stayed upon these, which change not, it is an house 122 LIFE OF W. K. PENDLETON built upon a rock — tli« storms may come and beat upon it, but it falls not. Such is a virtuous soul; such was Clarinda's. As such she lives in the ad- miration of her companions, in the gratitude of the afflicted, and in the imitation of all. "Her filial feelings were so mingled witb venera- tion that they assumed rather the form of piet}/' than a mere natural affection. Few daughters have lived to her age of whom a father could truthfully say, 'She never merited nor received from me a frown or a reproof. ' Her obedience sprang from admira- tion and love, and in it she was happy. The offices of duty under the warmth of her affection quickened into life, and became a delight and a joy. The youngest and last of five sisters, fair and lovely as herself, she strove to embalm their loveliness in her admiring heart, and out of its abundance were ever acted or uttered deeds or words graceful and gra- cious as they were benevolent and kind. Their ex- amples seemed ever before her, pictured to the mind like present spirits, with whom she might commune through the sense of faith as with the living. And are they not around us, in our waking and sleeping thoughts, as the lightning in the cloud, moving and guiding it, yet invisible till the crash in which it mingles and is one? So she believed, and her faith became as knowledge, shaping the current of her life and sweetening its sorrows. Of her love for me it is scarcely fitting that I should speak. To say that it was single, true, deep, superior to all opinion,, and pure as virtue's essence, would be saying much, yet how little towards the full expression of my heart's whole estimation! A love like hers can only 1848-1851 123 be understood by one who bas enjoyed and lost it; it cannot be pictured in words. I knew its power — enjoyed its triumphs, but, alas, now no more save in memory! I must utter my gratitude and suffer my loss. God give me strength! "Her religion was older than mine. She never knew the time when she did not feel herself a child of her father's and her mother's God. If it was not natural, it Vv^as her second and her stronger nature, ere she knew or thought or felt otherwise. No cloud of disbelief ever darkened her soul; no vacuum of unbelief ever opened it to the invasion of doubt, but, seeing all things through parental eyes, heaven and God and Christ were a reality to her faith before the meaning of the terms was half apprehended by her reason. From a child she knew the Scriptures; knew not only the words, but the things they sym- bolized, by a faith which actualized every precept and substantialized every hope. It has been my good fortune to know many pious Christians, but I have known none in whom there was more to sat- isfy the mind of the certain indwelling presence of the Spirit of God. It was seen in her countenance, heard in her conversation, and manifested in her good works, so that others, seeing her, were led to glorify God. "I said her religion was older than mine. 'Twas more perennial, too, for her soul had not upon it the impress of early impiety as mine had; and thus, while the thoughts of other days would sometimes come luring across my mind, and old ambitions wake, as from slumber, to tempt me back to the world, before her vision there always beamed the 124 LIFE OF W. K. PENDLETON steady liglit of celestial scenes, and honors unfading in the heavens. Ought I not to acknowledge with gratitude the sustaining aid which her faith ever gave to mine? " 'And pray, lest the stroke which has torn us apart, From the faith of a Christian may sever my heart.' "I may not prolong these grateful memories. It would be a pleasing theme for me to tell how, " 'From infancy through childhood, up to youth. And thence to prime of womanhood she pass'd — blest With all the sweet and sacred ties of life: The prayerful love of parents, pride of friends, Prosperity and health and ease; the aids Of learning, social converse with the good And gifted, and her heart all lit with love Like the rolling sea with living light; Hopeful and generous and earnest; rich In commune with high spirits, loving truth And wisdom for their own divinest selves; Conning the words of wisdom, heaven-inspired. As on the soul, in pure, effectual ray. The bright, transparent atoms, thought by thought, Fall fixed forevermore; how thus her days Through sunny noon, or mooned eve, or night, Star-armied, shining through the deathless air. All radiantly elapsed, in good or joy.' "But I must pause, to feel she is no more! no more to me in time! to look upon her as now with anoth- er, whose love, with mine, she shared on earth, and still enjoys in heaven. They are gone — both of them gone from me — but that they feel an interest in me still, I will bind as a buckler round my faith, and cherish with my life." On the simple stone, now gray with time, which marks the last earthly resting place of this lovely Christian woman, are these words: "If it were not 1848-1851 125 that the praise of monuments is regarded as little more than the soothing flattery of friends, we would be wanting in words to express all that should justly be inscribed upon this stone; for there is no grace of person or of heart that she did not wear as a birth- right. But we need not engrave her praise here: in the gratitude of the poor whom she blessed; in the memory of the Christian friends — to whom she was a model; in the cherished affection of those whom, in the more intimate relation of sister, daughter, mother, wife, she cheered by her word and encour- aged by her example, — in these is her memorial written and the treasure of her worth preserved." The death of Mr. Pendleton's wife was to him a sore experience. This sorrov/, together with his un- usual labors in connection with the college, serious- ly affected his health. He was taken ill and threat- ened with consumption. His case was given up as hopeless; he had several hemorrhages and was put to bed. His brother, Dr. Philip B. Pendleton, vis- ited him. A consultation of physicians was held, and Dr. Phil was advised to tell him that they saw no hope of his recovery. Dr. Phil accord- ingly told him their conclusion, but also said he had observed, from all the doctors had told him of the history of the case, that he had been allowed to lie all the time upon one side, and he thought the symptoms which they regarded as indicating a fatal termination, were probably or possibly due to solidi- fication of blood from this cause; that to get up and move about was the only chance for life — supposing his diagnosis to be correct — but that he considered the experiment by all means worth making. For 126 LIFE OF W. K. PENDLETON Mr. Pendleton to be told this from a source in which he had so much confidence, was for him to determine on making the effort, at whatever risk or pain. The first day he fainted from weakness. His most devoted friends and nurses protested against his course, but he persisted. Finally he got as far as his sleigh and took a ride. After a time he started south, v/ent to New Orleans, and in the spring followed the strawberries northward by way of Cuckoo, to his home. * Mr. Pendleton's cure was accomplished by his own indomitable energy. His pluck saved him. Thousands, at such a time, give up and die. Will- power works wonders when all medicines fail. When Sunset Cox, the gifted Commoner, was ill in Washington with typhoid fever, he said the sight of a picture on the wall representing life-savers fight- ing breakers in a life-boat to rescue the crew of a wrecked vessel, helped him to pull through the crisis of the disease. The story of the two frogs, the optimist and pessimist amphibian, is well in point. They fall into the can of milk. The pessimist gives up at once and goes to the bottom, wrong side up. The optimist kicks and struggles for existence, and morning finds him safely landed on the print of new- made butter, which he has churned into form by his strenuous effort. This persistency all through Mr. Pendleton's life was a marked characteristic. Some have quoted, in reference to him, Cicero's phrase, ^''Cum dignitate otium.''^ He no doubt enjoyed such leisure, but never was there a more indefat- igable worker. He had immense will power, and no man was more tenacious and determined when he 1848-1851 127 once set his mind on the accomplishment of any worthy object. How wide the application of this thought! "An ounce of pluck," said Garfield, "is worth a pound of luck." "The elect," said Beecher, "are who- soever will; the non-elect are whosoever won't." Whatever you wish, that you are. Every man stamps his value on himself — is made great or little by his own will. The world always makes way for a man with a determined purpose in him. Resolu- tion, determination, decision, are elements of char- acter of the highest order. Where there is energy, there is life; where it is not, there is feebleness, help- lessness, despondency, irremedial failure. Impossible is a blockhead's word. Fail is not good English. Determination to attain is often attainment itself. Stonewall Jackson, Lee's greatest lieutenant, was at West Point remarkable simply for indefatigable ap- plication, persistence, pluck. When a task was set him, he never left it until he mastered it. Again and again, when called upon to answer questions in recitation, he would reply, "I have not yet looked at it — been engaged in mastering the recitation of yesterday." The result w^as, he graduated seven- teen in a class of seventy. In the whole class not a boy to whom Jackson, at the outset, was not inferior in knowledge and attainment; at the end of the race only sixteen ahead of him. He had outstripped fifty-three, and if the course had been five years in- stead of four, he would, no doubt, have distanced them all. It is the soul that has staying qualities that wins. Blessed is the man that gets up and keens movinsf. CHAPTER XII FIRST NATIONAI. CONVENTION The most important event in tlie history of the Disciples, next to the founding of Bethany College, was the organization of the American Christian Mis- sionary Society. This was in the city of Cincinnati, October 24th, 1849. ^^i'- Campbell was elected president. Mr. Pendleton attended this convention, was chosen one of the vice-presidents, and reported its proceedings for the Harbinger. "We met," he says, "not for the purpose of enacting ecclesiastical laws nor to interfere with the true and scriptural in- dependence of the churches, but to consult about the best ways for giving efficiency to our power and to devise such methods of co-operation in the great work of converting and sanctifying the world as our combined counsels, under the guidance of Provi- dence, might suggest and approve. More than one hundred and fifty names were enrolled, and nearly or quite as many churches were represented. It was an interesting occasion, and the spirit-felt earn- estness, which pervaded the body during the long sessions of four successive days, showed that it was regarded as a solemn convocation on the great and sublime concerns of the Christian kingdom." The primary object, he says, was "to devise some scheme for a more effectual proclamation of the Gospel in destitute places, both at home and abroad." Mr. Pendleton in his report gives the constitution 128 FIRST NATIONAL CONVENTION 129 in full, which declares, "The object of the Society- shall be to promote the spread of the Gospel in des- titute places of our own and foreign lands." The plan of organization is with Life Directors, Life Members and Annual Delegates, the basis being one hundred dollars, twenty dollars, and ten dollars re- spectively. A President, twenty Vice-Presidents, a Treasurer, Corresponding Secretary and Recording Secretary are provided for, twenty-five Managers, together with the Officers and Life Directors, consti- tuting the Executive Board. This instrument was adopted amid great enthusiasm. "In a few min- utes, when opportunity was given for persons to be- come members under the constitution," says Mr. Pendleton, "fifty-two were entered as Life Members and eleven as Life Directors, making $2,140 sub- scribed in one evening by members of the Conven- tion alone to this most benevolent and laudable en- terprise." While the constitution was under discussion, Mr. Pendleton offered this resolution, which was unani- mously adopted: "Resolved: That the Missionary Society contemplated by this action be presented to the brethren as the chief object of importance among our benevolent enterprises." The Commit- tee who reported the constitution were John O'Kane, J. T. Johnson, H. D. Palmer, Walter Scott, John T. Powell and Dr. L. L- Pinkerton. The instrument has twelve articles, and the name of the new organ- ization was fixed as The American Christian Mis- sionary Society. The personnel of this important gathering was a distinguished one. Besides those already mentioned, 130 LIFE OF W. K. PENDLETON such names appear in the report as D. S. Burnet, T. M. Allen, Talbot Fanning, Dr. Daniel Hooke, Dr. K. Parmly, Francis Dungan, Richard Hawley, Dr. James T. Barclay, J. J. Moss, M. Mobley, Wil- liam Rouzee, James Challen, Thurston Crane, James and Andrew Leslie, C. A. Gould, Samuel Church, R. L. Coleman, William Morton, P. S. Fall, Elijah Goodwin, Carroll Kendrick, L. H. Jamison, J. B. New, A. D. Fillmore, W. H. Hopson, C. L. Loos, George Campbell, R. C. Rice, Dr. John Shackleford — a glorious apostolic company. A select Committee to report resolutions on mat- ters of general importance to the church, was ap- pointed as follows: D. S. Burnet, John Young, S. Ayers, H. D. Palmer, J. T. Johnson, C. Kendrick, W. K. Pendleton, Walter Scott, J. T. Barclay and John O'Kane. After a liberal use of the term "whereas," the report read: "Resolved: That we respectfully recommend to the churches the pro- priety of forming among themselves, State and Dis- trict meetings to be held annually and quarterly, in such a way as may seem expedient; and that the churches in their primary assemblies, be requested to send to their annual meetings by their messen- gers the number of members in their respective congregations, with the names of the post-offices. "Resolved: That we strongly recommend to the churches the duty and importance of organizing and establishing Sunday-schools in every congregation. "Resolved: That a committee of five be ap- pointed to make out and to publish a catalogue of such books as would be suitable for present use." The Committee ordered in the last resolution, con- FIRST NATIONAL CONVENTION 131 sisted of D. S. Burnet, J. J. Moss, C. Kendrick, Walter Scott and W. K. Pendleton. Having just returned, greatly fatigued, from his European tour and being sorely afflicted in the death of his son, Wyckliff, which occurred during his ab- sence, Mr. Campbell was ill at the time the conven- tion was organized and unable to be present. He sent for Mr. Pendleton and told him he wished him to go and represent him. Mr. Pendleton demurred, suggesting that other leaders in the movement would probably be little disposed to listen to one so much younger than themselves, and whom they would regard as so little entitled by his record, to be heard in their deliberations. Mr. Campbell insisted, expressing all confidence in his being able to convey his messages with all needed force to the convention. And so he went. This was how he became a charter member. He found many prepared to push some wild scheme or another, involving publications, etc., such as some already well-established organization might afford to carry on. He seems to have been the clear- headed, cool-headed one, to check the exuberant and speculative, and prove helpful on the side of the more practical; to have been the wise and careful one in counsel, and strong and safe in argument, favoring the adoption of feasible propositions. It will be seen that Mr. Pendleton had an impor- tant part in this memorable assembly, which laid the foundations of all our organized missionary work. With this great purpose he was ever in most loyal accord. No man for half a century was more potent in the missionary councils of the brotherhood; no face and form more strikingly noted in the great 132 LIFE OF W. K. PENDLETON missionary conventions; no voice more ready and eloquent in appeal for this liigh and holy cause; no counsel more wise and wholesome, or more cheer- fully heeded by his brethren; no hand more gener- ous in giving. His presence in any missionary as- sembly was always felt to be a benediction. The years from 1848 to 1851 were full of activity both in the College and on the editorial staff. In the Harbinger for '48, his first contribution is on "Christmas Day," in which he discusses the history and the rational method of observing this institu- tion. He contributes every m.onth his able series on * 'Discipline," in which he treats the whole matter of church organization, and church order and wor- ship, from the New Testament standpoint. Time is taken also to write up the scheme of scholarships for Bethany. The annual commencement of the Col- lege is reported as unusually successful. An alumnus, with no sympathy "with unmeaning pro- cessions of militia," seeks "the rural retreats of Bethanj^ College and the higher enjoyments of that rich, moral and intellectual feast always presented in its annual commencements." He speaks of the addresses as "elegant and chaste in composition, comprehensive and noble in thought, and breathing the loftiest strains of morality and religion," The original salutatories in Greek and Latin, he thinks, give high proof, both of the fine classic attainments of their authors and the thoroughness of instruction afforded by the College; and he cannot withhold the opinion that Bethany College is destined to rise still above its already high reputation; and as it becomes better known, be also more and more appreciated for FIRST NATIONAL CONVENTION 133 the combined excellencies of its location, discipline and instruction. No place could be more bealtliy or free from all demoralizing influences; no discipline could be more parental and efficient; and the course of instruction, scientific, literary, moral and reli- gious, is without exception. Alexander Procter is one of the twelve graduates in the class of '48, and delivers the valedictory. A chair of Sacred History as ''A perpetual chair in this Seminary" is suggested, a movement set on foot to raise $20,000 for its endowment, and Mr. Campbell urges it upon the attention of the friends of the institution. Bethany's eighth session is also a very prosperous one and its graduates some of the most eminent men that have gone out from its halls. There were a hundred and twenty-nine students representing half of the States, and England, Scotland and Ire- land, as well. Mr. Campbell thinks it an advan- tage to young men in their college course, to form acquaintance with their "juvenile contemporaries" from various sections of the country and "hand in hand to clamber up the steeps of Mount Helicon, breathe its pure air, drink its sweet waters, and bathe in the pure fountains of the Muses: and side by side to visit the Acropolis, the capital of Attica, the Palatine Hill, the battlefields of Salamis, Platea, and Micale, pay homage to the Alexandrian Geome- trician, to the Sages of Greece and Rome, and hie away to the Holy I^and, the capital of Judah's kings, make their visits to Mount Sinai, and Mount Zion and listen to the Jewish lawgiver and the Oracles of the Christian King." "Boarding, wash- 134 LIFE OF W. K. PENDLETON ing, fire, candles, and education" are still listed at one hundred and fifty dollars a year. This session, we first hear of the connection of Professor I^oos with the faculty. The President says, "The Primary Department under the tuition of Mr. lyoos, was well conducted the last year, and much instruction imparted, and well imparted, to the youth there." So far the subscriptions and dona- tions to the College are 141,634.68 and 133,202.80 has been collected. The graduating class has but seven in it, but among them are J. H. Neville, J. D. Pickett, Charles Carleton, and Moses E. Lard. Mr. Neville delivers the Latin salutatory, and Mr. Lard, the valedictory address. "A Looker-On" who re- ports the commencement exercises says of the latter: "The valedictory, we think, was quite out of keep- ing with the title. The speaker, however, admon- ished his hearers, at the outset, that he should deviate from the hackneyed themes of such oc- casions, and accordingly treated his audience to no small amount of playful humor; and his fellow- students, from whom he was about to part, with many valuable suggestions upon the homely, but useful topics of obligation and duty." "Long may Bethany College live," concludes this writer, "to give the bow of science to truth and train the native genius of our country to wing its arrows against the hydra forms of error, ignorance and vice!" As an illustration of the great kindness of Beth- any's faculty to the large number of students that are poor in respect to worldly goods, the experience of the most noted graduate of this session may be mentioned. Moses E. Lard makes public acknowl- FIRST NATIONAL CONVENTION 135 edgment of the gratitude lie feels to Mr. Campbell and others of his benefactors. *'Four years and four months ago, strange, homeless, penniless and un- taught, I landed a stranger at Bethany College. It was my fixed purpose, though encumbered with the responsibilities of a family, to qualify myself for more extended and enlightened usefulness. This object, the first and nearest to my heart, I wanted the means to accomplish." He tells of Mr. Camp- bell's letter which brought him to Bethany. "For which, and for the disinterested and cordial manner in which you have so often aided me when want bore heavy on me, I owe you feelings of gratitude which I have no power to express." He continues: "To my tried friends and brethren in Christ, W. K. Pendleton and J. O. Ewing, I am under the strong- est obligations. Friends they proved themselves to me when I needed friends. They have untied their purse-strings and tendered me their gentlemanly aid at times and in ways of which I cannot think with- out the tear of grateful remembrance starting in my eye." Again and again this story might be repeated, and no man is more affectionately and gratefully remembered by scores whose position was similar to that of Mr. Lard than W. K. Pendleton. Never was any man more considerate of the boy who came, green, awkward and plainly clad, unlettered and un- kempt, to place himself under the care of this alma mater. In Mr. Pendleton he was certain to find sympathy and a helpful hand. This has always been true of Bethany's teachers and of all the mem- 136 LIFE OF W. K. PENDLETON bers of her faculty. It was pre-eminently so of her late honored and lamented President. During this session of 1849, Mr. Pendleton con- tinued his articles on "Discipline" in the Harbin- ger, furnishing one each month, and closing Y/ith the seventeenth paper. Some of his positions are questioned by J. H. Chinn, and he enters into a somev/hat lengthy discussion with that brother. At the same time a practical case of discipline comes up in the Bethany church, involving Vv . F. M. Arny and Alexander Hall, and incidentally Mr. Campbell himself, and the chief responsibility of its settlement devolves upon "W. K. Pendleton, an elder of the church at Bethany." The year 1850 finds the Harbinger enlarging its circulation, not only in the United States, but in Great Britain and Australia, and W. K. Pendleton, R. Richardson and A. W. Campbell are its cO' editors. Mr. Pendleton writes ably on many fruitful themes, the Genealogy of Christ, Destructionism, Rebaptism, Prayer, and seven more articles on Dis- cipline. He discusses the question, "Is Satan yet alive?" This last is a playful skit. Jacob Creath, Jr., writes that in his travels he finds persons who doubt the existence of the devil, and says: "If you have heard of his death, or his annihilation, or of his disappearance from the dominions of God, please inform us through your periodical when and where the old gentleman died, and where he is btiried. But if you have not heard of his death, please give us your reasons for believing he is still alive, and where he lives." After referring to the views of Zadoc, the Saddu- FIRST NATIONAL CONVENTION 137 cees and Faustus Sociniis, Mr. Pendleton says: "In speculating upon this subject and analyzing the syl- logism of rational inference by which the non-exist- ence of the devil is proved, a syllogism occurs to me by which I am strengthened in my conviction that this story has most likely originated v/ith the devil himself. Nor do I think in laying down the prem- ises I assume half as much as they do who would prove that there is not in fact now nor ever was any such being as Satan. The syllogism is this: " 'The devil is the father of all lies; The report that he does not exist is a lie; Therefore the devil is the father of this report.' "And this syllogism suggests to me an analogy drav/n from natural history which renders my con- clusion at least natural. It is drawn from the well- known artifice of the cat. When this cunning ani- mal has exhausted every other expedient to catch the mice, and failed, it will feign to be dead, stretch itself at full length, relax its muscles, close its eyes and suppress its breathing, till even wiser ones than mice v/ill be deceived. It gives forth thus that it is dead. The trembling and guilty little mice, eager to believe the story and anxious to gratify their predatory cravings, trip forth from their holes and, in full confidence that Tabby is dead, rush headlong across his very remains, and perish in the delusion. So we fear it will turn out in the case before us." To an old Bethanyite nothing sounds more nat- ural than this syllogism. If there was anything the President relished it was syllogism. What was end- less bother to the neophite in the school of logic was 138 LIFE OF W. K. PENDLETON meat and drink to him. Major premise, minor premise, middle term, monosyllogism, and polysyl- logism, syllogisms, categorical and hypothetical, sorites, dilemma, fallacy — these to the befuddled youth might be torment and distraction, but they were "nuts" to the President. The old problem among the stoics, "When a man says 'I lie,' does he lie or does he not? If he lies, he speaks the truth; if he speaks the truth, he lies," might have caused Chrysippus the trouble of writing his six books and sent Philetus to his grave, but Mr. Pen- dleton reveled in it. Aristotle's dilemma, in reply to Protagoras, who maintained that all is illusion, and that there is no such thing as truth, saying, "Your proposition is true or false; if it is false, then you are answered; if true, then there is something true, and your proposition fails," was to him an endless delight. He could relish better than a din- ner at Delmonico's the discussion before King James at Cambridge, whether brutes had reason and could make syllogisms, and Mr. Preston's argument for the affirmative, for which he got his annuity of fifty pounds a year: "A hound, when he comes to a place where three ways meet, tries one, and then another, but finding no scent, runs down the third with full cry, concluding that, as the hare had not taken either of the first two, she must necessarily have taken the third." The ninth commencement of Bethany College oc- curred July 4th, 1850. The catalogue presented a larger number of students than ever before — one hundred and forty. Among those receiving the B. A. degree were J. W. McGarvey and Thomas Mun- FIRST NATIONAL CONVENTION 139 nell, and among the M. A.'s was Charles L. Loos, of Wellsburg, West Virginia. Professor Mason re- signed the chair of mathematics. G. F. Saltonstall, T. M. Allen, Daniel Monroe, Francis D. Dungan, William Morton, J. W. Parish, John Curd, William Hayden and S. B. Markle were added to the Board of Trustees. Among the curiosities of the session is this action of the Board: "Resolved, that a fine of five cents shall be exacted from every student for every time he is absent from class without a satisfac- tory excuse, and that said fine be appropriated to the purchase of premiums for merit on examination, and that each Professor shall collect the fines im- posed on his class," Mr. Pendleton's sorrow in the death of his second wife comes at the opening of the year 1851. His first article in the Harbinger, is no doubt inspired by this afiiiction; it is on "The Life of Faith." He writes also on "Rebaptism," "Septenary Institu- tions and the Westminster Review," the "Jeru- salem Mission," "The Two Comforters, Fido and Logos; or Faith and Reason," and the "Law of Lib- erty. ' ' There is also published an address by him on "Self-Culture," delivered in Wellsburg, Virginia, at the request of the Wellsburg Lyceum, covering some twenty pages in the Harbinger. The college this year has a hundred and forty-one students. George Plattenberg, Kirkland Baxter, A. G. Thomas and John C. New are some of the graduates. For Mr. Pendleton this year had its griefs and its labors. CHAPTER XIII. CRESCITE ET MULTIPUCAMINI. From '52 to '56 Mr. Pendleton writes little for the Harbinger. In the year 1852 he seems never to have used his quill. His service to the College dur- ing this period is constant and the growth of the Institution marked. In addition to his duties as Vice-President and Professor, he has been filling the office of Bursar, until 1855, vv^hen he is made Treas- urer to succeed Mr. Campbell. In '52, the Prepara- tory Department is abolished. At the annual com- mencement that year, J. C. Palmer, A. E. Myers, R. Faurot, J. T. T. Hundley, and A. Campbell, Jr., are among the twenty-four graduated, Mr. Palmer delivering the Latin salutatory, and Mr. Hundley the valedictory of the class. There were a hundred and fifty-one students. The annual Co-operation Meeting of the Churches in the District to which Brooke County belonged is held in October at Bethany, and W. K. Pendleton is made President. He is also appointed chairman of a Central Commit- tee on Evangelizing. In the volume of the Harbinger for '53, he is more active as co-editor, and contributes articles on "Nature and Spirit," and the question "What is a Good Conscience?" He is metaphysical and shows the influence of one of his favorite authors, Cole- ridge, "whose genius had thrown its sunlight ray into every deep and dark recess of the soul." In 140 FACULTY IN THE 50's. CRESCITE ET MULTIPLICAMINI 141 tlie paper on "Conscience" after showing the ideas of immortality, of freewill, and of God are the most abiding realities of the spiritual universe, and the relations of reason, conscience and revelation, he closes with the words, "O how sacred the obligation resting upon