^Y-'^^'y^-' r\ He ^attie ofi/fonocaci/. .orvoc.a.c-vi ■>pj/riff/it, /S9S, bj/ £duiarci 2/. Soids bcrou^/i.) EARLY'S GREAT RAID He Advances Through Maryland, BATTLE OF MONOCACY, The Union Forces Under Gen, Lew Wallace Stubbornly Contest the Field Against Overpowering Numbers, WALLACE RETREATS, Narrow Escape from Capture of Gen, E, B, Tyler and his Staff and Orderlies. By E, Y. Goldsborough, First Lieutenant and Aid^dc-'Camp} Past Department Commander, Department of Maryland, G, A, R„ Frederick, Md. [copyrighted.] J »3orarily, under Col. A. L. Brown; Capt, Alexander's (Md.) Battery, six g"uns, and 100 men of the 150th Ohio National (iuard (serving- as mounted infantry,) commanded b\' Capt. E, H. Leib, 5th U, S. Cav., and 'Capt H. S, Allen; Lieut. Col. Clendennin's squadron of the 8th 111, Cav. of 250 men, and four Showing- Positions of Federal and Rebel Troops West of Frederick, July 7th, 1864. I m I . . iiai K i^*^ I m III ■! lai— i— ii^ " ,. ill I • P""l.>^*' MONOCACY BA-r-PLKFIELD AND ViCIXITY. companies ol the 1st Potomac Home Brig^adc, about 200 strong-, under Capt. Brown. See report of Gen. Wallace, War of the Rebellion, Series 1, Volume 37, Part 1, pag^e 193. On Thursday, July 7, Lieut, Col. ClendeTinin, with the 8th 111. Cav., and Lieut. Leary, with a sec- tion of Alexander's Battery, had a skirmish with the rebels on Catoctin Mountain and in Middletown Valley, and in the afternoon the 3d Md. P. H. B., the 8th 111 Cav., and three g-uns of Alexander's bat- tery and Capt. Lieb's mounted infantry had afig^ht with a strong- column of the rebel advance force about one mile west of Frederick City, between the Harper's Ferry and Hag-erstown turnpike roads, near Prospect Hill. (See position on map of July 7.) Rebellion Record, Series 1, Volume 37, Part 11, Pag-e 100, July 7th, 3:40 P. M. A larg-e force of \^eterans has arrived by water and will be sentim- mediatel}'. As Sigel's force remains on Maryland Heig-hts, you are doubtless aware of the g-reat im- portance of preserving- Monocacy bridg-e. If it be damag-ed or destroyed, g-reat delay will result in g-etting- forward re-enforcements to General Sig-el. I trust you will be able to maintain your position and protect fully this most important structure. At 4:55 Gen. Wallace replied: My troops are en- g-ag^ing- the enemy to west and in the skirts of Fred- erick. Warm cannonading- g-oing- on. I will hold the bridg-e at all hazards. Send on troops as rapidly as possible. J. W. Garrett teleg-raphs Mr. Stanton that our agent at Monocacy states: Some difficulty exists on account of the delicacy of Generals Wallace and Tyler in commanding- the troops west of the Mo- nocacy, in view of their departmental limits. July 7th, 9:00 P. M.— E. M. Stanton, Sec. of War, to J. W. Garrett, Esq: Gen. Wallace has been di- rected to operate without reference to departmental lines. Pages 108, 109 and 110. Pag^e 101, July 7th, 8:55 P. M.— J. W. Garrett to 10 Hon. K. M. Stanton: Gen. Wallace telegraphs that after a battle of four hours the enemy has been tin- ally repulsed from Frederick, After a sharp eng-ag^ement of about four hours, during which the rebels threw a number of shells into Frederick City, our batter}- dismounted one of the rebel guns and silenced their artillery, and they were driven back to the mountain by a charge bv the 3d Md. P. H. B., under Col. Gilpin. Our loss during the day was two men killed, one officer and 17 men wounded; w^hilst the rebels reported loss was 140 killed and wounded. Thursday night Col. Gilpin's reg-iment. Col. Clendennin, w-ith the 8th 111., Capt. Leib's mounted infantry, and Alexander's battery, resting on their arms, remained in the western suburbs of Frederick City, near the ground where they had fought during the afternoon. Rebellion Record, Series 1, Vol. 37, Part 11, page 117.^ — Lieut. Shearer of Gen. Bradley T. Johnson's Staff, captured with two private soldiers, says that the design is not upon Pennsylvania, but upon Washington City. That the advance into Pennsyl- vania is a blind and a diversion to distract attention from the main object, and supply the exhausted stock of animals. Page 131. — Gen. Couch reports enemy about 30,000, said to be 125 pieces of artillery, five brig- ades of cavalry, McCausland's, Jones', Jackson's, Imboden's and Ransom's. The first composed of four regiments 2800 strong. Three infantry di- visions, Early's, (commanding his old one,) Breck- inridg-e's and Rhodes'; Breckinridge's about 15,000. Having had no report from Col. Gilpin as to the result of his engagement with the enem}', or of his plans for further operations, Gen. Tyler directed Lieut. Goldsborough about midnight, Thursday