Class Book COPYRIGHT DEPOSIT Hudson River Route. New Tori to f est Point, CatsHU Mountains, Saratoga, LAKE GEORGE, LAKE CHAMPLAIN, ADIRONDACKS, MONTREAL AND QUEBEC. 'W^~^^= Ta i N T O R B FIOT H E R S & C O, -- ittipUtae 1 8 <& 2 O As tor Place, NewVoiate THE Massachusetts Mutual LIFE INSURANCE COMPANY OF SPRINGFIELD, MASS. INCORPORATED 1851. Total Assets, January 1st, 1887, . . $8,554,065.32 Total Liabilities, " " " . . . 7,897,300 .96 Surplus by Massachusetts Standard, .... $656,764.36 Surplus by New York Standard (about) . . . 1,192,000.00 Number of Policies issued in 1886, 2,()28, insuring . 8,064,390.00 Number of Policies in force Dec. 31, i886,16,537, insuring 41, 246, 538. 00 /J::HE MASSACHUSETTS MUTUAL LIFE INSUR- ^^ ANCE COMPANY, of Springfield, is one of the oldest in the United States. It was incorporated in the year 18S1 by the State of Massachusetts, -which was the first in the Union to inaugurate an "Insurance Department," thus instituting State supervision over its companies. It was also the first State to legislate concerning the forfeiture of policies of life insurance; its fannous non-forfeiture law was passed in 1861 and amended in 1880. By the recent act of 1887, life insurance leg- islation has reached a degree of perfection hereto- fore unknown. THIS Law requires that all policies issued by THE MASSACHUSETTS MUTUAL LIFE INSURANCE COMPANY shall be non-forfeitable after the pay- ment of two annual premiums, without any further stipulation or act. This makes the aniount of paid- up insurance to which the policyholder may be entitled, under any circumstances, absolutely guar- anteed. He may forget his policy, but his policy will never forget him. Also, that after the paynnent of two annual premiums, the insured may, on any subsequent anniversary of the date of issue of said policy, surrender the same, and claim and recover from the Company its "Surrender Value in Cash." Said Cash Value is fixed by the law itself and cannot be changed. M. V. B. EDGERLY, President. JOHN A. HALL, Secretary. HENRY S. LEE, Vice-President. OSCAR B. IRELAND, Actuary. THE Hudson River Route. NEW YOEK WEST POINT, CATSKILL 5I0UNTAINS, AJLBANY, SARATOGA SPRINGS, LAKE GEORGE, LAKE CHAMPLAIN, ADIRONDACK MOUNTAINS, MONTREAL AND QUEBEC. DESCRIPTIVE SKETCHES OF CITIES, VILLAGES, STATIONS, SCENERY, AND OBJECTS OF INTEREST ALONG THE ROUTE. ILLUSTRATED WITH MAPS. Copyright, 1887, by Taintoe Bboihers & Ca , J'^L 2Q 1887 >/ NEW YORK: TAINTOR BROTHERS & CO., 18 & 20 ASTOR PLACE. 1887. Kemedy known as S. S. S. is entirely vegetable. Above cut rep- resents the original mode of manufacturing it in 1840 I have taken with great benefit S. S. S. for a clear nase of Eczema. The eruption has entirely disappeared, and I am well. Rev. W. J. Robinson, Atlanta, Ga, I have taken Swift's Specific for Rheumatism, and found perffict relief. It also re- ( lieved mR of Dyspepsia, from which I had suffered for years. I believe, when duly ap- _.- preciated as a Tonic aniJ Blood Puriier, tha,t Swifts Specific will become a household/ remedy. D. P. Hill, Atlanta, Ga.. Nov. 18, 1882. For years I have been the victim of catarrh. After exhausting all the remedies that came to my knowledge I was determined to give S S. s. a fair trial. To my surprise I have been thoroughly cured. If it had not been for S. S. S. I would not be -ible to write even this much. L. S. Wassum. Gettysburg, Ohio, January 14, 18B4. I have suffered with scrofula for thirty years, and plagued with erysipelas of the face and head. I tried everything that medical skill could suggest, but found no relief. At the suggestion of Dr. U W- Parker I took Swift's Specific. 1 have .so much improved that ray bfst friends hardly know me. It is a wonderful medicine. It has restored my lit- tle boy, Willie White, to perfect health. MBS. J. J. WHITE. Bremen, (^a , March 2, 1885. I w s afflicted with a terrible case of blood noison for about thirteen months. I was treated by the best physicians, and used Vd'':ous kinds of remedies, but received no sub- stantial relief. I finally tried the Swift Specific, and about four bottles cured me sound and well. D.B.ADAMS. Union, S. C, June 24, 1886. Gentlemen— It is due you to say that I think 1 am entirely well of eczema after hav- ing taken Swift's Specific. I have been troubled with it very little in my face since last spring. At the beginning of cold weather 1 .st fall it made a slight appearance, but went away and has never returned. S. S S. no doul t broke it up; at least it put my system in good condition and I got well. It also benefitted my wife greatly in case of sick headache, and made a perfect cure of a breaking out of my little three-year-old daughter last summer. Rev. Jas. V. M. Mobhis. I Watkinsville, Ga., Feb. 13, 1886. I hid for thirty-eight years suffered evey spring and summer with poison oak. which I contracted in bathing, when a boy. I tried everything for it. includmg many j physicians, but without any benefit. I took six bottles of Swift's Specific (S. b. S.)four i years ago. and it cured me sound and well. Three summers have passed and I have had ! no return of it. Joseph Beaslx, Columbus, Ga. |: INDEX. Adirondack Mountains .115 Adirondack R. R 84 Acra 59 Albany 63 Albany Junction 70 Albany Rural Cemetery. . . 69 Andre and Arnold 29 Athens 60 Au Sable Chasm no Ballston Spa 76 Barnt gat 4.6 Barrytown 50 Batisean 128 Big Indian 56 Boiseville 56 Bolton 102 Brosseaus 123 Burlington 109 Cairo 59 Caconna 134 Caldwell 100 Captm-e of Stony Point. ... 34 Carmansville 21 Castleton, N. Y 62 Castleton, Vt 90 Catskill 52 Catskill Mountains 54 Catskill Mountain House. . . 57 Clarendon Springs 92 Coeyinan's 61 Cohoes 69 Cold Spiing , 40 Columbiaville 60 Comstock's Landing 89 Cornwall Landing 41 Coxsackie 61 Cranston's Landing 16-37 Croton Point 32 Crown Point 107 Day Line Steamers. ... 9 Del. & Hud. Canal Co'sR.R. 67 Dobb's Ferry 26 Dunham's llasin 89 East Windham 59 Essex loS Fairhaven 90 Fishkill Landing 42 Fort Ann 8q Fort Clinton. . . 36 Fort Edward 88 Fort Lee 22 Fort Montgomery 36 Fort Ticonderoga 105 Fort Wasliingtoii 21 Fort William Henry Hotel. 98 Fox Hollow 56 Freehold ^g Gansevoort 88 Garrison 35 German town 51 Glen's Falls ... 05 Grand Hotel 57 Grand Ligne 123 Grand Trunk R.R 122 Greenbush 62 Green Island '; 3 Hadley 84 Hastings 215 Haverstraw 33 Holioken 20 Hudson 60 Hudson River 5 Hunter (jg Hyde Park 47 Hydeville 90 Irvjngton 27 Jersey City 20 Jessup's Landing 84 Jewett's Heights 55 Kaaterskill Hotel 58 Kingston 49 Kmgs_ 84 Laeadie 123 LacoUe 123 Lake Champlain 106 Lake Champlain Route .... 104 Lake George 96 Lake George Route, } „ Via Adiruiidai^k Railroad. ( • "» Lake George Route, I Via Gleii's Falls. ^^ • 94 Laurel House 57 Lexington 59 Low Point 45 M.inhattanville 21 Marlborough 45 Meclianicsville 73 Muldletown Healing Springs 93 Milton Ferry 4^ Montreal ^24 Mt. Pleasant 5° New Baltimore 61 Newbuii;H 43 New Hamburg 45 New Paltz 47 North Creek 87 Nyack 3' Overlook Mt. House 55 Palisades Mt. House 2\. Palenville 5^ Peeksville 35 Phoenicia 5° Piermont . 26 Pine Hill 57 Plattsburgh ..... I12 Poughkeepsie 46 Port Ewen 49 Port Henry I07 Port Kent I'O Prattsville. 59 Quebec 129 Khinebeck 4^ Riverdale 24 Riverside 87 Rondout 49 Round Lake Station 74 Rouse's Point 122 Rutland 9' St. Lambert 123 St. Johns 123 Sandy Hill 94 Saratoga Springs 5^2 Saugerties 5* Schenectady 80 Schodac " ' Shandaken . . . ■ 5^ Shokan 55 Sing Sing 3» Smith's Basin 09 Sorel 127 South Corinth 84 Spuyten Duyvil 23 Staatsburs; 4^ Stony Point 33 Stottsville 123 Stuyvesant 01 Summit Station 57 Tannersviile 5^ Tarrytown 28 Teller's Point 31 The Glen ^'/ Three Rivers 127 Tivoli 50 Thurman ^7 Tremper House 56 Troy 71 U. S. Military Academy 3S Verplanck's Point 33 Waterford 70 Weekawken 20 West Hurley 55 West Kill 59 West Point 37 West port 108 West Rutland 9^ West Troy 69 Whitehall 9° Windham 59 Vonkers 25 4^ >-L / ^R THE AMERICAN, BOSTON. OENTRAL LOCATION. PERFECT VENTILATION". UNEXCEPTIONABLE TABLE. PARTICULARLY DESIRABLE FOR FAMILIES AND SUMMER TOURISTS. SIX STAIRWAYS FROM TOP TO BOTTOM. "With every security against fire. Rooms with Meals, Rooms only. $3.00 PER DAY ] and. up"NA^ards. $1.00 PER DAY and up"wards. J According to Size and Location. THE NEAREST FIRST CLASS HOTEL TO NORTHERN AND EASTERN DEPOTS, " It is one of the most attractive and best managed of New Ens-land Hotels."— A'. Y. Mail. ^ HENRY B. RICE & CO. Hanover, near Washington St. The Full Principal Sum ■will be paid in case of loss of both feet, both hands, a baud and a foot, or the entire sight of both eyes, by accident. iPririFNTQ ^^"^ always happening to those who Atbiui.iii«7 "Don't TraveL"Much" as weU as to those who do. The quietest PROFESSIONAL ♦^AND^BUSINESS•^MEN are as liable as any others to the thousand hazards of life, at home or abroad. "Moral: Insure in The travelers." Trayelers :s>n ACCIDENT COIVIPANY ^^T^:^ 1 Insurance CONVA^ j gOMPANY . '~^ of america, Largest in the World; Also, Best of Life Companies. ACCIDENT POLICIECilva°^Skfor sport'"" '° RFQT I IFF Pni IPY in tlie Market.' Indefeasible, DLOI Uiru rULIUI N^^n-Forfeitable, World-Wide. PJLXD FOZICY-nOLrtEBS $13,500,000. All Claims pnid withnu* J)iseonnt, and immcdiatelif on receipt of ant is factory froofs, Jlssefs, 99, f If, 000. Surplus, $2,129,000. 3. G. BATTERSON, Pres. BODNET DENNIS, Sec. One-thir?V .k^x. \ / ^r %•;" — I'JV^f f}5 \c VwiBsiow / / r ^^-^Cr ^JffiTCMCeiitreville / yStrasbvirg AlexandriaJTijp annAPOLIS 11 Mil /I / V /lyR G /"-» / !anassasjc^ / ^'1' '*•' I /A ^^''^O ^^«e^O\ whi( kilh repc of ti JDOiE HuJ arm: the} poss Islai the abo'v the ] vari( Tl of g the] New toth over the Laki Lac] Wee west Buff Rail Vail Yorl the the Corn nortl Lake the R. R ferrj West beau HUDSON RIVER ROUTE. and the Ulster & Delaware Railway runs northwest through the Catskill Mountains to Stamford, N. Y., and has branches running to Kaaterskill House and Hunter, on the top of the Cat- skills. At Rhinebeck, nearly opposite, is the western terminus of the Hartford & Connecticut Western Railroad. At Catskill, the Catskill Mountain R. R. conveys passengers to the base of the eastern Catskill Mountains, whence stages convey to the moun- tain hotels. At Hudson is the Hudson & Chatham branch of the Boston & Albany Railroad. From Albany the New York Central R. R. runs through Central New York to the great West, the Del- aware & Hudson Canal Co.'s Railroad to Saratoga, Adirondacks, Montreal and the North, and to the southwest to Binghamton and the State of Pennsylvania, leading, with their connections, to every point of the Empire State. The Boston & Albany R. R. conveys passengers from Albany to Pittsfield, Springfield, Boston and points east. From Troy the Boston, Hoosac Tunnel & Western R. R. runs to Hoosac Tunnel, Boston and the East; the Central Vermont R. R. to points in Vermont and Canada, and the Delaware & Hudson Canal Co.'s R. R. to Saratoga, Lake George, Adirondacks and Canada. HUDSON RIVER ROUTE. LINES OF TRAVEL ON THE HUDSON. THE DAY LINE OF STEAMERS Plying between New York and Albany possesses attractions and advantag-s which are seldom combined in one route of equal length. The whole distance is most remarkable for the beauty of its scenery, and for the evidences of commercial prosperity which greet the eye on every hand. The steamboats of this line — the well-known Albany and the New York — are probably the swiftest steamboats in the world. Bailt especially to meet the requirements of summer traveleis on the Hudson River, those boats combine qualities of speed and comfort with facilities for viewing the glorious scenery of this world-renowned river. Ample retiring-rooms are provided for ladies or invalids, and the decks are very broad and open, so that an unobstructed view of the scenery may be obtained from almost any part of the boat. Spacious and well ventilated dining-saloons enable the traveler to dine in comfort and luxury. The Albany is a departure from the conventional Hudson River steamer in essential particulars, tafcmost radically so in the fact that her long, gracefully curving hull is constructed wLoliy of iron, and is as fine a piece of work as ever left ship yard. It was built by Harlan & HoUingsworth, of Wilmington, Delaware. The largest steamer thus far built for day service, her length is 295 feet, and her width 40 feet, or 75 feet at the widest point, including the wheel-houses. The engine— a ponderous one, with a 73-inch cylinder and a 12-foot stroke — works almost noiselessly, and the vessel moves without the least perceptible tremor. The three boilers are 33 feet long and 8 feet 10 inches diameter. They are placed athwartship. below deck, and each has its own smoke stack. This new feature of three smoke stacks gives the boat a peculiar appearance that distinguishes these dny line steamers from all others on the river. The walls are of com- bined mahogany, ash and maple, with an abundance of carved work ; and there are eight lari;e private parlors for the use of parties, families, bridal excursions, or persons traveling with invalids. The dining-room is on the main deck, thus affording th« tourist an opportunity of dining while enjoying the beautiful 9 HUDSON RIVER ROUTE, scenery of the river. The only gangway is amidships, so that passengers need not be confused as 'which end the boat wili land at." It is so divided that the baggage can bo handled while the passengers are landing. The hurricane deck i.^ arranged with seats and affords space for promenades. There aie ample accom- molations ou the three floors, including the upper deck, for at l;ast 2,00J passengers. The Albany can safely carry more passen- !,'er8 than any other day ste imboat running on the Hudson. Her draught of water is nearly a foot less than that of a wooden hull of equal dimensions. The Albany is probably the fastest steam- boat afloat. On her trial trip she ran from Yonkers to New York, 16 miles, in 37 minutes and 30 seconds. She can easily run 25 miles an hour. The New York is fifteen leet longer than the Albany. Her hull is constructed wholly of steel and she is modeled after the Albany, of which she is a counterpart, excei^t in dimensions. On these steamers the traveler will find every- thing for his convenience, and he could not be any more comforta- ble in hfs own home than on one of thtsa beautiful steamers. ■ The.'se steamers leave Pier 39. North River, foot of Vestry Street, New York, at 8:40 o'clock a. m., and foot of "West 22d Street, at 9 a. m., arriving at Albany at C o'clock p. m. Returning they leave the foot of Hamilton Street, Albany, at 8:30 o'clock A. M., arriving at New York at 5:30 p. m. Toreach the foot of Ves- try Street, New York, by horse-cars or Elevated railways, take any of the lines running north and south to Grand Street, thence take the Grand 3treet cross-town line of horse-cars to the foot of Desbrosses Street, one block north of the Pier. To reach the foot of 22d Street, North River, take any north and south line of horse-cars or Elevated railways, and get off at 23d Street, whence the 23d Street line will take you to foot of West 23d Street, one block from the landing. At Rhinebeck passengers for the Overlook Mountain House and the Southern Catskills leave the steamers and cross the river by ferry-boat to Rondout, where they take the Ulster and Dela- ware Railroad. Those wishing to reach Lake Mohonk take the Wallkill Valley Railroad. At Albany connections are made for Saratoga, Lake George and points on the Delaware and Hudson C:inal C x's R. R., and New York Central, and New York, West Shore and Buffalo R. R.'s, and Boston and Albany R. R. 10 HUDSON RIVER ROUTE. THE PEOPLE'S LINE OF STEAMERS. It is the first class evening line of the Hudson River. It runs from Pier 41, old number, North River, foot of Canal Street, New York, to Albany, leaving New York at 6 p. m., during season of navigation, and arriving in Albany at about G a. m. the nexi, morning. It makes no landings between the two cities. The steamers of this line, the Drew and Dean Richmond, are palatial in character, and are furnished with 200 elegant State Rooms and with ample berth accommodations for the immense travel which patronize this jDopular line. This route affords opportunity to view the Hudson at sunset and evening, and the scenery of this charming river on a clear moonlight night is en. trancingly beautiful. THE CITIZENS' LINE OF STEAMERS Plies between New York and Troy, leaving Pier 44, at the fools of Christopher St. Hudson River, daily at 6 P. M., during the season of river navigatioa, and reaching Troy at about 6 a. m. the following morning, connecting with the morning trains for all points North, East and West. The boats of this line are the City of Troy and Saratoga, which are supplied with elegant state- rooms, and ample berth accommodations. It is a popular line to Troy, Saratoga and points north . THE STEAMER MARY POWELL runs from New York to Rondcut, stopping at Cranston's, West Point, Cornwall, Newburgh, New Hamburg, Milton and Pough- keepsie. She leaves New York, Pier 39 North River, every week day, except Saturday, at 3:15 p. m., stopping at foot of West 22d Street for passengers from the upper part of the city, and leaving West 22d Street at 3:30 p. m., and on Saturdays one hour earlier at each landing and touching at Marlborough. Returning leaves Rondout at 5:30 a. m., reaching New York,at 10:30 a. m. She is a very swift and popular steamer, and has become such a favorite as to be justly called the " Pride of the Hudson." 11 HUDSON KIVEE EOUTE. PANORAMA OF THE HUDSON. PKOMINENT OBJECTS OF INTEKEST THAT MAT BE SEEN FROM THE STEAMEKS OF THE " DAY LINE," ON THE TKIP OF THE HUDSON FROM NEW YORK TO ALBANY. As the steamer leaves the dock, a fiue view of New York Har- bor is opened to the south. Beyond the lower end of the city is Governor's Island, fortified by General Putnam prior to the bat- tle of Long Island in 1777. The circular fort is Castle William. Beyond this may be seen The Narrows and Staten Island, and beyond these, on a clear day, the Navesink Highlands. Of the two small fortified islands farther to the westward, the nearer is Ellis Island and the farther Bedloe's Island. In the following arrangement the objects of interest on the west bank are described in the left-hand column and those on the east bank in the right-hand column. WEST BANK. Jersey City, pop. 100,000 ; ter- minus of Pennsylvania U.K., Central N. J., Midland, Erie, and Northern N. J. Railroads. Cunard Steamers' docks. Oppo- site dock of Day Line is Erie Depot. Bergen Heights in distance. Hoboken, a little north, pop. 30,000 ; terminus of Delaware and Lackawanna R.R. , Morris and Essex R. R. , and Hamburg Line of Steamers. EAST BANK. New York City. Of the promi- nent church spires, the south- ernmost is Trinity. North of this, in succession, and conspicu ,us for their height, are the Boreel Building, the Equitable Life Insurance Build- ing, the Mutual Life In.surance Building, the Western Union Telegraph Building, the Even- ing Post Building, the Post Office, which may be distin- guished by its large dome, the Tribune Building, recognized by its lofty, pointed clock tower, and beyond all these the piers and cables of the East River Bridge. 13 NEW YORK TO TARRYTOWN. HUDSON RIVER ROUTE. WEST BANK. Castle Hill, I'ust above and north of Hoboken, is the site of the Stevens' Mansion ; near by, fronting on a fine public square, is the Stevens' Institute of Tech- nology. The famous Stevens' Ironclad was constructed a few rods south of this square. Monastery of the Passionist Fathers on the summit of the ridge, marked by a lofty dome. Weehawken, southern termi- nus of New York, West Shore & Buffalo Railway. Entrance to tunnel leading to Hackensack Valley west of the Palisades. Weehawken, scene of Hamil- ton and Burr duel in 1804. The spot is but a few yards from the shore ; a plateau, on whose edge is an old cedar where Hamilton stood on the morning of the duel. Guttenberg, seven-story white building above Weehawken, is a brewery. Pleasant Valley, opposite Car- mansville. Fort Lee, ten miles from New Yvirk, opposite Deaf and Dumb Asylum. The site of the old fort is marked by a flagstaff on the bluff. Large summer hotels. Large house, residence of Capt. Bradbury of Pacific Mail S. S. line. EAST BANK. Other prominent buildings may be seen further up town, but to describe all of them, so that they can be recognized by a stranger, is impracticable. Manhattan Market (34th St.) is conspicuous on the river front, a huge building with an arched roof. St. Thomas' Church spire, 5th Ave. and 53d St. Roosevelt Hospital, 59th St., a brick structure with many- pointed finials. Sixty-Fifth Street, New York, N. Y. Orphan Asylum. Grain elevator of N. Y. Cen- tral Railroad. Claremont Hotise and site of Ion. Grant's tomb and monu- ment. Bloom ingdale Lunatic Asy- lum, bet. 115th and 120th Sts. Manhattanville, 13'2d St. Iron works, Audubon Park. Carmansville, home of Audu- bon the naturalist. Old Claremont Hotel, n. river. Trinity Cemetery. New York Institute for Deaf and Dumb. Jeffrey's Hook, a point jut- ting into the river— site of old fort. Here Washington landed, but recrossed to Fort Lee just before the heights were cap- tured by the British in 1778. 18 NEW YORK TO TARRYTOWN. HUDSON EIVER EOUTfi. WEST BANK. The Palisades begin at Fort Lee and extend 15 miles to the north, from 200 to 500 feet in height. The Palisade Mountain Hotel formerly stood on the Palisades, opposite Inwood. It was burn- ed June 3d, 1884. At the foot of the Palisades is a wharf, from which, by an easy grade, a fine carriage-road leads over the Pal- isades to Englewood, N. J. The Palisades stretch along an unbroken wall of columnar traprock, for nearly 15 miles, varying in height from 200 to 500 feet above the river. Indian Head, the highest point of the Palisades, 550 feet above the river. Tappan Bay, or Tappan Zee, extending north 15 miles to Cro- ton Point, nearly four miles wide. Piermont, twenty-four miles from New York ; formerly ter- minus of Erie Railway. Pier one mile long, extending into river. Palisade formation ter- minates here. Boundary be- tween New York and N. J. just at end of Palisades. Nyack. Pop. 4,000. Rama- po Mountains in distance. EAST BANK. Washington Heights, 185th St. Fort Washington, 10 miles from New York. Site near James Gordon Bennett's resi- dence, with gilded dome. Inwood, once known as Tub- by Hook. Spuyten Duyvil Creek, or Harlem River. Main line of Hudson River R. R. diverges from river through cut to Grand Central Depot, 42d St., New York. Pump tower at High Bridge visible over the hills. Westchester Heights, site of old Ft. Independence. Riverdale, 14 miles from N.Y. Convent and Academy of Mount St. Vincent, with Font Hill in front, built by Edwin Forrest. Yonkers. 