us all to fill our souls with the light which Cometh from above, and to meditate day and night on the law of the I^ord — the only perfect standard of rectitude, that we may thus fit our hearts for the indwelling of the Spirit, who is the only Universal Guide into all truth! Preach the word, then, men of God! — Fill the minds and hearts of the people with the light and love of the Gospel, that thus they may have not only a good but a right conscience, and your own work, in the day of fiery trial, prove not hay nor stubble, but abide as the pure gold upon the everlasting foundation, Vi^hich is Jesus Christ." The work of the College is steadily growing. The scholarship scheme is abandoned. Mr. Camp- bell tells us it had not been seized with the avidity and forvv^ardness that had been expected. It seemed to many to be rather cheapening a college education and likely at last to overcrowd the College. The endowment of chairs was a plan more practical and permanent in its advantages. Different states were invited to endow chairs to be named after them, as the Kentucky Chair of Sacred History, the Missouri Chair of Natural Philosophy, the Illinois Chair of Chemistry, the Indiana Chair of Ancient lyanguages, and the Virginia and Ohio Chair of Mathematics. These five Chairs, says Mr. Campbell, are the essen- tials of a college education in its more common 142 LIFE OF W. K. PENDLETON acceptation. As soon as these are endowed, a Chair of Oriental Literature, Hebrew and Chaldean, and one of French, German, Spanish and Italian, are to be established. There were fifteen graduates, Hanson Boring and W. S. Giltner being among them. The President feels again called upon to defend the location of the College, and for the first time we hear of a B. & O. R. R. "connecting us with Baltimore, Richmond, Philadelphia and New York," and the Pittsburg and Cleveland Rail- road to Wellsville thirty miles away, a proposed road to Wellsburg, and the Hempfield and Wheeling road under construction. "Thus Bethany College is in a year or two to be surrounded with railroads — almost at the focus of Eastern and Western and Northern and Southern Railways." He would not be so explicit, he declares, "had not a very fluent brother in Kentucky, who frequently goes off at half cock, and when on foot and his imagination on wing, has visions and inspirations over which he has no control, as an inducement to concentrate the brotherhood of Kentucky, in behalf of Bacon College, in speaking of Bethany said that 'as for Bethany, it was out of the question — it was so out of the way that one could scarcely find it out, and that anyhow, its years were numbered with the years of my life.' " "As to the perpetuity of Bethany College," declares Mr. Campbell, "it is dependent on no one man liv- ing, or to live hereafter." With the opening of the year '54, Mr. Pendleton takes up his pen more vigorously. He discusses in the February Harbinger "A Right Conscience," and gives an account of the conversion of "Dr. P. CRESCITE ET MULTIPLICAMINI 143 B. Mosblech, a protesting priest." This gentleman was by birth a German, educated at Mayence and Bonn and at one time Professor of I^anguages in tbe Royal College at Cologne. He came to America in 1850 and was priest for a German congregation at Wheeling. Some one put in his hand a copy of Mr. Campbell's "Christian System," in which he became greatly interested. Mr. Pendleton met him and invited him to Bethany, and after a short visit there, he renounced the Roman Catholic system, was baptized by Mr. Campbell and became Professor of Hebrew and Modern Languages in the College. Mr. Pendleton also writes a very delightful article on the "Book of Job." He discusses the Christian Publishing Society and for the first time, undertakes a "Talk with Children," which be does so well, one wonders why lie never wrote again in the same strain. The College this year adds greatly to its strength by securing Professor Robert Milligan for the Chair of Mathematics, made vacant by the resignation of Professor Hooke. He had been for years a Pro- fessor in Washington College, Pa., and later, in the Indiana University at Bloomington. Professor Pen- dleton presided at the annual commencement in July, and degrees were conferred on seventeen young men, among them O. A. Burgess, J. S. I^amar, John Shackleford, John F. Rowe, and William M. Thrasher. The thirteenth session was a great one. In speaking of the graduates the honored Vice- President says, "In solid attainments, in literature and science, in energy of character, in moral worth and Christian integrity, few classes of graduates can be compared with them." 144 LIFE OF W. K. PENDLETON After the commencement of the College, Mr. Pendleton went for his vacation to Virginia. The summer was without parallel for heat. It was the season of protracted meetings, however, and he visited a number of the churches in the State. His journey was by B. & O. Railroad to Washington. He calls the Capital a busy city of corruption and intrigue, of national glory and disgrace. He visited first the famous school conducted by James W. Goss, near ■ Gordons ville, known as ''Piedmont Female Seminary," and, with Mr. Goss, attended a protracted meeting at Stony Point Church, where A. B. Walthall and John G. Parish were preaching. From Stony Point he went to Gilboa, where the first congregation of Disciples on the principles of primi- tive apostolic Christianity was gathered by Higga- son and Bagby, two noble men ostracized under the Dover decrees for holding "the heresy of Camp- bellism." Here he found R. L<. Coleman and J. M. Bagby conducting a series of meetings. From Gilboa he went to Salem in the same county, and participated in a similar effort with McChesney and Flippo. At Louisa C. H. also, there is a revival, with Walthall, Parish and Goss as evangelists. He speaks of the great ability and zeal of these men, who stood as towers of strength to the cause of Christ in the Old Dominion. He writes of the discordant elements which had tried greatly the brethren and of "the vulgar ignorance of Thomasonian Material- ism," and declares that these crudities in philosophy were laughed at by the better classes of the Greek heathen before Christianity was born. In company with R. L. Coleman, he attends the CRESCITE ET MULTIPLICAMINI 145 Southeast Co-operation in I^unenburg, where he meets such men as Hugart, Doswell, and "our venerable and devoted old Brother Shelburne. " He returns to Richmond; here the cholera was raging, business was dull, streets were deserted, and a gloomy awe brooded like a spirit of fear over the city. The next day found him again in Louisa ''seated in the genial circles of my kindred accord- ing to the flesh, and enjoying the richest blessings of a favoring Providence— health, abundance, and genial society, Christian converse and brotherly love"; and a few days later he takes part in another protracted meeting at Garrett's, Louisa, with Cole- man and Goss. He closes his account of this trip as follows: ''A night's rest under my mother's roof, a few words of parting with friends, kindred, and my dear little boy, and I was once more on the cars for Bethany. My brother. Dr. P. B. Pendleton, and his lady, and my daughter Campbellina accompanied me to Washington city, and thence to Baltimore, where we parted— they on board the Bay steamer for Old Point Comfort, and I for the cars of the B. & O. R. R. In twenty-four hours I was among the green and fertile hills of Buffalo at my own quiet home, preserved under the ever watchful and un- wearied loving kindness of our Father in Heaven, to mingle my voice again with that of His servants at Bethany in praising and thanking Him for His goodness and care in keeping me through so many dangers and perils of travel and disease, and giving me yet time and opportunity to do His will on earth as it is done in Heaven. Grace, mercy and peace 10 146 LIFE OF W. K. PENDLETON unto all who love the Lord Jesus Christ, and wait His coming." In company with Dr. Richardson, Mr. Pendleton attended also the annual meeting of the Disciples of Cuyahoga County at Bedford, Ohio, in September. The meetings were held in a tent seating 4,000 peo- ple, and great multitudes came to hear. Dr. J. P. Robison presided, and Bentley was there and the Haydens, Moss, Green, Errett, Lanphear, Church, Jones and others who did valiant service for the King in those days. The meetings continued four days and nights, saints were comforted, edified and cheered, and sinners converted to Christ. Isaac Errett did the baptizing. On the Lord's day, 1,500 Disciples sat down to celebrate the Lord's death. It was an impressive scene — no levity, no haste, no confusion, no oversight, the deepest solemnity per- vaded the vast assembly. It was indeed "a joint communion and participation of the body and blood of Christ to the profit of a self-examining people." Errett made an appeal for missions, and $1,000 was pledged. "What State in this favored Union," Mr. Pendleton asks, "is doing like Ohio? From all that we can learn, she will expend not less than $10,000 this year in this work of general State Mis- sions." This was in 1854. In October the missionary anniversaries were held in Cincinnati. Mr. Pendleton was present. The sessions were held in the Walnut Street Chapel for four days. He expresses himself as greatly disap- pointed at the attendance. With the exception of James Challen, of Philadelphia, three brethren from Illinois, and himself, only Ohio and the bordering CRESCITE ET MULTIPLICAMINI 147 States of Kentucky and Indiana were represented, and at no time were the pews of the chapel more than half occupied. The first day was given to the sessions of the American Christian Bible Society. The receipts for the year were $1,286.43; $889.80 was paid over to the Bible Union, $70 for the pur- chase of the Revised Version, and $30 to colporters, expenses $396.63. It does not appear from the re- port that any Bibles were distributed, and when we consider that nearly the whole benevolent operation of this Society is in the amount paid over to the Bible Union, and this has been done at an expense of about 28 per cent, of the collections, Mr. Pendle- ton questions whether it would not be better to leave this field entirely to the Bible Union and its agents. It was resolved to continue the Society and its agents, and that the funds contributed among the "Christian Disciples" for this purpose should pass through the hands of the Society in order that they might appear in the report "a more full exponent of the liberalit]/ of our brethren in sustaining the cause." Mr. Pendleton opposed this action vigor- ously, characterized the latter part of it as "too nar- row and sectarian for the great heart of Christian- ity," and said it looked as if we were determined to let our right hand know what our left hand was doing. D. S. Burnet was President of the Society, and devoted his address to the discussion of the impor- tance and necessity of a revised version of the Scriptures, confirming his hearers in the conviction that this was the present great work of the church. The second day's session of the Convention was 148 LIFE OF W. K. PENDLETON devoted to the business of the A. C. M. S. The Treasurer reported balance in the treasury last year $3,445.40, collections for the year $3,403.57, mak- ing $6,848.97; of whjch were expended during the year for foreign missions $1,709.77; home missions, $515, and expenses $1,527.16; in all $3,751.93 for both home and foreign work, at an expense of 45 per cent. Mr. Pendleton thinks the expenses of these operations heavy, yet unavoidable, while the brethren require so much begging for so small a return of liberality. The Corresponding Secretary of this organization is D. S. Burnet, who reported the Society as doing little or nothing in mission fields. The Jerusalem Mission is suspended, the work in Liberia, by the death of Cross, had failed, and no regular system of domestic missions is sus- tained; the destitution on the field at home was great, and letters were read from Memphis, Tenn., from Ohio, and from Washington Territory, as sam- ples of appeals received by the Secretary. It was the age of the Resolutions of the Apostles so far as missions were concerned. Mr. Pendleton reports a number of these interesting forms of words which were acted upon with great unanimity. On motion of E. Goodwin: "Resolved, that we com- mend the Liberia Mission to the favorable consider- ation of the Board of this Society, and request said Board to endeavor to secure an efficient missionary for that field as soon as possible." On motion of D. S. Burnet: "Resolved, that we commend to the attention of the Board the establishment of a mis- sion in Germany as soon as possible." On motion of James Challen: "Resolved, that we commend to CRESCITE ET MULTIPLICAMINI 149 the Board the establishment of a mission in France, and that Brother Charles Louis Loos be corresponded with in regard to taking charge of the same." On motion of Isaac Errett: "Resolved, that the Cor- responding Secretary be requested to make inquiry into the expediency of establishing a mission in China, and report at the next annual meeting." On motion of W. K. Pendleton: "Resolved, that the Board be instructed to establish as speedily as prac- ticable as full and efficient a corps of missionary laborers in the various fields of the Society's opera- tions as the funds of the Society will allow," It will be seen that this Convention was full of most excellent resolutions; and when it is remem- bered that these men were only laying foundations, that the people they represented had so recently sprung into being as a distinct body, that they were in many cases even without houses of worship, that their hands were full to overflovv'ing with the local demands upon their means and ministry, it is not to be wondered at that they could do little more than resolve and pave the way for such glorious gather- ings and harvest homes as the memorable Jubilee in Cincinnati in 1899. Walter Scott delivered the an- niversary address on this occasion, and Mr. Pendle- ton writes that he performed his task in a manner truly worthy of the catholic greatness of his Chris- tian head and heart. The third and fourth days of the meeting were given to the affairs of the much-discussed Publica- tion Society. Says Mr. Pendleton: "Our estimate of its claims upon the support and encouragement of the brethren was in no degree enhanced by what we I50 LIFE OF W. K. PENDLETON witnessed during its anniversary." Five members were appointed to investigate certain charges against its management, but their report was unsatisfactory. He dismisses it with the declaration: * 'Should this Society succeed in its purposes, perhaps we shall be more inclined to consider its deserts when we begin to be saddled with a creed in the form of an author- ized literature and feel ourselves trammeled in our religious freedom by the formulae of the Publication Society Theology." Besides this report of the anni- versary meetings, Mr. Pendleton has but one article in the Harbinger for '55, and that the first of his series on "The Church." Bethany's fourteenth commencement was a very successful one. Eighteen young men were gradu- ated, among them Joseph King, I. N. Carman, R. L. Ware and J. W. Horner. The first named delivered the Latin address, and the last was valedictorian. Dr. J. P. Robison, Isaac Errett and R. L. Coleman were present. The reports of the college work for the session are full of encouragement. It is an- nounced, among other things, that as facilities for reaching Bethany are now almost entirely independ- ent of the stage of water in the Ohio River, students will be expected on the premises promptly at the opening on the first Monday in October. Professor Pendleton is made treasurer of the college to suc- ceed Mr. Campbell. In December he writes: "The unusual accession of students to Bethany College this session for a time overflowed our accommoda- tions. The faculty were compelled to fit up new apartments. These are now ready, and we can ac- commodate some eighteen or twenty more students." CRESCITE ET MULTIPLICAMINI 151 With the opening of the fifteenth session, there is some disturbance in the college over the slavery question, and ten young men left the institution. The faculty acted with great promptness and firm- ness, and no serious results occurred. Mr. Camp- bell announces at the opening of the year 1856, "The college was never in a more healthy and pros- perous condition." In November he visits the Vir- ginia State Convention in Richmond, and delivers an address on Education, and receives subscriptions equal to $1,300 toward the Virginia Chair, for which the Virginia churches had resolved to raise $15,000. He stops in Louisa County on this trip, and writes: "At Cuckoo we had a very refreshing repose of two days among our friends and connections, the Pendle- tons of Louisa. Mother Pendleton, now some sev- enty years old, yet lives in good health of mind and body at the old homestead in the county with her son. Dr. Philip B. Pendleton, and family. There we had a very social meeting of the whole family of Pendletons, which reminded me of the clans of good auld Scotland. We also spent a very pleasant day with Dr. Joseph Pendleton, in her immediate vicin- ity. On departing we were accompanied by Dr. Philip B. Pendleton to Tolersville." On this tour in Eastern Virginia, which was of two months' duration, Mr. Campbell also visits, among other places, Yorktov^n, where he tells us he was met by Dr. Frederick W. Power, and taken to Grafton meeting-house, some six miles from the river. He describes the battlefield where the British lion crouched to the American eagle, with only two or three decaying Lombardy poplars marking the spot 152 LIFE OF W. K. PENDLETON of Cornwallis's surrender to the hero of the Revolu- tion, and tells of his address at Grafton on Paul's Letter to Titus, "ilfter meeting," he says, "we dined with our brother, Dr. Robert H. Power, who lives a short distance from the Grafton meeting- house, and on the next day enjoyed the hospitalities of Dr. Frederick Power in his home, one of the ven- erable edifices built more than a century since by the English before the Revolution, of materials im- ported from British soil.. We met here the sister of Dr. Power, the widow of my son in the faith, the much-beloved and esteemed Henry F. McKenney, a graduate of Bethany College, and a devoted laborer in the Lord's vineyard. We received a generous sum at Grafton for Bethany, among the subscrip- tions $ioo from our very energetic brother, J. B. Gary, of Hampton, formerly a teacher in Bethany College." Mr. Pendleton acts as President of the College during this extended absence of Mr. Campbell. He delivers a very able and learned address before the Bible Revision Association at Louisville, Ky., the loth of April, which is published in full in the Har- binger. He contributes articles on "Religion," on the "Second Epistle of Peter," on the "American Bible Union," on "Self-Government," and writes the most stirring words on "Missions" that can be found in the early history of the organized mission- ary work of the Disciples. Commenting on the action of the Ohio State Convention in discontinu- ing the American Bible Society, he makes this prop- osition: "That a general convention of the breth- ren throughout the Union assemble at Cincinnati CRESCITE ET MULTIPLICAMINI 153 at the next anniversary of our Society to consider the propriety of so remodeling their entire opera- tions as to reduce them to the single work of home and foreign missions, with a general recommenda- tion to the brethren to co-operate directly in all matters connected with the publication and circula- tion of the Bible, with the American Bible Union." *'It is high time," he declares, "that we were doing something, both at home and abroad, in this mighty field of heathenish darkness. Brother Barclay and his missionary family have come home from Jerusa- lem and the solitary shepherd, Brother Dennis, whom he left to look after the little flock he had gathered, is suffering from neglect and want; emi- gration, like a mighty gulf stream, is pouring its floods into the fertile prairie lauds of our expanding Republic and no heralds of the Gospel are sent along to raise the torch of eternal life over the moral wastes of these fast filling empires. Our Missionary Society is practically dead — we say it with tears, it is practically dead! and shall we not revive it, shake off the grave cerements that hold it in a temporary but impotent entombment, and call it forth in beautiful garments as the beloved of the church? Yes, brethren, let us awake to our duty." The fifteenth session of the college closed under the most favorable auspices. Never before had there been so large an attendance of students, and never such an interesting reunion of alumni from all over the country. Encouraged by the prosperous condition of the institution, the Trustees determined to constitute an additional professorship, and formal- ly establish a Chair of Modern I^anguages. Among 154 LIFE OF W. K. PENDLETON the twenty-seven young men wlio received tlie graduating honors, such names appear as A. M. Lay, John A. Brooks, B. W. Johnson, James Atkins, and W. S. Russell. The work of the year was most gratifying; the prospect for the future most flatter- ing; the growth of alma mater in all its depart- ments is an occasion of pride and thankfulness. CHAPTER XIV 1855 A Bethany student, through the kind recommen- dation of President Pendleton, for a time served dur- ing his senior year as Pastor of the Christian Church in Washington, Pa. It was a distance of twenty miles East from the college, and he was in the habit of riding this distance on horseback Satur- day evening and returning on Sunday afternoon. By the roadside over which he passed, about midway between Bethany and Washington, was a home which had evidently once been beautiful, but was then in a state of decay. Buildings were crumbling, yard and garden were all overgrown with weeds, vineyard and orchard were neglected and gone down. Curious to learn the history of the place, the student made inquiry, and was told a young man had lived there who had been virtuous and respected by every one. He was a preacher of the Gospel, married a happy, loving wife, and called his home ' ' Paradise. ' ' But the serpent entered the garden ; he had fallen into habits of dissipation, gone down to the gutter, and then to the grave; and the place was now known as "Paradise Lost." Along the same road, driving homeward, with a friend, on the after- noon of a cold December Lord's day, the horses took fright on the mountain -side, and ran, throwing both occupants of the vehicle to the stony roadway with severe injuries. Good Samaritans cared for the 155 156 LIFE OF W. K. PENDLETON young men with tender hands, and after the work of the surgeons was done, and they were striving to compose their aching limbs to rest, the old farmer, under whose roof they were sheltered, took down the Bible, and as his wife and boys gathered about the fireplace, opened the Sacred Volume at the twelfth of Bcclesiastes and read the beautiful lesson of the wise preacher; and then knelt and pra^^ed, and asked a blessing upon the 3'oung strangers, thrown injured into their midst, A lesson of the peace and of the comfort of prayer was learned never to be for- gotten. It seemed as if Christ were there — the Christ that loved Martha and her sister and Lazarus — and had He come. He would have found all that family in the ark, father, mother, brothers and sisters. That was "Paradise Regained." The next day President Pendleton came in person, with a surgeon and a comfortable vehicle, and these boys were placed on a mattress in the bed of a spring wagon and tenderly borne to the College, the Presi- dent himself directing the removal over the sixteen miles of rough roadway. They were taken by him to his own home and cared for during the weeks of confinement that followed, and he and his good wife were father and mother to the sufferers. It was a haven of rest to the boys. To Adam, Paradise was home; to the good among his descendants, home is Paradise. This incident occurred while the present Mrs. Pendleton presided on Pendleton Heights. Sep- tember 19, 1855, ^'^' Pendleton was married to his third wife. Miss Catherine Huntington King, daugh- ter of Judge Leicester King and Mrs. Julia Hunt- i855 157 ington King, ofWarren, Ohio. The ceremony took place at Bloomfield, near Cleveland, at the home of the bride's sister, Julia, Mrs. Charles Brown. Mr. Pendleton was thirty-eight years of age, still a young man. For nearly five years he had been a widower and lived alone at his home in Bethany. He met his wife first at one of the college com- mencements which she attended in company with her sister Helen, afterwards Mrs. James Atkins. They came together for the occasion and were guests at the Campbell home. Her parents were from Connecticut, but had moved to Warren, where she was born and reared. Her mother's maiden name was Huntington, and through her she was con- nected with some of the oldest families in New England, the Kents, Dwights, Lymans, and others. Her father was eminent in business and in politics, especially as a pioneer leader in the Anti-slavery movement, being the nominee of the I^iberty Party for Governor of Ohio in 1842, and for Vice-President of the United States in 1847. ^is theory was a gradual emancipation and the compensation of the owners for their slaves. He was not a member of the church during his wife's lifetime, but he went from her burial to be buried with Christ in baptism. Mrs. Pendleton's mother had been a Presbyterian. The congregation of Disciples in Warren was then a very small, insignificant body, and was generally re- garded with the contempt common to those times by the older and more prominent churches. Shortly before she identified herself with the Disciples, a Convention had been held in the Presbyterian Church, and a number of the delegates had been en- 158 LIFE OF W. K. PENDLETON tertained at her home. Amoiio; her servants was a girl who belonged to the little "sect everywhere spoken against," and when soon afterward a similar meeting was held by the Disciples, she said to the girl, "You were very attentive and helpful during our Convention, and now I shall be very glad to en- tertain some of your delegates for you," The girl informed her pastor, and Walter Scott and Alexan- der Campbell were assigned to the King mansion. Mrs. King, sharing to the full extent the common ignorance and prejudice, expected to find, at best, a pair of religious cranks, but was much too intelli- gent herself not to recognize at once that she had been at least so far mistaken. When bedtime came, she placed a Bible on the stand beside Mr. Camp- bell, and asked him to conduct family worship. "This is my Bible ^'''' she said, fearing he would use his own. "Brother Scott, you please read," said Mr. Campbell. Without opening the book, Mr. Scott laid one hand upon it, and, closing his eyes, filling the room with the music of his noble voice, he repeated the nineteenth Psalm. Mrs. King was so impressed by this time that when they rose from their knees she began voluntarily to question him, touching his faith and teaching; they talked until three in the morning, and the outcome was she united with the church. Students of more than a quarter of a century have reason to remember with gratitude Mrs. Pendleton. It would be difficult to describe her. With very dark auburn hair, eyes perfectly black, yet soft, a brunette complexion, and with a brightness of mind and buoyancy of temperament that made her in her i855 159 happier moments the embodiment of sparkling gaiety; with quick sympathies that made her ever as ready to weep with those who weep as to laugh Ynth. those who laugh; a cultured and beautiful woman, she brought to the college an influence which was felt in all its social, intellectual and religious life. She gracefully sustained her husband in dispensing a most delightful and abundant hospitality. There were always visitors; she delighted to gather young people about her, and little social functions were constantly being planned to relieve the monotony of student life. She had a charming sympathy always for a love affair, and was usually the confidante. The sick and the poor and the sorrowing, whether in the village or among the students, received her thought- ful and kindly consideration. If a student fell seri- ously ill, he was usually taken to Mr. Pendleton's house, if practicable, and she was unremitting in her personal care. She had a very remarkable fac- ulty of discrimination with respect to the promise of a student, to detect latent possibilities, and was quick to give encouragement and sympathy. She was untiring in her efforts to do good through the many channels open for this ministry in a college community. In the multitude of cares which came to Mr. Pendleton connected with the management of the institution and his work as teacher, preacher and editor, she was an able and devoted helper. Upon her good taste and judgment he greatly relied. With an increasing household and the care and cul- ture of her children, her life was one of constant and happy service. Their first child was born in i6o LIFE OF W. K. PENDLETON August, 1856, Clarinda Huntington, now Mrs. Joseph R. Lamar. The Pendleton home was an ideal one; the rela- tion of parents and children was one of closest fel- lowship. Mr. Pendleton always shared in their little joys and sorrows. In his busiest moments, if one came to his writing-table with a little heart break- ing over a broken toy, he would lay down his pen, take up his penknife, if need be find a string, and make the trouble happiness again. He was always handy with his hands. A man once said he believed Mr. Pendleton could "build a house with a jack- knife, if he had no better tools." Of course the little ones felt that he knew everything, and he in- spired absolute confidence. His eldest daughter, when as a child living at the Bethany mansion, met with a severe accident by being thrown out of a buggy. It was the day Professor Loos was married, and some of the family had been in the buggy to attend the wedding. While the horse was being unhitched, after their return, she climbed into the buggy. The horse became frightened and dashed down the hill. She was violently thrown to the ground and her face fearfully lacerated. Mr. Pen- dleton VNT'as immediately sent for. The child was the center of a frightened group in the hall, and when she caught sight of him in the doorway, her first and frantic appeal was that he would have her let alone. Three doctors were finally assembled, and she was in a paroxysm of nervous dread at their