E 3! j LIBRARY OF CONCtRESS. I [SMITHSONIAN DEPOSIT.] i UNITED vSTATES OF AMERICA f I h < h :z; 0^1 ti Q liJ I J 21 d %/'%''^^''%''%^'^ Cj \. PRICE 25 CENTS SIKGLE ; S2 P ER D OZE N ; $10 PER HVy DEED r ■ — — -'—~ " ; THE NUTSHELL. ^ ^ THE SYSTEM OF AMERICAN SLAVERY " TESTED BY SCRIPTURE," J?^^ BEING ^i,-J A SHORT METHOD " WITH PRO-SLAYERY D.D's, WHETHER DOCTORS OF DIVINITY, OR OF DEMOCRACY, EMBRACING AXIOMS OF I SOCIAL, CIVIL, AND POLITICAL ECONOMY, AS DIVINELY IMPRESSED UPON THE HUMAN )NSCIENCE AND SET FORTH IN DIVINE REVELATION. ) IN TWO LECTURES By m Laymak or the Protestant Episcopal CkuPvCh tk tke Diocesk OF CoxNECTicrr. TO WHICH ARE ADDED BRIEF EXTRACTS, "TEACHINGS OF PATRIOTS AND STATESMEN," &c., &o. , ALSO, An Qutdne Compcn^ o[ t1)c Ajncau S(auc- 1 raie. COPY RIGHT SECURED. NKW YORK: 1802. ADVERTISEMENT. On submitting the following Lectures to the public through the press, it is to be noted, a full year has eJapsed since their preparation. No essential modifi- cation seems dictated by the intervening changing scenes of the drama of Eebellion, however these may present many important suggestions, as experience ever does, illustrative of the fundamental and unchan- geable truths here laid down ; so with little or no variation from their original draft, nor yet leaving the experience of the year unimproved, as may be sug- gested in the sequel, we submit these Lectures to the enlightened conscience and judgment of the true phil- anthropic and patriotic American Unionist. A word as to our title-page. A "Nutshell'^ is pre- sumed to be closely filled with nutricious meat, in all its compartments. Ours is easily cracked, but cannot be rifled. Warranted good for long years. As these Lectures, not originally prepared for the specific purpose of being published, have been, in man- uscript, decidedly approved by most competent judges, as well adapted to be extensively and permanently useful : no affectation of difiidence shall belie the im- plied concurrence of the Author, by their publication. The principal motive is : that after three score years of her "nursing case and protection," to do our "Country some service," in perhaps the most practicable mode ; j (since imused to fight, yet not to write ;) and thus con- tribute io unity o/coim^e/, tending at \Q^'&i lo unity of ( policy, toward the only sure overthrow of Rebellion. Only "Righteousness exalteth a nation, but sin is a reproach to any people." It is specially designed that in all places where the "Nutshell" {icarranted full of nutricious meat) may be sold in considerable quantities, as on occasions of the public delivery of these Lectures ; all surplus profits thence arising, exceeding fair remuneration, shall be appropriated to any fund for the relief of sick ajid wounded soldiers or sailors, or similar object, Jipril, 1862. ■ . J V PREFACE. - A FEW pages of the Lectures here presented were ^.outlined soon after the National Fast of 4th of Janu- ^" ary last, with special reference to certain sermons, addresses, &c., which had recently appeared in apol- ogy, defence or justification of the " Institution" of American slaver}-. That outline served but to famil- iarize the subject, and more clearly to indicate the proper field of argument, as based upon the concur- Jence of the innate, unsophisticated Human Conscience with the Holy Scriptures, applying to these the Key of our Blessed Saviour — ''Bui in t/ie beginning it was not so.'^ With this incipient preparation, the present Lec- tures are the result of the almost impromptu opera- tions of the mind of the w^riter, with the open Bible, as the pen progressed. However these same reason- ings may have^been presented by others, neither the plan nor mode of presenting or applying them have l)een borrowed, for in the way of reading, the writer had given the subject but a very limited and cursory attention ; while coincidences will be both rational and corroborative. The plan, as appears, was not pre- scribed, but evolved in execution. It is not to be overlooked, as a pre-requisite and legitimate prepara- tion for the argument, the fundamental position as- signed to the Human Coxsciexce. The termerity of an humble kyman, in attempting a refutation of the subtle sophistries of learned Doctors in Divinity and Law, is not without precedent, as the encounter with a slino: and a stone, ao-ainst shield and spear, is an ever memorable example; Q,ua we hope, without arrogance, in the present case, w^ith like re- sult. We say — with like result — yet herewith concur- ring, " Tlie man. convinced against- Ms ■will, Is of the same opinion still ;" So too Goliath, slain, must fill His fittinp: place — GoUath. still. Or, So too, indeed, Goliath slain, His tittiniT place must neede retain. June, 1861. IXTRODUCTIOX. "A-SD iLiiiiu said, Great men are not always wise. But there is a spirit in man, and the Inspiration of the Almighty giyeth them nnderstanding. Therefore I also will show mine opinion." "For the spirit Tfithin me constraineth me.'' See Job \ wn entire. In the great "' Conflict of Ages/* — of the supremacy of Good oyer Evil — of Tmth QTer Error — the propo- sition is incontrovertible, that the simple moral ele- ments, Goodness and Trnth, command the ready con^ durence of the heaven-derived Eumax Co>:scies'ce. Yet is it a remarkable and lamentable fact, so-great diversity exists as to the particular combinations and phases through i^-hich these elements become tangi- ble, visible, and operative, in the field of actual "con- flict.'' It would surely be passing strange, — but that herein is the "conflict,*' — that where all are equally interested in preserving the genuine currency of Heaven's mint, counterfeit coin of evil should become any considerable proportion of the circulation, — more strange that it should supplant the genuine, and yet more — that the counterfeiters themselves should bold- ly advocate, even with immimity, the equality — ave, superiority of the bogus coin. * The question as'to "the baptism of John, was it of Heaven, or of men ?" (or, H — 11), -would be equally pertinent, as to Freedom, or Slavery. And yet it has come to pass, Mirabiie Didu ! when grave and reverend Doctors of Divinity, not only find ap^ylogy for Slavery, as a Providential evil in the world, eschewing its inherent sinfulness, but boldly assert ita Divine institution, as displaying in eminent degree the Divine Love and Benevolence. And we are not a lit- tle pained to mark the assent of some yrhom we mos^ highly esteem, love and venerate, for their \York'r sake : that Shivery is not, per se. sin, or in any proper sense, of original Evil. Although ever disposed to a lenient judgment on the system of Slavery, as of other evils consequent to a state of Probation, Avhich Earth, since the fall, ever has been, is, and until the ^illennium,will be : and, but for the present wicked rebellion, unparalleled since that of the rebel angels, ^ve would have volunteered an apology for the "peculiar institution," as not abso- lutely irreconcileable, under "peculiar" circumstan- ces, with Christian profession ; we were not, however, prepared to hear its absolution, nay, justification, on principles of Christianity, but were impelled by the '* Spirit in man" to reconsider the whole matter, and " Search the Scriptures to see if these things were so." The result of this examination, intent for truth, for truth's sake, is somewhat analagous to the case of an Ancient Seer, when called to curse Israel, reversing the predicates as to the System of American slavery. In the former case, blessing, instead of cursing ; in the latter, condemnation, instead of palliation. Hence the following!: *o LECTIEES : BIBLICAL, MORAL. AXD POLITICAL. We first propose for our strict observance in the progress of this examination, these following implied cautions : — "Not handling the word of God deceitful- ly, but by manifestation of the truth, commending our- selves to everv man's conscience in the sight of God." 2d Cor. rv : 2.' '• Wo unto them that call evil good, and good evil ; that put darkness for light, and light for darkness : that put bitter for sweet, and sweet for bitter." Is;v v: 20. But for the grand test of Truth in religious and moral teaching, concurrent with the innate "Ccin- 5X7e;ice,"— "spirit in man,"—" inspiration of the Al- miglitj," shall be the rule of our Blessed Saviour. " In the beginning it was not so." the glorious simplicity and comprehensiveness of Divine Truth ! Here indeed, as in a nutshell, is em- braced the entire argument. The conclusion is at once apparent, inevitable, irresistable. Polemics have no i^lace. The soul, telegraphed from Heaven, through its own unrivalled Electric-Thoughfc, with a derisive compassion, dispenses with the plodding logic of hoof, or engine ; of induction, or syllogism ; already rejoic- ing in the truth, and " inwardly digesting" the precept " Whatsoever ye would that men should do unto you do ye even so unto them." While buckling on our armor, the victory is won. The walls of Modern Jericho— citadel of Slavery- have fallen, ere the ram's-horns have sounded. Let it then be our pleasure, and our invigorating exercise, since spared the labor, to note the stations more prom- inent, past which we have sped, Nor in our progress do we care to please the hyper-critical. In laying the foundation of our argument we but follow a truly illustrious example — declaring — "IFe hold these truths to he self-evident,'' &c. Thus we pre- mise — It is an incontrovertible Truth : There is a moral, mutual relation of man to man, underlying all possible accidental conditions of his being, established by his Crtator, as a fundamental law of his existence, involving common necessities, w^th common mutual duty and dependence. To vary the proposition,— Man is eminently a Moral Agent— Ziii& no voluntary act of liis can be dissevered from the moral obligation of love and obedience to God, and what " is like unto it'^ —equal, reciprocal good will to his fellow-man. Hence . it is not only eminently fit and proper — " meet and right, hut our hounden duty^ at all times, and in all places,'' yea under all possible circumstances, in every volun- tary act, first of all, to settle the question of its moral character. It is also self-evident, superceding proof, that the innate Human Conscience, unsophisticated, " unseared/*" is the proper faculty in man for apprehending moral truth and duty. The intellectual powers are its couir- sellers, while itself approves, or condemns. Be it freely admitted that the Bible, as the basis of Protestant Christianity, God's revelation to man, is the proper rule of faith aud practice ; yet it is not so much an original revelation, as a rescript, a reminder, of the Divine law written upon the heart. True, " All Scripture is given by inspiration of God, and is profit- able for doctrine, for reproof, for correction, for in- sti uction in righteousness." " But there is a spirit in man, and the Inspiration of the Almighty giveth them understanding." This " Inspiration of the Almighty" is '•' that Light which lighteth every man that cometh into the world" — the Divinely inspired Human Con- science, Hereby was " God's own image '' so impressed on man, that he thence " became a living soul." A mystery this, we remark incidentally, akin to the mi- raculous incarnation of our Blessed Saviour. Con- science is truly and spiritually " God with us." It is the more special and essential medium or mode of God's omnipresence to every child of Adam, however surrounded by his Providence. It is that faculty of the soul which seeks and reciprocates truth in the love of it. Hence with peculiar force is the appeal of the great Apostle — " Commending ourselves to every man^s conscience in the sight of God." It is important to note, the conscience of every man must be essentially the same, since the ^ame appeal is to " eveiy man's con- science,^' God's "Image," as Himself, is unchangea- ble, the same, yesterday, to-day, and forever ; the same in all men ; in all ages. Our purpose is to establish clearly the entire con- currence of conscience with Divine revelation, in de- fining man's particular duties and relations, and that too with special reference ta Slavery. We therefore will endeavor to cultivate the most intimate acquaint- ance with this Divine representative, although ''he be not far from every one of usP The mandates of a wise and good King are com- mended less by his power, than to the love and loy- 8 alty — the conscience, of his subjects. So God's written word or revelation is ever addressed to an approving conscience, wo mean, conscience unseared. Conscience is the inward Monitor of the soul — the intuitive dis- cerner between right and v/rong; with unerring pre- cision approving or condemning, to the full measure of moral responsibility. It may indeed be silenced by the imperious usurpations of a perverse will. It sus- pends judgment while the passions rule, but becomes a fierce accuser, " biting like a serpent and stinging like an adder, until a genuine repentance, insuring free forgiveness. Every sin is arraigned at the bar of conscience, al- though the God-given and true, may for the time b-e ejected from the judgment seat, or supplanted by a false, an artificial, a mock conscience, quieting itself in the perversion, or deceitful handling, of God's vrord. He is a bold sinner in defiance of conscience, but will rather substitute its semblance. And yet as we fear, there is a fathomless dej^th, v/ithout even its sem- blance, from which no appeal to Conscience meets re- sponse. To any one so irrecoverably lost, we address 110 argument. '^ Cast not your pearls before swine." Of the true, Divinely inspired Conscience, has an eminent saint (Bp. Wilson) exclaimed — "Better die a thousand deaths, than sin against my Conscience." So also the poet — " What conscience dictates to be done, Or warns me not to do, This, teach me more than hell to shun, That, more than heaven pursue." f It is often argued, that those best acquainted with certain conditions of life, are best qualitied to judge of their moral character ; and therefore the truest judgment of Slavery, is to be found in slave communi- ties. As well may we look for an enlightened and true judgment on the subject of Intemperance, in grog ehops; on chastity and moral purity, in brothels; on fraud and theft, among knaves and thieves ; on trea- son, among traitors ; on sins of any sort, among the habitually sinning. Implication in sin is a key to its apology, or justifi- cation. It may be safely assumed, had Slavery never