Cl^e jeortoiclj jHemorial THE ANNALS OF NORWICH NEW LONDON COUNTY, CONNECTICUT GREAT REBELLION OF 1861-65 MALCOLM McG. DANA PASTOR OF THE SECOND CONGREGATIONAL CHURCH, NORWICH, CONN. NORWICH, CONN. J. H. JEWETT AND COMPANY 1873 •?h'' V( " To THE BRAVE MEN OF NORWICH, WHO, UNDER THE IMPULSE OF A NOBLE PATRIOTISM, WENT FORTH TO DEFEND THEIR IMPERILED COUNTRY, IS THIS Memorial OF THEIR SUFFERIIMGS, ACHIEVEMENTS, AND TRIUMPHANT VALOR, RESPECTFULLY INSCRIBED BY THE AUTHOR. ^ PREFACE. THE following Memorial history is intended to present the military record of those who went from Norwich to serv'e in the Union armies or fleets during the war of the rebellion. The writer's design has been to give with this, some account of what was done at home, during the same period, by the citizens, and also by the town in its cor- porate capacity, for the action of both is entitled to honor- able mention in a volume like this. The narrative is surely worth preserving, and is one too, which may inte- rest not only us, but those who shall occupy our places hereafter. The annals of the town during so exciting a series of years as that covered by the war, the sacrifices made by the people, the heroes furnished for the field of conflict, the martyrs who laid down their lives on the country's altar, — all this is of historic significance, and constitutes a story to which none of us can be indift'erent. Such memorial rec- ords, not only perpetuate the names of those whose honor- able deeds conferred a real glory upon their native towns, but serve to inspire in after generations a reverence for truth and justice, and a desire to emulate the brave actions of those who have preceded them. So many years have elapsed since the war closed, that the remembrance of many facts and incidents that should VI PREFACE. have been preserved, has faded away. Had this history- been taken in hand earher, much more could have been gathered up which would without doubt have added to its worth and interest. The narrative has, however, been made as full and varied as under the circumstances was possible. The author from the first was reluctant to undertake the work, but it was urged upon him by the Committee having the matter in charge, with an earnestness and cordial trust, that led him to overlook his own unfitness for the task. Not a resident of Norwich till the closing year of the war, he of course could not write from personal knowledge concerning the events which here transpired. Still the hope is enter- tained that the history may for this reason be found to be all the more impartial and independent, written, as it is, from the view-point of one who was not himself a party to the events therein related, or affected by the various jealousies which the war gave rise to in different localities. No one can have a higher appreciation of the splendid war record of the town, of the noble achievements and sacrifices of those who have added a new lustre to its name and history than the writer, and his service in preserving these civic annals has been rendered with a willing heart. While engaged in this work, only words of encouragement have been spoken to the editor by his fellow-citizens, and nothing that they could do to show their interest in the undertaking, or facilitate its accomplishment, has been omitted. His thanks are due to the late publishers of the " Bulletin " for the free use of the bound volumes of their journal, and to Mr. Bolles, the present editor, for many favors. To the Hon. J. T. Wait, he is indebted not only for suggestions and items of information that have added to the value of the narrative, but also for his encouraging and helpful words. The patriotic fervor which made him so prominent during the years the conflict raged, has been . PREFACE. VU manifested again in urging on the i^reparation of tliis me- morial volume. To Mr. Campbell, lately of the " Bulletin," the editor is under obligation for personal favors and aid, and also to Mr. J. W. Stedman, of the "Advertiser." Gratefully would the author make mention of his especial indebtedness to Dr. Louis Mitchell, who from the first announcement of the work has taken a lively interest in it, and cordially rendered every assistance in his power. His own remembrances of war-times, his carefully preserved record of the men who went from Norwich, made him invaluable as a helper, and on all matters concerning which there was doubt, a safe counselor. By Dr. Mitchell the "Three Months' Roster," as well as the " General Mus- ter Roll " of all in the service was prepared, and many an hour of wearying pen-work has he assumed in our be- half, doing with accuracy and readiness what very few would have been willing to undertake, and fewer still able to accomplish. By L. E. Forrest Spofiford, who served with honor in the army, and lost an arm in his country's service, the editor was furnished with duplicate lists of the General Muster Roll, compiled with his characteristic accuracy, and of special value in verifying the names which appear on the " Roll of Honor." For the exceedingly attractive appearance of this volume, our readers are indebted to Messrs. Jewett & Co., who re- lieving the Committee of all financial responsibility, secured its publication in the most tasteful typographical manner possible, and then generously offered the book at its actual cost to the Sedgwick Post, G. A. R., of this city. What- ever profits have therefore resulted from the sale of the work, have inured to the benefit of the charity-fund of this Post. In their part of the undertaking the publishers have shown commendable enterprise, and have been actuated by VIU PREFACE. a patriotic desire to present the Memorial in the form and dress most calculated to enhance its value in the eyes of every purchaser. It was our own conviction that a history of this character should be written, perpetuating the story of what was ac- complished by our citizens in a great emergency, and a grateful people could but desire some fitting memorial of services such as we here record. Our contribution to the fair fame of the town we have sought to make in this form. The work, more arduous than at first may be suspected, has been undertaken amidst the unintermitted pressure of professional duties, and for this reason, if for no other, should meet with considerate and kindly judgment. The volume, representing the labor of such hours as in our limited leisure we could devote to it, is now submitted to the public, and while it cannot \)Q sup- posed to be wholly free from errors and faults, it is hoped that it may prove a worthy addition to our local history. May those into whose hands this Memorial comes, find as much pleasure in reading, as the author did in writing it, and may all hearts be stirred with fresh admiration for the valor and patriotic devotion which made our war-years so signally illustrious. This story of the part Norwich took in the struggle for constitutional government, and the pres- ervation of institutions our fathers gave us, should make every resident and native thereof proud of its past, and devoted in the future to the furtherance of its true honor and prosperity. M. McG. D. Norwich, Co.\n., yinieisl, 1S73. CONTENTS. 1. Index to Names of Norwich Citizens .... i. II. Index to Battles and Engagements xvi. I. 1861. Opening of the War. — Threats of Disunion. — Action of Congress. — Inauguration of Mr. Lincohi. — Impressions produced by the Inaugural Address. — Hopefulness of the North. — Effect of the News of the Bom- bardment and Surrender of Sumter. — "Battle Sunday." — Proclamation by President Lincoln and Governor Buckingham. — Loyal Manifestation of Feeling in Norwich. — Display of the National Colors . . . i II. 1861. Call for Three Months' Troops. — First Great War Meeting. — Sub- scriptions of Citizens to the " Sinews of War Fund." — First Company organized. Departure of First, Second, and Third Companies. — Muster Roll of Soldiers in the Three Months' Service 18 IIL 1S61. Call for Three Years' Men.— Our Men in the Fourth Regiment.— Fifth, Sixth, and Seventh. — Officers, and Record of the Eighth Regi- ment. — Representatives in the Ninth, Eleventh, Twelfth. — Appoint- ments for the Thirteenth Regiment. — Its Record • . • • 39 IV. 1862. Third Call for Troops by the President. — The Governor's Proclama- tion. — War Meeting in Breed Hall. — Recruiting Committee raised. — County Mass Meeting. — Our Men in the Fourteenth Regiment. — Orders for the Eighteenth Regiment to rendezvous at Norwich. — Officers and Men from the Town. — Its Departure. — Subsequent History. — Represen- tatives in the Twenty-First Regiment. — Its Military Record . . 57 V. 1862, contintied. Call for Nine Months' Men. — Change of Fourth Regi- ment Infantry to First Regiment Artillery. — Officers from Norwich. — Our Men in the First Connecticut Cavalry. — Great War Meeting. — Offers in Aid of Enlistments. — The Twenty-sixth Regiment ordered to rendezvous at Norwich. — Its Officers and Subsequent Record. — The Emancipation Proclamation. — Tribute to it by the Mayor 75 CONTENTS. VI. 1863. The Campaign in the West. — Conscription Act of Congress. — Draft ordered. — The Riot in New Yori<. — Loyal League in Norwich. — Another Call for Troops. — All Day War Meeting. — Town Quota raised. — Com- ments of the Rebel Press on the Situation 93 vn. 1864. Thirtieth Regiment called for.— Town Meeting. — Quota of Town raised. — No Draft necessary. — General Grant commissioned Lieutenant- general. — New Call for Troops. — Town Quota filled. — Retirement of Provost-marshal Bromley. — Constitutional Amendment providing for Soldiers' voting passed by General Assembly and ratified by the Peo- ple 107 VIIL 1S61-65. Whole Number of Men furnished by Connecticut. — Tabular State- ment of the several Calls for Troops by the National Executive, and Quotas of Town and State. — Statistics as to the Casualties among our Troops during the War. — Number of Officers from Norwich. — Industries created by the War. — Reception of Veteran Regiments. — Results of the Year. — The Record of the State according to the Adjutant-general's Report 122 IX. 1S61-65. Navy. — Effective Service rendered during the War. — Number and Names of the different Squadrons. — Norwich as represented in the Navy. — Officers and Men in this Arm of the Service . . 130 X. 1861-65. Relief of Soldiers and their Families. — Citizens' Service. — Sub- scribers to " Sinews of War Fund." — General Contributions to Patriotic Agencies. — Special Service of various Norwich Citizens. — General Rec- ord of the Town 152 XI. 1S61-65. "Soldiers' Aid Society." — Efforts of the Ladies of Norwich in Behalf of the Soldiers. — Number of Packages sent to Hospitals and Camps. — Amount of Money raised and expended. — Responses by Letter to the "Aid." — Auxiliary Societies in other Towns. — Personal Activity and Patriotic Service of the W^omen of Eastern Connecticut during the War 177 CONTENTS. XI XII. Losses of Norwich during the War. — Character of those who died in Service. — "The unreturning Brave." — Obituary Notices. — Officers. — Enlisted Men 202 XIII. In Rebel Prisons. — Experiences of our Men in Libby. — Number confined in Andersonville. — Their Sufferings and Death. — Representatives in other Prisons. — Narratives of Escape. — Changes at Andersonville. — Present Appearance of the Cemetery 297 XIV. Emancipation Measures in the Confederate Congress. — The "Black Corner- stone." — Signs of Despair. — Mr. Lincoln on the Peace Projects. — Orders to General Grant. — Final Advance of the Union Armies. — End of the Rebellion. — Capture of Richmond. — Effect of the News. — Public Cele- brations. — Surrender of Lee. — Death of President Lincoln. — Norwich Pulpit on the Event. — Proclamation of the Mayor. — Funeral Solemnities in the City and Country 311 XV. Miscellaneous. — Town Action. — Appropriations for Bounties. — Town Committee for securing Enlistments. — Tabular Statement of National, State, and Town Indebtedness. — Charities of the War. — Tables showing the Military Population of United States and its increase ; Number of jNIen called for by the Government ; Number of Enlistments and Discharges ; Strength of the Army at different Dates ; Deaths .... 314 XVI. " Our Roll of Honor." — Complete Roster of Commissioned Officers, Army and Navy. — Alphabetical Roll of Norwich Soldiers, with Rank and Date of Enlistment 325 XVII. Soldiers' Monument. — Citizens' Meeting with Reference to Raising Funds.J — Committee Appointed. — Memorial Volume. — Resolutions Concerning it. — Action of Town in Reference to the Monument. — New Committee Raised. — Appropriation for Same. — Design of the Monument. — \\'here placed. — General Appearance. — Editor's Last Words 331 LIST OF ENGRAVINGS. BiRGE, Brevet Major-general H. W. Buckingham, The Hon. W. A. / '■' ": CoiT, Brevet Brigadier-general James B A -i/J) CoiT, Brevet Lieutenant-colonel Charles M. ^ 2- Dennis, Brevet Brigadier-general J. B. J. ^^ Ely, Brevet Brigadier-general W. G. '' "" '-' Farnsworth, Lieutenant-colonel Charles. / -^ ^ GoDDARD, Lieutenant Alfred. 112^ Harland, Brigadier-general Edward. ? ^ ^ Lanman, Admiral Joseph. /, -^ Learned, Brevet Major Bela P. ' ' McCall, Captain John. Peale, Lieutenant-colonel Henry. Rockwell, Brevet Brigadier-general Alfred S. ^ ' Rockwell, Captain Joseph P. -^ ^^ > Selden, Lieutenant-colonel Joseph. Soldiers' Monument. Wait, Lieutenant Marvin. THE NORWICH MEMORIAL. THE OPENING OF THE WAR. " Thank God ! the free North is awake at last ! When burning cannon-shot and bursting shell, As from the red mouth of some volcan's hell, Rained on devoted Sumter thick and fast, The sleep of ages from her eyelids past. One bound — and lo ! she stands erect and tall, While Freedom's hosts come trooping to her call, Like eager warriors to the trumpet's blast ! Woe to the traitors and their robber horde ! Woe to the spoilers that pollute the land ! When a roused Nation, terrible and grand. Grasps in a holy cause the avenging sword, And swears from Treason's bloody clutch to save The priceless heritage our Fathers gave." W. H. Burleigh. ON the twelfth of April, i86r, the army of the Confeder- ate States opened the terrible drama of Rebellion by the bombardment of Fort Sumter in the harbor of Charles- ton, South Carolina. The air had been thick with threats ever since the election of Mr. Lincoln to the chief magis- tracy of the government in November, i860. Months be- fore his inauguration several of the Southern States had, as they termed it, seceded from the Union. Congress, on H THE NORWICH MEMORIAL. meeting, promptly raised a large " Committee on the State of the Union," and the whole country was eager for some pacificatory measures. The long, exciting winter passed in hopeless attempts to avert the threatened calamity of dis- union. On the fourth of March, 1861, Mr. Lincoln was inaugur- ated President of the United States, and in his inaugural address calmly, but firmly, indicated what the policy of the Government would be in the new emergency which it was called to meet. In closing his appeal to those striving to destroy the Federal Union, he used these words : " In your hands, my dissatisfied fellow-countrymen, and not in mine, is the momentous issue of civil war. The Government will not assail you. You can have no conflict without being yourselves the aggressors. You have no oath regis- tered in Heaven to destroy the Government, while I shall have the most solemn one to ' preserve, protect, and defend ' it. We are not enemies, but friends. We must not be enemies. Though passion may have strained, it must not break our bonds of affection." The tone of the address and the positions taken in it, commended themselves to the patriotism of the country, and many felt that even yet civil war might be averted. The North, hopeful to the last, saw the Southern States go through the form of secession, looked on as they instituted a common government, and marshalled an army to carry out their insurrectionary designs, — and still believed war, civil war, could not come. It was hard to make the loyal-hearted believe that our great experiment in a national polity, " which binds a family of free Republics in one united government — the most hopeful plan for combining the home-bred blessings of a small State with the stability and power of a great empire, was to be treacherously and shamefully stricken down in the moment of its most successful operation." THE OPENING OF THE WAR. 15 But the telegraphic announcements of the twelfth of April dispelled all illusions, and opened all eyes to the sad conflict which the treason of a portion of the States had precipitated upon a once peaceful country. " The traitors are firing on Sumter," read the first dispatch. " Anderson answers gun for gun." The surprise was intense ; men stood stupefied with dismay, — then with quick response gave voice at once to their indignation and their loyalty. The weary six months of parleying at length passed, and the tocsin of war now sounded forth. From the bitterness of humiliation and helpless inactivity, the loyal North awoke to meet, at every hazard, the issue thus relentlessly forced upon it. In no town in New England was deeper excitement pro- duced by the war news, than in Norwich. Its sympathies, as its popular vote declared, were decidedly with the Admin- istration, so early burdened with the unprecedented duties incident to civil strife. The events of the winter had only intensified the loyalty of its citizens, and prepared them to meet with harmony and promptest energy, the call that it was seen would soon have to be made, for troops and finan- cial help. Intense excitement continued through Saturday, the thirteenth, as successive telegrams reported the stars and stripes still waving over the beleaguered fort. The name of the gallant commandant was on every lip, and the hope expressed that the garrison would hold out until reinforce- ments, known to be on their way, could reach them. The streets of the city were crowded by anxious citizens await- ing further news, or discussing that already received, while from the adjoining towns and villages, men came rid- ing in to learn the latest tidings from the seat of war. Little else was known for some time, than that Anderson was making a brave resistance. On Sunday, April fourteenth, came the telegram announ- cing that Sumter had surrendered. The reception of this i6 THE NORWICH MEMORIAL. news created the profoundest feeling, and stirred every pat- riot's heart to its inmost recesses. It was the memorable " battle Sunday," when on the streets and in the porches of the churches men spoke to one another with bated breath of this first act of rebellion. In most of the pulpits of the city appropriate reference was made to the event that clearly foreshadowed a bitter and bloody struggle. On Monday, April fifteenth, appeared the President's proc- lamation, calling for seventy-five thousand troops to defend the suddenly endangered government. The proclamation of Connecticut's " war governor," Hon. Wm. A. Buckingham, soon followed, urging upon patriotic citizens throughout the State, to volunteer their services and meet the appeal of the National Executive for troops. So war was really begun, and with characteristic promptitude all efforts were now com- bined to meet the stern duties opening before every loyal heart. The national colors were everywhere displayed throughout the town, testifying to the predominant sentiment of loyalty. They swung in the breeze over Main Street, and waved from the tower of the First Church ; the Free Acad- emy, engine halls, factories, school-houses, and numerous private dwellings hung out the symbol of the country's unity. The adjacent villages caught the city's enthusiasm, and threw out where they could the national banner. Citizens laid aside all previous political differences, and under the impulse of a common patriotism, stood together for the support and defense of the Government. " Men have ceased to be Republicans or Democrats," spoke out " The Daily Bulle- tin " ; " they are simply Patriots or Tories ; only this line divides us." One purpose seemed to animate all hearts, — a determination to maintain at every sacrifice the national Union. " Heart throbbed to heart, lip spoke to lip with a oneness of feeling that seemed like a divine inspiration." In the spirit of " Our Country's Call," by the poet Bryant, the THE OPENING OF THE WAR. 1 7 loyal masses of the North rose up to face the grave duties of the crisis : — " Lay down the axe, fling by the spade ; Leave in its track the toiling plough ; The rifle and the bayonet blade For arms like yours, were fitter now ; And let the hands that ply the pen, Quit the light task, and learn to wield The horseman's crooked brand, and rein The charger on the battle-field." Reluctantly accepted, the struggle forced upon the nation was entered upon, and the contest for the great inheritance of Constitutional Freedom began. The long weary years of varying fortune and costliest sacrifice were not foreseen, though at the very commencement of the conflict lives and property were freely and solemnly laid upon the altar of country. With earnest heart and faith, the war for the Union was waged, none doubting who had a part in the strife, that it would be triumphantly waged, and that as the grand result, would come the reestablishment for all time of the mild sway of the Constitution and the Laws. The country, springing thus from a positively supine and dis- mantled condition into an attitude of vigor, owed it all to the manly sincerity which the grave perils of the hour brought out of the bosom of the people. Earnestness of conviction, trust in God, newness of life, — these came as the forerunners of ultimate success. II. i86i THREE MONTHS' MEN. " In Freedom's name our blades we draw, She arms us for the fight, For country, government and law, For liberty and right. The Union must, — shall be preserved. Our flag still o'er us fly ! That cause our hearts and hands has nerved, And we will do or die." George P. Morris. THE first call upon Connecticut for troops was by a telegram from Hon. Simon Cameron, the Secretary of the War Department, dated at Washington, D. C, April eighteenth, 1861, requesting one regiment of militia for immediate service. In Norwich the work of enlisting men was earnestly entered upon, and most heartily responded to on the part of the citizens. The first " War Meeting " was called for Thursday morn- ing, April eighteenth, in Apollo Hall, for the purpose of adopting measures to fill up at once all military companies about forming, and fit them out for immediate service. In this gathering the ability and patriotism of Norwich were fully represented, and the key-note of popular action during the years of the war was here struck. Hon. H. H. Stark- THREE MONTHS' MEN. IQ weather was appointed chairman, and several brief and ear- nest speeches were made in furtherance of the object of the meeting. It was a new role in which old and well-known citizens were now to appear. The interests and incidents of the exciting hour seemed to nerve all for high and gen- erous action. There were eloquent words spoken on the occasion, but more eloquent were the deeds done, and those present remember now with feelings of patriotic pride the revelations of that earliest assemblage which ruthless rebellion had made necessary. Hon. John Breed, who was on the platform, surrounded by those of younger years and lustier strength, came forward, and said with his characteristic emphasis and gravity, " I had not intended to speak a word here to-day, but the time has come when our colors have been assailed, and these boys (alluding to those who had volunteered) have got to see to it. I'm an old man, but I've never seen the time when I so wanted to be back again with the boys as during the last two or three days." Governor Buckingham having been called on to say a few words, spoke briefly but with the deepest feeling, affecting many to tears who listened to his weighty words of counsel and of cheer. He read some dispatches just received from men offering to volunteer. " Connecticut moves slowly," said he, " but the good old State is true and sure when once started." He spoke of the honest pride he felt in seeing the spirit manifested in this crisis by the sons of Connecticut. On motion of David Young, Esq., a subscription paper was ordered to be immediately started in the hall, and a committee of seven was, in connection with this paper, ap- pointed to take charge of the same, and raise such funds as might hereafter be required. Messrs. Amos W. Prentice, F. M. Hale, J. F. Slater, James A. Hovey, David Smith, Henry Bill, and John W. Stedman at once prepared and 20 THE NORWICH MEMORIAL. presented the " Subscription Paper," headed with the fol- lowing significant words : — " THE SINEWS OF WAR." " We the undersigned, citizens of Norwich and vicinity, hereby agree to pay the sums affixed to our respective names, for the purpose of purchasing uniforms, or contributing in any other manner to the successful formation and enlistment of companies in this vicinity." Amidst the most intense enthusiasm, coupled with feel- ings of terrible earnestness, which could be read in the very countenances of those present, were the names of the rap- idly offering subscribers called out. The first name that went down on the paper was Hon. W. A. Buckingham for one thousand dollars, on the announcement of which the audience rose to their feet, and gave such a response as made the building fairly shake. The next to be signed was the name of Wm. P. Greene, Esq., for a like amount, which was also greeted with shouts of enthusiastic rejoicing. The exciting work went on, as one citizen after another came up to the stand, and wrote their names for varying sums, each signature being cheered with heartiest applause. The men wrote their subscriptions " as though they were in earnest about it, and were doing such work as would make their children proud to remember them." Meanwhile the speaking was kept up. Senator Foster, pointing out with clear and eloquent words some of the du- ties of the hour, was received with marked enthusiasm, while Judge Hovey, called out by the audience, responded with loyal expressions, urging united and liberal action in the matter before them. Interspersing the signing of the subscription paper, and the speeches of the occasion, came telegrams and notes proffering contributions from those not present. The meeting at length adjourned with three cheers THREE MONTHS' MEN. 21 for the Stars and Stripes, reporting for this eventful day's work an aggregate of twenty thousand dollars. " Thank God and the true hearts of our citizens for so brimming a success," were the closing words of the " Norwich Bulletin's" report of this grand war rally. The first great mass-meeting of all the citizens, was held two days after the rally just described in Apollo Hall. This was to give expression to the " sense of the city in this awful hour of our country's peril, and to adopt measures to strengthen the hands of the government in upholding the laws, and maintaining the Constitution of the country, and the union of the States." The gathering was called for April twentieth, the Saturday evening preceding " Battle Sunday." Breed Hall was packed to its fullest capacity, the galleries being filled with ladies, who continued their sewing on the outfit of Captain Chester's company, while the offi- ces on the floor below the hall were occupied by yet others, engaged in the same urgent work.* His Honor Mayor Carew presided, sustained by the following representative citizens as Vice-presidents : David Smith, James A. Hovey, Ebenezer Learned, F. M. Hale, John Dunham, John T. Wait, Henry B. Norton, Augustus Brewster, Erastus Williams, Lewis Hyde, Charles Osgood. Secretaries : George Pratt, Hiram B. Crosby, Alfred P. Rockwell, John W. Murphy, Mayor Carew on taking the chair, said " that this was in no sense a party meeting, but a meeting where every man could act who loved his country, and was willing to aid in its support." After music by the band, there followed a number of speeches, each one of which was listened to with the closest attention, for this was the meeting in which our citizens foreshadowed the courses they would adopt in ref- erence to supporting an administration to which many of them had not lent the support of their votes ; and also what measures they would unite upon in prosecuting the war 22 THE NORWICH MEMORIAL. already begun. Never before had Norwich greater occasion to be proud of the patriotism of its citizens ; while to see them rise above all partisan predilections, and stand to- gether for the public weal, was in itself a sublime sight. Mr. John T. Adams spoke briefly, " expressing the min- gled emotions of sadness and exultation with which he was filled, — sadness that traitors were swarming in the land, and joy that Connecticut was so nobly doing her duty. Our blessings and our prayers will follow those who are going from our firesides." John T. Wait next addressed the meeting. He said, " Though he did not vote for Mr, Lincoln, his duty as an American citizen was now to give him his cordial and un- equivocal support in the great struggle he is making to preserve the government. The President had proved him- self an able statesman, a true patriot, and an honest man. He deplored the evils of civil war, but saw no excuse for the seceded States. He bade God-speed to the noble vol- unteers from Norwich, and did not doubt they would de- fend their flag to the death." Mr. Wait's decided and patriotic position was most cordially cheered, and the audi- ence applauded him with the most unbounded enthusiasm. James A. Hovey, who spoke next, said, " He had always been a Democrat, but he loved his country more than party ties. JQff Davis has declared that he made war upon none but Black Republicans, but he would find that they were not the only men he had to meet. The North is now united in the support of the constitutional authorities of the gov- ernment, and would sustain them at all hazards, and at any cost of blood or treasure." Hon. L. F. S. Foster followed, saying, " that he considered party platforms of little impor- tance when our country was in peril. All must now unite in defense of the government and flag." S. H. Grosvenor was called out, and responded, " That he THREE MONTHS' MEN. 23 had feared Connecticut was not going to do her duty fully, but to-night he felt that the fires of the Revolution were re- kindled. He assured Captain Chester, who with his brother officers had just taken his seat on the platform, that the ardent sympathies of the people went with him, and their warmest welcome would be his if he returned." George Pratt being loudly called for, came forward, say- ing, " He felt sad at beholding the women at work, and the large audience of earnest men, for it made him realize the painful necessity that called them together. The seceding States had rushed madly into war, but they had mistaken the men of the North, and would find them a wall of fire." Hiram B. Crosby then presented the following resolutions, advocating earnestly a united support of the Government : — Resolved, — That in view of the great and overwhelming dan- gers that now threaten the very existence of our nation, it is the duty of all good and loyal citizens, to lay aside, without any ex- ception or reservation whatever, all party ties, party issues, and personal prejudices^ and rallying beneath the flag of our country, to pledge our lives, our fortunes, and our sacred honor to the support of the Constitutional Government of these United States. Resolved, — That we tender to the Governor of this State, and through him, to the President of the United States, our cordial sympathy and cooperation, and as an earnest of our sincerity, we give up to their service the flower of our youth, and the best blood of the good old town, which has never faltered in the perils of our country. These resolutions spoke the sentiment of Norwich citi- zens, and subsequent history shows that they lived up to the very letter of them during the years of the rebellion. They were passed amidst profound feeling, and elicited the greatest applause. Every loyal man gave his heartfelt in- dorsement to them, and registered secretly his vow to stand by them, let come what would. 24 THE NORWICH MEMORIAL. The speaking still went on, — Mr. Learned giving expres- sion to the fears he entertained that Washington might be taken, but if so, then, he added, " it must be retaken if it costs oceans of blood, and millions of money," — to which sentiment the House gave its amen, in its outbursting cheers. Edmund Perkins was next called for, and spoke with great earnestness for a few moments. " He feared, too, the Capitol would be taken. If so, he pledged himself to start for Washington at once. He would assign his property to his family and his creditors, and was ready to offer his life, which belongs to his country." Again the hall shook with applause, for every heart now was wrought up with the most intense feeling. Jeremiah Halsey said, " Massachusetts would avenge the blood of the nineteenth of April, and the loyal States would join with her. We are fighting to preserve our liberty against despotism." Short and enthusiastic speeches still followed, by Alfred P. Rockwell, Edward T. Clapp, C. G. Child, H. H. Stark- weather, and John W. Murphy. Three cheers were proposed by L. H. Goddard, and given with a will, for S. T. C. Merwin, and E. Kempton Abbott, the Norwich boys in the " Hartford Rifles." Dr. Bond concluded the speaking of this memorable evening by a few remarks, showing the necessity of placing our trust in the God of Battles, and offered up a fervent prayer. Thus ended this significant Union mass-meeting. Every- body felt the stronger for this popular expression of feeling. The patriotism of all the citizens of every party found utter- ance, and it was discovered that all were agreed upon one course, and that the emergency could be met but in one honorable way. The Democratic paper, " The Aurora,'' THREE MONTHS' MEN. 2$ under the editorship of Mr. Stedman, lent its sanction to the position and policy that in this assemblage were advo- cated with consenting mind, and pronounced the meeting " the largest and most spirited ever held in our town, and an overwhelming evidence of the unity of feeling and patri- otic determination of our people. The war," it added in its editorial comments, " is one of the necessary results ol the attempt to break up the Union, and so long as it lasts, we believe it to be our duty, as it is the duty of every man who acknowledges allegiance to the Union under which we live, to sustain the constitutional authorities of the Govern- ment, in the exercise of all the powers that may be neces- sary to bring it to a speedy termination." The sterner work of enlisting meanwhile went on. The earliest to enter the ranks of the country's defenders from this city were Samuel T. C. Merwin, Edward K. Abbott, and George R. Case, who, eager to be off in the first Con- necticut regiment, enlisted in the " Hartford Rifles," Capt. Joseph R. Hawley's company. John B. Dennis about the same time enlisted in the " Worcester Light Infantry," which was attached to the famous Sixth Regiment of Mas- sachusetts, his name being the first signature on the com- pany's roll. To the command of the first regiment from this State, one of our most distinguished citizens was appointed, Colonel Daniel Tyler. He was the only profes- sional soldier that went forth in the first three regiments, and to him was largely due the discipline and soldierly bearing that from the beginning of the war characterized the Connecticut troops. Frank S. Chester, book-keeper in the Thames Bank, son of Rev. A. T. Chester of Buffalo, was among the earliest to enlist here, receiving not only the cordial approval of the directors of the bank, but their generous pledge to continue his salary while in service. To him and James B. Coit belongs the credit of raising the 26 THE NORWICH MEMORIAL. first military company in Norwich under the President's call for three months' volunteers. Colonel H. H. Osgood of the Governor's stafif, hearing that young Chester had determined to enlist, presented him to Captain Harvey's military company, which had proceeded to their armory in Uncas Hall, to take a vote on the proposition to enlist in a body. The vote being in the negative. Colonel Osgood then stated that Mr. Chester was acquainted with the manual of arms, and would make a fit leader for those of the boys who were willing to volunteer. The enrolment book pro- vided by Mr. Coit was at once opened, when entering promptly his own name, the names of all others who were ready to enlist were rapidly signed. Thus was the nucleus of the first company obtained, and by subsequent enlist- ments the requisite number of men was secured, when under the name of the " Buckingham Rifles," the organiza- tion was completed in the choice of the following offi- cers : — Captain. Frank S. Chester. Lieutenants. Thomas Scott. William A. Berry. Sergeants. Francis McKeag, James L. Cobb, Anthony Staubly, Aus- tin G. Monroe. Corporals. John B. Jennings, Chester W. Converse, Gorham Dennis, Thomas C. Lawler. Every effort was now made to fit out with the utmost dispatch these first volunteers, — the whole of Sunday, the twenty.first instant, being spent in Breed Hall by some THREE MONTHS' MEN. 2^ three hundred and fifty ladies, in making up the needed uniforms. The last Sabbath had been passed in nervous waiting for the news from the scene of the first conflict of the war ; this one was spent in working upon the outfits of those who had risen up in their young strength and earnest patriotism to defend the menaced government. While the busy fingers of patriotic women prepared the uniforms for the first soldiers Norwich was to send forth to the battle front, earnest congregations gathered in their accustomed churches to supplicate the favor of Heaven upon these who had oftered themselves thus promptly and nobly at the call of the imperilled country. " The beating of drums, the marching and drilling of military companies, the display of flags, and fluttering of bunting, the presence of unusual crowds in the streets, the hum of labor where the uniforms were being made, the earnestness and enthusiasm that seemed to animate the multitude, and the eagerness of the people to learn the latest intelligence by telegraph, — all combined to make such a Sabbath as will long be remem- bered." On Monday, the twenty-second instant, came the parting scene with the first company. Marching forth from Uncas Hall amid the enthusiastic cheers and tearful benedictions of an immense crowd, the company, preceded by its youth- ful captain arm-in-arm with the Governor, made its way to the depot, and thence was borne away in the train for the place of rendezvous. The affecting scenes that transpired at the depot, the intense feeling manifested at parting with the brave boys, made all realize the altered times in which they were living, and the new duties and sacrifices that now were to be met. The work of enlisting did not slacken with the departure of this company. Books for enrolment were opened in different places in the city. A new volunteer company was at once started by Edward 28 THE NORWICH MEMORIAL. Harland, under the name of the " Norwich City Rifles," and was officered as follows : — Captain, Edward Harland. Lieutenants. Charles Spalding. William W. Barnes. Sergeants. James R. Moore, John E. Ward, Jasper A. H. Shaw, Joab B. Rogers. Corporals. Paris R. Nickerson, Charles W. Carpenter, John T. Fanning. At the same time another company was organized under the title of " Rifle Company A," and chose as officers : — Captain. Henry Peale. Lieutenants. George W. Rogers. James J. McCord. Sergeants. John Lilley, E. S. Francis, D. G. Chapman, Charles Young. Corporals. George W. Swain, James D. Higgins, Arthur F. Ryder, H. W. Lester. This company was the next to leave the city, departing Wednesday, April twenty-fourth, to be mustered into serv- THREE MONTHS' MEN. 29 ice in the Second Regiment at New Haven. The same en thusiasm, the same deep, tender feeling, marked its depart- ure as had that of the first company. Norwich had now sent forth in little over a week's time about two hundred men, and still there was no flagging in the loyalty which had thus promptly made such a creditable exhibit. These two companies were attached to the Second Regiment, to the lieutenant-colonelcy of which another Norwich cit- izen was appointed, — David Young, Esq., — he being the first of our citizens to make a personal tender of his serv- ices to the Governor, writing to that effect when the news of Sumter's surrender reached the city. On Lieutenant- colonel Young fell largely the care and conduct of the regi- ment, Colonel Terry being absent from the command a portion of the time in consequence of sickness. Captain Harland's company left the city for Hartford April twenty- ninth, where it was received into the Third Regiment. Throngs of citizens, young and old, accompanied the boys to the depot, and gave them on departing their heartfelt benedictions. The three regiments which had been called for to meet the emergencies of the hour, in each of which Norwich was represented, left the State respectively on the tenth, the fourteenth, and the twenty-second of May. At first detained in Washington, and united in one com- mand vmder General Tyler, they were soon ordered to cross into Virginia, and occupied the advanced post of the Union lines, with General Longstreet in their immediate front. Subsequently they were brigaded with the Second Regi- ment of Maine, under Colonel E. D. Keyes of the Elev- enth Regulars. To this brigade fell the honor of opening the memorable battle of Bull Run, and to the close of that disastrous day on which it was fought, they maintained their ranks, covering the retreat with solid columns. Each of the three regiments was specially commended by Colonel E. 3 30 THE NORWICH MEMORIAL. D. Keyes for the gallantry and good order evinced, while Lieutenant-colonel Young of the Second Regiment was, in the official report of his superior in command, mentioned for his " coolness, activity, and discretion." The Connecti- cut regiments returned to Fort Corcoran, their old camping ground prior to their advance into Virginia. Remaining here a short time, they were ordered home, to be mustered out of service. The Norwich companies from the Second Regiment arrived in the city on the tenth of August, and were received with public honors and a collation in Breed Hall. Captain Harland's company from the Third Regi- ment returned to Norwich on the fourteenth, and was ac- corded an equally hearty and generous ovation. The casualties reported among those who enlisted from Norwich in the three companies, were, — Joseph Stokes, private, Captain Chester's company, died July 25, 1S61. Austin G. Monroe, sergeant^ Captain Chester's company^ pris- oner. JOHN B. Jennings, corporal, Captain Chester's company, pris- oner. Charles A. Murray, private. Captain Peale's company, pris- oner. James F. Wilkinson, private, Captain Chester's company, pris- oner. David C Case, private, Captain Harland's company, killed July 21, 1861. David Rosenblatt, private, Captain Chester's company, never heard from. We subjoin the full list of those who served in the three months' service, affording thus an opportunity of judging how generally these men recnlisted, and how largely they became the officers, through commission and promotion, of the subsequent regiments Connecticut sent into the field. ROLL OF HONOR. 31 V2 i-i 00 O o o o u o > U (/) CO I I- z o liJ UJ QC I I- li. o u. O t£. Ul I- (/) o ^ s Ss^ ^ ^ z .<-5 z s .^ « Q (^ z -^ < 55: (/) <^ QC s « UJ '^ br, iz; n H CO W I— I w I w Pi ^ « 1) . -5 n ^ "^ £ O Cj^ ^ 'o § ^ s: C C d^-3 _W) Cl ^ ec vO J re hj J P< ri -0 ^O c 00 ^ ' • 00 krJ )S rt fi i^ - -f u § 5" & o § : . o : : Q ; : < rt o o o w ts ^ ,• " QJ CAl P3 s < < 1j o J 32 00 ,0 5j ■a ^ c J - :< o c^ u u :j Ml VO re OO ^ « ^ W S ^ < :§ u ^ < lij u W d H . w W O 173 THE NORWICH MEMORIAL. , ■^ 00 Cl, VO n V 00 m rt ^ •* . ^ 5 VO li-i 00 VO ci u « 00 o g . 4-. ^ CJ u ! oJ • to >^ . 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(LI 1^ < 1) 0) ^ N a, _; " , 00 bio " 3 ' " ' ' N "" ' ' ' t/1 < >, 5 "3 •— . 3 • c^ ^ ^^ ri ^ ,.. ^ %- -* ^ ^ - ^ rt , ^ « ^ V. c J S ' " ■" 3 pa £ ^ - " a ■a TJ ■a QJ - ;; CJ £? 6 c - u .2 " i5 .22 " -0 ^ • W CO rt - - - - - - ■* " "* ' - ^ " s- - » - ' ^ ' ' • rt fi<' (L) : o! 73 . cr, 1) 5 tn 1.. ) ^Y" 5 < u -a aj W .=' E : ^■g" 1/ ^^' jj" aj E rt 15 3. R. Moo 0. E. War 5per A. H u % ? d 5 £ 3 -a" c C 1) u Ihoun, M: rruthers, se, David "3 In 5 rt azier, Geo tes, Hor. .vitt, Edwi rt C n! ^p: J^ ^ ^ u ;-< u> :^ u ui 3 3 ri )-i t, a TO 1 ,._ ^ U *=~ < < < « w w m M P5 u a CJ fe (Jh hi^ fe 1 38 THE NORWICH MEMORIAL. £?,^ < ^ O oo M3 >o CO CO <^ O vn f< CO ■* vO -a ■^ ri >-, l^ o rt > o d S^ ^ o ^ ex 5; rt . - w 1^ .-. ^ C - g . ^ o c if O Si • u C/2 Cfi eu, U ^ M-' \ij Vi-- ^ 00 00 00 ^ S O! l-s ro vO • 00 1-1 rt « Cl CO -, w ^ _> _> ^. > > iJ 'C 'C i:uO 'C 'C CO Ph Ph C/3 PL, Ph ^ - CO ^ rt- "-1 20 r^ . CO >-■ M — ^ H. e ^ ■►^ -^ I— , C/3 I— , I— , O fci J= O s d , u^ Ul J O Pi ^ > o % ^ rt o J3 rt S S S ^ c§ c§ '^ t: S o «5 ^ « : tA I — 1 ^" O ^! t^ 2 '5 So .S H > ^ III. m86i. THREE YEARS' MEN. ' Northmen, come out ! Forth unto battle with storm and shout! Ereeclom calls you once again, To flag, and fort, and tented plain ; Then come with drum, and trump, and song, And raise the war-cry wild and strong. Northmen, come out ! " Northmen, come out! Forth unto battle with storm and shout ! He who lives with victory 's blest, He who dies gains peaceful rest. Living or dying, let us oe Still vowed to God and liberty ! Northmen, come out!" — C. G. Leland. ON the third of May, 1861, President Lincoln issued his second call for troops, to serve for a period of three years unless sooner discharged. Recruiting had been vigorously kept up from the first outbreak of hostili- ties, and the enlistments were still freely tendered. The presence of the Governor, who seemed with wise foresight to anticipate the needs of the General Government, contrib- uted to keep up the public interest in securing volunteers. With tireless devotion he sought to second every appeal of the National Executive, and through him Connecticut, and Norwich too, were kept fully abreast of the calls from time 40 THE NORWICH MEMORIAL. to time made upon them for men. The reverse at Bull Run seemed to rouse anew the patriotic spirit of our citi- zens, while the zeal of private individuals and the liberal action of the town gave a fresh impetus to recruiting. The Fourth and Fifth Regynents had already been accepted by the War Department for three years, as the condition of receiving from the State the second and third three months' regiments, which were really in excess of Con- necticut's quota under the first call for troops. In the Fourth, Norwich was represented by Major Henry W. Birge, Assistant Surgeon Edwin Bentley, with some eighteen or twenty men scattered through the different companies. It was mustered into service at Hartford in June, 1861, and sent to Chambersburg and associated with General Patter- son's troops. In November it was stationed at Fort Rich- ardson, near Washington. In January, 1862, the regiment was changed from infantry into artillery ; and under the management of Robert O. Tyler, who was appointed Colonel, reorganized as the First Artillery. Major Birge was, meanwhile, transferred to the command of the Thir- teenth Regiment Infantry. For the Fifth Regiment a fine Irish company had been recruited from this city, called the Jackson Guards, under Captain Thomas Maguire. Some disagreement concerning the regiment's arms, and the appointment of subalterns, led to the revoking of Colonel Colt's commission, and the regiment was disbanded. The greater portion of the Nor- wich Company reorganized, and was accepted into the First Regiment Heavy Artillery of New York. Captain Ma- guire subsequently became Major in the New York service. William A. 13erry, a member of the company, was chosen Captain, and after serving full three years, was killed at the siege of Petersburg. He was succeeded by Captain Thomas Scott, also of the Norwich company. — 1 Bull (iti- . ' >eral The ■] by ■Ml of hree Con- iii the Ml or >rt Rich- : ' merit '- the .aled i>r 13irge :,.^ ThW- THREE YEARS' MEN. 4I The Fifth Regiment was then reorganized, and Orris S. Ferry commissioned Colonel. It was mustered into ser- vice July, 1 86 1. In this regiment Norwich had no officers, and not over twenty privates. It was first sent to Virginia, where it served creditably in many sharp conflicts with the enemy. At the battle of Cedar Mountain, among those who fell bravely fighting, was Sergeant Alexander S. Avery, of Norwich, August ninth, 1862. At the hard fought bat- tle of Resaca, Ga., May fifteenth, 1864, out often men who had reenlisted from Norwich, four were reported wounded, — John G. Blake, Thos. W. Baird, Delano N. Carpenter, Stephen Corcoran. On the fifteenth of August the Governor issued orders for receiving volunteers for the Sixth, Seventh, Eighth, and Ninth Regiments, a part of Connecticut's quota under the recent call of the President. Recruiting offices were opened by some of those who had served in the three months' campaign, and every eftbrt by citizens and former soldiers was made to have Norwich well represented in the new regiments. The Sixth Regiment received a company recruited mainly in Windham County, by Captain W. G. Ely of this city, who was appointed Lieutenant-colonel, vice Edward Harland, but was soon transferred to the command of the Eighteenth. The Quartermaster, and twelve enlisted Germans, were from Norwich. Alfred P. Rockwell of Norwich was ap- pointed, in June, 1864, to the colonelcy vacated by the death of Colonel Chatfield. Mr. Rockwell had previously served as Captain of the First Light Battery, C. V., and had been stationed on James Island, and other parts of the Carolina coast, cooperating in the siege of Charleston. To the Seventh Regiment Norwich sent one company under Captain John B. Dennis, who had served three months in the Massachusetts Sixth. This was the first reg- 42 THE NORWICH MEMORIAL. ular company of three years' men that had gone forth from the city, proceeding to New Haven as its appointed place of rendezvous. It had become an old story to see men de- part for the scene of conflict ; the romance of the war had worn off, and it had now become a stern duty, about which men went without useless parade or boasting. The earnest feeling of the public had not changed, but it had sobered, and was less given to those manifestations which had marked the departure of the first troops for the war. Theo- dore Burdick and Gorham Dennis, lieutenants in this com- pany, were also from Norwich. The former, subsequently promoted to the command of a company, was killed at Fort Wagner, July eleventh, 1863. The regiment was under the command of Colonel Alfred H. Terry of New Haven, and was the first which landed on the soil of South Carolina. It served with distinction in the South, and was afterwards engaged upon the James River, and in the trenches before Petersburg. Captain Dennis and twenty of his company were taken prisoners in June, 1864, while guarding the picket line before that city. He was detained some months a prisoner, and, with others from Norwich, was among the Federal soldiers sent to Charleston to be placed within range of the guns of our batteries, in retaliation for the bombardment of the city by General Gilmore. Transferred, in the course of his captivity, to six different prisons, he, after one ineffectual attempt, finally made his escape with thirteen companions on the twenty-fourth of December. In the Eighth Regiment Norwich was largely repre- sented, contributing nearly all the line officers, and most of the privates of Company D, with its Captain, John E. Ward. Tuesday, September fourth, this second regular company for three years' service left the city for the rendez- vous of the regiment at Hartford, where it was mustered in on the twenty-first of the month. THREE YEARS' MEN. 43 Norwich had a deeper interest in this regiment than in any that had thus far been raised, as the following partial roster shows : — Colofiel. Edward Harland, Previously Captain Company A, Third Regiment. Adjutant. Charles M. Coit. First Assistant-surgeon. De Witt C Lathrop. COMPANY D. Captain. John E. Ward, Previously First Lieutenant Company D, Third Regiment. Lieutenafits. James R. Moore^ Charles A. Breed. Sergeants. John McCall, Charles S'hepard, Amos L. Keables, Joseph E. Fletcher. The regiment left the State for Jamaica Plain, Long Isl- and, October seventeenth, where it was the first one to be visited by the committee representing the recently formed organization of " the Sons of Connecticut " in New York, by which it was presented with a handsome regimental flag. This regiment was in General Burnside's expedition to North Carolina, and bore with uncomplaining faithfulness the discomforts and perils of the voyage. On the seventh of January the fleet approached Roanoke Island, held by 44 THE NORWICH MEMORIAL. three thousand rebels under General Wise. The troops effected a landing in the night, and the next morning, shivering with cold and drenched with rain, prepared for battle. The Eighth was posted on an old road leading towards the right flank of the main battery, by which the enemy might turn the left of our advancing forces. The position was one of great importance, and was held with steady coolness, eliciting the approval of Generals Burnside and Foster. On the eleventh of March came orders for an advance on Newbern. In this action the Eighth bore a leading part, moving by the flank, until reaching the open ground in front of the rebel works, where it was admirably formed into line by Colonel Harland, who ordered the men to fix bayonets, and then gave the word to charge. The regiment dashed forward on the double quick, and was the first to enter the enemy's works, and plant within them its own colors. Shortly after, in the siege of Fort Macon, the most arduous service fell upon this regiment, which it most cred- itably sustained. Two of the Norwich officers, after a few months of effective service, died, — Dr. De Witt C. Lath- rop, at Newbern, April, 1862, by illness produced by over exertion in the duties of his position ; and Lieutenant Breed in July, of fever, contracted while engaged in im- portant service on the Signal Corps. Ordered North in July, the regiment joined McClellan, and was in the battle's front at South Mountain and at Antietam, Colonel Har- land having now command of a brigade. In the latter con- flict, September seventeenth, 1862, the regiment conducted with great steadiness, leading in a charge, which resulted in taking a position of great importance, from which, after stubborn fighting and severe loss, they were forced to re- tire. Colonel Harland took command of the division dur- ing the battle. General Rodman having fallen, and by his THREE YEARS' MEN. 45 admirable handling of its disorganized regiments, reformed it, and put it at once in a posture of defense. The Eighth lost some valuable officers, and by its defiant courage and steadiness saved the fortunes of its army corps. The story of its splendid valor is in these words, which summed up its action in that bloody battle, " We faced the foe until half the regiment were shot down, and retired only when we were ordered." Among the slain was Lieutenant Marvin Wait, of Norwich. He was the first commissioned officer from the town that fell in battle. Enlisting when but nineteen, he left college and home to enter as a private his country's service ; he was soon promoted to be Second Lieutenant of Company A, and served as a member of the Signal Corps at the battle of Roanoke Island, on Burnside's flag-ship, and at the reduction of Fort Macon. A writer in one of the Norwich journals, speaking of his conduct at the battle of Antietam, says, " After his sword-arm had been disabled by a shot, he took his weapon in his left hand, and still pressed on, encouraging his men by his heroic fortitude." He was a noble specimen of the young men of culture and lofty patriotism that Norwich sent forth to the war. Brave and manly in his bearing, generous-hearted and beloved, he was one whose name is still fondly cherished, the history of whose self-sacrificing valor reflects a new honor on the town and commonwealth he represented in the Union ranks. Six months after the battle of Antietam, the Connecticut brigade, in which was the Eighth, was ordered to Falmouth, marching one hundred and seventy-five miles in twelve days. Here the regiment encamped, putting "their little dog tents upon the sticky red mud of Virginia, made smoky fires outside of wet wood, half cooked their scanty food, warmed and dried themselves as they could, standing by wretched fires in the rain, then spread their blankets on the soft mud and slept." But such sleep brought only rheu- 4 46 THE NORWICH MEMORIAL. matics and ill-temper, and led the men to vote Virginia mud and weather insufferable. On December eleventh the preparations were complete for the fatal battle of Fredericksburg under General Burn- side. The Eighth volunteered to lay the pontoon bridge, and assisted by others accomplished speedily its task. On the thirteenth Colonel Harland took his position with his brigade below the town, while his own regiment served on the picket line, until the whole force was ordered to recross the Rappahannock. It fortunately sustained but .slight loss, Connecticut troops suffering less proportionately, than any other State that had regiments engaged. In the spring of 1863, the Connecticut brigade embarked for Newport News, and soon after the Eighth in conjunc- tion with it was called to take part in the siege of Suffolk. On the nineteenth of April occurred a brilliant episode, which added to the laurels of this already famous regiment. In company with a detachment of the Eighty-ninth New York, it was ordered to capture Fort Huger. The com- mand devolved on Colonel Ward. The two battallions were ferried in a small boat, with a canvas screen drawn round it to conceal the men, into proximity to the fortifications. As the boat grounded, the men leaped into the water, and making for the shore, paused only to rally about their offi- cers, then charged upon the enemy's works, and without firing a shot captured the battery,, planting their bullet-rent colors on the breast-works and marching off the rebel garri- son, placed them as prisoners on the gun-boat. The guns just taken, were quickly turned upon the rebel forces, that were seen swarming from the adjacent woods in order to recapture the position. The whole affair was one which showed the dash and cool well poised courage of the regi- ment, and ranks among the most brilliant of its achieve- ments. THREE YEARS' MEN. 47 Colonel Harland was promoted Brigadier-general in April, 1863, well deserving the position, and becoming next to General Tyler, the ranking officer from Norwich. On the seventh of May, 1864, the regiment participated in the battle of Walthall Junction, Va., and sustained an aggre- gate loss of seventy-four officers and men. Colonel Ward, on whom the command of the regiment had devolved, was severely bruised with a shell ; Captain James R. Moore, now in command of Company D, disabled by a serious wound ; and Lieutenant Alfred M. Goddard, of Company B, mortally wounded. Young Goddard had returned from the Sand- wich Islands, where he was engaged in business, on pur- pose to enlist in the defense of his country. His ardent patriotism gave him no rest until he could return to his na- tive land, and share in the honors and perils of her defense against intestine foes. He received a commission as First Lieutenant in Company B, July, 1863, and was assigned to duty on General Harland's staff. Subsequently at his own request, he rejoined his company, and served in the ranks with distinction up to the time of his death. Of his courage on the day of the fatal battle, his Captain wrote, " He was so thoughtful and considerate, not rash or impetuous, but cool and collected, ready for any emergency, willing for every duty." In his grand young strength he fell fighting for his country, and by his death added another name to the list of those of whom Norwich had just reason to be proud. The regiment was complimented by Brigadier-general Burn- ham, for heroism in this action, and as it returned from the field was cheered by the whole brigade. From the twelfth to the sixteenth of May the regiment was engaged in battle at Fort Darling, where the Union forces were repulsed ; and the gallant Captain McCall, who had won his promotion from a lieutenancy, for bravery at the capture of Fort Huger, was instantly killed by a shot 48 THE NORWICH MEMORIAL. from the enemy. " This young officer possessed all the prominent characteristics of a good soldier. He was cool, steady, prompt, and skillful." Enlisting as a private, his personal courage and military ciualities gained him his posi- tion among the commissioned officers. The mortal remains of these two young men were brought to Norwich for in- terment. The city and military authorities, as well as the citizens generally, vied with personal friends in honors to the patriot dead. They fell in the full vigor of their young manhood, leaving behind them the record of a noble patriotism and brave service in the field. In the advance upon Petersburg, in June, 1864, the regi- ment was again conspicuous. In the absence of Colonel Ward and Lieutenant-colonel Smith, the command devolved on Captain Charles M. Coit, of this city, a brave and effi- cient officer, subsequently made Lieutenant-colonel by bre- vet. In a charge made on the enemy's works, the regiment won the highest praise for its gallantry from General Smith, who, witnessing its action, said he "felt like giving a com- mission to the whole regiment that had done that gallant deed." In the assault upon Fort Harrison, in September, 1864, the Eighth, and three companies of the Twenty-first, headed the storming column, and charging across an open field, stopped only to reform, when with a shout they rushed into the ditch over the parapet, capturing the fort, and re- placing the Confederate flag with the standard of Connecti- cut. The regiment lost eight killed and sixty-five wounded ; among the latter were Lieutenants Foss and Keables of Norwich. In a further advance made under General But- ler, in October, some severe fighting took place, in which Captain Charles M. Coit, serving on the staff of the brigade commander, was severely wounded. The regiment main- tained its well-earned reputation for daring and fidelity to the end of the war, and was mustered out in Decem- THREE YEARS' MEN. 49 ber, 1865, with a proud record for efficient service in the field. To the Ninth Regiment, composed mostly of Irishmen, Norwich furnished a large part of Company H, called the Sarsfield Guards, recruited in this city. Silas W. Sawyer was chosen Captain, Thomas C. Lawler, First Lieutenant. The regiment was mustered into service at Lowell, Mass., and was thence ordered to New Orleans, performing three years of arduous duty in the regions bordering upon the Mississippi ; afterwards it participated with the army under General Sheridan, in the campaign up the Shenandoah Valley. Norwich had thus contributed to the four regiments called for by the Governor in August of this year. Other companies were still recruiting in the city, but as yet none of them were full. A patriotic meeting of the citizens, pursuant to a call therefor, was held in Apollo Hall on Sep- tember sixteenth, to consider what measures could be adopted to facilitate the speedy filling up of these compa- nies, or their consolidation and prompt forwarding to the appointed rendezvous. Mr. John F. Slater was appointed chairman. Mr. Ebenezer Learned addressed the meeting " upon the importance of immediate action, and moved that the ' Patriotic Fund Committee ' be instructed to appropri- ate the funds already in their hands in such a manner as they shall deem best calculated to promote the interest of the cause ; and when these are exhausted, to call in addi- tional installments, to meet the demands of the occasion." The motion, after brief speeches from Rev. J. P. Gul- liver, Messrs. H. H. Starkweather, Henry Bill, and John Breed, was unanimously carried. Under the impulse sup- plied by this meeting, the work of recruiting was pushed on more vigorously, and the companies, for which a limited number of enlistments had been secured, began to fill up. 50 THE NORWICH MEMORIAL. The Legislature was convened in October, and the terse and earnest message of the Governor set before the mem- bers the necessities of the national situation : — " Instead of inquiring how much we have done," he said, " shall we not inquire what more can we do ? It is a privilege to live in a day like this, to take a bold and energetic part in the conflict which is now raging between law and anarchy ; and dur- ing this revolution, which, in the onward progress of events is to accomplish the wise designs of an overruling Providence, to exert an influence which shall aid in advancing this nation to such a position of strength and moral power, that every citizen may safely, and fully, and speedily enjoy the blessings of free- dom. This is a high honor within our reach, a rich privilege which we may enjoy, and a solemn duty which God calls us now to perform." A law was passed at this session authorizing his Excel- lency, Governor Buckingham, to enlist, organize, and equip, according to his discretion, an unlimited number of volun- teers ; and providing for the expense by ordering an addi- tional issue of bonds of the State to the amount of two millions of dollars ; making a grand total for the year of four millions of dollars which had been raised in this way. The intrusting of the disbursement of this large sum to one man, evinced the marked confidence reposed in the judgment and integrity of the Executive. Orders were now issued by the Governor for the acceptance of all full companies offering for the war. A fine company, called the " Harland Rifles," mainly recruited in Norwich, was mustered into the Eleventh Reg- iment. John H. Norris, G. W. Keables, and James E. Fuller, were appointed Lieutenants ; and Joseph H. Nickerson was subsequently promoted to be Captain in this regiment ; all of whom were from this city. The Eleventh was in Eurnside's Expedition to North THREE YEARS' MEN. 51 Carolina, and a portion of the command with Colonel Kings- bury was on the Voltigeur, when she stranded off Cape Hatteras, twenty-three days of great peril elapsing before the men could be got off. In the renowned battle of Antietam, so destructive to human life, the Regiment suffered the most severely of any from Connecticut. Besides losing its Colonel, it was nearly halved, reporting out of a muster of four hundred and forty, ninety-seven killed, and one hundred and two wounded. In the battle of Cold Harbor, Va., where the Eleventh joined the army of the Potomac, it fought with signal bravery, losing heavily in officers and men. Before Petersburg it served with great faithfulness, and when mustered out in December, 1865, reported as the whole number of men connected with the regiment two thousand four hundred. In the Twelfth Regiment Norwich had a few enlisted men and one commissioned officer, — Lieutenant A. Dwight McCall. The Thirteenth Regiment was largely officered by Nor- wich men. Colonel. Henry W. Birge, Previously Major of the Fourth Regiment. Adjutant. George W. Whittlesey. Quartermaster. Joseph B. Bromley. Second Assistant-surgeon. Nathan A. Fisher. 52 THE NORWICH MEMORIAL. COMPANY F. Captain. James J. McCord, Previously Second Lieutenant Company B, Second Regiment. Second Lieutetiant. John C Abbott. COMPANY K. Captain. Alfred Mitchell. In addition to these, William P. Miner and Robert Rip- ley were commissioned Lieutenants, and upwards of half a hundred privates were also from this town, most of the lat- ter in Captain McCord's Company. The Thirteenth was noted for its fine appearance and neat equipments, and was a favorite with General Butler. It had in Colonel Birge an accomplished officer, whose handling of a regiment was considered in the Gulf Depart- ment to be unsurpassed. Ordered at first to New Orleans, its entrance into that city May fifteenth, 1862, where it was assigned the post of honor, produced a marked sensation, and it was declared to be " the finest looking regiment that ever entered New Orleans." After performing garrison duty in the city for some time, the regiment was ordered to join the Reserve Brigade under General Weitzel, under whom it had a leading position in the battle of Georgia Landing, and by him was complimented for its bear.ing in this its maiden fight. During the winter of 1862-63, it was engaged in the rou- tine life incident to its position. The humorous Quarter- master of the regiment, Joseph B. Bromley, beguiled the tedium of the camp life by his wit, and at the same time C-A^ O^^uisu^^ ■•■''ols and. J ^THREE YEARS' MEN. 53 won an enviable reputation for his success in catering to the wants of the men. Colonel Sprague, in his history of the regiment, giv'es the following, as characteristic of the man : — " The principal difficulty at this time was in getting wood. Our Quartermaster, never long at a loss for expedients, finally pro- ceeded to the depot of the Carrollton Railroad, and commenced loading his teams. The Superintendent is said to have come up, and to have held the following dialogue with Bromley: — " ' What are you going to do with that wood .'' ' " ' Cook rations. Go on with your loading. Corporal.' " ' Who are you ? ' " ' Bromley, Quartermaster of the Thirteenth Connecticut Vol- unteers. Allow me, sir, in turn to inquire whom I have the dis- tinguished honor to address.' " 'I'm Superintendent of this railroad.' " ' All right. Go on with your loading. Corporal.' " 'The wood belongs to the railroad.' " ' So I supposed ! ' " ' But I forbid you to take it.' " ' Put your protest in writing, in red ink. Tie it with a piece of red tape. I'll approve it and forward it. You see we've got to have wood to cook with. Can't eat beans and pork raw. I'd prefer 'em raw, but the men are so unreasonable they want 'em cooked.' " ' But that wood 's necessary for the use of the railroad.' " ' It 's necessary for the use of the Thirteenth Connecticut.' " ' I should like to know how a locomotive is going to run with- out wood.' "'I've often wondered how a regiment could be run without wood.' " ' General Butler orders me to run this railroad.' " ' Colonel Birge orders me to run the Thirteenth Connecticut. " ' Who 's Colonel Birge ? ' " ' Who 's Colonel Birge ? Why, the d — deuse ! don't you 54 THE NORWICH MEMORIAL. know Colonel Birge. If there 's one man above another that everybody knows, it 's Colonel Birge.' " • Will Colonel Birge pay for the wood ? ' " ' Colonel Birge pay for the wood ? Why no ! It 's a reflection on your sagacity to ask such a question.' " ' Who will pay for it ? ' " ' The Quartermaster's Department. If there 's one thing above another that I admire in the Quartermaster's Department, it 's because they'll always pay for wood. Now, my friend of the railroad persuasion, if you'll come and see me, I'll give you re- ceipts, and help you fix up the proper papers to present to the Quartermaster's Department.' " ' How long will it be before I get pay ? ' " • It will be some future day, — the futurest kind of a day, I'm afraid.' " The Superintendent posted off to see Colonel Birge. Bromley preceded him however, and cautioned sentinels to admit no citizen without a pass. 'Halt!" said the sentry; and the Super- intendent gave up the pursuit in despair.' '• The instructions which Bromley gave to Corporal Strange, a member of his staff, as he termed him, were quite significant. ' Strange, we're going on an expedition. I want my staff to be on the lookout for turkeys, geese, pigs, and sheep. Don't be the aggressor in any contest. Stand strictly on the defensive ; but^ if you're attacked by any of these animals, show fight, and don't forget to bring off the ene?ny''s dead." In the following spring the campaign was opened by the battle of Irish Bend, April fourteenth, 1863. In this en- gagement the regiment won new honors for its admirable discipline and coolness ; and among the spoils it bore away from the field was an elaborate and costly silk flag, bearing the inscription, "The Ladies of Franklin to the St, Mary's Cannoniers," a trophy which has found its way to the archives of the State. On the twenty-fourth of May fol_ lowing, and again on the fourteenth of June, the regiment THREE YEARS' MEN. 55 was engaged in battle at Port Hudson ; on the latter oc- casion, though in the reserve, by sheer force of enthusiasm and stress of the emergency, it worked its way to the fore- front of the hottest battle. The assault on the Fort proved unsuccessful, and led General Banks, then in command, to call " for a storming column of one thousand men." To the lead of this forlorn hope Colonel Birge was assigned, at his own request, his splendid regiment furnishing one quarter of the desired number of stormers. It was a brave thing to do, and was the fruit of no sudden impulse, no wild thoughtless desperation. The gallant Colonel kept from his men, that he had by choice been appointed to lead the column, not wishing to influence any of them to volunteer, unless self inclined. When, however, it became known that he was to command the ' forlorn hope,' there were many accessions. Two hundred and forty-one of this noble regi- ment for days and weeks looked death in the face and offered all on their country's altar. They knew well the ground over which they would have to pass, and that the chances were against their ever returning. It was a volun- teer service, in a trying hour, and at the risk of life itself. Some of the officers wrote out their wills, transferred money and keep-sakes to comrades who were to remain behind^ and wrote their last messages to loved ones at home. It was, as we now contemplate it, one of the most heroic in- cidents of the war, an imperishable memorial of the self- sacrifice and courage of the men, and their leader, of both of whom the country had every reason to feel proud. By request of the rest of the men, permission was obtained of Colonel Birge that the remainder of the regiment should follow immediately in rear of the stormers, as their first sup- port, a position only less perilous than that assigned to the storming column itself This virtually brought the whole regiment into the assaulting force. Fortunately the rebels 56 THE NORWICH MEMORIAL. surrendered the post before the final assault was ordered. As a special mark of honor, the storming column was des- ignated to enter Port Hudson to receive the surrender ; this it did, the second position being given to the Twenty-sixth Regiment, under Lieutenant-colonel Joseph Selden of Nor- wich, the colors and band of the Thirteenth being selected from all others to grace the pageant. The regiment, after a return home for a " veteran furlough," took part in the Shenandoah campaign, and was actively engaged in the battles at Winchester, Fisher's Hill, and Cedar Creek. In the Battle of Winchester, September, 1864, and the actions that followed in quick succession, the Thirteenth had a leading part. General Birge's division was in the advance, he himself directing and joining in the charge, which resulted in the utter route of General Early's army. Having meanwhile been promoted to be a Brigadier-gen- eral, during this Shenandoah campaign and subsequently, General Birge commanded a division. For his gallant service at Cedar Creek he was recommended by General Sheridan for a brevet commission of Major-general, which he received while in the field, winning thus the highest brevet rank gained by any army officer from Norwich. IV. 1 862. Three Year's Men, continued. " Listen, young heroes ! Your country is calling ! Time strikes the hour for the brave and the true ; Now, while the foremost are fighting and falling, Fill up the ranks that have opened for you ! " Stay not for questions while Freedom stands gasping ! Wait not till Honor lies wrapped in his pall ! Brief the lips' meeting be, swift the hands' clasping, — Off for the war, is enough for them all. " Never or now ! cries the blood of a nation, Poured on the turf where the red rose should bloom ; Now is the day and hour of salvation, — Never or now ! peals the trumpet of doom." O. W. Holmes. DURING the early part of this year the Union forces made steady progress, and it seemed for a while as if the war was to be brought to a speedy close. All loyal hearts were encouraged, and as it was supposed there would be no more calls for troops, enlisting quite generally ceased. The War Department issued orders April third, discontinu- ing the recruiting service in every State. The requisition upon the Governor in May by the authorities at Washing- ton for si.