night, to ride into Frederick, find Col. Gilpin, get all the information that he had of the strength of the force that he had fought with, the direction they were moving, &c. Lieut. Goldsborough went 11 to Frederick, found the 3d Md. Reg-t., and Alex- ander's Battery, one section, resting" on their arms on the hill, west Patrick street, at the Junction of the Harpers Ferry and Hag^erstown Turnpikes, and Col. Gilpin asleep in the House of Mr. Freder- ick Lambert, nearby, obtained a report from him and returned with it at once to Gen. Tyler at Mon- ocacy Junction. Upon receipt of the report from "a. c: u H m a o G o u U rs PQ a o •*^ CO 12 Col. GUpin it was deemed best to send reinforce- ments to him, and early the next morning- (Friday, July 8th,) the 144th and 149th Ohio regiments, part of the force that had been collected at the Mono- •cacy Junction, Col. Brown commanding-; and later, Col. Henry with part of the 1st Brigade, 3d Div., '(')th Corps, marched from the Junction along- the east bank of the Monocacy, across the Stone Bridg-e and by way of the Baltimore Turnpike into Fred- erick Citv, under command of Brig-. Gen. E. B. Tyler, to support the 3d Md. P. H. B., three g-uns of Alexander's Battery, the 8th 111. Cav., under Lieut. Col. Clendennin, and the mounted infantry under Capt. Lieb. July 7th. — Gen. Ricketts' division of the 6th Corps ■commenced arriving- at Baltimore at 6:30 P. M.; orders were issued at once to proceed to Monocac}- without delay. The result of the eng-agfementof Thursday after- noon, (July 7th,) and the information obtained by the scouts and skirmishers confirmed the rumors that the object of the raid was to plunder the rich vallies of Maryland and southern Pennsylvania, and then move in force on Washington City and perhaps Baltimore, both of which they knew were in a de- fenseless condition. It therefore became neces- sary for Gen. Wallace to make the best disposition that he could of his small force to dela}' the invad- ers and thus give time for, at least a partial defence of the National Capital, He knew that it would be idle to attempt to defend Frederick City against such overpowering^ numbers. The high bank of Monocacy River on the east side, extending for about three miles from south of Monocacy Junction, north of the Baltimore Turnpike, offered a pecu- liarly advantag-eous position for defense, covering the gfeat highways, the Georg-etown Turnpike to Washington, the Baltimore Turnpike to Baltimore and the Baltimore & Ohio Railroad. There it was decided to throw up fortifications and give battle, 13 to develop their streng-th and delay them as long- as we could. Our cavalry skirmished with the rebel cavalry during the day (Friday, July 8th,) along- Catoctin Mountain, near Rocky Springs School House, and the artillery stationed near the city limits on the north side of the road had a spirited fight with a Showing Federal and Rebel Lines of Battle July 8th, 1864. 14 rebel battery on Hag-an's Hill, about a mile west of the city, on the south side of the Hag^erstown road, (see map for positions of July 8th,) killing- a num- ber of their men and horses, with a loss on our side of one officer and one man killed and seven men wounded. As the day advanced we found that we were op- posing an army entirely too strong to be checked by our small command, and it was determined to abandon Frederick City, as it appeared that the enem3''s object was to move around us to the south and get possession of the Washington Turnpike. Rebellion Record, Series 1, Volume 37, Part 11, page 127, July 8th, 8:00 P. M.— Wallace determines to withdraw immediately from Frederick and cover Washington if necessary. Page 128. — Halleck telegraphs to Gen. Ricketts to report to Gen. Wallace, and assist him in re- tarding the enemy's movements towards Washing-- ton and Baltimore. Toward evening- all our quartermaster and com- missary stores were sent away, and at night the troops were quietlv withdrawn from Frederick City, and marched by the same route over which we had come in the morning, back to Monocacy Junction, where it was determined we would make a stand the next day. After we withdrew the reb- els came in and took possession of Frederick City. That Friday evening the Third Division of the 6th Corps, Army of the Potomac, Brig. Gen. James B. Rickets commanding, reached Monocacy Junc- tion, having been sent up from the Army of the Potomac, comprising the following commands: First Brigade. — Col. W. S. Truex, commanding, 1,750 men; 106th N. Y., Col. Paine; 151st N. Y., Col. ICmerson; I4th N. J., Lieut. Col. Hall; 10th Vt., Col. Henry; 87th Pa., Lieut. Col. Stable. Second Brigade. — 1,600 men. Col. McClennan, commanding--138th Pa ; 9th N. Y., Col. Seward; 126th Ohio, Lieut. Col. Ebright; 110th Ohio, Lieut. 