existed in our nation, not a single Doctor of Divinity of our ten thousand clergy could be found, who would stake his orthodoxy on a Bible defence of the institu- tion. It may also be safely assumed, no national sin could withstand the united efforts of a faithful Gospel Ministr}^ in a Christian nation. Will not they be held justly responsible for the sins which they palliate or justify, whos3 special office and duty it is, to " cry aloud and spare not, and show the people their trans- gressions " '? It is a very adroit exculpation, to charge the sin upon its occasion ; most satisfactory indeed as to the sin of Slavery, it having long, long ago, been saddled upon our nation — yes. Providentially ! This was pre- cisely the method of our first parents. Eve charged her sin upon the Serpent w^ho beguiled her ; and Ad- am, almost directly upon God himself " The woman whom thou gavest to be with me, she gave me of the tree and I did eat." Still will the apologist of Slavery reiterate, as, though hard pressed on the open field of argument, seeking shelter in this strong-hold, deemed impregna- ble — *' Surely, it exists by God's Providence." And what, indeed, in the Material or Moral Universe, does not exist by God's Providence — ordained, commanded, or permitted ? Joseph sold by his brethren, " who meant it Jor evil ;" the Saviour, '' hy wicked hands cru^ cijjed and slain ; " yea. Hell itself ! into Avhich *' the wicked shall be turned, and all the nations that forget God." To plead God's Providence in palliation of sin, is but impious audacity. The occasions of ein are but the incidents of a state of probation, neces- sary as such, yet not necessitating the sin ; but are equal occasions of Virtue and Godliness, in shunning or resisting temptation. Conscience — for we cannot become too familiar with this inward monitor, the moral light of the soul, — is in its nature inextinguishable ; however it may be temporarily smothered. It is the Porter at the gate : 10 the watchman of the heart's citadel ; charged with double duty, first as monitor, second, as accuser and witness. Drugged by an opiate, or felled by a blow ; it may fail in the first ; but will surely recover to per- form its final duty of accuser and witness. Reason and Conscience, though not identical, are inseparable companions. Both concur in truth and duty. As there are Axioms in Philosophy, self-evident truths, which the intellect without effort intuitively accepts ; so there are Axioms in Morals as readily ac- cepted by Conscience, and alike adopted by Reason. That Good, and Evil, are essentially distinct, antago- nistic principles, involving weal, or woe, is a Moral Axiom, as seJf-evident to the Conscience, as that a whole equals all its parts, is self-evident to the Intel- lect. Both propositions alike supersede proof. Nor can the essentially Evil, be made essentially Good, or vice versa. " Wo to them that call evil good, and good evil.'-' It is evident that for wise purposes, inscrutabk by us, yet apprehensible, as suited to a state of moral pro- bation, these antagonistic elements. Good and Evil. have ever been the conflicting attendants upon our common humanity, consequent upon "the taste of that forbidden tree, whiah brought death into the world, and all our woe." From these elements are derived the only moral qualities which pertain to human acts. "Do men gather grapes of thorns, or figs of this- tles V' Is it wise to cultivate thorns and thistles, or will not the good husbandman rather eradicate the noxious growth ? What if an enemy hath sown tares among tlie Vv'heat ; however i:)rudently be may await the liarvest, lest in eradicating the tares he root up the wheat also; will he not the more carefully exclude foul seed from adjoining fields ? The existence of Evil, is a problem not h^re to be discussed ; the individual sin is in preferring, adopt- ing it. "It must needs be that offences will come ; but woe to him by whom the offence cometh."^ It must needs be that evil exist in a state of probation ; but woe to him who calls it Good. Until the Millen- 11 liiurn, Evil may never be sensibly diminished, but rather may cuhninate as now it v/ould seem, Satan loosed, the Hydra of the infernal lake, defying vastly greater than Herculean strength ; Slavery being chief of its hundred heads. Since Evil is permitted in this state of probation ; and, since laws may not eradicate, they are necessarily enacted to regulate and restrain ; shall we therefore justify it, "call evil good" ? With the light 'of a truthful conscience thus trimmed and burning, we will be also none the less aided by that corresponding light, the word of God. "Thy word is a lamp unto my feet, and a light unto my path." These tests are to each other, mutual ; and on all moral questions, concurrent, With these answering Lights, we will proceed now to examine both the Chris- tianity, and Moralit3",of the System of American Slavery; utterly destitute, as we shall find, of a redeeming fea- ture, as to its legal status ; albeit a few scattered rays from the sun of Christianity may penetrate the inter- stices of its prison walls ; and the sympathies of a genial humanity may in greater or less degree lighten the oppression of its chains. We condemn not the gradation of allotments by which, Providentially, very many are called to subordinate duties j — a moderate servitude even, if it be not robbery of one's self, or of God, rendering an equivalent, "just and equal." Such was the Jewish servitude, which for precedent, a Jew- ish Rabbi, with certain Christian Doctors, has pre- sumed to denominate Slavery ! yQi its extreme was no parallel to American Slavery, as we shall see hereaf- ter. Leaving the Jewish Rabbi to the incidental discom- fiture of his argument, as will appear from his own Scriptures, let us notice the fundamental plea of cer- tain Christian Doctors. It is this : Whereas Slavery was tolerated under the Mosaic economy, and was prevalent in the time of our Saviour, (in point of fact, we believe it did not exist in Judea, except as con- nected with Roman officials, nor does it appear our Saviour ever camo in contact with a slave) and ha 12 gave no positive precept against it, as on otlier occa- sions, instance the law of divorce; or again m the enumeration of sundry sins and vices— as "out oi the heart proceed evil thoughts, murders, adulteries, for- nications, thefts, false witness, blasphemies,"--assum- ine: the purpose of our Saviour was« to complete the catalogue of sins ; therefore, z/^ not being thus ckssihed, Slavery is not, per se, sin. Are not indeed Treason, Arson, &c , sinful ? These same Doctors will on other occasions tell us, truly too, after this manner : ^ it does not appear to have been the design of our baviom- to set forth a formal code of Christian Morals; while his incidental precepts, and example of his holy lile, inculcated the highest, broadest bsnevolence. Is not then the word of God handled "deceitfully, when perverted by unwarrantable inferences from its o-eneral purpose of equal justice and henevGle7ice?--ii per- version as gross, (and often much more mischievoas) as to assert that our Saviour has explicitly declared, a rich man cannot enter into the kingdom of Heaven; for we knovv^ a camel cannot pass through the eye ot a needle The obviously consonant, is ever the true, ac- ceptation of Divine teaching. We are sure also it is quite legitimate on analagous, or controverted points, to adopt the rule of right reason prescribed by our ba- viour himself, as in the given case of aivorce ; But in the beginning it was not so." Let us suppose the subject presented to be Polygamy, abounding to excess in highest examples. Might we not expect a similar j-eply— "In the beginning it was not so. Shai v^e palliate sins "not to be named" from the example of the daughters of Lot ? of Judah ?-the sm of drunk- enness from that of Koah ? Habitual sinners of either dass, it is declared, "cannot enter into the kingdom of Heave Q." Who 'does not revolt at the idea of consigning cap- tives in war to a brutal soldiery in ^^^chery or lust^ And yet it is shown, by repeated record, of the JewisH scriptures ; of entire communities, captives ot war; onlv virgins were spared to live, for apportionment 13 among tlie victors.* Moses was a fugitive from jus- tice, amenable to Egyptian law for a capital offence, nurtured too in the family of her Kings. As a simple fact it was murder, and subsequently so charged upon him by one of his own nation, whereupon he sought safety in flight. This seems however to bo recorded as in line of God's judicial dispensation. Tt is not ours to condemn. David was brought unwittingly to pass just sentence upon himself in the character doubly criminal, presented by the Prophet. Nor in those things perniitted through the "hardness of their hearts" — Polygamy, Concubinage, or Slavery — were it so — are such to be imitated. "In the beginning it was not so." "The Scriptures were written for our instruction ;" and while the example of the wicked is to be abhor- red, the sins of good men are to be equally avoided ; "for that ail have sinned." Carefully as we may scan the sacred volume, "Lo this only have we found, that God made man upright, but they have sought out many inventions." These " inventions" — deviations from original "uprightness," are of necessity sinful, as theij source. Let us now recur to "the Beginning" that we mny find the exact status of man, assigned by his Creator. "God created man in his own image, in the image of God created ha him, a male and a female created h^ them." (Dr. Kitto supplies the article, thus preclu- ding Polygamy ) "And God blessed them, and God said unto them, be fruitful and multipl}^ and replenish the Earth, and subdue it, and have dominion over the fish of the sea, and over the fowl of the air, and over every living thing that moveth upon the face of the Earth." Gen. I. 27, 28, (See subsequent lost ten verses, restored on after page.) The man had one wife ; but no slaves created in God's "own image" were included in his proper "do- * See Judges xxi chap., including also a parallel with the Sabiiies of Ro- man history. Also Num. xxxi, 18, 14 minion." But man, hence all meoj "for God hath cre- ated of one blood all nations to dwell upon the face of the earth," have a common "dominion" in the entire subordinate animal and vegetable creation, devised, endowed, invested, by the Creator himself. It is also pertinent to remark the special, proper, distinguishing characteristic of man, repeatedly specified in these records of his Creation — 'Hikeness,^^ ''image of God,^' Do we handle the word of God "deceitfully" — or do we "commend ourselves to every man's conscience," when we assert, that all lawful possessions and "do- minion" are clearly included in these general specifica- tions of God's own rich, free bounty to man ? and yet not a slave is implied ! Far from it ; for contrarywise, man's equality of natural rights could not be more clear by express declaration. The proposition, de- cried by some as "iiifideP^ — "that all men are created free and equal, and are by nature endov^ed with cer- tain inalienable rights," is but the proper commentary on this most explicit ordinance of God. Here then, in this first Chapter of Genesis — "in the Beginning" — do we find the original charter of the rights of man, — the universal, fundamental. Divine law of Property, ^'common law^' of Christendom, enun- ciated by God himself. It is also pertinent to remark here, though digress- ing somewhat from our prescribed line of argument; nor can the monstrous idea of property in man be juaintained, but by the most incongruous superadding to the natural relation, of property, and owner. — Propert}^ of right, in all things else, requires no law of force, as to its particular owner, guarding against its own volition and flight. "The ox knoweth his owner and the ass his master's crib." Property com- mon, is naturally passive in possession, without law appertaining, or adhering, to its owner. If of the an- imated creation, it "knows not the voice of strangers,"^ but is most docile to its owner, although it may go astray. Its only necessary recognition by law, is the designation of its rightful owner as distinguished from other persons ; and for legal transfer, and assessment. 15 Indeed it lias spoken ; "Am not I thine ass ?" True, by a figure, '^riches take wings and fly away ;" — Literally, in the Slave System, property takes legs and runs away. The poor slave steals himself from- his owner, say $1000 — more or less. Query — which is the real thief; the professed owner in holding, or the poor slave in stealing himself ? Both cannot be right. Which of these twain must repent, that he may "escape the dam- nation of hell" ? We "judge not," and only add — "In the Beginning it was not so," and to "the Beginning" let us now return. We here find man's social condition also prescribed, embracing his immediate relative duties, as referred to by the Psalmist. "He setteth the solitary in fami- lies." The family was instituted, of which lawful marriage is the memorial and perpetuation. Also this special injunction was given as to the material Earth, *'?o subdue it,'' While deriving sustenance from its fruits, it was made man's correlative duty "to till the ground." Industry then is ho7iorable, as among the prescribed duties of the progenitor of the race. It may well be doubted if the toil for support, or the sorrows of maternity, should be understood as en- hanced or intensified, in the sentence upon man's dis- obedience ; but that these perpetual conditions should become ever present monitors to man, of his so fatal forfeiture of God's favor ; like as the natural phenom- enon of the "bow in the heavens," was subsequently made the sign or symbol of His mercy. Nor is it difficult to see how irreconcilable are these primeval conditions,with the system of American Slave- ry, so utterly incompatible with the family institution. And we submit it to the conscience, if the repudiation of necessary and useful industry, in field or shop ; ac- counting it servile and dishonorable ; but tasking — enslaving a fellow-man, to an eschewed, unrequited service, be not «, or the, most wicked "invention" of man, in disobedience of God's positive command ; and in evasion of His just yet merciful sentence, "in the sweat of thy brow shalt thou eat bread." (Alas too, for the prevalent folly of delighting in the mere prod- 16 ii6t adapted to necessity, utility, convenience, or orna- ment—yet ignoring the labor, the skill, and ingenuity