COPYRIGHT DEPOSnV TOei ,08 YAM ,JAIVmSLTY AG. OMIKaiO aiiT 7x0 EXTERIOR OF THE OLD UNIVERSITY BUILDING AS IT APPEARED ON THE OPENING DAY OF THE CENTENNIAL, MAY 30, 1907 1807 1907 Omnia probate Bonum tenete The Centennial Celebration OF THE Foundation OF THE University of Maryland May 30 and 31 June 1 and 2 1907 Memorial Volume PUBLISHED BY THE WILLIAMS & WILKINS COMPANY BALTIMORE 1908 LJ) ^ ^ H^ Copyright 1908 by The Regents of the University of Maryland JUL 30 1909 To the Honorable Board of Regents of the University of Maryland. Gentlemen: In compliance with your recommendations of May, 1907, for the publication of the ceremonies, events and transactions, etc., of the Centennial Celebration of this University, May 30 to June 2, 1907, inclusive, the undersigned have the honor to present this volume, during the editing of which they have endeavored to be guided by the motto of our University '' Omnia autem probate, quod bonum est tenete." Respectfully, John C. Hemmeter, M.D., Phil.D., LLD. Editor. Samuel Claggett Chew, M.A., M.D., LL.D, John Prentiss Poe, LL.D, Charles Caspari, Jr., Ph.D. Isaac H. Davis, M.D., D.D.S. Thomas Fell, Ph.D., LL.D. Committee. ^ CONTENTS Prolegomena 9 Events leading up to the organization for the Centennial Celebration ..... 12 The Regents Committee in charge of the Celebration 12 Decision of the Regents to hold the Centennial Celebration in May, 1907 13 The Alma Mater issues her First Call 16 A Prelude to the University of Maryland Centennial and Academic Concert by the Germania Msennerchor Society 17 Preliminary Mass Meeting of Alumni of all Departments, January 22, 1907 ... 19 The Chairmen of the Committees in charge of the various features of the Celebration 20 Addresses at the Mass Meeting, January 22, 1907 Opening Address by Henry M. Wilson, M.D., Alumnus 1850 22 Address of Welcome by H. H. Biedler, M.D 24 The Renaissance of the University of Maryland, by J. C. Hemmeter, Phil.D., M.D., LL.D 26 Chair of Medicine in the University of Maryland, by Samuel C. Chew, M.D., LL.D 37 The Department of Law, by John Prentiss Poe, LL.D 45 The History of the Department of Dental Medicine, by J. S. Gorgas, M.D., D.D.S 51 The Department of Pharmacy, by Charles Caspari, Jr., Ph.D 56 The Department of the Arts and Sciences, by President Thomas Fell, of St. John's College, Annapolis 58 Retrospect and Results of the Mass Meeting held January 22, 1907 61 Additions to the Endowment Fund 63 Proceedings of the Centennial Committee and Preparations leading up to the first day of the Celebration. 65 The Engraved Invitation Mailed to all Universities of this Country and Europe, and to all Alumni 67 Synopsis of ceremonies commemorating our One-Hundredth Anniverary .... 68 The Opening Day of the Centennial Celebration, Thursday, May 30, 1907 70 The Convocation and Homage to Our Alma Mater 71 Address of Welcome to the representatives of other Universities 74 Reading of Academic Greetings 76 Cablegrams from the Universities of Tokio , St. Petersburg, etc 80 Presentation of Greetings from Georgetown University, Washington 80 Presentation of Greetings from the Philadelphia College of Pharmacy 83 Address by Mr. J. Harry Tregoe 85 Address of Welcome by Samuel C. Chew, M.D., LL.D 87 Partial list of Guests Attending the Opening Meeting, May 30 92 Luncheon and reception by the Women's Auxiliary of the University Hospital May 30 94 b CONTENTS Membership of this Association 96 Class dinners, reunions and smokers 97 Reunion of the Class '72, Medical Department 98 Reunion of the Class '73, Medical Department 98 Reunion of the Class '82, Medical Department 99 Reunion of the Class '84, Medical Department 99 Reunion of the Class '90, Medical Department 99 Reunion of the Class '95, Medical Department 99 Reunion of the Class '96, Medical Department 99 Reunion of the Class '97, Medical Department 99 Reunion of the Class '00, Medical Department 100 Reunion of the Class '02, Medical Department 100 Reunion of the Class '07, Medical Department 100 The decoration of the buildings and halls 100 The academic ceremonies at the Lyric, Friday, May 31 102 Description of the assemblage and the academic procession 103 The Chancellor of the University, His Excellency, Edwin Warfield, Governor of the State, opens the festivities 107 Address by President Francis Landy Patton 108 Conferring of the degrees by the Chancellor 124 Presentation of the candidates for the degree of Bachelor of Arts and Bachelor of Sciences, by the Dean of the Faculty of Arts and Sciences 124 Presentation of the candidates for the degree of Doctor of Medicine, by the Dean of the Faculty of Physic 124 Presentation of candidates for degree Bachelor of Laws by the Dean of the Faculty of Law 126 Presentation of the candidates for the degree of Doctor of Dental Surgery by the Dean of the Faculty of Dentistry 127 Presentation of candidates for the degree of Doctor of Pharmacy, by the Dean of the Faculty of Pharmacy 129 The University Ode 130 Address by G. Stanley Hall, M.A., Ph.D., LL.D., President of Clark Uni- versity 132 The Performance of "Hygeia," an Academic Ode 146 The bestowal of honorary degrees 147 Presentation of Candidates for Honorary Degrees, Master of Arts, Eugene F. Cordell, B. Merrill Hopkinson, Richard L. Simpson 149, 150 Doctors of Pharmacy, Charles E. Dohme, John F. Hancock, Henry P. Hynson 150 Doctors of Medicine, Thomas C. Gilchrist 150 Doctors of Science, Alexander C. Abbot, Charles P. Noble, N. G. Keirle, J. Homer Wright, J. Ford Thompson, Isaac S. Stone, Henry D. Fry, Henry J. Berkley, J. Whitridge Williams 150, 152 Doctors of Law, Chief Judge James McSherry 152 Granville Stanley Hall 153 Francis Landey Patton 154 William Travis Howard 154 Samuel Claggett Chew 155 William James Mayo 157 Major James Carroll 157 CONTENTS 7 General Walter Wyman 158 Samuel James Meltzer 158 William Thomas Councilman 159 William Townsend Porter 159 Simon Flexner 159 Doctor of Laws, in absentia, Geheimrath Prof. Carl Anton Ewald, Berlin 167 Doctor of Sacred Theology, Right Rev. Luther B. Wilson 160 Academic banquet on May 31 161 Description of the banquet assemblage 164 Toasts and responses at the banquet 168 Opening of the symposium by John Prentiss Poe 169 Toasts : "The President of the United States," by Attorney-General Bonaparte 170 "The State of Maryland," by the Chancellor of the University, Governor Edwin Warfield 171 "The City of Baltimore," by Mayor J. Barry Mahool 173 "Our Guests," Hon. WiUiam Pinkney White 175 President Francis Landey Patton 177 Dr. Wilham S. Thayer 181 " The University of Maryland," by Chief Judge Harlan 183 " Our Alumni," by Hon. William Cabell Bruce 188 " Our Centennial," by Prof. John C. Hemmeter 194 " Woman" by Mr. Folger McKinsey 197 St. John's Day, the Pilgrimage to Annapolis 199 Program of exercises of Saturday, June 1 200 Address of John Wirt Randall 201 Address of Prof. John C. Hemmeter 208 Presentation of the Bronze Memorial Shield, in commemoration of the affiliation of St. John's College with the University of Maryland 209 Reply, by Pres. Thomas Fell, Ph.D. LL.D 211 The fourth and concluding day of the Celebration 213 Baccalaureate Sermon by Bishop Luther B. Wilson, alumnus Department of Medicine 217 Reply and acknowledgment of the Regents to the Presidents, Chancellors and Senates, of all Universities that were represented in person or by academic greeting 221 Acknowledgment and thanks of the Regents to the General Centennial Committee 221 Address of thanks of the Regents to the Pastor and board of trustees of Mt. Vernon M. E. Church 221 Address of thanks of the Regents to the Ladies' Reception and Entertain- ment Committee and the Women's Auxiliary of the University Hospital 222 In Memoriam: James Carroll, M.D., LL.D., of the U. S. A. Yellow Fever Commission, discoverer of the transmission of Yellow Fever by the bite of the mos- quito Stegomyia Fasciata, by the Editor 223 Chief Judge James McSherry, LL.D 253 WiUiam Travis Howard, M.D., LL.D., by Prof. Samuel C. Chew 265 The Music of the Centennial, see pages 17, 18, 102, 103, 107, 130, 146, 147, 168 YTisHavmu aHT '-■r .cmAJYiiAM HIS EXCELLENCY, EDWIN W. WARFIELD, GOVERNOR OF MARYLAND, CHANCELLOR OF THE UNIVERSITY PROLEGOMENA TO THE CENTENNIAL MEMORIAL VOLUME, UNIVERSITY OF MARYLAND It is an undecided question whether history makes the man, or whether the man, i.e., forceful personality makes history. In the same manner, it is still undecided whether men make universities, or universities make men. Very probable it is, that no hard and fast conclusion will repre- sent the absolute truth in this respect, but that the forces are active from both aspects. Men do make history and history does make men; and similarly men create univer- sities and universities make men. What a powerful factor in the development of a nation universities can be is demonstrated by the histories of the older American universities and the potential intellectual forces that have emanated from them. This is also evident from the his- tory of the University of Maryland, as given in the History of Education in Maryland, by Bernard C. Steiner, Ph.D., (Contribution to the American Educational History, United States Bureau of Education). It is also shown in the history of the University of Maryland by Prof. Eugene F. Cordell, M.A., M.D., Baltimore, 1891; and also a much larger history by the same author, published in two volumes by the Lewis Publishing Company, New York. It is not the intention of the editor to give a review of the history of our institution. Those interested will find abundant material in the volumes just quoted, and many references will be [contained in the addresses presented in the following pages. At the very outset, however, of this work, one of the principal objects of which is to 10 THE CENTENNIAL CELEBRATION give a representation of the University of Maryland of the past and of today, it is necessary to ask ourselves whether as a university we really represent as potent a factor in the business of education as we should. Up to the present time, when we were asked to give information concerning our work, we triumphantly pointed to our past existence, our present being, and the prospects of our continuance; and yet these factors are inadequate to fill out the characteristics, the substance and essence of a university. True it is that great scientific men have emanated from the University of Maryland, men who as the roll of honorary degrees conferred May 31, 1907, will show have become heads of departments in the oldest and most celebrated universities of this country (University of Pennsylvania and Harvard), true it is that contribu- tions of enduring excellence have been made by professors and alumni of this University to the departments of Medi- cine, Law, Pharmacology, etc. ; but yet the most impor- tant question of the day is, not what this University has been, not what it is today, but what it should be. For one of our greatest dangers in the past was that subtle and sweet self-satisfaction, a most delusive self-content- ment. To a large extent this has hold of us still, and prevents progress. To return to the question of what a university should be. It should be the home of idealism in its truest and noblest sense. Other human institutions may exert themselves in the interest of science, of art, of morality and of progress, but. they seek this knowledge in order that it should be useful, they seek art in order that it should please and morality in order that it should enhance the comfort of humanity, and progress they seek in order that it should serve to some advantage ; but the true uni- versity spirit strives to attain the beautiful, the good and the true, for its own sake — not because it is useful, but UNIVERSITY OF MARYLAND 11 because it is everlastingly valuable — not because it brings pleasure, but because duty commands every intelligent human being to cooperate at the construction of a world of permanent values — values in the intellectual and sub- jective sense. This is the idea which is at the foundation of the structure of universities, and the only real justifi- cation for their existence. Through the university intel- lectual culture comes to exert a telhng effect in the activi- ties of life. In the absence of universities, or even in universities where the true university spirit does not exist, the objective and so-called practical purposes of life tend to thwart intellectual culture, free development of the will and arrest nobility of thought. In a nation where the applied and industrial capacities of the race have reached such an amazing development as in the United States, there is great danger that opin- ions concerning the object of human life may become confused. The chief object of human life is then likely to develop into an irresistible tendency towards material acquisition. The Divine Master and the greatest teachers of our race have at all times, and among all nations, impressed upon us the fallacy of this idea. Acquisition is the aim, the sole aim of the exalted ego ; it is an individ- ual and egotistic tendency; and whilst to a certain extent necessary under the conditions in which the human race is living at present, it is one of the duties of universities to ever and anon uphold the philosophy of high ideals, that morality is self-control and self-conquest and the subordination of individual and personal tendencies beneath and under the forces that tend to elevate the race as a whole. This is effected largely by teaching that w^e must love that which is good, that which is true, and that which is beautiful, and seek to attain it, not because these things are useful, but for their own sake. '0 ij.zv fiioq ^payh'z ij Si riyi^jt] 1j.a7.pa. — Hippocrates. John C. Hemmeter, Editor. 12 THE CENTENNIAL CELEBRATION EVENTS LEADING UP TO ORGANIZATION FOR THE CENTENNIAL CELEBRATION In the University Hospital Bulletin for March 15, 1906, the Editor said: "Viribus Unitis." — "With united forces/^ this must be the motto of all University of Maryland Alumni, Legal, Dental, Pharmacal, and Medi- cal, and even of all undergraduate students in the vigorous preparation for the hundredth anniversary of our dear Alma Mater. Success can only be accomplished if all these forces pull together with the professors and regents; even the most modest student must feel it his duty to contribute something, and to the best of his ability. If he cannot contribute anything else, let him at least contribute his enthusiasm. The students of all classes of all departments should hold meetings during the month of March, and organize for the purpose of adding their small building blocks to the mighty festival structure which shall commemorate the centennial of the University of Maryland. The regents of the University of Maryland have appointed the following committee to have charge of all preparations for the festival : W. Calvin Chestnut, LL.B.; Edgar H. Gans, LL.B.; John P. Poe, LL.D.; R. Dorsey Coale, Ph.D. ; Charles W. Mitchell, M.A., M.D.; David M. R. Culbreth, Ph.G., M.D.; John C. Hemmeter, M.D.,Th.D., LL.D., Chairman. On the 21st of February, Professor Hemmeter called a meeting of all the committees of the adjunct faculty, the Medical Alumni Association and the Alumni Associa- tions of the other departments of the University to confer with the above committee concerning the best way to make befitting preparations for the celebration of the one hundredth anniversary of the University of Mary- land. At that time the regents had decided that in strict accord with the history of the institution only UNIVERSITY OF MARYLAND 13 the centennial of the Medical department could be held in 1907. By request of all the Alumni attending the meeting of February 21, the regents were induced to reconsider this matter, and on February 27 a very largely attended meeting of the regents met for this purpose, at the offices of Prof. John P. Poe. The following resolution was unanimously passed on that occasion : MEETING OF REGENTS OF THE UNIVERSITY OF MARYLAND, FEBRUARY 27, 1906. Prof. J. C. Hemmeter in the Chair, Prof. John P. Poe, Secretary. After an explanation of the object of the meeting by the chairman. Professor Poe moved. Resolved, That it is the sense of the Regents in council assembled that, inasmuch as the School of Medicine, organ- ized in 1807 , was the foundation of the University of Mary- land, by the annexation to it of other departments, a centen- nial celebration of the whole University may properly be held in the year 1907. This motion was unanimously carried. There was, there- fore, no further doubt regarding the scope and extent of a festival to be held in May, 1907. It was to take in the entire University of Maryland. The medical regents, notwith- standing all reports to the contrary, were always, and with one accord, in favor of this view of the celebration. It was owing to an opinion given by the most prominent regents of the law 'department (Messrs. Bernard Carter, Edgar H. Gans, and John P. Poe), that the medical regents reluctantly gave up the hope of celebrating the event of 1907 as one comprising all departments of the University. Even at the last meeting of the regents Professor Poe expressed the opinion that the extension of the centennial 14 THE CENTENNIAL CELEBRATION idea to embrace all the departments of the University was one by construction. Be that as it may, we need the help of all departments alike, especially of the law department and all of its Alumni. The Alumni of the department of law should feel it their duty to aid in this celebration, for it is also the hundredth anniversary of their University. Let us see how the legal brethren that have emanated from this institution will prove their loyalty to it. The sentiment, of the faculty of medicine concerning the celebration is clearly portrayed in the address of welcome by Prof. Hem- meter on February 21, which was as follows: Fellow Alumni and Friends: The most pleasant duty in calling this meeting to order is to extend to you academic greeting. Be cordially welcomed and assured of the friendship of the regents of the Faculty of Physics. This representative meeting is not a response to a general call to the Alumni, but only to special invitations sent to committees elected by the various faculties, the adjunct faculties and the various Alumni Associations. I hope we shall have a larger and general meeting in the near future as a result of a call to all Alumni that can reach the Alma Mater by a few hours' trip on the railroad. To the committee of our Washington Alumni Association — an ornament to this University and active factor in the pro- gress of medical science at our National Capital — I desire to express a warm welcome and assurance of our joy at this manifestation of their loyalty. Too seldom have these reunions been held at the hearth of our intellectual mother. Let us recognize the beauty and power of true enthusiasm and whatever we may conclude to do, for the purpose of celebrating the 100th Anniversary of our Alma Mater, let us guard against UNIVERSITY OF MARYLAND 15 checking or chilling a single earnest sentiment. A univer- sity is not an aggregate of buildings, but of thinking men of human minds. And what is the human mind — however enriched with acquisitions or strengthened by exercise — when unaccompanied by an ardent and sensitive heart? Its light may illumine, but it cannot inspire. Knowledge without a heart may shed a cold and moonlight radiance upon the path of life — but it warms no mental flower into bloom, it sets forth no ice-bound fountains of conservatism. Dr. Johnson has often been quoted as saying that an ob- stinate rationality and conservatism prevented him from being a Papist. Does not the same cause prevent many of us from unburdening our hearts and breathing our devotions at the shrine of our Alma Mater— obstinate rationality and conservatism not only among the Alumni, but also among our regents and faculties? There are influences which environ humanity and all leading insti- tions which are too subtle for the dissecting knife of reason. Let us see whether we cannot make these influ- ences a means of blessing to our present purposes. Let us be in our better moment clearly conscious of our loyalty to fellow-alumni and to the University, and if there is any barrier to sentiment and friendship, may God con- vert it into a blessing. The object of this meeting is to make befltting prep- arations for the celebration of the 100th Anniversary of the University of Maryland. The regents have determined to hold such a celebration in May, 1907, and they desire your advice and assistance for this purpose. I cannot conceive of the conclusion of one century of glorious history and meritorious work and the entering upon a new one without the accomplishment of some great object to the advantage of the future of the Univer- sity, and this should be a warmer, closer relation with the 16 THE CENTENNIAL CELEBRATION alumni and the foundation of an Alumni professorship; that is the endowment of a professorial chair by the Alumni and that be filled by vote of the Alumni. Let us then begin a great work "Viribus unitis.'^ THE ALMA MATER ISSUES HER FIRST CALL. The first call to the Alumni of the U. of Md. inviting them to initiate the movement for a convocation of all living alumni was issued February 21, 1906, by Prof. John C. Hemmeter. The following is a copy of this announcement : ONE HUNDREDTH ANNIVERSARY 1807 MAY 1907 University of Maryland Baltimore, February, 1906. Fellow Alumnus, Dr Dear Colleague: The undersigned Committee of the Regents of the University of Maryland invites your presence at a Council of representatives of all administrati-^e and teaching organizations, as well as of the various Alumni Associations of this University, on Wednesday, February the twenty-first, at eight p. m., in the University Building, N. E. Cor. Greene and Lombard Streets, with a view of organizing all above representatives and other friends, for the purpose of a celebration in May, 1907, of the One Hundredth Anniversary of the Oldest Univer- sity in the State of Maryland and one of the oldest in America. The hour has come for the loyal sons to assert the dignity and importance of their Alma Mater. To emphasize its work in the his- tory of Education in Maryland, in the rehef of suffering and cure of disease, and to elevate this University to a higher plane of Academic usefulness and influence. Yours cordially, W. Calvin Chestnut, LL.B. R. Dorsey Coale, Ph.D. Edgar H. Gans, LL.B. Charles W. Mitchell, M.A., M.D. John P. Poe, LL.D. David M. R. Culbreth, Ph.G.,M.D. John C. Hemmeter, M.D., Phil. D., LL.D., Chairman. THE REGENTS COMMITTEE i vtaoaa anx UNIVERSITY OF MARYLAND 17 A PRELUDE TO THE UNIVERSITY OF MARYLAND CENTENNIAL. This graceful forecasting to our 100th Anniversary was enacted by the Germania Maennerchor Society at its beautiful hall on West Lombard Street, near Eutaw. The invitations read April 3, 1906, "An Academic Con- cert,'' a tribute to our "Erudite Neighbor," the U. of Md., in congratulation upon her One Hundredth Anniversary. Seats were reserved for the Faculties and Regents. The U. of Md. Ode, Latin text by Prof. E. F. Cordell, was performed by a chorus of more than 120 voices and a Grand Orphestra. The music is by the Director, Prof. Theo. Hemberger. This composition is of modern classic style, unusually majestic and dignified. An exquisitely beauti- ful tenor solo relieves the massive choral work in the middle of the composition and the orchestra and chorus close with an impressive apotheosis of Academic Virtue and Achievemxcnt The Baltimore Sun of April 1, 1906, gave the following account of this interesting concert : IN THE UNIVERSITY'S HONOR. GERMANIA MAENNERCHOR TO GIVE AN ELABORATE CONCERT. In honor of the one hundredth anniversary of the University of Maryland the Germania Maennerchor will give an academic concert at the hall of the society this month. Among the distinctively academic numbers on the program are: " Academische Fest Overture"., Brahms Orchestra '' Amabilissima Elsula" Wagner Male Chorus, with Quartet "Alt Heidelberg du Feine" (Op. 29) V-olbach Grand Orchestra " University of Maryland Ode" Hemberger Male Chorus, Tenor Solo and Orchestra 18 THE CENTENNIAL CELEBRATION In addition to the chorus of the Maennerchor, there will be an orchestra of 40 pieces. The quartet will be Messrs. F. H. Weber, Tau- bert, Stephan Steinmiiller and Mr. Degenhardt, Jr. The words of the university ode are by Dr. E. F. Cordell, of the University, the director of the Maennerchor, Prof. Theodore Hember- ger, is director of the University Musical Association, which was founded by Prof. John C. Hemmeter three years ago. The faculties of medicine, law, dentistry and pharmacology will attend the concert in a body. The Regents and Faculties of the U. of Md. desire to extend to the President of the Germania Maennerchor, Mr. Robt. M. Rother, and to the Director, Prof. Theodore Hemberger, their deep appreciation of this graceful trib- ute. May Music and Science always be sister forces to ennoble the human race. The Regents' Centennial Committee, which is given on p. 8, invited the the organization of a larger Cen- tennial Committee, which was composed of representa- tives of all the faculties, all of the alumni associations, including those in other cities. This large committee was subdivided into smaller committees, the chairmen of which are stated on p. 12. In the early meetings of the various committees it was recognized that in order to make the thousands of alumni throughout the United States acquainted with the purposes of the Centennial festivities, a mass meeting of all the alumni that could be reached, should be called on January 22, 1907. Even if these alumni could not attend the mass meeting in person, this call would at least serve to bring their attention to the Centennial of their Alma Mater and make them familiar with its new policies and the various plans outlined in the addresses given in the following programme : UNIVERSITY OF MARYLAND 19 1807 1907 CENTENNIAL OF THE UNIVERSITY OF MARYLAND PRELIMINARY MASS MEETING OF THE ALUMNI AT GERMANIA MAENNERCHOR HALL 410 West Lombard Street baltimore, md. TUESDAY EVENING, JANUARY 22, 1907 ■ EIGHT o'clock PROGRAMME HENRY M. WILSON, M.D., Class of 50, Presiding 1. Introductory and Explanatory, H. H. Biedler, M.D., Class of '76 Chairman Committee of Mass Meeting 2. Foreshadowings op our Centennial, J no. C. Hemmeter, M.D., LL.D., Class of '84. Chairman Committee of Regents MUSIC 3. The School of Medicine, Samuel C. Chew, M.D., Class of '58 4. The Law Department, Ex-Atty. Gen. John P. Poe, LL.D. 5. The Dental Department, F.J.S.Gorgas,M.D.,D.D.S.,Classof'63 6. The Pharmaceutical Department, Chas. Caspari, Jr., Phar. D., Class of '69 music 7. The Department of Arts and Sciences, President Thomas Fell, LL.D. 8. Announcements. 20 THE CENTENNIAL CELEBRATION Collation Smoker Reunion B. Merrill Hopkinson, M.D., Vocalist Miedling's Orchestra CENTENNIAL OF THE UNIVERSITY OF MARYLAND May 30th to June Sd, inclusive John C. Hemmeter, M.D., Phil. D., LL.D. Chairman, Committee of Regents B. Merrill Hopkinson, M.D., Secretary FINANCE Thos. a. Ashby, M.D., Chairman 1125 Madison Avenue MUSIC B. Merrill Hopkinson, M.D. Professional Building HONORARY DEGREES John P. Poe, LL.D. PROGRAMMES, PRINTING, INVITATIONS, ETC. J. L.V. Murphy, Esq. Maryland Telep.ionf- Building PRESS AND PUBLICATION Oregon Milton Dennis, Esq. 130-132 Law Building RECEPTION T. O. Heatwole, M.D., D.D.S 14 W. North Avenue BANQUET COMMITTEE G. Lane Taneyhill, M.D. 1103 Madison Avenue ORATORS W. Calvin Chestnut, Esq. Calvert Building UNIVERSITY OF MARYLAND 21 ACADEMIC COSTUME Thomas Fell, Ph.D. St. John's College, Annapolis HOSPITALITY Nathan Winslow, B.A., M.D. Mt. Royal and North Aves. LADIES' RECEPTION AND ENTERTAINMENT Mrs. Samuel C. Chew £15 W. Lanvale St. COMMITTEE ON MASS MEETING H. H. BiEDLER, A.M., M.D., Chairman] G. Lane Taneyhill, A.M., M.D. \ Medical Department Charles E. Sadtler, A.M., M.D. J Oregon Milton Dennis, LL.B., Law Department C. V. Matthews, DD.S., Dental Department Charles Caspar:, Jr., Phar. D., Pharmaceutical Department Thomas Fell, A.M., LL.D., Academic Department OPENING ADDRESS OF DR. HENRY M. WILSON. ALUMNUS 1850 — CHAIRMAN OF THE MASS MEETING OF ALUMNI OF ALL DEPARTMENTS OF THE UNIVERSITY OF MARYLAND, ON JANUARY 22, 1907. It is a charming custom, especially observed among the English-speaking races, to celebrate the home-coming of families at stated times. This custom also obtains among certain colleges and universities, when the years have speeded into the centuries. In preparation for such an occasion we have met tonight. The centennary of our old University draws on apace, and it has been deemed fitting that her sons should embrace the opportunity to testify their love and kindly memories of all the past of her history, and their God-speed for her enlarged duties in the future. As one of the oldest, if not the oldest of her alumni here present, I can look back beyond the half-century mark. I entered her halls in '48, and can speak with confidence of the value of her teaching. Whatever was known to science at that time was faithfully taught, and that, too, by men as competent as any in the country. I recall the peerless anatomist, Joseph Roby, the brilHant clinician and auscultator, William Power, the scholarly Chew, and the old Emperor, as we used to call him, Nathan R. Smith, than whom a greater surgeon did not live in this country, or indeed in any other. But why linger on an old generation of professors, when their successors, whom you all know, have so ably sustained and advanced her reputation. As a matter of fact, our Alma Mater has never fallen below the highest UNIVERSITY OP MARYLAND 23 standard, either in men or methods. As special investi- gations have been made, or discoveries appeared in any part of the world, she has at once given her students the knowledge of such work. She has encouraged special- ties in her curriculum, and so her Dental Annex has been noted for thoroughness and success: her Legal Depart- ment has been served by some of the most learned talent of the bar, and she has sent forth many with her impri- matur, who are to be defenders of the State and its citizens either with the ''serge or ermine." She reaches the century mark with no semblance of senile infirmity. Her step is all the firmer, and her voice has still the ring of the trumpet, as she beckons her sons to the front and points onward. She steps upon the threshold of the century, not alone or unattended. Her jubilee is enriched by another trophy. Her aegis now covers another college of liberal arts — St. John's College, of Annapolis, which comes to us not as a weakling, but full-grown and strong ; whose hand we grasp in token of common rights and common privileges, and to whom we extend a right-royal welcome to all the old home affords. But I must not forget that distinguished representatives of her different faculties are here present, and I will no longer detain you from the pleasure of hearing them. REMARKS BY DR. H. H. BIEDLER. AT THE MASS MEETING OF ALL ALUMNI, JANUARY 22, 1907. Mr. President, Members of the Faculties and Fellow Alumni of the University of Maryland: It affords me very great pleasure on behalf of the Mass Meeting Committee of the Alumni of this great and grand University to welcome you here and to say that the Alumni of the University of Maryland residing in this city, and who have been spared to enjoy a part of two centuries, should not miss the opportunity of a general conference of the Alumni of all departments to determine in what way could we best show our love and appreciation of our Alma Mater; by honoring our University we honor ourselves and each and every one of us should pledge our best efforts tonight to the success of the Centennial which will take place May 30 to June 2. The importance of Univer- sity life and success has never attracted the citizens of this country to the extent that it does now. All over our land comes the cry: Onward and upward with universi- ties; give them all the assistance you can^"in unity there is strength" — the Lord helps them who help them- selves. The successful and charitable financiers of this country are giving their assistance to universities all over the world. Pray tell me why we should remain silent when we are the sons of such a meritorious and worthy Alma Mater? Fellow Alumni, this is a day of fads and fancies, and I assure you it is by far the extreme height of the fashion to beg — ^let us be fashionable if nothing more. You must UNIVERSITY OF MARYLAND 25 know that when a university has no wants it is almost, if not quite, moribund, and to this end I have already had pledged to the University the sum of five thousand dollars provided we raise one thousand tonight, so let us duplicate the amount already secured. This thought with the wants of the University will be further elucidated by the eminent speakers who will follow me. THE RENAISSANCE OF THE UNIVERSITY OF MARYLAND. ADDRESS BY JOHN C. HEMMETER, M.D., PH.D., LL.D., PROFESSOR OF PHYSIOLOGY, ETC., UNIVERSITY OF MARYLAND, ON OCCASION OF THE MASS MEETING OF THE ALUMNI OF ALL DEPARTMENTS ON JANUARY 22, 1907. This day, January 22, is a day of exceptional his- toric interest in medicine. On this day in 1720 Lancisi, a physician to the Pope and renowned for meritorious work in anatomy and pathology of the heart, died. He was the teacher of Morgagni, the actual founder of path- ologic anatomy as an independent science (1682-1771). On this day, 1851, Carl Franz Naegele, a professor of obstetrics in Heidelberg, an author of an excellent text- book on obstetrics, died. On this day, 1901, the great American surgeon, Lewis Albert Sayre, professor and one of the founders of Belle vue Hospital Medical College, died, at the age of 81 years. He was the inventor of a plaster of paris corset for scoliosis, and contributed largely to medical literature of his day. On this day, in 1902, Prof. Hugo Wilhelm von Ziemssen, the celebrated German clinician, professor of the University of Munich, died. He was the editor of Ziemssen's Encyclopedia of Medicine. On the twenty-second of January, 1561, Lord Francis Bacon, the celebrated Enghsh philosopher and states- man, was born, author of the renowned work, entitled Novum Organon. He was the originator of the inductive method of investigation, and brought about a reform of philosophy as well as of natural sciences, which caused BERNARD CARTER, LL.D., PROVOST OF THE UNIVERSITY OF MARYLAND a nwwi tii n ri to'tJiMiilhll Blhft^^ 'VSVfiiViWl/)ltt'.SItliit\*-K'S aViAJYSIAlfi 'SO YTia>I3.7r/ITJ aHT 10 TgQYOH'T UNIVERSITY OF MARYLAND 27 also a great uprising in the objective investigations in all natural sciences, especially in physiology, and prepared the way for Harvey. On this day, John Frederick Blu- menbach, professor in Gottingen, died. He was the founder of the science of anthropology. To Lord Bacon is attributed a sentiment which sug- gests a famous line of Pope, ^'A little learning is a dan- gerous thing." This adage is diagonally opposed to the wisdom of Heraclitus, who in his sixteenth aphorism r^oXuiiadirj voov iyer^ <>u didaffKei, meaning ''much learning does not teach one to have understanding." But if we were to seek a well adapted sentiment to serve as a guiding line for the teaching of our University, we could not select a better one than the well known Kantian expression which Boas makes use of on the title page of his excellent work on the diseases of the intestines, namely, 'Wee infra, nee ultra scire — not to know too little and not to know too much." I was to speak to you this evening on the "Fore- shadowings of Our Centennial," and in my mind's eye I can see the gathering of a greater host of Alumni to celebrate the second centennial a hundred years hence. I can see the president of a world-renowned University of Mary- land step out at the head of an academic procession, from a magnificent marble building, fronted with great white columns, and he will confront the cheering throng of the University's sons on a wide and beautiful green campus, adorned with classical statuary and monu- ments to the by-gone great teachers of the institution. And he shall refer to the hundred years which expire in May, 1907, as the "Lombard Street epoch," when all the buildings and institutions of the University were con- fined to that street, where now, he will continue to say, "no trace of the former buildings is left; they have all 28 THE CENTENNIAL CELEBRATION been replaced by factories and stores, and on that street there was a hall belonging to a German musical society in which over 400 of the Alumni of the University of Maryland gathered on the twenty-second day of January, 1907, just one hundred years ago. At that time our University had really only two faculties — the Faculties of Law and the Faculties of Medicine — for the departments of pharmacy and dentistry were parts of the Faculty of Physics. Our Universit}^ had then just effected its union with the ancient St. John's College, of Annapolis, whose begin- nings really date back to King William's College, the old Colonial school on State House Hill, at Annapolis, which, in 1696, was the first free public school in America. In 1784, this became St. John's College. ^'Now on that evening of January 22, 1907, this St. John's College was again united with the University of Maryland in Baltimore, the two becoming one institu- tion; and so," he will continue to say, "we are in 2007, not celebrating simply the two hundredth anniversary, but if we take into account the glorious history of St. John's College and our former union with it, we are in reality celebrating our three hundredth anniversary. " But the first real and earnest efforts to make a genu- ine university date from the final reunion of St. John's and the University of Maryland in January, 1907." So much of prophec}^ Fellow Alumni, here assembled this evening, keep your eyes fixed on this prophetic vision and do all in your power to realize this dream. From the school of medicine should develop in the next few years a Faculty of Natural Philosophy, bestowing the degree of Master of Arts and Doctor of Philosophy for combination studies in the natural sciences, in general biology, physiology, botany, physics, chemistry, psychology. From the Faculty of Law should develop a department of political UNIVERSITY OF MARYLAND 29 economics. From the academic department, St. John's College should develop a school of philosophy, ethics, logic, philology, mathematics and so on. There should also be a School of Technology connected with this uni- versity. The problem of the feasibility of having a Faculty of Theology should be taken up. There is a great deal to be learned by discussion on this subject. I can divine that we will reach the result that such a faculty, properly constituted, might be of advantage to the University of Maryland, especially as there is no faculty of divinitj^ associated with any of the great universities of the East embracing all academic departments. Most of the universities that are denominational so far have not attained to complete departments in medicine and the natural sciences. According to Socrates, a great many of our difficulties in life as well as in the fate and management of institu- tions, are due to errors of conception. Some of the diffi- culties of the University of Maryland in the past have been due to the fact and error in conception that the managing faculties did not understand what was m.eant by the term ' 'University of Maryland . ' ' Similarly as Louis XIV, when asked a definition of the State, said, '^UEtat c' est moi. '' ' So the faculties of the University of Maryland were apt to think, if they did not say it, " The Universit}^, that's ourselves;" and a great many times, I am sorry to say, they acted on that basis ; and this is one of the reasons perhaps the principal reason, why the University of Maryland is no farther advanced in endowment at the present day. If the faculties had not always worked ^^jpour moi,'^ but had worked on the broad basis, always looking for the foundation of an endowment, grappling and cementing their Alumni to the heart of the Univer- sity with hoops of steel, there would have been more to 30 THE CENTENNIAL CELEBRATION show in the way of endowment at the present day. But there has been a splendid awakening of altruism in the present faculty and the foundation of a sohd endow- ment is highly probable as well as the organization of an independent board of trustees. This Centennial is our great opportunity to increase our endowment, an oppor- tunity which we should not fail to make use of. "Master of human destinies am I; Fame, love and fortune on my footsteps wait; Cities and fields I walk; I penetrate Deserts and seas remote, and passing by Hovel and mart and palace, soon or late I knock unbidden once at every gate. If sleeping, wake, if feasting, rise before I turn away; it is the hour of fate And those who follow me reach every state Mortals desire, and conquer every foe Save death; while those who doubt or hesitate See me in vain, and uselessly implore; I answer not, and I return no more." — Ingalls. Perhaps the most important question affecting the future, not only of science in the limited sense, but of learning of all kinds in this country, is that of the proper relation of faculties of the universities to the trustees. That the question has come into prominence at the pres- ent time is due to the fact that, since in business the tendency is towards greater concentration of power in a few hands, so, if we regard education as a business, the control of all educational questions should be in the hands of a few trustees. In the universities, however, there is the purely financial question of the management of the funds, and the question of education considered from the intellectual side; and the two questions are not only essentially different in their nature, but also the training necessary for a business man is not the same as that neces- UNIVERSITY OF MARYLAND 31 sary for one who is to be an educator and a scholar. To the trustee belongs the management of the finances, and it is preposterous to entrust purely business matters to a numerous body like the teaching faculty, even were they not unfitted for such work by their lack of training. To the faculty belong the practical work of education and to the advancement of learning by research. The difficulty at the present time is that when it comes to questions of general educational policy to be pursued there is an increasing tendency on the part of the trustees to assume that it is their business, and not that of the faculty. Prac- tically the board which controls the expenditure of money can, if it wishes, shape the policy without regard to the opinion of others. Whether it is better for education and learning that they should do so is another matter. Probably a large portion of the educated public is of the opinion that the faculty is better qualified than the trus- tees to decide educational questions, both theoretical and practical, and they would certainly agree in thinking that no educational policy should be adopted without the con- currence of the faculty. In answer to the assertion that the trustees cannot manage the finances any better than the present faculties, it can be argued : I. That the present management of the Universitj^ of Maryland is considered unsatisfactory by all our alumni (almost unanimously) and even by some of the faculty itself. Every emeritus professor, as soon as he withdraws from the active faculty, advocates trustees. The work of teaching in the didactic, laboratory and clinical courses, as well as the responsibility of management in certain work of the hospital is m^ore than sufficient for the teach- ers. They should be spared the administrative and finan- cial management. II. There may be considered three spheres of action or duties, for a regent in the Faculty of Medicine : 32 . THE CENTENNIAL CELEBRATION 1. Teaching, 2. Finance. 