15 Col. Binkley, and a detachment of the 122d Ohio, Second Lieut, (libson; total, 3,350 men; increasing; our numbers to about 5,850 infantry, Alexander's- Maryland Battery of six three-inch rifle guns, and a 24 pound brass Howitzer^ that was placed near the blockhouse on the east bank of the Monocacy» The residue of the Third Division of the Sixth Corps, it was reported, would arrive the next day. It came up to Monrovia, but did not take part in the battle. Page 138. — Statement of light on Friday, July 8th, and evacuation of Frederick that night. On Saturday morning, July 9th, we found that the enemy had followed us closely, and picket-fire- ing began soon after daylight. From their friends in Frederick (the rebel sym- pathizers) they had obtained information of our movements and strength, and with their vastly su- perior numbers, estimated at about 30,000 men, they doubtless thought it would be an easy task to annihilate us whenever they concluded to do so. Our line, somewhat in the form of a semi-circle, ex- tended from Baker's farm, on the Georg-etown Turnpike, to the Monocac}' Junction; thence along* the east bank of the Monocacy River to the Stone Bridge on the Baltimore Turnpike, and toHug-hes* Ford beyond, a distance of about six miles in all, with a picket line on the west side of the river, hold- ing the Baltimore & Ohio Railroad at the Y formed by the main line of the Baltimore & Ohio Railroad, and the branch road from Frederick City; to pro- tect the turnpike bridge and the (iron) railroad bridge, that the rebels might not use them to cross a force over to break our center, and also a picket line on the Baltimore Turnpike, on the west side of Monocacy, guarding the Stone Bridge, "to prevent them from getting in on our right flank. Our po- sition on the left from Baker's farm to Monocacy Junction extended along the crest of a range of V- :11s overlooking the valleys beyond; and yet, with our 16 small numbers and a necessarily weak and long-- drawn-out line, to cover a front of about two miles, with probably 3,500 men; the Georgetown or Wash- ington Turnpike, the road that the enemy would use on their way to the Capital, was so well guarded that it was not 'till late in the afternoon that we were compelled to abandon it. Although there had been skirmish-firing earlier, the fight really began about 9:00 o'clock on our cen- ter, and the rebels were detained, securing the $200,000 which they had levied upon the City of Frederick, with the threat that the city would be sacked and burned unless it was paid, so that their main body did not reach the battlefield until after- noon. In the morning a column of infantry marched down the Georgetown Turnpike from Frederick City, followed by artillery. They threw out skir- mishers and began firing. About 8:00 o'clock in the morning a rifle gun posted on a hillock between two trees, a IHtle west of the Frederick branch of the Baltimore & Ohio Railroad, on what was then known as the Cronise farm, opened fire upon our Headquarters near the railroad bridge, the first shot mortally wounding two men of the 15lst N. Y. In this first firing several men of the 87th Pa. Regt. were severely wownded, whilst the regiment laid in the yard in front of Mr. GambrilFs house, and one or two killed near Gambrill's mill. Their range was so accu- rate that we were soon compelled to change Head- quarters to a position near the blockhouse on the north side of the railroad, and to move some troops that were near the old warehouse on the south side of the Baltimore & Ohio Railroad nearer to our Headquarters, that they might have the protection of the hill formed by the east bank of the Mono- cacy, which at that point rises to quite a height above the river. At the Stone Bridge, on the Baltimore Turnpike, 17 Col. Brown, commanding- the 144th and 149th Ohio, deployed a skirmish line along' the crest of the ridg"e on the west side of the Monocacy at daybreak, and having-. placed a strong- g-uard at Crum's Ford, about a mile above the railroad bridg-e, made such other dispositions of his forces as seemed necessary to enable him to hold his position. At about 6:00 A. M., a force of the enemy having- marched from Frederick, by the Baltimore Turnpike, threw out a skirmish line and opened fire on our men. Later in the morning-, about 10:00 A. M., a force of rebel cavalry attempted to cross at Crum's Ford and turn our left; but Col. Brown sent Co. E, of the 149th Ohio, and a company of the mounted infantry under Capt. Leib, to reinforce the infantry g-uard under