indispensable to the production.) Nor did Slavery find place in the Ark ; although the inference is fair that it figured prominently when the "Earth had become corrupt and was filled with vio- lence," "and all were swept away by th© flood." These first chapters of Genesis, commonly read or referred to as mere narrative, whether accepted liter- ally, or as an allegorical medium of instruction — the realities being too vast for human conception — are verily the Keij to the sacred volume. In these origi- nal chronicles of the Creation, God has given a Consti- tution — Supreme Law — inwrought also in the heaft and conscience of man, v,^herein is the "likeness — image of God." God himself, in the person of His Son, our Saviour, "without whom v/as not anything made that was made," has placed in our hands this Key of the Scrip- tures, by example demonstrating its admirable sim- plicity, and adaptation to use, in unlocking and defin- ing the proper relations of the sacred records. Do we inquire as to the essential qualities of moral con- duct, as presented in the sacred pages, in History, or in life ? v/e have only to revert, as did our Saviour, to "the Besjinninia:," our "Conscience'' — "God within" — "the spirit in man" — "Inspiration of the Almighty" concurring in the complete and unerring solution. — All possible relations and conditions are easily re- ferable to this epitome of natural rights and duties, in the order of the Creator's own establishment, where- in himself pronounced upon every department the clear, unequivocal character — "very. good" Will it yet be claimed, a plenary dispensation in fa-" vor of Slavery is found in patriarchal examj)le, and in the mere police reg-ulations of the Mosaic economy 1 Why then condemn the ^'Saints of the latter day," nest- ling and broodiDg in the mountain fastnesses and sin- uous vales of Utah 5 there reviving the corruptions of the Israelitish saints of the former day ? Why reject any custom or usage — some not here to be named — ' 17 which may have obtained by permission— not in the sense of indulgence, but "long-suffering" — "through the hardness of their hearts." A precedent has been established by our Saviour in the case of divorce ; also in the law of retaliation. "But in the beginning it was not so." No precedent of higher authority can be found on Earth, or in Heaven ; and it is, we be- lieve, a well defined rule of law, that a precedent in- dubitably established, applies to all similar or anala- gous cases. Ye Reverend Christian Doctors ; — Jewish Eabbi too ; behold the labored, tumulated chaff of your polemics, in apology or justification of American Slavery, scat- tered to the vrinds. "Not handling the word of God deceitfully, but by manifestation [declaration] of the truth, commending ourselves to everij man's conscience, in the sight of God." As on Oath declaring, ^'the truth, the whole truth, and nothing hut the truth, so help 7ne God^' — "m the sight o/GodJ' HoYv^ cutting is the apt irony ! *^Js^ot handding the word of God deceiifulhf^ ! Why omit the fact that ser- vitude among the Jews under the Mosaic dispensation (for on some points not for ears polite it v/as indeed ii dispensation ; — not as "in the beginning" — ) was gener- ally voluntary ; — S custom of stipulating service for an equivalent ; — a system of hired service teniiinating with the sixth year, or at the year of Jubilee, v/ith cer- tain exceptions ; but in no case as chattels common ; a service to Avhich the prodigal son aspired, "witji bread and enough to spare" — "make mo as one of thy hired servants;" (v/hy not slaves?) Also its ameliora- tions, and personal rights, recognized and enjoined by positive law; "for thou too wast a stranger in the land of Egypt." And forsooth this is Slavery! Surely ye v/ill give us tho fugitive slave law ; ye will not "deceitfully" hide it. "0 no, by no means," say these Doctors ; "we have already given a commentary/ on this fugitive slave law in the matter of Onesiiiius/' (a matter for our attention by and by) "but which for the present, quantum suficit.^' But as we have m.et m.any persons of average general intelligence, utterly ignc-' 18 rant of this law, we here give it ; not requiriDg any, although we follow with a brief oommentary : "Thou shalt not deliver unto his master the servant who is escaped from his master unto thee. He shall dwell with thee, even among you in that place which he shall choose, in one of thy gates where it liketh him best, thou shalt not oppress him." Deut. xxiii: 15, 16. It cannot be maintained that this ^'fugitive slave law'^ was in favor of a particular class of '^slaves," for it is equally unjust, if unjust it be, to the masters of any and all classes. It is positive, and unqualified; while it is the only lav/ for the recovery ! of a fugitive. It is full proof of the benign and equitable policy, as to the relation of master and servant, and evidently intended to secure to the latter, complete immunity from cru- elty and oppression. If it be alleged that it might in- juriously afiect the equitable rights of the master, in a given case; w^e answer : the master is fully aware of the custom and the laiu ; and the frohablc wrongs with- out it, very far exceed the 'possible lurongs with it ; a de- gree of perfection not always attained in legislation, and is therefore eminently humane, conservative, and jiL-^t. A ]3olicy, this, widely dilferent from that of American Slavery, in State legislation, and Supreme Court decisions; divesting the slave of all rights; and it is good logic — where are no rights, can be no wrongs. The Jewish code protects the weaker ; the American, contrarywise to the utmost. Will the Apologists and Advocates ! of Slavery con- sent to the Patriarchal, the Jewish system, since on this they greatly rely to fortify themselves ? Let them adopt the entire code, and since the customs of mod- ern warfare do not enslave captives, it would be a glo- rious era of emancipation, neither immediate, nor very remote, but sure. An Jldvocate of Slaveiyf a moral lusus natw'cB on free soil, until its recent revival, or propogandism, as by the sword of Mahomet, has multi- plied its converts ! Op the Egyptian Bondage. The condition of the Hebrews in the "Land of bondage," Egypt, w^as that of a distinct community originally free, nourished and 19 fostered, but by degrees reduced to vassalage b}^ the oppressive exactions of the Monarch. In no manner did it correspond to the system of American Shivery. They were not the chattels of Egyptian masters — bought and sold ; they had flocks and herds, and dwellings too, into which the destroying Angel failed to enter ; and lived a distinct community in the land of Goshen more than four hundred years. (It was the boast of the Jew, "We were never in bondage to any ?7i«/i," of course Slavery, fRr the nation had been re- peatedly in captivity.) With the exception of these Government exactions, oj)erating most probably on a designated proportion or number of able bodied labor- ers, their condition would seem little changed, abating only from political favor. The llomans, and other nations of Ancient times, enslaved at will their captives in war. This conse- quence of wars in those barbarous ages, was irrespec- tive of race; and however absolute the subjection, it entailed no disqualification for freedom on generations unborn, nor indeed, for elevated positions for the slaves themselves. It corresponded in absoluteness with the American, or even exceeded in the matter of life and death, (not practically w^e believe) while in many respects it was less intolerable and degrading. It is, we believe, a comparatively modern doctrine of Religion, or Ethics, deducing the right of enirlaving a race, of certain different complexion, if weaker or defenceless. Have we, by a strange inadvertence, overlooked any warrant for this in the original char- ter, *'in the beginning" '? Ah how blind and careless ! how misled ! self-satisfied by the fancied lessons of good will to man ! through the Spirit Avithin — ''Inspi- ration of the Almighty ! !" Well, the noblest repara- tion for error, is always a ready, full, frank concession to the truth. As we have already given a part (although we hastily supposed it the whole, and so made our de- ductions) of the original charter, we will no^v cheer- fully complete the same ; observing also by the way, that it must needs imply an exemption to the opera- tion of the fugitive slave law, also already given. 20 ^Eureka, Gen. i. 29. *'And have thou dominion also over the w^eak and defenceless race whom thou mayst find in future ages (for with God thy Creator, the "Lofty One that inhabiteth Eternity," is no future) v^^hen thou art greatly multipliedj bearing thine image in outward form ; of complexion neither white, fair, nor ruddy ; nor of a red, brown, or yellov/ hue ; but black as the blackness of darkness. 30. By this sign ye shall ^know, I have cursed that race by the mouth of my servant Noah, for the undu- tiful and irreverent behavior of him long aforetime their head and progenitor, v/hich Vv-as Canaan, which was the son of Ham, which was one of the three sons of my servant Noah/^ 31. Of this race thou may est freely take unta thy- self and to thy children, forever, — ^bond-men and bond- women, which with their seed, and their seed's seedj tJirocgh all generations, shall be servants unto thee and thy seed forever. 32. And they shall serve thee ; and thou^ and thy seed, shalt rule over them. 33. And they shall be unto thee a possession ; as thine ox, or thine ass, shall they be unto thee ; even £0 also the fruits of all their labor shall be thine. 34. Thou mayest freely traffic with them, as with * A convenient, but specioiis, un-vrarrantable, assumption of the apologist.* ior Slavery ; in self exculpation for the crime of creating the circumstances — not T^ithin "the third or fourth generation" but tliousands of years after iiie original transgression, and ^vitliin a comparatively brief period until the present time — yea, for tlio crime of Viulfully creating the circumstances in ^fkncied accordance vith the supposed "far-reaching curse upon Canaan, falling upon a remote (if tho fact be so) posterity. Nov/ it is historically true, that the descendants of Canaan were for ages distinguished among nations as the ibtinders of Tjto and Sidon, principal cities — centres of civilization and com- merce, of the then known world. Nor is there the shadow of plausibiUty, in the assumption of their descent — and still less, of verifying the prophetia curao, in the condition of slaves, made such by a nation calling itself Chris- tianl It is also historically true, that other nations — presumed descendants of Shera and of Japhet — gTn,nd nephews of their Uncle Ham, have in somewhaJ similar condition with their African cousins, been "held to service." It has been reserved for the keen perspicacity of modern Doctors to dis- corer the fulfilment of this prophetic curse, nearly four thousand years eub- Bequently. "For optics sharp it needs I Aveen To see what is not to be seen," 21 mercliandlse, in exchange for silver and for gold, or for whatsoever else pleaseth thee. 35. If at any time they be refractory and disobe- dient to thy commands, and shall say "hath not one God created us ?" thou mayest coerce him or them by any means in thy power — by stripes, by scourging, or other painful inflictions, to duty and to entire submis- eion. 36. And if he do not meekly receive thy reproof and correction, but becometh enraged so that he smi- teth thee, or abscondeth ; his life shall be at thy di^ posal ; and none shall witness against thee ; thou hast not sinned. 37. And, as concerneth that race, I will annul my solemn ordinance of marriage, whereby a man and a woman, as it liketh them, are joined together in holy wedlock, that "they twain shall be one flesh" "until death us do part" — as is the authorized form and man- ner, concluding thus — "what God hath joined, let not man put asunder." 38. And thou mayest, instead thereof, use thy dis- cretion, in order to increase thy possessions of iDond- servants, for labor, or for merchandise and traffic, nor shall the natural affection, by which the man and the woman careth for each other, or for their offspring, be made a hindrance to their 'separation by gift or traffic, as thy pleasure or need may require. 39. They belong not to each other, as thou and thy wife and thy children, joined, and begotten, in lawful w^edlock, belong to each other ; but as thine ox, or thine ass, they are thy possession. So readeth the missing portion, ten verses, following the 28th of the first Chapter of Genesis. This portion has been hitherto deemed Apocryphal, and ruled out as an uncanonical and incongruous interpolation ; but having been recently exhumed, in the exploration of the latiei' day saints (not alone of Utah) among the relics of the lost tribes of Israel, its genuineness can scarcely be doubted hereafter, and it has accordingly been restored in many churches of late, with appro- bation of Bishops and Pastors, that the evident defi^ 22 ciency of the canon may be supplied ; tlius relieving the pulpit from doubtful or questionable expositions. Its genuineness is strongly corroborated, if not estab- lished, in this, that the number of verses is same as of the lost tribes — ten ! ! "A wicked, heretical interpolation," says the Ortho- dox divine. "Evidently spurious," says the Biblical critic. "Bogus !" says the frank, ingenuous, not over rever- ent, Ethical amateur Student, "with the preaching of Doctors P., Van D., d id oimie genus , — all Bogus !" If, indeed, it were an interjDolation, it was certainly but a pious fraud, since it so perfectly harmonizes with the deductions of eminent Doctors of Divinity, whose expositions, if true ^ might w^ell rest on so "firm a foundation" as is here in form presented, which w^e believe to be a faithful outline type of the System of American Slavery. Ye Reverend Doctors, if ye judge this a wicked in- terpolation, suppress your indignation. Will ye en- graft on the "Law and the Prophets" the abominations of Slavery, instead of the "Golden Rule" of Equity, emphatically j)redicated thereon by our Blessed Sa- viour himself: "Whatsoever ye would that men should do unto you, do ye even so unto them ; for this is the Law and the Prophets'^ ? The exact implied converse of this precept, equally binding, is clear : "Whatso- ever ye would not that men should do unto you, do ye even not so unto them, for this is the law and the prophets." The great moral law of God is here meant, with