3. Administration. By administrative work I mean the duties in attend- ing to the grounds and buildings and contracting for new work and repairs. The employment of officers, clerks, janitors, typewriters, getting up the catalogues and lecture schedules, etc., etc. III. The didactic and clinical discipline is defective because the teachers are overworked in some depart- ments and the Medical Faculty, for instance, has to con- sume so much of its time at its regular m^eetings by finan- cial and administrative work, that the didactic discipline cannot be considered with that earnestness and zeal it requires. The entire medical discipline needs reforma- tion. There should be a logical graded course of m^edical discipline. There must be selective courses offered to medical students. " Concentration, sequence and election are the fruitful principles in the best modern education." (W. T. Porter. Preface to his laboratory text-book of phj^siology.) In 1898 the Committee of Medical Education, appointed by the Harvard Faculty of Medicine, reported in favor of the ''concentration" system urged in the committee by Dr. W. T. Porter in common with Professor W. T. Coun- cilman, an alumnus of the University of Maryland. By this method, the first half-year in the Medical School is devoted to anatomy and histologj^, the second half-year to physiology and biological chemistry, the third-half year to pathology and bacteriology, and the fourth, fifth and sixth half-years to practical medicine and surgery. Work under the new system began in the collegiate year 1899-1900. In 1904, largely through the influence of Professor Bowditch, the seventh and eighth half-years UNIVERSITY OF MARYLAND 33 were made elective, each student choosing for himself the studies best suited to his needs. Concentration provides that the student shall not serve two masters, but shall study at one time only one principal subject, such as physiology or pathology, dis- ciplines that do not yield readily to a divided mind. Sequence provides that a foundation shall be laid before the superstructure is attempted. Students now have an acquaintance with anatomy before they begin the study of physiology. Election somewhat tardily intrusts to university men rarely less than twenty-five years of age a voice in the decision of their nearest affairs. The apph- cation of these principles to medical teaching has undoubt- edly resulted in large savings of timie and energy. The economy of force secured by concentration and- sequence has been highly valuable, though not indispens- able, in the new teaching of physiology introduced by Prof. W. T. Porter in February, 1900. The traditional teaching of physiology consists of lectures illustrated by occasional demonstrations and, in some instances, by experiments performed by the students themselves. The new method is fundamentally opposite. It consists of experiments and observations by the student himself. The didactic instruction, comprising lectures, written tests, recitations, conferences, and the writing and dis- cussing of these, follows the student's experiments and considers them in relation to the work of other observers. In the old m.ethod, the stress is upon the didactic teach- ing. In the new there is no less didactic teaching, but stress is upon observation. The old method insensibly teaches men to rest upon authority, but now directs them to nature. IV. By continuing in the function of administra- tration of the various faculties they place themselves in a disadvantageous position before the pubhc benefactors 34 THE CENTENNIAL CELEBRATION and legislators because they have to defend themselves against the allegation that they are managing the finan- cial affairs of the University to their personal interest. V. On Februarj^ 5, 1907, Mr. Rockefeller increased the resources of the General Education Board in New York by thirty-two million dollars. The interest of about thirty million dollars is distributed to universities of this country annually from the funds granted by Carnegie and Rockefeller. Participation in these benefits has been denied us, the University of Maryland, on the ground that it is simply a professional school managed by the fac- ulties, not by trustees, and that it is not a real university. The solidity of this assertion is lost by our affiliation with St. John's College. At a recent meeting, the regents of the University have appointed the following committee for the purpose of submitting a plan for the acquisition of an endowm.ent, as well as for a general systematiza- tion of all efforts in that direction that have hitherto been made by different committees, associations, regents, trus- tees and individuals. The University has a Board of Trustees, incorporated by act of the legislature of the state, as Trustees of the Endowment Fund of the University of Maryland. The functions of this board are almost exclusively administrative, but Prof. Eugene F. Cor- dell, the secretary, must be credited with having made the most sustained efforts at increasing its funds. The new committee, appointed by the regents, for the organi- zation of endowments consists of the following gentle- men: Representing the Department of Medicine, Prof. J. C. Hemmeter, chairman; Departm^ent of Law, Judge Henry Stockbridge; Department of Pharmacy, Prof. Charles Caspari; Department of Dentistry, Professor Heatwole ; Academic Department, St. John's College, Prof. Thomas Fell. UNIVERSITY OF MARYLAND 35 REMOVAL OF THE UNIVERSITY TO A NEW SITE. I would also urge the removal of the professional schools of the University of Maryland, together with the hospitals to some new location in the northwestern section of the city, where there is a more healthy, physical and moral environment, and for this purpose I would urge on the members of the medical and dental faculty, especially the younger members, the organization of a stock com- pany, for the purpose of purchasing land in one of the northwestern sections which is not yet improved by buildings and the erection of modern medical and surgical wards, lecture halls, laboratories and a library and admin- istrative building. This should be considered before any further funds are spent in the construction of new build- ings at Greene and Lombard streets. The present region is being encroached upon by fac- tories more and more ; the atmosphere is thick with smoke, the noise is intolerable to the many suffering individuals in the hospital, two important car lines cross immediately through the heart of the present site of the University and add to the general turmoil, dust, restlessness and confusion. It will still be needed in part as an emergency hospital should the University ever move. There is also an increasing demoralization of this neighborhood which is a very heavy factor in determining our desire for a removal, when we reflect the danger to the psychic health of our one thousand students. A very heavy responsi- bility rests on the regents concerning this latter question. They cannot escape dealing with it by any makeshift or evasive expediency. The erection of a students' dormi- tory on the northwest corner of Greene and Lombard streets will to a large extent prevent this demoralization. The idea once conceived and verified, that great and noble ends are to be achieved, by which the condition of the whole University shall be permanently bettered, by 36 THE CENTENNIAL CELEBRATION bringing into exercise a sufficient quantity of sober thoughts, and by a proper adaptation of means, is of itself sufficient to set us earnestly on reflecting what ends are truly great and noble, either in themselves or as conducive to others of a still loftier character; because we are not now as heretofore, hopeless of attaining them. It is not now equally harmless and insignificant whether we are right or wrong, since we are no longer supinely and help- lessly carried down the stream of events, but feel ourselves capable of buffeting at least with its waves and perhaps of riding triumphantly over them; for why should we despair that reason that has enabled us to subdue all nature to our purposes, should (if permitted and assisted by the providence of God) achieve a far more difficult conquest and ultimately find some means of enabling the collective wisdom of our faculties to bear down those obstacles which individual shortsightedness, selfishness and passion oppose to all improvements, and by which the highest hopes are continually blighted and the fairest prospects marred. So that from this Renaissance of the University of Maryland, there shall develop a University such as there can be no doubt whatever, was in the minds of the organizers who formulated the plan and charter of the University one hundred years ago ; namely, a University for the People, of the People, and hy the People of Maryland. May this truth spread abroad with its all-absorbing power, cementing the links of our various faculties, unit- ing the interests of the various schools, until our Univer- sity shall rise to a standard of perfection, destined by Divine Providence. THE CHAIR OF MEDICINE IN THE UNIVERSITY OF MARYLAND. AN ADDRESS DELIVERED BEFORE THE ALUMNI OF THE UNIVERSITY, JANUARY 22, 1907, BY SAMUEL C. CHEW, M.D., PROFESSOR OF THE PRAC- TICE OF MEDICINE. The subject of the "School of Medicine," in the Univer- sity of Maryland, having been assigned to me for consider- ation at this meeting, I think it best not to attempt the story of everything relating to the school which that term might imply, but to confine myself to some reminiscences and traditions connected with the chair of Practice of Medicine, which I have myself occupied for many years. At the foundation of the school one hundred years ago the first physician appointed to the chair of Practice was Dr. George Brown, who was born in Ireland in the year 1755, and who in 1779 obtained his medical degree at the University of Edinburgh, which was then, as it has con- tinued to be, a famous seat of medical learning, largely through the great reputation of the Monros, who were known successively as Primus, Secundus and Tertius, and who were followed by other teachers of distinguished abihty down to John Hughes Bennett and George Balfour of our own day. In 1783 Dr. Brown emigrated to Baltimore, where he attained great success as a practitioner, and where he was appointed to the chair of medicine in this school at its foundation in 1807, and was president of its Board of Regents until 1812. Dr. Brown was the grandfather of the late George Wil- liam Brown, Chief Judge of the Supreme Bench of this 38 THE CENTENNIAL CELEBRATION city, and at one time an instructor in the School of Law in our University, and he was the great-grandfather of my friend Arthur George Brown, one of the most prominent members of the bar of Baltimore at present, whose hered- itary connection by this twofold tie with the Univer- sity of Maryland is, I am sure, a source of gratification to others of his friends who are here tonight as well as to myself. Dr. Brown, though appointed to the chair of Practice, did not enter upon its duties, but resigned the position almost immediately and was succeeded in it by Dr. Nathaniel Potter, who was thus the first actual or active incumbent of the chair, which he filled from 1807 to 1843, the year of his death. I have no personal recollection of him, but there are two things, which, when I follow Prospero's counsel and look into " the dark backward and abysm of time," are among the very earliest engraven upon the tablet of my memory. One is the solemn tolling of bells which, on inquiring what it meant, I was inform.ed, being then a little child, was for the death of the first President Harrison, who died, it will be remembered, just one month after his inauguration. The other record upon the tablet is that of someone at my home, I know not whom, uttering the words ^^Dr. Potter is dead." These two events of the long past have no connection with each other, except the fact that each is the record of the termination of a life. Although, as stated, I have no remembrance of having ever seen Professor Potter, his face is yet very familiar to me, as it is to others here present, from the portrait of him which for many years has hung in the Faculty room of the School of Medicine. The attitude in which he is represented in the picture is that of a scholar holding in his hand a volume, which was one of his own works, '' Potteron Contagion," as is shown in the picture. Now it UNIVERSITY OF MARYLAND 39 is most interesting to see that in that book, a copy of which is in our Hbrary and which was probably the author's favorite among his writings, he maintains the non-con- tagious character of Yellow Fever, a disease with which he was very familiar, for it had prevailed in Baltimore more than once during his professional life. It is espe- cially interesting to find that in support of his opinion he brought forward the same kind of evidence which was adduced by the United States Army Yellow Fever Com- mission, as given in their report in 1901; the evidence being the application of handkerchiefs and other fomites which had been kept in contact with yellow fever patients, to others not laboring under the disease, with the result that it was not communicated to them. And he thus anticipated what has of late years been fully established by the labors of Dr. Walter Reed, Dr. James Carroll, Dr. Aristides Agramonte and that noble martyr to science and to humanity, Dr. Jesse W. Lazear, a name to be spoken with reverence, for it is haloed with a martyr's crown. This anticipation of the truth is, I think, a most interest- ing fact in the history of this School and of Medicine. The next incumbent of the chair of Practice was Dr. Elisha Bartlett, of Massachusetts, who was elected to it early in 1844, and who had had experience as a teacher of medicine in several schools, the last of which was the Transylvania University, in which he resigned his position to accept the call to Baltimore. Of him I have a faint, shadowy recollection. I can recall, and yet but dimly, his tall form and his strikingly intellectual countenance. He was a medical philosopher of admirable reasoning powers and high attainments. His treatise on the ' Tevers of the United States," first pubhshed in 1842, should be in the library of every medical scholar, for it entitles him to a place among those great workers who were engaged in differentiating from each other the various forms of febrile 40 THE CENTENNIAL CELEBRATION disease, a place with Louis of Paris, and Sir William Jenner of London, and Gerhard of Philadelphia, and James Jackson, Jr., of Boston. Professor Bartlett's philosophical works are also of great value, his '' Philosophy of Medical Science," pub- lished in 1844, and his " Inquiry into the Degree of Cer- tainty in Medicine," in 1848. It was said by Dr. Oliver Wendell Holmes that Bart- lett's "Medical Philosophy" is as remarkable for elegance of style as for liberal and genial spirit and philosophic breadth of view. One passage I can recall as having impressed itself upon my youthful memory and imagina- tion long years ago. The author is drawing a contrast between the various forms of charlatanry, which from time to time seek to rival medical science on the one hand, and legitimate, scientific medicine on the other. He likens them respectively to two kinds of illumination; in the one there is a noise, a rush, a burst into a myriad of coruscations which are soon extinguished, leaving behind them an obscuring cloud of smoke, which parts and is scattered, and these are his words: "Courage, my friends, look up, and there looking down upon us with their dear old smile of affectionate recognition, undimmed in their brightness and unchanged in their loveliness, the everwatchful stars." Their light represents scientific medicine. In 1846 Professor Bartlett, in failing health, resigned his chair and was succeeded in it by Dr. William Power, a native of this city, who had taken his degree of A.B. at Yale in 1832, and of M.D. at this school in 1835, and he was thus the first alumnus of the school to occupy the chair of Practice in it. After his graduation here, he pursued his medical studies in Paris, under that brilliant corps of teachers consisting of Louis, Andral, Grisolle, Barth and the great pathologist Cruveilhier. Of these. UNIVERSITY OF MARYLAND 41 some had passed away when I was myself studying in Paris, twenty-five years later; but Grisolle and Barth, then old men, were still giving valuable and effective instruction, and Cruveilhier, having retired from his chair, could be seen setting an example of devotion on his way every morning to the services of his church. When Dr. Power returned to Baltimore in 1840 he was known as a proficient in auscultatory diagnosis in which he had been well trained by Louis, and he was among the first to practice and teach that art and science here. The story is told that once when a resident of Baltimore, suffering from some trouble of the chest, went to Paris to consult Louis, he was asked by that eminent physician from what part of America he came, and when he answered "from Baltimore," "Why, then," said Louis, "do you come all the way to Paris to consult me when you have William Power in Baltimore." Such was the impression which the pupil had made upon the teacher. I have a clear recollection of Professor Power, although his con- nection with this University ceased before I began the study of medicine. I can recall his intellectual face, "sicklied o'er with the pale cast of thought," and with that malady, pulmonary tuberculosis, to which he fell a victim when still comparatively young in his professional life, for he was only in his thirty-ninth year when he died. It is worthy of note that one who was so active in promot- ing the study and practice of auscultation, should have died of the same disease and nearly at the same age as Laennec, the great medical philosopher and discoverer, as he might be called, of auscultatory diagnosis. As a teacher, Professor Power was a strenuous and faithful worker, admired and honored by his students, and when laboring under the distressing conditions of his malady, constant dyspnoea and recurring hemorrhages, he still con- tinued to meet his classes and to impart instruction until 42 THE CENTENNIAL CELEBRATION in 1852 he was compelled to abandon the unequal contest and to resign his chair, his death occuring on the 15th of August in that year. And here let me depart for a moment from the chrono- logical order to pay a brief tribute to one who was allied by affinity to Professor Power, and was taught by him: I refer to that most accomplished physician and most admirable man, Charles Frick, who, though he never occupied the chair of Practice in this school, was engaged in clinical teaching here and would certainly have acceded to the chair had his life been prolonged. For he was skilful and instructive as a clinician, and, if I may modify a classic phrase, ^'omnium consensu capax docendi.^' He was my friend as well as my teacher, and to this day, though nearly forty-seven years have passed since his death, the lessons of professional learning which I derived from him recur to my mind. The way in which Professor Frick's life ended from devotion to a suffering fellow crea- ture in the lowest walk in life is well known to many here, and it illustrates those words which were uttered by the divinest lips, " Greater love hath no man than this, that a man lay down his life for his friend." When the chair of Practice became vacant in 1852, by the death of Professor Power, one was appointed to the place in regard to whom it is not for me to offer any words or any thoughts of my own. But how can I omit entirely from the category which I have been surveying one who gave the best years of his life and the richest stores of his learning and experience to the service and welfare of this school, and who, as my most faithful guide and as my wisest counselor was by me honored and beloved? For many years there had been a close and cordial friendship and affection between him to whom I refer and Professor Nathan Ryno Smith, that prince among the surgeons of his day, who had known many men in many places and of UNIVERSITY OF MARYLAND 43 various attainments and characters. When this friend- ship was sundered by death, Professor Smith said to me, "Among all whom I have known in my whole Hfe, I have never known a wiser or a better man than your father." I add no words of my own, but I trust that I do not violate proper feeling in presenting to you a sentiment which was uttered by him before an assemblage in which, as in the one before me tonight, there were many members of the medical profession : ^^ There are other paths which lead more certainly to dis- tinctions, honors and affluence than does medicine. There are other professions which may be more exempt from cares and disappointments. But where shall we find a pursuit more favorable than ours to the development and improvement of the best faculties of our intellectual and moral nature? Where shall we find an occupation for the few and fleeting years of life more conducive to progress in wisdom and virtue? To grow old engaged in the acquisition of knowledge was the wish of the wisest of the ancients. The sentiment is purified and elevated by referring it to a just and adequate motive. To grow old in the study of science for the purpose of doing good to mankind shows a desire worthy, not only of the wisest, but of the best and holiest of men." Next in succession to the chair came one in 1864 who was well known to many here present, and known only to be honored and esteemed. I refer, as you know, to Pro- fessor Ri chard. McSherry, who brought to the duties of his post an excellent training of mind and the fruits of large opportunities for observation in civil and military practice, for he had held the position of surgeon in both branches of the public service. His lectures were accurate in thought, scholarly in their structure and always fraught with valuable lessons which were deeply impressed upon his students. 44 THE CENTENNIAL CELEBRATION At his death in 1885, one was called to his place who can say only this, that none can be more conscious than he is himself of the imperfections and deficiences in the way in which the duties of that place have been performed, but as the time draws near at which the chair will again become vacant, a time which cannot be long deferred, he asks that he may be allowed to plead simply this, that he has striven to do his duty. THE DEPARTMENT OF LAW. ADDRESS BY PROF. JOHN PRENTISS POE, AT MASS MEETING OF ALL ALUMNI, JANUARY 22, 1907. When an institution of learning organized under the laws of a small State has done its work worthily and well for a hundred years in the face of fierce competition of rich and powerful rivals, with but scanty resources and few and small contributions from the public purse, the men who in the centennial of its foundation find them- selves charged with the duty and responsibihty of leading it on in its high career of usefulness and distinction have a right to exult in the steady progress of its triumphant march and to tell without reserve the inspiring story of its honor and renown. They may well invite to its venerable halls from far and near the alumni whom year after year it equipped so completely for the race of hfe, to rejoice with them in the excellence and power of their professional career and to receive their hearty fehcitations that their Alma Mater still strides along with majestic tread in the front rank of her noble competitors. While thus pausing to commend in glowing words the splendid record of the learned and accompHshed men who during all these long years spread unceasingly through- out the length and breadth of the land the name and fame of the University of Maryland, attracting to its teaching hundreds and thousands of students from dis- tant sections of the country, and in asserting with emphatic earnestness our claim to continued encouragement and support, there need be no fear of our overstepping the 46 THE CENTENNIAL CELEBRATION modesty which invariably accompanies real and distin- guished merit. Just pride in the work and worth of a long Hne of emi- nent predecessors is a high and commendable feeling, for it is at once an ever pressing stimulus to progressive improvement and a constant safeguard against degenera- tion. Without it no university's future is secure, while under its inspiring influence there are scarcely any limits to the field of gratifying achievements. The proprieties of the occasion forbid any detailed or extended eulogium upon the master minds under whose leadership the work of which we are so justly proud has been done. But an institution which calling the roll of its dead Provosts for nearly a hundred years, finds that roll illu- mined by the namxs of such men as United States Senator Robert Smith, Bishop James Kemp, Chief Justice Roger B. Taney, Dr. Ashton Alexander, John P. Kennedy and Severn Teackle Wallis, and which now has at its head so eminent a lawyer as Bernard Carter, need not shrink from comparison with the strongest in the land. A Faculty of Physic, which since its organization in 1807, has been invariably composed of the most honored and accomplished leaders in their day and generation of their profession from the days of Alexander McDowell, John B. Davidge, Nathaniel Potter, EHsha DeButts, Samuel Baker and Granville Sharp Pattison down to Samuel Chew, Nathan Ryno Smith and Charles Frick may well and truly claim to have been always equal to the very best anywhere. And where will you find a stronger array of renowned lawyers of the past than in our Faculty of Law. Headed by the illustrious William Pinkney and followed by such men as Robert Goodloe Harper, David Hoffman, John UNIVERSITY OF MARYLAND 47 Purviance, Nicholas Brice, Nathaniel WilHams, Roger B. Taney, Upton S. Heath, William Frick, Charles F. Mayer, Jonathan Meredith, Hugh Davey Evans, Robert N. Martin, Alexander H. Handy, John A. Inglis, George W. Dobbin, John H. B. Latrobe and George WiUiam Brown. We of the law faculty of today, mourning the loss of Judge Albert Ritchie, Judge Thomas S. Baer, Col. Charles Marshall and Major Thomas W. Hall, and deploring the recent resignations of Judge Charles E. Phelps, who worked with us for 21 years with unwearied diligence and marked success, and of our genial friend. Major Richard M. Venable, who, as the Atlas of our faculty, encouraged and strengthened us for 32 years, feel that we may esteem it a high honor to stand in the places of such distinguished predecessors and to have enjoyed the cherished associa- tion of such masterful colleagues in our labor. And, alumni of the University, we point to you as the most conclusive proof of its excellence and strength. We welcome you with pride and grateful appreciation to this imposing gathering. Doctors of Medicine, Masters and Bachelors of Arts, Bachelors of Law, we extend to you the gladsome greet- ing of valued friends. Your presence here assures us that you still cherish warm memiories of your University life ; that you still recognize your obligations to your Alma Mater; that you heartily rejoice in our coming centennial celebration, and that you will aid us generously in strengthening and enlarg- ing every departm^ent of the University. You look around you and see that the present Faculty of Physic aglow with inspiring enthusiasm, stimulated and encouraged by the examples of their great predeces- sors, recalling with pride grateful memories of their honored teachers, Christopher Johnston, Francis Donald- 48 THE CENTENNIAL CELEBRATION son, Francis T. Miles, William E. A. Aikin, Alan P. Smith, Julian J. Chisolm and George W. Miltenberger, and rejoic- ing that William T. Howard is yet spared to witness and commend their zeal, capacity and success, are still vigor- ously engaged in giving to their students the full bene- fit of the most advanced thought and attainment in every branch of medical science. Representing here tonight the Law Department, with which I have been actively connected since its reorgan- ization in 1869, it is not for me to say how well our faculty has measured up to expectations and acquitted ourselves of the heavy task committed to our charge, nor to pro- nounce eulogistic judgment upon our work. But at least I may mention the significant facts that starting in 1870 with three professors and a class varying from three to seven students, we have now twelve pro- fessors and on our roll two hundred and sixty students, and have also the gratification of knowing that from amongst the fourteen hundred who in these thirty-six years have received our diplomas, are found today many of the most distinguished leaders of our bar and somx of the most honored members of our bench. Rather will I speak of the peculiar debt which the University owes to our Medical Department. To it is preeminently due the well-earned reputation which the University has enj oyed from the beginning. Its professors, with scarcely an exception, have always been conspicuous for their skill, learning and accomplishmients, and in filling vacancies in its faculty special care seems to have been habitually taken to secure the men best qual- ified to maintain and increase its established reputation. The Law Department, under its first great professor, David Hoffman, who was one of the most learned among Maryland's great lawyers, does not seem to have been favored by the attendance of very niany students. UNIVERSITY OF MARYLAND 49 In those days university education for the profession of law was not at all the fashion. Young men who wished to become lawyers read law, as it was called, in the office of some practising lawyer, and at the expiration of the prescribed period of two years, were usually admitted to the bar almost as a mat- ter of course, after the most perfunctory examination, upon the motion of the gentleman under whose real or ostensible guidance they had gone through their course of reading. It is not surprising, therefore, that the work of the Law School languished, and finally ceased altogether for a season when its highly cultured professor departed this fife. Two of its alumni, the late George W. Dobbin and the late Isaac Nevett Steele, whose distinguished merits need no eulogium before a Baltimore audience, sufficiently attest the high character of the instruction given by Professor Hoffman to his classes, while his published course of study demonstrates that it must have been of unusual thoroughness. The school of the Arts and Sciences, for years known under the familiar name of Baltimore College, kept stead- ily on with excellent success and most valuable results for many years, but with the destruction of the college buildings on Mulberry street in opening Cathedral street it ceased to exist. Recently a satisfactory arrangement has been made with St. John's College, one of the very oldest of American colleges, b}^ which this ancient and vigorous institution is to come in and fill the place of the temporarily suspended School of Arts and Sciences in our University organiza- tion. From this auspicious restoration and union the most gratifying results are confidently expected. The University thus strengthened and enlarged is now 50 THE CENTENNIAL CELEBRATION shaking its wings for a higher and wider flight than ever before. Its coming centennial will bring prominently before our people the record of its great achievements, a clear understanding of its present full development, and a distinct declaration of its hopes, expectations and pur- poses for the year, to come as a veritable State University, complete in all its parts, with its schools of medicine, law and the arts and sciences thoroughly equipped. For the carrying on of this large work to full fruition, we feel sure that we shall receive the generous encourage- ment and support, not only of our thousands of living alumni, but also the active sympathy and assistance of Marylanders everywhere. That hearty sympathy and assistance we now earnestly ask for. The history of our State is rich in inspiring memories and achievements. She has done much for the cause of public education, but our people should feel, and we believe they do feel, a lofty sense of obligation to main- tain within our own borders a Maryland State University for the most thorough and complete education of our sons in every branch of academic, scientific and profes- sional learning. We wish to arouse and intensify this feeling, so that as its rich fruit we may speedily witness a great invigora- tion, a great expansion and a great increase of her hold upon the heart and mind of the people of the State. We expect by our centennial celebration to kindle more and more the glowing flame of State pride and enthusiasm, and to secure for our venerable and honored University a solid and substantial endowment that will abundantly enable her to go forward with ever-increasing power in her noble, beneficent and blessed career. THE HISTORY OF THE DENTAL DEPARTMENT. ADDRESS BY FERDINAND J. S. GORGAS, M.D., D.D.S., PROFES- SOR OF THE PRINCIPLES OF DENTAL SCIENCE, DENTAL SURGERY AND DENTAL PROSTHESIS DELIVERED JANUARY 22, 1907, AT THE MASS MEETING OF ALL ALUMNI. The history of the Dental Department of the Univer- sity of Maryland properly begins with the recognition of dentistry as a specialty of medicine by the American Med- ical Association, the formation in that body of a section of dental surgery and the establishment of dental depart- ments in prominent universities. Harvard, to its honor be it said, was the first to organize a dental department in 1868, followed by the University of Michigan in 1875; the University of Pennsylvania in 1878, and the Univer- sity of Maryland in 1882. Soon after, the University of Minnesota, the Northwestern and a number of others added dental schools to their departments. At the present time more than twenty universities have established such departments. The origin of dentistry must have been contemporane- ous with the origin of civilization. Among the earliest records of probable authenticity regarding the apprecia- tion of the utility and importance of the teeth, are per- haps the Scriptures. Jacob in blessing his sons, said of Judah: ^^His eyes shall be red with wine and his teeth white with milk," from which we must infer that the patriarch appreciated the beauty and cleanliness of the mouth. According to Biblical chronology this was in 1689, B.C. 52 THE CENTENNIAL CELEBRATION While resting in the security of God's protection, _David said: "Thou hast broken the teeth of the ungodly;" the idea being that they were rendered harmless to do injury. While no specific date can be obtained as to the origin of dentistry, we learn that it was practiced among the Egyptians at a very early period. Herodotus, 500 B. C, in writing of his travels through Egypt, at that time one of the greatest and most civilized countries in the world, alludes to the division of medicine in that kingdom into special branches and the existence of physicians, each of whom applies himself to one disease only and no more, '^Some are for the eyes, others for the head, others for the teeth and others for internal disorders." It is therefore probable that the Egyptians, and also the Etruscans were further advanced in the art of dentistry than any other people of that early period. Teeth filled with gold, found in the mouths of mummies, and also bridge- and crown- work in the skulls of others, indicate the advanced ideas of these early people, and also the fact that they supplied artificial substitutes in the mouth. As the Etruscans pre- ceded the Romans in occupying what is now Italy, the anti- quity of reparative dentistry is well established. I may also refer to Hippocrates, Aristotle and others, who hun- dreds of years before Christ, wrote extensively about the teeth ; also of Galen, who taught that the teeth were true bones. From the time of Galen until Ambrose Pare, in 1550, published his celebrated work on surgery, little was added to dental literature. In the eighteenth century about 150 essays and volumes were written upon the subject, as the results of the labors of such men as Hunter, Blake and others. During that century dentistry became a subject of more critical inquiry and thorough investigation than ever before. Men of intelligence and scientific attain- ments devoted themselves to it exclusively, and as a result. UNIVERSITY OF MARYLAND 53 its advancement in both literary and scientific directions, during the nineteenth century, has been most marked. The position of dentistry among the professions is an index to the progressive development of the times. No vocation has made more rapid advances and the most important of these have been made within the last quarter of a century. The product of inventive and scientific minds is now enUsted in its interests, and among its votaries are men of broad culture, whose investigations have done much to illuminate the scientific world. The province of the dentist today is not circumscribed, for properly educated he is prepared to exercise the func- tions of an oral surgeon. While mechanical skill is an indis- pensable requisite, yet a pre-requisite to his success is a knowledge that will enable him to treat successfully the various diseases to which the oral cavity is subject. Artificial substitutions in both surgery and dentistry have been gradually perfected through the ingenuity of man, until the part supplied has been made to serve the purpose of the lost member in a remarkably efficient man- ner A high type of art has come into play and attention is directed to the concealment of artificiahty. Surgery has made notable progress along this line, but dentistry has far outstripped it, probably because the need of it seems the greater. •■,■,• •+ While general surgery has been greatly aided m its beneficent designs by the assistance of anesthesia, anti- septic and scientific nursing, in all of these dentistry has shared the benefit. Our profession has developed princi- pally along other Unes,!and while it is not withm the prov- ince of surgery to prevent the accidents or diseases which call for the exercise of its skill, it is directly withm the field of dentistry to arrest, by skilful mechamcal means, the ravages of such diseases as attack the oral cavity. 54 THE CENTENNIAL CELEBRATION Preventive medicine and its results can scarcely be overestimated or too highly praised, but it should not be forgotten that preventive dentistry has also made wonderful strides and is rapidly advancing day by day. The chief glory of dentistry hes not in the sacrifice of important organs, but in their conservation, thus adding to the health and comfort of the human race. Experiment, investigation and tentative practice are exhibiting results in the way of prevention scarcely dreamed of even by our immediate predecessors. While it may be said that the field of dental operations is limited, yet we have reason to feel proud of the benefit it has con- ferred upon mankind, and it is a pleasure to know that the skill and earnest efforts of its practitioners are appre- ciated by a grateful public. It is of sufficient importance in the world's economy to attract to itself men and women, who give to it the best that their minds and hands are capable of. It came into existence in response to the cry for relief from pain. Its origin may have been lowly, but not more so than that of medicine. In fact all the arts and sciences had their foundations laid in a crude and imperfect manner. A lowly beginning has characterized many vocations that have in time grown into useful and aesthetic aids to the development and refinement of the human race. The subsequent progress of any occupation, and its influence upon the world's betterment, must be the measure of its value. A profession in its essence consists in accomplish- ing the end toward which special skill and special training are directed. Dentistry was introduced into America during the period of our war for independence by an Enghshman, John Woofendale, and a Frenchman, Joseph Lemaire. The former had been a student of the dentist to King George III . The latter was a surgeon in the French Army. UNIVERSITY OF MARYLAND 55 The first effort to establish a college of dentistry was made by Dr. Chapin A. Harris, assisted by Dr. Horace H. Hayden, the latter having delivered in 1837, in the Univer- sity of Maryland, the first course of dental lectures in America. It was the object of Dr. Harris to organize a dental school in connection with the University of Mary- land, but not being successful in convincing the faculty of the University of the usefulness of this project, he became the principal factor in instituting the Baltimore College of Dental Surgery in 1840, and through his untiring efforts and labors can be justly regarded as the founder of the present system of dental education in this country. In 1882 the legislature of Maryland chartered the Dental School as one of the departments of the University of Maryland. A summer session was first organized, which continued from May to October, when the first regular or winter session of 1882-1883 opened with a class of 60 ma- triculates. Its later classes have each numbered several hundred. That the dental department of the University of Maryland has contributed to the advancement of the science of dentistry is beyond question, and is shown by the rank it occupies among the dental schools of the country. We have every reason to be proud of its alumni, who can be found in the faculties of dental schools, north, south, east and west, upon state dental examining boards, and in prominent positions in State Societies. ADDRESS OF PROF. CHARLES CASPARI, Je. AT MASS MEETING OF ALL ALUMNI, JANUARY 22, 1907. Fellow Alumni of the University of Maryland: It is my privilege and pleasant duty to bring you this evening cordial greetings from the Department of Phar- macy and to assure you of our hearty support in every- thing that may tend to advance the interests and welfare of our great association of schools. The Maryland Col- lege of Pharmacy, which for over sixty years maintained an honorable independent existence as a training school for young pharmacists, has, as you are aware, recently become a part of the historic University, and its faculty and students alike have become loyal members of your stu- dent body. To many of you it may not be known that as early as 1845 the affiliation which has now been consum- mated, was foreshadowed, when Prof. David Stewart, the first incumbent of a separate and distinct chair of phar- macy in the United States, delivered a course of lectures in the halls of the University. I have in my possession a letter addressed to Professor Stewart at that time by the medical students, asking that they be permitted to attend his lectures on pharmacy, and it is needless to say that such permission was cheerfully granted. During that winter medical and pharmaceutical students jointly at- tended Professor Stewart's lectures deUvered in Chemical Hall, thus marking the first close intercourse between the classes of allied professions. To prove still more our fealty and deep interest in the future of the University of Maryland, our alumni of all ages have come tonight to join in the development and adoption of plans that shall lead to a successful and UNIVERSITY OF MARYLAND 57 memorable celebration in May next of the one-hundredth anniversary of our institution's birth. I am glad to be able to tell you that a member of our first graduating class, of 1842, now in his eighty-fourth year, has responded to the general invitation sent to all alumni and has come here tonight to testify by his presence to the good will of all graduates of the pharmacy department toward the uni- versity in general, and to assure the Board of Regents that they are ever ready to contribute their share to the general uplifting and improvement of the University of Maryland, until it shall have become one of the leading institutions of its kind in our great country. On behalf of Pharmacy then do I offer you hearty cooperation in everything that may be deemed desirable to advance the status of the University as an educational factor, and we join you in a fervent prayer that its future may even be more glorious and prosperous than its past. THE DEPARTMENT OF ARTS AND SCIENCES. BY PRESIDENT THOMAS FELL, ST. JOHN's COLLEGE, ANNAPOLIS, MD. DELIVERED AT THE MASS MEETING OF ALL ALUMNI, JANUARY 22, 1907. It is suggested on the program that I should speak about the department of arts and sciences as represented by St. John's College. In my mind's eye I go back to 1696 — more than 200 years ago — and see the old Colonial school, King William's on State House Hill, in Annapolis, which was the first free public school in America. I mentally review the many eminent men who were educated there and who gave honor and distinction to their State and country. A century elapses, and I reach the time when it was urged by the citizens of Annapolis, in 1784, that King William's School, although a classical institution was inadequate to meet the educational demands of the age, and when the charter now possessed by St. John's was framed — a charter which designated the college as the Maryland University in embryo. Another quarter of a century goes by, and in 1807 a medical school was estabhshed in Baltimore, very largely due to the efforts and activities of graduates of St. John's College. Five years later, in 1812, with this school as its base, there sprang, it may be said, from the seed sown by St. John's, a new University of Maryland, instituted by the State in the city of Baltimore, whose centennial is to be celebrated in May. It is needless to recount the honors and dignities won in the succeeding years by the sons of these segregated schools UNIVERSITY OF MARYLAND 59 and colleges; suffice it to say that the list is one of which we have every reason to be proud, and that it extends throughout another century, until, in 1907, we find St. John's once more taking her position by her sons in Balti- more and adding to them the luster and prestige which she has been accumulating for a period of more than 200 years. When so constituted there are but two universities in America that can vie with the University of Maryland in seniority, in history and renown. It is a heritage of which the State of Maryland and this city of Baltimore should be proud. A university looked at externally is a thing of buildings, of libraries, of laboratories and lecture halls, of endow- ments and apparatus, but none of these things make a university. A university justifies itself in the present age just so far as it is a home of ideahsm. It has been said that to promote this idea two factors are essential- unity and harmony. Faculties, students, plans must all be united, so that without rivalry or needless repetition all our forces may be combined to advance the projects in view. Nor should we rest contented with what has already been done. There should be many colleges grouped under the iegis of a true university, and it is not necessary for any member of the group to lose its individuality. We must have our school of technology, our school of music, our school of fine arts, and all these we have right here under our hand in Baltimore. But a university is a good deal more than a federation of colleges. It is the exponent of the idea that beyond the work of any college is the work of all the colleges of the group. This is our dream. It is the picture of a river flowing through a thirsty plain. Up in the hills where the stream arises is the old schoolhouse. To give the 60 THE CENTENNIAL CELEBRATION spring to the river, the water to the world, the university to the state — that is the task which confronts us here — to place this University of Maryland upon a solid founda- tion in this grand old State of Maryland. RETROSPECT AND RESULTS OF MASS MEETING HELD JANUARY 22, 1907. For the first time in the history of the Maryland Uni- versity, all living alumni whose addresses could be found in the accessible registers of the legal, medical, dental and pharmaceutic professions, had received an invitation to gather at the hearth of their Alma Mater for a reunion in preparation of her One-Hundredth Anniversary. Aside from the members of the Board of Regents and the various teaching faculties, approximately six hundred alumni met at the banquet board at the Germania Msennerchor Hall. Notable among the banqueters were the alumni of St. John's College, which had just recently affiliated and become the Department of Arts and Sciences of the University of 'Maryland. As the Baltimore Sun states, they were enthusiastic to their fingers' tips, and enlivened the meeting by their college songs and made " the welkin ring" with their class yells. The alumni and their former teachers being seated at fourteen very long tables were led in their songs by Dr. B. Merrill Hopkinson, an alum- nus both of the Medical and Dental Departments and the most eminent baritone vocalist in the city. It was by far the most important meeting of the alumni of the Univer- sity that had been held up to that date. Among the alumni was Dr. John Krozer, who graduated from the Medical Department in 1848, an alumnus who at the date of this writing, 1908, graduated sixty years ago. Dr. William C. Kloman had graduated in 1855, i. e., fifty-two years ago. Tho venerable chairman of the meeting. Dr. Henry M. 62 THE CENTENNIAL CELEBRATION Wilson, had graduated fifty-seven years ago, being an alumnus of the Medical Department, Class of 1850. Professor Samuel C. Ghew, one of the principal orators, had taken his degree in 1858, being an alumnus at the date of this writing of fifty years' standing. Dr. A. P. Sharp, who was present, graduated in Phar- macy in 1842, an alumnus of the Department of Pharmacy of 65 years' standing. There are few universities in America, certainly not more than a half-dozen can point to a more time-honored record and a larger number of distinguished alumni. That approximately six hundred men should have gath- ered in the midst of a severe winter was most assuring of their loyalty, some of them coming from a great distance, for the account of this meeting given in the Baltim.ore Sun, of January 23, gives the complete hst of names of alumni, some of whom give their address in Virginia, West Virginia, North Carolina, South Carohna, Delaware, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, Texas and lUinois, and had not the weather been so inclement it is probable there would have been a still larger attendance. But then it is not to be forgotten that thousands of alumni who were unable to attend were for the first timie inform^ed through the printed circular mailed to them of the plans of the coming Centennial Celebration and of the re-birth of their Alma Mater. The large hall was filled with fifteen long tables, at each of which were seated from forty to forty-five guests; and on the stage sat the eminent men who had helped to make the University a beacon Hght of knowledge. As Dr. Thomas Fell stated in his address of that evening, this celebration and [mass meeting cem_ented the links' between St. John's College and the University of Mary- land, for through this affiliation the University of Mary- land at once became the heir to the history of St. John's UNIVERSITY OF MARYLAND 63 College and could extend its ancestry backwards not one hundred, but two hundred years. A great work had already been accomplished, although the Centennial Cele- bration was still over four months distant. The alumni felt that a spirit of harmony and unity pervaded the academic administration of the University. The State had recognized the renown and the services of this Uni- versity by granting it the largest legislative appropriation that had been made in a century. Endowments had been guaranteed by the recent legacies of Dr. Wm. H. Crim and the late Mr. Joshua G. Harvey, the former president of the Western National Bank; and although these grants were not in hand, they gave promise of a substantial endowment in the future. So that the meeting was productive of the highest good. The public, the people of Maryland, and especially the alumni had been made familiar with the dawn of a new era in the history of this venerable institution. But over and above all this, between $7000 and 18000 was subscribed that very evening at the banquet board, con- cerning which noble effort we shall quote from the Balti- more Sun of January 23 : That they were really in earnest was shown by the fact that within a few minutes $5000 was subscribed with another $1000 conditional upon the subscription of a like amount during the evening. At a late hour there was no doubt that the money necessary to secure the last $1000 would be given, thus making a grand total of $7000. Those giving the first $5000 were: Mrs. John C. Hemmeler : . . $1,000 . 