ap- proach, but became quiet, with a sublime faith in her father that he would in no case hurt her more than he said he would, and under the direction of i855 i6i the surgeons he performed the necessary operation. There was no anesthetic amelioration in those days, and surgery was primitive. Several gentlemen pres- ent contributed the gold pins from their scarfs, and these were passed at intervals through the opposite edges of the wound, and the latter held together by wrapping their ends in and out with silk thread. She was a long time getting well, and still carries the scar. One of the children illustrates his close comrade- ship with this story: "My earliest recollections are of sitting on his lap and listening, with each indi- vidual hair in my head erect, to the thrilling and bloodcurdling story of 'Dando, Uno and Nobery,' a story that I have never seen or heard anywhere else. He had it from his father, and his father from his father, and so on. They were three dogs, whose master locked them up in an outhouse and went hunting. He was pursued by a bear, and ran up a tree, and the bear began to gnaw it down, and was fast succeeding, when the dramatic part began. The man began to shout at the top of his voice, *Dando! Uno! Nobery! Come, my good dogs,' etc., a most heartrending appeal; and, miles away, the dogs heard an echo, faint and dim: 'Dando! Uno! Nobery! Come, my good dogs, save your master!' "They begin to howl and cry, and all that is given with proper elocutionary emphasis. Presently they begin to scratch — they stop and listen; faintly they hear it, 'Dando, Uno and Nobery, the ole b'ar will get your master!' "In the end — at the very last edge of the last mo- ment, while the tree is tottering to its fall, they suc- 11 i62 LIFE OF W. K. PENDLETON ceed in scratching their way out, and, guided by the sound — growing dramatically louder and louder, they reach the spot, attack the bear, and the man is saved. Oh, the relief of that moment!" He had the reputation in his family of knowing everything that went on. It was useless to hide anything from him. He never spied on the chil- dren, never asked others to tell on them. He just knew; or, if he did not, he soon would. Once the boys went seining at night at a time when the law forbade that diversion. They brought a string of fish for breakfast. Mrs. Pendleton was away, and Miss Birdie, as Mrs. Lamar was called when a girl, was housekeeper. She warned them that if the fish appeared, her father would know how they got them. "How can he?" they asked. "Just tell him we went fishing." So far so good. The fish appeared, and Mr. Pen- dleton enjoyed them. Presently he turned to her with the question, "Where did you get these fish?" "The boys went fishing yesterday and caught them." "Oh, did they?" Then, turning to the boys, in the most casual tone, "Boys, did you catch them with hook and line?" An ominous silence; finally, "No, sir." "Oh, yes, I suppose you just stood on the bank and persuaded them to come out" ; and that was the last they ever heard of it, though they stood in terror of their lives for days. This anecdote illustrates the power he had over them. He never punished them, though sometimes — especially when he was frightened for fear of results — his rebukes were severe. But often he did not rebuke, and that very fact filled them with ap- i85S 163 prehension. He knew all about their misdoings, and there was no telling what might happen when he did make up his mind to act! He had somewhat the same method in dealing with students. He knew when to keep silent, and the wisdom of not seeing too much, or enforcing rules too religiously, and when a bit of humor or sarcasm would serve the purpose. Some young men, for example, had put up the sign, 'lunatic Asylum," over the college door. He called atten- tion to it, and remarked quietly that he was glad they were so well acquainted with themselves. Of course the sign disappeared without more ado. Sometimes, during his absence, the students and faculty v/ould be in hot water all the time, but on his return things seemed to settle themselves with- out any official interference. Mr. Pendleton's relations to those who served in his household were of the same kindly nature. In its dealing with the question of help in the home, society could be amazingly advanced. That odious term, ''servantgalism," could only originate in a low, barbaric state of civilization. The mistress of a domestic in New York celebrated the jubilee of her maid, and it is thought worthy of Associated Press dispatches the world over. The solution of this problem, discussed perennially in every circle of twentieth century women, is easy. Let such service be ennobled. More than one housekeeper, like a creaking door, needs to be oiled. When your ser- vants do well, praise them; when they make mis- takes, don't always grumble. I,ord Chesterfield is taken as the model gentleman. He left by his will i64 LIFE OF W. K. PENDLETON legacies to all his menial servants equal to two years' wages eacli, considering them '■^as his unfor- tunate friends^ equal by birth and only inferior by fortune." One of Mr. Pendleton's domestics was a light-col- ored man named Lewis. Every old student remem- bers him. An artist of infinite variety, he was never known to arrange the napkins on the table twice in the same fashion. Lewis had been brought up and trained by Mr. Pendleton's mother. Mr. Pendleton had always been a great favorite with him, and he had often said that he was coming out to live with "Marse William when ole Mistress was gone." After Lee's surrender, Dr. Phil Pendleton gave him an indorsement that secured him a place at once in the Exchange Hotel in Richmond, but he stayed there only long enough to save money enough to go to Bethany. He reached Wheeling with only twenty-five cents in his pocket, walked from there, sixteen miles, and arrived at Pendleton Heights wholly unexpected, but with restful certainty that his cares were all ended. He was a most welcome addition to the household. His devotion to Mr. Pendleton was only equaled by his pride in him. He was with him sixteen years, and the circumstances of his leaving had a comical element. He was a widower, and altogether the favored beau — indeed the recognized aristocrat— among the young ladies of the limited colored popu- lation of the village. The time came when he could not see quite as well as in his youth; there was an occasional oversight where things had formerly been so immaculate. At length Mrs. Pendleton pleas- antly suggested spectacles. But this met with the passionate protest that he could not think of such a thing; that people v/ould imagine he was getting old and, m short, the young girls would have nothing more to do with him. The trouble with his eye- sight grew, though slowly, and finally a change seemed wise But the parting was with cordial good will on both sides. A Mr. Beall, of Baltimore wanted a body servant. It was an easier position for Uwis, and Mr. Pendleton secured it for him He continued with him for some time, but had bought, while at Bethany, a piece of land in the Cuckoo neighborhood, and later built upon it a com- fortable home, retiring there to end his days The year after Mr. Pendleton's third marriage came the burning of the college. Mr. Campbell was aroused, and came over to witness the scene Standing quietly, he watched the destruction of the building into which he had put so much of labor and so many hopes. As Mr. Pendleton was in the thick of the effort to save wherever rescue might be possible, and students were helping him with a will m heroic attempt to get some of the philosophical apparatus through the windows of his lecture room and only succeeded in breaking it, he said, pleas- antly, Never mind, gentlemen, it is too late; we may as well allow it to burn up in good order " Ivater, when the December night was far'spent, the crowds about the fire had gone home, and the rest of the household retired to rest, as he stood alone at his front window watching the fitful light and smoke from the ruins, his wife came near and laid her hand on his shoulder. -What will you do i66 LIFE OF W. K. PENDLETON now that the building is gone?" she asked. Turn- ing his face to her with the light of cheerful cour- age, that all who ever saw him in hard places must remember, he answered calmly, "With God's help, build a better one." From that moment he bent all his splendid powers to this achievement. With Mr. Campbell he made the tour of Kentucky and the East. "We gener- ally in all places preached twice or thrice, Mr. Pen- dleton and myself in turn," writes Mr. Campbell. "Mr. Pendleton enjoys good health, and saves me much labor in speaking. He preaches for the Col- lege, and I for the Church." CHAPTER XV II.IAS MALORUM With Mr, Pendleton 1857 was a very busy year. His labors on the Harbinger were unusually abund- ant. He contributed monthly his short sermons on "Second Peter." He wrote on "God's Part in the Work of Human Redemption," and had time, not only to urge the claims of Bethany College, but to speak a good word for Bacon College, Ky., for the Christian University at Canton, Mo., and for John B. Cary's work at Hampton, Va. His articles on missions are notable. "How stands the cause of missions among us?" is a question he deals with most vigorously. The brethren were talking. Dum Roma deliberate Sagunturn peril. Benjamin Frank- lin is Corresponding Secretary. Mr. Pendleton's appeal to the churches to rally to his support is a trumpet-blast: "Brethren, do we feel our mission? How many of us realize that there is a necessity laid upon us to preach the Gospel? There can be no true Christianity without the missionary spirit. We will defend this thesis against any odds and before any tribunal that acknowledges the Divine author- ity of the New Testament: there can be no true Christianity without the missionary spirit. You may talk about expediency, and higgle about North and South co-operating, and stumble at the proper man for the missionary, and theorize about prerogatives of something which you vaguely call the church — 167 i68 LIFE OF W. K. PENDLETON all this you may do till doom's day — but if these miserable subterfuges only cover up your parsimony and furnish a cloak for your godless indifference about the salvation of the lost, you are not of the spirit of Christ at all, and we have no controversy with you. We don't expect your co-operation. It is to preach the Gospel, not politics nor humanity sim- ply, but the salvation of the souls of men, to which Christ calls us. Alas for those who hamper the Gospel in the little hand-baskets with which they go about, hawking their narrow conceits about the rights of men!" He meets the objections of those who have consci- entious scruples about a distinct missionary organi- zation separate from the church, and begs these brethren to ask themselves, their own heads and hearts, "Is our missionary society distinct from the church?" "Beware," he says, "of ambiguous terms. The church, in the wide sense of the New Testament, has no organization presented to us in the Scriptures." He names Fanning and Oliphant "our geographical extremes," asks that "the heart may have a fair chance with the head, and the love of souls a little space to wrestle with the stony theo- ries on which the Gospel must ever wither without fruit," and cries, "Pocket the controversy, brethren, and pray for the cause of missions instead. Give us the aid of your wisdom, not the discouragement of your opposition. Cheer us with the hope of a cor- dial co-operation in this noble cause, even though it be under a protest against the wisdom of the plan." The war of religious newspapers was already on. The "geographical extremes" were the Gospel ILIAS MALORUM 169 Banner of Canada West, and the Gospel Advocate of Tennessee. Mr. Pendleton appeals for unity and co-operation, and urges the claims of the two mis- sions, Jerusalem and Jamaica. "We are not tena- cious about the plan," he declares, "provided that we can feel sure that somehow the work will be done. We will modify the technicalities and forms, change or abolish them altogether, if you will show us a better way, but the Gospel must be sent and preached to all possible people and lands, for this necessity is laid upon the lyord's people, and woe unto them if they do not do it!" Thus as far back as '57 the discussion of plans had begun. Men were agitating the question of the Scripturalness of an organization for missionary operation. The first mutterings of what has proven an Iliad of woes could be heard in the land. In August of this year, Mr. Pendleton makes some interesting replies in the Harbinger to a host of knotty queries that are thrown at him, some of which have been answered, right or wrong, many a time before, and some of which never have been, and perhaps never can be, answered. A brother wants to know if it is a violation of First Timothy, chapter ii., and First Peter iii., for Christians to wear gold. The editor in reply quotes First Peter iii:4, and says if this be the daily aim and effort of Christian women, he has little fear they will dress to their hurt; but if these be wanting, though the garb be humble as a beggar's, they are of no worth in the sight of the Judge. Vanity may strut in rags and humility be arrayed in purple and fine linen. In this connection he also quotes that rich utterance I70 LIFE OF W. K. PENDLETON of Seneca: "Great is lie who enjoys his earthen- ware as if it were plate, and not less great is the man to whom all his plate is no more than earthen- ware." The inquisitive brother also desires to know, "Have sisters a right to vote in the selection of church officers?" "Yes," says Mr. Pendleton, "sisters have just as much right to say yes or no in the selection of the men who are to rule over them in the intimate spiritual relations of the Christian Church, as they have in selecting their husbands. The general rule is Galatians iii:28." . Then comes that interrogatory which has added another to our Iliad of miseries, and which here for the second time in the whole history of the Harbin- ger is touched upon: "Is it in accordance with the Holy Scriptures and Christian harmony for a Chris- tian church to have an organ to assist in church music?" Mr. Pendleton replies wisely: "The ques- tion concerning the use of instrumental music in the public worship of the Christian Church is not one to be settled by Scriptural authority. It is a question to be determined by general principles and the light of experience. If it could be clearly shown that an organ tends to promote the spirit of devotion and heighten the ardor of praise and worship in the con- gregation, as a whole, then it would follow that organs should be employed. If, on the other hand, they silence the melody of the heart in the greater number, or destroy or sensualize the spiritual praise of the lyord's people, then away with them! Now either of these results may follow the use of an organ in the conduct of the church music, according to the musical taste and cultivation of the congregation, ILIAS MALORUM 171 and the choice might be made accordingly." He thinks all things should be done in love and with a gentle respect to the feelings, tastes and even preju- dices of one another, and this would be sweeter praise to Him who sits amidst the symphonies of angels and seraphim than the swelling harmonies of the best trained organs and choirs. The eighth anniversary of the American Bible Union is held this year in New York, and Mr. Pen- dleton attends its sessions and delivers the annual address. He speaks of it as a great convocation of the Lord's people. "We have never witnessed," he says, "so large an assembly of representative men from all sections of our widespread country in whose proceedings there was so little display of personal ambition and selfish aim, and so much unity of spirit and singleness of purpose and harmony of sen- timent as prevailed in this convention and distin- guished its proceedings, protracted as they were through two full days of most interesting and ani- mated sessions. The brotherly love that united the hearts of this large assemblage of Christians was very beautiful. It was enough to repay one for the trouble and expense of attending simply to enjoy the pleasure of so sweet and so pure a reunion." He contrasts the scenes of Wall Street where, amid the drowning sounds of onrushing commerce, the Moloch money was dragging to the sacrifice many a sad and reluctant human victim, and turning to ashes the earthly hopes of rich and poor, proud and humble, alike, v/ith the swelling strains of peaceful joy and heavenly hope which fill the hearts and tune the voices of the throngs of grateful, happy people vv^ho 172 LIFE OF W. K. PENDLETON are passing in and out of tlie stately old temple on Broom Street, praising God and taking sweet coun- sel together concerning his Word. He gives a full account of the work of the Union, and his own re- port as chairman of the committee on English Scrip- tures, and speaks of the anniversary meetings where these voices of counsel, encouragement and praise are heard above the din of commerce as the Oratorio of the Faithful Translation of God's Blessed Word. His splendid address delivered at this meet- ing is well worthy of careful reading by all lovers of the Bible. Mr, Pendleton also attended the State Missionary Convention of Pennsylvania which met in Allegheny in September, and is mentioned as one of those who "contributed much to the interest and edification of the brethren by their lucid and spirit-stirring ad- dresses." The college during this period was growing in favor and in the number and character of its stu- dents. Prof. A. S. Ross resigned the Chair of Lan- guages, and James S. Fall, of Kentucky, was chosen to succeed him. Mrs. Emily Tubman, of Georgia, subscribed $16,000 to the endowment of the Tub- man Chair, and Prof. Joseph Desha Pickett was ap- pointed to fill it. The faculty advanced greatly the standard of scholarship necessary to the B. A. de- gree. Mr. Pendleton tells us of the list of graduates in July, twenty-six in number, the average age is twenty-two years, showing the students of Bethany were not boys, but young men capable of receiving and required to attain a high degree of scholarship. L. A. Cutler, LB. Grubbs and E. B. Challener were ILIAS MALORUM 173 among those receiving degrees. The seventeenth session opened with every indication of prosperity. "We have never had a finer opening," says Mr. Pendleton; *'the number of students is unusually large, and from all sections of our American Union. The difficulty of access has been overcome, and stu- dents may come by rail to I^a Grange, within seven miles of the college. No institution known to us affords such and so ample facilities and aids for a thorough and first-class education upon terms so moderate. We have all the fullness and thorough- ness in our literary and scientific course of the old- est and most renowned universities of our country, with charges scarcely differing from those of acade- mies. Our endowment scheme is still going on, and the I^ord is opening the hearts of his people to help us still farther in this work." In the midst of all this prosperity, December loth, 1857, comes dire disaster — the college is burned to the ground. About two o'clock in the morning the building was discovered to be on fire. A ruddy light flashing into the sleeping apartments of some of the students at the steward's inn aroused them. So rapid was the progress of the flames that nothing could be saved. Assembled students, villagers and faculty stood by helplessly while the halls, the libra- ries of the institution, and of the three literary soci- eties, together with all the chemical and philosoph- ical apparatus, valuable manuscripts and other things of interest, were destroyed. It was supposed to be the work of an incendiary. There was no insurance on the property. Thus, in a few hours, the work of years and accumulations of hard labor and sacrifice 174 LIFE OF W. K. PENDLETON on the part of many devoted men and women were reduced to a heap of senseless ashes. It was indeed a calamity. To this young, aspiring and rapidly growing institution it seemed well-nigh irreparable. Notwithstanding the appalling nature of the misfor- tune, however, the faculty made immediate arrange- ments to prosecute the regular business of the col- lege, and fit up rooms for the different classes, so that the recitations were interrupted /or only one day. Four-fifths of the students remained. The Trustees met at once, determined that Bethany Col- lege should be immediately rebuilt, and took the fol- lowing action: "Ordered, that the President and Prof. Pendleton be and are hereby appointed to solicit in person funds for the re-erection of the col- lege, and for the purchase of library, apparatus, etc., and that they are earnestly solicited to spare no effort and lose no time in the effort to procure the requisite funds upon the best practicable terms as to early payment, and not less in amount than $50,' 000." Prof. Pendleton was also appointed, with Presi- dent Campbell and Dr. Richardson, to issue an ad- dress to the friends of Bethany College and to the friends of education, soliciting their immediate aid to re-erect upon a suitable scale the college building, and was selected as one of a committee to prepare plans and specifications for the new structure. Prompt action was also taken by the Society of the Alumni. Churches in different sections, receiving news of this great loss by telegraph, in many cases at once took subscriptions for the college, one con- gregation in Ohio, which learned on Saturday of the ILIAS MALORUM 175 disaster, pledging the next day $500. Said Mr. Campbell, now an aged and venerable man, "Breth- ren, once more mUvSt I plead the claims of Bethany College, a vital part of the instrumentalities neces- sary for carrying on our great and glorious work of religious reformation. A heavy blow has fallen upon us: our college building is in ruins, our library and apparatus are destroyed. We come to you for help." President Campbell and Vice-President Pendleton entered the field at once. Twelve days after the disaster they are in Washington City by invitation of Judge J. S. Black, of Pennsylvania, then Attor- ney-General of the United States. Mr. Campbell preached in the First Baptist Church, and addressed a large audience, the President, several members of the cabinet and many distinguished members of Congress being among his hearers. Mr. Pendleton's description of an interview between Mr. Campbell and President Buchanan is interesting: "On Tues- day evening we had the pleasure of accompanying Mr. and Mrs. Campbell and their daughters, Vir- ginia and Decima, to the White House. Judge Black and his pious and devoted Christian lady, with their accomplished daughter, gave us a wel- come introduction, and it was no ordinary pleasure to me, who had never seen Mr. Buchanan before, to sit and listen to the free and animated conversation which at once grew up between these venerable patriarchs — the one in the stormy and uncertain strifes of political life, where honors fall by accident and merit often sinks neglected to the grave; the other in the certain warfare of the Cross, in which 176 LIFE OF W. K. PENDLETON all true soldiers shall surely conquer and tlie hum- blest deed of service meet an eternal reward. "The most noticeable peculiarity in Mr. Buch- anan's personal appearance is in a quick, jerking sort of retraction that he gives to one of his shoul- ders when he first salutes one, accompanied by a correspondent adjustment of his head and eyes as though he might be preparing to level a musket at you. This is said to be owing to an unequal con- vexity in the lenses of his eyes, one of which is short-sighted, and the other natural, or long-sighted. It is necessary, therefore, to adjust them at different distances from their object. A professor of the science of optics, like myself, may, I presume, be allowed to say, without the charge of irreverence, that this is truly a scientific curiosity. The Presi- dent's friends, however, see in it only an outward index of the character of his mind which, they say, is both microscopic and telescopic; that is, I sup- pose, he examines with minute care all the details of his subject by close and individual inspection of each fact, and careful regard to every principle, and then placing himself at a commanding distance, takes a general and comprehensive survey of the whole. This is certainly high praise, for it gives Mr. Buchanan that rare combination of powers which, when possessed in high degree, always place the stamp of greatness upon a man. We find many gifted with the power of analysis, the microscopic power of the mind, and not infrequently high powers of generalization, the telescopic power — but it is among the rarest products of nature that these are combined in high degree in the same person, and ILIAS MALORUM 177 never does she send us sucli a gift but for rare and signal service to humanity." He describes the manner of the President as ex- ceedingly cordial, and concludes that he is sincerely laboring in his high and responsible position for the greatest good of the greatest number by rigid faith- fulness to the Constitution, and an enlarged and conservative policy on the stormy question of sec- tional difference. He is impressed with the elegant American ease and simplicity with which Miss L^ane, the President's niece, presides at the White House. "She seems to be so cheerful, so full of American welcome, so democratic in her grace, and so aristo- cratic in her good manners, that one can readily im- agine himself on a visit to the hall of his ancestors, and greeted by a noble daughter of the line as a re- spected kinsman on a welcome pilgrimage to the ancestral home." He meets here "Brother Carpen- ter and lady. Brother Johnson and lady," and D. S. Burnet, who had been for some days laboring in the city as usual in behalf of the Lord's people, "cher- ishing no small hope that he could succeed in effect- ing a union between our brethren of Washington City and the members of Dr. Teasdale's Baptist con- gregation." He visits the Smithsonian Institution, the National greenhouse, and the splendid halls of the National Capitol. He tells of an interview with Prof. Henry, who "received Mr. Campbell with great respect, and entered at once into a very suc- cinct but satisfactory recital of the objects and de- signs of the institution, closing, by way of illustra- tion, with a brief survey of his map of meteorolog- ical stations, and a clear and very interesting sketch 12 178 LIFE OF W. K. PENDLETON of the 'Storm Theory,' which he hopes fully to make out and to apply to the explanation of the weather changes that take place apparently so capri- ciously in our country." He is specially taken up with the aquarium. From the greenhouse he sends to his wife, to whom this letter is written, a beautiful bud which he plucked with his own fingers, in memoriara, and a leaf of the cinnamon tree, "for whose exquisite fra- grance you must thank Brother Burnet." The Cap- itol building greatly impresses him. For beauty of proportion, grandeur of outline and magnificent di- mensions, he thinks the world affords no parallel, but expresses a doubt whether a refined taste will not ultimately decide the decorations of the hall of the House of Representatives too gaudy, too elabo- rate in ornament, and too glittering with tinsel and gilt for the country and people whom they represent. On this tour Mr. Pendleton spends Christmas in Baltimore with G. W. Morling. Christmas eve he met with the Disciples in their prayer-meeting. G. W. Elley has just closed his year's service as their minister. Romanism he thinks a terrible power in Baltimore, and speaks of the floral decora- tions, incense, music and mummery displayed at the Cathedral. He visited here the manufacturers of philosophical instruments, and found a very superior set of apparatus, purchased by a wealthy amateur for his own private use, and offered by his executors for sale, which he secured for Bethany College. On the Lord's day he preached for the brethren, and then went on to Philadelphia. Here he is with Dr. Barclay and William Rouzee, and on the eve of the ILIAS MALORUM 179 new year he leaves for New York, and is for several days the guest of Br. E. Parmley in Bond Street. In New York Mr. Pendleton makes his first new year's call. He visits the Museum of Art, and de- scribes Rosa Bonheur's Horse Fair and Denizens of the Highlands; he thinks of her in the department of the Fine Arts as Shakespeare among the drama- tists. He attends the Sunday-school anniversary of the church on Seventeenth Street, and speaks to the children. Special note he makes during his stay in the city of any such edifices as might suggest any- thing useful towards the model of a new college building for Bethany. The claims of the college are urged during this visit to the Eastern cities, and substantial aid is secured for the institution. In July the corner-stone of the new building is laid, Mr. Campbell delivering the address, beginning with the words, "Circles have their centers, squares their rectangles, and all terrestrial edifices their cor- ner-stone." He announces that through the liber- ality of the people "we have now going up a beau- tiful building which will be ready for use next ses- sion. This building, however, is designed for soci- ety halls and library, and will only be used for col- lege purposes until we can complete our main college edifice. We have spared no pains to project every- thing upon the most improved models of architec- tural taste and convenience. The Gothic has been adopted as the style most fitly expressive of the in- spiring nature of the Christian's aims and hopes. During a few months of labor given last winter to the task of raising means over #30,000 were prom- ised." July 2d the seventeenth commencement was i8o LIFE OF W. K. PENDLETON held in Bethany Church. There are twenty-four graduates, and such names appear in the list as W. T. Moore, Jephtha Hobbs, J. C. Miller, H. S. Karl and J. Z. Taylor. Mr. Pendleton attends the fall anniversary of the A. C. M. S. in Cincinnati, Ohio, and delivers one of the addresses. He gives a most interesting account of the personnel and deliberations of the convention. John Smith, Walter Scott, John Rodgers, James Henshall, James Challen, John Longley, Harrison Jones, Elijah Goodwin, Pettigrew, Fall, Arnold, Dearborn, Procter, Myers, Munnell, Pinkerton and Brooks were some of the men present. He is domi- ciled with the Mayor, R. M. Bishop. "Given to hospitality," he says, "seems written over No. 95, corner of College and Seventh. I find our brother a Bishop by name, almost a bishop