\ hundred men to fill up the Eighth, Tenth, and Eleventh Regiments, met with feeble response in Norwich 58 THE NORWICH MEMORIAL. and vicinity. This led to the call for another regiment, and a company was begun in the city for the Fourteenth, but enlistments came in slowly. On July first President Lincoln issued his third procla- mation, calling for three hundred thousand volunteers to serve or three years or the war. Governor Buckingham earnestly seconded this call by an appeal to the State on the third of the month, to furnish promptly its quota of men. " Close your manufactories and workshops, turn aside from your farms and your business, leave for a while your families and your homes, and meet face to face the enemies of your liberties ! Haste, and you will rescue many noble men, now struggling against superior numbers, and speedily secure the blessings of peace and good govern- ment." These were the closing words of the appeal that again helped to arouse the war spirit of the town. The disheartening result of McClellan's campaign before Rich- mond caused new solicitude, and though the loyal citizens "Bated no jot of heait or hope," it brought them to realize the need of stronger determina- tion and greater sacrifices, if they would do their part in putting down the still regnant rebellion. One of those stirring war meetings, which from time to time had been held for the purpose of helping forward enlistments, was called for Friday, July eleventh. His Excellency, W. A. Buckingham, presided. Breed Hall was tastefully deco- rated with flags and bunting, and crowded to its utmost ; the enthusiasm and intense feeling of the occasion were not in vain. Besides the most earnest protestations on the part of leading citizens to sustain the war till the rebellion was crushed, a number came forward, and amid the cheers of the multitude enrolled their names among the new re- cruits now imperatively needed. The meeting spoke the THREE YEARS' MEN. 59 sentiment of Norwich in the following spirited resolu- tion, — Resolved, That in common with the people in other parts of the State, we agree to stand by the flag of the Union, and to put forth all our energies for the suppression of the Rebellion, be- lieving, as we do, that the Constitution is the supreme law of the land, and must be maintained in every State of the Union at all hazards ; and in furtherance of these sentiments the following committee is hereby appointed, — James Lloyd Greene, John T. Wait, Amos W. Prentice, William M. Converse, J. F. Slater, H. B. Norton, J. W. Stedman, Charles Johnson, James S. Carew, Lorenzo Blackstone, Charles A. Converse, N. C. Brakenridge, H. B.Crosby, — whose duty it shall be to take such measures as may be necessary to procure the speedy enlistment of troops." This Committee decided at once to offer as bounty to those volunteering from Norwich thirteen dollars, making, together with what the State and Government offered, a total amount of one hundred dollars to each recruit. Again, on Thursday, July twenty-fourth, a County mass meeting was held on Franklin Square, presided over by Hon. J. T. Wait, where the enthusiasm of the town and county flamed forth, roused as it was by the speeches of patriotic citizens and soldiers temporarily home. Among the episodes of this monster meeting was the introduction of fourteen members of a Greeneville company now almost full, who sang with thrilling effect a song composed for the occasion. The key-note of the speaking was struck in the repeated and earnestly presented question, " What can I do to aid the Government .'' " The kindled excitement and interest of this meeting were carried over into a second gathering in Breed Hall in the evening, where representative gentlemen of the County spoke. The enlistment books were kept open on the platform, and during the continuance of the meeting numbers came forward amidst prolonged and 6o THE NORWICH MEMORIAL. hearty cheering, and enrolled their names. As the result of these popular demonstrations, enlisting, and persuading others to enlist, became the business of the hour. Love of country asserted itself once more above every personal and partisan feeling. The first regiment to feel the effect of this new awaken- ing of the war spirit was the Fourteenth, to which Norwich contributed as follows : — COMPANY E. Captain. William H. Tubes. First Lieutenant. Morton F. Hale, Promoted Brigade Commissary of Subsistence, December, 1862. Sergeants. James R. Nickels, Promoted Captain. Frederick E. Schalk, Promoted First Lieutenant. Henry C. Miller. In Company K, Lieutenant James B. Coit, afterwards promoted Captain and Major ; H. P. Goddard, Sergeant- major, afterwards promoted Captain ; and Lieutenant George C. Ripley, together with about forty enlisted men. The regiment left camp in Hartford August twenty-fifth, and without being allowed time for necessary instruction, was ordered at once into the hard-fought battle of Antie- tam, September, 1862. Here it suffered severely, and though a new regiment, bore itself with great merit. It had been hurried by forced marches to the battle-field, THREE YEARS' MEN. 6 1 without knapsacks, or regimental baggage, and was thirty- six hours under fire at Antietam, with scarcely anything to eat or drink during all this time. From this time onward it was kept in almost constantly active service, and was em- phatically a fighting regiment. At the battle of Fredericks- burg it continued in the Second Corps, which, with the Ninth Corps, formed the right grand division under General Sumner. It was the only Connecticut regiment warmly engaged, and was in the division that opened the battle. After making three separate charges under severe artillery fire, it fell back only when the division was retired, bearing with it the body of the brave Lieutenant-colonel Perkins, who had been severely wounded. The aggregate loss of the reg- iment was one hundred and twenty-two. At the battle of Chancellorsville the Fourteenth was actively engaged, fight- ing with great coolness, its brief experience having made it among the most reliable of Connecticut regiments ; here its losses were again heavy, and the splendid regiment which left the State August, 1862, ten hundred and fifteen strong, was already reduced, by reason of its constant fight- ing, to two hundred and nineteen men in service. At Get- tysburg, July, 1863, the conduct of the regiment is spoken of in the highest terms. It was one of the most trying battles fn which it had been engaged, yet one in which it distinguished itself by a number of effective charges, cap- turing five regimental flags and over forty prisoners, and sustaining a loss in the aggregate of sixty-six. In the Vir- ginia campaign under General Grant it also shared, partici- pating in the terrible battles of the Wilderness, and a Spottsylvania winning new laurels, losing here a brave Nor- wich officer. Lieutenant Schalk. At the battle of Reams' Station, August, 1864, Captain Nickels was killed. Both these young men were from Norwich, and had served with credit to themselves and the country for which they had 5 62 THE NORWICH MEMORIAL. cheerfully periled their lives. James B. Coit, who was spe- cially mentioned for his gallantry, was also wounded, and thus forced to resign, having been promoted from a First Lieutenancy to be Major, and afterwards was brevetted Brigadier-general. The regiment was present at the surren- der of Lee, and was mustered out May, 1865, with the con- sciousness of having had a severe service, and of having won its proud title, — the " brave Fourteenth." In the next three regiments of the six that the Governor had called for under the President's proclamation of July first, Norwich had no official representation, and therefore no special local interest. At the patriotic mass meeting of the county nothing had contributed more to arouse through- out the town an ambition to maintain its eminence for de- votion to the National Cause, than the announcement that orders had been issued for a New London County Regi- ment to rendezvous at the Fair Grounds near the city. It was the first regiment that was mustered into service from Norwich. For this reason the Eighteenth Regiment was regarded by our citizens as peculiarly their own. The five county companies were recruited in town, and the costly colors, National and State, were the gift of the Norwich ladies. The roster of officers of this favorite regiment from the town was as follows, and accounts for the deep interest our community took in it from the beginning of its exist- ence clear through its eventful history : — ColotieL William G. Ely, Previously Lieutenant-Colonel of the Sixth Infantry, subsequently brevetted Brigadier-general. Quartermaster. DwiGHT W. Hakes, Afterwards Captain, and Brevet Major. THREE YEARS' MEN. 63 S2irgeon. Charles M. Carleton. Sergeant-major. Joseph P. Rockwell, Promoted Adjutant and Captain. Quartermaster-sergeant. William Carruthers, Promoted First Lieutenant. Commissary- sergeant. Henry Hovey. COMPANY A. Captain. Henry C. Davis. Lieutenants. Adam H. Lindsley, James D. Higgins. COMPANY C. Captain. Isaac H. Bromley. First Lieutenant. Samuel T. C. Merwin, Promoted Captain. Second Lieutenant. Henry F. Cowles, Promoted First Lieutenant. 64 THE NORWICH MEMORIAL. COMPANY E. Captain. Isaac W. Hakes, Jr. First Lieutenant. Frederick A. Palmer. Promoted Captain. COMPANY F. Captain. Henry Peale. Promoted Major and Lieutenant-colonel. Second Lieutenant. John A. Francis. COMPANY I. Captain. Samuel R. Knapp. First Lieutenant. John H. Morrison, Promoted Captain. Second Lieutenant. Martin V. B. Tiffany, Promoted Captain. Of the enlisted men, over two hundred and fifty are cred- ited to Norwich on the rolls of the Adjutant-general. The colors were publicly presented to the regiment in the after- THREE YEARS' MEN. 65 noon of the twenty-second of August, by Governor Buck- ingham in behalf of the ladies, and received by Colonel Ely with fitting words of acknowledgment. Then forming into line, the regiment marched to the city to embark for its destination. Norwich had previous to this time sent forth single companies amid inspiriting cheers and tender farewells, but this was the first regiment it had seen depart for the seat of war. It was not strange, therefore, that the city put on its holiday attire, that ladies filled the windows and balconies along the line of march to wave their adieus, and that the streets were thronged with those anxious to have a last look at the brave men who were justly the pride of the district, and bid them as they went forth a hearty God-speed. Public and private buildings were gay with flags, and the national colors floated from the shipping in the river ; the whole city was in a tumult of excitement as it parted from the regiment in which it had so large an in- terest, and for which it had done so much. Stationed at first near Baltimore, it was ordered, in May, 1863, to Western Virginia. On the thirteenth to the fif- teenth of June it took a prominent part in the battle of Winchester, where a large proportion of men and officers were taken prisoners. During the night of the fifteenth the order for the silent evacuation of Winchester was given. The First and Second Brigades were intercepted in this retreat by a superior force of the enemy, and after two gallant charges the Eighteenth became separated from the main body, and in a final charge alone was repulsed by the enemy now greatly outnumbering it, a part of the regiment being captured, including Colonel Ely. This was the first battle in which the Eighteenth had been engaged, and its behavior reflected credit on both officers and men. The total loss of the regiment was five hundred and sixty-seven, thirty-one being killed, forty-four wounded, including five 66 THE NORWICH MEMORIAL. commanders of companies, which witnesses to the severity of the fighting, and the desperateness of these successive charges. The " Richmond Whig," commenting on the lat- ter, says, " the Yankees charged our battery three times, and got within a few yards of it, but were driven off. So many were killed at gun Number One, that it had to be abandoned, and we had fired every round of ammunition from gun Number Two. Then they made a final charge and got nearer than before, and we thought we were about to be captured, .... but finding a few rounds of ammu- nition in the caisson of Number One, and putting them in gun Number Two, we drove them back for the last time." Most of the privates captured in this engagement were sub- sequently paroled, but the officers were confined for nine months in Libby and Belle Island prisons. Colonel Ely was one of a party that escaped from Libby in February, 1864, by tunneling, but was recaptured, and carried back into close confinement. The handsome regimental colors presented by the ladies of Norwich were preserved, being carried for two days wound round the body of the color- sergeant, George Torrey of Woodstock, who escaped cap ture. While the arrangements for the surrender made by Colonel Ely were pending, Major Peale, with upwards of thirty men, got away ; and Company D, which had been detailed for provost-guard duty, escaped intact. About two hundred of the regiment finally were gathered together at Maryland Heights, where Major Peale took the command, setting himself earnestly at work to reorganize the regi- ment, and put it immediately into fighting trim. Ordered to join General French of the Third Army Corps, the reg- iment, now led by Major Peale, had severe fighting and marching, in connection with the Army of the Potomac, which was then following up General Lee. The regiment was soon ordered to Martinsburg, Va., where it received back THREE YEARS' MEN. dj the imprisoned men, captured in the battle of Winchester, who arrived from Camp Parole October third, 1863, and here it remained all winter, performing picket and other duty, until the opening of the Spring campaign in the Shen- andoah Valley under General Sigel (who was soon suc- ceeded by General Hunter). Again it was put in motion, marching southward, over the ground where so many were captured a year before, to Winchester, and thence pushed forward towards New Mar- ket. Here it went into action, numbering about ten offi- cers and some three hundred and fifty men, after marching fifteen miles in a drenching storm, and fought with unques- tioned gallantry nearly five hours, standing in mud knee- deep. General Sigel was forced to retreat, being over- matched by superior numbers. Major Peale's report credits the regiment with effective and courageous conduct, while his own handling of it in this engagement brought out his admirable qualities as a commander. The Eighteenth was in the extreme advance, and suffered severely, while the exhausting demands of their forced march before the bat- tle, and their retreat after it, harassed by a pursuing enemy, told upon the men. At Cedar Creek General Hunter re- lieved General Sigel, and after a brief respite, the regiment, together with the army, moved forward by rapid marches towards Piedmont. Colonel Ely, who had been exchanged, now rejoined the regiment, and took the command in the battle of Piedmont, Va. In his report, he says, " Our troops fought with undaunted bravery, and at five, p. m. routed the rebels, captured two thousand prisoners and five thousand stand of arms. The Eighteen'th was on the right of General Hunter's line of battle ; its colors took the lead in the first charge, and floated defiant till we triumphed. All of the color-guard were wounded except one. Our ban- ner riddled by minie balls and cannon-shot, and a loss of 68 THE NORWICH MEMORIAL. one hundred and twenty-seven in killed and wounded, tell our story." Among the killed was Adjutant E. B. Culver, an officer of great merit, an earnest patriot, and widely be- loved here by friends and citizens, who lamented his early death. Corporal J. F. Bradley and William H. Hamilton, who had left good situations in our city to enter their coun- try's service, were also among the slain. The regiment, greatly reduced in numbers and much exhausted, made its bivouac in the rear of the rebel position, and on the follow- ing morning, saddened by its losses, but rejoicing over its victory, pushed on with the army to Staunton. General Hunter in reviewing the regiments prior to the battle of Piedmont, had said to the Eighteenth, " he expected them to sustain the honor of Connecticut, and wipe out New Market." He was more than satisfied with the bearing of the regiment, and took occasion publicly to acknowledge its splendid conduct. On the tenth of June, reinforced by the commands of Generals Crook and Averill, Hunter continued on his course southward, passing through Lexington, and destroying in his march considerable public property. Rations however began to grow scarce, and the army, two hundred miles from its base, began to experience the hardships incident to such an ill-planned state of things. On June fifteenth, the Blue Ridge was reached, and ascended near its highest point, — the peaks of the Otter. The weary march was still kept up, the men suftering for food, and obliged to be in readi- ness to encounter the rebels, who now began to show signs of an intention to oppose the advance on Lynchburg. All that night, the regiment lay on its arms, while its advance engaged the rebels within four miles of the city. On the eighteenth, an artillery duel continued through the day, and two unsuccessful charges were made on its line. The Eighteenth bore the brunt of this engagement, in which „pfc*i* tnyiA^ %M Z4^1y4^L^ THREE YEARS' MEN. 69 Colonel Ely was wounded in the throat, and temporarily disabled, and eight others suffered from the enemy's fire. General Early had now reinforced the rebels, and they in turn prepared to make one of their forward movements, through what in waggish dialect had been christened " the back doah " of the Union. The regiment in consequence had before it ten days of incessant fatiguing retreat. Hunter had made what was called a " bold dash " at Lynchburg, had brought on an indecisive battle, and then was forced to hurry back across the mountains, his command arriving at Martinsburg jaded, ragged, and dispirited. The Chaplain of the Eighteenth wrote concerning these severest days in the regiment's history, " the scenes of that terrible march will never be recalled by any survivor without a shudder, the sufferings of the men were severe, yet they conducted themselves with soldierly manliness and propriety." Soon after the regiment in Crook's column passed down the left bank of the Potomac, reaching Snicker's Ford July eighteenth. " The command forded the Shenandoah river on the same day, and participated in an engagement with the rebel army, which invaded Maryland and Pennsylvania during the early part of July, in which engagement the regiment acted well its part, and suffered severely." Thus ran the report of Lieutenant-colonel Peale, subsequently in charge. Colonel Ely having been assigned to the command of the Second Brigade. The regiment in falling back had a spirited engagement at Winchester, Va., but was forced to continue retreating as far as Martinsburg, Va. It was not understood by the public generally, why the Eighteenth, and the Shenandoah Valley Army with which it was associated, were so often found contending against superior numbers, and obliged so repeatedly to fall back or retreat. The explanation is in the fact that they were set to watch this back way of getting into Pennsylvania and 70 THE NORWICH MEMORIAL. Maryland, through which the rebel General Early about twice a year attempted to penetrate with a force far ex- ceeding ours. As a consequence the fighting necessary to be done by our troops was exceedingly hard, and always against great odds. When General Sheridan came into the valley he admitted that his men had no such unequal- matched battles to fight, as in the previous years had made those in the Shenandoah, in which the Eighteenth par- ticipated, so sanguinary and disastrous. No regiment fought more bravely, but it uniformly had before it every time it went into action a force outnumbering its own. The Eighteenth was, soon after this, ordered to join the forces under General Sheridan, and under him took part in an engagement with the enemy at Berryville, Va., Sep- tember third, 1864, Captain Tiffany commanding in the absence of Lieutenant-colonel Peale. Colonel W. G. Ely, who of late had been in command of the Second Brigade, First Division, Army of Western Virginia, at this time re- signed, and received the appointment subsequently of Bre- vet Brigadier-general. He had served with courage and ability for more than three years, retiring with honor from the position his soldierly qualities had won him. The regi- ment had now become much reduced in numbers, owing to its constant fighting, and was sent to Charlestown, Va., to act as garrison for that place, — thence it went to Martins- burg, Va., performing picket and provost duty. At its sub- sequent head-quarters, in Hall-town, it remained, doing val- uable service until ordered to Martinsburg to be mustered out, June, 1865. Under command of Lieutenant-colonel Peale, who had been in constant service since the war broke out, it returned to Hartford, where it was awarded a public reception, bringing back from an arduous service a well-earned name for courage and fidelity. In the next two regiments Norwich had no local interest. THREE YEARS' MEN. 71 Charles J. Arms, Adjutant of the Twentieth Regiment, is the only name on the original muster roll, and he was trans- ferred to the staff of Brigadier-general Harland. The Twenty-first was the last of the seventeen regiments raised on the several calls of the President for three years' service or the war, and was the second regiment ordered to rendezvous at Norwich. Among the officers from the town was Hiram B. Crosby, appointed Major, who on the death of Colonel Button and Lieutenant-colonel Burpee, suc- ceeded to the regimental command. J. Hamilton Lee was made Assistant Surgeon, Christopher A. Brand Sergeant- major, being promoted subsequently First Lieutenant. J. D. Plunkett, at first Sergeant, rose to be Second Lieuten- ant ; with these were about thirty privates. On Wednesday, September seventeenth, when the State and Regimental Flags from the ladies of Norwich and Stonington were presented to the Twenty-first, an immense crowd of visitors thronged the Camp. His Honor, Mayor Greene, made the presentation speech in behalf of the donors, from which we extract the closing passages: — " Colonel Button, the ladies of Norwich and Stonington place this flag in your hands, and in those of the brave men under your command, fully persuaded you will never disgrace it, but will add new lustre to the brilliancy of its fame. Take it, and guard it as the most priceless treasure ever committed to mortal hands. With it they also give you the State Flag of the State of Connecticut, confident that your valor and skill will add yet more brightness to the star which represents her in the national flag. " Take your flags, and, trusting in the holiness of your cause, and in your own strong arms, march on to victory and renown ; and when the conflict is over, and the victory won, — when free- dom's flag floats high and wide over all the land, — the ladies who present you to-day with these colors will welcome home with all honor the saviors of their beloved land." 72 THE NORWICH MEMORIAL. Colonel Dutton, receiving the flags, responded in words whose emphasis, his position, and the gleaming line of bay- onets borne by his men, drawn up behind where he stood, made memorably impressive : " Representing this regiment as its chief officer, I desire to thank the ladies of Eastern Connecticut for their magnificent present. At some future day — many months hence, perhaps — we hope to bring these colors back to you, time-worn, dust-covered, perhaps bullet-torn they may be, but polluted by the touch of a rebel — never ! " The regiment had a good record for bravery and sol- dierly bearing, taking part in the battles of Fredericksburg, Suftblk, Drury's Bluff, Cold Harbor, before Petersburg and Fort Harrison. Of the conduct of the regiment in the severe battle of Drury's Bluff, a New York officer, who was an eye-witness of the scene, wrote : — " Never shall I forget its splendid behavior on that terrible six- teenth of May, 1864, when the field at Drury's Bluff was covered with from eight to ten thousand men, killed and wounded from both sides. The Twenty-first, firm and fearless, stood the horri- ble charge, and repulsed it on their front. Many times, in the heat of that conflict, I looked towards the regiment, fearful that I should see it overwhelmed. It did its noble State immortal honor on that day, as it has in every battle in which engaged." The regiment remained in front of Petersburg until the third of September, performing picket duty, and engaged in skirmishes with the enemy. It was then ordered within the line of defenses at Bermuda Hundred, and remained in that position until September twenty-eighth, when it was ordered to join the general advance of the Union army. It took up its march across the James river, and with its division shared in the assault on Fort Harrison. In this action the regiment fought with conspicuous valor. With the First Connecticut Battery, and the Eighth Reg- THREE YEARS' MEN. 73 iment Infantry, it held a position in the advance into Rich- mond, on its evacuation by General Lee ; and when mus- tered out in June, 1865, brought home the following high testimonial from General Charles Devens, in whose division it served : " It is fully entitled to the honor of having served most faithfully, and as long as its services were needed ; and having done its duty most nobly under many most trying and dangerous circumstances. It has worthily maintained the honor of the State of Connecticut, her loyalty to the Union of our Fathers, her deep and stern attachment to the principles of popular government and of civil liberty," Such were the words of commendation that were addressed to the Governor. Colonel Crosby, while Major, was specially mentioned for his service at the battle of Fredericksburg, where, by his discretion and courage, he facilitated the retreat of a portion of the army. He proved himself a good officer, as capable as from the outbreak of the war he had been patriotic, resigning because of sick- ness, September, 1864. Connecticut was the first State to fill her quota under the call of the President for three years' men. Within forty- five days, eight thousand and thirty-six men had volunteered, and were organized into eight full regiments, and one light battery. General Daniel Tyler rendered great assistance in equip- ping these regiments, and preparing them for the field. The State was indebted to him for invaluable service, which only so accomplished a soldier as he was, could have ren- dered. He had been, in March, 1862, re-commissioned Brigadier- general, and assigned to the command of a brigade, after- wards of a division, in the army of the Mississippi. While kept from that active service and promotion for which his military knowledge and experience fitted him, he was the true 74 THE NORWICH MEMORIAL. friend of his State and town, and to his personal supervision and instruction was owing the high military character which distinguished our soldiers. General Hawley ex- pressed the feeling of not a few Connecticut officers, when he said, " General Tyler is the father of us all." The record of the State had thus far been remarkably creditable, while the popular enthusiasm manifested itself in local war-meetings, in generous pledges of assistance to volunteers and their families. The recruiting machinery was in the hands of men of energy and patriotic impulses, and the several towns and counties sought to emulate each other in the promptitude with which they raised their as- signed quotas. V. 1 862. NINE MONTHS' MEN. " ' Qui transtuHt sustinet ? ' motto of light ! 'Neath the folds of that banner we strike for the right ; Connecticut's watchword, o'er hill and o'er plain, ' The Hand that transplanted, that Hand will sustain.' " And now in the darkness of Treason's black night, 'Neath the folds of that banner we strike for the right ! For the Right ? 'tis our country we're marching to save, — The dear flag of the Union in triumph shall wave ! Faith swells in each heart ; Hope fires every vein ! ' .\nd Thou who transplanted. Oh ! always sustain.' " S. .S. Weld. ON the fourth of August, 1862, appeared President Lin- coln's proclamation for three hundred thousand troops to serve nine months, — with orders for a draft to be made, if the quotas of the different States were not filled with volunteers, by the fifteenth of the month. In Norwich it only served to intensify the war spirit, and made all citizens feel that it was no time to despond or slacken in efforts that hitherto had reflected such honor upon the town. The " Daily Bulletin," from the first, pronounced in its patriotic utterances, and eager to second every movement for the raising of the called for troops, — spoke out in bold and earnest tones, — " There is not a loyal heart in these United States who will not rejoice on seeing the President's procla- ^6 THE NORWICH MEMORIAL. mation. ... It is an indication of earnest work. It proves that the administration will not suffer this Republic to perish because it hesitates to put forth its full strength. We can- not doubt of the hearty approval and willing response of the people to this new call upon their patriotism. There are many among us who could hardly determine their duty. On the one hand, were the sweet endearments of home, — the wife and children to be provided for, the anxious care for them, which pleads strongly ; and on the other hand, the call for soldiers, which comes home to every man's heart who loves his native land. To them the draft will be welcome." It was a dark hour in the history of the war, perhaps the darkest that was known at any time during our long strug- gle. The Peninsular campaign had resulted most disas- trously to our arms, though never did troops fight more bravely. The stubborn heroism of our splendid Potomac army, led by such war-worn veterans as Sumner, Kearney, Heintzelman, Hooker, and others, had made its retreat a costly one to the rebel forces, and might even have turned its sad retirement from the advance on Richmond into vic- tory, if there had been the requisite courage and skill on the part of the then commanding general. Following this great failure came the short and unfortunate campaign of General Pope, and the triumphant advance of General Lee into Maryland. The need of more men by the government was urgent in the extreme, and the President's call appeared just at the time when national reverses had produced wide- spread discouragement and solicitude, and yet, as we shall see, the people met the crisis with undaunted faith, and re- sponded with reasonable promptness to the appeal made to them for more troops. Going back a little in our regimental history, we find that in January of this year, the Fourth Regiment of In- fantry was by order of the War Department converted NINE MONTHS' MEN. yy into the First Artillery. It received two additional com- panies, and was recruited to eighteen hundred men, and placed under command of Colonel Robert O. Tyler. In a few months, it attained a remarkable degree of efficiency, and was soon after " ranked by military judges as the best Volunteer Regiment of Artillery in the field, and consid- ered equal in all respects to any regiment of the same arm in the regular service." On the promotion of Colonel Tyler, Henry L. Abbott was appointed to the command, and under him the regi- ment served until the close of the war. It constituted, dur- ing a portion of this period, the basis of an Artillery Brigade, which sometimes exceeded an aggregate of thirty-five hun- dred men, and had in charge the entire siege train in use in the final siege of Petersburg and Richmond. From this regiment, after the transference of Major H. W. Birge to the colonelcy of the Thirteenth Infantry, Nor- wich was represented by Dr. Edwin Bentley, Assistant Sur- geon, promoted to the position of Brigade Surgeon ; John H. Tingley, Second Lieutenant, Company A, who had with a noble patriotism served in the ranks as a private dur- ing the three months' campaign ; Bela P. Learned, Second Lieutenant, Company D, who also served two years with honor as a field-officer on the staff' of General Abbott, transacting with rare efficiency the complicated office duties of the command. Subsequently promoted Captain, he re- ceived the appointment of Brevet Major before he was mus- tered out with the regiment ; Edwin L. Tyler, Second Lieutenant, Company G ; Frank J. Jones, Second Lieu- tenant, Company L. On the regimental rolls appear the. names of about sixty privates, some of whom were non-residents, and are credited to the town as substitutes. The regiment served ' through the Peninsular campaign under General McClellan, where 6 78 THE NORWICH MEMORIAL. its discipline and splendid equipment were severely tested. At the battle of Malvern Hill its guns were served with great rapidity and accuracy, and for its efficient services the names of " Siege of Yorktown," " Hanover Court House," " Chickahominy," " Gaines' Mills," and " Malvern," were ordered to be emblazoned on its colors. When garrisoning Washington, subsequent to this, it was awarded a position of supreme importance, and in the advance under General Grant, the regiment again had a distinguished part, the gal- lantry of its officers and men attracting attention. Through- out the final campaign against Richmond, it continued to hold the high reputation it had gained, in the earlier one during this year, under McClellan. In the siege of York- town in 1862, when the Regiment had been but few months in service, and had received comparatively little exact train- ing, the report of the ordnance officer of its siege-train, Ma- jor Doull of the Second New York Artillery, said, " Its labors will compare favorably with anything of the kind that has been done before." It manned the long line of guns in front of Petersburg in 1864 and '65, while eight companies served on the lines in front of Richmond. When not serving their guns, the greater part of the regiment would act as guards for the reserve artillery, or would be ready to accompany assaulting columns, in order to use without delay any captured artillery upon the retreat- ing enemy. In the assault of the lines of Petersburg, April second, 1865, by the Ninth Corps, a detachment of the regi- ment joined the assaulting column, and entered among the first the enemy's works, serving instantly four captured light twelve-pounder guns upon the retreating masses of the enemy. Two more were afterwards taken, when the six guns were served gallantly all day and during the night, contributing greatly to the success of the charge, and re- pulsing the rebels in their desperate eftbrts to retake the works. NINE MONTHS' MEN. 79 Always to be relied on, its superb discipline jealously maintained by Colonel Abbott, and kept in the best fighting trim, it was a regiment that commanders came to be proud of, the achievements of which brought honor to the State, that through it won a good name for what it furnished in this arm. On reading over the exact orders issued by Lieutenant Learned, when serving as Acting Assistant Adjutant-gen- eral, in which the number of shots fired by each gun, the kind of ammunition used, kind of projectile preferred, and other similar details were required to be reported by the battery commanders to him, the secret of its efficiency is in part disclosed. When scattered over a front extending many miles, fre- quently subdivided into smaller companies, the regiment on coming together again exhibits the cleanliness and sol- dierly appearance, which gave it such brilliant presence when on garrison duty. When it was mustered out, Sep- tember twenty-fifth, 1865, Major-general Barry, one of the ablest artillery officers in the country, bore this testimony to the character of the regiment : " As chief of Artillery successively of the two principal armies of the United States, during the four years of war, now happily ended, I have enjoyed unusual opportunities for observation. You will on this account value my opinion when I assure you that the First Connecticut Artillery, in intelligence, and the acquirements and services of its special arm, stands unrivaled in the armies of the United States." We have thus far noted the representatives of our town, in the infantry regiments formed, and in the other arm, of heavy artillery. We come, now, to the cavalry. Into the First Regiment, there went from Norwich Charles Farns- worth, Captain of Company B, who was subsequently pro- moted Lieutenant-colonel ; Henry T. Phillips, Second Lieu- 8o THE NORWICH MEMORIAL. tenant, afterward First Lieutenant ; Joab B. Rogers, Ser- geant, promoted to Captain Company A ; and seventy-nine privates. Originally a battalion, it left the State in January, 1862, performing arduous service during the first year in the mountain department of Virginia, under Generals Schenck, Fremont, and Milroy. In April, 1862, Captain Farnsworth was attacked, while on a scouting expedition with only twelve men, and se- verely wounded. He was passing at the base of a hill so thickly overgrown with brush and small trees that it was impossible to distinguish a man two rods distant. At this point two volleys were fired at him from behind, from the brow of this hill, by concealed rebels. One ball passed through his arm, another through his side. He promptly halted his men, formed them into line, so as to be prepared to receive the rebels if disposed to come to close quarters, when fainting from the loss of blood, he was safely brought into camp. Recovering from the illness this occasioned, he soon rejoined his command, and took part with the regi- ment in the service demanded of it during the rest of the campaign. In July, 1863, Captain (at this date Major) Farnsworth, with a command of fifty men, was ordered out by General Naglee to reconnoitre the enemy's position beyond Bolivar Heights, and to ascertain his strength. Coming upon a strong cavalry picket, they charged on them and drove therti back on their reserve, two hundred strong. Not halting at this, the gallant Major charged on the whole body of the enemy, and at first with success, capturing many prisoners, but the rebels, seeing the disparity of the attacking force, rallied, and a hand to hand fight occurred, in which Major Farnsworth's horse was shot, and he, with twenty-six of his men were compelled to surrender. Taken at once to Libby Prison, he endured there a weary con- NINE MONTHS' MEN. 8l finement for some eight months. Soon after his return to his regiment, in May, 1864, having meanwhile been promoted Lieutenant-colonel, he resigned his commission, and was honorably discharged, with the record of a brave and spir- ited officer, admirably adapted to this arm of the service. In the spring of 1864 the regiment was attached to the Army of the Potomac, and assigned to the cavalry brigade of General Davies, under Kilpatrick. It now entered upon arduous duty, opening the battle of Spottsylvania, and fighting with marked courage, part of the time dismounted, and then again in the saddle. In August of this year it was transferred to the army of the Shenandoah, and won, while with General Sheridan, the reputation of being " second to no other cavalry regi- ment/' In the vicinity of Winchester, while with General Wilson's cavalry division, a squadron under Captain Rogers, assisted by detachments from the Third New York and Second Ohio, surrounded and captured an entire regiment of South Carolina infantry, with their colors. Lieutenant Henry T. Phillips, just prior to the battle of Ashland Sta- tion, May, 1864, was of marked service in securing ammu- nition for the regiment, boldly accomplishing that which had twice been ineffectually attempted by other officers. The regiment had a most laborious service during the last two years of the war, fighting now on the skirmish line, dismounted, then leading in the charge upon the ad- vanced forces of the enemy, and at all times recognized as reliable and brave. The varied experiences of the regi- ment, its losses and desperate encounters, its long raids and dashing charges, make up a story such as only a cav- alry regiment of trusty mettle could furnish. It had a very prominent part in the final advance on Richmond, and led in the pursuit and capture of Lee's army. It was the last regiment to leave the renowned cavalry corps of Gen- 82 THE NORWICH MEMORIAL. eral Sheridan, being detained in Washington on account of its high repute and soldierly appearance. Its muster-rolls bore the names of two thousand six hundred and eleven men. On August fifth, 1865, it returned to New Haven and was there mustered out. On the rolls of the First Light Battery appears the name of Alfred P. Rockwell, as Captain, the only Norwich officer. In the battle of James Island his command re- sponded to the enemy's fire with great effect, pouring per- cussion shells into the rebels with telling rapidity and accu- racy «of aim. In the second engagement on this island, in 1863, the battery again took a prominent part. At the battle of Walthall Junction the rebels charged upon the battery and were handsomely repulsed. At Fort Darling, May 1864, Captain Rockwell had a position on the left of the line, where again the guns of his battery were admirably served and made the enemy respect them. Subsequently promoted Colonel of the Sixth Regiment, he led the latter in the engagements at Bermuda Hundred, Deep Run, Va., and Fort Fisher, N. C, proving himself a skillful officer, and receiving the appointment of brevet Brigadier-general, for his gallantry in the campaign of 1864. Seven additional regiments of nine months' men were now called for from Connecticut, and Norwich took vigor- ous measures to furnish promptly its quota. Another great war meeting was held in Breed Hall, Wednesday evening, August twenty-seventh, presided over by his honor Mayor Greene, where again the spirit and enthusiasm of the peo- ple 'were aroused. The war committee announced that the town bounty would be increased to one hundred dollars. On Saturday, August thirtieth, the citizens were warned to assemble in Town Hall. The highest pitch of popular feeling during the war was on this occasion reached in a meeting of thrilling interest. After ratifying the action NINE MONTHS' MEN. 83 of the war committee, raising the bounty of the nine months' men to the amount above named, the assem- blage, now overwhelmingly thronged, and wrought up with intense excitement, resolved itself into a committee of the whole, to obtain volunteers. Hon. John T. Wait was conducted to the chair, when individual offers to those who would enlist followed, marked by unprecedented liberality, and awakening the greatest enthusiasm. Hon. H. H. Starkweather, whose practical wisdom and earnest, devoted patriotism had placed him foremost among the more serviceable of our citizens, led off in a tenderof one hundred dollars to the first ten men that volunteered. Lewis Edwards promptly made a like offer. Fifty dollars was next proffered by D. A. Delanoy for the third ten that would enlist. H. L. Maples responded with a pledge of twenty-five dollars for the next five recruits. Spear & Brothers joined the bidders, with a promise of fifty dollars for the next five enlisting. J. M. Huntington then added an offer of ten dollars apiece for the first sixty volunteers, Hon. L. Black- stone continued the same generous pledge for the next twenty, and L. H. Chester offered fifty dollars for ten more. A spirit of noble emulation seemed to animate all present, while those who were unable to join in these money proffers came forward, and did what was better, offered themselves. William P. Greene, Esq., ever mindful of the families to be left by those volunteering, with his accustomed consider- ateness and liberality, amid the heartiest applause, made his tender of one thousand dollars for their benefit. This turned the current of citizen benevolence only in another direction, and at once Hon. James Lloyd Greene followed with his offer of five hundred dollars, while next to him came Henry Bill, with a promise of one hundred dollars. Dr. R. Tracy joined the new advance with fifty dollars, Jedediah Leavens with fifty dollars, and A. P. Sturtevant 84 THE NORWICH MEMORIAL. brought up the rear with a round one hundred dollar sub- scription. These offers followed each other rapidly, while equally generous private pledges to the committee, were made after the eventful meeting adjourned. Governor Buck- ingham adding five hundred dollars to the fund for soldiers' families. The kindled enthusiasm of this gathering seemed to demand, after a short nooning, a second session, which was held in Franklin Square, where telling speeches were made, interspersed with yet further proffers of pecuniary aid or of personal service. Altogether it was a most memorable meeting, and brought out into sublimest expres- sion the liberality and patriotism of the citizens of Norwich. This splendid action of the town averted the necessity of a draft, and placed at the service of the government more than its assigned quota. The impetus given to recruiting by these recent war-meet- ings, contributed to the rapid filling up of the Twenty-sixth Regiment, which was a New London County organization. It was ordered to rendezvous at Norwich, and had a large representation from the town, both as officers and men. Among the former, Norwich furnished, - Lieiitenant-coloTiel. Joseph Selden. Adjutant, Stephen B. Meech. Qiiartertnaster. Benjamin F. Tracy. Assistant Surgeon. » Elisha Phinney. NINE MONTHS' MEN. 85 COMPANY B. Captain. Clarke Harrington. Second Lieutenant. James S. Maples. COMPANY a Captain. Samuel T. Huntoon. First Lieutenant. Timothy W. Tracy. COMPANY F. .Captain. Loren a. Gallup. First Lieutenant. Edward W. Eels. Second Lieutenant. Hervey F. Jacobs. COMPANY G. Captain. John L. Stanton. Second Lieutenant. Pliny Brewer. 86 THE NORWICH MEMORIAL. On the regimental rolls appear the names of one hundred and twenty-five privates hailing from this town. On the fourteenth of November, the regiment broke camp, and marching through the city, where it was greeted by every demonstration of good-will, it embarked on the steamer, en route for New York, . amidst the farewells of those who crowded the wharf to look their last look, and speak their last adieus. The band struck up the conventional " good-by " air, " The Girl I left behind me," as the boat moved off, which carried away the last regiment Norwich and the adjoining towns were called on to raise. The Twenty-sixth was or- dered first to New Orleans, and remained for a while at Camp Parapet, drilling, doing guard duty, and on detached service. Soon after General Banks' arrival, it was put in motion to join his command in the projected assault upon Port Hudson. Here, after the investment of this stronghold was completed, the regiment participated in the three sev- eral attacks made upon it, serving in General Neal Dow's Brigade. In the first of these, on May twenty-seventh, its position was on the extreme left wing, the advance of which immediately exposed it to a concentrated fire from the enemy. Colonel Kingsley was wounded in the early part of the action, when Lieutenant-colonel Selden took the com- mand, leading the regiment in person, and handling it with courage and skill. Its bearing in this first engagement in which it came under fire, was highly creditable, the men and officers conducting with decided gallantry and coolness, proving that nine months' regiments were equal to any emergency. Captain John L. Stanton, a brave officer, es- teemed by his comrades, and tenderly loved by his friends, was shot dead in this assault. The total loss of the regi- ment was reported as one hundred and seven. On the long-to-be-remembered fourteenth of June, the NINE MONTHS' MEN. 8/ regiment led the advance, pushing -its way under the lead of the Lieutenant-colonel to within three hundred yards of the enemy's works, under a raking fire. Here, in a ravine obstructing its further movement, it held its own, under a broiling sun, until night- fall, suffering terribly from the rebel guns. For its courageous and veteran-like conduct on this occasion, the regiment was complimented by a spe- cial order from General Dwight. In this action, Lieutenant Hervey F. Jacobs was fatally wounded, and by his subse- quent death added another to the swelling list of those who had gone forth from Norwich and sacrificed life to the cause they had with noble patriotism espoused. The reg- iment was again honored by being selected as one of the ten to enter and receive the formal surrender of Port Hud- son, July ninth, 1863, occupying, in the performance of this duty, the second post of honor. The history of the Twenty-sixth was in every respect a noble one. Its active service in the siege of Port Hudson covered about forty-five days, — days they were in which its courage and military prowess won their meed of well-deserved re- nown. Returning with depleted ranks, with torn and black- ened colors, it received a public welcome such as testified to the appreciation of those who had fondly watched its service in the field. On the entrance to the Little Plain where a bountiful col- lation had been prepared, was hung the motto, " Welcome ! Twenty-sixth," while the words " Port Hudson," appropri- ately decorated the stand occupied by the Governor, Mayor, City Council, Colonel Kingsley, and others. After the regi- ment and its escort had taken their places at the tables, bountifully supplied, and beautifully decorated. Mayor Greene greeted them in these words : — " Colonel Kingsley, officers and privates of the Twenty- sixth Regiment, it is my pleasure, as it is my duty on this 88 THE NORWICH MEMORIAL. occasion, in the name and by the order of the city of Nor- wich, to welcome you home to old Connecticut. Some who left in your ranks have not returned ; they will return no more ; their dust mingles with Southern soil, but their lives were not given in vain ; and if it is most noble to live for others, and not for ourselves, then certainly no death can be more noble than that which is in defense of the liberties of our country, and for the protection and preservation of the best interests and hopes of all men. , . . Soldiers, during your nine months of service, you have endured the privations and hardship of the camp and the march, you have faced the perils of sickness, and have braved wounds, mutilation, and death, on the field of battle you have nobly upheld the honor of the State, and have proved, in common with all Connecticut regiments, that though our State is small in size, she is preeminent in the valor and manhood of her sons." .... Colonel Kingsley briefly responded, alluding to the suf- ferings and achievements of the regiment, to the praise it had won for its brief but valuable service from its com- manding Generals. The regiment mustered about five hundred and fifty, seven of their number having been buried along the banks of the Mississippi, a few, unable to be moved, were left in Western hospitals, one died within sight of home, and seven were too feeble to be present and participate in the festivities of the occasion. One hundred and sixty-seven are its reported losses in total. This tells substantially the story of the regiment, whose annals are hereafter part of the history of our town. The city authorities, as well as the military and fire de- partment, shared in this cordial home-reception, and acted as escort to these young heroes of siege and battle. On the twenty-second of September, 1862, appeared the great proclamation of President Lincoln, declaring, " That NINE MONTHS' MEN. 89 on the first day of January, in the year of our Lord one thousand eight hundred and sixty-three, all persons held as slaves within any State, or any designated part of a State, the people whereof shall then be in rebellion against the United States, shall be thenceforward and forever free, and the government of the United States, including the military and naval authorities, will recognize and maintain the free- dom of such persons, and will do no act or acts to repress such persons, or any of them, in any efforts they may make for their actual freedom." The wisdom of this great act was by the loyal masses of the North deemed unquestionable, while its necessity had long been held to be imperative by leading men throughout the country. Almost unheralded, its appearance debarred that angry discussion which might have followed the an- nouncement of its forthcoming. At a meeting, September twenty-ninth, in Washington, D. C, composed of the governors of loyal States, an address to Mr. Lincoln was drawn up and presented, which, after pledging to the President their most loyal support, added, in reference to his great act : " We hail with heartfelt grati- tude, and encouraged hope, the proclamation, issued on the twenty-second instant, declaring emancipated from their bondage all persons held to service or labor as slaves in the rebel States whose rebellion shall last until the first day of January next ensuing. . . . To have continued indefinitely the most efficient cause, the support and stay of the rebel- lion, would have been in our opinion unjust to the loyal people whose treasures and lives are made a willing sacri- fice on the altar of patriotism, would have discriminated against the wife, who is compelled to surrender her hus- band, against the parent who is to surrender his child to the hardships of camp, and the perils of battle, and in favor of rebel-masters permitted to retain their slaves. It would 90 THE NORWICH MEMORIAL. have been a final decision alike against humanity, justice, the rights and dig^mty of the government, and against a wise national policy. The decision of the President to strike at the root of the rebellion, will lend new vigor to the efforts, and new life and hope to the hearts of the people. " Cordially tendering to the President our respectful as- surances of personal and official confidence, we trust and believe that the policy now inaugurated will be crowned with success, will give speedy and triumphant victories over our enemies, and secure to this nation and to this people the blessings and favor of Almighty God." The address was the work of Massachusetts' distinguished " war-governor," — the eloquent and patriotic John A. An- drew. The general verdict of the press of the country was in favor of the grand edict, with which Abraham Lincoln's name will be forever associated. He himself realized the magnitude of the deed, when in proclaiming the act in force on the first of January, 1863, he with that reverent divine faith which so often lifted him far above the mere petty feel- ings of political expediency, solemnly concluded with these words : " A7id upon this act, sincerely believed to be an act of j?cstice, zvarranted by the Constitution upon military neces- sity, I invoke the considerate jiidgment of mankind, and the gracious favor of Almighty God." Governor Andrew, in his annual Message to the Massa- chusetts Legislature, bore this graceful and earnest tribute to the great act of the age : " Supporting always the Govern- ment without conditions as to its policy, we rejoice with un- utterable joy, that its policy is that of human nature, and not that of human sophistry ; and we hail the returning day of civic virtues which our national departure from the prac- tice of justice and the principles of our fathers have dis- couraged in the North, and have overthrown in the South." NINE iMONTHS' MEN. 9 1 Before sunset on that memorable twenty-second of Sep- tember, the proclamation had been telegraphed to every portion of the Republic. It was hailed by a large majority of the loyal men of the nation with unfeigned joy and grat- itude. Bells rang out their joyous peals not only through- out New England, and the teeming cities of the Empire State, but over the broader States of the West, and clear on to those that skirt the base of the Rocky Mountains. Ten States were enumerated as in rebellion, and three million of slaves were set free. After the issue of the proclama- tion, Mr, Lincoln said, " Now that we have got the harpoon fairly into the monster slavery, we must take care that in his extremity he does not shipwreck the country." In the House of Representatives, on motion of Mr. Fes- senden, of Maine, the following vote was passed by a large majority : " Resolved, That the proclamation of the Presi- dent of the United States of the date of September twenty- second, 1862, is warranted by the Constitution ; that the policy of emancipation, as indicated in that proclamation, is well adapted to hasten the restoration of peace, was well chosen as a war-measure, and is an exercise of power with proper regard for the rights of the States, and the prosperity of free government." The citizens of Norwich were not indifferent to this edict of liberty, emancipating an enslaved race, and they gave to it at once their heartfelt approval, and outspoken support. Accordingly, on the day when the proclamation went into effect, January first, 1863, Hon. James Lloyd Greene, the patriotic mayor of the city, whose sympathy with the cause of human freedom, and earnest support of the war from its very beginning had won him a high regard amongst our citizens, ordered a salute to be fired, the city flags to be dis- played, and the church bells rung. In thus doing public honor to the act which made the 92 THE NORWICH MEMORIAL. year forever memorable, he " had the advice and consent of all the members of the common council whom he could find, being a majority of the whole number." It was fit thus to no- tice this signal event, and every gun fired gave expression to the feelings that thrilled with joy the hearts of all loyal people. When the bill was presented to the city treasurer for payment, after an appropriation therefor had been unan- imously made by the common council, he was restrained by an injunction issued by the Superior court, from paying the same. The honorable tribute to the edict in question was, however, shorn of none of its significance, when the un- daunted mayor promptly relieved the city of all expense, or litigation, and in outspoken words given to the public, in which the facts of the case were plainly stated, and the items of the bill presented, he with genuine quaintness of expres- sion, thus concluded : " And now, upon my soul, I do exult and rejoice that I, James Lloyd Greene, am the man who ordered and paid for the first emancipation salute ever fired in the State of Connecticut." Concerning this same event, thus wrote the sweet Quaker poet, J. G. Whittier : — " O dark sad millions, patiently and dumb Waiting for God, your hour at last has come, And freedom's song I5reaks the long silence of your night of wrong ! " Arise and flee ! Shake off the vile restraint Of ages ! but like Ballymena's saint The oppressor spare ; Heap only on his head the coals of prayer. " Go forth, like him, like him return again, To bless the land whereon in bitter pain Ye toiled at first, And heal with freedom, what your slavery cursed ! " VI. 1 863. " All hail the land where Freedom dwells, and lifts her starry shield ! Here gaze all nations, bond and free — this is their battle-field ! Humanity and Liberty throughout the struggling world, Proclaim her cause their own, and cry. Our Flag shall stay unfurled ! Our Flag shall stay unfurled ! Our Flag shall stay unfurled ! Though Freedom's foes may plot her death, Yet while a patriot holds his breath, Our Flag shall stay unfurled ! " Weishampel. UP to this time there had been but slow progress made by our armies, though the expenditure, both of blood and treasure, had been very great. The hopes of the in- surgents were still confident, and our forces had sustained enough repulses to seriously discourage the people. Now opened the year, which was the test one of the conflict. It opened well, for it chronicled the fact, that liberty to all was now for the first time inscribed upon our national ban- ners. The campaign commenced with great vigor in the West, under General Grant, and by the middle of summer Vicks- burg had fallen before his persevering skill and valor, and soon after, Port Hudson surrendered to General Banks, thus securing for our possession the great river of the continent, and thereby severing in twain the territory of the Confed- eracy. About the same time in the East, the gallant Poto- 7 94 THE NORWICH MEMORIAL. mac Army endured another defeat under Hooker at Chan- cellorsville, which led to the bold advance of Lee into Pennsylvania, he venturing to assume again the offensive. The command of our troops was transferred to General Meade, who met the enemy at Gettysburg, and fought him, in a most obstinate and bloody battle, lasting three days, at the end, of which our army remained in possession of the field, having inflicted so damaging a defeat on the rebels, that they were compelled to retreat. The tidings of this victory were announced to the country July fourth, which, with the brilliant triumphs of our arms in the West, added new fervor to the popular celebration peculiar to that day. Modestly and reverently Mr. Lincoln anticipated the fuller telegraphic news, which was published on the morning of our national holiday by issuing the following bulletin-. " The President of the United States announces to the country, that the news from the army of the Potomac, up to ten p. M. of the third, is such as to cover the army with the highest honor, — to promise great success to the cause of the Union, — and to claim the condolence of all for the many gallant fallen ; and that for this, he especially desires that on this day, * He whose will, not ours, should be done,' be everywhere remembered, and reverenced with the pro- foundest gratitude." A few weeks had effected a complete change in the con- dition of affairs. In a little more than a month's time, through the numbers killed, wounded, or taken prisoners, over eighty thousand men were lost to the rebel armies. Our losses had been heavy, but the substantial victories gained, inspirited the whole nation, and revived public confidence at home and abroad in the ultimate success of the Union cause. President Lincoln, in view of the recent events, which reflected such lustre upon our arms, appointed August sixth as a day for national thanksgiving, praise, and prayer. PROCLAMATIONS OF LINCOLN AND DAVIS. 95 inviting " the people of the United States to assemble on that occasion in their customary places of worship, and in the forms approved by their own conscience, render the homage due to the Divine Majesty for the wonderful things He has done in the nation's behalf, and invoke the influence of his Holy Spirit to subdue the anger which has produced, and so long sustained a needless and cruel re- bellion ; and to change the hearts of the insurgents, to guide the counsels of the government with wisdom adequate to so great a national emergency, and to visit with tender care and consolation throughout the length and breadth of our land, all those who, through the vicissitudes of marches, voyages, battles, and sieges, have been brought to suffer in mind, body, or estate, and family ; to lead the whole nation, through paths of repentance, and submission to the Divine Will, back to the perfect enjoyment of Union and fraternal peace." About the same time appeared the following, from the rebel authorities, which shows how the recent successes by our armies affected them : " Now, therefore, I, Jefferson Davis, President of the Confederate States of America, do by virtue of the powers vested in me as aforesaid, call out and place in the military service of the Confederate States, all tvliite men, residents of said States, between the ages of eighteen and forty-five years, and not legally exempted from military service ; and I do hereby order and direct that all persons subject to this call, and not now in the military ser- vice, do upon being enrolled, forthwith repair to the con- script camp established in the respective States of which they may be residents, under pain of being held and pun- ished as deserters, in the event of their failure to obey this call, as provided in said laws." This was decidedly a short metre process, as compared with our enrollment system, of which we have yet to speak. 96 THE NORWICH MEMORIAL. It was coercive to an extent, that only the desperate straits to which the rebels were reduced, can explain. Little else was left a white citizen in the South to do, but to consult the family register, ascertain whether he was of the unfor- tunate age, if so, to kiss his wife, and, with a supply of corn- cake sufficient to last him on his compulsory journey, " re- pair to the conscript camp." This conscription bill of the Confederate Congress was passed in March, 1862. Nearly a year later. Senator Wil- son, Chairman of the Military Committee in the United States, reported a bill for the enrollment of all able-bodied citizens, between the ages of eighteen and forty-five years, black or white, making them liable to military duty at the call of the President. All drafted persons were allowed to furnish an acceptable substitute, or on payment of three hundred dollars be discharged from liability to mihtary ser- vice. Upon the passage by Congress of this every-way reason- able act, in which provision was made for exempting those whom it would be unjust or needlessly severe to subject to mihtary duty, the President appointed Acting Assistant Provost-marshals-general for each State, and Provost-mar- shals for each Congressional District. The bill divided the national forces into two general classes. The first comprised all persons subject to do mili- tary duty, between the ages of twenty and thirty five ; all unmarried persons above the age of thirty-five, and under the age of forty-five. These classes, by the enrolling offi- cers were kept separate, and in the Adjutants' reports are divided, as if distinct. The second general class comprised all other persons liable to do military duty ; and these last were not to be called out until those first subject to duty had been called into service. On July first, 1863, it was ordered by the War Depart- THE DRAFT AND ITS RESULTS. 9/ ment, that draft should be made from the enrolled militia of the first class, and fifty per centum in addition to the quota called for should be drafted to cover exemptions. The enrollment for this (the Third) District, showed that there were in First Class, 7,848 ; Second Class, 4,052 ; Third Class, 3,763 ; total, 15,663. Captain I. H. Bromley was appointed Provost-marshal. The enrolling officers under him, for Norwich, were Benjamin M. Leavens and Joseph T. Thurston. The quota of the State was fixed at seven thousand six hundred and ninety-two (7,692), the total number to be drafted (being the quota and an addi- tional fifty per centum), eleven thousand five hundred and thirty-nine (11,539). The quota of the District was fifteen hundred and sixty-nine, which, with addition prescribed, amounted to two thousand three hundred and fifty-four. There was great opposition to the draft in many parts of the country, culminating in terrible mobs in New York, Boston, and other cities. The riot in New York was one of unprecedented bold- ness and barbarity, and raged from July thirteenth through the three succeeding days. The most revolting feature was the uniform maltreatment to which the harmless, affrighted colored people of the city were subjected. This outburst of ruffianism, thoroughly wicked and unjustifiable, origi- nated in the sympathy there was with the rebels, and was aided by the public utterances of men of doubtful loyalty, " who detested every form of coercion, save the coercion of the Republic by the rebels." The rioters were effectually put down, when the absent troops could be called in, and the blandly saluted " friends " of Governor Seymour were taught, to their bitter cost, that the government was not to be obstructed in the measures it legally adopted for the sup- pression of the rebellion. There were threats of similar vio- lence in Connecticut, and secret meetings of the so-called 98 THE NORWICH MEMORIAL. " peace men " were held in various parts of the State. It was widely declared that they were organizing to resist what they called " conscription," and that an assault would be made upon the Provost-marshals' offices for the purpose of destroying the boxes, and preventing the draft. Governor Buckingham, however, showed no disposition to deal leni- ently with these domestic traitors, and promptly called for two battalions of volunteer infantry. The immediate ap- pearance of these, with a determination to put down any form of opposition to the measures of the National Execu- tive, had a wholesome effect, and the rampant peace men became quiescent. Norwich maintained its loyalty by mani- festing a desire to help on rather than retard the execution of the law. And yet there were signs of opposition, and secret threats of violence, that led many of our citizens to appre- hend trouble. On the day fixed for the drafting to take place, a vague undefined fear seemed to pervade the com- munity, without any very clear grounds for it. Some of our people went to the meeting prepared for an outbreak ; but fortunately for the good name of the town, and to the honor of the citizens, there was not the slightest indication of dis- order, nor any appearance of violent opposition to those who had the matter of drafting in charge. The utmost good- nature prevailed, and the factiously disposed, if there were any, submitted with excellent grace, and belied not the name of " peace-men," by which they were generally called. The drafted took their lot with cheerfulness, and those who es- ' caped were congratulated on the propitious fate which spared them the hardships of compulsory soldiering, or its expensive equivalents. Undoubtedly there was in our town, as more or less throughout the State, a bitter feeling of opposition to the " Conscription Act ; " but with us it had little influ- ence or character. Here, as elsewhere, this latent hostility to the means LOYAL LEAGUE ORGANIZED. 99 necessarily resorted to in order to put down the rebellion, led the most earnest and patriotic of our citizens to form a branch " Loyal League." A meeting was held in Treadway Hall, March twenty-seventh, to organize, and there it was voted to accept the pledge which had been adopted in the " League " at New York. The primary object of this asso- ciation was to " bind together all loyal men of all trades and professions, in common union, to maintain the power, glory, and integrity of the nation." P. St. M. Andrews was chosen president, with a long list of vice-presidents, comprising most of our leading men ; corresponding secretary, H. H. Starkweather ; recording secretaries, John A. Sterry, Geo. H. Rogers, Chas. E. Dyer ; executive committee, J. Lloyd Greene, John L. Devotion, Benj. B. Whittemore, Amos W. Prentice, John W. Allen, H. H. Osgood, John A. Sterry. The meeting then listened to addresses, by which the flow of patriotic sentiment was kept up till a late hour. General Nye, of Nevada, being the chief speaker. Thus was started in Norwich the " League," which throughout the country held in unswerving alliance the loyal masses, and assured the government of the reliable support of the ablest of its citizens. It only imparted a new flavor to the interest and enthusiasm of this meeting, that another of a totally oppo- site character was in session at the same time in Breed Hall, where the advocates of a treacherous and dishonorable peace held forth, and boldly proclaimed that " it was time to sheathe the sword." The contrast, now that the two gatherings stand side by side in history, is one which has lost none of its suggestiveness ; the latter remains rather as one of those war pictures, in which men are presented in an attitude that now appears far from creditable to their good judgment or their patriotism. The figure such make in the history of our commonwealth is one that posterity, grateful to those who were loyal from the beginning to the 100 THE NORWICH MEMORIAL. end of our conflict, might for their sakes wish altered. The Benedict Arnold school of men failed not during our war to make almost as unfortunate exhibit, as did their more noted progenitors in our earlier struggle for national independence. The result of the draft in this District was as follows : — Drafted men accepted . . . .46 Substitutes accepted .... 346 Paid commutation ..... 232 Exempted for various reasons . . 1,463 Failed to report . . . . .267 Total, .... 2,354 In Norwich, four hundred and thirty-five were drafted, including a fair proportion of our most prominent and pa- triotic citizens. On Laurel Hill, fifteen were drafted out of an enrollment of but twenty-one. Most of those drafted, however, either were exempted, or else paid commutation, or provided substitutes, so that very few of them were per- sonally held to service. On October seventeenth, the President called for an an- ditional force of three hundred thousand men, to serve for three years, or the war. The Legislature had just added three hundred dollars to the large bounty offered by the National Government, making such inducements for volun- teering as were never held out by any nation before. The State was called on to furnish five thousand four hundred and thirty-two volunteers before the fifth day of January, or else be subjected to a draft for nearly twice that number. The quota of Norwich was two hundred and six. Our citi- zens now roused themselves to secure the requisite number of recruits, and going to work with a will, they soon found that their efforts could be made successful. In spite of a driving rain-storm, a war-meeting was held in Breed Hall, I u H- GREAT DISTRICT WAR-MEETING. lOI Tuesday morning, November seventeenth, which was fully attended. Hon. David Gallup, of Plainfield, was chosen chairman, who made a brief statement of the objects of the meeting, and urged the prompt and wise devising of meas- ures likely to insure the filling up of the quota of the dis- trict, which was eleven hundred and three. Hon. J. T. Wait then addressed the assembly with much earnestness, allud- ing to the fact, that " the exigencies of the case admitted of but two alternatives. Men must either come forward and enlist, or we must inevitably submit to a draft for double the number asked for by volunteering. When we consider our wealth and our teeming millions of population in compari- son with the resources of our fathers, we ought to humble ourselves in the dust, if we cannot come forward and fully respond to the demands of the country." H. H. Stark- weather favored a plan by which a uniform system of re- cruiting might be established in all the towns of the district. Hon. Augustus Brandagee spoke with great warmth, enu- merating what Connecticut had done hitherto, and urging increased energy and sacrifice, now that the power of the rebellion was evidently waning. Governor Buckingham spoke of the industry and dili- gence that would be necessary in all parts of the State if we wished to raise the requisite number of men, and stated that on the previous day he had received authority from the War Department to organize a regiment of colored infantry. The meeting adjourned for an afternoon session in the Town Hall, where, after stirring addresses, a county committee was appointed, with Hon. J. T. Wait at its head, " whose duty it should be to call one or more district mass meetings, and to take such other means, as a district committee, as may raise volunteers to be credited to the district." Every inducement in the way of bounties by the general govern- ment, State, and town was offered to secure enHstments. 102 THE NORWICH MEMORIAL. The United States bounty amounted to three hundred and two dollars, that of the State was three hundred, while a veteran recruit received an additional offer of one hundred dollars from the general government. This made the sol- diers' wages under this last call, equal to the best received in any branch of mechanical industry. A second war-meeting for the county was held December ninth, in Breed Hall, and continued through the afternoon and evening — Governor Buckingham presiding. Thus far recruiting had met with indifferent success. There seemed to be no lack of determination as to vigorously prosecuting the war, but the men needed for military service could not now be so easily found. Norwich was beginning to experi- ence the effect of her prompt contributions of volunteers hitherto made, while those who had not as yet offered their services, could with difficulty be spared from the positions they occupied. The war spirit of the town, however, was only the more thoroughly awakened, when confronted with this state of things. The enthusiasm produced by the turn- ing victories of the war which had occurred in mid-summer, had not spent itself All deemed it unwise to falter, now that the army of the Potomac had defeated Lee, and on the bloody field of Gettysburg proved its patient, indomitable prowess. General Grant's victory at Vicksburg, and the surrender of Port Hudson to General Banks' command, had put new heart and hope into the people, and made the pros- pects of final triumph sure. And yet, it will be recalled by many, how the work of recruiting dragged in the au- tumn days of this year of great Union victories. The novelty and romance of the war had disappeared. The people were impatient to have it ended, and in New Eng- land towns the best and most available material was already in the service. There was a commendable zeal displayed to avoid another SUCCESS OF THE RECRUITING COMMITTEES. IO3 draft, and to raise the town's quota in the more honorable and satisfactory way. The selectmen and recruiting committees were cordially supported by the citizens in their efforts to raise the required enlistments. The result was in the end most creditable to the patriotism of Norwich, for not only was its quota of two hundred and six men filled up, but fifty-four additional recruits were secured, to apply on any subsequent call which the necessities of the military service might make impera- tive. The cost to the town of these recruits was twenty- three thousand one hundred dollars ($23,100). At the town meeting, January tw^enty-sixth, 1864, to which this report was rendered, provision was made for the enlistment of yet additional men, the feeling being wellnigh unani- mous that Norwich must be kept in advance of her assigned quotas, and be thus prepared for any further demand for troops the authorities at Washington might make. At the close of the year 1863, Connecticut had furnished for the army in the field twenty-six thousand and twenty-eight (26,028) men. Of these, twenty thousand four hundred and twenty-six were for three years' service, or the war ; five thousand six hundred and two for nine months' service, and twenty-three hundred and forty for three months' service. Every demand on the State for troops had been responded to with alacrity, and there was a surplus to its credit over all calls thus far made. In this particular, Norwich main- tained her leading position, and her war-record up to this time reflected the highest honor upon those who had gone forth in her name. The Governor, in his message to the legislature at its special session in the fall of this year, thus summed up the situation of public affairs : " There are reasons why we should entertain high hope for the future. The proof of the diminished resources and power of our enemies ; the reason- 104 THE NORWICH MEMORIAL. able success which has followed the advance of our armies ; the highly prosperous condition of our national finances, hitherto unparalleled in the history of any people engaged in a protracted war ; the more just appreciation of our struggle by enlightened foreign powers, and their greater readiness to acquiesce in our right to settle internal differ- ences without their intervention ; the recent clear manifes- tations of public sentiment against a peace, which shall recognize rights forfeited by perfidy and rebellion ; the conviction deepening in the minds of all classes of intelli- gent, philanthropic, and religious men, that we are not only gaining strength and permanency to our government, but that the treachery of its professed friends has become the divinely-appointed means of promoting the cause of humanity, and the universal triumph of right and jus- tice ; — all these indications unite in urging us to renewed exertions to sustain the government, and inspire us with universal hope and confidence that we shall yet witness the execution of righteous laws over a united people throughout our undivided territory." On the whole there had been a steady gain made through this year. The Union armies, in the East and West, had achieved some signal victories ; the popular elections during the fall were an overwhelming rebuke to the disloyal factions in the North, that had sought to embarrass the government. In our own State, Governor Buckingham had been reelected by a vote decisive enough to silence the peace-party, which made the rallying cry of their campaign, " No more war." The soldiers in the field sent in their earnest and emphatic pro- tests against yielding the State to the control of those " for whom they could have only unmitigated scorn and con- tempt." It was apparent that public opinion had grown to the full stature of the proclamation of freedom, and had ac- cepted the fact that slavery must die, and the Union be REBEL VIEWS OF THE SITUATION. 105 maintained by the stern overthrow of all the forcible resist- ance which had organized itself into this obstinate rebellion. The " Richmond Examiner," of the date of December thirty-first, 1863, furnishes us the out-look presented to the rebels at this period. " To-day closes the gloomiest year of our struggle. No sanguine hope of intervention buoys up the spirit of the Confederate public as at the end of 1 86 1. No brilliant victory like that of Fredericksburg en- courages us to look forward to a speedy and successful ter- mination of the war, as in the last weeks of 1862 The Confederacy has been cut in twain along the line of the Mississippi, and our enemies are steadily pushing forward their plans for bisecting the eastern moiety. No wonder, then, that the annual advent of the reign of mud is hailed by all classes with a sense of relief, — by those who think and feel aright, as a precious season to prepare for trying another fall with our potent adversary." While the rebels were thus quietly established in the welcome mud-state, the ever-memorable year departed, carrying with it, for us, the record, not only of splendid victories, but of the grand rati- fication, and support by the people, of the edict of eman- cipation. While our foes bewailed their condition, and sought to be penitent " for sins which had occasioned their disasters," the North stood erect, hopeful, the ban- ners of its advancing armies carrying, not only the su- premacy of law, but liberty to the bondsmen. With the suppression of rebellion, now felt by all to be a certain thing, was to disappear the last vestige of our national dis- grace — American slavery. For us the year left only noblest memories, and " the advent of the reign of mud " was turned to good account by our forces, as they awaited the opening of the next campaign, flushed with victory, and full of confidence. The enrollment act, which had aroused so much opposi- I06 THE NORWICH MEMORIAL. tion, and furnished the grand theme for all disloyal orators throughout the North, was not unproductive of good results. According to the report of the Secretary of War, rendered to Congress in December, " the law has been enforced in twelve States, yielding fifty thousand soldiers, and ten mill- ions of dollars for procuring substitutes." As the result of the President's emancipation edict, " over fifty thousand colored men (in the Gulf Department), are now organized, and the number will rapidly increase as our armies advance. The freed slaves make good soldiers, are excellently dis- ciplined, and full of courage." The President concluded his annual message to Congress in December, with these words : " Our chiefest care must still be directed to the army and navy, who have thus far borne their hard parts so nobly and so well. And it may be esteemed fortunate that in giving the greatest efficiency to these indispensable arms, we do also honorably recognize the gallant men, from commander to sentinel, who compose them, and to whom, more than to others, the world must be indebted for the home of freedom disenthralled, regenerated, enlarged, and perpetuated." The nation joined with him in this deserved tribute to the men, whose courageous achievements had made the year one of progress, and had gathered about its close omens that put all in good heart, as they faced the duties and campaigns of the next (the fourth) year of the war. VII. 1864. ' Work, patriots, for the Union, Till the hour of triumph comes ! When the lusty shouts of victory Mingle with rolls of drums ; Till the shadowy clouds of Treason Have floated fore'er away, And the sunrise beams of hope and peace Tell of a brighter day." HOWELLS. THE year 1864 opened full of promise. Every indica- tion from the South pointed to a vigorous, desperate effort on the part of the rebel leaders to make amends for their recent disasters. The latter sought to bolster up their courage by anticipating the reduction of our armies, through the departure of veteran troops, whose term of service would soon expire. This idea was sedulously spread abroad by the rebel press, and it operated for a while as a stimulant of hope, and was one of the means employed to keep up the courage and confidence of the Southern people. The " Wil- mington Journal " expressed the belief of the Confederate generals, when saying, " there is a feeling abroad in the land, that the great crisis of the war, the turning point in our fate, is fast approaching." The measures introduced and the laws passed by the Confederate Congress indicated the extremity to which they were reduced. In January of this year the Congress at Richmond io8 THE NORWICH MEMORIAL. enacted a law, that each person exempted from the draft should devote himself, and the labor he controlled, to the production of provisions and supplies. These last it re- quired to be contributed for the use of the army, and be- sides the tithes called for by law, an additional tenth of all the bacon and pork produced was demanded. The sale of all these supplies for the army and families of soldiers, was provided for at designated prices by their Congress. Up to about this period, no attempt had been made to organize colored persons in regiments for military service. The conscription act had done much to abolish those bar- riers of caste which had hitherto stood in the way of the government's calling on this loyal element of our population to serve in the army. Yet, in May, 1863, when application was made to the Chief of Police in New York for escort and protection for the Fifty-fourth Regiment colored volun- teers of Massachusetts, in marching through Broadway, he responded, that they could not be protected from insult and probable assault. In less, however, than a year afterward, two New York Regiments of colored men, raised mainly through the efforts of the Loyal League, marched proudly down this same street amid the cheers of thousands of ap- plauding citizens, and of all who witnessed their departure, not one ventured the insult of even a hiss. At the special session of the Connecticut Legislature in November, 1863, a bill was passed for the enlistment and organization of colored volunteers. Massachusetts and Rhode Island had already led off in this direction, and now our own somewhat cautious, conservative State followed. The bill was bitterly denounced " as the greatest monstros- ity ever introduced into Connecticut ; " as a provision " to let loose upon the helpless South a horde of African bar- barians." The adjectives, however, of these excited oppo- nents made little impression, and the bill passed in the CALL FOR COLORED VOLUNTEERS. 