00 Prof. John C. Hemmeter 500 . 00 Prof. Randolph \\ inslow 500.00 Prof. Samuel C. Chew 500.00 Prof. R. Dorsey Coaie 500.00 Prof. Charles W. Mitchell 500 . 00 Prof. L. Earnest Neale 500 . 00 Prof. Thomas A. Ashby 500. 00 Prof. J. HolmesSmith 500.00 # 64 THE CENTENNIAL CELEBRATION Those pledging an additional $500 each, conditional upon the rais- ing of an additional $1000 were Professors Hemmeter and Winslow. "There is a tide in the affairs of man, Which, taken at the flood, leads on to fortune; Omitted, all the voyage of their life Is bound in shallows and in miseries." f w i 8 t( 1|P rmoll 'j'gbisi oldiiio \L.L ,[IhJ[-^niT oii^J. .0 .Ul I.M ,§ni>I .T nrloL .91 THE CENTENNIAL COMMITTEE 1. Honorable Judge Henry Stockbridge 2. Henry P. Hynson, Phar.D. 3. Nathan Winslow, B.A., M.D. 4. Isaac H. Davis, M.D., D.D.S. 5. Randolph Winslow, A.B., A.M., M.D. 6. Thomas Fell, M.A., Ph.D., LL.D. 7. Thomas A. Ashby, M.D. 8. John C. Hemmeter, Ph.D., M.D., LL.D., President of the Centennial. 9. T. O. Heatwole, M.D., D.D.S. 10. G. Lane Taneyhill, A.M., M.D. 11. John Prentiss Poe, LL.D. 12. B. Merrill Hopkinson, A.M., M.D., D.D.S. 13. Oregon Milton Dennis, LL.B. 14. W. Calvin Chestnut, LL.B. 15. R. Dorsey Coale, B.A., Phil.D. 16. John T. King, M.D. 17. David M. R. Culbreth, Phar.D., M.D. 18. Edgar H. Gans, LL.B. THE PROCEEDINGS OF THE CENTENNIAL COMMITTEE, THE PREPARATIONS AND EVENTS LEADING UP TO THE FIRST DAY OF THE CENTENNIAL CELEBRATION, THURSDAY, MAY 30. After the mass meeting of alumni on January 22, the authorities of the University through their appointed committees, as well as the Alumni Associations of the different departments in Baltimore, Philadelphia, Wash- ington, Pittsburg, Chicago, and other cities, held frequent meetings to prepare for the great academic festival. At all of the meetings of the Faculty of Law, Medicine, Dentistry, Pharmacy, and of the Faculty of Liberal Arts of St. John's College, the plans for the Centennial were discussed. All of these bodies had organized into a large Centennial Committee, of which Prof. John C. Hemmeter was the President, and Dr. B. Merrill Hopkinson was the permanent Secretary. The actual business in all the preparations was, how- ever, executed by the so-called Executive Committee, which was composed of the Regents Committee and the chairmen of all the other committees. This made a dehberating body of eighteen men, who met twice every month at the building of the Germania Club, 406-408 West Fayette Street. The Regents in the meanwhile had more frequent meetings, their place of assembly being for the time the Hall of the Superior Court in the new Court Building, Fayette and Calvert Streets. The details of the main academic ceremonies on May 31 were later on entrusted to a special committee, which was 66 THE CENTENNIAL CELEBRATION composed of the Chairman of the Centennial Committee, Prof. J. C. Hemmeter; Judge Henry B. Harlan, of the Department of Law; Prof. R. Dorsey Coale, Dean of the Faculty of Medicine ; Dr. Isaac S. Davis, of the Faculty of Dentistry; Prof. Chas. Caspari, Jr., Dean of the Faculty of Pharmacy; Prof. Thomas Fell, President of St. John's College. The decorations of the inside and outside of the build- ing was left to the supervision of the Centennial Com- mittee. When the date of the Centennial Celebration was five weeks off, weekly meetings were held, and during the final week there were daily meetings of the Executive Committee. The laudatory comments of the presidents and represent- atives of other universities attending the celebration concerning the precision and smoothness with which all of the various ceremonies and functions were transacted were singularly unanimous. All of the daily papers spoke of the systematic and well-organized manner in which the programmes of the four days of the celebration were executed. The Chairman of the Centennial Committee received letters and expressions of admiration and congratulation on the disciphne of the principal academic ceremonies from such men as Dr. Daniel C. Oilman, the First President of the Johns Hopkins University; Dr. Samuel J. Meltzer, Director of the Rockefeller Institute, New York; Prof. Wil- liam T. Councilman, of Harvard University; Prof. William H. Welch, Baltimore; and President G. Stanley Hall, of Clark University, Worcester, Mass. There were many more personal and written testimonials commenting in a very favorable manner upon the regularity in which the various features of the Centennial took place. This fact deserves emphatic mention because it speaks of the indefatigable perseverance and industry of all the mem- ^ tp .a i 1 -S r I \0 I ^ ^ 4 ^ UNIVERSITY OF MARYLAND 67 bers of the Centennial Committee, and of the sustained loyalty of the Alumni to their Alma Mater. When the first day of the Centennial approached, so thoroughly had every thing been prepared and so well drilled was every one in the particulars of the duties assigned to him, that no one connected with the various administrative bodies of the University felt the slightest apprehension of the complete success of this undertaking, nor was there any disappointment in this expectation; for every detail of all the programmes was carried out to the letter. It was no small undertaking. Here was a celebration of four days' duration, to be carried out in two different cities, Baltimore and AnnapoUs, and programmes to be executed sometimes in two buildings on the same day. Thousands of visiting alumni were to be welcomed and accommodated. The visiting representatives of many other universities had to be officially received, and the greetings from many American and foreign universities had to be read and acknowledged. Arrangements for the conferring of over two hundred and thirty regular degrees and thirty-four honorary degrees had to be made. A great academic banquet was to be held in the large Auditorium of the Lyric (Music Hall), at which there were to be toasts by the representative men of the State. Part of the programme included an excursion by boat as well as by train to Annapolis, where a bronze shield com- memorating the affiliation of the University of Maryland with St. John's College, of Annapohs, was to be presented in the name of the Regents of the University. In March, 1907, eight thousand engraved invitations were sent out to all of the alumni who as far as could be ascertained were still living in the United States, Canada, Mexico and other foreign countries. The same invitations were sent to every American university and college con- 68 THE CENTENNIAL CELEBRATION ferring degrees; also to all universities in foreign countries. This was quite an undertaking in itself, and required a committee with linguistic versatility. The invitation, which was enclosed in two strong envelopes, a copy of which can be seen in the following, bore the official seal of the University, " Sigillum Academice Terrce Mar ice MDCCCVII.'' It contained a special engraved card requesting a reply to Prof. John Prentiss Poe, LL.D., University of Maryland. In the same envelope was contained an eight-page programme (9 x 14 cm.) which was fastened with a silk cord of maroon and black, the official colors of this University. The first page bore the seal of the University, and the second page the dates 1807 and 1907, with the University Motto, "Omnia Autem Probate Quod Bonum est Tenete.'' The programme fol- lows: 1807 1907 "Omnia probate — Bonum tenete" SYNOPSIS OP CEREMONIES COMMEMORATING THE 100th ANNIVERSARY OP THE UNIVERSITY OF MARYLAND BALTIMORE, MD. THURSDAY, MAY 30 TO SUNDAY, JUNE 2 INCLUSIVE, 1907. THURSDAY, MAY 30. 11.00 A.M. Reception of Representatives from other Universities, invited guests, visiting Alumni and Candidates for regular degrees. University Campus: Lombard and Greene streets. 12.00 M. Luncheon — Nurses' Parlor, University Hospital. Afternoon. Inspection of Buildings, Hospital and Laboratories. Evening. Class Dinners, Reunions, Collations. Details to be announced later UNIVERSITY OF MARYLAND 69 FRIDAY, MAY 31. 10:00 A.M. Academic Ceremonies. The Lyric. Address by Professor Francis Landey Patton, D.D., LL.D., etc., President of the Theological Seminary of and Ex-President of Princeton University. Address by Professor G. Stanley Hall, M.A., Phil.D., LL.D., etc.. President of Clark University. Conferring of Regular Degrees, (a) Academic (6) Medicine (c) Law (d) Dentistry (e) Pharmacy Conferring of Honorary Degrees. The Regents, Faculties, Invited Guests, Alumni, Candidates for regular Degrees will assemble in the smaller hall of the Lyric, facing Mt. Royal Ave., second floor. The Undergraduates will assemble as follows: Medical and Dental — in the waiting room to the right of the lobby. Law, Pharmacy and Academic in the waiting room to the left of the lobby on the ground floor. Academic Costume for all Participants. 7:00 P.M. Academic Banquet. The Lyric. Subscriptions, five dollars ($5.00), to be mailed to G. Lane Taneyhill, M.D., Chairman Banquet Committee, 1103 Madison Ave., Baltimore, Md. Details of addresses, orchestral and choral music to be announced later, SATURDAY, JUNE 1. Reception and Concert on the Campus of St. John's College, Annapolis (the Academic Department of the University of Maryland). The Steamer Latrobe will leave Baltimore 12 M. Luncheon on board dur- ing the trip. 8:00 P.M. Students' evening at Electric Park, Belvedere, near Park Heights Ave. SUNDAY, JUNE 2. Mount Vernon M.E. Church, Mount Vernon Place, 11 A.M., Baccalaureate Sermon by Rt. Rev. Luther B. Wilson, M.D., D.D. (Alumnus School of Medicine, University of Maryland, 1877). The Regents, Faculties and Invited Guests, Alumni, including the graduates of May 31st, as well as the undergraduates of all departments, will assemble in the Lecture Room of the Mount Vernon M. E. Church at 10.30 A.M. Academic Costume. COMMITTEE OF REGENTS. John C. Hemmeter, M.D., Phil.D., LL.D., Chairman, W. Calvin Chestnut, LL.B. Edgar H. Gans, LL.B. John P. Poe, LL.D. R. Dorsey Coale, Ph.D. Chas. W. Mitchell, M.A., M.D. David M.R. Culbreth, A.M., Ph.G., M.D. 70 THE CENTENNIAL CELEBRATION CHAIRMEN OF COMMITTEES. Honorary Degrees John P. Poe, LL.D Endowment John C. Hemmeter, M.D., Phil.D., LL.D Finance Thos. A. Ashby, M.D Music B. Merrill Hopkinson, M.D Programmes, Printing, Invitations, etc J. L. V. Murphy, LL.B Press and Publication Oregon M. Dennis, LL.B Reception T. O. Heatwole, M.D., D.D.S Banquet G. Lane Taneyhill, M.D Orators W. Calvin Chestnut, LL.B Academic Costume Thomas Fell, A.M., Ph.D., LL.D Hospitality Nathan Winslow, B.A., M.D Ladies' Reception and Entertaiment Mrs. Samuel C. Chew OPENING DAY OF THE CENTENNIAL CELEBRA- TION, THURSDAY, MAY 30, 1907. Freudig begriissen wir die edle Halle Wo Kunst und Frieden immer nur verweil Wo lange noch der Ruf erschalle " Academios Terroe Marioe," Heil {Modification of chorus of Knights, from Second Act of Tannhduser.) program of university of MARYLAND Centennial Celebration For Thursday, May 30, and Saturday, June 1, 1907 {For Friday's and Sunday's Exercises see Special Program) Thursday, May 30, 11 A.M. ANATOMICAL HALL. 1. Overture (William Tell) Rossini Orchestra 2. Invocation Rev. John Timothy Stone 3. Official Announcements Prof. John C. Hemmeter, Phil.D., M.D., etc. 4. Largo Handel Orchestra 5. Address of Welcome J. Harry Tregoe, Esq. 6. Intermezzo (Cavalleria Rusticana) Mascagni Orchestra 7. Address Prop. Samuel C. Chew, M.D. 8. Benediction 9. March Berlioz 71 UNIVERSITY OF MARYLAND Orchestra LUNCHEON AT HOSPITAL Inspection of Buildings, Hospital, Laboratories, Libraries, Lecture Halls, etc. Glorious and bright was the day. A golden sunshine illumined the stately and venerable medical building, draped with green festoons and decorated with many flags of the Nation and State. A colossal shield representing the seal of the University had been placed over the center of the eight great Ionic columns that support the roof of this classical building. A pleasant cool breeze kept the flags, buntings and festoons in continual slight agitation. The following is an account taken from the Baltimore Sun of May 31, 1907, giving a graphic description of the scene on the campus on the opening day. The Sun on that day had an account of four entire columns including a reproduction of the outside of the old building, which was constructed after the style of the Pantheon at Rome. HOMAGE TO ALMA MATER. Old Students Gather Again at Maryland University. LIKE FAMILY BIRTHDAY PARTY. Congratulations from Universities the World Over Announced at Opening Meeting of Centennial. Saluted by the greatest educational institutions in the world, honored by the presence of prominent educators and embraced again for a four days' course of affectionate homage by hundreds of the men who have gone out into the world and added to its luster, the Univer- sity of Maryland began the celebration of its Centennial yesterday. It was the most glorious day in all its history. The faculty, the thousands of alumni, the students and the thousands of Baltimoreans and Marylanders who cherish the institution among the most vener- able in the State had cause to rejoice at the worthy beginning of the 72 THE CENTENNIAL CELEBRATION celebration. After all, though, it was only the beginning of the big birthday party, which will continue today, tomorrow and Sunday. In forming the big family gathering assembled to do honor to the alma mater the sons of the institution have not only come from great distances, but they have brought greetings and recollections from a lapse of time that covers half of its one hundred years of history. If all the old fellows could be placed in a row, and one after another given a chance to tell some incident of the throbbingly interesting history of the old school the tale would go on and on almost without end. But the story is to be told more formally and the first chapter of it was given in the morning at the opening exercises in the anatomical hall. OLD DAYS ON CAMPUS RECALLED. An hour before 11 a. m., the time set for the exercises, the campus was crowded. There the first handshake, which is one of the pleasures that the old graduates value more perhaps that all the other cere- monies of the reunion, occurred. The bright warm sun made it seem just Uke the day years ago — few or many, according to the color of the whiskers of the handshakers — when they took their last grip before rushing off to see what kind of a living they could make with their degree. There was a reception committee to make all the visitors feel at home, but no committee was needed for that. On the campus every- thing looked just like it did so many years ago that no one who had tramped across it for three years could feel otherwise than at home. There was such a din and turmoil and jollification that the bell signahng the opening of the exercises in the large sky-Ut Anatomical Hall was not heard by the throng that filled the corridors, library and Dean's office. Suddenly, however, the Brass Chorus of Itzel's Grand Orchestra sounded the fanfare from Beethoven's Leonore Overture No. 2 from the top of the stair case, and during several repetitions of this inspiring music the Alumni and guests thronged into the great hall, which was also handsomely decorated by festoons of green oak leaves and buntings. A grand orchestra was seated in the upper- most tier of the hall. The regents and professors of the University occupied the seats in the rear of the Lecturer's circle All were bid to enter the old hall, many fingered just long enough to be left behind. The hall could not hold them all, so those who could not squeeze in continued their chatting while the exercises were in progress. UNIVERSITY OF MARYLAND 73 Prof. John C. Hemmeter presided, and after the fanfare music subsided called on Rev. John Timothy Stone for prayer. The prayer, dehvered fervently by Dr. Stone, seemed to give a worshipful tone to the gathering. THE CEREMONIES OF THURSDAY MAY 30, IN THE OLD UNIVERSITY BUILDING. "Sound, sound the clarion; fill the fife; To all the sensual world proclaim, One crowded hour of glorious life Is worth an age without a name." —Sir Walter Scott. Before the great audience had even calmed down, the grand orchestra under the direction of Prof. John Itzel began R^ossini's magnificent Overture to WiUiam Teh. The outburst of the brass instruments towards the latter part of this overture eventually overcame the din made by the assembly and by hundreds who were standing out- side in the corridors having found it impossible to gain entrance into the hall. Prof. John C. Hemmeter, Chair- man of the Committee of Regents, presided, and after the overture introduced Rev. Dr. John Timothy Stone, the Pastor of Brown Memorial Presbyterian Church, at the same time requesting the audience to rise. Doctor Stone delivered an inspiring invocation, the principal sen- timents of which were evolved from Psalm CXI, verse 10, " The fear of the Lord is the beginning of wisdom. A good understanding have all they who do His command- ments. His praise endureth forever." The audience having resumed their seats after the prayer. Professor Hemmeter dehvered the official an- nouncements which embodied a brief address of welcome and the reading and acknowledgment of official academic greetings received from universities and colleges from all parts of the United States and Canada, and from the universities of Germany, England, France, Austria, Russia, 74 THE CENTENNIAL CELEBRATION Spain, Portugal, Italy, Sweden and Denmark, Australia, Japan, Switzerland, a detailed list of which is given below. In welcoming the alumni, academic delegates and the attending ladies and gentlemen. Professor Hemmeter said. " On this day of honor to this ancient university, on this day so full of memories of the past, so full of hopes for the future; on this day when God's bright and glorious sun, upon whose rays and warmth all life depends, sends us propitious greeting to the opening of our centenary festivities; on this day let us cast aside that reserve and conservatism with which the modern so-called cultured human being incases his soul. Fellow-alumni and friends, the Regents of this Univer- sity have deigned to select me as their impotent mouth- piece, and thereby — as my present emotions convince me — have imposed a task which I am quite incapable of performing. These regents, professors and teachers ex- tend to you a most cordial greeting' and say: ' 'Brother and sister, be welcome — ^heartily welcome — at the hearth of our Alma Mater." A large number of universities and colleges of this and other countries were represented by personal delegates, a partial list of which is herewith presented : UNIVERSITY REPRESENTATIVES. Cambridge (England) — Mr. H. H. Patterson. Edinburgh (Scotland) — Dr. Thomas L. Shearer. Harvard University — Dr. William S. Thayer. Yale University — Prof. William Carmalt. University of Pennsylvania — Vice Prevost Edgar F. Smith. Columbia University — Dean James E. Russell. Brown University — Mr. J. Harry Tyler. Washington College (Maryland) — President James Cain. Georgetown University — Mr. Harry E. Mann. Wilhams College — ^Prof . E. H. Griffin, Dean of Johns Hopkins University. University of North Carohna — Dr. R. H. Johnston. UNIVERSITY OF MARYLAND 75 University of Berlin (Germany) — Prof. C. A. Ewald. Amherst College — Rev. Arthur Chilton Powell. George Washington University — President Charles W. Needham. Philadelphia College of Pharmacy — Prof. Joseph P. Remington. Dickinson College — Mr. George R. Willis. Indiana University — -Dr. Barton N. Everman. Western Reserve— Mr. William H. Baldwin. Toronto (Canada) — President Maurice Hutton and Dr. R. A. Reeve, President of the British Medical Association. New York University — Prof. Frederick Wilkens. University of Michigan — Dr. John J. Abel. Mount Holyoke College — Miss Jean D. Cole. Queen's University (Canada) — Dr. A. L. Clark. Ohio Wesleyan — President W. P. Thirkield. Bucknell University — President Harris. Rock Hill College — Mr. J. Fred Conrad, Jr. Maryland Agricultural College — President R. W. Silvester. Lehigh— Prof. Wilham C. Thayer. Howard Univeisity — President W. P. Thirkield. Unversity of Illinois — President Edmund C. Jones. Johns Hopkins University — President Ira Remsen. Woman's College of Baltimore — Prof. W. H. Maltbie. University of Chicago — President Jordan. Harvard Medical School — Prof. H. C. Ernst. Johns Hopkins Medical School — Dr. J. Whitridge Williams. Purdue University, Edw. G. Maline Baltimore City College — Prof. F. A. Soper. McDonogh Institute — Prof. A. M. Isanogle. Maryland State Normal School — Pres. G. W. Ward. Theological Seminary, Auburn N. Y. — Pres. G. B. Stewart. University of Pennsylvania — Dr. Alex. C. Abbott. Clark University, Mass. — Pres. G. Stanley Hall. Princeton University — Pres. Francis L. Patton. Rockefeller Institute for Medical Research, N. Y. — Dr. Simon Flexner, and Dr. Samuel James Meltzer. U. S. Marine Hospital Service — Genl. Walter Wyman (Supervising Surgeon General). Michigan University — J. O. Schlotterbeck. Bates College — President Geo. Colby Chase. Polytechnic Institute, Worcester, Mass. — President Augler. Next followed an announcement of all the universities that were represented not by personal representatives, but by academic greetings that had been received in response to the invitation. Many of these documents were beautifully engrossed and all of them bore the official seal of the university which they represented. Of such 76 THE CENTENNIAL CELEBRATION priceless value are these messages that the Regents have ordered them to be preserved, bound in a specially de- signed huge volume, each academic greeting accompanied by a special legend describing the message they convey and the name of the university sending them. This volume of compiled academic greetings has been ordered to be kept in safe deposit. Many hundreds of individual greetings by scholars the world over were also read by Prof. J. C. Hemmeter on this occasion. We regret that only a partial list of these per- sonal letters can be offered. The subjoined is a tabula- tion of the academic greetings as received by the Regents of the University and announced on this occasion. It is needless to say that all of these greetings were answered by an official engrossed letter ordered by the Regents of the University of Maryland, and mailed to every Univer- sity in the subjoined list by Prof. John P. Poe, LL.D. ACADEMIC GREETINGS. The Wistar Insitute of Anatomy, Philadelphia, Pa. Pratt Institute, Brooklyn, N. Y. Magdalen College — Oxford, England. General Theological Seminary — New York. Columbia University — New York. Baylor College — ^Waco, Texas. Whitman College — Walla Walla, Wash. Radcliffe College, Cambridge, Mass. Adolph College, Brooklyn, N. Y. Bryn Mawr College, Bryn Mawr, Pa. Jefferson Medical College, Philadelphia, Pa. Haverford College. The University of Nebraska, Lincoln, Neb. College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York. University of Colorado, Boulder, Col. Kentucky School of Medicine, Louisville, Ky. Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Boston, Mass. University of Vermont, Burlington, Vt. Swarthmore College, Swarthmore, Pa. University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, O. Lane Theological Seminary, Cincinnati, O. Pennsylvania State College, Pennsylvania. UNIVERSITY OF MARYLAND 77 Massachusetts Agricultural College, Amherst, Mass. Pittsburg College of Pharmacy, Pittsburg, Pa. University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wis. Hampton Normal and Agricultural Institute, Hampton, Va. Leland Stanford University, California. Mt. Holyoke College, South Hadley, Mass. University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tenn. University of Missouri,^ Columbia, Mo. Universidad De La Habana, Cuba. Syracuse University, New York. Dartmouth College, Hanover, Pa. Union College, Schenectady, N. Y. Wellesley College, Wellesley, Mass. Muhlenburg College, AUentown, Pa. Bowdoin College, Brunswick, Me. Episcopal Theological School, Cambridge, Mass. New York University, New York. Mt. Vernon Seminary, Washington, D. C. University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minn. New Hampshire College, Durham, N. H. University of Dublin, Ireland. University of London, England. Fisk University, Nashville, Tenn. Lebanon Valley College, Anville, Pa. Atlanta University, Atlanta, Ga. Peabody Conservatory of Music, Baltimore, Md. Wesley an University, Middletown, Ct. State Normal School, Frostburg, Md. New York Polytechnic Institute, New York. Theological Seminary, Auburn, N. Y. Bucknell College, Lewisburg, Pa. Teacher's College, Columbia University, New York. Die Grossherzogl. & Herzogl. Sachsische Gesammt-Universitat, Jena, Sachsen- Weimar Universite de Lausanne, Lausanne, Schweiz. L'Universite de Freibourg, Freibourg, Switzerland. Academie de Dijon, Universite de France, Dijon, France. Prof. Adolf Schmidt, University of Halle, Germany. University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Holland. Kgl. Kais. Franz Josefs Univer., Wien-Austria. Konighche Universitat Halle-Wittenberg, Halle, Germany. Konigl. Bairisch Universitat Erlangen, Erlangen, Bavaria. Pharmakologisches Institut der Universitat, Strassburg, Prof. Edwin Faust. University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kan. Universite de Lyon, Lyon, France. Philadelphia College of Pharmacy, Philadelphia, Pa. Universite de Geneve, Geneva, Switzerland. Universitatis Salut Leopolitanae, Lemberg, Austria. Universitat Heidelberg, Heidelberg. 78 THE CENTENNIAL CELEBRATION Rector und Senat der K. Julius Maximilians Univ., Wiirzburg. Rector und Senat der Riiks Universiteit, Gronigen, Holland. Academia Ludoviciana Universitat zu, Giessen, Hessen, Germany. Gesellschaft fiir Innere Medizin U. Kinderheilkunde, Wien. Senate of the University of Leiden, Prof. W. Nolen, Leiden, Holland. University of Madras, Chancellor Hon. Arthur Lawley, Ootacamund, India. Universite de Lille, Lille, France. Universitat Bern, Bern, Schweiz. Magdalen College, Oxford. Union Theological Seminary, University of Edinburg, Edinburg. University of Chicago, Chicago. North Carohna Medical College, Charlotte, N. C. Columbia University, Medical Dept., New York. Amherst College, Amherst, Mass. Ohio Wesleyan University, Ohio. University of London, South Kensington. University of Tokyo, Japan. University of Kiel, Prussia. Universite Libre de Bruxelles, Bruxelles, Belgium. Lake Forest College, Lake Forest, 111. Boston University, Brest. Hunting, Boston, Mass. Queen's College, Belfast, Ireland. Polytechnic Institute, Brooklyn, New York. University of Utrecht, Rector Julius, Holland. Konigl. Kais. Universitat zu Innsbruck, Austria. Universitat Zurich, Dr. Kitzig Heiner, Switzerland. Illinois College, Jacksonville, 111. Dickinson College, Carlisle, Pa. McCormick Theological Seminary, Chicago, 111. University of Cahfornia, Berkeley, Cal. Franklin and Marshall College, Lancaster, Pa. Cornell University, Ithaca, N. Y. KonigHche Friedrich Wilhelms, Universitat zu Beriin, Germany. Universita di Pisa, Pisa, Italy. Victoria University of Manchester, Manchester, England. University of Liverpool, Liverpool. Tulane University of Louisiana, New Orleans, La. University of Leeds, Leeds, England. University d'Aix Marseille, Aix-en-Provence, France. Universite de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France. University of London, Chancellor, South Kensington, Eng. Academie de Montpelher, Montpellier, France. Cooper Medical College, San Francisco, Cal. University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia. University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas. Georg-August Universitat, Gottingen, Germany. Tuskegee Normal and Industrial Insitute, Tuskegee, Alabama. Ohio Medical University, Columbus, Ohio. UNIVERSITY OP MARYLAND 79 Universitat Freiburg, I. Breisgau, Freiburg, Germany. Kyoto Imperial University, Kyoto, Japan. University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wis. University of Sydney, New South Wales, Australia. University of Leipzig, Academic Senate, Prof. Dr. Curschmann. University of Bonn, Germany. New York University, Prof. Frederick Wilkens, New York. Medical Faculty of the Imperial Austrian University, Vienna. University of Upsala, Upsala, Sweden. Imperial Russian University of Charkow, Charkow, Russia. Imperial University of St. Petersburg, St. Petersburg, Russia. Imperial Japanese University of Tokyo, Tokio. University of Padua, Padua, Italy. University of Paris, Prof. Georges Hayem, Paris, France. Prof. Emeritus Md. Col. Pharmacy, Dr. W. Simon. Franzens Universitat, Rektor der K. K. Kar, Graz, Austria. Chanc. Univ. of Montreal, Lord Strathcona and Mt. Royal, Canada. Worcester Polytechnic Institute, Prest. Engler, Worcester, Mass. K. Ludwig, Maximilians Universitat, Miinchen, Germany. University of Miinster, Rector Prof. W. T. Konig, Munster, I. Westfalen, Prussia. Tuft's College, Dr. Fred Hamilton, Mass. Universiteit Leiden, Prof. Dr. W. Einthoven, Holland. J. W. Warren, Boston, Mass. Smith College, Prest. C. C. Seelye, Northampton, Mass. Ripon College, Richard C. Hughes, Ripon, Wis. Hartford Theo. Seminary, Edwin Knox Mitchell, Hartford, Conn. University of Leiden, Prof. A. W. Nieuwenhuis, Leiden, Netherlands. University of Leiden, Prof. E. C. Van Leersum, Leiden, Holland. Dr. John F. Armentrout, Staunton, Va. Vanderbilt University, J. H. Kirkland, Nashville, Tenn. Dr. C. L. Furman, Brooklyn, N. Y. Benj. I. Cohen, Portland, Ore. Dr. R. W. Fisher, Morgantown, W. Va. Prof. Abraham Jacobi, New York. Bishop of Delaware, Wilmington, Del. University of Padua, Dr. Polacco, the Rector, Padua, Italy. Geheimer Rath Prof. Dr. C. A. Ewald, University of BerHn. Der Rector Geh. Rath Prof. Dr. Grafe, University of Bonn. Dr. Ludwig Aldor, Budapest. Prof. W. D. HaUiburton, Kings College, England. Prof. E. von Leyden, University of Berlin, Berlin. Prof. Nicholas Senn, Rush Medical College, University of Chicago. One of the, most gratifying features of this announce- ment was the unexpected arrival, just before the meet- ing of this day, of a number of cablegrams from univer- sities, which although they had sent an academic greeting 80 THE CENTENNIAL CELEBRATION by mail claimed the honor of emphasizing their congrat- ulation by a special telegraphic message received on the very opening day of the Centennial festivities. Thus the University of Charkow, Russia, cabled, "Hail to the Univer- sity of Maryland. May her future he replete with blessings.'^ The Imperial Japanese University at Tokyo cabled, "Heartiest congratulations of the authorities and faculties of the University of Tokyo.^' For lack of space it is imprac- ticable to reproduce all of the telegraphic greetings, but we cannot refrain from giving one of the most eloquent and impressive sentiments received by cable. It was from the Imperial University of St. Petersburg, and read as follows : " The Imperial University of St. Petersburg sends her illustrious trans-Atlantic sister homage and greeting in the name of Science, which overbridges oceans and binds nations together in one great brotherhood.'' Signed "The Rector Magnificus v. Borgman." Prof. Henry Kraemer, of the Philadelphia College of Pharmacy, presented and read in person a beautifully engrossed address from the faculty of his institution, and Mr. Harry E. Mann, of Georgetown University, Washington, presented and read a greeting engrossed in an admirable manner in the name of the faculty of his insti- tution. Both of these greetings are reproduced in the following text. To the Regents, Provost, Professors and Students of the University of Maryland, Greeting: It is memorable that among the Pilgrim Fathers to the Terra Marise, there was a college dean, and when six years after their arrival, in 1640, our oldest American University installed its first president, a project was formed for a similar institution in Maryland. Again in the auspicious year in which your arts and sciences saw UNIVERSITY OF MARYLAND 81 the light, John Carroll was one of a committee of five to solicit funds for the sustenance of the tender infant cra- dled by the side of Severn. As the scions and inheritors of the aims, spirit and labor of White, Carroll, the Faculty of Georgetown University, a Maryland foundation, may lay claim to more than distant kinship and press forward eagerly and joyously to offer their Centennial tribute. Without own secular laurels, we come to crown the Genius of your University, to decorate the roll of your illustrious names and weave the garland of eulogy around your achievements in the sunlit realms of knowledge and hu- manity. We tender you our felicitations with all the pride and affection of kin and the warm cordiality of col- leagues. And as from this summit of a centur}^, we sur- vey the fair world of your success, with you we lift our heads higher to recognize with grateful hearts the Infinite Mind, from whose luminous energies they have ema- nated, and gladly join you in the refrain appropriated from the great seal of your State : Domine, Scuto Bonae Volun- tatis Tuae Coronasti Nos. With our congratulations we link our warmest wishes for the centuries to follow; as colleagues and brothers shall we be allowed to tender them somewhat in particu- lar? Whilst the light of learning so admirably diffused lies pleasantly on the retrospect, a brighter, more inspir- ing sun shines on our prospect. Another age of the uni- versities even greater than that which saw Europe rear her temples of thought, has been ushered in by intellectual aspiration sustained by m.aterial millions. From the minds and methods established in these halls, the nation expects the progress of the world. Hence the necessity of investing ourselves with corporate authority for true wisdom and sound knowledge in theory and practice. The lecturer, the publicist, the experimentalist m.ay sway the volatile crowd with his individual opinion, but the con- 82 THE CENTENNIAL CELEBRATION servative men of reflection who are the stamina of the time and race will be led by the reliable academic staff alone. Credited with the responsibility for the utter- ances of its professors and mindful of this trust with vigilant fidehty, the University will prove an infalHble and incorruptible oracle of truth and action. Upon the tide of admiration for knowledge advancing from our schools, libraries, periodicals, our profession is exalted; and the respect which the great university pro- fessor commands among his students enables him to be a legislator for the virtues of the man and citizen. The new era needs a reinforcement of discipUne; it clamors for conscience as well as cognition; a moral power must mold the ductile will. It will enhance the brilHancy of the lecture, if it sparkle with some gem |or morality first admired and afterwards worn on the white bosom of the class in principles of truth, justice, charity, self-control, industry. In the light of the solemn day, the student of the next century, as he pauses to examine the past, will admit that his predecessor may perhaps have unduly magnified social and athletic claims; that the vision of etheral truth and beauty by the midnight lamp is nobler than the revel of the wee sma' hours, and that physical grace can be developed with less expenditure of brain and time. Will he not also grow to be mature enough to grapple with the multiplying and perplexing social and poHtical problems that men of education often unwisely and undutifully abandon to be solved by ignorance and corruption? The well-trained discipline of the univer- sity ought to become the public-spirited preceptor of the classes that are numerically the nation. Colleagues, brothers, as we stand in the joyous morning hght of the University's Centenary, this is an exchange of part of our cordial wishes. May these together with the greater — of organic growth more than conterminous with UNIVERSITY OP MARYLAND 83 the State, of shining magnitude in the American galaxy of sciences, of perpetuation which will reckon this proud century as but a year of infancy, the crown and jubilation of the loyal hearts that ever throb for the glory of Maryland — be realized beyond the ken and compass of our present anticipations. A golden voice with a mission to ring clear through our American cycles, shall pronounce for us a benediction. At the close of a letter to a sister college of Maryland, Washington, who adds to his many titles, that of patron and advocate of education, impressing the seal of religion on his fervent wishes for prosperous devel- opment, says: ''I sincerely pray that the great Author of the Universe may smile upon the institution and make it an extensive blessing to this country." David Hillhouse Buel, S. J. President. Georgetown University, Washington, May 27 , 1907 . ADDRESS TO THE UNIVERSITY OF MARYLAND FROM THE PHILADELPHIA COLLEGE OF PHARMACY. The Philadelphia College of Pharmacy extends to the University of Maryland most cordial greetings on the occasion of your centenary celebration, and we desire to express our best wishes for your future welfare and advancement. We are indebted to your city for our noble Proctor, who for so long helped to guide the destiny of the Phila- delphia College of Pharmacy, and who through his magna- nimity maintained such cordial relations with those at the helm in the Maryland College of Pharmacy, now an integral part of your honored University. It, therefore, affords us more than usual pleasure to 84 THE CENTENNIAL CELEBRATION join with you in celebrating your Centenary, bound as we are by strong ties of friendship and mutual interest. Signed and sealed on behalf of the Philadelphia College of Pharmacy this thirtieth day of May, 1907. Attest: Howard B. French, President. C. A. Weidemann, Secretary. After Prof. Henry Kraemer and Mr. Mann had read their addresses and withdrawn from the speaker's desk, Prof. J. C. Hemmeter again rose and facing these two academic delegates replied as follows : "Professor Kraemer, and Mr. Mann, Gentlemen: In the name of the Regents of the University of Maryland, it becomes my duty to express to you the great pleasure and honor which you personally, and the distinguished institutions which you represent, have conferred upon this University by your presence and by the presentation of these greetings so expressive of the loftiest sentiments that actuate university men throughout our country. Well may the teachers of the University of Maryland feel convinced in reflecting upon these greetings and expres- sions of esteem, that their labors have not been in vain; " That their work has been as bread cast upon waters/' and it is no mean reward of their endeavors for them to be blest with the joys of this hour, and to live to see the day of honor of the University of Maryland. I believe I am expressing the wishes of the Regents when I thank you most cordially for your splendid gift and the sentiment you have expressed, and assure you that these documents will be placed among the most highly cherished in the library of this University." At the conclusion of the reading of the academic greet- ings, dispatches and cablegrams, the audience enjoyed the rendition of Handel's Largo by the Grand Orchestra. UNIVERSITY OF MARYLAND 85 Immediately after this the Chairman introduced Mr. J. Harry Tregoe, who gave the following address of welcome : Mr. Chairman, Ladies and Gentlemen: I am called upon to fill the difficult position of substitute for one whose absence we all feel with the very deepest regret. The request to fill this position came without instruc- tions except one, and that to be brief. It is to me a matter of somxe surprise and no fittle wonderment that our professors constantly insist upon and exercise this virtue, brevity, in all things but their examinations. This call to serve as substitute for one so distinguished in the administration of our University reminds me of the story of the friend who called upon a recently bereaved widow, and said, "Mrs. Smith, I knew your husband very well, thought highly of him, and thought perhaps he left something of which he was very fond that I might have to remember him by," and through her tears she responded, "How will I do?" A memorable occasion in the fife of the University of Maryland has brought us together this morning; for it is no mean thing to have rounded out a century of good service, and to have a record filled with useful deeds. If these walls had only tongues to speak, how many stories they could tell of the student life. The many pranks, the many ambitious resolutions, the many dis- appointments, and the many hopes fulfilled; the many who have gone out with reverence for their Alma Mater to write their names high in prof essional achievements and to reflect great credit upon their Academic Mother; the many who have done their work well and have passed on into the eternal future, the many who are still laboring with sincere devotion and high purposes. 86 THE CENTENNIAL CELEBRATION It is our good fortune to partake of the Centennial Celebration, to greet those with whom we labored in the study halls, and to salute again the Faculty who led us through the devious ways of our professions. Let us say "All Hail" to Old Maryland; may she con- tinue her work of service in the educational hfe of our State, and may she always be true to the highest virtues of the professional training. Let us make the occasion one of great happiness, of splendid fellowship, of sincere reverence; and now to you who have gathered to testify your regard and to do homage to this century-tried and honorable institution, in the name of the Faculty and committees I bid you a hearty welcome. When Mr. Tregoe had resumed his seat, the orchestra gave a splendid rendition of the famous intermezzo from Mascagni's opera Cavalleria Rusticana. Then Prof. J. C. Hemmeter introduced the President of the Faculty of Medicine, Prof. Samuel C. Chew. ADDRESS DELIVERED AT THE OPENING OF THE CENTENNIAL CELEBRATION OF THE UNIVERSITY OF MARYLAND, MAY 30, 1907. By Samuel C. Chew, M.D. Professor of the Practice of Medicine in the University of Maryland. Mr. President, Gentlemen of the Board of Regents of the University, and of the several Faculties: My Fellow Alumni: — Eight years ago the pleasant duty was assigned to me of addressing many members of the medical profession on the occasion of the Centennial Anniversary of the Medical and Chirurgical Faculty of Maryland, an institution which antedated in its founda- tion that of the University of Maryland by just that period the lapse of which has brought us to the Centennial birthday of our Alma Mater. Today I am here to offer, on behalf of the Faculty of Physic of the University a salutation and a most cordial welcome not only to members of my own profession, but also to the other Faculties, the other teachers and the Alumni of the several schools which now constitute this University, and to all our invited guests of every calhng who, by their presence here, are kindly showing theirj interest in our celebration and are rejoicing with us in our joy. And now the thought which should perhaps most stir the hearts of all of us is not merely that our University has attained its one hundredth year, though that is a notable consideration; nor that its Department of Medi- THE CENTENNIAL CELEBRATION cine has been in continuous and unceasing operation for a century, though that is a source of pride; nor that its Department of Law, after a period of suspended activity awakened thirtj^-seven years ago to full vigor and stren- uous work, and, pursuing its course of constantly increas- ing usefulness and reputation ever since, is known and honored throughout the broad domain of the profession of Law; nor again that in accordance with examples set by other Universities the Department of Medicine has added to itself Schools of Dentistry and Pharmacy; not by any one of these reflections are we so much stirred and enkindled to greater endeavors in the future as by the fact that through the amalgamation recently accomplished with St. John's College in Annapolis an Academic Depart- ment of Letters and Sciences has been added to the other schools, the keystone has been placed in the arch of her structure, and the University of Maryland is now and will be henceforth, we trust, a University not in name only, but in actual fact, and as such she starts upon the second century of her life and growth. Faustum sit felixque. And surely it is a reflection of deep interest that the time of this full development, of this assumption of all the characters and conditions of a University, should coincide with the beginning of the second century of the existence of the Institution. Will it be thought too great an indulgence of fancy if we hold that by the union with St. John's this University as a whole adds to its years those of the early history of the older institution? May we claim a foundation dating back into the 18th century, as that of St. John's actually does, for it was founded in the year 1784? Or, while we are giving rein to imagination, may we allow it still freer play and claim that through the evolution of St. John's from the earlier King William's School, which took its origin in 1696 in the reign of King WiUiam III, after whom UNIVERSITY OF MARYLAND. 