of the church, and the President Bishop of the city over whose council he presides with efficiency and respect — a man whose integrity and Napoleon energy and Christian devotion make him the people's choice as a public servant — a prince among merchants, as a man of business and a pillar in the church, as a benevolent and consistent Christian." Isaac Errett, Corresponding Secretary, reports at this meeting $7,000 in cash collections, and as much more pledged, the Jerusalem Mission fully provided for, the Jamaica Mission liberally sustained, and several home missions projected and partly estab- lished. "Kansas Territory" was specially recom- mended to the attention of the churches as a field of great promise. CHAPTER XVI ALMA MATER REDIDIVA The year 1859 saw the new college building rise out of the ashes of its predecessor. Walter & Wil- son, of Cincinnati, were the architects employed, but the plans and the elevation were all carried out under Mr. Pendleton's supervision, and, practically, the whole was the creation of his own mind. He almost literally watched every brick go into it, much of the work being done in the summer vacation. He chose the style, collegiate Gothic, and risked the long, low building — the length to give the cor- ridor — because he knew that both would be effective on the brow of the college hill. The corridor he in- tended for just what it has become — a place of two- fold advantage — where the brain may be rested, ani- mated by a breath of fresh air as the student passes from one recitation to another, and where the whole student body might congregate in hours of recrea- tion to walk and talk and sing. No doubt for the old student its length is trod by more and sweeter memories than any other place connected with his Bethany life. The tramp and the voices as the boys pour out of the class rooms he can hear. The cheers and hilarity and boisterous good humor of the happy crowd when the bell rang at the closing hour of morning and the announcement of dinner still sound in his ears. The moonlight promenade and the sweet college songs they loved to sing he can 181 1 82 LIFE OF W. K. PENDLETON vividly recall. The animated scenes on the even- ings of special "performances," or during the fes- tivities of commencement week, continue to pass be- fore him, and even the memory of tenderer things in the shadow of the pillars, or in the fitful moon- light between them, may yet delightfully come be- fore his mental vision. Among his many accomplishments, Mr. Pendleton had a practical knowledge of the architect's calling. His eye for straight lines is recalled to-day by men who as boys worked under him. One of these, when quite a boy, was helping his father, Mr. James Wells, in the building of an addition to the Pendle- ton house. The Professor, quickl)'- observing an un- usual natural aptitude which showed itself even in the simple work that he was doing, said, "You ought to go to college and fit j^ourself for something better than you are doing. You have the talent." "I wish you would make father think so," was the quick answer. Mr. Pendleton soon persuaded Mr. Wells to give Edgar this chance. The boy spent a short time in college studying chiefly mathematics; later he became the leading architect in Wheeling, and at his death, some ten years ago, the press notices of his life said that he had given Wheeling, which he found a severely ugly manufacturing town, the first of its pretty homes. Mr. Pendleton could draw the working plans of a building and superin- tend the builders in all their departments. He drew the plans for bis own home, both for the original structure and when it was remodeled to its present condition. Old citizens, craftsmen of the village and farmers of the neighborhood, in loving reminis- ALMA MATER REDIDIVA 183 cence, deliglit to tell how he understood their busi- ness, and none are so prompt to be disgusted with the man of books v/ho has read a little about their calling and assumes to tell them how they ought to pursue it. The beautiful little church at Eustis, Florida, was his last piece of work. The contractor, Mr. Ross, a citizen of the town, grew to love him with tenderest affection, and after the completion of the structure, through Mr. Pendleton's influence united with the church. A good description of the new college building appears in the Cincinnati Gazette in May of this year: "One of the most imposing college buildings in the United States is in progress of erection for the use of Bethany College, Brooke County, Va. The architects, Messrs. Walter & Wilson, of this city, have shown us drawings of the buildings in detail, and although it is not to be extravagantly expensive, yet it will be a magnificent edifice. The exterior design is calculated to make it show to the best ad- vantage, and the interior arrangement embraces some new and desirable features. The structure, when finished, will present a continuous front of 420 feet; 193 feet of the center of the building will be two stories high, and in the rear of the central or main entrance there will be a tower 22 feet square and 96 feet high, surmounted by a spire I23 feet from the ground. At the extreme right of the building is a wing occupying about sixty feet of the front, extending back 80 feet, and two stories high. This portion of the building is already up, and each story is divided into two society halls and two libra- ries. The second story is finished with an open i84 LIFE OF W. K. PENDLETON timbered roof and frescoed. At the left end of the structure is to be the chapel, measuring 43 feet on the front and extending back 112 feet. In the rear of the first story of the main building there will be an open corridor 14 feet wide, and extending 308 feet from the chapel to the right wing. This hall is to be 14 feet high in the clear, supported by but- tresses and flagged with stone. There are to be five front entrances: the central one opens into a hall 19 feet wide and extending through across the long cor- ridor to the main staircase. On either side of this hall is a room 18 by 26 feet; one is the reception room, and the other the President's room, which is provided with a small adjoining room, containing a fire-proof safe or vault. On either side of the main staircase is a students' room, each 18 by 20 feet. The balance of the first story is divided into two lecture rooms, each 22 by 38 feet, two class rooms, each 27 by 30 feet, professors' rooms, apparatus rooms, etc. The second story is divided into two class rooms, each 26 by 30 feet, a library room, 41 by 58 feet, a museum, 25 by 41 feet, curator's room, 25 by 41 feet, and four professors' and tutors' rooms. In the basement is a large laboratory, the janitor's residence, fuel rooms, etc. The style of the art is collegiate Gothic, and the irregular outline, with the tower and finials, gives a very pleasing effect. The walls are to be of brick, and roofs covered with the best description of Pennsylvania slate. Doors and window-sills, lintels and hoods, steps, flagging, cornices, wall and tower coping, roof crotchets, finials, gargoyle blocks, and all outside molded and ornamental work are to be of freestone. The in- ALMA MATER REDIDIVA 185 terior woodwork is to be of white pine, and all the carpenter work, as well as every other department, is to be done in the best manner." Mr. Pendleton says at the close of the college ses- sion: *'We congratulate the friends of the college on the rapid progress we are making in our new edi- fice. More than 150 feet front of this beautiful and majestic pile will be ready for our next session. Nearly one hundred workmen are steadily plying the chisel, the trowel and the plane, and pinnacle, tower and spire are rising rapidly toward the heavens. It will be a source of pleasure in after years to every good man to feel that he has contrib- uted something to this noble monument of Christian gratitude and benevolence. So far the enterprise has been generously aided by a very large class of brethren. We shall regret if any portion of our brotherhood suffers the work to go on to its comple- tion without participating in the honor of its erec- tion. We shall need the co-operation of the liberal and good; 176 feet front we have yet to provide for. Let the new buildings of Bethany College rise as a monument to the zeal, faithfulness and public-spir- ited Christian generosity and benevolence of the three hundred thousand Christians which it repre- sents, and her libraries, apparatus, museums and general endowment bespeak the large and compre- hensive interest in true learning which character- izes us as a people! When we look at the rapidly expanding proportions of the new building as it rises daily before our eyes, and think of the very small period of time since the same site was covered with a shapeless pile of gloomy ruins, the remains of 1 86 LIFE OF W. K. PENDLETON the old college, we feel that it is tlie doing of a wise and gracious Providence, and should therefore excite the warmest gratitude and liveliest hopes of his peo- ple. To his honor and glory, in the good of his cause and church, be it ever dedicated, and the labors of the good and generous who have co-oper- ated in its completion will be more than requited. To God and his saints we commend the care and keeping of Bethany College now, henceforth and forever!" In a short talk to the students one Monday morn- ing of the summer that he died, Mr. Pendleton said, referring to the college building, that it had been intended to be a monument to Alexander Campbell, not only in its usefulness, but in its beauty. It was, when built, no doubt the most beautiful college building in the country. Indeed, it was often said by visitors to be the only college edifice in the land with any claim to architectural beauty. When Pro- fessor A. E. Dolbear, a man who had traveled much and was well versed in such matters, came to be Professor of Natural Sciences at the college, and was delivering his inaugural address after the morning chapel service, he held a catalogue in his hand, having opened it at the picture of the buildings, and, holding the face to the audience said, "There is not such a college building as that in the United States!" "To God and his saints we commend the care and keeping of Bethany College now, henceforth and forever!" How these words should ring in our ears to-day! How sacred is the heritage of the Disciples of Christ in this honored institution of learning! ALMA MATER REDIDIVA 187 How immeasurable the debt of the advocates of this nineteenth century movement for the restoration of primitive Christianity and the union of God's peo- ple to Bethany College! How precious the tradi- tions and memories, and how inspiring the history and genius of this quiet spot among the everlasting hills! How the noble names of Campbell and Pen- dleton should be forever memorialized in the liberal, enlarged and permanent endowment of this ancient school of the prophets! The closing scenes of the eighteenth session of Bethany College were perhaps the most interesting and encouraging the institution had ever witnessed. The exercises of the occasion were held in the Church, and throughout were attended by large and attentive audiences. The societies vied with each other in the variety and excellence of their "per- formances," marshaling their most gifted and culti- vated members, and giving such exhibitions of scholarship and eloquence as were most creditable to the institution and satisfactory to the public. A more devoted band of students never attended the school. Alma mater to them meant no unmeaning expression of formal and unfelt relationship, but a real title of an honored literary and scientific nursing mother, whose fostering care they were ready to re- quite with generous gratitude, and whose misfor- tunes, with a liberality and munificence worthy of themselves and of her, they were anxious and eager promptly to repair. They nobly co-operated with trustees and faculty in 'replacing her losses and re- building on a larger and broader scale the founda- tions of her usefulness and fame. For elegance and i88 LIFE OF W. K. PENDLETON good taste in furniture, and completeness and fitness in all appointments, the society halls were not equaled probably by any others in the Union, and this was the work of the students. Over two thou- sand volumes of the choicest works of home and European authorship were purchased as the nuclei of their library. The graduating class was the largest in the history of the institution. Thirty-two received the Bachelor's Degree, among them M. B. McKeever, Robert Moffett, B. H. Smith and Hiram Warriner. Addresses were delivered in Greek, Latin, Hebrew and Spanish, as well as the English tongue. Professors Milligan and Richardson retired from the faculty. To fill vacancies in the Board of Trustees, T. W. Caskey, R. M. Bishop, James W. Goss, C. W. Russell, J. S. Lamar and Albert Allen were selected. Prof. J. D. Pickett was elected to the chair of Rhetoric and English, Prof. Charles J. Kemper to the chair of Mathematics and Astronomy, Dr. Hiram Christopher to the chair of Natural History and Physiology, and Dr. P. W. Mosblech to the depart- ment of Modern and Oriental Languages. The fac- ulty was full and complete, composed of seven pro- fessors, besides an adjunct corps of assistant tutors in the various schools requiring extra labor. Mr. Pendleton attended a number of conventions this year. He accompanied Mr. Campbell in his tour through Kentucky in November, '58, and writes most entertainingly in the Harbinger of '59 of their experiences. They entered the State at Cov- ington, then a city of 25,000, with its first suspen- sion bridge to the Queen City in process of erection. They visited Petersburg, and Burlington, where ALMA MATER REDIDIVA 189 Thomas Campbell had taught school many years be- fore, and then by rail went to Kvansville, Indiana, and by boat to Henderson. From this point they had to go by private conveyance to Hopkinsville, "distance seventy-five miles by line, but about sixty hours by time." "It is a time-honored adage, ^Speak nothing but good of the dead,' " writes Mr. Pendleton, "and in the spirit of it I forbear to say a word of this road, this interval of peril between Henderson on the Ohio River, and Hopkinsville in the center of southwestern Kentucky. We had a team that the spirit of Jehu could not have quick- ened; a carriage open to 'a' the airts the wind can blaw,' and a driver that ' seemed to have been brought up on the proverb that a merciful man is merciful to his beast, and we made only twenty-two miles the first day." They finally reached their destination in good time for the convention. He speaks of meeting many Bethany students here and some of the old Virginia friends and neighbors of other days. "It made me feel quite a boy again, for it threw me back into the relations of thirty years ago. I always feel so when I stand up to speak in the church of my boyhood's fathers. The sense of their presence and of all around me threw me back into the days of pupilage, and I cannot di- vest myself of the impression that I am assuming to be a teacher when I ought to stand as a learner. ' ' The feast of reason and flow of soul, the goodly fel- lowship and good work of the convention are de- tailed with interest. The State meeting in Missouri in September was also attended by him. Jacob Creath presided over I90 LIFE OF W. K. PENDLETON this convention, and among those who participated in its deliberations were John Smith, D. S. Burnet, J. W. McGarvey, Alexander Procter, T. M. Allen, L. B. Wilkes and J. K. Rogers. The conventions of these days seem to have been largely mass meetings in which preaching and general discussion consumed the larger part of the time. There were reports of treasurer and sundry standing committees, and then the brethren considered "the propriety of employing one or more State Evangelists, the rec- ommendation of some weekly religious newspaper for general circulation, and the educational interests of the brotherhood." The treasurer at this meeting, A. Procter, reported receipts for the year $318.75. There seemed to be no general plan of co-operation. One of the first actions taken was the appointment of a committee on publication, with instructions to print 3,000 copies of the minutes of the convention. The usual resolution was passed announcing the presence of Brother W. K. Pendleton, and inviting him to participate in the exercises of the meeting. A report on female orphan school was presented, appointing trustees for such an institution. Pledges were taken for general work amounting to $234, and an appeal made for money to educate two young men for the ministry. The report on religious newspaper recommended The American Christian Review, published by Benjamin Franklin. The brother who would be one of a hundred to raise $50,- 000 for a benevolent fund came to the front. Reso- lutions were passed indorsing Bethany College and expressing sympathy with its venerable President and its faculty in the calamity which had befallen ALMA MATER REDIDIVA 191 the institution, and urging tlie brotherhood through- out the State to aid in the re-erection of the college edifice. In fact, many resolutions were offered, and all are reported as "carried." There seems to have been little business done, but these brethren were, after all, laying the foundations for the noble edifice whose imposing proportions may now be seen far and wide, and which will be not the least notable of the wonders of the great International Exposition in honor of the Louisiana Purchase. As usual Mr. Pendleton is present at the annual meeting of the A. C. M. S. in October. Mr. Camp- bell is absent, and William P. Stratton presides. W. K. Pendleton, D. S. Burnet and James Challen are appointed a committee on business, and they report, appointing Burnet to preach the first even- ing, and Procter and Lard the second evening, and fixing the business hours of the convention. Isaac Errett makes his annual statement as corresponding secretary, showing receipts for the year $8,500. He has received pledges in two years of $22,000. The Jerusalem and Jamaica Missions, and home work in Nova Scotia and New Brunswick, in Maine and Michigan, are the matters discussed in the report, and the great and growing West, neglected East, and China, Japan and Africa, receive the usual share of attention. The salary of the corresponding secre- tary in these primitive times was $1,200; Jerusalem received $2,000, and Jamaica $1,200, and $1,185 went for the home field. Mr. Pendleton was made chairman of the committee on "Established Mis- sions" in this convention, and also continued as one of the Board of Managers. In his report for the 192 LIFE OF W. K. PENDLETON committee he dwells upon the importance of the work of Dr. Barclay, and says: "As the eye of the Hebrew mother lingered about the spot where the infant Moses lay amidst the perils of the Nile, so with the nurturing fondness of a true mother's heart does the Church of Christ look to this tender child of hope, as the agent under God in whom Israel shall yet find deliverance, and the walls of Zion once more arise in the beauty of holiness." He thinks the work of Mr. Beardsley in Jamaica should be sus- tained generously, "as the missionary college for the future demands of the gradually opening fields in the great circle of the tropics." He declares, "We have no established home mission," and while spec- ifying no particular fields that the committee would recommend to the executive board, says: "Do not neglect the Bast. The wave that is rolling on over the West has its rising in the East. Whilst we would scatter with a broad and liberal hand over the stream, let us also drop precious seeds into the foun- tain." G. W. Blley and Benjamin Franklin are his associates on this committee. This was, as yet, the greatest anniversary of the society, in attendance, liberality of contributions and unanimity of spirit. Such men as John Smith, Walter Scott, Samuel and John Rodgers, D. S. Burnet, R. C. Ricketts, James Challen, A. S. Hayden, J. Harrison Jones and Dr. W. E. Belding were there. Mr. Pendleton tells of the presence of several brethren of great and de- served prominence "who have hitherto not felt fully reconciled to the basis upon which the co-operation was formed. They saw and felt that, whatever they had feared, this work is all of the Lord and pre-emi- ALMA MATER REDIDIVA 193 nently suited to carry on the great labor of convert- ing the world." "For the first time since the organization of the society," he says, "we had the pleasure of welcoming to its deliberations Brother T. Fanning, President of Franklin College, Tennes- see. We trust that his co-operation will henceforth be as cordial and unqualified as his bearing in this meeting was conciliatory and courteous. With the future concurrence of Brother Fanning and the hearty and unreserved support of such men as Brethren Ricketts and Klley, we feel the friends of the society have much reason to hope for a greatly increased prosperity in its affairs. We fervently pray that the time may speedily come when the brethren will all be of one heart and one speech on the subject of missions. This indeed is the great commission of the church: 'Go ye into all the world and preach the Gospel unto every creature.' What a glorious and wide call is this to the latent energies of three hundred thousand heralds of the cross! And now that we are beginning to stir ourselves mightily for a gigantic effort, who can feel it in his heart to hold back or whisper a word of discouragement to those that are toiling in the whitening fields of this world-wide labor?" This was ever the spirit of W. K. Pendleton. While full of zeal for all the advanced and organized efforts of his brethren in the cause of miissions, he was always considerate and just in dealing with those who could not lend their approval and offer- ings to the missionary societies. He held in high esteem Benjamin Franklin, of the Review, whom he regarded as a strong man, though in some respects a 13 194 LIFE OF W. K. PENDLETON narrow one. On one occasion he entertained him at his home for a lengthy visit, and with all their differences on the questions then agitating the church, they were brethren. Mr, Pendleton contributes the usual quota of able articles to the Harbinger for this year. "Socinian- ism" is one of his topics; "Revival in Great Britain" is another, and many shorter articles, among thera a tender sketch of "Little Jimmy," a child of Prof. Pickett, "a heavenly-eyed boy of budding hope." "His little world of thought seemed ensphered in the conscious presence of God, and so he died, drop- ping from the arms of his parents into the embrace of his Savior. Sweet boy! If I^azarus was borne on the wings of angels to Abraham's bosom, our faith may fondly follow thee in thy glad ascent amid echoes of welcoming harmonies to thy peace- ful home." The volume closes with a lengthy and comprehen- sive statement from his pen, clear and strong as a trumpet-note, covering all the work of the Disciples in the great fields of education, benevolence, mis- sions and literature, entitled "Our Progress and Prospects. ' ' CHAPTER XVII STORM AND STRESS The year i860 marked the opening of a never- to-be-forgotten period in the nation's history. Rum- blings of a great upheaval could be distinctly heard. In April and May the great party conventions were held to nominate candidates for president and vice- president. I^incoln was elected in November, and on the 20th of December South Carolina passed the ordinance of secession. The country was drifting into the most terrible civil war in all time. Every section felt the premonition of the coming conflict. Even such quiet and remote communities, peculiarly devoted to the cultivation of the arts of peace, as the little village of Bethany, could not fail to share in the common anxiety. But one does not learn from the Millennial Harbinger that its peaceful waters are stirred. That journal had always stu- diously avoided political discussions. A single note comes to us to show how intense is the feeling every- where. A reference to Mr. Pendleton's article on Our Progress and Prospects, which expresses the fear that some institution is "too much tinctured with the fanatical sectionalism of politico-religious abolitionism" calls forth protests, and Mr. Pendle- ton replies. "Hitherto," he declares, "our breth- ren have successfully withstood every effort to divide them into exclusive fellowships on the unscriptural basis of North and South. I trust that the great 195 196 LIFE OF W. K. PENDLETON principles of union for which we have so long stood in unbroken column will never be abandoned for the shifting sand-waste of opinion as to political or social institutions of any kind. Let us remember that anti-Christ is the power in the church ever rising up against the church, and beware of those v/ho seek to divide us. I hold politics apart from Christianity. The principles of fellowship and co- operation of the two are generically different, so that we may be divided in the one and united in the other. Miserable and lame indeed is that Christian- ity which halts in its sublime mission of converting the world before the paltry and ephemeral distinc- tion of republican and democrat. The morality of the Bible must become the moving power in the polity of the land, but Christianity is not secular. Her ministers cannot, with propriety, embroil them- selves with the conflict of party politics. They must not bring politics into the pulpit, nor must they allow politics to bring them upon the stump." During the current year he gives much attention to Messrs. Russell and Carman, who had been "bot- tling moonshine" on the question of the operation of the Holy Spirit, a subject which Mr. Pendleton always handled with great clearness and force. A protracted meeting at Bethany he reports conducted "by our zealous and laborious brother, Benjamin Franklin, editor of the Christian Review," and speaks of his earnest and instructive treatment of great questions. This was in May, Forty souls were added, twenty-two of them students of the col- lege. Seventy-two of the students of that year are professing Christians. He mentions especially the STORM AND STRESS 197 piety and influence of the Adelphian Society. The college, during this notable year, had a pros- perous session. Mr. Campbell reports liberal dona- tions. Twenty-two young men received diplomas. In the groves of the academy there was no note of discord. Mr. Pendleton spends the vacation in Virginia, preaching and presenting the claims of the college. He rests awhile at Cuckoo, where his venerable mother still lives, now seventy-three years old, and still sound and vigorous in mind and body. He visits a number of churches and conventions, mentions Coleman, Goss, Walthall, Parrish, Mc- Chesney, Cutler, and other leaders of the day. A part of the time is spent with James W. Goss at Piedmont Seminary, and he attends the Baptist As- sociation near by. His comments on Dr. Sampson, of Columbia College, John A. Broadus and James B. Taylor, whom he met here, are striking. He also visits Charlottesville, the University, and Monticello. Few relics of Jefferson are left. A bust in plaster of the statesman in one corner of the great hall, and another in the dining room of the brilliant but shameless Voltaire, he mentions. "Looking upon the faces of these two men," he says, "it is difficult to conceive how they could in any way have assim- ilated. The calm, benignant, far-seeing, philo- sophic face of the American statesman, one Vv^ould think, would have been a perpetual reproach to the narrow, cynical, sardonic grin which lends its light only to expose more fully the native ugliness of the mean-minded Frenchm.an. It is only because on religious subjects they think alike, and in their way 198 LIFE OF W. K. PENDLETON stand almost alone in the realm of gifted minds. Even the fellowship of folly and the brotherhood of infidelity have their bonds of union. The noble Jefferson and the ignoble Voltaire send greetings through a common spite, and the philosopher smiles with the chuckling cynic over the imaginary wounds inflicted upon Christianity." He attended the general co-operation meeting in Virginia in September, which assembled at Bowling Green, in Caroline County, held its sessions in the Episcopal church, and pledged that year $3,000 for general work. He is also present at the anniversary of the A. C. M. S., October 23-25, in Cincinnati, and speaks of it as the largest gathering the society had known. "It was feared," he says, "that the unusual political excitement everywhere prevailing v^^ould interfere alike vnth. the size and spirit of the convention, but such fears were disappointed. Brethren from fifteen different states and territories assembled, deliberated, acted, v/orshiped, wept and rejoiced together in a common cause in most perfect harmony. Not one discordant note was heard." The receipts of the year were $15,836.15, nearly double those of the year before; twenty-four new congregations were or- ganized by the missionaries, and twelve thousand added to the church. The pledges for the coming year were twice as large as those of former years. Campbell, Milligan and Pettigrew were the speak- ers, who addressed great audiences in the Sixth Street Church, which, "with tears, prayers and pious ejaculations responded to every acceptable utterance of the speakers. Our brethren, young and STORM AND STRESS 199 old, were all baptized in one spirit and were all over- flowing with tenderness and love." This was the general convention, let it be remembered, when the nation was trembling on the verge of war between the states; and while every religious body in the land was torn asunder by the awful passions of the hour, the Disciples of Christ were never divided. Mr. Pendleton's faithfulness to the conventions of the brotherhood is worthy of emphasis. To the last he loved the fellowship and wor^ of these assemblies, and never neglected them. His example and coun- sel on this score were always beneficial. No man can disregard the conventions of the church and not find himself the loser. "Brethren who have never attended one of these conventions," he declares, "can not know how much they miss. It relieves the dreary marches of our pilgrimage to sit down together around these gushing springs in the desert and sing the songs of Zion. It is good for the veteran, because, while recounting the trials of the way, he can also rejoice in the triumphs which have been achieved. It is good for the young sol- dier of the cross, for amid illustrious examples of heroic men, he will catch the spirit that bore them patiently and successfully through their toils, and go forth a purer and a nobler man." The