Capt. McGinnis, holding- the ford, and the enemy were driven back and prevented from cross- ing- the river, and withdrew. About 500 yards west of the ridg-e on which our skirmish line deployed, is another parallel ridg-e with a little valley between, extending- north of the turnpike and breaking- off into a wider rang-e of lowland to the Monocacy River at our extreme rig^ht. On this ridg-e, on the northsideof the turn- pike, stood a dwelling--house, (Simpson's log- house) in which a force of rebel sharpshooters was located, where they had excellent protection, and from which, through holes pierced in the chinking-«be- tween the logs, their guns commanded a complete rang-e of'the ridge behind which our skirmish line was deployed. So accurate was their fire that it was dang-erous for our men to even show their heads above the hilltop. About noon, having- massed a heavy force of in- fantry on the left of our skirmish line defending- the Stone Bridge, they deployed and advanced upon us. The superiority of their numbers enabled them to force back our left and secure an enfilad- ing- fire upon our line. To reg-ain the position we had lost, Co. B, 149th Ohio, was ordered to charg-e 18 the enemy with fixed bayonets, which they did, but were repulsed. Cos. B, I and G of the 144th Ohio were sent to reinforce Co. B, and the rebels were routed. There seemed to be no point where an attack could be made that was not taken advantag-e of by the rebels, and defended with equal promptness by the union forces. As soon as the artillery opened on our Headquarters, near the railroad bridg-e, a body of rebel sharpshooters who had taken possession of Best's barn, on the west side of the Georgetown Turnpike, began to pick off our skirmishers de- fending the railroad, from the railroad station to the turnpike at the Y. Three guns of Alexander's battery and a brass cannon were at once placed in position on the hill on the east bank of the Monocacy, near the block- house. A well-directed shell set fire to Best's barn and scattered the rebel sharpshooters, giving some relief to the detachment of the 10th Vt., and 1st Md. P. H. B., along the railroad, and turning the fig-ht on our center for the rest of the day mostly into an artillery duel. About 10:30 A. M., the first line of battle appeared and Gen. Ricketts was compelled to change front to the left, his right now resting on the river bank near the wooden bridge. Whilst making this change his command was under an enfilading fire from the batteries posted on Best's farm across the river. About the same time a body of rebel cavalry (McCausland's,) dismounted and deployed as skir- mishers, advanced upon our left along the George- town Turnpike, evidently expecting that ours were new troops, but they soon discovered their mistake and were driven back in confusion and with heavy loss, by the veterans of the old Sixth Corps. About noon an attack was made upon the de- tachment of the 10th Vt., two companies of the 1st Md. P. H. B., and one company of the 9th N. Y. H. A., who were guarding the blockhouse and the 19 railroad at the Y on the west side of the Monocacy. The fig-hting- was very severe, and our men, with heavy loss, stubbornly held their g-round until af- ternoon, when they were ordered to fall back to the rifle pits on the east side of the Monocacy. They burned the blockhouse to prevent the rebels using- it, and the wooden bridg-e over the Monocacy, and then retired across the river and occupied the rifle pits, successfully g^uarding- the railroad bridg^e until our troops (the main body) retreated. About the same time the main portion of their army, about 20,000 strong-, having left Frederick City, marched out the Georg-etown Turnpike, thence by the Sand Hole Road, now known as the Buckeystown Turn- pide, to the Baltimore & Ohio Railroad, nearShoaf's Creek, and moving- south of the Monocacy Junction, and west of the Georgetown Turnpike, crossed the river, which was then very low, at an old ford about a mile below the wooden bridg-e, where, near Mr. John T. Worthing-ton's house, under the cover of a heavy woods and behind the hill, they formed their line of battle opposite our extreme left. The left of our line, commanded by Gen. Rick- etts, was composed of a part of the Sixth Corps, Army of the Potomac, viz: First Brig-ade. — Col. W. S. Truex, commanding— 106th N. Y., Capt. Paine; 151st N. Y., Col. Emerson; 14th N. J., Lieut. Col. Hall; 10th Vt, Col. Henry; 87th Pa., Lieut. Col. James A. Stable. Second Brigade. — Col. Matthew R. McClennan, commanding- — 9th»N. Y. H. A., Col. W. H. Seward, Jr.; 110th Ohio, Lieut. Col. Binkiey; 122d Ohio, (detachment,) Lieut. Charles J. Gibson; 