17 miles from New York. Pop. 20,000. Site of old Phillipse mansion. Spring Hill Grove. Dudley's Grove above. Hastings-on-the Hudson, 21 miles from New York. Sugar refinery near river. Dobbs' Ferry, 23 miles from New York. Irvington, 24 miles from N. T. 14 TA«R-»TOWNtO NE'A/BUKCH HUDSON KIVEK KOUTE. WEST BANK. Upper Nyack, one mile above Nyack. Rockland Lake, among the liills, opposite Sing Sing. Source of Hackemack River, and great ice-quarry in winter. It is 150 feet above the river. Hook Mt. which separates it from the river is 610 feet high. The point which abuts on the river is Verdritege Hook, commonly called "Point no Point." Haverstraw Bay, five miles wide — the widest part of the Hudson, extending from Croton Point on the south to Ver- planck's Point on the north. First view West Shore R. R. High Torn Mountain — a peak below Haverstraw (820 ft. high). Haverstraw Village, with two mUes of brick-yards. Treason Hill, north of Haver- straw, where Arnold met Andre at Joshua Hett Smith's. Grassy Point, two miles north of Haverstraw. Stony Point, one mile north of Grassy Point. Stormed by the Americans under Gen. An- tony Wayne, July 15, 1779. Tompkins Gove — with lime- kilns and quarry. Kidd'a Point, now Caldwell's Landing. EAST BANK. Sunnyside, home of Washing ton Irving, half a mile north of R.R. Station, scarcely visible through the trees, near the river. Residence of Bierstadt, the artist, on the heights above. Tarrytown, 29 miles from N. Y. Pop. 5,000. Steamer stops beside ferryboat in middle of the river, transferring pas- sengers for both Tarrytown and Nyack. Sing Sing, 30 miles from New York. Pop. 3,000. State Prison, near the river, south of the village, built of white marble. Croton River empties into Hudson one mile north of Sing Sing. Croton Point, just above Cro- ton River — junction of Tappan Bay and Haverstraw Bay. Teller's Point. Off this point the Vulture anchored when she brought Andre to meet Arnold. Croton Village above. Montrasse's Point. Verplanck's Point. King's Ferry before Revolu- tion — between these two points half a mile. Manito Mountain. Peekskill. Pop. 6,000. 43 miles from New York. TARRYTOWtV TO NEWBUHCH HUDSON ElVEB ROUTE. WEST BANK. Donderberg' Mouutain, 1,098 feet high. lona Island — with hotel and pionic grounds. Fort Montgomery Creek, op- po.site Anthony's Nose. Fort Clinton south side creek. Fort Montgomery on north side. Parry House — with ruins of old mill in front. Benny Haven's cottage at waterside. Buttermilk Falls, cascade above. Cranston's Hotel, 250 ft. above river, the most fashionable re- sort on the river. Highland Falls — village be- hmd bluff. Population, 1,50U. Cranston's Landing. West Point, one mile above Cranston's U. S. Military Acade- my, Parade Ground, and Bar- racks. The most commanding strategic point of the Hudson during the Revolution. West Shore Railway tunnel under isarade grounds. Old Fort Putnam — ruins of the Revolution — 596 ft. above river. Kosciusko's Monument, above West Point Landing, on the point. West Point Lighthouse. West Point Hotel on the bluff. West Point Villasre. IG EAST BANK. Nameless Highland. The Ilace, between lona Is- land and the east bank of river. Anthony's Nose, 1,220 feet high, with li. R. tunnel near river. Sugar Loaf Mountain toward north- east. Beverly Dock, close by river. Robinson House. Hon. Hamilton Fish's resi- dence, brick house on the bluff. Garrison's, 50 miles from New York, opposite West Point. Highland House, half a mile from river, splendid site. Constitution Island, opposite point. Miss Warner's home. White Cottage, near the river. Author of "Queechy" and "Wide. Wide World." The Two Brothers — rocks. Cold Spring, 54 miles from New York, with extensive iron foundries. Undercliff, home of George P. Morris, just north of Cold Spring. Mount Taurus, 1,486 ft. high. Little Stony Point, promon- tory at foot of Bull Hill. iNEWBURG AND FISHKILL TO RHINEBECK, T7T, HUDSON KIVKR ROtJTB. * WEST BANK. Old Cro' Nest, 1,418 ft. high. Kidd's Plug Cliff— the preci- pice on bank of river. Butter Hill. Storm King, 1,529 feet high — northernmost point of the Highlands. Cornwall Village, 56 miles from N. Y. Idlewild, home of N. P. Wil- lis, just north of Cornwall Vil- lage. Shawangunk Mountains west. New Windsor, four miles north of Cornwall. Hendrick Hudson anchored here Sept. 15, l(i09. Newburg Bay. Washington's Headquarters — a flagstaff marks the location. Newburg City, pop. 20.003, 60 miles from New York. Duyvels Dans Kanier — flat rock covered with cedars— scene of the traditionary Indian pow- wow which Hendrick Hudson and his comrades witnessed at night, with all its Indian acces- sories of fire and paint. Hampton Point — with fine white cedars — 64 miles from New York. Marlborough, 66 miles from New York. The Arbor Vitae prows in g^^eat perfection here EAST BANK. Breakneck Mountain, 1,187 feet high. South Beacon Hill, 1,685 feet high. North Beacon Hill, 1,471 feet high. PoUipel's Island, at the north entrance of the Highlands. Fishkill Mountains to the east. Fishkill Landing, 60 miles from New York. Western ter- minus of New York and New England Kailway. /»~ Clinton Point. Low Point, or Carthage, 64 miles from New York. New Hamburg, 66 miles from New York, at the mouth of Wappinger's Creek. Locust Point, formerly coun- try seat of the late Prof. S. F. B. Morse, inventor of electric telegraph. Poughkeepsie Cemetery. Ruins of Old Livingston Place just above. River View Military Academy. City of Poughkeepsie, popu- lation 20,000, 75 miles from New York— Queen City of the Hudson, 200 feet above river. Vassar Female College is a mile and a half east of Pough- keepsie. State Asylum for the Insane just north of Poughkeepsie. IT NEWBURC AND FISHKILL TO RHINEBECK. HUDSON ElVER EOUTE. WEST BANK. Milton Ferry, or Bamegat, 71 miles from New York. Fa- mous for the great quantity of raspberries raised in the vicinity. New Paltz Landing, opposite Poughkeepsie, 75 miles from New York. Large Ice Houses on the river bank. John Astor's summer resi- dence. Mr. Pell's great apple orchard, with 25,000 fruit-bearing trees. Port Ewen, or Deserted Vil- lage. Rondout, pop. 20,000. Now City of Kingston. Point of de- parture from Hudson River for Southern CatskiJls. Terminus of Ulster & Delaware R. R., Walkill Valley R.R., and Dela- w^are & Hudson Canal. Lnpor- tant etation West Shore Railway with Catskill Mountain conueo tions. Saugerties, pop. 5,000, at mouth of Esopus Creek. Maiden — with " Plattekill Clove" west. Evesport, above Maiden. West Camp Island. EAST BANK College Hill, north-east of city. Poughkeepsie Water Works, in north part of the city, near river. Hyde Park, 80 miles from New York. Named in honor of Gen. Edward F. Hyde, one of the early British Governors of New York. Placentia, former home of the late James K. Paulding, one mile north of Hyde Park. Dr. Hussack's estate, with Corinthian pillars. Esopus Island, 2 miles north of Hyde Park. Staatsburg, 85 mUes from New York. " Wildercliff ," built by Rev. Freeborn Garrettson. Rhine Cliff', 90 miles from New York— Western terminus of the Hartford & Connecticut Western R. R. Rhinebeck Vil- lage, two miles east of the river, Barrytown, 96 miles from N. Y. Rokeby, residence of Williaiu B. Astor. Montgomery Place, one mile north of Barrytown, built by the widow of Gen. Richard Mont- gomery, who was killed at the storming of Quebec in 1775. Cruger's Island, two miles north of Barrytown, with ruins brought from Italy. U RHINEBECK TO HUDSON HUDSON RIVFK ROUTE. WEST BANK. •' Four-County Island," junc- tioa of Dutchess, Columbia, Greene, and Ulster counties. Catskill Mountains, 4,000 feet above the sea. Indian name, " Onti Ora," or " Mountains of the Sky." Round Top, the highest peak of the Catskills, 4,000 feet above the river. Hotel Kaaterskill, 3,500 feet above the river. Catskill Mountain House, white building on the moun- tain, 3,000 feet above the river. Catskill Village, 111 miles from New York. Pop. 4,000. Ferry to CatskiU Station, West Shore and Catskill Mountains Eailway stations. Principal podnt of deiJarture from the river for the northern Catskill Mountains. Prospect Park Hotel, on bhiff near the landing, 250 feet above the river. Athens, opp. Hudson. Four-Mile Point, 125 feet high. Coxsackie, pop. 2,500, 123 miles from New York, EAST BANK. Tivoli, 100 miles from N. Y. Place where first steamboat, t]ie Claremont, was built by R. Fulton. " Claremont," original Living stou Manor. German town, 105 miles from New York. Livingston, New York. 109 miles from 19 Catskill Station. Church, the artist, has a fine residence on the high point oppo site Catskill. Residence of John E. GiUette, Esq., nearer the river. Roger's Island, behind which the shipping of the New York merchants was concealed during the Revolution. Mount Merino, two miles above, just south of the City of Hudson, 115 miles from New Y'ork, pop. 10,000. Extensive Iron Works near river. The Hudson and Chat- ham Branch of the Boston and Albany R. R. terminates here. Stockport, four miles north of Hudson. HUDSON TO ALBANY. HUDSON EIVEE EOUTE. EAST BANK. Newtown Hook and Prospect Grove. Stuyvesant, formerly Kinder- hook Landing. Schodac Island, 8 miles long. Schodac Village, opposite Coeyman's. Nine-Mile Tree. C'astleton, 135 miles from New York. Overslaugh, or Castleton Bar, extends about two miles up the river. Campbell's Island, with light on the south end. Greenbush, or East Albany, connected with Albany by two fine railroad bridges. Troy, six miles above Green- bush, 150 miles from New York. Population, 50,000. Extensive iron works just south of the city. Seat of Kensselaer Polytech- nic Institute. Large building on the hill, with four pointed towers, is a Roman Catholic institution. At Albany passengers leave the steamer and take the Delaware & Hudson Canal Co.'s R. R. for Saratoga Springs, Lake George, Lake Champlain, Adirondacks, Montreal and Canada. Omni- buses convey passengers to the railroad depot. 20 ST BANK. New Baltimore — here begins the government dykes. Beeren, or Bear Island — meet- ing-point < f the four counties of Albany, Rensselaer, Colum- bia, and Greene — site of the "Castle of Rensselaerstein," from whose wall Nicholas Kroon, the agent of Killian Van Rensselaer, the Patroon, compelled passing vessels to dip their colors and pay tribute, or take the chances of being sunk by the ordnance of the fort. Coeyman's, Helderberg Moun- tains to the west. Shad Island, north of Coey- man's, three miles long — old Indian fishing ground. Albany, 144 miles from New York. Pop. 90,000. Toward the south we see the buildings of the Convent of the Sacred Heart, Almshouse, and further north the Cathedral, State House, City Hall, etc. Two ex- tensive railroad bridges cross the river at this place. Both are over 4,000 feet in length. Principal hotels are the Dele- Van, Kenmore and Stanwix. ALBANY AND TROY TO SARATOGA. HUDSOlSr EIVER ROUTE. THE HUDSON EIVER EOUTE. JERSEY CITY AND HOBOKEN. As the steamer leaves her wharf and turns her head to the north, Jersey City and Hoboken are seen to the westward. The limit of the latter place is marked by a rocky promontory known as Castle Hill, on which stands the mansion of the Stevens fam- ily. In the vicinity of Hoboken are many elegant residences of wealthy New Yorkers, but the rapid increase of population is fast depriving them of the almost rural eeclusion which they have un- til recently enjoyed, and the ornamental g-rounds which for a long time beautified the ridge back of the town are out up into city lots. On the east side of the river is New York, with its appar- ently interminable line of wharves and rows of warehouses, stretching northward as far as the eye can reach, and ending in a forest of masts toward the south, beyond which are the gray walls of Castle William on Governor's Island, and still further the waters of New York Bay, the Narrows, and Staten Island. The scene is always full of life and variety, and at certain times when wind and tide are favorable, the waters are alive witn craft of all sizes, making for their various destinations all over the world, and seemingly in constant danger of collision. WEEHAWKEN. North Bergen, Bergen Co. , N. J. Between Hoboken and Weehawken are the Elysian Fields, for- mei'ly a beautiful park, but now retaining few traces of tne rural walks which once made it a favorite resort of Now Yorkers. It continues to be visited by large numbers of pleasure-seekers, but the attractions are mainly such as are afforded by base-ball matches, boat races, and other athletic sports. The Indian name was Weehawk, but custom has added the termination now inva- riably affixed. The scene of the duel between Alexander Hamil- ton and Aaron Burr is in Weehawken. The spot was formerly marked by a monument, but some reckless person destroyed it. It is a green plateau raised a few feet above the river just below the precipitous clifE that marks the southern end of the Palisades, 80 HTJDSON EIVEK ROUTE. or " Great Chip-Rock" as it was called by the Dutch. It is a short distance above the point where a steep bank approaches the shore of the river. The fatal quarrel between these two promi- nent men was a political one, and was marked by great malignity on the part of Burr. Weehawken is the southern terminus of the New York, West Shore and Buffalo Railway, completed and opened for travel during the summer of 1883. The New York stations are at Jay Street and W. 42d street. Leaving Weehawken this railway leads throvigh a long tunnel to the Hackensack Valley, west of the Palisades, reaching the Hudson River again at Haverstraw Bay. M A NHAT T ANVILLE is a part of New York. The name is applied to the neighbor- hood of 132d Street. The conspicuous building on high ground, a little south of Manhattanville, is the Lunatic Asylum. It is Burrounded by about forty acres of ornamental grounds, which are devoted to the use of the inmates of the Asylum. Nearer the river is the Claremont Hotel, where in former years lived Viscount Courtenay, afterward Earl of Devon. Joseph Bona- parte occupied the house during the first year of his exile in this country. It is now a popular resort for frequenters of the Blooraingdale Road. CARMANSVILLE. At 152d Street is another suburb of New York, and, being fur- ther from the city, contains more of the elements of a rural dis- trict. The distinguished naturalist Audubon lived here for many years, and is buried in Trinity Cemetery near by. The large building surmounted by a dome a little above Carmansville is the New York Institution for the Deaf and Dumb. It stands on the southern slope of Washington Heights, commanding a wide view, and surrounded by spacious and cultivated grounds. The build- ings are in the form of a quadrangle, and are capable of accom- modating 450 pupils. The institution is the oldest of its kind in the country, excepting that at Hartford, Conn. It was incorpo- rated Apiii 15, 1817. FORT WASHINGTON. 10 miles from New York. That portion of Manhattan Island known by the name of Washington Heights is the only part which retains, to any great 21 HUDSON RIVER ROUTE. degree, the natural attractions which formerly rendered the whola island so beautiful. The grading and leveling of city engineers has not yet reached this charming region, although it is pene- trated by streets in every direction, and contains elegant resi- dences throughout its whole extent. The fortification after which this place is named was an extensive earthwork occupyinj^ the crown of Washington Heights, and commanding the rivei above and below, as well as the neighboring country. It formed the end and citadel of an irregular line of works extending along the northern part of the island. The point extending into the river under Washington Heights is Jeffrey's Hook, and among its cedars are mounds which mark the site of a redoubt built at the same time with the neighboring fortifications. These works, with their garrison of 2,700 men, were captured by the British after a sharp resistance, on Nov. 15, 1776. This was the second defeat of the Americans in New York, and was a severe blow to the friends of the republic in this vicinity. FORT LEE. Hackensack^ Bergen Co., N. /., 10 to. fr. New Fork. The traveler is now opposite the lower end of the Palisades, which stretch in an unbroken wall of columnar trap rock for 15 miles along the river. These rocks vary in height from 800 to 500 feet above the water, and are crowned by a heavy growth of timber. Houses are already beginning to be erected along the edge of this cliff, which commands a wide and beautiful view of the river and its shores, including Manhattan Ishiud and the East River to Long Island Sound. Doubtless before many years a con- tinuous line of villas will crown the top of this remarkable ridge. Fort Lee stood on the summit of the ridge at its southern ex- tremity. A little village now occupies its site, and large hotels for the entertainment of excursion parties rise one above auother on the slope of the declivity. The remains of the fort are scarce- ly discernible, and cannot be seen at all from the river. This fort was occupied by the Americans until after the British had captured Fort Washington in 1776, when it also was aband- oned, and the Americans retreated across the State of New Jersey. 22 linnSON RIVKK KOUTE. The large white building with two towers, standing in the gorge at the beginning of the Palisades, is the Fort Lee Park Hotel. The large octagon building at the base of hill is a Pavilion. The building on dock is a large waiting-room for the accommodation of daily excursionists who frequent the popular resort by a line of boats running from Canal, 24th, and 34th Streets, New York, and ferry from Manhattanville, 125th Street. The hotels, steam- boats, and Manhattanville ferry are all owned and managed under the head of the Fort Lee Park and Steamboat Company, with George L. Huggins, of the Co.sraopolitan of New York, as pro- prietor of the hotel. SPUYTEN DUYVIL. New Turk City and Co. , 12 in. fr. New York. The cluster of houses on the upper side of the creek whose mouth is here seen, is known as Spuyten Duyvil, but the name was originally applied only to the creek itself, which connects Harlem River with the Hudson, thereby forming Manhattan Is- land. Through tbis estuary tide-water flows, the currents meet- ing at or near Kingsbridge, about a mile from the Hudson. Here the main line of the Hudsoti River Railroad strikes the shore of the river, curving sharply through a deep rock-cutting, just north of the bridge. The branch which crosses the bridge is used mostly for freight, but has also a passenger station at 81st Street. The main passenger terminus is at the Grand Central Depot at 42d Street and Fourth Avenue. The name Spuyten Duyvil is ascribed by the veracious Diedrich Knickerbocker (Washington Irving), to Anthony Van Corlear, the redoubtable Dutch trumpeter, who, be- ing bound on an important mission to the mainland, and finding himself unaV)le to procure a boat, swore that " en spnyt den duy- vil " he would swim the creek. He plunged in, and when mid- way across was observed to struggle violently, until no longer able to resist the Duyvil, who was doubtless tugging at his legs, he raised his trumpet to his lips, gave a loud blast, and sank for- ever to the bottom. However it obtained its name, the vicinity is interesting. The creek formed the southern boundary of the famous neutral ground of revolutionary times, where the regular troojis of the American and British armies were continually mak- ing raids. At Kingsbridge, redoubts were thrown up on both ~3 The Palisadu. HUDSON KIVER ROUTE. sides of the creek, and on December 19, 1780, an encounter took place between the Americans and a large detachment of British and Hessians, which led to no decisive result. Another skirmish occurred here in 1776, between a party of American stragglers and a Hessian guard, in which the former gained the advantage. Prior to these events, Hendrick H\idson and the Manhattan In- dians had a long-sustained fight just at the moiith of the creek, where Hudson anchored the "Half-Moon," in October, 1609. The Indians tried to board the yacht from their canoes, but were repulsed. Opposite SiDuyten Duyvil is Lydecker Peak, one of the highest points of the Palisades, which projects somewhat into the river. Upon this peak stood the magnificent Palisades Mountain House, in full view from the railroad and river. It was one of the finest summer hotels on the Hudson, and owing to the charming scenery it commanded, the beautiful drives about it, its nearness to New York, its ease of access, and the superb style in which it was kept, it was a very popular resort for New Yorkers. It was burned June 3d, 1884. From the dock at the foot of the Palisades a fine car- riage road leads over the heights to Englewood, N. J. This Pal- isades dock is reached by steamboats from Harrison street, New York, or by rail from 30th street depot to Inwood, on the Hud- son liiver Ilailroad, whence a steam feri-y crosses the river. RIVERDALE. New York Ciiy and Co., 14 m. Jr. City Hall. This village is composed almost entirely of the country resi- dences of gentlemen doing business in New York, and is one of the most beautiful suburbs of the great metropolis. About a mile and a half above lliverdale is Mt. St. Vincent, a Roman Catholic educational institution, under the immediate control of the Sis- ters of Charity, who purchased Font Hill, as the place was called, from the celebrated tragedian, Edwin Forrest. The castellated structure of dark stone, built by Forest as a private residence, is now part of the Mt. St. Vincent Academy, though, unfortunately, the two buildings are architecturally inharmonious. These build- ings are at the northernmost limit of the citj' of New York. From Eiverdale north for twenty miles the east bank of the Hudson is covered with the elegant country seats of New York merchants. 24 HUDSON KIVKR ROUTE, YONKERS. Westchester Co., N. 7"., 17 m. fr. New York. Yonkers is a flourishing town at the mouth of the Neperah or Saw-Mill Eiver. The former name was given by the Indians, and signifies *' rapid-water village,'' aptly describing the series of falls and rapids with which the stream joins the Hudson. The town is largely composed of the residences of city business men. Hen- drick Hudson anchored off Yonkers when ascending the river in September, 1009. and was visited by large numbers of Indians with whom he traded. In the evening the tide set strongly up stream, which confirmed Hudson in the belief that he was in a passage between two oceans. The name Yonkers is derived from the Dutch " Yonk-heer," signifying the heir of a family. The greater part of this region was purchased from the Van der Donck family, to whom it was originally granted by Frederick Philipse. The old " Philipse Manor " still exists, and is a most attractive object for those interested in relics of the olden time. The manor stands within the town of Yonkers. The older portion was built in 1G82, and the more modern portion in 1745. It is probably the finest specimen of an old-fashioned mansion in the country. The interior decorations have been scrupulously preserved, and are very quaint and curious. In this old Hall was born Mary Philipse, the belle of her day and the early love of Washington. She chose to marry another, Roger Morris; but it is said that Washington al- ways cherished the memory of the beautiful heiress of Philijose Manor. HASTINGS. Greenburg, WesteJiester Co.