89 it was named, our University has had a continuous Hfe to the present day from the 17th century, that great cen- tury which included a part of the "spacious times of great Ehzabeth/' and which witnessed the first establish- ment of Anglo-Saxon civilization on this continent, the commemoration of which is now being made at James- town? If, however, such claims be not allowed and we must content ourselves with a century, yet even the period of one hundred years is in this new world enough to impart the dignity of age to any institution. We cannot, indeed, vie in this regard with schools of the old world; with " those twins of learning, Ipswich and Oxford;" and who that has ever visited Oxford does not long to see again "That sweet city with her dreaming spires," which another and a greater poet praises as "So famous, So excellent in art and still so rising That Christendom shall ever speak her virtue," and to which our country is more closely than ever bound by the Rhodesian scholarships. We cannot vie with the five hundred and fifty years of Heidelberg of the Vaterland; or with the venerable University of Bologna, which was a seat of learning in the reign of Charlemagne and which has lately celebrated its thousandth birthday. We have, however, age enough to give that the lack of which was so sadly lamented by the guilty king in the great drama; we have "That which should accompany old age, As honor, love and troops of friends." But, better than any consideration of antiquity is this reflection, that now in the present time we find our Univer- 90 THE CENTENNIAL CELEBRATION sity striving to make the best use of such means as she possesses, striving to increase her resources and her facil- ities for teaching, strengthening whatever weak points she may have, taking the initiative, as time and again she has done, in estabhshing new departments of instruc- tion, and ever raising her standard of requirements higher and higher. With these things already accomplished and with the determination that greater things shall follow, we may find satisfaction in the thought, not only that we are not novi homines, but that we are bound with our Alma Mater to the traditions of an honorable past, and to the hopes and expectations of an honorable and greater future. What is wanted for the full realization of these hopes and expectations is an endowment worthy of the position which the University holds and has so long held among the educational institutions of this country, an endowment not sparsely or with a niggardly hand bestowed, but showered in abundant largesses upon the several schools and in proportion to their respective needs. If this University shall be dowered with even a moderate measure of such assistance in the way of endowments as comes to others, she will ask no points of any of them, but with better equipment thus obtained she will continue a gener- ous rivalry with all of ^them in the great cause of advanc- ing knowledge in every department of science, of Htera- ture and of philosophy. If with but httle assistance, with no private aid except such as has been afforded by her own Faculties, and no State endowment, so much has been accomphshed as this University has to show, what may not be hoped for and expected when this community is more thoroughly aroused to a sense of the importance of the work which the Univer- sity has been doing among themselves and their forefathers and predecessors for a hundred years? But a beginning UNIVERSITY OF MARYLAND 91 has been made; light, which will brighten to the fullness of a better day, has been thrown upon the necessities which exist and upon the goodj that can be accomplished by adequately providing for them. My Friends and Fellow Alumni, the University of Maryland is entering upon the second century of its existence. Will you allow me a brief personal note? For the larger part of its first century I have been associated with it personally and by heredity. More than eighty years ago my father first entered its halls as a student of Medicine. Sixty-six years ago he was appointed to the chair of Materia Medica here, and afterwards succeeded to that of the Practice of Medicine, which I have myself occupied, however unworthily, for twenty-two years; and the time draws near when in the order of nature it must pass to a younger incumbent. With such associations in my mind and heart, you will pardon me for giving expression to a feehng of deep, sincere devotion to the interests and welfare of the Uni- versity of Maryland. I cannot expect myself to see more than only a little way — ^it may be a very httle way — into the course upon which with such aid as it deserves and which I fully beheve it will receive, it may advance in this opening century, but I rejoice to think that in all its departments of instruc- tion its fortunes will still be entrusted for a long time to come, as I fervently hope, to the care and guidance of my younger colleagues who, by their abihty, their knowl- edge, their energy and their zeal, will, with the blessing of Almighty God, bring to pass all that may be desired and hoped for in the future. 92 THE CENTENNIAL CELEBRATION At the conclusion of Professor Chew's address, the Rever- end J. Burkard pronounced a benediction, the audience rising in their seats, and then the assemblage adjourned during the performance of the festival march by Hector Berhoz to attend the luncheon arranged by the Ladies Auxiliary Association of the University of Maryland Hospital. PARTIAL LLST OF NAMES OF GUESTS ATTEND- ING THE CELEBRATION. Owing to the crowding at the registration books in the Office of the Dean the follomng represents only an incom- plete list of those who registered at the University Office : Howard Osburn, Rippon, W. Va. Kyle M. Jariell, Clear Creek, W. Va. HenryE. Palmer, Tallahassee, Fla. S. R. Waters, Watersville, Md. Joseph R. Owens, Hyattsville, Md. E. P. Hall, Freemansburg, W. Va. Wm. H. Davis, Brooklyn, N. Y. H. E. Douglas, Ticonderoga,N. Y. E. Land, Virginia Beach, Va. F. D. WilHs, Newport News, Va. W. W. Hall, New York. W. L. Brent, Fredericksburg, Va. E. H. Brannon, Glenville, W. Va. N. F. Foote, Tupper Lake, N. Y. J. S. Horner, Hot Springs, Ark. Amin Fanous, Fayoum, Egypt. M. J. McKinnan, York, Pa. Z. C. Myers, York, Pa. Charles P. Noble, Philadelphia. Henry W. Fishell, Harrisburg, Pa. D. W. Shaffner, Enhant, Pa. J. R. Crockett, Burks Garden, Va. H. N. Pheneger, Philadelphia. S. K. Pfatzgroff, York, Pa. Alonzo A. Bemis, Spencer, Mass. Frank G. Wilson, Gastonia, N. C. Joseph N. Gardner, Riverdale, Md. W. R. McCain, Waschaw, N. C. W. I. Hill, Albemarle, N. C. M. F. Wright; Burlington, W. Va. C. P. Corrice, Cheery Hill, Md. Samuel Claggett, Peters ville, Md. C. H. Rogers, Newport, R. I. H. Ainsworth, Thomasville, Ga. Frank R. Rich, Pittsburg, Pa. S. W. Jones, Franklin, N. H. Ernest J. Jones, Norwich, Ct. W. B. Warthen, Barton, Ga. R. Kemp Jefferson, Federals- burg, Md. 1. W. Jamison, Charlotte, N. C. Charles H. Diller, Detour, Md. C. Kurtz, Paterson, N. J. Thomas J. McGee, Allegheny, Pa. R. 0. Lyell, Warsaw, Va. H. B. Maxwell, Whiteville, N. C. W. P. King, Weston, W. Va. A. P. Shanklin, Towson, Md. H. H. Hartley, Pittsburg, Pa. W. C. McKeeby, S}Tacuse, N. Y. ITNIVERSITY OF MARYLAND 93 Joseph A. Wright, Sharpstown, Md. F. H. Garverich, Harrisburg, Pa. L. W. Moyer, East Mauch Chunk, Pa. J. H. Bennett, York, Pa. WiUiam C. Thayer, Lehigh Uni- versity, Bethlethem, Pa. L. E. Feck, New Salem, Pa. J. S. Kemp, Littlestown, Pa. Ex-Senator David Selbert,Hagers- town, Md. W. J. Shoemaker, Lock Haven, Pa. M. R. Hotchkins, New Haven, Ct. W. S. Davidson, Charlotte, N. C. P. R. Fisher, Denton, Md. S. Thomas Day, Port Norris, N. J. S. K. Wilson, Tilghman, Md. J. R. Power, Abbeville, S. C. J. C. Hill, Abbeville, S. C. L. B. Henkel, Jr., Annapolis, Md. C. R. Sheridan, Cumberland, Md. A. J. Edwards, Bristol, Tenn. James H. Moran, Adams, Mass. Arthur E. Landeis, Ireland H. B. Hiatt, Clinton, N. C. J. E. Gross, Pittsburg, Pa. James F. H. Gorsuch, Forks, Md. E. H. Wakelee, Big Flats, N. Y. Louis C. Carrico, Bryantown, Md. A. G. Hoen, Richmond, Va. W. A. Smith, Haywood, Va. G. B. Harrison, Sharps, Va. D. A. Warkins, Hagerstown, Md. David W. Smouse, Des Moines, la. W. B. Everett, Silver Spring, Md. D. W. Bulluck, Wilmington, N. C. James E. Deets, Clarksburg, Md. H. F. Getzendanner,Frederick,Md. J. Gilbert Selby, Eglon, W. Va, L. J. Robertson, Nanticoke, Md. J. E. Beatty, Frederick, Md. Fred L. Arnold, Providence, R. L C. S. Wiley, Glen Rock, Pa. J. C. Keaton, Albany, Ga. R. V. Harris, Savannah, Ga. J. L. Spratty, Fort Mill, S. C. W. T. Wootton, Hot Springs, Ark. C. E. Clay, Martinsburg, W. Va. Carville V. Mace, Rossville, Md. D. E. Stone, Mount Pleasant, Md. W. H. Everhart, Newton, N. C. W. H. Carswell, New Haven, Ct. J. E. Urguhart, Asheville, Mass. G. T. Partridge, Waterbury, Ct. R. L. Allen, Waynesville, N. C. R. W.Tropwell,Point of Rocks,Md . Wm. B. Gambrill, Alberton, Md. C. R. Winterson, Elkridge, Md. S. S. Skyes, Elk-ton, Md. W. S. Phillips, Rapidan, Va. A. D. Baker, Keedysville, Md. W. J. Koelz, Keyser, W. Va. W. S. Gorsuch, Churchville, Md. H. Louis Naylor, Pikesville, Md. B. F. Tefft, Jr., Tallahassee, Fla. Antony, R. I., Tallahassee, Fla. F. Chfton Moor, Tallahassee, Fla. A. L. Hodgton, St. Marys county, Md. W. F. Sappington, Webster Mills, Pa. James M. Kibler, Newberry, S. C. Henry Kraemer, Philadelphia. H. H. Habner, Hartford, Pa. J. D. Cronmiller, Laurel, Md. J. W. Watson, Harnsville, W. Va. R. Contee Rose, Wye Mills, Md. A. B. Miller, Syracuse, N. Y. Chas. Owens, Hyattsville, Md. T. H. Taliaferro, Maryland Agri- cultural College, Md. 94 THE CENTENNIAL CELEBRATION W. B. Morrison, Hagerstown, Md. B. F. McMillan, Red Springs, N. C. James D. Love, Jacksonville, Fla. Edward L. Meierhoff, New York. Oliver J. Gray, Wilson, Del. Gilbert T. Smith, Stamford, Ct. H. L. Rudolph, Gainesville, Ga. A. B. Eagle, Martinsburg, W. Va. J. R. Brodbeck, Codorus, Pa. N. R. Peck, Clarksburg, W. Va. W. T. Vance, Berwick, Pa. Charles H. Kriete, Aberdeen, Md. B.B. Ranson, Jr., Maple wood, N.J. James Cain, Chestertown, Md. Roger Brooks, Sandy Spring, Md. R. Bolvin, Berlin, Pa. W. A. Dietrich,Chattanooga,Tenn. James H. Billingslea, Westmin- ster, Md. C. O. Miller, Saxton, Pa. W. H. Grant, Elhcott City, Md. W. H. Smithson, New Park, Pa. C. O. Burruss, Sharon, S. C. Louis H. Seth, Wittman, Md. W. F. Elgin, Glenolden, Pa. J. S. B. Woolford, Chattanooga, ^ Tenn. E. Haw ken. New York. Harry S. Thomson, New York. George ,H. Carr, Portsmouth, Va. C. B. Earle, Greensville, S. C. WiUiam Emrich, Bolivia, S. A. J. C. C. Beale, Philadelphia. R. L. Simpson, Richmond, Va. Edgar T. Duke, Cumberland, Md. F. D. Carlton, Statesville, N. C. J. F. Keroodle, Greensboro, N. C. Herbert C. Smathern, Clyde, N. C. R. H. Mills, Monticello, Fla. Clinton Lee, North Carohna. E. S. Boyle, Port Deposit, Md. W. C. Gordon, Caledonia, N. Y. A. Degenring, Ehzabeth, N. J. George H. Hague, Elizabeth, N. J. J. E. Toombs, Worcester, Mass. W. Steele Maywell, Still Pond, Md. J. Lane Finley, Betterton, Md. Julian Gartsell, Washington, D.C. C. A. Beck, Wilmington, Del. A. U. Valentine, Washington, D.C. M. G. Sorrey, Orangeburg, S. C. R. B. Hayes, Hillsboro, N. C. R. C. Hume, Petersburg, Va. David E. Hoag, New York. B. L. Jefferson, Colorado. F. H.'D. Biser, Parkersburg,W.Va. S. A. MacFarlane Sanderson, Ox- ford Station, Ontario, Can. M. L. Jessop, Chestertown Md. Isabella Grifl&th, Laytonsville, Md. R. Minnis, Connellsville, Pa. Marshall J. Brown, Sylmar, Md. Sylvan McElroy, Orlando, Fla. W. M. Degnan, Southington, Ct. Luther P. Balser, Kingtown, N.C. N. T. Kirk, Rising Sun, Md. THE LADIES ASSIST IN THE CELEBRATION. The reception and luncheon under the auspices of the Woman's AuxiUary of the University of Maryland Hos- pital was one of the most picturesque and delightful fea- tures connected with the centennial. UNIVERSITY OF MARYLAND 95 The great central stairway leading to the nurses' parlor where the luncheon was served from noon until 3 p. m. was transformed into an avenue of tropical plants. The columns of the reception room were twined with maroon and black, and great clusters of snowballs and bridal wreaths nodded to masses of white marguerites and fra- grant clover across the room. The committee in charge of the decorations included Mrs. Franklin Wilson Levering, Mrs. L. Ernest Neale, Miss Mary Ashby (chairman), assisted by Mrs. Nathan Winslow, Mrs. Washington Bowie, Mrs. John C. Hem- meter, Mrs. H. M. Towles, Mrs. Hardie-Ridgely, Miss Sad tier and others. Mrs. Hamilton Easter, president of the Woman's Aux- iliary, assisted by many ladies of the board, welcomed the guests as they entered the room, and the elaborate toilets of the ladies contributed materially to the beauty of the scene. All wore tiny badges blazoned in colors with the Great Seal of Maryland. To these were attached maroon and black ribbons, upon which was printed in gold letters the legend, " Woman's Auxiliary, University of Maryland Hospital, Centennial Celebration, May 30, 1907." The reception and luncheon were given to the visiting guests and physicians of the University and their wives. Apart from the grace conferred upon the occasion by the presence of the members of the Woman's Auxiliary, the result of their more than twenty years of faithful work in connection with the Hospital was everywhere manifest. From a body of 60 women the organization has grown to nearly 200 members, and their annual con- tributions to the Hospital have at times reached as high as $8000 in one year. To the Auxihary the hospital is indebted for fine verandas extending around the wards, erected at a cost of $3280. The Auxiliary built the new suite of nurses' sleeping-rooms, and the roof garden; and 96 THE CENTENNIAL CELEBRATION by the Auxiliary the cold-storage plant of the hospital was installed. In one year this body of women contributed $1000 worth of linen for the use of the hospital; and through the same source the table service of the sick is daintily equipped. In every way their interest and prac- tical usefulness in the affairs of the institution are felt. The officers of the Auxiliary are: President — Mrs. Hamilton Easter. Vice-Presidents — Mrs. Samuel C, Chew, Mrs. Joseph T. Smith. Treasurer — Mrs. Samuel J. Hough. Recording Secretary — Mrs. Frederic Tyson. Corresponding Secretary — Miss L. P. Marshall. The Auxiliary Board includes in its membership the following ladies, most of whom were present : Mesdanies William Paret, L. B. Purnell, William Painter, S. Johnson Poe, Mary W. Pope, Charles B. Penrose, W. C. Page, William T. Howard, Francis T. Homer, J. Mason Hundley, Theodore Hooper, J. C. Hemmeter, Joseph Holland, William Williams, Nathan Winslow, George Ward, Richard WiUiams, Eliza K. Wilson, John R. Winslow, Walter W. White, W. J. Yerby, J. H. Cottman, Henry Clark, John B. Clunet, George T. M. Gibson, B. B. Gordon, M. A. Hamilton, Alex. L. Hodgdon, Alacaeus Hooper, Harriet Blandford, Washington Bowie, C. Boyd, T. Benson, John W. Brown, Chauncey H. Blodgett E. J. Chism, T. S. Clark, M. W. Bowie, William M. Allen, R. M. Amos, R. Abercrombie, Charles F. Bevan, Joseph F. Ewing, George F. French, D. S. L. Frank, William Adams Gale, Frank C. Bolton, Howard S. Bowie, Henry H. Klinefelter, H. Y. Chaterly, T. Harris Cannon, H. Crawford, J. A. Dunham, Herbert 0. Dunn, Harry B. Dillahunt, Henry C. Matthews, Edward G. McDowell, H. C. James, E. E. Jackson, Agnes G. Jones, John G. Jay, John T. King, L. Ernest Neale, John M. Nelson, Leonard Neudecker, Thomas Owings, 0. A. Kirkland, Berwick B. Lanier, UNIVERSITY OF MARYLAND 97 Franklin W. Levering, Henry Liebman, Wm. M. Marbury, Frank Martin, James D. Mason, W. H. Matthias, James McEvoy, John I. Middleton, William E. Morton, Charles H. Riley, Wilham C. Rouse, John C. Rose, Hardie Ridgely, William T. Malster, John G. Murray, Paul Turner, G. Lane Taneyhill, John K. Shaw, Frederick P. Stieff, Charles E. Sadtler, Jordan Stabler, H. M. Towles, Vori Bories, Francis E. Waters, Robert K. Waring, Albert Weil, Robert W. Wylie, Sidney Turner, J. K. Taylor, Randolph Winslow. Misses: Frances Cooper, Nannie Gibson, Mary S. Gittings, S. Davis Hill, Annie Hough, Madge Waters, Juhette Y. Wilson, Susan Brown, Mary Ashby, Evelyn Bull, H. S. Chew, EUzabeth F. Mitchell, Esther Murdock, AUce Keys, Lydia H. Kirk, Elizabeth Kent, LiUie Detrick, Virginia A. Wilson, Nannie W. Wilson, Janie S. Waters, Mary Shaw, Mary H. Smith, Henrietta N. SUcer, Helen Smith, LilUan Sheppard, Florence Sadtler, Alma Phelps, Carrie Plummer, Frances, Pentz, Mary M. McRae, Mary H. Kerr, Josephine E. Livezey. CLASS DINNERS, REUNIONS AND SMOKERS Possibly one of the most interesting of the features of the Celebration of the Centennial to those who again gathered around the old University were the class dinners on the evening of May 30. It is impossible to give accur- ately a detailed account of each of the dinners, and those present at each dinner, but a partial hst is appended below. The Class Reunions To the Alumni participating no exercises connected with the Centennial gave greater pleasure than the class reunions held on Thursday evening, May 30, 1907. In the case of several classes many of the members had not seen each other, or heard from each other, for over 35 years. When they last parted they were in the first flush 98 THE CENTENNIAL CELEBRATION of manhood, with their diplomas fresh from the hands of their Alma Mater. When they met on Thursday night they came together as matured men, bearing the signs of years of hard service and ripened by the experiences and usages of professional hfe. Though old in work and scarred by time's unsparing hand, they met again as boys for the night, forgot the dull cares of daily toil to relate the reminiscences of student days, and to exchange ex- periences gathered in their varied fields of labor. It was both pathetic and pleasurable to meet with old friends, to recall to mind the days when as students we sat on the hard benches of the classroom or romped on the campus. As these days came before us, how vividly could one recall the beloved teacher and the bright and youthful classmate ! Where are they now? This was the thought which came into every mind as first one, then another made mention of the absentee. Of the class of 1872, ten were present out of fifty-six. Of the class of 1873 eight met, thirty-eight absentees. Where are all of those absent from the class reunions? The historian of each class tells us the larger number have joined the great majority. They rest from their labors, shall we say, almost forgotten by their old class- mates? This is the pathetic part of it. Why should old classmates be forgotten, disappear from the minds of those who when students were often the warmest friends, the most intimate associates? No answer can be given to this question save one — the want of class organization, class spirit, the need of a class historian. It is hoped that the reunions of the classes on Thursday night will have revived a class spirit among all the classes — that a per- manent organization of every class in the University, wherever possible, will be effected. To foster this class spirit the University Hospital Bul- letin now suggested that every class have a tablet made UNIVERSITY OF MARYLAND 99 of brass or copper, with the name of each member on the shield, the same to be placed on the walls of the University building. In this way the membership of the class will be kept before the eyes of all students and visitors to the University Halls. The Classes of 1872 and 1873, consisting of nineteen members present, dined at the University Club. The Class of 1882 with ten members present, dined at the University Club. Among those who participated were three of the members of the present faculty of the University of Maryland — Dr. Hiram Woods, Dr. Charles W. Mitchell and Dr. James Craighill, acted as the com- mittee in charge. The Class of 1884, with eighteen members present held a banquet at the Hotel Rennert. Present at this dinner were Prof. J. C. Hemmeter, of the Medical Faculty of the University of Maryland; Prof. Charles P. Noble, of Phila- delphia; Dr. Alexander C. Abbott, Professor of Bacteri- ology at the University of Pennsylvania and Health Officer of Philadelphia ; Dr. Mactier Warfield ; Dr. Ridgeley B. Warfield; Dr. Geo. Flemming; Dr. Edmond C. Gibbs, Dr. I. Ridge way Trimble. The Class of 1890, with fourteen members present, dined at Harmony Hall. The Class of 1895, represented by twelve members, dined at Ganzhorn's Hotel. The Class of 1896, with twenty members present, dined at the Hotel Rennert. The Class of 1897, with twenty-eight members present, dined at the Hotel Junker. Among this group were Dr. Compton Reily, Chief of Clinic of Orthopedics of the University Hospital; Dr. O. P. Penning, of the Surgical Staff of the University Hospital Dispensary, and Dr. T. 0. Heatwole, Professor, Dental Department of the University of Maryland. 100 THE CENTENNIAL CELEBRATION Class of 1900, seventeen members present, held a ban- quet at the Hotel Rennert. The Class of 1902 dined at the Caswell Hotel; twenty- eight members were present, among whom was Dr. Arthur M. Shipley, superintendent of the University Hospital. The Class of 1907, the Centennial Graduating Class, dined at the New Howard Hotel. Quite a number of class dinners, private in nature, were given. Of these, of course, we have no account. Like- wise were held many fraternity reunions. Most of these were of a private nature, and the names of those who were present were not obtainable THE CENTENNIAL DECORATIONS. All of the University buildings, including the hospital, were elaborately decorated in honor of the Centennial Celebration; the University colors. Maroon and Black; the State of Maryland colors. Black and Orange, and the national colors. Red, White and Blue, were tastily mingled in artistic arrangement. The dates 1807-1907 were dis- played in large figures on two of the columns of the old historic building, which is represented on the seal of the University of Maryland. The beauty of these decorations was greatly enhanced by the propitious weather. The interior of the buildings likewise shared in the attention of the decorators. The great Lyric Hall in which the Commencement Exercises of May 31 were held, likewise received abund- ant attention from those who decorated the University Buildings. These ornamentations where executed by Mr. Geo. Geiwitz after a drawing which was frequently remod- eled. The management of the Lyric Music Hall took pho- tographic reproductions of the interior because the hall had according to their statement been converted into such a UNIVERSITY OF MARYLAND 101 temple of art that they desired to preserve its appearance for future reference. The daily papers, Baltimore Sun and American, reproduced photographs of these decora- tions in their issues of June 1, 1908. One of the features of the decorations at the Lyric Music Hall during the academic ceremonies were immense festoons or stream- ers of branches of evergreen and oak in which were en- twined innumerable electric lamps. These brilliant gar- lands radiated from the center of the high ceiling to draped columns on the edge of the galleries in all direc- tions, making the impression of a canopy of brilliant stars held in green leaves. ACADEMIC CEREMONIES AT THE LYRIC (MUSIC HALL) ON FRIDAY, MAY 31, 1908. The complete programme for May 31 is given below, following which were given the Academic and University degrees; and in recognition of distinguished public services achievements in science a number of honorary degrees. A full list of those receiving degrees will be given. The programme was as follows : PROGRAMME OP ACADEMIC CEREMONIES AT LYRIC, MAY 3, 1907. Music, March from "The Queen of Sheba", Gounod Prayer Rev. P. C. Gavan Representing Cardinal Gibbons. The Lord's Prayer, offered by His Eminence James Cardinal Gibbons. Music, "Academic Overture" Brahms Address President Francis Landey Patton President of Princeton Theological Seminary Music, "Walkiirenritt" Wagner Conferring of Degrees . . . ■. Hon. Edwin Warfield Governor of Maryland and Chancellor of the University Candidates for the Degrees, "Bachelor of Arts" and "Bachelor of Sciences," presented by the Dean of the Faculty of Arts and Sciences. Candidates for the Degree "Doctor of Medicine" presented by the Dean of the Faculty of Physic. Candidates for the Degree "Bachelor of Laws" presented by the Dean of the Faculty of Law. Candidates for the Degree "Doctor of Dental Surgery," presented by the Dean of the Faculty of Dentistry. Candidates for the Degree "Doctor of Pharmacy" presented by the Dean of the Faculty of Pharmacy. Music, " The University Ode" Hemberger Words by Eugene F. Cordell, M.D., '68 Award of Prizes. Address President G. Stanley Hall President of Clark University UNIVERSITY OF MARYLAND 103 Music, "Hygeia" Hemmeter Conferring of Honorary Degrees. Music, Largo Handel Benediction Rt. Rev. Dr. William Paret Bishop of Maryland Music, Prelude to Third Act "Lohengrin," Wagner Music furnished by the Baltimore Choral Society, R. L. Haslup, director, John Itzel, director of orchestra. DESCRIPTION OF THE ASSEMBLAGE OF THOSE PARTICIPATING IN THE ACADEMIC CER- EMONIES AND COMMENCEMENT EXERCISES. The gathering together at Lyric Hall on Friday morning May 31, of those representing the University of Maryland, of those receiving honors from the University of Mary- land, the Alumni of the University of Maryland, the rep- resentatives of other institutions of learning partici- pating in the Academic Ceremonies and Commencement Exercises, and the many friends of those participating in the Centennial Exercises, was well described in an unbiased account in the Baltimore American, and the editor will quote from their issue of June 1, 1907, for a description in part of the Commencement Ceremonies. The most imposing of ceremonies ever held in connection with the cause of education in the State of Maryland was that of yesterday morning at the Lyric, when the principal exercises of the one hun- dredth anniversary celebration of the University of Maryland were held coincident with the annual commencement of the institution's several departments. Two hundred and thirty-six young men and one young woman received diplomas, and 30 honorary degrees were conferred, the recipients of the latter being men who are scholars of international reputation, authors of important works and discoverers of new truths in science. Fully 4000 persons were present, including representatives of all the important educational institutions of the world (in many cases the presidents of these seats of learning), thousands of the alumni of 104 THE CENTENNIAL CELEBRATION the University of Maryland, friends and relatives of the graduates — who came from all sections of the country — and the most representa- tive of Baltimore's citizens. Every seat in the large hall was occupied and there were many hundreds who stood in the aisles during the four hours of the ceremony. And it is estimated that between 800 and 1000 persons left again because they could not find even standing room. All of the large audience seemed imbued with the enthusiasm fit- ting the occasion, and applause of speakers, recipients of honorary degrees and graduates was frequent and prolonged. The ceremony was begun shortly after 10 o'clock, when the gradu- ates representing the academic and scientific departments of St. John's College, AnnapoUs (recently affiliated with the University of Maryland), and of the University's schools of medicine, law, dentistry and pharmacy, in this city, all wearing caps and gowns, filed down the main aisle and occupied seats reserved for them in the front of the hall, immediately facing the stage. Much applause accom- panied their entry. In the meanwhile representatives of most universities and colleges of the country, and of Scientific Associations, the Faculties and . Regents of the University of Maryland, the specially invited guests, assembled in the upper hall of the Lyric facing Mount Royal Avenue and were arranged into an academic procession by Major (now Colonel) Charles Baker Clotworthy and his aids. Presently the large assembly in the lower hall heard in the distance the solemn and beautiful strains of martial music (third act of Wagner's "Lohen- grin"). The music ceased for a few minutes and then burst forth again in a glorious chorus played by the brass band of the grand orchestra announcing the coming of the procession of orators, regents, ecclesiastical dignitaries, presidents of other universities and colleges and official delegates, national, state and city officials and others. Many men of great distinction were in line, and they were greeted with rousing cheers as they passed down the long aisle and up the steps leading to the stage. The stirring strains of the march from "The Queen of Sheba," were played by an orchestra of 75 pieces as the procession proceeded. First came the chief marshal, Col. Charles Baker Clotworthy, immediately followed by Governor Edwin Warfield, chancellor of the university, and Judge Henry Stock- bridge, acting provost. Next in Hne were Cardinal Gibbons and Dr. Thomas Fell, president of St. John's College and vice chancellor of the university council; Dr. R. Dorsey Coale, senior dean of the uni- UNIVERSITY OF MARYLAND 105 versity, with Bishop William Paret; Judge Henry D. Harlan and Dr. Francis L. Patton, former president of Princeton University; Dr. Daniel C. Oilman, president emeritus and Dr. Ira Remsen, President of Johns Hopkins University, with Rev. P. C. Gavan, and Prof. John P. Poe with Dr. G. Stanley Hall of Clark University, Prof. William H. Welch, and Prof. J. C. Hemmeter, the President of the Centennial Committee. These comprised the first division of the procession. The other four divisions were made up as follows: Second Division— Marshal, Washington Bowie, Jr., LL.B., with the presidents of the various universities and colleges and official delegates. Third Division— Marshal, Arthur D. Foster, with national, state and city officials, followed by specially invited guests. Fourth Division— Marshal, Stuart S. Janney, and the faculties of the university: Fifth Division— Marshal, Jesse Slingluff, and the chairman and members of the Centennial Executive Committee, including the Honorary Committee. THE HONORARY COMMITTEE OF THE CENTENNIAL CELEBRATION Edwin Warfield, Daniel Lewis, M.D., Governor of Maryland, T. H. Lewis, M.D., Alex. C. Abbott, M.D., James L. McLane, Gen. Felix Agnus, Hon. J. Barry Mahool, Hon. Gordon T. Atkinson, M.D., Theodore Marburg, Bernard M. Baker, Charles H. Mayo, M.D., Hon. Charles J. Bonaparte, Wilham J. Mayo, M.D., Judge A. Hunter Boyd, Theodore K. Miller, Rev. F. X. Brady, Judge Thomas J. Morris, S. J. Albert, Robert Moss, A. Brager, Judge Alfred S. Niles, George Stewart Brown, Rev. Edward Niver, D.D., Judge N. Charles Burke, Charles P. Noble, M.D., President James W. Cain, Brig-Gen. Robert M. O'Reilly Francis King Carey, Wilham Osier, M.D., Major James Carroll, M.D., Wilham C. Page, Hon. John Lee Carroll, Rt. Rev. Wilham Paret, D.D. Joseph Clendenin, Judge James A. Pearce, Rt. Rev. Leighton Coleman, D.D. J. Rawson Pennington, M.D., 106 THE CENTENNIAL CELEBRATION Frederick M. Colston, William T. Councilman, M.D., Judge John J. Dobeler, Charles E. Dohme, Ph.G., Richard H. Edwards, Judge Thos. Ireland Elliott, President Thomas Fell, J. D. Ferguson, Fabian Franklin, Ph.D., Frank Frick, Henry D. Fry, M.D., John S. Fulton, M.D., Geo. R. Gaither, Robert Garrett, Hon. James A. Gary, L. D. Gassaway, Rev. P. C. Gavan, John S. Gibbs, James Cardinal Gibbons, Gen. John Gill of R., Hon. John Gill, Jr., Daniel C. Gilman, LL.D., Rev. John B. Goucher, D.D., Rev. Adolph Guttmacher, B. Howard Haman, Hobart A. Hare, M.D., William Mozart Hayden, Judge Charles W. Heuisler, Rev. J. S. B. Hodges, S.T.D., Jacob W. Hook, Wm. T. Howard, M.D., Rev. Oliver Huckel, D.D., Rev. Alfred R. Hussey, David Hutzler, Smith Ely Jelliffe, M.D., Michael Jenkins, Henry S. King, Rev. Arthur B. Kinsolving, D.D., A. Leo Knott, Hon. Ferdinand C. Latrobe, Eugene Levering, EUsha C. Perkins, Jackson Piper, M.D., Rev. Arthur Chilton Powell, D.D. Edward Raine, John B. Ramsay, Hon. Isador Rayner, President Ira Remsen, Sur.-Gen. Presley M. Rixey, Thornton Rollins, John C. Rose, Rev. Wilham Rosenau, Rt. Rex. Henry Y. Satterlee, D.D. Rear Adm. Winfield Scott Schley, Judge Samuel D. Schmucker, Gen. Joseph B. Seth, Judge George M. Sharp, George B. Shattuck, M.D., Gen. Thomas J. Shryock, President R. W. Silvester, Geo. H. Simmons, M.D., Horace M. Simmons, M.D., WilUam Simon, M.D., Brig.-Gen. George M. Sternberg, Rev. John Timothy Stone, Hon. Isaac Lobe Straus, Hon. E. Clay Timanus, Hon. Murray Vandiver, Richard M. Venable, LL.D., S. Davies Warfield, Wilham H. Welch, M.D., LL.D., George Whitelock, Hon. William Pinkney Whyte, Judge Pere L. Wickes, Henry WiUiams, George R. Willis, Henry M. Wilson, M.D., Rt. Rev. Luther B. Wilson, D.D. James T. Woodward, Judge D. Giraud Wright, Surg. Gen. Walter Wyman. UNIVERSITY OF MARYLAND 107 After the vast assemblage had been called to order by President Fell, of St. John's College, Reverend P. C. Gavan, representing His Eminence Cardinal Gibbons, delivered a prayer of invocation. Supplementing this His Eminence Cardinal Gibbons personally led in repeat- ing the Lord's Prayer, during which the entire assemblage rose. Thus in a reverential spirit was commenced a pro- gramme marked throughout by dignity and order. Fol- lowing the prayer, according to the programme above, the audience was treated to a splendid rendition of " Acad- emic Overture" by Brahms. His Excellency, Edwin Warfield, Governor of the State of Maryland, ex officio Chancellor of the University of Maryland, was next intro- duced, who said in part : " It is a matter of sincere regret that Mr. Bernard Carter, Provost of the University, can- not be present. He is kept away because of illness, and it therefore becomes my duty as Chancellor of this insti- tution to preside. I am glad to see such a large and intel- ligent audience present, and particularly pleased to see the students from St. John's College, which prompts me to compliment both St. John's and the University of Maryland upon the affiliation of these two institutions. '* Governor Warfield then proceeded to introduce the first speaker. President Francis Landey Patton, of Prince- ton Theological Seminary, referring to him in his introduc- tion as one of the most distinguished scholars of the day. The scholarly address of President Patton is given on the following page. ADDRESS OF REV. DR. FRANCIS L. PATTON. DELIVERED AT THE LYRIC THEATER, BALTIMORE, MAY 31, 1907. May it please your Excellency, Ladies and Gentlemen : I count it an honor to be asked to speak on an occasion so interesting as the present. I congratulate the University of Maryland on the completion of one hundred years of institutional life. I congratulate the Faculties of this University on the work which they have done and on the equipment which they have for doing greater and better work in the future. Great changes have taken place in the material world since your Institution was founded, and changes equally great have taken place in the pro- gramme of education. The ordinary college curriculum has been widened and in the sphere of professional studies the march of progress has been marvelous. You have great reason to be proud today of what has been accom- phshed by this University. It is not only true that great names have been connected with your Faculties, but it is also true that you have sent out many graduates who have made an honorable record for themselves in their professional careers. I [shall not be invidious enough to mention names: I will mention one, for it is no small boast, and something of which any institution may well be proud, that the name of George Washington appears among the matriculants of one of your affiliated institu- tions. You have long held a leading place among the schools of medicine in this country and you have the dis- tinction of being the first to give to dental science the academic status which it now holds. The past certainly UNIVERSITY OF MARYLAND. 109 is safe. And now as you face the future I have no doubt that you feel that the dollar, of whatever material it may be made, is a large factor in any conspicuous success, and I am one of those who hope that while showers of pecuni- ary blessings are faUing on other institutions, at least some droppings will fall on you. There is a great deal of wealth, collective and individual, in this land, but I have discovered that it possesses the attribute of extreme cohesiveness and that it is not easy to learn its lines of cleavage. I have noticed that rich men not uncommonly regard themselves as stewards of the Lord and their money as only lent to them by Him, but I seldom find one who regards it as in any sense a call loan, or me as a properly accredited collecting agent. I wonder how the educated man of one hundred years ago would compare with the educated man of today and how the professional man of one hundred years ago would compare with the average professional m_an of the present moment. The practice of the law I suppose was more elementary; there were fewer cases which had been de- cided, and the lawyer who went out early in the morning on an errand of legal shopping would have more difficulty than he now has in matching the sample which he hap- pened to hold in his hand. He might, however, perhaps have been the m^ore wilHng on that account to venture upon a legal opinion of his own. Whether the lawyer of that day knew as well as he does now how to advise his client to do what he wanted to do without transgressing the law I do not know, but I understand that the practice today is becoming more hke that of preventive medicine and is designed not so much to get a man out of trouble as to keep him from getting into trouble, and those who express themselves concerning current practice in this euphemistic way would have us believe, I suppose, that the law, is presenting a more humane aspect all the time. 110 THE CENTENNIAL CELEBRATION Medicine must have been much simpler in its practice, I should think; doctors felt the pulse and looked at the tongue as they do now, but the patient had to pull through his fever without the aid of a clinical thermometer. The physician compounded his own medicines. The dispens- ing druggist was not there to put up his prescriptions and the pharmaceutical chemist had not arrived to save him the trouble of writing them. The physician made his rounds of daily visitation without having a new tabloid pressed upon his attention every day. I am at great loss to know how the clergyman got along. There were no motor cars nor tramways, and consequently fewer accidents. There was no telegraphy, wireless or other- wise. Hence, news was slow in reaching its destination and would ordinarily come too late for the Sunday sermon. Even the philosophic clergyman, who feels himself called specially to exploit the latest fad in philosophy or to break a lance with the scientist, must have had but a limited field for the exercise of his gifts, and I am afraid that if the truth be told it was a matter of sheer necessity then to preach the simple gospel. This, however, was a state of affairs which I think must have had its obvious advan- tages. On this Memorial day, however, we are not here to mourn over the past, nor do I stand before you as a laudator temporis acti. I stand with you this morning facing the future and congratulate you on what I think are the splendid opportunities before you. It may not be inappropriate for me to say something on the general subject of education and perhaps even on the specific sub- jects of education which this University has taken under its care. Let us ask ourselves seriously what education has done for us. I had the honor of addressing a young ladies' high school a few weeks ago and the principal told me the result of an experiment she had made in having UNIVERSITY OF MARYLAND. Ill a class write an essay on Education. The older and more thoughtful girls expressed themselves on the subject by making good use of the etymology of the word "educa- tion" and accordingly sought to show how, by means of education, one's latent potentiahties find expression; but others less mature and less philosophical, perhaps, took a more concrete view of the matter, one of them saying, " It is so embarrassing to talk to educated people and not know what to say;" and another— speaking perhaps even more freely from her own experience — saying, " It is so nice when a young man talks to you to be able to carry on the conversation." Now, while I thought it very hkely that some of this conversation would not or at least might not call for articulate expression, and that even the uneducated mind learns early in fife the art of telepathic communication, I really felt that there was a great deal more truth in the answer that this young lady gave than some would be disposed to give her credit for. Of course, I recognize the great value there is in the power of self- control that comes with the early stages of education: the lesson one gets, in other words, by learning lessons; the lesson, that is to say, of learning to live under the regime of will rather than impulse ; of learning to keep one's wayward thoughts in leash and command attention to a chosen theme. But adjustment to one's environ- ment is after all a very large part of education. To be able to exchange the current coins of conversation with a certain degree of self-confidence, to take an intelligent interest in the great world of events, to move gracefully in that portion of the intellectual world which we happen to inhabit, to talk when it is our turn to talk and to know when it is ours to hsten, and tactfully to turn the sharp corners of conversation when it threatens to lead down lanes with which we are not familiar— all this it seems to me is an important part of education, and this surely is 112 THE CENTENNIAL CELEBRATION no inconsiderable advantage ; this much we have learned at all events. We have, besides, acquired a certain knowledge of the cosmos and know something of kinetic and potential energy. We have read a little of the world's best literature and perhaps have acquired the art of recog- nizing a fine line when we see it or hear it ; and though it be only a little knowledge, I do not think it is so danger- ous as to offset the obvious advantage of knowing who constituted the leading poets of the Lake School, when Queen Elizabeth reigned, and that the Revolution (I mean the great Revolution) was in 1688. Of course we forget a great deal and the day comes, alas, too soon, when we are rather rusty in our Greek and when the bino- mial theorem, sounds like the echo of a far-off day. I am quite ready to admit that there are two funda- mentally different views of education ; one regarding it as an end in itself and the other as a means to an end. If it be an end in itself the question arises, what is the model curriculum? I am old-fashioned enough still to believe that to get the largest mental development in the short- est space of time we must make mathematics and classics the staple of our educational programme. We must teach the young to think in concepts ; we must give them the key to the interpretation of the cosmos, and mathe- matics is the organon of physical science. But besides this we must teach them the art of expression. Mr. Au- gustine Birrell says somewhere in one of his essays that the scientific man is the only man who has anything to say, but he cannot say it, and the literary man is the onty man who knows how to say anything, but he has nothing to say. The ideal scheme of education would therefore seem to be one which gives the student something to say and tells him how to say it. Besides his mathematics, therefore, I would have him study Latin and Greek. He must read his Homer and his Virgil, and if not his Homer, UNIVERSITY OF MARYLAND 113 at least his Virgil — "Wielder of the stateliest measure ever moulded by the lips of man." But whether it be through scientific or through literary culture that educa- tion is to proceed, we must remember that it is the thought and not the word or fact which is significant. He who reads literally reads poorly; haeret in litera haeret in cor- tice. Even jurisprudence, which holds us to such strict account for our use of words, teaches us that there are times when we not only judge what a man meant to say by what he said, but also times when we must judge what he said by what he obviously meant to say. The scien- tific man must also go behind the facts with which he deals to the ideas with which those facts represent. These facts are simply the syllables of the writing which he is striving to decipher. It is only when he has hit upon some key to nature's cipher that he is doing work worthy of scientific fame. It is only when his facts go to the support of a great scientific generalization that their accumulation possesses special value. Otherwise he is only a census-taker in the kingdom of nature; a cata- loguer in the great library of truth, writing titles and reading the backs of books. Ah, Science, you demand facts; you proclaim the all-mightiness of induction; the reign of law; the empire of the senses. You have reduced history to science, and literature to science, and philoso- phy to science, and rehgion to science, but what after all does it signify? You have given us a rubbish heap of material 'whose destiny is death and destruction unless there is some unifying idea, some informing thought to give it shape and comeliness. Say what you will, the philosopher, the apostle of the idea, is necessary to make these dry bones live. I admit, moreover, that a strong plea can be made by those who say that education is to be regarded as a means to an end and who will remind us that however impor- 114 THE CENTENNIAL CELEBRATION tant it is that there shall be professors of poetry and the humanities, it is important also that there shall be pro- fessors of applied science, of mechanical and mining and electrical engineering. We know, they tell us, exactly how many acres constitute the farm and how much arable land there is on it. The farm is not getting any bigger, but the family is increasing at a tremendous rate. If we divide the inheritance by an equal distribution among the heirs, what each one gets will hardly seem worth keeping. Inevitably therefore in the struggle of life there will be a scramble and the man who is anxious with reference to his offspring naturally wishes that his own son shall come out on top. He therefore is in favor of an education which will enable his son to earn an honest living and to meet the rough competition of the world. I confess I am in sympathy with this practical view of education and therefore I have a great deal of interest in that part of a Universitj^'s life which deals with the professional schools. When a man's general education has