120th Ohio, Lieut. Col. Ebrig-ht; 138th Pa., Maj. Lewis K. May. Three g-uns of Alexander's Balti- more battery, supported on the left by'apartof the 8th 111. Cav., commanded by Lieut. Col. Clendennin. The rig-ht, commanded by Brig-. Gen. E. B. Tyler, consisted of the First Separate Brig-ade, Eig-hth Corps; 3d Md. P. H. B., Col. Charles Gilpin; three companies of the 1st Md. P. H. B., under Capt. 20 Bamford; 11th Md., (100 days,) Col. Landstreet; three g-uns of Alexander's Baltimore Battery, and a 24 pound Howitzer, extended along- the east side of the Monocacy River, guarding: the railroad bridg-e and the fords on the river to the Stone Bridg-e on the Baltimore Turnpike, which was held by the 144th and 149th Ohio (100 days men,) under Col. Brown, whilst Hug-hes' Ford, about a half-mile north of the btone Bndg-e, forming- our extreme rig-ht, was g-uarded by a few cavalrymen. The rebel forces that made the invasion into Maryland were composed of Ewell's old Corps (en- tire,) consisting: of three divisions, commanded re- spectively by Gens. Rodes, Gordon and Ransom, and of Breckinridg-e's Corps, with a larg-e body of cavalry and a force of artillery, all under comm'and of Gen. Jubal A. Early, and divided as follows: Ewell's Old Corps (infantry) - Breckinridg^e's Corps (infantry) Artillery - - . _ Cavalry - - - _ . Total 12,000 10,000 1,000 7,000 30,000 Gen. McCausland commanded a brig-ade of cav- alry, and Gen. Bradley T. Johnson had command of Jones' Brigade, of the Valley ca\alry. Gen. Gor- don, commanding- a division, was under Breckin- ridg-e, who commanded his own and Gordon's Di- visions. See Rebellion Record, Series 1, Volume 37, Part 1, pag-e 350. 21 Until about 10:30 A. M., the fig-hting- on our cen- ter and left was mostly skirmishing- and experi- mental cannonading-, which very effectually de- veloped the superiority, both in the number and caliber, of the enemy's g-uns. We had six 3-inch rifle cannons to their 16 or 18 Napoleons. The rebel cavalry and artillery had pushed rapidly to- ward our left, crossed the river and charg-ed upon Gen. Ricketts Third Division, Sixth Corps, with a recklessness that indicated their belief that they were iig-hting- raw troops. Gen. Ricketts chang-ed front to the left, so that his rig-ht rested on the bank of the river, repulsed the enemy, and then charg-ed and drove them back. During- this time our line was subjected to a con- tinuously heavy enfilading- fire from two or more rebel batteries on the west side of the Monocacy River, By 1:00 o'clock P. M., it became evident from the g-reat superiority of their numbers and the g-reater length of their lines, that we must put all our available force before them on the left. Ac- cording-ly, the blockhouse on the west side of the Monocacy, and the wooden bridg-e were burned, and the force that had been on g-uard there was withdrawn to the east side of the river to g-uard the railroad bridg-e, whilst such as could be spared were sent to streng-then Gen. Ricketts' line of bat- tle. Two more of the g-uns of Alexander's battery 22 were also sent to Gen. Ricketts. About 2:00 o'clock P. M., Gen. Gordon crossed about a mile below the Monocacy Junction, formed their second line and advanced on our left. We now had all our forces in one line, with no reserves except the 11th Md., which was with Gen. Tyler at the iron bridg-e, ex- pecting- at any moment to be sent to assist Col. Brown at the Stone Bridg-e. The rebel skirmish- ers fell back, and, with a yell, their line charg-ed upon our left. Our boys, cool and calm, held their lire 'till the enemy were within close rang-e; they then poured into them terrible and well-directed volleys, followed by a charg-e that routed them and sent them back past Worthing-ton's house with broken ranks and heavy loss. Mortified at this unexpected repulse, and terri- fied by the reception that had been g-iven them by the Sixth Corps, they declared that they would not advance ag-ain. The officers, brandishing- their swords, cursed and swore at their men and ordered them into line. Our troops occupied the position they had g-ained for about an hour, when orders were g-iven to advance the line, which was done un- der a murderous fire of musketry and artillery, the latter coming- obliquely from the front and rear, and an enfilading- fire directly from the rig-ht from the batteries on the west side of the river. It was impossible to hold this position under such a fire, and our line fell back and formed along- a cut -in the Washing-ton Turnpike, still exposed to the fire of the artillery. Rebellion Record, Series 1, Volume 37, Part 1, pag-e 196. — Gen Wallace says: Finally by burning- the