109 lower House by a vote of one hundred and twenty to seventy-one ; in the Senate, by a vote of fifteen to five. This aW showed the advance of pubhc opinion, and relief was experienced, doubtless, by many nervous persons, when it was found that the world stood firm, even after these un- precedented and radical measures had been resorted to in this State, which rather bore the palm of being the steadiest in the " land of steady habits." Governor Buckingham at once issued his call for colored volunteers for the Twenty-ninth Regiment, to serve for two years, or less. The bounty offered was six hundred dollars, and the pay and uniform the same as that of other soldiers. Each one of these items had been fought over in Congress, and our own General Assembly, and it was only after long and earnest discussion, to which the logic of events sup- plied some very convincing points, that a colored soldier was put on a par with any other, and treated as a citizen, and respected for his patriotism — a patriotism which in the service he was now invited to enter, exposed him to far greater risks and sufferings than it did his more favored brothers in arms. Candidates for commissions in this regi- ment were required to pass a severe examination before a board appointed by the War Department. Norwich was represented in this regiment by David Tor- rance, Captain Company A, afterwards Lieutenant-colonel, and M. L. Leonard, First Lieutenant ; E. P. Rogers, First Lieutenant Company F ; C. H. Carpenter, First Lieutenant Company K, and not far from twenty privates. The regi- ment first joined the Ninth Army Corps, proceeding to Hilton Head and Beaufort, S. C. ; thence was ordered North into the Tenth Corps. The regiment was put into the trenches in front of Peters- burg, where it continued for a month, doing hard service, when ordered to the rear only for rest, and the replenishing I lO THE NORWICH MEMORIAL. of its wardrobe. After a few days' quiet, it was again in motion, and was engaged in reconnoisances and skirmishes until November nineteenth, when it was station^:! for gar- rison duty in certain detached forts on the New Market road, which were considered of great importance. In March, 1865, the Twenty-ninth was ordered to Fort Harri- son, and appointed to watch the enemy's movements in its immediate front. On Saturday, April second, it witnessed the last rebel parade, and early the next day led in the ad- vance on Richmond, Companies G and C, without doubt, entering the city before any other Union troops. The ser- vice it was from the first called to render was a tribute to its valor and efficiency. Lieutenant-colonel Torrance, who was himself a capable and bold officer, has set forth in his report some of the trials of the regiment, wherein he claims for it the highest merit. " The poor rights of a soldier were denied to its members. Their actions were narrowly watched, and the slightest faults severely commented upon. In spite of all this, the negro soldier fought willingly and bravely; and with his rifle alone he has vindicated his manhood, and stands to-day as second in bravery to none." Such were the words in which Colonel Torrance bore his testimony to what he knew from his own experience. In the Thirtieth Regiment, also colored volunteers, Nor- wich had as officers. First Lieutenants, Albert Latham, George Greenman (afterwards promoted Captain), De Laroo Wilson, Quartermaster, and about thirty privates. It was never filled to its maximum, four companies only being com- pleted and organized. These were finally consolidated into the Thirty-first U. S. C. T. The regiment had a good record, and served with credit in many a hard engage- ment. CORPS D'AFRIQUE. GRANT'S NEW COMMISSION. Ill General Banks had, prior to this time, directed the re- cruitment of a Corps d'Afrique in his department, which was the earhest successful effort of the kind. In the First Regiment of this corps, Norwich had George R. Case, who was commissioned as Lieutenant, and rose to be Captain. He is said to have been the first Northern man to accept position as a line officer in a colored regiment. C. W. Con- verse was commissioned as Lieutenant in the Third Regi- ment of the same corps, and B. B. Blackman and Jesse Wilkinson were appointed to a Captaincy in the Forty-third Regiment U. S. C. T. On the first of February of this year, the President mod- ified his call of October, 1863, increasing the number of men asked for from three hundred thousand to five hundred thousand. The quota of the district was eighteen hundred and forty-three men ; that of the town three hundred and twenty-nine. The latter, through surplus enlistments al- ready credited, had but comparatively few more to furnish, and promptly met tljis apportionment. On March ninth. President Lincoln presented to General Grant his commission as Lieutenant-general. The cere- mony took place in the Cabinet Chamber, in the presence of many distinguished personages. On General Grant's entrance into the room, Mr. Lincoln rose and addressed him thus : — " General Grant : The nation's appreciation of what you have done, and its reliance upon you for what there remains to do in the existing great struggle, are now presented with this commis- sion of a Lieutenant-general in the Army of the United States. With this high honor devolves upon you also a corresponding re- sponsibility. As the country herein trusts you, so under God it will sustain you. I scarcely need to add^ that with what I have spoken for the nation goes my own hearty personal concurrence." 112 THE NORWICH MEMORIAL. To which General Grant responded : — ''Mr. Pre-Sident : I accept this high commission with gratitude for the high honor conferred. With the aid of the noble armies that have fought on so many fields for our common country, it will be my earnest endeavor not to disappoint your expectations. I feel the full weight of the responsibilities now devolving on me, and 1 know that if they are met, it will be due to those armies, and above all, to the favor of that Providence which leads both nations and men." This appointment was made in accordance with an act of Congress creating the office of Lieutenant-general, and cor- dially approved by President Lincoln, he nominating Gen- eral Grant for the position, and the Senate promptly con- firming the nomination. On March seventeenth. General Grant assumed command of the Armies of the United States, and after a brief time spent in massing his troops, appointing new army corps commanders, the long-antici- pated spring campaign opened. Henceforth there was unity of purpose, each army cooperating and acting under one supreme far-seeing leader, and among the tried and devoted generals under Grant, there were no rivalries or mean jealousies. " Where the first blow will fall," said the " Richmond Examiner," " when the two armies of North- ern Virginia will meet each other face to face ; how Grant will try to hold his own against the master-spirit Lee, we cannot even surmise." The fighting was of unparalleled severity, and our advance was against great odds, but re- sistless. On July eighteenth, Mr. Lincoln issued his proclamation for five hundred thousand more troops. The general ad- vance of all our armies, and the sanguinary campaign which General Grant had opened, and was pushing with such a steady resistless determination, made it imperative on the THE WILDERNESS BATTLES. NEW CALL FOR TROOPS. I I 3 government to keep the ranks full. The last grapple with the forces of rebellion had begun, and on the part of the new Commanding General there was an inflexible purpose to fight it through on the line on which he had begun. The call for troops was felt by all to be warranted by the military situation, and the public mind shared in the excitement which the splendid fighting along our eastern battle front had occasioned. Those wilderness engagements, among the most terrific and deadly struggles in the history of warfare, had stirred the whole nation. The stubborn strength of the Confederacy never showed itself so impressively as when it slowly gave way before the persistent onset of the reen- forced Potomac Army hurled with crushing power upon the rebel force under Lee. The quota of the district under this last call was sixteen hundred and one, and that of the town two hundred and seventy-three. At a town meeting held August twenty- third, it was unanimously voted — " That the Selectmen of this town be and they are hereby au- thorized and instructed to employ persons to aid them in filling the quota of this town, under the last call of the President for volunteers, and to draw orders on the town treasurer for the pay- ment of expenses." The resurrection of the peace-men, and the discussions their plans gave rise to, had affected Norwich but little. Our citizens were never to any large extent equivocal in their support of the government, and now that the sternest fight- ing of the war was going on, they took hold heartily to see that the demands upon the town, in the way of recruits for the advancing armies, were complied with. Norwich again succeeded in raising the quota, and the draft, which was to be the alternative, was made unneces- sary. The assignment to the entire State was more than 114 THE NORWICH MEMORIAL. met, SO that there was a credit to the latter large enough to release from any apportionment under the final call for three hundred thousand troops. It is but just to say that a large number of the substitutes furnished by those liable to be drafted, were not Connecticut residents, so that the disgrace attaching to the conduct of many of them does not belong to citizens of the State. The inducements held out for sub- stitutes created a professional class under that name ; who, attracted by the bounties, found their way into Connecticut, and were mustered into service from the State, reflecting, in many instances, by their cowardice and unmilitary bear- ing, anything but honor on the Commonwealth. How far Norwich was open to the impeachment of being affected by " the reckless quota-filling madness " that had become so rife, can hardly be determined. Her Selectmen and War Committee sought to secure only worthy men, and few, if any, conspicuous instances of their furnish- ing any others are now on record. The Provost-mar- shal, Captain I. H. Bromley, and his successor, Captain Theodore C. Kibbe, both did what they could to keep up the morale of the latest recruits provided by the town. The former, on resigning his office, hinted, in his characteristic vein, at some of the perplexities of the position, in the fol- lowing pithy lines : " The retiring officer has had the satis- faction of knowing, that in the discharge of duties eminently calculated to ' make everybody hate you,' he has met with the most cheering success. Without a pang of regret, he bids an official but affectionate adieu to the gentlemanly substitute-brokers, who have always ' two or three first-rate men, of good moral character,' they want to get in ; to the patriotic selectmen and town agents, who would ' like to look over the lists, to see if James Henry Alexander's name is down ; ' to the short-haired substitutes with a complica- tion of diseases, ' who swear they are tough enough to stand EXTENSION OF ELECTIVE FRANCHISE TO SOLDIERS. 115 marching and fighting ; ' to the timid young gentlemen from the rural districts, who have ' the rheumatism very bad in wet weather,' and have never been well since the war broke out ; to the anxious parties who have for the past three or four weeks waylaid him in the streets, and opened their at- tack with a dreadful series of ' sposens ; ' to the aliens from Ireland, and the aliens from Germany, and the aliens who would be willing to swear they were aliens ; to the mild- mannered men who ' couldn't understand it ; ' and those rough-spoken people ' who knew all about it ; ' to those, and to all of them, he bids a fond and affectionate farewell. He presumes they are all pleased with the change. He cer- tainly is." In the spring session of the General Assembly, the con- stitutional amendment providing for the extension of the elective franchise to the soldiers was passed. The amend- ment was in August following submitted to popular vote, and ratified by a large majority. New London County en- dorsed the measure by the emphatic vote of twenty-eight hundred and eight, to eleven hundred and eight, and the town vote of Norwich was equally pronounced in favor of this just and patriotic measure, standing seven hundred and fifty-three, to one hundred and fifty-six. Governor Buck- ingham had tersely presented the subject in his message, declaring, " that freemen who sustain and protect a govern- ment, by baring their bosoms to the deadly shafts of its enemies, should have an opportunity to express an opinion in respect to its policy, and the character and qualifications of its officers." Of course, a bitter opposition was made to the project, and all sorts of direful calamities prophesied in consequence of allowing the soldiers the right of suffrage. It was well added by one of the newspapers of the State, " Perhaps we are prejudiced, but it seems to us that a man who does nothing worse than shed his blood for the old flag. ii6 THE NORWICH MEMORIAL. ought not, for so small an offense as that, to be disfranchised like a common thief" To the excitement which had been produced by the un- paralleled fighting kept up with a coolness and nerve which showed that a man of iron will was in command, was now superadded that occasioned by a vigorous and unusually bitter election campaign. Americans seem unable to live without the spice and venom of an occasional political con- test, in which men turn into pepper-cruets, and the whole country becomes involved in a sort of domestic wrangle. To have one precipitated on the country at this juncture of affairs, was extremely unfortunate. There was little time or strength that could be spared for the ordinary tactics of such an important political election, as this one approaching undoubtedly was. Still the gravity of the interests involved made it necessary to act with wisdom and firmness, and the re-appearance of the, to loyal citizens, ever-provoking " peace-men," put a new earnestness into those who had at heart the success of the government in its yet pending conflict. Fortunately all the attempted peace projects proved abor- tive, and the battle at the polls was decisively fought out in November of this year, resulting in the overwhelming re- election of Mr. Lincoln. Norwich stood true to the Union cause, giving a majority of nearly three hundred. The President, in his message to the thirty-eighth Con- gress, alluded in these words to the issues thus settled by the suffrages of the people : " Judging by the recent can- vass and its result, the purpose of the people within the loyal States to maintain the integrity of the Union, was never more firm, nor more nearly unanimous than now. The extraordinary calmness and good order with which the millions of voters met, and mingled at the polls, give strong assurance of this. Not only all those who supported the THE PRESIDENTIAL ELECTION. HJ Union ticket, so called, but a great majority of the opposing party also, may be fairly claimed to entertain, and to be ac- tuated by, the same purpose. It is an unanswerable argu- ment to this effect, that no candidate for any office whatever, high or low, has ventured to seek votes on the avowal that he was for giving up the Union. There have been much impugning of motives, and much heated controversy as to the proper means and best mode of advancing the Union cause ; but, on the distinct issue of Union or no Union, the politicians have shown their instinctive knowledge that there is no diversity among the people. In affording the people the fair opportunity of showing to one another, and to the world, this firmness, and unanimity of purpose, the election has been of vast value to the national cause." Throughout the canvass Mr. Lincoln had sought to dis- guise not the fact that the war was for Liberty and Union. At this time he stated there were nearly two hundred thousand colored men under arms. " There are men base enough to propose to me to return to slavery our black warriors of Port Hudson and Olustee. Should I do so," said he, with indignation glowing in every feature of his sad resolute face, " I should deserve to be damned in time and eternity. Come what may, I will keep faith with the black man." We have spoken of the encouragement the rebels took in looking forward to this year's campaign, founded on the anticipated depletion of our armies through the expiration of the term of service for which large numbers were en- listed. This was holding Northern patriotism at a low rate, and miscalculated the purpose of these very soldiers to " see the war through." Provost-marshal-general Fry returned figures that must have surprised those who had thus pre- dicted a thinning out of our ranks. From May first, 1863, to January first, 1864, according to his report, our army was reenforced with forty thousand men from the draft. Up to ii8 THE NORWICH MEMORIAL. February of this year, two hundred and sixty-eight thousand volunteers were enlisted, one hundred thousand veterans re- enlisted, and twenty-five thousand men organized into an invalid corps, releasing that number of able-bodied men from camp and garrison duty, for the more iriiportant ser- vice in the field. The veteran reenlistments, which kept up the strength and character of the Connecticut Regiments in the field, amounted during the year to three thousand six hundred and forty-seven. These were secured through recruiting agents sent to the various organizations, with authority to offer the veteran's bounty of seven hundred and two dol- lars, and a furlough. The continuance in the ranks of those who had come to understand somewhat of the art of war, was a proof of their patriotism, adding immensely to the effectiveness of the forces in the service of the government. The regiments in this way kept up the high repute which had gained for them a particular celebrity, and made them justly proud of the position they had attained. Colonel Selden and Captain Gallup were detailed by the Governor to visit the Connecticut Regiments in and about New Or- leans for this purpose, where they succeeded in reenlisting a large proportion of those hitherto connected with them. On the return of these veteran regiments to the State for their promised furlough, they were received with overwhelm- ing demonstrations of rejoicing and affection. Public re- ceptions were awarded them, and welcoming addresses from prominent citizens, only voiced the popular admiration for these heroes of many a hard fought fight. They were greeted with an enthusiasm, which the fact that they were home for a brief respite, only served to deepen. Our people had become accustomed to exhibitions of popular feeling on witnessing departing regiments ; but it was a new expe- rience this of welcomins; home those whose tattered ban- RECEPTION OF FURLOUGHED REGIMENTS. 119 ners and bronzed faces told the pathetic story of their suf- ferings and achievements. " I saw the soldiers come to-day From battle-fields afar ; No conqueror rode before their way On his triumphal car ; But captains like themselves on foot, And banners sadly torn ; All grandly eloquent, though mute, In pride and glory borne." The Governor, in paying a well-deserved tribute to the veterans of the renowned Thirteenth, gave expression to the feelings of all patriot hearts, when he said, " Let me tell you that so long as this heart beats, it will beat with love and gratitude for the men who have offered themselves as a bulwark to the nation. We know the dangers which you have braved have not dampened your ardor, nor quenched your patriotism Those at home appreciate your ser- vices and your devotion." There was something truly grand in the popular enthusiasm these regiments awakened in the people, and on returning to take part in what was felt to be the death-grapple with the rebellion, they were strengthened anew for their sacrificial service by the benediction of their fellow-citizens, and the grasp of loving hands. Norwich had a share in the welcome extended to these furloughed regiments. On March twenty-ninth, the Eight- eenth, mustering about six hundred strong, under Major Peale, came home for a short visit. In consequence of de- lay at New York, it did not reach the city till near midnight, but even at that unseasonable hour was warmly received by the waiting crowd, and having been escorted to the hall, where a bountiful collation had been provided, was formally welcomed by Mayor Greene. The regiment had seen hard service, and borne with steadfast courage the reverses that I20 THE NORWICH MEMORIAL. had attended our arms in the Shenandoah Valley. The casualties of battle had thinned its ranks, and many of its members were still in prison ; but this only added to the interest with which our citizens regarded the splendid regi- ment they had sent out amid such proud rejoicings, two years before. The city had watched with deepest solicitude its varying fortunes, and when it took its departure for the field again, it was greeted with every expression of the people's good-will. Halting before the residence of the Governor, the latter made a short address, congratulating Major Peale on the good service which the regiment had rendered while under his command, and expressing the hope that the imprisoned officers might soon rejoin their comrades, and share in the conflicts that awaited them. Norwich had given to the war its best blood, and while many a brave citizen was brought back for the last rites of sepulture, this was the only returning regiment it had been permitted publicly to welcome. It was with special grati- tude too, and joy, that it greeted the return of many officers and privates, who held honored positions in the veteran regiments Hartford and New Haven had publicly received. All our citizens could join in the words addressed by one of the speakers to these furloughed veterans : " We hoped for great things from you, and I proclaim before you, that our hopes have not been disappointed. We are proud of you." The year closed with a most decided gain on the part of the Union Armies. Grant's campaign had been the most sanguinary of any thus far, but it had accomplished in the main his end. He aimed to overpower and crush by sheer force the rebel army, and he had effectually done it. He had forced it back, at great cost of life 'tis true, and made it take the position of an army defending the rebel capital. The power of the Confederates never received such damag- RESULTS OF THE YEAR'S CAMPAIGN. 121 ing blows, as in this campaign, which began on the Rapi- dan, and ended in front of Petersburg, and across the Weldon Railroad. Some idea of what our armies accomplished in the last ten months of the campaign, will throw some light on the losses of the rebels : — Guns captured, three hundred and fifty-four. Total number of prisoners taken, forty-four thousand nine hundred and seventy-three. Rebel generals put hors du combat, twenty-five, not in- cluding those wounded in connection with Lee's army. " Our late reverses have done much towards preparing our people for extreme sacrifices," said the " Richmond Sentinel," indicating the despair that had settled upon the Confederate leaders. At the close of 1864, there was no longer any doubt of the speedy and successful issue of the war. The year had been one of hard fighting, but of great material successes. Norwich had lost some brave oflficers in the Virginia campaign, and the regiments of the State had held advanced positions in the Potomac Army, suffer- ing in consequence quite severely. The year, however, de- parted, leaving all full of hope, and the signs of the long prayed for termination seemed at hand. VIII. I86I-I865. THE whole number of men furnished by Connecticut during the war, for the service of the United States, for the several terms of service, of all arms, and inclusive of army and navy, was fifty-four thousand eight hundred and eighty-two. The following is the summary, according to careful count of the rosters of the various regiments and organizations, and represents the actual number of men in service from the State. Three MontJis Service. Three Regiments, Infantry, Nine MontJis Service. 2,402 137 One (Third) Independent Battery, Light Artillery, Six Regiments Infantry (22d, 23d, 25th, 26th, 27th, 28th), 5,602 Three Years Service. One ( I St) Squadron of Cavalry, .... 166 One ( I St) Regiment of Cavalry, .... 2,611 Two (ist and 2d) Regiments Heavy Artillery, . 6,086 Two (ist and 2d) Batteries, Light Artillery, . . 516 Seventeen Regiments Infantry (5th, 6th, 7th, 8th, 9th, loth, nth, i2th, 13th, 14th, 15th, i6th, 17th, 1 8th, 19th, 20th, 2 1st), .... 23,727 CONNECTICUT'S CONTRIBUTION TO UNION ARMIES. 1 23 Tivo Years Service, or less. Two Regiments Infantry, C. T. (29th and 30th), . 1,690 Veterans. Reenlistment in the field, . . . 3,647 Volunteer enlistments in the United States Navy, . 2,135 Enlistments in United States Army and Veteran Reserve Corps, ...... 1,044 Recruits obtained in Rebel States, . . . .1,156 Substitutes, for enrolled men, not drafted, . . 3,849 Substitutes, for drafted men (of draft of 1864), . 89 Drafted men (by draft of 1864), . . . 15 Total, 54.872 Reducing the above credits to the standard of three years, the account of the State stands (taking Adjutant-general Morse's figures) thus, not including the three months' men. Nine Months' Men, One Year Men, Two Years' Men, Three Years' Men, Four Years' Men, Not known. 5,602 529 25 44,142 26 1,804 Total, Equal to 1,400 176 16 44,142 34 1,804 47.572 Of the enlisted men connected with the various regi- ments and organizations, one thousand and eighty-four (1,084) were killed. ' Six hundred and eighty-three (683) died from wounds. Three thousand and eighty-nine (3,089) died from disease. Three hundred and eighty-nine (389) were reported as missing. Five thousand four hundred and fifty-one (5,451) were honorably discharged prior to the mustering of the regiments with which connected. Four thousand three hundred and sixty-one (4,361) were dis- 124 THE NORWICH MEMORIAL. charged for disability. Forty-nine were dishonorably dis- charged. Fourteen hundred and eighty-eight (1,488) were transferred to Veteran Reserve Corps. Twenty-seven (27) were executed. Six thousand two hundred and eighty-one (6,281) deserted. Thirty-five (35) were drowned. Nineteen (19) were taken out of their regiments by civil authority. Fifty-six (56) were dropped from the rolls. From these statistics, it appears that one thousand three hundred and twenty-three (1,323) more men died of disease, than were killed or died from effects of wounds received. The whole number of commissioned officers furnished by Connecticut during the war was nineteen hundred and sixty-two (1,962), of whom, eighty-four (84) were killed, forty-two (42) died in consequence of wounds received while in the service, and seventy-nine (79) died from disease. m X X w < re < o S 'o ^ (K ^ ° ^ 1 00 C^ 1/1 000 n " CQ 1 00 000 ® 1 IC ?, s. r^ CO t^ 00 "• 00 000 '^ PI CO 000 m OS M 'I- * t^ W CO M 00 so OS CI 1 sO SO 00 « 1 " * ? In ■* 1 1 S 00 •s ' 1 , 8 - 1 , , s OS Q 3 ' 01 ^ S 1 t^ sD 10 r^ fO sO ^ M m "2 °. ° t in t^ o 1 ° S R N 1 f - CO so CO rl PI sO -■ n 000 00 N 00 1 :^ r fi r-l 1 CO CO r1 N r^ Cs -^ •-. sO - ~ 000 -■ t^ t- 1 s- :r s - ~ o_ ■<^ CO -J- N N rH 1 " •)■ m PI M ir, "2^ S- S S t>« in lO )f? ]2 ^ ? 1 ' ' 1 2 * ^ m sO o sO N t^ 00 00 « r^ ro OS fi t~, q o_ s r? w 1 Si :: S' H 1 t>^ Cs PI CO - ;* 000 so 0- iH ■£> OC "1-00 M - 00 t. r^ U 5- vO ~ t^ sD OS OC ■J- PI - ►, r^ PI M q ? 2 o 1 K S S, H 1 so ■«- ? m cc PI 00 ■ q q -^ m 1 lO « so ui f, * 00 1 1 00 OS ..f 00 1 f^ 5. .3 3-0 so so ■^0 n PI so PI q q q PI ►. 1 "^ t^ c- ^ t- M t^ m n c. "2 ° ° ^ so OS OS 1 ro C- 00 CO t^ - 00 PI M r^ M .0 000 P, ^. U3 1 f^ N M - IN. , 000 2 n 03 N PI 1 1 00 PI gs ^ -II ■ " ' q ° ° r- wi - s^ - SO 000 sD t. q PI ■ili i i ^"^-fo^ J S H < H P3 Pi s (0 p^ 126 THE NORWICH MEMORIAL. Among the general officers furnished by Connecticut, numbering in all thirty, Lyon, Mansfield, and Sedgwick were killed on the field of battle. The aggregate loss to the State of commissioned officers is reckoned at two hun- dred and twenty-nine. The total number of men inclusive of unassigned recruits and substitutes, furnished by Norwich for the war, for the several lesser terms of service, of all arms, not counting those in the Navy or those enlisting in other States, was over thirteen hundred ; of these, one hundred and fifty-five (155) lost their lives, thirty-six (36) being killed in battle, one (i) was accidentally shot, thirty- one (31) died of wounds, and eighty-seven (87) of disease contracted while in ser- vice, of whom twenty-two (22) met death in rebel prisons. The whole number of commissioned officers furnished by Norwich was one hundred and fifty-five (155). This includes several who were natives of the town, but who, having removed to other parts of the country, received their appointments from other States, and also several officers in colored regiments, or in other general service, who were commissioned by the United States. The number credited to Norwich, and commissioned by the State, was about one hundred and sixteen (116), of whom thirteen (13) lost their lives, five (5) on the battle-field, five (5) died of wounds, and three (3) of disease. The whole number of men apportioned to Connecticut under the different quotas, reduced to the three years' standard, was forty-one thousand four hundred and eighty- three (41,483). The number furnished by the State, reduc- ing all the dift'crent terms of service to the three years' standard, was forty-eight thousand one hundred and eighty- one (48,181), which shows a surplus of six thousand six hundred and ninety-eight (6,698) in three years' men, with- out reference to the quota under the call of December. OFFICERS AND MEN FURNISHED BY THE TOWN. 12/ 1864. Under this last call no troops were required to be furnished by the State, as no quota was assigned by the government. It is a satisfaction to be able to record the fact that Nor- wich raised its quota under the several apportionments made by the Adjutant-general, and when the war closed, she had a surplus in her favor above the different calls made upon her, to furnish her proportion of the troops required by the General Government. In the early part of the war the town contributed from the resident population to the service of the country. The raising of volunteers was under its own management until July, 1863, up to which time through liberal bounties and the popular maintenance of the war- spirit, there was no lack of enlistments. After the above date the recruiting business was conducted by the provost- marshal of the district, and substitutes and hired recruits were largely procured to meet the call upon the town for men. Notwithstanding the largely increased expenses of the town, necessitated by the war, there was no curtailment in the usual appropriations for schools, for the poor, for gen- eral public and civic improvements. There was never a more generous spirit displayed in providing for all that re- lated to the town and city's needs, than during the years of this gigantic civil strife. The war, in fact, created for Nor- wich, as it did for other places, new business enterprises, and there was even an augmented industry which gave to these trying years the appearance of outward thrift and prosperity. City improvements were projected as in ordinary times, and the citizens, while constantly called upon to give, were able to meet, in the spirit of unquestioned liberality, all the appeals which came to them. Private and public charity received a new impulse, and all classes learned the great lesson of self-sacrificing benevolence. One of the brightest chapters of the war, is the one which contains the history of the 128 THE NORWICH MEMORIAL. Nation's offerings to general benevolent purposes. In no other way was so strikingly displayed the earnestness and ability of the people, not only to meet the military neces- sities of the conflict itself, immense as they were, but to pro- vide as they did, with marvelous and unstinted liberality, for the usual and exceptional charities of those crucial years. The city, during the war, became quite noted for its armo- ries. These were very extensive, and for the time added largely to the industrial enterprise and growth of the town. A writer in "Harpers' Magazine" in 1864, describing the activity displayed in this line, thus wrote concerning what was doino- in this branch of labor : — " We bid the reader to Norwich, rather than to some other of the many similar enterprises which have grown up in various parts of the land, because the works there, are of all others, the first in the magnitude of their operation, and in the assurance of perpet- uity, when minor establishments may, and no doubt will, pass with the passing of the necessity which has called them into existence. "The ease and celerity with which the capitalists and artisans of Norwich, and of so many other places, have at a moment's call, turned from their looms and their spindles of a life-time, to so untried, so intricate, and so difficult a lot as that of the manufac- ture of arms, is scarcely less astonishing, than is the wonderful success which has followed their efforts. " That the national works, as those at Springfield, should be, as they have been, trebled even in extent, as soon as the enlarge- ment was required, is highly creditable to the public capacity and energy ; but how much more commendable and gratifying is it, that such an enterprise — guaranteed in its result and reward by the treasury of a great nation — has been in a degree more than rivaled by individual etTort, and that effort made boldly in the dark, almost without precedent, and in a new and most difficult labor. *' The capacity of the Norwich Arms Company is greater than was that of the government foundries at Springfield, before their extensive enlargement at the commencement of the war, and is INDUSTRIES CREATED BY THE WAR. 129 nearly half as great as is that of these works, now in their in- creased extent. With their present machinery and accommoda- tions, the Company are able to produce about four hundred fin- ished muskets per day, or two hundred of the Springfield arm, and as many more of the new and beautiful breach-loading rifle. Just now, as we write, the works are producing about twelve hundred muskets, three thousand bayonets, and two thousand locks, per week, besides rifles and carbines. The product of the works in their present capacity would reach a value of nearly a quarter of a million of dollars annually, in their yield of four hundred muskets or other arms daily, at the government price of twenty dollars each." In addition to this large armory, there was an equally enterprising establishment for making pistols, under the charge of Smith & Wesson, and another quite as prosper- ous, run by Allen, Thurber, & Co., besides the Bacon Arms Company, which is the only one that has continued its manufacturing in Norwich. In fact, during the war Norwich showed more thrift than ever before or since. Of course much of the business was such as the military necessities of the times had created, and could hardly be expected to be permanent, or always as remunerative. Still it is a matter of regret that some branches of industry were permitted to be removed hence, to places which they have helped to build up, and where they have proved of permanent and pecuniary advantage. Norwich, as it appeared in war-years, was indeed " a wide- awake little town, as vociferous in sounds of busy and thriving industry as any place of its size in the good old State of steady habits, or in all the thronged length and breadth of Yankeedom." Its brilliant war record, the public gifts of its citizens for patriotic and charitable purposes, the deep interest felt in the success of the war itself, and the readiness to contribute in any way to that grand result, all stand as memorials of the energy and loyal zeal of the town. IX. I86I-I865. NAVY. And is the old flag flying still, That o'er your Fathers flew, With bands of white and rosy light, And fields of starry blue ? Aye ! look aloft ! its folds full oft Have braved the roaring blast, And still shall fly when from the sky This black typhoon has past ! " O. W. Holmes. THE records of the Navy during the war will constitute one of the proudest chapters in its history. At the breaking out of the rebellion it had only ninety-four war vessels of all classes, designed to carry two thousand four hundred and fifteen (2,415) guns. Only forty-three of these ships were in commission. The deep-seated patriotism and ' .^^^^^ i^^ I I CREATION OF THE NAVY. 131 generously proffered resources of the loyal masses of the country, provided in the speediest possible time a volun- teer army equal to the demands of the unprecedented emergency. The Navy, however, had practically to be created, and this could not be done with the same rapidity. And yet in a very brief period of time, the deficiency in this arm of the service was supplied, and six hundred vessels were provided, which maintained not only an unrelaxed blockade from the Chesapeake to the Rio-Grande, but penetrated and patrolled our rivers with a flotilla of gun-boats, and captured blockade- runners, chiefly with British owners, to the value of thirty millions of dollars ($30,000,000), Over two hundred war- ships were constructed, and four hundred and eighteen merchant vessels (of which three hundred and thirteen were steamers), were conveuted into ships of war. There were fifty-one thousand five hundred men in the naval ser- vice at the close of the rebellion, as contrasted with seven thousand six hundred at the beginning. The ordnance of the department was by mechanical and inventive skill greatly improved, and the " Monitor," which rendered such timely and unexpected service, was among the products of this awakened attention to the navy. By the latter our armies were nobly supported in the engagements on the coast, and the Mississippi River, as well as at Forts Henry, Donelson, and Shiloh. There were no braver deeds performed than by officers and men in the naval service, and to them was largely due the successful termination of the war itself The loyalty of those in the navy was of the noblest type, and though there were defections on the part of officers at the beginning of the rebellion, numerous enough to occasion embarrassment and dishonor, yet the subsequent service rendered by those who remained true to the flag, reinforced by volunteer recruits, made ample atone- 132 THE NORWICH MEMORIAL. ment. It is but justice to these gallant men, and those as- sociated with and under them, to make in every possible way this public acknowledgment- Less has been written concerning the exploits of the Navy and Marine Corps, than of the volunteer armies, re- sulting from the fact, that the several States have not shown that interest in the former that they had in the regi- ments composing the latter, the roster of whose officers and men they were careful to preserve. We know not the names of those who served in the navy, but the soldiers who enlisted, the officers commissioned in the army, had their respective military records kept for them, through the Adjutant-generals of the several States, and perpetuated by means of the carefully compiled and published registers of the volunteer forces raised. When the proclamation announcing the blockade of the Southern ports was issued, the Navy Department was com- pelled to prepare for service all the public vessels which were lying dismantled at the various yards. Vessels of every kind that could be purchased, or chartered, were hur- riedly collected, divided into two squadrons, and placed along the coast. One of these two, denominated the Atlan- tic Blockading Squadron, under command of Flag-officer Charles Stringham, had for its field of operations, the entire coast, from the eastern line of Virginia to Cape Florida. The other, the Gulf Squadron, under Flag-officer William Mervine operated from Cape Florida westward to the Rio Grande. The task of blockading the coast was unattractive, and required the most unceasing vigilance, and yet was carried out with remarkable strictness, and maintained to the close of the war with increasing efficiency. The expedition to Hatteras Inlet in August, 1861, was the first of a series of naval engagements, which resulted in the reoccupation of EXPLOITS OF THE NAVY. 133 important points along the seaboard. The Atlantic Block- ading Squadron was subsequently divided into two : the North Atlantic Blockading Squadron, to guard the coast of Virginia and North Carolina, under Captain Louis M. Golds- borough ; and the South Atlantic Blockading Squadron, un- der Captain S. F. Dupont, to watch the coast from the northern boundary of South Carolina to Cape Florida. The Gulf Squadron was likewise divided into the Eastern and Western Blockading Squadrons ; the latter was as- signed to duty on the coast, from and including Pensacola to the Rio Grande, and was intrusted to Captain D. G. Farragut. In addition to these four large squadrons, it was found necessary for the navy to place a flotilla on the lower Poto- mac, and also one on the Mississippi and its tributaries. By all of these squadrons was conspicuous service ren- dered, and some of their exploits will rank among the most brilliant in the annals of naval warfare. The North At- lantic Blockading Squadron captured Hatteras Inlet, August twenty-eighth, 1861, General Butler commanding the co- operating military force. Roanoke Island was taken on February eighth, 1862, Goldsborough commanding the fleet, and General Burnside the army. Fort Fisher fell before the combined attack of this squadron under Rear-admiral Porter, January fifteenth, 1865, one of Connecticut's most brilliant soldiers. General Terry, leading the auxiliary land forces. By the South Atlantic Blockading Squadron, Port Royal was captured, November seventh, 1861, Captain Dupont in charge of the fleet, and General T. W. Sherman of the army. The West Gulf Blockading Squadron, under Farragut, bom- barded successfully in April, 1862, the forts guarding New Orleans, which led to the surrender of the city to the troops under General Butler. The defenses of Mobile Bay were 134 THE NORWICH MEMORIAL. captured August fifth, 1864, General Gordon Granger di- recting the military force. The Mississippi Squadron, under Connecticut's gallant Admiral A. H. Foot, took part in the capture of Fort Henry, February sixth, 1862 ; under C. H. Davis, secured posses- sion of Memphis, June sixth, 1862 ; under Porter, made the famous passage of the Vicksburg batteries, April sixth, 1863. These by no means exhaust the achievements of the navy, for our ships of war were everywhere managed with great skill and courage, and the squadrons, whether engaged in cruising, or in such naval battles like those named, did honor to the nation's flag. The service rendered was of a most varied character, and so effective too, as to entitle this arm to the praise and gratitude of the whole country. Had it not been for the friendly help, and unlawful cooperation Great Britain afforded to rebel privateers and blockade run- ners, as well as its peculiar affection for Confederate pirates who preyed upon our commerce in ships built in English ship-yards, and fitted out in violation of all existing inter- national law, the Confederacy would not have lasted as long as it did, nor won such infamy for its piratical deeds on the high seas. Of this England is probably now con- vinced, and the recent Geneva award is but a mild assess- ment of the damage occasioned us, for which she was proved before the world to be culpably responsible. The Confederate Navy was made up at first of officers formerly in the United States service, who at the breaking- out of the rebellion resigned, thus hoping to escape the charge, which was none the less deserved, of being traitors. At that early period, our government had not gotten over its fatal tendency to deal leniently, so that the resignations of these runaways were accepted, instead of having their names stricken in ignominy from the naval rolls they had disgraced. These were the first to oft'er themselves to the NAVAL RECORDS OF NORWICH OFFICERS. 135 Confederate Navy, and though educated, honored, and cared for by our government, in the hour of its peril, they re- nounced its service, its flag, and their fealty, to tender their service to those plotting its overthrow. To the honor of the North, it may be said, that by far the greater proportion of traitors were from border States, or else from the " sunny South." And the moiety of Northern officers that became turncoats, had lived just long enough in Dixie to have their loyalty endangered. So far as Norwich was concerned, comparatively few en- tered the navy. Though near the sea-board, and with more or less interest in this arm of the service, our volunteers preferred enlisting in the army. The State, however, had a distinguished representation in the navy, as the names of Foote, Lanman, Gregory, Rodgers, and others, abundantly show. The number of her citizens holding commissions during the war is estimated as high as three hundred. Our town stands credited with eighty-nine men, who en- listed at various times, and were mustered into the naval service of the country. Several of these received honorable appointments as commanders, paymasters, and masters of vessels. They maintained the reputation for courage and serviceableness, which those who had entered the army had won. The names of many of the naval recruits cannot now be obtained, so that the roster of those in this department must necessarily be somewhat incomplete. We are able to pre- sent only brief accounts of most of those who enlisted in the navy, and regret exceedingly that we cannot furnish a full list of all who served on any of our ships of war, and who counted on the quota of volunteers raised by the town for the national service. Once or twice during the war, eftbrts were made by the town officers to secure, through in- quiry and advertisement, the names of those who entered 136 THE NORWICH MEMORIAL. the navy, but they were unavaiHng. We subjoin as per- fect a list as it was possible to make out, believing that it is complete, so far, at least, as containing the names of those who held naval commissions. Joseph Lanman was the ranking officer in the service ol the country from this town. He was born in Norwich July eighteenth, 1811, and from personal predilections entered the navy at an early age. He received the appointment of mid- shipman, January first, 1825, and was ordered to join the frig- ate " Macedonian," of the Brazil Squadron, in 1827. In 1830, he was attached to the sloop " Peacock," of the West India Squadron. Promoted to Passed-midshipman June fourth, 183 1, he next joined the schooner " Dolphin," Pacific Squad- ron. Serving in these early years with great fidelity and skill, he rose steadily by promotion through the various grades, until attaining his present well-earned rank of Rear- admiral. His distinguished service extends over a period of forty- eight years, and is one in which the town takes a just pride. One of its own boys, he has now for nearly a half century been in the government's service, filling every position he won, with stainless honor, and has come back now to his na- tive place because reaching the age with which, according to naval rules, active service ends. An officer of wide expe- rience, acknowledged courage, and devoted patriotism, he served through the years of the late war, without having a choice as to place or duty, cheerfully obeying orders, and flying from his vessel's mast-head the flag that he helped to make respected at home and abroad. In 1848, Admiral (then Lieutenant) Lanman was compli- mented by being made the bearer of dispatches from the commanding officer of the Pacific Squadron to the authori- ties at Washington. He was assigned to special duty in 1849-51, and in 1864-65, commanded the frigate "Minne- NAVAL RECORDS OF NORWICH OFFICERS. "^17 sota," of the North Blockading Squadron. The last years of his active service were spent in command of the South Atlantic Squadron, cruising off the coast of Brazil. Some of our citizens who have watched with admiring- interest his long and honorable career, remember him when as midshipman he began his naval service. Among the episodes of this early period of his life was the following. He had been promised by one, who from the first took no ordinary interest in his course, a sword, whenever he received his first commission. The latter came to him in 1835, when he was commissioned lieutenant. His friend, not forgetful of the promise made to the youth when beginning his public life, immediately took measures to make it good, and finding what the " Regulations of the Navy " permitted, procured an officer's sword and belt, and dispatched them to him with the accompanying note : — Norwich, June 12, 1837. My dear Sir, — Not having forgotten the pleasure I promised myself some years since, on your entering the United States Navy (January first, 1825), of presenting to you a sword on your receiving a commission, I seized the earliest convenient opportu- nity after learning the fact, to procure one, which I should have presented ere this, had not my frequent absence from home, and your infrequent visits to your friends prevented. I learnt on in- quiry that I was not at liberty to indulge my taste, but must be governed by the rules and regulations of the Navy Department in the selection. Will you please accept the accompanying sword and belt, which I trust will only be used in self-defense, and in the defense of your country, and receive assurances of regard, with which I have the pleasure to be. Your friend and obedient servant, G. L. Perkins. Lieutenant Joseph Lanman, U. S. Navy. 138 THE NORWICH MEMORIAL. To this note the youthful Lieutenant replied with that courteousness of speech and manner which through all these years of service have characterized his intercourse with his fellow officers and men, as well as with those whom he met at home and abroad : — Norwich, Conn., 13 June, 1837. Dear Sir, — Your very friendly note of yesterday, together with the sword and belt, I have duly received. For these valued testi- monials of your esteem be pleased to receive my unfeigned thanks. Should our common country call me to duty in its defense, be assured, my dear sir, that the recollection of the terms of your very flattering note will inspire a confidence and zeal in the service of no ordinary cast. I need not assure you that a sword presented by a friend and fellow townsman will not be suffered to tarnish while in the possession of your Obedient servant, Joseph Lanman, U. S. Navy. Col. G. L. Perkins, Norwich. That sword is still a valued memento of a friendship yet green, and has not been more sacredly kept, than the honor and loyalty, which so long ago plighted, have now been tested by almost fifty years' service to the country. We have here the promise of the young officer, with life and its experiences before him, and its fulfillment, as seen in the completed record of the Rear-admiral, and both are mat- ters in which Norwich has no ordinary interest. Naval officers have not a choice of where, or how they shall serve, and to some, even in time of war, it falls to do duty where it is not publicly noticed, and where there is opportunity for little more than fidelity, and the patient ac- complishment of what is ordered. The second attack on Fort Fisher afforded a signal proof that the man who woidd do his duty well, whether it was of NAVAL RECORDS OF NORWICH OFFICERS. 139 a conspicuous nature or not, could bear himself with dis- tinction, where the service brought him under the more immediate notice of the people. In this great naval engagement, the most brilliant one of the whole war, Admiral (then Commodore) Lanman was selected to lead the second line in his flag-ship, " Minne- sota." The fleet and land forces on transports arrived off the fort, January thirteenth, 1865, and the next day, under cover of the guns of the former, the troops effected a landing. On the fifteenth the combined attack by land and sea was made. At nine a. m., the squadron was signaled to attack in three lines, and by eleven all the vessels were in posi- tion. Each had opened fire as it took its place in line, and the bombardment was kept up furiously all day. By three o'clock the troops were in readiness, and the signal to change the direction of the firing was given, when the guns were turned on the upper batteries away from the point where the assault was to be made. All the steam whistles were blown, when the troops and sailors and marines dashed ahead, nobly vying with each other to reach the parapet. The sailors were armed with cutlasses and pistols, and were expected to treat the fort as a vessel, and board it. They went forward promptly on the sea-side, pushing boldly up to the fort, until checked by a murderous fire of grape and canister. Notwithstanding this hot fire, officers and men in the lead rushed on ; some even reached the parapet, a larger number got as far as the ditch. While the assault on this side was stayed, Terry with his troops came up on the other side, and as the attention of the rebels was diverted, effected a lodgment in the fort, gaining two traverses. The latter are immense bomb- proofs, about sixty feet long, fifty feet wide, and twenty feet high, numbering seventeen in all. Here our men, as Porter 140 THE NORWICH MEMORIAL. in his official report says, " fought like lions," fighting their way inch by inch, chasing the rebels from traverse to tra- verse, and continuing this hand-to-hand conflict till far into the night. When the capture was signaled to the fleet, the men on the various vessels joined in making the welkin ring with their repeated and hearty cheers. Thus ended one of the most remarkable battles on record, resulting in the cap- ture of Fort Fisher, pronounced stronger than the MalakofF tower, which defied so long the combined power of England and France. Seventy-five guns, some of them superb rifle pieces of very heavy calibre, fell into our hands, with twen- ty-five hundred prisoners, including two rebel generals. It was on the whole the most decisive coiip-dc-inain of the war, brilliantly executed, and of immense practical ad- vantage. In no other engagement did the army and navy cooperate so harmoniously, while the fourteen hundred sail- ors and marines bore themselves with dauntless courage, losing three hundred and nine, in killed, wounded, and miss- ing. The forty-four vessels poured an incessant fire on the fort, delivering hot shot and shell at the rate of four a min- ute for eight hours, expending in the entire bombardment fifty thousand shell. Taking into account the character and number of the vessels, the size and calibre of their guns, and number of men, it was the greatest naval armament ever brought to- gether, and the result was the grandest ever achieved by the combined forces of army and navy. In this action Commodore Lanman detailed from his vessel two hundred and forty officers and men to join the assaulting column ; and reported, concerning those remaining, " every one performed his duty to the utmost of his ability ; the work- ing and practice of the guns could not have been better, and many excellent shots were made." He also superintended the firing of his vessels, witnessing how they were man- NORWICH OFFICERS IN THE NAVY. I4I aged during the engagement, and personally directed the force under him. It was a most fearful bombardment, and at its close Commodore Lanman's beard, hair and clothes were completely covered over with saltpetre. Admiral Porter, in his official report, thus speaks of Commodore Lanman : " Commodore Joseph Lanman was selected to lead the line, consequently he led into action. I was much pleased with the way in which he handled his ship, and fired throughout the action ; the whole affair on his part being conducted with admirable judgment and coolness. I recommend him to the consideration of the Department, as one on whom they can place the utmost reliance, place him in any position." In addition to this public notice of his bearing in this battle. Admiral Porter addressed to him the following private letter, expressing his personal appre- ciation of his gallant conduct in this engagement, and acknowledging his indebtedness to him for so efficiently seconding him in the arduous service assigned to him, the successful issue of which reflected such glory on the whole fleet. The letter is published here, after special application to Admiral Porter had been made for this liberty. He cor- dially assented to the request of the committee soliciting the favor, stating in his reply to the latter, " The compliments I paid Admiral Lanman were very sincere on my part, and well deserved on his. It aftbrds me great satisfaction to know that his fellow citizens take an interest in his reputa- tion. I think the navy generally has received very little credit for the part it took in the events which have such a bearing on our present and future happiness." 10 142 THE NORWICH MEMORIAL. ADMIRAL PORTER'S LETTER TO COMMODORE LANMAN. North Atlantic Squadron, U. S. Flag-ship "Malvern," OFF Fort Fisher, January 17, 1S65. Commodore : You will proceed to Hampton Roads with your ship, and assume charge of the vessels stationed at that point, regulating the guard vessels according to the orders heretofore issued. Your authority will extend no further than to the Magazine near Norfolk ; that, the Receiving, Ordnance, and School vessels being within the Navy Yard jurisdiction. You will also take charge of the vessels in York River, and inquire into their effi- ciency, and how they have conducted matters in my absence. Permit me to express to you on this occasion the high apprecia- tion I feel for your services in reducing this formidable work, and the gallant manner in which you with your ship have on several occasions led the fleet into action. I well appreciate all such matters. I am not one to forget them, or to lose an opportunity of bringing them before the notice of the government. I thank you at the same time for the kind personal feeling you have always displayed towards myself, and the readiness in which your ship has always been kept for any service required of you. I hope soon to see you in Hampton Roads, — from whence you will report your arrival to the Honorable the Secretary of the Navy. It may be thought desirable to keep your ship in thorough re- pair, and I think she ought to go into dock as soon as possible. Very respectfully yours, David D. Porter, Rear-admiral. To Commodore Joseph Lanman, Comd'g U. S. S. " Minticsotal''' NORWICH OFFICERS IN THE NAVY. 143 Charles C." Adams. Appointed Acting Assistant Pay- master, May 6, 1861, and ordered to the U. S. Steamer " Dawn," Commander William Chandler. She was sta- tioned on York River, Va., for blockade duty. While here, Mr. Adams had his suspicions roused concerning the loyalty of the commander. The evidence of this fact increasing, he at once preferred charges against Commander Chandler, which were sustained before a Court of Inquiry, and the officer "disgracefully dismissed from the United States Ser- vice, October 26, 1861." Mr. Adams was soon after de- tached from the "Dawn" and ordered to join the " De Soto," commanded by W. W. Walker, and doing blockade service in the West Gulf Squadron, from the S. W. Pass of the Mississippi River to the Rio Grande. The following extract from a letter written while on the " De Soto," will give an idea of the nature of the blockad- ing service. The writer, after detailing some of the hard- ships of the latter, gives the following interesting narrative : " On the morning of the eleventh (January, 1863), a large lugger was discovered inside of Vine Island, but soon disappeared. At ten A. M. she was again seen moving slowly to the eastward. At eleven a. m., Acting Master G. W. Ward, of New Haven, volun- teered to catch her. Our commander told him to take his boat and do as he pleased. At 12.30 p. m. Ward was in full chase. At 4 p. M. the lugger hove in sight, and at 6 p. m. was an- chored as a prize near our ship, and the prisoners brought on board. She has certainly proved to be a very valuable prize, as she has been the means of making valuable captures since. The day after her capture, she was fitted out and manned with a crew of twelve men, under the command of Acting Master Mar- tin, and Master's Mate Portinger, both active and enterprising young officers. They returned in eight days, having captured four boats and eight prisoners, with small arms, having also gained very valuable information in regard to vessels expected from 144 THE NORWICH MEMORIAL. Havana bound to Grand Caillou Bayou, with contraband goods. On the 19th two vessels were fitted out for an expedition to cap- ture vessels from Havana, trying to run cargoes under English colors, to the most convenient port in Louisiana, — the " Phenix " commanded by Captain Ward, the " St. Joseph" by Mr. Martin. During the 24th, Mr. Ward captured three boats and ten prison- ers ; Mr. Martin four boats and one prisoner, all armed with double guns, pistols, bowie knives, etc. ; all of which, of course, were confiscated. Nothing of material importance occurred, if we might except the taking of a few boats, and boarding one of our own men-of-war, supposing her to be an enemy, till the 27th, when a schooner was discovered to the eastward of Grand Cail- lou Bayou. We waited till she was in the position we wanted her, and at 3 p. m. gave chase. At 5 P. M. we ran alongside the schooner, making her a prize. It was a daring act, and well performed, for the vessel was expected by the troops stationed there, and a small gunboat was cruising in the neighborhood to protect her. You must bear in mind, they were close under the land, and in very shallow water. They must have been seen by the troops, and had they possessed a particle of pluck, would have annihilated our boats. She proved to be the notorious schooner "Major Barbour," from Havana, trying to get to New Orleans with a cargo of coffee, powder, salt, sulphur, leather, acids, quinine, and seventy thousand cigars, first quality. We took a number of prisoners, among them one who claims to be a Mexican vice-consul at Charleston, who has been engaged in the laudable business of shipping cargoes of coffee from Rio de Janeiro to Savannah, being on his return from the former place when captured. The cigars are good. I smoke several for you every day. Our prize leaves for the North to-day, under charge of Acting Master Ward, with her officers and prisoners. Her passengers we send by the steamer " Connecticut," now in sight." In 1863 he was ordered to join the " Conemaiigh " at Win- gaw Bay, S. C, inider Commander Real Worden. The latter being relieved on account of ill health, by Commander Shu- NORWICH OFFICERS IN THE NAVY. 1 45 feldt of Connecticut, the vessel participated in the attack on Wagner and other forts. Shufeldt and his officers and crew were complimented for their gallantry by Admiral Dahlgren, in presence of the commanding officers of the fleet. In December, 1863, he was transferred to the " Proteus" of the East Gulf Squadron, which had orders to cruise about the Bahamas and coast of Cuba, in search of the rebel priva- teer " Florida." After four years of active duty, Mr. Ad- ams was detached May 5, 1865, and on October i, 1865, resigned. " When I entered the service, I fully and uncompromisingly determined, let the result be what it might, to do all in my power to destroy the institution of slavery, and bring before the proper authority, any persons giving aid, comfort, or sympathy to the enemy. I succeeded in leading many slaves to liberty, but hap- pily for the service, there were few rebel sympathizers in the navy." Wm. a. Aiken. Commissioned Acting Assistant Pay- master, U. S. N., August 10, 1861, and shortly after ordered to the steam gunboat " Curlew," at Charlestown Navy Yard. Resigned to accept the appointment of Quartermas- ter-general of Connecticut (with rank of Brigadier-general), July 10, 1862. The following is his account of the first naval expedition of the government, in which he, together with Commander J. W. Bentley, arid other Norwich men participated. " Our first port of destination was New York. Soon after ar- rival there the vessel was ordered in pursuit of the steamer which had just previously started for Europe, with the rebel commis- sioners, Mason and Slidel on board. '' The cruise was ineffectual. We next put into Hampton Roads, and for some days awaited the arrival, one by one, of the fleet of war vessels and transports, intended for an expedition against the Southern Coast, at some point then unknown. 146 THE NORWICH MEMORIAL. "The mystery of our destination added spice to the excitement of preparation. " The daily arrival of frigates, sloops of war, gunboats and steam transports filled with troops, made our season of delay one of cumulative interest. The desire to get right down to the busi- ness of real war, however, made all impatient of detention. ''On Tuesday, October 29th, 1861, at 5.30 a. m., the signal gun was fired from the flag ship " Wabash," and the fleet got under way, bound no one knew where, except the powers in com- mand, until revealed by the opening of the sealed orders given to every commander of a vessel. These orders indicated Port Royal, S. C, as the objective point. " The fleet encountered a severe gale a little south of Hatteras, which scattered the vessels and caused much solicitude on the part of the officers for the safety of the smaller vessels of the squadron. " On Monday, November 4th, six days out, Port Royal was sighted. During the day most of the fleet arrived ; the effects of the gale being quite perceptible on several of them. " At 3.35 p. M., the advance shoreward commenced. Some of the vessels of heavy draft struck upon the bar at the harbor entrance and remained fast for some time ; none, however, receiv- ing serious damage. " About 5 o'clock p. M., four rebel steamers hove in sight from the arm of the sea behind the island bordering the coast. They advanced within long range of our gunboats, which now occupied positions a mile nearer shore than the transports. For half an hour shots were actively exchanged without serious effect, when the rebel gunboats retired. " The night was quiet. At sunrise next morning the rebel gunboats put in a second appearance. The gunboats "Ottawa," " Seneca," and " Curlew," advanced to meet them. About two hours were passed in active practice at long range. Before the skirmish was concluded we got within range of the heavy guns of the forts on Hilton Head and Bay Point, the former command- ing the entrance to the port from the south^ the latter from the NORWICH OFFICERS IN THE NAVY. 147 north. As nothing was to be gained by a further advance until preparations were completed for the general attack, our gun- boats returned to the squadron. " Wednesday, November 6th, was passed in active prepara- tions for the event which all were awaiting with impatience. On the following morning about niile o'clock the signal 'up anchor' was hoisted, and all were soon under way to take position in line of battle. The squadron was divided into two parallel sections in the advance. To the Paymaster was assigned the duties of signal officer, together with that of noting the current incidents of the action as a basis for the official report. At 10 a. m. the engagement was opened from the guns of Fort Walker, Hilton Head, followed instantly by the fort on Bay Point opposite. The flagship promptly responded, and each vessel as it moved within range took up the strain. As we advanced, the rebel steamers, now increased in number to eight, retired. " For about an hour and a half, during which time the squad- ron was slowly moving towards the forts, an incessant fire was kept up on both sides, the ponderous missiles filling the air with that direful screech which tries the nerves more than the deafen- ing roar of the heaviest ordnance. " From eleven a. m. to about one p. m. the squadron moved in a circle or ellipse, alternately engaging at close range Bay Point, then Hilton Head. " Notwithstanding the effect of the tremendous hail of iron descending upon the devoted forts, they replied with wonderful activity. At half past one their fire began to slacken. The gunboats then took position very close to Fort Walker, pouring into it a hot flanking fire. At about two o'clock the batteries ceased firing and the occupying troops could be seen moving in disorderly retreat into the country on the 'double quick.' " At about three o'clock the line of battle which had been broken up during the engagement, was again formed above the forts, and the squadron moved slowly down abreast of them. " When opposite, ' All hands on deck ! ' was called, and officers and men sent up ringing cheers for the victory. 148 THE NORWICH MEMORIAL. " Within fifteen minutes the Stars and Stripes replaced the stars and bars on the flagstaff of Fort AValker. " Letters, captured in the forts, indicated that the intended destination of the expedition had been fully known by the rebels and that they felt confident of their ability to repel any attack. " The great fleet of transports,-containing the army of occupa- tion, being signaled to advance, now came up, and the spectacle became exciting beyond description as the thousands of men covering their decks rent the air with their enthusiastic cheers. " Thus ended the first naval engagement of magnitude during the war." John W. Bentlev, was commissioned May 24, 1861, as First Acting Master in the volunteer navy, and ordered to join the U. S. S. " Wabash." In October fol- lowing he was transferred to the steam sloop " Pawnee," which was one of the vessels in Admiral Dupont's Squad- ron, engaged in the cayture of Port Royal, S. C. In August 1862 he joined the steamer "Connecticut," on which he served, until ordered to the steamer " Shenandoah," June, 1863. Promoted Commander, March, 1864, he was assigned to the steamer " Banshee," and was preparing to put to sea> when he was taken sick and died at his residence in this city. May 27, 1864. Warrington D. Roath, was appointed Acting Master in the navy, 1861, serving on the gunboat " New London," imder Commander Read. Promoted Acting Volunteer Lieutenant. July, 1863, he was assigned to the command of the U. S. brig " Bohio," afterward to the " Brignonia," of the North Atlantic Squadron, Rear-admiral Porter com- manding. Resigned March 7, 1865. Lewis G. Cook. Commissioned Acting Master, Decem- ber 19, 1 86 1, and assigned to steamer "Virginia," of West Gulf Squadron, under command of Admiral Farragut. Sub- NORWICH OFFICERS IN THE NAVY. 149 sequently transferred to the Potomac flotilla, he was honor- ably discharged — 1865. George E. Martin. Appointed Paymaster's Clerk De- cember 30, 1 86 1, and served on U. S. steamers " Norwich " and " Mendota." Commissioned Acting Assistant Paymas- ter, November, 1864, and ordered to steamer " Adela." Hon- orably discharged August, 1865. Reappointed Paymaster's Clerk, August, 1865, and joined U. S. ship "Supply," sailing for Hong Kong, where he died of cholera, August 6, 1867. George W. Huntington, was commissioned Acting Assistant Paymaster, U. S. N., October, 1863. Assigned to duty in the South Atlantic Squadron, and joined the steam gunboat " Ottawa." Engaged mostly in blockade duty, he was present with his vessel in attacks on various rebel fortifications along Southern rivers, and was the first to open communication with Gen. Sherman on his great march to the sea. The vessel participated in the recapture of Fort Sumter, in February, 1865, and also in a combined military and naval attack on some important batteries, twenty miles north of Charleston, S. C. While the " Ot- tawa " engaged the batteries in front, the soldiers landed below, and prepared to advance on the rebels. The troops hardly landed, when it was known in Charleston, and they hastened to escape from the latter, before General Gilmore should surround them. " It is a great satisfaction to us, that we have had a part in one of the great achievements of the war, but it is a greater satisfaction to know that, whatever may be its immediate cause, the thing is a fact, Charleston is ours. But a few more such facts are needed to solve the peace problem, and we can afford to wait for them." Hon- orably discharged November, 1865. Amos D. Allen. Appointed Paymaster's Clerk, Novem- ber 9, 1863, commissioned Acting Assistant Paymaster, October 21, 1864, and ordered to join steamer " Western 150 THE NORWICH MEMORIAL. World," of North Atlantic Squadron. Honorably dis- charged, September 5, 1865. Charles H. Cole, Jr. Appointed Paymaster's Clerk October 31, 1864, and attached to U. S. steamer " Western World." Honorably discharged, June, 1865. Frank H. Arms. Commissioned Acting Assistant Pay- master, April 14, 1864, and ordered to join U. S. steamer " Memphis." Still in service. Francis S. Wells. Commissioned Acting Volunteer Lieutenant, May 7, 1863, assigned to command of U. S. steamer " Daylight," North Atlantic Squadron. Trans- ferred subsequently to command of U. S. steamer " Aries." Honorably discharged, 1865. James H. Nash. Commissioned Acting Ensign, January 20, 1863, and ordered to join store-ship " Brandywine " at Norfolk Navy Yard ; afterwards attached to the North At- lantic Blockading Squadron. Honorably discharged, 1865. Robert B. Smith, Commissioned Acting Volunteer Lieutenant, December 3, 1863, was assigned to the com- mand of the steamer " Nita," East Gulf Squadron, Acting Rear-admiral Theodore Bailey, commanding. Honorably discharged, 1865. John T. Perkins, entered the navy, September 4, 1861, as landsman. Promoted to Paymaster's Steward, he served in the " Stars and Stripes " the first year in the North At- lantic Blockading Squadron, and took part in the engage- ments at Roanoke Island and Newbern. The next two years were spent in the East Gulf Squadron. He was hon- orably discharged, November 4, 1864. William M. Perkins, enlisted in the navy, September 17, 1 861, as first class boy ; joined the steamship " Florida." Sailed in the Port Royal expedition under Dupont. In November, 1862, joined the frigate " Colorado " at Ports- mouth. Was transferred to Cairo, 111., and ordered to the NORWICH MEN IN THE NAVY. 151 ram " Lafayette." Served on the Yazoo River, and in the passage of the Vicksburg batteries ; also in the first and second Red River expeditions. Honorably discharged, September 17, 1864. J. H. Jewett, enlisted as seaman, August 28, 1861. Served on gunboat " Rhode Island " and frigate " Santee." Edward Francis, served as ordinary seaman in the navy. Charles Tisdale, enlisted in May, serving as first class boy. Edward Tisdale, entered the navy and served as first class boy. George Clarke, served in the navy as Paymaster's clerk. Albert Smith, entered the navy, and served as Pay- master's clerk. William Fanning, enlisted and served in the navy as ordinary seaman. A. E. Fuller, served in the navy in the capacity of clerk. Henry Hempstead, enlisted in the navy and served as landsman. Charles E. Breed, enlisted in the navy, April, 1864, as Assistant Engineer, died April, 1865. John P. Kehr, served in the navy, and died July 30, 1862. X. ^■7 ^ -V^ x.^ ^ ^ SOLDIERS' RELIEF. — CITIZEN-SERVICE. 1861-65. Work, Patriots, for the Union Till the hour of triumph comes ! When the lusty shouts of victory Mingle with rolls of drums ; Till the shadowy clouds of treason Have floated fore'er away, And the sunrise beams of hope and peace Tell of a brighter day." C. B. Howell. AT the very commencement of the war the citizens of Norwich turned their attention to making provision for the relief of soldiers' families. The first grand rally of the people on Wednesday, April eighteenth, had this object in view, no less than the encouragement of enlistments. ( nul/lfiuJ^i^dumJ SOLDIERS' RELIEF.— CITIZEN-SERVICE. 153 and with generous promptitude they commenced subscrip- tions to a fund, which to the end of the war was more than adequate to meet every call upon it. This action on the part of the citizens was in advance of the measures adopted subsequently by the town for the systematic relief of the families of soldiers, by bounties and otherwise, and as an instance of the spontaneous liberality of the people in pro- viding for the immediate needs of the first volunteers, it is deserving of special mention. The patriotism of the men and women of Norwich, of ever}' grade of means, was from the first pronounced and unwavering, as this splendid record abundantly shows. Mr. Amos W. Prentice stood at the head of this " Patriotic Fund Committee," rendering in this, as in other responsible positions he was called to fill during the eventful years of the war, most efficient and untiring service. Mr. Charles Johnson was appointed treasurer, and with a loyalty as de- cided as it was uncompromising, received the subscriptions to this fund, and aided in administering the same. His personal correspondence with the soldiers was very exten- sive, and his generous admiration of their patriotism made him a ready helper of all whom he could befriend, and the best almoner of the public bounty that could have been selected. The subscription list was the grandest one which ever received the signatures of our citizens, both when we con- sider its object and the unprecedented liberality to which it showed the people could rise in a trying hour. The original roll on which the names of the subscribers were signed, is carefully preserved by the treasurer of the fund, as a proud memento of the patriotism of our citizens, as well as an historic relic which the passage of the years will convert into a precious heirloom for other days and generations. The following are the names, and in the order in which 154 THE NORWICH MEMORIAL. they were signed, on this paper, to whose suggestive title we have ah-eady alkided : — "THE SINEWS OF WAR." Wm. A. Buckingham . . . $i,ocx3 B. W. Tompkins $100 David Smith . . . 