been completed, the next question is. What calling is he to follow? There is a certain element of determinism in the settlement of this question, for once a man's choice is made, it fixes the character of his life. No wonder then that men hesitate and linger on the brink of decision, for whether they shall be obliged to travel or be compelled to remain at home all the time, whether they shall be left without any time to read or whether they shall be compelled to have a book before their eyes continually, will depend upon the choice they make ; as will also depend upon this choice the kind of friends they make and the kind of soci- ety in which they mingle. But there is for that matter, or there seems to be, an element of determinism even in the making of the choice. One boy perhaps takes kindly to his father's calling and you find him late in life doing UNIVERSITY OF MARYLAND 115 business at the same old stand. Another, for reasons that he perhaps cannot give a good account of, chooses to study medicine, and still another enters the holy call- ing of the ministry under the predestinating influence of a pious mother's wish. Recognizing an over-ruling Provi- dence behind all the elements that enter into the mak- ing of a choice, we may say therefore that the minister is not the only one who has been called into his profession, and therefore that in a very true and solemn sense each man's calling is a providential indication of the work that he is meant to do. A young man if asked what he intended to do on leaving College would not uncommonly say that he was not sure whether he would go into business or take a profession — the careers open to men seeming to divide into these two hemispheres. Just what the dif- ference is between a business and a professional career may be hard so say, though I have been accustomed to regard the difference as indicated by the fact that the business man enters upon his career for the purpose of making money, and in that sense of working it for all it is worth, while the professional man is supposed at least not to make the emoluments of his profession the prin- cipal object of his thought, but to regard himself in the light of a public servant engaged in the discharge of phil- anthropic duty. This is an ideal view of the situation which I fear does not correspond exactly to the actual ambitions of professional men. I am afraid that the commercialization of the professions, at least some of them, has gone on so far that it is not easy to make a strict line of demarcation between a professional and a business career. The old way of regarding the matter was to say that there were three learned professions ; and this view of the matter still lingers in the minds of some ; but it would perhaps be more correct to say that there are more than three professions and that none of them is as learned as it ought to be. 116 THE CENTENNIAL CELEBRATION There is to begin with the profession of Law. I hope I shall not be regarded as a sordid Philistine in my views of education, but with all respect to those who make so much of culture for culture's sake, I cannot help reaHz- ing that we are Uving in a very practical workaday world and I have a very special leaning therefore toward pro- fessional education. Of course there is the very specific knowledge of the practice of the courts in which one expects to appear and a ready knowledge of the particular body of laws with which one is called upon to deal, which is of the first importance to the practical lawyer, and much of which may may be foreign to the academic study of jurisprudence that we laymen are more apt to be inter- ested in. I am bound, however, to say that a little knowl- edge of that purely academic kind is good for any man and that even the practicing lawyer, in my judgment, would not suffer as the result of having it. Whether one reads Austin or Amos, Blackstone or Holland, Sir Henry Maine or Maitland, I know that the man who does so, whatever his profession may be, will thereby increase his own cubic measurement. I am told that very much depends, so far as success goes, on the way one proceeds in the study of the law. I suppose this is so, but it is hard for me to see that it makes so much difference whether the method be a 'priori or a posteriori — whether the method be, " Here is the case, get the law out of it by a process of induction," or "Here is the law, how can you apply it in this particular case?" You will never convince me that there is only one way of becoming great in legal attainments. I realize in saying all this that I am a lay- man availing myself of the layman's privilege to talk boldly and with a great deal of freedom upon a subject with which I have a very limited acquaintance ; yet the law comes so close to our social relations that the layman may be excused for feeling a little interest in it. Law is UNIVERSITY OF MARYLAND 117 not, as so many suppose, the science of wrangling; it is at least on its criminal side the systematized substitute for private vengeance; it is between individuals what we hope it will become between nations, an arbitral tribunal. The lawyers are the men who know the private hfe of their fellow men in the causes that lead to business estrangements; they are the men who know the ins and outs of the human heart when it is under the dominating influence of greed; they are the men who have a preferred claim to pubhc position; they are the men to discuss the great questions that lie on the boundary line of ethics and poUtics; they are the men who are to deal with the mighty problems of pohti- cal Hfe and help us to say whether the religion of the Nazarene, which has shaped our civihzation, has moral- ized society and has made our laws, is equal to the task of building up a civiUzed hfe among new peoples. It is when the captains and the kings depart; it is when the great admirals sail away, that the work of the lawyer and the statesman begins. For such a work, however, no equipment is too great, and I might very properly, though modestly, plead on this occasion for the general study of philosophical jurisprudence as a propaedeutic to the specific study of municipal law. That general study of course may take on one of several forms. The student of the science may be an historical jurist and trace the genesis of great legal concepts back to their origin in custom, or he may be an analytical jurist and seek to show how the great body of law contained in judicial decisions and in legislative enactments can be comprehended and concatenated in a scheme of system- atic jurisprudence, or he may be a metaphysical jurist and show how the great categories of status and contract, torts and servitudes, which have originated in custom, express after all the fundamental and a priori laws of 118 THE CENTENNIAL CELEBRATION reason; so that instead of judging the product by its genesis, you will interpret the genesis in the light of the product under a high teleological conception of history. This is the idealistic method which prevails in some quar- ters today. But whatever the method may be, it is to be understood that the student is handling great sub- jects, and whatever the relation may be that one sus- tains to the legal profession, these are topics worthy of one's best thought. I do not know how much you who are so soon to be called to the bar care for these things, for you may think that they are very remote from the ordinary practice of the law, but I venture the modest opinion that it will do you no harm to be minutely ac- quainted with the history of your great profession; no harm to know that the Romans taught us how to make testamentary disposition of property and that they thought out the great idea of the impersonal person which figures so largely in public discussion today under the name of a corporation; no harm to know that interna- tional law had its crude beginnings in the Roman doc- trine of the jus gentium and the decisions of the "pnrior peregrinus; no harm to know that equity jurisprudence is largely based on the canon law, that in olden time the Chancellor was an ecclesiastic and that it was in the mel- low light of cathedral windows that the marriage of law and theology was solemnized. I am sure that when a man has pursued the studies to which I refer he will not agree with Sir Frederick Pollock in saying that he sees no reason why a lawyer should be a moral philosopher any more than anybody else, or with Bain when he says that conscience is an imitation within us of the organized gov- ernment without us ; but on the contrary he will say that law is itself based upon conscience and that the dictates of conscience bespeak the greater truth regarding law, to which Hooker refers when he says, "her home is in UNIVERSITY OF MARYLAND 119 the bosom of God and her voice the harmony of the world." And now I must turn to the profession of medicine. It is only a just recognition of the law of division of labor that the science which in its large area deals with the pathological conditions and therapeutic treatment of the human body should have elevated its junior depart- ments of dentistry and pharmacy to a position of aca- demic rank, and I gladly pay my respects to the institu- tion in which these departments hold such conspicuous position. Be it known to you, however, ye masters of odontological science, that we laymen dread you as we do the executioner, and when in a spirit of resignation we rest our heads in your chair, we are sure that we experience some of the emotions that swelled the breast of Charles I and Lady Jane Grey and Mary Queen of Scots when they laid their heads upon the block ; but we thank you never- theless for the service which you have rendered, for to you as much as to any class of men we owe the frac- tional increase in the average length of human life of which the actuaries have informed us; and why not? Is not the molar process of mastication the logical and chronological antecedent of the molecular process of digestion? And speaking of digestion, what shall I not say in praise of modern physiological and pharmaco- logical chemistry? How much has been done by that science in the interest of human life? Less often than before do we see the baby's cradle deepen into the grave ; the old stay with us longer and go more gently down the steep declivities of life; thanks to the articles of food which have been scientifically prepared with special reference to the needs of weak and slow digestion. What a variety of obligation indeed we owe to the men who are engaged in pharmacy! As for medicine, they have made the taking of it a luxury. And it is a part of a 120 . THE CENTENNIAL CELEBRATION gentleman's education now to be able to give the name of the latest specific for headache and dyspepsia. The truth is, I keep up my Greek that way ! Antikamnia, for instance, and rhinitis; only if rhinitis is good for a cold why is not bronchitis good for a cough? But let me come more specifically to speak of the medical profession itself. I do not wonder that leading men in this profession say that a general literary education should precede the study of medicine, so much does eminence in it depend upon high intellectual develop- ment. And yet we should not overlook the fact that in a certain sense the study of medicine is itself a literary education. If one should say that in order to acquire the blacksmith's trade under the best conditions it would be well for one to take two years of all-around exercise in a gymnasium, something might be said in reply to the effect that after all one might acquire a little exercise and some muscular developm^ent in the acquisi- tion of the trade itself. And whether a man has or has not a Bachelor of Arts' degree before entering upon the study of medicine, he will, if he has used his time well during his period of study, have acquired in no small measure a very rigorous m^ental discipline. I remember very well the tribute which Hamerton paid to the science of medicine for the high and varied quality of intellec- tual discipline which the profession involved. It is interesting to notice the affinity that medicine seems always to have had with literary studies; not to speak of John Brown of Scotland, the genial author of "Rab and His Friends," or of our own Dr. Weir Mitchell of Philadelphia, how many there are on the roll of litera- ture who also stand high in the medical profession! I had the pleasure of conversing once with Dr. Osier upon this subject and I was interested in hearing him say that there were four great names in the world's literature also UNIVERSITY OF MARYLAND 121 famous in the history of medicine, these four being Rabe- lais, Sir Thomas Browne, John Locke and OHver Wendell Holmes ; and that it would be impossible to add another name without an anticlimax. Medicine is no parvenu in the peerage of science. Her patent of nobility goes back to the days of Pericles. If I were a medical man I am sure that I should wish to be familiar with the history of medicine from Hippocrates to Galen (and if I had but little use for the Galenian tinctures I should nevertheless roll the Galenian maxims as sweet morsels under my tongue), and from Galen to Vesalius, and from Vesalius to Boerhaave, from Boerhaave to Harvey, from Harvey to Jenner, and thence down to these days of daring laparotomy, with special mention of Sir James Simpson and Lord Lister, the two famous Scotchmen, one of whom made this operation painless and the other made it safe. It is in the medical profession that specialization of function has been carried further perhaps than any- where else. The doctors are the men who seem to have made special application of the text, "This one thing I do." And so we have doctors of the cranium, doctors of the thorax and doctors of the viscera; doctors who give pills and doctors who use the knife ; doctors who investi- gate and do not practice, doctors who practice and do not investigate; serumthe rapists, oculists, aurists, alienists, gynecologists, orthopaedists and osteopathists — and it takes about three of them nowadays to keep any one of us in even ordinary repair. They tell me that the day has gone or is rapidly passing when there is any function for the j old-fashioned family physician, or at least any other function than that of sitting in his office and directing his patients to the proper specialists. They teU me that even in the practice of specialists the old opinion that a general knowledge of the science is a necessary condition of an adequate 122 THE CENTENNIAL CELEBRATION knowledge of any branch of it is not so universally held as it used to be, and that a man will not hesitate now to perform a capital operation in his own department who has never vaccinated a baby nor snipped the frenum of a tongue-tied child! But of course I pay no heed to this idle gossip and slanderous misrepresentation of your noble profession. And what a noble profession indeed it is! What a life it is that you are called upon to live! How close you come to us ! How we love you ! How it soothes us to feel your hand upon us when we are ill ! How when our loved ones are ill we welcome your coming and listen anxiously for your retreating foot- steps and wait for you at the bottom of the stair ! We love to speak of the Saviour of mankind as the Great Physician, and none, it seems to me, more closely follow in His footsteps than those who, regardless of em^olument and at cost of rest and sleep in their unwearied effort to heal the sick and lessen pain, go about doing good. Gentlemen of the medical profession, whether teachers or taught, whether in this city or throughout this broad land, I bid you Godspeed in the prosecution of your noble calling. Oh, ye healers of mankind throughout the world, God bless you. And now as I conclude, I beg the privilege of saying a few words to those of my audience who are standing upon the threshold of their professional life. Accept my congratulations on the completion of your academic career and my good wishes for your success in your several callings. Have a high aim in life and remember that there is nothing so great as love, and nothing so sweet as service. You may look on life as a great game or a great fight, as you may feel disposed, but in either case it means a struggle; but do not lose heart or be discouraged; and remember that your greatest struggle is within the sphere of your moral nature. It is there that you may win your • UNIVERSITY OF MARYLAND 123 greatest victories and there that you may suffer your most shameful defeats. There will be times when you will feel a humiliating sense of self-condemnation, not only because the worst that is in you is so bad, but also because the best that is in you is not good. Seek to take a true measurement of your own merits and defects ; know your- self. Then when the world neglects you and puts a wrong construction upon your motives and your actions, you will find solace in an approving conscience. Then when the world praises you this same knowledge of your- self will serve to keep you humble ; for you will feel that the very graces of your nature have often opened to you doors of opportunity for wrong-doing and that you need forgiveness for the defects of those very qualities which are the exponents of the best elements of your manhood. And again, to all of you. Undergraduates, Alumni, Professors, Regents and Trustees of the University of Maryland, I give once more my very hearty congratula- tions as you step across the threshold of the second cen- tury of your institutional life. I bid you Godspeed and wish you a career of increasing distinction and enlarged equipment in the great scientific work that you are called to do. I hope that you will share in the increasing pros- perity of the city and the State with which you are identi- fied and that from year to year there will go forth into the world from this University those who will adorn their professions and be conspicuous additions to the nforal forces of the Republic. 12 i THE CENTENNIAL CELEBRATION Following President Patton's oration, the grand orches- tra rendered in a masterly manner, the ''Ride of the Valkyries," by Wagner, after which were conferred the degrees in course. First were awarded the degree, Bache- lor of Arts. President Thomas Fell, of St. John's Col- lege, introduced the candidates, and the diplomas con- ferring these degrees, as were all of those following, were awarded by the Chancellor of the University Governor Warfield to each candidate, as presented. Those to receive this degree were : Edgar Henry McBride. Alexander Contee Thompson. Benjamin Hance. Howard Thomas Ruhl. Clarence Ernest Tilghman. Robert Anderson, Jr. Asher Richardson Smith. Walter Griffin Mudd. John Collinson, Jr. Alexander McCully Stevens. Norman Alphonso Belt. John Moore Thompson. Everette LeRoy Bowen. Raoul J. Ruz y Poey. Francis Bernard Gwynn. Marcello Worthington Bordley. Alton Lindolph Arnold. George Donald Riley. President Fell next introduced the candidates for the degree of Bachelor of Science, who were as follows: Eli Elmer Bennett. Cuthbert Clement Cathcart. John Triplett Harrison. Lee Isaac Hecht. William August Strohm. Hugh Aubrey Coulbourn. Irving Patterson Kane. Eugene Webster Magruder. William Fennimore Childs, Jr. Robert Currier Brady. The Dean of the University of Maryland Medical School, R. Dorsey Coale, Ph.D., next presented can- didates for the degree of Doctor of Medicine. Those to receive this degree together with the subjoined Hst of prize men were as follows : Sidney Herman Adler Maryland O. Paul Argabrite West Virginia James Herbert Bates Maryland Benjamin R. Benson, Jr Maryland UNIVERSITY OF MARYLAND 125 Jacob Wheeler Bird Maryland Howard Johnston Bostetter Maryland Ralph Childs Bowen Maryland Marshall J. Brown Maryland Nathaniel Burwell Maryland Walter Mills Carmine Maryland Frederick Denniston Carpenter Kansas Albert Hynson [Carroll Maryland William Henry Daniels Maryland Hazlett Austin Delcher Maryland John Joseph Egan Connecticut Claude John Brandt Flowers Pennsylvania James Shelton Fox South Carolina Rufus Cecil Franklin Georgia Aristide W. Giampietro Italy Salvador GiuHani Duteil Porto Rico Edson W. Glidden, Jr Georgia Walter Colwell Gordon New York T. Arthur GriflEin North Carolina Ernest L. Griffith Virginia Julius Edward Gross Pennsylvania Harry Victor Harbaugh Maryland Raymond V. Harris Georgia Frederick Henry Caspar Heise Maryland Frederick Henry Herrmann Maryland Houston Boyd Hiatt North Carolina Francis E. Jamison Maryland John Cox Keaton Georgia Joseph Isaac Kemler Connecticut Oscar Wentworth King North Carolina Max Kunstler New York Arthur Ernest Landers Ireland Thomas Edwin Latimer Maryland Thomas Henry Legg Maryland Frank Sidle Lynn Maryland W. Culbert Lyon New York John Wilson MacConnell South Carolina Robert Othello McCutchen South Carohna Sylvan McElroy Florida John Sasser McKee North Carolina James Emory Mann North Carolina 126 THE CENTENNIAL CELEBRATION Gurley Davis Moose North Carolina Edgar Shirley Perkins Maryland Thomas H. Phillips Delaware J. Burr Piggott Virginia Harry Young Righton Georgia William Otterbein Roop . Pennsylvania Harry A. Rutledge Maryland Theo. A. Schaefer Maryland Herbert Schoenrich Maryland William F. Schwartz Maryland Charles Reynolds Sheridan Maryland Edward Barney Smith, Jr Pennsylvania John A. Smith Maryland Harry Wilbur Stoner Maryland Edward Lincoln Sutton Pennsylvania Joseph Leo Valentini Maryland Robert Alexander W^arren Virginia PRIZEMEN University Prize— Gold Medal Frank Sidle Lynn James Shelton Fox. Rufus Cecil Franklin. J. Burr Piggott. John A. Smith. Harry Victor Harbaugh. Thomas Edwin Latimer. Next to be presented were the candidates for the Degree Bachelor of Laws. This presentation was made by Ex- Attorney General of the State of Maryland, Prof. John P. Poe, LL.D., Dean of the Law Department of the Uni- versity of Maryland. Those receiving this degree were: Henry Delano Anthony. Gerriet Dewers. Harry Edgar Beachley. Henry Houston Dinneen. Cleveland Robinson Bealmear. Edward Jerome Donahue. Wilham Graham Boyce. James Stephen Donahue. Walter Hooper Buck Thomas Price Dryden. Benjamin Franklin Cator. Thomas Meux Benson Dunn. James Clark. Norman Ray Eckard. Oscar Bechtol Coblentz. John Habersham Elliott. Victor Ignatius Cook. George Louis Eppler. Charles McKendree Cordray. Charles Craig Frears. William Brewster Deen. Charles Beatty Finley, Jr. UNIVERSITY OF MARYLAND 127 Herbert Christian Forrester. Charles Lemuel Prince, Jr. Benjamin Leonidas Freeny. Edward Patrick Reynolds. Thomas Frederick Garey. Hubard Pearce Ringgold. Leman Edwin Goldman. Morris Albert Rome. Robertson Griswold. Richard Contee Rose. Henry Warfield Hambleton. David Scarlett Ross. William Howard Hamilton. William Christopher Schmeisser. Evan Donovan Hans. Charles V. W. Schmidt. John Joseph Haydon. George Murray Seal. George Frank Herbert. Mark Owings Shriver, Jr. John Laurence Jones. Benjamin Alpheus Stansbury. Charles Newman Joyce. Daniel Stephen Sullivan. Lawrence Stern Kaufman. John Carroll Sullivan. ■ Harry Theodore Kellman. George Clark Sweeten. Herbert King. Robeson Lea Thompson. George Henry Leimkuhler. Andrew Herbert Troeger. Austin Jenkins Lilly. Lloyd Webster. Alfred Stengle Marine. Emmet Wallace White. Joshua Marsh Matthews. Howard Cruett Wilcox. George Patterson McCeney. - Raymond Sanderson WiUiams. John Francis Mudd. Wilbur Vance Wilson. John Edward Owens. William Appold Wood. Louis Clifton Perkins. Alexander Yearley. Henry Philip Pielert. Eldridge Hood Young. Next were presented the candidates for the Degree of Doctor of Dental Surgery, by Prof. F. J. S. Gorgas, M.D., D.D.S., Dean of the Dental Department of the University of Maryland. Those to receive this degree were the fol- lowing : Robert Orman Apple North Carolina Troy A. Apple North Carolma Arthur J. Bowker New Jersey Hugh J. Burton Maryland A. Mack Berryhill North Carolma Luther P. Baker North Carolma WiUiam Diedrich Greet New York Francis Derr Carlton North Carolma Abraham Cramer Maryland Miles M. Culliney Connecticut 128 THE CENTENNIAL CELEBRATION William Moylan Degnan , Connecticut Samuel E. Douglas North Carolina Linus M. Edwards North Carolina Travis Fletcher Epes Virginia Singleton C. Ford North Carolina Harrison A. Freeman Maryland Edward Garzouzi Eg>^t Winfield S. Garland New Hampshire Arsenius Georgion Turkey Edward Greene North Carolina James Wilham Harrower Virginia Julius E. Heronenms Maryland John F. Kernodle . . . , North Carolina E. Gordon Lee North Carolina William Judson Lewis New York Paul Lynch Massachusetts William A. Lyons West Virginia Walter S. Lightner Pennsylvania Herbert L. Mann North Carolina Franklin J. Market Florida Samuel Horace McCall North Carolina Robert H. Mills Florida Coleman Joseph O'Shanecy New York William Henry Perrin South Carohna Lawrence J. Robertson Maryland Arthur P. Reade North Carolina Solomon Rosengardt Russia Albert C. Roy New York A. Preston Scarborough Pennsylvania Abraham Samuel Shpritz Maryland Thomas W. Smithson North Carolina Ralph Thomas Somers Virginia Richard F. Simmons Virginia Robert L. Speas North Carolina Herbert C. Smathers North Carolina Wilbert B. Smith Nova Scotia Louis A. H. Theil Wisconsin Sadayoshi Teraki Japan Harry L. Thompson New York George Edward Truitt Maryland George Christopher Weighart New York UNIVERSITY OF MARYLAND 129 PRIZEMEN University Prize — Gold Medal Lawrence J. Robertson Honorable Mention Troy A. Apple Then followed presentation of the following for the Degree of Doctor of Pharmacy by the Dean of the Depart- ment of Pharmacy, Chas. Caspari, Jr., Phar.D.: Thomas William Alexander Georgia Bernard Francis Behrman Maryland Cristobal Julian Carraballo Florida Frederick Garrison Carpenter South Carolina H. A. Brown Dunning, Ph.G , Maryland John Cyril Eby Maryland Richard Independence Esslinger Maryland Amin Fanous Egypt Maysville Jane Freeman Maryland Herman Nicholas Frentz Maryland Samuel William Ford Maryland Joseph Wester Jones Tennessee Louis Kirchner Maryland William Herman Kratz Maryland Charles Osborne Laney Texas Charles Howard Lapouraille Maryland Furman Butler McCrakin South Carolina John Raymond Miller Maryland James Harry Moran Massachusetts Harry John Frederick Munzert Maryland Frederick George Seidel Maryland Norman Everett Shakespeare Maryland Clarence Brooks Sullivan South Carolina Bayard Van Sant Maryland Russell Brown Way Massachusetts Henry Lyman Whittle, Ph.G.,, M.D Maryland PRIZEMEN ■ College Prize for General Excellence Joseph Wester Jones Simon Prize for Practical Chemistry Russell Brown Way Practical Pharmacy Prize Joseph Wester Jones Vegetable Histology Prize Cristobal J. Carraballo 130 THE CENTENNIAL CELEBRATION Certificate of Honor, Awarded in Order of Merit. Russell Brown Way. C. Howard Lapouraille. Maysville J. Freeman. Following the conferring of the degrees a musical com- position of rare beauty and interest was performed, " The University of Maryland Ode/' by Theo. Hemberger (words by Eugene F. Cordell, M.D., '68). The words are pubhshed below. Prof. Theodore Hemberger is the director of the University of Maryland Musical Associa- tion and his composition is of exceptional merit and ranks with the highest classical choral music of today. THE UNIVERSITY ODE EUGENE FAUNTLEROY CORDELL, M.D., '68. Alma Parens, jam annorum, Honoribus coronata! Caput carum candidumque Dii large benedicant. Tibi quae dedisti nobis Dona verbis permajora, Sicut die longe acta Rursus fidem obligamus. Diem bene recordamur Qua stetimus trepidantes In theatre constipato Ut honores accepturi. Quamvis tempus tractaverit. Aulas tuas post relictas, Nos omnino male — semper Aspectu tui recreamur. Quid non tibi faceremus, Mater? fama est eadem, Conglomeremus bona, vitam. Produceremus aurea victu. UNIVERSITY OF MARYLAND 131 Sis praeclara ! sis perpetua 1 Inopinatae gloriae surgas! Surgant turresque ad astra, Radiisque sol coUustret! Next came the award of prizes and conferring of certifi- cates of honor, as mentioned above, after which Governor Warfield in well selected terms introduced President G. Stanley Hall, of Clark University, whose speech follows. ADDRESS OF PRESIDENT G. STANLEY HALL, OF CLARK UNIVERSITY. DELIVERED AT THE LYRIC THEATRE, BALTIMORE, MAY 3L Those were, indeed, remarkable days in which this institution was born — 100 years ago. Thomas Jefferson was then midway in his second term as President of the United States. There were seventeen States in the Union, and Ohio, the last to be admitted, was four years old. The Mississippi River had been our western bound- ary till four years before, when the Louisiana Purchase more than doubled the area of the Republic. Only a year before your charter was granted, Lewis and Clark had returned from their 8000-mile expedition explor- ing and establishing our claim to the Oregon region, and making the Pacific Ocean our western boundary. Two years before, at the Battle of Trafalgar, the power of Spain in the New World as well as in the Old began to totter, and the way was prepared for the acquisition of Florida and the great Southwest, which Aaron Burr had the sagacity to anticipate by what was charged to be a conspiracy, of which however, he was acquitted in 1807. This and the Embargo Act, which closed all our ports to foreign trade and was repealed the same year, just a cen- tury ago, had crippled the East so that statesmen feared for the future predominance of the Atlantic States in view of the vast future they foresaw for the West. But also in 1807 Fulton's first steamer, the Clermont, made its first trip up the Hudson to Albany in thirty-two hours. Congress, too had just provided for a national road from Cumberland, Maryland, to Ohio. The humiliation of the UNIVERSITY OF MARYLAND 133 Barbary Pirates, the Chesapeake Incident and the Proc- lamation of 1807 ordering British armed vessels to leave our waters, and other stirring events leading on to the War of 1812; these not only laid the foundations of our naval power, but contributed to the supremacy of the Eastern States, and the consolidation of the North and South under the so-called Democratic-Repubhcan Party, which had elected the great commoner of Monticello to his second term and which upheld his magnificent states- craft which culminated in his national education pohcy by which the foundations of your institution were influ- enced, if not, indeed, directly inspired. You were the fifth in time of the 152 medical schools now chartered in this country, large and small, some, alas, very small in every sense of that pregnant diminutive. Baltimore had then a population of only 20,000. Begin- ning with the graduating class of five in 1810, you will soon have 6,000 graduates in medicine from all parts of the country, many of them filling important positions in other States. In quahty and leadership, your record, too, is a proud one, showing that your helmsmen have held their tiller true between the Scylla of conservatism and the Carybdis of too radical progress. You were the first institution in the land to compel dissection of the cadaver, to give instruction in dentistry and to estabUsh independent chnics for the diseases of women and chil- dren and for eye and ear troubles, and one of the first to estabUsh a medical library, to teach hygiene and med- ical jurisprudence and to provide chnical instruction m your own hospital, open at all times to students. The erection of your classic old building, begun in 1812 and long the most imposing architectural installation the pro- fession could show in America, the re-creation of the school of law in 1869 under the masterful hand of Professor Poe, the addition of a dental department in 1882, the affiha- 134 THE CENTENNIAL CELEBRATION tion of the Maryland College of Pharmacy, then sixty years old, in 1904, and your affiliation with the historic St. John's College, at Annapolis, now under the able leadership of President Fell: — these are milestones of an indeed unique progress, by which a University with over 1,000 students has developed around the nucleus of a medical school, as in Salerno the oldest of the mediaeval universities, and your histories, as written by Cordell^ and by Steiner,^ are valuable contributions to the edu- cational records of the country's progress. Thus it is that you have so well kept pace with the marvelous advance of the nation during the century throughout which progress has been the dominant note. In no department of life or thought, however, has the advance been greater than in the field of the theory and practice of medicine, and what contrasts are greater than those between methods in vogue when you began and now? Since then the microscope has created half a dozen sciences of objects, the existence of which was almost unknown a century ago, but which are most vital for life, health, reproduction, and disease, sciences which have re-created both interpretation and treatment of symptoms. Chemistry has become, in the language of one of its experts, less a science than a group of sciences, and nowhere has their service been greater than to med- icine. Anaesthetics, antisepsis, antitoxins and ophthal- moscope, the stethoscope, the long war over the cadaver and the later one over duly controlled vivisection: — all these things and many more have widened the scope and increased the efficacy and therefore prolonged the period needful for preparation for your profession. In view of ' Cordell, E. F. : Historical Sketch of the University of Maryland. FriedenwaJd Publ. Co., Baltimore, 1891, pp. 218. ^ Steiner, B. C: University Education in Maryland. U. S. Bureau of Edu- cation. Contributed to Am. Educ. Hist. No. 19. 1894. UNIVERSITY OF MARYLAND 135 all this, it is no wonder that Billroth urged that the history of medicine should be taught in every university as a part of the world's culture history. But a stranger cannot do justice to your record or a layman to the progress of med- ical science, and so for the time allotted me I venture to invite your attention to a few points in the broad field of social therapeutics which are of common interest to the physician and the scientific psychologist. 1. The first of these is the growing tendency to celi- bate life. From an exhaustive study of the statistics of the graduates of nine of our oldest colleges for men and of four for womxcn it appears, that ten years after gradua- tion about one-fourth of the m.en and one-half of the women remain unmarried.^ In our grandfathers' days marriage was early and was contracted joyfully, almost as a matter of course, but now not only in our land, but in every country of Western Europe, especially among those in easy circumstances, young m.en and women delay, deliberate, weigh the attractions of single and of wedded life, consider social and even pecuniary pros and cons till the golden dawn of youth advances to the high noon of maturity and in Herbert Spencer's phrase, "The motives that make for individuation become too strong for those that make for genesis. " The love of freedom, the desire to escape domestic responsibilities, club life, the increas- ing expense — all such m^otives should be as nothing to the fulfillment of the great laws of nature and of God. I am no advocate of most of the premature or unpractical measures that have been proposed, the taxation of bache- lors, Galton's scheme of endowing wedlock for those inclined and pronounced fit by a commission, or even of forbidding it to any considerable classes in the com.- munity, despite the lessons of the Jukes and the Bins- ^ See Marriage and Fecundity of College Men and Women, by G. Stanley Hall and Dr. Theodate L. Smith, Pedagogical Seminary, 1903, Vol. X, p. 275, et seq. 136 THE CENTENNIAL CELEBRATION wangers, Margarets, Aubry's Kerangel family and the tribe of Ishmael, least of all of any fantastic and demoral- izing scheme of the trial marriage order, but I do maintain that every man without the handicap of grave hereditary disease and with even a comfortable wage should marry and that our girls should be trained for home life rather than to secretly nurse the ideals of single blessedness and to ape mannish ways, and that even those thus trained will thereby be best fitted for self- support, should that be their lot. If the cynical views of the wedded state, too rife in the press and in conver- sation, shake the healthful, instinctive faith that thus joys are doubled and troubles halved, then I would even urge that, as it is the citizen's duty to pay taxes and if able-bodied to take up arms if his country's Hfe is at stake, so wedlock is a social, patriotic and religious duty which it should be a point of honor not to shirk. I plead for no rejuvenated platonic state with a tribunal before which every vigorous man from thirty on must seek certificate of exemption, yet even this has been advocated by serious pubHcists in Europe, where more and better soldiers as well as toilers are wanted. I do not argue the case which many of our leading Cathohc brethren are now pleading at Rome, that the clergy be no longer forbidden, but should be encouraged to marry, for the state and the church both need the offspring such men would give to the world. When man has as fully domesticated himself by civiHzation as he has domesticated the animals he rears with such wisdom and care, the voice of the medical pro- fession will be heard upon this problem of the national and racial economy, for nothing in the world is quite so precious as heredity, and those with most ground for pride in their own ancestry should feel most keenly their obligations to transmit the sacred torch of hfe undimmed to future generations. UNIVERSITY OF MARYLAND 137 2. Close to this problem lies that of fecundity versus race suicide. President Eliot long ago showed that Har- vard graduates did not reproduce their own numbers, so that if all the sons they rear went to Harvard that insti- tution would decline 7 and the same is proven in the case of at least seven other Northern colleges and is true to a still greater degree of women graduates. In France, the birthrate has for a long time but little exceeded the rate of death, so that country is nearly at a stand still. For the white and for the native races throughout Austral- asia, the decline of birth is more rapid than in any other part of the world where such statistics are kept, although it has not yet quite reached the critical point of equi- librium. In England itself, which once stood near the head of all lands in fecundity, the progressive sterility is now so marked as to cause anxious forebodings, and medical and parliamentary commissions and various societies have been organized to study and to stem this downward tendency. In Italy, Russia and even in pro- lific Germany, the same decline is more or less pronounced, for the birthrate is tending toward the ominous ratio of twenty per thousand and various groups of learned, patri- otic and philanthropic men, organized and unorganized, are pondering the causes in our own country where so many official voices have spoken that eugenic clubs and Fabian societies are sure to be heard from here by the great public in the very near future. This tendency is most marked among the old families of New England, in the region of abandoned farms and their decadent, mori- bund stirps. Those most prolific in this country were themselves or their parents or grandfathers born in Europe. The most rapid increase is among the poorer classes and among those who inherited the promise of the great cove- nant of Jehovah with Abraham, that if they would do His will, their seed should be as the stars of heaven for 138 THE CENTENNIAL CELEBRATION multitude. Progressive sterility, Gibbon tells us, attended the decline and fall of ancient Rome, as it does the extinction of the many moribund stocks of primitive races. Sidney Webb marshals a mass of evidence to show that today the chief cause of this decline is " delib- erate volition, " and the late head of the Bureau of Statis- tics and Labor says that ''This cause has more effect in reducing our population than war, pestilence and all other causes combined." The old ideal of large families has given place to that of small ones, and that of early to that of late childbearing, so that as Chandler has shown, the intervals between generations is increasing, especially among the upper classes, while in the lower there is one generation more every two hundred years than am^ong the former. Bohannon" and others have described the pathos of the only child in a family, whose parents under the mistaken ideal expressed by the slogan uno sed leo, lavish upon one child all the care meant to be diffused upon many, in the effort to atone by nurture for the enfeeblement of nature and the thwarting of her deepest instincts. Heredity is not only the most precious and ancient form of all wealth and worth, but Huxley said that one ounce of it was worth a ton of education, and modern dramas and novels galore represent posterity as a great cloud of witnesses calling to us, demanding the right to be born and well born, with the desire to revere us as we revere our ancestors. The old families in miost States of the South, despite the hardships of the last generation and a half, have an enviable record compared with us of the old Yankee stock. It would be hard indeed for us if we descendants of the Puritans ever have to offer our morituri salutamus to you, the offspring of the cavaliers, but if that day ever dawns, we must admit that ^ Bohannon, Eugene W. : The Only Child in the Family. Pedagogical Seminary. April, 1898, Vol. V, pp. 475-96. UNIVERSITY OF MARYLAND 139 it is you and not we who have inherited the great promise. For the real test of all the influences that make up civil- ization, as of domestication, is the producing and the bringing to fullest maturity of the best and most children. The fifteen hundred millions that people the earth today are but a handful to those who have lived, and also to those who shall crowd this teeming world when we are all dead, and the real struggle for existence today is the struggle whose offspring should inherit the world and wield the accumulated resources of civilization in the far future. 3. But it is not enough to bear children; they must live and thrive. Amidst all the sin and woe of the world today, I know nothing more pathetic than the bitter cry of infants for milk, pure, fresh, abundant, and above all, natural. In England and Wales, where 120,000 infants die each year, Newman^ has shown that deaths during the first year are about five times as nurrerous among children fed upon cow's milk or artificial and pro- prietary foods as among those that are breast-fed. Bunge's statistics show that in Berlin, despite the asservations of many physicians to the contrary, mortality is six tines as great among those not fed at the breast as am^ong those that are. In many cities of the Old and a few of the New World, comprehensive special studies point to the same result, so that it is a conservative state- ment to say that those artificially fed are from three to six times as likely to die before the age of two as those normally nourished. In Middle Europe, about one-half of the mothers are not able to nurse their children sufl&ciently during the first nine months of life and this sad proportion is increasing, and of Bunge's 1,629 cases, mothers taken at random, two- thirds were unable. Rose's statistics are m.ost compre- ^Infant Mortality: a Social Problem. London, 1906. 140 THE CENTENNIAL CELEBRATION hensive. Out of 157,000 individuals in his tables, those nursed at the breast were not only more viable in the early stages of life, but they were heavier and taller at all ages. Far less were rejected as unavailable for the army and their longevity was greater. Not only this, but every three months of natural nursing increases each one of these advantages. So strong is German senti- ment upon this subject, that a law has been drafted, though not yet passed, heavily fining not only all mothers who can, but will not nurse their offspring, but also those who advise them not to do so. It is very difficult to determine the proportion between genuine inability and disinclination. There is a certain stage when the best mother is the best nurse and when everything in her life should be subordinated to this lacteal function. Without it not only physical but affectional motherhood is incom- plete in its higher qualities. A race that thus neglects posterity has already begun to decline, and even anthro- pometry shows that children thus handicapped in the earliest stage of their development suffer not only physi- cal, but mental and moral disadvantages throughout their lives. They are especially more prone to rickets and dental caries and to summer diarrhoeas, the mortality from which latter seems to be from twelve to eighteen times as great for those artificially fed. The power of adequate lactation, once lost by a mother, is rarely re- gained in her posterity. There is now a general consen- sus among experts who have given this subject most attention that the chief cause of this first stage of sterility is voluntary, and this ominous social danger of our day, which the limited statistics at hand indicate is greater in this country than in Europe, should be resisted by physicians by every m.eans at their disposal. This physiological separation from the mother at birth has often been compared in its effects to premature deliver- UNIVERSITY OF MARYLAND 141 ery, and it is becoming a distinctive feature of civiliza- tion, for the savage mother has abundant milk and to spare. If infants of the future must be thus parted from their mothers and the maternal function be thus abridged and dwarfed, while our offspring become parasites of the cow or dependent upon proprietary foods which are of vege- table and not of animal origin, we must look well to the composition of the latter and to the control of the transit of the former at every stage from the cow to the infant's mouth. Organic chemistry is yet in its infancy and is far from being able to reproduce such very intricate com- pounds as the lacteal fluid, which even Bunge calls one of the most complex and marvelous of all the products of nature, containing in it everything that the body and soul of the child needs for the first year of life. Milk, as everyone knows, is subject to very many kinds of both pollution and infection and is a veritable trap for bac- teria. No pasteurization or sterilization, condensation or any other process can give it anywhere near the value of mother's milk, whatever physicians who have not fol- lowed these recent studies or who are too com.plaisant with their patient's inclinations may say. On the infant's side, too, all these substitutes for nature's provision are more easily imbibed with too little effort and are often too abundant, so that over-feeding is more liable, and the stomach, gorged with starchy food and with animal milk, with far too large a proportion of some ingredients and too little of others, readily becomes delicate and sen- sitive and the curve of mortality sometim.es strikes up- ward in the sultry days of August several scores of points on the percentage scale. We have learned to prolong the average length of Hfe among adults, have greatly lessened the death rate from various diseases, but infant mortaUty has not only not declined, but has slowly and steadily 142 THE CENTENNIAL CELEBRATION increased in all countries where such statistics are kept since the eighties of the last century. Thus, our infants cry and far too often die, for want of the food which nature has so marvelously prepared to meet their needs. You all know the new demands now urged upon many and accepted by some American cities of assuming as complete control of the milk as of the water supply, and not only putting it up in suitable quantities for each meal for each age, but giving it out at free public dispensaries to all who need and even providing nurses gratis to go about and teach its use, as well as the care of new-born infants generally. After weaning and during all the grow- ing years no food is probably more conducive to growth than an abundance of fresh cow's milk, and its adulter- ation or pollution is a crime without a name committed against childhood. The war for pure country milk in cities is spreading today over the whole civilized world, all the more that the human supply is failing, and it is now one of the most important problems of national health and prosperity. It should be one of the first items in the bill of rights for childhood. 