wooden bridg-e and block house at its further end, thus releasing- the force left to defend them, I put into the eng-ag-ement every available man ex- cept Tyler's Reserves. This charg^e developed their streng-th. Heavy skirmish firing- continued until 3:30 P. M., when they emerg-ed from behind a woods, where they 23 had formed, with a strong- skirmish line and two lines of battle, one behind the other, each of which overlapped ours, both on our rig^ht and left flanks, and outnumbering- us at least three to one. With a yell they came charging down the hill. The 6th Corps stood its ground manfully, repulsed their skirmish line and held their third line of battle in check 'till our ammunition gave out and the enemy had turned our right Hank, when, seeing the im- minent danger of our forces being- annihilated by the overwhelming numbers of the enemy, the or- der was given to fall back, and our troops withdrew under a terrific fire of infantry and artillery. The residue of the 3d division of the 6th Corps re- mained at Monrovia, on the Baltimore & Ohio Rail- road, and did not take part in the battle. When the infantry line fell back Col. Clendennin, with a part of the 8th 111. Cav., that had supported our left flank, retired toward Urbana, closely pur- sued by McCausland's Cavalry Brig-ade, and after some severe fig-hting- fell back to Monrovia. Over- powered by an enemy apparently four to one, our troops slowly retreated past Gambrill's Mill, along- the east bank of the Monocacy to Bartonsville, thence to New Market and Monrovia, thence by the Balti- more Turnpike to Ellicott's Mills and to Baltimore City. When the battle was over, and we had begun to retreat, it was all-important that we hold the Stone Bridg-e. Gen. Wallace ordered Col. Brown to hold, the Stone Bridg^e over the Monocacy, on the Balti- more Turnpike, to the last extremity, and when he was pressed so hard that nothing more could be done to command his men to disperse and to take care of themselves. Col. Brown made such dispo- sition of the forces under his command ashe thought would enable him to hold out as long- as possible. He contracted his skirmish line, thus strengthen- ing his center, and covered all the commanding- points that he could. Orders were given to the 24 cavalry to take such position as would protect the left flank, on the east side of the river. Gen. Tyler had started with his reserves (the 11th Md.) to Col. Brown's assistance, but on receipt of the order of Gen. Wallace to hold the bridg-e. Gen. Tyler, with Capt. Webb and Lieut. Goldsboroug-h, of his staff, g"alloped to the bridg^e and took command in person. When the head of the retreating- column reached the pike, Gen. Wallace rode up to the bridg-e and ordered that it be held at all hazards by the force then there, until the enemy should be found in its rear, at least until the last reg-iment had cleared the County road by which the retreat was being ef- fected. This order Gen. Tyler obeyed. At about 6:00 P. M., when our retreating- column was well on the way to New Market, a heavy at- tack was made along- Col. Brown's entire front at the Stone Bridg-e. Gen. Tyler sent Lieut. Golds- boroug-h, of his staff, with an order to .Col. Land- street, commanding the 11th Md., to move his regi- ment from the position in which they were in the meadow below Bartonsville, and to move down the pike towards New Market to join our columns. Lieut. Goldsborough gave the order to Col. Land- street, saw the regiment start down the pike, rode back and reported to Gen. Tyler, who was then on the hill, on the east bank of the river, overlooking the bridge. All our troops, except those holding the Stone Bridge, had now left, and, satisfied that Col. Brown's forces could not withstand the attack of the enemy's greater force. Gen. Tyler ordered that he withdraw his men from the west to the east side of the river. The men had begun to cross the bridge when an Orderly rode up, saluted Gen. Tyler, and said: "General, the rebels have turned our left, and are in our rear near Bartonsville." Owing to the length of his lines and the knowl- edge that the enemy were in their rear attempting to cut off their retreat by taking possession of the bridge from the east side, the command was with- 25 drawn in confusion. Col. Brown attempted to rally his iiK-n, when the enemy brouifht up his artillery and threw several shells, one of which struck the bridg-e while the men were crossing- it. The Col- onel succeeded in rallying- some of his men in the orchard, on the hill overlooking the bridg-e, and they fired several rounds into the enemy, who were advancing from the west, and also those in the