year 1861 opened with the whole country- ablaze. Perhaps no year in the world's history has been so pregnant of events meaning much in the story of human progress. Lincoln came to the White House in March. Fort Sumter was bom- barded in April. Big Bethel was fought in June, and Bull Run in July. Grim visaged war had the 20O LIFE OF W. K. PENDLETON nation by the throat. Mr. Pendleton has a noble article in the Harbinger entitled "A Plea for Peace." "What," he asks, "is the business of war? It is to kill human beings. This is the deliberate calculation. To this end look all the preparations. The rifle and the musket, the bayonet and the sword, the bowie knife and the revolver, the cannon, the cartridge, the practice and drill of the soldier — all these are ingeniously contrived and elaborately executed to do well and surely this one end and aim of the battle. Is not this a serious business? Is not this an awful business? Prima facie, is it not a horribly wicked business? Without some high ab- solving reason, can it be right? Is it anything less than wanton, wholesale murder that will ciy unto heaven in the day of judgment against the soul that is guilty of it?" The trustees of the college hold their annual meeting in July, but there are few from a distance. Only four graduates receive degrees. Among the honorary list is J. A. Garfield, on whom is conferred the degree of Master of Arts. The impression hav- ing gone out that the college would suspend the next session, the Board gives the rumor a prompt and decisive correction. "They have no idea," says Mr. Campbell, "of allowing the college to be sus- pended. They are compelled to make some changes in the corps of instructors because of the reduction of patronage during the present disturbances of the country, but the work will go on. Professors Pen- dleton, Loos and Mosblech have been retained, and no part of the land is more peaceful and retired from the angry contentions that are now distracting peo- STORM AND STRESS 201 pie than Bethany." Mr. Pendleton discusses the ordination of elders, church discipline and other irenic themes in the Harbinger. With the opening of '63 he announces that Beth- any College is "still working." "Our class," he says, "is not so large as usual, but in all other re- spects full of promise and hope. Bethany is truly an asylum of letters and peace to which all may come who desire to escape from the perils of the civil strife which is now raging over the land, and to devote the precious hours to the preparation of their heads and hearts for the future and bloodless victories of science, freedom, and the truth in Christ. To all who have promised us money to complete the college building we beg leave to say we are in debt for the work done upon the building, and we must pay. If they have promised even a single dollar, we entreat them to send it forward." Mr. Camp- bell writes: "We at Bethany, in common with all the colleges in Virginia, and indeed in all the south, are almost reduced to a shadow compared with by- gone days and years. Martial glory and military splendor have usurped the throne of literature, science and religion." In July there are five graduates, among them John L. Hunt and T. T. Holton. The whole of the magnificent college edifice, except the great hall, is under roof and enclosed. Throughout the sad and distressing agitations and perils of the country, the college has had the fullest exemption from disturb- ance or annoyance of any kind, and the prospect for the future presents no fear of interruption to the present peace and social harmony. Easy of access, 202 LIFE OF W. K. PENDLETON healthy and free from civil and military strife, the student can here give his head and heart to the labors and delights of literature and science without distraction. As usual, Mr. Pendleton attends the A. C. M. S. which met in Cincinnati in October. The attendance is not so large as at former meetings, but harmony and good feeling prevail. "The love of many waxes cold," he says, "and the spirit of the world is overshadowing the church to a degree that alarms the stoutest faith. Surely our faith is not vain; the Lord does rule." His pen deals with such themes in the Harbinger as "Ordination," "Communion with the Sects," "A New Translation of Matthew," and "Church Discipline." There is little reference to the awful conflict then raging. In the opening number of his journal for '63, Mr. Campbell says: "The question is frequently asked, Will the Harbinger be continued for another year? Indeed, we learn that in many places it is supposed that both the Harbinger and Bethany College have been suspended. To these we would say, despite all the drawbacks and hindrances of these gloomy and heart-sickening times, which have fallen so heavily upon all the enterprises of Christian benevolence and hope, we are still, though cast down, not utterly forsaken, but laboring on without, it is true, the en- couragement and support of many who, in former years of toil and trial, stood so nobly by us, yet with the sustaining power of an unfaltering faith in the help and the blessing of Him whose Spirit has so long been our comforter and support, and whose service still calls us to the duties of the foremost ranks in the army of his kingdom. Professor W. STORM AND STRESS 203 K. Pendleton, so long identified with us in all the interests and trusts committed to us by the confi- dence and liberality of a generous brotherhood, whether in relation to the Harbinger or the college, will continue, as heretofore, to be my constant co- operant and fellow servant to the public, and though, like myself, with no hope of pecuniary reward, will take upon himself the labor and responsibility of my only co-editor." Early in the year, Mr. Pendleton visits Detroit and assists at the dedication of the new church opened through the liberality of Richard Hawley and Colin Campbell, and together with Eli Regal and R. M. Bishop, he ordained these brethren as deacons and Isaac Errett as pastor of the church. He writes vigorously in the different issues of the Harbinger on the "Jewish Sabbath," on the timely topic, "Praying for Our Enemies," on "Trine Im- mersion," and on "The Qualification of Preachers," and reviews the life of John T. Johnson and Camp- bell's "Lectures and Addresses." The college com- mencement came in regular order. There were four graduated with the B. A. degree. With the year 1864, Mr. Campbell's name appears for the last time as editor of the Millennial Harbin- ger. The preface to this volume is his last. The sunset, of life, with its mystical lore of foreseeing, has come. For forty-one years he has been editor. He feels the demand of multiplied years for some respite from the wide and varied calls of his respon- sible position. He would be free from worldly cares, from relations for which he feels a growing distaste and give himself only to such exercises as befit his 204 LIFE OF W. K. PENDLETON years and declining powers. "I have not only writ- ten much and endured much contradiction of sin- ners, but in travels, in speaking and thinking, in feeling and in suffering for the interests of our noble cause, I may say with the great Apostle, my life has in no small degree, 'superabounded.' The Harbinger, henceforth, will be conducted and pub- lished by my long and well-approved associate and co-laborer in many works, Professor W. K. Pendle- ton. I need not say that I have the fullest confi- dence in his fidelity and ability. He has been my co-editor for twenty years, and it is needless for me to say anything in special commendation of his scholarship, his enlarged Christian knowledge, his sound judgment, his great prudence, his temperate disposition, his firmness and fixedness of principle, his lifelong devotion to the broadest and most per- manent interests of our cause, and his high moral courage in proclaiming and defending the principles of apostolic Christianity. He has been my reliable counsellor in much of the labor of my life and my constant and unswerving co-operant in all the great interests of the cause for which we plead. It is with peculiar gratification that I find him thus prepared and willing to go on with the work from which I feel that it is time for me to retire; and it is my earnest prayer that a generous and confiding brother- hood will hold up his hands and give him courage and confidence to persevere to the end." *'This communication from our venerable and be- loved Father Campbell," says Mr. Pendleton, "can- not be read by any one who has felt the magic power of his pen, without a sense of sorrow and sadness. STORM AND STRESS 205 It is some alleviation that he does not take final leave of his mighty labors, and still more that his plea for retirement is reasonable and just. Like the Greeks before Troy, onr venerable Nestor is still among ns, and if need be, can still hurl the lance or sway the council as war or wisdom may call for his aid " He has an almost painful responsibihty m assuming his new task, but believes the Great Mas- ter has laid it upon him and trusts to His help and guidance and throws himself upon the generous en- couragement and support of a brotherhood to which he has never appealed in vain. He takes the Har- binger at a discouraging time: "The mighty army of r'eaders that once stood in unbroken ranks about it have most of them straggled or deserted. We succeed to shattered columns, but it is not without hope that they will rally to the old signal.'' The subjects treated by Mr. Pendleton's pen during the year are many and varied. "McGarvey on Acts, < 'Type-Teaching," "Pew-Renting and Organ Music " "Shall Women Exhort in Public?" "God- liness " "The A. C. M. Society," "The Tree of Life,'' "The Parable of the Ten Virgins," are some of his themes. . , . -. An interesting sketch he gives of Archbishop Whateley, who died about this time. He was a warm admirer of this great and singularly gifted man Two anecdotes he relates of the distinguished author and prelate that are worth rememberiug. Whateley was quite a punster, and about six months before his death happened to sit beside Dr. John Gregg, Bishop of Cork, at a dinner party, and called UDon the Bishop to pass the wine, saying, "Though 2o6 LIFE OF W. K. PENDLETON you are John Cork, you mustn't stop the bottle!" Bishops signed the name of the diocese instead of their surnames; thus Dr. Whateley's style was, Richard, Dublin. But as the Bishop of Cork hap- pened to be a teetotaler, the joke was all the better. Again, not long before his death, in passing along one of the streets of Dublin, he met a friend riding on horseback, to whom he said, "I'm glad to see you, Mr. Speare; have you become an equestrian?" "Yes," replied the other, "I have been ill and the doctor has advised me to ride, saying that the toss- ing about on horseback will do me good." "All right, all right," said the Archbishop. "I say," he continued, "have you named your horse yet, Speare?" "No, I have not." "Well, then," cried the Doctor, "call him Shakespeare!^'' Mr. Pen- dleton is not surprised at this side of the charac- ter of the author of "Historical Doubts of the Ex- istence of Napoleon Bonaparte." He is present at the meeting of the O. C. M. S. at Belief ontaine, Ohio, in May, and delivers an ad- dress on "The Demand for an Elevated Christian Literature," which is published in the Harbinger. He is also in the second annual meeting of the Pennsylvania Missionary Society at Pittsburg in August. He attends the nineteenth anniversary of the A. C. M. S. in Cincinnati, in October, and de- livers one of the principal addresses. The conven- tion in '63 was one of but few of these general con- ventions that was missed by him. The fortunes of the society had been under a cloud. The society that year "violated her constitution in introducing and forcing to a wilful vote a set of political resolu- STORM AND STRESS 207 tions." This, Mr. Pendleton and others thought an error. Many thought of abandoning the society. Mr. Pendleton urged that this should not be done; that it was human to err, divine to forgive, and wise to reform. "Let us forget the errors of the past, only to profit by them for the future," he writes, "and, returning to the old ways, take up our society upon 'the liberal arms of our catholic missionary spirit, and push her usefulness and power to greater heights than ever before. We should not be dis- couraged because a single stone of stumbling and rock of offence has been thrown in our path. Doubtless many who followed in this ill-advised political zeal were as honest and sincere in their action as any who oppose them could be. Many are the extravagances of a time like this which a large Christian charity must cover over, forgive and forget. Great Christian schemes must not be aban- doned in sudden fits of excitement. We must feel that we are entrusted with mighty interests and called to carry them safe through every trial and over all seas, rough or smooth, calm or stormy, peaceful or booming with the tumult of battle. The Saviour plants his kingdom in the hearts of men, not on the territories or states of earth. These may be united or divided, rise and flourish in glory and renown, or sink in fragments and ruin into forget- fulness, but the kingdom which hath foundations will stand, and the Lord will keep his people. Is there this faith in the church?" It was thus this noble man of God plead in these troublous times for peace and unity and righteousness and the noblest interests of the church of Christ. 2o8 LIFE OF W. K. PENDLETON The college this year catalogues fifty students, and has a graduating class of six. The trustees announce that notwithstanding the general financial revolution through which the country has passed, Bethany College has not lost one dollar of her col- lected endowment. Through the watchful care and foresight of her treasurer, all has been saved. On endowment $72,057.92 has been collected, and on college building, $44,889.15. B. W. Johnson, late president of Eureka College, is called to the Chair of Mathematics. Virginia has become almost identi- fied in the association of the public mind with the thought of terrific battles and mighty battlefields. Her hills and valleys and plains have trembled be- neath a shock of arms that has been known to no other land or age, and the imm^ortality that belongs to the scenes of such deeds shall be hers. Bethany has been free from disturbance and peril. Though danger has been on the right hand and on the left, it has never been permitted to come nigh Bethany. Not even a squad of either army has ever passed along her streets. No guerrillas have ever visited her borders. In the midst of martial movements that appall the imagination even by their magni- tude, her people have never heard the cry of the wounded, been startled by the roar of artillery, or snuffed the smoke of battle. A merciful Providence has ever lifted upon them the light of His counte- nance and given them peace. On this account Bethany College, above most all others, is a place for the resort of all who, remote from the excite- ments of war and the temptations to strife, may de- sire a tranquil refuge for study and preparation for the coming calls of a time of peace. UNITY YANCEY PENDLETON. CHAPTER XVIII INTER PONTES SACROS A man's letters reveal his character possibly as nothing else. Here we move indeed among the sacred fountains. '•'•Epistola non erzcbescit^'''' said Cicero. A letter does not blush; it is not self-con- scious; it is unreserved; it unveils the hidden man of the heart, as the treasures Cicero has left us afford one of the best illustrations. A few selections taken at random from Mr. Pen- dleton's letters will let in a light upon his inner life as well as upon other matters of interest to the reader of these records. Here is a tender letter, written February 9, 1842, to his brother Joseph, in which he speaks very seri- ously of the need of preparation for the world to come, and alludes to the "almost universal excite- ment pervading the land upon the subject of the personal and glorious advent of the I^ord this year. It is growing stronger and stronger daily, and the great zeal and confidence of its chief advocate, Mr. Miller, seem well calculated still to heighten it. We are all examining the whole subject of prophe- cies at this time in Bethany. We meet every Sun- day night and have a familiar conversation upon certain parts selected in order and agreed upon a week beforehand in order to give time for examina- tion. The great learning and ability of some of the participants and the lively interest of all serve to 14 209 210 LIFE OF W. K. PENDLETON render them intensely interesting to those who can at all realize the grand and imposing events which are the subject of inquiry and examination." Thomas Campbell, Alexander Campbell, Robert Richardson, James T. Barclay, W. K. Pendleton and others prob- ably constituted this group. Again, in January, 1844, to his brother Joseph he writes, appealing to him to become a Christian: "The consideration of a happy union on earth so naturally leads to the desire for its continuance in heaven that I was led involuntarily into the expres- sion of the wish that the grave might not forever sun- der that which has so blessed the family at Cuckoo. I love much to think of home and all its hallowing influences, and I often employ the few leisure mo- ments that I can spare to reflection, in thinking of the various causes that have contributed to direct into such pleasant channels the currents of our lives. These, however, all resolve themselves into two — father and mother. Faithfulness, wisdom and the tenderest aflection were to us as household divini- ties, and, oh, hov/ richly they have abounded in fruits to all! The young and thoughtless value but lightly the weight of precept and example, but how often to us, who have known some little of what it is to act for one's self in the world — how often to us come up from the clouded memories of the past, laden with wisdom and instruction, the lessons of one whose voice is now still forever on earth, and whose face we shall never again look upon, except in that better land, to which we fondly hope his spirit has already taken its flight. I remember to have heard him, when he lay upon his bed from INTER FONTES SACROS 211 which his spirit spread its wings for eternity, say that his children had been blessed with signal op- portunities for knowing their duty, and if they did it not they must themselves confess the justice of their condemnation." To his mother, whom he has just visited Septem- ber I, 1847: "My house is most desolate, and I feel altogether lonely after the continued company of my many dear and affectionate relatives for so many days in old Virginia. I shall soon forget my loneliness, however, in the unavoidable company of returning cares, and deaden if not soothe the com- plaints of memory by the clamorous calls of busi- ness, I must not live for myself alone, but in part for others, and it were both ungrateful and unmanly to yield to the pressure of my own sorrows or griefs when so many high objects call me to bear up and to work. I could not think well of myself were I to cease from doing good, or at least trying, and sure I am T could not be blessed with the approbation of God. Still I feel an unwillingness to enter upon my labors which I do not remember to have felt be- fore. I should rather perhaps say an irresoluteness, for unwilling I am not, yet do I shrink as at the presence of some overpowering difficulty. My mind does not easily despair, nor do difficulties generally either exhaust or appall it, but it has spent its ener- gies upon itself. I have been too long and too fully blessed with domestic joys to give them up without a struggle. To return to my house after so pleasant a communion with my relations, who are nearest to me on earth, and be reawakened to its desolation, with no present prospect of enjoying, in justice to 212 LIFE OF W. K. PENDLETON her tender and forming mind, the constant company- even of my child, is what many another has done and borne, and what I do not murmur at because it is His will, but still it is a privation I may and do feel with something more than common bitterness, and which I know you will pardon me for express- ing. It is a relief to have some one to bear our sor- rows. Christ has borne them in their eternal conse- quences, but there are those we may feel and share with each other, and thus lighten. Mine have been with myself. No ear but the listening one of night has heard them, and if a voice of consolation has sometimes come to me, it has been from the spirit land. I do not speak this in complaint, though with tears, for it has been my choosing to feel in secret, and therefore thus in secret to suffer. I would not write thus to one less dear to me, who could not understand me as merely giving relief to my feelings by telling them to one who can regard them as unaffected. I cherish not one unkind feeling towards a creature that liveth, but, striving always to keep a conscience void of offence toward God and man, I pray equally to forgive and be forgiven." May, 1848, he writes to his mother a newsy story of himself and Campbellina, and of the college and the Campbells. He has been much out of doors, and he and the little girl are "as coppery as In- dians"; he speaks of himself as well, save "a feeble and often imperfect digestion." He describes his flower garden, with a hundred varieties of flowers. Mr. Campbell has gone to Pittsburg to marry a son of Walter Scott to a daughter of Samuel Church. "My duties are very multiform and arduous," he INTER FONTES SACROS 213 says, "and I am kept thin with the toil." He is engaged in planning and drafting bridges for the road to Wheeling. He has twelve acres in corn, and eight in wheat. He mentions three students who have joined the church recently, young men of the very first promise in usefulness, one of whom is McGarvey. He speaks of old Grandfather Campbell as afflicted with bad eyesight, but his mind "as yet quite active and discriminating." To his mother, August 25, 1854, he writes from Bethany of his trial in again leaving her and his children who are at Cuckoo, and of his parting with "Phil" and sister "Jane" and "Campbellina" in Baltimore. "I hope Campbellina may in some measure requite your kindness by her grateful affec- tion; she may not appreciate it now as she ought to do, but she is quite young and will feel more fully as she advances in that knowledge which only ex- perience and reflection can ever give us." He has great comfort in his children. "When I have been with them, noticing the germs of their future char- acters gradually expanding so much in harmony with my hopes, it affords me food for many a dream that might be darker were it otherwise. I hope they will both in time feel that the fear of the lyord is the beginning of wisdom." "Mr. Campbell and Virginia," he says, "think you look as much like the late Mr. Thomas Campbell as if you were his sister. This is certainly so, at least if we are any judges of the likeness of human faces." This letter closes, "Good-bye, my dear, dear and honored mother, and believe me sincerely and truly your affectionate son, William." 214 LIFE OF W. K. PENDLETON To Mr. Alvan Lathrope, of New York, who had visited "Bethany House," and writes Mr. Campbell, Mr, Pendleton replies at request of "Mother Camp- bell," as Mr. Campbell is absent: "Mr. Campbell has been in Baltimore now for more than a week. We have heard that his lec- tures on the great and sublime themes of Redemp- tion have attracted thousands who have been com- pelled reluctantly to go away ungratified. No house can hold the people that crowd to hear him. I re- gret that you did not have an opportunity of becom- ing acquainted with him, and also that you were denied the pleasure of hearing him speak. Party prejudice has done Mr. Campbell much injustice, and it is only a few noble spirits out of our own nominal connection that can rise so far superior to its ungenerous judgments as to appreciate either his genius or his labors of benevolence and love. Through the influence of these few, however, a more just impression is being gradually made even upon the obdurate spirit of prejudice itself, and if it please not the Father of all mercies to prolong his life till he shall experience the latter days to be more blessed than the former, I doubt not that his name will be associated by the generations of the good to come with those of the purest and brightest spirits that have adorned the annals of the church, "This is Saturday night; to-morrow Mr. Camp- bell addresses, at the invitation of both Houses of Congress, the representatives of our nation in the National Hall at Washington City, and to-morrow, the Lord willing, we shall meet in our humble tem- ple to praise and invoke our common Father. We INTER FONTES SACROS 215 talked when you were here of pulling it down and building a new and larger one, but it yet stands upon the grassy bank of the Buffalo— a monument of more primitive times that has outlived many a bright spirit who once worshiped under its roof. You will doubtless sometimes recall this simple structure, and, it may be, a few of those who met with you there. Should he who now addresses you chance to be among that number, he would ask no more than to be remembered in your prayers. "Our venerable and aged grandfather still enjoys his wonted health. His eyesight is almost totally gone; the privation to him is indeed great. Still, he feeds upon the sincere milk of the Word. His favorite enjoyment in his blindness is to repeat over to some friends the numerous spiritual songs with which his memory was stored before his eyes had failed and knowledge from this entrance was quite shut out. He truly hungers and thirsts after right- eousness, and the great Teacher hath said, 'Blessed are such, for they shall be filled.' " To Mrs. Pendleton from Cincinnati, October, 1856, he writes of the Missionary Convention: "We have quite a thin representation of the churches. Yester- day the Bible Society was disposed of and its funds applied to the Missionary Society. Brother Pickett is here, and has made many kindly inquiries after you and the baby. Brother Pettigrew is also here, and we had mutual congratulations on the 'little blessings.' .... Speak many kind words to our dear Willie for me. He promised me to be a good and obedient boy during my absence, and I trust you will be able to tell me that he has kept his 2i6 LIFE OF W. K. PENDLETON promise. Our baby greet with a wee kiss, and be sure she suffers not from the whiskers — the frightful things! I know nothing more alarming than Grand- ma's spectacles — only to think how the little thing made up its mouth and cried at them." To Mrs. Pendleton, in Wheeling for medical treatment in 1857, after speaking of his loneliness on account of her absence: "You may rest assured I saunter about more than ever among my garden beauties. I think I shall soon have an individual acquaintance with each particular daisy. I much fear your fine macrophilla is gone — poor thing! It looks like a bereaved heart. You will miss its mod- est roselets more than anything else in the garden. From the garden to the kitchen is a natural transi- tion, but now by no means an agreeable one. We are poor in the good things of the larder; have had no meat since you left. Still, we pillage the hens' nests and get along. Virgin says the living is first- rate. She and Nellie get along very happily with Fred and Lewis to help them. The four went horseback riding this afternoon. , . . Our good and hopeful twa dogs, Sprightly and Bob, killed a black hen to-day, for which I thrashed them soundly. I don't think they will repeat the deed again. Kiss our dear baby. Love to cousin Joe, M. and the children. Bridget, Rosanna and the whole family join in love to you and the little duck." To Mrs. Pendleton, at the Bath Alum Springs, July 17th, 1857: "Mr. Campbell came up and took dinner with us to-day. He went into the parlor and heard Cammie play the 'Carnival of Venice.' He Vvras pleased to express much admiration both of the INTER PONTES SACROS 217 piece and of the performance. He .took a peep, too, at the dear baby, and patted it on the head with the kindness of a patriarchal blessing. I took her in my arms this evening after tea, and walked all over the yard with her and through the flower garden. She never seemed happier, but I could not but think her a little pensive. Perhaps it vv^as 'a softness of the hour creeping o'er her heart like dew along the flower,' but I thought it might be the shadowed image of a deep privation, which in Scripture is used as the most eloquent symbol of human woe and helplessness, and the most potent to move the divine sympathy and compassion of the great Father of the fatherless — the privation of an orphaned heart! I fancied her little soul was struggling with the mys- tery of the want which it could not express, but which the absence of the sweet touches of a mother's hand I know must occasion in the dim depths of her undeveloped consciousness. But, dear creature, she is sleeping now, and, if thinking at all, dreaming of better things than life can ever give her. *'I went out this evening to see if there were any new flowers out to greet you in your mountain seclu- sion, but I found none, only the old ones looked sweeter than ever. It is so, I said to myself, of all true beauty, material or spiritual. It is a joy for- ever if the heart that looks upon it be in sympathy with its loveliness. It is especially so, I said, with the one we love. Memory is like a sweet twilight, throwing its rosy colors over everything we look at in her, and blending light and shade so deftly that both are lost in the beauty they kindle around her. "I have no news, dear Kate. I feel that all my 2i8 LIFE OF W. K. PENDLETON feelings towards you are neither new nor old. Im- mortals, you know, have neither youth nor age — the same yesterday, to-day and forever — they seem never to have been born, but only to have awakened from 'a sleep and a forgetting' to revive affections which are and have been eternal. You will perhaps say this is metaphysical, but you will know by the responses of your own heart that it is most delightfully true. God bless us all. "P. S. — I have been translating some of the fine old eloquence of the Hebrew of Job, and can bury myself in the sorrows of that great man of Uz so completely that time moves unnoticed, save by its loss." From a letter to Mrs. Pendleton, July 19th, 1857: "Willie expressed a strong desire to write to you this morning, but he is now at the Society. He was big to bursting nigh with a speech, and went down some hours in advance of the hour for fear he would be fined. The chief item he wished to communicate was that he had