4. When the child begins to pass from the home to the street or school, it no less needs the care of the new higher social medicine. Urban Hfe is especially hard on childhood, which needs the country brought to it in play- grounds and parks:— and every possible sunny, grassy, sandy open space counts for increase of health and even life. If the very grave space of each needlessly dead city child were to be added to the play space of the living, there would soon be breathing room enough for exercises, games and gambols for all who survive. Do I go too far or speak rashly if I suggest that what a municipality does for the health of its children is now a good measure of the standing and the influence of the medical profession in it? Surely reduced Saturday and other holiday car- UNIVERSITY OF MARYLAND 143 fares to suburbs and parks, with as much free play over the grass as it will bear (for to what higher use can a good lawn be put?), open school yards every daylight hour when school is not in session, simple pubhc out-of-door gymnastic apparatus and sand piles, the utihzation of all unused lots where population is densest, pubhc baths for children in summer and in winter, the opening of spacious private grounds to the children of the neighbor- hood at stated intervals, ample sheds where children can play in bad weather, roof playgrounds, creches and nur- series for young children of mothers away at work— all these and more are now institutions of the new religion of health of which the physician is priest. These installa- tions now bid fair to take their place beside lying-in and children's hospitals, orphans houses, institutions for defec- tives and so forth; and what in all the world is more worthy of love and service than the bodies and souls of the children who bear our name and will soon take our places in the world's work? The doctor now follows the child into the school and not only tests eyes and ears, looks for adenoids, anaemia, chlorosis, curvatures, measures and weighs, detects dul- lards and subnormals, perhaps has a tiny health book opened for each child, with the cooperation of parents and teachers, discovers infectious diseases in their early stages and removes those who are sources of contagion. He not only selects sites for school houses, roomy, high, well drained, provides sufficient lighting and heating, ventilation, but now studies with great detail mental economy in methods of teaching, suggests the length and hour of the day of the hardest lessons, helps to keep off strain, over-pressure and fatigue, and, in general, strives to make school buildings palaces of health and the cur- riculum a wholesome gymnastic exercise for strengthen- ing sound mentahty. The medical inspection of schools 144 THE CENTENNIAL CELEBRATION now extends in some places not only to every school room, but to every child, whether in day or evening school, and teacher and pupil no longer dread but welcome the phy- sician, and he no longer indulges in undiscriminating and wholesale criticism of schools as the chief cause of hygienic defects whether of individuals or in the community, and the parent welcomes his influence as it penetrates into the home. 5. Lastly, at puberty and through adolescence, or from the dawn of the teens into the early twenties, another new field has lately opened rather suddenly before the physician, which may ere long become a specialty, as pediatrics has long been. The advent of this era is marked by all-sided mental and physical changes and there are new liabilities to disease and grave moral dangers unknown before. Dementia praecox, whatever else it is, is at least degeneration following arrest. The energies of growth are not sufficient for the full development which is due at this nascent period of man's higher life, when nature normally builds a new and splendid story upon the far older and simpler foundation of childhood. The church has treated this stage of life by the cult of con- firmation and conversion, and man is, indeed, born anew, for he now passes from the individual selfish fife into the large one of the race, and altruism and self-sacrifice are now normally at their very best. But the physician now has a wider and almost pastoral function to youth, to help keep them pure, to teach them that true honor is at bottom loyalty to the unborn, to shield them from the quacks that play upon this callow age with shameless advertisements which too many newspapers admit, to assuage the fears, often grave, but happily mostly, though not always, groundless, that sometimes sap the courage and zest of young men for years; fears that spring from ignorance and are removed by a little knowledge as by magic. UNIVERSITY OF MARYLAND 145 But finally, on an occasion like this, one can but barely hint of themes so vast and momentous for the public weal. Let us hope that medical science is today, despite all its achievements, only in its golden adolescent age of promise. If we judge of the future by the past, by the end of another century our most advanced knowledge will seem crude and most cherished ideals fainthearted. Because no profession rests so solidly upon the foundations of modern science, none has a better right to expect great things for itself in the future, and none can render such service in developing men of a higher type who will be able to realize high ideals in all departments of human life. 146 THE CENTENNIAL CELEBRATION Prof. G. Stanley Hall's address was listened to with rapt attention. An educator of such eminence, who had been instructor and professor in the most renowned universi- ties of our country, who founded the first laboratory for experimental psychology in America, who founded the American Journal of Psychology, and who had the honorary degree of Doctor of Laws from four universities and the degree of Doctor of Philosophy from three different uni- versities, would naturally be Hstened to with intense inter- est on a subject which he had made the study of his life. When he had resumed his seat among the applause of the vast audience. Prof. Robert Leroy Haslup arranged the great throng of the Baltimore Choral Society and the Grand Orchestra for the rendition of Hemmeter's Choral Work, entitled "Hygeia." Hygeia — Composition for mixed chorus, tenor solo and grand orchestra. This composition is more specifically an Apotheosis on the Calling of Medicine. It has been performed in New York, Washington and Baltimore. At the Nation's Capitol it was sung by the Washington Sangerbund, on March 21, 1904. Its first performance, however, was at the meeting of the American Medical Association in Baltimore, in May 1895. (See the Doctors' Recreation Series, edited by Ina Russelle Warren, and William Pepper, Vol. on " Poems by the Doctor, for the Doctor and About the Doctor, The Saalfield PubHshing Company, 1904, pp. 219 and 286.) It has been the subject for editorials of the prominent m.edical journals of our country (See New York Medical Journal, March 30, 1896, Article entitled "Medicine and Music") The composition is in modern classical style, and whilst it immediately catches the listener by its effective harmonies, it does not lack that impressive massiveness which should be characteristic of all academic music. The orchestration to this compo- Group of Five Candidates upon Whom the Degree of Doctor OP Laws, Honoris Causa, was Conferred, at the Academic Ceremonies of May 31 cCT UNIVERSITY OF MARYLAND 147 sition is also one characterized by richness and melodi- ousness. Between the first and second part of the chorus there is a tenor solo which was sung by Mr. Frederick H. Weber, a distinguished artist of Baltimore. The first and second parts of the chorus are connected by an orchestral composition in which the voices take no part; then the solo tenor and the chorus in mutual response enter in a fugue-like movement which gradually leads up to an impressive climax with which the composition terminates. The words of the composition, which are also by the Composer, are as follows : Hail to all Aesculapians, the Nations bond enfolds And to all good companions, whom friendship's union holds; Hygeia ! Grant thy blessing to all whom we adore, And with thy healing wisdom guide thou us evermore. From silent forest flowing thy healing water pour. Refreshing all that's growing and aiding life endure. And as the meadows languish for blessed rain, so we When suff'ring, in our anguish, Hygeia sigh for thee. When we are weak and ailing, let thou us not despair, With succor never failing bring hope and comfort fair. O thou benignant mother of health and strength and might. Bring brother near to brother in knowledge, truth and right. BESTOWAL OF HONORARY DEGREES. Although possessed with the authority to grant honorary degrees since 1812, the University of Maryland has exer- cised this function very sparingly. The degree of Doctor of Medicine honoris causa has been conferred a number of times, the first in'1818 and the last at the recent com- mencement. In 1825 the degree of M.D. honoris causa was conferred on Ephraim McDowell, the father of ovariotomy, and incidentally of abdominal surgery, whose name and fame thus to a certain extent became linked with that of this University. 148 THE CENTENNIAL CELEBRATION The degree of LL.D. was first bestowed upon the illustrious Marquis de LaFayette in 1824, upon the occasion of his visit to this city at that time, and only four times subsequently until 1907, the recipients having been Hons. John P. Kennedy, Reverdy Johnson, George W. Dobbin and William Pinkney Whyte, late United States Senator from Maryland, men of great distinction and profound learning. It was thus in keeping with the prior custom of bestow- ing degrees only upon men worthy to be thus honored by the University that a number of honorary degrees were added to the Hst already given. A detailed description of the introduction of the candidates to receive these degrees by those who proposed them is given below. The Honorary Degrees conferred and those receiving them follow in order. Master of Arts — Eugene F. Cordell and B. Merrill Hopkinson, Baltimore; Richard L. Simpson, Richmond, Va. Doctor of Pharmacy — Charles E. Dohme, John F. Han- cock and Henry P. Hynson, Baltimore. Doctor of Medicine — Thomas C. Gilchrist, Baltimore. Doctor of Science — ^Alexander C. Abbott and Charles P. Noble, Philadelphia; J. Homer Wright, Boston; J. Ford Thompson, Isaac S. Stone and Henry D. Fry, Washing- ton, D. C. ; Henry J. Berkley, J. Whitridge WilUams and Nathaniel G. Keirle, Baltimore. Doctor of Laws — William T. Councilman and WiUiam T. Porter, Boston ; Simon Flexner and S. J. Meltzer, New York; G. Stanley JHall, Worcester, Mass, ; Francis L. Patton, Princeton; James McSherry, Frederick, Md.; James Carroll and Walter Wyman, Washington, D. C; WiUiam J. Mayo, Rochester, Minn.; William T. Howard and Samuel C. Chew, Baltimore; C. A. Ewald, BerUn. UNIVERSITY OF MARYLAND 149 Doctor of Sacred Theology — Luther B. Wilson, Balti- more. At the conferring of Honorary Degrees, Dr. Thomas Fell, as Vice-Chancellor, addressed the assembly as fol- lows : "It has been an ancient custom for universities on festal days to honor men of learning by the bestowal of personal tokens of admiration, in recognition of their achievements in the field of Literature, Art, Science or Theology. In conformity with this usage, the Regents of the University of Maryland, desiring to place upon the honor roll of this University the names of certain distin- guished men, have caused a mandate to be issued, directing that on this occasion degrees honoris causa be conferred upon those whose names will now be presented to the Chancellor one by one. "Mr. Chancellor, I have the honor and privilege to present three of those who are named in this mandate of the Regents as worthy of special honor, and to ask that they be admitted to the degree of Master of Arts. "Dr. Eugene F. Cordell, the author of the Centennial Ode, and historian of the University, to whom is owed the inspiration for this Centennial Celebration, and who, during his lifelong association with the University, has done much to forward its interests. The degree is con- ferred in recognition of his high scholarship and literary ability. "Dr. B. Merrill Hopkinson, who has done much to stimulate and arouse the enthusiasm of the Alumni of the University and who has, at all times, maintained a high reputation for scholarly excellence in various branches of learning and art. 150 THE CENTENNIAL CELEBRATION "Dr. Richard Simpson, who has attained a high degree of skill in his profession, which the University desires to stamp with its approval." In introducing Messrs. Dohme, Hancock and Hynson for the degree of Phar.D., Professor Caspari, of the Board of Regents, spoke as follows : "Mr. Chancellor, I have the honor to present three of those men who have been deemed worthy of special honor by the Regents, and who have been named in their man- date, and I respectfully ask that they be admitted to the degree of Doctor of Pharmacy honoris causa. " Charles Emile Dohme, graduate of the Maryland Col- lege of Pharmacy, Class of 1862, who has devoted the greater part of his life to laboratory work pertaining to manufacturing pharmacy, resulting in numerous and valuable improvements in chemical preparations. "John Francis Hancock, graduate of the Maryland College of Pharmacy, Class of 1860 ; for the past forty-odd years a staunch advocate of ethical pharmacy, contribut- ing to its literature and scientific research. " Henry Parr Hynson, graduate of the Maryland College of Pharmacy, Class of 1877, who for thirty years has been an enthusiastic advocate of ethical pharmacy, and since 1900 an earnest and successful instructor .in the depart- ment of pharmacy in this University." In introducing Dr. Thomas Caspar Gilchrist, Professor R. Dorsey Coale said: Mr. Chancellor: In the name of the Regents of this University, I have the honor to propose Thomas C. Gil- christ for the degree of Doctor of Medicine honoris causa. He is a member of the Royal College of Surgeons, Eng- UNIVERSITY OF MARYLAND -^^^ land, and has the degree of Bachelor in Medicine from the University of London. In acknowledgment of his abihties as a teacher and his valuable contributions to Dermatology, his name is proposed for the academic dis- tinction above mentioned. In introducing Drs. Chas. P. Noble and I. S. Stone, Professor Thomas Ashby, of the Regents, said: "It gives me great pleasure to present for the degree of Doctor of Science, Dr. Charles Percy Nohle, of Phila- delphia, and Dr. Isaac Scott Stone, of Washington. These gentlemen are graduates of the Medical Department ot the University, and each has won honorable distinction as a teacher, author and clinician." Professor Charles W. Mitchell next proceeded to the seat of the chancellor and calhng the names of J. Homer Wright, of Boston; Alexander C. Abbott, of Philadelphia, and Henry J. Berkley, of Baltimore, these three candi- dates rose from their seats and faced him. Thereupon Professor Mitchell said: Mr Chancellor, In the name of the Regents ot the University of Maryland, I have the honor to propose for the degree of Doctor of Science honoris causa the names of three distinguished alumni of this University, namely, J. Homer Wright, Associate Professor of Pathology at Harvard University, who has earned a national reputa- tion for his momentous researches and contributions to pathology. Alexander C. Ahhott, alumnus Medical Department of 1884 now Professor of Bacteriology and Hygiene m the University of Pennsylvania; Health Officer of the City of Philadelphia, author of a scholarly work on bacteriology. Henry J. Berkley, of Baltimore, author of research work of great merit concerning the finer anatomy of the central 152 THE CENTENNIAL CELEBRATION nervous system and more particularly of the finer termin- ations of the nerve fibers through the organs and tissues of the body. His work on Psychiatry has met with the approval of foreign authorities on this subject. In introducing Drs. Henry D. Fry and John W. WilUams for honorary degrees Prof. L. Ernest Neale spoke as follows : "Your Excellency, I have the honor to present two gentlemen who have been deemed worthy of special honor by the Regents, and whose names appear upon their list, and in accordance with their mandate, recommend that they be admitted to the degree of Doctor of Science honoris causa. Both of these gentlemen are graduates of this University and both have ably proven themselves worthy sons of such a worthy parent. In order of senior- ity I first present Dr. Henry D. Fry, of Washington, D. C, well known as an eminent specialist, and also by his valuable contributions to medical literature and science. The second gentleman is Dr. John W. Wilhams, of Balti- more, Md. Dr. Wilhams is a well-known speciahst in the Medical Department of the Johns Hopkins University, a contributor to medical science and an author of national reputation." In introducing Chief Judge James McSherry, of the Maryland Court of Appeals, Prof. John [Prentiss Poe, of the Board of Regents, said: " In 1869 it was my privilege to move the admission of James McSherry to the Bar of the Court of Appeals. He was then a very young man, but young as he was he had already made a strong impression upon the Bench and Bar of his circuit. In 1887 he was made Chief Judge of his circuit, and as such became a member of the Court of UNIVERSITY OF MARYLAND 153 Appeals. Since 1896 he has been the Chief Judge of that high tribunal — our State Court of last resort in Maryland. "During the twenty years of his judicial career^ he has worthily won his right to take rank with the best and most distinguished of our judges, and in the exercise of his functions as Chief Judge of our highest court, by com- mon consent he stands fully abreast of the ablest of his predecessors. He is profoundly learned in all the branches of his profession, the cases which he is called on to con- sider and decide embracing in their wide range and scope nearly every subject of forensic controversy. ^'His extraordinary diligence and capacity for long- continued and thorough investigation are now proverbial in Maryland and he brings to the examination of the large and complicated questions constantly submitted to him a mental vigor and grasp that extort admiration and praise. His established reputation as a jurist of great ability and wide and diversified attainments in his pro- fession call for generous and emphatic recognition and the Regents name him most heartily for the Honorary Degree of Doctor of Laws. " To our great sorrow he is at this time confined to his home by a distressing illness, so that it is absolutely impossible for him to appear in person and receive the mark of distinction which we wish to confer upon him, but we all agree that it be conferred upon him in absentia and request that you will direct the diploma to be for- warded to him." In introducing President Granville Stanley Hall, of Clark University, Worcester, Mass., Mr. Poe said: ^Conspicuous amongst the most accomplished educa- tors of the age, his work as a most learned and cultivated Professor of Psychology found fitting appreciation in his call, some years ago, from a Chair of Psychology in 154 THE CENTENNIAL CELEBRATION Johns Hopkins University which he dignified and adorned, to the Presidency of Clark University. This position of commanding influence he still occupies with the most dis- tinguished ability and success." In introducing President Francis Landey Patton, of Princeton, Mr. Poe said: " For many years the honored and admired President of Princeton University, he is now the revered and beloved President of Princeton Theological Seminary. "Justly distinguished for profound and diversified learning, he adds to the graces of the most extensive culture a marvelous power of keen logical analysis and a beauty and force of rhetorical expression seldom found in harmonious combination. As a reasoner, theologian and pulpit orator he stands in the very foremost rank of scholars and divines and is everywhere recognized as a man of extraordinary power in all the high qualities and endowments that command admiration and homage. "We honor ourselves in honoring him." The following were Mr. Poe's remarks in presenting Dr. William Travis Howard: "For more than thirty years William Travis Howard was one of the most eminent of the Faculty of Physic of the University of Maryland. He is a physician and sur- geon of great originality and skill, thoroughly familiar with the best learning and literature of his profession and the constant upholder of its loftiest ideals. " His former associates on the Board of Regents, recall- ing with gratitude and admiration his long, laborious and distinguished services, and his large share in maintaining and advancing the honor and fame of the University, gladly avail themselves of this occasion to present him for the honorary degree of Doctor of Laws, to which he is justly entitled by his acknowledged professional eminence UNIVERSITY OF MARYLAND 155 and the culture and scholarship by which he has made his professional distinction the more conspicuous and attrac- tive.'' On presenting Dr. Samuel Claggett Chew, Mr. Poe said : "Upon the death, in 1864, of his accomplished and lamented father, Prof. Samuel Chew, whose memory is still held in highest honor as one of the most learned of the long line of eminent men, who from the beginning of its work, one hundred years ago, have shed lustre upon the School of Medicine of the University, Samuel Claggett Chew was elected a professor in the Faculty of Physic. During all these intervening years he has dedicated him- self with constantly increasing zeal and power to the study and practice of his profession and to the discharge of his important duties as one of the most learned and gifted members of the Faculty. " During a professorship of forty-three years thousands of students have had the benefit of his luminous and com- prehensive instruction and now, with a mind of great original force enriched by the invaluable stores of a wide and diversified experience and strengthened by assiduous cultivation and ripe scholarship, he still invigorates the University by the fruits of his high character, matured wisdom and unusual attainments. " Making an exception in his case, because of his peculiar claims to honorary distinction, to their determination not to present for an honorary degree any of their own num- ber, his colleagues in the Board of Regents with hearty and affectionate unanimity commission me to present him to you for the degree of Doctor of Laws as a just recogni- tion of long years of most admirable and successful work cheerfully done by him for his Alma Mater, to whose high rank amongst the Universities of the country he has so largely contributed." 156 THE CENTENNIAL CELEBRATION On presenting Drs. N. G. Keirle, J. Ford Thompson, Wm. J. Mayo and James Carroll, Professor Randolph Winslow said: "I have the honor to present two of those whom the Regents have deemed worthy of special distinction, and whose names are mentioned in their mandate. Dr. Nathaniel Garland Keirle, of Baltimore, and Dr. Joseph Ford Thompson, of Washington, D. C, and request that the honorary degree of Doctor of Science be conferred upon them. "Dr. Nathaniel Garland Keirle graduated from the Medical Department of this University in 1858 and has passed his life in this city, in the pursuit of his profession. He has held a professorial chair in the College of Phj^si- cians and Surgeons of Baltimore for many years, but it is as the Director of the Pasteur Institute of this city that he has attained his greatest usefulness, and achieved his highest reputation. By his successful treatment of those bitten by rabid animals he has proved him^self a veritable bulwark of this and neighboring communities against that dread disease, rabies; and I take great pleasure in presenting him for the degree of Doctor of Science. " Dr. Joseph Ford Thompson graduated from the Med- ical Department of this University in 1857 and has recently celebrated the 50th anniversary of his graduation. He is distinguished as a surgeon and as the Professor of Surgery for many j^ears in Columbian, now George Washington Universit}^, of Washington, D. C. He is unfortunately unable to be present on this occasion and I request that the degree of Doctor of Science he conferred on him in absentia. "I have the honor to present two of those whom the Regents have deemed worthy of special distinction, and whose names are inscribed in their mandate, and request UNIVERSITY OF MARYLAND 157 that the honorary degree of Doctor of Laws be conferred upon them. " The name of one of these gentlemen will be recognized at once in this or any other community where rational medicine is taught and practiced, Dr. William James Mayo, of Rochester, Minn., at this time President of the American Medical Association. Dr. Mayo is a surgeon of world-wide renown, and is second to none in this or any other country. I have great pleasure in presenting him for the degree of Doctor of Law^s. " I have great pleasure, and I may say a melancholy pleasure, in presenting the name of Major James Carroll, U. S. A., as a candidate for the degree of Doctor of Laws as he is languishing on a bed of sickness and is unable to be present. Dr. Carroll graduated from the Medical Department of this University in 189L He entered the Army as a private and has recently, by a special act of Congress, for services of extraordinary merit, been pro- moted to the rank of Major in the Medical Department of the Army. His work as a member of the IT. S. Army Yellow Fever Commission, by means of which the dis- covery that yellow fever is propagated by the bites of infected stegomyia mosquitoes, and not by contagion, was demonstrated, is of an epoch-making character and will take rank with the discovery of the protective power of vaccination against smallpox by the immortal Jenner. Dr. Carroll permitted himself to be bitten by an infected mosquito, and contracted yellow fever therefrom, and barely escaped with his life. His name will always be a land-mark in the history of medicine. I ask that the degree of Doctor of Laws be conferred on him in absentia." Prof. John C. Hemmeter next arose and said : "In the name of the Regents of the University of Maryland, it is my pleasure to propose to you a man, who 158 THE CENTENNIAL CELEBRATION is an ornament to the public scientific service of our national government, General Walter Wyman, Supervis- ing Surgeon-General, U. S. Marine Hospital Service. He is an authority on and influential promoter of public hygiene in the U. S. Marine Hospital Service, a depart- ment of government of the highest standing, that extends its benefits and investigations to every part of our country and colonies, securing for all an accurate knowl- edge of the defenses against invasion by disease, and the maintenance of correct sanitation. The chief of this far- reaching work is a physician and scholar, whose adminis- trative duties have not prevented his strong personal devotion to scientific research. He originated and estab- lished sanitoria and hygienic laboratories in different parts of our country and in the colonies; chairman of the "Yellow Fever Institute;" author of many valuable publications on sanitation and public health, and adminis- trator of the rarest executive ability. I have the honor to present General Walter Wyman for the degree of Doctor of Laws. " In the name of the Regents of the University of Mary- land I have the honor to propose for the same degree the name of Samuel James Meltzer, natural philosopher, clini- cian and author of Physiologic Research of enduring excel- lence. His investigations on and discoveries in the normal processes of life have caused his name to be enrolled in the Usts of the learned academies and associations of this country, he himself being the founder of the Society for Experimental Biology and Medicine, of New York. His achievements have been valuable for the explanation of the cause and also for the relief of human suffering, and have commanded the admiration of all subsequent workers in the same field in every land, who acknowledge him as an investigator of penetrating thoroughness. UNIVERSITY OF MARYLAND 159 " I have the honor to propose William Thomas Council- man for the degree of Doctor of Laws. Dr. Councilman is an alumnus of this University, a native of Baltimore, formerly professor at the University of Maryland and Johns Hopkins University, now Professor of Pathology at Harvard University, Boston. An inspiring teacher, master of pathology, whose researches are of enduring excellence and represent on man 3^ subjects of abnormal life, pioneer contributions, not only in this country, but pioneer for the world. One of the men not seen by the outer world, but who has looked deeply into the fundamental laws of life. 'II maestro di color che sanno/ as Dante said of Aristotle, ^A master among those that know.' " I now have the honor to present for the brotherhood of scholarship the name of William Townsend Porter, Professor of Physiology of Harvard University, Boston. A physiologist and research worker of international renown; master disciplinarian and inspiring teacher on the normal processes of life, whose works constitute an enduring monument to American physiologic science. By direction of the Regents of the University of Mary- land I have the pleasure to nominate Dr. Porter for the degree of Doctor of Laws. "Simon Flexner, Director of the Rockefeller Institute for Medical Research in New York; editor of the Journal of Experimental Medicine; formerly Professor of Pathology at the University of Pennsylvania, and Associate Pro- fessor in the Johns Hopkins University. A profound investigator of both the normal and abnormal conditions of life. A brilliant scholar, who has traveled the globe in search for the causes of disease. An ornament to Amer- ican medicine and skilled organizer, with keen insight into the problems of life. A man whom we would heartily welcome back again as a teacher in any one of our great 160 THE CENTENNIAL CELEBRATION Maryland institutions. I have the honor to propose Dr. Flexner for the degree of Doctor of Laws." After the preceding degrees had been conferred, Dr. Fell arose and said: "I have the honor and privilege to present another of those who are named in this mandate of the Regents as worthy of special honor, and to ask that he may be admitted to the degree of Doctor of Sacred Theology, the Right Reverend Luther B. Wilson, Bishop of the Metho- dist Episcopal Church, a scholar of distinguished and varied accomphshments. He originally graduated from Dickinson College in 1875 v/ith the Degree of Bachelor of Arts; later he pursued a course in medicine at the University of Maryland and attained the degree of Doctor of Medicine; then determining to enter the ministry, he studied theology and has been honored with the degree of Doctor of Divinity by Dickinson College. He is a Bishop of the M. E. Church. The University of Mary- land desires to honor him in recognition of his ability and general culture, and for his earnest efforts to pro- mote the intellectual and spiritual advancement of those associated with him." Immediately after the conferring of the last honorary degree, the orchestra rendered Handel's Largo, and thereafter the audience arose to receive the Benediction of the Right Reverend Wilham Paret, D.D. Bishop of Maryland, and then adjourned amidst the magnificent music of Wagner's prelude to the Third Act of " Lohen- grin." It had been decided to confer the honorary degree of Doctor of Laws upon Geheimer Rath, Prof. Carl Anton Ewald, of the University of Berlin, during the exercises of this morning. Unfortunately Professor Ewald was Three Candidates upon whom the Degree op Doctor of Laws, Honoris Cadsa, was Conferred and Two Candidates upon whom the Degree OP Doctor of Science, Honoris Causa, was Conferred itiHc; - ^ c:pTjA(iifR^f!|(,pFT.ciwA.-ajp_fpa;|VLoO ■' UNIVERSITY OF MARYLAND 161 prevented from being present owing to a death in his family which occurred on the eve of his departure from BerUn. But as the Regents had decided not to confer this degree in absentia no action was taken until the evening of the same day, the Regents having had a rapid understanding to make an exception in the case of Prof. C. A. Ewald. He was accordingly proposed by Prof. J. C. Hemmeter during the Banquet at the Lyric Music Hall on the evening of May 31. THE ACADEMIC BANQUET ON MAY 31, AT THE LYRIC MUSIC HALL, REUNION OF ALUMNI. " Ecce quam bonum, et quam jucundum habitare fratres in unum." (Psalm CXXXIII, I.) With these beautiful words: ' 'Behold, how good and how pleasant it is for brethren to dwell together in unity," a quartet of the ablest singers in the City of Baltimore, led by Dr. B. Merrill Hopkinson, initiated the great academic banquet on the evening of Friday, May 31. The Banquet Committee, of which Dr. G. Lane Taney- hill was Chairman, had labored diligently for six months in preparation of this feast of the Alumni and guests of the Regents of the University of Maryland. Before these gentlemen were conducted to the large concert hall of the Lyric, which on the sam.e morning had been the scene of one of the most impressive academic ceremonies ever held in Maryland, they met in the smaller or reception hall of the Lyric. Here the master minds representing many of our most illustrious institutions of learning, met and were arranged into a procession by the Chairman of the Banquet Committee and his aides. Not only educators. University presidents, professors and men distinguished in science were there, but many jurists of national repu- tation, judges of the Supreme Bench, the Governor and 162 THE CENTENNIAL CELEBRATION principal officials of the State, the Mayor and officials of the municipal government. Senator WilUam Pinkney Whyte, United States Senator I. Rayner, Hon. Charles J. Bonaparte, the Marylander at present in the President's Cabinet as Attorney General of the United States. The great joy of the festival of that morning was still in their hearts, but soon the solemnity gave way to unrestrained cordiaUty and good cheer. After the gravity and classical character of the exercises of the same m^orn- ing, the general light character of the addresses of the evening was heartily appreciated. The Baltimore Sun and Baltimore American of June 1 state that more than five hundred Alumni and distin- guished guests of the University of Maryland were seated at the banquet table. The following is a copy of the menu and programme : 1807 CENTENNIAL ANNIVERSARY 1907 UNIVERSITY OF MARYLAND BANQUET BY THE UNIVERSITY OF MARYLAND IN COMMEMORATION OF ITS ONE HUNDREDTH ANNIVERSARY THE LYRIC Baltimore, Maryland Friday, May 31, 1907 7.30 p.m. TOASTS Hon. Jno. Prentiss Poe, LL.D., Toast Master. The President op the United States, Hon. Charles J. Bonaparte, Attorney-General of the United States The State of Maryland, His Excellency, Governor Edwin Warfield The City of Baltimore, His Honor, J. Barry Mahool, Mayor UNIVERSITY OF MARYLAND 163 Our Guests. The University of Maryland Hon. Henry D-lHarlan. Our Alumni, Hon. William Cabell Bruce. Our Centennial Prof. Joh?i C. Hemmeter, Ph.D., LL.D. Woman Folger McKinsey, Esq. MUSICAL NUMBERS March My Maryland Itzel Overture The Merry Wives of Windsor Nicolai Selection M'lle Modiste Herbert Waltz Wine, Woman and Song Straus Cornet Solo " Selected MR. ARTHUR MILLER Medley Reminiscences of the South Boetger Fanfare Gallants of Maryland Hemmeter Overture Zampa Herol Selection Robin Hood De Koven March En Avant Gungle Musical Director, Prof. John Itzel. Centennial of the University of Maryland May 30 to June 2, inclusive John C. Hemmeter, M.D., Phil. D., LL.D. Chairman Committee of Regents. B. Merrill Hopkinson, A.M. M.D., Secretary. committee on banquet G. Lane Taneyhill, M.D., Chairman Henry M. Wilson, M.D. Thomas Fell, LL.D. D. M. R. Culbreth, A.M. M.D. T. O. Heatwolb, DD.S. J. P. GoRTER, LL.B. Arthur M. Shipley, M.D. Charles Caspari, Jr., Phar.D. John Houff, M.D. H. H. Biedler, M.D. E. F. Kelly, Phar.D. H. P. Hynson, Phar.D. Isaac H. Davis, D.D.S. Charles E. Sadtler, M.D, C. V. Mathews, D.D.S. A. D. McConachie, M.D. Walton H. Grant, A.B. 164 THE CENTENNIAL CELEBRATION The Banquet Committee had met the necessities and emergencies of the occasion with such rare executive abihty that there was not a moment's hitch in the entire performances of the evening. Not one of the five hundred and seventeen banqueters had any difficulty in finding his seat at one of the long beautiful tables. When all were seated Dr. G. Lane Taneyhill, in a graceful address, transferred the guidance of affairs to the President of the Banquet, Prof. John Prentiss Poe. When this brilliant and versatile jurist assumed command at the head of the principal table, every one of the banqueters felt convinced that the guidance of affairs was in a master's hand. Professor John Prentiss Poe, LL.D., is so identified with the history of the State of Maryland, its history not only in political affairs, but its history in all affairs apper- taining to law, education and general scholarship, that he can be considered a manof national reputation. Under the guidance of a man of such rare moral and intellectual force, who had received the degree of Doctor of I^aws from his Alma Mater, Princeton University, the banquet was a most felicitous occasion. All of the distinguished scholars who had received honorary degrees on the same morning were guests of the University, and seated about the various beautifully decorated tables. The same grand orchestra which had given such a highly meritorious performance of the various classical composers during the morning, was seated on the great stage, and its renditions were characterized by the same high degree of musical ability as during the morning ceremonies. Some of the numbers were produced under the direction of two Alumni, namely Dr. B. Merrill Hop- kinson and Prof. John C. Hemmeter. The following account of this academic banquet is taken from the Baltimore Sun of June 1, 1907: UNIVERSITY OF MARYLAND 165 ALUMNI AT FEAST. SONS OF THE UNIVERSITY OF MARYLAND HONOR THEIR ALMA MATER. LYRIC SCENE OF BEAUTY. MR. BONAPARTE WELCOMES ANOTHER CENTURY OF SUCCESS. GOVERNOR PROUD OF THE PAST. STATE S EXECUTIVE TELLS OF HER DEBT TO THE INSTITUTION OF LEARNING. MAYOR MAHOOL LAUDS BALTIMORE'S PROGRES- SIVE SPIRIT. More than 500 alumni and distinguished friends of the University of Maryland cheered and sang themselves hoarse last night at the big banquet at the Lyric to commemorate the university's centenary. Maryland songs were on their lips and every mention of the State or of the glorious old institution which has just rounded out a cen- tury of usefulness was hailed with acclaim. One would have believed the university was 100 years young by the way her sons sang the praises of their alma mater. Venerable men hobnobbed with beardless youths over the banquet table, each eager to tell the rest of the "good old days" in field and classroom. APPLAUSE FOR "MARYLAND MY MARYLAND." The playing of ''Dixie" by Itzel's Orchestra, which was stationed on the big stage, was the signal for pandemonium. The guests and subscribers, 517 strong, rose as one man and cheered. Napkins were waved aloft and the old Confederate yell was raised by many a veteran of hard-fought fields. Governor Warfield led the applause when the orchestra struck up "Maryland, My Maryland, "and it was of several minutes' duration. The University's guests, too, caught up the refrain and joined with the men of the Old Line State. WORDS OF CHEER. Maryland's most distinguished men were upon the toast list, and as each paid a glad and reverent tribute to the University he was applauded to the echo. The toasts were spirited and calculated to stir the pride of college men in the name of the institution on whom they help to shed luster. The following toasts were responded to: "The President of the United States," Attorney General Bonaparte. 