wheatfield and woods on the south. The enemy's skirmishers on the east side of the river now opened tire on our flanks. This fire was returned by the men in tbe orchard, and the advance checked. By this time our men learned that the main body of our army had moved away an hour and a half or two hours before, and that they were surrounded. Many of them broke and threw away their guns to prevent the enemy from getting- them, and at- tempted to save themselves. The Colonel suc- ceeded in bringing- off about 300 of his command, with which he joined the main body at New Mar- ket. As soon as he had learned from the Orderly that the enemy was in our rear, Gen. Tyler, with his staff and several Orderlies, rode off toward Bartonsville to see if the report was correct. When we reached the top of the hill, at the entrance to the road leading to N. (). Cline's house, we saw a body of rebel cavalry in the orchard at Bartonsville. They at once opened fire and charged upon us. Re- alizing that it would be impossible for us to get past the force of the enemy that was attacking us, to join our main column that was retreating down the turnpike, we took the road leading past Cline's house, past the mill, and on to Hughes' Ford, so closely pursued that there was no chance of escape, except to continue on the road on the east bank of the river to the old Liberty road, which leads to Baltimore. Riding along we saw by the clouds of dust along the Woodsbon) Road, that s'^uads of cavalry were moving- in the direction that we were, but we hoped to get ahead of them. We reached 2(. the Liberty Road, turned east in the direction of Baltimore, and rode into the villag"e of Mount Pleas- ant, where, to our surprise, we came upon a squad of rebel cavalry plundering- a store. Our little party then consisted of Gen. Tyler, Capt. Webb, and Lieut. Goldsboroug-h, of the staff, and two or three Orderlies. Seeing- that we were Federal sol- diers they fired upon us, and either wounded or captured our Orderlies. We at once put spurs to our horses and dashed down the road for about a mile, when, discovering that they were pursuing, and as our horses were well worn out, would soon overtake us, we turned from the road into the woods, where Capt. Webb's horse fell and threw the Captain under him. The General and I dismounted, got the horse up, and helped the Captain on his feet. We then aband- oned our horses, turned them into the road and took to the bushes. Supposing that we were still on the horses, they followed them down the road and captured them. In the meantime we came across a colored man, named Ridgely, who piloted us to a safe hiding place in a dense thicket. That night we helped Capt. Webb, who was now quite lame from his accident, to the house of Mr. Ephriam Creager, a Unionist, living near by, who cared for him 'till our escape. We returned to our hiding place, where we remained until the following Mon- day evening, July 11th, when a squad of our cavalry that had driven the rear of the rebel column out of Frederick City, rescued us and brought us to Fred- erick City, whence with an escort of cavalry, we proceeded by way of the Baltimore Turnpike, and rejoined our command at the Relay House, on the Baltimore & Ohio Railroad, near Baltimore. When the infantry retreated toward the Balti- more Turnpike, Lieut. Col. Clendennin, with about 80 men of the 8th 111. Cav., on Ricketts' extreme left, was cut off from the main body and retired toward Urbana, skirmishing with McCausland's 27 Cavalry Brig-adc, which pressed them closely by and made several charg-es. On one of these, at Urbana, the 17th Va. Cav. charf^cd desperately, but were repulsed with the loss of their colors (captured by Col. Clendennin himself,) their Major, color-bearer and several men killed and a number wounded. Deploving- his 80 men as skirmishers and making- a show of having received reinforcements, the enemy dismounted a regiment to fig"ht him on foot and sent their horses to the rear. Col. Clenden- nin immediate!