500 George Perkins 50 Wm. P. Greene . . 1,000 Joel W. White 100 J. Lloyd Greene . . 500 A. F. Gilman 25 John F. Slater . • . 500 E. P. Slocum 25 L. F. S. Foster . . • 300 S. B. Meech 25 I. M. Buckingham • 300 Samuel C. Morgan .... 200 Leonard Ballon . . • 300 E. 0. Abbot 100 Ebenezer Learned • 300 Pierce & Robertson .... 50 Chas. Johnson & Son 300 F. Y. Winship 25 C. B. Rogers . . . • 300 William Prentice 50 Breed, Prentice, & Co. 500 Gurdon P. Cottrell .... 25 Henry Bill .... • 300 Gurdon Chapman .... 25 George L. Perkins 200 L.W.Carroll 300 E. R. Thompson • • 200 Charles Spalding 100 Joseph Selden . • . 100 I. Johnson 50 James D. Mowry . . 100 W. T. Almy 50 Frank Johnson . . . 100 H. K. Hammond 50 F. M. Hale .... 50 Charles N- Farnam .... 300 Clarke, Harrington, & C o 50 A. H. Hubbard 500 E. Winslow Williams 100 William C. Osgood .... 50 S. H. Grosvenor . . 100 Norton Brothers 500 John T. Adams . . 100 Erastus Williams 100 N. C. Brakenridge 100 W. L. Nichols 25 James A. Hovey . . 100 Franklin Nichols 50 William Kelley . . 50 E. Edwards 25 James S. Carew . . 100 Gurdon Jones & Co 25 A. Brewster .... 100 Lewis Edwards .-.'.. 50 Julius Webb .... 100 M. Safford 25 C. B. Webster .... 100 R. Farnsworth 100 Enoch F. Chapman . 50 A. J. Currier 100 George G. Bottom . 50 R. B. Mowry 100 A. Y. Hebard . . . 50 J. M. Huntington and W. H. Gardner Greene . . 100 Huntington 1,000 William Noyes . . 50 John P. Gulliver 100 Sidney Turner .... 50 John G. Huntington & Co. 100 J. Leavens & Son 50 William P. Nash 50 Wm. R. Hitchcock . . 50 S. R. Parlin 50 James N. Perry . . 25 Barstow & Palmer .... 100 O. P. Rice .... 50 Andrew & Nash 100 SOLDIERS' RELIEF. — CITIZEN-SERVICE. 155 R. M. Haven $25 S. H. Osgood 100 George W. Smith 100 S. & S. B. Case 100 Z. R. Robbins 50 P. St. M. Andrews .... 25 Avery Smith 50 E. G. Bidwell 50 H. H. Stariiweather .... 50 Joseph A. Starkweather . . 50 Lorenzo Blackstone .... 300 H. B. Cruttenden 25 John W. Allen ... . . 500 Frederick Prentice .... 100 E. F. Hovey 25 Robert Revelle 25 Theodore F. McCiirdy . . . 100 Wilson Potter 50 Gardner Thurston .... 25 Willoughby & Co 100 Edward Chappell 100 Alvan Bond 50 Alfred P. Rockwell .... 50 Daniel W. Coit 200 Joseph T. Thurston .... 50 A. H. Vaughn 50 A. S. Robbins 50 Mrs. Russell Hubbard ... 50 Wareham Williams . . . 100 J. H. Almy 50 A. Clark 50 Hiram B. Crosby 50 J. Halsey 50 Jedediah Huntington . . . 300 William H. Law 100 Augustus Bowen 25 Augustus Bowen, Att'y for Wm. R. Potter 50 Charles E. Dyer 25 Lewis E. Stanton 25 George Coit 50 L. H. Maples 25 Benjamin Durfey 50 Richard P. Tracy 10 Asa Fitch 500 Louis Mitchell . . W. R. Wood . . Charles A. Rallion William P. Greene, J Benjamin D. Greene Joseph II. Holm James L. Hubbard Charles Lee . . Russell Ri.x . . E. P. Partridge Nathan Sears . Chauncey Palmer Samuel Mowry Chester Clark . Samuel Prentice Owen Stead Nathan P. Avery T. C. Gordon . Charles Browning Charles C. Fuller C. C. Thompson Parley Philipps Norris G. Lippitt Willard Bliss . John T. Wait . Daniel F. Gulliver L. H. Smith . William W. Coit J. Treadwell Walden Joseph Williams George Loomis Henry Ruggles Mrs. Benjamin Lee A native-born non-resident Lewis A. Hyde John Dunham . Richard Colburn J. G. Hinckley . Horace Col ton William McCune Jesse Caulkins . William W. Avery Pliny Brewer . Oliver P. Avery Miss E. A. Dwight $25 50 50 50 50 25 100 100 50 50 25 50 100 50 25 25 25 25 25 25 25 25 25 50 50 100 25 100 50 50 100 50 50 50 25 100 25 25 75 25 10 50 25 25 40 156 THE NORWICH MEMORIAL. Mrs. B. Lee (additional) . . G. A. Jones & Co. (additional) Charles B. Piatt Otliniel Gager Richard P. Tracy (additional) Peter Nelson Mrs. John A. Rockwell . . R. P. Stanton Isaac H. Bromley .... Lewis Hyde . . ... Wm. Elting & Co James M. Peckham .... Mrs. N. C. Reynold .... William B. Wilcox .... J. N. Perkins B. Boardman J. L. W. Huntington . . . Amos E. Cobb Hakes Brothers Tliomas J. Ridgway .... William Jennings Palmer Smith $5° 75 25 50 15 10 100 10 25 50 50 50 50 25 50 25 50 50 50 50 25 25 J. B. Shaw $25 Edward Coit . . ... 30 A. B. Haile 25 C. G. Child 25 Thomas Byrnes 25 A. H. Emmons 25 John Eggleston 25 John Eggleston (Trustee) . . 25 J. W. Hooker 50 George W. Kies 25 E. A. Huntington . . . . 25 H. G. Ransom 25 F. S. B 100 C. Starr Brewster 100 William Bond 100 John F. Arnott 50 S. A. Whitney 25 Mary W. Goddard .... 20 William Williams 400 Alfred Mitchell 100 Grand total ^21,395 One of the subscribers to the above fund drew his check payable to " The Stars. and Stripes," while one of the lady- contributors sent in a silver cup, made in 1811, and held in the family as a valued heirloom, accompanied by the fol- lowing note : — "Mr. Johnson, Treasure?-, — " Dear Sir : I have no money to give you, but this old cup has been in my family through five generations. It is small, but true. May it not have passed through one revolution to help some brave boy now. I have given my younger son to his coun- try, with regret that his older brother ^ cannot be with him. " Yours, * * * *." Another lady contributor wrote thus : — " Mr. Chas. Johnson, Treasurer, — " Dear Sir : At a time when the women of our country with 1 This elder son here referred to returned from business pursuits in another part of the world to enlist, and lost his life on the field of battle. SOLDIERS' RELIEF. — CITIZEN-SERVICE. I 57 willing hands to work, and warm hearts to feel, are naturally anxious to do all in their power to help and to cheer the brave men who go forth to battle for the glorious flag which from our childhood we have been taught to hold sacred, — may I, who can do little else than bid them ' God-speed,' be permitted to add my mite to the fund for the benefit of the families of the noble band in whose hearts is enshrined the honor of their country, which, with God's blessing, they will ever defend. It is not in my power to send ready money, but I beg your acceptance of the inclosed coupon — forty dollars. " Very truly yours, " E. A. D. "Norwich, April 22, 1861." It should be stated in this connection, that in conse- quence of the generous provision of the town for the relief of soldiers' families, and for the promotion of enlistments, elsewhere spoken of at length, the contributors to this fund were not called upon to pay in but fifty per cent, of the amount they severally subscribed. Some, however, had promptly paid their entire subscriptions at the time they made them, and declined to receive back the portion to which in equity, and by vote of the committee, they were entitled. The fund was wisely administered, and brought timely relief and cheer to many a brave soldier, or needy family. There are letters held by the treasurer which at- test the heartfelt gratitude of those who by it were assisted, while to the very close of the war, and even longer, did this fund hold out, proving a source of supply, until all immediate war needs had ceased. This was not the only fund raised by public contribution for the relief of soldiers, and those dependent on them. On the thirtieth of August, 1862, in the great war meeting, the doings of which we have already described, our citizens raised considerably over twenty thousand dollars. This was paid over directly to those to whom the moneys were personally promised on 158 THE NORWICPI MEMORIAL. condition of enlisting, or to the families of those who by these pledges were induced to volunteer. Nor does this end the tale of citizen benevolence. The aggregate of these free-will offerings would mount up to a greatly augmented sum, if all that was given for objects connected with the war had been recorded. But many were the individual gifts that escaped public notice, and never were reported. The costly and elaborate swords presented to various officers by individual citizens, represent only one item of expense in which not a few were very lavish, while at different times most generous subscriptions were made for the comfort of those of our soldiers confined in Southern prisons. In addition to a Union thanksgiving collection in November, 1863, and a contribution made at the same time by the Second Congregational Sabbath-school for this ob- ject, there was a fund of four hundred and twenty-three dollars raised in the beginning of 1864, three hundred and fifty-eight dollars of which were the result of the " Soldiers' Relief Ball." In April, 1864, at the Union headquarters in this city, where numbers of our citizens had gathered to rejoice over the election news, a sum of two hundred dol- lars was contributed " to be applied especially for the bene- fit of the privates confined in Richmond, who suffer most." There certainly never was a time in which private benev- olence had so many calls upon it, as during the war, and in no equal period in our national history was so much given by individual citizens. A new era of Hberality and of char- itable enterprise seemed to be opened by the war, and the people responded to every appeal for help with unprece- dented generosity. While we cannot specify how much our citizens did in- dividually or in the aggregate, it is enough to know that they became ready contributors to all the great charities which the sufferings incident to our struggle had created. SOLDIERS' RELIEF. — CITIZEN-SERVICE. I 59 Governor Buckingham stood at the head of " the Connecti- cut Chaplains' Aid Commission," and in support of the work of this organization, our people, either singly, or as gath- ered in the different churches, gave liberally. The objects it had in view, were to supply all Connecticut Regiments with chapel tents, to provide camp libraries and newspa- pers, and in every practicable way to cooperate with chap- lains in their labors for the mental and moral welfare of the soldiers. To those grand organizations, which did so much to miti- gate the hardships of the soldiers, and to rob the battle- field of its horrors, — the Sanitary and Christian Commis- sions, our citizens were interested and regular donors. They never failed to meet generously the repeated calls the " Soldiers Aid Society " of this city made upon them for pecuniary assistance, and it is to the credit of their be- nevolence, that all classes shared in it. The giving was not done by the rich alone, but those of humbler means were proportionately as benevolent, while many a donation came from those who were in really straightened circum- stances. It would make a memorial of lasting interest to this community could the full hst of all that was given dur- ing the war by the people, be here presented item by item, but in the absence of this, we have reported enough to show that never before were all animated to such an extent by the impulse of a genuine benevolence. The war was emphatically an epoch of deeds ; words went little ways unless coupled with brave actions, or gen- erous gifts. Philanthropic sentiments were reckoned of little account, unless converted into such personal labors or benefactions, as they naturally prompt to, if sincere. Our soldiers in the field were made the recipients of private beneficence to an extent that made them feel that those at home counted it a privilege as well as a duty to l6o THE NORWICH MEMORIAL. minister in any way to their comfort. Following with a fond pride the course of those who went out from the town, to fight for all that was dearest, the community felt, and by their actions showed, that the soldiers were entitled to all they could do for them and theirs. Nor was our citizen patriotism all of one type, — for though it prompted some to give in the manner already described, it led yet others to such personal service and sacrifices as in many cases were never publicly known. One of our citizens, who gave of his own time and effort to aid the government, too infirm to become a soldier, besides being exempt by age from military service, secured for him- self a " representative recruit," at an expense of nine hun- dred dollars, and kept him in the Union army. Jared Dennis, living at Norwich Falls, contributed five able-bodied sons to the army. Another citizen sent one son into Captain Chester's company, giving him a Spartan father's good-by, in these words, — " Do your duty, my son ; if you fall, your brother shall take your place, and after him I shall go myself" Nor was it by giving only, all important as that was, that our citizens at home showed their devotion to the National cause. There were voluntary services rendered to the Governor, which converted not a few into " tempo- rary aids" to him, amid the duties and anxieties which at the commencement of the war pressed heavily upon him. Col. George L. Perkins volunteered to bear dispatches from Governor Buckingham to the Secretary of War at Washing- ton, and on Tuesday the twenty-third of April, was dis- patched by his Excellency, being the second " envoy ex- traordinary," sent from Norwich to our then beleaguered Capital. He had a memorable experience, going " cross- lots," as he termed it, in order to reach that city. Commu- nications were known to be severed, and to get through SOLDIERS' RELIEF. — CITIZEN-SERVICE. l6l Maryland was no easy task, for secessionists and traitors were thicker than hornets. However, all went well as far as Philadelphia, where according to the narrative of Colonel Perkins, " I determined to take the cars to Perrysville, and from thence to Annapolis by boat, accompanied by Major Ames, Quartermaster of the. Massachusetts troops. Mr. Felton, President of the Philadelphia and Baltimore R. R. gave us a letter to Colonel Dare, commanding at Perrysville, requesting him to place one of the company's boats at our service, and put on board a military escort of twenty-five men. We left in the latter without delay, though not with- out some apprehension, as it was reported that two steam- tugs were in the bay to attack any boats conveying troops to Annapolis." Arriving safely, and reporting to General Butler, they were forwarded by him on a military train to the Junction, and thence by cars, in company with the New York Seventh, and the Rhode Island Regiments under Governor Sprague, reached Washington at noon, Friday, April twenty-si.xth. During his necessary detention at Annapolis, Colonel Perkins had a chance to observe General Butler, who had opened this new route to Washington, by which Baltimore was temporarily avoided. While at his head-quarters, an officer, somewhat new to his duties, reported to him, and meekly waiting to be assigned somewhere, for it was very late, ventured to ask, " Where am I to sleep. General .-'" The latter turning upon him a look never pleasant to contem- plate, replied with considerable emphasis, '* Young man, do you take me to be chamber-maid to this military post .'' " This extinguished the youthful soldier's desire for sleep, and the sleepless Colonel, who might have enjoyed the poor boon thus unsuccessfully solicited by his junior, kept an upright position till his train left at midnight. J 62 THE NORWICH MEMORIAL. On reaching the Capital he reported at once to Secretary Cameron, whose porter, taking in his full commanding fig- ure, and supposing him to be some distinguished magnate, bore his card up in advance of a number of other less fortunate messengers from Northern States. Here his errand was soon made known, and answering dispatches placed in his hands for Governor Buckingham. Colonel Perkins brought back the first reliable report as to the number of troops in and about Washington, and other facts, which showed in what imminent peril the Capital had been up to this date. He met on his return the Sixty- ninth Regiment of New York, fourteen hundred strong, guarding the railroad from Annapolis to the Junction, with orders from General Butler, " to shoot every one seen meddling with the track, as you would a dog, and tumble his body down the embankment." He also passed, en route for Washington, Major Sherman, afterwards the dis- tinguished General, with a United States Battery of four guns. He reported, as doing guard-duty at the White House, Hon. Cassius M. Clay, commanding one hundred and twenty-one volunteers armed with rifle, revolver, and knife. Hon. Abraham Wakeman of New York, was pa- trolling as sentinel before the Presidential mansion, when he went to call on Mr. Lincoln. An alarm was given a night or two previous to his arrival, on which occasion this unique company of " Honorables," was formed in five min- utes, several in stocking feet, with orders from Clay, " to fire deliberately and fire low, and at the proper time use the knife ; " adding, as only a Kentuckian of his stamp could, " I am fond of chopped meat." These are facts I glean from the very interesting letter, wliich conveyed in full to Governor Buckingham, the re- port of the journey and the discharge of the commission SOLDIERS' RELIEF. — CITIZEN-SERVICE. 163 with which intrusted ; and with Colonel Perkins' own sum- mary, Tgive this as one chapter in the varied services in which many afterwards bore an equally important part : — " I passed through Egypt {i. e., Maryland) without being shot, though in perils of robbers, in perils of mine own countrymen, in perils by plug-uglies, in perils in the city, and in perils among false brethren. In weariness and painfulness, in watchings, in hunger and thirst, in fastings often, and in the night-dampness." On the eighteenth of June, 1861, IVTr. E. P. Slocum, agent of Adams' Express, who always took a lively in- terest in the well-being of our soldiers, advertised that he would take packages to them free of charge. He supposed many in the community, who had friends and kindred in the three companies Norwich had now in the advance of the Union army, would be glad to avail themselves of this opportunity to have conveyed to such anything that would add to their comfort, and be pleasant reminders of those they had left behind them. The advertisement hardly ap- peared, before bundles and boxes and packages of all sizes and descriptions began to be delivered, and it seemed as if all the people were actuated by one common impulse. However, Mr. Slocum bravely stood to his generous offer, and complacently looked on the accumulating pile of good things, of which he was to be the gratuitous al- moner, and giving full time for all who felt disposed to get their contributions to his office, crowded now to the full with donations, he started with the proposed free load. Three large express wagons were required to convey the goods to the Depot. Arriving in due time in Washington, he sought most diligently for the means of transporting his precious freight to the expectant boys, who were now encamped on Virginia's sacred soil. 164 THE NORWICH MEMORIAL. After only such vexatious delays, and magnificent ram- bles from one end of the city's expanse to the other in search of a vehicle and driver, he succeeded in chartering two ancient steeds, a couple of adolescent darkies, and the waitcd-for-wagon. He loaded up and started for the Old Dominion. Getting by the inquisitive pickets, numerous enough to prevent any over-long trot with the fiery cours- ers, he neared the camp. Discovered while yet a great way distant, the narrator, Mr. Bromley, thus presents the scene : " Mr. Slocum was greeted by the familiar voice of Joab Rogers, who had lifted up his eyes, and discerned him afar off. The alarm once given, the progress of our missionary was a continued ova- tion. The boys rushed out bare-headed, bare-footed, or in any costume that came handy, and cheered, and shouted ' Hi,' and cheered, and when they got tired of that, gave several rounds of cheers. " Once in the camp, the boxes were unloaded, and opened in a twinkling. Then the boys stopped shouting", for they found this a difficult matter while doing picket duty on the good things, and crowding cartridges of pies and cakes, and other sundries down their throats, which seemed to have be- come double-barreled for the occasion. Everybody came out strong in that sudden exigency, and Mr. Slocum thought the spectacle was worth travelling a great way to behold. " The boys appeared well, brown, and hearty, having ex- perienced a considerable average addition to their bulk and weight. As a sporting item, it is well enough to mention that his ebony jockeys achieved the entire distance from Camp Tyler to Washington, not over ten miles, in five hours." This may serve to show how soon these " first things," which the necessities incident to war set our people to doing, lost the charm of novelty, and became matters of only ordinary significance, though none the less important SOLDIERS' RELIEF. — CITIZEN-SERVICE. 165 and helpful. This is the story of the first boxes sent to the soldiers, but as already stated, such gifts soon became very frequent, and were sent regularly, with a liberality and thoughtfulness that made them of invaluable service to our boys, when in camp, hospital, or prison. Among other objects for which the Governor dispatched Special Agents, and which showed his thoughtful, wide reaching care, was to look after Connecticut soldiers in the hospitals of the West and Southwest. Capt. L. A. Gallup, formerly of the Twenty-sixth Regiment, was in August, 1863, entrusted with this duty, and reported as follows, on his return from this mission of mercy : — Norwich, Conn., September 10, 1863. To his Excellency, Wm. A. Buckingham. Sir: Agreeable to your instructions issued to me, August 25, 1863, directing me to visit those hospitals in which were left sick and disabled soldiers by Connecticut regiments, while en route from the Department of the Gulf to Connecticut, and ascertain their condition, I have the honor to report that I left Norwich on the evening of August 25th, and proceeded directly to Memphis, Tenn., at which place the first soldiers were sent to hospitals after leaving Port Hudson, La. The medical director at Memphis in- formed me that the Connecticut soldiers left at that place were in Adams and Union Hospitals. Visiting these, I ascertained that the Twenty-sixth Regiment sent to Adams Hospital, August ist, twelve enlisted men, and that the Twenty-eighth Regiment sent to Union Hospital, August 14th, nineteen enlisted men. Of this number, twelve have died, twelve had been sent to Connecticut, and seven, all members of the Twenty-eighth, were then in Union Hospital. Leaving Memphis, August 31st, I returned to Cairo, 111., where I ascertained that two members of the Twenty-eighth Regiment had been admitted into the Post Hospital at that place, x\ugust 17th. Both had recovered, and been sent to Connecticut. From Cairo I proceeded to Mound City, 111., where I ascertained that twelve enlisted men of the Twenty-sixth Regiment were ad- 1 66 THE NORWICH MEMORIAL mitted into the United States General Hospital at that place, August 3d, and that eleven enlisted men were admitted from the Twenty-eighth Regiment, August 17th. Of the number, nine had died, two had been sent to Connecticut, three were then in hospital, and one could not be accounted for. From Mound City I proceeded to Chicago, 111. There two com- missioned officers and one enlisted man were admitted into the Soldiers' Home, August 4th, and nine enlisted men were admit- ted into the military department of the Marine Hospital, and one enlisted man into the Post Hospital. These were all members of the Twenty-sixth Regiment. Of this number six enlisted men had died, and the other seven had been forwarded to Connecticut. Leaving Chicago, I arrived at Toledo, Ohio, September 5th, and there learned that five enlisted men, members of the Twenty-sixth, were admitted into the In- firmary in that city, August 5th. This entire number had died. I am not aware that Connecticut soldiers were left at places other than those mentioned, while en route to Connecticut from the Department of the Gulf. As to the condition of the men left at Memphis, I would say, that six of the seven were reported as "doing well," and would be strong enough to proceed in a short time to Connecticut. The other one " was failing," and would not survive many days. Two of the three in Mound Hospital were recovering flist, and one was in a dying condition. I was assured by the surgeon in charge of those hospitals, that those from Connecticut who were remaining, would be pro- vided with transportation and rations, and forwarded to Connect- icut as soon as it was thought advisable to do so. Although it is painful to know that so many of our number have died, when within a few days of their homes, I am happy to say that the hospitals of which they were inmates, are com- modious and well regulated. Those who survived, admitted that they received every care and attention. I would state that the graves of those who have died, have been properly marked. SOLDIERS' RELIEF. — CITIZEN-SERVICE. 1 67 SUMMARY. Total number admitted into hospitals, 74 Total number who have died, 32 Total number sent to Connecticut, 31 Total number remaining in hospitals, 10 Total number not accounted for, i — 74 Very respectfully, Your obedient servant, L. A. Gallup. Hon. W. A. Buckingham, Governor of Connecticict. Where all were so patriotic, it is not possible to individ- ualize the labors of many, for like the men of whom Macaulay speaks in his "Lays of Ancient Rome," " Then none was for a party ; Then all were for the State, Then the great man helped the poor, And the poor man loved the great." And yet for memorial purposes, we may justly venture to make special mention of those, who because of their position or means were enabled to render service, which all now remember with gratitude, and speak of with pride. W. A. Buckingham, who was the chief executive of the State from 1859 to 1866, was foremost in all patriotic work, not less in his private than in his public and official capacity. He has left a proud record of noble, earnest service in a critical period of the Nation's history. To his keen appre- ciation of State and National affairs, his promptness of action, Connecticut was indebted for the leading position which she held during the war. Commanding the confi- dence of his fellow citizens to an unwonted extent, he was trusted as few men have been before or since in similar of- ficial stations, and he maintained to the last the respect and gratitude of the Commonwealth. His best and highest title 1 68 THE NORWICH MEMORIAL. will ever be the one he gained for his signally devoted and able administration of affairs, in a time of unprecedented ex- citement and peril, — " Connecticut's War Governor." Early foreseeing in the agitation of the South which fol- lowed the election of Mr. Lincoln, the beginning of a fear- ful conflict, he began to prepare for it. In January, 1861, he had wisely ordered the purchase, on his own responsibil- ity, of knapsacks, cartridge-boxes, bayonets, and everything belonging to the full equipment of at least five thousand men. In April, when the war broke out, he at once re- solved to discard all smooth-bore weapons, and arm Con- necticut troops with the best rifles. The money necessary to do this, he decided to raise by loans, pledging for se- curity his own private fortune, but this the immediate prof- fers of loyal men, and the tenders of the banks, made un- necessary. The State, through his promptitude, aided as he was by able and energetic coadjutors, put her troops into the field in advance of others, better armed and equipped at the first, than those from other States, and this too, without a dol- lar's expense to the Federal Government. The latter made requisitions upon the Governor, which were promptly filled, such as a Light Battery for Rhode Island, and a second one for the authorities at Washington. On request of the Governor of Ohio, he was able to furnish him four thousand sets of equipments for the soldiers of his State. When the second call was issued by Mr. Lincoln for troops, and only a limited supply of clothing and camp equipments were in the government store-houses. Governor Buckingham was the first to apply in behalf of the quota of Connecticut, through a special agent, Mr. E. H. Owen, of Hartford, and on the principle " of first come, first served," the orders were issued to make over the supplies on hand to this State. The result was that our troops were the SOLDIERS' RELIEF. — CITIZEN-SERVICE. 169 earliest equipped and escaped the sufferings that were ex- perienced by those of other States, who on arriving at the appointed places of rendezvous were kept waiting for their necessary blankets, clothing, and tents. The General Assembly of 1861, appropriated three thou- sand dollars for the payment of personal expenses incurred while in the discharge of official duties, but this gratuity he generously declined in 1866, adding as his reason, "that public burdens have rested so heavily upon the people dur- ing the past five years, that I do not feel willing to draw from the Treasury money thus appropriated." During part of the time of his long career as Chief Executive of the State, he turned his salary over to some patriotic object, devoting, in one instance, more than the year's income, to the relief of the families of volunteers. To have been Governor of Connecticut for the most mo- mentous years since the Revolution, called to the position by the voice of the people, and continued by repeated re- elections, is enough for the patriotic ambition of any man ; to have served with zeal, unsullied integrity, and an unfal- tering faith in the Nation's cause, is more honor than often falls to mortals in this world, and such honor, as -alas, can be trusted to but few. Connecticut will ever remember with pride, and Norwich hold in grateful recollection — the unwearied services of him who was able to grasp the various interests of the public good, and accomplish well the enormous work thrown upon him, who was capable of being the exponent and also the leader of public sentiment, who could steady the heart of his State, and yet stimulate the Central Government in the path of justice. Hon. Wm. P. Greene, whose name will ever remain with us as a synonym of the purest patriotism and benevolence, was especially active in all movements in aid of the war. 170 THE NORWICH MEMORIAL. Unobtrusive in whatever he did, few knew how generous and extensive were the gifts he made to the soldiers, or those dependent upon them. Many an incident, illustrative of his loyalty and liberality, lingers in the memory of not a few in this community, who never refer to him but with feelings of admiration and real affection. When called on by Colonel Young and Mr. James D. Movvry, for his contribu- tion to the" Sinews of War " Fund, he replied with that cour- tesy and deliberate utterance which characterized him, " Put me down, gentlemen, for whatever I ought to give," and dis- missing them with this, for his final answer, they depart- ed, and put him down for what alone all knew would satisfy him ; for his name never stood against any subscrijjtion, second in amount to that of any other citizen. On learning that Capt. J. B. Dennis of the Seventh Regiment had borne the expenses incident to the recruiting of his company, he and his noble daughter. Miss Lizzie Greene, reimbursed him for all his outlay. The latter, assisted by her brother, the Hon. J. Lloyd Greene, then added the very acceptable gift of blankets for each member of the company. As the Eigh- teenth Regiment was drawn up in line, to receive the regi- mental colors, on the afternoon of their departure from Camp Aiken, Mr. William P. Greene advanced to the front of the company raised in the village which bears his name, bade the boys an affectionate good-by, and presented them with a beautiful inlaid box containing one hundred and one two dollar and a half gold pieces. Capt Davis, acknowledg- ing the gift, wrote back from Fort Henry, Baltimore, the following note : — VV.M. P. Greene, — Kind Sir : I desire in behalf of the company which I have the honor to command, to express to you our sincere thanks for the munificent gift to us on Friday last. . . . Each member of the company will value his gift, not so much as a matter of in- SOLDIERS' RELIEF. — CITIZEN-SERVICE. 171 crease to the liberal bounties of the government and town, but as a token of remembrance from a warm and liberal friend. Not less do we prize those words of counsel and advice, as you bade the Greenville boys an affectionate good-by. They will not be forgotten. We will return with the good reputation with, which you complimented us. Respectfully yours, Henry C. Davis. Henry B. Norton v^^as another of our citizens whose ser- vices, ever generous and unceasing, endeared him to all Norwich soldiers. His name is one which they speak to this day with the warmest feelings. Quick to perceive what should be done, and eager to help wheresoever he could, he rendered the most timely assistance to the Gov- ernor. Superintending the transportation of troops, the chartering of vessels, the purchasing of army supplies in the early period of the war, and thereafter attending person- ally to the wants and comforts of our men in the field, his labors were invaluable. Soldiers came to feel that if he was on the look-out for them, they would not suffer for the lack of anything his thoughtful care and means could pro- vide. Members of the Fourteenth and Eighteenth Regi- ments write him down as their friend ; one whose presence and aid tided them over many a day of pressing need. His services, from first to last, were the free-will offering his patriotism alone inspired him to render, for he declined all commissions, and refused every tender in the way of com- pensation. Hon. Lafayette S., Foster, who ably represented Con- necticut in the United States Senate for twelve years, includ- ing those of the war, was also among our most active and patriotic citizens. Rendering distinguished service in Con- gress, and attaining an eminent position in that body, he was, when in Norwich, an earnest supporter of the war 172 THE NORWICH MEMORIAL. measures of his town. In his place in the Senate he gave his advocacy to all that could help our armies, and sustain the integrity of the government. Inflexibly independent, with honor and honesty untemptable, he spoke and voted only and always according to his own convictions. With nothing of the politician about him, holding fealty of con- science above allegiance to mere party, his course was all the more noble and patriotic, because at times it compelled him to differ from measures that were deemed popular, and imperiously pushed by the political leaders, by whom dis- sent is not infrequently stigmatized as disloyalty. His voice was heard in most of our war-meetings, and no one sought with greater earnestness than he, to encourage enlistments, and sustain the hopefulness of the people. Dr. C. B. Webster deserves to be ranked as one of the most patriotic and useful of our citizens during the rebellion. In December, 1862, he made a tender of his services to the government, and was appointed Assistant Surgeon, and ordered for duty to Camp Barker, which was then the tem- porary home of the thousands of fugitives from slavery. These ex-slaves flocked to Washington in great numbers, and in all conceivable conditions of destitution. Dr. Web- ster was soon put in charge of what was called " Contra- band Camp Hospital," where the medical care of these fugitives fell upon him ; and some idea of the nature of the arduous work he performed while here, can be obtained from the fact that during the winter of 1862 there were thir- teen hundred cases of small pox. In the autumn of 1863, the freedmen were removed across the Potomac to the Arlington Estate. Here Dr. Webster continued in service till the spring of 1864, doing for the physical comfort, as well as moral and mental improvement of the contrabands all that a thorough devotion tot heir every interest could suggest. In this work the anti-slavery SOLDIERS' RELIEF. — CITIZEN-SERVICE. 1 73 principles of a life-time found opportunity to incarnate themselves in untiring and noble labors. Believing in the manhood of these enfranchised bondsmen, he sou^-ht to instruct them in all that related to their daily living, and to the duties incident to their state of freedom. This sort of work greatly interested our ovyn people, and they made Dr. Webster the distributor of boxes of supplies and clothino- which they sent to him at different times. In the spring of 1864, owing to prostration induced by malarial fever. Dr. Webster was forced to resign. After a short rest, he accepted an appointment from the Sanitary Commission, and went to Huntsville, Ala., as medical in- spector of troops. About this time the " Hospital Train Ser- vice," for the transport of sick and wounded soldiers to the North was extended, and he again accepted the appointment from government of Assistant Surgeon, and was ordered to the charge of a hospital train running from Nashville and Louisville. In this service he continued till near the close of the war, having under his care other hospital trains, clearing out the hospitals at Chattanooga and Nashville, to make room for the new arrivals from Sherman's army on its march to the sea, and for those brought in from the battle near Nashville. It was while here that Governor Bucking- ham, ever mindful of the comfort of Connecticut troops, appointed Dr. Webster agent to look out for any of the latter who might be in the various hospitals under his charge. The Fifth and Twentieth Regiments, which were in this Department, shared thus in his faithful ministries. For this extra service, he declined compensation, and though in the employ of the State, labored as a volunteer, his name never appearing on the pay-roll of the Common- wealth. The Sanitary and Christian Commissions furnished him liberally with all needful supplies for sick and wounded sol- 174 THE NORWICH MEMORIAL. diers, thus enabling him to provide with generous hand for their physical and spiritual wants. Few men labored with more self sacrificing devotion ; a true friend of the soldier, an ardent advocate of the rights of those whom " military necessity " obliged us to liberate, he was emphatically the man of all others to do the work he did. Quartermaster-general Aiken rendered also efficient aid in his position, cooperating with the Governor amid the press of his duties, the successful performance of which was not a little due to the cordial assistance of official associates. General Aiken bore the first dispatches, which the authorities at Washington received after the outbreak of hostilities, assuring them of speedy assistance, on the part of a loyal governor of a loyal State. He reached Washington at ten p. m., Wednesday, April 24th, and, re- porting immediately to General Scott, found him at his headquarters, attended only by two members of his staff. After he had read the paper from Governor Buckingham, which General Aiken presented, he said, excitedly, " Sir, you are the first man I have seen with a written dispatch for three days. I have sent out men every day to get intelligence of the Northern troops ; not one of them has returned. Where are the troops .''" At ten o'clock the next day General Aiken calling on President Lincoln, found him alone in his business room up-stairs, looking towards Arlington Heights, through a wide open window, near which stood a spy-glass, or telescope, which he had just been using. After reading the dispatches directed to him, with measured em- phasis, and amid evident depression of spirits, he asked, " What is the North about .'' Do they know our condi- tion ? " Before General Aiken left Washington that day he saw the white flag run up over the Capitol, which was the signal that the first Northern troops had arrived, and soon the famous Seventh Regiment of New York entered SOLDIERS' RELIEF. — CITIZEN-SERVICE. 175 the city, bringing hope and assurance of safety at a most critical moment. Col. J. H. Almy is another of our citizens whose labors were of a nature entitling him to special mention and re- gard. Commissioned as Assistant Quartermaster-general, he established himself in New York, devoting his whole time to facilitating the transit of our troops, to minister- ing to the wants of the sick, and looking out for the gen- eral welfare of Connecticut soldiers. With noble efficiency throughout the war he discharged the duties of his respon- sible post, and with admirable executive ability saw that the sick and wounded were cared for, and that his office should afford such help and information as the throngs that visited it sought. His disbursements for the needy and sick were very large, and met by the expenditure in part of his own salary, and in part by the generous contributions of the sons of Connecticut. The daily gen- eral business of his agency showed the versatile service and earnest devotion of the man. Among its duties were, the collection of back-pay and bounties ; correcting errors in passes and descriptive lists ; obtaining of furloughs ; re- ception of boxes of sanitary goods and the prompt ship- ment of the same to their several destinations ; care of bas:- gage ; procuration of regimental flags, guidons, together with musical instruments for various bands, and small arms for officers ; discharges for sick and disabled soldiers, and responses to letters inquiring for the missing, sick, or dead. At the end of four years his record showed that more than two hundred thousand soldiers of Connecticut and other States, sixty thousand of them sick and wounded, had passed through his hands, all receiving transportation, many being otherwise assisted. His office was like unto " Interpreter's House," in Bunyan's story. He himself was a universal good Samaritan, as the num- 176 THE NORWICH MEMORIAL. bers of those he cared for with a brother's sympathy and liberality can attest. Connecticut had no more useful ser- vant than he was, and his best eulogy is in the gratitude of soldiers, who never think of him without invoking blessings on him for his kindly work. The following testimony by Adjutant-general Williams was borne to the efficient and varied efforts put forth by Colonel Almy, during the war: — " The services of Colonel John H. Almy, of New York City, who was appointed by your Excellency as Assistant Quartermaster- general for the purpose of extending aid to our volunteers pass- ing through the city, and to assist and advise the friends of sick or deceased soldiers, have been of the most extended and bene- ficial character. His whole time has been devoted to this noble object, and the zeal and efficiency of his labors can be attested by thousands of grateful hearts. The sick and wounded soldier re- turning to his home has always found in him a friend whose sym- pathies were wrought into practical form, and many an anxious wife, mother, or sister has received valuable advice and directions in their efforts for the relief of a suffering husband, son, or brother in the field or hospital." It is to the credit of our town, that so universally our citizens were eager to render any and every assistance to the cause, and to those who went forth to do battle in its behalf, of none could it be said " facile princeps," for the motto of the royal crest seemed to have been adopted by all, " Ich dien," — I serve. In this home-service all classes of our people were zealous to share, and they brought to it a self-sacrificing, generous spirit, that makes it worthy of honorable record. XI. THE SOLDIERS' AID SOCIETY." — WOMAN'S WORK. 1861-65. " No sword have I, no battle-blade, Nor shining spear ; how shall I aid My country in her great crusade ? " I am a woman weak and slight, No voice to plead, no arm to fight, Yet burning to support the Right." Caroline A. Mason. THE Story of our war will never be fully or fairly writ- ten, if the achievements of woman in connection with it are untold. And yet their names are not to be found in official reports, nor gazetted for brilliant deeds, such as made many a soldier a hero in the country's sight. It was in hospitals, in Relief Associations in their native 178 • THE NORWICH MEMORIAL. towns, in private ministries to the comfort of those they had sent forth with their benedictions, that the patriotism of American women was seen and felt. The record of Norwich in this respect is one which is de- serving of lasting remembrance and honor. All that could be done by our ladies to provide for and encourage our soldiers, was done, with a rare persistency and devotion. From the memorable Sabbath, which followed the Presi- dent's first call for troops, when they sewed all day on the outfit of the first Norwich company that went forth to the strife, clear through the long years of the war, they were unwearied in their zeal to do for the comfort and cheer of those in the army. Beginning, as was just stated, their public labors in behalf of the soldiers, on Sabbath, April twenty-first, they continued these noble efforts, which the stern necessities of the crisis made for a while so urgent, for a number of days. As the result of their associated work in this form they made up nineteen hundred shirts of flannel, and checked cotton, besides other articles of apparel required by the soldiers for their outfit, which were never reported. It was owing to their timely services, so cordially and un- falteringly rendered, that the first companies from Norwich were put in readiness for their prompt departure. During these busy, exciting days, when the Norwich ladies met daily in Breed Hall to sew, the following was the favorite song, which ofttimes relieved the tedium of their work, and gave expression to the feelings, which at this early stage of the war were well-nigh universally shared. The song was written by one of their number, who sub- sequently became a leading spirit in connection with the " Soldier's Aid," and was first sung by a choir of young ladies on the balcony of the " Wauregan House," on the occasion of the departure of Captain Chester's company. THE SOLDIERS' AID SOCIETY." — WOMAN'S WORK. 179 " What means this wild rush and commotion, In our homes once so peaceful and free } Why burns every patriot's devotion, For his country to die, if need be ? 'Tis that traitors heap insult upon her. Now they boldly come forward to view, And our flag trails in dust and dishonor, The flag of the red, white, and blue. " Our flag to our eyes is the emblem Of all that the soul holds most dear ! To defend it, we'll show the proud boaster, Northern men neither tremble nor fear ! In such danger 'tis no time to dally. We'll swear to be faithful anew ; Party names all forgetting, we'll rally . Round the flag of the red, white, and blue. " O my country ! to-day on thy altar Our best treasures most freely we lay ; In thy honor no true man will falter, But boldly stand up, come what may ! While we breathe, we'll desert her cause never, We'll all to our colors prove true, The Flag of our Union forever — Three cheers for the red, white, and blue." E. P. The " Soldier's Aid Society " was soon after organized, and was the chief organization which the patriotism of Norwich ladies made so serviceable to the soldiers in the field. Its history, from the commencement to the close of its existence, forms a splendid memorial of their earnest efforts in ministering to the comfort of Connecticut troops. The Society was organized in September, 1861, under a call to furnish woolen stockings for the soldiers. Dona- tions of yarn were received, and quickly by willing fingers transformed into warm socks. Considerable finished work was also contributed. At Governor Buckingham's sugges- tion, an arrangement was soon made for supplying regi- l8o THE NORWICH MEMORIAL. mental hospitals ; and the ladies of Norwich assumed the especial care of the Sixth, Eighth, Eleventh, and Thirteenth Regiments. They called upon the ladies of New London and Windham Counties to cooperate, who generously re- sponded with the proffer of their services. The Society found an increasing field of usefulness opened before it, and sought, with the necessities engendered by the long continuance of the war, to enlarge its operations. This of course added to the labor of those connected with the organization and made the tax upon time and personal ser- vice by no means small. At the head of this Aid Society, stood Miss Elizabeth Greene, whose untiring zeal and personal superintendence secured for it that efficiency and widening scope, which made it second to no other kindred association in the State. With time and means at her own command, her work in connection with the Society was one prompted by the purest patriotism, while her executive skill and womanly tact kept up the interest in it, and rallied to its enthusiastic support all classes in the commu- nity. Long will she be remembered, by those whom she befriended ; and among the many titles she won, for her rare graces of character, and her devotion to other's good, none will place her higher, or be cherished longer, than the onc'her war labors especially gained her, — " The sol- dier's friend." She put her whole heart into her sacrificial serving during the years of the rebellion, and made the sympathy and help of Norwich women felt by Connecticut troops wherever they were to be found, in camp, hospital, or prison. With Miss Greene were associated two other ladies, who shared with her the management and personal direction of the Society's labors — Miss Carrie L. Thomas, and Miss Eliza P. Perkins. With a fidelity and ardor that •was steadfastly maintained, they stood to their posts of laborious service, ably systematizing and seconding the "THE SOLDIERS' AID SOCIETY." — WOMAN'S WORK. l8l great work the Society had in hand. Miss Emeline Nor- ton, towards the latter part of the war, held a responsible position in the Society's management, and gave of her time and strength to keep up its efforts. In the first year of its existence the Society received : — October. By thirty-three subscriptions from Norwich Ladies $139 65 October 26. By the Nightingales 29 33 November. By the Norwich Patriotic Fund . . . 200 00 December. By Personal subscriptions 57 94 Total for 1861 ^26 92 For the second year (1862) the receipts were By Norwich Ladies .... Norwich Gentlemen . The Nightingales .... Christ Church .... East Main Street Methodist Church Greeneville Congregational Church Sachem Street Methodist Church Central Methodist Free Church St. Mary's (R. C.) Church . First Congregational Church Broadway Congregational Church Central Baptist Church Second Congregational Church Universal ist Church . . ' . Grace Church .... Trinity Church .... First Baptist Church Christ Church Fair Music Vale Seminary . Three Concerts, 152, 48, and 144 Soldier in Potomac Army Soldier in Eighteenth Regiment Miscellaneous .... Subscribers .... Lisbon Lady ..... Ladies' Association, Old Saybrook 5291 43 250 54 43 50 67 00 38 58 go 00 49 50 63 00 52 54 lOI CO 192 19 53 86 497 65 40 00 25 00 71 00 18 20 710 00 15 00 344 00 50 CO 1 00 5 05 37 00 5 00 2 00 1 82 THE NORWICH MEMORIAL. Patriotic Fund $200 00 Lyceum Lecture Committee 55 °° Total for 1862 . . . . $3,369 04 The receipts for the third year (1863) were as follows : — 1863. By Norwich Ladies $468 67 Norwich Gentlemen 1,211 70 Nightingales 130 90 Wendell Phillips 50 00 Miscellaneous 21 27 Patriotic Fund 100 00 Christ Church Collection ...... 75 75 Montville Congregational Church 8 80 Thompson Soldiers' Aid ...... 22 95 Mystic Island 16 00 Hopeville Young People's Soldier's Aid ... 10 00 " Up Street " 20 00 Contributors . . . . . . . . 6 50 Total for 1863 .... $2,142 54 So far as the accounts of the " Aid " can be made out, from the monthly reports published in the daily paper, the receipts for the fourth year (1865) were as follows : — 1864, Nov. to 1865, Sept. By Christ Church Collection $25 00 First Congregational Church . . . • 96 53 Collections 143 28 Hume's Reading ....... 147 25 Contributors ....... 674 36 Miscellaneous 9 43 Sale of Photographs ...... 40 50 Soldiers ......... 25 co Sale of sundries ....... 14 90 Juvenile Society . . . . . . . 15 00 Total from Nov. 1864, to Sept. 1865 . $1,191 25 This hardly represents the exact receipts of the " Aid for the years 1864-65," but owing to the loss of the Society's THE SOLDIERS' AID SOCIETY." — WOMAN'S WORK. 183 account-book, it is given as the nearest approximate returns possible under the circumstances. The number of articles sent off by the " Soldiers' Aid," so far as they can be itemized, are as follows : — Total. Bed-sacks 460 Quilts 1,213 Sheets 2,021 Blankets 290 Pillow-sacks 392 Pillovv-cases 2,018 Pillows . . 1,139 Flannel Shirts l>993 Cotton Shirts 2,359 Second-hand Shirts • . '. . 793 Drawers 1,519 Wrappers 403 Socks 6,587 Bandages. Lint and Old Linen. Total. Slippers 623 Towels 3,122 Handkerchiefs i,773 Mittens 1,264 Pincushions 613 Thread-bags 441 Coats 79 Vests 84 Pants 65 Bound Books 438 Wine — Bottles 284 Vegetables — Bo.xes .... 2 Pickles — Boxes 30 Dried Fruit and Jellies. These various articles were distributed thus : i' 1 OT3 erry .« = = T3 4J J3 .Si, o 9 •B-s c c o i i" tfi t ^ -6 s^-i •^ '^ O . c 1 5 "5. 1 ° SS 1 h% o ^ n^-a O U oo 'n re c ^■£^2 JJ-ii "" 1 S' P " O PQ - 1 •sjjiiis - 1 >i 1 1 1 1 1 1 m "'' 1 1 1 1 uono3 trj *H i" > W •sjaiqo 1 1^1 1 1 1 1 « pp) t 1 1 1 1 p. -a3>lpuEH 00 -t-O tr. ■s. u •suajjijM 1 f, Tf 1 o> 1 1 1 1 1 1 pp^ 1 1 1 ?• o in "__ -I- N ■* Q •saaddiis O 1 1 1 1 III" 1 1 1 1 1 o < a> . a> 0=0 m ^ N vO 00 P^ W •sia.viox ^o mo n M ~ 1 1 1 1 s" s. K H ro M -^ «^ vO W M 00 •s^aaqs vO 1 00 r^ -i- D in t^ ■* 1 1 1 1 1 1 bJG ^ > n 00 o o o -i- .-J- PI PI p^ O PI || Q •S^JDOg - 1 CC t^ t^ PJ >ri -)• 1 ^ t^ 1 lO PI * 3 i 13 "" "i IS •sjjiqs ^0 1 m -4- m 00 00 p> n 1 1/1 -*■ pn 1 ppi 1 O PP) >o ^2 puuKi.1 M rr, l| M CO * 00 00 PI 00 CO ■SJ3MB.IQ t^ 1 ■<*- N PI M 1 ■«■ M 1 1 1 1 1 c i: '-0 £ Jo ^ PO M CO 00 " O •saaddci^ t^ 1 ■* 1 1 1 M - 1 1 1 1 1 1 b H uT "^ «< •S3SE3 o" 1 8 m 8 1 1^1 s. , , 1 1 1 1 m ^ ^oiiik p^ ~ " ^ •S}3>lUE[a; ' '^" IC 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 O uT ei ^ O ■S>1DES t^ 1 1 ■«- O M m"2 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 o* paa •** i-pi c H •s.ttoind s- 1 ^ I 1 •- M 1 1 1 t 1 1 1 c >o>o >o vO •sjimO I^ i 00 PP) " 1 1 1 CO 1 1 1 1 1 1 .5 . • .'-^ . C H "r^ . . . C . re 're - ■ c X : ^ ■p. >, o .2<; •c O h Id Q X < o C 11 c 1 p: > ill )3w H o c *> r; Q re > U c c o U 1 1 i! i THE SOLDIERS' AID SOCIETY." — WOMAN'S WORK. 185 Besides the supplies forwarded to these enumerated regi- ments and associations, the " Aid " was solicited to con- tribute to the following, and did so with a generous hand. Hospital at Fort Schuyler ; National Freedmen's Society, Washington ; First Regiment S. C. Volunteers ; New Haven General Hospital ; Freedmen at Port Royal, Dr. Peck ; Freedriien at Washington, Dr. Webster ; Chesapeake Hos- pital ; Fortress Monroe, Miss Ramsey ; Mrs. J. G. Piatt, Washington ; Mrs. Tyler, Philadelphia ; Freedmen at New- bern. MONEYS EXPENDED BY THE " AID." For Flannel $3, 181 57 For Ticking 267 17 Sheeting, Shirting, Calico 1,348 55 Toweling 16 00 Medicines I33 40 Transportation, Carpentry, Sundries i>529 34 Yarn $i,i43 48 Mittens 72 23 David's Island Hospital . 65 00 Connecticut State Agent . 25 00 Needy Soldiers and families 128 00 Total from 1861-65, $7)909 74 All the clothing and surplus funds remaining on hand at the close of the war were distributed, through the " Aid," for the benefit of soldiers and their families. These statistics give but little idea of the personal labor of the ladies. For the articles they sent away had for the most part to be made up, and represent an amount of work which only the industrious hands of women could perform, and which was a serious tax upon their time and strength. Then, in addition to this simple plying of the needle, on them fell largely the work of collecting the funds they received, representing an amount of solicitation which cost many weary walks, and the most diligent persistency in presenting the claims of the Society to individual con- tributors. In the fall of 1862, when all the churches in Norwich took up in behalf of the " Aid " a collection, this generous action on their part was secured through the efforts of a special 1 86 THE NORWICH MEMORIAL. committee, consisting of Mrs. Charles Johnson and Mrs. John B. Young, who took great pains in bringing the matter before all the several church committees. The result was, that all the congregations, including St. Mary's (R. C), re- sponded. To the faithful and cheerfully rendered service of these two ladies was the exchequer of the Society in- debted for the handsome sums it received from the churches. In September, 1862, the ladies of Christ Church held a fair, for which they worked with the utmost enthusiasm, and from which they netted for benefit of the " Aid " seven hun- dred and ten dollars. In April, 1864, after the most pains- taking preparation, an elaborate exhibition was given in Breed Hall, for the " Soldiers' Aid," lasting through the greater part of a week. The programme, which was changed each evening, embraced tableaux, charades, statuary, of the most finished description. Amateur vocalists of the city, to- gether with White's Band, contributed their services for the occasion. Many of the costumes were procured from out of town, and every possible effort was made to render the entertainment of unequaled variety and completeness. Between fifty and sixty ladies and gentlemen took part, and their representations were with every advantage that appropriate costume, and study of the characters personated, could secure. The exhibition was the most artistic and successful ever witnessed in this city, and reflected the greatest credit upon the committee, who spent most of their time for three weeks in arranging for it. To Miss Gertrude May, Mrs. David Young, Miss Eme- line Norton, Miss Hannah Ripley, Miss Elizabeth Greene, Mrs. Gardiner Greene, and Mrs. John B. Young, who, with rare taste, and patient labor, projected and superintended this unique entertainment, was the " Soldiers' Aid " in- debted for the handsome resultant of nearly nine hundred "THE SOLDIERS' AID SOCIETY." — WOMAN'S WORK. 187 dollars. The public appreciated their patriotic services, and the exhibition was attended throughout by large crowds, eliciting the heartiest applause. Some of the charades were composed for the occasion, while many of the tableaux were original. Not a few of our citizens well remember the in- tense enjoyment these entertainments afforded, and recall even now with just pride the industry and zeal of those who wrought their patriotism into so delightsome and useful a form. Aside from its regular work of preparing and forward- ing supplies to the sick and wounded of our soldiers, the " Aid " not infrequently sought to diversify and add to its usual labors. In November, 1862, in response to an appeal of Colonel J. H. Almy to furnish pies for the Thanksgiving dinner of the Connecticut soldiers encamped on Long Island, the " Aid " received one hundred and sixty pies of various kinds, which were carefully packed in boxes and promptly forwarded. These indispensables of the Yankee's Thanks- giving feast were keenly appreciated by the soldiers, and brought back some feeling acknowledgments. Again, in November, 1864, the "Aid" issued an appeal to the public for contributions toward furnishing a " Thanks- giving " to Connecticut Regiments. Somehow there was a sort of secret power to these appeals of the Society which made them always effective. The ladies of the " Aid " had the art of putting, as well as doing things, that made them successful in all their patriotic undertakings. So it proved in this instance, for their report runs thus : — " Received five hundred and seventy-four dollars, two hundred and fifteen turkeys, one hundred and nniety-nine pies, thirty-three chickens, ninety-six cans of tomatoes, four and three-quarters barrels of apples, twelve tongues, forty-five bottles of pickles. Also, divers roast geese, spare-ribs, beef a la mode, corned beef, 1 88 THE NORWICH MEMORIAL. roast veal, brown bread, sugar, cheese, oranges, crackers, ginger- bread, cake, crullers, doughnuts, cookies, ginger-snaps, nuts, rai- sins, plum-puddings, tobacco. From out of town, — two boxes of turkeys, etc.. North Stonington ; two barrels turkeys, chickens, etc., and one box of apple-sauce, Dayville ; one large box roast turkeys, Windham ; three smaller boxes roast turkeys, chickens, etc., Danielsonville." All told, these contributions filled twenty-one barrels and seven boxes, and were forwarded to the Eighth, Ninth, Tenth, Eleventh, Thirteenth, Twenty-first, and Twenty- ninth Regiments. Three hundred dollars were spent for turkeys, chickens, etc., for Connecticut soldiers on the James River, and in the Shenandoah Valley. One hundred dollars were appropriated for purchasing supplies for sick and wounded soldiers of the State in Washington hospitals. One hun- dred and seventy-four dollars were applied to the Thanks- giving pleasures of sick and wounded soldiers and returned prisoners at David's Island. The stores were generously conveyed free of charge by Adams' Express to New York. Such remembrances as the ladies of the " Aid " received from the happy soldiers, can be better imagined than de- scribed. One of the turkeys forwarded had a note attached, addressed " to any soldier or sailor who may receive this Thanksgiving gift," and brought back promptly this feeling acknowledgment : — Camp of Mounted Rifles, i Kautz's Cavalry, A^ovember 25, 1864. \ Mr. , Dear Sir : I have just risen from eating a good dinner off your turkey, — a jolly good soldier's dinner ; and with it was received your kind and sympathising letter, which added good sauce, making a kind gift the better from feeling how truly you felt for us who are in the field, facing the common foe. It is not in the power of my pen to describe the feeling of satisfac- tion and pleasure, and of gratitude, we all feel that those at .^^ "THE SOLDIERS' AID SOCIETY." — WOMAN'S WORK. 1 89 home could think of the poor soldier. Accept the thanks of one who really enjoyed your bounty. May the good God spare you to eat many Thanksgiving dinners, restore yours in safety to you, and prosper you in all the pursuits of life. Accept, again, the grateful thanks of one who enjoyed your kind gifts, with this ac- knowledgment of its safe arrival and proper disposition. Your grateful and obliged friend, * A Mounted Rifle. Lieutenant-colonel Peale wrote back a warm letter of thanks in behalf of the regiment, whose Thanksgiving bounties made them feel peculiarly loving towards the " Sol- diers' Aid." No more welcome " birds " could have been sent to the brave men who were still roughing it amid war's duties and hardships, than these savory turkeys and chickens, and to a New England soldier it was next to be- ing at home, to have one of the.se pleasant reminders of the great family feast of the year, well supplemented with a genuine Yankee pie. The following letter from Dr. C. B. Webster, to the " Aid," will show the nature of his labors, and the assistance which was cheerfully accorded him : — Washington, Febmary 7, 1863. I learn that the " Soldiers' Aid "in Norwich will cooperate with friends of the contrabands in providing clothing for these destitute people. You may have learned already that I am sta- tioned at the Contraband Camp Hospital in this city. Seeing every day the pressing wants of the sick at this camp, my thoughts turn at once to benevolent friends in Norwich, whose hearts and hands have ever been ready for every good work. We have here about eleven hundred refugees from slavery. More than three hundred are sick and under medical treatment. Government furnishes to them army rations and medicines. For many supplies almost indispensable to the sick, and for clothing of all kinds these people must still look to the liberality of be- nevolent friends. 13 IQO THE NORWICH MEMORIAL. This demand is met to some extent by the Quakers of Phila- delphia and New York, but with the numbers to be supplied here, at Alexandria, at Fortress Monroe and the great South- west, and these numbers likely to increase, it will be seen that the call is urgent. These people come with their little all, con- tained in most cases in a bundle or box, which a woman can " tote " upon her head. Their great possession they consider their free- dom. The camp is constantly changing, and this is the reason of the continual demand for clothing. The able-bodied find employ- ment soon after arrival, and go out, leaving their places to be supplied by new comers, who sometimes arrive to the number of one hundred and fifty a day. Many of these, however, become sick from exposure on their journey, and are obliged to remain. They need stout clothing, of the coarsest material, large, thick shoes for both men and women, and socks are greatly in demand. Anything, literally anything, in the shape of a garment of any kind can be put to immediate and good service. Nothing can come amiss. We have two hundred patients in the Small-pox Hospital. We greatly need clothing wherewith to furnish them when they are able to go out, after recovery, or for decent burial. Many thou- sand must die in the transition from bondage to freedom, and it is sad in the extreme to see the sufferings of great numbers of these poor people, alleviated only by the thought that they die free, and do not leave their children slaves. May I not appeal through you to many kind friends of the poor in Norwich for the ability to supply a portion of the pressing want ? The " Aid " at once issued their call for contributions, and with the usual success. Many a box went to this camp from this Society which attested the wide sympathy of the ladies, and the promptitude with which they responded to every new appeal for help. The " Soldiers' Aid," as will be seen from the facts already "THE SOLDIERS' AID SOCIETY." — WOMAN'S WORK. I91 given, sent their supplies wherever needed, and did not con- fine their ministries to Connecticut regiments exckisively. They were as impartial in their serving as such patriotic ardor as they manifested could alone have made them. Among the many fortunate recipients of their favors was the First Regiment South Carolina Volunteers, un- der command of that brave soldier Colonel Higginson. He was among the first to advocate the emancipation of the slaves, and the enlistment of the most capable into the military service of the United States. And ever ready to do what he so eloquently urged as an act of justice and a measure fraught with incalculable benefit to the Union cause, he accepted the colonelcy of the first regiment of blacks organized in South Carolina. Our " Aid " had the honor of contributing the first box of supplies to these swarthy soldiers, and their noble Colo- nel sent the ladies the following acknowledgment : — Headquarters First Regiment S. C. V., | Camp Saxton, February 13, 1863. ( : Your inestimable box arrived here yesterday in perfect order, the packing being worthy of the contents. It was re- ceived with delight by Dr. Rogers and myself, and all the greater from the fact that since our last successful expedition our thoughts have been much occupied with sickness, and we have been com- pelled to enlarge our hospital accommodation. This is, I find, the sickly period of the year for the negroes — February and March, — while the summer is such for the whites. The physique of these people is peculiar. They have not the toughness of the whites, but instead of this have greater susceptibility, both of disease and cure. They have a great tendency to pneumonia and pleurisy, and the only way is to take each case very promptly, when they can be cured with the facility of children, while twenty-four hours delay may prove fatal. You will see how directly this bears on 192 THE NORWICH MEMORIAL. the importance of hospital conveniences, and this gives a pecu- liar value to your donation. It is the only donation we have received from the North, ex- cept a box of mittens just received from Worcester, for the use of our guard at night. The nights here are often uncomfortably cold, ice forming in the tents, though the days are warm. Just now. however, we are having weather like our Northern May. It is impossible to command this people and not become at- tached to them. Under military organization they are so prompt and ready in service, so cheerful and patient in action, so free from inconvenient vices, and in general so confiding and so little troublesome. On the other hand, in battle they show a fiery energy which must give them an important part in the history of the war. I feel sure that no one who aids their usefulness will have reason to repent it. With sincere thanks, in behalf of the regiment, to the " Sol- diers' Aid Society," I am most cordially yours. Thomas W. Hioginson, Cohniel Coniinaiiditig First Regijiient S. C. V. Aside from those ladies we have already had occasion to name, there w^ere others whose fervid loyalty prompted them to services deserving special mention. The " Soldiers' Aid " received an invitation to be repre- sented in the great Northwestern Fair, held in Chicago, in October, 1863, under the auspices of the Sanitary Commis- sion. The response was prompt and hearty, and resulted in the preparation and shipment of a large box filled with articles and gifts from the ladies of this city and vicinity. These donations were exhibited first in the large windows of the " Soldiers' Aid" room, making a display which was creditable to the taste and industry of the .contributors. A letter from one who visited the Fair makes the fol- lowing reference to this handsome donation from the "Aid'': — "THE SOLDIERS' AID SOCIETY." — WOMAN'S WORK. -193 " As a Norwich boy, I am proud of the part that was taken by its citizens in not only sending some beautiful articles to the Fair, but also sending a delegation to see them. And here let me say that 'Old Connecticut' was represented by one of the handsomest booths, and some of the finest articles on exhibi- tion. God bless her ; she has done her part towards giving our brave soldiers over sixty-five thousand dollars. Who says we of the Northwest can ' leave New England out in the cold ' after this." The " Aid Society " acqtiired a wide reputation for its efificiency, and calls were made upon it from various parts of the country. It kept such a steady stream of supply flowing toward the needy in our army, that abroad the im- pression prevailed that it must be a much larger organiza- tion than it really was. It had indeed a wider constituency than that represented by Norwich ladies, indefatigable in good worki^ as they were. For, to the honor of the ladies of New London and Windham Counties, it should be re- corded, that they generously contributed of their money and effort to it, and the Relief Associations formed in the adjoining towns wisely and cordially became auxiliaries to it. So that it was the grand " Soldiers' Aid Society " for Eastern Connecticut, with its headquarters here, and the leading spirits to whose direction and peerless devotion it owed its name and usefulness, were residents of Norwich. Now that we can look back and review its history, a juster estimate than ever before can be formed as to that unwearied labor and sacrifice, which through all the years of our war made this agency so widely beneficent in its influence. Hereafter the " Soldiers' Aid Society " of Norwich will be- come the historic witness to the earnest patriotism of the ladies of this town, and of those who in New London and Windham Counties contributed to its treasury and stores o^ supplies. 194 THE NORWICH MEMORIAL. We presume very few of our citizens had at the time any very just idea of the amount and extent of the work done by the ladies connected with the " Soldiers' Aid." Their rooms in the Rockwell Building were always the scene of the utmost activity. Here were delivered boxes and packages from auxiliary societies scattered throughout the adjoining counties, where they were carefully repacked and forwarded to their destinations. All the boxes they sent off, were with but few, if any ex- ceptions, safely received ; a fact quite creditable to the business tact and care of the managers at the rooms. Had it been possible to find the letters received by the " Aid," acknowledging the supplies sent forth by it, they would have best revealed how widely distributed were its stores, how keenly appreciated by the recipients, and how prompt and generous were the responses to those who appealed to this Society for help. Among the knitters of stockings, was a Mrs. Prudence Stoddard, of Noank, aged ninety-four, who sent in with a pair of her own knitting, a note, stating that she had had the privilege of knitting stockings for our soldiers during three wars, beginning with the Revolution. Another lady in Lisbon, aged ninety-one, sent in to the " Aid " one pair of stockings, and one pair of mittens, her own handiwork. Mrs. Cady, of Norwich Falls, and Mrs. Thomas Lathrop, of Norwich Town, aged ninety-two, contributed stockings knit by their yet nimble hands. Among the most efficient of the societies, auxiliary to " The Soldiers* Aid," was the one supported by Norwich town ladies, whose activity in every good cause entitles them to the highest praise. The name adopted for this sister " Aid Society " was, " The Nightingales," and with most commendable zeal and generous emulation did they labor through the years of our conflict, contributing to the "THE SOLDIERS' AID SOCIETY." — WOMAN'S WORK. 195 " Norwich Aid " a steady stream of the choicest stores, and articles for the comfort of our troops. It originated about the same time that the " Aid " did, under Mrs. Henry Thomas and Mrs. Daniel W. Coit. These two ladies were ably assisted by others, until for constancy and effectiveness in their beneficent giving and working, the Nightingales were unsurpassed. This Society kept no books of its own, and only a part of what it accomplished appears in the incomplete reports we have given of the " Soldiers' Aid." Everything contributed to the latter by it, was carefully recorded, and no auxilliary was more regular or generous in the offerings it made to the cause. The Nightingales had a quiet method of working, rather characteristic of all their charitable undertakings ; but it was exceedingly productive, and the soldiers in the field or hospital soon came to recognize what came from them. They cooperated so continuously with the larger Society, that the two seemed more like one organization divided into branches for convenience in laboring. Miss Carrie L. Thomas was among the most active in keeping the Nightingales to their devoted work, and served as a sort of secretary, reporting to the " Aid " their contri- butions in money and supplies. The Greeneville ladies acquired a high name for their pa- triotic devotion to the soldiers. They were steady contrib- utors to the " Soldiers' Aid," and were unflagging in their zeal to do whatever would prove helpful to those who were sick or in want. In 1863, they forwarded two boxes of sup- plies to the Union prisoners in Richmond ; one box was sent to Libby, and the other directed to Belle Isle. By the colored ladies in Norwich was organized, February tenth, 1864, the first " Aid Society," to render assistance to the sick and needy in the two colored regiments sent forth 19^ THE NORWICH MEMORIAL. by the State. Mrs. Walter Burr stood at the head of this association, and with the circle specially interested in its operations did much for the welfare of the members of the Twenty-ninth and Thirtieth Regiments. The record of the doings of this agency has unfortunately been lost, which prevents our giving a summary of what was accomplished. The following interesring incident, memorializing the patriotism of one of our Norwich ladies, now gone to her exceeding great reward, is worthy of record here. She was among the most active in doing aught that was possible for the comfort of the soldiers, though her labors were so unob- trusive, that not all knew of their extent. Among her papers the following memorandum was found, which will recall her to those who shared with her in the works to which she and others gave themselves during our exciting war years : — " July 4, 1864. " To-day, the anniversary of our glorious independence, I have completed the one hundredth pair of socks that I have knitted for the brave soldiers, who are nobly sustaining the honor of our country on many a hard fought battle-field. God grant them success. Theirs will be the glory when the Stars and Stripes wave over a united nation. For them are our prayers, and to them we look with hopeful hearts for the restoration of peace and pros- perity in all our borders. The soldier who receives this pair of socks will gratify me by advising me of the same." The answer came back after her death, and was a response that showed a brave and thoughtful soldier had been the recipient of her humble gift. On the completion of her fiftieth pair, a similar note had accompanied it, to which there was returned the following grateful acknowledgment : — "THE SOLDIERS' AID SOCIETY." — WOMAN'S WORK. 197 Steam Transport " Atlantic," Mississippi K\nv.v., Sc'ptembi'7- ^o, 1863. Dear Madam, — I received a pair of stockings, just before leaving Vicksburg, in which was a note stating that they were the fiftieth pair you had knitted, and donated to the soldiers. You say your prayer is always "for those who are battling for right and their country." Would that the same was felt and uttered by all we leave behind us in the North. I much regret that we have foes both North and South to contend with, but we must trust in " Him who rules all things," and feel that right and jus- tice will in the end triumph. We are enduring hardships and privations that but a few months since seemed almost impossibilities ; are doing it to pro- tect our once glorious and yet much-loved country. We have left those behind who are dearer than life itself, and have rallied for the protection of the " old flag." We must, we shall succeed. Many have already fallen, and many more will doubtless meet a soldier's fate before the rebels are conquered ; and if it is decreed we shall no more in this life meet our dear ones at home, may God in mercy grant that we may meet where parting is no more. Allow me to thank you for these stockings ; thank you for the kind interest you manifest in the welfare of the soldiers, and may I think that 1 have an interest in the prayers of the donor, though a stranger. We have now started on an expedition to the relief of Gen- eral Rosecrans, and expect to have to march some three hundred miles. Excuse, and believe me very respectfully Yours, W. H. Keeling, Co. H, First Battalion iT,th U. S. Infantry {General S/iertnan's Army Corps), Cairo, Illinois. Among the most patriotic and devoted of our ladies dur- ing the rebellion, was Mrs. Dr. Webster. She shared in the IQS the NORWICH MEMORIAL. toils of her husband among the Freedmen, and subsequently served with him in his hospital work, becoming a valuable assistant through her own tender ministries to their comfort and relief. When in Washington, while Dr. Webster had charge of the Freedmen's Camp, she commenced the first school ever taught among them. At Springdale Camp at Arlington, she opened a day school, attended by from fifty to sixty pupils. While at four other contiguous camps, she had schools every other day. At first she taught these neglected ones, just out of slavery, and in utter ignorance, from cards hung upon the camp buildings or upon trees. As they advanced, she had a sup- ply of suitable books procured for them. In this way she had, in all, the supervision of between five and six hundred scholars. Writing concerning them at one time, she said : " Twelve or fifteen out of this school of fifty are making rapid progress, learning as fast as any children, and all are well. Some are learning arithmetic remarkably fast." Again, when at Huntsville, she had charge of the school for the freed children. At this early date it was far from popular to have anything to do with these unfortunate people. She had the honor of being a pioneer in what has since become an extensive and confessedly noble work. Many were the ludicrous as well as painful scenes she witnessed, while laboring in behalf of the Freedmen. The following extract is from a letter of another of our Norwich ladies, who labored with signal zeal and devotion among the Freedmen of Newbern, showing to what works of beneficence an earnest patriotism prompted some of them. " LIFE AMONG THE FREEDMEN AT NEWBERN." '• We live in an apostolic manner, as far as a community of goods is concerned. Everybody borrows and begs of his neigh- "THE SOLDIERS' AID SOCIETY." — WOMAN'S WORK. 199 bor. You cannot buy or hire anything in a respectable and civilized way. If we wish to ride, Lieutenant F. is head of the Ambulance corps, and furnishes as many ambulances as we wish. "The chief quartermaster is an intimate friend of the family, and we have many fiivors through him. Lieutenant K. is head of the engineer department, and when we wanted a bell hung, he detailed a man to do it. The bell was found in one house, the wire in another, and after some days work, we can at last get a servant into the house without going out into the rain and cold to call him. Tonight, as it looked like clearing, we went out in an ambulance to Howell's Camp, to the entertainment given to the school, but Mrs. Hawley supposing we would not come in the storm, put it off till to-morrow night. We went into the schoolhouse and saw the tree, which looked beautifully. It was an odd ride ; the night was very dark, and the driver missed the road and came near overturning amidst the stumps outside the camp. Returning we rode through the streets, and the camp looked very bright and cheerful. There are no windows to the houses, but you could see the red firelight shining through the cracks between the logs. Many of the doors were open, showing the bright wood fire, and the families sitting round. All was quiet ; we did not see a person outside, e.xcept the guards at the church door, but there was singing everywhere. "We heard 'Rally round the Flag, boys,' 'Shout the Battle- cry of Freedom,' ' John Brown's body/ and as we rode farther on, the voice of prayer from a little gathering, and one of their old wild hymns, ' Jesus died on the cross, on the cross for me.' I never shall forget this last evening of the year. "New-year's Day in Newbern. I have had many a happy New- years Day as you well know, but none so truly happy as this one. Last night I could not sleep, and really watched for the morning. At ten, we went to the Methodist church to attend Miss Canady's Christmas tree. She has shown a great deal of taste in making wreaths and adornments for the church, which has been newly white-washed for the occasion, and with the beautiful tree laden with presents (mostly from the Norwich box), presented a charm- 200 THE NORWICH MEMORIAL. ing sight. The flag of the school hung from the singing gallery and a large cross of box was placed in front of the tree. The scholars sang a New-year's greeting, then Mr. James made an ad- dress in his happiest manner, followed by the song. There were one hundred and eighty-eight scholars present, from grown up women to little five year olds. A great bag was arranged on a table in front of the tree for the youngest children, who all passed by in order, each one putting in a little black hand, and it was as good as a play to see their faces as they examined the gift, and then held it up for their mothers and fathers to see, who lined the galleries on either side, looking down upon them with eager eyes. The presents of the tree were marked with the names of the scholars. AVhen we had seen them given out we left, the children rising respectfully when we passed down the aisle. Everything passed off with the greatest order and propriety, far more so than many of our Christmas celebrations at home. " In the afternoon there was a union meeting of all the schools, at the church, when the banners, which had been made by the teachers, were presented to the respective schools, by an appro- priate speech. Three of these addresses were by colored men. They all sang and cheered, and had a glorious time generally. They then marched in procession "to the ' teachers' house,' where they formed in a hollow square, sang ' Rally Round the Flag,' and cheered President Lincoln, General Butler, and the teachers. Then they called in front of our house, sang ' America,' cheered Mr. James, General Peck, and General Palmer, and separated, each school marching off to its own camp, in military order. " At sundown Mr. Johnson and I had an ambulance, and taking two of the teachers, started for Howell's Camp. It had cleared off cold, and by the time we arrived we felt as though we must be at home in the North, we were so freezing cold. Mrs. Haw- ley's tree was splendid. The log schoolhouse and church was full to overflowing, and the lights being all on the tree, behind it, gave a charming effect, much like a bit of fairy land springing out of darkness. Some young soldiers who came with the teachers, made short speeches, helped the children sing, and we "THE SOLDIERS' AID SOCIETY." — WOMAN'S WORK. 201 had a free and easy time. We had ' Rally Round the Flag,' ' Old John Brown,' 'Happy Land,' and other cheery songs, and left at eight o'clock, only because we could not get back to New- bern unless we came away then. The camp is without the lines, and the bridge over the creek is taken up by the picket guard every night at eight o'clock." Thtis earnestly, throtigh associated efitbrt, did our ladies seek to do what they could for the comfort and cheer of the soldiers. This, however, did not exhaust their patriotic zeal, for some were desirous of performing military duty in the only way allowed them by law. Accordingly, at their own expense, they procured acceptable representative recruits, and presented them for enlistment in the service, and in this way had a personal representation in the ranks of the Union Armies. The government, to meet such instances of noble patriotism, had certificates engraved, and issued by the War Department to the persons furnishing such recruits, as an official acknowledgment of their public spirit, and devotion to the weal of the country. The first of these ever issued to a Connecticut lady, was received by Mrs. Augusta E. Ely ; her sister. Miss Elizabeth Green, being the honored possessor of a similar one. The example of these two pa- triotic ladies was followed by others here and throughout the State. XII. '' Dtcltc ct decorum est pro patria mori.'''' "THE UNRETURNING BRAVE." " We think with imperious questionings, Of the brothers we have lost, And we strive to track in death's mystery, The flight of each valiant ghost." " No fear for them! In our lower field Let us toil with arms unstained, Till at last we be worthy to stand with them On the shining heights they've gained. We shall meet and greet in closing ranks, In Time's declining sun ; When the bugles of God shall sound recall. And the battle of Life be won." John Hav. IT is with a peculiar tenderness we gather up for memo- rial purposes the many names which make our lengthy " roll of the dead." Here come back to us the remembrances THE UNRETURNING BRAVE." 