the teachings of the prophets, of God's ^'equal ways^^ versus man's "unequal ivays" and again summarily expressed by our Saviour : "Thou shalt love the Lord thy God with all thy heart, and with all thy soul, and with all thy mind. Thou shalt love thy neighbor as thyself. On these two comniandments hang all the Law and the Prophttsy And who is thy neigh- bor ? Every man in contact requiring aid, whether 'fallen among thieves y" "or i?i any troubled And yet will ye plead the Scriptures in justification of American Slavery ? We can imagine but one mode 23 of evading the common sense application of the "Gold" en Rule." It is substantially this : "With my present experience and knowledge," says the apologist, "of the conditions of mankind, were I a hlack man, I would prefer for myself and posterity forever the condition of Slavery to that of Freedom. So do I unto others as I would they should do unto me." Dare ye answer thus at the bar of God in the day of final account ! at His bar who commands : "Break every yoke and let the oppressed go free" ! Or will ye still plead the prece- dents of the Jewish statutes adapted to the exigencies arising from "the hardness of their hearts," "but not so in the beginning." Satan was a most adroit, perse- vering, scriptural casuist. There yet remains one other plea, that of necessity, which wo are quite willing to admit in its due force, and by which the application of general principles may rightfully be determined. It is said, "Necessity has no law ;" and yet itself is a law ; but not of immunity to fthose w4io create it, or voluntarily strengthen it, ad- versely to the great law of love and good will to man. "While we discuss the System of Slavery, we pass no in- dividual sentence upon the slave-holder. We charitably believe a very large proportion of such, from educa- tion, and life-long habit, unconscious participants in the wrong. While we do not hesitate to say of the System, with Wesley, "It is the sum of all human vil- lanies," we do not thence assert the slave-holder, under any and all circumstances, a sinner per se, "above all others." It is the animus which imparts moral char- acter to human actions; albeit in human law, the anU mus is inferred from the act. But God looketh upon the heart. A kiss may be "holy," innocent, affection- ate, seductive, traitorous. So too the natural mutual complacency of the sexes, is the source of very inno- cent, refined, and elevating pleasure, (for we are no cynic) but of the seventh precept of the decalogue. By a LOOK, it is broken, if of impure desire — "When yet Pmity's self, e'en to i/)OK must admire. But ot slave-holding, whatever of individual sin it may be, is doubtless in the intelligent consent and adoption ; 24 ih.Q intelligent jmrpose of perpetuation and extension. Per- haps few would plead for themselves the lack of intel- ligence, especially in this matter ; and yet to many we accord it in charitable extenuation. Nor are we ready to declare it — Slavery — but with qualification, the national sin of our common country ; although in the organic law of our Government, — the Constitution ; not from any purpose] of special favor, our nation became, very slightly indeed, committed to its protection in a special case ; and that not materially affecting the stability of the institution j and only in compliance with a seeming temporary necessity. The continued existence, and the perpetuation, of the insti- tution (for its extension was surely never originally con- templated by the Fathers of the Republic, but rather its prohibition) depended upon the policy and laws of the several States. Slavery, in its relation to our Con- stitution and Government, might seem to present a double aspect, first as accounted a national evil, for we know such has been the national tradition ; and a^ain with the semblance of guarant}^ for its protec- tion ; but this by no purpose of favor ] hence so far, not chargeable as a national sin. We verily believe, however, the Government of the nation, in all it higher departments, has been gradu- ally seduced to a departure from its original proper character, that of conserving the interests of Freedom, mitil latterly, completely demoralized and prostituted, to answer the behests of Slaver}^ Thus, as of old, has Buchanan caused the American Israel to sin. Yet Christian Doctors — altogether ignoring this, dextrous- ly showing ''how not to do it^'' deploringly present as on occasion of the late National Fast Jan. 4th, a vast ag- gregation of individual sins, as national ; all which the laws discourage, condemn, and punish. These then, unless justified hj public s.entiment, are not national sins (See Isa. LViii. ch. entire.) Yea Verily, beyond peradventure, God hath a "con- troversy" with our nation. We have not taken away from the midst of us the ''yoke? Greedy of national ^eatness, and jealous of foreign influence, we have 25 claimed the lion's share, as pertaining to the American continent, under the guise of extending Freedom and civilization ! but chiefly in latitudes for imposing the ''yoke.'' We have put forth the ''finger,'' yea, we have ciutched with an iron grasp, ostensibly for just indem- nity, but withal to strengthen and perpetuate the "yoke." We have spoken ''"Vanity.''' We have claimed and vaunted a van position in civilizing and evangel- izing the world. We have said to the nations of the worfd, with reference to political, civil, social, and re- ligious, institutions, as did Peter to the lame man. at the Beautiful gate, "Look on us," More than this— we have sent abroad navies for display of prowess. With lavish expenditure, we have invported from oriental climes, imperial delegations, chiefly to behold oar State ; but who, wheiT arrived, scarcely deigned, but with much appliance of tact at exhibition, to "look on us." We \yqyq forcibly reminded by the quiet self- Batisfaction of these Japanese Heathen, hov/ "easy it may be to lead a horso to water, but how hard to make him drink." Yes, beyond a doubt, "God hath a * controversy' with this people." The "groanings which cannot be uttered," of four millions of his children "held to ser- vice," — in perpetual davery ; with the hlood of martyrs in vindication of the cause of oppressed Humanity ; of Lovejoy, and other like fearless asserters and defend- ers of Human rights — not including John Brown, of whom v/e only say, and this in^ no covert apology, "Judge nothing before the time!" Yes — we do not hesitate to say further, if compelled to choose, as an only alternative — (and we bless God it is not so)— we would prefer the award of Heaven's Court, in that particular case, most decidedly would we prefer it, to that of the Leaders in rebellion and treason — the entire banditti — not excepting Bishop Polk. Shall Bishops ! Priests ! and Beacons ! * Commissioned from above, • Is it a fact— the cliaracteristic conservatism (in ite best sense) of the "Church" is sadly prostituted in sympathy with Slavery— Hebelliok— Treason ?! 1 1 God forbid I *'Froin all eedition., privy conspiracy, and re- bellion;"— ''Good Lord, deliver usI" 26 To light the way, — as beacons! to Realms of Light and Love ! Shall such, — of holy calling ; In van of Treason dare ! Nor give, — nor heed, — the warning, Of Satan, to beware ! (From "The Old Flag"— better ''said,'' than "sung.") Leaving then John Brown with a just, yet merciful, God, and by no means impliedly justifying an open defiance and breach of constitutional law, in any case ; yet it is undeniably true, that devotion to a "higher law" than of human enactment, has vastl}^ swelled the list of Holy Martyrs. The lion's den, the fiery fur- nace, the cross, the gibbet, and the stake, have been alike abundantly honored ! ! ! We repeat, — the groans of Slavery, and the blood of Martyrs, by the score, or hundreds, perhaps thousands, — (and are there no blood stains yet visible on the floor of Congress — of the Senate Chamber?) — are witnesses at God's bar of unerring justice. Of the slave-trade and slavery, is it not pertinent to say — "the times of this ignorance God winked at ;" but after so ^ong time of exhortation to "repentance," may we not fear — aye see — ''all is to he required of this generatioii'' ! (The lurtber consideration of the New Testament, is reserved for second lecture.) In this connexion we will venture, with little risk of judgment, to remark on the practicability o^ ultim- ate Emancipation, (not being of the radical abolition school, and these so few and widely scattered, as only to smoulder and smoke, whereas they must needs con- gregate to emit flame) based upon a policy of subordi- nation. This question is indeed beset Avith apparently very formidable difficulties, augmenting with time. Why then delay the proper remedy ? No real evil is insuperable. "Where there is a will, there is a way." This rule is practical and sure. The first impediment, and often the must nearly insurmountable, is the lack of "a good will." We will not attempt to prescribe the particular measures to be adopted, but are confi- 27 dent we shall find God, in his wise Providence guid- inn- and '^working with ns when we have that good will." Phantom obstacles will have vanished ; seem- ing- mountains, become mole-hills. -Like a wounded snake, it may drag its slow length alone-," but we feel it a moral certainty, that the tirst step^'in the right direction, will reach its glorious consummation— its goal-a United people, poweriul, happy, and fbes. Th^t first step is a cnange, or rather restoration, of National policy to its original pro- gramme (a step just taken, all hut too late) followed by a radical change of State policy ;— making Slavery the subordinate, instead of the paramount, interest ot the people. Were this step taken by the Slave States, per- haps not simultaneously by all, but severally m suc- cession, instead of their present disastrous and suici- dal course of rebellion and treason ; it would be the sio-nal for a national feu-de-joy, from the Northern Lakes to the Gulf Coast ; from the broad Atlantic to the broader Pacific ; threading the rivers, and ^'raging canawls ;" startling the hills, and waking the valleys ; mountain to mountain echoing joy ! glorious vision ! If auo-ht could reanimate the sleeping dust, "or charm the dull, cold ear of Death," ere the final trumpet blast of the great Archangel ; the mighty, honored dead, leaping from their quiet bed, of rolling years ; revisiting the scenes of two centuries and more, Irom Plymouth Rock, to the far Georgian Shore; would swell the deafening, thrilling, cheers, of Freedom's Jubilee ! But— "A change comes o'er the spirit ot our dream." "Here endeth" our first Lecture. List ye (in parody) to the "Spirit of '76" :— "Sons, for whom we fought and bl^d ! (We whom Washington oft led;) Haste to arms, nor traitor dread ! Strike for Liberty ! Who for Government and Law, Freedom's sword would strongly draw. Freemen stand, or Freemen fa', On to victory ! 28 Now 's the day, and now 's the hour. See the front of battle lower ; See array'd the tyrant power , Chains I and Slavery ! Lay the haughty rebels low ! Traitors fall in every foe ; j Liberty's in every blow ; 1 Raise her banner high 1'^ ^Or this/^ (Original.) Popular Music; by Mason* The Old Flag. "/?i hoc signo vincitj' 1. Huzza ! — for Freedom's banner ! Let 's cheer th' red, white, and blue ! "Star spangled" sign of valor! The Old Flag ! Ever new ! Our Mothers nimbly wrought it ! Our Fathers, on the field, In Freedom's cause unfurl'd it ! To win ; but ne'er to yield. 2. O'er hill top, plain, and valley, Its wavings greet the day ; From shop, and field, they rally, Brave Freemen, for the fray ; From city, town, and hamlet, On Freedom to attend ; "With rifle, — sv/ord,— or musket. Her banner to defend. (This third stanza "may be said, or sung ;" — better "said.'' — Eubrical. ) 3. No Foreign foe confronts her; ("In Gath, ah ! tell it not,") Fell Slavery defies her ; Of lecoi'd, foulest blot ! Her own maternal bosom. The vip'rous foe, caress'd ; * We judge this familiar, popular, EOTil-stirringnmsic, by Maeok — Amer- ican in CHABACTEH, as in origin, knoT\n as ''The Missionary Hymn" — hap- TYPoruLAE adaptation— eyen bettek adapted to National and Patkiotio use. f 29 Till bursting with its venom, The Monster stands confess'd ! 4. Speed ! wind, and steam, our navies ; Ye waves ! lend fav'ring tide ; Ye Cars ! roll on our Armies ; Ye Powers ! propitious guide : On every sea-ward river ; On soil, — on Ocean strand ; Of victorv,-'THOU Giver ! Extend tliy Mighty Hand ! 5. AVho prays not — speed the battle ! 'Gainst Treason's mad ning rage ; Pledging, 'mid cannon's rattle, Unsparing war to wage ! No ^'Compromise" — with Satan! — His most successful lure ; But crush the rebel Ruffian, And make the Conquest sure ! 6. Then shouting "Hail Columbia !'' "Columbia ! Happy Land !" "All clothed" in meet Regalia ; Victorious ! — Comrade Band ! 'Tis yours, th' acacia bearing, To chant — "i/oiy sleep the brave In Freedom's rescue, daring To win a Plume ! — or Grave ! r> LECTUKE II. MW TEmiEST TEAfniNGS. NATIONAL AP SOCIAL ISFLKM 01 Aftee deciding, in our introductory Lecture, as we feel sure, the true bearing of the Old Scriptures,-of he Law and the Prophets"~on the question of felaveiy, with the Key of our Blessed Saviour in hand ~ In the begtnmng it was not so ^ and with the aid of His own V^fm^ommQTii^rf^-.^^ Whatsoever ye would that mjn should do unto you, do ye even so to them ; for this is the Law and tae Prophets r we slightly digressed, to re- rnark^mcidentally upon the general subject, from the - /?