^ JSf. 7"., 31 tn.fr. Neio York. About midway between Yonkers and Hastings, on the opposite side of the River, is the highest point of the Palisades, nearly 500 feet above the river. It is known as " Indian Head," and from it may be obtained a wide view over the neighboring country. Hastings is similar in its characteristics to Yonkers, and contains many beautiful country-seats. It is said to have been a favorite resort of Garibaldi's when the Liberator of Italy kept a soap and candle factory on Staten Island. The country in the vicinity is diversified, and intersected by excellent roads, which reuder the HTJDSON RIVER EOTJtE. rides and drives in every direction most attractive. A British force, under Cornwallis, crossed the river at this place in 1776^ joined another force in capturing Fort Lee, and then pursued the Americans to the Delaware River. D06BS' FESBY. Greenburg, Westchester Co. , iV". T., 22 m. fr. New York. A village of considerable size, containing villas and cottages of tasteful and ele.^ant appearance. The village is named after a ferry which was kept in olden times between this place and Pier- mont, opposite, by one Dobbs, a Swede. An attempt was made some years since to have this name changed to "Paulding," as being both more euphonious and appropriate. The proposition led to quite a controversy in the newspapers ; but public opinion decided, for the time at least, in favor of the old Swedish ferry- man. The river here widens into Tappan Bay, or as it was called by the Dutch, Tappan Zee. This bay extends to Croton Point, having an average width of nearly four miles. Dobbs' Ferry is well known in Revolutionary annal.s. The British concentrated their forces here after their dearly-bought victory at White Plains, five miles east. This battle took place in October, 1776. In 1777 a division of the American army, under General Lincoln, was en- camped here for several months. The Commission sent by Sir Henry Clinton to intercede for the life of the unfortunate spy, Major Audre, landed here and held a long but unsuccessful con- sultation with General Greene, the president of the court which condemned him to death. Greene met the Chief of the Commis- sion by permission of General Washington, only in the character of a private gentleman ; but although both friend and foe desired to save Andre's life, the conference proved unavailing. Dobbs' Ferry was the first place appointed for a meeting between Andre and Arnold. The plan, however, was not successfully carried out PIERMONT. Orangetown, Rooklaud Co., N. Y.. 24: m.fr. New York. A short distance below Piermont is the line between New York and New Jersey, near which the Palisades recede from the shore and lose their precipitous character. The ridge continues, how HUDSO^f RlVKR ROUTE. ever, in a series of hills reaching, in some places, a height of nearly 700 feet, but nowhere resuming the peculiar palisade formation. The long pier which projects into the river from this place is the terminus of a branch of the Erie Railway, which connects with the main line at Suffern. 18 miles west. Two miles back of Pier- mont is Tappan, where, on October 2, 178), Major Andre was tried, condemned, and executed. (See page 29.) We may here call attention to the beautiful "Arbor Vitae" (Thuja Occiden- talis), which is frequently seen, singly or in groves, along the banks. It is, in fact, the common white cedar, which in this vicinity assumes a beautiful pencil-like habit of growth, and forma a distinctive feature of the landscape. IKVINGTON, Greenburg^ Westchester County, N. T., 2im.fr. New York. Is a village of comparatively recent growth, inhabited, in great part, by the families of gentlemen whose place of business is in New York. The river is here about three miles wide, and the sloping hills that look over this tranquil bay are literally covf red with beautiful villas and charming grounds. At no point on the Hudson are there more evidences of wealth and refinement, and this locality around Irvington is noted as one of the most aristo- cratic suburbs of the great metropolis. Many of these palatial structures are furnished with the choicest thit art and wealth can produce, and are the abodes of luxury, culture, and the most exquisite taste. The village is named in honor of Washington Ir- ving, the genial author whose pen has done so much to preserve whatever is interesting in the traditionary history of the Hudson River. " Sunnyside," the home of Irving during the last years of his life, is a little north of the village, and glimpses of the pic- turesque house and grounds may be caught from the steamer as it passes. This house, with its quaint Dutch gables, includes the original building known to readers of Irving's works as '* Wolfert's Roost," where Ichabod Crane courted the lovely Katrina Van Tassel, as related in the " Legend of Sieepy Hollow." Irving died November 28, 1859, and was buried in the cemetery near Tarrytown, in that very " Sleepy Hollow" which his graceful pea has made forever famous. HUDSON KIVICU KOUTE. TARRYTOWN. Oreenhurg and Mt. Pleasant. Wtstchesto- Co., K r.,29 m.fr. New Yark. Tarrytown is delightfully situated on a hillside overlooking the river and the Palisades to the southward, and commanding a dis- tant view of the Ramapo Mountains and the Hudson Highlands to the west and north. The whole town is thickly studded with dwellings of eveiy size and every style of beauty. Prominent among these is the white marble edifice known as Paulding Manor, which stands just below the town. It was built by de- scendants of Commodore Paulding, and is one of the finest speci- mens of the Elizabethan style of architecture in this country. It has passed out of the possession of the Paulding family. A little above Tarrytown is the Pocantico, a small stream flowing through the valley, called by the Dutch " Slaeperigh Haven," and translated into English as " Sleepy Hollow." About half a mile from the mouth of this stream is an old Dutch church, which is a curiosity in its way. It is the oldest church edifice in the State of New York, having been built in 1G99. Its walls con- tain bricks which were imported from Holland when the church was erected. The old bell hangs in the belfry, on whose pointed roof an iron vane still turns, bearing the monogram of the founder of the church, Frederick Philipse, whose mansion, known as '■Philipse Castle," stands on the banks of the stream not far distant. This is the dwelling whence the Philipse family moved when the mansion at Yonkers was built. To the eastward of the church is the valley of Sleepy Hollow, and the identical bridge, or at least its successor, over which the Headless He.^sian pursued Ichabod Crane, as related by Irving in the " Legend of Sleepy Hollow." Between this bridge ami Tarrytown the road crosses " Andre's Brook," and near by stands a monument marking the spot where he was captured. A suitable inscription gives the leading facts connected with that event. 38 HUDSON EIVEE KOUTE. ANDR^ AND AENOLD. The story of Arnold's treason and of Andre's capture and exe- cution is one of the most interesting and at the same time one of the saddest in our history. Benedict Arnold was a major-general in the American armj', having won his position by distinguished gallantry and zeal. It is not necessary here to trace the successive steps which led to his fall. Suffice it to say that certain acts of his while in command at Philadelphia led to his trial by court-martial. He was sentenced to be reprimanded, but the sentence, mild as it was, embittered hiin toward his country, and he began to take steps toward opening a correspondence with the enemy. Assigned to the command of West Point and vicinity, he soon began nego- tiations for surrender to Sir Henry Clinton. Finally arrange- ments were made for a meeting with Major John Andre, Adju- tant-General of the British army. The British sloop of war " Vul- ture " was sent up to Teller's Point with Andre on board. On the second night he landed on the west side of the river, just below Stony Point, and meeting Arnold consulted with him until day- light. Their plans were incomplete when day broke, and Arnold persuaded his companion to go with him to a tory house near by. Horses were at hand, provided, and the two rode together through the dark woods. Presently they were challenged by a sentry, and then Andre perceived that he was within the enemy's line. They went on, however, and entered the house. As soon as daylight was sufficiently clear, an American gun opened fire on the " Vulture " from Teller's Point, and the vessel weighed anchor and dropped down the river. Andre was in uniform, but in ordei' to provide against discovery he put ou a plain coat, and by this act assumed the disguise which deprived him of his official character, and ren- dered him open to conviction as a spy. In the course of the day plans for the surrender of the garrisons about West Point were completed, and Andre became anxious to regain the British lines. Being unable to get a boat to take him down to the '' Vulture," he was forced to take the land route. Accordingly he crossed King's Ferry, and on the strength of Arnold's passes passed all the regular American outposts. On this particular morning, 29 HUDSON KIVER ROUTE. however, three volunteers had agreed to vs'atch the road at Tarry- town, and on Andre's appearance halted him, and made him dis- mount, and discovered inside his stockings the evidences of his mission. Andre oflEered bribes to a large amount if they would let him go, but the stern patriots refused, and marched him ofE to the nearest American post. The commanding officer, Colonel Jamieson, was very near sending prisoner, papers, and all to Ar- nold, but Major Tallmadge persuaded him to send only a letter detailing the circumstances of the arrest. This Arnold received while at breakfast. He immediately left the table, ordered his horse. Baying that he was wanted down the river, rode to Beverly Dock (see page 37), and leaping into a boat went down the river to the "Vulture." Andre at once wrote to Washington, frankly telling the whole truth, and closing with the words " Thus was I betrayed (being Adjutant-General of the B. army) into the vile condition of an enemy in disguise within your posts." Washington convened a court, which tried Audrc at Tappan. The accused so freely ad- mitted all the charges and specifications, that it was not necessary to examine a single witness, and the court, after long deliberation, reluctantly sentenced him to death. Much sympathy was felt for Andre throughout the American camp, but everyone acknowl- edged that under the circumstances no leniency should be shown. An informal proposition was made to exchange him for Arnold, but neither Washington nor Sir Henry Clinton would officially consider this plan, and on October 2, 1780, Andre was hung. In 18. i2 his remains were removed to England, and a monument st:inds in Westminster Abbey on which the sad story is inscribed. Arno:d wa.s made a Mijor-General in the British array, and re- ceived £10,000, the price of his treason, but was despised even by his brother I'fficers, and died with haidly a friend to mourn his loss. Monuments have been erected to the memory of Paulding and Van W art, two of the men engaged in Andre's capture at rcekskill aii.l Tarry town. In 1S78 the Rev. Arthur Penrhyn Stanley, Dean of Westminster, visited this country, and secured permission to have a stone, bearing a suitable inscription, raisttcl to Andre's memory on the place of his execution. 30 HUDSON EIVER ROUTE. NYACK. Orangetown, Rockland Co.^ N. F., 37 m.fr. New York. Nearly opposite Tarrytown, at the foot of a precipitous hill. On the western side of the Tappan Zee the mountains sweep back from Piermont in the form of a semicircle, and meet the river again at the noithern extremity of the Zee, in a series of liluffs familiarly known as the Hook, almost as imposing as the Rock of Gibraltar, which it strongly resembles in outline and goneral appearance. Within this semicircle — one of the loveliest spots on the river — nestles the village of Nyack, which is rapidly growing into a large suburban town. The Rip Van Winkle sleep which seems to have possessed this part of the western shore ot the river from time immemorial, has been very properly disturbed by the extension of the Northern Railway to Nyack, and now all is bustle and activity. Looking out from the promontory which extends into the " Zee," on a point nearly central between Pier- mont and the Hook, is the Tappan Zee Hotel. SING SING. Osmiing, Westchester Co.. K F., 33 m.fr. New York. This town is on the east bank, and a large part of its houses command an extensive view down the river. Sing Sing is gener- ally known as the site of the State Prison, to which inost of the convicts of New York City are sent. The white prison buildings will be readily recognized at the lower end of the town. The marble of which these buildings are constructed is the kind known as dolomite. It is quarried near by, and the prisons have been built by the convicts themselves. The main building was ready for occupation in 1839, but has received improvements and addi- tions since. In connection with the prison, the name of Capt. Elam Lynds should not be forgotten. This officer took charge of a party of one hundred convicts at Auburn, brought them to Sing Sing (there were no railroads in those days), and set them to work to wall themselves in, which in due time was accom- plished, and thus Sing Sing prison was begun. Capt. Lynds was a natural disciplinarian, and is said to have brought the hundred men from Auburn with the aid of only a few guards. Opposite 81 HUDsox eivj:k koutk Sing Sing is a high hill, projecting somewhat into the river. This is known V)y its old Dutch name of " Verdritege Hook." Tho name signifies " grievous," and was given in consequence of the frequent squalls which beset the sailor in this neighborhood. " Rockland Lake" lies on one of the shoulders of this mountain. This lake is about half a mile from the river, and 300 feet above it. Large quantities of ice are cut from its surface every winter. The slide by which the ice is sent down to be loaded on barges may be seen near the landing, leading straight u}) the hillside to the lake shore. The peculiar sharp pointed peak near by is known aa the ' ' High Tom. " The West Shore Railway makes its appearance at this point on the Hudson, on the side of High Torn Mountain opposite Croton Point. TELLES S AND CROTON BOINTS. Cortland, Westc/ie.ster Co., N. Y., ddm.fr. New York. The extremity of this tongue of land, projecting far into the river from its eastern bank, is known as " Teller's Point." "Cro- ton Point " is that portion nearer the shore of the river. It sepa- rates Tappan Bay from Haverstraw Bay. OS this point the "Vulture" anchored when she brought Andre to meet Arnold, and from thence the gun was brought to bear which drove that vessel down the river. Croton Point is now occupied by the vine- yards of Dr. Underhill, whose pure wines are much used for med- icinal purposes. Just below Teller's Point is the mouth of Croton River, which .supplies New York with water. This stream has a wide mouth, sometimes called Croton Bay, which was partly filled 11 ;> in 1841 by the washing away of the Croton Reservoir dam. 'J"i;> .ork was, however, pressed forward, and in 1S42 water was sui r. id to the city through the Croton pipes. The aqueduct is bui'. ■. f solid masonry, and follows the course of the Hudson at an .i.v*^rage distance of about a mile from its shore. This aque- du' : < capable of discharging 60,000,000 gallons per day into the receiving reservoir in the Central Park, New York. The entire cost of the Croton works at their completion was about $14,000,- 000. Since that time great improv ments and additions have been made., to meet the J ^mands of the growing city. It is esti- mated tbat the Croton River will supply water enough for New York even if the city should reach five times its present size. 33 HUDSON EIVEK ROUTE. HAVERSTRAW. Hmerstraw, Rocklaiid Co., N. F., 36 m. fr. New York. For a few miles below Haverstraw, the summits of the High- lands are distinctly in sight, up the river, although their bases are hidden by intervening hills. The long ridge- like elevation, to- ward which the boat heads, is the " Donderberg," near 1,000 feet in height. Haverstraw is the village seen on a high bank, or plateau, on the west side of the river, which above Croton Point spreads out into the wide and beautiful expanse known as Haver- straw Bay." Extensive brick kilns line the river bank. Haver- straw is an important station of the West Shore Railroad. VERPLANCK'S POINT AND STONY POINT. These two points mark the upper end of Haverstraw Bay. •' Stony Point " is on the west side of the river, a bold rocky em- inence, having a lighthouse on its summit. Opposite, on the east side of the river, is " Verplanck's Point," which may be recog- nized by several large brick-making establishments, with their kilns and drying-houses. Just below Stony Point is "Grassy Point," and opposite to it " Montrasse's Point." Between Stony and Verplanck's Point the river is only half a mile wide, which fact, together with the commanding positions afforded by the neighboring hills, rendered this an important pass during the Revolutionary War. Long previous to that war a ferry was es- tablished here known as "King's Ferry," forming an important avenue of communication between the Eastern and Middle States. The importance of the Hudson River as a base of operations and as a natural boundary was early recognized by Washington, and here, as at Washington Heights, fortifications were erected com- manding the river. A short distance southwest of Stony Point is Treason Hill, whereon stands Smith's house, in which Andre and Arnold completed their scheme for the surrender of West Point, and whence Andre started to cross King's Ferry, on his fatal jour- ney toward New York. North of Stony Point a high limestone cliff rises from near the water's edge. At its foot are the " Tomp- kins Lime Kilns," looking like a stone fortress with arched case- mates. These quarries have been worked for many years, and vast quantities of slaked lime are annually shipped to market. Be- sides the lime, between 30,ODO and 40,000 tons of gravel, too coarse for .slaking, are used for ro id.s in the Central Park, New York, and other public highways in the vicinity. 33 HUDSON KIVER ROUTE. THE CAPTURE OF STONY POINT. The forts located at Stony Point were held by the Americana until June 1, 1779, when they were simultaneously invested by a British force commanded by Sir Henry Clinton. No direct attack was made on Fort Lafayette, the work on Verplanck's Point, until after the evacuation of Stony Point. The garrison at the latter place numbered only 40 men, and abandoned the work on the approach of an overwhelming force of the British, who quietly took possession, ran up the cross of St. George on the flagstaff, and opened fire on Fort Lafayette with the captured guns. At the same time Gen. Yaughan attacked on the east side of the river, and the weak garrison of 70 men was soon forced to surrender. The loss of this position was a severe blow to the Americans, compelling them to make a wide dJtour in order to keep up their communications. General Anthony Wayne at once requested and obtained permission to storm Stony Point, and at midnight on the lath of July, 1779, led two columns of picked men to the assault. They advanced undiscovered until they were close upon the British picket, wliich of course gave the alarm, and the garrison turned out. The parapet was manned, and a scathing fire of grape and musketry swept the hillside ; but " Mad Anthony " was at the head of his column, and, within half an hour after the first shot, carried the works at the bayonet's point, capturing the entire garrison with its stores. Wayne was knocked over, but not seriously injured, by a musket ball. The next morning a cannonade was opened on the works at Verplanck's Point, and continued through the day. Re-enforcements were sent to the British, and it soon became evident that sufficient force to hold Stony Point could not he spared by the Americans. They therefore dismantled and abandoned the fort, and it passed again into British hands. They, however, in turn abandoned the position in October, and from that time the Americans retained possession. On the one hundredth anniversary of the capture of Stony Point, commemorative exercises were held on the spot and the battle was fought over again, the cadet battalion from West Point participating. .8d HUDSON RIVER ROtTTK PEEESEILL. Cortland, Westchester Co., 17. F. , 43 m. fr. New York. Soon after rounding Verplanck's Point, Peekskill may be seen near the Highlands, on the east bank of the river. At this point, in ascending the river, a stranger naturally infers that the stream follows the base of the high hills stretching to the eastward. This delusion is aided by the wide creek or inlet which opens in that direction. It will not therefore be thought strange that in early times Jan Peek, a Dutch skipper, steered his craft up this creek and in due time ran her hard and fast aground. Jan looked about him, and seeing that the land was good, concluded to remain, which he accordingly did, and the place is called Peekskill unto this day. The village is a pleasant one, and within easy reach of all interesting parts of the Highlands. The Rev. Henry Ward Beecher has a country residence a little east of the village. Fort Independence stood, during Revolutionary times, on the point above Peekskill, where its ruins may still be seen. And on the point below is the Franciscan Convent Academy of " Our Lady of Angels." The village on the point opposite Peeks- kill is Caldwel.'s Landing. Above it rise the rocky and weather- beaten crags of the Donderberg, or Thunder Mountain, around which, at the close of a sultry summer day, black clouds are wont to gather, casting a deep inky blackness over mountain and river, while muiterings of thunder are echoed from peak to peak, with such strange and confused rumblings that we can hardly wonder at the superstitions which, according to Irving, peopled the hills with a crowd of little imps in sugar-loaf hats and short doublets, who were seen at various times " tumbling head over heels in the rack and mist," and bringing down frightful squalls on such craft as failed to drop the peaks of their mainsails in salute to the Dutch goblin who kept the Donderberg. As the boat passes Peekskill the view up stream becomes truly magnifi- cent. On the east shore, on a wide plateau, is the State Encamp- ment, where the regiments of the National Guard of the State of New York encamp once a year, in July or August, for drill and in- spection. AbovetheDonderbergis Anthony's Nose, 1,200 ft. high. In the " History of New York," Irving gives an amusing account of the origin of this name. Another says it was once compared 35 BUBSOK RIVER ROUTE. the nose of one Anthony Hogans, the captain of a sloop, who possessed an unusually large nose, and thus the name obtained a local currency which eventually became fixed as the title of this majestic hill. Ou the west side of the river is- lona Island, on which were formerly extensive vineyards, and which now has a hotel and is a well-known place of resort. This island is the northernmost point which is reached by the sea-breeze. The effect upon vegetation is very noticeable in the spring of the year. The stream which may be seen falling into the river be- iow Anthony's Nose is known as " Brocken Kill." It is full of romantic cascades, almost from its mouth to its sources. FORTS CLINTON AND MONTGOMESY. Cornwall, Orange Co., N. T., 47 m.fr. New Yorlc. On the west side of the river, nearly opposite to Anthony's Nose, may be seen the mouth of Montgomery Creek. On the rocky heights above and below the creek stood Forts Clinton and Montgomery, which were in 1777 the principal defences of the Hudson. They were considered impregnable to an assault from the land side, and with the ordnance of the day they had little to fear from a naval attack. A heavy boom, made of a huge iron chain on timber floats, stretched across the river, and was made fast to the rocks at Anthony's Nose. This, it was thought, would effectually prevent the ascent of a ho-stile fleet. On October G, 1777, Sir Henry Clinton sent a strong detachment around and over the Donderberg to attack these forts in the rear. A demon- stration on the east side of the river had led General Putnam to aiitic'pate an attack on Fort Independence, near Peekskill, and a portion of the garrison at Fort Montgomery was temporarily withdrawn to strengthen that post. The British had a sharp skirmish with an American detachment at Lake Sinnipink, which is atill known among the inhabitants as "Bloody Pond." This attack was the first warning which aroused the garrison at the forts. In the course of the afternoon the forts were at- tacked, and the garrisons defended themselves gallantly until evening, when, it having become evident that they could not nold out, they took to the mountains, an orderly retreat being impossible, and so the greater part escaped. An American flo- 36 HUDSON RIVER ROtJTE. tilla, of two sloops and some smaller craft, which lay above the boom, was abandoned and burned to prevent its falling into the enemy's hands. The next morning the boom was destroyed, and the British fleet, with a detachment of troo^js, proceeded up the river. A short time afterward the British received the news of Burgoyne's surrender, and abandoned the forts. The West Shore K.. R. here crosses Montgomery Creek on a fine iron bridge. WEST POINT (^-"«d/«i/). Cornwall, Orange Co.