166 THE CENTENNIAL CELEBRATION "The State of Maryland," Governor Warfield. "The City of Baltimore," Mayor Mahool. "Our Guests," Hon. Wm. Pinkney Whyte, Rev. Dr. Francis L. Patton, Dr. Wm. S. Thayer. "The University of Maryland," Judge Henry D. Harlan. "Our Alumni," City Solicitor William Cabell Bruce. "Our Centennial," Prof. John C. Hemmeter. "Woman," Mr. Folger McKinsey. At the close of the dinner Prof. John C. Hemmeter announced that the honorary degree of doctor of laws had been conferred on Prof. C. A. Ewald, of the Poyal University of Berlin. Dr. Ewald was to have attended the centennial to have the degree bestowed upon him, but the sudden death of his mother prevented. Professor Hemmeter made the nomination. ODE TO WOMAN The banqueters were treated to a surprise when Mr. Folger McKin- sey, "the Bentztown Bard," read a poem in his response to the toast "Woman." It at once caught the fancy of those about the snowy tables, and at its close the applause was deafening. THE DECORATIONS Maroon and black, the colors of the University, were the basis of the color scheme, carried out to such an effect that the big hall was a bower of beauty. About the balcony was a background of solid white, on which shields and devices were displayed. American flags and those of the State were elaborately used in the decorations. Against the front of the balcony on the north side of the room was the great seal of the University of Maryland, and on the sides, draped with American flags, were the devices "1807" and "1907." A big Ameri- can shield was depicted on the left of the stage, and on the right hung the Stars and Stripes. Festoons of red, white and blue lights were swung by green stream- ers from the chandelier in the center to the balcony, and helped to make the place more beautiful. During the afternoon a cablegram had been received from Geheimer Rath, Prof. Carl Anton Ewald, of the Uni- versity of Berhn. During a hurriedly arranged meeting the Regents had unanimously decided to confer the degree of Doctor of Laws (honoris causa) upon Prof. Ewald in UNIVERSITY OF MARYLAND 167 absentia, and Professor Poe in calling the assemblage to order, announced that Professor Hemmeter would nominate this distinguished German scientist for this degree. Professor Hemmeter then addressed the meeting in the followdng words: Mr. President and Gentlemen: It is a great pleasure to me to be the agent of the Regents of this University, in an effort to make good an apparent neglect of this morning. It is one of the regulations of this University never to confer an honorary degree in the absence of the candidate; but in the case of Prof. C. A. Ewald of the University of BerHn the Regents have thought it wise to make an exception for several very good rea- sons. Professor Ewald was on his way to attend this celebration, and had engaged his berth on the North German-Lloyd hner ' 'Kaiser Wilhelm der Grosse," when he was unfortunately detained by a death in his immediate family. He has cabled the regretful news to me several times during the last forty-eight hours. This man is one of the most prominent scientists and scholars of Germany. He is a master clinician whose con- tributions to medicine are of enduring excellence. He comes of a family of scholars, one of the most distinguished of his relatives being Prof. J. R. Ewald, the Professor of Physiology at the Imperial University of Strassburg, whose original researches will serve as beacon lights to future investigations. Prof. Carl Anton Ewald is the author of several works on subjects relating to clinical medicine, particularly a volume on diseases of the stomach, and another on diseases of the intestines. He is the author of another highly meritorious work on diseases of the thyroid gland, myxosdema and cretinism. He is editor of the Berliner klinische Wochenschrift. On the occasion of his sixtieth birthday, in 1905, a specially enlarged festival 168 THE CENTENNIAL CELEBRATION edition of this German medical journal was filled by arti- cles of original research, contributed by his pupils the world over. His works on diseases of digestion have been translated into several languages from the German, and he is honorary member of scientific and medical associations in many countries of Europe and of the United States. The following cablegram has been received from him this afternoon : ' ^ Vivat Academia, vivant Pro- fessor es.' " Then turning to the Chairman and to the Chancellor of the University, Prof. Hemmeter continued: Mr. Chairman and your Excellency, in the name of the Regents of the University of Maryland, I have the honor to nominate Prof. Carl Anton Ewald for the degree of Doctor of Laws, honoris causa." Whereupon the Chancellor arose and in fitting words announced that the degree would be conferred by the Regents, and that in honoring such an ornament of the medical profession, the University of Maryland is honor- ing itself. Among the musical numbers was a fanfare by Hem- meter, entitled "The Gallants of Maryland." When this number had been reached the Governor of the State requested that it should be conducted by the composer. The spirit of the assembly being then at a stage of high conviviality, they made the welkin ring when the com- poser ascended to the stage and took the leader's baton. Some of the Alumni jumped on their seats and directed the music in time with the orchestra; others marched around their tables, and still others sang the melody of the music. THE TOASTS AND RESPONSES AT THE BANQUET. Upon taking his place as Toastmaster Prof. John Prentiss Poe said : We have now reached the stage where gastronomic abandon must UNIVERSITY OF MARYLAND 169 give place to gastronomic inactivity and the pleasures of the table must yield to pleasures more alluring. We were so deUghtfully and instructively entertained this morning by our honored and distinguished guests, Dr. Patton and President Hall, and have such an attractive prospect before us this evening that I feel under a pecuharly strong obUgation not to mar the harmony of what we have had nor to delay your enjoyment of what is to come by anything like a set speech. Toastmasters I have known who seemed to think that their part in the program was to take the chief share of the speaking and Uke the chorus in the ancient plays to be constantly and most promi- nently in the center of the stage. The office tonight demands from me a different line. I am not down on the card for any attempt at fun or wit or oratory myself, but, as the regulator of this part of the feast, am assigned to the simp- ler duty of presenting to you the several gentlemen who will make this banquet memorable by their responses to our toasts. And yet before beginning this pleasant duty, I must claim the privi- lege of expressing to Dr. Patton and President Hall the deep obliga- tions and hearty thanks of the Regents of our University for their invaluable contributions to this celebration of the Centennial of our foundation and to the eminent scholars from sister institutions at home and abroad for the honor of their presence and participation in the exercises of this eventful occasion. Speaking for my associates and fellow workers of the several Depart- ments of the University I may refer with pardonable pride to the record of her achievements during the hundred years that have elapsed, since with faint and feeble step, but with high hope and dauntless courage, she started out upon her honorable and blessed career of use- fulness and distinction. Measured by the mere span of years and compared with many other similar seats of learning, she is still young, but she has done a large work in the hundred years of her existence, and now with the accumu- lated wisdom of the centuries, gathering inspiration from the achieve- ments of her sister institutions everywhere and stimulated by their example, she will move on to a wider expansion, a more far-reaching and beneficent development. Side by side with our youthful giant, the Johns Hopkins Founda- tion, which in the short space of thirty years has worthily won a lofty preeminence in the great world of science, medicine, scholarship, and original research, we shall demonstrate the practical power and value 170 THE CENTENNIAL CELEBRATION of the sentiment which animates us in our work, omnia probate, honum tenete as she proves the stimulus and force of her inspiring motto, Veritas vos liberahit. We shall join with her in the proud declaration, Opera nun verba, and in our day and generation strive to maintain the honor and renown of the University of Maryland and hand these, undimmed and unimpaired, to those who shall take up our work when we are gone and carry it on to influence and power beyond our dreams of vigor and success. As the outcome of a patriotic loyalty to our American institutions and to our Chief Magistrate, as deep-seated and genuine as that which fills the hearts of the subjects of the proudest of the world's crowned heads, no festive occasion such as that which brings us here tonight is ever felt to be complete in our country unless appropriate honor is first given to the President of the United States. The office which he holds, as the chosen ruler of a Repubhc of free- men, justly ranks in our estimation with any that is occupied as an hereditary dignity by the descendant of a long line of emperors or kings, and Americans everywhere, ignoring all differences in religion and politics, never fail to respond with heartiest cordiaUty to every pubHc recognition of his exalted position. Until quite recently we have hoped that our Centennial Celebration would be graced by the President as our most honored guest and that he would favor us with one of the stirring addresses which he makes with such marvellous ease and felicity. But to our deep regret his pubUc engagements deprive us of this great gratification. We are so fortunate, however, as to have with us a distinguished Marylander, who, as a member of the president's official family and one of his most trusted friends and advisers, will speak in response to the toast in his honor and who, as far as can be done by any substitute, will make us forget completely our disappointment that the President himself is not here. The President of the United States: May he always stand as the faithful and vigilant pro- tector of the rights and Hberties of the people and as the honored and revered representative of the virtue, power and glory of the Republic. And I call on Attorney-General Bonaparte to reply. UNIVERSITY OF MARYLAND 171 Attorney-General Bonaparte said, in part : There is a closer connection than there may seem to be between the existence of a real nation and the existence of real universities within that real nation. To truly merit the name of "university" an institution of learning must stand ready to make of each youth who shall seek its halls a man with all the breadth of thought, of sympathy and of knowledge implied in a liberal education; and to do this it must itself enjoy the wider intellectual and moral horizons afforded by national as distinguished from provincial life. A real university is a big thing; not, indeed, necessarily big in its buildings or its endow- ment, the number of its students or the salaries of its professors, but big in the end and the scope of its work, big in the spirit and temper wherewith that work is done; and if this big thing be crowded into a little space, if it be cramped in its home and stunted by the narrow- ness of its outlook, its growth will be misshapen and its teaching the lurking place of sophistry and prejudice. Of that national life the President of the United States is the sign and voice; he is our first public officer because, and as proof that we are a nation; and on his behalf I welcome to the threshold of its second century this one of our American universities, with the wish and in the hope that a hundred years from today it will be as full of life and strength and helpfulness to mankind as is now the great nation over which he presides, and that during those hundred years its growth in all that makes a university living and strong and an aid to humanity may be as vast and rapid as has been the growth of America since the University of Maryland was founded. The State of Maryland: Our dear native State, upon whose escutcheon there rests no stain or taint of weakness or dishonor. The more we explore her history the more worthy she appears of our pride and affection. The Chancellor of our University, Governor Edwin Warfield, will make good her claim to her high place as one of the Original Thirteen. Governor Warfield said, in part : Mr. Toastmaster — The exercises we have participated in today mark the consummation of the policy inaugurated in 1784 by the State, when St. John's College was incorporated. 172 THE CENTENNIAL CELEBRATION The Act incorporating that College provided that it should, with the Washington College, be united into the University of Maryland, with the Governor of the State for the time being as Chancellor. You are all familiar with the reasons why this mandate of the State was never fully complied with, and the uniting of these two Colleges into one university was never perfected. The Legislature of Maryland, noting this fact, and being desirous of carrying out the educational poUcy inaugurated by Governor Paca, did, in 1812, authorize the establishment of a new University of Mary- land, in the City of Baltimore, which was to have a full equipment of four faculties, representing the Arts, Law, Medicine and Theology. This mandate of the State was never fully carried out, as but two schools, Law and Medicine, were permanently established and main- tained. Had the people of Maryland responded to the recommenda- tions and educational policy advocated by Governor Paca in 1784, there is every reason to believe that we would today have but one great university in this State — the University of Maryland. The State, however, seemed to let her interest in this great educa- tional movement lag and languish, according it but scant aid and support, with the outcome that one of her citizens who had amassed great wealth, left his fortune for the estabhshment of a great univer- sity, to be located in Baltimore and bear his name. This fortune might have been left to the University of Maryland, to establish a school or schools, had the State been more liberal in its support and pushed forward the plans for a great university. It is not yet too late for the State to concentrate its efforts and aid in making the University of Maryland one of the greatest institutions for higher education in the land. As now constituted, under its com- pact with that ancient seat of learning, St. John's College, it begins a new era of growth and prosperity and will, I am sure, receive the encouragement and aid which it so justly merits from the State. Maryland has not been as liberal as she should have been in the encouragement of higher education under her patronage. I hope and believe that she will decide upon a new policy in the future. It would be taking up your time needlessly for me to recite what St. John's College and this old. University have done to promote the fame and maintain the high standing of Maryland. Their sons, in all of the professions have taken front rank and achieved honor and dis- tinction for their Alma Mater and glory for their native State. It is pleasing to me to dwell upon the fact that St. John's College furnished the first president of the Medical Faculty of the University, UNIVERSITY OP MARYLAND 173 Dr. John Beall Davidge, and that she also furnished others who were active in the movement to estabUsh this school of Medicine, namely, Dr. Upton Scott, Dr. John Shaw, Dr. Wilham Donaldson and Dr. John Owens, all of whom were graduates of that college. And it is gratifying to me to be able to claim that during my admin- istration the union of St. John's College and the University of Mary- land was consummated, thus finally perfecting the movement inaugu- rated 123 years ago. May this union never be dissolved. In a speech I made at St. John's College in 1903 I referred to the fact that there had always been lacking, on the part of the people of Maryland, that State pride, that active and intelligent interest in the Avelfare of her colleges and universities which had brought about the upbuilding of the Northern colleges and universities and extended their influence and power, as well as influenced their material prosper- ity, and I then insisted that Maryland should no longer send her sons to other States for their final professional education. The City of Baltimore: Tried by the fierce fire of the furnace of affliction she has emerged from her desolation with a marvellous increase in beauty and power. Mayor J. Barry Mahool will tell us what, as her Chief Executive, he aspires to do for her continued advance along all the lines of the best sort of municipal improve- ment. Mayor Mahool's response : Baltimore enjoys the promise of a great future. Every day seems to adduce some new evidence to convince us of our splendid destiny. There is a marvelous awakening all along the line. Every phase of our new hfe shows some amazing improvement. A transformation has occurred which is glorifying to the city. There is a wide contrast between the Baltimore of today and the Baltimore of ten years ago. There is a difference even in the way we do business. While we have lost none of the rugged honesty which formerly distinguished us, we have caught step wdth the rush of that modern aggressiveness which is the maker of commercial success. We have changed the practice of merely praying for business to come here. We are going after it. It is our aim to make inducements so alluring to outsiders that any sensible business enterprise will find it desirable 174 THE CENTENNIAL CELEBRATION to come our way. And I want it distinctly understood that this administration intends to devise additional ways and means to multi- ply and stimulate the growth of our factories. This spirit of hustle is not confined to one circle. It is general. The reawakening of our city seems to have disclosed to Baltimoreans the almost Umitless possibilities within their reach. As a consequence instead of lying lazily still, waiting for the apple to drop into our mouths, we are cUmbing for the apple with might and main. Our people are developing into purposeful hustlers. They have learned that more can be done by one week of hustle than by ten weeks of talk. This idea is beginning to break through the conservative crust of our financial circle. The new spirit in our city has convinced the bank- ing and money-lending interests in the city that the more they help to upbuild the substantial industrial and commercial strength of Balti- more the better it will be for the prosperity of our people. A more encouraging Uberality, as a consequence, is being shown by investors towards such enterprises as will add to the volume of our industrial activities. That is wise. If our moneyed people will only more and more show their faith in our city in this practical and effective way they will double the speed of our forward progress. No city can expand unless its own capital readily and abundantly flows into its local channels of commerce and manufacturing. Without intending to speak unkindly of other communities, I do feel that we have just reason to be proud of the contrast between our own record and that of other cities in different sections of the country. It is this civic and moral honesty in our midst which is creating such a marked and useful confidence in our people. It has awakened new ideals and new demands. Baltimoreans are now satisfied with nothing less than the best that can be obtained. We have convinced ourselves that Baltimore should have the best physical conditions, that she should have the best commercial facilities, that she should have the best and cleanest municipal government, and be it said to our credit we are working determinedly to accomplish those ends. Our views since the fire have broadened out, and much of the timid conservatism which blocked our progress in the past has entirely disappeared. We find the Baltimore of today in the hands of bold and aggressive men, who are struggling to push her to the very fore- front of American cities. This is why you see so much in the local press about welcome improvements all along the line. It is useless for me to detail to you the many items of progress which UNIVERSITY OF MARYLAND 175 have distinguished our past three years. My time will not permit such a thing. Much, however, is yet to be done; and upon the con- tinued hearty cooperation of our people depends the degree of our future advance. Your municipal government is heartily in sympa- thy with any progressive movement. There is no agency in the city more ambitious to promote every interest of Baltimore, moral and material, than is the present administration. Nor will that adminis- tration be satisfied until it succeeds in imparting stronger impetus to our progress. Our Guests: With hearts deeply touched by the glowing messages of praise and good will sent to us by our fellow-workers in all quarters of the globe, we give to our guests our warmest greetings and most grateful thanks for the priceless encour- agement of your inspiring presence. Responded to by Hon. Wm. Pinkney Whyte, Dr. Francis L. Patton and Dr. Wm. S. Thayer. Professor Poe in introducing the Senior Senator of Mary- land said: "Gentlemen: The hour is late, my friends, and we must hurry on, and so far as I am personally concerned, I feel that I must put into prac- tical apphcation what Doctor Johnson is reported to have said to Bos- well, that when, in reading over his productions, he came to anything that he thought particularly fine, he should strike it out. Now, taking that advice, I shall strike out all the fine things that I was going to say, and call on my friend Governor Whyte [applause and cries of 'The Bismarck of Maryland," ''Grand old man!"] to speak to us, but before yielding the floor to him, I wish to state that as far back as the year 1874, 1 had the honor, which I claim to be a distinguished honor, of presenting him to the regents of the University of Maryland and to the then provost to receive the honorary degree of doctor of laws. I felt that as a Regent of an institution that numbered amongst its founders his illustrious grandfather, WilUam Pinkney, at whose name, even after this great lapse of years, every Maryland heart throbs with pride, I could not do otherwise than avail myself of an opportunity to tender an honor of that kind to a gentleman so distinguished and so beloved by the people of Maryland as my friend, the Honorable WiUiam Pinkney Whyte, and I now call on him. [Loud applause.] 176 THE CENTENNIAL CELEBRATION Mr. Whyte: Mr. Toastmaster, Ladies and Gentleme^i. It is an honor to be cherished in my memory, I assure you, that I have been one of those called upon by you to respond to this toast, for it cannot be other than a great honor, as there are so many distinguished men here in this assembly, representing the most noted universities and colleges of our own and other lands, and other ornaments of the pro- fessions of law and medicine, and reinforced by the large body of stu- dents who have laid the foundation for their professional education under the auspices of the University of Maryland; therefore, I bow in grateful acknowledgment to the comphment you have thus paid me. It is with unfeigned reluctance, however, that I assume such a task to speak for them, for I know there are voices at these tables less famiUar which would sound more pleasing to your ears. You will pardon me, I am sure, when I refer to my notes, for no man knows better than I do that it is the only mode I have to repress my exuberance of speech. [Applause.] It is gratifying to note the faculties of medicine, juris- prudence, pharmacy and dentistry, which are represented under the protecting arms of your admirable charter, but, as our distinguished friend Doctor Patton said, where is the faculty of theology or divinity, what has become of it? Your faculty of law is good, why not the prophets? — I mean, when I say prophets, spelled in the bibhcal style and not in the simplified style of the present money-getting genera- tion. [Laughter and applause.] In the eariier century the univer- sity started out with a faculty of pliilosophy, jurisprudence, theology and medicine; they took care of the soul first and the body afterwards. The ranking faculty of those institutions, however, was that of the- ology, and its power was felt more forcibly than any of the Uberal arts. I presume — I have no doubt you will agree with me. Doctor Patton — that owing to the religious toleration and the Christian spirit which always dominated our people, of late years the regents have left out reUgious teaching as a part of the curriculum of the university. The gathering together of the host of friends in these festivities, and the partaking of the hospitality of this university will awaken a lively sense of the great benefits which it has in common with hke institu- tions of higher education conferred upon our country. The hundred years of educational work sit Hghtly upon it, and with renewed strength which will come after these jovial scenes have ended, no prophet can tell how many anniversaries it may have to celebrate, or how many generations it may number in its alumni. UNIVERSITY OF MARYLAND 177 It has been my fortune, or I should say misfortune, to know but httle of your faculty of medicine, or, indeed, of the graduates whom you have sent forth with your diploma, for, as the Chinese custom of paying the doctor to keep you in health is not in vogue here, I have rarely had occasion to hold a consultation with any of the disciples of ^sculapius, even as to symptoms. [Applause.] Nor do I wish to utter any biting sarcasm against the dental faculty [laughter and applause], for I have always deemed it best to keep my mouth shut when they were near. [Renewed laughter.] Of the academic faculty my acquaintance has been more intimate and St. John's College has always had a tender spot in my heart of hearts, for my maternal grandfather was educated at King Wil- Ham's School, an academy estabhshed by the State for the propaga- tion of the Gospel and the education of youth, and in 1785 it was merged in St. John's College, to which college, as to the University of Maryland, I also owe a debt of gratitude for one of my degrees of Doc- tor of Laws, of which I am justly proud. [Applause.] When I come to the faculty of law, I am as much at home as at my own fireside. It is more than thirty years since, by your invitation, I addressed the graduates of the school of law and gave them some good advice, I hope. Then, I saw the size of its students' classes, and as the years have rolled by I have watched its growth until the grad- uates they have launched on the professional sea are numbered by thousands. But there is one thing of which the faculty of law has special reason to be proud, it is the high rank it has attained in Maryland for legal authorship. It might not be out of place on this occasion to read the names on this roll of honor, but to those of us who practice in the courts of our State they rise before us with increasing frequency. Among the multitude of legal volumes which deluge us from the press, not one of these books is left upon the shelves in the shadow of neglect. With this festival let the University be launched into the century to follow with all our benediction and with the hope that the fourth generation which will come after us may have as royal a celebration at its close as the one we have enjoyed at the hands of this most faith- ful body of regents of the University of Maryland. [Loud applause.] Response of Dr. Patton: Mr. Toastmaster, Ladies and Gentlemen: During the fourteen years that I had the honor of being the president of Princeton University 178 THE CENTENNIAL CELEBRATION it was my bad fortune to fall into a bad habit. I found that that habit was growing upon me and it had reached a point that was absolutely beyond my control. I tried to taper off but came to the conclusion that total abstinence, whatever it might be for other people, was the only rule, the only safe rule, for me. I am referring to the habit of after dinner speaking. In order that I might effect a com- plete and absolute cure, I resolved to retire from the presidency of the University and betake myself to the more quiet and cloistered shades of a theological seminary, but I have had several lapses and you are responsible for my disastrous fall tonight. [Laughter.] Now, I have found that in acquiring this habit of after dinner speaking there was but one rule and that was to choose a subject and speak with great boldness upon it, by reason of the fact that it was a subject that you knew absolutely nothing about. [Laughter.] Men are always more confident when they do not know what they are talking about. [Laughter.] For instance, I had the honor on one occasion to be called upon to make an address at a convention of druggists. Now, I don't know much about drugs. As a child my pharmacopoeia was hmited to castor oil and paregoric, and as father of children, it has been limited to Hyde's Syrup and the last remedies for familiar diseases of children. On the occasion to which I refer I was at my wits' end to know what to say to these druggists, but I thought I would draw a bow at a venture and so I said to them: "Gentle- men, we hear a great deal in these days — (it was in the days when mor- phine and quinine got mixed so commonly in the drug stores) — we hear a great deal in these days, gentlemen, about the mistakes of druggists, but who ever tells us about the mistakes that the doctors make and of the lives that are saved by the fact that the druggists know too well not to put up the prescriptions that the doctors give?" Why, do you believe me, gentlemen, that the leading drug journal in the country came out the next week and gave me an entire column of editorial, most complimentary in character, and said that never had a truer word fallen from man's lips than that. [Laughter.] Well, I always found a great deal of comfort in that experience. We have heard a great deal tonight about Mar}' land and about -Baltimore, and 1 have enjoyed this because 1 have so often in northern latitudes heard of the exploits of my Northern friends. They tell me that this new White Star steamer, the Adriatic, is so large that by a little effort she will almost contain all the people that came over in the Mayflower. [Laughter.] Now if you have ever attended a New England dinner, you have heard that story. You have heard that all UNIVERSITY OF MARYLAND 179 these speakers, as they approached the subject, will tell you that they are Puritans in descent, but there is not anything Puritanical about them, thank God. [Laughter] Their fathers ate baked beans in the wilderness and are dead. [Laughter.] But their sons! Why, if you will give one of them a half an hour in a safe deposit vault with a pair of scissors, he will manage to carve out the expenses of the family in about a half an hour for the next six months. [Laughter.] There is a great deal in the latitude in which you live and the longitude as well, and I am interested, as I go about the country, in noticing the different cUmatic influences that determine the various kinds of speak- ing to which I listen. I had that pleasure the last time I attended an academic meeting in this city. It was on the occasion of the Twenty-fifth Anniversary of the Johns Hopkins University. I had the honor of receiving a degree at that time, and I have been thinking that I have been amassing a large portion in these degrees. I take this as another way in which the city of Baltimore has been kind enough to give me the freedom of the city; but what I was thinking about was whether there was not some sort of arrangement of a legislative kind which would overcome the present difficulty I now feel about my degrees, because I have only a fife interest in them, and if I could have it so arranged that they would descend to my children with remainder for my grandchildren, why my family would be pretty well taken care of. [Laughter.] I read the history of the Maryland University, and I noticed that in its original intention provision was made for a school of divinity, and if I were a young man and I thought there was any chance of reviving that old element in the charter, I would urge upon the regents to reconsider and reestablish the school of divinity, because I think with my friend, Mr. Poe, and the other Prince- ton influences about here, that I might have a sort of a pull and be elected to a chair. Then I should be able to live in Baltimore, and I tell you honestly, that take it all in all, there is no city in this union that I love quite as much as I do Baltimore. [Applause.] Now, I have read the records very carefully on that, and I never knew why it was that that original intention failed, but I was told confidentially — and I do not know as I ought to repeat it, because it was given to me in strict confidence — but I was told that one of the troubles was that they thought they would start out on the plan of representing all the denominations in this faculty, and that when they got them all there, the odium theologicum got so hot that they had to give it up. [Laughter.] Now, we are Hving in a different atmosphere. We get along with 180 THE CENTENNIAL CELEBRATION our difference now by our indifference. [Laughter.] Still, I do not believe it would have been any better if you had had all the denomina- tions organized in one faculty. The only class of people in the world that I know of who could get along with these differences would be the lawyers; I don't care what differences they have, because fight- ing is their business and they never take it seriously. [Laughter.] They strive mightily to eat and drink as friends. [Laughter.] I think it is a great thing, however, that it is possible for men to meet on the broad platform of truth, regardless of these differences. It is said that there are three words that sum up human life: the church, the State and the school; and the school, the university, represents the synthesis of the intellectual forces of the world, and here we can meet regardless of all differences if there be such a thing as truth. Now, we are told that there is some doubt on that subject. Why, they used to say, if there was anything sure then science has upset most things, but we thought it had not upset the multipUcation table, but now I read that the axioms themselves are not axioms, they are only hypotheses. You say, for example, that parallel lines never meet and the whole is greater than its part, and if equals be added to equals, the result is equal. But Mr. Naylor, in his essay on that subject, says no; that only means let us try it and see how it will work; it is a mere working hypothesis which would indicate that there is some basis at least for a reasonable doubt. But I will not, at this late hour, gentlemen, enter upon a minute discussion of this philosophy, and I know you will excuse me, but I want to say to you that I am carrying away with me tonight very delightful memories of this occa- sion. I thank the regents with all my heart for the great honor they have done me in conferring upon me the highest token of their confi- dence and the greatest honor in their gift, and I shall always cherish the memory of this day as one of the bright and red letter days of my experience. [Applause.] lam glad to meet men, who whatever their callings in life may be, and whatever be the distinction which they have earned by their contributions to the sum total of human knowledge, are agreed in this, that we are all engaged in the one good work of doing our best, to stand between the generation that is past and the one that is coming upon the stage, and to hand on, as far as we are able to do so, the undimmed torch of learning to those who follow, and to feel that strongly as we are impressed with the intellectual opportunities and the intellectual duties that devolve upon us, there is something brighter, fairer and more worthy of con- sideration in the world of beauty, the world of art, and the world of UNIVERSITY OF MARYLAND 181 truth, the world of high moral values, and that the cosmic process, whatever it has done for us, has at least brought us into relations with these high ideals of moral worth and unity and these high hopes of blessed immortahty. These are the things after all that make Hfe worth living, and these are the ideals that give universities their proud place and their conspicuous worth in the institutional Hfe of the republic. [Loud applause.] Dr. Wm. S. Thayer's response: Mr. President and Gentlemen: When your Toastmaster yesterday afternoon performed the remarkable feat of selecting from the golden hay stack of distinguished guests, this needle of a baser metal to respond to your toast, the needle had thought himself safely hidden. He begs leave only to express the hope that now you have him you may not find yourself, Mr. Chairman, in the position of the country- man from the Eastern Shore. This citizen who was particularly given to the habit of swapping horses, happened while driving along one day to meet a stranger, with whom he immediately arranged an exchange of horses, without condition or comment. As they started to drive away, the stranger, overcome by his curiosity, asked our friend why he was so anxious to get rid of his horse — whether per- chance he had faults, "Well," replied the adventurous rustic, "since you ask me the direct question, I must say that he has two faults, and I reckon they're right bad ones. In the first place when he gits loose he's damn hard to catch, and secondly, when you do catch him he ain't worth a damn." [Laughter.] But Mr. President, the honoris one which could only bring a feeling of warm pleasure — to be asked to respond for his old college before this splendid gathering — to bring the greetings of Massachusetts to Maryland — of his mother state to the state of his adoption. The greetings of Harvard University I present with all my heart. You have remembered Harvard well today in honoring two of your own sons, now most valued members of her faculty. I bring these greet- ings with more pleasure because I know so well those to whom I bring them. There are many differences between the history of Harvard and of the University of Maryland. The first branches of your institution were those which had to do with the teaching of practical sciences. My old college had existed well nigh one hundred and fifty years Lefore the origin of the Medical Department — nearly a hundred and 182 THE CENTENNIAL CELEBRATION eighty before the formation of a law school, and during all these years Harvard was inculcating the liberal arts and the foundations of the- ology into hundreds of young gentlemen with old testament names, with a tendency to enter the clergy, and a capacity for procreation which insured the province against race suicide and would have satis- fied President Hall and even President Roosevelt. It is of a line of these country clergymen that I have my ounce of heredity which was referred to this morning. Another thing which Harvard was doing in those days I have just discovered. It is customary to regard the use of the "Big Stick'" as a modern innovation. Do not deceive yourselves, gentlemen, the use of the "Big Stick" was introduced by one of the first officers who presided over Harvard College. The first collection of scholars to "lodge" as the Rev. Cotton Mather has it, "in the nests at Cambridge" in 1637, was under the guidance of one Nathaniel Eaton, who appears to have been an interesting person, having been for his "inhumane severities" removed from his trust. "Among many other instances of his cruelty he gave one in causing two men to hold a young gentleman while he so unmercifully beat him with a cudgel that upon complaint of it unto the court in September, 1639, he was fined a hundred marks, besides a convenient sum to be paid unto the young gentleman that had suffered by his un mercifulness. But during this period what were you doing in Maryland and Vir- ginia? If I consult the annals of niy family I am obUged to believe that you were corrupting the product of New England. One of my ancestors came to this part of the world in 1804 on his graduation from college to act as a tutor in the family of a country gentleman. Son and grandson of a New England clergyman, brought up, as Harvard College brought up boys in those days, with the one idea of entering the ministry, he came to the shores of the Chespeake Bay. And what was the result? He begins by commenting on the "almost tota absence of religion in this part of the country." Then, within six months after his arrival, he writes, " I have discovered that I possess an exceedingly great desire for fame in public life;" and shortly after this he enters upon a somewhat specious defense of the horse racing of his patron — Facile descensus! He returned, however, eventually, and did enter the ministry, but he returned with a love and an admira- tion for the people of this part of the country — for the men who were soon to form the University of Virginia and the University of Mary- land — the same affection for the teachers and graduates of these insti- tutions which, since that time, inevitably arises in the heart of him who lives for any time in this community. [Applause .] 183 UNIVERSITY OF MARYLAND Sixteen years ago, Mr. President, too came -"**■"";«;'; vard University to take up my residence m your midst Tliere was of course, much that I missed. In some ways I was homes ck, but I shall n^ver forget the warmth and cordiahty of my reception. I ai^ r n^nded of It again by the greetings which you are offenng to "uests today. Still my plans and ideals were always to return to New England, to take up my work in the land of my birth. Af er ntae Tr ten years a tempting opportunity came-an opportunity Tse to that which I might myself have planned; but to my surprise I found myself strangely divided. I was reminded of the experience of he ouTofessor of Mtin who had lived all his hfe in the town of his Wrfh a teacher in a provincial college. One day to his amazement, Tfld h t he had been selected a professor at the College de France. Aftei his first surprise he put on his hat and started out tor a walk^ At the first comer he noticed an interesting doorway, and stopped to font mp 1 the carving. A few steps farther on he was struck by he beauty of an old gateway, and again, as he passed the '.f h'dral he was lost in admiration of some wonderful old figures which he had never happened to observe before, and then it suddenly came over the old ml^^i that he loved the town of his birth-the town in which he had passed the better part of his life-the town which had been associated wth his main ideals and aspiration. Andso, Mr. President a er but a few years of residence among you, I suddenly discovered thtt Iloved the warmth and cordiality and simphcity and generosity ofthe people of Maryland, and that I found it very difficult to resign mysef' leaving those people whose ideals and aspirations, yes "might almost say, traditions, have become a part o myself And when the other day in New Orleans, on addressing a large gathering Tf LOU ana physicians, the orchestra greeted me with the strains o "Maryland, my Maryland," my heart leaped in my breast and the tears came into my eyes. [Applause.] The University of Maryland: Reviewing with pride her record of great difficulties overcome, and inspiring success accomphshed, she looks forward with serene confidence to a steadily expanding horizon of distinguished achievement. " Toil on-toU on-there's no such word as tail- Heaven sends the wind if we but set the sail. 184 THE CENTENNIAL CELEBRATION In announcing this toast, Professor Poe said : It was intended that the response to this toast should be made by our Provost, Mr. Bernard Carter. His position as the head of the University apart from his acknowl- edged leadership of our Bar pointed him out as the obvious selection for this pleasing duty. More appropriately from him than from any other man could come the glowing recital of the successful struggles of his predecessors and their associates in the face of straitened means, depressing disaster and hostile legislation to place the University upon a solid and endur- ing foundation of self-sustaining independence. But to his keen disappointment as well as to our serious loss, he is unable to be with us. He sends us from his sick-bed his warmest felicitations that this auspicious opening of the second century of our existence finds us with our academic and professional departments well equipped for the highest grade of University work and with bright prospects full of inspiring encouragements. We send back to him our affectionate sympathy in the illness that keeps him from personal participation in these exercises in which he was to have been the central figure, and our earnest prayers that a brief season of perfect rest will restore him to his accustomed place of distinguished activity at the head of his profession. Casting our eyes around for some one to speak in his stead we find a gentleman who as an alumnus of St. John's and of our School of Law most worthily represents two of our Departments and who at the same time holds the high rank of president of the Board of Trustees of the Johns Hopkins Hospital and Chief Judge of the Supreme Bench of Baltimore City. I present to you Hon. Henry D. Harlan who will respond to this toast. Chief Judge Harlan's response : Mr. Toastmaster and Gentlemen: I should be wanting in sensibility did I not express my grateful appreciation of the too kind manner in which my good friend, the distinguished Dean of the Law School, has coupled my name with this toast. It really increases the embarrassment I feel at being called on to answer for this old University, the one hundredth anniversary of the origin of which we are engaged in celebrating. UNIVERSITY OF MARYLAND 185 We all know that this origin is found in the chartering in 1807 of the Medical College of Maryland, which is the " mother of us all/' and is now the Faculty of Physic or the Medical Department; and it does seem to me that it would have been more fitting in the absence of the Provost, which we all deplore, to have assigned this toast to .«;ome member of that Faculty, of which there are so many illustrious profes- sors represented at this feast. I will say, however, that while I sin- cerely regret that you are to be deprived of the pleasure of hearing from one of them instead of myself, I yield to none of them in my love and loyalty for the institution of which I am, as has been stated, an alumnus, and with which, for twenty-four years, I have been connected as an instructor, being, next to the Dean, the oldest mem- ber of the Law Faculty in point of service; and if any poor words or act of mine can help her at any time, they shall not be wanting. My toast requires a backward and a forward look. I shall not rehearse the long and interesting history of this University, nor recall the vicissitudes it has undergone, nor shall I strive to awaken mem- ories of the many distinguished men connected with its past — such Provosts as Alexander, Kennedy and Wallis; such physicians and surgeons as Davidge, Potter, Baker, Dunglison, Smith, Chew, Milten- berger, McSherry, Johnston and Donaldson; such lawyers as Pinkney, Taney, Harper, Meredith, Evans, Mayer, Dobbin, Latrobe, Brown and Marshall; such pharmacists as Andrews, Dohme, Emich, Moore, Phillip and Sharp. The moments are too precious. But I do wish to remind you of two facts in connection with the origin of this Univer- sity, which have exercised a marked influence on all of its subsequent career. The one is the broad and liberal spirit on which it was organized, on, what may be called, the spiritual or educational side. The other is the narrow and contracted view on which it was organized, on what may be called the material or economic side. The charter declares: "Whereas, Public Institutions for the promotion of scientific and literary knowledge under salutary regulations cannot fail to pro- duce the most beneficial results to the State at large by instilling into the minds and hearts of the citizens the principles of science and good morals, and whereas it appears to the General Assembly of Maryland that this desirable end would be much advanced by the establishment of an University in the City and Precincts of Baltimore. Therefore be it enacted that the College of Medicine of Maryland be and the same is hereby authorized to constitute, appoint and annex to itself three other colleges or faculties, viz: the Faculty of Divinity, 186 THE CENTENNIAL CELEBRATION the Faculty of Law, and the Faculty of Arts and Sciences, and the four faculties thus united shall be and they are hereby constituted an University by the name and under the title of the University of Mary- land. And he it enacted that the said University shall be founded and maintained forever upon the most liberal plan for the benefit of students of every country and every religious denomination who shall be freely admitted to equal privileges and advantages of education and to all the honors of the University according to their merit, with- out requiring or enforcing any religious or civil test * * * nor shall any preference be given in the choice of a Provost, Professor or Lec- turer or other Officer of said University, on account of his particular religious professions, but regard shall be solely had to his moral char- acter and other necessary qualifications to fill the place to which he shall be chosen." That is fine ! But as if fearing that an institution founded on such lines would absorb the wealth of the State, and be so liberally endowed by future philanthropists that it would become dangerously rich, it was also provided that the annual value of all property, real and per- sonal, of said University, exclusive of lot and buildings, shall not exceed one hundred thousand dollars. These two things, the liber- ality of plan, the lack of material resources, have constituted the strength and the weakness of this University. In the early days, it was not the latter but the former which was a source of frailty. The plan was so liberal that it was manifest one of its departments could not be successfully organized at all. Until Christian unity is an accompHshed fact, a School of Divinity organized on undenominational lines is impracticable. The first School of Law died not from lack of endowment, but from the length and com- prehensiveness of its course of study. The first professor of law, David Hoffman, was a man of the greatest learning. He was pro- foundly imbued with the spirit in which the University was conceived. He took ten years to prepare his lectures, and the course of legal study which he outlined and afterwards published, would have taken a period of seven years for a close student to complete. It was not singular that this department languished for want of students in the days when examinations for the bar were like that given, as tradition has it, to Thaddeus Stevens in Harford County. " Mr. Stevens, what would you first ask a chent on being consulted?" "I think, sir, I should ask for a fee." "Quite right, Mr. Stevens;" who was forth- with recommended and admitted. UNIVERSITY OF MARYLAND 187 The early School of Arts and Sciences failed partly from lack of students and partly from lack of support, and for some years the School of Medicine, without any adequate endowment, sustained the life and maintained the honor of the University. This it has at all times done, nobly, faithfully and successfully. Its Faculty has always embraced the most eminent practitioners of this city, and its diploma has always been a passport to public confidence and professional standing. But the university life was not dead; it was only sleeping. It was again to awaken. In 1869 the Law Faculty was reorganized. Lec- tures were begun in 1870 on a more practical plan than formerly, and have since been maintained. Today the Law School has more than fourteen hundred graduates; ten of the thirty-two Judges of the State are its alumni, and others of its graduates are not only among the leaders of the bar in every County of this State and in Baltimore City, but in other States. (Applause.) In 1882 the Dental Department was organized under one of the most eminent dental surgeons of his time, with a full Faculty. In 1904 the Maryland College of Pharmacy, with a past career of use- fulness extending over more than sixty years, became the Department of Pharmacy ; and in the present year, that venerable college, my own honored alma mater, St. John's, has become by afiiUation the Depart- ment of Arts and Sciences of the University of Maryland; and the latter thus connects itself with the story of education in Maryland which goes back for more than two hundred years to King William's School, the first free school founded in this province, and named in honor of his majesty, William III of England. And so the University again, completely organized in five depart- ments, begins its second century still hampered by the lack of endow- ment, but rich in her record of noble achievement, strong in her resolve to maintain her honorable position, and to raise the standard of instruction higher and higher, and to fulfill the high mission for which she was founded as an educational institution, cheered by the greetings of her distinguished sisters with whom she is engaged in generous rivalry, hoping and confidently believing that the financial support and the State aid which she deserves cannot much longer be with- held, and that she will go forward to a still more glorious future. Gentlemen, at this late hour I shall not detain you, but I ask you to rise and join me in a pledge of loyalty to and of best wishes for the success and the prosperity of the University of Maryland, in all of its departments. 