torn his pantaloons or bursted his knee through three times to-day, notwithstanding the oft-repeated stitches and stitchings of his sister. We have just had a tremendous thunder-storm. The wind blew for about three minutes a perfect gust, but it stopped suddenly, and then we had a gentle and refreshing shower. I had just got round our verbena beds. They were clean and very thirsty, and since the shower are very beautiful. I look at our garden many times a day for you, dear Kate, and think of every flower what you would think could you see it. The baby — for she and the flowers and you are in- separable — seems determined to surprise everybody INTER PONTES SACROS 219 by her goodness and personal independence of any and everybody ¥/lio chooses to desert her. She is spunky, as you know she has a good right to be, and is determined not to let on, no matter how much she misses you. She is asleep now, or per- haps she would send her uncle a dignified recogni- tion for his kindness in taking you away to the Springs. "I received a note from Adams Express OfSce last mail informing me that a package was in their office at Wheeling av/aiting my order, valued at $6,000! I was, of course, no little surprised until I opened another letter, which I found to be from Mrs. Tub- man, informing me that she had remitted me six railroad bonds of $1,000 each, to complete now her endowment of $16,000. This is noble, to promise well and to do better Best love to Hez from all, not including the baby, whose mind on that subject I am not sure about." He is with Mr. Campbell on a soliciting tour after the burning of the college, and writes to his wife from Washington of his visit to the White House with Judge Black and others to call on the President and Miss Lane: ''We stayed about an hour, and found ourselves very agreeably entertained in an unostentatious, free, democratic sort of way. Miss Lane is about as good-looking as so plain a face could well be. There is nothing brilliant either in her mind or face, but at the same time there is nothing to object to positively in either. You have seen such very good faces and hearts that you could not particularly find fault with anything about them. Just such is Miss Lane, the niece of the President, 220 LIFE OF W. K. PENDLETON and at present mistress of the White House. When I say we stayed an hour, I must tell you that part of the time was given to the President, who is a man of the highest order of statesmanly qualities. I was very much pleased with him, and feel more and more assured of a safe, prudent, firm and enlarged policy in the administration of our national affairs." He closes this letter: "Speak of me to our little angel baby, and commend us all to Him who alone can preserve and bless us." Again, on the same trip he writes from New York, and is anxious lest the baby is not sufficiently "exercised out of doors." "You know what a crav- ing she has for the free, open skies, and how, like a tranquil dream, she will lie in her carriage and look up into the quiet heavens as though she felt a sym- pathy with its deep and eternal beauty. A little more of this medicine will do her good, body and soul. There is nothing that so deepens our nature as to live early and lovingly under the canopying colors of the deep blue sky. Celestial influences brood over us in these still moments and quicken to orderly life the chaotic powers of the soul, and these energize into healthful motion the animal spirits, and thus the body grows fitted to the mind and re- sponsive to its nobler emotions." He arranges to read with Mrs. Pendleton some Scripture lesson daily, and in a letter from Lexing- ton, Kentucky, June 24, 1858, he says: "I think this will reach you next Thursday, and that night I shall think of you as beginning to read with me the sweet psalms of the sweet singer of Israel — thus, first, I, 2 and 3; second, 4, 5 and 6; third, 7 and 8; INTER FONTES SACROS 221 fourth, 9 and 10; fifth, 11, 12 and 13; sixth, 14, 15, 16 and 17; seventh, 18; eighth, 19 and 20; ninth, 21 and 22. This will serve to direct us nine even- ings. Before the time lapses I will designate still farther our course. I thank you much from my in- most heart for this pious suggestion of your love. It will be a sweet termination to each day for me thus to meet you over the sublime poetry of this man after God's own heart." In this journey he writes constantly of Mr. Camp- bell's great addresses, of the hospitality of friends everywhere, and of difficulties in the way of secur- ing funds. "It is a hard road to travel," he says; "our mission is no holiday sport. I trust it may never be my duty to travel on another such mission. The plan we are adopting is the only one by which we can raise the money. Everybody says the col- lege must be rebuilt; at the same time they seem to think that everybody ought to help to do it, and of course we must visit this multitudinous and almost ubiquitous Mr. Everybody. Would that we had them all, every mother's son of them, in one vast amphitheater, that, with the voice of a Stentor, we might break open their purse-strings and shake out fifty thousand at a single shock of our imploring eloquence!" Again, the same year he is traveling in Missouri for the college, and on a steamer in the Missouri River, which is "backing and advancing, sounding and sticking in the mud." He is much disgusted with it all, and has been studying people in the cabin: "I belive the fashionables are thinking of introducing fruits for head ornaments instead of 222 LIFE OF W. K. PENDLETON flowers, and I would suggest that for many persons leeks and onions be the principal commodity! A few sweet potatoes would set off some noses, and if you will notice in traveling you will be surprised to see how many people are onion-eyed. Upon the whole, I wish I were well out of this boat." _From Bethany he writes to Mrs. Pendleton at Bloomfield, Ohio, October, 1858: ''This is Satur- day evening, and the weather seems to be hanging upon the clouds, and these upon doubt. Upon slightest provocation they would spit snow in your face, and look coldly down upon you afterwards as much as to say, 'Take that, or you will get worse'; but I feel as if I should be very apt to say, 'Do that again, if you dare!' To-night, Donati's comet was to have made her most gracious sweep to the earth, but we shall not see her. She is truly coy to shake her crinoline at so respectful a distance as fifty-two millions of miles, and then curve away again as if she would have us follow her into some retired haunts of the outer void. But our good mother is not given to running after loose company. She is a staid old matron, walking her household rounds very composedly, and dressing herself according to the season with very considerable chasteness, and we think in great good taste. Just now she is getting on her fall wrappings, and methinks they were never more beautiful. But, then, she is under so bad a light this evening that she does not show to advantage, and I have just in sheer politeness turned away from looking at her. "Truly the earth and the heavens are filled with glory. Blended crimson and gold and green are INTER FONTES SACROS 223 smiling on tlie hilltops and glancing their tremulous tints from every sunny slope, and the college bell is swinging in sacred harmony in the new chapel spire, and the hum of busy, bustling students is abroad once more, and joy itself seems out on holiday. Nature is a great teacher. A sweeter singer than David is she to many a soul-sick Saul, if they would but listen to her harmony. Night before last we read that while the Lord sat upon a throne, high and lifted up, and filled the temple with his train, one seraph cried unto another, and said, 'Holy, holy, holy, is the Lord of hosts; the whole earth is full of his glory!' and the posts of the door moved at the voice of him that cried, and the house was filled with smoke. I never saw this sublime vision in the light in which it recurs to me to-day. That seraph voice seems pealing through the wide temple of the universe, and His glory in trailing clouds is filling everything. A haze of Indian summer and the trembling air, standing like posts to the portals of the distant sky, echo the sound, and nature's temple is full of praise. The pious heart strives to join, and sighs for the touch of the live coal from the altar that its lips may be hallowed for the chorus." October i, i860, to. Mrs. Pendleton he writes, in- closing a little piece of Latin verse, which very greatly pleased him, both for its sentiment and music, and which he renders in some words of his own and begs her to enjoy: " 'THE APOSTlvE JOHN. " 'Volat avis sine meta, Quo nee vates, nee propheta Evolavit altius. 224 LIFE OF W. K. PENDLETON Tarn implenda, quam impleta, Nunquam vidit tot secreta Purus hortio purius.' " 'Without a bound, a bird he flies, Than whom nor bard, nor prophet wise. Higher hath spread his pinion. Of mysteries past, or yet to rise, None e'er beneath the circling skies Hath had so full a vision.' "I always make a poor hand witli the joys of the past, but the present and the future I can fill with some homely pleasures that fill my own heart and run over in free measures to the hearts of others. "It is a kind world, after all, and God forbid that I should ever croak about its inhumanity. I think the heart must itself first become very loving before it can see the love that is all around it. My eyes fill with tears, sweet tears of gratitude, when I think of how many people, for no merit of mine, love me, as I have reason to believe they do. God bless them for it with a double blessing." From Washington City to Mrs. Pendleton, July 7, 1862: "I see nothing here to make me happy. The nation is in travail. Its councils are divided and the rulers are at their wits' end. Entre nous^ I can see there is a want of brains — great, grasping brains — that can sweep the mighty area of this pres- ent game of war, and with thoughts lifted up sub- limely to God, see over and under and through it the rosy dawn of a great Providence adjusting the past in storm and providing for the future in sun- shine and love, only to be felt by the heart humble in prayer, and seen by the eye washed by the puri- fying tears of contrition. I heard the noble old Crit- INTER FONTES SACROS 225 tendeti asked this afternoon if he saw any hope, and he said, with quivering lip and faltering voice, 'Honestly and candidly — none!' Another, a sena- tor, in his place on the floor, said that if the fight was for vengeance, he warned his compeers that it would be in vain. Not only did Revelation say, 'Vengeance is mine, I will repay,' but the truth was a truth of nature written upon all the pages of his- tory. And so it is. When the precept cannot con- trol and guide, God teaches by experience. But, oh, how sad, sad, how very sad, is this lesson already! God in his mercy make it very short!" Now come the sad letters of the war-time. Sep- tember 10, 1862, he writes: "Mrs. Loos has heard of the death of Prof. Loos's brother-in-law. He fell in some of the numerous battles between Cedar Mountain and Washington — shot through the head. Our dear nephew, Adjutant-General William B. Pendleton, lost a leg in the battle of Cedar Moun- tain. Alas, alas! Poor, dear sister Betty — John dead, and William, her pride — her noblest — maimed for life! Her most beautiful flower of all the five, and at scarcely twenty-three, so high in rank, where rank is a measure of merit — how can she bear it!" He says: "King looks brighter than a button, and threw himself forward at once to come to me. I think from what they say of his fondness for Irish potatoes that there must have been some son or daughter of Erin in our remote ancestry, yours or mine, or perhaps both." He speaks of Birdie: "Her tongue is nearer to perpetual motion than the screw of Archimedes, and her thoughts as flitting as butterflies in spring." 15 226 LIFE OF W. K. PENDLETON Here is au illustration of the kindness of heart and readiness of resource of the Bethany professor: "This morning, just as I was starting to my lecture on Matthew, a little boy came, panting and out of breath, for me to run down to Mr. Steel's, that the 'old man had fallen down on his head with the apology,' and they wanted me. I thought I would go down and attend to my class, and then call and see him, but upon second thought it occurred to me that there might be no doctor in town, and I ran into the house and got my lancet and hastened down. I found a great crowd assembled, and the old man very nearly gone. I immediately bled him in both arms, and with this and other surface appli- ances, in about ten minutes he came to himself, and I trust now he will get up. In about an hour they had two doctors, and they concluded that I had done all that the case required, and left." The average professor would have waited until after the lecture, in the first place, and in the second, would be ig- norant of the lancet. "The dogs are busy barking at the echo of their own voices, and there seems to be something offen- sive to them in the night air, they howl and carry on so wildly. Did you ever notice how much more the dogs bark some nights than others? There are more things in the heavens to them than to us, I guess! How little we know of the dog's knowledge! May they not have a sense we know not of to spy the invisible and bark at it?" To Mrs. Pendleton, September 21, 1864: "Our dear little Phil misses you very much, looks quite sad and forsaken, but is very quietly resigned. The INTER PONTES SACROS 227 nurse announced the first tooth to-day. No one, I think, has seen it, but she says she can feel it with her thimble! It ought to be sharp and have an eye to it! . . . . Cammie, I think, is improving. She rides about gracefully upon Dolly, who she thinks does better under the saddle than in a buggy, even. Happy delusion!" When off for the college: "There is no part of my public life that I have so great a distaste for as this of asking people to give us money. I get down to it with pain and travail, and out of it with a sigh of relief. But I know it must be done or the great and good work to which my life is given must be in a measure a failure. Were it not for Brother Allen and his taste and gift for the work, I should despair. I can help to plan and devise ways and means, but it is his forte to push them upon the generosity and conscience of the people." Hopeful, however, he is always. ''I am full of confidence and hope as to our great work. I perceive that Bethany has a deep and abiding place in the confidence and affections of our brethren. The Lord is with us, I am assured, and if we are true to our mission he will abundantly bless us." Very sympathetically he always writes his wife about the garden and the flowers. In June, 1866, he writes: "Do not forget my orders about your garden genuflections. I would like for you to real- ize your dream of a sweet yard. You do so much to please my heart that I am always more than anxious to have you also do all that you like to please your own eyes. Our home is sweet to me always, and its quiet beauty never seems dearer to me than when I 228 LIFE OF W. K. PENDLETON think of it as the scene also of your happiness. I could not love it if I did not see in it the reflection of your own appreciative eyes. I am never so charmed with it as when I contemplate it as an ex- pression of your own heart and taste. It is a pic- ture all the lovelier because of the loved artist that has given it its beauty. I sometimes wish for a mo- ment, only for a m.oment, because it is puerile to in- dulge in idle wishes, but I sometimes wish that I could afford to realize to you the full measure of your own beautiful fancies in the decoration of our earthly home, and this always points me to the heavenly home, and what it must be and will be to you and to me to be there. Our love of the beauti- ful will be a part of our fitness to enjoy together the paradise of the skies. Thus true love ever lifts to heaven as the scene of its fullest bliss, and thus cultivation of a pure and grateful taste is the true nurture of piety." CHAPTER XIX EDITOR OF THE HARBINGER In January, 1865, the title page of the Bethany Magazine reads for the first time, The Millennial Harbinger, conducted by W. K, Pendleton; co-ed- itor, C. L. Loos. The introduction to the volume is written in Mr. Pendleton's best vein. He is full of faith and hope. "Many brethren," he says, "are discouraged. The wrinkled front of war alarms them. But do they forget it is theirs to smooth this wrinkled front of war — to persuade men to beat their swords into plowshares, and their spears into pruning hooks? To lift up their sword against their fellows no longer and to learn war no more? O that the church, which is not of the world, could rise to the glory of working only for the kingdom of peace!" In outlining his program for the Journal, he pro- poses to give special attention to The Elements of Christianity, Church Organization and Discipline, Expositions of Scripture, Christian Antiquities, the Natural History of the Bible, Notices of Transla- tions, Notes and Criticisms on Current Religious Literature, Present Phases of Infidelity, Biographical Sketches, Christian Benevolence, Religious Intelli- gence — Home and Foreign, Affairs Among the Brotherhood, and Words to Little Ones. The discussion of instrumental music in the churches is now on. "We notice a growing heat 229 230 LIFE OF W. K. PENDLETON tinder the discussion of this subject," Mr. Pendle- ton writes, "but let us keep cool. We will commit less sin against logic and music both, and be much surer of victory. A man can make heresy out of any subject and almost any side of it by sinful vio- lence in his advocacy of it. I do not think the organ is likely to be a siren of much mischief among us at present. Controversy ought to be against 'melodeons,' as it is this cheap form of musical instrument that for the most part satisfies the present instrumental extravagance of our music- al amateurs. It is a smaller sin measured in cubical feet, and not so noisy; but then if there be merit in a musical instrument as a means of praise, let us give the Lord the best. It is a shame to make his entertainments so cheap and feeble as they must be from the little foot-bellows of a melodeon." This controversy is curious reading in the light of to-day. In a series of papers on skeptical difficulties, the editor treats, among other questions, the authorship of the Pentateuch, which is instructive in view of more modern positions on this subject. "Unques- tionably," he says, "Moses was the author of these books. First, our Savior ascribes them to Moses. 'Did not Moses give you the law?' he asks; and again, 'Beginning at Moses and all the Prophets he expounded unto them in all the Scriptures the things concerning himself.' Now, let it be remem- bered that at the time our Savior spoke, the expres- sion 'the law,' meant the five books of the Penta- teuch, and Moses meant their author. Philip said to Nathanael, 'We have found him of whom Moses in the lav/ and all the prophets did write.' Here now EDITOR OF THE HARBINGER 231 is clear, positive and direct authority in proof of the proposition, and we may say it is as strong as the evidence on which we believe on Christ." Pastors and Teachers, Denominational Aspects, the Conversion of Paul, Church Organization, Fore- knowledge and Free Will, Theological Schools and the Missouri Test Oath, are some of his leaders for the year, but perhaps the most striking and oppor- tune is on the Death of the President. It will be read to-day with interest. "Abraham lyincoln, the sixteenth President of the United States, is dead! Suddenly and without a moment's warning, he has fallen by the hand of an assassin! The morning of the 14th of April, 1865, rose upon him full of hope; and all that anxious day his head and his heart were busy and strong in what he fondly thought would bring speedy peace and rest to our disturbed and weary people; and the evening found him amid the gay and joyous throng of hearts beating free with a sense of mighty na- tional agonies endured and ended, and lending the Vv^elcome of his presence to the happy signs of re- turning peace. But in a moment how all is changed! The deadly bullet enters the brain, so busy with the future fate of this mighty nation, and it is paralyzed forever! Soon the heart grows still, and the man of all eyes — for whose words thirty millions of people were waiting in hushed breath and with fondest hope — whose single mind held the secrets that nations were trembling to hear, and upon whose fiat the fortunes of agriculture and manufactures and commerce and even civil liberty seem to hang, — he from v/hose lips we were waiting to hear the potent 232 LIFE OF W. K. PENDLETON spell of peace sound over the troubled waves of our stormy sea, Abraham Lincoln, President of the United States, lies dead, and powerless to speak to us for good or for ill — as though he had never been. He is dead and another ruleth in his stead. If there be any events in which Providence seems to chal- lenere the world to serious and awful consideration, surely this is one of them. For the last four years, who can have occupied so much of public attention as the man who, as President of the United States, stood forth, the representative of the mightiest mil- itary power on earth, in a storm of revolutionary conflict that seemed at times destined not only to drift the Christian world into war, but to engulf in irremediable ruin the very temple of our political liberty. And now, just as this long and anxious struggle seemed about to terminate, and we were look- ing for the answer of light and peace upon the face of this oracle of all the national wisdom in the cab- inet and victory in the field, to see it suddenly grow dark under the bloody hand of the assassin, and veiled forever in the night of a violent and untimely death, — the heads of nations must shudder under the shock of the awful disappointment, — and turn in their perplexity to God for wisdom and strength to read and bear the calamity of His providence aright. "Murder is a dark and damning crime, no matter upon what committed. If I maliciously or even wantonly take the life of the merest slavering idiot that barely vegetates in the light of life, I deserve to die for it; but to murder a people's President! — this is to stab the nation's heart, — to trample under EDITOR OF THE HARBINGER 233 foot Hhe awe and majesty' wherewith God has clothed the 'temporal power,' and count the peo- ple's choice an unholy thing. The crime is not to be measured by human punishment. It outweighs the wrath of man. We can but vindicate the law and leave it to Him who hath said, 'Vengeance is mine; I will repay.' Yet we know that for such there is reserved the fire that is not quenched and the worm that never dies. "We are prone, under a great national blow like this, to ask why God permitted it, and are apt, per- haps, to venture too boldly to anticipate its destined effects in the future. But we do not allow ourselves to enter upon the field of political conjecture. Let us rather look into our own hearts and see in this terrible national affliction a solemn warning to hum- ble ourselves before the Great Ruler, and implore more fervently and truly his guidance and protec- tion. The Lord hath not smitten this people so heavily and thus in the moment of exulting hope, without reason. We need a purification before the land can be fully blest. Let us inquire wherein we have come short and sinned before our God, and with true repentance fall down in the dust before him, and he will surely lift upon us the light of his countenance and give us peace." The Ohio State Missionary Society held its four- teenth anniversary in May, at Ashland, and Pro- fessor Pendleton was present and delivered one of the principal addresses. Gould, Rowe, Myers, Parmley, Gilbert, Burgess, Green, Goodwin, Moffett, Hayden, Haley, Fillmore and Robison are some of the men he mentions. "J. H. Jones, of Cleveland," 234 LIFE OF W. K. PENDLETON he tells us, "led off with one of his electric displays that threw a charm over the whole body." Benja- min Franklin, of the Review, he describes as "strong, earnest, practical and driving always at his purpose," and declares, "his address will be long and profitably remembered," R. M. Bishop was president, and R. R. Sloan corresponding secretary. The meeting was held in the Methodist house of worship, and people of all parties and no party re- ceived them with open arms. Mr. Pendleton closes his report with the words, "May the Lord bless all his people and hasten the day when they shall be united in the bonds of a true and scriptural fellow- ship." The address of Mr. Pendleton before this conven- tion is published in the Harbinger, and covers eighteen pages. It abounds in references to the great struggle and the needs of the churches grow- ing out of the war. Pastors and evangelists to carry on the work are a special necessity which he em- phasizes. He appeals to mothers to consecrate the Timothys, and a beautiful passage, with tender ref- erence to his own mother, will seem in place here. "O mothers, great is your mission among men! We never forget your early lessons.. They are our heart's heart. They come, like your yearning reminiscence of lost Eden's bloom, to throw their fragrance and their purity over the arid and pois- oned ways of our rugged life; they steal upon us in the hour of our temptations like gentle whisperings from the spirit land; they come to refresh us like the wells and palm trees of Elim when we are ready to perish in the desert; and when, on the stormy EDITOR OF THE HARBINGER 235" battle-field, death strikes us down with his red hand of blood, they are sweeter to us than the shout of victory and holy as the prayer in which they taught us to commit ourselves to the love and the mercy of God. O mother mine, from whose gentle eyes these have been shut out for now four dreary years by the lurid cloud of war, if through all its agonies thy firm but tender heart is yet unbroken, to thee let me render this tribute due to thy surpassing love, and lay at thy feet the graritude I owe for what, through the grace of God, I am enabled this day to do or say for the glory and honor of his name!" The twenty-fourth annual commencement of Beth- any College was held as usual on the fourth of July. There was a large audience and the exercises were interesting. Five young men were presented with the degree of Bachelor of Arts. Jabez Hall, J. L. Pinkerton and W. C. Dawson were of this class. New trustees were added to the Board as follows: C. A. Buckbee, Ross Forward, Bateman Goe, James McGrew, Thomas W. Phillips, L. P. Streator, A. W. Campbell, Jr., Dr. R. Richardson, H. K. Rey- nolds, James Darsie, Z. F. Smith and John M. Lea. At this meeting it was decided to change the time of holding the commencement to the last Thursday in June. The faculty, as announced for the twen- ty-fifth session, consists of A. Campbell, President, W. K. Pendleton, Vice-President and Professor of Mental, Moral and Physical Philosophy and Belles- Lettres, Charies Louis Loos, Professor of Ancient Languages and Literature, B. W. Johnson, Professor of Mathematics and Astronomy, and Robert Mason, Professor of Natural Philosophy, Chemistry and 236 LIFE OF W. K. PENDLETON Natural History. Albert Allen announces ttie sum of $62),442 subscribed toward the endowment of Bethany, $53,000 of which is from the Phillips Brothers, Newcastle, Pa. The deadly nimbus of war rolled back, and after four years of terrific strife men saw again the fair blue skies of peace. Posii nubiIa^J2ibila ; post nubila^ PhcBbus. Thus this beloved institution passed through the war period and kept its colors flying. How much this was due to the wisdom and prudence and heroic and self-sacrificing service of Mr. Pendleton can never be estimated. Mr. Campbell was in his de- cline. "During the continuance of the war," his biographer tells us, "he continued to act as presi- dent, and for a time meet as usual his morning class, as well as to deliver the annual baccalaureate ad- dress. As these duties, however, which he endeav- ored to fulfill from his strong desire to labor to the last, were evidently too great a burden at his ad- vanced age, he was induced at length to relinquish them to the vice-president, who, with the remaining members of the faculty, continued to preserve the order and conduct the business of the college, re- serving merely to the president the duty of confer- ring the degrees and preparing the address of the annual commencement. He still visited the college, and sometimes, through force of habit, would pre- pare to go over to deliver his morning lecture, until reminded that he had been relieved from duty." His work on the Harbinger also had .gradually closed. In January, 1865, he relinquished the editorship, and in November of the same year his last essay appears in the Journal, to which he had EDITOR OF THE HARBINGER 237 so largely contributed for five and thirty consecutive years. Fitly enough, his theme is the gospel. After some remarks on preaching, he says: "We shall now propound or declare the seven facts which constitute the whole gospel. They are: i. The birth of Christ; God being his Father and the Vir- gin Mary his mother. 2. The life of Christ; as the oracle of God and the beau ideal of human per- fection. 3. The death of Christ; as a satisfactory sacrifice for the sin of the world. 4. The burial of Christ as a prisoner of the grave. 5. The resur- rection of Christ; 'Oh, grave, I will be thy destruc- tion.' 6. The ascension of Christ; 'He ascended far above all heavens that he might possess all things.' 7. The coronation of Christ as Lord of the universe; God, his Father, constituting him the absolute sovereign of all creation." Closing he declares: "The present material uni- verse yet unrevealed in all its area, in all its ten- antries, in all its riches, beauty and grandeur, will be wholly regenerated. Of this fact we have full assurance, since He that now sits upon the throne of the universe has pledged His word for it, saying, 'Behold, I will create all things new!' — consequent- ly, new heavens, new earth — consequently, new ten- antries, new employments, new pleasures, new joys, new ecstasies. Theirs is a fullness of joy, a fullness of glory, a fullness of blessedness, of which no liv- ing man, however enlightened, however enlarged, however gifted, ever formed or entertained one ade- quate conception." These are Mr. Campbell's last words as a religious writer — the closing testimony of a hand which had penned sixty volumes. 