^ N. Y., 51 m. fr. New York. Soon after passing the former site of Fort Montgomery, the gray ruius of Fort Putnam appear crowning the heights above West Point. A little cove may now be seen in the east bank of the river, where is a stone wharf, and two or three small build- ings. This is " Beverly Dock," from which Arnold started in his hasty flight to the "Vulture," which lay in Tappan Bay. On the hill, not far distant, is Robinson's house, where Arnold was breakfasting when he received the news of Andre's capture. Nearly opposite, and a little above Beverly Dock, Buttermilk Falls may bo seen breaking in snow-white foam over a black sloping rock. A considerable village stands on the stream above the fall, called Highland Falls. Cranston's Landing is about ona mile below the regular Goverument Laudiug at West Point. Several of the Steamboats that run on the Hudson make both landings, but the steamers of the Day Line make but the one stop at the government Dock at West Point. Stages for Cranston's Hotel and Highland Falls await the arrival of the Steamers at the West Point Landing, and at Cranston's. The carriage road from Cranston's to West Point runs along the side of the mountain, and affords very delightful views of the river, and the picturesque mountain region on the east side of the Hudson. The region is the most charming of any portion of the Hudson River. Cran- ston's Hotel, a favorite and fashionable resort during the summer months, is on a commanding height near the falls. This hotel is surrounded on all sides by the most charming walks and plensuie grounds. The West Shore Railway passes directly under the West Point parade-grounds, through a tunnel beginning on the South near the boat landing. 87 THE NEW YORK HOTEL. This long-established favorite hotel has been put in com- plete ORDER, AND WILL COMPARE FAVORABLY IN ALL RESPECTS WITH any first-class hotel in the united states. Situated on Broadway, between Washington and Waverley Places, occupying the entire block and a large house on block adjoining, connected by a bridge. Capacity, five hundred guests. A first-class restaurant has recently been opened to accommo- date guests and the public generally. The location is unsurpassed fob healthfulness and conven- ience OF access by surface and elevated railways to all parts OF the city. Conducted on both American and European plans. Price of rooms, with board, three dollars per day; without board, onk dollar and upward. H. CRANSTON, Proprietor. CRANSTON'S WEST POINT HOTEL, On Hudson— In the Highlands. H. CRANSTON, - _ _ Proprietor. Open from May 1 to November 1. •' Nature and art have combined to make West Point one of the most picturesque and attractive spots on the continent. "It does not seem possible for one to inhale the pure air of the Highlands, and enjoy the comforts provided by Mr. Cranston, without being made sensible of having received in many respects more or less benefit. " The complete appointments of the house, the high moral tone and standing of the guests, all serve to make a summer spent at Crnnston's West Point Hotel one of the most enjoyable ever passed." — Authok OF "Hudson Highlands." HUDSON KIVER ROUTE. THE UNITED STATES MILITARY ACADEMY. West Point is best known as the site of the United States Mili- tary Academy. Before the commencement of the present cen- tury, Washington suggested this place as well adapted for the establishment of such an institution, but no formal steps were taken by Congress until 1802. Ten years later, in 1812, the school was fairly established, and has ever since continued to in- crease iu importance and excellence. Few of the academy build- ings can be seen from a passing boat, the buildings being situated on an elevated plateau, about ISO feet above the river. This plateau is occupied by the various barracks, schools, arsenals, etc., connected with the institution bordering a broad parade open for military evolutions, parades, etc., and overlooked by the grand summits of the surrounding hills. There is no institution in the land better calculated to make a favorable impression on the visitor than this academy. The good order and strict disci- pline which prevail, however irksome they may be to the cadets, have the effect of imparting to them a mental and physical train- ing which they never forget. The most accomplished officers of the army are detailed as instructors, with a special professional staff appointed from civil life. Visitors properly introduced may be present at recitations and indeed observe all the elaborate organization that gives this famous military school its well- deserved fame. The life of a cadet is by no means an easy one. His physique must be perfect and his mental capacity of no mean order to enable him to pass successfully through the four years of study and military training. The average number of cadets is about 250. Candidates for admission are nominated by mem- bers of Congress and by the President, a certain number being fixed for each congressional district. These candidates report for examination in June of each year, and, if they are mentally and i)hysically qualified, are admitted as cadets, which is, in mili- tary rank, a grade below second lieutenant. The course of in- struction is very thorough and complete, especially in mathe- matics ; military tactics and operations bearing an important place. The best time to visit West Point is during the months of July and August when the cadets go into camp. Drills, 38 HUDSON RIVER ROUTE. parades, and guard-mountings are the order of the day, all being done in the best manner known to military science. West Point was the scene of no actual fighting during the Revolution, although it was fortified. A boom similar to that which waa prepared at Fort Montgomery was stretched across the river to Constitution Island which was also heavily fortified toward the latter part of the war, and remains of the old batteries may still be seen. This island is now owned by, and is the residence of Miss Warner, author of " The Wide, Wide World," etc. Of the fortifications on the west side of the river Fort Putnam is the most interesting. It is 590 feet above the river, and the vievr from its crumbling walls is exeeedingly fine. INDIAN F.VLLS, GARRISON, N. Y. GARRISON. Philipstaicn, Putnam Co.^ N. F., 50 m. fr. Neio York. Hot k l — lU4^^*- *' HUDSON KIVER ROUTE. limits of the town there is an extensive vein of gold-bearing quartz, which yields the precious metal in paying qnautitiea. The western terminus of the Hartford & Connecticut Western Uuilroad is at Rhine Cliff on the Hudson. This E. E. forms a (1ii 51 HUDSON RIVER ROUTE. LOT of New York, built an elegant house, a little south of the old one, where his mother continued to reside. Chancellor Living- ston's active sympathy with the cause of the Republic during the Revolution made him so obnoxious to the British, that when Gen- eral Vaughau burned Esopus he sent an expedition up the river to burn Claremont — the name of the Livings. on estate. They burned both the houses, but new and more elegant ones were at once erected near the ruins, and Claremont is still one of the fin- est country-seats on the river. Chancellor Livingston's name will always be associated with that of Robert Fulton. The ex- periments of Fulton would probably have been delayed for years had it not been for the generous aid of Chancellor Livingston. After a series of discouraging failures in Paris and New York, their efforts were crowned with success, and in September, 1807, the " Claremont " made her first trip from New York to Albany, bearing Fulton, the Chancellor, and others. CATSKILL. Gatskill, Greene Co., iV. Y., Ill m. fr. New York. pop. 4,000. Hotels — Pro»pect Park Hotel ; Irving House. Catskill Landing is at the end of a long causeway, reaching across the shallows, on the western shore. But little of the town can be seen from the river. Cats Kill enters the Hudson near by, winding through rocky bluffs, with a deep channel, which is nav- igable for large vessels a mile from its mouth. The Catskill JMountaiu Railroad runs from Catskill to Psilenville at the foot of the mountains. Passer gers for Mon tain, Kaaterskill and Laurel Houses take this railroad at the landing. The West Shore Railway crosses Catskill Creek on a high bridge in the western part of the village. It also connects with the Catskill Mount- ain railroad. The Prospect Park Hotel, on the high bluff overlooking the river and village, is the leading resort hotel of the town, and its commanding position and excellent man- agement have made it a popular summer resort. From the Prospect Park Hotel the views of the mountains on either side of the river are really sublime, and the combination of mountain, i-iv*T, and intervale scenery is marvelously beautiful and charm- ing. The rapidly-passing commerce of the Hudson adds a pano- HUDSON lilVER KOUTE. ramie effect, enlivening the scene and delig-hting the spectatoi with ever- varying views. The Prospei;t Park Hotel opens about the middle of June for the season. The Irving House is a new, cotnniodious hotel in the center of the village of Catskill, afford- ing excellent accommodations for very moderate prices. It is kept 0])en throughout the year. Hendiick Hudson anchored the ' ' Half- Moon " at the mouth of Cats Kill, on the 2Uth of September, 1(!')9, and was visited by large numbers of friendly Indians, who l)rought provisions of all sorts, in return for which as is stated by Juet, the historian of Hud.son's voyage, some' of them were made drunk. Thomas Cole, one of the pioneers of American Landscape Art, had his studio in this vicinity, whore he could study nature in her most beautiful forms. H-re he painted the celebrated allegorical series of pictuies known as "The Voyage of Life." Church, the great landscape paiitsr has a beautiful country-seit on the summit on the east side of the Hudson, oppo- sito f'ntskill. It comniands .some of tlie snli'iiunst river views. IRVING HOUSE, CATSKILL, N. Y. A large, commodious brick hotel iu tlie centre of the villa3;e. with first-claes ncc imiu xlations for travelers anrl tourists. Hot an 1 cold waie-, barker sliop. bata Dim.-, e:c. Boar I by the day or week. Ad Omnibus attends all Trains and B.ia's. wit'i an antliorizo 1 /\L;ent to give i iformatinn auil attend to the fcu^sts ot this hon.se. Parties desiring Country Cnard furni.'ibed with intormation Fe^'ardinj thj d.ffer^jut localities and iirices. H. A. PERSON, Proprietor, . Stamford Grand Gorge Q. Svo ir A R 1 c o *«> '\VpRt 7) L.. '^fllJ. r>T}5 ^«Lu 15 c\o fgb 'f^. : liill -^' r.ft^} Eaat SreenvUlo " •-■\#m>'i4. ^ :\va lV\3 >^ vW fv-^ ilEast. -^ trochoid lOxin: M floights. isonf Bit il,\reville Z^ I Jacksonville) "'%. .MUi;^-. |Marl'aretville ■)l '^W. #,. Station. ii!>yyy>ii- -!"■.■• !5»W> i.iDi'te ^'East'j ■■vr^V^ icwott ■>•.■.■■ ; ■_ ^XimoStrhtl'M .«,* o^' AV^V^JPlviskatom ludson u '"V \^\\^ ikei M^ sTE^i CLOVfe- ,<5!« anesvillf ^Chicliestel ^jWoodiaml.i/^ ?? -. ^.^sit ^«w '^ iPhc feeinpei '^M ;l^> PlieasanF Donning Q ^A/. ^ the com iiigt opei Moo KDf) broti by J mad Lam stud celel of I. conn fTx mmm bio>mi;t^ JRV X I ;\^ v A large, ncc >mm ■>< batli r )oi and Boa' tjii^sta of ' pejardinj J 'J "1'^ ;v ... \ HUDSON EIVEK ROUTE. THE CATSKILLS. The Catskill mountains have probably been seen and admired, if not visited, by more travelers than any other mountain group on the American continent. The mountains of this region belong to the great Appalachian range, which traverses the eastern por- tion of the United States from the States bordering on the Gulf of Mexico to the basin of the St. Lawrence River. Approaching within ten miles of a great natural highway, they have, since the earliest days of the settlement of the country, commanded the at- tention of all voyagers on the Hudson River, and, since the enor- mous increase of travel induced by modern multiplicatiou of rail- roads and steamboats, they are annually seen by millions and visited by thousands. Moreover, they have been celebrated in songc and story, and one of the most popiilar and successful actors of our time has made Irving's character of Rip Van Winkle, with the mountain region where he lived and slept, familiar to the English speaking world. The group of summits known under this name lies wiihia the couutiea of Greene, Ulster, ani Delaware, in New York. They are a part of the great mountain system which fol- lows the Atlantic seaboard from the Arctic regions almost to the Gulf of Mexico, and known at d fferent p irts of its course as the White Mountains, the Green Mountiiin^, tho Blue Ridge, etc., et3. In ascendiog the Hudson the firs!^. ]>o[ to'l divergence for moun- tain travel is Rondout (City of K ngstonK The landing made by the Day Line of Steamers is at Rhiueback, oa the east side of the river, whence a steam ferry convej's passengers across the river to Rondout. Here is the terminus of the Ulster & Delaware Railroad, following up the valley of the Esopus which skirts and penetrates the southern and western portion of the mountans. The opening of this road rendered access to this portion of the mountains so easy that numerous and excellent hotels have bi-en built in localities which the traveler could formerly reach o iy by a long and tedious stage route. The trauk rises by a steep gradient 184 feet above the river, .'md ahnost immediately comes in sight of Overlook Mo. mtain. In the nine miles which are passed before reaching West Hurley, the train climbs 53 J feet above the river. Before reaching the station the 54 HUDSON RIVER ROUTE. OVERLOOK MOUNTAIN HOUSE may be seen perched upon the shoulder of the mountain, and seem ing much nearer thau the railway will seem when viewed from above. The profile of the range is exceedingly fine from this point of view, and there are many who derive more enjoyment from looking ctt a mountain range than in looking />•(•>?« it. The stage road tends in a northerly direction after leaving the station, leaves the outlying range with its three summits, '' Tonche Hook.'' " Ticetenyck," and " Little Tonche " on the left, and soon begins the long ascent of Overlook Mountain. The hotel stands on a plateau 3,000 feet above tide water, and a little below the highest point of the mountain, and commands views toward all points of the compa.ss, that toward the south embracing a large portion of the Hudson Valley, and those in other directions commanding mountain and valley scenery in great variety and picturesqueness. Built in 1878, well furnished, and fitted with all the modern con- veniences, the Overlook has few rivals among mountain resorts. The thermometer averages 15 to 20 degrees lower than in New York. "Hay fever" and its attendant ills are never known a'^ this elevation. In Plattekill Clove, three miles north of the hotel, is a succession of waterfalls, and in every direction there are charm- ing walks to many points of interest. The Overlook may be reached, as we have seen, from Rondout by the Ulster & Delaware Rail- road. Kondout is reached from Nevv York by the Albany Day- line (see page 49), by the .steamers "J. W. Baldwin" and City of Kingston, daily, at 4 p. m., during the season, from the foot of Harrison Street. By the "Mary Powell" at 3.20 p.m., from foot of De.sbrosses Street, and by the " Ansonia," which leaves for Saugorties Tuesdays. Thursdays, and Saturdays from the foot of Franklin Str et. At Saugerties private carriages may be procured for the hotel. Rondout may be reached by rail via Hud.son River Railroad from New York, or via the Erie & Wall- kill Valley R. R. and West Shore R. R. from Jersey City. FJtOM West Hurley the railroad follows a westerly course passing Brodhead's Bridge where there are fine falls on the Esopus and an attractive view from the bluffs above the creek. SnoK.\N is picturesquely situated at a mountain gateway through which the Esopus rushes in rapids. " High Point 55 HUDSON RIVER ROrTE. Mountain," 3,1C0 feet high, is seen to the southward. The valley here takes a more northerly course, aud ou the west side of the track is seen a group of fine summits. The uonhernmost is the Wittenberg, and the next Mt. Cornell. The walk to the summit of these peaks is a favorite one with mountain climbers. At Boiceville the road reaches an elevation of GIG feet above tide -water. Mt. Pleas.\nt, 24 miles from Rondout, and 700 feet above the river, is the o;iening of the " Shandaken Valley," a mountain depression full of the most enchanting natural scenery. PiiCENiciA, 27 miles from Rondout, and nearly 800 feet above the Hudson, is a place of considerable resort, and the point of departure for Hunter and Tannersville, through Stony C!ove, a remarkable ravine, where it is said snow and ice can be found the year through. THE TEEMPES IIO'JoE is a fine new hotel just at the entrance to Stony Clove. It is on a terrace 300 feet broad and 1,500 long, and almost between Slide Mountain and Hunter Mountain, two of the hi.;he,st peaks in the Catskiils. The hotel will accommodate 20 ) guests, and has every modern convenience, with pure water direct from a mountain spring carried to every floor. A carriage road ascends to the summit of Mt. Tremper, affording a superb view of Shandaken Valley, the Lake Mohonk Gap, Wittenberg, Cross Mountain and an assembly of mountains too many for enumeration here. At Fox Hollow the elevation is 990 feet. Before reaching the station a bridge is crossed at the entrance of Woodland Val- ley. On the northern side of the road are Mts. Sheridan and North Dome. SiiANDAKEN is P>'j milcs from the river, and l.OGO feet above it. Here passengers for West Kill, Lexington, and Jcwett Heights leave the cars and take stages for their destinations. Big Indian (33 miles) is 1,202 feet above the river. A bridge here crosses the Esopus, from which a fine view is obtained up Big Indian Valley. This station is nearest to Slide Mountain, and thence parties usually start for the a.scent of that peak. Car- riages can go without especial difficulty within five miles of the summit, and here parties sometimes remain overnight. Dutch* b*3 o 00 a g H a • o 5 ^ i-H t; o cS §3 E « ® ^ s i» » Qj 5- ^ be fl - "^ o .9 -J rt a <=- o * a " g SHIP'S. 1% * 2 >> it -si - » si " as P3 u c p S . I. § ^ " ? B ® 03 ^ ^, l.