203 of brothers, and sons, and citizens ; — those who might have looked forward to contented and busy lives in the various pursuits they left, but who went forth at the sacred call of patriotism, and fell in the cause they risked all they held dear to maintain. Here we behold in impressive form what our war tax was. These names represent the real sacrifices of families and the community. From the fields where they fought, the smoke of battle has long since rolled away, and great Nature has mantled with her verdure each mound and bastion, but the work they wrought, the end for which they yielded up their lives abides secure. " Other men labored, and ye are entered into their labors," so we solemnly con- fess it to be true with us. It is fitting, therefore, that we enshrine in memorial phrase these names, which will ever live as symbols of nobleness and signs of endearment. Wiser laws, humaner institutions, liberties enlarged, and faith exalted, — these are the crimsoned trophies their blood, with that of others, secured us. These shall pro- claim in language more expressive than human lips can utter, in forms more significant than sculptured marble can exhibit, the work and memory of our lamented dead. Of the more than twelve hundred Norwich citizens (in- cluding representative recruits) who served in the ranks of our armies during the rebellion, and helped on the high seas to maintain the honor of the old flag, who followed through temporary defeat to ultim'ate victory the national standard, and at last saw the rebel colors go down upon the Ap- pomattox, and shared in the rejoicings with which a grateful nation celebrated its final triumph, one hundred and sixty- seven lost their lives. Forty were killed by the bullet on the field, and the rest died in camp, hospital, prison, or after returning to their homes. These, embracing sixteen com- missioned officers, and one hundred and fifty-one enlisted men, constitute the oblation made by Norwich to rebellion. 204 THE NORWICH MEMORIAL. Our list of the " unreturning brave" presents the names, so far as it has been possible to ascertain them, of all who went from this town, whether serving on its quota or not, and nobly proffered their own lives to secure the country from the perils that threatened its certain destruction. Our limited space and knowledge prevent us from speaking with equal fullness of detail of all these fallen heroes, whose sim- ple military records are here given. We do not claim for them any superior merit of devotion or courage over those who went from other towns and States, and met a like fate. We are justified in praising our own, for we knew their worth, and when they went forth to do battle in behalf of the cause their patriotism led them to espouse, they went in our names, and were followed by our prayers. It is meet therefore that we speak well of them, for we believe them to have been on the whole good soldiers and true men. They claim from us all a grateful remembrance. We cannot for- jret that those whom we here commemorate died in our places, and by their cheerful endurance of the hardships of their service, of death itself, saved the State. " Four hundred thousand men, The young, tlie brave, the true, In tangled wood, and mountain glen. On battle plain, in prison pen, Lie dead for me and you. For me and you — Four hundred thousand of the brave, Have made our ransomed soil their grave For me and you, Good friend, for me and you." To be a good soldier, to maintain an unblemished record, and command the respect of comrades and officers in all the trying scenes of war, is no easy task. Allusion just here may not be inappropriate to that which we shall have no opportunity of referring to- later in our "THE UNRETURNING BRAVE." 205 narrative. Against some of the names on our " Roll of Honor," will be found recorded that which carries the im- peachment of disgrace, and it is a cause of sincere regret, at this late date, when the issues of the conflict have largely disappeared, to find our representatives in the Union armies branded with the word " deserter," or with what is indica- tive of ignominious punishment. We have preferred not to enter into any discussion as to the cases of such, but rather leave them to appear as they do, exceptional ; and from the fact that but few names are thus shaded over with aught dishonorable, to claim with greater confidence for our soldiers in general, a more than average record for courage and fidelity. We know but very little of the circumstances of those whose military history, according to the Adjutant's rolls, was not above reproach. And we are apt now to forget what some high-spirited and true men had to suffer from incompetent or severe officers ; what disappointments in the way of promotions, earned or promised, embittered them, and tempted them to unsoldierly conduct. There were well established instances where those who had of- fended, through thoughtlessness of consequences, or through unusual temptations, were treated with a military rigor which gave some army officers the reputation of arbitrary and needless severity. There were yet other instances where the accused were technically guilty, but the mitigat- ing circumstances so numerous, as to make the execution of the sentence impolitic, if not unjust. We do not claim that all our representatives proved in the army all that we fondly hoped they would. We simply bespeak a charitable judgment upon every soldier, whose record is not altogether stainless. Thankful ought we rather to be, that our boys bore themselves so well, and with such uniform honor For they were away from home restraints, and exposed to the 14 206 THE NORWICH MEMORIAL. demoralizing influences inseparable from war ; they were often brought into contact with bad men, who had entered the army with unworthy motives ; many of them were in what they regarded as the enemy's country, and were tempted to chafe under that military surveillance which kept ihem from indulging in private forays upon what the rules of war obliged them to leave intact. There were, however, many instances of private daring, and self-sacrificing service, which more than counterbal- anced whatever brings discredit upon any on our " roll of honor." There were brave deeds performed by privates which never caught the eye of reporters, and so never found their way into the public papers. Of J. Dickinson Ripley, Hospital Steward of the Eight- eenth, who lost his life soon after the war closed, in the burning of the steamer " Commonwealth," at Groton, it is said, that after the battle of Winchester, in which he was severely wounded, he devoted himself first to dressing the wounds of his regimental comrades, leaving attention to his own sufferings till he had done all he could to mitigate the pain of those whom rebel shots had injured. Such instances of unselfish devotion to the comfort and help of others, we believe, were not infrequent ; and they redeem the common soldiers, those upon whom fell the bur- dens and few of the honors of the struggle, from the charge of being mere hirelings, indifferent to the high duties which, we claim, must have been inspired by patriotic feeling. In the pocket of a Union soldier, far gone with fever, was found a red morocco Testament, and a poor little note-book half soaked through with rain or swamp-damp, in which a few wandering pencil-notes were still legible, and this little couplet altered from an old song : — " Not a sigh shall tell my story, Silent death shall be my glory." 'THE UNRETURNING BRAVE." 20/ I will match that last line, has one well said, against the lines on whose simple feeling great poets have been floated into fame. In fact, it may be claimed that " it was the distinction of all the better class of volunteers that they bore, not only the brunt of fighting and the lassitude of defeat, but all the infirmity and skepticism of their comrades. And their moral power alone made them equal to it. The best men were centres of conscience, planted like flags that have re- ceived oaths that they shall never touch the ground. In other lands the nerve of standing armies, that which alone makes them trustworthy in war, and harmless in peace, is an immovably true and valorous body of ofl^icers. But the trustworthiness which volunteered for us was not designated alone by shoulder-straps ; it was a cohspicuous distinction of the private. The instinct of the soldier filled the gaps where incompetency fell and disappeared. He stepped into the place, and showed his commission till a better one ap- peared. He secured to nature time enough to grow her General, and fought it out on that line three years before he came." " The first campaign went on with treason and ravin fas- tened to the throat of the country, incompetency and inex- perience hugging every limb, unguarded expenditure and waste the impudent camp-followers of every regiment, and indefinite policy damping every cartridge. Into this bor- der-land the common soldier built his road ; at one end of it a hearth-stone that flickered more tremulously than ever with endeared life-breaths ; at the other he could not see the head-board at Andersonville and Salisbury ; nor the road thither blazed by the sharp edge of war. We have forgotten the weeks and months of popular depression, when our fate lay in the hands of these men at the front, who rallied instantly at the approach of genuine danger, 208 THE NORWICH MEMORIAL. and were disinfected of their doubts by the prospect of death." The doing one's duty with an army in the field, bravely and faithfully, is to exhibit a high order of manhood. It was the steady performance of the ordinary service, inci- dent to the camp, the march, the battle, that entitles our cit- izen-soldiers to the gratitude and praise of the country. We cannot but speak in highest terms of those to whom we owe so much, nor can we help believing that war's trials and responsibilities brought to most, if not to all our soldiers, an exaltation of character. Many a thoughtless, idle boy in our army rose, under the heroic excitement of our war of liberty, to a splendid and resolute manhood. Many were the deeds of sacrifice and devotion performed by rough, untaught men, while those little known before, awakened the admiration of beholders by their fortitude and patient faith. Here we have presented to us the names of those who looked death calmly in the face, and when life was sweetest, resigned it without a murmur. Putting a charitable con- struction on the faults of such as these, for they were not perfect, our object has been to render them the homage of our gratitude and praise ; and by such tributes as their memories still call for from us, to preserve in brief their his- tories. We point with tender hearts to these chaptered names, for they represent those who sacrificed their young lives that their fellow-men might live in safety and honor. " Lord of the ages, thanks For every pure career Of champions, in a hundred ranks, Who girt their armor here ; Then bore the day's long toil, Or laid a young life down, For duty, the dear natal soil, And the celestial crown." "THE UNRETURNING BRAVE." 209 THE "UNRETURNING BRAVE." OFFICERS. De Witt C. Lathrop, Assistant Surgeon in the Eighth Regiment Connecticut Volunteers, died at Newbern, April 18, 1862, of illness caused by over exertion in the duties of his office. Dr. Lathrop was born in Franklin, New London County, Connecticut, June 20, 1819. He graduated at the Yale Medical School, in 1845, and received his commission in his regiment September 21, 1861. His untiring devo- tion to the wounded and sick in Craven Street Hospital, following so closely upon the labor and exhaustion of the battle-field of .Newbern, taxed his strength beyond his powers of endurance, and brought on typhoid fever. With little thought as to his own condition, he confined his atten- tion to his patients, watching over them with the most solic- itous care. He was at once prostrated by the fever, and after some two weeks' illness died. He was an earnest- hearted patriot, and consecrated his whole energies to the duties of his position, and has nobly fallen in the service of humanity and his country. His funeral, which took place on the nineteenth of April, from the headquarters of the Sanitary Commission, was attended by the whole medical staff of his corps d'armee and by many of his friends The usual military escort of his rank was detailed by General Foster, Military Governor of Newbern, and the funeral ser- vices were most impressive and solemn. He was a noble instance of disinterested devotion to those under his charge, while in his profession he had the reputation of skill and faithfulness. He had endeared him- self to the soldiers to a marked extent, for he looked upon each one of them as his brother, and when any fell sick he was unremittins: in his attention. 210 THE NORWICH MEMORIAL. On the first attack of his disease, he was taken to the headquarters of the Sanitary Commission by Dr. Page, and there furnished with every convenience and comfort. The best nursing and medical attendance were provided for him, and everything done that friendly and sympathizing comrades could suggest, and it was while surrounded by these that he breathed his last. His remains were brought to Norwich, and public funeral services held in the First Congregational Church, Dr. Arms, Dr. Bond, and Rev. Mr. Gulliver participating, the interment took place at Wind- ham, the place of his early practice. He left a wife and three sons. Charles A. Breed. First Lieutenant Company D, Eighth Regiment. He had been in the war from the first summons, volunteering in Captain Harland's company of the Third Regiment. With true patriotism he entered the ranks, serving as a private in the three months' campaign. On his return with the company he reenlisted for three years, and was commissioned as Second Lieutenant in Cap- tain Waid's company of the Eighth. He remained in the line until the twenty-fifth of December, 1861, when he was detached for duty on the Signal Corps, in which service he was engaged at the time of his death. He was in the bat- tles of Roanoke and Newbern, and distinguished himself for gallantry at the battle of Camden, and was commended in the official reports. While the regiment was encamped at Newport News, Lieutenant Breed was taken sick with an attack of typhoid fever, and after a short illness died, July 30, 1862. He was greatly beloved by all his comrades in the field, and all who knew him gave him their hearty praise as a brave, kind, and efficient officer. His character was of that open, genial, friendly nature that won for him the hearts of all with whom he was associated. His body was brought to "THE UNRETURNING BRAVE." 211 this city in charge of Lieutenant Marvin Wait and private Michael Keagan, who had devotedly attended and nursed him in his last illness. His funeral took place at the resi- dence of his mother, on Church Street, and further services were held in Christ Church, whither the remains were car- ried. Rev. Mr. Walden, the rector, performed the impres- sive burial service, when the solemn cortege, composed of the Norwich Light Infantry under Captain Tubbs, the Norwich brass band, members of the Common Council, and friends, passed to Yantic Cemetery, where all that was mortal of the young soldier was laid in the grave. Dur- ing the passage of the procession the bells of the city tolled, and the flags were displayed at half-mast. At the cemetery the customary military salute was fired over the young hero's grave, and there consigned to mother-earth they left his precious dust. Marvin Wait was born at Norwich, Connecticut, on the twenty-first day of January, 1843. He was the son of John T. and Elizabeth Wait. His paternal grandfather, whose name he bore, occupied a prominent position as a public man and as a lawyer in New London County, from the beginning of the Revolution until the early part of the present century. His father, also well known as a promi- nent lawyer, was ardently desirous that the son should fol- low the profession of his ancestors. Accordingly the studies of young Wait were shaped with a view to this re- sult. He gave early tokens that he was possessed of an active, keen, and inquiring mind. He had a ready and retentive memory, a fondness for books, and an aptness for quotations and application of what he had read, that showed great intellectual ability and appreciation. This fondness for reading did not, however, divert him from the usual pur- suits and recreations of boyhood. No one entered with more hearty zest into all the sports and pastimes of youth. 212 THE NORWICH MEMORIAL. Gifted with a ready wit, unusual conversational powers, and a keen perception of the humorous, he was always prepared with a playful answer or sparkling repartee. It is not easy to communicate to those who did not know him intimately, an idea of the traits which, in his early boyhood, made him such an idol of the home circle. It is sufficient to say that no one was ever more tenderly loved, or more fondly cared for than he, the only son of his parents. In 1858 he entered the Free Academy in Norwich, and there manifested the same ability which had marked his early studies. He showed a peculiar taste for all studies involving literary aptness, and in them he took a high rank. H-ere, also, was developed a fondness for declamation, in which, owing to his quick and thorough perception of the meaning of an author, he always excelled. This taste for, and appreciation of literature, was one of the most marked traits of his mind at this time, and at- tracted the attention of many of his older friends. The principal of the Academy, after Marvin's death, addressed a long letter to his parents, which speaks of his literary ability as indicating mental powers of a very high order. " In the department of the classics," writes Professor Smith, " I have rarely seen his equal, perhaps never his superior, in ability. In elocution he had no superior, and his command of language was also quite remarkable. His deportment at the Academy was without fault, and I do not remember that he ever received even an admonition." After he had remained at the Academy somewhat over a year, his parents sent him to Williston Seminary, at East- hampton, Massachusetts. While there he endeared him- self, by his generous and lovable traits of character and disposition, to all his acquaintances, as was evinced by letters received by his parents after his death, speaking in the most affectionate and tender manner of " our Marvin." 1 BF£WT MAJOR hPLEABNED. CeiDtainl''' Conn Art y "THE UNRETURNING BRAVE." 213 After remaining two terms at Easthampton he entered the Freshman Class at Union College in the fall of i860. While in college he showed the same mental and social characteristics which had distinguished his prior student life. He made warm and earnest friends, and took a high rank in all classical and literary studies. Professor Hickok, in writing to his parents, condoling with them upon the loss of their son, pays a merited compliment to his character and ability, as manifested in his college life. After remain- ing at Union until the spring of 1 861, it was deemed ad- visable by his parents, on account of his health, which at that time seemed feeble, that he should leave college and endeavor to regain his full physical vigor. Accordingly, in March, i86i,he set sail for Europe and spent some months in foreign travel. During his absence the War of the Rebellion was com- menced, and the rebel privateers commenced to prey on the commerce of the United States. His journal of the voy- age shows that those on board the ship on the return voy- age had serious apprehensions of falling into the hands of those whom he calls "the pirates." On his return, he again entered college, and for a few months pursued his studies with great zeal and earnestness. But all around him was the fever of military excitement, and it seemed to him that it was his duty to volunteer for the defense of the Union. He left college, came to his home in Norwich, and begged permission of his parents to enlist. With great reluctance, yet unable to withstand his earnest desire, his parents consented that their only son, their pride, to whom they looked for a stay in their after years, should try the uncertain chances of war. General Harland had at that time just received the ap- pointment of Colonel of the Eighth Connecticut Volun- teers, and young Wait, with several of his associates and 214 THE NORWICH MEMORIAL. schoolmates, were enrolled as privates in Company D. Soon after the regiment left the State on its way to the seat of war, Marvin was detailed by the Colonel, who had known him from boyhood, to act as his Orderly. In the intervals of leisure consequent upon the routine of camp life, he made military tactics his constant study and practice, and soon became proficient in all the various duties of officer and soldier. Letters received from him at this time show how thor- oughly he enjoyed camp life, and how he saw the ludicrous side of its discomforts and privations. When the regiment reached Annapolis, it became neces- sary to organize a Signal Corps to accompany the " Burn- side Expedition," then fitting out, and two lieutenants were to be detailed from each regiment for that purpose. Marvin was promoted to a Second Lieutenancy in Com- pany H, and with his intimate friend, Lieutenant Breed, was examined, accepted, and transferred to the Signal Corps. This recognition of his merits was very gratifying to his parents and to himself. His letters at this time are full of brief and playful allusions to his promotion, coupled with anxiety that he may not fail in the discharge of his duties. The Signal Corps embarked on the schooner " Col. Satterlee," January ii, 1862. The vessel was old and ill fitted for the voyage, and in the storm which overtook the expedition, was delayed so that she arrived last of all the vessels at the rendezvous, and after great fears had been entertained for her safety. Lieutenant Wait entered on his duties as an officer of the Signal Corps, and the carefulness and accuracy of his observations and reports were soon noted by his superior officers. On the ninth of February, the battle of Roanoke Island was fouijht. Lieutenant Wait was on board the "THE UNRETURNING BRAVE." 21$ Steamer "S. R. Spaulding," and was constantly employed sending and receiving messages. Space forbids giving quo- tations from his letters, which are full of graphic and in- teresting accounts of this new life. He was soon transferred to the " Phoenix," and there remained until he went on board the " Virginia." The monotony of the life on board these vessels he found somewhat irksome, and longed for something more active. He regretted that he could not be present at the capture of Newbern, but soon after he went there, remaining, however, but a few days. His anxiety for active service was soon gratified, by his being detailed for signal duty at the reduction of Fort Macon, Beaufort, N. C. The accounts of the battle, from official and private sources, all give great praise to the Signal Corps for the part they took in the bombardment, and Lieutenant Wait, in the letter written to his mother the day of the surrender of the fort, modestly speaks of the compliments bestowed upon him by the commanding officer for his excellent work dur- ing the fight. For his gallantry in this action, Lieu- tenant Wait was awarded a signal battle flag, and was commended in the official reports. After the reduction of Fort Macon, Lieutenant Wait returned to Newbern, and on the eighteenth of May was detailed to take charge of a station at Batchelder's Creek. From there he returned to Newbern, discharging the routine duties of his office. He was promoted to be First Lieutenant in June, and on the second day of July, having rejoined his regiment, came with it to Newport News. In July, Lieutenant Breed, who had been his constant friend and companion, died. His body was sent home, and Lieutenant Wait was granted leave of absence to convey the remains to Norwich. This was the last time that his home-friends and relatives saw him. On the second of August, 1862, a little over a month before his death, he followed the remains of his friend to 2l6 THE NORWICH MEMORIAL. their last resting-place. At the funeral service, which was numerously attended, there were none who knew Lieuten- ant Wait, but noticed his noble and manly bearing at that time. He seemed to have grown into manhood since he entered the army, though he was not yet twenty years old. And now came the last month of his life. He left home, and on the nineteenth of August finally rejoined his regi- ment, after many wanderings, which he describes vividly in his letters. His last letter was to his mother, and is dated September sixth, 1862. Still with his regiment, the young- est officer there, he went through the battles preceding the fatal one at Antietam. How bravely he bore himself that day, all accounts agree. He was wounded twice, but did not leave the field. To quote from the brief memoir pub- lished by Lieutenant Eaton, — "The unflinching hero was first wounded in the right arm, which was shattered. He then dropped his sword to his left hand; he was afterwards wounded in the left arm, in the leg, and in the abdomen. He was then assisted to leave the line by private King, who soon met Mr. Morris, the brave, indefatigable Chaplain of the Eighth Regiment. The Chaplain then con- ducted Lieutenant Wait to the fence before alluded to, and pri- vate King returned to his company. Lieutenant Wait's last words to private King were, 'Are we whipping them?'^ A braver man than Marvin Wait never confronted a foe ; a more generoui heart never beat ; a more unselfish patriot never fell. Connecticut may well cherish and honor the memory of such sons." When the news of his death reached his native town the expression of sorrow and of sympathy with his parents was universal. Resolutions were passed by the municipal au- 1 As the enemy advanced on the left flank of our regiment, they delivered an enfilading fire. It was under this fire that Lieutenant Wait was pierced by a niinnie hall (while laying wounded behind a low wall), which passed through his lungs from side to side. " THE UNRETURNING BRAVE. 217 thorities expressive of the public regret, while letters from many who knew him, testified to the parents of the private grief. He was the first commissioned officer from Norwich killed in battle. The body was brought home, and the funeral, at the First Congregational Church, was very largely attended. The Rev. Dr. Arms, his former pastor, conducted the services. The conclusion of the eulogy delivered by George Pratt, at the church, sums up the estimate of his character and achievements : — " What words can add beauty to such a life, or what praise ennoble such a death ? When we think of those who fell on that field, we count them all heroes — we name them all among the brave. " ' They died like heroes, for no recreant step Had e'er dishonored them, no stain of fear, No base despair, no cowardly recoil : They had the hearts of freemen to the last, Aiid the free blood that bounded in their veins Was shed for freedom with a liberal joy.' " Yes, the names of those who fell will be handed down with imperishable glory and lasting fame. Our children's children shall rise up and .call them blessed, for they died fighting on the side of the Right, in a contest between Right and Wrong. " Who would not be proud to be one of such a brave and im- mortal band .'' AVho would not be prouder still that where all were so brave, the one they loved became conspicuous for brav- ery? Such honor, rarely achieved, this young hero won. All alike, officers and soldiers, speak of his dauntless and conspic- uous courage. All tell of the way his brave and animating voice rang through the ranks of the men, urging them on to vic- tory. A century, had he lived so long, would have brought him no prouder moment in which to die. Dying, as he did, on the banks of that little creek, then unknown, now immortal, he be- came for us and ours, forever a name and a memory. " True, he lies here, unheeding all our praise, silent and cold 2l8 THE NORWICH MEMORIAL. in death. But what a sweet and inexpressible consolation it is to the living, that the one whom they mourn died honorably and gloriously. A long life, uneventful and insignificant, is for the many, — a glorious death, a lasting and honorable memory, is the boon of but a few. "To-day his native town writes him among her list of heroes ; his native State does him honor in the person of her Chief Mag- istrate ] the nation thanks his memory as one among those who saved her in the hour of peril. Such honor as we can pay is now his. We bury him here, far away from the field of his fame, in the midst of the scenes he loved so well ; knowing this, that although we may die and be forgotten, his name shall be honored and remembered, and as we lay him to rest, our hearts, one and all, say, " Brave spirit, noble young heart, farewell ! " COMMUISICATED. John L. Stanton, Captain Company G, Tvventy-isxth Regiment. Up to the time of the assault on Port Hudson, little had occurred to break the monotony of camp life. In May, 1864, the active service of the regiment began, and though of brief continuance, was severe. Stanton proved himself a good officer in the care he bestowed on his com- mand, and on the eventful day of its first engagement, showed himself possessed of the best soldierly qualities. In the regiment's charge upon the rebel batteries on the twenty-seventh of May, he led his men, cheering them onward, and when the fatal bullet struck him he was in advance of his company, swinging his sword, and urging it to follow him. He died instantly, and made one of the number of noble officers that fell that day, all of whom, by their personal prowess, reflected honor on the several regi- ments with which connected. Stanton's loss was deeply felt, and by his own men he was especially lamented. His courageous bearing on the field of conflict, all remembered with pride, and falling as a brave soldier should, with his face towards the foe, they paid him the tribute which his "THE UNRETURNING BRAVE." 219 gallant bearing before them well deserved. A faithful offi- cer, a brave soldier, a true patriot, such will he continue to be in the memory of friend and comrade. Hervy FiTZ Jacobs was born in Thompson, Connecti- cut, on the third day of August, 1838. His parents were Joseph D. and Sarah C. Jacobs. On the twenty-ninth of September, 1856, he was enrolled as a member of the Nor- wich Free Academy. July 8, 1859, young Jacobs was admitted to the coming Freshman Class of Brown University. Those who knew him there will recall his mild blue eyes, his ruddy face, and his compact frame. As a scholar, his rank was above the average. During his first term in college he received the appointment of Class President. Early in 1861 Jacobs left college and entered the store, in Norwich, of his uncle, L. W. Carroll, Esq. Here the Rebellion found him. At the very outset of the struggle the question of enlistment presented itself to his mind, but the oft-repeated predictions of many over-sanguine prophets that sixty or ninety days would see the end of the war, together with his new formed business relations, sufficed to keep him at home. The year 1861 wore away, and then the early months of 1862, and still the rebellion existed with scarcely dimin- ished proportions. When the July call of the President for three hundred thousand men to serve nine months came, the question of duty became still more urgent. Accord- ingly as soon as the papers for a company of infantry were received in Norwich he was ready. His name was among the first upon the roll. This was August 28, 1862, and on September fifth the company was organized, at which time Jacobs was chosen Second Lieutenant. At once the young officer commenced the work of preparing himself and his men for active service. 220 THE NORWICH MEMORIAL. After two months' preparation in camp, the Twenty-sixth received orders to embark for New York, where it remained till December fourth. The regiment then embarked for the South, landing-, after a long and rough voyage, at Carroll- ton, Louisiana. It was here attached to the First Brig- ade, under command of General Neal Dow. On the 20th of May, 1863, the regiment was ordered to join General Banks' command in the vicinity of Port Hudson, where it took its position in the rear of the batteries of that fortress. Lieutenant Jacobs was gratified at the prospect He had often said that he would rather take the chances of battle than to return home without once having met the rebels face to face. At five o'clock on the same day of their arrival upon the field, they were ordered to " fall in " and charge the enemy's rifle-pits. The charge disclosed the fact that the pits were deserted, and also exposed the regi- ment for the first time to artillery fire. The division of General Sherman, to which the Twenty-sixth belonged, had moved up from the south of Port Hudson to meet General Banks' army which was descending from above. At the close of this day the two bodies of troops were not far apart, and Lieutenant Jacobs, with his company, was ordered to open communication with General Augur's pickets on the right. This movement was executed promptly in the face of the enemy. On the morning of the 27th of May, the troops were early in motion. The light artillery responded sharply to the rebel's fire, and there was every indication that serious work was at hand. After marching and coun- termarching, and advancing through thick woods until about two and a half o'clock, p. m., the Twenty-sixth with the other regiments of its brigade, was ordered to charge the rebel works. Out of about two thousand men in the brigade, one-fifth, or four hundred, were killed or wounded. The Twenty-sixth lost one hundred and seven killed and "THE UNRETURNING BRAVE." 221 wounded. Of this number nine were in Company F (of which young Jacobs was an officer). After the repulse, Lieutenant Jacobs, regardless of the rain of rebel bullets, remained on the field, and rendered all the assistance in his power to his wounded comrades, till the company was ordered to reform with its regiment. It is the testimony of those who were with him in this his first engagement, that he showed coolness and bravery unsurpassed by any. Saturday, the 13th of June, was marked by skirmishing and heavy artillery fire all along the line. Every one was satisfied that this presaged a more general and determined strife on the morrow. The men of the Twenty-sixth were in fine spirits, and confident of success in the coming charge. The expected orders came, and before day-break, Sunday morning, the 14th of June, the regiment was called out. After marching several miles to the extreme left of the line, it was massed with the division, preparatory to the ad- vance. The following extract from a letter written on the field by Captain L. A. Gallup will give an idea of the charge, and the circumstances in which Lieutenant Jacobs received his wound. " It is said that our brigade advanced splendidly, deploying under a galling fire of shell and shrapnel. The rebels handled their artillery admirably. Lieutenant H. F. Jacobs had been detached from my company, to command Company A, which is next on the right of Company F. As we were advancing up the main road in column by divisions, in easy range of the enemy, we were ordered to deploy the column. Soon after the line had been' established and Lieutenant Jacobs had assumed command of his own company (A) a twelve pound shell exploded between the two companies, killing four and wounding sixteen men. Lieutenant Jacobs was among the latter. He was wound- ed by a ball from the shell, in the thigh, the bone of which was 15 222 THE NORWICH MEMORIAL. injured. I assisted him as well as I could to shelter, finding that he was not bleeding, ordered two men to take him from the field, when I bade him good-by, and advanced up the road." The sad story of Lieutenant Jacobs' sufferings we may best gather from his own record. The following extracts are from his diary : — "The morning I was shot, the regiment deployed from column by division into a line of battle. We were advancing steadily in front of the works, the rebels firing all the lime. I called out to Company A, as I commanded it, ' Come on boys, we are going over the parapet,' and I thought so, when a ball brought me to the ground. I was wounded about six o'clock A. M. (14th June), and was carried from the field. I had to ride to the old cotton press, where my wound was dressed at seven p. M. I remained there till nine a. m., 15th, when I was carried to Springfield Landing, then by steamer to Baton Rouge. Was carried to Church Hospital ; wound very painful all night." yune 16, he writes : " Out of my head half of the time." June 18. " Oh how I suffered last night. The pain from my head — my wound was almost more than I could bear." yune 19. '•' It seems to me this morning as though I could not survive but a few days ; strength all gone. Was fighting and building fortifications all night under heavy fire. Have suffered much to-day." yune 21. " In great pain all day." yune 22. "Woke up this morning feeling quite smart, but have since been quite sick." yune 24. " Kept quiet as possible all day. Pain unceasing. Cannot sleep. Head hot almost all the time." yune 25. " Moved this morning from Church hospital to the Officers' Hospital. Was carried in my bunk. Got along well till I was taken out and put upon an iron bedstead, when the pain was excruciating." yune 26. " Am fast losing strength. Am conscious I must die. I wanted to live to get home, but it is all right. I have tried to do my duty here. I shall make arrangements to have " THE UNRETURNING BRAVE." 223 my body embalmed when I am dead, and sent home, as I think it will be a consolation to all my friends to have it there. I have suffered much since I was wounded, as I have lain on my back all the time. I had as great prospects to live for, and as bright, as almost any one. I should like to live, but if it is designed to be otherwise I am reconciled." yune 27. " Feel quite smart this morning. Wound quite comfortable." yune 28. " Took some morphine last night, and slept till this morning. This is the best sleep I have had since I was wounded. Feel quite like myself." yune 29. " Slept till ten o'clock last night. Feel better now I can sleep. Head continues to feel heavy and dull. Think wound is doing well." yune 30. " Get along very well." [It is evident from the hand-writing, that he is fast de- clining, and is not getting along w^ell.] yuly 2. " Learned brother Wyman is sick with measles. Says will now go" (unintelligible). '"I expect to be on my way very soon." This is the last date against which the dying soldier wrote. Poor fellow, he ivas on his way soon, yet not to the home, visions of which doubtless filled his troubled brain, but to another and better home, where is neither sorrow^, nor crying, nor pain, nor death. Three days and his spirit re- turned to God who gave it. It was not till the middle of October that the remains of Lieutenant Jacobs arrived in Connecticut, when funeral ser- vices were held in the church near his father's residence, on the 20th of that month. " A large congregation evinced their deep sympathy with a most interesting family, in the great loss which they were called to deplore. The coffin and hearse were draped with war-worn flags of the Forty-seventh Massachusetts Volunteers, which were 224 THE NORWICH MEMORIAL. sent from Boston for the occasion, as a token of respect for a brave companion-in-arms. The pall was borne by the former commanders, teacher, and class-mates of the deceased. The ser- vices were conducted by the Rev. Messrs. Hawley and Dunning. The feeling incident to the occasion was greatly deepened by the fact that the same mail that brought the intelligence of the death of Lieutenant Jacobs, also brought the tidings of the death of a 3'ounger brother in the same department. Thus were the obse- quies of two brothers of hope and promise observed the same day. Lieutenant Jacobs left his home in the freshness and inno- cence of boyhood, and was carried back to it in early manhood, a voluntary offering to the welfare of his country." At his grave, Eldridge Smith, his former teacher in the Norwich Free Academy, and Lieutenant-colonel Selden, of the Twenty-sixth Connecticut, bore their loving testimony to the worth of the departed. A beautiful monument of Italian marble marks the sjDOt where sleep the two patriot brothers. Military emblems — shield, sword, and musket — adorn two of its sides, while the remaining two are occupied with tablets, giving a short account of the departed. Beneath the record of the life of Lieutenant Jacobs are inscribed his last words : — " / die at the post of duty." Communicated. Theodore Burdick, Captain Company B, Seventh Reg- iment. He went out in Captain J. B. Dennis' Company, which was the first one recruited in Norwich for the war, holding the commission of First Lieutenant. He served with the regiment in the campaign in North Carolina, where it participated in the capture of Port Royal. Through the battles of 1862, he fought, receiving no injuries, and winning his promotion to the captaincy. In July^ 1863, the regiment took part in the attack on Fort Wagner, and in the charge made, which, for lack of support, was finally unsuccessful. Captain Burdick was killed, July 10, 1863. When last seen, he, with his gallant " THE UNRETURNING BRAVE." -^3 comrades, was bravely fighting on the edge of the parapet. Of the one hundred and ninety-one officers and men of the Seventh, only eighty-seven lived to return from this fatal charge. The regiment was commended for its courage, and Burdick personally did his part to sustain its honor in that terrible assault. While boldly leading his men, he met a soldier's death, and was among the numerous slain in that desperate encounter. He died in the very pride of his manhood, doing his duty ; and, like so many others, fell, with only a soldier's epitaph, — " Killed on the field of battle." Edward Payson Manning, Second Lieutenant Co. F, Twenty-sixth Regiment. Lieutenant Manning was born in Pomfret, Windham County, Conn., July i8, 1834. He was the youngest son of Deacon William H. and Lois P. Man- ning. His early life was not marked by any extraordinary experiences. The influences about him were calculated to develop the manly Christian character for which he was noted in after life. His education, though not collegiate, was liberal, and his natural abilities far more than mediocre. After finishing his studies, his inclination led him to mer- cantile pursuits, and for about three years he was associated with his brother, the Hon. James W. Manning, of Putnam, the present Comptroller of the State. In the Spring of 1859, he came to Norwich, and became connected with the well-known paper house of A. H. Hubbard & Co., in which he was engaged when the war broke out. His daily life and exemplary deportment, his integrity and business ability^ his fine musical talents, and earnest labor in the church and Sunday-school, all served to gain for him many and val- uable acquaintances in Norwich. By nature. Manning was not inclined to military pur- suits ; nevertheless, from the commencement of the war he was earnest in its support, and contributed to its progress. 226 THE NORWICH MEMORIAL. He was restless under promptings of duty, while so many of his associates were giving themselves to their country. His affection for, and duty to, his aged and widowed mother, who clung to him, her youngest boy, like the ivy to the rock, influenced him to defer his enlistment. But the pure and patriotic spirit that animated him would not be hushed to silence, and on the 30th of August, 1862, he enlisted in the company recruited by Joseph, afterwards Lieutenant- colonel Selden. He immediately gave all his influence and time to re- cruiting, and secured several enlistments from adjoining towns. The company was rapidly filled to the maximum, and on its organization, Manning was appointed Second Sergeant The regiment proceeded to the Department of the Gulf, and joined the Banks' expedition against Port Hudson. At various times he was detailed as Acting Quartermaster and Adjutant, both of which positions he filled with honor to himself, and to the satisfaction of the regiment. On the death of Lieutenant H. F. Jacobs, of Company F, who was mortally wounded in the charge upon Port Hudson, June 14, 1863, Governor Buckingham appointed Manning to fill the vacancy. Wherever duty called him, he was faithful and cheerful. In all the en- gagements in which the Twenty-sixth participated, while he was Commissary sergeant, he was conspicuous for his bravery in caring for the wounded and dying upon the field. Whether on the march or in camp, whether on garrison duty or in the trenches, the commissariat of the Twenty- sixth was well and punctually supplied, which contributed to the efficiency of the regiment. After the surrender of Port Hudson, the regiment was ordered home, by way of the Mississippi River, to be mus- tered out, by reason of expiration of term of service. On his arrival in Norwich, Manning received the congratula- " THE UNRETURNING BRAVE." 227 tions of his friends on his safe return, and apparently per- fect health. But he was almost immediately prostrated by malarious fever, which proved fatal to so many who had bravely faced bayonet and cannon on the bloody plains of Port Hudson. During his brief illness he was surrounded by the kindest friends, while for him the best medical attendance was se- cured. In his delirium his mind was with the Twenty-sixth in its journeyings, and with his friends who could not arrive in time to be present when the Master called him home. When told that death was approaching, his delirium gave way to reason, and with a cheerfulness that could only spring from Christian faith, he said, " // is well ; all is bright before me. Do all you can to comfort my mother." These were his last sane words. He sank rapidly, and on the morning of the 17th of August, 1863, the very day the muster-out papers were dated, he was summoned to the Army of Heaven, to answer the roll-call in the presence of the King of kings. He was deeply lamented by all who knew him, and those unused to weep gathered to do the last honors to the dead, and shed tears of grief over the departed. The place made vacant in society, church, and Sunday-school, and in many hearts, is vacant still, and his fragrant memory will ever be fondly cherished. L. A. G. Frederick E. Schalk, First Lieutenant Fourteenth Regiment, was born January 6, 1838, at Monsheim, Hesse Darmstadt, Germany. The date of his removal with his parents to America we do not learn, but only know that it was at an early age ; that prior to his residence in Norwich he lived for a time at Uncasville, in the same county. For some years before the war he resided in Norwich, as a clerk in a grocery store. At the beginning of the war he enlisted with young Nickels, of whom he was ever a close 228 THE NORWICH MEMORIAL. friend, in Captain (now General) Harland's company of the Third Connecticut. He served very creditably in the three months' campaign, and then returned to his old employer in Norwich. Soon after his return he joined the Broadway Congregational Church in Norwich. He was one of the first to enlist in the Fourteenth, — May 27, 1862, — still ac- companying Nickels, who came into the same company — E. Just before the regiment marched he was married to a lady in Lebanon, Connecticut. He was made a Sergeant before the company left the State, promoted to be Second Lieu- tenant May 16, 1863, and to a First Lieutenancy November fifth. In all the battles, skirmishes, and marches of the regi- ment, he bore his part honorably and well, never flinching from any post of honor or danger. Of vigorous constitu- tion and energetic yet cheerful disposition, he was ever ready for duty, for danger, or for fun and frolic. These qualities made him a great favorite, and somehow it seemed as if harm could never come to him. Yet in the terrific carnage of Spottsylvania, where the dear old Second Corps, to which the Fourteenth was attached, covered itself with glory by its brilliant charges, Schalk was stricken down by a bullet. He was removed to the Second Corps Hospital, at Fredericksburg, where, in plain view of the old battle- field of December 13, 1862, he ebbed away his life-blood and died. May 21, 1864; dying cheerfully and calmly, de- spite the absence of the dear ones at home for whom he longed. Perhaps, as he heard the little birds singing in the beautiful May morning, and looked out upon that bloody battle-field of six months before, where the rapidly spring- ing up green grass showed that Nature speedily repaired man's devastations, the roll of the guns of the contending armies a few miles away ceased to echo in his ears, and with the recollection of those divine words, " Not even a THE UNRETURNING BRAVE." 229 sparrow falleth to the ground without his knowledge," fears for the future of his dear wife passed away, and his spirit fled to the land " where the wicked cease from troubling, and the weary are at rest." The remains were taken home and the funeral held from the Baptist Church in Lebanon, on Sunday, June fifth. There was a very large attendance from the town, the sur- rounding country, and from Norwich, including some of the officers of his regiment. The funeral sermon was de- livered by Rev. Mr. Cunningham, from Genesis v. 24, and was pertinent and applicable. The remains having been embalmed, his friends were enabled to gaze upon the face of the young hero ere his coffin was closed. His sword rested upon the coffin, surmounted by wreaths of flowers. The body was escorted to the grave by the Norwich Light Infantry, his fellow-officers acting as bearers. The farewell volleys having been fired over the grave of him who had given his life so cheerfully for the cause of freedom in an adopted country, we left him " with his young fame about him for a shroud." H. P. G. Alfred M. Goddard, First Lieutenant Eighth. Regi- ment, was born in Marietta, Ohio, June 19, 1836. His parents removed to Norwich when he was quite young, and here he grew up, developing a character of rare beauty and force. Leaving his home at an early age to commence life for himself, he for that reason was less generally known than otherwise he would have been. Yet in the home where a peerless devotion to those he most deeply loved distinguished him, and by friends who were aware of his noble nature, he was held in i-everent and affectionate es- teem. None knew him but to admire his earnestness of spirit, his commanding self-reliance, his determined energy ; and all this tempered by a refinement and gentleness, which gave to his character unusual completeness. 230 THE NORWICH MEMORIAL. He was one of those choice spirits whose career is in- vested with all that can stimulate and instruct. Immersed, when quite young, in the cares and duties of a responsible business, he yet displayed a culture ordinarily looked for only in the man of letters. His criticisms on books that chanced to pass under his notice, betray a fine taste, united with unusual analytic power. His journal while in the Pacific abounds in the most graphic portrayal of life on ship-board, and on the Islands. Susceptible to all that was grand and beautiful in Nature, his descriptions of scenery in the Tropics and of the changeful ocean, near and upon which so much of his life was spent, can hardly be sur- passed. Entering, when still under age, the employ of Williams & Haven, of New London, Connecticut, he was by them sent out to the Sandwich Islands, and in connection with a branch house, resided about five years at Honolulu. Dur- ing that period he made several voyages to the Arctic Ocean, passing two years on McKean's Island, in the Southern Pacific. At the breaking out of the war, he was about leaving Honolulu for Mauritius. When the news reached him that hostilities had actually commenced, he was eager to leave at once for home, that he might enroll himself among those hurrying to the government's defense, but such were his business engagements, that fidelity to his employers required the prosecution of the voyage. So, with a disappointed heart, he endeavored to do the work to which he was committed, though his thoughts were with the brave men who were already marshalled for deadly con- flict with our foes. He writes in his journal as he started on this voyage, " I have been reading the ' Atlantic Monthly.' It is all war. How is this .-• I am trying to do my duty, and yet a deathly sickness comes o'er me when I think what a feeling of joy THE UNRETURNING BRAVE." 231 it would have given me could I have gone home and given up all for my country." At a later date he adds, " All my hope now is, that having chosen this path I may command myself and give my thoughts to the present, trusting that through some great good luck I may yet find myself among the New England heroes." Who of us imagined that on the far Pacific main there was a heart beating with such lofty patriotism ; reckoning as its chiefest trial that it could not share in our struggle for national existence. And yet, like thronging doves to their windows came the patriots of our land, travelling homeward from every quarter of the globe that they might swell the hosts who battled for truth and freedom. He speaks at this time of the change in his views of life, — " It is so real, so earnest, and can be so noble." Then reverting to his country, he remarks, " I begin to think the war is the best thing which could have happened to us. I know it must stir up our young men to action and fill their veins with new life. I honor the brave fellows and am proud of dear old Connecticut. The spirit of our Puritan Fathers is not yet dead." While at Mauritius, hearing of his father's sudden death, young Goddard hastened back with the utmost expedition that he might visit his bereaved mother and mingle with the afflicted family. Taking the East India route through the Red Sea and Europe, he arrived at his home in the fall of 1862. He hoped then to enter the army and gratify thus the deepest longing of his heart. But his business engagements compelled him to go back once more to the Sandwich Islands, and with great reluctance he turned his face toward the Pacific. He seemed at this time keenly sensitive lest his absence from the country while in so critical a condition should not be understood. Many are the journal entries which betray this fear. " If my choice 232 THE NORWICH MEMORIAL. could be recalled," he writes in one place, " I would go through anything to get upon the battle field." He speaks also of the moral issues of the conflict, demonstrating his ardent love of liberty for all classes — "It seems strange the country should have been ruled so long by this small party. (Slaveholders.) But the time for a change has come, and I think the curse of slavery will now be removed from our beautiful land." Dispatching with promptness his business at the Islands, and closing his connection with the firm he had served so long and well, he was enabled to return home in May, 1863. Then the cherished purpose of his soul seemed at length possible to be carried out. On the following July, he received a commission as First Lieutenant in Company B of the Eighth Connecticut Regiment, but was at once detached for duty on the Staff of General Harland, the former Colonel of the Eighth Regiment. In this capacity he rendered faithful service until March, 1864, when, at the request of officers and men, he rejoined his regiment. " It is a hard thing to do," says his diary, "but I am sure it is right." His associates on the Staff parted with him, not without the greatest reluc- tance and the most genuine regret. To General Harland he was strongly attached, and by him in turn was esteemed as an able officer and a personal friend. The heart which had chafed so when business prevented his connection with the army, was still dissatisfied with the less arduous duties of staff officer, so he took his place in the ranks, and the long yearning of his soul seemed about to be appeased when the hardships and dangers of the field were to be his. March 13, 1864, the regiment, under command of Col. J. E. Ward, left its old camp at Portsmouth, Va., and marched to Deep Creek, where it performed outpost and picket duty until April 13. Thence it was ordered to Yorktown, and " THE UNRETURNING BRAVE." 233 was assigned to the Second Brigade of the Eighteenth Corps. Forming part of General Butler's command, it was engaged in a reconnoisance of the enemy's lines before Petersburg. On the morning of May 8, the regiment led the advance in an attempt to press back the enemy. Forming in battle line, it repeatedly charged the foe, driving him before them, and continued fighting till the ammunition was exhausted and the regiment was relieved by order, receiving, as it returned from the bloody field, the cheers of the whole brigade. It was in this action that the fatal bullet struck Lieutenant Goddard. While bravely fighting and cheering on his men in this his first battle, he fell, mortally wounded. The day before, his entry in his diary, when it was ap- parent an engagement was imminent, was both touching and significant, — " And the children of Israel prevailed, because they trusted in the Lord God of their Fathers." The day of the battle, Saturday, May 7, he wrote : ' 7 a. m. we go to the front with only arms and ammunition." Be- fore sundown he was borne from the field, and ere another day had gone, the knightly youth of high hopes and un- flinching courage passed away. Of his carriage on the day of battle, his Captain writes : " He was so thoughtful and considerate, not rash or impetuous, but cool and collected, ready for any emergency, willing for every duty. While most bravely fighting and cheering on our men, the fatal bullet struck him, and he was taken from the field. As he was carried past me, he said that he was wounded, but that he had done his duty. Most truly can I echo those last words." He had won in no common degree the esteem of officers and men, and his loss was felt by all. Upon the examination of his wound, he asked the regi- mental surgeon whether it was likely to prove fatal, adding, at once, that he thought it must ; in which opinion the sur- 234 THE NORWICH MEMORIAL. geon was obliged to concur. Immediately he added : " Tell my mother that I die in the front, that I die happy." Re- moved to the Chesapeake Hospital at Fortress Monroe, he lingered for little more than a day, suffering intensely but patiently. Writes one who knew him well : " He was one of the few men whom I have known in my life whose steadfast honesty was proof against all temptations, and his varied life ex- posed him to not a few." Another friend, intimately asso- ciated with him while in the army, wrote when the news of his death was received : " May God rest the soul of our martyr- hero. He is no more. But the memories which the thought of him suggests, are of the most tender and pleasing char- acter. How kind and unselfish he was. What a sturdy champion for everything just, noble, and right. How he loathed oppression and injustice. How he loved his coun- try." Few excelled him in the earnestness and unselfish devo- tion which so eminently characterized him. A whole- hearted consecration to others' good, made his career beautiful and his death glorious. While in the strength of his young manhood, God permitted him to die, and his death adds another to the list of heroes whose memory and example are the nation's heritage. Who dares tell us that such lives are brief, for " We live in deeds, not years ; in thought, not breaths ; In feelings, not in figures on a dial, We should count time by heart throbs. He most lives Who thinks most, feels the noblest, acts the best." John McCall, Captain Company K, Eighth Regiment. In the summer of 1861, when the government called for three hundred thousand men to array themselves under the national flag to crush the rebellion, among those who nobly responded to the summons was John McCall, of Yantic. "THE UNRETURNING BRAVE.' 235 He enlisted as a private in Company D, of the Eighth Regiment. At the election of non-commissioned officers for the company, he was chosen a Sergeant, and acted as such during the first few months after the regiment had been mustered into service. The death of Lieutenant Charles A. Breed, and the promotion of Captain Ward to be Major, opened the door for the advancement of young McCall, and he was first appointed Second, then First Lieu- tenant of his company. Skillful as an officer, faithful in the discharge of his du- ties, and intrepid on the battle-field, he won the con- fidence of his superior officers, and was subsecjuently pro- moted to the Captaincy of Company K, in which posi- tion he remained until his decease. He served under General Burnside during his North Car- olina campaign, and participated in the battles of Roanoke Island, Fort Macon, and Newbern ; and when the troops who had so nobly sustained the Stars and Stripes on the soil of North Carolina were called North to aid in driving the rebels from Pennsylvania and Maryland, the Eighth Connecticut came with them, and Captain McCall, ever ready to endure the privations, and share the perils of the battle-field, was again distinguished for his coolness and courage, in the sanguinary conflicts of South Mountain and Antietam. At the last-named battle, he was severely wounded by a minie-ball in the thigh, and being unable to leave the field with the regiment in its retreat, was taken prisoner, but immediately paroled. He was soon after exchanged, and, as soon as recovery permitted, again took command of his company. He was at Fredericksburg under General Burnside, — cool, cheerful, ready for any duty. At the siege of Suffolk, he was one of the band of two hundred who crossed the 236 THE NORWICPI MEMORIAL. Nansemond in broad day-light, stormed Fort Huger, and held it in the face of ten thousand rebels, — one of the neat- est little achievements of the war. Captain McCall was ordered, with Company K of the Eighth, to take and hold the rifle pits commanding the approach to the fort. He was the first man to reach the land, and his part was strictly and gallantly performed. He was under General Butler in his expedition up the James River for the capture of Richmond. In the bloody conflicts that took place between the Union and the rebel troops on the banks of that stream, the Eighth Regiment was placed in the front of the battle, and the family of Captain McCall received a letter from him, dated but a day or two before he was shot, saying, that though many of his comrades had been wounded or killed in the successive struggles, that he had escaped all injury. The next intelli- gence received by his father, was a telegram, stating that his gallant boy was dead. At five o'clock on Saturday morning, May 14, the enemy had broken the flank of Brooks' division. There was a severe fire along the whole line, the men lying down and firing, Captain McCall in a sitting position. The fatal bul- let passed through his heart. He rose to his feet, saying, " I shall be dead in a minute," and fell backwards dead. The loss of this gallant comrade and able officer was severely felt by the brave old regiment. He was a general favorite with the officers and men, " a prompt, bold, enter- prising officer — a soldier by nature. He was stern and harsh when he believed it to be his duty, but in his usual conduct he was generous, just, and noble. As a compan- ion he was frank, genial, and lively, as a friend, manly and true-hearted." Few of our young men who have offered their lives on the altar of their country, leave a more un- sullied reputation for honor, bravery, and patriotism than ^*^l CAP'^S™ CONN. VOLS "THE UNRETURNING BRAVE." 2^^ John McCall Brought home for burial, his grave hes near those of his lamented comrades-in-arms, Lieutenants Wait, Goddard, and Breed, in our beautiful cemetery along the banks of the Yantic. The Mayor and Board of Common Council attended in a body at his funeral service, and put on record this public testimonial to his character and pa- triotic devotion : — '■'•Resolved, That in the death of this gallant and truly meri- torious officer, this community has lost one of its brightest orna- ments, the regiment to which he belonged, an able, skillful, and courageous officer, ready at all limes to share the dangers and privations of the battle-field, and to offer up his life on his coun- try's altar." I. T. W. John W. Bentley, Acting Master U. S. N., died at his residence in Norwich, May 27, 1864, after an illness of little more than a week. He received his appointment as Acting Master in the Navy soon after the war broke out, and con- tinued in active service till his death. He was one of the officers of the " Wabash," Admiral Dupont's flag-ship, at the capture of Port Royal. Appointed to the command of the " Banshee," a captured blockade runner, just placed in com- mission, he was preparing to put to sea, when his fatal illness came upon him. He was a brave and skillful officer, and in whatever duty he was engaged, always secured the approval and commendation of his superiors. He was a genial, kind hearted man, and made friends wherever he was ; indeed few men had so extensive a circle of acquaint- ance, and among them all, so many warm, earnest friends. E. Benjamin Culver, Adjutant Eighteenth Regiment, was the only son of Benjamin and Adelaide Culver ; born in the city of New York, October 27, 1840. During his school and business life he became well known here, and by those most intimately acquainted with him, he was esteemed as a young man of more than ordi- 16 238 THE NORWICH MEMORIAL. nary excellence and promise. One of his early instructors speaks of him as " the peacemaker," while his teacher in Norwich, with whom he spent nearly a year and a half, mentions his marked truthfulness of character. His personal appearance gave all the impression of youth- ful manliness. Generous in his feelings, self-possessed in his manners, young Culver was the favorite of a large circle of friends. . As a clerk in the store of Lee & Osgood, he has left the reputation of rare fidelity and skill. Energetic and quick to learn, he mastered the business, and gave promise of great success. Between himself and his employers a warm attachment existed, broken only by his early death. His admirable business qualities, as well as personal worth, had attained for him a position not often reached by those as young as he. When the Eighteenth Regiment was forming, the duty of entering his country's service came to him with new force. Seeking the advice of friends and parents, he finally regis- tered his conviction of what was duty, by enlisting. The purest of motives prompted him in this act, for it was when his earthly prospects were brightest that he entered the army, and his parents knew that at pecuniary sacrifice he remained in the service. He was moreover an only son, tenderly beloved, and relinquished more than many in leav- ing father and mother at his country's call. In August, 1862, he left Norwich with the Eighteenth Regiment, commanded by Col. William G. Ely. While stationed at Baltimore, Culver was detailed to act as clerk at the headquarters of General Schenck, Commandant of the Middle Department. His executive ability secured him the appointment, and so valuable were his services con- sidered by the General, that he was retained some time after his promotion to the Adjutancy of the regiment. While in THE UNRETURNING BRAVE." 239 this position, in one of his letters he speaks of his dissatis- faction with such labor. Though it was safer and more lucrative than a soldier's service, still he said it was not for this Kind of work he enlisted. He was eager to engage in active campaigning — to meet the hardships and brave the perils of the field. He rejoined his regiment just after the unfortunate battle of Winchester, June 14-15, 1863, when the Colonel and a large proportion of the officers and men were taken prison- ers. His first letter, dated at Maryland Heights, spoke of " a disconsolate band " he had succeeded in g-athering: to- gether, — the remnants of the splendid regiment which had left Norwich less than a year previous. He furnished to anxious friends the first reliable account of the casualties of that action. Entering upon the duties of Adjutant, he proved himself at once a most efficient officer. In April, 1864, he returned home on a furlough, and many remember with deep interest that last visit. The campaign of the spring was about to open, and the indications were that there would be hard fighting. The earnestness with which Culver spoke of the increased perils showed his full appreciation of his own exposure, when he returned. Com- ing events appeared to have wrought an unusual thought- fulness. And though he spoke calmly and with hope, it was with a half betrayed impression that this would prove his final visit with Norwich friends. At the last interview with his parents, his mother re- marked : " You look care-worn, but I do not ask you to resign." He replied : " I could not be induced so to do ; for, dear mother, calmly and deliberately I give my service and my life if necessary, for my country." When he returned to his regiment, the army of the Shen- andoah, of which it formed a part, had started upon its long and tedious campaign. At New Market, Va., occurred the 240 THE NORWICH MEMORIAL. first engagement with the rebels. In this the Eighteenth Regiment participated, losing fifty-six in killed, wounded, and missing. The report of this battle was the last Adju- tant Culver lived to make. Retreating to Cedar Creek, Va., the army rested several days, and was reorganized under General Hunter, who relieved General Sigel. On May 27, equipped for rapid marching, the regiment, with the army, advanced with little opposition until arriving in the vicinity of Piedmont, June 5, 1864. A battle here ensued, resulting after severe and protracted fighting, in the total rout of the enemy, and the capture of 1 500 pris- oners. Among the first mortally wounded on our side was Adjutant Culver. While engaged with the regiment in one of the earliest charges made that day, he was struck by a piece of shell, and fell from his horse. Removed at once to the hospital, he died the following day, June 6, 1864. He had fought his last fight, and re- ceived his death-wound while joining in the charge which brought victory to our arms. What he had said he was willing to do, he was by the providence of God permitted to do, in thus cheerfully laying down his life for his country. So the youth whom fond parents had watched as he de- veloped into all that was noble and pure, fell bravely fighting for our liberties and our land. One more name his death adds to the roll of heroes, whose generous self-sacrifice sanctifies the cause. An earnest Christian, a faithful clerk, a devoted patriot, he has left behind the record of a noble life. His firmly outlined integrity, united with his quiet en- thusiasm, had won him a high position in the esteem of many here, and long will his memory be cherished by friends and citizens in Norwich. In an epoch of great events he acted a noble part, and sincerely and bravely performed his every duty. THE UNRETURNING BRAVE." 241 Recalling his faithfulness in all things committed to him here, I think of the promise which is the inheritance of such servants, made by — " That monarch whose ' well done ' confers a more than mortal fame." William A. Berry, Captain Company , Second Ar- tillery, New York. He was an Englishman, who had re- cently settled in Greeneville, and who, sharing with our citizens in the patriotic enthusiasm awakened by the war, was among the first to enlist in Captain Chester's company, in which he was commissioned Second Lieutenant. He served with credit through the three months' campaign. He again offered his service to the government, by enlisting in a company that was raised by Thomas Maguire, for the regiment of Colonel Colt (the Fifth). When the latter threw up his interest in it, owing to some misunderstand- ing, Maguire carried most of his command, including Berry, with him, and was accepted in the Second Regiment Artil- lery, Maguire receiving the commission of Captain, and Berry that of Lieutenant. The regiment was a long time confined to garrison duty at Washington, where Berry was promoted to Captain, his friend Maguire having been made Major. He was a brave soldier, rather noted for his cool- ness, and was regarded with no ordinary esteem by those who knew him best. In the early part of the summer of 1864, the regiment was called to the front, and participated in one of the battles near Petersburg, June 18, 1864, where Captain Berry was killed. He was interred on the battle-field, but subsequently, in No- vember, 1864, his remains wqyq brought to Norwich by his friend and comrade-in-arms. Lieutenant Thomas Scott, and buried in Yantic Cemetery. Berry made an excellent sol- dier, having previously served several years in the British army ; and though a comparative stranger here, left be- behind him the record of a true devotion to his adopted 242 THE NORWICH MEMORIAL. country. There were not a few who, coming to us from other lands, were among the foremost to offer their services in behalf of a country they had learned to love with all that aftection which we sometimes think can be cherished by only those to the manor born. Young Berry's history is one which has for us a jDeculiar interest, for it is the record of one who stood for our de- fense ; and with a patriotism, which made him seem as if always of us, he went forth to battle for our own and his chosen country, and in thus doing, fell in the cause that was materially aided by just such generous devotion as he evinced. James R. Nickels, Captain Company I, Fourteenth Regiment, was born in the town of Cherryfield, Maine, July 14th, 1843. Left an orphan at an early age, he removed to Norwich, to reside with an aunt, and that most picturesque and beautiful of New England cities was thenceforward his home. Here he made hosts of friends among the young lads of his age, and here was laid the foundation of a friend- ship toward young Nickels by the writer, that grew with his growth, and which makes him feel this brief memorial to be a most paltry tribute to one of the most generous and noble hearts that ever beat. Completing his school studies, Nickels entered the crockery store of R. M. Haven, and became a member of his family. At the outbreak of the war he enlisted in Captain Harland's Company of the Third Connecticut Regiment, with which he passed creditably through the three months' campaign, being particularly re- marked for his coolness at the first Bull Run, where his company was one of the few from Connecticut which suf- fered any casualties. Returning home at the close of the campaign, he resumed his former avocation, devoting his spare time to the study of military tactics. His patriotism and adaptation to a " THE UNRETURNING BRAVE." 