/ow9 Humanity enshrines in its heart of hearts, scarce- ly less holy than his most devout aspirations heaven- ward ? {its abuse so much the greater sin.) The allusion is sufficient. We wait no answer. It is intuitively recognized as the spring and source of noblest action, of most heroic endurance, and of purest Earthly joys, allied with holiest hopes ; nor diminished, but puri- fied, with lapse of years. The flame, inextinguisha- ble by death, but brighter glows ; wafting the soul on- ward*^and upward, to meet the loved ones gone before ! How dimmed then must be the fine gold of the God- given, God-like, Humanity, which, responsive to the law of its perpetuation, and immortality, blushes not, vea with shame -and abhorrence, for the extreme degen- 39 eracy that degrades to chattel inventory, as if of mere brutish instincts, a FELLOW man I ! I Why blush ye not to own kind Nature's law ! Why not "secede ;" — from thy own raze withdraw ! Asham'd to be a r/wzn, but monster be ! Or man of prey, as beast of like degree ! Slave trapper, hunter, trader, auctioneer ; Bearer, for mart I — and lash of overseer I ! This picture has two sides. "Look first on that side, then on this" following : — but modifying the one line of quotation from a celebrated poet : — "Self-love, the spring of action, moves the soul," Eather, 'tis self dispers'd among the whole, Where love requites its like, and mutual joy, Effort, and aid. this same self love, employ. All which, the slave System absolutel}^ destroys ! In the third place : The System of Slavery begets the spirit of intolerance. Not only as regards an offi- cious intermeddling, and overt interference, with the in- stitution under sanction of law ; (for it has little of this to fear from its most zealous opponents, under constitu- tional guarantees;) but, notwithstanding the boasted courtesy and hospitality of the South, it is unsafe to en- tertain conscientious opinions, adverse to the slave sys- tem, on slave soil. It has even the audacity to demand, that Northern sentiment, on this point, be corrected ; — in other words— an efficient gag-law. We know this is its spirit ; and had it the power, would enslave the con- (ciences of Freemen. Free thought, and free speech, are banished from the region of its sway. The mails are violated. Constitutional guaranty of equal protection to citizens of the several States, is subverted. In place of argument — (which of course fails, as it well knows) — it adopts threats, menace, the bludgeon, the dirk, the bowie-knife, or the halter of Lynch law ; while its more genteel mode of settling controversy, is by the chances of a pistol shot. All these equipments of personal as- 40 Sfvult are, in most of the free States, (in all of them, but to repel the aggressions of Slavery) untLought of in gen- eral society, even to be scorned and denounced ; while in slave States, they are the common appointments, even of Gentlemen ! Nor jnclgiDg from the tone of some D.D.'s entirely discountenanced by them ! in short, the worst features of Slave Society, are the legitimate re- sults of the slave System. The redeeming features, (for it— the System— hii^ none) are attributable to distinct, nobler, and in numerous cases we hope, to holier influ- ences. We would not detract an iota from all that is praiseworthy in Southern character. Indeed it has ever been our habit, without personal observation, to asso- ciate with it, in our ideas, very much of the ennobling qualities of a higher humanity. Nor is it necessary here to estimate the exact degree of abatement from our for- mer exalted opinion ; from the late "awful disclosures" of tynany, rehellicn, and /rca507i, unparalleled in the world's history. Say not, it is uncharitable to charge upon a wicked System its abominations, because neces- sarily implicating personal character. It coidd not oth- erwise exist, but by its piracy upon character, makmg its inroads upon the heart and conscience,— the fount- ains of character. It sears the conscience, and obscures the moral perceptions. Of Slavery, as of "Vice/' su]> stantially convertible terms, it is no less true- it "is a monster of so frightful mien, As to be hated, needs but to be seen ; Yet seen too oft, famihar with her face, ^^ We first endiu-e, then pity, then embrace. In this connexion we adduce this further considera- tion : The Systemic not only a breach of the entire Decalogue, since it is authoritatively declared, Whoso offendeth in one point- is guilty of all;" and that it is Theft, is quite apparent, as we have already shown ; tne seventh precept of the Decalogue is also a quiver of ar- rows to pierce its vulnerable heart: a very bomb-shell in its camp. It is admitted a cardinal principle m law— quod facitper aliamjacit per se ; i. e, closely rendered -Whatever one does throvgk another'' by control, power, 41 or direct influence, "he does hy khnself/^"- mokes himself tlie responsible agent, either as principal, or accessory. Now the System of slavery vitiates the sacred, indisso- luble ties of lawful marriage. It utterly precludes this, whatever sham formalities may be indulged. Parents are separated from each other, as well as from their children, at the will of masters ; necessarily f )rming, or rather, introduced to, other spurious conjugal relations. The poor slave is but the involuntary, and therefore in- nocent, instrument — the ^'per aliam ;" and the slave- holder, the principal — the adulterer! ^^per se .'" It is also notorious that the churches ! 1 ! accord to the System a plenary indulgence in this majiter, from the necessity imposed by the factitious 1 atrocious ! dilemma pre- sented I Are not fundamental principles of Christian Morals unchangeable and eternal? — or are they, indeed, but accidental conventionalities ? Modes of application, may vary ; those, never. We next proceed to speak of the National influence of the System, Historically and practically, yet very briefly. Its pages complete, would fill volumes : and its more important points occupy a considerable portion of public records. We note a few points only, of imme- diate application. The great moral truth is undeniable, first exemplified by the Serpent, in the specious temptation of our first parents, that all evil and sin gains lodgment, consent, and acceptance, by a covert and insidious policy. As on a certain occasion of olden time, so later, when the Fathers of the Republic came together to found a State, "Satan came also among themJ^ This is the unfortu- nate liability, against which no human undertaking has adequate security ; though Washington, Franklin, and other like Sages, Patriots and Statesmen, be chief coun- sellors. The virus of evil is almost sure to be innocula- ted, which it may be nearly impossible to eradicate, nor easy to suppress ; but if nurtured in the body politic, ensures disastrous results. Thus was the virus of Slavery innoculated by the constitutional recognition of the system, as already ex- 42 isting in the several States ; yet declared to be a nation- al evil, entailed upon the Colonies by the mother country, and which, with other causes, was boldly set forth, challengiDg the assent of the civilized world^ as ample justification for ^^ Secession, ^^ — by the Mother, sty- led "Rebellion f and by Historians, " Revolution J ^ It is a remarkable fact, that the infant of that day now liveSy when this same cause, or one of the causes of the origin-' al "secession^^ — this self-same cause alone, but reversing the terms of the plea^ is declared the ostensible and on- ly cause of a new drama of '^ Secession." The former causes, or one of them, that Slavery had been 'planted on virgin soil ;: the present cause, that Slavery shall be excluded from Yirgin soil. The Constitutional recogni- tion of Slavery, as of "persons held to service," provid- ed simply for a basis of taxation and representation, al- so the delivery of fugitives, " held to service," (the word slave purposely omitted as incongruous therewith) to the lawful claimants. In this recognition, Satan proved wiser than the children of Light, who doubtless contemplated its relative diminution, or ultimate extinc- tion — a national evil — only to be endured, from a seem- ing present necessity ; as we know expressly condemned as such, by the fathers of the Republic ; and hence be- come the national tradition. Thus deluded by the 'pat- ron of oppression, into a recognition of Slavery, he has perseveriugly fostered it, under the various guises of the merchandize of the Mystic ^Babylon — " Mother of harlots and abominations of the earth," with whom not only "Kings of the Earth/^ (see Rev. xviii, entire,) but Presidents, and Lawgivers, have committed fornication ; and the " people have been made drunk with her wine ; conquering and coveting for the extension of her do- minion ; and upon whom may be "found the blood of prophets and of saints," most abundantly shed. And here we remark, the advocates of the system, by a strange fatuity, and perversion of right reason ; ad- mitting the atrocity of its origin, charging it upon the mother country, as a national sin, — an introduction of evil ; apply to the turpitude of the System, a moral series inversely to its magnitude^ until, by this process of elim- 43 iDation, its last iniintesimal fraction has quite disappear- ed. Now, it has become the corner-stone [see Appendix — rebel Vice President Stephens,] of the State, on which it is the avowed purpose to found an empire of unpar- alleled Glory. Yea, it is begun. The plan is fully drawn upon the trestle-board, as a necessary prelimina- ry, involving the destruction of Constitutional freedom^ as established by our Fathers. The gradations of Trai- tors—Masters, of several degrees, Fellow-crafts, and Ap- prentices, under the vigilant supervision of the Key al Arch Traitor — Davis Jeff — (an approximation to ''Ahiff'') are at their tasks. Hence have arisen false prophets, '^calling evil goody" "handling the word of God deceitfully," prophesying deceits," For notwithstanding man's natural proclivity to evil7lt^ould make but slow progress in its own na- ked deformity, a most sorry figure, of cloven foot^ tailj and horns ; and only by its magic power of transforma- tion ; as of "an Angel of Light." "Blind leaders of the blind ;" throwing down their professed standard of the Prince of Peace, and unfurling that of the Serpent, — of Lucifer, in the van of rebellion, unparalleled since that "son of the morning" marshalled his rebel hosts : as- suring of ^^religmi's selectest influences'^ (from a sermon full of treason and rebellion, of an Episcopalian clergy- man, delivered in Charleston, and repeated at Columbia before the Magnates of Slavedom) and for success, invo- king the ^^god qfbattles^''^- — jMars, of course. The proper existing legal statics of Slavery in the United States, is plainly stated^ to wit. : It is the foster child of Slave- State law, born of oppression. Since the law of any State has no force beyond its limits ; it foL lows the bantling will die, uuless restored to its proper nurse. This, the Constitution, in a specified case, under- takes to do ; (rather forbids obstructions to recovery ;) but it provides no pabulum for its sustenance and per- petuation, in voluntary Exodus. If Slavery be of Di- vine institution, a positive good, protected by the Na- tional Constitution as rightful property, on principles of "co??i77io7i law,^^ this being based upon God's original, im- mutable, law of rightj as before shown ; then is slave 44 propsrtj, everywhere, rightful property ; by tbe "Su- preme law of the nation, the constitution and laws of any State to the contrary notwithstanding." This evi- dent corrollary, was recently boldly and plainly announ- ced, in the ''hogus''- constitution attempted to be foisted upon Kansas ; its preamble running somewhat thus — (we quote from recollection) : "Whereas the rights of property are anterior, and superior, to all constitutions or laws," &c. ; and assuming that slaves are rightful property at common law, the deduction is perfectly plain : No constitutional prohibition even, can be valid. Practically, (and we appeal to all close and candid ob- servation) the System of Slavery is the Giant Evil from that prolific "root of all— that Pandora box— "^/le love— of money:' What but the love— of money, incites to every hellish, murderous, depredation upon Divinely human rights. What but this, emboldens the highway- man presenting the pleasant ! alternative— "your life, or your purse." So the Prince of Highwaymen, Slavery —robber of Nations— is already vainly essaying to throt- tle with iron grasp, the most beneficent National Govern- ment upon Earth ; threatening destruction, unless acce- ding to his behests of supremacy. We fervently pray— and who will not— Almighty God, to inspire the Heart and Arm of our Government— both are strong in the hearts of the people— to thrust, in retribution just, the rebel fell,— though nurtured in its bosom, down to the lowest — ! But all subservient to the paramount pray- er : "Thy will be done." Was it indeed for the reign of Slavery, bootless struggle, that our Fathers bled ? boot- less? nay, not hootless^ ''the boot is shifted to the other leg." (The Mother Land is already free from the curse of Slavery.) Was it not that Freedom should have a home of Tight, and not by sufferance,— ^\hich. is no koine? And shall we retrogade ? With filial gratitude and just pride, we have been accustomed to contemplate the Temple of Freedom, erect- ed, though not completed, by our Fathers, at great cost of blood, toil, and treasure ; the last a noble investment : the first, a freewill offering, sacred to Patriotism. In careful accordance with the plans already laid' down 45 upon tlie ''trestle-board," or harmonizing in order ; we have continued towards its completion ; wondrous for beauty and symmetry ; adding column by column, uni- ted by its glittering, starry entablature, upon its wide- spread foundation. We have thought to transmit this, when the last Column shall have been reared, to the ad- miration of future ages ; and we felt already beginning to realize the glorious vision of our own Native Bard melodiously apostrophizing — "Columbia! Columbia! to glory arise." \Yhen lo 1 to our astonishment and disma}-, we behold an entire colonnade partly in ruins, dragging downward its tottering complement not yet fallen : All tumbling, and crashing, nor can be replaced In original beauty ; but sadly defaced ! The catastrophe might have been predicted. It was well known to the Builders who laid and cemented the foundation ; that under it, at this part of the Temple, was a substratum of quicksands— the quicksands of Sla- very, which they erringly judged would in due time be- assimilatcd, by a natural process of petrifaction, to the adjoining rock. The Architects are conferring as to the practicability of "reconstruction ;" aye, it is undertaken with a will;— God help the effort. The people are not slack. The powers are adequate, provided there be found a/r/Ti support for the Julcrum of the Archimedian Lever. This support can only be found upon the Eock of Freedom, however its Lever may extend beyond. We had supposed, as the difi&culty of the quicksands is yet more insuperable than originally appeared, that it might be judged the wiser policy to postpone this proj- ect, in which the wisdom of our Fathers had so signally failed, untill a firm substitution for the quicksands may be eflected. In plain language and dropping the figure, that while it is surely incumbent for the dignity and safety of the Government— the cegis of safety to the people, that wicked rebellion and treason be held^to strict account, yet if neither honor, power, nor prestige, be lost; no dignity is sacrificed; when, by a SEVERE '"/e^ ting alone,'' the treason is impelled, a la Japanese, to the ultimatum of hari kari— self -executioner. Do we not 46 hear the awe-inspiriDg mandate : — ''Ephraim is joined to his idolSf let him alone f^ so, (as yelled the possessed of devils, "what have we to do with thee") echoes Kebeldom — "Let us alone ! ! 