^ C s! ■ -^ p^ t^ " « hC *• c 3 X 0^ oj o ■♦* c - . " M -t. t« . - « «) f) O IE -"^ S . ilj 'a oQ ^ ^ fl o H rl 'O r* ^ ' *< O "^ a m • ITlI ►jj O 03 ci P, « » t— .t; -5 a a «i 2 =^.2 as t«g «1p.fc2-2 r^i - a -r i — " — ^ -y u aZ I 00 ^ M S a s o ^ e e >< ,.2 a J^ All correspondence should be addressed to The -A^rgus Company, ST. DENIS HOTEL AND RESTAURANT, Cor. Broadway and Eleventh Street, NE\V YORK. THE MOST CENTRALLY LOCATED HOTEL IN THE CITY Being in the vicinity of all the leading Retail Storer and Principal Places of Amusement— of easy access from all the Depots and Ferries by Horse- Cars, Stage, or the Elevated Rail-Roads. Stages from Grand Central Depot pass the door. HUDSON RITKR ROUTS. DELAWARE & HUDSON CANAL COMPANY Rensselaer & Saratoga Department. Albany to Botise's Point, 208 miles. Albany to Rutland, via Sa/ra toga Springs, 101 miles. Schenectady to Rutland, 85 milet. Troy to Rutland, via Eagle Bridge, 85 miles. The Rensselaer and Saratoga Department of the Delaware and Qudson Canal Co. now embraces the original Rensselaer and Sara- toga Railroad, extending from Troy to Ballston, 25 miles; the •Saratoga and Schenectady Railroad, from Schenectady to Saratoga, 22 miles ; the Albany and Vermont Railroad, from Albany to Al- bany Junction, 12 miles ; the Saratoga and Whitehall and the Rut- lanr^ and Whitehall Railroads, from Saratoga to Castleton, 54 miles ; and the Troy, Salem, and Rutland Railroad, from Ea{<»f Bridge to Rutland, 62,mile8. It will be seen, by reference to the map, that these associated roads form portions of the great di- rect through routes from New Tork to Montreal, by the way ol the valleys of the Hudson River and Lake Champlain. This route also forms the avenue to the popular watering-places of Ballston, Saratoga, and Lake George, and is the great thorough fare of summer pleasure travel. In going North from Albany »nd Troy the road affords two routes — oue by way of Saratoga Hprings. and one by way of Eagle Bridge ; and passengers wish ing to gi) to Rutland or, aU the way by rail to Burlington, can take either route to suit their convenience or choice; bat trn velers for Lake George, Whitehall, or Ticonderoga, and Lake Champlain, should go via Saratoga Springs. For Lake George, passengers change cars at Fort Edward, and pass through Glen's Falls by rail to Lake George, from whence steamers ran down the Lake to Baldwin, and connect by a branch R. R. of four miles with the Lake Champlain steamers and the Champlain Division of the R. R. at Fort Ticonderoga j or take the cars to Fort Ticonderoga and 61 HUDSON RIVER ROUTS. B con of the Delaware & Hudson Canal Co.'s R. R. for Fort Ticon- deroga. where passengers cua take the Lake Champlain steameta i»r pursue the route to M by rail. No change of cars ii n HUDSON BITER ROUTS. qaiied between Albanj and Montreal, and thia forma the shoiteMl wid most direct route from New York to Montreal. .4^ ItuUand both branches of this road intersect the Centra'. Vermont Railroad for Burlington and all points north, and foi ttelJows Falls and the White Mountains and points east. The Harlem Extension R. R. also connects at this point — running South to Manchester, Bennington and Troy. These numerous connections give to the Rensselaer and Saratoga S. R. the character of a great trunk route, and make it perhapi the most important of the Northern routes. Having connectionn with steamer lines, both north and south, it derives therefrons important advantages both for freight and passenger traffic no. poesessed by any other route between New York and Montreal. ALBANY RURAL CEMETERY. WatervUet, Albany Co., N. F., 148 Miles from New York. One of the most beautiful rural cemeteries iu the countrj aboiuiding in romantic dells, shaded ravines, cascades, miniatur* lakes, rustic bridges over forest streams, &c. It is a place ol rare picturesque beauty. WEST TROY. Watervliet^ Albany Co.fN. 7"., 150 Miles from New York. This place has important manufactories of woolen goods, belLs, carriages, and various other articles. An extensive United Statei Arsenal, f^nsisting of more than thirty buUdings of brick and •^rce, is located here. Its grounds occupy about one hundred acres. It is the principal government manufactory of gun-car- riages, machinery, equipments, ammunition, and military supplies COROES. Watervliet, Albany Co., N. F., 153 Miles from New York. An important manufacturing city on the Mohawk River. An extensive dam creates an immense water-power here, comprising the whole body of the Mohawk River, with a total descent of 108 feet. The railroad bridge across the Mohawk is 900 feet in length, and is in full view of the Cohoes Falls, about three fourths of a mile above. The river here flows over a rocky de- olivity 7y feet in heighi iif wldch 40 feet is a perpendiculai HUDSON RIVER ROUTS. fall. The main fall is 900 feet wide, and the banks abore and h^ low are wild and precipitous. The Erie Canal rises by a series ol ly locks from the Hudson River, through the village of Cohoes. to the northerly part of the town of Watervliet, three miles above, at which point it crosses the river in a stone aqueduct, 1,187 feel long, 2G feet high, and resting on 2G piers. The products of the Knitting and cotton mills, axe and edge tool, and other factories, amount to over $2,000,000 per annum. In recent excavations made in the rocky bank of the Mohawk, for the foundation of a new mill, the fossil remains of a gigantic mastodon were discovered. The Harmony Mills Co. of Cohoes have liberally donated this interest- ing relic of the eaith's ancient history to the State collection at Albany. It is considered as the most perfect skeleton of the mas- todon ever discovered. WATEEFOED. Whterford, Saratoga Co., N. Y., 154 Miles from New Tor«A. In the large and beautiful grove near the depot is located the L-elebrated camp-meeting ground of the Methodist Church. The grounds contain about 200 acres, mostly gravel loam, entirely free from malaria, covered with more than forty varieties of . stately trees. The hemlocks, pines and cedars give the atmos- phere a peculiar and invigorating " Adirondack odor.' Kound Lake is less than five minutes' walk east of the grove, and is one of the most lovely of the many for which New York is so justly famous. It is well stocked with fish, and has an abun- dant supply of row-boats. Boating, bathing, dshing and driving afford ample amusement for the visitors. There is a good livery. There are about two hundred cottages on the ground, and the number is rapidly increasing. All of them are neat, commodi- ous structures, and many of them are models of elegance and beauty. In addition to these permanent summer structures, any required number of tents are supplied for the more transient guests. Besides the cottages, there are a number of other build- ings on the grounds, used for the post-office, booK and news store, telegraph office and telephone communication. Beside these, it has a most convenient and beautiful preachinr/ stand, surrounded by well arranged, comfortable seats, for thousands of hearers. This beautiful stand is located in the centre of this "city among the trees." The water at Round Lake is brought to the grounds from a pure spring, and supplied, in the greatest abundance, both for ordinary use and fountain adornments. The greatest interest and value are added to the other attrac- tions of this summer resort by its minekal well. After sinking a shaft about fourteen hundred feet, an abundance of water, ot the most valuable qiiality, was obtained. A scientific analysis shows it to be composed of chloride of sodium, chloride of i)o- tassium, bicarbonate of Lithia, bicarbonate of soda, bicarbonate of magnesia, bicarbonate of lime, and carbonic acid. Numerous and most unequivocal testimonials of striking cures, effected by this watei, have been given. In pleasantness of taste and medic- inal qualities, it is said to be unsurpassed by any of the famous waters oi Saratoga. Capt. J. D. ROGERS, Supt., Round Lake, N.Y. 74 The Paper for the People. The Springfield Union An Evening Paper that gives the News of the Da^ while it is News, Its readers pronounce it " the best paper In New England," and its circulation increases so steadily and rapidly that its readers evidently mean what they say. The Union is an eight paged paper, which is fur- nished at the marvelously low price of Six Dollars a year or Fifty Cents a month. If you don't take the Union now, give it a trial. The Weekly Union, issued every Thursday morn- ing, is a first-class weekly paper that goes into all parts of New England and into all parts of the world where New England people go. The Weekly is only One Dollar per year. If you are too far away from Springfield to get the Daily Union promptly, try the Weekly. The Union, Dally or Weekly, is one of the best advertising mediums in the country. Advertising rates and specimen copies furnished on application. Address, The Union, Springfield, Mass, HUDSON KIVEB EOUTE. BALLSTON SPA. Milton, Saratoga Co., N. Y. 175 Miles from New York. Hotels — Sans Sonci and Medhury's. Ballston Spa is the shire town of Saratoga County, and con- tains the County Court-House, Jail, and other public buildings. The village has a population of 4,000, is incorporated, and has several fine churches and good schools. It contains but few manufacturing establishments. The general appearance is very jileasant, and it possesses many attractions as a summer resort. It is beautifully adorned with a variety of shade trees, and its streets and residences are remarkably neat and attrattive. It has long been celebrated for its mineral springs. The principal ones already developed are the Artesian Lithia, Sans Souci Boil- ing, Washington, Franklin, and New Corporation. The waters are quite similar in chemical properties to those of Saratoga, and are, doubtless, drawn from the same natural medicinal reser- Foir; but the comparative value of the Ballston Waters with those of Saratoga, as medicinal agents, is said to be greater, as their mineral jDroperties are greater in quantity. Mineral springs have long been known at this place, and as far back as 1792, Benj. Douglas, father of Hon. Stephen A. Douglas, built a log-house near the " Old Spring," for the accommodation of invalids and visitors. The Artesian Lithia Spring. The water of this remarkable spring is shown to be richer in valuable remedial agents than any other water found in Saratoga County, and to surpass in excellence all the waters found in other parts of the United States. Flowing from a depth of six hundred and fifty feet, through a tube bored into the solid rock, it is not diluted or contaminated by surface water, as is generally the case with shallow sjjrings. Its medical properties partake of the most celebrated Springs of the world, and, in fact, combine the ingredients of all the j^rin- cipal ones in Europe and America. It is very stongly impregnat- ed with that valuable miner d, Lithia, which is so effectual in dissolv- ihf) the Chalk, or Limestone and Urate deposits in Rheumatism, Gout, and Gravel, and has been successfully used by hundreds in these diseases, with quick and telling effect; as also in Kidnei 76 HUDSON RIVER ROTJTE. Dit'EASE, LivEE Complaint, Cataeeh, Dyspepsia, BiLiotrsNEss, Acidity of the Stojuch, Constipation and Piles, and has proved itself a perfect panacea for these difficulties. The large quantities of Lithia, Bromine, and Iodine which it contains, specially recommend it to the attention of every Phy- sician. ANALYSIS BY PROF. C. F. CHANDLER, Ph.D. School of Mines, Columbia Chloride of Sodium 7.50. 0:i0 pr. Clilori(i(> of I'ot.'issium. . . . :i:!.'.i7ti ■' liroinido tif Sodium '.i.t'A'.i •' Iodide of Sodium l'J4 " Fluoride of Calcium trace. Biearbmate of Litliiu 7.7.")0 '' Bioarboiiite of Sodii U.9'28 " Bioarbouate of M.ifrnesiu. 180 (i02 " Hiearb mate of Lime i;3-'.l.''(i ■' Bicarbonate of Strontia... 0.>-()7 •' Bicarbonate of Baryta 3.881 " Bicarbonate of Iron l.otfl " Coll'ffe, N. Y., April 21, 1868. Sulpliate of Potassa 0.5-20 gr. Phosphate of Soda 0.050 " Bibiirato of Soda trace. Aluraioa 077 " Silica 0.7f)l " Organic Matter trace. Total per gal. (231 cub. in.).ia33.24(i Carbonic Acid Gas 426.114 cub. in. Density 1.0159 Temperatore 62 deg. F. The Water is carefully and securelj-^ bottled, and packed in boxes of four-dozen Pints, and will bear transportation to any part of the world. To prevent imposition the corks are marked thus: Abtesun Spbestg Co., Ballston, N. Y. 77 HUDSON EIVER ROUTE. The Sans Souci Hotel Is a very large hotel sitiiated in the center of the village, on its main street, and will accommodate about 300 guests. It is open only in summer, from June 1st to October, of each year. An attractive feature is the beautiful lawn connected with the hotel, comprising two acres, which has been arranged and laid out with great care and attention, so as to provide amusement, pleasure and comfort for the guests. It affords the advantages of the new Sans Souci Spouting Spring, which is situated in the hotel grounds. It was opened up from the old original Ballston Spring vein, and, by a careful analysis, its waters prove superior to any of the renowned spriiirfp of Sara- toga. It presents the double aspect of a boiling ana spouting sjjring. The shaft was sunk, in 1872, to a depth of 693 feet, through a solid limestone rock, when it penetrated a cavern, sup- posed to be about four or five feet deep, from which the water is forced up by a pressiire of carbonic acid gas about twenty-foui' pounds to the square inch at the surface. It is particularly valu- able on account of the Lithia Salts, Bromine, and Iodine, which it contains, and which are highly beneficial in cases of Gout, Rheumatism, and kindred diseases. ANALYSIS BY MAURICE PERKINS, A.M., M.D. Union College, Schenectady, N. T. Chloride of Sodium 572.30fi gr. Clil>)ride of Potassium 5.680 " Uromide of Sodium 1.055 " lodiJe of Sudiura 620 " liicarbonate of Soda 4.757" I?ic irljonate of Lithia 11.793 " I'liosph ite of Lime . 3.175 " Hicirhonate of Lime 193.179 " Bicarbonate of Magnesia. IBI. 106 " lii -arboimte of Iron t».23U " Alumina trace. Silica l.HOgr Bicarbonate of Baryta 1.790 '' Bicarbonate of Strontia trace. Chloride of Rubidium trace. Total. 98*i.345 in a U. S. gallon of 231 cubic inches. Carbonic Acid Gas.. 538. 074 cubic inch. Density 1.015 '• Temperature 50° Pahr. We append a few words from the Ballston Journal of May, 1875, which alludes to the Sans Souci hotel and reminiscences of its p:ist glories: " The Sans Souci has a history. When first opened, in 1804, it was the largest and best appointed hotel in the coun- try. It immediately became the resort of health-seekers, tour- ists, fashionables, politicians, statesmen, jurists, and merchant princes. Year after year, Martin Van Buren, V/illiam L. Marcy, 78 HUDSON RIVER ROUTE. Silas Wright, Edwin Crosswell, Ambrose L. Jordan, Enos T. Tliroop, \Vm. C. Bouck, Daniel Cady, Ambrose L. Spencer, Azariah C. Flagg, John C. Spencer, Aaron Hackley, Michael Hoflf- man, and hundreds more of eminent men and high officials in every State of the Union came here and booked themselves, not for a week, but for two or three months, their families sharing with them the recreations and i^leasures of the season. " Those were golden years in the glorious olden time, when our -•" "" 'red not half the inducements which now make it at- It had then the best mineral waters in the country; it Liu iLi'u now. It had then rural scenery unrivaled in variety and beont .•; it has that scenery now, only of wider expanse, and m' re diversified by forest and glen, hill and plain, lake and stream. It had then the usual facilities of a country village; it has now all the modern advantages of the city. It had the most famous hotel in the country for summer visitants; it has now, in the remodeled Sans Souci, an edifice altogether superior to its former glory, whose proprietor is determined to recover its former popularity, and who will spare no means to make it a most desirable resort to those who wish to avoid extremes of fashion and extravagance of expenditure." Around Ballston are many beautiful drives, as the country is diversified with hills, lakes and beautiful streams. Three miles to the east is Saratoga Lake, a beautiful sheet of water; and to the south. Lake Ballston, about the same distance from the vil- lage. A little south of Lake Ballston is Hound Lake, about which are the grounds of the National Camp Meeting Association of the Methodist Church. Along the banks of the Kayaderosseras lliver as it winds through its beautifully shaded valley, with sharply- cut bank on either side, is 9. delightful di'ive. A new avenue, 80 feet wide, has recently been opened between Ballston and Sara- toga Springs, six miles distant, running through the region of the group of pulsating springs, including the celebrated Geyser and Glacier Spouting Springs. This is one of the most popular drives, as it connects these two celebrated watering places. Ballston and Saratoga are connected by almost hourly trains of the Delaware &, Hudson Canal Go's E. H. during the fashionable season, thus enabling visitors to enjoy the gaj'ety of Saratoga without being subject to the inconvenience of crowded hotels 79 HUDSON RIVER ROUTK. ■OBKKEOTAST BRANCH OF REXS9ELAKR AKD SARATOGA R. & SCHENECTADY. ^Aenectady County, N. F.. 17 Miles from Albany. 22 MU* from S'lratogn Springs. From Buffalo, 281. Hotels. — Oke7.*\ Carley (Idte Eagle). The site of this city is a tract purchased from the Indians bj ihe agent of the Rensselaer estate. The settlement was com menced in 1(!(J1. It is situated on the Mohawk, and on thf borders of one of the finest intervales in the State. In 1G90 it contained eijjlity houses. On the 8th of February in that year, about three hundred French and Indians entered the Palisadei which surrourdad the city at the unguarded portals, and fired the dwellings, anJ attacked the sluinbeinng inmates. Most of the dwellings were de.stroyed ; and the inhabitants who were not carried off, rushing from their beds to escape the savages, per ished in the snow. Only a ^j-^w reached Albany, the nearest shelter. In 1795 Schenectady was made the head-quarters of the "Western Navigation Company," organized to navigate the Mo hawk River to Oneida Lake. It was incorporated as a city Ir 1786. Besides a considerable amount of trade, which is now car ried on here by means of the canal and the railways which centei here, the people are largely engaged in various manufactures, among which are included machinery, cotton, carriages, agri onltural implements, and various utensils, implements, etc. Th« wntrine-houses and repair-shops of the N. Y. Central Railroad Co. ire verj" extensive, and one of the largest locomotive mana factories in the country is located here. This is a great market (or broom com, a staple product of the valley. Union College, incorporated in 1795, was first erected in the city, but now graces an eminence on its eastern boundary, and com- mands a fine view for many miles up and down the Mohawk valley. The first college building was erected in 1814. It is largely endow- ed by grants from the State, and by private contributions. Th* oollege has attiuned a high reputation under the presidency of T)r 80 HUDSON KIVER EOUTK Nott, Dr. Hictok, and its present president, Dr. Potter. Aid is furnished to students of limited means from the State Fund, with- out reference to what profession they propose to follow. Through the liberality of E. C. Delavan, Esq., the " Wheatley Collection" of minerals and shells was secured for tho college at a cost of $10,000. A department of civil engineering and analytical chemi.stry has been organized, affording ample facilities in this direction. Union College is the alma mnier of the Hon. W. H. Seward, and many other distinguished statesmen, and men of science and letters. The public schools are well conducted. The Vale Cemetery Association was organized in 1858. The cemetery contains fifty acres, and is located in a beautiful Tale on the border of the city. It is covered with native pines, and is tastefully laid out and ornamented. Passengers from Schenectady to Saratoga are now conveyed without change of cars at Ballston Spa, as formerly, and travelers going west from Saratoga will find this tho most direct route con- necting with the New York Central E. K. at Schenectady. 81 Saratoga Springs. Saratoga Springn, Saratoga Co.. N. T. 18 2 Miles from New York. The village of Saratoga Springs is approached by rail from thi »ODth-west, and but little of the village can be Been from the rail- \o*d It is somewhat irregularly laid out, and many of its streeti ftre pleasantly shaded. The land on which the village propei Jtands is sufficiently level to render all parts of the place of casj access on foot or in a carriage, and yet is broken into low, rolimg hills, so that the monotony of a dead level is pleasantly relieved. The population is about 9,000 during the winter, and rathei more than double that number at almost any given time during the summer. Saratoga County, near the center of which are the Springs, is bounded on the south and east by the Mohawk and Hudson rivers, along whose banks are a variety of picturesqua drives leading through scenery, interesting from its intrinsit beauty as well as for its historic associations. Near the central part of the village, and overlooked by manj of the principal buildings and hotels, is a shallow valley, beneath which, deep in the bowels of the earth, is one of the most won- derful of Nature's laboratories. There she prepares solutions of various medicinal and mineral substances with a subtle power of combination which no chemistry has been able successfully to Imitate, and sends the different solutions to the surface of the earth by channels which reach the light within a few rods of one another, yet discharge waters distinct in constituents, varioui in medicinal effects, and uniform in temperature. We cannot wonder that, in an age which believed in a plurality of gods, mineral springs were regarded with mingled fear and feneration. We have very ancient accounts of such springs, which were valued for their natural and worshipped for their en pematural properties. Greek and Roman, and even Hebrew and Uhaldaio writers, mention charmed fountains whose waters cured lisease and almost restored the dead to life. The fabled fountain >f eternal yo-th doubtless had its origin in the bubbling waten »f some mineral spring, as well as in the fancy of the poet who drst gave it a name. Even in the time of our Saviour, the Pool ol Boihesda was famooa and was visited by invalids f^".m all PalestinA SAllATOGA ILLUSTRATED. Congress Spring. This spring is locatetl in Congress Spring Park, opposite the southern end of Congress Hall. There is an artistic and very beautiful pavilion built over it to protect visitors from sun and rain. The principal entrance to the spring-house is at the grand entrance to the Park, near Broadway. On entering the Park, turn to the left, pass along the arbor like colonnade to the pavil- ion about the spring, where seats are provided, and the spring water, drawn by a novel process, is served ui^on small tables by the attendants. Visitors will find this method of obtaining the waters far more agreeable than the old way followed at the other springs, as they can partake leisurely while seated, without being jostled by the crowd, and enjoy the beautiful view of the Park and the delightful music by the Park Band. By descend- ing a few steps to the cast, along the colonnade to the cafi, hot coffee and other refreshments may be obtained at moderate prices. The waters of the Congress and Columbian springs are supplied free to all visitors of the Park. Admissiofi to the Park is regulated by tickets, for which a merely nominal charge is made. All the attractions of the Park are open to visitors who pay the entrance fee. Congress Spring is more generally known and used than any of the other Saratoga springs, and has probably effected more cures of the diseases for which its waters are a specific, than any other mineral spring in America. It was discovered in 1792. The waters were first bottled for exportation in 1823, by Dr. John. Clarke, of New York, who purchased the spring from the Livingston family, who held it under an ancient grant. The property was purchased of Dr. Clarke's executors in 1865, by the Congress Spring Company, the present proprietors. The medicinal effects of Congress water have been tested for nearly a century, and its use is prescribed by physicians, with the utmost confidence, after long knowledge of its great efficacy, and the entire comfort and safety with which it may be used. To pro- fessional men and others whose occupations are sedentary, and to all sufferers from the various forms of bilious disorders, it is in- valuable. It contains of the laxative salts (chloride of sodium and bicarbonate of magnesia) enough to render its effects certain 45 CONGRESS SPRING PAVILION. ERECTED, 1876. SARATOGA ILLUSTRATED. without the addition or use of cathartic drugs ; and it produces free and copious evacuations without in any manner debilitating the alimentary canal or impairing the digestive i)owers of the stomach. At the same time it does not contain an excess of those salts, the presence of which in the cruder mineral waters, native and foreign, often renders them drastic and irritating, producing very serious disorders. In connection with a recent analysis of Congress Spring, Prof. C. F. Chandler remarks, that "the superior excellence of this water is duo to the fact that it contains, in the most desirable proportions, those substances which produce its agreeable flavor and satisfactory medicinal effects -neither holding them in ex- cess nor lacking any constituent to be desired in this class of waters. As a calliuriic water, its almost entire freedom from iron should recommend it above all others, many of which contain so much of this ingredient as to seriously impair their useful- ness." Prof. Chandler also remarks, that a comparison of his analysis with that by Dr. John H. Stej:l, in 1832, proves that the Congress water still retains its original strength, and all the virtues which established its well-merited reputation. ANALYSIS OF CONGRESS SPRIN'G WATER. BY PROF. C. F. CHANDLER. One United States gallon of 231 cubic inches contains: Chloride of Sodium 400.444 grains. Chloride of Potassium. . . 