243 military career were such, however, that he could not re- main quietly at home, but on the President's call for 50,000 men, in May, 1862, he again enlisted as a private in Com- pany E of the Fourteenth. He was speedily made First Sergeant, and left the State as such, August 23d, 1862. In less than four weeks he passed with his regiment through the bloody fight of Antietam. At Fredericksburg, where fourteen out of eighteen offi- cers were killed or wounded. Nickels escaped with his clothes riddled with bullets. December 20th, 1862, he was com- missioned Second Lieutenant of Company I, and in less than a month, January 19th, 1863, promoted to be First Lieutenant of Company K. That year he passed unscathed through the engagements of Chancellorsville, Antietam, and Bristoe Station. On the 5th of November he was commis- sioned Captain of Company L In the campaign of 1864 he was with the regiment in the terrible carnage of the Wilderness, and Spottsylvania, the numerous minor engage- ments on the North and South Anna River, and at Cold Harbor. In the latter battle he commanded the regiment and led it in a brilliant charge, for which he was highly complimented by his brigade commander — the fearless Colonel Smyth. Through the constant fighting and perilous picket duty of that summer, in front of Petersburg, Nickels was ever at the post of duty, but never was scratched. But his hitherto uninterrupted career of success was terminated August 27th, 1864, in the struggle for the possession of the Weldon Railroad, known as the battle of Ream's Station. Here he was severely wounded in the leg, and left on the field, where he was stripped by the rebels, who left him, not dreaming that he would survive the night. During the night his casualty was reported to the regiment, when Adjutant Hincks, and Privates Goff and Rigney, sought him out on 244 THE NORWICH MEMORIAL. the abandoned field, and bore him through the darkness eight miles into our Hnes. Such was the love he inspired, and such the devotion of the brave boys who risked their lives for him. Taken to City Point, he was removed to Ar- mory Square Hospital, at Washington, where, after linger- ing six months, he died, February 20th, 1865. Many times his prospects of recovery were deemed very fair, but the long confinement at last broke down his constitution — and with his faithful aunt and brother by his bedside, he quietly pined away, saying to his aunt, who told him of his situa- tion, and pointed him to Christ, " It is all right with me," Connecticut lost no nobler son in the war, — a genial com- panion, a thorough officer, always remarkable for his knowl- edge of and attention to his duties ; loved and respected by his brother officers and men. He had won high enco- miums from his superiors of all grades, and bid fair in time to have acquired more than a local reputation. His perfect coolness under fire, and his cheerfulness and freedom from despondency or irritability during his long and weary con- finement to a hospital bed, show the prominent traits in his character, — intrepidity, trustfulness, and amiability. Into twenty-one short years Captain Nickels crowded a life-time of noble deeds, and dying he left no enemy but mourning friends among his soldier comrades, his school- mates, and his townsmen. It was granted to him to live long enough to see the impending triumph of his country's cause, and to leave an untarnished name — " And so he laid his laurels down at his great Captain's feet." THE LOST IN OTHER THAN CONNECTICUT REGIMENTS. Douglas R. Bushnell, Major Thirteenth Regiment, 111. Vols. Killed in action at Chattanooga. Peter L. Hyde, Lieutenant Twenty-sixth Regiment, Ohio Vols. Killed at Arkansas Post. " THE UNRETURNING BRAVE." 245 NON-COMMISSIONED OFFICERS AND PRIVATES, "the least in rank, but not in honor." David C. Case, Third Regiment C. V. Killed by a can- non ball at Bull-Run, July 21, 1861. Age 26. He was the son of Dea. Samuel Case of Norwich Town, and the first soldier from Norwich killed in the War of the Rebellion. Joseph Stokes, Second Regiment C. V. Died in hos- pital, July 25, 1 86 1. Thomas D. Huntington, Eighth Regiment C. V. Son of Benjamin Huntington, Norwich Town. He enlisted September 21, 1861, and went into camp at Hartford, where he was taken sick. He returned home, and died eight days after being mustered into service, September 29, 1861. Erastus D. Vergason, Tenth Regiment C. V. Killed in the battle of Roanoke Island, February 8, 1862. He was a farmer. Age 27. Patrick Maro, Tenth Regiment C. V. Killed in the capture of Newbern, N. C, March 14, 1862. He was a mechanic. Age 18. Daniel H. Brown, Ninth Regiment C. V. Died of disease at New Orleans, May 14, 1862. Age 43. By trade a mechanic. William Hutchins, Eleventh Regiment C. V. Died of disease, June 14, 1862. Age 20. James Moningham, Ninth Regiment C. V. Died of disease at Vicksburg, Miss., July 21, 1862. He was a la- borer. Age 33. John Kerley, Ninth Regiment C. V. Died on the transport, July 24, 1862. Age 18. John P. Kehr, U. S. N. Died of disease at Vicksburg, July 30, 1862. Alexander S. Avery, Sergeant, Fifth Regiment C. V. 246 THE NORWICH MEMORIAL. Killed in the battle of Cedar Mountain, Va., August 9, 1862. Charles H. Potter, Ninth Regiment C. V. Died of disease at Baton Rouge, La., August 10, 1862. He was a machinist by trade. Age 24. Patrick Weldon, Sergeant, Ninth Regiment C. V. Died at New Orleans, August 14, 1862. Age 34. James Murphy, Ninth Regiment C. V. Died August 16, 1862, at New Orleans. Age 19. James McVay, Fourteenth Regiment C. V. Fell out of the ranks on the march to Antietam and died of exhaus- tion at Rockville, Md., September 9, 1862. Age 42. David M. Ford, Eleventh Regiment C. V. Killed in the battle at Antietam, September 1 7, 1 862. Age 20. John C. Holwell, Eleventh Regiment C. V. Killed at Antietam, September 17, 1862. Age 40. Ezra M. Loomis, Eleventh Regiment C. V. Died of wounds received at Antietam, September 19, 1862. Henry P. Yerrington, Fourteenth Regiment C. V. Died of wounds received at Antietam, September 21, 1872. Age 25. Henry M. Schofield, Eleventh Regiment C. V. He was a young man of much promise, enlisted in the First Regiment, April 22, 1861. Died of wounds received at Antietam, September 28, 1862. John W. Wood, Eleventh Regiment C. V. Died of wounds received at Antietam, September 1862. Age 23. Edward Dorcey, Corporal, Fourteenth Regiment C. V. Died of wounds received at Antietam, October 8, 1862. John Simpson, Sergeant, Ninth Regiment C. V. Died of disease at New Orleans, October 8, 1862. Age 27. Horatio Burdick, Eighteenth Regiment C. V. Died at Fort McHenry, October 19, 1862. Age 30. " THE UNRETURNING BRAVE." 247 Theodore A. Fanning, Eighth Regiment C. V. Died of wounds received at Antietam, October 19, 1862. Age 24. Ferdinand Volkman, Sixth Regiment C. V. Died at Beaufort, S. C, October 21, 1862. Age 36. David Black, Thirteenth Regiment C. V. Killed in the battle of Georgia Landing, La., October 27, 1862. Age 38. Henry C. Fanning, Eighth Regiment C. V. Died of wounds received at Antietam, October 28, 1862. Age 18. John Meany, Ninth Regiment C. V. Died at New Orleans, November 12, 1862. Charles H. Beckwith, Eighteenth Regiment, C. V. Served in the three months' campaign. Died of disease at Norwich, December i, 1862. Age 22. Michael Carver, Corporal, First Regiment Cavalry C. V. Killed in action at Stafford Court House, Va., Jan- uary 3, 1863. Age 18. Daniel Wilbur, Eighteenth Regiment C. V. Accident- ally shot while on guard duty at Fort Howard, Baltimore, Md., January 5, 1863. Age 19. Charles Burdick, Tenth Regiment C. V. Son of Evan Burdick of Norwich. Died in the hospital at Newbern, N. C, January 16, 1863. Age 19. Josiah L. D. Otis, Fourteenth Regiment C. V. Wounded at Fredericksburg, and died after extreme suffer- ing in a hospital at Washington, D. C, February 10, 1863. He was a physician by profession, and enlisted in the com- pany of Captain James B. Coit. At his death was 41 years of age. William R. Allyn, Fourteenth Regiment C. V. Died at Falmouth, March 9, 1863. He was a farmer by occupa- tion. Age 18. John McSorley, Ninth Regiment C. V. Died at New Orleans, April 18, 1863. Age 35. James Torrance, Sergeant, Thirteenth Regiment C. V. 248 THE NORWICH MEMORIAL. Killed at Port Hudson, Louisiana, May 24, 1863. He was the youngest son of a widowed mother, born November 29, 1 84 1, near Edinburgh, Scotland. He possessed in a high degree the qualities of self-reliance and integrity which characterize so generally the Scotch. With a bright earn- est face, a manly form, those who observed him in the Sab- bath-school class, or in the workshop, were attracted by his appearance. At the first call of the Government for troops, he promptly responded, and went out in Captain Harland's company of the Third Regiment, and was in the battle of Bull Run. Returning with the regiment, he was not con- tented to remain at home. His heart was in the cause, and he longed once more to enroll himself among the country's defenders. Though his mother sought to retain him by her side, reminding him that she was now dependent upon her boys, he still seemed to think it was her duty to give him up, and his to go. Meanwhile, his mother noticed the boy's strong desire to enlist once more, and was not wholly unprepared for the decision which brought him again to that step. " Mother," he said, as nearly as his words can now be recalled, "you know we have adopted this as our land, and we ought in this hour of peril to do something for the Government, and I think I ought to enter its service." The time had come, and sorrowfully, yet hopefully, the fond parent replied, " Jamie, if you must go, one condition I have to propose, — that you will read a chapter in this Testament (handing him the copy), when not on duty, every night at nine o'clock, and your mother will do the same ; and so we will remem- ber each other." He assented to this, and in the Thir- teenth Regiment, under Colonel Birge, soon took his de- parture. Young Torrance was regarded in his company as a brave and upright soldier, and his Captain reports him as one of the most reliable in his command. " THE UNRETURNING BRAVE." 249 In the battles of Georgia Landing, October 27, 1862, and of Irish Bend, April 14, 1863, Sergeant Torrance acquitted himself with honor. On Sabbath, May 24, 1863, was the assault on Port Hudson, with the Thirteenth Regiment in the advance, leading the charge. Just previous to the bat- tle, Torrance remarked to a comrade, " The only thing I dislike in the service is the being obliged to fight on the Lord's Day, at least commencing any engagement which could as well be postponed till after the passage of holy time." It was in this action that young Torrance received his death shot. After little more than a year's service he fell, as the hero should fall, facing the foe and leading in the charge. He had staked all in his country's behalf, and died in her defense. His was a humble career, for it was a mod- est yet manly youth who lived it, who sought ambitiously for no personal renown, but who was earnestly intent on the Government's deliverance. His brother, Colonel David Torrance of the Twenty- ninth Regiment, who served with great faithfulness and honor, wrote to his mourning mother, when the sad intel- ligence reached him, " Our starry flag where'er it floats, will be dearer now to me, hallowed and consecrated by a brother's blood. Let us give thanks that God has accepted our sacrifice, and that we are permitted to do and to suffer in the cause of liberty, right, and truth." Michael Corbett, Thirteenth Regiment C. V. Died of wounds at Baton Rouge, La., May 25, 1863. Age 25. Myron W. Starrett, Twenty-sixth Regiment. Miss- ing in action, and was supposed to have died at Port Hud- son, May 27, 1863. James Parkerson, Twenty-sixth Regiment C. V. Mor- tally wounded at Port Hudson, May 27th, and died June I, 1863. Age 27. 250 THE NORWICH MEMORIAL. Alijert Burnett, Eighteenth Regiment C. V. Killed in the battle of Winchester, Va., June 15, 1863. Age 24. James McCracken, Eighteenth Regiment C. V. Killed at Winchester, Va., June 15, 1863. Age 28. Charles C. Noyes, Eighteenth Regiment C. V. Mor- tally wounded in the battle of Winchester, and died June 15, 1863. He was a young man of promising talents, ex- emplary in his life, and the only child of his parents. CouRTLAND C. AvERY, Twenty-sixth Regiment C. V. Died of fever near Port Hudson, La., June 23, 1863. He was a son of Courtland Avery of Scotland, Conn., but for many years a resident in Norwich. William M. Sherman, Sergeant, Twenty-sixth Regiment C. V. Died June 28, 1863, in the hospital at New Orleans, from wounds received at Port Hudson. Age 25. Nelson C. Thompson, Eighteenth Regiment C. V. Died of wounds received in the battle of Winchester, Va., June 30, 1863. Age 21. John Crawford, Eighteenth Regiment C. V. Died of wounds received in the battle of Winchester, July 2, 1863. He was a young man of estimable character, and resided in Greeneville. Age 25. IsLAY B. Martin, Eighteenth Regiment C. V. Died of wounds received at Winchester, Va., July 2, 1863. He was a well educated and promising youth. Age 18. Henry Brooks, twenty-sixth Regiment C. V. Died of wounds received in the first charge on Port Hudson, La., July 3, 1863. He was a native of Canada, but for a num- ber of years a resident in Norwich. Age 44. Frank White, Sixth Regiment C. V. Killed in the assault of Fort Wagner, S. C, July 18, 1863. A carpenter by occupation. Age 28. Charles Meisser, Sixth Regiment C. V. Killed at Morris Island, July 18, 1863. Age 24. "THE UNRETURNING BRAVE." 25 I John Shea, Thirteenth Regiment C. V. Died of disease at Baton Rouge, La., July 18, 1863. George F. Edgertox, Twenty-sixth Regiment C. V. Died at Port Hudson, La., July 23, 1863. Age 35. James Dugan, Twenty-sixth Regiment C. V. Wounded in the hand at Port Hudson, and died of disease on board the steamer while returning home, July 28, 1863. Stephen T. Johnson, Twenty-sixth Regiment C. V. Died in the hospital at Mound City, 111., August 3, 1863. Age 39. Joseph Forestner, Corporal, Eighteenth Regiment C. V. Died at Camp Parole, Md., August 9, 1863. Age t^j. William McKnight, Twelfth Regiment C. V. Died at Brashear City, La., August 18, 1863. Lemuel Bolman, Twelfth Regiment C. V. Died at Brashear City, La., August 22, 1863. Age 44. William T. B. Osborne, unassigned recruit. Died at New Haven, September 2, 1863. Alfred S. Chappell, Eighteenth Regiment C. V. Died in Philadelphia, September 17, 1863. Age 37. Henry M. Beckwith, First Artillery C. V. Died at Fort Ward, Va., October 10, 1863. Abner T. Potter, unassigned recruit. Died at Nor- wich, December 24, 1863. Frederick W. Baker, First Regiment Cavalry C. V. Died at Baltimore, Md., January 27, 1864. Stephen H. Smith, Thirty-first Regiment U. S. C. T. Died at Philadelphia, Pa., February 23, 1864. E. C. Buckingham, Fourteenth Regiment C. V. Died at Brandy Station, Va., March 3, 1864. Dennis Murphy, Twenty-first Regiment C. V. Died at Newbern, N. C, March 12, 1864. Henry A. Bottomly, Corporal, Seventh Regiment C. V. He had reenlisted as a veteran, and died during his 252 THE NORWICH MEMORIAL. veteran furlough, while on a visit to his family near Boston, March 13, 1864. Age 34. His death was occasioned by disease contracted while in the service. John Cullin, Twenty-first Regiment C. V. Died in the hospital at Newbern, March 22, 1864. William H. Town, Eighteenth Regiment C. V. Died in hospital at Sandy Hook, Md., March 28, 1864. Age 29. Joseph H. Winship, Eighteenth Regiment C. V. He was left at Winchester, after the battle of June 15, 1863, to look after the sick and wounded ; was taken prisoner, sent to Richmond, thence transferred to Andersonville, Ga., and there died April 5, 1864. Age 23. He was an only child, leaving behind him sad parents and a desolate home. John Meldrum, Ninth Regiment C. V. Died at New Orleans, April 8, 1864. James W. Hicks, Eighteenth Regiment C. V. Died at Martinsburg, Va.,. April 13, 1864. Moses Tvler, Fourteenth Regiment C. V. Captured at Morton's Ford, Va., and died in prison at Andersonville, Ga., April 14, 1864. Age 19. Alonzo S. Cushman, Corporal, Eleventh Regiment C. V. Mortally wounded at Swift's Creek, Va., and died May 9, 1864. He had reenlisted as a veteran. Patrick Lloyd, Fourteenth Regiment C. V. Killed at Spottsyivania, Va., May 1 1, 1864. Age 25. David H. Brown, Thirteenth Regiment C. V. Died May 15, 1864. A reenlisted veteran. Age 23. David Lacey, Second Artillery C. V. Killed at Cold Harbor, Va., June i, 1864. Ronald McAllister, Jr., Eleventh Regiment C. V. Killed at Cold Harbor, June 3, 1864. (His father, of the same name, served 14 months in the same regiment.) James Souter, Sergeant, Eleventh Regiment C. V. Killed at Cold Harbor, June 3, 1864. He was born in THE UNRETURNING BRAVE. 253 Dundee, Scotland, December 8, 1841, and came to this country with his parents in 185 1, who have resided in Greeneville since 1855. When the rebels began hostili- ties by firing upon Fort Sumter, James, who was a clerk in the house of C. D. Browning & Co., comprehended the nature and magnitude of the impending struggle, as few then did, and after mature deliberation, enlisted in Company F, Eleventh Regiment C. V. He was soon chosen Ser- geant ; afterwards upon the illness of the First Lieutenant of the Ambulance Corps, he was detailed to fill his place. He returned to his regiment in season to participate in the battle of Cold Harbor, June 3, 1864, where he fell, and was buried on the field with about one hundred others in the darkness of the night, without lights. He is remembered as a dutiful son, a diligent scholar, a faithful clerk, and conscientious Christian. His Captain, in a letter of condolence to his parents, says : " The Sergeant is very riiuch missed in the Regiment. Cool, courageous, never faltering, and always ready for every duty, and every inch a model soldier, and by none can the loss be felt more deeply than by myself, for 1 had almost learned to look upon him as a brother." Communicated. Thomas Dugan, Twenty-first Regiment C. V. Died in prison at Andersonville, Ga., June 4, 1864. John T. Bradley, Corporal, Eighteenth Regiment C. V. Killed in the battle of Piedmont, Va., June 5, 1864. Age 19. Charles T. Fannlng, Eighteenth Regiment C. V. Mor- tally wounded at Piedmont, Va., June 5, 1864. William H. Hamilton, Eighteenth Regiment C. V. Killed in the battle of Piedmont, Va., June 5, 1864. Age 18. Thomas McMahon, Eighteenth Regiment C. V. Killed at Piedmont, Va., June 5, 1864. 17 254 THE NORWICH MEMORIAL. Daniel Emmons, Twenty-ninth Regiment, Colored C. V. Died at Beaufort, S. C, June 13, 1864. Walter M. Fox, Second Artillery C. V. Killed at Pe- tersburg, June 22, 1864. August Ehlers, Twenty-first Regiment C. V. Died from wounds at Point of Rocks, Va., July 2, 1864. Thomas M. Baldwin, First Regiment Cavalry C. V. Died in prison at Andersonville, Ga., July 3, 1864. Henry Stewart, Thirty-first U. S. C. T. Killed at Petersburg, July 7, 1864. Byron Crocker, Thirteenth Regiment C. V. Died of wounds received at Georgia Landing at New Orleans, July 16, 1864. He was the son of the late Thomas Crocker, and one of the party that volunteered to storm the works at Port Hudson under the lead of General Birge. John Delaney, Eighteenth Regiment C. V. Killed in the engagement at Snicker's Ford, Va., July 18, 1864. Age 18. Karl Reder, First Conn. Cavalry. Died of wounds at David's Island, N. Y., July 29, 1864. Patrick Conklin, Twenty-first Regiment C. V. Died of disease at Fortress Monroe, Va., August 2, 1864. John F Treadway, Corporal, First Conn. Cavalry. Died in prison at Andersonville, August 3, 1864. He was the son of F. W, Treadway, of Norwich, and enlisted at New Haven. Joseph A. Tracy, Eighteenth Regiment C. V. Wounded at Snicker's Ford, July 18, 1864, and died in hospital at Sandy Hook, Md., August 7, 1864. Age 18. Henry F. Champlin, Tenth Regiment C. V. Died at Andersonville, Ga., August 11, 1864. Joseph A. Bailey, First Conn. Cavalry. Died in prison at Andersonville, August 13, 1864. "THE UNRETURNING BRAVE." !55 John Barney, Twenty-first Regiment C. V. Died of wounds at Fortress Monroe, Va., August 14, 1864. James S. McDavid, First Conn. Cavalry. Captured at Ashland Station, June i, 1864, died at Andersonville, Aug. 21, 1864. Age 17. Henry N. Loomis, Twenty-first Regiment. Mortally wounded at Petersburg, and died August 21, 1864. Age 18. William Davis, First Conn. Cavalry. Captured at Craig's Church, Va., May 3, 1864, died at Andersonville, August 30, 1864. Age 42. William G. Hayward, Eighteenth Regiment C. V. Captured at Winchester, was exchanged, and rejoined his regiment; captured again at New Market, Va., May 15, 1864, and died in prison at Andersonville, September 11, 1864. Age 34. Augustus Berg, Second Artillery C. V. Killed in ac- tion at Winchester, Va., September 19, 1864. Albert Moffett, First Conn. Cavalry. Killed at Win- chester, Va., September 19, 1864. Daniel Laird, Thirteenth Regiment C. V. Killed at Winchester, Va., September 19, 1864. Age 18. Martin Carl, Eighteenth Regiment C. V. Died of disease at Sandy Hook, Md., September 25, 1864. Edward F. Tisdale, First Conn. Cavalry. Was cap- tured after his horse had been shot under him, and died at Andersonville, September 29, 1864. Age 18. Adam Acksler, Eighteenth Regiment C. V. Died in prison at Madisonville, Ga., October 5, 1864. Edward Blumley, Eighth Regiment, C. V. Captured in an engagement upon the Petersburg Railroad, May 7, 1864, and died at Andersonville, Ga., October 6, 1864. Age 39. Gideon McCall, Thirty-first Regiment U. S. C. T. Died of wounds at Alexandria, Va., October 8, 1864. 256 THE NORWICH MEMORIAL. Edward Roe, Ninth Regiment. Killed in action at Cedar Creek, Va., October 19, 1864. Thomas Fillburn, Seventh Regiment C. V. Died in prison in Millen, Ga., October 21, 1864. ]\IosES Stephenson, Twenty-ninth Regiment C. V. Died of wounds, October 27, 1864. Henry W. Greenough, First Conn. Cavalry. Died in prison in Salisbury, N. C, October 29, 1864. Henry Lynch, Second Artillery C. V. Died of wounds at Baltimore, Md., October 31, 1864. William B. Carrol, Corporal, Seventh Regiment, C. V. Died of disease, November 5, 1864. Sylvanus Downer, Eighteenth Regiment C. V. Died in prison at Andersonville, November 5, 1864. He had been chief engineer of the fire department in Norwich, was cap- tured at Winchester, exchanged, rejoined his regiment, and was promoted Color-sergeant. Afterwards wounded in the battle of Piedmont, he was taken prisoner a second time, and carried to the prison-pen at Andersonville, where he died. Age 44. Patrick Glynn, Ninth Regiment C. V. Died of dis- ease, November 25, 1864. Horace B. Wood, Second Artillery C. V. Died in prison at Richmond, Va., December 27, 1864. Herbert E. Beckwith, Corporal, Second Artillery, Mass. Captured at Plymouth, N. C, and taken to Andersonville, Ga., from which he returned, but in so exhausted a condition that he lived but six days, dying December 30, 1864. He was the son of Elisha W. Beckwith, of Norwich, and was born June 23, 1 845. Early in the war he manifested a strong desire to enlist, but his youthful age and the wishes of his parents for a while deterred him. Many thought him too young to endure the hardships of a soldier's life, but the excitement and novelty of such a career had a fascination for him, and. THE UNRETURNING BRAVE.' 257 boy as he was, he too felt the stirrings of that mighty joas- sion which can make of even youth, patriots and heroes. Not that he at this time thoroughly defined his motives, but it was more than idle curiosity that had made him wish to do what he instinctively felt was noble. To have part in the mighty conflict, was his strongest desire. He was a lad of noble impulses, and not unintelligently did he choose that his place should be among the brave defenders of his country. After some debate as to the wisdom of such a course, he enlisted, October i, 1861, in the Tenth Regiment, under Colonel Russell. For nearly two years he shared the for- tunes of that noble regiment. He passed safely through the battles of Roanoke Island, Newbern, and Kingston. Through all this period till June, 1863, he acquitted him- self well as a soldier. His fragile form, and boyish coun- tenance frequently excited the wonder as to how he should have come into the rough scenes and stern experiences of military life. At his father's request he was honorably discharged, June, 1863. His soldierly conduct had gained him the esteem of both officers and men, and at the time of leaving he was to have been promoted Sergeant-major. In November, 1863, he enlisted for the second time in the Second Massachusetts Heavy Artillery. With this regi- ment he left for Norfolk, Va., the following month, and was stationed at Camp O'Rourke, near the city. On the loth of January, 1864, he was made Corporal, and was detailed soon after as Orderly to the Adjutant. In February, the regiment was ordered to Plymouth, N. C, where it per- formed garrison duty at Fort Wessels, one of the defenses of that place. On the 20th of April, Plymouth was attacked by the enemy in force, and after a determined resistance was captured. Young Beckwith, with his regiment, was among 258 THE NORWICH MEMORIAL. the prisoners taken. They were immediately marched off, and taken under strong guard first to Tarboro, and thence to Wihiiington, Charleston, and finally to Andersonville. Here five weary months were passed. Beckwith's jour- nal gives his experience in that terrible prison-pen. It is substantially a history of suffering, cruelty, and of every in- humanity possible to a desperate and unprincipled foe. " This is a miserable place," he writes in one place, " so little care is taken of it, especially of the sick, who die in large numbers." Exposure to the summer's scorching sun, and then to the night-dews, made its impress soon on the youthful soldier. It is painful to read of the struggle he and others had to make to live on the scanty and unwhole- some rations dealt out there. On the 4th of July, he writes : " This most glorious day has passed almost in misery, in the most miserable place almost on earth." Sometimes he speaks of rations of rotten bacon, and again of the non- issue of the usual rations. The tale of suffering is affecting to read, and yet no word of complaint escapes him. Of his personal sufferings and patient hopeful spirit, friends at home knew comparatively little, till companions of his es- caped from that pen of death, and told what they witnessed. Their account of his hopeful courage and resolute endur- ance, was most full and touching. Unable to digest the only food furnished them, Beckwith was among the first to experience the pangs of unsatisfied hunger. His calm rela- tion in his diary of some terrible fact, such as the failure of water, or the appearance of disease, shows how the fearful schooling of these months had familiarized him with the most excruciating suffering. Singularly reticent as to his own interior life, he notes usually whatever he sees of in- terest. The recurrence of the holy Sabbath appeared to make him long most of all for his Christian home. " At THE UNRETURNING BRAVE." 259 times," he says, " I fancy I hear the church bells in Nor- wich." September 12th, 1864, came the welcome news of deliv- erance through exchange, and he left the prison, though with the signs of a not far distant death. Taken to Charles- ton, he with the rest was transferred to one of our trans- ports, and brought North. December 24th, he reached Camp Parole, Annapolis, Md., and on the 28th was removed to the hospital. Pale and weak, with his lungs almost gone, after the exposures incident to his prison-life, he went di- rectly to his bed in the hospital, and died two days after, December 30, 1864. James Massey, Eighteenth Regiment C. V. Died in prison at Florence, S. C, January 7, 1865. Charles H. Monroe, Twenty-ninth Regiment C. V. Died at Fortress Monroe, Va., January 11, 1865. Edward Campbell, Fourteenth Regiment C. V. Died of disease at Washington, D. C, January 18, 1S65. Patrick McNamara, Eighteenth Regiment C. V. Died of disease, January 18, 1865. Silas Brown, Twenty-ninth Regiment C. V. Died at Santiago, Texas, January 25, 1865. George BroW'N, Tenth Regiment C. V. Died at the Point of Rocks, Va., January 27, 1865. Walter Burgoyne, Twelfth Regiment C. V. Died February 5, 1865. George W. Ward, Eighteenth Regiment C. V. Died in prison at Andersonville, Ga., February 6, 1865. He was taken prisoner at Winchester, and confined successively at Belle Isle, Danville, and Andersonville. His manly forti- tude and genial temperament long sustained him, but con- tinued hunger, confinement, and ill-usage at length brought him to the grave, after he had been twenty-one months a 26o THE NORWICH MEMORIAL. prisoner. He had fine musical talents, was a steadfast patriot, and had many warm personal friends. Age 26. Israel Varney, Eighteenth Regiment C. V. Captured at New Market, Va., May 15, 1864. Died in prison at Flor- ence, S. C, February 10, 1865. Henry C. Gaskill, Eighteenth Regiment C. V. Died while en route to be exchanged, at Danville, Va., February 20, 1865. He was the son of Benjamin Gaskill, of Greene- ville, was wounded at Piedmont, taken prisoner at Winches- ter, and kept in long and barbarous captivity. When at length released he was so reduced by starvation and expos- ure that he died on his way home. Age 33. Richard H. Bogue, Sixth Regiment C. V. Died of disease, February 23, 1865. Alexander Driscoll, First Conn. Cavalry. Died of disease at Annapolis, Md., March 7, 1865. Joseph Davis, Eighth Regiment C. V. Died at the Point of Rocks, Va., March 10, 1865. John Best, Second Artillery C. V. Killed near Peters- burg, Va., March 25, 1865. David Cramer, Second Artillery C. V. Killed in action at Petersburg, March 25, 1865. Thomas Keeler, Second Artillery C. V. Killed at Fort Fisher, N. C, March 26, 1865. Francis W. Taylor, P^ighteenth Regiment C. V. Died at Annapolis, Md., March 28, 1865. James Keneley, Tenth Regiment C. V, Killed at Petersburg, April 2, 1865. Anton Burgmayer, P^irst Conn. Cavalry. Died at An- napolis, Md., April 11, 1865. George W. Fox, Eighteenth Regiment C. V. Died at Martinsburg, Va., April 17, 1865. Charles E. Breed, U. S. N. Engineer. Died of dis- ease contracted in the service, April i, 1865. He entered L'''COL IB-!-" CV. THE UNRETURNING BRAVE." 261 the navy in April, 1864, and though not able at that time to endure a soldier's hardship, he hoped to be of some ser- vice to the Government on one of its vessels. With a gen- erous feeling that what he could he ought to do, he took his place on the ship, and by faithful unpretentious duty did his part in crushing out the rebellion. The exposures and labors of his position, however, proved too much for his strength, and reluctantly, though after persistent trial, he was obliged to seek discharge from duty. He came home in February, 1865, with the symptoms of fatal disease, and lingered till the following April, when he died. Age 19. John McDonald, Ninth Regiment C. V. Died May 2, 1865. Abbott Howell, Thirty-first U. S. C. T. Died at Brownsville, Texas, July 16, 1865. Edward Francis, Twenty-ninth Regiment C. V. Died at Brownsville, Texas, September 17, 1865. THE LOST IN OTHER THAN CONNECTICUT REGIMENTS. James Williams, Second N. Y. Artillery. Died of dis- ease, at Alexandria, February, 1862. William D. Lathrop, Fifteenth Regiment 111. V. Died at Paducah of wounds received at battle of Shiloh, April 22, 1862. Edward R. Moore, Fifty-seventh Regiment N. Y. V. Died of disease at Newport News, Va., September 16, 1862. Jacob W. Miller, Fifty-first Artillery. Son of J. W. Miller, Norwich Town. He was with his regiment, which he joined soon after the war broke out, in the North Caro- lina campaign, under General Burnside ; in the Army of the Potomac at South Mountain and Antietam ; in Grant's army at Vicksburg ; and in the battles of the Wilderness. In the conflict near Spottsylvania, May 18, 1864, he was 262 THE NORWICH MEMORIAL. shot through the heart. Age i6. He had never been ab- sent an hour from his post during his connection with the army, and was buried on the battle-field. His commanding officer, writing to his friends, bore grateful testimony to his soldierly faithfulness and courage. John W. Peters, Fourteenth Regiment R. I. V. Died of disease, at Fort Jackson, La., August 24, 1864. Charles J. Tossett, Fourteenth Regiment R. I. V. Died of disease, at Fort Jackson, La., November 20, 1864. Chester H. Hallam, Fourteenth Regiment R. I. V. Died of disease, at Fort Jackson, La., March i, 1865. XIII. IN REBEL PRISONS. " For I was an hungered, and ye gave me no meat ; I was thirsty, and ye gave me no drink : I was a stranger, and ye took me not in ; Naked, and ye clothed me not ; Sick and in prison, and ye visited me not. " Lord, when saw we thee an hungered, or athirst, or a stranger, or nalced, or sick, or in prison, and did not minister unto thee .' " Verily I say unto you, inasmuch as ye did it not to one of the least of these, ye did it not to me." THE saddest memories of all the war are awakened by the names, — Andersonville, Libby, Belle Isle, Florence, Salisbury, Charleston. They are the names of prison pens, so hideous and foul, where the treatment was one of such systematized and unrelenting cruelty, that before them the cheek still blanches, and the heart of every patriot is stirred with emotions he cannot trust to utterance. The story of the inhumanity with which they were managed, of the bru- tality, sickness, disease, starvation, and death that were in- separable from life in them, makes one shudder who is obliged to look even now into their history. The public were slow in coming to any realizing sense of the barbarity of the rebel authorities as displayed in the ar_ rangement and conduct of these fearful prisons, but every returned prisoner brought back his tale of suffering, and soon Congress itself instituted an official inquiry, which though failing to reach the public ear, substantiated, in the facts developed, the worst reports that had become current. The thorough rousing of the nation, however, to all the 264 THE NORWICH MEMORIAL. unutterable barbarities to which our prisoners were subject- ed, was due to the report of the " Committee of Investiga- tion," appointed by the United States Sanitary Commission. This committee was carefully selected, and embraced those in whom the public could place entire confidence. The names of those composing it were as follows : Ellerslie Wallace, M. D., Hon. J. I. Clark Hare, and Rev. Tread- well Walden, of Philadelphia ; Valentine Mott, M. D., LL. D., Edward Delafield, M. D., and Governeur M. Wilkins, Esq., of New York. The narrative of the report was writ- ten by a former Norwich resident, still held in loving and honored remembrance, — Rev. Tread well Walden, Rector of Christ Church, from 1857 to 1863. It was admirably arranged ; the history, based on the irrefutable testimony taken, was calmly and dispassionately related, and as might have been anticipated, the impression produced was most profound and wide-reaching. On its publication, it had an immense circulation in this country, and was extensively read in Europe, startling the whole civilized world by the facts it established, and the appalling details it made public. Oliver Wendell Holmes wrote to Mr. Walden concerning the facts embodied in the report, " Their interest is terri- ble ; the world will shudder and sicken as it reads them. .... I shall read in it at times, and when I can read with- out cursing and swearing. . . . To palliate these infernal savagisms, to call them barbarisms, is a compliment at the expense of barbarism, to which they are not entitled." Many other equally earnest and strongly worded testi- monies were received from prominent men throughout the country, which together with the unprecedented demand for the report, and its vast circulation in various forms, showed that its purpose was attained, and that the public heart was deeply touched, and the mind of the nation con- vinced. The preparation of this report cost the writer IN REBEL PRISONS. 265 much time and labor, and to the admirable and wise accom- plishment of his work, was due the lasting and needed good of which it was unquestionably productive. Among those who contributed testimony, based on per- sonal experience and observation, was Lieutenant-colonel Charles Farnsworth, of this city. His letters were of great interest ; his evidence on points of fact emphatic, exposing clearly the sufferings and horrors incident to life in Libby and Belle Isle. Indeed, when the true state of things in these southern prisons became publicly known, the marvel was that so many of those incarcerated survived the fearful ordeal. When the subject was brought before Congress, by the report of " the Committee on the Conduct of the War," which confirmed the fact that the most unparalleled atroci- ties had been inflicted upon Union prisoners, some advocat- ed a system of strict retaliation. This was, however, decid- edly negatived. In reference to the facts, which some even at this time {1865, Jan.) affected to gloss over. Senator Fos- ter, in his place in the Senate, thus emphatically, and yet with characteristic carefulness, spoke : " I am astonished that any intelligent man should express a doubt, whether our prisoners in the hands of the rebels, from the Jiist day of t/iezvar, have been treated barbarously, inhumanly, and that this treatment continues to the present time. Who are our opponents .'' They are a band of insurgents, robbers, trai- tors, malefactors on land, and pirates on the deep, and be- cause such men descend to what would disgrace savages in the treatment of prisoners, not disgracing any National name, for they have no National name to disgrace, shall we who are citizens of the United States of America, each man feeling that he has a part of the National honor to sustain, do that which disgraces them .^ No, Mr. President, no, no." Mr. Lincoln, when the report of these rebel barbarities 266 THE NORWICH MEMORIAL. came to him, authenticated beyond a doubt, nobly said, when urged to retaHate, " I never can, I never can starve men hke that." The facts are such as are too painful to be dwelt upon, but they cannot be forgotten or overlooked. They stand rather to point the moral of that system of human bondage, which so largely debauched the consciences of those who had aught to do with it, and made millions of our fellow countrymen willing to embroil a peaceful and happy country in civil war, for the purpose of establishing a separate con- federacy, whose " corner stone should be slavery." This prison treatment is the last hideous monument of unre- lieved terror and shame, that will memorialize with eternal infamy the slaveholders' rebellion. No picture of torture or misery was ever presented by a civilized people to the world, comparable to this, — the treatment of our defense- less prisoners by the rebels. And now that enough years have passed to abate the immediate enmities and bitter- nesses occasioned by this unprecedented strife, the impartial historian reluctantly touching upon this dark chapter, can- not make of it other than an unrelieved tale of needless and wicked barbarism, of cruelty so inhuman and persis- tent, of deliberate and systematized -inhumanity, which in savages would not have been palliated. The number of Union prisoners held in the South during the rebellion, was one hundred and twenty-si.x thousand nine hundred and forty (126,940). Of this number twenty- two thousand five hundred and seventy-six died or were starved to death. For the only complete roll of the prison- ers who perished at Andersonville, the nation is indebted to Private Dorance Atwater, of Plymouth, in this State. Two hundred and ninety Connecticut soldiers are known to have lost their lives in this worst of the prisons of the South. In some or all of these accursed prison-pens Norwich IN REBEL PRISONS. 267 soldiers were confined, some falling victims to the treatment which was to such vast numbers fatal ; others, surviving their imprisonment, returned to friends and kindred, rejoic- ing over their escape from death in its most dreaded and distressing form. The exact number of our soldiers that were captured, and for longer or shorter periods confined, cannot now be actually determined. Much was done by citizens at home to mitigate the suf- ferings of those known to be imprisoned, by sending boxes of provisions and clothing, and delicacies for the sick. Not all of these were allowed by the Confederate authorities to be delivered, some were misappropriated, and some reached their destination, bringing untold cheer and comfort to those whose needs were by them supplied. The investi- gation conducted by the committee of the Sanitary Com- mission, showed that at one time in Richmond, three thousand boxes had accumulated, sent to the prisoners in Libby and Belle Isle, by their anxious and devoted friends in the North, and these were maliciously kept back, though piled in warehouses in full sight of many of the hungry captives. The contents of not a few of them were thus entirely spoiled, while those containing clothing were in some known instances appropriated by the rebels. In this way not only were the sufferings of the imprisoned ag- gravated, but those who begged the poor boon of minister- ing to their actual necessities, were insulted and deceived. The Libby — which was the chief prison in Richmond, and the one best known — consisted of a row of brick buildings three stories high, situated on the canal and overlooking the James River, which were formerly tobacco warehouses. The partitions between the buildings were pierced with door- ways on each story, and the entire range of rooms on each floor thus connected, and utilized for prison purposes. The rooms were one hundred feet long by forty feet broad, 268 THE NORWICH MEMORIAL. and in six of them were twelve hundred officers at one time confined, including all grades from a brigadier-general to a second lieutenant. Here, crowded together amid vermin and filth, with no furniture but what the prisoners made, with no sanitary regulations, in the power of a brutal guard, and with rations insufficient to appease the cravings of hun- ger, were those who, under the instigation of a lofty patriot- ism, left homes of comfort and affluence at the North to enter the service of the Government, put in peril by the Rebellion. Norwich had, during the course of the war, a number of representatives in this prison. On the surrender in part of the Eighteenth Regiment, after the disastrous battle of Winchester, officers and privates were taken to Richmond and confined, the former in Libby, the latter in Belle Isle. From this town there were : Colonel W. G. Ely, Captains H. C. Davis, Joseph P. Rockwell, S. T. C. Merwin, M. V. B. Tiffany, John E. Woodward, and Quartermaster Dwight W. Hakes ; also. Lieutenants Adam H. Lindsley, James D. Higgins, Henry F. Cowles, John Francis, and Francis Mc- Keag. Nearly all of the privates were soon paroled, but the officers were held in durance vile, some for almost a year, and six for twenty-one months. The latter, during their captivity made the acquaintance of eight different prisons, being removed from one to another for no well- defined reason. The monotony of prison life was broken up by these repeated changes, and by their diversified expe- rience they acquired a reliable knowledge as to the condi- tion of these various places of confinement. Major (afterwards Lieutenant-colonel) Farnsworth, of the First Regiment Cavalry, was also an inmate of Libby, and while there did what he could to see that those of his own command, captured with him, as well as others whom he knew, shared in the good things sent to him from his own IN REBEL PRISONS. 269 home. His thoughtfulness and zeal in this particular was remembered with devout gratitude by some who returned to speak of it, and who felt that their own preservation iVom death by starvation was due to him. When he was ex- changed, and returned home, he not only had words of tes- timony concerning the inhuman prison treatment which prevailed in Richmond, but he forwarded, as early as pos- sible, to those he had left behind him in weary confinement, a box containing such things as, from experience, he knew would comfort and cheer them. After the battle of Gettysburg, the fare in Libby im- proved somewhat, owing to the wholesome fear of retal- iation, the balance of prisoners being in our favor. The monotonous prison life was varied in every possible way. Classes in the modern languages were formed, a literary society was organized and maintained with great spirit, a journal called the " Libby Chronicle " was edited with inter- est and marked ability. Music classes, theatrical entertain- ments, and other diversions were resorted to, by which the depressing imprisonment was made somewhat endurable. All this was possible in Libby to an extent never allowed in other prisons, because those confined in the former were officers, and were within reach of those ever-helpful and life-cheering boxes sent them from the North. The Sab- bath-school of the Second Church, which had a large repre- sentation among the prisoners in Libby, was specially for- ward and generous in this work of providing boxes for those of their number there confined. On Thanksgiving Day, 1863, it sent twenty-two packages of sundries, fruit, meat, and vegetables to the " boys in Libby," for the pur- chase of which two hundred and forty-one dollars were raised by the school. At the same time, in the Broadway Church, at the union Thanksgiving service, one hundred and sixty dollars were raised for the same purpose. This 18 2 70 THE NORWICH MEMORIAL. money, subsequently increased by a few additional contri- butions, was turned over to Mr. Charles Johnson, who in- closed the whole amount to Mr. C. C. Fulton, of Baltimore, who made the following report : — B/VLTIMORE, December 2%, 1863. Charles Johnson, Esq., — Dear Sir : Your draft for $174.20 was duly received, and I will to-day ship to Colonel William G. Ely the following articles: — Two barrels of flour. One barrel Bologna sausages. One barrel smoked beef. One barrel hams. One barrel chewing and smoking tobacco, pipes, matches, scis- sors, thread, needles, combs, etc. One box of articles of luxury and necessity, to make palatable the substantial food that accompanies it. I inclose your letter to me, with the box, with a list of articles forwarded. I have direct information from Richmond that all the articles I forward are promptly delivered. Yours for the Union, Charles C. Fulton. In acknowledging this timely and most considerate gift of Norwich friends. Colonel Ely wrote back from Libby, January 28, 1864 : — " I have this day visited Belle Isle, by permission of the Con- federate authorities, and was also permitted to carry many things for the comfort of the soldiers of the Eighteenth and Sixth Keg;- iments. I can almost say that it has been the happiest day of my life." Mr. Johnson made, about this time, another attempt to forward supplies to those who were confined in and about Richmond, but it was found impossible to communicate with them, and not till some months later were any boxes or packages allowed to be sent for the relief of those in Libby or Belle Isle. IN REBEL PRISCXS. 271 In February, 1864, Colonel Ely and one hundred and eighty officers made their escape from Libby, through the famous tunnel, on which some fifty-five days of hard work were spent. The Richmond " Inquirer" thus describes this ingenious undertaking to escape from a prison life, which never was comfortable enough to make contented and patient, those who were waiting to be released in the ordinary and only legitimate way : — " It appears that the tunnel under Twentieth Street was dug en- tirely with an old hinge, and the loosened earth — a brittle marl and sand — removed with an old sugar scoop, stolen from the hospital quarters. As the tunnel progressed, the miner took with him, besides his tools, an old-fashioned knapsack made upon a wooden frame, to which a cord was attached. When he filled this with earth it was drawn out by an accomplice who remained in the cellar. The contents safely deposited out of the way, it was then shoved back to the digger with a pole. The basement in which this work was carried on was kept constantly locked, never used, and the windows being tightly nailed, it was dark as pitch." About fifty of those who escaped, including Colonel Ely, were recaptured, and had to pay for this inordinate love of liberty — this daring to work a passage out towards friends and freedom — by close confinement in the underground cells of the Libby, which were infested with rats, and foul with a dampness that dripped from the walls. Still our boys kept up a brave heart during their long and exhaust- ing imprisonment. Captain Davis of the Eighteenth, repre- sented the pluck and noble spirit that dwelt in his com- rades, when he wrote from Libby, October, 1863 : — " On the walls of the Conciergerie, in the days of the French Revolution, was written the sentiment, ' He who retains his patri- otism can never be wholly miserable.' So here in these days, 2/2 THE NORWICH MEMORIAL. having iheir parallel with those, in fraternal bloodshed, this is the sentiment of many a prisoner enduring incarceration to which the fortunes of war have consigned him. Deprived of personal liberty, of the comforts of even camp life, subsisting on a scanty diet, yet we are not of all men most miserable, when we remem- ber for what we are here." It was not an easy thing to escape from these rebel prisons, and those who tried to, paid pretty dear for their liberty if they gained it, while if they failed, it subjected them to all the more rigorous treatment when taken back. We give the following experience of one of our Norwich men, who got out of Libby by means of the tunnel just re- ferred to, as illustrative of what risks those venturing an escape encountered : — NARRATIVE OF ESCAPE FROM LIBBY, "Just as the rebel guard appeared to see that all was right we had started on our slide, feet foremost, through a hole in the brick chimney into the cellar below. Dropping on the cellar bot- tom, we crept across it in the dark, found the opening to the tun- nel occupied by the retiring boots of another aspirant for liberty. As we were rather stalwart in size, hitching along three inches at a hitch, was the best we could do. It was all elbow work, the limited area of the tunnel not admitting any use of the legs. Hitching and perseverance brought us to the exit of the tunnel. Here we waited with head out of the hole (marmot style), took a survey of the empty boxes under the shed that once had been filled by the United States Sanitary Commission supplies, waited for our comrade from Willimanlic, with whom we had sworn to make a strike for liberty. We waited about ten minutes, when we felt a pull at our leg, and speedily emerging frcni the tunnel made room for Lieutenant Clifford, of Ohio. Next came Quartermaster , from New York. Through the cracks of the shed which separated us from the street the rebel guard could be plainly seen patrolling in front of the prison, and watch- IN REBEL PRISONS. 273 ing it closely. It was not a good place to wait even for sworn friends, and the ten minutes seemed like ten hours. "Here we quietly took off our shoes and walked on tiptoe to the corner of the shed. It was evident that we must pass the width of the shed on the beat of the guard. The only time to do it was when he was walking towards the prison. It was done ; and safely around the corner, we three agreed to stand by each other till we reached the Union lines. If ragged uniforms could have disguised us we were well disguised, but not knowing the citv we ran plump on to a rebel guard around the City Hospital. ' Halt ! who goes there ? ' rang like a death knell to our hopes of freedom, but the prompt reply, ' None of your business ; can't a fellow see his girl without being halted ? ' proved a pass-word, and the striking up of ' Dixie' in a half drunken songster style by Clifford, disarmed any suspicion that the sentinel may have had. " We crossed the street in front of the sentinel, and threaded our way to the outskirts of the city on the east side. Every house was dark, and the streets were deserted. When fairly out- side of the city we proceeded with great caution, but found our- selves close upon the fortifications before we were aware of it. These appeared to be unoccupied, and further observation showed us that this was even the case. A single man with a handful of files might have spiked forty or fifty pieces of artillery. Peering over the parapet, the faint glow of camp-fires revealed long lines of stacked muskets and rows of tents. Dusky forms could be seen grouped around fires fi^rther distant, that were supposed to be reserved picket fires. Several spots were tried before we succeeded in finding a gap in the picket lines. We soon found one that promised to be a good outlet, and pushed through without disturbing the sentinels, who could be plainly seen counteracting the chill of a frosty night by the warmth of a few embers. " We were hardly outside of the picket lines, well under way putting as much distance between us and the City of Richmond as possible before dawn, when the sudden neighing of a horse brought us to a stand, and not a second too soon, for careful 2/4 THE NORWICH MEMORIAL. examination showed that a large cavahy picket was dead ahead. The cavalry picket proved more easily evaded than the pickets just passed, so on we pushed, through woods, and over brooks, sometimes floundering in the cold water up to our arm-pits. The night was cold, but exercise and excitement kept us warm. The increasing light of early dawn warned us that it was time to seek a hiding-place for the day. The spot selected was a bushy hill-side covered with scrub oaks. Here we sat down to rest and wait for the next night. "Our Norwich representative now found to his astonishment that he was the only one of the parly who had any provisions. A boiled tongue, shriveled and mouldy, three months' old, kept in anticipation of this emergency, with eighteen soda crackers, comprised the entire stock of provisions, which was divided into three equal lots. A light breakfast was eaten, and by turns two slept, while the third kept watch. Our hiding-place proved well selected, overlooking a road a half-mile distant. Twice dining the day a company of rebel cavalry passed by, also several foot soldiers. Unable to light a fire from fear of attracting attention, we suffered greatly with the cold. At night the march wis re- sumed. "Keeping the North Star in view as a point for reference, we aimed in the direction of Charles City Court House. The second night was much like the first, with fewer indications of the enemy. The next morning's breakfast finished all that was left of the tongue and soda crackers, but failed to satisfy the cravings of our hunger. Our refuge the second day was a large swamp. Want of sleep, want of food, as well as suffering from the cold began to tell on systems already debilitated by long imprisonment. A search was made for acorns to eat ; but it was evident that the acorn crop had been disposed of earlier in the winter by the squirrels and turkies. The latter were frequently seen, but showed great lack of confidence in us refugees, who looked at them with longing eyes, and wished in vain for a shot-gun or rifle. The swamp seemed sufficiently unfrequented, dark, and dense to give a feeling of security from cavalry and infantry. At night the IN REBEL PRISONS. 275 march was resumed, and as we knew that we had already left Bottom's Bridge in the rear we confidently anticipated being within the lines of General Butler's corps the next morning. " T'he third night's march was one of great suffering and faint- ness from hunger. The New York Quartermaster showed signs of extreme weakness, and retarded the march of the other two greatly. The last two hours of the night was over mostly open country, and the gray of dawn found us wearily struggling through a thinly wooded tract of timber. We much disliked the appearance of a lonely house about three quarters of a mile dis- tant, — there was no shelter where we were, and we pushed on as rapidly as possible, hoping to reach what seemed to be a dense swamp about a mile ahead, and expecting there to find a secure hiding-place, from which we could watch for the blue coats of Uncle Sam's cavalry. "Just now the sound of cavalry was heard in our rear, but it came from the wrong direction. "Only a half a mile to the swamp, and no place to hide even a man's head till it was reached. So on we pushed, the Quartermaster falling behind from exhaustion. The sound of horsemen came nearer and a triumphant yell announced that the Quartermaster was again in the hands of the rebels. We had succeeded in getting out of the timber, and were going down the hill-side for the swamp, going at a lively pace, too. Soon we heard shouts of, ' Halt ! ' but heeded them not. Crack ! crack ! crack ! crack ! went the carbines till there was a rattling fire, nearer and nearer sounded the horses' feet, till these seemed more fearful than the fusilade and whistling of bul- lets. Only one hundred yards, and horses would not have been able to follow ! Another yell, and Clifford was taken. A horse- man dashed by us, sprang from his saddle, and intercepted us with a Colt's navy pistol leveled at our head. "Libby Prison loomed up again ! The captured were gathered together, three in number, in company with our pursuers, who were Major Robertson's cavalry, forty in number. "'I say, Yank, ain't you hit? ' was a frequent inquiry. And ' No ; wish I had been,' the sullen reply. And some laugh- 276 THE NORWICH MEMORIAL. ing was done at the expense of the crack shots of the company by their comrades. A proposition was made to us by the ser- geant of the company : ' Say ! You tell the Major that I did the right smart thing in overhauling you, and you shall have a good breakfast.' The proposition was accepted, and we breakfasted with Major Robertson, and received handsome treatment that day. We now learned, much to our chagrin, that we were cap- tured on ground held by General Butler's command forty-eight hours previously, and were several miles above Charles City Court House. " The next morning we were turned over to the home cavalry guard, a mean, cruel set of devils, who marched us till noon, and then turned us over to a relief, who marched us to the doors of Libby Prison, forty miles, in one day ! " Dick Turner, jailor, smiled grimly upon us, and ordered us to the cells below, and put us on a diet of corn bread and water. Below, we found companions, — forty men, stowed away in four cells, seven feet by twelve feet each, — many of whom, like our trio, had the entire soles of their feet blistered in the attempt to escape. Ten men were confined for three weeks in a cell seven feet by twelve, with not room for them all to lie down at once, and when they did lie down wharf rats and vermin were too plenty to permit rest." Belie-Isle — a small island in the James River, opposite the Tredegar Iron Works of Richmond — was in part used for prison purposes. The upper portion, being broken and rocky, was ill-adapted to use of this sort ; so the lower end, which was flat and sandy, comprising from three to six acres, was made into a pen. It was inclosed by an em- bankment of earth, with a ditch inside, in which from ten to twelve thousand prisoners were herded like cattle, with no shelter but worn-out tents, and these sufficient to ac- commodate only a meagre number of the suffering and exposed. On this low, unhealthy island, enduring all that results from overcrowding, from inadecjuate rations, from IN REBEL PRISONS. 277 uncleanliness, from exposure to rain and night dews, were the captured privates of the Eighteenth, and representa- tiv'^es of Norwich in other regiments, confined. Lieutenant-colonel Nichols, of the Eighteenth Regiment, who was nine months a prisoner in Libby, in a letter to General Schenck, Chairman of the Congressional Military Committee, dated March, 1864, thus describes the state of things on Belle Isle : — " On the island, where at times there were as many as nine or ten thousand, the tents for the men were poor. No straw was furnished as bedding, and at no time was there enough to accom- modate all. Vitality was so reduced by starvation, that many were absolutely frozen to death, and numerous amputations of frozen toes and feet were made necessary. But it seems to be a standing regulation to prevent the men from dying on the island, hence they are borne off when in a dying condition, that the officials may be able always to show but comparatively few graves in the island burial place, and yet have it to say that all who have died upon the island have been buried there. It would be well, if all who even died there were decently buried The first demand of the poor creatures on the island was always for food, and we have seen them die clutching the half-eaten crust." The patient courage and inflexible loyalty of these suffer- ing Union prisoners were hardly appreciated by the coun- try, and it was only as facts and incidents from their prison experience became known, that the public began to realize their heroism. Colonel Farnsworth stated, that while he was in Richmond, some three hundred shoemakers were confined at one time on Belle Island, and although men were there dying from starvation, and all were on rations so meagre, that their hunger was never appeased, yet they indignantly refused the offer of extra rations and other privileges, if they would work for the Confederacy. Such 2/8 THE NORWICH MEMORIAL. was the honor that even the most barbarous treatment could not tempt or break down. Andersonville, — the name which starts echoes fraught only with horror, — was an open space of twenty-five acres, resembHng in shape a parallelogram, bisected by a little brook which flowed through it, with barely a perceptible ripple. The fence or stockade was made of upright trunks of trees about twenty feet high, near the top of which, at regular intervals, were small platforms, where the butcher- like guards were stationed. Twenty feet inside of this fence ran a light railing parallel to it, which formed " the dead line." Visiting it in 1868, there were still to be seen the remains of the caves in which the prisoners sought shelter from the torrid heat of summer, or the cold dews and frosts of winter, or the drenching rains which pitilessly descended upon them, as they were crowded in this otherwise uncov- ered camp. The soil was of red clay, and could be cut or moulded into any shape, so that caves, and sleeping holes, and fire-places could be fashioned by the industrious pris- oner. Relics of the sheds which they were allowed to build could still be seen, and remains of the rude self- made implements constructed for their use, were found scattered through this fearful place. Here were confined at one time as many as twenty- seven thousand prisoners, with the death-rate in the summer of 1864, because of its unutterably horrible condition, over one hundred and thirty a day. The history of this prison-pen is too frightful to be read ; it has no parallel for fiendish cruelties and bar- barities. Like Dante's " Inferno, " it soon came to be un- derstood — " Who enters here, leaves hope behind." In this accursed place were some of our soldiers con- fined, and here met their sad torturing death. IN REBEL PRISONS. 279 Herbert Beckwith, Private in the Tenth Regiment In- fantry, afterwards Corporal in the Second Heavy Artillery of Massachusetts, was captured at Plymouth, April, 1864, and taken to Andersonville. Here he spent five weary months, leaving in his journal the record of sufferings and patient waiting for release, affecting to read. Boy that he was, he was spared none of the rigors and inhumanities, under which he gradually gave way. He lived to reach Camp Parole, Annapolis, Md., to behold once more the flag for which he had periled his young life, and there, in the hospital, kindly cared for by a Christian woman, he died in peace. George W. Ward, of the Eighteenth Regiment, taken prisoner at the battle of Winchester, June 15, 1863, after being confined successively at Belle Isle and Danville, was brought to Andersonville. Here he, too, fell a victim to treatment it was given to but few so long imprisoned, to survive. Twenty-one months of dreary, wasting, heart- breaking captivity he endured, hoping for that which to so many never came — release from the sufferings that made each prison one of deeper despair. He found his libera- tion through death, February 6, 1865. An earnest patriot, loved for qualities and gifts which made life full of promise and happiness, he is numbered with our martyred dead. Joseph H. Winship, of the Eighteenth Regiment, had a prison experience, in nearly all of its features, like that of his comrade and townsman, Ward. Unable to bear up un- der his long confinement, attended as it was with increased suffering and lessening strength, he died at Andersonville, April 5, 1864. Joseph A. Bailey, First Regiment Cavalry. Captured June I, 1864. Died at Andersonville, August 13, 1864. Thomas M. Baldwin, First Regiment Cavalry, Captured May 5, 1864. Died at Andersonville, July 3, 1864. 280 THE NORWICH MEMORIAL. Edward Blumley, Eighth Regiment. Was taken pris- oner in an engagement on the Petersburgh R. R., May 7, 1864, and died at Andersonville, October 6, 1864. Henry F. Champlin, Tenth Regiment. Captured near St. Augustine, Fla., while on picket duty, December 30, 1863, and died at Andersonville, August 11, 1864. William Davis, First Regiment Cavalry. Captured at Craig's Church, Va., May 5, 1864. Died at Andersonville, August 30, 1864. Thomas Dugan, Twenty-first Regiment. Died at Andersonville, June 4, 1864. Sylvanus Downer, Eighteenth Regiment Captured at Winchester, Va. Was paroled June 15, 1863 ; returned to the ranks, and was a second time taken prisoner, at New Market, Va., June 5, 1864. Died at Andersonville, Novem- ber 5, 1864. William G. Hayward, Eighteenth Regiment. Cap- tured at Winchester, June 15, 1863. Was paroled and rejoined his comrades, and again taken prisoner at New Market, Va., May 15, 1864. Died at Andersonville, Sep- tember II, 1864. James S. McDavid, First Regiment Cavalry. Captured at Ashland Station, June i, 1864. Died at Andersonville, August 21, 1864. Edward F. Tisdale, First Regiment Cavalry. Captured May 14, 1864. Died at Andersonville, September 29, 1864. John F. Treadway, First Regiment Cavalry. Died at Andersonville, August 3, 1864. Moses Tyler, Fourteenth Regiment. Died at Ander- sonville, April 14, 1864. On the third of January, 1866, Mr. G. W. Smith of this city was dispatched to Andersonville, to recover the bodies of those Norwich soldiers, known to be interred there, and whose graves could be identified. The expense of his IN REBEL PRISONS. - 281 journey, and the' removal of the bodies was provided for out of the patriotic fund. Mr. Smith succeeded in bringing away the remains of nine of our Norwich boys. The city authorities awarded tliem a pubhc funeral and a burial lot in Yantic Cemetery. Commemorative services were held in Breed Hall, and the coffins placed on a funeral car, covered by the American flag, were borne in solemn pro- cession by friends and citizens, societies and soldiery, to the place prepared for their reception. Their graves are now with us, and this last tribute, of providing them a burial amid kindred dust, and in the precincts of the town their patriotism and sufferings honored, has been paid their memory. In addition to these martyrs to the terrible prison treat- ment of Andersonville, two of our soldiers are known to have perished at Florence, S. C. James Massey, Eighteenth Regiment. Captured May 15, 1864, and died January 7, 1865. Israel Varnev, Eighteenth Regiment. Died February 10, 1865. Besides these, and completing the list of our prison-dead, are Adam Acksler, Eighteenth Regiment. Captured June 5, 1864, and died at Madisonville, October 5, 1864. Thomas Fillburn, Seventh Regiment. Captured May 16, 1864, and died at Millen, Ga., October 21, 1864. Henry W. Greenough, First Regiment Cavalry. Died at Salisbury, N. C, October 9, 1864. Horace B. Wood, Second Regiment Artillery. Died at Richmond, December 27, 1864. Henry C. Gaskill, Eighteenth Regiment. Wounded and captured at battle of Piedmont, June 5, 1864. Died at Danville, Va., on his way to be exchanged, February 20, 1865, after a long and barbarous captivity. 282 . THE NORWICH MEMORIAL. This by no means exhausts the number of those who for a longer or shorter period were confined in some of the numerous prison-pens, with which the South abounded, but the rest survived, Hving to reach home and die among their friends, or to recover the health their imprisonment had in many instances seriously impaired. What a fearful commentary, however, on the prisons of the Confederacy, is this list of our dead. Among the latter were men fully up to the average of human strength and en- durance, and brave soldiers animated by patriotic impulses ; yet such was the deliberately planned treatment and fare, that they perished, victims of rebel inhumanity. Some discrimination was made in dealing with commissioned officers, but on the private soldier fell the unrelieved bru- tality that made confinement in prison so largely fatal. Capt. John B. Dennis, of the Seventh Regiment, was captured with part of his command, while guarding the picket line in front of Bermuda Hundreds. He was taken from one prison to another, being a temporary tenant in six different pens, but made a bold and successful escape from Richland jail, Columbus, S. C, the last one in which con- fined. He, with six of the longest imprisoned officers of the Eighteenth Regiment, was among the six hundred Union prisoners exposed to the fire of our batteries by General Gillmore, in retaliation for the bombardment of the nursery- city of the rebellion, — Charleston, S. C. The jail of the latter, in which at one time eighteen hundred prisoners were confined, suffering from lack of clothes and food, was in keeping with the other prisons already described. It was so crowded as to render the condition of the inmates one of extreme wretchedness. Lieutenant James D. Hig- gins of the Eighteenth Regiment escaped from this prison, by a bold stratagem, making out to reach Hilton Head, S. C, in safety. IN REBEL PRISONS. 283 From Camp Sorghun, Columbia, S. C, Captain H. C. Davis of the same Regiment, made his escape, but after a tramp of one hundred and fifty miles, through wood and swamp, was tracked and run down by a pack of hounds, and taken back to the fearful prison, after an absence of twenty- three days. The following is the narrative of Lieutenant H. F. Cowles' escape from captivity : — *• We left the prison in Columbia, S. C, February 14, 1865, and were marched to the Railroad, where a special train, going north, awaited us. We were packed into box cars, the same as are used here for carrying freight, with a slicing door on each side. One of these doors was locked, and the other generously left open that we might breathe. The guards were placed on top of the car, the Rebels having once before detected an attempt to overpower them when stationed inside. " As the night came on and we got under way, rain began to fall, which turned into hail, and the storm became so furious that we had to push the door nearly together, leaving only a small aper- ture for breathing purposes. I had determined to effect my es- cape, for I did not feel, knowing how poor the Confederacy was, that 1 could any longer trespass upon its hospitality. I had talked over the matter with Captain Hawkins, of the Seventy-eighth Illi- nois and Lieutenant Sears, of the Ninety-sixth New York, when we watched in turn at the door for a favorable chance to escape. As the train stopped for wood and water about thirty miles out of Columbia, it was found that seven out of the nine cars of our train had been lost on the road. After a council was held, it was deter- mined to back down and find the missing cars. I told my com- rades that now was our time ; so after making them both promise to follow me, I jumped out. The ground was covered with sleet, and as soon as I struck, my feet went from under me, and I rolled down the side of the track against the fence. For an instant I expected to have a volley of musket balls poured into me, but as they did not come, I gathered myself up and tried, to vault over the fence. 284 THE NORWICH MEMORIAL. I got half way over and there stuck, doubting not at this time I should be riddled ; but giving another desperate lurch, I tumbled head first into the field on the opposite side. I drew myself along for a few lengths, and then ran on all fours, until I had placed a few rods between me and the train. I then lay perfect- ly still, not daring to rise for fear of being seen, and awaited the coming of my companions. I was scarcely over the fence myself before I heard Hawkins come crashing out, and it seemed to me as though he was making noise enough to wake the dead ; then Lieu- tenant Sears came, and as I thought two others, and then all was quiet. Not a shot had been fired, which astonished me more tlian anything else. I immediately gave the signal which we had agreed upon, a quail call, and out they came, one, two, three, four. They seemed to rise out of the very ground, and upon getting together, we found not only our original party of three, but two more, who seeing how safely we escaped, followed us on the spur of the moment. " Our first care was to place as great a distance between us and the guard as possible, so we took up a line of march across the country at a right angle wilh the Railroad. " Our cramped prison life for twenty months previous, and the food we had received, had not particularly fitted us for such work as this, but we were on the road to freedom. Pluck and nerve kept us going, and we got over the ground in a style that did us all credit under the circumstances. After repeated attempts, we got a fire started, and bringing forth our corn bread and hard tack, we all sat around the fire and warmed ourselves and ate our breakfast as free men once more. " We then went as far into the forest as we could, and still keep the fire in view, where we waited for something to turn up. We remained here, I suppose, about two hours, all too thoroughly drenched and too excited by our novel position to sleep, when to our great joy we saw our picket approaching the fire, accompa- nied by a negro. He listened very quietly to all we said, and then assured us in the first place that we ran no risk in staying near our fire, as there would probably be no white persons along ^ Inf ^ 3c Brev: Brig. Gen - IN REBEL PRISONS. 28: that way. We told him that, as our provisions were nearly ex- hausted, he could best serve us if he would go back to his cabin and get from the other negroes, or any one else, such eatables as we could most readily carry. " At nightfall our faithful guide came back, bringing with him corn-meal, corn-bread, and cooked and raw bacon, upon which we all fell like wolves, and ate a good substantial supper. Gathering from him all possible information as to our route, and being led by him for some little way, we pushed on our exciting course, meeting with a variety of adventures, and finding our way to freedom about as 'hard a road as Jordan' to travel. Two days and nights passed in this sort of weary wandering, when I was startled while on watch by the distant booming of artillery. At once it occurred to us, ' this is old Tecumseh giving them a little serenade at Columbia!' Inspirited by this music, we started on again, heading for Wilmington, N. C. Through swamps and roads, weary, hungry, and ragged, we still held on our route, until we came across another negro. He also proved a friend in need, and from him we learned that we were near one of the principal roads, and that his master said that probably some of General Sherman's army would pass that way, and advised us, instead of trying to pass the rebel lines to reach our own, to let him secrete us in one of those almost impenetrable swamps, and there wait for the rebels to pass and our army to come up. At midnight his son came to guide us to his father's cabin. We were intro- duced to his wife, who had prepared a substantial supper for us. I can't remember all the courses, but the principal feature was an immense roasted goose, with appropriate fixtures, thinking of which even now makes my mouth water. The way that we went for that fowl, and the other things on the table, would have as- tonished any member of a civilized community, I think. After concluding our supper, we all sat around the fire-place and had a good smoke, and then, having expressed our thanks to our hostess, we started for the swamp. Here we were secreted for nearly a week, visited nightly by our colored friend, who brought us provisions, and cheered our hearts by his own hopeful assur- 19 286 THE NORWICH MEMORIAL. ances. Near the close of this week of confinement he brought the glad news that Sherman's troops had come up, and led us to one oi^ the cabins near his own, where we found the orderly of General Howard. By him we were taken to headquarters, and there met such a reception as only the blue-coats could give us. We were fitted out with clothing contributed by our fellow-officers, and in due season were forwarded to Wilmington, and thence to New York. Thus ended our life of captivity, and our long and exciting escape from the prison-pen of Columbia and the land of Dixie. H. F. Cowles." The fittest conclusion we can make to this chapter on the sttfferings of our heroes in these wretched spots, is in the words taken from a letter in the " American Mis- sionary," dated Atlanta, Ga., May 13, 1867. " Did they ever imagine, those rebel officers, who used our poor boys to erect those buildings, — buildings put up to enable them to hold thirty thousand prisoners in unheard of tortures, — did they imagine to what use these buildings were to be put so soon ? Did they dream that the wail of the captive would scarcely be hushed, and the last victim laid to sleep his last sleep in those awful witness-bearing trenches, before two angels of mercy should take up their abode there, transforming that hell upon earth into a little earthly heaven .'' Yes, ' Andersonville ' has been cleansed and sanctified, and, thank God, by the purity, the presence, the labor and the love of woman. Where the rebel soldiers' jeer and oath used to be heard, now daily ascends the sweet sound of prayer and praise. For the howl of the hungry hound, eager to chase the perishing Union fugitive, you may now hear the sweet voices of the children blending in song. The jailor has fled, haunted by the memory of his crimes (for Wirtz was not alone in the charge), and two gentle women have taken possession of his dwelling. The persecuted slave has found a shelter in the huts erected by his persecutors, and the freedman's corn is now grow- ing in the empty stockade." In 1868 we were permitted to attend a school meeting in IN REBEL PRISONS. 287 what was part of the barracks of the rebel garrison. Here in this place of saddest memories, a school had been opened, through Northern benevolence, in which was gathered from near and far, those who were hungry for knowledge. We listened to their weird songs, learned in the dark days of their bondage, and then speaking words of cheer to them, reminded them of their new responsibilities, resulting from their lately gained liberty, which had at last lifted them to the dignity of freemen and citizens. From the schoolhouse, where we watched with a pathetic sort of interest the bright eyed boys and girls recite, we crossed the yard, passing what was formerly the rebel officers' quarters, and took our course •to the stockade. Within the inclosure we stood awhile, its suffering memories coming back to us, and thought of the change that had come over this once populous and dreary spot. Thence we went to the cemetery, hard by, where rest the tweh^e thousand that were borne from out the awful prison to grateful sepulture. The trees were just coming out in their new spring foliage, the air was resonant with singing birds, the mellow light of the setting sun irradiated the simple white head-boards, which had been erected by our Government to mark the close and neatly arranged graves of our martyred dead, while over their sleeping dust the southern pines cast their benignant shade, and swept by the evening breeze, made a low dirge-like music- There, standing in the silence of that beautiful cemetery, where the unnamed thousands of our patriotic dead lie buried, over whose graves the National Government watches, I thought of the change that even here had taken place. What was but a little while before a rude burial spot, in which the lifeless forms of once brave and fondly loved men were hurriedly laid in the long and fast filling trenches, was now a tastefully arranged cemetery. Each grave was des- ignated and carefully turfed, while ramifying paths led 288 THE NORWICH MEMORIAL. every whither through this sacred inclosure ; and over the principal gate of the cemetery were the following appropri- ate lines : — " The muffled drum's sad roll has beat The soldiers' last tattoo, No more on life's parade shall meet The brave and daring few. On Fame's eternal camping ground Their silent tents are spread, And glory guards with solemn round. The bivouac of the dead." This was the altered and redeemed Andersonvill^. Prison days were ended, the rude cheap sepulture of lamented dead, had ceased, and on every side appeared the signs of, " the good time coming," in which these sleeping heroes be- lieved, and for the hastening on of which they devoted life itself. We thanked God for the change, and breathed a prayer of thanksgiving for what the sacrificial sufferings of those all about us in their quiet graves, had accomplished, and took hope for that better future, whose dawn we even here beheld. " New England ! on thy spotless shield, inscribe thine honored dead, Oh ! keep their memory fresh and green, when turf blooms o'er their head ; And coming nations yet unborn, will read, with glowing pride, Of those who bore thy conquering arms, and suffering, fought and died ; Who, foremost in the gallant van, laid life and honor down — Oh ! deck with fadeless bays their names who've won the martyr's crozun.