}' called back his skirmishers over a hill and fell back to Monrovia. There was heavy skirmishing along the Georgetown or Washing^ton Turnpike in front of Gen, Tyler's line during- the day until about the time the retreat beg-an. At the angle where the branch of the Baltimore & Ohio Railroad from Frederick City connects with the main road, passing under the bridg^e over the turnpike and forming the Y, our loss was severe. But the heaviest fighting was in a hollow, between the hills not far from Gambrill's Mill. Through the hollow runs a little stream, and so g^reat was the number of dead and wounded along- its banks, that the water for about 100 yards was red with blood. Our troops retreated quietly, and the enemy did not seem anxious to renew the figiit or attempt to capture them, as they mig-ht have done with their much larger numbers. We did not lose any of our battle flags, nor did they capture any of our artillery, as the entire battery and even the 24 pound Howitzer, and a mountain Howitzer that had been used to defend the railroad bridg-e at Mono- cacy, were brought safely off the field and taken to Baltimore. After the battle ended and our troops had moved off in the direction of Baltimore, squads of rebel soldiers traversed the country in every di- rection, taking- horses, forage and whatever they wanted, as there was nothing to stop theo, and it was not until Sunday morning, after burying their dead and damaging the iron railroad bridge at the 28 Monocacy, that Gen. Early resumed his march to- ward Washing-ton. The wounded were broug-ht to the United States General Hospital at Frederick City and cared for. COMPOSITION AND I.OSSI-^S OF THE UNION FORCl-:S IN THE BATTLE OF MONOCACY. iKill'dWnd, Command. Eig-ht Corps, First Sep- arate Brig-ade. Brig-. Gen. Erastus B. Tvler. 1st Md. P. H. B., (five companies,) Cap. Chas. J. Brown 3rd Md. P. H. B., Col. Charles Gilpin 11th Md., Col. Wm. T. Landstreet 144th Ohio (3 Go's,) ) 149th Ohio (7 Go's,) V Col. A. L. Brown, ) Baltimore Batter}-, Capt. F. W. Alexander Total First Separate Bri- g-ade Cavalry. Lieut. Col. David R.Clen- dennin. 8th 111., Lieut. Col. David Cap'd: or MisV 12 . 7 2 10 25 8' 2 60 35! 64 biD u bn be < 19 13 2 49 98 108 185 29 TABIE CON K. Clendennin I5*)th Ohio (dtch. mounted Inf.,) Cap. K. H. Leib, and Cap. H. S. Allen.. Detachment of mixed cav- alry, Mai. Wells Loudoun ( Va.) Rang-ers . . Total cavalry f)th Corps, 3d Div., Gen. J. B. Ricketts. Staff.. r,th Corps 3d Div., IstBrig. Col. W. S. Truex," Staff 14th N. J., Lieut. Col. C. K. Hall 106th N. Y., Capt. E. M. Paine 151st N. Y., Col. Wm. Emerson 87th Pa., Lieut. Col. Jas. A. Stahle 10th Vt., Col. Wm. W. Henry Total IstBrig-ade Second Brig^ade. Col. M. R. McClennan. 9th N. Y. H. A., Col. W. H. Seward, Jr 110th Ohio, Lieut. Col. O. H. Binkley 122d Ohio (detachment,) Lieut. C. J. Gibson 12r>th Ohio, Lieut. CoL.A. W. Ebrig-ht 138th Pa., Maj. L. A May Total 2d Brig-ade Total 3d Division Grand Total TINUED. 1 51 21 19 b 2 1 19 22 14 24 9 5 74 27 9 12 3 4 6 79 70 44 28 240 J J5 j|_99 10113 84 77 3 40 151248 ] 321488 36|567 29 44 32 31 31 167 99 50 46 51 _ J8 j'274 4'441 11'557 36 1 1 140 133 101 74 56 506 201 138 60 30 The 6th Maryland, 67th Pennsylvania and part of the 122nd Ohio did not reach the battle field. Killed 123, wounded 605, total killed and wounded 726, captured 668; total killed, wonuded and cap- tured 1,294. The following- is a list of the Union officers killed or mortally wounded: Capt. John V. Morris, 8th 111. Cav.; Lieut. Charles S. Gilbert, 8th 111. Cav.; Capt. Henry J. Conine. 14th N. J.; Capt. Henry W. Stults, 14th N. J.; Capt. James W. Conover, 14th N. J.; Lieut. James H. Ellis, 9th H. A.; Capt. Alfred J. Hooker, 106th N, Y.; Capt. Martin J. Camberlin, 106th N. Y.; Lieut. John King-ston, 106th N. Y.; Capt. William A. Hathaway, 110th Ohio; Lieut Geo. O. McMillen, 110th Ohio; Lieut. Jefferson O. McMil- lan, 122d Ohio; Lieut. Anthony M. Martin, 87th Pa.; Lieut. Charles F. Haack, 87th Pa.; Lieut. Daniel D. Dieterich, 87th Pa.; Lieut. John F. Spang-ler, 87th Pa. On the Confederate side, Maj.-Gen. John B. Gor- don, in his report of the battle, says: "I reg-ret to state that my loss was heavy in both officers and men, amounting- in the ag-g-reg-ate, as shown by tab- ular report of brig-ade commanders, to be 698." The estimate of the Confederate killed and wound- ed, as made from information on the Union side, amounted to about 275 killed and 435 wounded and left in hospital and private houses at Frederick City, making 710 killed and wounded, among- whom Col. J. H. Lamar and Lieut.-Col. Van Valkenburg-, of the 61st Ga., were killed, and Lieut.-Col. Hodg-es, 9th La., Hay's Brig-ade, was severely wounded and left in the hospital in Frederick City. Federal killed 123, wounded 603, total - 726. Rebel killed 275, wounded 435, " - 710. 1,436 Total killed, on both sides, - 398 " wounded, on both sides, - 1,038 " killed and wounded, - 1,436 31 I do not pt-ojjose to criticise the conduct of, or iharjjfc with inefficiency, any officer on the Confed- erate side, but it seems to nie that opportunities of securinf,^ for the Southeran Confederacy the most important results soug-ht to V^e accomplished by their invasion into Maryland were entirely over- looked or by the battle of Monocacy prevented. For instance, in the en