1^.049 Bicarbonate of Magnesia 12 1.757 Bicarbonate of Lime 143.399 Bicarbonate of Lithia.... 4.761 Bicnrbonate of Soda 10.775 Bicarbonate of Baryta.. 0.928 Bicarbonate of Iron — 0.340 Bicarbonate of Strontia, a trace. Bromide of Sodium 8.559 grains. Iodide of Sodium 138 Sulphate of Potassa. ... 0.889 Phosphate of Soda 0.016 " Silica 0.840 " Fluoride ('f("alcium, 1 Bihoiate of Soda, V ea^ij ^ trace. Alumina, ) Total. 700 895 grains. Carbonic Acid Gas 392,289 cubic inches. It should be remembered that this water is never sold in bar- rels. Genuine Congress water is sold only in bottles. lu this form it is sent to almost every part of the world, and its name is a household word. 46 SARATOGA ILLUSTRATED. Columbian Spring. This Spring is located in Congress Spring Park, just west of the park entrance and a little nearer Broadway. It is covered by a beautiful and artistic pavilion, and is approached through the park entrence to the right, or down a few stejis from Broadway, opposite Columbian Hotel. The Spring is owned by the Con- gress Spring Company. It is a fine chalybeate mineral water, and possesses singularly active properties in certain diseases. It is said to be especially valuable in liver complaints, dyspepsia, erysipelas, and all cutaneous disorders. As a tonic water for fre- quent use, no spring in Saratoga is so popular as the Columbian. The water is recommended to be drank in small quantities fre- quently during the day, generally preceded by the use of the ca- thartic waters taken before breakfast. Only from one-half to one glass should be taken at a time. When taken in large quan- tities, or before breakfast, a peculiar headache is experienced. The proper use of this water will strengthen the tone of the stomfich, and tend to increase the red particles of the blood which, according to Liebeg, perform an important part in resjji- ration. Though containing but 5.58 grains of iron in each gallon, this water has a perceptible iron taste in every drop. Is it much to be wondered at, then, that a mineral which has so great a power of affecting the palate should possess equally potent influ- ence lajjon the whole system ? The happy medicinal effects of these iron waters seem to consist, to some extent, in the minute division of the mineral properties, so that they are readily taken into the system. The water is exported largely, and descriptive l^amphlets, containing full directions for drinking the water, may be obtained at the Company's office opposite Congress Spring. ANALYSIS OF COLUMBIAN WATER, BY PROF. E. EMMONS. Specific gravity 1007.3. Solid and gaseous contents as follows: Chloride of Sodium 267.00 grains. TJicarbonate of Soda 15.40 " Bicarbonate of Magnesia 46 71 " Hydriodate of Soda 2.06 " Carbonate of Lime 68.00 grains. Carbonate of Iron 5.58 " Silex 2.05 " Hy 'o-Bro'ate of Pot. scarcely a trace. Solid contents in a gallon 407.30 grains. Carbonic Acid Gas 272.C6 inches. A.tmospheric Air 4.50 " 276.56 inches. 47 SARATOGA ILLUSTRATED. The Empire Spring, This spring, one of the best in Saratoga, is located in the north part of the shallow valley that runs through the village. To reach it from Congress Hall, follow Broadway north to the first street north of Town Hall; then to the right, then left, through Front street, down the hill, to the large bottling-house at the foot of the hill. This spring is in a pavilion before the building. For full information concerning this spring, call at the ofl&ce. Although the existence of mineral water in this locality was known for a long time, it was not until 184G that any one thought it worth the necessary expense of excavation and tubing. The rock was struck twelve feet below the surface of the earth, and so copious was the flow of water that the tubing proved to be a work of unusual difficulty. "When once accomplished, the water flowed in great abundance and purity. It soon attracted the attention of medical men, and was found to possess curative properties which rendered it available in diseases which had not before been affected by Saratoga waters. It has proved itself adapted to a wide range of cases, especially of a chronic nature, and its pecu- liar value ifj recognized by eminent medical men. Its general properties closely resemble the Congress, although from the presence of a larger quantity of magnesia in the Congress water, the operation of the latter is perhaps somewhat more pungent. The Empire Spring water is a great favorite with many people, being preferred for its mild but positive medicinal effects. ANALYSIS OF EMPIRE SPKIXG WATER, BY PKOF. C. F. CHAXDLEK. One United States gallon of 231 cubic inches contains : Chloride of Sodium . . .506.030 grains. I Bromide of Sodium 0.266 grains, Chloride of Potassium 4 292 Bicarb, of Magnesia.. . 42.953 Bicarbonate of Lime ..109.656 Bicarbonate of Lithia. 2.080 Bicarbonate of Soda.. 9.022 Bicarbonate of Baryta 0.075 Bicarbonate of Iron . . . 0. 793 Bicarbonate of Strontia, a trace. Iodide of Sodium 0.006 Sulphate of Potassa... 2.769 Phosphate of Soda 0.023 Silica 1.145 Alumina 0.418 lluoride of Calcium, liiborate of Soda, }■ each a trace. Organic Matter, Total 680.436 grains. Carbonic Acid 344.699 cubic in. 48 SARATOGA iLLtrSTRATEB. j Excelsior Spring, Is found in a beautiful vallej', amid picturesque scenery, about a mile east of the town ball, and near the centre of Excelsior Park. The i:)rincipal park entrance is on Lake Avenue, half a mile from Circular street, or we may approacli it by Spring Avenue, Avbich will lead us past most of the i)rincipal springs, and the Lough- berry Water Works with its famous Holly IMachinery, by which the village is supplied with an abundance of the purest water from the Excelsior Lake. Leaving the Water Y/orks, we see just before us, as the avenue bends towards the Excelsior Spring, the fine summer hotel known as the Mansion House. Surrounded by its grand old trees and beautiful lawn, it offers an inviting retreat from the heat and dust of our crowded cities. The spring is covered by a very tasteful pavilion, which will be noticed just cast of the little stream, and in front of the large bottling house beside the grove. The Union Spring is a little northwest of the Excelsior, and but a few steps removed. This valley, in which these two springs are situated, was formerly known r.s the " Valley of the Ten Springs," but the present owners, after grading and greatly beautifying the grounds, changed its name in honor of the spring to Excelsior Park. The Excelfior Spring has been appreciated for its valuable qualities by some of the oldest visitors of Saratoga for at least half a century. Many noted cures, among the older residents of the town, were effected by the use of this water before it was introduced to the general public. The water, however, was not much known to the public until 1859, when Mr. H. H. Lawrence, the former owner, and grandfather of the present proprie- tor, retubed the Spring in the most thorough manner — the tubing extending to a depth of fifty-six feet, eleven of which are in the solid rock. By this improvement the water flows with all its properties undeterioratcd, retaining from source to outlet its original purity and strength. For several years the Excelsior Spring water has steadily increased in public favor, until now its sale has become very lai'ge, and it is to be found on draught, or in bottles, in nearly all the i^rinciijal cities and towns of the United States. We must not fail to notice the perfect 49 SARATOGA ILLUSTRATED. and very ingenious method, invented by the proprietors of this spring, for bottling and barreling the water. In the large and well-lighted cellar of the bottling-house is a circular brick vault in whose depths the process of filling is performed. A block-tin tube conveys the water directly from the spring to this vault, at a depth of twelve feet from the surface of the ground. By hy- drostatic pressure the water is forced from the main tubing of the spring throiigh the smaller tube to the brick vault into air- tight barrels, or reservoirs, lined with pure block-tin. These reservoirs contain two tubes, one of which extends from the top to the bottom of the barrel, the other being shorter. When these reservoirs are connected with the tube leading from the WISP2L spring, the water is forced by hydrostatic pressure through the long tube into the barrel, and the air is driven out through the shorter (ube, while the gas of the water is not allowed to escape. To draw the water from the reservoirs, it is only necessary to attach the draught tube to the long tube of the barrel, and con- nect the shorter one with an air pump, when the pressure of the air will force out the water, without its being rei-harged with gas — pure, sparkling, and as delicious as though it were taken SARATOGA ILLUSTRATED. directly from the spring. The value of the waters is universally IN BOTTLES. Bottle Mark couceded, and they have already attained a w^orld- wide popularity. The fa- miliar trade-mark of the Excelsior water may be seen in nearly all the cities and large villages of Am- erica. The water of this spring is a pleasant cathar- tic, and has also alterative and tonic properties. It is also delicious as a bev- ON DRAUGHT. Trade Mark. erage As a cathartic, two or three glasses before breakfast will be a sufficient dose, while, as an alterative or diuretic, smaU draughts throughout the day will be found beneficial. ANALYSIS OF THE "EXCELSIOR" SrRING WATER. As analyzed by the late R. L. Ar,t,EN, M.D-, of Saratoga Siirings. Sulphate of Soda l.^^^l Kraina Silicate of Soda ... 4.W0 Iodide of Soda 4 23.5 " Bromide of Potas.=!a a trace. Sulphate of Strontia a trace. Chlorideof Sodium 37(1. fi42 grains. Carbonate of Lime 77.000 " Carbonate of Magnesia... 3-2.383 " Carbonate of Soda 15.000 Silicate of Potassa 7.000 " Carbonate of Iron 3.215 " Solid contents in a gallon 514-MMMi grains Carbonic Ac.d (cubic inches) 250 Atmosphere 3 Gaseous Contents 853 cubic ia. SAEATOGA ILLUSTRATED. Union Spring, near the center of Excelsior Park, is about ten rods northwest of Excelsior Spring. It was originally known as the "Jackson" spring, and is described under that name by Dr. John H . Steele in his work on the Mineral Waters of Saratoga andBallston, pub- lished by Dr. Steele at Albany in 1819. The water was, liow- ever, but imiDerfectly secured until the present proprietors had the spring retubed in 1868. The water of the Union Spring acts as a mild cathartic when taken before breakfast. Drank at other times diiring the day it is a very agreeable and healthy beverage. P.of. C. F. Chandler, the distinguished chemist, says: "This water is of excellent strength. It is specially noticeable that the ratio of magnesia to lime is unusually large, which is a decided advantage. The water ia also remarkably free from iron, a fact which is a great recommendation." The water is put up in bot- tles for shipping to any part of the world. It is also sold in Lawrence's Patent lleservoirs (barrels lined with pure block tin), containing about thirty gallons each. The reservoirs are very strong and perfectly gas-tight, and retain the water with all its natural Carbonic Acid Gas. From these reservoirs the water can be forced out, under atmosi)heric pressure, in its natural con- dition, sparkling with Carbonic Acid Gas as it flows from the spring at Saratoga, in the same manner in which the Excelsior water on draught is so very widely and favorably known. ANALYSIS OF THE CNION SPRING WATER, BY PROF. C. F. CHANDLER. Laboratory of the School of Mines, Columhia College, j Aew York; March 26, lh7J. J The sample of Mineral Water taken from the Union Si'UINg, Saratoga, con- tains iu one U. S. Gallon of 231 cubic inches: Cliloriile of Soilium 458.20!) grains. Ciluride of Potassium... 8.7;i3 " liromiue of Sodium 1.307 loilideof Sodium 0.039 Flui.rido of C!ilciura trace. Bica: bon:ite of Lithia 2.605 Ricarbonnteof Soda 17 010 Biorbonatc of Magnesia.l09.ee.5 Hifiirboiiate of Limo 9(i.703 Bicarbonate of Strontia.. trace. I Total Solid Contents.701. 174 grams. Bicarbonate of Baryta. 1.703 grains. Hicarbouate of Iron. .. 0.2i.9 Sulphate of Potassa... 1>1H " Phosphate ▲tmoapheric air 4 " ** Bicarbonate of Ircx. Sulphate of Lime Sulphate of Magnesia... 288 Sulphate of Soda 2.600 Sulphate of Potassa 870 BiUclcAcid. 1.460 AIomiuA 880 The Star Sprinr. To reach this spring from Congress Hall, follow Broadway north five l)locks to the railroad. Turn to the right and then to tlie second left, and in a few steps the long flight of stairs lead- ing down the bluff to the spring will be found. This spring was formerly known as lue President and the Iodine. It is over hal> SARATOGA ILLUSTRATED. a century since its waters were first known and used, but thei* full virtues were not developed until 1SG2. In 1 80 it was re- tubed, and tubing- carried 44 feet into s lid rock, securing per- fect fre'doni f lom surface waters, and most perfect tubing of any erf the S;i a oga springs, as no other is tubed so far into the rock. Since 1862 the Saratoga Star Spring has greatly increased its popularity as a mineral water, and is now recognized as one oi the leading waters in the principal markets. The water is largely charged with carbonic acid gas which renders it peculiarly val- aable as a bottling water, since it preserves its freshness much longer than wsnters containing a smaller amount of the gas. We give the analysis of this celebrated spring, showing the amount of mineral properties in one gallon of the water as deter- mined by eminent chemists : Chloride of Sodium 378.962 grs. Chloride of PotaBsiura 9.829 " Bromide of Sodium 56.65 " Iodide of Sodium of Iodine 8.000 " Sulphate of PotJina 5.400 " Bicarbonate of Lime 120.549 " Bicnrbonate of Magnesia.. 61.913 gn Bicarbonate of Soda 12.669 " Bicarbonate of Iron 1.213 " Silica 1.383 " Phosphate of Lime, a trace Solid Contents in a Gallon, 615.685 " Carbonic Acid Gag, 407.55 cubic inches in a gallon. The foregoing analysis was made at different times, extended over a period of thirty years, by Prof. C. F. Chandler; also by Dr. Steele and Prof. Emmons. The results show that the great medicinal properties of the Star consist of the large quantity of iodine and bromide of sodium, being 2 grs. of iodine and 14 gn. .if Bromide to each quart. WTiile the immediate effects of the Star Spring are carthartio, its remote efifects are alterative, and these, after all, should be considered the most important, as the water thus reaches and changes the morbid condition of the whole system, giving the 3tar water the high repute which it has maintained from its first discovery. For the following complaints it has been used with •narked advantage : Scrofula, Cutaneous Eruptions, Bilious Af- fections, Rheumatism, Gravel, Calculus, Suppression, Fevers, Dyspepsia, Constipation, Diabetes, Kidney Complaints, Loss of Appetite, Liver DiflBculties. The proprietors of the Star were the first to introduce Saratoga Water to the public, on draught, through the United States, Canadas, and Uiirope, which they did In parent tin-lined barrels which preserve the full purity of the vater. They furnish their waters fresb on draught, through 06 SARATOGA ILLUSTRATRD. the apothecaries of the cities and towns of the United States, enabling patrons to obtain, at home, any quantity at the lowest possible cost, by the glass, gallon or barrel, as well as in pint or quart bottles, knowing that the free use of this water will restore health to invalids away from Saratoga as well as at the springs. The bottling-house is a handsome brick building, and is supplied with every convenience for business, and visitors are invited to inspect the house and the work of bottling. The Saratoga Vichy Spring Is delightfully located on Ballston Avenue, opposite Geyser Spring, in the midst of a park embracing a beautiful sloping lawn studded with forest trees on one .side, and the pretty little Geyser Lake on the other. Its surroundings are very picturesque, and are among the most attractive scenery about Saratoga. It was discovered in the mouth of March, 1872, by drilling in th« solid rock to the depth of 180 feet. lAJULTOOA ILLU8TBATKD. nds Bpring oontaiiis more soda and less salt than any otnei Saratoga water, and takes special rank at once among the rolua- Die mineral waters of this famous Spa. from its wonderful aim Uarity to the Vichy waters of France. It is the only alkalin* water found at Saratoga, and a specific in those troublesom* affections arising from Acidity of the Stomach, Dyspepsia, Kid- ney and Bladder Difficulties ; several remarkable cases ait already recorded of these diseases cured by its use. The fol lowing analysis of the Saratoga Vichy, made by Prof. C. F. Chan- dler, of the Columbia College School of Mines, demonstrates ita value as a medicinal agent, and as an alkaline water of equal merit with the celebrated French Vichy . Contains in one U. S Oallon of 231 cubio inches : Chloride of Sodium 128.689 Chloride of Potassium 14.113 Bromide of Sodium 0.990 Iodide of Sodium trace. Fluoride of Calcium trace. Bicarbonate of Lithia 1.760 Bicai-bonlte of Soda. . 83.873 Jicarbonate of Magnesia 41.603 Bicarbonate of Lime 95.522 Bicarbonate of StrontU trsoe. Bicarbonate of Baryta. 0.693 Bicaibonate ot Iron 0.061 Sulphate of Potassa trace. Phosphate of Soda trace. Biborate of Soda trace. Alumina 0.473 SUica 0.768 Organic Matter trace. Carbonic Acid Gas in one gallon, 383.071 cubic inches. Temperature 50° F. The Saratoga Vichy is an excellent table water, and superior to the French Vichy, as it contains more natural carbonic acid ga*, and mixes readily with all wines. It is not a cathartic water, (but mildly laxative if taken in quantity before breakfast,) and oan be drank at all times with its good effect as a Nervoua Stim- ulant, and in diseases of the Stomach, Kidneys, and Bladder. Geyser, Congress, Hathom, and other prominent Saratoga mineral springs are saline waters, but the Saratoga Vichy is ai Alkalip.e water; that is, the alkaline properties (lithia, soda, magnesia, lime etc. ,) overbalance the saline properties — Chlo- ride of Sodium (salt), and is therefore recommended in an entirely different class of cases. When the blood is impoverished from want of proper assimilation of food, or feeble tone of the stomach (generally, when the system is below the normal standard and requires " toning up," the Saratoga Vichy should be used. One of the most remarkable effects of Saratoga Vichy is th« Improvement or restoration of impaired digestive functions, in crease of appetite and improved tone. Dyspepsia is therefore ■ ■pecial field for use of this warer. especially when accompaniad SARATOGA ILLUSTRATED. with sour stomach, slowness of digestion, loss of appetite, vertigo, weakness, etc. The Saratoga Vichy is rapidly gaining popular favor, and is much used in our large cities in place of the French Vichy waters, which are frequently stale. Genuine Saratoga Vichy is put up in amber-colored glass bottles, half jiints, pints, and quarts, and in block-tin-lined barrels for draught purposes. Circulars containing full directions for its use may be obtained from those. selling the water, or the Sara- toga Vichy Spring Co., at Saratoga Springs, N. Y. R. A. Roberts, Esq., of i'^onkers, is President, and A. G. Munn, Jr., Secretary of the Company. It has a wholesale depot at 122 Pearl Street, New York, and Mr. L. A. James, of Saratoga Springs, is the efficient superintendent. The Diamond Spring Is just north of the Vichy in its grounds, and is a valuable chaly- beate or iron spring, with ingredients quite unlike those of its near neighbors. It possesses valuable diuretic and tonic properties, and is specially recommended for those suffering from general debility. One glass has the exhilarating effect of champagne and is remarkably efficient in curing many complaints peculiar to the female sex. It contains a large amount of carbonic acid gas and bottles better than any iron water at Saratoga. The Diamond Spring belongs to the Saratoga Vichy Spring Co. The "Washington Spring Is situated in the grounds of the Clarendon Hotel, on South Broadway. It is a chalybeate or iron spring, having I nic and diuretic properties. It is not a saline water, and the peculiar inky taste of iron is perceptible. It should be drank in the afternoon or evening, before or after meals, or just before retir- ing. One glass is sufficient for tonic purposes. Many regard this as the most agreeable beverage in Saratoga. It is frequently calletl the "Champagne Spring," from its sparkling properties. It is a very popular spring, and in the afternoon is thronged with visitors. Its grounds are very picturesque, and in the evening are lighted by gas. The Clarendon band discourses on the neighbor- ing piazza in summer, and fashionably attired people throng beneath the majestic pines, forming one of those peculiar group pictures which render Saratoga so charming. 68 SARATOGA ILLUSTRATED. The Saratoga Kissingen Spring Is a mile south of Saratoga Village, north of Ballston Avenue, the drive to Geyser Lake, just west of the railroad crossing. It was developed in 1872, by boring through the solid rock to a depth of 192 feet. The pressure of the carbonic acid gas forces a stream of the mineral water out of the piping 20 or 30 feet into the air. The spring is called the Saratoga Kissingen because oi the similarity of its properties to those of the world-renowned Kissingen Spring of Bavaria, Germany. The water is highly effer- vescent and very agreeable to the taste. The medicinal effects of this water are aperient, diuretic, alterative and tonic. It is won- derfully efficacious in its action on the stomach, liver and kid- neys, and greatly promotes digestion. Analysis by James R. Nichols & Co., of Boston, of one U. S. gallon of 231 cubic inches: Cliloride (if Sodium, grains 23''..