238 LIFE OF W. K. PENDLETON Editor of the Harbinger and virtually head of the college, Mr. Pendleton's responsibilities and labors were indeed onerous. In the active ministry of the gospel also, and the advocacy of the great cause of missions, he was unremitting in diligence and devo- tion. The anniversary of the Missionary Society in Cincinnati found him present as usual, and he spends several weeks abroad in the interest of the college before this October meeting. The days of Recon- struction for the church and college were not less serious than for the nation. ALEXANDER CAMPBELL. CHAPTER XX PATER ET FILIUS Dr. Phii^ip Schaff, writing on the friendship of Calvin and Melanchthon, gives us this striking pas- sage: "When God has a great work to do in his kingdom, he trains and associates congenial agents of different gifts, but of one spirit and aim, to carry out his purposes. They supplement and encourage one another, and accomplish much more in unison than they could in isolation. Moses and Aaron, David and Jonathan in the history of Israel; Paul and Barnabas, Peter and Mark in apostolic times; Pamphilius and Eusebius, Basil and Gregory Nazi- anzen among the fathers; Luther and Melanch- thon, Zwingli, Occolampadius and Bullinger, Calvin, Farel, Viret and Beza, Cranmer, Latimer and Rid- ley among the reformers; the two Wesleys and Whitefield in the Methodist revival; Pusey, Newman and Keble in the Anglo-Catholic movement of our days, will readily occur to the memory as illustrious examples of co-operative friendship for the advance- ment of God's kingdom. Such friendships, based upon mutual respect and affection, cemented by the love of Christ, the Lord and Savior, and devoted to a holy cause, have left a deep impress upon the pages of history, and their memory is an inspiration to succeeding generations." In American church history, Campbell and Pen- dleton are two names that after the same manner 239 240 LIFE OF W. K. PENDLETON must be forever associated. Unlike those named by the great church historian, this friendship was never clouded by human infirmity. Paul and Barnabas fell out on the question of Mark, and Paul and Peter on the deeper question of Circumcision and the recognition of Gentile converts, and Luther and Melanchthon came near to a break on the subject of the Real Presence, but the relations of Campbell and Pendleton were never marred by a serious differ- ence on any subject. Mr. Campbell was just twent}^- nine years Mr. Pendleton's senior, and they lived and worked together as father and son in the great undertakings to whose common service they had been providentially called. Unlike in many re- spects, in nationality, in tastes, in culture, in dispo- sition, in methods of work, in views on minor points of docfrine and practice — they were one in a great, overmastering purpose, and each fitted harmoniously in the plan of the other's life. From the day that Bethany College was founded, Mr. Pendleton was the nearest personal friend and counselor of Mr. Campbell, a trusted as well as beloved son, on whom he leaned for support in everything. No other man among his associates in reform stood so close to the great leader. Many conspicuous figures tower about him — Scott, Burnet, Richardson, Rodgers, Allen, Hayden — but ranking them all is his gifted son-in- law. With the others he met in convention and occasional tours through the States; with Mr. Pen- dleton he was in constant touch in the Harbinger office, in the college, in the church and in the homes of Bethany. Together they arranged the matter for the monthly issue of the journal; together PATER ET FILIUS 241 they shaped the policy of the institution; together they discussed the great questions constantly re- ferred to Bethany for solution; together they min- gled in the social intercourse of the faculty and vil-j lage life; together they worshiped and together' served. From the beginning almost, the entire manage-- ment and responsibility of the college devolved daily' upon Mr. Pendleton, in addition to his duties as in-' structor. Mr. Campbell was absorbed in other things. He was away from home much of the time. When at home, he was crowded with correspond- ence and other writing. His debates, his books, his labors in the pulpit and on the platform, the care of all the churches, made ceaseless demand upon his time, and while with Mr. Pendleton he exercised a general superintendency of the college, its practical workings were largely in the hands of his chief lieu- tenant. The same was true of the Harbinger. Al- though his name appears for the first time on the editorial staff in '46, from its beginning Mr. Pendle- ton shared in its management, wrote for it under an assumed name because he thought he was too young for his name to carry sufficient weight, read proof for Mr. Campbell, saved him labor in every way possible. He was Mr, Campbell's faithful adviser and helper. He stood next to him; he was to him in counsel what Melanchthon was to Luther; in ac- tion what Lafayette was to Washington. And he was fitted for this high service. He was a gifted scholar, broad and many-sided in his make- up. He had the philosophical temper. On ques- tions of law, language, theology, philosophy, art 16 242 LIFE OF W. K. PENDLETON and science, history and government, ethics, archi- tecture, education, agriculture, church management, he was an authority. A strictly symmetrical man, and up to date he always was; a student familiar with the latest and best literature, with a discrimi- natins' taste and a clear vision. Well versed in belles-lettres literature, he was able to be of great service to Mr. Campbell. The latter knew Homer, Pollok's Course of Time, Young's Night Thoughts; he was steeped in Milton. It was grand music to hear his noble voice, his rich brogue — just enough of it — and the meaning he gave to what imagina- tion had made so thoroughly his own, as he recited long excerpts from Paradise Lost. The finest pas- sages in Greek and Roman, French and English lit- erature, both in poetry and prose, were committed to memory. His writings everywhere show the in- fluence of these authors, but with his vast labors and the special calls which claimed him incessantly, he could not keep so well abreast with current thought. Mr. Pendleton supplemented him here. He had been, for example, a disciple of Locke, but relaxed his hold upon that system in so far as he saw it would not bear him out in his own perception of truth. As a young Scot, born near the close of the eighteenth century, the philosophy of Locke re- ceived his unquestioned adherence, and he had little time to study metaphysics in the midst of the fierce combat for Scripture truth he was waging. In council with his son-in-law, Mr. Pendleton would take down books of the newer philosophers and read to him or talk with him of the ideas advanced in the newer schools; not that he assumed to teach him. PATER ET FILIUS 243 but only in this imperceptible way he was seeking to attract to and set to work upon these ideas a great mind that would easily deal v/ith them for itself, but that was too lost in the crowding of other ques- tions to be likely to come across them, and yet that might, sooner or later, be at a disadvantage without them. His gifts as a linguist were equally helpful. He read Latin as he read English, and wrote it, too, with ease; and at a time when Greek texts were fiercely contested by the best scholars, he was in the front. In logic, which he taught so many years, in all its methods and in all its tricks and turns, he was thoroughly at home. Political economy and all the schools of mental and moral philosophy, were as familiar to him as A, B, C. On these lines of thought Mr. Campbell relied upon him, and even in matters of every-day business, trusted to his judg- ment. Their friendship was close and cordial. Mr. Campbell was a father to him, and he a devoted son in the most comprehensive sense of the word; a right arm, a staff on which the reformer leaned; and the son sunk his personal ambitions in every way whenever they would have led him into any path in which he would not have been walking side by side with Mr. Campbell in the great work to which he was consecrated. With what reverence does he ever regard him! With what affection does he ever cherish him! March 4th, '66, fifteen minutes before midnight, and just at the close of the first Lord's day of the month, Mr. Campbell entered into his well-earned rest. In the Harbinger for that year Mr. Pendleton 244 LIFE OF W. K. PENDLETON has a noble eulogy on this eminent man and his great services to the cause of righteousness and truth. After sketching his wonderful career from childhood through nearly fourscore years, he gives a touching account of his westering days and the sunset. "'He was the most persistent man in the religious instruction of his family that I ever knew. Morning and evening worship were as regular as the daily meals. Never in any family were the Scriptures more copiously recited by the children, or elabo- rately explained by the parent. No matter what had been the fatigue and labors of the day, he always found strength and time enough for this car- dinal feature in his household economy. He had but little confidence in a piety that was not nour- ished and instructed by the daily study of the Word of God and a perpetual habit of prayer. So he taught and thus he practiced. How did it fit him to die? "His last days were as the effulgence of the sun, when it sinks gloriously through gorgeous drapery of rifted cloud. He went to his rest through fitful gleamings of a sublime intellect, but with a faith that never faltered. He suffered as the strong only can suffer. His iron frame gradually gave way. He seemed conscious that the convulsive grasp of death was upon it — that the long empire of his imperious will was invaded, and he would struggle at times with the energy of an unconquered giant to shake it off. We watched him as we never watched the dying before, and it seemed that the idea of immor- tality was struggling with the agonies of death. . PATER ET FILIUS 245 Relaxing from the struggle of physical pain, a placid smile would play over his countenance, and then he would murmur as if in soliloquy: 'I will ransom them from the hand of the grave; I will re- deem them from death. O death, I will be thy plague. O grave, I will be thy destruction; repent- ance shall be hid far from mine eyes.' He would frequently exclaim, 'What shall I do, what shall I do! Whither shall I fly but to Thee?' The soul was struggling with the clay tenement and panting to be free, but refusing to die. The Scriptures proved his unfailing consolation. He quoted them with great point when he seemed to know or notice but little else. A few days before his death, upon some allusion to the creation, he quoted the first verse of the first chapter of Genesis in Hebrew, and then the first verse of the first chapter of John in the Greek. His mind delighted to dwell upon the glorious character of Christ. He would look around upon the friends about his bedside and ask, 'What think ye of Christ — his divine nature, his glorious mission, his kingly office — the Sovereign Ruler of the heavens and of the earth, the Fountain of uni- versal being!' Rousing up from apparent reverie he would say, 'God speaking to man, and man speaking in response to God. Praise to his name!' At times the idea of going home would take pos- session of his mind, and he would give orders for starting. Again he would say, 'It seems a great distance, but it is very short — but a step from the cradle to the grave, from earth to heaven, from time to eternity. A few days to lie in the earth, and then — the glorious resurrection.' 246 LIFE OF W. K. PENDLETON "And tlieii he would break out with sublime quo- tations descriptive of the future life. 'Eye hath not seen, nor ear heard, neither have entered into the heart of man the things which God has prepared for them that love him.' 'Everlasting life — endless duration — the — ' " 'When I've been there ten thousand years, Bright shining as the sun, I've no less days to sing his praise Than when I first begun.' "The sublime words of the Psalms were con- stantly in his mind, and he quoted with remarkable accuracy and propriety from the old metrical version of the Scotch Psalmody which he memorized in his youth, such as spoke the comfort he needed or the praise he felt. "Through all his weakness and suffering, his politeness and gratitude were among the most con- spicuous expressions of his heart. He was thankful for the courtesies of his friends, anxious lest they would not be properly attended to and cared for, and grateful for the slightest office of kindness. Some- times the room would be nearly filled with visitors and he would think they had assembled to hear him preach, and ask if it was not time to begin the serv- ices, and, when reminded that they were only friends calling to see him, he would request some one to thank them for him, and then turning to those nearest, he would quote: " 'Society, friendship and love, Divinely bestowed upon man; O, had I the wings of a dove, How soon would I join ye again. " 'My sorrows ' PATER ET FILIUS 247 And his voice would fail him, and with a graceful wave of his hand, he would close his eyes and re- lapse into silence. "One of the remarkable qualities of his mind was its great power of relative suggestion. It was quick to the last; sometimes playing upon words, but always with a deep meaning in his thought. We were urging him to take some nourishment. He drank a draught of it, and paused for breath. We asked him if it was not palatable. He replied, 'Yes, and I presume wholesome. But,' said he, turning his face with its familiar smile of humor full upon us, 'the whole need not a physician.' Four days before his death, the weather was sunny and pleas- ant. I called his attention to the fact, and remarked that it v/as \}i^ fiTst day of March. 'Yes,' said he, 'comes in like a lamb, goes out like a lion.' A day or two before, the sun was pouring its setting beams in through the window opposite the foot of his bed. His eye rested inquiringly upon the quiet glory, and he was told it was the setting sun. 'Yes,' he re- peated, 'the setting sun! It will soon go dov^n. But unto them that fear His name, shall the sun of righteousness arise with healing in his wings!' But time would fail us to cite the many memorable death-bed sayings of this great and noble man of God. His thoughts were all of God, of Christ and of heaven. Literally did he " 'Speak the honors of his name "With his last laboring breath, And, dying, triumphed in the Cross, The antidote of death . ' "When his voice had almost entirely left him, 24-8 LIFE OF W. K. PENDLETON and he was struggling for breath, his wife said to him, 'The blessed Savior will go with you through the valley of the shadow of death.' He looked earnestly into her face for a moment, and then, with a great effort, said emphatically, 'That He will! that He will!' And this was about the last intelligent and pointed expression of his deathless confidence that we can now recall. "Sunday, the 4th of March, we had been with him nearly all day. Night came on, and it became manifest that with it was also the coming for him of the night of death. It drew towards midnight; we stood beside him, his hand in ours, noting the beating of his pulse. We felt it going and said to a patient female watcher, 'If it revive not, he must soon be gone.' She glided away to wake the doc- tor. The pulse quivered and stopped — a sudden and convulsive drawing back of the breath startled us — and in a few moments the voice of lamentation rose over the lifeless form of him whom distant genera- tions will rank among the greatest of the many God- given that have blessed our earth." The tender relation between these two men is very beautiful. Like the friendship between Achilles and Patroclus, like the historic instances of Burke and Dr. Johnston, Goethe and Schiller, or Maurice and Kingsley, it is an attractive page in the story of humanity. Each had his elements of strength; each his limitations. Whatever may be the estimate placed upon their attainments as com- pared one with the other, it must appear that they were providentially associated in a common service. There is one book Mr. Pendleton should have writ- PATER ET FILIUS 249 ten. Without it the world is poorer. He should have left us his Personal Recollections of Alexander Campbell. The month after Mr. Campbell's death, April 24-27, occurred the celebrated conference in Rich- mond, Va., between the Baptists and the Disciples, in which Mr. Pendleton was a prominent actor. It was a meeting of great importance. Dr. William A. Broadus and James W. Goss were the prime movers in it. As it was not a representative body, but a voluntary assemblage for purposes of confer- ence as to the propriety of recommending union between these closely allied Christian households, it sat wnth closed doors, and its minutes were never published. Dr. Broadus presided, and the delibera- tions lasted for four days. An address to the churches was afterward given out, signed by Broadus and Goss, stating the purposes of the meeting, the Christian courtesy and brotherly kindness which characterized the sessions, and how the conclusion had been reached, deliberately but reluctantly, that the time had not yet come ' ' when the Baptists and the Disciples v^^ere on both sides prepared, with the pros- pect of perfect harmony, to commit themselves to any degree of co-operation beyond such courtesies and personal Christian kindnesses as members of churches of different denominations may individual- ly choose to engage in." Mr. Pendleton's account of this conference and his description of the Baptist leaders, Broadus, Jeter, Burrows, etc., furnished an interesting contribution to history. '^We regard it as a high honor to have been one of the thirty-two members who constituted this conven- 250 LIFE OF W. K. PENDLETON tion. It was certainly a great pleasure also to sHare in its high-toned Christian courtesies and frank and unreserved interchange of sentiments on the great themes which were considered. We shall never for- get, nor, we trust, fail to reciprocate, the kindly bearing of the good men who, on the Baptist side, souofht with us to effect a union between the two re- ligious organizations of Baptists and Disciples. These Christian ministers are my brethren in the Lord by right of a common adoption, and as I hope to stand v^ith them at last approved and accepted by the Father, so I arn unvv^illing to look upon them as aliens from the commonwealth of Israel while here on the earth. They will suffer me, I am sure, and my brethren with me in the convention, to hold them in our fellowship of labor and love in the king- dom of Christ, and, however much we may yet differ on some points, deem them as neither a bar to our union with Christ, nor essentially, if ecclesiastically, with one another. They are my brethren, even should some of them not be able to discern the re- lationship. May the Father who knoweth his chil- dren, make us also to know and acknowledge one another. "For one, we were not surprised at the degree of harmony which was developed by these comparisons of views. We knew full well before we met that on all that ought to be demanded for Christian fellow- ship, we, and a great part of the Baptist denomina- tion — that portion of it which was more largely rep- resented in this body—were substantially at one. I knew that we agreed on the inspiration of the Scriptures; on the divinity, unity and personality of PATER ET FILIUS 251 Father, Son and Holy Spirit; on the sacrificial work of Christ; generally, on the fall and depravity of man; on faith; on repentance; on immersion; on the necessity, reality and cause of regeneration, jus- tification and sanctification; on the membership and organization of the church; on the duty of mission- ary work; on the sacred obligation of the Lord's day; on the resurrection and the future judgment. These items of themselves constitute mighty reasons why we should be one, I should tremble before God if I felt myself responsible, under such circum- stances, for the perpetuation of a hostile and pro- scriptive spirit of non-fellowship between two peo- ple who hold so much in common. "There are differences — differences which, I am free to say, while they should not bar fellowship, ought, nevertheless, not to be compromised, because they are conscientiously held by members of both bodies and deemed by them respectively as important to the successful proclamation of the truth. What is my liberty in these respects, should be my brother's toleration. If he will not allow me to see what he does not see, and to attempt, in Christian love, to show it to him, and if I exercise a similar proscrip- tion towards him, then neither of us can ever learn anything in the divine science or make any progress in the heavenly life. There is a bar to all improve- ment and growth in knowledge. The free and dis- cursive mind must turn from the inviting field of divine truth and seek its pleasures and its discover- ies in other departments of knowledge. The bound- less ocean of revelation has a hitherto, set by some narrow and bigoted creed-maker, perhaps, and be- 252 LIFE OF W. K. PENDLETON yond it the ever restless waves of its mighty depths must not go. Betv/een us and the Baptists these dif- ferences may, it seems, be narrowed down to ques- tions about regeneration, justification, sanctification and the design of baptism. On these subjects, doubtless, we do differ, but then neither of the bodies denies the substance of these articles. No intelligent Disciple believes in any Christian life or state that does not include them all, and though we have different ways of explaining the how and the when, we are nevertheless agreed in demanding alike the change and the obedience. The Baptists themselves believe in regeneration: so do we. The Baptists rest in a divine justification through faith in the blood of Christ: so do we. The Baptists con- tend for a state of sanctification into which the sin- ner is brought, and wherein he is progressively ad- vanced: so do we. And the Baptists demand of the penitent believer immersion in water before they will admit him into the fellowship of the Church: and so do we. Agreeing then in the essence, why should we be divided because we cannot at once see the divine teachings alike, as to the significance and place of all these things in the divine mind? Those of us who propose a union, alike claim that we have attained to these blessings. We both have confi- dence that we are regenerated, justified and sancti- fied, and have been alike immersed into Christ; and yet we must not recognize one another as Christians by the simple act of eating together the emblems of the Savior's death! We cannot believe that the Lord will suffer this state of things long to continue between those that love His name more than the PATER ET FILIUS 253 name of a party, and respect His earnest prayer for the unity of His people more than their own specu- lations concerning things which are confessedly hard to be understood." The editorial contributions to the Harbinger this year are upon many themes : ' ' Parable of the Tares , ' ' "Sectarian Prejudice," "Revelation," "Endowment of Bethany College," "A Proposition of Union," "The Promise of Miracles," "Election of Elders," "The Church of the New Testament," "Testament- ary Benevolence," and a warm-hearted appeal for help for "Our Cause in the South." Bethany holds its annual commencement in June. There are thirteen graduates, and speeches are de- livered in I,atin, Hebrew, French and English. Prominent among those attending the convention are three Baptist ministers, Wyckoff and Buckbee, of New York, and Dickinson, of Pittsburg, and these dwelt on the question of union between the Baptists and Disciples. James A. Garfield and Con- stant Lake, of Ohio, and H. A. Gleaves, of Ten- nessee, are added to the Board of Visitors. The alumni up to this date are 331, of which 15 are physicians, 34 teachers, 35 lawyers, 50 planters and farmers, and 118 ministers, and of the latter 38 are engaged in educational work, two presidents of col- leges, 13 professors and 15 principals of seminaries of learning. D. S. Burnet attends the commence- ment, delivers a memorial address on A. Campbell, and holds a meeting at Bethany with 30 converts. Mr. Pendleton's missionary labors this year are abundant. With Mrs. Pendleton, who always ac- companied him on such occasions, he attended the 254 LIFE OF W. K. PENDLETON Indiana State Missionary Convention at Indianap- olis, and writes of Burgess, Jamison, Goodwin, Pink- erton, Henderson, Krrett, New and Benton. He speaks before the convention and to the students of the university, and preaches on the Lord's day. His comments on some of the speakers are striking. Pinkerton speaks "in the spirit of the old prophets." Henderson "fascinates his audience by his exuberant electricity. His power is in his presence. It goes out from him like an aura. He holds one as a mag- net holds a needle." For his brethren Mr. Pendle- ton always has generous words. He attended the eighteenth anniversary of the A. C. M. S., and delivered the annual address — a splendid contribution to missionary literature, which is published in full in the Harbinger. He said, in closing: "We want more unity. Congregationalism does not express the unity of the Church. Congre- gationalism does not comprehend the full idea of the Church, and cannot in its isolated action accomplish the full mission of the Church. Congregationalism does not reveal to the heart the grand and glorious nature and power of the Church universal. It must go forth from its isolation into the wide fellowship of national reunion; it must come out from the syna- gogue and go up to the temple; it must leave the cantons and join the procession that is majestically sweeping by for the city of the King. Congrega- tionalism all over the land is like the sweet, fresh fountains that spring forth from rock and crevice, and spot the earth with verdure and beauty, but the fountains well up and flow over and murmur for the sea. They run for a little while alone and adorn PATER ET FILIUS 255 with happy life, and sweeten with more than angelic music, the humble valleys through which they pass, but soon, as if moved by some divine instinct or sympathy of attraction, they begin to flow together — first a rill, then a rivulet, anon a river — swollen into glorious unity, and surging with majestic swell to the call of the eternal ocean. The rill is spark- ling and bright, the rivulet fresh and strong, but the river is the voice of many waters, the harmony of many tones, the strength of many torrents, all gath- ering and concentrating a.nd moving to swell the music and the might of the shoreless sea. It is meetings like these that give us this mighty sense of our unity, and inspire us with the true grandeur of our mission as the Church of the living God. It is here that we are made to feel that we are mem- bers of the congregation, the innumerable congrega- tion, of the first-born, whose names are enrolled in heaven. I^et us swell the gatherings, then, from year to year, put our hearts closer and closer to the great heart of the Church universal, and bring them to beat more and more in unison with the will and the Word of the King eternal, immortal and invisi- ble, to whom be honor and glory forever and ever." CHAPTER XXI PRESIDENT OF BETHANY COLIvEGE At a meeting of tlie Trustees, June i8, 1866, on motion of Dr. J. B. Robison, seconded by P. S. Fall, Prof. W. K. Pendleton was unanimously elected President of Bethany College. In bis announcement of tbe 26th session, his first announcement as Presi- dent of the institution, he says: "We are gratified to state that the chair of Physical Science will be occupied by Dr. J. T. Barclay, so long our mission- ary to Jerusalem; Dr. Richardson will labor with us as lecturer in the Biblical Institute; Prof. C. L. Loos continues at the head of the School of Languages, and all the other schools will be ably and efficiently conducted." This is the beginning of a long and honored service as the head of the institution with which he had been so closely connected already for a quarter of a century. With the opening of the new year Mr. Pendleton announces that, in harmony with the plan of Bibli- cal instruction proposed in Bethany College, a course of free lectures for ministers will be inaugurated. They are to be popular in style and arranged to cover all the most practical wants of the preacher: Sacred History, Biblical Literature, Church History, Christology and Homiletics. The course will extend through two months, and embrace two hundred lec- tures, with regular practical training in the art of preparing and delivering sermons. More specific- 256 td > w o O > M r w K o PRESIDENT OF BETHANY COLLEGE 257 ally, the subjects treated will be: The People of God and Their Land; The Book of God, its Origin, His- tory and Interpretation; The Christ, His Divinity, Humanity, Life, Sacrifice, Resurrection, Doctrine, Government and Second Coming; The Church, its Origin, Growth, Conflicts, Corruptions, Reforma- tion, Missionary Spirit and Ultimate Destiny; The Preacher, his Work and Duty in reference to all these- — what he must do and how he must do it. It is to be a free-will offering of the faculty of Bethany College for promoting the efficiency of the ministry. Dr. R. Richardson, Dr. J. T. Barclay, Prof. C. L. Loos and Y^. K. Pendleton are announced as the regular and responsible lecturers in this course, and partial assurance of aid from Isaac Errett and P. S. Fall as lecturers on special topics. The 26th session, the first of Mr. Pendleton's presidency, is in every way a prosperous one. For studiousness and general good behavior the students are specially commended. Financially, the institu- tion was rising in prosperity. Every year was add- ing to the endowment fund. Means was yet wanted to complete the building, but this was coming in with encouraging promptness and liberality. The closing scenes of the session were unusually interest- ing and profitable. Eight young men received the graduating honors, among them H. McDiarmid, who afterward became President of the college. There were eighty students in attendance during the session. Among the visitors at the commencement were R. M. Bishop, J. A. Garfield, James Darsie, Joseph King, J. P. Robison, J. H. Jones, Wesley Lanphear, D. R. Gans, Constant Lake and a host of 17 258 LIFE OF W. K. PENDLETON others. John F. Rowe was alumni lecturer, and represents the alumni dinner as "bordering much on the gastronomic; the literary performances opening and closing with a serious Rowe^ the poet being Non esty and the orator in swampiiin up stuTnpuin.'''' The Trustees passed unanimously a resolution that the sons of preachers of all Protestant denominations