188 THE CENTENNIAL CELEBRATION Our Alumni: Visible proofs of the character of her work, the Univer- sity proudly relies on them to make good her claims to continued confidence and generous support. At least six thousand of these Alumni are still alive, scattered far and wide, at home and abroad, eloquent missionaries of her well-earned fame. As their mouth-piece tonight, I present to you Hon. Wilham Cabell Bruce, City Solicitor of Baltimore. Mr. Bruce's response: Mr. Toastmaster and Gentlemen: I graduated from the Depart- ment of Law of the University of Maryland in such a sad state of dis- repute that I am bound to confess that I was somewhat surprised when I was invited by the honored dean of its faculty to respond to the toast which has been assigned to me on this occasion, that is to say, "Our Alumni: Visible proofs of the character of her work, the University proudly reUes on them to make good her claims to con- tinued confidence and generous support." Indeed, if I really deserved the impression which I created upon the mind of one observer at that time, most of my fellow graduates, if they are no better than I was beheved by this observer to be, so far from being prompt to offer themselves as visible proofs of the character of the work of the Univer- sity might well have their minds set upon some such garment as that mentioned in the familar nursery story which conferred upon its owner the privilege of invisibility. I graduated from the Department of Law in the year 1882, a year which marks a long lapse of time in the hfe of an individual who was living then and is hving today but only a comparatively brief period in the existence of an institu- tion which is now looking proudly forward to another century of fruit- ful achievement. That year, my friend William L. Marbury, now a distinguished member of the Baltimore Bar, was invited by our class to dehver one of the two addresses at the approaching Commencement, and I was invited by the faculty to dehver the other. He selected as his theme the Spoils System of Politics, and made it the subject of a discourse so pungent and merciless that he has never since been able to improve upon what he then said, though the inchnation, as we all know, has not been wanting. As my theme, I selected divorce, and being then at the stage of human existence which is more sail UNIVERSITY OF MARYLAND 189 than anchor, I was disposed to approach my theme from a rather liberal point of view. Even so great and good a man as John Milton had many generations before made a vigorous attack upon the justice and policy of indissoluble wedlock, and I felt that even I might per- haps follow safely in the pathway created by the powerful sweep of one of his majestic onsets. The unhappy result was afterwards com- municated to me by Major Venable. He said that he was leaving the scene of the Commencement in a street car in which two elderly ladies who had heard the address were also seated. "Did you ever hear such an address?" one of them said to the other. " But I am not sur- prised," she added, "I am not at all surprised, for a more dissipated looking young man I never saw in my life." Since that day many chequered days have come and gone, bring- ing with them to me a deeper sense of the speculative errors which belong to youth and inexperience, and of those permanent human ties which constitute the true safety of the State, and connect us more closely than anything else, kindled into hfe by the breath of the Almighty with the Almighty himself. A good wife, several refrac- tory, but on the whole obedient and affectionate, children, and a little attention to Gen. Lee's famous saying that duty is the subhmest word in the EngUsh language, have apphed a salutary corrective to many a shallow heresy touching the most important and sacred of human relations. But I can earnestly declare that so far as my sense of obhgation to the University of Maryland, and so far as the pleasure and profit that I derived from my connection with it as a law student is concerned, the flow of time has had no effect except that of impressing it more and more deeply on my mind. One feature of its instruction has always been to me a feature of unique significance and value. It has been finely said that true his- tory is philosophy teaching by example . This was the kind of instruc- tion that my class was so fortunate as to receive at the hands of Col. Charles Marshall, Mr. Bernard Carter, Mr. John P. Poe, and Major R. M. Venable, who made up the law faculty of the University of Mary- land, when I was a law student and which many a class since my time has been so fortunate as to receive at the hands of the same, or other like lecturers. They were not mere professors, high as the character of a mere professor is, though they were all thoroughly educated men, who had obtained by wide and varied reading a more or less profound insight into the philosophy and science of law. The thing that dis- tinguished them from any other professors at whose feet I have ever sat, was the fact that they pursued and pursued with the most con- 190 THE CENTENNIAL CELEBRATION spicuous measure of success as a calling what they taught as a branch of human learning. Day after day they came to the lecture room directly from their office tasks, or the struggles of the trial table, to expound and illustrate didactically what they were constantly apply- ing in practice, and their lectures upon abstract legal principles were therefore informed to such a vivifying extent by the incidents and lessons of their own professional experience as to render these lec- tures, as I have intimated, no mean types of philosophy teaching by example. There was little danger of such men as they wasting time upon the purely antiquarian or black-letter aspects of the law, or not discriminating wisely between what the young practitioner might just as well have and what he could not afford to dispense with at all. They knew from personal experience, the best of all teachers, exactly what his real wants were, and how best to supply them, and it is with a grateful heart that I for one testify that they spared no effort to supply them. Since the first beginnings of written or printed knowledge the men who write books and the men who turn ideas in books to practical purposes have been engaged in mutual reproach, the former condemning the latter as shallow pretenders, and the latter condemning the former as blundering pedants. How happy, there- fore, must appear a system of instruction which weds learning and practice, and confers upon its corps of teachers the strength which springs from the union of scientific precision and thoroughness with actual experience. Of the four eminent lawyers, whom I have mentioned as constituting the faculty of law, when I was at the University, there are still three living, and of their individual characteristics as lecturers it would hardly become me to speak, though I know no task that would be more agreeable to one who could perform it without presumption than that of analyzing their varied powers and accomplishments. I will only say that Major Venable had the same humorous way of looking at things then that he has now. I recollect that on one occasion, despairing of obtaining any intelligent answer from one of my classmates with respect to the circumstances under which the writ of habeas corpus can be suspended, he eyed his pupil quizzically for a moment, and then inquired, '' How is it suspended anyhow? Is it suspended by a hook?" Of the fourth of my preceptors. Col. Marshall, who is now dead, it may not be amiss for me to speak more fully. As an advocate as we all know in addition to his other remarkable endowments, he had an imagination which not infrequently found expression in truly vivid speech, and a wit which glistened at times hke a jewel. But those IQl UNIVERSITY OF MARYLAND gifts were kept in a state of stem repression when l^e l««t««d- ^'^ fectures were characterized by an intellectual seventy wh ch le t no com for any display except snch as belongs to extreme Inc.drty of thought and statement. In the faculty of clear, te-'^^-P^^f ^m would have been hard to find his superior in any ecture loom His propositions left his lips in such condensed pointed fornas tha^we found no difficulty in transcribing them in our note-books almost word for word as he went along. Especially strong was he m dea ling with the nicer and more elusive distinctions which belong to the law of contract, such were the extreme subtlety and acuteness of his mental operations. If ever there was a lawyer who could divide a hair between the north-east and north-west side, and then go on indefinitely with the process of subdivision, with the strictest reference the points of the compass, it was he. A reply illustrative of the caustL'side of his wit was told me by the late John M.Hood^shortly before the latter's death, and as it was new to me I ^f//*;* ^^S^^'' may have been long familiar to you. "Why," asked Mr. Hood, refe - ing to one of our citizens who was especially obnoxious to the Colonel "is Mr -called 'General'?" "Because," answered the Colonel, he is nothing in particular." Like a good many other generals m our midst this general, whilst doubtlessly everas ready as the best of us To defend himself or his country, had acquired his mihtary appe«.t.on without any considerable effusion of his own or anybody else s blood. Nor can I abandon the vein of reminiscence which I have opened up this evening without referring to the individual who was the Provost o' he University when I was there. I mean the late Severn Teackle Wallls, a name that will never cease to be cherished by this co™™-' ^ so long as manly grace and dignity, stainless honor, inviolate fldehty to lofty ideals, shining accomplishments, and talents equal to any tasks short of the highest requirements of creative genius are re- ^ec ed and admired by the children of men. Most of us are famih^r wTh him as a learned counsellor and a brilliant advocate, a public man who did more to rescue popular government from corruption and selfishness than any one person who ever lived in our midst, a wri er of rare power and charm, and an orator worthy of any -f^^^^ oratory has ever exerted a masterful ascendancy over the human mind. How distinguished were his achievements in these directions more than one memorial in this city abundantly attests^ Walk into thePeabody Library and the first object *at meets the eye is h^ bust. Stroll down Washington Place, and there tas ^t^te tdb us that this community passed by many a man who held higher official 192 THE CENTENNIAL CELEBRATION stations than he did, and were crowned with a much larger measure of temporary success than he was, to confer that noble proof of its love and reverence upon the man who gave it a new sense of human dignity and worth, and of all that was best in its own social and poli- tical traditions. Walk into our imposing Court House, and there in its vestibule we find the bronze image of Fame striving to reach his honored head with her full wreath and only faihng to reach it because his life fell upon times that were not worthy of him. Reach him whether she does or not, there is not one of us who knew him and came under the spell of his character and intellect who does not know that if he had held some high diplomatic station, or had been a member of the United States Senate, or a Cabinet officer he would have been one of the truly famous men of American history. Contrasted with him we might say of many a pubhc man who left behind him a reputation far transcending his in extent and duration, "So With the Dove of Paphos might the crow, Vie feathers white." Not so well known, however, are the services rendered to the Depart- ment of Law by Mr. Wallis, as Provost, between the years 1870 and 1894. It is sufficient to say that to the duties of that position he brought the same zeal and intellectual superiority which won such exalted distinction for him in his other fields of usefulness. Some of us will never forget how he appeared year after year at the annual Commencement of the Law School sometimes even when ph^-sical weakness hung heavily upon him., and in his own inimitable way addressed to the graduating class of the year those words of admoni- tion and encouragement which sank so deeply into its mind. It is not the ludicrous language of local exaggeration, but the simple truth to say that one of these addresses which has been embraced in his collected works is worthy to be included in any anthology of rhetorical masterpieces that has ever been compiled. One of the things that fitted him so eminently for the office of Provost was his quick sympathy with youth and all its enthusiasms and generous aspirations. It was my good fortune to be invited by him when I graduated to one of the dinner parties which he usually gave to some of the members of the graduating class after each commencement. Such a captivating strain of wit and humor and sparkling observa- tion as he poured that night into our delighted ears, I shall never for- get so long as the tree climbs up to the light and some men are more UNIVERSITY OF MARYLAND 193 than others. The t ening passed away and morning came and we would have Ungered until dawn if he had not with an easy courtesy, which could even pull out a watch on a loitering guest without offend- ing him, called our attention to the fact that it was 4 a.m. But it is time for me to be done. I cannot close, however, without making just a bare reference at any rate to one circumstance which it seems to me imparts a pecuUarly fortunate character to the rela- tions of the Alumni of the Law Department of the University at least. Most of them after graduating, instead of being widely dispersed, as is the case with the Alumni of many Universities, have settled dowii for their hfe tasks in the City of Baltimore or the State of Maryland. Consequently they do not lose sight of each other as the graduates of so many other institutions do, after leaving their common Alma Mater. One of my classmates, Mr. William L. Marbury, of whom I have already spoken, was for some time the United States District Attor- ney for this State. Another, Mr. John C. Rose, is filling that office now for the second time. Two members of the class that preceded ours. Judges Harlan and Niles, are at present Judges of the Supreme Bench of Baltimore City, Judge Harlan being its Chief Judge. Another member of the same class, Mr. James P. Gorter, many of us trust, will soon be associated as a colleague with them. And so I might point out many other members of these two classes who are living right here in our midst, meeting each other from day to day, and keep- ing perpetually green the friendly feelings which trace their origin back to companionship at the Law School. Felicitous indeed are conditions so eminently favorable to the continuance of personal rela- tions, formed in the early summer of life, when the pulse is so strong and the eye is so bright and the blood circulates so warmly and gener- ously through our veins. And now it remains for me to make but one more allusion to the toast, to which I have been responding, and which tells us that the University proudly relies upon her Alumni to make good her claim to continued pubhc confidence and generous support. Let each one of us leave here this night with the fixed determination, so far as in him lies, to justify this expectation upon the part of the common nursing mother of us all, by contributing personally as far as he can to her endowment, by soliciting the pecuniary patronage of others, by making known to the world her aims, achievements and merits, and above all by exempUfying in his own career and conduct the high stand- ards of professional attainment and honorable deportment which she laid down for his inspiration and guidance, when he was a student within her ancient precincts. [Loud Applause.] 194 THE CENTENNIAL CELEBRATION Our Centennial: May our next Centennial find the University rich in soHd endowments, and richer still in the priceless treasures of high scientific attainments, scholarship and of the admiration, affection and pride of hosts of devoted friends. Professor John C. Hemmeter's response: We have it on very good authority, that of Mr. Lowell, that an address may be begun most conveniently in one of three ways; first, to make a quotation; secondly, to narrate an anecdote, and thirdly, to express a sentiment. To begin with the last method I desire to say that, if there is one of the great professions and sciences for which all ages have woven the wreath of merit, it is the Science of Medicine. A quotation from Homer expresses this in the following words: "A wise physician skilled our wounds to heal Is more than armies to the public weal." And Cicero said: "There is no endeavor in which men become so god-like, as when they give health to other men." In the Proclamation of Charles IX of France, 24th of August, 1572, he said that all the Protestants of France should be put to death on St. Bartholomew's Day. He made one single exception, that of Ambroise Pare, the father of French surgery and the inventor of the Hgature. The battlefields of the American Revolution were blessed by the presence of Doctors Mercer, Warren and Rush; and when the French army was entirely demorahzed by the fear of plague, Larrey, the Surgeon-General, inoculated himself with the plague to show that there was no contagion. The army's courage rose and they went on to victory. What a glorious record of the history of our science since the days when the ancient Hippocrates, the Father of Medicine, cured the great Pericles with hellebore and flax seed poultices; since the days of Aristotle and Galen; down to far later centuries when Vesalius gave an accurate description of the structures of the human body, and Haller announced the Theory of Irritability and threw Hght on so many problems of life; and when Harvey announced the circulation of the blood, and Aselli described the uses of the lymph UNIVERSITY OF MARYLAND 195 vessels, and Jenner balked the most deadly disease that ever scourged Europe, and Sydenham developed the recuperative and physical forces of the organism, and the discovery of cinchona bark stopped the shivering aches of the world. What a blessing and a joy it is=to live in the present age, the age in which Virchow has lived, the inimitable master of pathology and anthropology, who demonstrated the action of the cells of the body during disease; when Pasteur gave to the world his brilliant discovery on the laws that control the growth of bacteria and other microscopic organisms; when Koch discovered the tubercle bacillus, and Lofflerthe bacillus of diphtheria, and both later supplied the cure for these diseases, and Wm. T. G. Morton, discovered anaesthesia by ether in 1846, and James Y. Simpson made the same discovery by chloroform in 1847, in Edin- burgh. Verily, we may beUeve that on that final judgment day when the acts of each one that has lived shall be weighed in the balance the Hves of Jenner, of Harvey, of Pasteur, of Simpson, and of Major James Carroll, who discovered the transmission of yellow fever by the bite of the stegomyia, will tower in colossal grandeur over the lives of conquerors Uke Alexander the Great, Caesar or Napoleon. But I am deviating too far from the title assigned to me. You may be led to suspect that the enthusiasm and inspiration derived from the achievements of our science lead to infatuation which exercises a kind of tyranny in medicine, and that personal preferences are raised to the dignity of a creed. I was to speak to you concerning "Our Centennial" and the prospects which we hope for in the next hundred years ; and right here I wish to emphasize that the first duty of those at present in control of the affairs of the University is to formulate plans for the estabUshment of a board of trustees, to whom the entire administration of the University is to be entrusted. This independ- ent administrative board will by Hfting the administrative work of the University from the shoulders of the teachers bring about a more effective didactic discipline. A further object to be striven for in the teaching of the University, is to combine the technical teaching of any branch of science with the effort to teach character simulta- neously. Universities are destined to train the men of our country, the men who are intended to become leaders of thought, and leaders of industry. But mere knowledge of things will not save the state and cannot serve this purpose. There is great danger to this glorious na- tion from the exceptional and heterogeneous mixture of races in its population. How can we make a homogeneous nation of this varied mass? By education and by training of character. The most enven- 196 THE CENTENNIAL CELEBRATION omed anarchists and the most dangerous enemies of government, and of property, and of hfe, are often highly educated men. The real work of the University, and of all schools, is to be judged in its last analy- sis, not by what has been taught the pupils, but by what this teach- ing has made of them. To have merely created a scholar is not enough. What character has the University builded among its pupils? That is the test. There is some good reason for beheving that the present system of administration, the method of government now followed out at the University of Maryland is not of the kind that has met with the approval of the foremost educators and Academic administrators of this country or of Europe. In my opinion an administration by a board of trustees entirely independent of the teaching faculties would greatly elevate the standard of our University as a center of intellectual and moral influence. I fear that our present method of university government may not enhance our claims to be ranked with the institutions of learning that have a right to demand the aid of the great endowments to advance education in our country, such as the Rockefeller Educational Board and the Carnegie foundation — ^nor am I at all sure that our worn-out and superannuated teachers shall under the present system of man- agement of our University be entitled to the professional and teach- er's pensions, made possible by the Carnegie foundation. All these possibilities should set the Regents seriously to thinking on the most effective and prompt ways and means to remodel our Academic ad- ministration, in order to enable our University to lay claim to the ben- efits to be derived from these magnificent philanthropic endowments. A heavy responsibility rests upon the Regents in this respect . Are they willing to bear the reproaches and odium of the future teachers and students of the University? Namely, that they failed to pave the way to success by shutting their eyes to the necessities of academic reform and thereby making it difficult for the University of Maryland to share in the blessings of these and other endowments and imped- ing the progress to a higher plane of academic efficiency. The old traits under which God created this commonwealth were a profound respect for authority with an unappeasable craving for free individual initiative, the Anglo-Saxon reverence for law with the American capacity for leadership in finding and seizing the opportunity. May the future course of our University be guided by men who uphold and guard these principles, by men of broad ex- perience, keen and conservative judgment and a warm sane heart, that always wishes and works for the best. UNIVERSITY OF MARYLAND 197 Woman: Creation 's best and noblest work. The edition being extensive, let no man be without his copy. Why, man, she is mine own, And I as rich in having such a jewel As twenty seas, if all their sand were pearl, The water nectar and the rocks pure gold. I call on Mr. Folger McKinsey, " The Bentztown Bard,'' to reply. He will tell us something of that "Infinite Variety'' which we are assured age cannot wither nor custom stale. Mr. McKinsey's poem: The captains of the battles, with her faith around them furled, Are the masters of the ages, are the conquerors of the world! The toilers in the cities and the tillers of the field Wear their name upon their banners, as the warrior on his shield; The morning breathes a fragrance, and the night is filled with dream That she came to Eden garden in her native bloom supreme ! We name her name of mother and we name her name of wife — Her sweetness is a service in whatever path of life ! The magic and the marvel of creation made her last That out of all the grandeur all the glory, that had past, The Gardener might gather for enf ragrance of the gloom This blossom of perfection with the rosy lips of bloom ! He made her with the spirit of the mother, that her grace Might found the mighty legions of the teeming human race, That little arms could fold her and upon her tender breast The weary childheart slumber in the dream of childhood rest; That men could rise in splendor for the glory of her name On the fields of roaring thunder and the ramparts of the flame ! He made her wife and sweetheart, that the manhood of the time The heights of happy purpose and the hills of hope might climb; That men should brave the dangers of old battles fought again. That hearts should beat responsive to the hearts of noblemen; That love should be exalted and life bend to meet the blows In battles of love's beauty for the winning of the rose! 198 THE CENTENNIAL CELEBRATION He made her out of patience and the all-unselfish heart — A sacrificial spirit standing from the world apart! He made her of devotion and the all-uplifting trust That urges men to effort when the wheels of action rust! He made her as a scorning of the mean and low and vile — Then filled her heart with sunshine and her April lips with smile ! He made her of endurance and the quiet wish to be A vine of helpful clinging round the towering forest tree; He made her fair as Helen, wise as Portia, sweet as Ruth — A vestal of the morning at the stainless shrine of truth! As sad as fair Ophelia, and beyond all grace of these, As faithful as the faithfulness of lovely Heloise ! To her the bugles echo on the summits of the morn. And hearts repeat the echo with love's lips upon the horn, The sabres flash in conflict and the lances ring in charge When down the lists of honor ride the knights of spear and targe ! To her the feet of toilers through the lanes of evening roam — To her the hearts are singing as they swing the gates of home ! Then, lift a glass to woman, to the sweethearts and the wives, The mother on whose bosom sleeps the bloom of little lives! The toilers in the cities and the tillers of the fleld Wear her name upon their banners, as the warrior on his shield; The captains of the battles, with her faith around them furled. Are the masters of the ages, are the conquerors of the world! It was in the early morning hours when the great host adjourned from the banquet table, for they had another day of important events before them. The time-honored St. John's College was to be the hostess on the next day. So they adjourned feeling that, We live in deeds, not years; in thoughts, not breaths; In feelings, not figures on a dial; We should count time by heart throbs. He most lives who thinks most, feels the noblest, acts the best. And long after they had left the table one could hear the tones of familiar college songs, Should Auld Acquaint- ance be Forgot, and Songs of Auld Lang Syne — No ! that day and that evening will never be forgotten. The remem- brance of its glorious and inspiring events will linger in the hearts of the Alumni and friends of the University of Maryland as one of their pleasantest recollections as long as hearts will last. ST. JOHN'S DAY. THE PILGRIMAGE TO ANNAPOLIS. Nor deem the irrevocable Past As wholly wasted, wholly vain, If, rising on its wrecks, at last To something nobler we attain. Longfellow. Had the weather been as pleasant as it was on the first and second day of the Centennial Celebration "St. John's Day'' would have been as popular an event as the day of the opening and the day of the great Academic Ceremo- nies at the Lyric. Unfortunately "Jupiter Pluvius" was not favorably disposed; but although it rained at 12 m. the Steamer "Latrobe" was crowded with Alumni when it left Light Street Wharf at 12 m. and the special train which left Camden Station at 1 p.m. for Annapolis was filled with enthusiastic Alumni of St. John's College and the University of Maryland. As the ceremonies of the two previous days had taken place indoors and as St. John's College has a very extensive and park-hke campus, adorned by numerous beautiful and ancient trees, this day was planned as one of outdoor pleasure and amusement, a lawn fete had been prepared and the splendid Band of the United States Naval Academy was ready to give a concert upon the campus. The Cadets of St. John's College with their Band were to receive those coming from Baltimore on the Steamer "Latrobe" at the landing and escort them to the College Park. The principal feature of the day was the presentation and unveiling of a bronze tablet in the shape of a large beauti- ful shield in commemoration of the affiUation of St. John's College and the University of Maryland. This 200 THE CENTENNIAL CELEBRATION marked an important stride in the history of both insti- tutions, which from this day on will have one history; for these ceremonies marked the amalgamation of St. John's College with the University of Maryland; and really as far as the educational history is concerned these exercises will be remembered as one of the most important events in connection with the Centennial of the University. The following is the program that was carried out at St. John's College on Saturday, June 1, 1907, Saturday, June 1 Excursion to Annapolis (Stag Party) Steamer "Latrobe" leaves Pier 10, Light Street, at 12 m. LUNCHEON ON BOARD March from Annapolis Landing to St. John's College, under escort of Cadets and Band Address of Welcome .By Hon. J. Wirt Randall Presentation of Tablet By Prof. John C. Hemmeter, Ph.D., M .D . Chairman of Centennial Committee Response By President Thomas Fell entertainment on campus Special train leaves Camden Station, Baltimore, for Annapolis, over Annapolis Short Line, at 1 p.m. Tickets for round trip, 75 cents each. ADDRESS OF JOHN WIRT RANDALL AT ST. JOHN'S COLLEGE (DEPARTMENT OF ARTS AND SCIENCES), OF THE UNIVERSITY OF MARYLAND CENTENNIAL CELEBRATION, JUNE 1, 1907 Mr. President, F ellow- Alumni of the University of Mary- land, Ladies and Gentlemen: It is with peculiar pleasure that we welcome you to these halls on what we believe will be, historically, a most significant occasion. Our thoughts naturally go back to another somewhat similar celebration nearly one hundred and twenty years ago; to a function held in this very hall where we are now gathered. On the eleventh day of November, 1789, St. John's College was formally opened, and the union with it of the old historic King WiUiam's school was actually accompHshed. I find in the issue of December 3, 1789, of The Mary- land Gazette an Annapohs newspaper, the files of which are preserved in the State Library here, and also in the Ubrary of the Maryland Historical Society in Baltimore, the following account of that ceremony. " On Wednesday, the eleventh of November ultimo., St. John's College in this city was opened and dedicated with much solemnity in the presence of a numerous and respect- able concourse of people. The honorable, the members of the General Assembly, the honorable Chancellor, the judges of the General Court, together with the gentlemen of the bar, the worshipful Corporation of the City, and 202 THE CENTENNIAL CELEBRATION the principal inhabitants thereof, preceded by the scholars, the professors and the visitors and governors of the col- lege, walked in procession from the stadt-house to the col- lege hall. An elegant sermon, well adapted to the occa- sion, was preached by the Reverend Doctor W. Smith, who presided for the day. An oration was also delivered by the Reverend Ralph Higginbotham on the advantages of classical education." Now the Reverend Ralph Higginbotham was the head- master of the venerable King William's School of Annapo- lis. While still headmaster of that school, he had been, on the eleventh day of August, 1789, elected, as we learn from the files of the same paper. Professor of Languages of St. John's College, in which Dr. John McDowell had already been elected Professor of Mathematics. The act of 1785 authorized the m^erger of the two insti- tutions. The teachers and scholars, the property and funds of King Wilham's School, under that act, became the professors and scholars, the property and funds of St. John's College; and from that time the two institu- tions were consolidated and became identified. We claim the right, therefore, although the name was changed with the times, to date back the birth of this old college to the remote days of colonial settlement, when King William's School came into being. King Wilham's School, as its name indicates, was founded during the reign of WilHam and Mary, the Prince and Princess of Orange, and was named after that illustrious prince and statesman, whom Macaulay has immortalized and made a hero to the whole English race. You can see in our library now, ladies and gentlemen, many of those " quaint and curious volumes of forgotten lore" presented by that king to the school named for him; books which in the union with St. John's became our property. The royal coat of arms in gold still shines UNIVERSITY OF MARYLAND 203 forth upon their vellum covers, scarcely tarnished by the two centuries and over that have elapsed since they were presented. That school was founded in 1694, and was in success- ful operation before the close of that century; it was the first free school established in America. It may be of interest to you to know that this building, in which we are now assembled, named McDowell Hall, after the distinguished John McDowell, the first presi- dent of St. John's, was begun by Thomas Bladen, Gover- nor, in 1744, as a residence for the Governors of the Prov- ince of Maryland. Owing to an unfortunate disagree- ment between the Governor and the Provincial Assem- bly (they were always scrapping over their respective rights), work upon the building was suspended and it remained unfinished until after the Revolution. Then it was, by the seventh section of the Act of 1784, which granted its charter to St. John's College, given by the State to the Visitors and Governors of that college, and their successors, "for the only use and benefit of the said college and seminary of universal learning forever." It was strictly a nonsectarian institution from the beginning. Among its original incorporators were the Rt. Rev. John Carroll, the Roman Catholic Bishop of Maryland, and several prominent ministers belonging to various Protestant denominations. The sam.e nonsec- tarian character has ever since been maintained in the personnel both of its Faculty and of its Governing Board. It has sent forth many men who have distinguished themselves in all walks of life, civil and miilitary. Gov- ernors and Judges, United States Senators and members of Congress; legislators in both Houses of our own Gen- eral Assembly; ambassadors, divines, lawyers, physicians and men eminent in all the affairs of life, whose name is legion. The great Washington honored it by sending 204 THE CENTENNIAL CELEBRATION here two of his nephews, Fairfax and Lawrence Washing- ton, and a step-grandson, George Washington Parke Custis. "Outsiders," says Lowell, "can only be expected to judge a nation by the amount it has contributed to the civilization of the world." The same might well be said of a college. But the silent, the hidden streams of benefi- cent influence of such a multitude of educated men are impossible to trace; and it is equally impossible to over- estimate their civilizing, elevating effect. St. John's has nobly fulfilled its mission, as beautifully set forth in its charter [in 1784, "the liberal education of youth in the principles of virtue, knowledge and useful literature, as the highest benefit to society in order to train up and perpetuate a succession of able and honest men for discharging the various offices and duties of life, both civil and religious, with usefulness and reputation." It would seem almost invidious, among so many dis- tinguished sons of these two consolidated Annapolis insti- tutions, to point to any and say with Cornelia, the mother of the Gracchi, "These are my jewels;" but I cannot for- bear to remind you that among them were the great Wil- liam Pinkney and Reverdy Johnson, two of the greatest lawyers, orators and statesmen that this State or this nation ever produced; and Francis Scott Key, whose name shall live in the hearts and on the Hps of men so long as the "Star-Spangled Banner" shall float and his country or the memory of it shall endure. And now we are met to commemorate another event in the history of this institution of learning; to bear wit- ness to another union of hearts and hands over its ancient double altar. The law of life is progress and growth — or else decay. Evolution from a lower to a higher type of being and use- fulness is a rule, a principle of fife, physical, mental and spiritual, and it cannot be violated with impunity. UNIVERSITY OF MARYLAND 205 "Build thee more stately mansions, oh, my soul, As the swift seasons roll; Let each new temple nobler than the last, Shut thee from heaven with a dome more vast." And the occasion which brings us together today marks the consummation, as we beheve, of an attempt to apply this natural law and aspiration to the two institutions of learning, which we love and have been appointed to guard and advance. It is not, in this case, it is true, an absolute merger of the one institution into the other, as has been somewhat mistakenly represented, and as was the case with King WilHam's School and St. John's College. It is rather an affiliation, a confederation, a building of a common roof over the heads of the various schools, departments and colleges which will hereafter constitute the University of Maryland. When its charter was granted in 1784, the 33d Section expressly authorized St. John's College to enter into such alliance with another college therein named; the two institutions thereafter to be one university, "by the name of the University of Maryland, whereof the Gov- ernor of the State for the tim^e being should be Chancellor, and the principal of one of the said colleges should be Vice-Chancellor; and to frame rules, by-laws and ordi- nances for the general government of such university and for conferring of the degrees and honors of the university ; provided, the same be not repugnant to the constitution and laws of this State, or in any manner abridge or destroy the separate and distinct rights, franchises and immunities of either of the said colleges, as expressly declared and granted, in their respective charters or acts of incorpora- tion." It is along these lines thus indicated in this charter and with no intention whatever of surrendering its charter or affecting its own distinct individual autonomy as a 206 THE CENTENNIAL CELEBRATION college, that each of our institutions has entered into these contracts of alliance, affiliation and confederation. It is a course that has been pursued by other institutions in our own land, as well as in England, and one from which we hope and believe, and have a right to hope and believe, that great benefits will flow to the institutions involved, their alumni and the State and public at large. Within a few months we shall have two lines of electric railroad service between Baltimore and Annapolis; and the facilities, conveniences and economies of transporta- tion between the two cities (already so much improved within the past few years) will be immensely increased. The several departments and colleges that will in future form the University of Maryland (and we hope and believe that both their number and scope will be yet further increased) will be as close together in point of time and convenience as the several departments of many of our great universities. It will be perfectly feasible, for exam- ple, as is contemplated, to let those of our seniors who propose to study law, take the essential, required courses for their academic degree here at St. John's, and at the same time attend the afternoon law lectures in Baltimore, as their senior elective studies, thus saving a year in the combined courses. But time will not permit me even to touch upon the many advantages that our respective governing boards foresee in the plan of confederation that we have adopted; suffice it to say that the more we consider it the more we like it, and that opinion, we are convinced, is shared by all oui: alumni, with scarcely an exception. No one who has attended any of the delightful and inspiring exercises of the University of Maryland in Balti- more this week could fail to be proud of the institution with which we are allying ourselves, and of the noble sons who have flocked around her to celebrate her one hun- UNIVERSITY OF MARYLAND 207 dredth birthday. It was, indeed, a happy omen for her future. And I wish to express, on behalf of this old col- lege and its Board of Visitors and Governors, our own grateful appreciation and cordial reciprocation of the very many kind and friendly things which w^ere said dur- ing those exercises about St. John's and concerning the new and auspicious connection we have established be- tween our two ancient institutions. And so, gentlemen, fellow alumni of the University of Maryland, it is with great and renewed pleasure and satis- faction that we now greet you and welcome you here today. If I were a preacher and should desire to take a Biblical text for these rem^arks, I should choose the 2d verse of the 54th chapter of Isaiah ; not being a preacher instead of beginning with it, I will end with my text : "Enlarge the place of thy tent, and let them stretch forth the curtains of thy habitations; spare not, lengthen thy cords and strengthen thy stakes." That is the rule and exhortation of progress which has appealed to us. ADDRESS OF PROF. JOHN C. HEMMETER, PRE- SENTING THE BRONZE MEMORIAL SHIELD TO THE TRUSTEES AND FACULTIES OF ST. JOHN'S COLLEGE— ANNAPOLIS —McDowell hall, june i, i907 Mr. President, Your Excellency, Members of the Faculties of the University of Maryland and St. John's College, Fellow Alumni, Ladies and Gentlemen: In this bright abode we are no strangers ; in this vener- able hall that gave reception to George Washington and Lafayette, we feel at home. It is a very great honor for the Alumni, Regents and Faculty of the University of Maryland, to be the guests of this time honored institu- tion on the third day of one of the most impressive aca- demic celebrations ever held in our State. As expressed in the eloquent remarks of the speakers who have figured in the ceremonies of the previous days, it was the plan of the early founders of our State that there should be a State University of Maryland, a Uni- versity^ of the People, for the People and by the People of Maryland. Mr. J. Wirt Randall has given the interest- ing history of St. John's College, and its origin from King William's School, which was founded in 1694, two hundred and fourteen years ago. The affiliation of St. John's College with the University of Marjdand is an event in the educational history of the State of the greatest impor- tance, and in my opinion it marks the beginning of the actual execution of the plan to have a State university in the sense expressed by many orators during these festivi- ties. THE MEMORIAL SHIELD PRESENTED TO ST. JOHN'S COLLEGE, ANNAPOLIS .TJj':'0 w'/'K':^ UNIVERSITY OF MARYLAND 209 It has been the desire of the Regents of the University of Maryland, and of the Centennial Committee, that there should be somxe substantial token of this affiliation, and accordingly they have entrusted me with the designing and execution of the beautiful and massive bronze shield, which you behold upon the wall of this ancient hall. You behold there, ladies and gentlemen, a bright cir- cular shield fixed into the center of the sohd oak paneb and draped with the colors of the University of Maryland and St. John's College. The center of this design is the shield occurring in the great seal of the State of Maryland. Above this shield you find the device or m.otto of St. John's College : " Est nulla via invia virtuW " (There is no road impassable to virtue)." Below the shield you will find the motto of the University of Maryland : " Omnia autem iwohate quod honum est teneteV' "Try all things and retain that which is good !" The shield and both mottoes are encircled by a bronze wreath of laurel, held at the lower portion by a ribbon. Immediately inside of this laurel wreath you find the following inscription : In Commemoration of the Affiliation of ST. John's college with the UNIVERSITY OF MARYLAND Presented hy the Regents of the University of Maryland June 1, 1907 Nothing could be more proper and befitting than that the emblem commemorating the affihation of two great educa- 210 THE CENTENNIAL CELEBRATION tional institutions, so time-honored, and whose records are so intimately entwined with the early history of our State, should contain the shield of the State of Maryland. From where the white surf of the Atlantic Ocean rolls over the capes at the mouth of the Chesapeake Bay, to the blue mountains that offer such an incomparably beautiful view over fertile plains and majestic rivers, this State gives habitation for a people that unite the valor and sturdiness of the Lacedaemonian with the intellectual and moral power of the Athenian. In them the intellectual culture and fortitude are blended in the same characters. What an empire State this would have been had not destiny willed it that the fiercest battles of two great wars, one for national freedom and independence, the other a con- flict between sister States should take place on its soil. To be a buffer State between conflicting nations was more destructive to progress than to be actually taking part on either side. But God has been with our people, and is still with them and guiding the fate of their institutions- In his forty-fourth aphorism Heraclitus says, 'War is the father of all, and has produced some as gods and some as men, and has made some slaves and some free." XLIV. -nuXsixoz TrdvTiov fj.sv nar-qp — itrri itavrutv ds ^atriksu:;, xai -oh' fiiv 0s