^)00| Bicarbonate of Lime 40.260 Cliloriile of PotiiKsium Itj.y.so Bicarbonate of Siroiilia trace. Broraiile of Sodium I.WOO Bicarbonate of Baryta 9!12 Iodide uf Sodium 042 Bicarbonate en tury people have journeyed to these springs, to drink their QoiJinj waters; and, as one day's visit is hardly worth the while, thej have sought a home here during the summer season. It in thii that has caused the village to open its doors so freely, and to built^ up, from a small beginning, a system of hotels and boatding houses unlike anything else to be found. Added to this came, is time, the demands of the merely pleasure-seeking, fashionable world. People caine to the springs for the sake of the gay com pany gathered here, and from year to year the hotels ha /e grown, expanding their wings and adding room beyond rooir., till they liover acres of ground, and the halls and piazzas stretcn out into miles. They have a bewildering fashion here of repeating the wondrous tale of these things. They talk about the miles of car- peting ; the thousands upon thousands of doors and windows; the hundreds of miles of telegraph wires; vast acres of marble floors ; and tons of eatables stored in the pantries, till one is lost •in admirable confusion. It is all true, and that is the wonder of it. The management that governs it all is more remarkable thao the gilding and mirrors. It is a sort of high science, unequaled in the world, combining the " ease of mine inn," and a perfection of detail and freedom from friction that is as pleasant as it ia wonderful. Saratoga's face is her fortune, and it is said that the entire (own devotes its days and nights to the comfort of the tourist. The tourist should be indeed happy. If he is not, it is safe to say It is his OWE fault. In speaking of these hotels, the four great hoiues are mentioned first. The smaller ones are noticed in the order of their size. The numerooa boarding hon«e« will be ooa «der*d in the next chapter. ;^r, (4 SARATOGA ILLUSTRATED. Congress Hall Is built on the site of the old and famous hotel of the same D<,Aie which was burned in 180(5, and occupies the larger part o< the square bounded by Uroadway, East Conjiress, Spring and Put- nam Streets. Its situation is in the very center of the gaj and fashionable hotel worhl of Saratoga, and is admirably arrpaged for seeing all the attractive phases of the "great wat^'ring- place " life. Its frontage on Broadway, the principal str. et of the town, is 416 feet, with a high promenade piazza 20 feel wide and 249 feet in length, commanding a view of the most bi lUiant portion of Saratoga. From the Broadway front two iu'mense wings, 300 feet long, extend to Putnam Street, the m rthern wing, running along Spriag Street and overlooking the ceh brated Hathorn and Hamilton Springs on one side, and with the central wing which runs jjarallel with it, enclosing a very beautiful garden-plot. The southern front commands a full view of the famous Congress and Columbian Springs, and the beautiful Con- gress Park, owned and adorned by the Congress Spring Company. Ample piazzas extend around the back of the hotel, overlooking the grass and garden-plots of the interior court, afford- ing cool and shady retreats in the afternoon, when entrancing music is discoursed by one of the best hotel bands in Saratoga. Congress Hall is built in the most substantial manner of brick with brown-stone trimmings, and i)resent8 one of the most grace- ful architectural api^earances in Saratoga. Its walls are 20 inches thick and hollow in the center, thus securing great strength and protection from heat of summer. The roof is a Mansard, with three pavilions, which afford wide and delightful views from the i)romenades on top. Interior fire-walls are provided to pre- vent the spread of fire, and Otis elevators afford easy access to all the floors of the hoiise. The rooms are all large, high and well ventilated, and properly provided with annunciators, gas, etc. The halls, dining-rooms, parlors, and offices are ot grand proportions, and are furnished with an elegance that bespeaks comfort and neatness in all its departments. The ventilation of the dining-room and kitchen has been much improveu, and a Steam Heating Apparatus introduced on the main floor foi- use whenever changes in the temiieratnre require it. Hot and cold 16 SARATOGA ILLUSTRATED. water have been carried to every floor, and a large number of baths and closets added for the convenience of guests. There has also been a complete renovation of the furniture, and the rooms, halls, and parlors have been recarjx^ted, and 200 rooms refurnished throughout and the walls refinished. The public parlors have been refurnished with new Wilton carpets, and the reception rooms, ofl&ce and dining-room renewed. The kitchen department has been thoioughly reorganized at a large expense, and will this year be made equal to the best. Tha ofl&ce has been tiled and greatly improved. The laundry has been greatly improved and its facilities increased. The rooms of Congress Hall are larger, and therefore aflford pleasanter and more healthy apartments than any other hotel in Saratoga, and will accommodate over 1,000 guests in the most comfortable style. The beds are the easiest and best spring and hair mattresses to be found in this country, and ample presses, closets, etc., afEcrdall desirable conveniences. The ball-room of the Congress is one of the finest in Northern New York, being most exquisitely frescoed and adorned with costly chandeliers and ornaments. It is in the block across Spring Street, but is connected with the north wing of the hotel by a light, graceful iron bridge suspended over the street, covered and protected, which, when illuminated on hop nights, is very picturesque. Congress Hall is favored with a superior class of visitors, which annually includes the finest families of our metropolitan cities. In 1878, Mr. W. H. Clement, of Cincinnati, Ohio, President of the Cincinnati and Southern K. E. Co., and Mr. John Cox, of New York, gentlemen of large means, purchased Congress Hall and have since added many improvements. They have placed it under its present efiicient and pojjular management, which now includes Mr. H. S. Clement, who has attained distinction as a manager of first-class hotels and who was proprietor of Congress Hall in its palmiest days, when it stood without a rival in Saratoga. The great success of Congress Hall is complete proof of the efficiency and pojDularity of the management. Owing to the very low purchase price of the hotel, the proprietors feel able to keep up the standard of style of its former glorious years and yet keep the prices at the lowest possible and present popular rates. Open from June 19th to October 1st. 17 SAEATOGA ILLUSTEATED. United States Hotel. This magnificent striicture was completed in June, 1874, and is situated on the block bounded by Broadway and Division Street, on the site of the old United States Hotel, around which so many pleasant memories cluster, but which was burned a few years ago. It constitutes one continuous line of buildings, sis stories high, over 1,500 feet in length, containing 917 rooms for guests, and is the largest hotel in the world. The architectural appearance is exceedingly elegant and beautiful. It is Norman in style, and its Mansard roof is embellished with pediments, ga- bies, dormer windows and crestings, and three large pavilions. The building covers and encloses seven acres of ground in the form of an irregular pentagon, having a frontage of 232 feet on Broadway, 656 feet on Division Street, with "Cottage Wing" on the south side of the plaza, extending west from the main front for 566 feet. This wing is one of the most desirable features of this admirably-arranged house, as it affords families, and other parties, the same quiet and seclusion which a private cottage would afford, together with the attention and conveniences of a flr.st-class hotel. The rooms of this wing are arranged in suites of one to seven bedrooms, with j^arlor, bath-room, and water-closet in each suite. Private table is afforded if desired, and the seclu- sion and freedom of a private villa may be enjoyed here, to be varied, at will, by the gayer life of the hotel and watering place. The main front and entrance is on Broadway, in which is the elegant drawing-room, superbly furnished with Axminster car- pets, carved walnut and marble furniture, frescoed ceilings, elegant lace curtains, and costly chandeliers and mirrors. The room is rich and tasteful in its entire arrangements. Across the hall is the ladies' parlor, furnished with exquisite taste; and be- yond, at the corner of the Broadway and Division Street fronts, are the gentlemen's reading-rooms and the business offices of the hotel. To the west of the office in the Division Street wing, is the dining-hall, 52 by 212 feet with 20i feet ceiling ; beyond which are the private drawing-rooms, the children's ordinary carving- rooms, etc. The grand ball-room, 112 by 53 feet, with ceilings 26 feet high, is on the second floor of the Division Street wing, and is decorated with artistic and ai^propriate adornments. 18 SARATOGA ILLTJSTRATEB. The arrangement of the sleeping apartments of this hotel is excel- lent, and its rooms are furnished with gas, water, and marble basins throughout. It is the only hotol in Saratoga that is thor- oughly plumbed and has running water in all its rooms. All the rooms are connected with the office by an electric annunciator. The entire building is divided into five sections by thick, fire- proof walls, and the openings through them are pi-otected by heavy iron doors, thus affording great protection in case of fire. There are also fire-hydrants in each section, with hose attached, on each floor. There are ten staircases which afford ample means of escape from fire. Two elevators are used solely for conveying guests to the various floors, and every convenience has been adopted in equipping this elegant hotel for its immense summer business. Ujjon the Broadway front is a fine piazza, 232 feet long, three stories high, overlooking the center of the village; and one on Division Street, 200 feet in length. Extensive piazzas, 2,300 feet in length, for promenades, encircle the large interior court, which is ornamented with beautiful shade-trees, sparkling fountains, graceful lawn-statuary, and meandering walks; and, during the evening, when illuminated with electric and colored lights and lanterns, and enlivened with exquisite music, the scene is brilliant and fascinating in the extreme. In fact, everything that is needed to make the hotel attractive and convenient is found here, and the United States Hotel stands unexcelled in its furnishing and arrangements by any of the hotels of the great watering-place. As one looks upon this palatial structure, and carefully inspects the detailed arrangements for the perfect convenience and comfort of its guests, he can but be amazed at the enterprise and courage of its owners, who have opened to the world this stupendoiis establishment. This im- mense and elegant hotel is managed by gentlemen of great ex- perience. The Hon. James M. Marvin, who is well known to all old frequenters of Saratoga, has the general control of the whole interest, while Messrs. Tompkins, Perry, Gage, and Janvrin, are the lessees and proprietors. Under their able and successful management, the house has steadily gained in favor and become known as the most elegant and aristocratic summer resort in the world. Guests can rely on having everything provided that will conduce to their comfort and happiness. 19 SARATOGA ILLUSTRATED, Grand Union Hotel. This palatial hotel occupies almost the entire square bonnded by Broadway, Congress, Federal and Washington Streets, in the very center of the town. It is a magnificent stnicture of brick and iron of modem style, with a street frontage of 2,400 feet. It is one of the largest and most elegantly furnished water- ing-place hotels in the world. Along its entire Broadway front of 800 feet runs a graceful iron piazza, three stories high, affording a splendid promenade which overlooks the liveliest portion of Broadway, and the beautiful Congress Park and Spring. The main entrance and ofl&ce is at the center of the Broadway front, in the rotunda, which is eighty feet in diameter, and extends to the top of the house, with balconies on each of the five stories overlooking the entrance and grand saloon about the office. To the left of the office are reception-rooms and the grand saloon parlor, which is beautifully decorated and furnished. Beyond the drawir^-room are other small private parlors, and to the right in the Congress Street wing, is the spacious and ele- gant dining-hall, CO feet wide, 275 feet long, beautifully frescoed and furnished with splendid mirrors. The rooms of the hotel are elegantly furnished, and many are arranged in suites for family use. Three elevators are now in operation, and guests are conveyed to and from the five floors with the utmost ease and despatch. The hotel fronts on three streets, thus affording a large number of outside rooms, while the rear rooms open upon the handsome interior court-square, beautifully adorned with trees, shrubs and flowers, presenting a delightful view of genuine artistic landscape gardening. The new ball-room, 60x85 feet, buUt in 1876, is beautifully frescoed, and adorned with balconies. Yvon's Grand Centen- nial picture, "The Genius of America," painted expressly for the late Mr. Stewart, occupies one entire end of the room. Con- certs are given every morning on the piazzas of the hotel, and hops every evening in the ball-room. Entertainments for the children are held every week. Billiard-tables and new bowling alleys are provided for the ex- clusive use of guests, and all facilities that can conduce to com- fort and entertainment are provided. 2Q SAEATOGA ILLUSTKATED. The Clarendon Hotel. This excellent house stands on Broadway, a short distance south of Congress Street, on one of the pleasantest sites in the village. Eecent improvements have made this part of Broadway one of the most attractive portions of the great watering place. The Clarendon is one of the first-class hotels of Saratoga, and has always had the reputation of having a very fine class of guests. It has a quiet air of refinement about all its arrange- ments, and one feels quite at home in this cheerful and elegant hotel. It can accommodate about 500 guests, and its arrange- ment is every way calculated to give satisfaction to those who patronize it as a summer resort. Over fifty thousand dollars have recently been expended in re-modeling, modernizing and equipping this hotel in the most improved manner. Among the improvements is a new Otis Passenger Elevator. The piazzas have been rebuilt and enlarged, and the ample and beautifully shaded grounds afford delightful lounging places during the warm summer days. The cuisine of this hotel has always been noted for its excellence. A good band discourses delightful music daily, morning and evening, from the piazza overlooking the interior court, which is illuminated in the evening, and presents a very picturesque appearance. All the surroundings of the house are pleasant. The Clarendon is the only hotel in Saratoga which has a min- eral spring within its own grounds. It partly incloses within its wings a depression or valley, ornamented with shade trees, among which stands the tasteful pagoda covering the popular Washington Spring. This spring water Is among the most val- uable of the Saratoga waters. It is a ionic water whif-h is highly prized by Saratoga residents, and i^opular with the visitors. Congress Spring Park is immediately opposite the Clarenclon, and such of its guests as prefer Congress or Columbian waters to what springs within their own dooryard can easily reach them. The Clarendon is a favorite with persons who seek surround- ings that promote genuine comfort and afford the luxuries of an elegant summer home. Mr. Steinfeld, the proprietor, personally superintends the hotel with his experienced and auO' cessful management. 21 SARATOGA ILLUSTRATED. Adelphi Hotel. This is a model modern hotel in every particular. It is cen- trally located on Broadway, between the United States and Grand Union hotels, within three minutes' walk of the Congress, Hathom, Columbian, Hamilton, and Washington Springs; has ample piazzas fronting on Broadway, and elevated far enough above the street to command a fine view of Saratoga's most bril- liant thoroughfare, and at the same time shield guests from street annoyances. There is a broad sidewalk between the house and the carriage road of Broadway, and guests of the hotel are not annoyed by the noise and dust of the street. The rooms are large, liberally furnished, and have abundance of sunlight, and some are aiTanged in suites, for family use, with every modern convenience; marble basins, hot and cold running water, bath-rooms, clothes-presses, closets, etc. The beds are of the best and most improved style of springs, and are very comfortable. The Adelphi ranks among the best of the Saratoga hotels, and since its opening has maintained a first-class reputation. It is not as large as some of the mammoth hotels, but its modern con- struction, convenient arrangements, excellent cuisine and cen- tral location, have made it a favorite home, both to the visitor for pleasure and the man of biisiness. The house has a home- like air aboiit it which makes it very attractive to all its jjatrons. Its popularity has compelled the proprietor to enlarge its capacity, and recently quite extensive additions, including a new story, have been added. This house can now furnish com- fortable and pleasant accommodations for about 200 guests. The patrons of this house are of the best class of people, and many distinguished visitors have been liberally entertained at this popular hotel. The Adelphi is under the management of Mrs. W, H. McCaffrey, who maintains the high reputation that the house has previously established. It will be kept open from May until November 1st. The prices for board are reasonable. 22 SARATOGA ILLUSTRATED. The Columbian, The Columbian is situated on South Broadway, opposite Con- gress Park, near the center of all the attractions. A mo-e beau- tiful and central location is not to be found in Saratoga. Congress, Columbian, Crystal and Washington Springs are in full view from the piazzas, and the popular drives to Geyser Spring and Ballston are past this hotel. The house is built of brick, and has a frontage of 132 feet on Broadway, with a wide two-story piazza 125 feet long. The back piazza, 115 feet long, overlooks its own beautiful grounds, and as one of these piazzas is alwaj's shaded, a pleasant retreat is furnished every hour of the day. All the rooms of the Columbian have pleasant outlooks, and are well furnished. The Columbian has been purchased by Mr. James M. Case, whose proprietorship during the past two seasons has made it one of the most popular of Saratoga's hotels. Cuisine under Prof. Felix Loumeau, late of Windsor Hotel, New York. No expense spared in any department to suit the most fastidious tastes. Terms, $3 per day, and from $15 to $21 per week. 24 SARATOGA ILLUSTRATED. The Worden. Is situated on tlie corner of Broadway and Division Street, directly opposite the United States Hotel. It is one of the best constructed Hotels in Saratoga, and will accommodate about 300 guests. The building is of brick, and has recently been refitted and refurnished throughout. It is five stories high, surmounted with a Mansard roof, and presents a very neat and attractive exterior on the fashionable avenue of the town. Extending along the Broadway frontis a fine broad piazza, two stories high, which commands an extended view of Broadway, and the business center of the village. This hotel is less than two minutes walk from the Railroad Depot, and is open all the year round at uni- form rates. W. "W. "Worden, Proprietor, Saratoga Springs, N. Y, 23 SARATOGA ILLTTSTEATED. The Windsor Hotel. This house was built in the spring of 1876, and opened for tho first time to the public in June of that year. It proved an unfor- tunate investment for its original owners, and has since jJassed into the hands of Hon. Henry Hilton, who has enlargeJ and im- l^roved it, and opened it as a first-class hotel, under the manage- ment of Mr. Jno. M. Otter. Tt stands on the corner of Broadway and William Street, and commands a fine view of Broadway, the l^rincipal street of the village. From the roof of the house the view commands a wide range of the country, embracing in its scope several villages in Saratoga County. The Hudson Valley, the Green Mountains in the distant east, the Greenfield Hills and Adirondack Mountains on the north and west, with the village of Saratoga Springs and Congress Park in immediate prospect Huestis House. This popular summer house, open from the first of June to i November 1st, is situated on South Broadway, within one block of the Congress and Hathorn Springs. It has been under the same management for the past twenty three j'ears, and has ac- commodations for 150 guests. Being an old-established house, its patrons are among the leading citizens of all parts of the country, thus making the social life delightful toroucrhout the season. The house is furnished in modern style, rooms single or en suite, well ventilated and supplied with the best electric annunci- ators, bath-rooms, and o*^^her modern impro-^ements. The par- lors are large and handsomely furnished. Steam heat has been introduced and extended throughout the house, so that the cool and rainy days never bring the chilly air to any part of the establishment. Many of the rooms are ako supplied with open wood fire-places. The dining-room is very commodious and cheerful, and will seat over one hundred giiests. The children's ordinary supjilies a separate dining-room for chil- dren and nurses. The cuisine is excellent, and the mode of ser- vice unexcelled. Address Wm. B. Huestis, manager, Saratoga Springs, N. Y. 25 ^ e 1 of the river. Six miles above Hadley, the Sacondaga is navigable for small boats. b4 THE ilDIRONDACK KAII-ROAD. LUZERNE, Jjuseime, "Warren Co., N. Y., is on the ea-.t 'bank of the Hudson, \ mile from ILidley Station c?i the Adirondack Railroad. This delightful little village is charmingly situated amidst some of the finest scenery to be found in Northern New York. The mountains on either side rise about GOO feet, and the boisterous Hudson plunges through a deep and rocky gorge, forming the most beautiful rapids and delightful prospects. At Luzerne is the well-known Rockwell's hotel, kept by Messrs. George T. Rockwell and Son. It is one of those houses which are a delight to all lovers of good living, and "where the happiness of the landlord is in exact ratio to the appetite of his guests." The house is nicely furnished throughout, and the table is al- ways spread with au abundance of trout, game, and other luxuries, prepared in the most inviting style. The Messrs Rockwell make a specialty of preparing game dinners., and parties from Saratoga will find every accomodation for their comfort and enjoyment, by sending notice to the projirietors a little in advance of their coming. A free carriage convsys the guests to and from the hotel, and will be in waiting for all the trains at the Railroad depot. A more enjoyable hotel or resort cannot be found in Northern New York. Terms according to rooms and time of occupancy. Lake of Luzerne, seven hundred feet above the sea level, and surrounded by bills, is a picture of beauty in itself. Parties who early seek the exhilarating and oxygenated air of the mountains, will find at the well-known and popular Wayside Hotel all the conveniences and luxuries of a first-class hotel. Its facilities for the accommodation of tourists are among the best. It is just before the lake, and is built in the style of Swiss architecture. It possesses x fleet of 50 row-boats, a unique livery of single and double buckboards, and appurtenances for other entertainments of the guests. The Plateau of the "wayside " is seven hundred feet elevation above tide water. The dry and in- vigorating atmosphere is a tonic. The soil, sandy, and an ab- sorbent. The water, soft and pure, from granite rocks. No miasma or malaria, and the hygienic conditions are believed to be perfect. The breezes blow over living timber — over pine- epruce, and other gummy ana resinous trees— which statistics 85 THE ADIRONDACK RAILROAD. show are conducive to long life. The place is recommended by the best physicians as good for rheumatism ; good for throat and lung difficulties ; good for dyspeptics ; good for general debility ; good for all who desire relaxation, rest and quiet. No better re- commendation for the house can be given than the very liberal patronage it has received in the past, and the exceptional num- ber of families distinguished for culture and refinement who an- nually make the place their summer home. WAYSIDE HOTEL. The Wayside Cottages, ten in number, erected likts the hotel, and containing from five to twelve rooms each, rent at from $300 to $1,000 for the season, and have been christened by Col. Butler with appropriate names. STONY CREEK, Sto7it/ Creek, Warren Co., N. Y.. 30 milenfrmi Saratoga Springs. Just before reaching the station, the Railroad crosses Stony Creek on a bridge of 125 feet span. The village is about two miles above the station, and contains a comfortable hotel, an ex- tensive taimery, one church, and about 300 inhabitants. HUDSON RIVER ROUTE. THURMAN. Thurman^ Warren Co., N. Y., 3(j miles from Saratoga Sjirings. This is the stopping-point for passengers wishing to reach Warrensburg or Lake George. The station is at the junction of Schroon Kiver and the Hudson. Warrensburg is a prosperous village of about 1,000 inhabitants, and contains several stores, manufactories, saw-mills, a large tannery, four or five churches, and the Warrensburg Academy. The Warrensburg Hotel and the Adirondack House are very comfortable hotels. St'ges run daily from Thurraan to Warrensburg and Lake George ou arrival of trains from Saratoga. This affords a delightful trip for parties wbo desire to enjoy the variety and wildness of the mountain scenery, to or from Lake George and Saratoga. "THE GLEN," Johnsbnrg, Warren Co., N. F., 44 miles from Saratoga Springs. Here the Hudson River is spanned by a large wooden bridge. RIVERSIDE. Johnsburg, Warren Co., JSF. T., 50 miles from Saratoga Springs. Riverside is situated close by the bank of the river, and has been brought into importance by being made the station where passengers leave the cars for Chester, Pottersville, Schroon Lake, Johnsburg, and other points north. A magnificent line of stages runs from this station to these several points. The dis- tance to Schroon Lake is only about six miles, and hence, this route is decidedly the most desirable and pleasant. The steam- ers on the lake make close connections with the stages, and tour- ists will find the route one of the most delightful and entrancing to be found in this country. Schroon Lake is rapidly growing in popularity as a resort. NORTH CREEK. Johnsburg, Warren Co. , N. T., 57 miles from Saratoga Springs. This is the present northern terminus of the Adirondack Rail- road, and is a base or starting-point for the excur.sionist or sportsman visiting the Adirondack country. The entrance from this point is the easiest and quickest to Raquette Lake, the heart of the Wilderness. Raquette, Blue Mountain, Moose, Mohican, Three Cedar, Summer, and Shedd Lakes, and Moose River, in the heart of the Wild^i-iic ss .ire reached from here. HUDSON EIVER ROUTE. DELAWARE & HUDSON CANAL CO.'S U.K.