^^ XIV. 1 86s. CLOSE OF THE WAR. — FALL OF RICHMOND. " Thank God ! the bloody days are past, Our patient hopes are crowned at last ; And sounds of bugle, drum, and fife. But lead our heroes home from strife ! " Thank God ! there beams o'er land and sea Our blazing Star of Victory ; And everywhere, from main to main. The old flag flies and rules again ! " George H. Boker. The quiet of the grand army under Grant, during the eventful winter of 1864-5, ^^^s part of that General's strat- egy. Instead of wishing to drive the Rebel Government and army from the banks of the James, he was only appre- hensive that they would voluntarily abandon Virginia for a time, and that Lee would attempt to attack Sherman, as he was making his splendid though hazardous march to the sea. This expedient, however, seems not to have oc- curred to the Confederate leaders. Prior to the opening of the Spring Campaign, General Lee had been appointed to the command of all the armies of the Confederacy, and as indicative of the desperate condition in which the rebels found themselves, the Legislature of Virginia on the Six- teenth of February, 1865, passed resolutions, "authoriz- ing, and consenting that such number of able bodied slaves 290 THE NORWICH MEMORIAL. might be enlisted into the mihtary service as might be deemed necessary." The Confederate Congress subse- quently passed a bill to the same effect, but too late to be of any practical avail. Mr. Hunter, of Virginia, in connection with this strange measure, said he voted for the bill to arm and emancipate negroes, under instructions from the Virginia Legislature, but entered a protest against it, as an abandonment of the contest, and a surrender of the ground upon which the South seceded. "When we left the old Government, we thought we had got rid forever of the slavery agitation ; but, to my surprise, I find that this (Confederate) government assumes the power to arm the slaves, which involves also the power of emancipation. This proposition would be regarded as a confession of despair. If we are right in passing this measure, we were wrong in denying to the old Government the right to interfere with slavery and to emancipate slaves. If we offer the slaves their freedom as a boon, we confess that we are insincere and hypocritical in saying slavery was the best state for the negroes themselves. 1 believe that the arming and emancipating the slaves will be an abandon- ment of the contest." Time, and stern necessity had at last made unwilling con- verts of the Confederate authorities, and the " black corner- stone " of their government was reluctantly removed, and those who had heaped unmeasured abuse on Mr. Lincoln for his edict of emancipation, and had ridiculed the sugges- tion that negro slaves could ever be transformed into effec- tive soldiers, now turned in the hour of their direst need to these same despised menials, and sought to replenish the thinned ranks of their armies with blacks. It was time now that the Confederacy came to its de- served downfall. It had haulfcd in the flag it gave to the breeze with such defiance of all the best thought and civi- CLOSE OF THE WAR. — FALL OF RICHMOND. 29I lization of the world, in the Spring of 1861. The Provi- dence of the Almighty had made the fated chiefs of this wicked rebellion take back their infamous proclamation, and brought them to where they were glad to seek aid of the ' inferior race,' and proffer freedom to them if they would help save their crumbling government. The Richmond " Examiner," proclaiming with its char- acteristic boldness, what were " Southern Principles," thus spoke forth in no equivocal language in May, 1863 : — " The establishment of the Confederacy is verily a distinct reaction against the whole course of the mistaken civilization of the age. For Liberty^ Equality, Fraternity, we have deliberately substituted Slavery, Subordination, and Government. These social and political problems which rack and torture modern society, we have undertaken to solve for ourselves, in our own way, upon our own principles. There are slave races born to serve ; mas- ter races born to govern. Such are the fundamental princiijles which we inherit from the ancient world, which we lifted up in the face of a perverse generation that has forgotten the wisdom of its Fathers. By these principles we live, and in their defense we have shown ourselves ready to die." Behold the sequel ! Two years of terrible war, and their boasted principles neither save them, nor for them are they ready to die. Now they will concede liberty and military service, if their former bondsmen will only die for them. Here indeed is the pitiable spectacle of the Confederacy, whose corner-stone gave way, whose new doctrine of human rights was to correct and enlighten the " mistaken civiliza- tion of the age." The " lost cause," may it disappear among the vanished barbarisms, which in earlier centuries, and before the mild teachings of the Gospel appeared, had some apology for seeking to exist. Yea! may it be so lost, that none will be found to acknowledge they struck a blow, or shed a drop of blood in behalf of what brought back on 2^2 THE NORWICH MEMORIAL. man the gloom and shame and servitude, from which it had taken long ages of suftering and struggle to escape. Heaven pity the deluded men, who periled life for their anomalous, their ever infamous cause. We cannot feel otherwise than indignant, that at this late period, a prominent English Review (The Edinburgh), should attempt to hold up for the admiration of the world one of the leaders of the Rebellion. For the men who fought in the ranks, much can be said in their behalf They had no choice in the main, as to whether they would es- pouse the cause or not. They were conscripted, overborne by the governments that soon left them but one alternative, — either to fight or else suffer such persecutions as the desperateness of the usurping rulers could invent. Englishmen, it is but reasonable to suppose, might by this time show some intelligent appreciation of the peculiar criminality of those who inaugurated the rebellion, who committed the meanest and extremest crime of which army honor is cognizant, — that is, treason. Yet that was the unblushing deed of the chieftain of the Confederate armies. He broke his oath of fealty to the Government that edu- cated and honored him, and with politic equivocalness, delayed the doing of it, till he might add to the role of traitor the part of spy. And yet Lee is held up to us even at this day by this reviewer as a man who was a victim of fate, an " innocent expiator of the truth he told, of wrongs done in ages past to helpless Africans." He died, we are informed, " without the sign of ailment outwardly, without a word of pain ; that great heart that repined not for his own loss of dignity or of ancestral fortune, giving way at last, under the continued pressure of the ruin and degradation of the beloved State to the freedom of which the prospects of his whole life had been sacrificed." Lee was fighting for Virginia, which the CLOSE OF THE WAR. — FALL OF RICHMOND. 293 Federal Government was trying to enslave. To that point has the once liberal " Edinburgh Review " arrived, eight years after the final defeat of the great struggle of the South in behalf of the peculiar institution. During the winter there were unauthorized attempts to make terms with the Confederates, by some of the irre- pressible peace-men, under the lead of Mr. Blair. The latter made out a rather melancholy view of our situation and prospects, and approached Mr. Lincoln with the query, " Assuming that Grant is baffled and delayed in his efforts to take Richmond, will it not be better to accept peace on favorable terms than to prolong the war .'' " etc. To which the President replied with that imperturbed calm- ness that made him long-suffering towards these annoy- ing " go-betweens," who were eager for a peace they knew would practically destroy the integrity of the Union, " There are, first, two indispensable conditions to peace, — national unity and national liberty. The national authority must be restored through all the States, and I will never recede from the position I have taken on the slavery question." The steadfast purpose of Mr. Lincoln to secure the re- establishment of the federal authority, made him a safe leader ; no wiles of politicians could turn him aside from this supreme object. And when a dispatch came to him from General Grant, on the third of March, saying Gen- eral Lee desired an interview with him to arrange terms of peace, the Secretary of War promptly telegraphed back Mr, Lincoln's reply : " The President directs me to say to you, that he wishes you to have no conference with General Lee, unless it be for the capitulation of General Lee's army. He instructs me to say that you are not to decide, discuss, or confer upon any political question Meantime you are to press to the utmost your military advantages." The sublime devotion of the man to his one grand pur- 294 THE NORWICH MEMORIAL. pose, the courage and hopefulness with which he adhered to it, shows of what stuff he was made. Less firmness, less faith, less consecrated effort to effect one great end, might have lost for us the cause, for which four years of battling was not too much to pay. And now, as the fourth of March dawned, this man, tried as few men in his position before him had been, and trusted by the people with a new lease of office, was to pronounce his second inaugural. It was delivered not as the first had been, to a nation on the eve of civil war, but to one about to come forth victoriously from it. It was spoken, not in a city filled with traitors, seeking to betray it, but in the Capital, which had been preserved from its foes, and was now more than ever the seat of a great and free government. It was short, but full of the grandest sentiment, the pro- foundest wisdom, and characterized by a deeply Christian spirit. No state paper, in American annals, ever made such an impression upon those who heard or read it. A distin- guished jurist of New York said, " A century from to-day that inaugural will be read as one of the most sublime ut- terances ever spoken by man." How often has the follow- ing magnificent passage in it been quoted : " Fondly do we hope, fervently do we pray, that this mighty scourge of war may pass away. Yet if God wills that it continue until all the wealth piled by the bondman'i^ two hundred and fifty years of unrequited toil shall be sunk, and until every drop of blood drawn with the lash, shall be paid by another drawn with the sword, as was said three thousand years ago, so still it must be said, that the judgments of the Lord are true and righteous altogether ; " while with equal frequency has that other golden sentence, the best epitome of his own moral nature, been repeated, passing into a proverb among our people : " With malice toward none, with charity for all." The English people were slow in coming to appreciate CLOSE OF THE WAR. — FALL OF RICHMOND. 295 Mr. Lincoln ; but by this time his rare merit as a man, and the head of a Great RepubHc, was by the best part of the British press recognized. The London " Spectator " paid this discriminating tribute to him : — "There is something in that steady borne persistence, that re- soh'e so iron, that it cannot even bend to make phrases, which is indefinitely impressive to the spectator, which, in the South must, more even than defeat on the field, produce a sense of the hope- lessness of the contest. The President does not boast, shows no hate, indulges in no cries of triumph over the steady advance of his armies, threatens no foreign powers, makes no promises of speedy success, comforts the people with no assurance of a Uto- pian future, but, as if compelled by a force other than his own will, slides quietly but irresistibly along the rails." Meanwhile the armies of the Republic had not been idle General Sherman, after a victorious though hazardous march through the very heart of the Confederacy, exposing its ex- hausted condition, had presented himself, and his bronzed veterans, as a Christmas gift to the city of Savannah, and left it no option as to whether it would accept. The most brilliant exploit of the war, the capture of Fort Fisher by the combined forces of the army and navy, marked the opening of the campaign for 1865. General Sherman, in February, resumed his march from Savannah northward, capturing Columbus, S. C, Goldsboro, N. C, and forcing the enemy to evacuate Charleston, S. C, and effected a junction with Generals Terry and Schofield. The romance of war has nothing comparable to this triumphant march of Sherman through the rebel territory, gleaning the belt of country he covered with his columns of all that could be used or destroyed. The Union flag now floated over Sum- ter, and the once rebellious city, where treason always had its most fiery advocates, while the rebel territory was decidedly narrowed. The admirable strategy of the Commander-in- 296 THE NORWICH MEMORIAL. chief now began to be recognized by all ; for, differ as we may as to the fighting and manoeuvering of the last campaign, it was the splendid conclusion of the war, the successful combinations, which bore witness to the far-sighted plans and skillful and resistless execution of the same on the part of him who controlled the armies of the government. The verdict of history will attest the military sagacity and supe- rior generalship of the conqueror of the rebellion. The whole country waited, amid the suppressed excitement, the denoue- ment of the movements known to be in progress. Sheridan had started on his daring raid from Winchester, aiming at Lynchburg and the westward communications of the Con- federacy, and now came the anxiously planned for moment for the grand advance of the columns under Grant. It be- gan on the twenty-ninth of March, and ten days' marching and fighting finished the campaign. The fate of the rebel Capital and its defending army was sealed, as the iron grip of the investing forces tightened. Petersburg fell first, yield- ing to the assault along our whole line, April second. On the day following, the rebel army was in full retreat, and be- fore noon the same day, Monday, April third. General Weitzel, commanding a detachment of the army of the James, entered Richmond, General Draper's Black Brigade in the advance, all the regiments displaying the National colors, and the band playing " Rally round the Flag." Among the first to enter the rebel capital were the First Connecticut Battery, and the Twenty-first, Twenty-Ninth (colored), and the Eighth Regiment, the Twelfth Regiment of Maine supplying the flag that wa§ speedily elevated over the dome of the Capitol of Virginia. So promptly had our forces entered the city, that the rear guard of the enemy passed up Main Street just ahead of our advance. One of the Connecticut Chaplains (De For- rest of the Eleventh Regiment), wrote : — CLOSE OF THE WAR. — FALL OF RICHMOND. 297 " Our reception was grander and more exultant than even Ro- man Emperor leading back his victorious legions with the spoils of conquest could ever know. The slaves seemed to think that the day of Jubilee had fully come. How they danced, shouted, waved their rag-banners, shook our hands, bowed, scraped, laughed all over, and thanked God for our coming." In nondescript ways they sought to tell to the entering troops their joy. " I was jus' so happy wen I knowed it," said one, " dat I couldn't do nuffin', but jus' lay right down and larf. I could jus' roll up an' larf. I declare I felt jus' as happy as a man's got religion in his soul." " Some folks says a man carn't 'tote a bar'l flour," added with quaint humor another ; " but I could 'tote a bar'l flour dat day, — or a bar'l sugar." " I seed a rebel gwine down de street dat mawnin' " said another with a chuckling laugh, and swelling with a sort of prideful appreciation of his freedom, " wid a big haam ; an' I just took dat haam from him, an' run right down de street, an' he holler to me to stop ; but I jus' keep dat haam." Already the news of the fall of Richmond had been flashed across the loyal States, and confirmatory telegrams from President Lincoln, then at City Point, and from Mr. Stanton, Secretary of War, at Washington, D. C, gave to the rejoicing people the assurance that the Rebellion was finally crushed. The stronghold of the Confederates was at last taken by the army that, often defeated, had with rare patience and heroism held on to its purpose, until triumphant. The de- fense of Richmond required four years of fighting, and in all seven hundred thousand men before it was captured. " Up-hoist the Union pennon — uplift the Union Jack, — Up-raise the Union standard, — keep not a banner back ! Fling out in silk or bunting, the Ensign of the Stars ! God grant it never more may know accursed intestine jars ! 298 THE NORWICH MEMORIAL. " Hurrali for skill ! Hurrah for will ! Hurrah for dauntless hearts ! Mourn those who bled, praise those who led against insidious arts ! A cheer for those who lived it out ; a tear for those who died ; Richmond is ours ! we thank the Lord with heartfelt chastening pride !" At once all public offices were closed and business suspended by the excited populace, who hailed with the most enthusiastic demonstrations of joy and thankfulness the glad tidings of the hour. The national triumph, so patiently waited for, so unselfishly fought for by brave men, thousands of whom had died without the sight, so intensely longed for by the millions who had endured the wearying heart-sickness of hope deferred, had at last come. In all the large towns impromptu gatherings of the citizens filled the streets and largest halls, and listened with strain- ing eyes, and with praising hearts to dispatches and ad- dresses. Chiming bells, and saluting cannon, were made to join in the popular expression of gratitude and exultation, accompanying with their wild music the " Te Deum " of the nation. In New York the citizens hardly knew how to express their joy at the great news. Staid merchants were seen embracing each other, the national flag was universally dis- played, and salutes were heard reverberating through the city and its outskirts. In front of the Custom House some ten thousand people assembled, where congratulations were exchanged, speeches by prominent men were made, and the proceedings closed, amidst the intensest enthusiasm, by singing " Old Hundred." Everywhere throughout the land did the fever of excitement run, and the mass-meetings and celebrations were of the most impressive character. In Norwich the news created as profound a sensation as in other places. It was the day of the State election, and the returns, as they came in, seemed to indicate that the people were rolling up Union majorities, as one way of eel- CLOSE OF THE WAR. — FALL OF RICHMOND. 299 ebrating the grandest event of these years of war. The Stars and Stripes were once more given to the breeze from every staff, and store, and dwelling, and a salute of one hun- dred guns was fired from a six-pounder drawn up from Trolan's boiler works by a four-horse team, which was driven by a freedman, bearing the American flag. Breed Hall was crowded in the evening by the citizens, Mr. Amos W. Prentice presiding, where patriotic addresses were made by Hon. J. T. Wait, Senator Foster, and Con- necticut's honored " War Governor," on that day for the eighth time elected to the position he had filled with such noble fidelity ; by Hon. H. H. Starkweather, and others. The meeting, with much fervor, joined in singing *' Praise God from whom all blessings flow," and for a parting song, " America," and then with reverent hearts the great assem- bly hushed into quietude while a prayer of thanksgiving was offered to the Almighty Father, who, after long years of discipline, had disappointed not the expectation of the people. In the evening the city was encinctured with blazing bonfires, around which gathered exultant boys and youth, by whom the joy of this signal day was shared. The Common Council, at its special meeting Tuesday night, unanimously adopted a series of resolutions " on the late great victories to our arms," introduced by Mr. Devotion, city clerk, and member with his Honor, Mayor Greene, and Mr. Whittemore, of the committee appointed to prepare them : — Resolved. That we regard the great events of the past few days, resulting in the capture of Richmond and Petersburg, as the crowning success and virtual closing of the war. Resolved, That in this hour of triumph our first chief duty is reverently, humbly, and with overflowing hearts to thank the 300 THE NORWICH MEMORIAL. great God, who has guided us through this struggle, who has given us the victory, and saved our country. Resolved, That we sincerely pray God, in this hour of success, that our hearts may be free from malice and revenge ; that we may be imbued with the principles of justice and charity, and act for the advancement and glory of His name, and the happiness, peace and good will of ourselves and mankind. Resolved, That our heartfelt thanks are due to the great leaders and brave men, who by sea and land have taken their lives in their hands, an 1 through four weary years defended our country against the assaults of her foes, and trodden them down. May the lives they have given prove the bond of undying peace and union. Resolved, That we recognize with pride the great debt we owe those who have been maimed and crippled in defense of our country, and will joyfully do what we may to assauge their suffer- ing and show our gratitude. Resolved, That we truly sympathize with those who are mourn- ing for their dead, and tenderly remind them that their loved ones, though dead, shall always live in the cherished remembrance of a grateful country. Resolved, That we fervently pray that the eyes of the South may be opened to the utter hopelessness for her in further con- test ; that her entire submission to the laws and government of the United States may soon close the war ; and that those who are wearily waiting for the war to cease, hoping with trembling hearts for the return of their friends, may soon be permitted to welcome their dear ones home, and lay aside their care. Resolved, That we do recognize this war as a blessing to us, to our children and to mankind, inasmuch as it has forever removed the curse of slavery, which, like the upas tree was spreading its poison in every direction, demoralizing all classes of society, hardening our hearts, blunting our sense of justice, degrading our manhood, and which bid fair to extinguish the light of our free institutions, and make us a nation of oppressors and op- pressed, and though we have paid much blood, and wounds, and ^o^ Cnz^y^ CLOSE OF THE WAR. — FALL OF RICHMOND. 301 tears, and suffering, yet we have gained a boon far exceeding its cost, whose value cannot be estimated, and we do fervently thank God that the curse is removed and that we can be a free people. Resolved, That the splendid tenacity of the people, their cour- age under defeat and disaster, their valor in the field and on the sea, their unflinching endurance under suffering, their free- hearted and generous care of their army and navy, their illimit- able resources and their intelligent use of them, their humanity to their prisoners, their unwavering confidence of success, and their sublime trust in God and their cause, have shed a lustre upon our land which shall glow through the ages, and make us proudly rejoice in our country and our birthright. This great and universal joy reached its culmination six days later, April ninth, when the news of General Lee's sur- render to General Grant, at " Appomattox Court House," was received. The tidings of the final ending of the rebel- lion in the defeat and capture of its last army, reached Nor- wich late Sunday night, April ninth. As Monday morning dawned, the bells of all the city churches pealed for an hour, and gave, doubtless, the first intimation to most of the citizens of the glorious news. The long yearned for time had come when " They shall beat their swords into ploughshares, and their spears into pruning hooks." Again the city broke forth into every expression of joy, and in all directions the national colors were seen, while the stores tastefully decorated their show windows, and the holiday attire of the town but mirrored forth the gladness of all hearts. At Breed Hall, an immense gathering was convened at noon. The hall had been appropriately draped with flags ; one at the rear of the stage bore the inscription which was the watchword of the day, and the occasion of the celebra- tion, — "Victory!" ?02 THE NORWICH MEMORIAL. The meeting was called to order by Mr. Ebenezer Lear- ned, who named for chairman " the man whom all knew," Governor Buckingham. The latter, on coming forward, spoke briefly, " adverting to the fact, that almost exactly four years ago to-day, a company of men assembled at Apollo Hall, on the reception of the thrilling news that the power of the United States had been overborne at Fort Sumter." He spoke " of the clinched fist, the compressed lip, that then indicated the purpose of a free people to right the wrong thus suffered. From that day onward a like feeling has been manifested throughout the country ; and now, after many a brother, and many a son, had been laid in his blood on Southern soil, that army which was the chief power of the rebellion has been taken captive. Surely, then, to-day we are assembled on a far different occasion. The army of Northern Virginia has given its parole of honor to be obedient to the laws of the United States. But this is an hour not so much for speech, as for the manifes- tation of feeling in songs of joy. This is an hour to sing praises to Him who hath given and is giving to us the vic- tory." Rev. John V. Lewis then read the Psalm, " O sing unto the Lord a new song," after which Rev. Samuel Graves led in prayjsr, when the vast audience united in singing "All hail the power of Jesus' name," to the tune of " Coronation.'' The Chairman then introduced Rev. J. P. Gulliver, who spoke as follows : — " Last Sunday, a week ago, the evacuation of Richmond ; yesterday the surrender of Lee's army ; next Sabbath the anni- versary of the memorable Sumter Sunday. Then, all was indig- nation and consternation ; to-day, all is confidence, exultation, victory. There are some events whose greatness we are unable to compass in thought, or express in words. This is one of them. We hardly know what to say, because we know not how to feel. CLOSE OF THE WAR. — FALL OF RICHMOND. 303 As at the first view of the Falls of Niagara our conception is at fault, so with the great event we celebrate to-day, — the future alone can discern its full significance. These three Sundays of April will be connected in history. They reach far onward into the future, and far back into the past. We must gradually rise to the conception of the mighty events that have just transpired. Our first thought on hearing the news was of the feelings of our brave boys in the Army of the Potomac, those who followed Mc- Clellan, Burnside, Hooker ; our second, of the joy of the fathers and mothers of those soldiers ; then the joy of the emancipated race looking forward to the liberty of doing the best they know how, of standing up as men : then, of the feelings of the aristo- crats of Europe. Rather even than look upon our soldiers in the Army of the Potomac in the flush of victory, we would be in the English House of Parliament when the news of the surrender of Lee's army first reaches there. There was a lesson to he learned from this struggle by men in politics and of business. From this hour let us be a God-fearing nation, in our Senate houses and in our Executive mansions. Then will the Republic rise and grow, magnificent in outline, and beautiful in proportions." " Victory at last," was then sung, the solo by H. V. Ed- mond, the choir and audience joining in the chorus. Hon. L. F. S. Foster was next introduced. He com- menced by saying : — " It is difficult to give utterance to feelings on such an occasion. The natural language of the heart at such a time was — Thank God ! Thank God ! What a sublime spectacle. From the At- lantic to the Pacific there is the ringing of bells and the glad shouts of the people. The Nation is delivered, and never before in the history of the world was there such manifestation of joy. The shore of the Pacific at this hour joins in celebration with the States along the Lakes, upon the Gulf, and in the valley of the Mississippi. Not a single individual lives throughout our whole land who does not hear to-day the roar of cannon. When before was there an event so mighty ? The lessons, moral, polit- 304 THE NORWICH MEMORIAL. ical, and religious to be learned from it are too vast for our com- prehension. We are overpowered by the magnitude of the occur- rence. The human mind is not great enough to compass it. " As one practical lesson to be learned, we should see to it that the soldiers who have gone forth be remembered. In noway can we better show our gratitude to God than by opening our hands liberally to them, or to their widows, or to their orphans. Let us not flatter ourselves that this is charity. It is not. It is paying a debt. We are to pay it as we would a debt too vast to be discharged at once." The speaker briefly alluded to our triumph as a triumph of the rights of man, and said that its effect in Europe would be immediate and great. Governor Buckingham then spoke of John Brown's in- vasion of Virginia, the excitement that ensued throughout that Commonwealth on its occurrence, and the resulting decree that his name should not be even uttered in that State, on penalty of expulsion from it. He then mentioned the fact that only a few days since the Twenty-ninth Regi- ment (colored) marched into its capital to the music of the drum and fife, singing "John Brown's soul goes march- ing on." The John Brown song was then sung by Mr. Edmond, the choir and audience joining in the chorus with an unc- tion that the regiment might doubtless have profitably emulated. Rev. Mr. Dana spoke next, and was followed by Hon John T. Wait, Rev. B. F. Clark, Ebenezer Learned, and Colonel H. B. Crosby, of the Twenty-first Regiment. Amid these addresses were interspersed the following songs : " Johnny comes marching home," solo by J. N. Crandall. " The Battle-cry of Freedom," solo by Geo. H. Martin. The audience then united with Rev. Mr. Lewis in the Lord's Prayer, who also pronounced the benediction. CLOSE OF THE WAR. — FALL OF RICHMOND. 305 Thus ended Norwich's Jubilee meeting. Thanksgiving and praise, rather than loud exultation, characterized this last grand rally of the citizens for purposes connected with the now gloriously ended war. In the afternoon there was a procession, under the mar- shalship of Colonel David Young, consisting of the Infantry Company of State Militia, under Captain Parlin ; the Free Academy Cadets, Captain Gilbert ; and the Fire Depart- ment, under Chief Engineer Andrews. The engines were gaily decorated with flags, and along the route repeated salutes were fired. In the evening the general illumination of stores and private dwellings gave to the city a brilliant appearance. It was a memorable day, fittingly honored for the great event with which, in our country's annals, it will ever be associated. " O beautiful ! my country ! ours once more ! Smoothing thy gold of war-disheveled hair O'er such sweet brows as never other wore, And letting thy set lips Freed from wrath's pale eclipse. The rosy edges of their smile lay bare. What words divine of lover or of poet Could tell our love and make thee know it, Among the nations bright beyond compare ? What were our lives without thee .'' What all our lives to save thee .' We reck not what we gave thee ; We will not dare to doubt thee, But ask whatever else, and we will dare ! " The General Assembly, a little later, put on record this public acknowledgment of the glorious issue of the long struggle, and the Commonwealth's indebtedness to the heroes, living and dead, whose valor contributed to the grand result : — " Resolved, That the heartfelt thanks and lasting gratitude of 306 THE NORWICH MEMORIAL. the people of this State are due and are hereby tendered to all Connecticut officers and soldiers, of every rank and grade^ who in the war of the Rebellion have gallantly borne the flag, and nobly sustained the honor of our State ; and who, by long years of faithful service, and on many a hard fought field, have aided in preserving to us our institutions, and in demonstrating to the world that no government is so strong as that which rests in the will of a free and enlightened people, and that no armies are so invincible as citizen-soldiers battling for their own liberties and the rights of man. " That this State will ever gratefully cherish and honor the memories of those victims of the war and rebel barbarities, who went forth from us for our defense, but who come not back to participate in the blessings of that peace which, through their efforts and sacrifices a just God has vouchsafed to us." His Excellency the Governor gave ptiblicity to these, in the following proclamation : — " Therefore I, William A. Buckingham, Governor of the State of Connecticut, in order to effect the object designed by the Gen- eral Assembly, hereby issue this proclamation, and call upon the citizens of this Commonwealth to manifest by expressions of gratitude, and by acts of kindness, both to the living and to the families of the honored dead, their high appreciation of the sac- rifices made by each of the fifty-three thousand three hundred and thirty men, who from this State have entered the military service of the Nation during our recent struggle with rebellion, and to impress upon their children and their children's children the duty of holding such patriotic services in honor and per- petual remembrance, and thus prove the enduring gratitude of the Republic." This great gladness was soon tinged with an unex- pected and universal sorrow. Hardly had the pean of the people died away, and the sounds of rejoicing with which the land were filled quieted down, ere the mournful news came of the death of President Lincoln by the hand of an CLOSE OF THE WAR. — FALL OF RICHMOND. 307 assassin. He had returned from City Point to Washing- ton on the evening of April ninth. From this time until the fourteenth were memorable days, filled up with a suc- cession of events, which marked the complete overthrow of the rebellion. The joy of the people continued to manifest itself, as the magnitude of the late occurrences came to be more fully appreciated Before Mr. Lincoln the sable clouds of war were rolling away, and as he entered, amid such glorious successes, upon his second term in office, were rising four years of sunny peace, with their rich har- vest of results, flowing from the laborious and faithful ser- vice he had, amidst unprecedented trials, rendered. At a cabinet meeting, between the hours of eleven and twelve o'clock, where he met General Grant and heard his final report, he bore himself with a hopeful, joyous spirit. In che afternoon, when driving out with Mrs. Lincoln, he had remarked, " We have had a hard time together since we came to Washington, but now the war is over, and with God's blessing upon us, we may hope for four years of hap- piness, and then we will go back to Illinois, and pass the remainder of our lives in peace." The shadow of the swift approaching tragedy had not fallen upon him, and all un- suspicious, " with malice towards none, with charity for all," he went in the evening, as had previously been announced, to Ford's Theatre. The assassin deftly entering the box in which the President and his party were seated, accomplished his fatal purpose, and by a single shot murdered the Na- tion's honored Magistrate. Mr. Lincoln lingered through the night, though without returning consciousness, and died on the morning of April 15, 1865. The terrible tidings of his death was at once borne by telegraph to every part of the Republic. From joy and exultation the Nation was in an instant turned to weeping and lamentation. Business was suspended, gloom and 5o8 THE NORWICH MEMORIAL.' sadness sat upon every face. Strong men wept, and the waving flags, which were still floating in triumph from every spire and masthead, were lowered, and the people commenced to drape their dwellings, and put on the garb of mourning. " He lived to see the Republic's success, and to feel his veins swelling with that rich joy which swept like a current of quickening life throughout the land, and then died a martyr to the cause he had championed, sealing his service with his life, leaving the Nation which he had rescued in the wildest grief ; throwing the shadow of a strange sorrow over lands which he had never seen, and seeking the rest denied him here in the presence of Him who had raised him up." Our citizens were appalled by the dread intelligence, and speechless and sad, mused upon the event that had no par- allel in our history. All cherished feelings of honor and affection for the martyred President, and but one sentiment pervaded the hearts of the loyal masses. The city itself was filled with gloom, and the long, grief-ful day will not soon be forgotten. Hon. L. F. S. Foster, who was now President of the Senate, Governor Buckingham, and others of our leading men, started for Washington, to be of such service as might be possible in this unlooked-for emer- gency, and also to represent the State at the funeral solemnities in the Capital. On Sunday, April sixteenth, all the churches in town were dressed in mourning, and discourses appropriate to the sad occurrence were preached. It was Easter Sabbath, and the white festal flowers with which the pulpits and altars in many of the sanctuaries were adorned, stood out in their sweet symbolism against the draperies which memorialized the Nation's departed chief Large congregations and the marked solemnity of the usually joyous services of this CLOSE OF THE WAR. — FALL OF RICHMOND. 309 festival Sabbath, showed how profoundly the hearts of our citizens shared in the universal grief As indicating what the voice of the Norwich pulpit on the grievous event was, we give here the following very brief abstracts of the sermons preached : — At Trinity Church Rev. John V. Lewis took for his text Psalm Iviii. 10: "The righteous shall rejoice when he seeth the vengeance ; he shall wash his feet in the blood of the wicked." The preacher began with an acknowledg- ment that he had an unusual text for an Easter sermon. It was not the text he had chosen, but God himself had chosen it and preached a sermon to the nation. And when he heard that text announced yesterday morning, he thanked God that the Gospel had a strong side, a sternly retributive side ; that it was a Gospel of vengeance upon the evil-doer, no less than of peace to the righteous. He thanked God that the risen Lord rose a conqueror as well as a saviour, to put all enemies under his feet. He thanked God for the Psalms of David, with their religious intoler- ance of the workers of iniquity, and for the Revelation of St. John, which truly shows us there is such a thing as " the wrath of the Lamb." The resurrection of Christ pro- claimed undying war upon every form of evil. The risen Lord is irresistible. He will make no unholy compromise with sin : offering pardon to the misguided and repentant, he offers only vengeance to the obstinate rebel. The re- mainder of the discourse was an exposition of the necessity of executing vengeance legally and by lawfully constituted authority. The great Easter of the Resurrection will re- dress all grievances. Rev. Mr. Graves, in the Central Baptist Church, spoke as follows : — " I cannot proceed further with these services without alluding to the event which crowds all other thoughts from our minds, 3IO THE NORWICH MEMORIAL. which has draped our sanctuaries, and filled the hearts of the na- tion with sadness. Abraham Lincoln is dead. The people's President. The man whom God had raised up to guide this nation through its great life struggle. Dead by the hand of an assassin. Murdered in the Capital by the spirit of secession, which for four years has been deluging our land in blood. It is a tragedy without parallel in the world's history, since the assas- sination of Julius Caesar in the Roman Forum, and a crime sur- passed only by the crucifixion. God, ' who maketh the wrath of man to praise him,' has suffered this for some end, wise in his inscrutable providence. Perhaps it is to teach us in this most critical juncture of national affairs the utter folly of trusting in man, however tried and trusty that man may be, and to make God our refuge, who is a very present help in time of trouble. Perhaps because he saw that the executive administration, in the hands of this kind, this tender-hearted man, would not mete out to treason the justice which is its due, and which He, as the God of justice means it shall have at the hands of a sterner man. His work is done, and well done. He lived to see the spirit of rebellion broken, and the glad dawn of peace. Abra- ham Lincoln is saved to history, and to-day he takes his place among the great and good of all times. Let us bow with rever- ence and submission, even in the depth of our grief, to the will of God." In the Universalist Church, Rev. Mr. Ambler announced as his text Job v. 8 : " Affliction cometh not forth of the dust." " Our hearts are all clothed with the drapery of sadness. The circumstances attending the death of our President were such as to render the shock to us more than ordinarily terrible. If his frame had been wasted by disease, if he had been taken from us by some gradual and invisible process, we might have bowed more easily to the Providential decree. But that he, a leader of the people, the President, not of a party but of a nation, a friend no less to the South than to the North, whose sole desire CLOSE OF THE WAR. — FALL OF RICHMOND. 311 was to promote the common good, and whose official labors have been honestly and wisely designed to secure the best inter- ests of this Republic — that he should have been coolly assas- sinated in the very Capital of the nation, with no provocation except that which may be supposed to be in the venom of rebel- lion — is a circumstance which has no precedent in history, and which may call forth not only the lamentations of the American people, but the universal execration of mankind. It is not now a proper time to say much about the punishment which ought to follow an act like this, though some punishment, severe and signal will, in the course of justice, be visited not only on the actual perpetrators of the deed, but on the no less guilty instiga- tors of it. At present we can think of little else save our loss. The hand which guided the Ship of State in its peril, till we could see the haven of peace, is powerless ; the wise counsels, tempered always by humane feeling, will no more shed their light upon us, but as records of the past ; the cheerful spirit which kept up the courage of the people, and which for their sake never allowed itself to be entirely overcome, even in the dark- est period, will now smile upon us only from the heavens, where we shall turn for consolation in our bereavement. Let us find it in the providential care and government of God. The proc- lamation of liberty has been sealed with blood. Henceforth let it be sacred in the eyes of the American people, and may He who inspired the martyr's soul on earth help us to guard aright those principles of justice and freedom which have been left to us as our legacy." In the Broadway Church, Rev. Mr. Gtilliver took for his text Psalms xlvi. 10 : "Be still and know that I am God. I will be exalted among the heathen ; I will be exalted in the earth." The preacher remarked : — " That he would be glad to obey the first injunction of the text literally. It was a task any man might well shrink from, to give expression to the feelings of horror, indignation, and grief, that fire all our hearts. But the second injunction, contained in the 312 THE NORWICH MEMORIAL. latter part of the text, is one tliat can be more easily complied with. We may be still, so far as any attempt to give an adequate utterance to our emotions is concerned, but we are bound to see God in what has occurred, and to know what He is designing to teach us. The first point of instruction is, that God is an abso- lute sovereign. He asks counsel of no man! He doeth all his own will. No man can say unto Him, 'What doest thou ? ' Men would not have selected Abraham Lincoln to be President of the United States, if it could have been known that he would be called to pass through such an ordeal. But the history of the past four years shows that he was precisely the man to do a great work of philanthrophy, and to lead a nation divided in sentiment and interest, wild with alarm and doubtful of the future, to unanimity of opinion and action. But the same sovereign God who put Abraham Lincoln into the seat of power has taken him out of it. He has not consulted us. We mourn and we wonder. But God has done it. Perhaps there was a radical defect in Mr. Lincoln's character, which unfitted him for the closing up of the war. He lacked the early religious instruction which would have given him very different views of law and penalty, and the rela- tion of mercy and justice, and the necessity for the general good of individual retributive suffering. "Just at this point a new man is brought forward, certainly not the man we should have selected. This too, is God's work. And at the end of four years we may rejoice as much in the elevation of Andrew Johnson, as we now do in that of Abraham Lincoln. He certainly has had a peculiar experience of the rebels, and of his own frailties. Let him have a generous support, and be re- ceived as the Lord's anointed, appointed by Him to this high position. " These events also teach us that God purposes all, even the most minute events, and even the wicked acts of wicked men. They show also why God hates, and so severely punishes slavery, whose spirit and character reached a culmination and fit expres- sion in this assassination. Finally, they show each one of us the plague of our own hearts. The selfishness of slavery is essen- CLOSE OF THE WAR. — FALL OF RICHiMOND. 313 tially the same as all other selfishness. Every rebel against God is lifting his hand against the Government of the universe, as did John Wilkes Booth against the President of the United States. The horror we feel to-day at that crime is but a reflection of the horror which angels feel at the assaults we are making upon God's Government. And let us remember we are dealing with one who never confounds mercy and justice, and " will by no means clear the guilty." Wednesday, April nineteenth, the day of the funeral, was one of general mourning throughout the land. The services at the White House, held in the East Room, were simple and impressive, and attended by a large concourse of the dignitaries in the Capital, P'oreign Ministers, Judges, Congressmen and Citizens. The remains of the President were then conveyed to the Capitol and placed in the ro- tunda, beneath the statue of Liberty, and guarded by sad and weeping soldiers. In Norwich the bells were tolled during the day, guns fired every half-hour, while the National colors were dis- played at half-mast, and trimmed with black. Business was suspended, while in the windows and doorways of almost every building were the trappings of woe to be seen. Tasteful devices, expressive of the popular sorrow, lent variety and impressiveness to the city's unaffected grief. In m^ny of the churches public religious services were held, attended by large and serious congregations. His Honor, Mayor Greene, issued through the morning papers the following deep feeling appeal to the citizens of Nor- wich : — " Fellow Citizens : To-day the Nation stands with sad heart and uncovered head around the grave of one it dearly loved. To-day noon, our beloved friend and President is buried. His death is the most dastardly murder that ever occurred in the 314 THE NORWICH MEMORIAL. tide of time. Let all places of business be closed from eleven a. M. to three o'clock p. m. Let every one attend his respective place of worship, and participate in the solemn duties of the hour, and while bowing submissive to the hand of God, let every one swear in his heart, eternal, undying hate of slavery, — the damned insti- tution that has sowed the South with treason, — has drenched our land with blood, — has maimed and crippled thousands of heroes, — has extinguished the light of joy in thousands of hearts? and has now consummated its wickedness by murdering one of the noblest, wisest, and best of men, Abraham Lincoln, our cherished Friend and President. "Jas. Lloyd Greene, Mayor.'" The funeral procession which on Friday, the twenty-first, started from the Executive Mansion, was one never before paralleled. Moving solemnly through city and country, the cortege swelling in numbers, held on its sorrow-traced course, till the martyred dead was borne back to a quiet resting-place amid the scenes and friends of earlier days. Halting in the great cities, the grief-smitten citizens crowded round the bier, and looked for the last time on the sad weary face of him who had held and guarded the people's imperial trust, " So he grew up, a destined work to do, And lived to do it ; four long suffering years Ill-fate, ill-feeling, ill-report, lived through, , And then he heard the hisses change to cheers, " The taunts to tributes, the abuse to praise, And took both with the same unwavering mood, Till as he came on light, from darkling days. And seemed to touch the goal from where he stood." The funeral train reached the Capital of Illinois, May third, and the body was placed under the rotunda of the Court House. The latter was decorated with flowers. Over CLOSE OF THE WAR. — FALL OF RICHMOND. 315 its north door was the motto, " TJie altar of freedom has borne 110 nobler sacrifice;''' over the south door, ''Illinois clasps to her bosoni her slain, but glorified sonT The last words of the funeral oration, by Bishop Simpson, were as follows : — '' Chieftain ! farewell ! The Nation mourns thee. Mothers shall teach thy name to their lisping children. The youth of our land shall emulate thy virtues. Statesmen shall study thy record and learn lessons of wisdom. Mute though thy lips be, yet they still speak. Hushed is thy voice, but its echoes of liberty are ringing through the world, and the sons of bondage listen to it with joy. Prisoned thou art in death, and yet thou art marching abroad, and chains and manacles are bursting at thy touch. Thou didst fall not for thyself The assassin had no hate for thee. Our hearts were aimed at, our National life was sought. We crown thee as our martyr, and humanity enthrones thee as her triumphant son. Hero, martyr, friend, farewell ! " Thus with joy shaded down with profoundest sorrow, the Nation accepted its costly, but sacred triumph, rejoicing over the rebellion crushed ; sorrowing over the grave of him who consecrated himself to so grand a work, and sealed it when finished, with his own life's blood. XV. MISCELLANEOUS. TOWN ACTION. — COST OF THE WAR. The amount of indebtedness of the town of Norwich September i, 1861, was one hundred and seven thousand three hundred and seventy dollars (^107,370). On the first of September, 1865, the debt had risen to one hun- dred and eighty thousand three hundred and three dollars ($180,303), showing an increase in the four years of sev- enty-two thousand nine hundred and thirty-three dollars ($72,933). During the war the town disbursed for directly war purposes one hundred and sixty-four thousand one hundred and seventy-eight dollars and sixty-eight cents {$164,178.68), and at its close its distinctive war debt was in the form of loans amounting to eighty four thousand and ninety-six dollars ($84,096.00). The town action in the frequent meetings held during the progress of our civil conflict, to devise means for pro- moting enlistments and filling up the quotas, under the various calls of the President for volunteers, was remark- ably unanimous. Very little, if any, opposition was made to the liberal appropriations voted for war purposes. There was not only great unanimity of spirit, but the utmost energy and promptitude of action, so that the town was kept in advance of the calls made upon it for men. Its contributions to the national armies were of its most worthy and promising citizens, and nobly did the latter maintain the £nri 3- -| lie. I'T York LIEUT. COL 26T--H C0"NIT,V0L3 MISCELLANEOUS. 317 reputation of Norwich for patriotic devotion to the coun- try's weal. The first action of the town in reference to war matters was on July 16, 1862, when, after a spirited meeting, the following votes were passed : — Vo/ed, That a bounty of thirteen dollars be paid from the town's treasury of the town of Norwich to every man who shall, on or before the twentieth of August, 1862, enlist into any company enlisted in the town of Norwich, The same to be paid when he is mustered into the service of the United States. Fo^ed, That the same bounty of thirteen dollars be paid to those who have already enlisted into companies now enlisting in the town of Norwich. Fo/ed, That the sum of eight thousand dollars be, and the same is, hereby appropriated from the town treasury for the pur- pose of paying said bounty, and such necessary expenses of re- cruiting, as are not provided for by the General and State Gov- ernment, and for the purpose of aiding and encouraging, in any proper way, the enlistment of volunteers. Fofed, That the Selectmen of the town of Norwich be and are hereby instructed to raise, by loan or otherwise, and to place at the disposal of the Committee, consisting of James Lloyd Greene, AmosW. Prentice, William M. Converse, Lorenzo Black- stone, N. C. Brackenridge, and F. M. Hale, from time to time, such sums of money as said Committee shall desire, not exceed- ing the sum of eight thousand dollars, to be by said Committee expended according to their judgment in carrying into effect the preceding vote, and said Committee are authorized to pay said bounty of thirteen dollars for enlistments after said twen- tieth day of August, if, in their discretion, it is deemed desirable to do so. These measures were carried by a unanimous vote. On the fourth of August, 1862, in accordance with the warning of the Selectmen, a town meeting was held in the Town Hall. The attendance was very large, and the proceedings 21 3l8 THE NORWICH MEMORIAL. of the meeting were marked with great enthusiasm. Amos W. Prentice was called to preside, when it was — Voted, That a bounty of thirty-seven dollars, in addition to the bounty heretofore voted by the town of Norwich, be paid from the town treasury to every resident of the town who has enlisted, or who shall, on or before the twentieth day of August, enlist into any company raised in the town of Norwich, under the recent call of the Government, and said bounty shall be payable when he is mustered into the service of the United States. And the same shall also be paid to every resident of the town of Norwich who has been enlisted by Captain William H. Tubbs and James B. Coit, for the Fourteenth Regiment. Voted, That the Selectmen be authorized and directed to raise, by loan or otherwise, a sum not exceeding twenty thousand dol- lars, or so much of the same as may be necessary to pay the bounties provided for in the previous vote, and to pay such ex- penses of recruiting as are not provided for by the State or Gen- eral Government. On the thirtieth of the same month (August, 1862), when the call for three hundred thousand nine months' troops was made, the town, in regular meeting convened — Voted, That a bounty of one hundred dollars be paid to any resident of the town who has volunteered, or who shall volunteer, in any regiment of militia of this State, and who shall be ac- cepted into the service of the United States, under the recent call of the President for three hundred thousand nine months' men. The Selectmen were further instructed to raise a sum not exceeding twenty-two thousand dollars, to be placed at the disposal of the " War Committee " for the purpose of pay- ing the first voted bounty, and defraying the general ex- penses incident to recruiting. This meeting was one of the most spirited held during the war, and after it resolved it- self into a Committee of the Whole to obtain volunteers, as MISCELLANEOUS. 3 I9 elsewhere described, rose to the very highest pitch of en- thusiasm. In January, 1863, the debt of the town, incurred for" war expenses " was reported to be over forty thousand dollars, and it was voted to provide for this by the issue of town bonds, authorized by the action of the Legislature, at the December session, in 1862. These bonds bore interest at the rate of six per cent., the attached coupons being paya- ble semi-annually. On May 29, 1863, and by virtue of more recent legisla- tive provision, the town voted to repeat this action, funding in the same way its increasing debt. The issue was lim- ited, by vote, to sixty thousand dollars, and the bonds were made payable at the expiration of twenty years' time. It should, however, be stated that this new issue of town bonds was to provide for the general indebtedness of town, and not for exclusively war expenditures. On Wednesday, August 5, 1863, a town meeting was regularly warned, " to take action on the bounty ques- tion." There was a very large attendance, and the discus- sion showed a general interest to have those who were called into service under " the enrollment act " impartially provided for. The action taken was intended to meet any cases of distress that might occur in connection with the drafting of those who would leave their families in a depen- dent condition. The benevolence of the citizens, however, never permitted this to occur, and the town and State appropriations were always liberal enough to meet any exigency of this kind. Still, as showing the public inter- est in this matter. Judge Hovey presented the following resolution, which, after some debate, was passed with but one dissenting voice : — " Whereas, Four hundred and thirty-five persons residing in this town, have been recently drafted for military service in the ;20 THE NORWICH MEMORIAL. army of the United States, pursuant of the act of Congress, en- titled ' An act for enrolling and calling out the national forces, and for other purposes,' approved March 3, 1863 ; " A?id tvhereas, Nearly all the persons so drafted have been found to be exempt from military duty under said act, or have furnished substitutes to take their places in the draft, or paid the sum of money required by said act for the procuration of said substitutes ; '•'• And whereas, Fears are entertained that a further draft may be ordered, pursuant to the provisions of said act, and that thereby individuals and families may become chargeable to the town, and otherwise greatly distressed, unless adequate measures of relief are adopted by the town ; '■'•And whereas. Under the warning for this meeting, it is be- lieved that such measures cannot be legally adopted ; therefore, " Resolved, That in case a further draft from this town shall be ordered, pursuant to the said act of Congress, the Selectmen be and are hereby directed to convene, as soon as possible, a meeting of the town, for the purpose of adopting such measures for the relief of those who may be drafted, as the town shall deem adequate and proper." At a town meeting held January 26, 1864, Mr. George Pratt, stated that the quota of the town, numbering two hun- dred and six, had been filled by the Selectmen, at a cost to the town of twenty thousand nine hundred and fifty dollars and seventy-six cents ($20,950.76). After the quota was full, the Selectmen enlisted forty-three additional recruits, at a cost of two thousand one hundred and fifty dollars, with the assurance on the part of the " War Committee " that if the town did not pay this additional sum they would. A few men enlisted at Fort Trumbull would swell the num- ber of recruits from the town on the present quota to two hundred and sixty. The following vote was then passed : — " Voted^ That the Selectmen be authorized to draw on the MISCELLANEOUS. 321 town treasurer for a sufficient sum to reimburse the " War Committee " for actual expenses incurred by them in enlisting recruits over and above the number required to fill the quota of the town, such expenses being audited and approved by the Se- lectmen, the amount not to exceed two thousand one hundred and fifty dollars." After some discussion as to how this money had been tised, and whether it was paid to brokers or the men enlist- ing, it was shown that the latter in every instance received it, and that the cost of securing these extra recruits had not averaged over fifty dollars per man. Mr. Starkweather then offered the following vote : — " That the Selectmen of the town of Norwich be authorized to pay to each veteran who is a resident of this town, and who has reenlisted into the service of the United States, and shall count on the quota required of this town, the sum of one hundred dollars, and the Selectmen are authorized to draw orders on the treasurer." This developed some discussion, and sticklers for the legality of such a forehanded measure, which in after months proved of great relief to the town, when new calls for men were made, ventilated their views at some length, and then, with but one dissenting voice, the vote was passed. The wisdom of thus securing in advance recruits to count on future apportionments, under other calls likely to be issued, led to the passage of the next vote : — " That the Selectmen of the town of Norwich be authorized to obtain recruits to apply on the present or any other quota of the town of Norwich, provided the expenses to the town shall not exceed twenty-five dollars per man, and the Selectmen are hereby authorized to draw orders on the treasurer for that purpose." Again, under date of July 15, 1864, after the President's call for five hundred thousand troops made the town feel 322 THE NORWICH MEMORIAL. the need of prompt action to fill up its quota, it was now voted, with no dissenting voices — "That the Selectmen of the town of Norwich be and they hereby are authorized to pay to each resident of this town, who enlists or procures a substitute or recruit, who shall count on the quota of this town, under the recent call of the President, the sum of one hundred dollars, and to draw orders on the town treasurer to pay the same. The Selectmen were also authorized to employ persons to aid them in filling up the quota of the town." The bounty of one hundred dollars to veterans reenlist- ing and counting on this quota, was continued. At this period of the war the business of raising the men appor- tioned to the town devolved upon the Selectmen, and they, together with the most active and interested of our citi- zens, labored earnestly to secure recruits, and to keep the quota of the town full. And yet this was no easy task, for volunteering on the part of our citizens had perforce largely ceased, and good recruits were difficult to be procured. Still, their efforts were successful, and the town never failed to raise promptly its assignment of men. On December i, 1864, at a regularly convened town meeting, a new committee, consisting of Messrs. Samuel B. Case, Charles Crawley, John T. Brown, Henry B. Tracy, and William Peckham, was appointed to have in charge the moneys appropriated for bounties, and by vote, this committee was authorized — " To pay to any person of this town liable to a draft, who here- after may furnish an acceptable and lawful military substitute, under the laws of the United States, to be credited to the town, such sums of money, as to such shall seem necessary and proper, provided the number of such substitutes does not exceed the number required, in the judgment of the Committee, to fill the next quota. " Voted, That the Selectmen are authorized to borrow, from MISCELLANEOUS. 323 time to time, on the credit of tlie town, such sums of money as shall be approved by the Committee, not to exceed, in the whole, the sum of seventy-five thousand dollars." Under this liberal provision the quota of the town was again raised, and a surplus secured to apply on any future calls. At the close of the war Norwich was found to be in ad- vance of the number regularly assigned to her to be raised, and this highly creditable fact was due to the energetic action of the town officers, supported as they always were by the loyal cooperation of all the citizens. These town meetings were always well attended by our leading citizens, and though there were occasionally some sharp discussions, yet there were no war measures adopted by the town that did not receive a practically unanimous vote. It should be recorded to the honor of our citizens that, differing as they did in political views, yet, in the town assemblages to which they so often were summoned, they acted with great cor- diality, debated measures with earnestness, but uniform courtesy, and maintained the reputation of the town for loyalty to the Government, and liberality in providing for all war expenses. TABLE OF DEBT. United States Debt. Connecticut Debt. Norwich Town Debt. July I, i860 §64,769,703 08 Mar. 31, i860 §34,142 04* Sept. I, i860 §113,582 28 1861 90,867,828 68 1S61 7,709 50* " 1861 107,370 05 1862 514,211,371 92 " 1862 2,030,000 00 " 1862 124,270 52 1863 1,098,793. i8i 37 1863 3,392,300 00 1S63 •35,387 75 1864 1,740,690,489 49 " 1864 7,249,660 00 Sept. 15, 1864 169,918 95 1865 2,783 425,879 21 " 1S65 10,523,113 74 " 1865 180,303 71 After deducting the amount in the Treasury. 324 THE NORWICH MEMORIAL. TOWN EXPENSES FOR WAR PURPOSES. Amount paid to Volunteers or Substitutes .... $139,149 68 Amount paid families of Volunteers, additional to State allow- ance ..........". 15,000 GO All other War Expenses 9,021 00 Total expenses for War purposes .'.... 163,170 68 Estimated amount paid for Bounties to Volunteers and Sub- stitutes 19,600 00 Estimated amount paid by individuals for Commutation . . 5i700 00 Present indebtedness of Town for War purposes . . . 84,096 00 Grand List of the Town $10,494,035 00 STATE EXPENSES FOR WAR PURPOSES. Expended for Bounties $5,195,877 80 Estimated amounts paid by individuals for Bounties, Volun- teers, or Substitutes ....... 1,134,762 80 Estimated amount paid by individuals for Commutation . 292,940 00 Amount paid families of Volunteers ..... 2,413,33848 Grand list for i864 276,086,457 00 Estimate of the number of men to whom the United States Bounty has been paid, the amount paid each man, and the total amount paid from May 3, 1 86 1, to the end of the IVar. Taken from final report of the Provost-mar- shal General of U. S., fames B. Fry. Period embraced. Class of Men. Term of Service. Number of men. Amount per man. Total Amount p'd. Aggregate for each Period. Mav 3, 1861, to Oct. 17, 1863 .... Volunteers 3 yrs. 905,869 $100 190,586,900 $90,s86,goo Oct. 17, 1863,10 July 18, 1864 .... Veteran Vols. '* 158,507 400 63,402,800 1 Recruits . . u 257,0^8 11,025 300 100 77,108,400 1,102,500 1 July 18, 1864, to close J- 146,417,500 of War, .... Drafted Men and Substi- tutes . . 3 yrs. 48,038 100 4,803,800 Volunteers I yr. 191,936 100 19,193,600 " . . 2 vrs. 10,606 200 2,121,200 ' 63,219,100 '* 3 yrs. i3.),r,Si 300 41,904,300 Total .... 1,722,690 #300,223,500 #300,223,500 MISCELLANEOUS. 325 CHARITIES OF THE WAR. The data necessary for making out a tabular statement of these, are not of equal value in point of precision, in all de- partments of the inquiry. Only the charitable giving, which was public and in organized methods, can even be approxi- mately estimated. The reports of Colonel Lockwood L. Doty, Chief of the Bureau of Military Statistics for the State of New York, have been made the basis of estimating what was given in the form of benevolent contributions, while in other cases, such as the receipts of charitable agen- cies, their own returns afford the necessary information. Contributions of the Eastern and Atlantic States for the promotion of enlistments, and the relief of drafted men ...... $15,000,000 Contributions of the Western and Central States for the same purpose 13,000,000 $28,000,000 Total amount given in aid of the families of Volunteers, includ- ing what was contributed by societies, individuals, etc. . . $4,500,000 United States Sanitary Commission, organized, June, 1861, President, Rev. H. W. Bellows, D. D., of New York, cash received up to January i, 1865 3,471.000 Cash received from January i, 1865, to close of war . . 500,000 Value of supplies received 9,000,000 Total $12,971,000 Received by branches of this Commission, which had an inde- pendent treasury, and expended in part their own income . 1,000,000 Estimated amount, in money and supplies, sent to the Army be- fore the Commission was organized, and thereafter through independent Aid Societies 5,000,000 Collections of the Western Sanitary Commission, in money and stores, including proceeds of Mississippi Valley Fair . . 2,800,000 Receipts of the Illinois Commissioner-general, appointed to col- lect money and stores from the people of the State . . 500,000 Receipts of Iowa Sanitary Commission, up to the period of its incorporation with Sanitary, and Western Sanitary Commis- sions 175,000 326 THE NORWICH MEMORIAL. Collections of Indiana Sanitary Commission, in money and sup- plies, from 1861 to 1S65 ....;... $534,000 Collections of the Philadelphia Ladies' Aid, money and stores . 320,000 Collections of the Ladies' Union Aid Society of St. Louis, money and stores ......... 150,000 Collections of Ladies' Union Relief Association of Baltimore, money and stores ......... 60,000 Collections of four similar Societies in Baltimore . . . 30,000 Receipts of the New England Soldiers' Relief Association of New York — Money 40,000 Supplies ........ 200,000 Receipts of Soldiers' Rest, New York, and such portion of the State Soldiers' Depot, due to private bounty .... 25,000 Receipts of the Pennsylvania Relief Association of Philadelphia, Cash, $12,000 ; Supplies, $37,000 ; total .... 49,000 Receipts of the Rose Hill Ladies' Soldiers' Relief Association of New York, money and stores 25,000 Value of contributions, in money and stores, made casually by visitors to the 233 Government Hospitals established in dif- ferent parts of the country (estimate) ..... 2,225,000 United States Christian Commission, organized in November, 1861, George H. Stuart, of Philadelphia, President, received in cash and supplies ........ 4,530,000 Value of Tracts, Testaments, and general Religious Publications distributed in Army and Navy, by the Tract, and Bible, and other kindred Societies ........ 300,000 Value of Railroad, Express, and Telegraph facilities given to Commissions, Societies, etc., exclusive of those reported by latter 1,300,000 Collections of New England Freedmen's Aid Society, money and stores .......... i26,oco Collections of National Freedmen's Relief Association, New York, money and stores ........ 400,000 Receipts of the Pennsylvania Freedmen's Relief Association . 61,000 Receipts of the Orthodox Friend Association of Philadelphia, (Freedmen's Relief), exclusive of Foreign contributions . 100,000 Receipts of the Hicksite Friends' Association of Philadelphia 12,000 Receipts of the North Western Freedmen's Aid Society of Chicago 140,000 Amounts raised iy New York and Philadelphia for recruiting colored regiments ......... 50,000 Amount raised in New York for relief of colored victims of riots of July, 1863 . 41,000 I MISCELLANEOUS. 327 Amount raised for benefit of members of Fire Department, Po- lice Force, and National Guard, injured in the riot . Collections of various International Relief Committees in behalf of distressed operatives of Great Britain . . . . Collections made in New England in behalf of East Tenneseeans, Edward Everett, Chairman of Committee . . . Collections of Pennsylvania Relief Association for East Ten- nessee Collections of American Union Commission, cash and clothing Collections of New England Refugees' Aid Society . Fund collected in Boston, New York, and Philadelphia, for relief of people of Savannah, in January and February, 1865 . Fund collected in Philadelphia for relief of people in Chambers- burg in 1864 .......... Fund collected in Baltimore for the same ..... Volunteer Refreshment Saloon in Philadelphia, cash and sup- plies Cooper-shop Refreshment Saloon in Philadelphia, cash and supplies ........... Citizen's Union Volunteer Hospital Association of Philadelphia, cash and supplies Union Relief Association, Baltimore, cash and supplies Pittsburg Subsistence Committee Amount spent by Fire Companies of Philadelphia, and by the Ladies' Transit Aid Association in conveyance of wounded from the boats to the hospitals Amount spent, or received in provisions for the Army and Navy Thanksgiving Dinner of 1864 ...... Spent in previous Festival Dinners for Army and Navy Proceeds of National Sailors' Fair in Boston, November, 1864 Receipts of Patriot's Orphans' Home at Flushing, N. Y. Donation of Pennsylvania R. R. Co., for maintenance of Educa tion of Soldiers' Orphans ..... Other donations to same ...... Received by "Northern Home for Friendless Children," delphia, for support to Soldiers' Orphans Receipts of other Orphan Homes .... Receipts of Milwaukee Fair, June and July, 1865, for Asylum for disabled Wisconsin Soldiers .... Rosevelt Estate Endowment for Soldiers' Home Scholarships for Soldiers and their Children in Colleges and Academies .....••• Value of Steamship presented Government by Corneliu derbilt Phi Van $5 5. coo 347,000 102,000 30,000 70,000 25,000 100,000 35,000 3,000 117,000 78,000 185,000 180,000 45,000 28,000 300,000 100,000 247,000 65,000 50,000 20,000 10,000 20,000 1 10,000 1,000,000 75,000 800,000 32S THE NORWICH MEMORIAL. Commissions returned Government by W. H. As- pinwall $25,000 Salary of Solicitor-general Whitney, not drawn . 20,000 45>ooo Amount spent by Miss Clara Barton in aiding soldiers, and in keeping a list of missing men ....... 10,000 Amount spent in entertaining soldiers in 1865, on their way home (exclusive of Sanitary Commission Disbursements) 20,000 Amount presented to General Anderson, Meade, Captain Wor- den, and others, $70,000 ; raised for family of General Birney, $50,000 ; presented to Admiral Farragut, $50,000 ; General Grant, $50,000 ; raised for officers and men of " Kearsarge," $25,000 ; for General Sedgwick's statue, $20,000 ; and other monuments, etc., $35,000 ........ 300,000 Grand Total $69,696,000 These almost seventy millions represent the free-will of- ferings of the American people during the war, and grand as this sum is, does not include what was raised by taxation for bounties, and for relief of soldiers' families. This splen- did exhibit stands as a memorial of the self-sacrifice, devo- tion, and intelligent patriotism of the people. MILITARY POPULATION OF THE UNITED STATES. Loyal States (excepting California and Oregon) . . . 4,285,105 Western Virginia .......... 66,000 Colorado, Dakotah and Nebraska Territories .... 30,065 District of Columbia '2,797 Total military population furnishing Volunteers . . . 4)393,967 California and Oregon . 185,756 Nevada, New Mexico, and Washington Territories . 46,149 Loyal military population of the Pacific and vicinity . . . 231,905 Military population of the insurgent States .... 998,193 Total military population of the United States . . . 5,624,055 This estimate, of course, included the very large number exempt from enrollment. MISCELLANEOUS. 329 The total white male population between 20 and 45 years, neither exempt from military duty, nor serving May i, 1865, was by enrollment about 2,254,000, which would seem to indicate that rather more than one half of that number was exempt, although of military age. INCREASE OF MILITARY POPULATION.^ 1 860- 1. 1 86 1-2. 1862-3. 1863-4. 1864-5. Number attaining age of 18 Number attaining age of 45 Deaths in military popula- tion not in the army . . Natural increase during the year Increase by immigration during the year . . Total increase of military population 215,020 98,928 37,676 212,630 95,600 35,518 217,600 95,560 33,712 226,740 94,930 32,955 98,855 56,518 237,710 95.170 33,230 78,416 46,092 81,512 31,819 88,328 32,380 109,310 62,663 171,973 124,508 113,391 120,708 155,373 This estimate takes account only of those arriving in the country by regular immigration. There is abundant proof that many volunteers from the Continent of Europe and the British Provinces, animated by the loftiest sympathies with us in our struggle to maintain our government and Republican institutions against those who were aiming to destroy them, came to our support. They served in the Union armies as privates and officers, though to what ex- tent there are no statistics to show. 1 Compiled from the elaborate volume of " Statistics," published by the U. S. Sanitary Commission. 330 THE NORWICH MEMORIAL. TABLE SHOWING NUMBER OF MEN CALLED FOR. Date of Call. April 15, 1861 . . May and July, 1861 May and June, 1862 July 2, 1862 . . . August 4, 1862 . . June 15, 1863 . . October 17, 1863 . February i, 1864 . March 14, 1864 . . April 23, 1864 . . July 18, 1864 . . December 19, 1864 Total . . . Number called for. 75,000 582,748 300,000 300,000 100,000 300,000 200,000 200,000 85,000 500,000 300,000 2,942.748 Periods of Numters Service. obtained. 3 months. 93, ceo 3 years. 714.231 3 months. 15.007 3 years. 451.958 9 months. 87,588 6 months. 16,361 3 years. ) 3 years, j 374,?o7 3 years. 284,821 ICO days. 83.652 I, 2, & 3 yrs. 384,882 I, 2, & 3 yrs. 204,568 2,690,401 The population of the twenty-three loyal States, which during the war constituted the United States, was 22,- 046,472. This includes Missouri, Kentucky, and Mary- land, which furnished soldiers for the armies on both sides, and which had a population of 3,025,745 ; and also Califor- nia and Oregon, on the Pacific, which, because of their dis- tance from the scene of conflict, contributed comparatively but few men, leaving the population from which the soldiers were mainly taken at 18,588,268. This makes the number of men obtained for the service of the government equal to fourteen and a half per cent, of the whole population. TOTAL NUMBER OF ENLISTMENTS IN THE UNITED STATES. 2,268,743 148,376 104,674 46,594 63.322 Enlistments of white soldiers, exclusive of Veteran Volunteers Enlistments of Veteran Volunteers Enlistments in Navy and Marine Corps .... Enlistments of Colored Troops ...... Enlistments of unknown and uncertain character . MISCELLANEOUS. Credits allowed by adjustments .... Number of drafted men who paid commutation 35.290 86,724 Grand total of enlistment table .... 2,753,723 ENLISTMENTS AND DISCHARGES DURING EACH YEAR OF THE WAR. Enlistments. Discharges. Total. From States named above. Returned Home. Died in Ser- vice. Before July, 1862 . . 822,500 8l0:000 207,000 35,000 1862-3. . . . 527,500 517,000 271,000 74,000 1863-4. . . . 637,000 639,000 432,000 68,000 After July ist, 1864 . 430,000 430,000 358,000 62,000 2,417,000 2,396,000 1,268,000 239,000 For the end of the war, May i, 1865, the Secretary of War reported : — Serving in the Volunteer Army 1,034,000 Serving in the Regular Army . 22,000 . 1,056,000 120,000 936,000 Total number in service, about Number of Colored Troops not far from .... Total number of White Troops serving AGES OF THOSE IN MILITARY SERVICE. There were of the age of 18 .... 13.27 per cent. There were under the age of 21 . . . . 29.52 " " 25 . . . . 58-34 " " 30 . . . . 