should be educated at Bethany College free of all cost of tuition. From the beginning the college offered its advantages gratuitously to young men preparing for the ministry, and it annually educated, on the average, one-fourth of its students free of tuition, and never turned away a worthy young man under any circumstances because he could not pay his tuition. The faculty, as announced for the 27th session, includes H. W. Harding, Professor of Math- ematics and Astronomy, and B. T. Jones, Tutor. President Pendleton spends the summer vacation in Virginia. The country still shows the ravages of war. He passes Bull Run and other battlefields. For many miles the land is yet a waste; fences are gone, houses are gone, people are gone, fields grow- ing up in underbrush, the clay about the great en- campments and bloody battlefields is still seen, and long lines of fortifications streak the green fields with their ridges; at intervals the remains of blockhouses, stockades, breastworks and other bar- riers to bullets. He went to Cuckoo to attend a funeral service in honor of his mother. The dis- course was preached by James W. Goss. "I did not see her die," he writes. "Her last blessing to me was while she was yet the venerable, living mother in Israel, white with her near eighty winters, but PRESIDENT OF BETHANY COLLEGE 259 still in the full ripeness of piety and faith. She did not think we would meet again on earth, and look- ing back upon that moment, I seem to see her stand- ing upon the threshold of her new life, bidding me adieu until I should join her in the better land. There was the tear of parting and hope of meeting — the dew of earth and the sunshine of heaven, the cloud and the bow — and thus I left her to see her no more on earth. My mind does not think of her as in the grave; but as I saw her there upon the thresh- old of the new life, so now I follow her within the gates, and think of her as with others who have left us and who are awaiting our coming beyond the river, and so I sorrow not as those who are without hope. Heaven is brought nearer to us as it is filled with so many that we love." While in Virginia Mr. Pendleton visited Mr. Goss at Piedmont. Then he attends a meeting at Mace- donia, Orange County, where he meets Dr. W. H. Hopson. From Orange he goes to Richmond to fill Dr. Hopson's pulpit, and while there is the guest of W. J. Pettigrew, and meets his old friend and schol- arly brother, John B. Cary, then a commission mer- chant of the city. He mentions Spence, Fife, Magruder and others. He writes of the sorrow in so many homes; the sad stories that hang "like funeral badges about the knockers of many a door." Mr. Pettigrew's home is situated just outside the first line of fortifications across the famous Williamsburg turnpike, and a little beyond he sees in the distance the gleam of the busy spades of the burial corps consigning to honored graves the remains of the thousands who fell upon the many battlefields around 26o LIFE OF W. K. PE-NDLETON Richmond. The government is gathering them into the National Cemetery. He describes Hollywood and Oakwood, where 14,000 men sleep their last sleep. Richmond does not seem to him as it once did. A sort of lethargy appeared to hang about it. There was not the same air of gay and bouyant life. People were not so much in the streets, and the stream of joyous life had retired from the public places. Men looked thoughtful, women veiled and sad. There is a deep and abiding discontent among the people. The substitution of "The First Mili- tary District" for old Virginia tells the story. From Richmond Mr. Pendleton goes to Louisa C. H., and joins Dr. Hopson in another protracted meeting. He describes the Doctor as supremely gifted as a preacher. His manner and style and method and matter are all his own. He is lucid as a sunbeam, and no one with common intelligence can fail to understand him. He is not only the un- rivaled favorite with the people, but is universally respected and beloved by the preachers, because, with a manly frankness that knows no disguises, he is the soul of honor and model of courtesy in all his relations to his co-laborers in the ministry of the Word. Here he meets ly. A. Cutler also, "a graduate of Bethany, and one of the most effective preachers in the state; full of zeal, and of a most exemplary piety, held everywhere in high esteem and affection- ate regard, both by the Church and the world." He goes to Salem to another meeting. He meets T. A. Crenshaw and R. L. Coleman also. He says the negroes still meet in the churches with the whites. PRESIDENT OF BETHANY COLLEGE 261 At some of the meetings their attendance was fully as large as in former times, but there is manifestly a orowinof distance between the two races which he regrets to see. It is a new problem in politics whether they can live together equally free, and yet socially and politically isolated and antagonistic, without animosities and collisions which will ulti- mately ripen into violence and civil tumult. He expresses all confidence in the strong practical sense and wise patriotism of the American people, and an abiding faith in the good purposes of God toward this favored land and all her people. Another tour in the interest of the college is through Pennsylvania. A district meeting is at- tended at Lock Haven. With N. J. Mitchell, James Darsie, L. B. Hyatt, R. H. Johnson and many others, he enjoys rich fellowship. He is en- tertained by A. H. Best, one of the pillars of the Church, with whom he finds "a happy resting place." From Lock Haven he goes to Newcastle, and is with John, Thomas and Charles Phillips. He preaches in the Baptist Church and is much pleased with the fraternal bearing of the pastor, William Cowden. A good old sister is somewhat painfully shocked by his "Campbellism," but he hopes the pastor will reconcile her to the truth and show her the way of the Lord more perfectly. Mr. Cowden afterward himself found this so-called "Campbellism" a very acceptable gospel. Mr. Pendleton, in addition to his correspondence, discusses in the Harbinger this year Repentance, Baptism and Forgiveness, Missionary Societies, 262 LIFE OF W. K. PENDLETON Dijfficulties in Discipline, Born of Water, Visions and Experimental Religion, etc. An incident of this first year of his presidency is the burning of the steward's inn. On the morning of the 13th of December, it was wholly destroyed by fire. No one was injured and private property was all saved. "We had $10,000 insurance," says Mr. Pendleton, "and the inconvenience can soon be remedied." The 27th session of Bethany opened in September, 1868, with a larger attendance of students than at any time since before the Civil War. "As a class," says the president; "they have never been surpassed for morality, intellectual development and devotion to study. More than one-third of them are expecting to engage in the public labors of the Church, and three-fourths of them are consistent members of the Church. The students are in the finest heart. We have never known so much inter- est taken in the societies. The Neotrophian and A. L. Institute, the two literary societies, are of about equal numbers, and whilst the most stirring emulation exists between them, there is a high and honorable bearing from each to the other, and the most cordial reciprocity of all proper and becoming courtesies. Their meetings are conducted with a dignity and strictness of parliamentary order that would be no unprofitable example to the grave and reverend seigniors who constitute our national and state legislatures. Their exercises are of the most improving kind. The students here learn to be pro- ducers. The highest end of intellectual education is to develop the thinking and artistic power; the PRESIDENT OF BETHANY COLLEGE 263 supreme object in moral education is to exalt the conscience under tlie light of divine law into the regulative power of all greatness. These high aims cannot be reached by simply explaining the pro- cesses or stating the rules. Practice is the necessary trainer, and nothing in common with the college so meets this need as well conducted societies for read- ing, exercises in original composition, declamations and debates. "The Adelphian Society is also largely attended, and with the happiest results. This is the society for the young preachers, though it often has pious young men in its membership who are not, as yet, determined on the gospel ministry. It is an admir- able school for the training which young preachers need, and promises to turn out from its present class some able and eloquent proclaimers of the gospel." He makes a plea for more preachers. "Will not the friends of Bethany consider her great work as an educator in the past, and send us an increase of ma- terial to prepare for still greater usefulness? The Church is growing faster than the ministry. Let us be wise and provide for the wants of the congrega- tions in time. The message of God should be de- livered by responsible messengers. Even in apos- tolic times the greatest preacher was a chosen scholar. Fitness to preach and success in preaching did not depend upon simple inspiration. Among the original apostles, Peter only was eminent. Only a few were writers. Barnabas and Silas and Philip and Apollos were not of the twelve, and yet they stand out upon the page of inspiration as chosen orators for the Cross. Natural gifts and acquired 264 LIFE OF W. K. PENDLETON fitness were looked to by the great Head of the Church. When a man was to be chosen to carry the truth to the Gentiles, Paul was selected, — a man of exquisite culture,— brought up at the feet of Gama- liel, that he might be qualified to dispute with the Jews, and a citizen of Tarsus, born free, and read in Greek literature, that he might argue with philoso- phers, and enchain with his eloquence the courts of emperors and the judges of the Areopagus. He did not use words of mati'^s wisdom^ but still, they were words of wisdom, — God's wisdom, — and wisely used. As a writer, too, Paul and John and Peter are the mighty men, — Paul mightiest of them all. 'Things hard to be understood,' he had to write about; and look at his eloquence, his logic, his dia- lectics! Study his style — perspicuity, energy, ele- gance, — all the grand essentials of a great and ac- complished writer shine and burn and glitter through his immortal sentences. He bears you on like a mighty river, — deep, yet pellucid to its bot- tom, — resistless in its strength and beautiful in every turn and ripple of its current. "We want such men now. We want them in our pulpits, and in our printing offices — or the places that lie back of the printing offices, where our literature is born. When the great spirit of Alexan- der Campbell was among us, he was learning and logic enough for most men. The echo of his great blows is still coming and going in many a little de- bate of pioneer polemics. What infinite dishes of hash have been chopped up and stewed out of them! How many a male Minerva has sprung forth full armed from his Jovian brain! From Great Britain PRESIDENT OF BETHANY COLLEGE 265 to all the other isles and all over the civilized part of our own great continent, one who knows the ring of his battle axe and the metal of his armor can recog- nize them, pigmies likely enough in themselves, but still with Saul's armor on, and thus, and there- fore too, head and shoulders above other men! But this cannot last. The day of the great man is over, and the monument that should rise over the tomb of his learning and eloquence is an army of preachers, educated as he was to carry on the great work which the Lord began by his hands. "Bethany College was founded by Alexander Campbell for this high purpose, — -and we rejoice to record that it is fulfilling its high design nobly." The commencement, June 16, was never more largely attended, and the president reported an increase of students over the previous session of over fifty per cent. The college was recovering rapidly from its setback of the war, and promised to far sur- pass in point of patronage its best days. Sixteen were honored v/ith the degree of A. B. Among them were B. L. Coleman, George Darsie, B. T. Jones, George T. Oliver and W. H. Schell. An- nouncement is made by Mr. Pendleton of a thorough course in Practical Chemistry under the instruction of Prof. A, E. Dolbear, late laboratory instructor in Michigan University; the course to embrace Quali- tative Analysis and Determinative Mineralogy. Mr. Pendleton's pen is very busy this year. He contributes articles for the Harbinger on Confession unto Salvation, Visions and Experimental Religion, Strife and Division, Faith, The Duty of Baptism, Secret Societies, Baptism and the Lord's Supper, 266 LIFE OF W. K. PENDLETON Unto Remission of Sins, Principle or Expediency, and other themes. The Christian Quarterly is pro- jected, and he accepts the position of associate edi- tor on that magazine. In this additional labor he engages with reluctance, chiefly because he already thinks he has more to do than he can find time to do well. His labors in the cause of missions are unremit- ting. The fight against organized missionary work had been a hot one, and by voice and pen he plead with his brethren to support this holy cause. "We have done all that we could," he declares, "to in- duce a better state of feeling and a more general contribution to the work. The zeal of many who have so long stood up for the society is to a consid- erable degree abating. They have retired before the waves of opposition, and have scarce faith enough left to incite them to a renewed effort. This is the general result of disappointed enthusiasm. Many thought that all Disciples would unite in the heaven- ordained work of missions — they could see nothing more plainly than the duty to preach the Gospel to every creature; they expected hearty, generous and universal co-operation; but they found that some, deemed wise and good, looked with hard eyes upon the noble enterprise; they frowned at it as a thing of strange birth, an exotic in the garden of the Lord, a plant of upas-shadow, beneath which apostolic Christianity might grow sick and perish, and nat- urally enough the love of peace, unwillingness to go on in a general work with a divided brotherhood, and the sense of inability to do by part what de- manded the co-operation and the strength of all — PRESIDENT OF BETHANY COLLEGE 267 these and other causes induced some of the most zealous and hopeful to feel like withdrawing from the work altogether and leaving it to the tender mercies of those who sought its death. "But we think there are cheering evidences of a generous reaction. Perhaps much of the power that rose up against us was spurious — the fungus growth of a malarious atmosphere that the returning breath of peace has blown away. Strange fire upon the altar will sour the incense of the offering. Missions are born of love and flourish only through faith and hope. These are mighty powers, and while they abide there need be no despair. Men of God, wait- ing and watching, see the returning tide and rise up to meet it at its flow. We have never had such a missionary meeting as that of October last. More than five hundred delegates were enrolled. Our noblest men — not all, by any means, but very many — were there. Men of different views, almost antago- nistic views, came up with one heart and went away with one mind. They all wanted the Gospel pro- claimed to the whole world; in this they were of one heart and for this they were willing to sacrifice dif- ferences of opinion, and so they became also of one mind. "Brethren everywhere, one and all, we lay before you the wisdom and the charity of wise heads and great hearts. Will you accept it? We beseech you by your love for the cause, by your sense of duty to the Author of the Great Commission, by your re- spect for the general judgment of a great representa- tive convention, by your love of harmony, by your own prayers for the conversion of the world, rise up 268 LIFE OF W. K. PENDLETON to the help of the Lord, and pour your contributions into the treasury of the Church for this too long neg- lected work of missions." One of the most striking elements of this man's character is his noble, unfailing optimism: a serene faith, an unshaken courage, an abiding hopefulness, which is of infinite value to the Church in times of grave emergency. There is never a note of discour- agement in the darkest hour. His spirit is that of Cromwell's Ironsides, whose watchword was, "The Lord of hosts is with us; the God of Jacob is our refuge." "Saul owed his defeat," says Dr. Guthrie, "more to the malign influence of the witch of Endor than to the arms of the Philistines. When she buried hope in his brave heart, she dug his grave; victory vanished with the mantled phantom; and when Saul, pale, haggard, his spirits depressed, his courage sunken as his eye, went to fight, he had no chance. The battle of Gilboa was lost before it was begun." Several years after he became totally blind, John Milton composed his Treatise on Chris- tian Doctrine, which required constant reference to the sacred volume. A still more extraordinary en- terprise was his Latin Dictionary, a work which might easily wear out a sound pair of eyes. Well might the old poet who after five years of blind- ness had the courage to undertake these two vast works, along with "Paradise Lost," declare that he did "not bate a jot of heart or hope, but still bore up and steered tiphillward.'''' Mr. Pendleton's life- text was Hebrews 10:35. FACULTY IN LATER 60"s. CHAPTER XXII HAEC OLIM MEMINISSE JUVABIT College life is always sui generis. In different institutions it differs, but the general features of this period in every student's experience and every such nursery of youth are substantially the same. A picture of Bethany life in the later sixties would be a picture which every alumnus would recognize. The building on the hill had not been marred by fire. The society halls in the north wing were intact, and beautiful halls they were with open roof, well carpeted floors, photographic groups of graduating classes of successive years hung on the walls, long lines of chairs on either side for the members — the President's seat at one end of the room on a raised platform, and the rostrum for speakers at the other, while the table and seats of the critics were midway the hall. Boys were said to be on *' performance" when on the program, and the exercises consisted of readings, recitations, original essays, orations and debates, each in turn being gravely and learnedly criticised by the two men chosen for this important function, who also passed upon the merits of the discussion. There were four of these halls, three of them used by the American Literary Institute, the Neo- trophian and Adelphian societies, and the fourth as the college chapel. Back of this part of the build- ing a little way was a long, low, ramshackle 269 270 LIFE OF W. K. PENDLETON structure, euphemistically styled the "gymnasium." The new commencement hall in the south wing was in process of erection, and was first used by the class of '71. The corridor and tower were the great features of the splendid architectural pile, the one for songs and tramps, and the other for its imposing beauty and the music of its bell. The town was a veritable Sleepy Hollow, sombre and still, save when incarnadined and made vocal by the college boys. The town folk were the kindly sort that have always made Bethany. Curtis and Kerr, and Lauck and Davis, and Campbell and Hawkins, and Stewart and Lewis, and Lockhart and Rogers, and Ulrick and Gibson, were some of the familiar names. Scattered over the place everywhere students boarded or roomed singly or in clubs. Perhaps the most famous of the latter class was the Kit-Kat, which had rooms under the college building. No institution connected with Bethany, it is safe to say, ever achieved so distinctive a place, or lingers more fragrantly and flagrantly in the halls of memory. Its bill of fare was not equal to that of the Waldorf- Astoria, nor its table talk quite up to that of the great Kit-Kat of the eighteenth century when Steele and Addison, Congreve and Dryden, Walpole and Stepney, sat about the board of Christopher Catt and ate his mutton pies, but it was a noble institu- tion in its way, and the portraits of its members would have done honor to Sir Godfrey Kneller's canvas. Another club was the Virginia, whose bill of fare was printed in Latin, ab ova ad mala^ and whose members lived in the back rooms of the Curtis store building; and a club by the same name HAEC OLIM MEMINISSE JUVABIT 271 that kept house in the first building on the left at the foot of the college hill as one entered the town. Those were days of plain living and high think- ing. Bethany beef was noted for its toughness of fibre, and Bethany, treacle for its delicacy of flavor. Mush and milk were a famous confection; potatoes and apple sauce were regarded as a sumptuous meal. Cove oysters and sardines and crackers, apple butter, eggs and apples helped to make late hours in stu- dents' rooms endurable. Appetites were enormous. One boy thought nothing of eating a dozen hard- boiled eggs at a sitting after devouring everything in sight at the club. Another kept a frying pan on hand, and at midnight often would prepare a dish fit for Prince Henry, with a quarter of a peck of potatoes and a dash of garlic, and consume it as a sedative before retiring. The same boy on one occasion, when he got a fair show at a city restau- rant, ate ninety cents' worth of farinaceous tubers of the Early Rose variety when they were selling at twenty-five cents a. bushel on the street, and boasted of the achievement! Half a dozen Virginia boys, brought up on hot bread, gathered one night about a huge pan of fresh biscuits just from the oven, and entered upon a competitive eating match. One de- clared he could eat as many as his friend, the potato fiend, but he consum.ed only six, while the other IvUcullus easily disposed of nine, and was still ahungered. Bethany society at this time was very delightful. Such homes as those of Dr. Richardson, Col. A. Campbell, Albert Allen, Prof. lyoos and President Pendleton welcomed the students. Three of the 272 LIFE OF W. K. PENDLETON faculty were baclielors, and could not contribute in this large way to the social life of the institution, but were exceptionally gracious and friendly in all their intercourse with the boys. Many of the village people contributed to make the student's life home-like, and Wellsburg, and even Wheeling, had some share in this ministry. "Biz" was brisk. The girls of Bethany — who can ever forget them! Some had been the girls of Bethany since the foun- dation of the college, and had rejoiced in the tri- umphs and wept over the valedictories of class after class. Some, it may be, had penned little perfumed notes and dispatched them by the Bethany small boy to more than one favorite, served as "steady company" for them at prayer-meetings and society performances, crowned them with blossoms on com- mencement day, even entered into tender relations with them, and then — found others more agreeable to their coy and inconstant fancy; yet many a boy came to know at Bethany the best woman that ever lived. The girls of Bethany — they are staid matrons now, but they stayed for many com- mencements before they became matrons! Diversions were few. An occasional ride to Wheeling or Pittsburg to hear such men as Gough or Wendell Phillips was a red letter event, and a visit to Wellsburg was even a matter of record, but many of the students never stirred beyond the limits of the little town. Books and the societies absorbed them. Baseball was a favorite outdoor game. Win- ter always brought fine skating on the creek, and sledding on the hillside, and when the season of mud was not with us there were splendid walks HAEC OLIM MEMINISSE JUVABIT 273 along the pike or over the hills. The banks of the Buffalo afforded charming strolls for the reflective youth, and Three-State Hill, I^ogan's Hollow, the Lone Grave, the Camp Ground, the Falls and Bethany Mansion were some of the attractive spots. Now and then a peripatetic lecturer came around, but the evening amusements were mostly provided by the college talent. Holidays at Bethany were like angels' visits. President Pendleton had the University of Virginia idea, and Thanksgiving day, the week of Christmas and the twenty-second of February were the only let-ups in .the college year. Hazing was never carried to any extreme in those good days. Certain fellows of the baser sort would, at rare intervals, indulge in "snipe shooting" when the unsuspecting plebe was conducted to some re- cess among the hills out of sight of the college, and set to watch while his companions set out to explore the coves for the birds. Left alone to his medita- tions, he would come to himself after a time and have to find his way home as best he could. The process of "smoking out" was also resorted to once in a while. A handful of 'red pepper on a layer of ashes covering some live coals in a scuttle and placed in the hallway, soon sent the young man, struggling for breath, to a window, which, like as not, he would find securely fastened. The Kan- garoo Court was an ancient fraud which sat in a barn or some other out-of-the-way temple of jus- tice, and some smart Aleck or clownish freshman would be summoned to appear before it. Judge and jury, lawyers and witnesses were all in regular session, grave and absurd charges made, the case 18 274 LIFE OF W. K. PENDLETON argued as for life or death, and sentence imposed in due and solemn form. Greek fraternities were a popular feature of Beth- any life: the Delta Tan Delta, the Phi' Kappa Psi, the Beta Theta Pi, and other fraternities, were well represented here, and added much to the social pleasure and the formation of close friendships. Great secrecy attended the meetings, and a general air of mystery gathered about their doings, but they had their place in the college program. The religious atmosphere of Bethany was always wholesome. The church and its services, had an exalted place. Prof. I^oos was the preacher at this time, and his pulpit work was admirable. In every respect he was a factor in the development of student character. His sermons were alv\^ays in- structive and forceful, and his life an illustration of what he taught. He "allured to brighter worlds and led the way." As Chaucer says: "Christ's lore and his apostles twelve He taught and first he followed it himself." President Pendleton usually presided at the Lord's table, and his beautiful and appropriate remarks al- ways made that ordinance a most holy season. What a rare devotional volume those communion talks would have made; — an anthology indeed, which would have richly adorned our Church litera- ture. Now and then Dr. Richardson or Elder A. W. Campbell would break the loaf. Occasionally a student was invited to preach in the evening. This was a supreme honor, and the boys were his most appreciative hearers. The prayer-meetings had HAEC OLIM MEMINISSE JUVABIT 275 also a worthy place. Many of the students had fine voices and the singing was full of inspiration. There was no instrument, and serious consequences might have followed its introduction among the anti-organists. Many of the young men were prac- ticed speakers, and there were few pauses. The women took no part. Generally Prof. lyoos led, and had only to give the meeting a slight impulse — it ran itself. Few of the students ever neglected this mid-week service. A number of the young men were preachers, and practiced on the churches near Bethany. One re- members delivering an alleged sermon at Dutch Fork on his nineteenth birthday. He took a chum along with him He failed on the sermon and his chum on the L^ord's Prayer, and they did not go again. The same young theologian wrote a sermon of great length and profundity, practiced it for a week in Logan's Hollow, and got it off on the In- dependence congregation. He preached an hour and a quarter and they slept the sleep of the just. He was not called to serve that church. I^ater he preached at West I^iberty and was for a time preacher, Sunday-school superintendent, Bible-class teacher and sexton at six dollars a Sunday. Final- ly, he was for a brief period the pulpit supply at * 'Little Washington," where they paid him ten dol- lars a week, and when they asked him if that was enough he said, "Yes, it's more than the sermons are worth." This practicing was great for the preachers, but hard on the churches. The faculty of the college was not large at this time, but strong. Five as faithful men and as gifted 276 LIFE OF W. K. PENDLETON teachers as the land could afford filled the chairs. President Pendleton was the father of us all, and "Billy K." was the title by which he was affection- ately and proudly known among the boys. Charles lyouis Loos was professor of Languages, an intense and laborious man, who impressed himself pro- foundly on every student. His characteristic say- ings and anecdotes were more quoted and comment- ed upon than those of any man in the faculty. His peculiar walk, his bearing in the class room, his strenuous way of driving ideas into the dullest crani- um, his thorough earnestness and genuineness, and robustiousness of character and teaching, could not be forgotten. We knew him simply as "Prof Loos." H. Wilson Harding was in the chair of Mathemat- ics and Astronomy. He came to Bethany in the fall of '66, and left in '73, when he went to Lehigh University and was head of the Electric Engineering department until 1896. A handsome man, tall and a trifle deaf, of highest mental and moral type, dig- nified, courtly and gracious, an exceptionally fine educator — the boys knew him as "Wilse Harding." He was a brother of Mrs. Rebecca Harding Davis, and an uncle of Richard Harding Davis. A. Emerson Dolbear taught the Natural Sciences, and was thorough in his specialty. .He came from Ann Arbor in ^6"] and left in '74 for Tufts College, Boston, and has been there ever since. A plain, blunt, matter-of-fact, yet most kindly gentleman; of strict integrity, with about everything that one ever needs to know of physics, chemistry, botany, zoolo- gy, geology and such like bother, stored away in his HAEC OLIM MEMINISSE JUVABIT 277 peculiarly formed head, and with excellent skill in imparting it to others — the boys, as a unique specim'en, labeled him just "Dolbear." Since leaving Bethany, Prof. Dolbear has forged his way to the front as one of the leading electricians of this age of electricity. His achievements all had their beginnings, however, on Bethany soil. There is a tradition that the first telephone ever heard of was stretched by him, and used successfully on the college corridor, and John L