1" But the present energetic policy, foreshadowed in the President's inaugural, as now being more fully de- veloped, is unquestionaUy the true — the nobler poli- cy. A policy and example, due to the memory of our Fathers ; due to the lovers of Freedom in all the world ; due to the stability of all good government ; due to Law and Order ; due to ourselves and our pos- terity ; due to future generations in all the world ; due (by climax) to our own, and ''Father's God, — Au- thor of Liberty." Also due to all "lookers on in Yen- ice" abroad or at home, who jeeringly point, taunting and vomiting,"there, there, so would we have it ;" due to conspirators and traitors against free and good gov- ernment in all the world, for all time ; due to rebels and traitors at home ; due — doubly due — again by climax — to Slavery and the D — 1 ; for it is part of our creed, ^'gtve the ■ his due.'' Last of all — due to the memory of the Signers of the Declaration of Inde- pendence ; to the memory of the Battle-fields of the Revolution, — Bunker Hill — Ticonderoga — Trenton, Yorktown ; — and later — New Orleans, aye and the Hero. Eark ye 1 — there is a rattling of dry bones at the "Hermitage" ! The old Hero has "turned in his coffin!" Rebellion is aghast ! The oath — extra-consti- tutional, in its awful sanction, rings in their ears — "By the Eternal y the Union, it must, and shall he preserved P' Aye — due, indeed, to New Orleans, in just retribution — but to the i/ert?, in Honor; in Gratitude; — '^whom being dead, yet speakethj' And finally, (another last climax) — due to Washington, the Constitution, and the "flag of this Union,'' our own "Star- Spangled Banner," #***#***♦ "The Star-SpaBgled Banner, O long may it wave, O'er the land of the free, and the home of the brave." And now the Argument finds its Conclusion, in the Ending, or the "Beginning of the end," "of which we 47 all are witnesses." And is it not fully conclusive of the real nature and sure tendency of the abominable sin of Slavery ? Can that be a good thing which causes the ruin of a prosperous nation ? On no other purely Moral question could arise such persistent clashing of opinion, and of arms : and it is as a moral question, hence vital, that it is invested with so great political importance ; although many weak eyes can only look at the liery meteor, shot from Slavery, through the murky, smoked, political lens, adapted to their own particular horoscope. We are now prepared to propound what need not be discussed as the finale of our Argument. This pres- ent contest between Slavery and Freedom, in its polUe' ical proportions ; may be commensurate, not less, but threatening more, with our own Nation only : but, in its moral proportions, it is commensurate with the World; — coeval ^Yit\\ Time ; — lost only in Eternity! In battling for Union, Government, and Law, and for Constitutional Freedom, in this present struggle ; all are campaigners in the flighty Conflict between the powers of Heaven, and Hell : its final result not doubt- ful. Disguise it as we may, "the irrepressible conflict'''' between Good and Evil, is at our doors, unmistakably and hugely developed, in Freedom vs. Slavery. Still one other argument, pro-slavery, we will not omit ; deducing the right, fromt he power to enslave — i. e , 'hnight makes right" And this truly, as all know, is the only actual foundation for Slavery. Thus the condition of the Human race is made analagous to that of the winged, finny, or brute tribes ; certain species being carniverous, beasts of prey, duly equip- ed by Nature for tiiis purpose. This analogy may be traced, as presumed, in the natural antipathy of color, wool, and other like accidental discrepancies ;_and again, in superior cunning in the application of phys- ical agencies, instead o? ferocious claws. So the inferi- or, or defenceless, condition of the African, clearly in- dicates him, as "lawful prey" ! This is really the best argument — -pro-slavery, that human ingenuity can de- vise. We will be fair; we will not be^ partial ;^but 48 give both sides. Both arguments are equally compre- hensive : the one, ^'//i the beginning it was not so ;" the other, "Might makes right.'' "If the Lord be God, serve him ; if Baal, serve him." "Bightousness exalt- eth a nation ; but sin is a reproach to any people," Having concluded our argument, we will yet add a few wards supplemental ; lest the "hue and cry" of "mad dog" be raised, inviting a stone — hard name— from every pseiido Unionist. — "Abolitionist"! "Black Republican" ! "Negro Equality" ! &c., &c., &c. We know also these terms mean the same, both North and South, though somewhat intensified at the South by a characteristic epithet, as "d— d Abolitionist," er in his philanthropy, or his se'f-Iove, for restraining the intemperance of passion towards his slave, it should always be a sufficient one, that his child is present. But generally it is not sufficient. The parent Etorms, the child looks on, catches the lineaments of wrath, puts on the lame airs in the circle of smaller slaves, gives a loc se rein to the worsi of passions, and, thus nursed, cducatc^d, and daily exercised in tyranny, cannot but be stamped by it, with odious peculiarities. The man must be a prodigy who can retain his manners and moials, undepraved by such circumstances. -And with what execration should the statea* man be loadtd, who, permitting one half the citizens thus to trampla on the rights of the other, tran.»forms those into despots, and these in- to enemies ; destroys the morals ol the one part, and the amor palria of the other ; for it a slave can have a country in this world, it must be any other, iu preference to that in which he is born td live and labor lor another j in which he must lock up the faculties of his na- 58 ture ; contribute, as far as depends on his individnal endeavor?, to the evanishment ot the human race ; or entail his f wu niiftrable condi- tion on the tndlc?sgentrutions proceeding from him. With the mor^ als of Ihe peoph^ ilieir iudustry is also destroyed ; for, in a warm cli- mate, no man will labor lor himself, who can innke another labor lor him. Tbis is so true, that of the proprietors of shives, a very small proportion, ihdefd,are ever seen to lubor. And can tlie liberties of a nation be thought secure, when we have removed iheir ouly firm basis — a conviction in the minds of the people that thei-e liberties are the uiit of (jfcd ; that th(y are not to to violated, but by his ^^rath? In- deed, I tremble for my country, when I rtflict that God is just ; that his justice cannot sleep forever ; that considering! nuuibers, nature, aLd natural means only, a revolution of the wied of fortune, an exchan-. e ot situations is aincDg i.ossible events ; that it may become prt^bable by supernatural iuierlerence ! The Almighty has no attribute, which can take side with us in such a contest." Again : *' We jnust wait with patience the workings of an over^ruling Prov- idence, aLd hope that that is preparing the dtlverai ce of these our brethren. AVhen the measure of their tears shall be full ; when their groans shall have involved Heaven itself i.j darkne.-s, doubtless, a God of justice will awaken to their distress. Nothing is more certainly written in the Book of Fate, than that this pef^ple shall be free.' Is this prophecy now being fulfilled! In a letter to James Hcaton, on this san)e subject, dated May 20tb, 1S26, only six weeks bekire his death, he says : '• My setjtiments have been forty years before the public. Had I repeated them (oi ty times ^hey woud have only become the more sta'e and thieadbare. Ahheugh I shall not live to iice then? consum- mated, they wiil not die with me.'' Much more migbt be quoted from the "sage of Mon- ticello." Kor is the voice of ]NLiadisori, of Monroe, of him of " Eoanoke" — of his namesakes — four Ran- dolphs of "Virginia's sacred (to slavery? or for York- town and i\rount Yernon !) soil" Alas, how desecra- ted ; also of Clay, of Benton, of Mason, of McDow- ell, of Pinckney, and others too numerous to mention, by far to quote ; — wanting, in equal terms of condem- nation. In exact correspondence with these, the com- mon-sense argument presented in our Lectures, of the debasing influence of Slavery. And is not tbis closing warning awfully prophetic 1 God's "Spirit in man" — In- spiration of the Almighty — often finds utterance, dis- tinct and clear, however unconscious the medium. Nor are the greater and minor^ political prophets few. Be- i 59 hold they are gathered — (not all) — in "Tlie Impending Crisis." ' We name this for facility of reference merely. Nor are its unanswerable arguments to be refuted — its home thrusts, to be parried, by ungenerous criticism of style or manner, which, so far as obnoxious, is but itself an argument against the System, as both meriting, and engendering, harsh condemnation. It was not we pre- sume designed as a model of etiquette, and punctilious regard to the nice distinctions and delicate manceuver- ings of the ^^Code^ It is not the plaster j but the probe. And are not these prophetic testimonies now being fulfilled? "Oat of thine own mouth will I condemn thee." "Wicked Monster ;" — "Sum of human villanies ;" all detestable names in one ; — Liar, Thief, Murderer, Adulterer, Pirate, Traitor, "Yile and impious Euffian wretch" — Slavery ! "Hold up your head and hear your sentence:" "As you have done unto others ; — so shall it be done unto you.'' "Ye ministers of wrath. ! see that these penalties are executed !" War I Pestilence! Fam- ine ! The first, may complete the work ; may the lat- ter, be stayed ! The Car of inexorable Justice is moving, which only the marauding imps, in guise of Conservatism, or of Co/7i- promise, — specious, stolen, names, — may temporarily jos- tle from the track ; but will ultimately crush, and sweep away, "the great offence." Conservatism! — Compromise! — Umhrellas for occa- sional showers : stolen from the outer porch of "Wis- dom's oz^'/i house;" (Prov. ix: 1.) Already in tatters from misuse. Miserable shelter ! Conservatism ! — Compromise ! — milk cataplasms, ap- plied to gangrene and putrefaction: the soft solder of the wily trickster. Inefficient as ye are — mere time-servers — temporary expedients — we turn for a moment to the rescue, as we pass ; snatching from the base purloiner bis ill gotten appliance, and leaving to himself the anus of complaint at Court. First ; — Conservatism, — is properly applicable, only to "whatsoever things are true;" — "honest;" — "just;" — *'pure ;"— "lovely ;"— "of good report;"— to all of "vir- tue," "praise," and "godliness of living." 60 Second ; — Compromise — can be properly presumed, only in relation to matters indifferent : i. e.» involving no moral principle whatever. It is no balance in the scale of Justice. It is no element of Truth. Nor is it the handmaid of Love, or of Mercy. If by it any of these are affected, it is injuriously, as pure gold by alloy of baser metal. It is simply an unwilling yielding of what is not easy, or safe, to retain of contested proprie- tary right. But the proper individual rights of no man, conflict with those of another. ^^ Society ^^ then, with all deference, (meeting a plausible assumption) "is not a compromise, and rests upon no such system." Hather, is it not the tinkering of ^'Compro7nise,^^ which is the sure, slow-match to the "magazine of explosive elements (?) composing society ?" Nor yet is Society but a compact for mutual aid and protection, though admirably serv- ing this purpose ; but God's own Institution, conserving, (and this is His conservatism) its best, highest, interests ; and hereby enhancing, not diminishing, each individual interest. Man is eminently a social being ; and the fold — the shelter — of Society, demands no ^^ Compromise,'^ although it forbids trespass. The great end of society is, that we may be fellow -Helpers in all good works, upon Earth ; introducing to the Society of the "just made per- fect in Heaven ;" — while mediately, it "serves to second to some other use" in conserving, and preserving, entire, all of right, and equity, among men. Where is the Com- promise ? Thus much for the talismanic virtues of these panaceas for social or private ills. TEE OTEER SIDE OF THE PICTURE. ** The foundations of our new ofovernment are laid. Ita corner B*ODe rests upon the great truth that Slavery — £ubordination of the inferior race, is the natural and normal condition, of the cecrro. This, our new government, is the first in the history of the world, based upon this great physical, philosophical^ and moral tciiih."--Bebel Vice President Stephens. A radical fallacy here. Slavery, and subordination, so far from being synonymous, and convertible terms ; are by no means necessarily related, or cognate ; but reallj^ distinct and opposite. The one — subordination— -indi- 61 cates a prominent truth in the Divine economy of the Universe ;— and includes in every gradation, specific pecuhar rights and immunities ; the other — Slaver i/ — completely subverts, and robs of all ! The latter clause also — 'Hhis, our new government," &€., repudiates, as illegitimate, the favorite pro-slavery argument, to wit : Slavery, coeval with History; pro- pounding in terms, — ^ihe physical, philosophical, and Moral truth, that '^Slavery" "is the natural and normal condition of the JVegro,^^ and yet a corner stone of Gov- ernment never before laid in "the History of the World.'^ The ne plus idfra of political wisdom 1 We will now present the letter of Charles O'Conor, acceding to the request of his speech for publication, by distino'uished merchants of New York -.—the advocate of Simon pure, National Democracy, par excellence ;— GexTLEMEN : — The measure yoa propose meets my entire appro- val. I have long'thoughtthat our disputes concerniEg negro slavery would sc^n terminate, if the public miod could be drawu to the true issue and steadily fixed upon it. To efiect this obiect was the sole aim of my address. Though its ministers can never permit the law of the land to ba questioned by private jodgment, there is, nevertheless, such a thing ag natural justice. Natural justice has a divine sanction ; and it is im- possible thai anj human law which conflicts with it should long en"* dure. Where mental enlishtenment abounds, where morality is professed by all, where the mind is free, speech is free and the pre.