76.57 332 THE NORWICH MEMORIAL. NUMBER DISCHARGED FOR DISABILITY, According to Surgeon-general's Rolls. Enlisted men of Regular Army 6,541 Enlisted men of Volunteer Army 269,197 Enlisted men of Colored Troops 9,807 Total 285,545 STRENGTH OF THE ARMY AT DIFFERENT DATES. Regulars, including Officers and Men. Present. Absent. Aggiegate. January i, 1861 .... 14,663 1,704 16,367 January i, 1S62 .... 19,871 2,554 22,425 January i, 1863 .... 19,169 6,294 25,463 January i, 1864 .... 17,237 7,399 24,636 January i, 1865 .... 14,661 7,358 32,019 Average mean strength . . 17,735 5,194 22,929 The total number of deaths in the Regular Army being 5,724, between the 15th of April, 1861, and the 30th of June, 1865, a period of four years, two months and a half, would give an annual average of 1,360 deaths, or an annual death-rate of 59 per 1,000 of strength, which, divided be- tween violent deaths, and those from disease, would give an annual ratio of 27 violent deaths, and 32 deaths from dis- ease, per 1,000 of strength. -^aWsdlyj.cBlinre.He'"'*'*' ^a/^/^€^ /f^: i'^Reg'^Caim.Vols. MISCELLANEOUS. 333 VOLUNTEERS, OFFICERS AND. MEN, EXCLUSIVE OF COLORED, .TROOPS. Present. Absent. Aggregate. July I, 1861 169,480 849 170,329 January i, 1862 .... 507.333 46,159 553.492 " I, 1S63 .... 676,175 212,859 889,034 " I, 1864 .... 540,643 237.650 778,293 " I, 1S65 .... 523.536 309.395 832,931 March 31, 1S65 .... 554.720 294,351 849,071 Average mean strength . . 544.704 196.803 741,507 The total number of deaths of this class was 265,265, deducting 4,553 vi^ho died subsequent to June 30, 1865, and it leaves a total of 260,712 deaths from the outbreak of the war to that time, a ratio of 65,178 deaths annually, or 88 per 1,000 of average mean strength. Subdividing this ratio between violent deaths, and deaths from disease, in accordance to the proportion of these classes already in- dicated, and we shall have an annual ratio of 33 violent deaths, and 55 deaths from disease per 1,000 of average mean strength. COLORED TROOPS. Total number of colored enlistments Total number of deaths 178,895 33.380 This makes an annual death rate of 148 per 1,000 of aver- age mean strength, or subdivided in accordance with the ratio of violent to other deaths already indicated for this class, we shall have an annual ratio of 15 violent deaths and 133 deaths from disease per 1,000 of strength. 22 334 THE NORWICH MEMORIAL. TOTAL NUMBER OF DEATHS IN MILITARY SERVICE, According to the Surgeon-general's Returns. Regulars. White Volunteers. Colored Volunteers. Total. Killed in battle Died of wounds and injuries . Suicide, homicide and execution Died of disease Unknown causes 1,335 1,174 27 3-009 159 41.369 46,271 442 153.995 23,188 1,514 1,760 57 29,212 837 44,238 49,205 526 186,216 24,184 Total 5.724 265,265 33.380 304,369 Disease thus carried off twice as many victims as violence ; or in other words, of every three deaths from known causes, but one was due to violence. This ratio, however, is a very favorable one in a sanitary historical point of view. The black troops lost almost three times as heavily by disease as the whites ; the white regulars somewhat less so than the white volunteers. According to the elaborate tables of the Surgeon-general, among the leading causes of mortality is placed, first, the several forms of dysentery, etc., next come the various types of camp-fever, reported under such heads as typhoid, typhus, remittent, common continued, and typho-malarial fevers. The next most important cause of death was pneumonia, following which are ranged small-pox, varioloid, measles, and consummation. The largest number of discharges for disability was among the white troops, in consequence of consumption ; among the colored troops, in consequence of rheumatism. MISCELLANEOUS. 335 The number of rebel troops finally surrendered, was in round numbers 175,000. The number of prisoners in the hands of the National authorities during the last year of the war was 98,802. These were all sent to their homes by the United States. The theatre of the war was in the re- bellious States. Their cities were besieged and captured, their territory desolated, and their people suffered all the evils of war at their own homes. These appalling statistics, so far as we can really appre- ciate them, show us at what cost of human life the rebellion was put down. It seems sad enough to contemplate this vast number taken from the ranks of the strong, the young, those whose life was most valuable, and to the industries of the country most essential. Yet this is but the unchanged tale of woe that every war brings to the ears of mankind. Grouping witli these figures which represent our losses during our great struggle those that show the expense in men and money of other prominent wars, we can better realize what warfare has cost the world. Estimated. Killed. Cost. The Crimean War The Italian War 785,000 45,000 3,000 281,000 519,000 45,000 65,000 $1,700,000,000 300,000,000 36,000,000 3,700,000,000 3,750,000,000 350,000,000 200,000,000 The Danish War The American War, North . . . " " South . . . The Austro-Prussian War . . . Various other Wars Total for 14 years 1,743,000 $10,036,000,000 ro6 THE NORWICH MEMORIAL. XVI. "OUR ROLL OF HONOR." Major-ge7ierals. Joseph Lanman, U. S. N. Appointed Midshipman from the State, January i, 1825 ; Passed Midshipman June 4, 183 1 ; com- missioned Lieutenant March 3, 1835 ; Commander September 14, 1855 ; Captain July 16, 1862 ; Commodore August 29, 1862 ; commissioned Rear-admiral December 8, 1867. Brigadier-generals. Daniel Tyler, First Regiment Infantry, Colonel April 13, 1S61. Promoted Brigadier-general March 13, 1862. Resigned. Edward Harland, Third Regiment Infantry, Captain May II, 1861. Sixth Regiment Infantry, Lieutenant-colonel August 30, 1861 ; Eighth Regiment Infantry, Colonel October 5, 1861 ; promoted Brigadier-general November 29, 1862. Resigned June 20, 1865. Henry W. Birge (by brevet Major-general), Fourth Regiment Infantry (changed to First Heavy Artillery); Major May 23, 1861 ; Thirteenth Regiment Infantry, Colonel November 2, 1861 ; promoted Brigadier-general September 19, 1863 ; appointed while in the service. Brevet Major-general February 26, 1865 ; Resigned October 18, 1865. OUR ROLL OF HONOR.' 337 ColoJiels. William G. Ely (by brevet Brigadier-general), Brigade Com- missary (rank of Captain) May 28, 1861, and Vol. A. D. C. Staff Colonel E. D. Keyes, Battle Bull Run ; Sixth Regiment Infantry, Lieutenant-colonel September 4, 1861 ; Eighteenth Regiment Infantry, Colonel July 24, 1862 ; Brevet Brigadier-general March 12, 1865. Resigned September 18, 1864. John E. Ward, Third Regiment Infantr\', First Lieutenant May, i86r; Eighth Regiment Infantry, Captain, September 21, 1861 ; Major, March 28, 1862 ; Lieutenant-colonel, December 23, 1862 ; Colonel, April 2, 1863. Mustered out March 14, 1865. Alfred P. Rockwell (by brevet Brigadier-general), First Light Battery, Captain January 21, 1862; Sixth Regiment In- fantry, Colonel June ir, 1864; appointed Brevet Brigadier-gene- ral Mzrch 13, 1865. Honorably discharged February 9, 1865. Hiram B. Crosby, Twenty-first Regiment Infantry, Adjutant August 22, 1862; Major September 3, 1862 ; Lieutenant-colonel June 8, 1864 ; Colonel June 27, 1864. Honorably discharged September 14, 1864. Henry Case (by brevet Brigadier-general), Fourteenth Regi- ment Infantry, Illinois, First Lieutenant May 3, 1861 ; promoted Captain November 25, 186 r ; Seventh Regiment Cavalry, Major February i, 1862. Resigned April 24,1862. One Hundred and Twenty-ninth Regiment Infantry, Lieutenant-colonel September 8, 1862 ; promoted Colonel May 8, 1863 ; appointed Brevet Brigadier-general {\ pointed, and died August 16, 1867. Second Lieutenants. William W. Barnes, Third Regiment Infantry, May 11, 1861. Honorably discharged August 12, 1861. WiLLiA]\i P. Ford, First Regiment Cavalry, Second Lieutenant November 30, 1864. Mustered out August 2, 1865. James Bradley, First Regiment Cavalry, Second Lieutenant November 30, 1864. Mustered out August 2, 1865. Edward L. Tyler, First Regiment Artillery, Second Lieu- tenant March 29, 1862. Resigned for disability April 9, 1864. John H. Tingley, First Regiment Artillery, Second Lieu- tenant March i, 1862, and A. D. C on Staff General Dan Tyler. Resigned December 31, 1862. Charles A. Murray, Eighteenth Regiment Infantry, Second Lieutenant January 30, 1865. Mustered out June 27, 1865. Francis McKeag, Eighteenth Regiment Infantry, Second Lieutenant December 22, 1862. Mustered out June 27, 1865. James D. Higgins, Eighteenth Regiment Infantry, Second Lieutenant August 8, 1862. Honorably discharged October 27, 1864. Joseph D. Plunkett, Twenty-first Regiment Infantry, Second Lieutenant October 11, 1862. Discharged December 20, 1862. Isaac N. Leonard, Twenty-sixth Regiment, Second Lieutenant August II, 1863. Honorably discharged August 17, 1863. 2.1 3 so THE NORWICH MEMORIAL. Hervey F. Jacobs, Twenty-sixth Regiment Infantry, Second Lieutenant September 6, 1862. Died July 5, 1863. Edward P. Manning, Twenty-sixth Regiment, Second Lieu- tenant July 27, 1863. Died August 17, 1863. GoRHAM Dennis, Seventh Regiment Infantr}', Second Lieu- tenant August 30, 1861. Resigned January 3, 1862. Amos L. Keables, Eighth Regiment Infantry, Second Lieu- tenant August I, 1862. Honorably discharged May 15, 1865. Charles Shepard, Eighth Regiment Infantry, Second Lieu- tenant February i, 1862. Resigned February 14, 1863. Edmund Downing, Ninth Regiment Infantry, Second Lieu- tenant December 5, 1864. Mustered out August 3, 1865. T. Brennan, Second Regiment Heavy Artillery, New York, Second Lieutenant. James H. Nash, commissioned Acting Ensign U. S. N. Jan- uary 20, 1863. Honorably discharged, 1S65. •^■^ GENERAL MUSTER ROLL OF ALL NORWICH SOLDIERS. Shcnutjig I\diik, Regiment, Date of Enlistment, Period of Service, and Date of Muster Out. Those whose names are marked with an asterisk re-enlisted as veterans in 1S64. Name and Rank. Abbott, E. Kempton.. Abljott, John C, 2 Lt. AcUsler, Adam Adams, Anthony Adams, George Adams, Lewis Adams, William Adams, William N. . . Alford, George Alger, Silas J Altdrich, Albert C. . . . Allen, Charles Allen, Daniel B Allen, James A Allen, Nelson R Allen, Raymond Allyn, William R Kegi- nient. I April 22, '61 13 Feb. 20, '62 18 July 15, '62 18 July 17, '62 8 Mch. 19, '64 30 Jan. 15, '64 12 Dec. 3, '6i 18 Aug. II, '62 2 Art. Jan. 27, '64 18 Aug. 4, '62 18 Aug. 15, '62 18 Dec. 28, 64 I Art. Tan. 17, '64 3 May II. '61 18 July 16, '63 II Nov. 14, '61 14 July II, '62 Remarks- Capt. 12. Res. Aug. 25, '62. Lt. Transf. to Signal Corps. Died Madisonville, 0( t. 5, '64. M. O. June 27, '65. M. O. Dec. 12, '65. Deserted, March 27, '64. Deserted, Feb. 22, '62. Transf. V. R. C. Deserted May 9, '64. M. O. fune 2, '65. M. O. July 18, '65. M. O. July 27, '65. M. O. Sept. 25, '65. Sgt. 18. M. O. June 27, '65. M. O. June 27, '65. Hon. discharged, Nov. 13, '64. Died March 9, '63. 352 THE NORWICH MEMORIAL. Name and Rank. Aniesbury, Marvin H.* . . Anderson, Charles \V.. . . Anderson, James S.*. . Appleton, Henry Arms, Charles J., Adj . . . Armstrong, Harvey S. . . . Armstrong, Joseph C . . . . Arnold, Ludwig Ashley, Charles Atchison, Robert Avery, Alexander S., 6>/. Avery, Courtland C.,Cor/. Babcock, George W Bacon, Harrison E Bacon, Isaac I! Bacon, James M Bailey, Amos E Bailey, Joseph A Bailey, Levi H Baird, Thomas \V.,* Cor/>. Baker, Frederick W Baldwin, Thomas M Barber, Ezra N Barlow, James G Barlow, Otis W Barnes, Owen Barnes, Wm. W., 2 Jj. . . Barney, John Barrett, Joseph * Barry, James * Barstow, Charles S Bassett, Reuel H.* Beckwith, Charles H. . . . Beckwith, Henry M Beckwith, Herbert E. . . . Beckwith, John A Beckwith, William Beebe, J''aniel E Bemont, Nelson J Bennett, Elisha Bennett, John A Bennett, Steward C . . Benson, Ohqjh Bentley, iMhvin, A.Siiro- Bentley, John W '. . Bentley, Samuel Berg, August Berry, William A., 2 Z/. Regi- meiit. I Art 18 I Art 18 20 3 26 3 I Art. Cav. 5 Enlistment. 14 18 21 8 1 1 Cav. 8 5 Cav. Cav. Cav. Feb. 26, '62 Aug. 7, '62 Mch. 20, '62 July 17, '62 A ug. 20, '62 May 1 1, '61 Aug. 30, '62 May II, '61 Jan. 3, '65 Dec. 8, '64 July 22, '61 Aug. 27, '62 June 10, '62 Aug. I, '62 Aug. 31, '64 Oct. I, '61 Aug. 8, '64 Dec. 15, '63 Sept. 21, '61 July 22, '61 Jan. 12, '64 Jan. 5, '64 May 7, '61 May 7, '6i May 7, '61 Dec. 9, '64 May II, '61 Aug. 12, '62 Mch. I, '62 Dec. 22, '61 Jan. 5, '64 Oct. 30, '61 May 7, '61 Mch. 10, '62 Oct. I, '61 Oct. 5, '61 Dec. 22, '63 May 7, '61 Aug. 6, '62 Aug. 30, '62 July 18, '62 Aug. 30, '62 Jan. 20, '64 May 23, '61 Jan. II, '64 Aug. 21, '62 Feb. 2, '64 May 7, ,61 Remarks. M. O. Sept. 25, '65. M. O. Tune 27, '65. M. O. Sept. 25, '65. M. O. June 27, '65. Lt. 16. M. O. Tui^e 24, '65. M. O. Aug. 12, "'61. M. O. Aug. 17, '62. M. O. Aug. 12, '61. Deserted July 6, '65. M. O. Aug. 2, '65. Killed, Cedar Mt., Va., Aug. 9, '62. Died June 23, '63. Discharged dis. Oct. 20, '62. M. O. May 23, '65. M. O.June 16, '65. Discharged dis. Jan. 19, '63. M. O. Dec. 21, '65. Died And'sonville, Aug. 13, '64. Discharged dis. Dec. 19, '62. V. R. C. April 21, '65. Died Jan. 27, '64. Died Andersonville July 3, '64. Sgt. II. Hon. dis. Oct.'26, '64. M. O. Aug. 7, 61. I Art. Deserted July 31, '65. Deserted April 10, '65- M. O. Aug. 12, '61. Died of wounds Aug. 14, '64: M. O. Sept. 25, '65. Deserted Aug 30, '64. M. O. June 1, '65. M. O. Aug. 3, '65. 18. DiecrDec. i, '62. Died Oct. 10, '63. Corp. Mass. Art. Died An- napolis Dec. 30, '64- Hon. discharged Sept. 20, '64. M. O. July 15, '65. Corp. 18. M. O. May 30, '65. M. O. May 31, '65. M. O. Aug. 17, '63. Discharged dis. May 3, '63. M. O Aug. 17, '63. M. O. Aug. 18, '65. Still in service U. S. A. M. O. Nov. 7, '65. M. O. June 16, '65. Killed in action Sept. 19, '64. Capt. 2 N.Y. Art. Killed June 5, '64. GENERAL MUSTER ROLL OF ALL NORWICH SOLDIERS. 353 Name and Rank. Regi- ment- Best, John Bcxner, John Billing.s, Samuel D Bilge, Menry \V., iMaj.. M. G. F. by brevet.. .. Black, David Blackman, luinil B Blackman, John F , Blake, Charles S , Blake, George W Blake, John G Blau, An'.hony Blumley, Edward * Bogue, Richard H Bolles, Orin S Bolman, Lemuel Bond, Frank S., Lt Bond, John T.* Booth, John Bottom, William H.« Bottomly, Hen. A.,* Corp. Bowen, Ezra P Boyle, James Bradley, Jno. T Bradley, William Brady, George W lirady, Patrick Brady, Terence Ijraman, Edwin W Braman, Henry T.* Braman, Lucius R Brand, Christ. A Brandon, Ben.* Brash, Hen. J Bray, John Breed, Chas. A Breed, John Brennan, Cornelius Bresnahen, John Brewer, Pliny, 2 Lt Brewster, William H. . . . Brierly, John J Briggs, Abram Broadhead, John P Brogan, John Bromley, Edwin F Bromley, Isaac H., Capt.. Bromley, Joseph B.,^;-. M. Brooks^ Albert O Brooks, Henry 2 Art Cav. iS I Art, Cav. i8 13 5 6 8 6 Cav. 12 10 q 18 II 7 18 1 Art. 18 2 Art. 18 18 H 26 3 18 18 9 6 2 Art. 3 3 14 26 26 21 14 18 29 26 18 Dec. 30, '63 Jan. 31, '64 "Aug. 4, '62 May 23, '61 Dec. 30, '61 July 26, '62 Aug. 12, '61 July 21, '62 Jan. 7, '62 July 22, '61 Sept. 6, '61 Oct. I, '61 July 13, '63 Dec. 15, '63 Dec. 27, '61 Mch. 29, '62 May 24, '62 July 22, '62 [Dec. 2, '61 Sept. 5, '61 July 12, '62 Dec. 22, '63 Aug. 8, '62 Jan. 19, '64 Aug. 8, '64 July 26, '62 July 15, '62 .Sept. I, '62 May II, '61 July 30, |62 July 26, '62 May 24, '62 Dec. 9, '64 Jan. 30, '64 May II, '61 May II, '61 June 21, '62 Sept. 10, '62 Aug. 23. '62 Jan. 21, '64 June 10, '62 Aug. 4, '62 Nov. 14, '64 May 7, '61 Aug. 30, '62 July 26, '62 Feb. 19, '61 Feb. 15, '64 Aug. 30, '62 Remai'ks. Killed Petersb'g, ^Lar. 25, "65. M. O. Aug. 2, 65. M. O. Jun'e 27, '65. Col. 13. M. O. Oct. '65. Killed Geo. 1-an. Oct. 27, '62. Capt. 43 U. S. C. T. M. O. Nov. 30, '65. Deserted May 25, '63. Corp. 18. M. O. June 27, '65. Hon. discharged July 22, '64. Hon. discharged Sept. 11, '64. Died Andersonville Oct. 6, '64. Died Feb. 23, '65. Captured Oct. 17, '64. Died Aug. 22, '63. Maj. U. S. V. Res. Jan. '65. M. O. Aug. 3, '65. M. O. June 27, '65. Discharged July 15, '65. Died March 13, '64. M. O. May 29, '65. M. O. Sept. 25, '65. Killed Piedmont, June 5, '64. U. S. N. April 4, '64. Pro. Adj. M. O. June 27, '65. M. O. June 27, '65. M. O May 31, '65. M. O. Aug. 17, '63. M. O. July 20, '65. Discharged dis. Nov. 16, '64. Lt. 21. Resigned Feb. 23, '63. M. O. Aug. 3, '65. Deserted March 5, '65. Deserted April 2, '64. Lt. 8. Died July.30, '62. Hon. discharged Aug. 12, '61. V. R. C. M. O. July 5, '65. M. O. Aug. 17, '63. Pro. Lt. M. O. Aug. 17, '63. Transf. 10. M. O. A^iig. 25, ^65. M. O. May 31, 65. Deserted Nov. 11, '64. M. O. Oct. 24, '65. M. O. Aug. 7, '61. M.O.Aug. 17, '63. Hon. discharged March 31, '63. Resigned Dec. 29, '63. M. O. Dec. 21. '65. Died July 3, "63. 354 THE NORWICH MEMORIAL. Name and Rank. Regi- ment. Enlistment. Remarks. Brown, Asher P., Corp. . . 26 Sept. II, '62 M. 0. Aug. 17, '63. Brown, Charles H 14 July 18, '63 Transf. 2 Art. May 31, '65. Brown, Daniel H 9 Oct. 30, '6 1 Died May 14, '62. Brown, David H.* 13 Jan. II, '62 Died May 15, '64. Brown, Edward 21 Aug. 16, '62 M. 0. May 20, '65. Brown, George 2 May 7, '61 Corp. 13. Drop'd Oct. 31, '64. Brown, George 10 Dec. 20, '64 Died Jan. 27, '615. Brown, George E 17 Jan. 15, '64 M. 0. July 19, '65. 2 Art. Jan. 29, '64 Dec. 22, '64 Deserted Feb. 24, '64. Deserted Jan. 27, '65. Brown, John I Art. Brown, Leander 3 May II, '61 M. 0. Aug. 12, '61. Brown, Reuben B., Si;f. . . 18 Aug. 5, '62 M. 0. Tune 23, '65. 29 2 Art. Jan. 5, '64 Feb. 2, '64 Died Jan. 25, '65. Deserted Feb. '64. Brown, William Brown, William H 2 May 7, '61 M 0. Aug. 7, '61. Brown, William, 6>/ 30 Jan. 22, '64 M. 0. Nov. 7, '65. Buchanan, Howard R. . . . Cav. Jan. II, '64 Deserted June 30, '65. Buck, Charles B 29 Sept. 2, '64 M. 0. Oct. 24, '65. Buckingham, E. C 14 July 25, '63 Died March 3, '64. Buckley, Daniel C 13 Jan. 19, '64 Deserted July 25, '64. Bump, Henry G., Jr I Art May 23, '61 Hon. discharged May 22, '64. Burdick, Charles 10 Oct. 29, '61 Died Jan. 16, '63. Burdick, Horatio 18 July, 23, '62 Died Oct. 19, '62. Burdick, Joel 18 July 25, '62 Discharged Aug. 25, '62. Burdick, .Samuel 18 July 25, '62 Discharged dis. Jan. 4, '64. Burdick, Theodore, 2 LL 7 Sept. 5, '61 Capt. Killed Ft. Wagner July II, '63. Burdick, William H 18 July 26, '62 M. 0. June 19, '65. Burghmayer, Anton Cav. Jan. 2, '64 Died April 11, '65. Burgoyne, Walter* 12 Dec. 27, '61 Died Feb. 5, '65. Burke, Charles F 3 May II, '61 M. 0. Aug. 12, '61. Burke, Horace E 3 May II, '61 M. 0. Aug. 12, '61. 9 2 Art. May 24, '62 Jan. 23, '64 Aug. 9, '62 Deserted July 17, '64. Deserted Feb. 3, '64. Killed Winchester June 15, '63. Burke, Patrick Burnett, Albert 18 Burns, George 1 Art. 2 Art. Jan. 14, '64 Jan. 20, '64 Deserted Feb 12, '64. Deserted Feb. 19, '65. Deserted Atig. 2, '65. Deserted Feb. 1^, '64. Burns, John Burns, Peter I Art Dec. 22, '64 Jan. 19, '64 Butler, Francis Cav. 2 May 7, '61 Oct. 25, '61 M. O.Aug. 7, '61. Hon. discharged Oct. 24, '64. Butler, John B n Butler, Roswell 18 July 14, '62 Oct. 25, '61 Jan. 15, '64 Aug. 2, '62 Oct. 5, '61 M. 0. June 27, '65. Discharged dis. June 14, '62. M. 0. July 19, '65. Discharged dis. June 18, '65. Discharged dis. March 16, '62. Butler, Rufus II 17 18 8 Buttery, Ira Button, Guv D Button, Samuel A 2 Art. Jan. 21, '64 Nov. 25, '61 Deserted Feb. 13, '65. Discharged dis. Oct. 16, '62. Byrnes, James 9 Byron, James 18 Aug. 6, '62 M. 0. June 27, '65. I Art. M. 0. Sept 25, '65. Calhoun, Martin 3 May II, '61 Callahan, Jeremiah 14 May 23, '62 M. 0. May 31, '65. GENERAL MUSTER ROLL OF ALL NORWICH SOLDIERS. 355 Name and Rank. Cameron, Daniel Campbell, Edward Campbell, Thomas * Canfield, Lawrence Cantwell, William. Carey, Andrew E.* Carey, Charles W Carey, Joel Carkins, Amos B Carl, Martin Carleton, Charles M. Surg. Carlton, George Carney, Daniel. . Carney, John * Carpenter, Chas. H., Corp. Carpenter Charles 11., Sgl. Carpenter, Daniel D Carpenter, Delano N.*. . . Carpenter, Franklin L. . . Carroll, Charles li.'Sgl.. Carroll, George Carroll, Joseph W Carroll, Mortimer Carroll, Theodore R.*. . . Carroll, Timothy Carroll, William B.* Carruthers, William Carter, Thomas S Carver, James Carver, Michael Carver, Thomas Carver, William Case, Charles E. . . . Case, Benjamin Case, David C Case, George R Case, James * Case, John P Case, Joseph Cassidy, Patrick Chalmers, John Champlin, H. F Chandler, Nelson Chantley, William H. Chapman, C. E Chapman, Giles D Chappell, Alfred S... Chappell, Charles L. . Chappell, Samuel H . , Regi- ment- 14 14 9 2 Art. 21 II 18 18 2 18 18 Cav. 18 13 3 S II 18 18 18 1 Art. 12 Cav. 3 2 Art. 18 Cav. Cav. 18 18 2 Art, 13 2 5 5 18 10 Cav. I Bat, I Art. 26 18 26 18 Aug. July Oct. Jan. Aug. Dec. Aug. May Aug. Aug. Jan. July Jan. May Enlistment. 5. '64 iS.'63 12, '61 19, '64 20, '62 3, '61 24, '62 2, '62 7, '61 8, '62 6, '62 22, '64 22, '62 II, '62 II, '61 Aug. 6, '62 April 2, '64 July 22, '61 Jan'. 25, '64 July 12, '62 Aug. 4, '62 July 14, '62 Aug. 25, '64 Dec. 27, '61 Nov. 2, '61 May 7, '61 May II, '61 Tan. 27, '64 July 28, '62 Oct. 26, '61 Aug. 15, '62 Apr. 21, '64 July 29, '62 Jan. 19, '64 May II, '61 Apr. 22, '61 Dec. 30, '61 May 7, '61 July 22, '61 July 22, '61 July 22, '62 Oct. I, '61 Jan. 5, '64 Aug. 8, '64 Jan. 6, '64 Aug. 30, '62 July 22, '62 Aug. 27, '62 July 19, '62 Transf. 2 Art. May 31, '65. Died Jan. 18, '65. Discharged dis. Jan. '65. Deserted Feb. 13, '65. M. O. June 16, '65. M. O. Dec. 21, '65. M. O. July I, '65. M. O. May 22, '65. M. O. Aug. 7, '61. Died Sept. 25, '64. Resigned April 17, '63. Deserted Feb. 4, '64. M. O. May 28, '65. M. O. April 25, '66. Lt. 29, March 10, '64. M. O. Oct. 24, '65. M. O. June 27, '65. M. O. Dec. 12, '65. M. O. July 19, '65. M. O. Dec. 21, '65 M. O. June 27, '65. M. O. June 27, '65. M. O. Aug. 17, '65. Deserted Aug. 8, '65. M. O. Aug. 12, '65. M. O. Aug. 2, '65. Corp. 7. "Died Nov. 5, '64. Pro. Lt. 18. M.O.June 27, '65. Deserted May 9, '64. M. O. June 27, '65. Killed (Stafford C. II. Va.) Jan. 3, '63. M. O. June 3, '65. Dishon. disch. May 8, '65. M. O. June 27, '65'. Deserted Feb. 14, '64. Killed Bull Run July 21, '61. Capt. La. N. G. Disch. dis. July 3, '65. M. O. Aug. II, '61. Disch. dis. July 20, '62. Disch. dis. Sept. 19, '61. M. O. June 27, '65. Died And'sonville Aug. 11,64. Captured May 5, '64. M. O. June 11, '65. M. O. Sept. 25, '65. M. O. Aug. 17, '63. Died Sept. 17, '63. M. O. Aug. 17, '63. [Deserted May 22, '63. 156 THE NORWICH MEMORIAL. Name and Rank. Regi- ment. .6 Chesebri, Taines F. 8 Chester, Frank S., Chism, Samuel. . . . Capt. . 2 Church, Daniel B i8 14 i8 Clark, Edward S Clark, Henry T i8 Clark, James i8 26 i8 i8 i8 2 Art. 2 Art. 26 18 18 18 8 2 26 13 13 2 Art. 8 18 14 26 26 21 26 18 26 Cav. I Art. 26 26 Cav. 13 26 5 18 26 18 Clark, James N., .S^' Clark, John t Clark, Patrick Clark, Vinson H Clayton, John Cobb, Charles H.,Jr Cobb, James L., So-/ Cochran, Alexander R. . . Coil, John Coit, Charles M., Li. Col. by brevet Coit, James B. Adj., Cole, Henry B Colegrove, Chas. H. Collins, Andrew. . . . ,Corp. Collins, James Colton, James S.,* Comins, George E., Conant, Oscar Corp. Corp. Congdon, John C, Corp. . Conger, Thomas B., Corp. Conklin, Patrick Connell, Daniel O Connell, Michael O Converse, Chester Corp "w.", Cook, Frederick N., Cooley, Charles B.. SgL Corbet, Michael Corcoran, Michael Corcoran, Stephen* Corey, Caleb R., Corp. . . Corey, Charles W., Corp. Corey, John F Corney, Patrick 13 Enlistment. Remarks. Aug. 27, '62 Sept. 21, '61 May 7, '61 Jan. 23, '64 July 25, '62 July 23, '63 July 29, '62 Aug. 4, '62 July 23, '62 Aug. 25, '62 Dec. 24, '64 Aug. 2, '62 Feb. 29, '64 Feb. 2, '64 Jan. 27, '64 Aug. 30, '62 May 7, '61 Aug. 7, '62 Aug. 6, '62 July 9, '62 Oct. 5, '61 May 7, '61 Aug. 30, '62 Dec. 22, '61 Jan. 7, '62 Jan. 22, '64 Sept. 21, '61 Aug. 24, '62 Sept. 2, '64 Aug. 28, '62 Aug. 30, '62 Mch. II, '64 Sept. 5, '62 Jan. 25, '64 Aug. 30, '62 May Sept Feb. Aug. Aug. Nov. Dec. Aug. [ulv j"iy Aug. \ug. Jan. 61 '64 '62 , '62 I, '62 .'63 , '61 , '62 '61 '62 , '62 '62 '62 M. O. Aug. 17, '63. Disch. dis. May 14, '62. M. O. Aug. 7, '61. M. O. Nov. 7, '65. M. O.June 27, '65. Tr. 2 Art. M. O May 31, '65. M. O. June 27, '65. M. O. June 27, '65. Tr.V.R. C. M.O.June 27, '65, M. O. Aug. 17, '63. M. O. June 27, '65. M. O. June 27, '65. M. O. June 27, '65. Deserted Apr. 29, '64. Deserted Feb. 11, '64. M. O. Aug. 17, '63. M. O. Aug. 7, '61. Deserted ^lay 22, '63. M. O. June 27, '65. M. O. June 27, '65. Pro. Capt. M. O. May 30, '65. Pro. Maj. I4(B.G. V. bybvt). Resigned Sept. 6, '64. M. O. Aug. 17, '63. Discharged dis- May 13, '63. Discharged dis. Mav 20, '62. U. S. N. April 4, '64. M. O. Dec. 12, '65. M. O. June 27, '65. Transf. 2 Art. May 31, '65 M. O. Aug. 17, '63. M. O. Aug. 17, '63. Died Aug. 2, '64. M. O. Aug. 17, '63. Discharged dis. June 21, '65. M. O. Aug. 17, '63. Lt. La. N. G. Resigned. M. O. July 14, '65. Discharged dis. Jan. 27, '63. M. O. Aug. 17, '63. M. O. Aug. 17, '65. M.O.July 17, '65. Died Baton Rouge May 25, '63. M. O. Aug. 17, '63. Discharged dis. June 5, '65. M. O. May 10, '65. M. O. Aug. 17, '63. M. O. June 27, '65. Capt'ddr. fr. Rolls Dec. 31, '64. GENERAL MUSTER ROLL OF ALL NORWICH SOLDIERS. 357 Name and Rank. Regi- ment. Enlistment. Cotter, \YiIliam Cowles, H. F., S,i:/. Maj. . . Cox, Charles H.* Cox, John Cragg, George G Cramer, David Crandall, John. Cranston, Joseph J. S.. . . Crawford, John Crary, John T., Corp Crocker, Byron Crosby, Hiram B Cross, George W Crowther, James A Crowthers, John Culver, Enoch B., Corp. . Cnllin, John Cummings, William. . Cunningham, Michael Curtis, William R. . . . Curtis, William R Cushman, Alonzo S.*. Cushman, David F Cutler, Charles Cutler, Leonard Daffett, Lewis Dailey, John Daily, Charles H Davidson, Oscar Davis, George P Davis, Henry C, Capt. . Davis, Isaac Davis, Joseph Davis, Job A Davis, Marcus Davis, William Davis, William Davis, William L Davis, William F , Dayton, Nathaniel F Dean, Jerry B Degnan, John Delaney, John Delany, John Deming, Alfred H Deming, Henry R Dennis, Gorham, Corp.... Dennis, J. B., Capt Cav. 2 Art. 14 26 18 26 13 18 18 8 2 Art. iS 21 13 14 1 Art. 2 Art. II 18 7 26 6 1 Art. 18 2 Art. 29 18 29 8 29 II Cav. 2 Art. 18 30 Cav. 17 14 9 18 18 I Art. Remarks. Dec. 15, '64 jM. O. Aug. 2, '65. ;May 7, '61 |Pro. Lt. 18. M. O.May 15, '65. I Nov. 20, '61 [M. O. Aug. 12, '65. jjuly 27, '64 Im. O. Dec. 12, '65. May 7, '61 JM. O. Aug. 7, '61. Jan. 27, '64 Killed Petersburg Mch.25,'65. July 17, '62 M. O. May 31, '65. Aug. 28, '62 M. O. Aug. 17, '63. July 22, '62 Died Winchester July 2, '63. Aug. 26, '62 M. O. Aug. 17, '63. Feb. 5, '62 Died July 15, '64. July, 26, '62 Pro. Lt. Col. H.d. Sept. 14, '64. Aug. 6, '62 M. O. June 27, '65. Sept. 21, '61 Tr. V. R. C. M.O. July i, '63. Jan. 19, '64 M. O. Aug. 18, '65." July 26, '62 Pro. Adj. Died (of wds.) June 6, '64. Aug. 9, '62 Died Alarch 22, '64. Jan. II, '62 Deserted March 17, '62. July 16, '62 Hon. discharged May 19, '63. Jan. 15, '64 Hon. discharged Sept. 25, '65. Jan. 22, '64 Deserted Feb. 7, '64. Dec. 3, '61 Killed Swift's Creek, Virginia, May 9, '64. July 21, '62 |M. O. June 27, '65. Sept. 5, '61 I Hon. discharged Sept. 12, '64. Aug. 30, '62 jHon. discharged Aug. 17, '63. Se]3t. 6, '61 I Hon. discharged .Sept. 5, '64. Aug. 27, '64 M. O. Sept. 2"5. '65. July 24, '62 Discharged Feb. '64. Feb. 2, '64 Deserted June 22, '64. Jan. 2, '64 M. O. Oct. 24, '65. Aug. 8, '62 M. O. Apr. 25, '65. Dec. 9, '63 M. O. Oct. 24, '65. Nov. 18, '64 Died March 10, '65, [an. 2, '64 M. O. Oct. 24, '65. Jan. 4, '64 M. O. Dec. 21, '65. Jan. 5, '64 Died And'sonville Aug. 3o,'64. Jan. 27, '64 M. O. July 8, '65. Aug. 15, '62 M. O. June 27, '64. Jan. 19, '64 M. O. Nov. 7, '65. Jan. 22, '64 M. O. Aug. 2, '65. [an. 18, '64 M. O. [ulv 19, '6s June 5, '62 Tr. V. R. C. M. O. June 29, '65. Nov. 25, '61 Discharged dis. Oct. 16, '62. July 17, '62 K'd Snicker's Ferry Jul. 18, '64. Aug. 9, '62 M. O. June 27, '64. Jan. 14, '64 Deserted Aug. i, '65. "May 7, '61 2 Lt. 7. Resigned [an. 3. '62. Sept. 5, '61 M. O. Feb. 17, '65. " (IJ. G. V. by bvt.) 358 THE NORWICH MEMORIAL. Name and Rank. Dennis, Oscar A., Capt . . Dennison, Andrew J Dennison, John J . . Derby, Charles, Corp . . . . Dexhinair, William Diamond, John * Dillaby, Asa, Corp Ditmus, Edward A. Corp. Di.xon, Lasvrence Dole, Abe Donahue, John * Donahue, William Dorrigan, Hugh Donnivan, Tim Donovan, John Dorcey, Edward, Co7'p. . . Dorkins, William Dorrance, George E Douglass, William P Dowling, Michael W Downer, Sylvanus, Corp. . Downing, Edmund * Doyle, James Doyle, Timothy O Draper, Albion Draper, George Drew, William Driscoll, Alexander Dryer, Henrv Dubois, George S Duff, John Dugan, James Dugan, Thomas Dunbar, Edmund, Corp.. Dunton, William W Dunn, John* Durfey, Henry M Dutton, Rodman Dwyer, Edward Eagan, James Eastman, Shirland L.... Edgerton, George F Edwards, Alfred Edwards, George L Edwards, Henry Edwards, Thomas F Edwards, William Eells, Edward W., Z/.... Fillers, August Ehmer, Ferdinand Eldridge, Daniel D Regi- ment. 1 Art. 7 2 i8 9 i8 29 26 30 9 20 14 26 II 14 30 18 Cav. 26 18 9 9 iS 18 18 2 Art, 26 2 Art. 30 29 26 Cav. 14 8 8 26 21 6 18 Enlistment. May 23, '61 Sept. 5, '61 May 7, '61 Aug. 4, '62 May 7, '61 May 22, '61 July 18, '62 Jan. 2, '64 Oct. 17, '62 Jan. 22, '64 May 21, '61 Sept. I, '64 July 16, '62 Aug. 30, '62 Oct. 25, '61 June 23, '62 Jan. 20, '64 Aug. 4, '62 Jan. 22, '64 Aug. 29, '62 Aug. II, '62 May 31, '62 Oct. 4, '61 Aug. II, '62 Aug. II, '62 Aug. 18, '62 Dec. 23, '64 Sept. 10, '62 Jan. 21, '64 Jan. 6, '64 Jan. 5, '64 Sept. 9, '62 May, 7, '61 Aug. 28, '62 May 7, '61 Dec. I, '62 Aug. 9, '62 Jan. 6, '64 Aug. 20, '62 Sept. II, '62 .Sept. 21, '61 Aug. 23, '62 Oct. 7, '6 1 Jan. 13, '64 May 31, '62 Sept. 21, '61 Sept. 21, '61 Aug. 30, '62 Aug. 19, '62 Sept. 6, '61 Aug. 12, '62 Remarks. Resigned Dec. 11, '61. Hon. discharged Sept. 12, '64. Hon. discharged Aug. 7, '61. M. O. June 27, '65. M. O. Aug. 7, '61. Deserted July 23, '64. M. O. June 27, '65. M. O. Oct. 24, '65. M. O. Aug. 17, '63. Deserted July 3, '65. Deserted Aug. 6, '64. 5. Deserted on way to Regt. Discharged dis. Feb. 8, '63. M. O. Aug. 17, '63. Discharged dis. FcId. i, '63. Diedofw'ds An'tam Oct. 8, '62. M. O. Nov. 7, '65. Tr. Inv'd Corps Mch. 15, '64. M. O. Aug. 2, '65. Transferred .Sig. Corps. Died Andersonville Nov. 5, '64. 2 Lt. M. O. Aug. 3, '65. Hon. discharged Oct. 26, '64. M. O. July 14, '65. M. O. June 27, '65. Discharged dis. Oct. 22, '63. Deserted March 3, '65. Cav. Died March 7, '65. Deserted July 26, '64. Deserted Feb. 11, '65. M. O. Oct. 24, '65. Died July 28, '63. 2 1 . Died And'ville June 4, '64. M. O. Aug. 17, '63. 9. Veteran, des. May 20, '64. M. O. Aug. 3, '65. M. O. June 27, '65. M. O. Nov. 7, '65. Discharged dis. Oct. 11, '62. M. O. A\ig. 17, '63. Discharged dis. Nov. 2, '61. Died July 23, '63. Discharged dis. May 14, '62. Deserted Jan. 21, '64. Discharged dis. Nov. 23, '62. Discharged dis. Feb. 12, '6^. Discharged dis. March 28, '63. M. O. Aug. 17, '63. Died of wounds July 2, '64. Hon. discharged Sept. n, '64. M. O. June 27, '65. GENERAL MUSTER ROLL OF ALL NORWICH SOLDIERS. 359 Name and Rank. Elliott, William Ellis, William H. H Ely, W.G Emmons, Daniel Enwright, John Erskine, Edward Erwin, Edward Fanning, Charles T Fanning, George W Fanning, Henry C Fanning, John T., Corp. . Fanning, Theo. A Fanning, William D Farnsworth, Chas., Ca/>/. Farrell, James Farrell, Laurence P.*... Farrell, Thomas Farris, John W Fellowes, Joshua, Cor/'. . . Fenner, Frank A Fenton, James E Ferguson, Orrin Field, Stephen O Fillburn, Thomas.* Finken, William, Corp. . . Fisher, George W Fisher, Nathan A. A. Surg- Fitch, Edwin S Fitch, James E Fitzgerald, Edward Fitzgerald, Michael Flannagan, Edward Flannagan, James Fletcher, Freeborn O. . . . Fletcher, Joseph E Flvnn, John FoVd, David M Ford, William P.* Forestner, Joseph, Corp. . Foss, Samuel S Foster, Charles Foster, Joel M p"owler, Samuel F.* Fox, David D Fox, George W Fox, Patrick Fox, Thomas Fox, Walter M Francis, Charles Francis, Ed Francis, Edwin S., Sgt.. . Regi- ment. Enlistment. lO Dec. 17, '64 i8 Aug. 6, '62 I April 24, '61 29 Jan. 7, '64 26 Aug. 30, '62 26 Aug. 29, '62 9 Nov. 25, '61 18 July 31, '62 18 July 29, '62 8 Sept. 2t, '61 3 May II, '61 8 Sept. 21, '61 2 May 7, '61 Cav. Nov. 26, '61 9 Nov. 25, '6i 12 Dec. 28, '61 21 Aug. 18, '62 II Jan. 26, '64 26 Aug. 30, '62 8 Jan. 13, '64 18 Aug. 9, '62 2 Art. Jan. 30, '64 II Oct. 24, '61 7 Sept. 9, '61 18 Aug. 6, '62 30 Jan. II, '64 13 Feb. 4, '61 18 Aug. 8, '62 Cav. Oct. 26, '61 14 July 25, '63 I Art. Jan. II, '64 2 May 7, '61 Cav. Jan. 23, '64 18 July 28, '62 2 May 7, '61 S Aug. 6, '63 II Nov. 14, '61 Cav. Nov. 2, '61 18 Aug. 7, '62 8 Sept. 21, '61 18 Jan. 18, '64 3 May II, '61 13 Dec. 30, '6i I Art. April I, '62 18 July 26, '62 21 Aug. 21, '62 2 Art. Jan. 4, '64 2 Art. Jan. 20, '64 3 May II, '61 29 Aug. 29, '64 -^ May 7, '61 Deserted Aug. 4, '65. M. O. June 27, '65. Col. 18. B. G. V. bybvt. Re.s'd Died June 13, '64. [Sept. iS,'64. M. O. Aug. 17, '63. M. O. Aug. 17, '63. Discharged dis. March 9, '64. Killed Piedmont June 5, '64. Discharged dis. March 25, '64. Died wd's Ant'tam Oct. 28, '62. M. O. Aug. 12, '61. Died wd's Ant'tam Oct. 19, '62. M. O. Aug. 7, '61. M. O. May 17, '64. Hon. discharged Oct. 26, '64. Deserted April 7, '64. V. R. C. M. O. June 29, '65. Deserted June 18, '64. M. O. Aug. 17, '63. M. O. Dec. 12, '65. M. O. June 27 '65. Deserted Feb. 23, '64. Discharged Nov. 14, '62. Died MHlen Ga. Oct. 21, '64- M. O. June 27, '65. M. O. Nov. 7, '65. Resigned June 16, '63 M. O. June 27, '65. Deserted Oct. 30, '63. Deserted July 24, '64. M. O. Sept. 25, '65. M. O. Aug. 7, '61. Deserted Dec. 15, '64. M. O. June 27, '65. Sgt. 8. Disch. dis. Jan.9, '63. Deserted. Killed Antietam -Sej^t. 17, '62. Pro. 2 Lt. M. O. Aug. 2, '65. Died Aug. 9, '63. Pro. Lt. Discharged Jan. 27, '65. M. O. June 27, '65. M. O. Aug. II, '61. M. O. April 25, '66. Hon. discharged April i, '65. Died Martinsb'g April 17, '65. M. O. June 16, '65. M. O. Aug. 18, '65. Killed Petersb'g June 22, '64. M. O. Aug. ii,"'6i. Died Sept. 17, '65. M. O. Aug. 7, '61. 360 THE NORWICH MEMORIAL. Name and Rank. Regi- ment. x8 Enlistment. Remarks. Francis Jno. A., 2 Lt . Tuly 14, '62 Pro. Lt. M. 0. June 27, '64. Francis, William 30 Jan. 2, '64 M. 0. Nov. 7, '65. Fraser, Daniel 26 Aug. 30, '62 M. 0. Aug. 17, '63. Frazier, George W 3 May II, '61 Sgt. 7. Hon. dis. Sept. 12, '64. Frazier, Richard 30 Jan. 5, '64 M. 0. Nov. 7, '65. Freeman, S. H., Corp. . . . 18 Aug. 7, '62 M. 0. June 27, '65. Frink, Lewis F Cav. Jan. 22, '64 M. 0. Aug. 2, '65. Frisbie, Lyman, Cor/>. . . . 18 Aug. 4, '62 M. O- Jmie 27, '65. Fuller, Geo. H., Cor/ 26 Aug. 30, '62 M. 0. Aug. 17 '63. Fuller, James E., S^t.... IT Oct. 25, '61 Pro. Lt. Nov. II, '64. Fuller Wallace 26 Aug. 29, '62 Dec. 30, '63 M. 0. Aug. 17, '63. M. 0. Aug. 18, '65. M. 0. May 31, '65. 2 Art. Gallagher, Francis 14 July 23, '62 Gallivan, David 26 Aug. 30, '62 M. 0. Aug. 17, '63. Gallivan, Humphrey 26 Sept. 8, '62 M. 0. Aug. 17, '63. Gallup, Loren A., CaJ>i. . 26 Aug. 30, '62 M. 0. Aug. 17, '73. (iardner, John 5 Aug. 20, '63 M. 0. June 14, '6s. Gaskill, Henry C 18 Aug. I, '63 Died Danville, Feb. 20, '6v Gates, Horace P 3 May II, '61 Adj. 8. App. A. A.G. U.S. V. Gates, William H Cav. Jan. 23, '64 Deserted Feb. 2, '64. Gattel, Peter 8 Sept. 21, '61 Hon. discharged Sept. 20, '64. Gavitt, Edwin. 3 30 18 May II, '61 Jan. 22, '64 Aug. 2, '62 Hon. discharged Aug. 11, '61. Disch. dis. March 18, '65. M. 0. June 27, '65. Gibson, James Gibson, Savillian F Gilchrist, John W 2 May 7, '61 M. 0. Aug. 7, '61. Giles William ^o Jan. 18, '64 Sept. 2, '62 Aug. 3, '64 M. 0. June 18, '65. M. 0. Aug. 17, '65. Deserted Aug. 20, '64. Gilleran, Owen 26 Gilligan, Thomas 14 Gilroy, Charles 18 July 24, '62 Deserted Aug. 21, '66. Gleason, Henry D., CorJ>. 18 Aug. 6, '62 Captured June 11, '64. Gleason, John 9 Nov. 25, '61 Discharged dis. Oct. 16, '62. Glynn, Patrick * 9 ]\Lav 26, '62 Died Nov. 25, '64. Goddard, Alfred M., Z/. . 8 July 24, '63 Died Petersburg May 9, '64. Goddard, Henry P., 2 Lt Sqd. Cav. May 7, '62 Pro. Capt. 14. Res. Apr. 26,"64. Gorry, John 18 July 22, '62 M. 0. June 27, '65. Gorry, John 26 Aug. 30, '92 M. 0. Aug. 17, '63. Goss, James W 26 Aug. 30, '62 M. 0. Aug. 17, '63. Gould, Augustus May 7, '61 M. 0. Aug. 7, '61. Gould, John 2t) Aug. 29, '62 M. 0. Aug. 17, '63. Gould, Munroe A Cav. Jan. 12, '64 M. 0. Aug. 5, '65. 9 Cav. May 24, '62 Dec. 23, '64 M. 0. Aug. 3, '65. Deserted. Graham Tliomas H Graves, Albert G 29 Jan. 2, '64 U. 0. Oct. 24, '65. Green, Lafayette M 5 July 22, '61 Discharged dis. Dec. 20, '62. Green, R. J., Corp 26 AuiT. 22, '62 M. 0. Aug. 17, '63. M. 0. Sept. 25, '65. Green, William B I Art. Tan. 4, '64 Greenman, George 18 Aug. 18, '62 Pro. Capt. 31 U. S. C. T. M. 0. Nov. 7, '65. Greenman, Rufus. 13 Feb. I, '62 Discharged dis. May 13, '63. Greenough, H. W Cav. Jan. 8, '64 Died Salisbury, N.C. Oct. 9, '64. GENERAL MUSTER ROLL OF ALL NORWICH SOLDIERS. 361 Name and Rank. Greenwood, George Griffin Peter Griffin, Thomas . . . Gunn, Augustus W. Guttman, C. B Guyle, John W Hakes, Dwight W., Qr.M. Hakes, Isaac H., Capt . . . Hale, Morton F., Qr. RI . Hall, Aaron M., Corp Hall, George Hall, William Hallam, Chester H Hallapan, T. A.* Hamilton, F. T* Hamilton, James Hamilton, William H... Hancock, Joseph A Hanley, Michael Hanson, H. C Hanson, Olet T Harland, Edward, Capt. Harper, William Harrington, Clark, Capt. Harrington, Joseph W.*, Harris, George L. Hartie, Thilip C Harvey, George F Harvey, James Harvey, St. John Hasleni, Wesley W Hathaway, Philip B Hawthorne, Andrew Hayes, Chailes Hayes. William Hayward, William G Hazlchurst, Edwin Healey, Edward Heath, Leonard Heath, Thomas Hempstead, Albert Hempstead, Henry Henderson, Andrew Hennessey, Thomas J.. . . Henney, George Hernandez, John Herrick, James Hickey, John * Regi- ment. 2 Art. 18 14 R. I. Art, 1 Art, 9 8 18 18 18 26 2 Art. 26 18 Cav. 26 14 18 18 13 14 I Art I Art 18 I Art. 18 Enlistment. Remarks. Cav. 5 9 Jan. 25, '64 Deserted Apr. 9, '64. Jan. 13, '64 Discharged dis. Apr. 3, '64. May II, '61 M. O. Aug. 11, '61. Jan. 19, '64 M. O. Nov. 7, '65. Jan. 20, '64 Trans, to Penn. Regt. as de- serter. May 24, '64. May II, '61 M. O. Aug. 12, '61. Aug. 4, '62 Capt. (Com. Sub ) U. S. V. July 12, '62 Resigned Dec. 26, '62. "May 28, '61 Capt. (Com. Sub.) U. S. V. Jan. 7, '64 M. O. Oct. 24, '65. Dec. 22, '6i Discharged dis. May 20, '62. Auff. 11, '62 M. O. June 27, '65. Died May 4, '64. May 23, '61 Sept. 25, '65. May 24, '62 Deserted ]\Lay 24, '64. July 26, '64 Captured Sept. 29, '64. July 29, '62 Killed Piedmont, June 5, '64. July 23, '62 M. O. June 27, '65. July 22, '62 Discharged dis. June 16, '64. Aug. 30, '62 M. O. Aug. 17, '63. Jan. 20, '64 U. S. N. April 14, '65. May n, '61 Col. 8. B. G. V. Apr. 29, '63. Resigned June 20, '65. Aug. 28, '62 M. O. Aug. 17, '63. Aug. 25, '62 M. O. Aug. 17, '63. Sept. 5, '61 M. O. July 20, '65. July 19, '62 Transf. V. R. C. June 7, '62 Discharged dis. Dec. 9, '62. Aug. 19, '62 Discharged Nov. 7, '62. May 7, '61 M. O. Aug. 7, '61. Nov. 6, '62 M. O. Aug. 17, '63. July 25, '62 M. O. May 18, '65. Jan. 4, '64 Discharged Sept. 15, '64. Aug. 28, '62 M. O. Aug. 17, '63. July 28, '64 Transf. 2 Art. May 31, '65. Aug. 2, '62 Deserted Dec. 16, '62. Aug. I, '62 Died And'sonville Sept. II, '64. Jan. 28, '62 Discharged dis. May 20, '62. July 16, '62 Discharged dis. Nov. 25, '62. Jan. 18, '63 M. O. Sept. 25, '65. Aug. 29, '64 Deserted Aug. 9, '65. Aug. 8, '62 M. O. June 27, '64. May 7, '61 M. O. Aug. 7, '61. Feb. 26, '62 Deserter from 2d N. Y. Art. July 31, '62 M. O. June 27, '65. Jan. 21, '64 Deserted April 22, '64. Jan. 13, '64 Deserted Jan. 21, '64. July 22, '61 Discharged dis. Jan. 6, ^b^. May 24, '62 JM. O. Aug. 3, '65. 362 THE NORWICH MEMORIAL. Name and Rank. Regi- ment. Hickey, Patrick Hicks, James W Higgins, James D Highey, Patrick Hitl, Edwin Hill, Elisha D Hill, Jahleel B Hilliard, William C, SgL Hills, Herman Hinckley, Edwin F Hislop, James Hoey, John Hoey, William Hogan, James Holmes, Joseph Holmes, Joseph W Holwell, John C Hotchkiss, Edwin O Hovey, Henry, C. Sgi Howard, P'rancis Howard, Solomon M.,5>A Howard, William H Howell, Abbott Hughes, Asa L Hull, Henry H Huntington, C. L. F Huntington, Daniel Huntington, George F. . . Huntington, Thomas U. . Huntoon, Samuel, Ca^(. . Hutchins, Lyman Hutchins, William Hyatt, Isaac B Hyde, John P Hyland, John* Irons, Thomas Ittell, George, Cor/>.* . . . . Jacobs, Hervey F., 2 LL . Jaques, Benjamin F Jaques, David D.* Jaques, William * Jennings, John B., Cor/>. . Jewell,^ William C Jewctt, Eleazar. Jewctt, Joseph H Jewett, Lee L Jillson, George W ..... . Johnson, Abel * Johnson, Charles II Johnson, D. H Johnson, Irvin * i8 21 26 i8 27 i8 i8 Cav. 21 Cav. Cav. 20 Cav. 1 Art. II 26 18 2 Art 29 18 Enlistment. Remarks. 13 29 18 I Art Jan. 28, '62 July 30, '62 May 7, '61 Aug. 29, '62 Aug. 30, '62 July 21, '62 Sept. 25, '62 July 14, '62 Aug. 8, '62 Oct. 26, '61 Aug. 21, '62 Jan. 12, '64 Jan. 12, '64 Aug. 15, '62 Oct. 26, '61 P'eb. 27, '62 Nov. 23, '61 Aug. 30, '62 Aug. 4, '62 Jan. 20, '64 Jan. 2, '64 Aug. 14, '62 Jan. 4, '64 May 7, '62 May 27, '62 May II, '61 Sept. II, '62 July 5, '62 Sept. 21, '61 Aug. 26, '62 Oct. 25, '61 Nov. 14, '61 Jan. 15, '64 July 12, '62 Nov. 25, '61 June 12, '62 Sept. 6, '61 Aug. 29, '62 May 7, '61 Jan. 28, '62 Nov. iS, '61 Apr. 22, '61 Aug. I, '62 Aug. 30, '62 May 7, '61 Aug. 25, '62 May II, '61 Dec. 22, '61 Jan. 2, '64 July 29, '62 Feb. 26, '62 Deserted March 17, '62. Died Martinsburg Apr. 13, '64. 2 Lt. 18. Hon. dis. Oct. 27, '64. M. O. June 16, '65. M. O. Aug. 17, '63. M. O. June 27, '65. 2 Art. Deserted Aug. 10, '65. Discharged Dec. 3, '64. Deserted Aug. 30, '62. Discharged dis. Nov. 3, '62. M. O. June 16, '65. M. O. Aug. 2, '65. M. O. Aug. 2, '65. 5. Deserted on wa}'' to Regiment Discharged dis. Nov. 3, '62. Deserted March 14, '62. Killed Antietam .Sept. 17, '62. M. O. Aug. 17, '63. M. O. June 27, '65. M. O. Sept. 18, '65. M. O. Oct. 24, '65. M. O. June 27, '65. Died July 61, 65. 14. Disch'd dis. Dec. 15, '62. Discharged dis. Feb. 15, '65. M. O. Aug. II, '61. M. O. Aug. 17, '65. V. R C. Jan. 15, '64. Died Sept. 29, '61. M. O. Aug. 17, '63. Discharged dis. May 18, '62. Died June 14, '62. M. O. July 19, '65. M. O. June 27, 65. M. O. Aug. 3, '65. M. O. May 31, '65. Deserted Feb. 27, '64. Died Port Hudson July 5, '63. Corp. 18. M. O. June 27, '65. M. O. Apr. 25, '66. M. O. Aug. 3, '65. Captured July 21, '61. Discharged dis. March 28, '63. M. O. Aug. 12, '63. Adj. 8. M. O. Dec. 12, '65. Discharged dis. May 8, '63. M. O. Aug. II, '6r. M. O. Apr. 25, '66. M. O. Oct. 24, '65. M. O. June 27, '65. M. O. Sept. 25, '65. GENERAL MUSTER ROLL OF ALL NORWICH SOLDIERS. 36^ Name and Rank. Johnson, John W Johnson, Lovell Johnson, Marquis L Johnson, Robert * Johnson, Samuel * Johnson, Stephen T Johnson, William Jones, Frank J., 2 Lt. . . . Kampf, George Kampf, Herman Kane, J. Hammond Keables, Amos L., Sgl._. . Keables, Charles F Keables, N. Armand . . . . Keane, Michael * Keech, Charles Keeler, George W Keeler, John M Keeler, Thomas Kehr, Jacob * Keigwin, Daniel Kelly, Andrew J Kelly, Henry Kelly, James A Kelly, John Kelly, Michael Kelly, Thomas Keneley, James Kenney, Charles L Kenney, Ralph Kepler, Sebast. B., Corp. Kerley, John Kerr, Francis Kerr, John Kerr, Robert Kerr, Robert* Kerrigan, Thomas Kies, David B Kimball, James Kimball, John King, David Kingslev, Tared L Kingsley, "Wiilet W.*.... Kingston, Elias, Jr Kinney, Albert B.* Kinney, William H Kirby, John Klein, John Knapp, Samuel R., Capt. Knox, Joseph W Kohler, William S Regi- ment. 13 9 26 9 I Art. I Art. 26 I Cav. Remarks 18 3 9 2 Art 18 2 Art. 13 18 18 8 2 Art. 10 26 26 18 9 13 18 9 26 II 26 26 14 18 8 7 18 26 Cav. 18 Cav. 2 Art. Oct. 21, '61 Jan. 25, '64 Jan. 28, '62 May 7, '61 Oct. 17, '61 Aug. 28, '62 Jan. 12, '64 Mar. 13, '62 Apr. 8, '62 Aug. 30, '62 Jan. 4, '64 Sept. 21, '61 Aug. 6, '62 May II, '61 May 22, '62 Jan. 21, '64 Aug. 8, '62 May II, '61 Jan. 4, '64 Jan. 28, '62 Dec. 19, '63 Aug. 2, '62 Sept. 21, '61 P^eb. I, '62 July 31, '62 July 15, '64 Jan. 22, '64 Jan. 19, '64 Sept. I, '62 Sept. I, '62 Aug. 12, '62 Nov. 25, '6 1 Jan. 22, '62 July 23, '62 May 7, '61 Oct. 22, '62 Aug. 29, '62 Jan. 25, '64 Atig. 29, '62 Aug. 30, '62 July 13, '63 Aug. 4, '62 Oct. 5, '61 May 7, '61 Sept. 5, '61 Aug. 12, '62 Sept. I, "62 Jan. 13, '64 Aug. 21, '62 Jan. 12, '64 Jan. 29, '64 Deserted Nov. 18, '61. M. O. June 19, '65. Discharged dis. July 29, "62. Sgt. 9. M. O. Aug. 3, -65. M. O. Aug. 3, -65. Died Aug. 3, '63. M. O. Aug. 3, '65. Pro. Lt, resigned July 27, '63. Hon. discharged April 8, '65. M. O. Aug. 17, '63. M. O. Aug. 2, '65. Pro. 2 Lt. Disch. May 15, '65. Tr. V. R.C. M.O.Aug. 17,-65. 26. M. O. Aug. 17, '65. Deserted May 20, '64. M. O. Jan. 13, '65. M. O. June 29, '65. M. O. Aug. II, '61. Killed Ft. Fisher Mar. 26, '65. M. O. April 25, '66. M. O. June 27, '65. M. O. June 27, '65. Discharged Feb. 26, '64. Hon. discharged Jan. 6, '65. Deserted Sept. 19, '62. Deserted Aug. 20, '65. Deserted Feb. 3, '64. Killed Petersburg April 2, '65. M. O. Aug. 17, '63. M. O. Aug. 17, '63. M. O. June 27, '65. Died on transport July 24, '62. Discharged dis. Nov. 23, '63. V. R. C. M. O. May i, '64. Pro. 2 Lt. 18. M.O. June 27,'65. Q. M. Sgt. M. O. Aug. 3, '65. M. O. Aug. 17, '63. M. O. Dec. 21, '65. M. O. Aug. 17, '63. M. O. Aug. 17, '63. Transf. 2 Art. May 31, '65. , M. O. June 27, '65. M. O. Dec. 12, '65. M. O. Aug. 7, '61. M. O. July 20, '65. M. O. June 27, '65. M. O. Aug. 17, '63. M. O. Oct. 10, '65. Resigned June 6, '63. M. O. Aug. 2, "65. Deserted Feb. 10, '64. 564 THE NORWICH MEMORIAL. Name and Rank. Kraus, Adam Krepps, James Lacy, David Ladd, Albert W Ladd, Amos R Ladd, Daniel Lafert}', James Laird, Daniel Laird, John Lamb, George W., Corp. Lampheare, Charles H.. Lampheare, Chaimccy G Lampheare, James M.*.. Lamphere, Calvin J Lampson, Charles E Lane, Joseph M Lapierre, H. M Lasthins, August Latham, Albert Latham, Ira C Lathrop, Dewitt Q,.,Siirg. Lathrop, Erastus D Lathrop, Joseph O Laughlin, Patrick Lawler, Joseph H., Corp. Lawler, Thomas C, Corp. Leach, Edwin T Leahy, Edward * Learned, Bela P., 2 /,/. . . Leary, James* Lee, Ciiarles C Lee, J. Hamilton, A. Surg. Lee, Samuel J., Sgt Leman, Theodore Leonard, Isaac N Leonard, M. L Leruscher, William Lester, Henry W., Corp. Lewis, Charles Lewis, James S Levison, Moritz* Lilley, John, Sgt Lillibridge, Clark Lillibridge, M. M Lindsley, Adam \\.,Lt... Livingston, Y. D-, Corp. . Lloyd, Patrick Loomis, Charles A.* Loomis, Ezra M Regi- ment. IS 2 Art. I Art. 18 18 13 18 26 10 14 2 Art, 26 26 26 18 21 8 Enlistment. Remarks. Loomis, George W. Co7'p. 18 14 9 18 9 I Art. 9 18 21 18 6 3 18 6 8 26 1 Art. 18 2 Art. 18 6 14 2 II 18 Aug. 6. '62 Dec. 20, '64 Jan. 23, '64 Jan. 4, '64 May 7, '61 July 24, '62 Aug. II, '62 Feb. II, '62 Aug. 8, '62 Aug. 26, '62 Oct. 7, '61 Aug. 30, '62 Oct. 5, '61 July 20, '63 Jan. 20, '64 Sept. 5, '62 Aug. 28, '62 Oct. 13, '62 July 25 '62 Jan. 13, '64 Oct. 5, '61 May 7, '61 Aug. 6, '62 July 25, '63 Oct. 30, '61 May 7, '61 Aug. 7, '62 May 5, '62 Mar. 12, '62 Nov. 25, '61 Dec. 24, '63 Aug. 22, '62 Aug. 2, '62 Sept. 6, '61 May II, '61 July 25, '62 Sept. 6. '61 May 7, '61 Feb. 20, '64 Aug. 30, '62 Mar. I, '62 Aug. 14, '62 May 7, '61 Dec. 30, '63 Aug. 8, '62 July 22, '61 July 15, '62 May 7, '61 Dec. 3, '61 July 26, '62 M. O. June 27, '65. 7. M. O. Aug. 14, '65. Killed Cold Harbor June i,'64. Disch. dis. April 6, '64. Adj. 73 U. S. C. T. M. O. June 27, '65. M. O. June 23, '65. Killed in action .Sept. 19, '64. M. O. June 27, '65. M. O. Aug. 17, '63. Deserted Oct. 31, '61. M. O. Aug. 17, '63. Deserted Aug. 16, '65. Transf. 2 Art. May 31, '65. M. O. Aug. 18, '65. M. O. Aug. 17, '63. Transf Sig. Corps. Discharged dis. Feb. 18, '63. Lt. 30. "M. O. Nov. 7, '65. Tr. 10. M. O. Aug. 25, '65. Died, April 18, '62. 1 Art. Dis. dis. Dec. 24, '62 M. O. June 27, '65. Deserted Feb. 5, '64. Pro. Lt. M. O. Aug. 3, '65. Lt. 9. Resigned Feb. 25, '62. Lt.31 U. S.C. T, Dis. May 9, Deserted June 5, '64. ['64. Maj. by bvt. Pro. Capt. Sept. M. O. Aug. 3, 65. [25, '65. M. O. June 27, '65. Surg. Discharged Oct. 31, '64. M. O. June 27, '65. Hon. discharged Sept. Ii, '64. Sgt. 26. Hon. dis. Aug. 17, '63. 2 Lt. 29. M. O. Oct. 24, '65, Hon. discharged Sept. 12, '64. Discharged dis. June 26, '61. Deserted March 15, '64. Deserted Nov. 24, '62 Deserted April 16, '64. Pro. Capt. M. O. June 27, '65. M. O. Aug. 7, '61. Discharged dis. June 13, '65. Hon. discharged, April 17, '65. Discharged dis. Jan. 10, '62. Died of wounds May 11, "64. Sgt. 13. Deserted Aug. 30, '62. Died of wounds (Antietam) Sept. 19, 62. M. O. June 27, '65. GENERAL MUSTER ROLL OF ALL NORWICH SOLDIERS. 365 Name and Rank. Loomis, Henry N Loomis, J'liiies W Loomis, John \V Long, John Lovering, Fred. E Lowrey, Joshua Lumis, T. J Lydon, James Lynch, Charles Lynch, Henry Lynch, James Lyon, George N Lyon, Nelson A Maguire, Patrick* Mahony, William Manion, Thomas Manning, David W Manning, Ed. P., C. Sgt.. Manning, Lem. A Maples,"'C. H., Qr. M. Sgt. Maples, James S Maples, Wm. L Marks, Michael Maro, Patrick Marrariy, John Marsh, F. B Marshall, Geo. I! Marshall, Hamlet J Marshall, John Marshall, William S Marshall, Wilson C Martin, Islay B Martin, Jno. W Martin, Patrick Mason, John Massey, James Matson, George Maurer, Richard Maynard, Roswell E McAllister, Ronald McAllister, Ronald, Jr... McCall, A. Dwight, Lt... McCall, John, Sgt McCall, Gideon, Corp.. . . McCarty Michael McCarty, Thomas McCaulay, Thomas McClure, George McClure, John McCool, John McCora, James J., 2 Lt, . Regi- ment. Cav. 8 18 9 18 2 Art. 2 Art, I Art, 21 9 1 Art, Cav. 2 Art, 26 18 26 2 3 9 10 8 7 3 26 18 Cav. 18 i8 18 13 Cav. 18 29 I Art. 26 II II 12 30 14 2 Art. 2 Art. 26 18 2 Art. Enlistment. Aug. 20, '62 Aug. 14, '62 May 7, '61 July 15, '62 Jan. 5, '64 Oct. 7, '61 Aug. 5, '62 Oct. 17, '61 Aug. 6, '62 Jan. 13, '64 Jan. 30, '64 Jan. 4, '64 Aug. 22, '62 Nov. 26, '62 Mar. 5, '62 Dec. 30, '63 Jan. 27, '64 Aug. 30, '62 July 29, '62 Aug. 27, '62 May 7, '61 May II, '61 Nov. 25, '61 Oct. I, '61 Sept. 21, '61 Sept. 5, '61 May II, '61 Sept. 2, '62 Aug. 12, "62 Dec. 22, '63 July 23, '62 Aug. 5, '62 July 17, '62 Jan. 22, '62 Nov. 19, '64 July 15, '62 Dec. 4, '64 Jan. 15, '64 Aug. 29, '62 Nov. 12, '61 Oct. 25, '61 Jan. I, '62 Sept. 21, '61 Jan. 25, '64 Aug. 5, '63 Feb. I, '64 Jan. 21, '64 Aug. 30, '62 July 19, '62 Jan. 21, '64 "May 7, '61 Remarks. Died Aug. 21, '64. Discharged Nov. i, '64. M. O. A'ug. 7, '61. M. O.June 27, '65. M. O. Aug. 2, '65. Rejected Nov. 2, '61. M.'O. June 27, '65. Discharged Oct. 26, '64. M. O. June 27, '65. Died of wounds Oct. 31, '64. Deserted March 8, '64. M. O. Sept. 25, '65. M. O. June 16, '65. M. O. Aug. 3, '65. Deserted March 15, 62. M. O. Aug. 2, '65. Discharged dis. July 15, '65. 2 Lt. Died Aug. 17, '63. M. O. June 27,^65. M. O. Aug. 17, '63. U. S. C. T. M. O. Aug. II, '61. Hon. discharged Oct. 26, '64. Killed Newbern March 14, '62. V. R. C. Discharged dis. Jan. 3, '62. Corp. 18, M. O. June 27, '65. Disch. July 24, '63. M. O. June 23, '65. M. O. June 3, '65. M. O. June 27, '65. Died w'ds W'chester July 2, '63. ^L O. June 27, '65. Hon. discharged Jan. 6, '65. M. O. Aug. 2. Died Florence S. C. Jan. 7, '61; M. O. Oct. 24, '65. M. O. Sept. 25, '65. M. O. Aug. 17, '63. Discharged dis. Jan. 10, '63. Killed Cold H'bor June 3, '64. M. O. Nov. 21, '64. Capt. K'd F't Darl'g May i6,'64. Died of wounds Oct. 8, "64. Discharged Dec. 6, '63. Deserted April 14, '64. Deserted July 14, '64. M. O. Aug. 17, '63. M. O. June 27, '65. Deserted Aug. 28, '64. Capt. 13, M. O. Jan. 6, '65. 24 \66 THE NORWICH MEMORIAL Name niid Rank. Regi- ment. McCoy, George '2 Art. McCracken, Henr}- jCav. McCracken, James 18 McCusker, Hiii;h, 18 McCusker, John* 18 McDavid, George 18 McDavid, James S Cav. McDonakl, Joliii* 9 McDonakI, John 14 McDonnell, Thomas 9 McGarry, Andrew 2 . ]\IcGlone, James i Art McGovern, Michael 14 McGovern, Thomas* 9 McGrath, John 18 McGuigan, Frank 9 McKay, James* 5 McKeag, Francis, S^L ... 2 McKee, James 2 . IMcKenna, John,* Cor/>. . . 9 ]McKenna, John 21 McKenna, Peter 21 McKnight, William 12 Mci^aughin, Thomas 5 McLeland, George 10 McMahon, Gilbert 2 Art. McMahon, Thomas 18 McNamara, John* 9 McNamara, Patrick 18 McNeil, John 26 McSorly, John 9 McVaj', Francis 14 McVay, James 14 McVay, Michael 14 McWhirr, Juhn F 18 IMeany, John 9 Meech, Stci)hen B., At//.. 26 Meehan, Peter* 9 Meehan, William* 9 Meisser, Charles 6 Meldrum, John* g Meledy, Michael, 6>^ 26 Mell, Augustus* 5 Mcrwin, S. T. C i Metcalf, John G 3 Meyer, Adolph L 6 Miller, Henry C 2 Miller, Jacob' W Minard, Enos G 2 Miner, Charles H., Jr. ... 18 Miner, William P., 2 Z/. . 13 Enlistment. Jan. 23, '64 Dec. 16, '63 Aug. 8, '62 Aug. 4, '62 July 25, '62 July 19, '62 Jan. 4, '64 May 27, '62 June 3, '62 Jan. 17, '64 May 7, '61 Feb. 26, '62 July 15, '62 Nov. 25, '61 Jan. 6, '64 Sept. 27, '61 July 22, '61 May 7, '61 May 7, '61 Oct. 30, '61 Aug. I, '62 Aug. II, '62 Dec. 3, '61 July 22, '61 Oct. I, '61 Dec. 30, '63 Nov. 16, '63 May 20, '62 Jan. I, '64 Aug. 30, '62 Oct. 12, '61 Aug. 13, '6; July 14, '62 July 5, '62 Aug. 4, '62 Sept. 27, '61 Aug. 30, '6: Oct. 12, '61 May 10, '62 Sept. 6, '61 May 28, '62 Aug. 29, '62 July 22, '61 April 22, '61 May II, '61 Sept. 6, '61 May 7, '61 May 7, '61 Aug. 5, '62 Feb. 18, '62 Remarks. V. R. C. M. O. Sept. 22. -65. M. O. Aug. 2, '65. Killed Winchester June 15, "63. M. O. Tune 27, '65. M. O. June 26, '65. Discharged dis. March i, '63. Died An'sonville, Aug. 21, "64. Died May 2, '65. M. O.June 29, '65. Deserted Jan. 10, '65. Corp. 9. Disch. dis. Oct. i6,"62. Deserted March 15, '62. Deserted Aug. 25, '62. Deserted June 10, '64. Deserted Nov. 13, '64. Hon. discharged Oct. 26, "64. M. O. July 19, '65, 2 I.t. 18. M. O. June 27, '65- Corp. 18. M. O. June 27, "65. M. O. Aug. 3, '65. Deserted March 17, '63- Discharged dis. Feb. 18, '63. Died Aug. 18, "63. Deserted July i, '63- Discharged dis. Oct. 16, '62. Discharged dis. June 4, "65- Killed Piedmont June 5, "64. M. O. Aug. 3, '65. Died Jan. 19, '65- M. O. Aug. 17, '63- Died April 18, '63. M. O. May 31, '65. Died Sept. 9, '62. M. O. May 31, '65. M. O. June 27, '65. Died Nov. 12, '62. M. O. Aug. 17, '63- Deserted May 20, '65- M. O. Aug. 3", '65. Killed Morris Iskd Tuh iS, '63. Died April 8, '64. M. O. Aug. 17, '63. M. O. June 14, '65. Capt. 18. M. O. June 27, "65- M. O. Aug. II, '6"i. II. M. O. Dec. 2i,T>5. Sgt. 14. Disch. dis. Nov. 17, '62. Killed Spotsylva'a Mav 18, '64. M. O.Aug. 7, '61. M. O. June 27, '65. Lt. M. O. July 16, '64. GENERAL MUSTER ROLL OF ALL NORWICH SOLDIERS. 3^7 Name and Rank. Regi- ment. 13 1 Art. Cav. 18 3 2 Art. 26 9 2 29 26 Cav. 20 2 Art. 2 Art. 2 I Art. 9 18 II 7 18 26 i 26 29 5 21 iS 21 Enlistment. Remarks. Mitchell, Alfred, Capt.. .. Moan, Owen* Feb. 18, '62 March i, '62 Jan. 4, '64 Aug. 13, '62 May II, '61 Jan. 20, '64 Sept. 9, '62 Sept. 27, '61 May 7, '61 Jan. 2, '64 Aug. 26, '62 Jan. 23, '64 Aug. 30, '64 Jan. 16, '64 Jan. 20, '64 May 7, '61 |an. 15, '64 "Oct. 30, "61 July 19, '62 Oct. 25, '61 Sept. 5, '61 Aug. 7, '62 Oct. 24, '62 July 22, '61 Sept. I, '62 . Sept. I, '62 Oct. 30, '62 Dec. 4, '6i. July 22, '61 Aug. 13, '62 July 16, '62 Aug. 13, '62 Oct. 4, '61 Sept. 2, '61 Aug. 27, '63 Aug. 27, '62 Jan. 23, '64 Sept. 21, '61 May 7, '61 July 31, '62 Aug. 26, '64 Jan. 4, '64 [ulv 31, '62 July 30, '62 Aug. 12, '62 May 7, '61 Aug. 27, '62 July 28, '62 fan. 21, '64 July 25, '63 Sept. 8, '62 Resigned March 11, '64. M. 0. Sept. 25, '65. Killed Winch'ter, Sept. 19, "64. M. 0. June 27, '65. Capt. 8. Discharged May30,'65. Transf. U. S. N. M. 0. Aug. 17,-63. Died July 21, '61. Sgt. 18. M. 0. June 27, '65. Died Jan. 11, '6s. M. 0. Aug. 17, 63. Deserted Feb. 2, '64. Deserted while on way to Regt. M. O.Aug. 18, '61;. M. 0. Sept. 18, '65. Capt. i8. Dismissed Sept. i,'64. M. 0. Sept. 25, '65. Hon. discharged Oct. 26, '64. M. 0. June 27, '65. M. 0. Dec. 21,-65. Transf Sig. Corps Feb. 29, '63. Deserted Aug. i, '63. M. 0. Aug. 17, '63. M. 0. July 19, '65. M.O.Aug. 17.-63. M. 0. Aug. 17, -63. M. 0. Aug. 17, -63. M. 0. Oct. 24, '65. M. 0. July 19, '65. Died March 12, "64. M. 0. June 27, '65. M. 0. June 16, '65. Died Aug. 16, '62. M. 0. Sept. 7, '65. Deserted Oct. 2, "63. M. 0. Aug. 17, "63. M. 0. Aug. 7, -65. Discharged dis. May 5, '63. 2 Lt. 18. M. 0. June 27, '65. M. 0. June 16, '65. M. 0. Oct. 24, '65. M. 0. Aug. 2, -65. M. 0. May 20, -65. M. 0. Juiie 10, "65. M. 0. June 27, '65. Corp. 13. Des. Aug. 30, '64. M. 0. Aug. 17, '63. M. 0. June 27, '65. Transf. U. S. N., April 14, -64. Deserted Aug. 17, '63. M. 0. Aug. 17, '63. Moffett, Albert Moore, Allen L., ^o-/ Moore, James R., Sgt Moore, John Moore, Michael Moninghani, James Monroe, Austin G., Sgt.. . Monroe, Charles H Morgan, Charles D., Corp. IMorris, John Morris, Patrick Morris, Thomas Morris, William C Morrison, John H Morrow, George Morrow, Joseph, Sgt Mossman, Ale.xander Mott, Oramel M.* Mott, Willard L Mowry, Bernard R. (.). . . Mouch, Peter Moush, Adolph* Mulcaley, Michael Mulcaley, Thomas Mulligan, Peter Mumford, Henry Munroe, John C* Murphy, Dennis Murphy, Frank E 9 9 5 26 2 Art. 8 21 29 Cav. 18 18 18 26 iS 2 Art. 14 26 Murphy, Jeremiah* Murphy, John Murphy, Orlando C Murphy, Patrick Murphy, Wm. M., Corp. . Murray, Charles A ]\Iurth'agh, Patrick Musbarue, Henry IMussel, Christian Muzzy, Ben. H Muzzy, Harvey L Muzzy, -Walter II Nash, Eugene S.* Neff, A. Martin Neill, Henry P Nelson, Sam Nelson, William F Newman, Thomas 368 THE NORWICH MEMORIAL. Name and Rank. Regi- ment. Enlistment. Remarks. Newton, Charles J Nichols, Robert* Nicholson, Michael* Nickels, James R., S^^i. . . Nickerson, Jos. H. S^^i. . . Nickerson, Paris R., Corp. 14 13 9 14 II 3 8 II 8 26 26 18 10 2 Art. 8 2 21 14 26 9 14 7 7 14 Cav. 18 18 18 18 7 18 18 2 Art. 18 26 18 30 I Art. 13 Cav. 8 18 26 8 9 9 18 18 29 July 23, '63 Dec. 30, '61 May 22, '63 May 29, '62 Oct. 25, '61 May II, '61 Oct. 2, '61. Nov. 27, '61 Sept. 25, '61 Aug. 29, '62 Aug. 30, '62 Aug. 1 1, '62 Oct. I, '61 Jan. 30, '64 Sept.23, '61 May 7, '61 Aug. 9, '62 July 7, '62 Aug. 30, '62 May 21, '61 July 7, '62 Sept. 5, '61 Sept. 5, '61 July 25, '62 Jan. 5, '64 Aug. 18, '62 July 25, '62 July 12, '62 Aug. 4, '62 Sept. 5, '61 Jan. 14, '64 Aug. 6, '62 Jan. 21, '64 May 7, '61 July 23, '62 Aug. 28, '62 July 17, '62 Jan. 18, '64 May 22, '61 Jan. II, '62 Jan. 22, '64 Sept. 27, '61 May 7, '61 July 16, '62 Aug. 27, '62 Sept. 21, '61 Jan. 10, '63 Oct. 30, '61 Aug. 4, '62 July 28, '62 Jan. 2, '64 Transf. U. S. N. April 23, '64. Deserted Aug. 30, '64. Deserted May 20, '64. Capt. Died of w'ds Feb. 20,'65. Capt. Disch. dis. Oct. 12, '64. M. 0. Aug, II, '61. Discharged dis. Feb. 28, '63. Resigned April 5, '62. Discharged dis. Slay 10, '62. M. 0. Aug. 17, '63. M. 0. Aug. 17, '63. Killed Winch'ster June 15, '64. Hon. discharged Oct. 7, '64. M. 0. Aug. 18, '65. Hon. discharged Sept. 20, '64. M. 0. Aug. 7, '61. M. 0. June 16, '65. Discharged dis. Jan. 12, '63. Cav. M. 0. Aug. 2, '65. M. 0. Aug. 3, '65. M. 0. May 31, '65. M. 0. July 20, '65. Hon. discharged Sept. 12, '65. Died w'ds F'burg, Feb. 10, '63. M. 0. Aug. 2, '65. M. 0. June 27, '65. M. 0. June 27, '65. Capt. "Discharged May 28, '64. M. 0. June 27, '65. Transf. Inv. Corps. M. 0. June 27, '65. M. 0. June 27, '65. U. S. N. April 14, '64. Capt. 32 U. S. C. M. 0. June 27, '65. Died w'ds Pt. Hud. June i, 'Gt,. M. 0. June 27, '65. M. 0. Nov. 7, '65. Hon. discharged May 26, '64. M. 0. April 25, '66. M. 0. Jan. ID, 65. M. 0. April 25, '66. Lt. Col. 18. M. 0. June 27, '65. M. 0. June 27, '65. M. 0. Aug. 17, '63. Lt. M. 0. Dec. 12, '65. Deserted May 20, '64. ^L 0. Aug. 3, '65. M. 0. June 27, '65. Deserted Aug. 30, '62. Deserted March 7, '64. Norris, John H., Lt Northrop, George Norton, George B Noyes, Charles C O'Brien, Edward O'Conner, Cornelius O'Donnell, George O'Donnell, Matthew O'Donnell, Olney O'Neil, David O'Neil James* O'Neil, John Osborne, Charles* Osborne, James Otis, Josiah L. D Palmer, Almon B Palmer, Andrew Palmer, Fred. A., Lt Palmer, Lewis O Palmer Orin V Palmer, Roswell Parker, Henry W Parker, Joseph M Parker, Timothy Parkinson, George Parkus, Simon, Sgt Parrish, William W Patten, Charles* Payne, Burton H Payne, Ichabod S Peale, Henry, Ca/i Pearce, Martin Peck, Seth L Peck, William H.,* Co?-p. Pendergrast, James* Perkins, Chas. W.,* Corp. Perry, Llylon N Peter William GENERAL MUSTER ROLL OF ALL NORWICH SOLDIERS. 369 Name and Rank. Peters, William Peterson, John Phillips, Benjamin F Phillips, Henry T Phillips, Thomas D Phinney, Elisha, A., Surg. Phinney, Henry E Pierce, Thomas H Pitcher, Abner D ...... . Pitcher, Albert H Pitcher, Frank W Pitcher, George Pitcher, George Plunkett, Jos. D., C. Sgl. Porter, Edgar Porter, Saljart M Potter, Charles H Potter, Elisha R Potter, James Potter, MandeviJle A Powers, Richard* Price, Joseph H Price, Orrin M.* Primus, Daniel Purdy, William H Ragan, James Ranger, Richard* Ransom, Henry A Rathbone, Oramel W. . . . Reardon, Patrick Reder, Karl Reed, Albert O Reynolds, John T., *Corp. Reynolds, Samuel W.... Reynolds, William Richards, Charles J Richardson, James L. . . . Rider, James H Riely, Bernard* Riley, John Ringroas, Michael Ripley, George C, Lt . . . Ripley, James D Ripley, Robert A., Lt. . . . Roach, David Roath, Henry G Roberts, George Robinson, Francis Robinson, James A Rockwell, Alfred P., Ca/L Regi- ment. 6 2 Art. Cav. Cav. Cav. 26 13 I Art. 7 14 7 I Art. 18 21 II 26 9 18 26 9 30 13 30 1 Art. 2 Art. 8 8 Cav. 9 Cav. 26 13 18 13 18 Cav. o 9 Art. iS 14 18 13 5 26 2 Art. J14 III ii Bat. Enlistment. Sept. 4, '61 'Jan. 20, '64 ;Oct. 5, '63 I Nov. 18, '62 I Jan. 5, '64 I Nov. I, '62 IJan. 7, '62 :Jan. 4, '64 Sept. 5, '61 [July 23, '62 jSept. 5, '61 [Aug. I, '64 Aug. 4, '62 July 31, '62 Jan. 14, '64 Aug. 30, '62 Nov. I, '61 Aug. 8, '62 May 7, '61 Aug. 30, '62 May 21, '61 Jan. 15, '64 Jan. II, '62 Feb. 15, '64 Jan. 6, '64. Jan. 29, '64 Sept. 21, '61 Sept. 21, '61 Dec. 8, '63 Oct. 12, '61 Dec. 3, '63 Aug. 30, '62 Feb. I, '62 July 14, '62 Jan. 30, '62 Aug. 2, '62 Jan. 19, '64 fan. II, '64 May 31, '62 [an. 20, '64 July 28, '62 Dec. 22, '62 July 17, '62 I)ec. 31, '62 July 22, '61 Sept. II, '62 Jan. 21, '64 July 23, '61 Oct. 24, '61 Jan. 21, '61 Remarks. Discharged dis. July 5, '63. U. S. n": April 14, '64. Deserted Dec. 8, '63. Capt. M. O. Aug. 2, '65. M. O. Aug. 2, '65. M. O. Aug. 17, "63. Hon. discharged fune 6, '65. M. O. Sept. 25, '65. Discharged dis. May 8, '64. M. O. June 27, '65. Hon. discharged Sept. 12, '64. M. O. Sept. 25, '65. M. O. June 27, '65. 2 Lt. Discharged Dec. 20, '62. M. O. Dec. 21", '65. M. O. Aug. 17, '63. Died August 10, '62. M. O. June 9, '65. M. O. Aug. 7, '61. M. O. Aug. 17, '63. M. O. Aug. 3, '65. Deserted June ^o, '64. M. O. April 25, '66. Deserted April 3, '64. M. O. Sept. 25, '65. M. O. Aug. 18, '65. M. O. Dec. 12, '65. Discharged dis. Dec. 3, '62. M. O. July 28, '65. Discharged dis. Oct. 16, '62. Died of wounds July 29, '64. M. O. Aug. 17, '63. M. O. Aug. 5, '65. M. O. June 27, '65. Hon. discharged Jan. 6, '65. M. O. Tune 27, '6*5. Adj. M. O. Aug. 2, '65. Deserted October 8, '64. M. O. Aug. 3, '65. M. O. Sept. 15, '65. Discharged Nov. 23, '63. A. D. C. M. O. Aug. 25, '65. M. O. June 27, '65. Capt. M. O. Jan. 6, '65. Deserted June 7, '62. Transf. Sig. Corps. U. S. N. Discharged dis. March 2, '6^. M. O. Dec. 21, '65. Col. 5. M. O. Feb. 9, '65. B. G. V. Bvt. THE NORWICH MEMORIAL. Name and Rank. Rockwell, Jos. P., S^f. M. Roden, James Roe, Edward* Rogers, Charles L.* Rogers, Eben H Rogers, E. P Rogers, George W., Lt. . Rogers, Horace E Rogers, Joab B., S^.. . . . Ross, Daniel V Ross, Enos C Ross, John Ross, William J., Corp.. Rouse, Charles W., Corp. Rouse, James E.* Rozenblatt, David Ruhl, August* Rvan, James* Ryan John O R)-an, Michael* Ryder, Arthur F., Corp. . Sanders, David* Sanders, Julius* Sanders, Ralph G Sandford, John Sawyer, Silas W., Capt . Schneider, Jacob Schneider, John Schultz, Peter Scholfield, Henry M . . . . Scholfield, Le Grand... Scott, John Scott, Thomas, / /. Selden, Joseph, /,/. Col.. Semples, James W Service, John Service, Thomas Setchel, Charles F.». . . . Setchel, George C Sevin, Nathan D Shalk, Frederick E.... Shaw, Bently, Sgt Shaw, Daniel Sliaw, Jasper A. \\.,Sgt. Shay, John Shay, Michael Shea, James , Shea, John Shea, Michael Sheehan, David D Shelden, George W Regi- ment. 3 21 26 2 Art. 14 II 7 9 9 Cav. : 9 ! 2 i 7 9 18 20 9 14 3 2 Art. I 18 26 2 26 18 18 18 18 18 26 3 18 18 3 14 26 26 13 26 9 I Art. Enlistment. July 26, '(i2 .Sejit. 2, '62 May 24, '62 Oct. 25, '6l May 7, '61 May 7, '61 May 7, '61 May II, '61 May II, '61 Aug. 18, '62 Aug. 30, "62 Jan. 20, '64 July 23, '62 Oct. 25, '61 Sept. 5, '61 May 7, '61 May 24, '62 May 22, '62 Jan. 12, '64 May 22, '62 May 7, '61 Sept. 5, '61 fune 2, '62 Aug, 2, '62 Sept. I, '64 Oct. 30, "61 July 21, '62 May II, '61 Jan. 20, '64 April 22, '61 July 17, '62 "Vug. 30, '62 May 7, '61 Aug. 28, '62 July 26, '62 July 17, '62 Aug. 5, '62 Aug. II, '62 Aug. 2, '62 Aug. 25, '62 May II, '61 Aug. 4, '62 July 25, '62 May II, '61 July 25, '63 Sept. 18, '62 Oct. 17, '62 Jan. 22, "62 Aug. 28, '62 Sept. 27, '61 May 22, "61 Remarks. Capt. June 27, '65. M. O. Aug. 17, '6j. Killed Oct. 19, '64. M. O. Dec. 21, '65. M. O. Aug. 7, "61. Lt. 29. Resigned Aug. 3, '65. Corp. 26. M. O. Aug. 17, '63. 7. Disch. dis. March 10, '63. Capt. Cav. M. O. Feb. 2, '65. M. O. June 2, '65. M. O. Aug. 17, '63. Deserted Feb. 7, '64. Maj. 29. M. O. Oct. 24, "65. Hon. discharged, Oct. 24, '64. Hon. discharged, July 20, '65. Miss'g Bull Run July 21, '61. M. O. Aug. 3, '65. M. O. Aug. 3, '65. Deserted Jan. 21, '64. M. O. Aug. 3, -65. Discharged dis. July 3, '61. Discharged dis. Aug. 7, '65. Discharged dis. Aug. i, '65. V. R. C. Jan. 15, '64. Deserted on way to Regiment. Resigned Feb. 16, '64. Discharged dis. Aug. 31, '64. M. O. Aug. II, '61. II. D.w'ds Ant'm Sept. 28, "62. M. O. June 27, '65, M. O. Aug. 17, '63. Capt. N. Y. Bat. M. O. Aug. 17, '63. M. O. June 27, '65. M. O. June 27, '65. M. O. June 27, '65. M. O. June 27, '65. M. O. June 27, '65. M. O. Aug. 17, '63. Lt. 14. Died w'ds May 6, '64. M. O. June 27, '65. M. O. June 27, '65. M. O. Aug. II, '61. Deserted Aug. 12, '6t,. M. O. Aug. 17, '63. M. O. Aug. 17, '63. Died July''i8, '63. M. O. Aug. 17, '63. Dropped fr. rolls Oct. 3, '64. Hon. discharged. May 26, '64. GENERAL MUSTER ROLL OF ALL NORWICH SOLDIERS 371 Name and Rank. Regi- ment. Enlistment. Remarks. Sheppard, Charles, .9^'/. . . 8 Sept 21, '61 2 Lt. Resigned Feb. 14, '63- Sheppard, Willis D 5 Aug. 18, '63 Deserted July i, '63. Sherman, Horace W.... i8 July 23, '62 M. 0. June 27, '6^. Sherman, William M 2 May 7, '61 Sgt. 26. Died w'ds Ft. H June Sherwood, Stephen Cav. Jan. 23, '64 M. 0. June 10, '65. [2 3/63. Shugrean, Charles 26 Aug. 28, '62 Deserted Dec. 11, '62. Shumwav, Millen iS Aug. 9, '62 M. 0. June 27, '65. SimmcMis, John II iS Julv 22, '62 M. 0. June 27, '65. Simons, Leonard 14 June 9, '62 M. 0. May 31, '65. Simpson, James Cav. Jan. 23, '64 Deserted. Simpson, John 9 Oct. 30, '61 Died Oct. 8, '62. Sizer, Charles O 26 Aug. 30, '62 M. 0. Aug. 17, '63. Smiley, John S 2 May 7, '61 M. 0. Aug. 7, "61. S miley, Lvman 12 Dec. 19, '61 Dischartred dis. Dec. 11, '62. Smith, Au2;ustus F 13 Jan. II, '62 26. M. 0. Aug. 17, '63. Smith, Bradford W 7 Sept. 5, '61 Discharged dis. March 3, '63. Smith, Daniel 30 Jan. 6, '64 M. 0. Nov. 7, '65. M. 0. Aug. 7, '61. Smith, Edward May 7, '61 Smith, Edward 30 Jan. 20,'64 M. 0. Nov. 7, '65. Smith, George Cav. Jan. 22, '64 M. 0. Aug. 2, '65. Smith, George E 2 May, 7, '61 M. 0. Aug. 7, '61. Smith, George S Cav. June 27, '63 M. 0. Aug. 2, '65. Smith, George W 7 Sept. 5, '61 Discharged dis. Jan. 3, '6 2. Smith, James 18 2 Art. Aug. 6, '62 Jan. 22, '64 M. 0. June 27, '65. Deserted Feb. 19, '64. Smith, John Smith, Joiin, Corp 8 Sept. 21, '61 Discharged Sept. 20, '64. Smith, John 20 Sept. I, '64 Deserted on way to Regiment. | Smith, John A 30 Jan. 6, '64 M. 0. Nov. 7, '65. Smith, Joseph 14 Julv 29, '64 Transf. 2 Art. Smith, Gbed G 26 Sept. I, '62 M. 0. Aug. 17, '63. Smith, Stephen A 30 Jan. 25, '64 Died Feb. 23, '64. Smith, Theodore E Cav. Dec. 15, '63 M. 0. Aug. 2, '65. Smith, Thomas II 2 May 7, '61 M. 0. Aug. 7, '61. Smith, William 2 Art. Jan. 19, '64 Discharged dis. June 19, •65. Smith, William R 2 May 7, '61 .M. 0. Aug. 7, '61. Snow, Edward A 2 Art. Feb. 3, '64 M. 0. Aug. 18, '65. Snow, Edwin E "• I Aug. 5, '62 May 7, '61 Discharged Jan. 29, 'dl- Discharged. Snow, Henry L Snvder, Leander 2 Art. Jan. 27, '64 M. 0. Nov. 25, '65. Somerlott, Henry, Sgt. . . 29 Jan. 7, '64 M. 0. Oct. 24, '65. Souter, James II S Oct. 25, '61 Sept. 21, '61 Killed Cold Har. June 3, '64. | Sgt. M. Hon. dis. Sept. 20, '64. | Spaftbrd, L. E. Forrest. . SpalJing, Charles W.^ Lt. May II, '61 Resigned May 20, '61. Spalding, J. L., Si;t. Maj. I April 23 '61 Adj. 29. Resigned Aug. 21 ,•65. Spalding, William H Cav. Jan. 5, '64 Discharged dis. June 30, '65. Spencer, Charles C 21 Aug. 7, '62 V. R. C. M. 0. Sept. 4 ■65- Spencer, Cyrus R 21 Aug. 20, '62 Discharged dis. April 8, 64. Spencer, Orin N iS July 30, '62 M. 0. June 27, '65. Spencer, Robert R - May 7, '61 M. 0. Aug. 7, '61. Spencer, Stephen H 18 July 26, '62 M. 0. June 27, '65. 6 Sept. 6, '61 Deserted June 12, '63. J/- THE NORWICH MEMORIAL. Name and Rank. Regi- Enlistment. Stanley, James, 2 Lt Stanton, George H., Corp. Stanton, John L., Capt . . . Stark, Henry Starret, Mvron W Stanbly, Anthony, Sgt. . . . .Staubly, IMichael Stearns, Charles J Steers, Thomas A Stephenson, Moses Sterry, Tiilly W Stetson, Vine S Stetson, William D.* Stevens, Henry M.* Stewart, Henry Stocket, George Stocking, Theodore B.. . , Stokes, Joseph Strange, William* Strauss, Jacob Studley, George H.* Sullivan, Daniel Sullivan, Daniel B Sullivan, James Sullivan, Jeremiah Sullivan, John O Sullivan, Michael Sullivan, Michael Sullivan, Patrick Summers, F. B Swain, George W., Sgt.. Swan, Henry W Sweet, James H Sweet, James L Tanner, J. Frank Taylor, Charles W.*. . . . Tavlor, Francis W Taylor, Henry II., Corp. Taylor, Samuel Tavlor, William H Teft, William H Tenney, Edward* Terhune, Henry Thecklenburg, ilenry... Thompson, Nlichael.... Thompson, Nelson C . . . , Thompson, William. Thurber, Charles F. . Tiffany, M. V. B 18 18 29 3 I Art. 13 j29 18 ! - 13 3 10 i 9 18 I Art. II 26 21 3 3 18 26 I12 18 1 7 !i8 :l8 18 'J 2 Art. 14 18 July 31, '62 Sept. 21, '61 Aug. 23, '62 May 7, '61 Aug. 27, '62 May 7, '61 Aug. I, '62 May 7, '61 Aug. 21, '62 Dec. 21, '63 May II, '61 May 7, '61 Mch. 15, '62 Jan. 17, '62 Jan. 2, '64 Jan. 2, '64 Aug. II, '62 May 7, '61 jjan. 28, '62 I May II, '61 jOct. I, '61 I Sept. 27, '61 jjuly 25, '62 'Aug. 25,-64 Nov. 17, '64 i Aug. 30, '62 [Aug. 20, '62 jSept. I, '64 I Aug. 28, '62 jMay 7, '61 I May 7, '61 May II, '61 I May II, '61 I Jan. 8, '64 I Aug. 28, '62 j Dec. 28, '61 1 Aug. 7, '62 jSept. 5, '61 I July 22, '62 Ijuly 14, '62 jJuly 25, '62 May 21, '62 Aug. 30, '62 Jan. 29, '64 iAug. 3, '64 [Aug. 4, '62 2 Art. Jan. 19, '64 iS . Jnly 28, '62 ! 2 I May 7, '61 Remarks. Discharged dis. Sept. 20, '64. Discharged dis. Jan. 8, '63. Killed P't Hudson May 27, '6^. M. O. Aug. 7, '61. Missing at Port Hudson, May, 27, '63- Sgt. 18. M. O. June 27, '65. Deserted Aug. 26, '62. M. O. Aug. 7, '61. M. O. June 27, '65. Died of wounds Oct. 27, '64. M. O. Aug. II, '61. Sgt. 26. M. O. Aug. 17, '63. M. O. Sept. 25, '65. M. O. Apr. 25, '66. Killed Petersburg July 7, '64. M. O. May 29, '65. M. O. June 27, '65. Died July 25, '61. Discharged Nov. 20, "65. M. O. Aug. 12, '61. M. O. Aug. 25, '65. Discharged Oct. 26, '64. M. O. May 18, '65. Deserted May 15, '65. Deserted Sept. 17, '65. M. O. Aug. 17, '63. Deserted. Deserted on way to Regiment. M. O. Aug. 17, '63. M. O. Aug. 7, '61. M. O. Aug. 7, '61. 13. Discharged dis. June 5, '6^. Trans. Sig. Corps Nov. 26. '63. Discharged dis. Mch. 25, '65. M. O. Aug. 17, '63. M. O. Aug. 12, '65. Died Mch. 28, '65. Hon. discharged Sept. 12, "64. M. O. June 27, '65. Discharged June i, '64. M. O. May 30, '65. Deserted July 17, '64. Discharged dis. Feb. 18, '63. M. O. Aug. iS, '65. Deserted Aug. 20, '64. Died of wounds (Winchester) June 30, '63. Transf. U. S. N. M. O. June 27, '65. Capt. 18. M. O. June 27, "65. GENERAL MUSTER ROLL OF ALL NORWICH SOLDIERS. 373 Name and Rank. Regi- ment. Enlistment. Remarks. Tift, John H l8 Aug. 4, '62 M. 0. June 27, '65. Tilden, Eucjene S I Art. Mch. 20, '62 Discharged dis. Jan. 29, '6;^. Tinc;ley, John H 2 Mav 7, '61 2 Lt. I Art. Res. Dec. 31, '62. Tisdale, Edward F 9 Nov. 25, '61 Cav. Died Andersonville, Sept. 29, '65. Tisdale, T-imes W i8 July 29, '62 M. 0. June 27, '65. Toft, Luther I Art. May 21, '61 Jan. 2, '64 Deserted Aug. 26, '62. Tomlinson, Benjamin L.. 29 M. 0. Oct. 24, '65. Tomlinson, Richard 26 Nov. I, '62 M. 0. Aug. 17, '63. Toomey, Patrick 21 Aug. 20, '62 M. 0. June 16, '65. [7, '63. I Art. Discharged dis. Mch. Toomey, Thomas 2 May 7, '61 Torbush, Joseph li., Corp. 26 Aug. 30, '62 M. 0. Aug. 17, '63. I Art. Jan. 15, '64 July 17, '62 M. 0. Sept. 25, '65. Lt. Col. 29. M. 0. Oct. 24, '65. Torrance, David, Sgt. 18 Torrance, James 3 May II, '61 Sgt. 13. Killed Port Hudson May 24, '63. Tourtellotte, Marvin 18 July 25, '62 Discharged dis. Feb. 15, '64. Town, George S 2 Mav 7, '61 Sgt. 18. M. O.June 27, '65. Town, William H iS Aug. 7, '62 Died March 28, '64. Tracy, Benj. F., Qr. Mr.. 26 Sept. I, '62 M. 0. Aug. 17, '63. Tracy, Joseph A 18 Aug. 7, '62 Died of wounds Aug. 7, '64. Tracv, Timothy W., Lt. . . 26 Aug. 26, '62 M. 0. Aug. 17, '6v Trainor, Charles* 9 May 21, '62 Deserted July 17, '64. Trainor, Feli.x 26 Aug. 28, '62 M. 0. Aug. 17, '63. Treadway, Russell* 12 Nov. 28, '61 M. 0. Aug. 12, '65. Treadwav, John F Cav. Jan. 4, '64 Died Andersonville, Aug. 3, '64. Trenn, Charles K.T.,Cor/>. 18 Aug. 9, '62 M. 0. May 30, '65. Trinnier, Richard 3 May II, '61 18. M. 0. June 27, '65. Truman, Frank M iS Dec. 16, '63 Deserted Nov. 27, '64. Tuhhs, Charles A 14 June 9, '62 M. 0. May 31, '65. Tubbs, William H., C\ipf. 14 June 15, '62 Resigned Feb. 20, '63. Tucker, John 26 Sept. 6, '62 Deserted Nov. 16, '62. Turner, Samuel 2 Art. Jan. 29, '64 Deserted Feb. 10, '64. Tyler, Daniel, Co/ I Apr. 23, '61 B. G. V. Resigned Apr. '64. Tvler, Edwin L., 2 Z/. . . . I Art. Mch. 29, '62 Resigned Aug. 19, '64. ['64. Tvler, Moses 14 30 July 15, '62 Jan. 4, '64 Died Andersonville, Apr. 14, Disch. dis. Feb. 9, '65. Underhill, Joseph Upham, Benjamin M 18 Aug. 6, '62 V. R. C. Jan. i, 65. Upham, George R 18 July iS, '62 M. 0. June 27, '65. Varney, Israel 18 Julv 16, '62 Died Florence S.C. Feb.,10,'65. Vergason, Erastus 10 Oct. I, '61 Killed Roanoake Island, Feb. 8, '62. M. 0. Aug. 17, '6;^. Vergason, Isaac D 26 Aug. 30, '62 Vergason, James H 3 May II, '61 1 M. 0. Aug. II, '61. Volkman, Ferdinand 6 Sept. 6, '61 1 Died Beauf't, S. C. Oct. 21, '62. Wait. Marvin, L.' 8 ; Oct. 5, '61 ! Killed Antietam, Sept. 17, '62. Walden, Oliver 8 8 Sept. 21, '61 Sept. 21, '61 Discharged dis. March iS, '62. M. 0. Dec. 12, "65. Walden, Winthrop Walden, William Henry. | 2 May 7, '61 M. 0. Aug. 7, '61. Walker, Charles H.* ' 8 Sept. 21, '61 M. 0. Dec. 12, '65. Wallace, William 18 Aug. 14, '62 Deserted Aug. 22, '62. 374 THE NORWICH MEMORIAL. Name and Rank. Regi- ment. Enlistment. Remarks. Ward, David 7 i8 3 i8 21 Cav. 30 II II 26 18 Cav. Cav. 2 Art. 9 18 12 12 18 18 7 Cav. 18 6 30 20 Cav. 8 18 2 I Art. 3 26 18 18 I Art. 18 10 8 I Art. 18 II 26 8 26 3 Nov. 25, '64 Aug. 6, '62 May II, '61 July 16, '62 May 7, '61 Aug. 14, '62 Jan. 23, '64 May 7, '61 Jan. 18, '64 Oct. 25, '61 Oct. 25, '61 Aug. 29, '62 Aug. 7, '26 Oct. 26, '61 Jan. 19, '64 Jan. 20, '64 Oct. 30, '61 Aug. 6, '62 Dec. 7, '61 May 7, '61 Nov. 20, 61 Jan. 3, '65 Aug. II, '62 May 7, '61 Sept. 5, '61 Jan. 4, '64 Aug. 4, '62 Sept. 6, '61 Jan. 6, '64 Sept. I, '64 Jan. 30, '64 Sept. 23, '61 July 23, '62 May 7, '61 Jan. 13, '64 May II, '61 Aug. 30, '62 July 23, '62 Aug. 17, '62 Jan. 4, '64 July 21, '62 Oct. 9, '61 Oct. 5, '61 Jan. 14, '64 , fuly 12, '62 Jan. 13, '64 Aug. 30, '62 Sept. 21, '61 Aug. 30, '62 May 7, '61 May II, '61 M. 0. July 20, '65. Died Andersonville, Feb. 6, "6:;. Col. 8. M. 0. March 13, '65." M. 0. Jiuie 27, '65. M. 0. Aug. 7, '61. M. 0. June 16, '65. Deserted Feb. 2, '64. M. 0. Aug. 7, '61. M. 0. Nov. 7. '65. Discharged dis. May 5, '62. Discharged dis. May 7, '62. M. 0. Aug. 17, '63.' M. 0. June 27, '65. Discharged dis. Oct. 9, '62. Deserted Feb. 5, '64. M. 0. Aug. 18, '65. Died Aug. 14, '62. M. 0. June 27, 65. Discharged dis. Aug. 11, '62. M. 0. Aug. 7, '61. Deserted June i, '65. M. 0. June 27, '65. M. 0. June 27, '65. M. 0. Aug. 7, '61. M. 0. July 20, '65. M. 0. Aug. 2, '65. M. 0. June 27, '65. Killed Ft. Wagner July iS, '63. M. 0. Nov. 7, '65. Deserted while on way to Regt. Deserted Feb. 5, '64. Discharged dis. Aug. 2, '62. Discharged Feb. 18, '64. 26. M."0. Aug. 17, '63. M. 0. Sept. 25, '65. Adj. 13. Resigned Oct. 9, '63. M. 0. Aug. 17, '63. Accidentally shot Jan. 5, '63. Discharged dis. May S, '65. M. 0. Sept. 25, '65. M. 0. June 27, '65. M. 0. Aug. 25, '65. M. 0. Dec. 12, '65. M. 0. Sept. 2q, '65. [30, '65. Capt.43. U.SrC.T. M.O.Nov. Discharged dis. March 19, '65. M. 0. Aug. 17, '63. M. 0. Dec. 12, '65. M. 0. Aug. 17, '63. M. 0. Aug. 7, '61. M. 0. Aug. II, '61. Ward, George W Ward, John E., Lt Ward, fames Warden, Alexander Warren, George Warren, Henry Warren, Walter P Washington, George Watson, Jonathan Watson, Myron Webb, Charles Webb, William II., Corp. ^Velch, George H Welch, John Welch, Thomas Welden, Patrick Weller, Tohn Wells, John W Wenlick, Frank West, George W.,* Sgt. . Wetherel, Benjamin S . . . Whaley, George G W^heatlev, Charles ■ Wheelock, William H.*. Whipple, John A White, Edwin White, Frank White, Isaac White, Mortimer White, William Whiteley, Henry A Whiting, Andrew F Whitmore, Horace W.. . . Whittlesey, George W. . . Wight, Edgar, S Wilber, Daniel Wilber, John A Wilbm-, Edward O Wilcox, Gordon, Corp.. . . Wilcox, Stephen E.*.... Wilco.x, Sylvaniis J.*. . . . Wilkins, George W Wilkinson, Jesse I)., Corp. Willard, R(!)bert. .. Williams, Calvin Williams, Charles M.*. . . Williams, Eri Williams, George E Williams, George E GENERAL MUSTER ROLL OF ALL NORWICH SOLDIERS. 375 Name and Rank. Regi- ment. Williams, George S Williams, I. V.H., (?/-..!/.. Williams, James Williams, John Williams, John Williams, John* Williams, John Williams, John H., Corp. Williams, John W Williams, Julius Williams, William Williams, William E Wilson, De Laroo Wilson, George Wilson, James Wilson, James Wilson, James* Wilson, James, Corp Winship, Joseph H Wiserth. George Wolf, Henrv Wood, Alfred Wood, Asa F Wood, George Wood, Henry W^ood, Horace B Wood, fohn Wood, John W Woodward, William H.. Wright, Franklin S Wright, Henry C Wright, Sylvanus Yale, Russell* Yerrington, Henry P. . . . Yerrington, Perry "S'ork, James E York, Nathan Young, Adam, Corp.... Young, Charles Young, David, Lt. Col. . Young, Robert Zamphiropoios, Michael. Cav. 2 Art. 2 Art. 9 26 3o 2 Art. 26 2 Art. 1 Art. iS 2 Art, 8 14 12 3° iS Cav. iS i8 i8 2 Art. 13 2 Art. Enlistment. i8 July 23, '63 Apr. 22, '61 Jan. 4, '64 Jan. 20, '64 Jan. 29, '64 May 24, '62 Aug. 30, '62 Jan. 22, '64 Jan. 21, '64 Aug. 30, '62 Feb. I, '64 Mch. 20, '62 Aug. II, '62 Jan. 30, '64 Sept. I, '63 July 25, '63 Jan. 21, '62 Jan. 27, '64 Aug. II, '62 Jan. 22, '64 Aug. II, '62 July 23, '62 Aug. 6, '62 Jan. 29, '64 Jan. 7, '62 Feb. 4, '64 Jan. 7, '62 Dec. 5, '61 Aug. 30, '62 Aug. 17, '62 Aug. 30, '62 Oct. 25, '61 Dec. 22, '61 June 9, '62 Sept. 5, '61 July 30, '62 Aug. 30, '62 Sept. 6, '61 May 7, '61 May 7, '61 July 25, '62 Feb. I, '64 Remarks. M. O. Nov. 7, '65. Qr.M. 6th Reg. Resigned May M. O. Aug. 2, '65. [11, '63. M. O. Aug. iS, '65. M. O. Aug. 18, '65. Deserted Jan. 10, '65. M. O. Aug. 17, '63. M. O. Nov, 7, '65. Deserted Feb. 13, '64. M. O. Aug. 17, '63. M. O. Aug. iS, '65. Discharged dis. Dec. 18, '62. Qr. M.30. M. O.Nov. 7, '65 . Deserted Feb. 14, '64. Deserted Sept. 11, '63. Transf. U. S. N. Deserted March 17, '64. M. O. June 27, '65. Died Andersonville Apr. 5, '64. Deserted Feb. 12, '64. M. O. June 27, '65. M. O. June 27, '65. M. O. June 27, '65. Deserted Feb. 14, '64. Discharged dis. July 29, '62. Died Richmond, Va., Dec. 27, '64. Discharged dis. June 17, '63. Died of wounds (Antietam). M. O. Aug. 17, '63. Discharged dis. Jan. 26, '65. M. O. Aug. 17, '63. Deserted Nov. 25, '62. Deserted Jan. 30, '66. Died of wounds (Antietam) Sept. 21, '62. Hon. discharged Sept. 15, '64. M. O. Tune 27, '65. M. O. Aug. 17, '63. Hon. discharged Sept. 5, '64. I Art. M. O. SepL 25, '65. M. O. Aug. 7, 61. M. O. Tune 27, 65. V. R. C. April 23, '65. The names of "miassigned recruits" are not given in this "roll" ; they were l'<.r the most part unworthy substitutes, who enlisted lor the sake of the bounty, and, wiih few exceptions, never served in their regimerts. XVII. SOLDIERS' MONUMENT. — ACTION OF THE TOWN. "Joint saviors of the land, to-day Wliat guerdon ask you of the land? No boon too great for you to pray — What can it give that could repay The men we miss from our worn band ? The men who lie in trench and swamp, The dead who rock beneath the wave — The brother-souls of march and camp — Bright spirits — each a shining lamp. Teaching how nobly die the brave. " WHEN the struggle for the Nation's life was over, and the flag of the Union everywhere waved in triumph, then it was that the country began fairly to realize its in- debtedness to those whose self-sacrificing courage and heroic battling had achieved the victory. The soldiers had indeed been welcomed home with every sign of popular rejoicing, all had united in extending to the brave men who had survived the conflict the heartiest greeting, but the pro- found gratitude of the people craved some more enduring expression. The memory of the triumphs of our citizen- soldiery deserved to be perpetuated, and the national grati- tude began to incarnate itself in monuments which should tell the story of the war. Art, which had been able to embellish the castles of king and noble, and had erected its memorials in the great cathedrals and cities of the Old World was invoked to do honor to the heroes of our se- cured liberties. The most enduring memorial of the service of those /// '/• /r//r /r.j/ //n/} ////-> ///