^s is free, is it impossible, in the nature of things, that a law which is adjnitted to con- flict with natural justice, and with God's own mandate, should long e;idure ? You will all admit, that within certain limits, at least, our Constitu- tion does contain positive guaranties for the tire?ervation of negro sla- very in the old States, through all time, unless the local legislatures shall think fit to abolish it. And, consequently, if negro slavery, however humanely adniinister jd or judiciously regulated, be an insti- tution which conflicts with natural jastice and with God's law, surely the most vehement and extreme admirers of John Brown's sentiments are right; and their denunciations agaisnt the Coo^titution, and against the mosthallo^ed names connected with it, are perfectly justifiable. The friends of truth— the patriotic Americans who 'would sustain their country's honor against foreign rivalry, and defend their country's interests against all assailants, err greatly when they contend with these men on any point but one. Their general principles cannot be refuted ; their logic is irresistible ; the error, if any there be, is in 62 fheir premipe?. They assert that negro slavery is nnjost. This, and this al ne,of all they say, is capable ot beino: lairiy argued against. If this proposition cannot be reluted, our Union cannot oudure, and il ought not lo endure. Our negro bondmen can neither be exterminated, nor transported to Africa. They are too numerous for either process, and either, if prac- ticable, would involve a violation of humanity. It they were emanci- pated they would relapse into barbarism, or a set cf negro Slates would arise in our midst, possessing political equality, and ei.tiiled to social equality. The division of parties would soon make the negro mem- bers a powerful body in Congress — would place some of them in high political stationgi, and occasionally let one into the Exceutive chair. Il is in vain to say that this could be endured ', il is simply impos- sible. "What then remains to be discussed ? The negro race is upon us. Wiih a Constitution which held them in bondage, our Federal Union might be preserved ; but if so holding them in bondaL^e be a thing forbidden by God and is'ature^ we cannot lawfully so hold them, and the Union must perish. Tl3is is the inevitable result of that conflict which has now reached its climax. Among us, at the north, the sole qaestion for reflection, study, and friendly interchange of thought should be — Is negro slavery unjust? The rational and dispassionate inquirer will find no difficulty in arriv- ing at my couclusion. It is fit and proper ; it is, in its own nature, as an institution benificial to both races ; and the effect of this asser- tion 1^3 not diminished by our admitting that many faults are practised under it. Is not such the fact in respect to all human laws and insti- tctions? 1 um, gentlemen, with great respect, yours truly, CHARLES O'COXOR. Aside from the occasion, Sagacity, itself, would be in doubt, — whether botli, speech, and letter, (more particu- larly the letter, because more carefally definite) — were intended as a real defence of, or keen satire, almost bur- lesque, on the Institution. In the letter, the anti-slaveri/ a/gument is certainly ivell put. Contrary wise — a bold specimen of special pleading, in a bad cause. We con- template a few remarks upon the Constitution, in which place we shall show that this view of slavery is not orig- inal ; — bat was the cherished picture by South Carolina and Georgia Statesmen, at the time of framing and ac- cepting that bo7id'0f National Union. Politics;— For ITICAL ;— Polity. These terms, by eminence, apply to the organization and administration of Civil Government. They are therefore of highest 63 import, as ajBfecting the moral, and material, welfare of a nation. And yet are they so prostituted, popularly; like as are the great physical laws of conserving our race ; as to prove a moral degeneracy, in their attaching shades of common acceptation and use. Thus Politics^ Politi- cal, Politician {Polity^ retaining its proper eminence, be- cause little used, nor generally understood) imply, in common parlance, shrewdness, curining, intrigue, strate- gy ; and for show of decency, ^^consei'vatism^^ and ^^com- promise'^ : in both postulates, a parallelism, patent to ob- servation. Hence no man of reputation, would feel it a compliment to be designated a Politician^ even a.s certain specialties in Physical science attach a shade of odium to tlie professed exclusive operators, "whose trade it is." We advert to this popular idea of Politics, mere dem- aofos^ueism, in order to distino-uish the hioher, better, proper sense of these terms, and for a special purpose which we proceed briefly to consider. We repeat. Politics (a concrete term) is, by eminence, the Science of Civil Government. Also, — what we dis- tinctly propounded in our second Lecture, — Civil Gov- ernment is God's (not man's) own Institution for the pro- motion, and conservation, of man's moral and temporal — as we now saj^ of the Church, of his spiritual and eter- nal, welfare. We also opine, on the sater side surely ; — whatever it be, that embraces man's highest interests, — virtually includes, by eminent domain, every subordinate interest. Politics, then, may not be divorced from Reli- gion, without violence. Hence may be deduced the duty, as inseparable from the privilege, of the ministers of Peligion (nor yet secularizing their peculiar sacred calling) to inculcate, both by example, and precept, a con- scientious discharge of civil trusts. In a free Republic, the Ballot-box should ever be had in honor, as the Sym- bol of Divinely delegated Majesty and Power. The Electoral Franchise is Freedom's Gateway to God's own chosen, or permitted, seat of Earthly rule ; and should the Enemy come in as a flood, who should hesitate to lift up a standard against him ? Another view of Politics — illustrating the importance of this science of Government • it is as the science of 64 Architecture in planniDg the security, the comforts, con- veniences, and the elegancies of our homes. What these are to our families, so is a goyernment to a nation, — the indispensable security of all that is yaluable. Fellow Citizens of the United States ! as our money and labor are cheerfully inyested, without stint, for the ^^homes — sweet homes^^ of our families ; grudge we no needful ex- penditure for the security of all these, — a stable Govern- me7it, founded upon the Eock of Freedom — (not sands of Slavery) defying the "rains, the floods, and the winds :" — a Habitation meet for a Christian natioji; need- ing no resort to the old hats, rugs, or pillows, of "con- servatism," and "compromise," to shield the huddling inmates from "the peltings of the pitiless storm/' In this connexion also, we contrast the practical Athe- ism of our day, (perhaps of our nation) with our Theo- retical Orthodoxy^ assenting, in all things, to God's su- premacy ; and yet, in practice, virtually denying all sub- serviency—even in the matter of national existence and Reservation. In exact point is the following extract— a pearl of "purest ray." "We hope to be pardoned for this assumed license ; first, in our desire to give the senti- ment all possible currency, and therefore in style, most peculiarly fitting ; and second— that our Nutshell shall be secure fi^om condemnation, as valueless. Xational being is tbe work of God. A nation is the product of His will, and its continuacce the fxpression of His purpose. ^leu are not fortuitously aggregated into bodies and communities, as the wan-i ton billows toss the sands into heaps upon tbe shore. "When a nation is to be born, God gives forth the germ, warms It into liie, and watches over its'srowih and development. Away in s^>me secr^ t nook, the rill among the Andes that in time swells to be the Aamazrn, takes its rise ; and as it runs it enlarges, till it come? in time to be a mimic rep- resentative of '-the multitudinous sea." While God wills a peo) le to be one, it is one ; and when He says it shall be oue no lonirer, perhaps in mercy, perhaps in wrath, certainly in equity and in wisdom, it is broken la pieces, it, as it were, falls apart of itself, as the ripered seed-vessel cl aves asunder, and displays an inward and antecedent , plurality which had been hidden during its growth. As in its incep- tion and in all its subsequent growth, it obeys a higher will, and fol- lows a law that is exterior to it, so in its dissolution. Yet, there are second causes, cumerous, various, potent, all that constitutes the v;si* ble pheDomena ot history, by which its changes are effected. And wise ^ 65 men who look upon tbem think they find ia them the philosophy of hifetorv, the piinciples that regulate the seqnence and connection of its events'. But there is a higher philosophy, and that is God's will, of which these are the expressions and means, as the chip that floats on the surface is the sign of the current beneath. "The Most High divi- ded to the nations their inheritance : when He separated the sons of Adam, He set the bounds of the people." "He hath made of one blood all the nations of the men, for to dwell on all the face of the earth, and hath determined the times before appointed, and the bounds of their habitation." In God, then, is the nation's being. It is God's creature ; and if it is wise, it will recognize its derivation and its de** pendence. It will not think that it ?s by man's will or caprice, or lives by man's art or st.enirth; above all it will not think of itself so mean- ly, as to account itself au accident, a promiscuous multitude of men cast together in the fortuitous movements of the ages. That is a very low and mean patriotism that is ba^ed upon such opinions. I have no faith in a patiioti^ni that overlooks God. and fails to see in the nation, the outgoing and expression of His Will and His love. "Such wis- dom descendeth nut from above, but is earthly, sensual, devilish.'' It can make a pandemonium on earth, such as France once became in the name of patriotism, but it will never yield the fruit ol righteousness, or of peace, or of a true at)d reliable unity. God in the nation, the na- tion a divine thing, is that which gives the nation a value, that makes its life sacred, and its preservation a thing lor which men may wisely peril substance and life, a thirg worth making sacrifices for, a thing worth fighting tor. vea, worth dvinsr for, if need be. that makes the he- ro who dies tor his conntry. if he does it intelligently, and on right principles, only second to the martyr who dies fer his faith. This ren- ders patriotism a part of every good man's religion, of every true Chris- tian's Christianity. This makes the traitor an offender against Christ ; and rebellion, if there be not some pitiable delusion to excuse it, a re- nunciation of Christ, and a forfeiture of the Christian character and hope. The saddest spectacle this world can see is the sight of Chris- tian men, yea, of Christian ministers, enrolled under its unholy and God-defying banner, leading its embattled hosts, glorying in its ignomin- ious livery. The great wisdom of the nation, then, is torecogtjize and honor Christ's headship, to make His law its rule, His power itf safe- guard, His glory i.s aim, His service its honor. * * So roust every nation do whose unity is more than a sham, whose unity is genuine, steadfust and trustworthy. — Dr. HaUam, from Sermo7i on occasion of Naiional Fast, Sej^t. 2G///, 1861. Democracy : Kepublicanism : Many pages already prepared, upon these fundamental principles of free Government; and also upon our ^^Good old Constitu' tion,^' (see '*^:)72g" at close of 2d Lecture) we are compel- led to omit, because exceeding our prescribed limit. Briefly — Democracy/ is Political Atheism (in a Pickwick- ian sense) as well expressed in the formula, "ire the Peo- ple." It segregates society — separates States. 66 Both in place, good ; neither, "a bai). We caQ ; Each works its end ; to move, [Dem.] or govern, [llep.jall,'^ It is the great Centrifugal force, regulated by the Cen- tripetal force of Republicanism^ so happily combined and adjusted, by the Wisdom imparted to our Fathers, in framing our Civil Polity. Eeally distinct principles are these, 3'et of strong mutual afl&nities ; and sublimely il- lustrated in God's universe of worlds ; and in the absence of disturbing forces, might well co-operate with Time itself. Democracy is dis-social, selfish — ^'the spring of ac- tion.^^ Republicanism is eminently social, and conserva- tive, converting Democracy to a Commonwealth. The onej the raw material ; the other, converting to "use. ^^Vox Populij'^ if of the Heaven-derived Conscience^ (see first lecture) may be ^^Vox Deij^' but otherwise, most probably Vox Diaboli. And, briefly too, of the Constitution. Our form of Government was adjusted, on trial, to the genius and condition of the people, wisely providing for further and more complete adjustment, by amendment. The Consti- tution was not a golden calf, to be worshipped. The "Supreme law" of the land; itself \N2iS> not declared Su- preme. ^^We the People'^ did not thus abdicate the Throne. Its preamble is a plain recognition of a "higher law" clearly implying, yea declaring, its own grand pur- pose, and subserviency, as *^Salus populi suprema LexP Hence any measures for this purpose, dictated by unfore- seen exigences of Eebellion and Treason, not inconsis- tent with Christian civilization, are eminently Constitu- tional ; and this too by its own special grant of all nec- essary powers for complete effect. A single further remark on the clause, for the delivery of fugitives "held to service." It is, and was so intend- ed and accepted at the time, as debates fully prove, simply a prohibition of Emancipation, in the particular case, by virtue of any law or regulation of another State : giving to the owner a clear highway in the race of recovery : at his own cost, of course. And, presuming upon mutual comity, in the mere formality of certificate ; the original fugitive slave law of 1793, some five years only from the framins: of the Constitution, was in exact accordance with 6^ this plain, common sense, literal, interpretation, and in exact conformity to the views of the time as expressed in the several State Conventions, accepting the Constitution; wherein there was no disagreement as to status, though not agreeing as to its effect : some deeming this privilege of recovery, without impediment of State law, a reasona- ble security ; others, little or no security nt all. As, in our tirst Lecture, of the "ten lost verses restored ;" so any engrafted law might well have been incorporated in the Constitution, if in strict accordance therewith, as intended by the Framers themselves, (not by subsequent forced de- ductions) what then would become of the fugitive slave law of modern compromisers ? We intended to give -some of these debates, but our allotted pages are already filled. (See ^'Teachings of Patriots and Statesmen,^^ pub* ILshed in Philadelphia-, by Bradley, 1860. onmE nisTORY o! m mimm slave teabe "We take, for the Outline History of the inter-State Slave-trade, a TABFi"^^^, (which see for reference in connex- ion herewith,) ready prepared to our hand from the Census Bureau. Surely, volumes would be required for a tolerable filling of this Outline^ as sketched in bold- est lines in this Table of Arabic figures. (It is a trite maxim— -"figures cannot lie.") We adopt it as substan- tially correct for our purpose — not being at the pains to verify it, in every particular^ from accidental error, either typographical, or by computation ; being satisfied from inspection, and its source — the national archives. Its general view it is, which we assume to be undeniably correct. It speaks volumes on the subject. We find it in the ^^Tribune Almanac^ (of much value for reference,) styled — ^^Movem^ent of Slave PopulationJ^ We will call it our "Sliding Scale" of difierences of actual, and ap- parent, increase per cent, of slave population in the sev- eral Slave States, thus presenting at a glance, a bold outline. Historical, of the inter-State Slave-trade. Now for the Outline ; — [See Table on last page.] Now for example^of application of the "Sliding Scale.'* We find the average increase, per cent, on totarsums at foot of columns, for each decade^^ten .years — (omittiiig first decade, from 1800 ;— the African slave-trade, tolera* ted until 1808, giving a much larger increase-— 15.6 per cent, on sum total >"^aud, see Georgia, 102, 9 per cent ;) from 1810, to be 25.6 per cent; — (our own computation of average, E. E.) Next we will take Virginia-, as hav- ing the greatest slave population, "^vhere from its gene- eral advantages of climate, occupation, and more com- fortable condition, Ave might expect to find — aided by speciality process, or system of slave rearing,— gy en a much larger than average increase^^^say 35 to 40 per cent.,(see increase on total population first given,) and yet she shows an average of 6.6 per cent, only ; and in one decade, 1840 to 1850«^— an actual decrease of 1.4 per cent. So also of the other border Slave States. What becomes of the s-urplus ? ^ by this very small per centage of increase, in the more favorable border States,— and vastly greater, in the less favorable, more southern, and Gulf States.^ Answer: Inter-state slave- trade. Let us now take as a basis of computation, 490,887 the slaves of Virginia, as given in the table for 1860. At the ratio of 40 per cent, increase, (we think the ra- tio not too large as before shown) and find the amount for present decade — now in its 2d year — of numerical increase 196,354, but at the apparent average increase since 1810, only 32,395 i. e., 6.6 per cent., showing a difference of 163,959 — doubtless a close approxima- tion to truth ; — and hence, an average yearly sale from Virginia, to other states, of 16,395 — an army ! of men women and children— or 163,959 in 10 years — suppose if continued to 1870, as in former decades ! Tiie same reasoning applies to other border States. Who will say the inter-state slave-trade has not a History ? It may be unwritten, —or but partially, yet holdXy , outlined on earth ; — but most accurately and minutely filled in Heaven!! And this of Virginia!? — the "mother of Presidents"! where was born, lived and died, a Wash- ington! with many noble compeers, and coadjutors in the race [of Freedom ! Alas! how degenerate! pros- titute ! sold to infamy ! Is not this same Virginia — ( 69 equivocal in policy — assuming, to be umpire ; — neutral, yet menacing — "no coercion of a sister state, — "Compromise and Conservatism :" — this pet of the nation ; yet pillaging all within her grasp ; is not this same Virginia, the head and front ; the heart and soul ; of this rebellion ? And what is her present sit- uation ? laid waste by hostile armies ; sundered and shaken as by earthquake 1 How suited are God's judg- ments ! Her map is but a picture of retributions. In corroboration of our position, hear one of her earlier noble sons, Thos. J. Randolph, in the Ya. Leg- islature of 1832. Extract from debates ; ''It is a practicp, and an increasing pract'c^, in parts of Yirginia. to rear slaves for market. How can an honorable mind, a patriot and a lover of his country, bear to Fee this Ancient DomiLion, rendered il- lustrious b^ the noble devotion and patriot sra of her sons in the cause of liberty, converted into one grand menagerie, whtre men are to be reared tor the market, like oxen for the shi:mblep? Is it better, is it not worse, than the slave trade — that trade which enlisted the labor of the good and wise of evtry cned, and every clime, to abolish it? The trader receives the slave, a stranger in largiiage, aspect, and m:in- ners, from the merchant who has t rouizht him Trom the intericr. The ties of father, mother, husl and, and child, have all been rent in twain; before he receives him his soul has become callous. Bat here. sir. in- dividuals whom the mas'er has known, from infancy, whom he has seen sporting in the innocent gambols ot childhood, -^ho have been accustomed to look to him lor protection, he tears from a moihtrs' arms, and selis into a strange couutry, amcng strange people, subject to crufl taskma-ter?. -'He has attem[ ted to justify slavery here, because it exists in Afri- ca, and has stated that it exists all over the world. Upon the same principle he could justify Mdhometatjisra, with its plurality of wives, petty wars of plunder, robbery and murder, or any other of the abom- inations and enormities of savage tribes. Does slavery exist in any part of civilized Europe ? No, sir, in no part of it.'' Here is the shading of the historic page of the inter- state slave trade. Yes, verily, Yirginia ! the Old Do- minion ; the boast of chivalry; openly, boldly declares her sympathy with the slave rebellion, for the evident principal reason, that she constitutes herself, by her cherished policy, the cis-Atlantic Africa, of slavo supply ! of slave trade ! ! Her position, her history, her influence, and her arrogance, constitute her the TO rtsponsihle leader of the rebellion, first, by covert countenance, and last by open embraces ; giving her Capitol to the reign of slavery ; illustrating her char- acteristic lust of "Dominion"; appropos, of the fitting adage, "Better reign in H— 1, than serve in Heaven.'' And yet another glance at our sliding scale : we see the slaves of Virginia in 1800, numbered 345,796 ; double and treble, of other principal slave states, and 7-17ths, or nearly one-half the entire slave population of the nation. Again we see the total of slaves in 1860, more than 4 1-2 times greater than in ISOC— a ratio of increase doubtless fully equal to, or exceeding, that of the entire native population of the nation, aside from the vast and constant immigration from other coun- tries : and yet the increase in Virginia, for the entire period of sixty years, is little more than l-4th, instead of 4 1-2 times* Is not this incGntestihk proof that Vir^ ginia, prima inter pares ! is the foster-mother of Slavery in th-e United States !— Queen of courtezans— the Cleo- patra at the National Capital, debauching the very elect — reducing ihQ Government to subservience! the very Procuress, Mistress, Beldam of the brothel ! — We say then, as to a pupil in music, '^study the scalesP ^^What need u-e of any further witnesses^^^ If it lie charged we have employed a figure inap- propriate for " ears polite," as of things " not to be named as becometh saints," — we only answer, we are not now speaking of ^^ Saints. ^^ The suggestion in our mind finds warrant in the striking correspondence with the scarlet of the Apocalyptic vision, (Rev. xvii and xviii,) especially, and literally, in the items, ^'slaves, and souls of men^' — say twelve to fifteen thou- sand sold annually ! or nearly one million within the last sixty 3'earsl and is this correspondence to be tra- ced still farther ? to the end of the chapter ? "^i^irf in her was found the blood of prophets a7id of saints, and of all that were slain upon the Earth?" Of The African Slave trade ; y/e had designed to give an outhne of some pages,drawn principally from the Edinburgh Encyclopedia ; but our prescribed space affords not room even for the briefest abstract. We barely note as follows, to wit ; "This trade was first 71 begun by the Portuguese about the year 1481. The manner of first obtaining, and next of transporting slaves, styled the "middle passage,'^ in which "the best ships afforded scarcely as much room for a slave, as a man has in his coffin," — so that "about one-fourth die on the passage;" and nearly as many more during the first ten years — or period of seasoning."- -the annual loss thus resulting, computed at 45,000, was indeed shocking to humanity ! Measures for the abolition of the trade were initiated about the year 17S7. Sharpe, Clarkson, andWilberforce, aided by others like-minded, were the leading spirits; but for full twenty years their persevering efforts were continually baiflecl, un- til the measure was at last triumphantly carried in Parliament, in 1807 ; 283 to 16. The abolition of Slavery itself, under British rule, is the well-known glorious record of our own day. The Radicals — Fanatics; Clarksons, Wilberforces, Suinners, Lovejoys, Phillipses ; Gerritt Smiths; ko, &c 5 a word here as to these. Sturdy, staunch, super- erect — i. e. inclining more or less to an opposite ex- treme—Cosmopolitanism — and alleged "negro equali- ty"— (fee, seemingly essaying to "make straight what God has made crooked." yet, indispensable withal — according to a well-known law of mechanics, as moral purchase pillars, for elevating the prone and crouching to an upright position. Heaven has its adaptations in ex- act, overmatching, counter-plot to slavery, and H— 1. When did ever the Almighty dispense with his Elijahs for "troubling" a wicked nation ? On the Subjects — Democracy, and Republicanism^ we would have demonstrated more fully, and clearly, the importance of a just equilibrium of these elements, both in civil, and ecclesiastical poJity. Also, on the Constitu^ tion; its purity, as regards Slavery. We know too, Per- tinacity will still cling to its hobby; and of others, the * hope is vain of overcoming peculiar mental iWo(syn- cra)cy. "We speak as to Wise Men." Errata. Without particular reference, we discover occasional slight typographical errors in oui JVulshell, fov future correction. ♦: ^: •^. O o c _■ t-- o i* cLt- ^^ CO oo ^ ^•^ ^^ X M o s , — t- o <"" •"■ re I^ «3 ^ lH c^ o ^ - r«A T— o cc JTi' • • C~7 Z Z = ^ X! *rx z ~ o C-. 'e Ci X ^ s -^ a: c i^ ri 1^ t- ut — vs X t- «^ L-:' — t— — :c "-c H c; — — -T o' c: ?e' m: o CO '- cc re c ^ i: '^ r - - ?5 '^ ^ ue o CM re CM -^^ o X* oj o S — ' re L. o S3 ^ -o • >^ r- . -^ re I- X 'c.^ ce • CM CM 1^ ~«|x ti % xr:Oc:2x--:^l2ir: jXir: CMiHv5inc5wXre;j: -ir:?^ X -o ^ C' *^^ ^^^st and the Levite. ^^^P^^'^^^'.f^'^:^:^^^ ^^7-r.^^ i^dgment, thus: ^'^ ^n to all natK n.^to tTpToe^l-mfd^n 'S? t7^^'^ ',!?^^^^ ^^ P^*^« «^d yet IS S avc rj-, aiUit the i-reate/t^its^Hp ^ ^^ '^'''^^ '^ ^^^^^J creature, m^ m Its tiain, by an inSS neeessi^'^/*^*'^'*^""^^^^^^ "^ring-' ^We name is lefrion;" or as w th b^t HiIlA /^''J^ ^^ '"^^^^ n.ischiefl nly expressed, -the.vjnofllm.ltift-''''^^^^^ nutte^, to my disciples !" '^Ut GcJ^l 7 ft^^'A ^^P'^^^^J' tolerate d, per- ^ te consistent precert anci ttf t * ^' ''''^ ^^^'^' man a liar." Let «^ Tacit pc-rn.ission,^eTuJllcut to c^in^:^ ^^^.^' .^^-^^^h all men, never Best men err, by a'false Kule O^? w^'t^^f '^^'^^-^ ^ '' ^^^ rule, ^-c loth it, and its occasion cWlv^n,^""^' *^'^ " ^^ ^^^ beginning." not of permission. ' ^ •' '""P^^ ^ &<^^traj rule of pbohibitios • ^^aMman, whatof the niV>>t» Ti, • . , ' drn.us le ver of rebellioX^his Vml^r/S^J^ '^' ''""'' • ^^^ ^he mur- - -■ver ,ts nakedness, prosJifuted t^^^JlJ^^^^V-l' ^^ '^^ ^^*^"^^ to diL cj-n^rvatism and eomfromisfaga n ^ ,;":^;l f^^*^ ^^ *^« % leaves o^ ol skin be nghteousncL ' «' A vfi i^ ^> /" ^^^ sprons ? Mar its rn«* I«.«erless to avert Gods ri^lt/^. T„i^ """^ ""* ArtiU«rT, are alike COMHENrATICNS OF THE NriSBr'T^ ^v ^^l-4f---.-.-.^ec?er-^rJt^^^^^ " I have'^.^ad rth f^i !J^""-. '»*- M, ™Ur of Cong„« •■'!' ""l-J^ « "f .hvery, Vrd .he^x.t/n^" o/;"''"* H^-d-l^i < n tleVn From Jamr* Llovd Grrrrr V.=„ iir J have read the Nutshc ll t^^K L^ ' Mayor of Norwich Golden KuJe u 7. Vi "^, "'"* *^ '^'crefct.' I ihint iT ' " ^UiB. It IS well worth perusal" ^* «iuare8 wiih From Rev. Dr Field FiS^* n "1 think the views rrT,ff,'^ •°^^*-^'^l Church Kcw T^r,^ CONTENTS. Advertisement ^ Preface c Introduction 4 Argument stated — based on Conscience and Kevelation in con- currence • .^ Application to the System of American Slavery 11 Old Testament Teachings "in the Besinning," < riginal Divine Rights, &c li Fugitive Slave Law of the Bible — Egyptian Bondage. U Lost Ten Yerses restored to first chapter Genesis 20' Sin of Slavery — how Personal ; not properly National 2;-^ Close of First Lecture— Original Song, ^'The Old Flag" 29. Lecture Second — New Testament Teachings 3n Case of Onesimus ^'^> What is Araericjn Slavery? "Argiimentum ad Hominem". Clirist'anity, o.nd Humanity, of Slavery 38 Its effect^ upon Private and Social Morals 39 National Influence— Sundry Important Points 41 Charge of '' Abolitionist" — "Negro Equality," &c.. disposed oi. 48 Allegiance Defined : Eebellion, &c.. ^ii End of Second Lecture— Original Song, "Good Old Constitu- tion" ^. . . . o Appendix. Testimony, &c •" Politics,&c 62 Democracy — Republicanism — Constitution 6.") Inter-State Slave Trade 67 African Slave Trade "70 Radicals : Fanatics : &c., &c '1 Table :— and Sliding Scale "2 3oF 3?! .eAg'12 i n' imrrTn mi u **rtT»-wr a K a