— Co?itmued. GANSEVOORT. N'ortJmmberlnnd, Saratoga Co., N. Y., 193 miles from New Fork Is a small post-village, named after Colonel Peter Gansevoort, of the Revolntionary army, who lived here after the war was over. The village stands upon the banks of ISiwok Jul, which the railroad crosses just north of the station. The range of mountains seen at times to the westward is the Palmerstown range, a continuation of the Adirondacks. FORT EDWARD. Fort Edward, Washington Co., N. Y., 199 miles from Neio York. HoTEr, — St. James. Population, 5,000. This town is of considerable importance and activity. It stands on the east bank of the Hudson, near where that river changes its course from east to south. An island divides the river opposite the town. The railway crosses this island, and the two channels afford a good view of the river side of the town. The large buildings at this part of the village are those of the Fort Edward Institute, a large school for both sexes. Fort Ed- ward was an important military point in the Indian, French, and Revolutionary wars. A fort called Fort Nicholson was built here in 1709, but was soon after abandoned. In 170o, in pursuance of the plan of military operations against Canada, a fort was erected here, called at first Foit Lyman, but the name was afterward changed to Fort Edward, in honor of Edward, Duke of York, the brother of George III. of England. Being on the great carrying route to Lake Champlain, it became a very impor- tant depot for arms and rendezvous for armies in the expeditions against Canada. It also served as a hospital for the sick and wounded. During the Revolution it was again occupied by both British and Americans. It stood on the bank of the river, north of the creek, within the present limits of the village. The murder of Jane McRea took place a little east of the village, July 27, 1777. The tragedy in ensined popular feeling against the British and has passed into our national history. The remains of Miss McRea are interred in the Union Cemetery. Passengert for Fort William Henry Hotel, at the head of 88 HUDSON RIVER ROUTE. Lake Georg-e, and the Lake George route northward, leave the main line of railway at Fort Edward, for the branch to Glens Falls and Lake George. (For descriptioa of the route via Lake George, see page 94. ) DUNHAM'S BASIN. Kingi^bHry, WKshington Co., N. Y., 2{)2 miles from New York. A small village on the Champlain Canal. SMITH'S BASIN. - Washinijton Go.^ N. Y., 207 miles from New York. A small station with few houses. The station bears the nama of a large landowner of this vicinity and projirietor of the large hotel near the station. FORT ANN. Fort Ann .^ Washington Co., N. Y.. 211 miles from New York. This village bears the name of an old colonial fort which stood on the west side of Wood Creek, about half a mile from the rail- way station. The Champlain Canal now crosses the spot where ib stood. The fort was one of a chain of works erected in 175G, at the joint expen.se of England anu the colonies, to facilitate expe- ditions against Canada during the French war, and was the scene of several encounters between the hostile forces. An engage- ment occurred here in 1777 between Burgoyne's advance and a detachment of Americans. The latter held their ground until their ammunition was exhausted, and then retreated, felling trees, burning bridges, and otherwise obstructing the roads. Burgoyne was several weeks in overcoming the obstacles so that his heavily equipped troops could continue their march. As we pass along the railroad toward Whitehall, we may notice the high, steep, and rocky mountains on the north and west of us, which are called Fort Ann Mountains. COMSTOCK'S LANDING. Fort Ann, Wishingion Co., N. Y., 2lo miles from New York. For some miles the railway follows the course of a rocky ledge of limestone, between which a'ld the track is the Champlain Canal. At Comstock's Landing the ridge is quite high and pre- cipitous. A road, however, ascends through a break in the cliff, and part of the village may be seen. The large and handsome .89 HUDSON RIVER ROUTE. house, which is so beautifully situated on the wooded summit of the cliff, is the residence of Mr. I. V. Baker. WHITEHALL. Whitehall, WasJiington Co. , N. Y. , 223 miles from New Y2 miles from Saratoga, 71 miles from Albany, and iilO miles, or about six hours' ride, from New York City. It is 346 feet above th ■ sea level, and 247 feet above Lake Cbamplain, into which it empties, is about 3.") miles long, north and south, and from 2 to 4 miles in widih, and is fed entirely from mountain brooks and springs. It is of great depth and remarkable transparency, and the surface is dotted by more than oijO beautiful islands. For boldness and beauty of outline the shores are unrivaled, sur- roundtd by high mountains, which in many instances rifie abruptly from the water's edge and attain an altitude of more than 2,000 feet, clothed with beautiful foliage, relieved here and there by elegant villas and i)icturesque camps. The renown of its wild and picturesque beauty has spread throughout the world, and thou- sands yearly come to view its charms, and go away to praise them. Poets, historians, writers of travel, and lovers of the beautiful have sung its jiraises for a century, hut all have failed to ade- quately depict the marvelous beauty of this unrivaled picture of nature. The lake is almost surrounded by steep and rugged mountains an'l its pellucid wat rs are studded with numerous islands. The passage up or down the lake presents an ever-vary- ing panorama of beautiful and distinct views. Sometimes the' mountains rise abruptly from the banks; at others quiet valleys hollowed among the hills reveal the grand proportions of mor» distant heignts and vistas of Arcadian beauty. The numerous islands— said to equal innumber the daysintl year — add beauty to magnificence in the scenery of the lake Some are of considerable size, inhabited (in summer at least) an partially cultivated. Some are rugged cliffs crowned with shrubi or meagre vegetation ; others, low bare rocks, or mere points just rising above the water, only useful because, in their place and multitude, they are beautiful. " Horicon " (the Silvery Waters) is an Indian name often ap- plied to this unrivaled gem of American lakes. The India; nj^ LAKE GEORGE ROUTE themselves called it Can-i-a-deri-oit — tlie tail of the lake. The French discovered it in 16(9, and named it Saint Sacrement. The loyul Britons afterward re-christened it Lake George, m honor of George I., their sovereign, and the English name still prevails, though, to most Americans, Horicon, the euphonious and significaat Indian title, is more satisfactory, and the wish is often expressed that it might prevail. The whole region of tho lake is full of historic interest ; and islands, waters, glens, and mountains have witnessed many a scene of martial glory, strife^ anil slaughter. In 1155 Sir Wm. Johnson, with an army of 5,000 men, opera- ting agamst the French, encamped at the head of Lake George, near where the hotel now stands. The French, under Baroa Dieskau, v^'ho Lad occupied Ticonderoga, passed up South Bay — the southern limit of Lake Champlain — and across the rocky peninsula to the rear of the English, and, having ambuscaded and overcome Col. Williams and King Hendrick, who with 1,000 troops and 200 Indians had been sent out to meet them, fell upon the English camp ; but after a sanguinary fight the French were tota.lj defeated. Johnson and Dieskau were both wounded in the fight. The English loss was 263 killed, wounded, and miss- ing, while the French loss was vaiiously estimated at from 300 to 800. After this the English built Fort William Henry on the site of their camp. It was named in honor of the Duke of Cumber- land, brother of George III. In 1757, 9,000 Fx-ench under Montcalm invested the fort, which, after a siege of nine days, surrendered. Col. Munro, the commander, having stipulated that the garrison should march out with the honors of war, and one of the four cannons of the fort, and their baggage and baggage wagons, and an escort of 5i)0 men to Fort Edward. But the terms of surrender were dis- regarded, and the disarmed and defenceless troops were sur- rounded and attacked by the Indians of Montcalm's army, and a most horrible slaughter ensued. A few survivors fleeing for their lives escaped to Fort Edward. " The revolting scenes of this day have stained the memory of Montcalm with the blackest infamy." The French did not attempt to hold the fort. Tn 1758 Gen. Abercrombie, with 7,000 regulars and 10,000 pro- 97 / * LAKE GEOIiGE ROUTE. rtnoials, embarked on 900 bateaux and 135 boats, and passed down the lake, with all the glittering pageantry of war, to assail Fort Ticonderoga. They failed of their purpose, and four days after returned, shattered and broken, with a loss of 2,000 killed and wounded, to Fort William Henry. In 1759 Gen. Amherst, with 12,000 men. advanced to Lake Georgo, and, v;hile waiting to complete his arrangements, com mcnced to build Fort George, about one-half mile ea tfrom Fori Williatn Henry. When Gen. Amherst advanced against Fort Ti conderoga, the French with irew to Crown Point, and afterward to Isle aux Noix. Quebec fell soon after, and the conquest o; Canada being completed the following year — 1760 — the vast mill tary works of Fort William Henry, Forts George, Ticonderoga, and Crown Point were of no further use. FORT WILLI.4M HENRY HOTEL, near the ruins of Fort William Henry, has long been known and patronized by lovers of Lake George. The large, handsome fitructure stands at the head of Lake George, facing the north, and commands from its broad, magnificent piazza, the finest in America, the most beautiful and extensive view of the lake and its surroundings of any hotel on the lake. It is the largest and most modern in construction of all the hotels on the lake, and will accommodate 1 ,000 guests. Under its original proprietors it gained an enviable reput;ition among the hotels of this region, but it is now in the possession of Mr. T. E. Roessle, who has effected great changos and imiirovements in the hotel and its surroundings. Piazzas have recently been biiilt on the rear of the hotel, and incandescent lights have been introduced. The house commands the most entrancing views of the lake, ■while from the top of the roof still more extensive i^ros- pects can be obtained. Great improvements have been made in the interior arrangements and furniture. A fast-running passenger elevator has been put in, and water from the mountain-side is supplied throughout the house. In the main office and rotunda is the only General Ticket office at Lake George, where tickets are sold and baggage checked to all points. A Telegraph office and an attractive and well-stocked news Bazaar M 'WASHIN-GrXON, D. C. T. E. ROESSLE, - - - Proprietor. "• uiiimiMimoi ffit: DELAVAN HOUSE, Albany, N. Y., T. B. BOESSL.E & SON. P j ourietors. LAKE GEORGE ROUTE. are in the rotunda. Elegant Billiard Rooms are in the hotel, and Shooting Galleries, Croquet Grounds, and Bowling Alleys are in the hotel grove. The steamboats land directly at the Fort William Henry Hotel Dock, which is the headquarters of all the passenger, pleasure, and excursion boats on the lake. A fine livery is connected with the hotel. The walks and drives are of the best, good roads being the rule, not the exception. Here are seen elegant turnouts from New York, Boston, and the large cities, and the facilities for transportation and care of same are first-class. Not content to confine their improvements to the hotel, the proprietors have built a number of neat and convenient cottages in the immediate vicinity, which are intended to accom- modate those who wish for more private as well as more roomy apartments than can be obtained in the hotel. The ornamental groiands, which have always added so much to the attractions of this resort, have been improved and rearranged, so that this most desirable feature of the establishment adds to its beauty. Caldwell is the railroad terminus, and the largest town on Lake George. It is the county seat of Warren County, but de- rives its principal importance from its position at the head of Lake George, and the delightful scenery which surrounds it. Here is located the handsome dock and depot building of the Railroad Company, whose trains run down the dock immediately to the steamers. The village contains the Warren County Build- ings, several stores, three churches and several hotels, and about 500 inhabitants. Stages run from Caldwell to Warrensburg, Chester, Schroon Lake, Long Lake, and other points in the lower Adirondack region, and to Thurman, on the Adirondack R. R. The Lake George Steamboat Co. run steamboats on the lake, making two round trips daily, starting from Caldwell at 9.45 A.M., and 4.45 P. M., on arrival of R. K. trains, and stopping at all way landings on the lake. On Saturdays a steamboat leaves Caldwell at 10 P. M., on ar- rival of evening train, making all landings as far north as Pearl Point. Returning leaves Pearl Point on Sundays at 7.30 P. M., making same landings and connecting at Caldwell with train, having sleeping-cars, arriving in New York at 6.30 A. M. At Baldwin connection is made with the Ticonderoga branch of the Delaware & Hudson Canal Co.'s R. R. , for Lake Champlain, Au Sable Chasm, the Adirondacks, and points in Canada. 99 LAKE GEORGE ROUTE. The steamer "Horicon" is a fine side-wheel steamer 203 feet long and 52 feet wide over all, and will accommodate 1,000 people. The "Ticonderoga," running in connection with the "Horicon," is a smaller steamer, but is admirably fitted for Lake George travel. Disiances from Caldwell, on Lake Gtorrje. Miles. Fort George Hotel 8 Crosbyside 0.9 Coolidge House 4.0 Long Island 4.0 Trout Pavilion 7.0 Kat takill House 7.0 Bolton 9 9 Fourteen Mile Island 1'2.0 Miles. Hundred Island House 12.4 French Point 14.0 Hulett's Landing 21.0 Sabbath Day Point 22.0 Hague 28.0 Anthony's Nose 30.3 Rogers' ISock Hotel 32.2 Baldwin 33.0 The Lake House, F. G. Tucker, proprietor, is beautifully sit- uated at the head of Lake George, on its west shore, in the vil- lage of Caldwell, surrounded with several acres of lawn and abun- dant shade trees. The hotel is supplied with hot and cold water, bath-rooms, billiard-rooms, telegraph oflSce, news oflBce, and ex- cellent accommodations for 250 guests. Connected with the hotel, on its grounds, are five Kjjlendid cottages, affording elegant, home- like accommodations for families who wi.sh more retirement than the large hotel affords. The beautiful new steam yacht "Poca- hontas " lands at the dock on the hotel grounds, and can be chartered at reasonable prices for pleasure excursions on the lake. The Centkal House is i)leasantly located near the Lake House and the Post-office, accommodating about 100 guests. Its rooms are excellent and comfortably furnished, and the house is a de- sirable home for summer visitors. Lake view from the hotel piazzas. Mr. George Brown, formerly with the Half-Way House at French Mountain, is its efficient proprietor. Eates, $2 per day, and from $8 to $12 per week. Free omnibus to all trains and boats. Open all the year round. Carpenter Hottse, J. H. Carpenter, proprietor, is at the head of the lake, two minutes' walk from the depot, and nearly oppo- site Fort William Henry Hotel and park, and directly opposite the old stone store. The piazzas command a good view of Pros- pect Mountain, and of the lake and docks. The proprietor has recently enlarged, thoroughly renovated and newly furnished the hotel, and now offers pleasant accommodations to those who wish to enjoy the beauties of the lake in summer or winter. Kates, $2 per day; $8 to $12 per week. Nearest $2 house to depot. Good livery attached. Free omnibus meets all trains and boats. 100 LAKE GEOEGE KOUTE. FoBT George Hotel is beautifully situated opposite the village of Caldwell, on high ground which rises gradually from the lake, and is surrounded by a handsomely graded lawn ornamented with flowers, paths and forest trees. The hotel building and its several cottages are lighted by gas, and are supplied with an abundance of pure water from a mountain spring. Bath-rooms, with hot and cold water, telegraph office and news-stand, billiard room, bowling alleys, a steam laundry, a first-class livery with ac- commodations for private horses, a fine fleet of boats, and a bath- house constructed for swimming purposes are connected with the house. A broad piazza, over 500 feet in length, surrounds the house. The dining-room is one of the finest in the country, having a frontage of one hundred and forty feet, overlooking the lake. A free coach conveys passengers over a lovely drive of five minutes along the shore of the lake to the hotel. Ckosbyside Hotel is situated on a point jirojecting into the lake from the east side. It is about one mile from Caldwell, and, with its several cottages, is managed by its owner, Mr. Crosby, and is celebrated for the superior manner in which it is con- ducted and the choice class of visitors that patronize the house. Its location is such as to afibrd an extensive view of the lake and a charming view of the mountains across the lake on the north and west. The sunset views from Crosbyside are remarkable, and at times are sublimely beautiful. The house will accommodate 200 guests. Coaches and Lake George steamers leave and call for passengers at the Crosbyside hotel and landing. Tea Island, the traditional burial-place of Abercrombie's trea- sures, is near the west shore, northwest from Crosbyside. St. Mary's or the Lake, the summer home of the Paulist Fathers, a society of Roman Catholic Missionary Priests, is a mile north of Crosbyside, on the east shore of the lake. Plum Point is north of St. Mary's. Diamond Island, abounding in quartz crystals, is 3 miles from Caldwell, in the middle of the lake. It was fortified by Burgoyne in 1777, and used as a military sup- ply depot. Crown Point is west of Diamond Island, with Can- non Point, Keid Bock and Diamond Point on the west shore. CooLTDGE House is four miles from Caldwell, on west side of lake, and one mile north of it is " Cheonderoga," on Lake George, the many-pointed cottage of Judge Edmunds, of New York. 101 LAKE GEORGE ROUTE. The Three Sisters Islands are in the middle of the lake, five miles from Caldwell. Dunham's Bay is on the east of Plum Point, with West Point at its north end. The low island west of West Point is South Island, a favorite picnic resort. Long Island, one mile long, the largest island in the lake, is just north of South Island. Running across the mouth of Harris Bay the steamer passes Kii^ley's Point, Sandy Bay, Sheldon's Point, East Lake George House, Grove Hotel to Tkout Pavilion, where are the Trout Pavilion Hotel and several cottages. Kattskill House is on the high proj ecting jioint, 7 miles from Caldwell. Little Green Island, Camp Manhattan, is north of Kattskill House, near east shore; Eagle Hotel on the west shore opposite. Pilot Knob Mountain is the sharp peak on the east, with Buck Mountain north of it, and Phelps Point in front, on the shore. Dome Island in center of the lake is the highest of Lake George islands. Eecluse Island is west of Dome, and the path of the steamer. Clay Island is near Eecluse, separ- ated from the main land by a narrow strait. Bolton, ten miles from Caldwell, at the northwestern end of the Northwest Bay, has several very commodious hotels, and is a popular resort for families and excursion parties. It is on the west side of the lake, commanding a very delightful view of Lake George scenery. The principal hotels are the Mohican, Wells, Bolton, and Lake View. Bolton Bay contains numerous islands, and some of the most beautiful scenery in the lake. The Mohican House at ';olton,'on Lake George, is delightfuUy situated on a long i>oint exteii:lmg into the lake. The lawn is terraced to the water's edge. The facilities for boating, fishing, riding and driving are excellent, and the best of attendance is given to patrons. The Mohican has been a jiopular resort for the best class of guests for several generations. The cuisine is unex- celled during the season. The hotel farm furnishes fresh milk and vegetables, and pure spring water is brought from the moun- tains. The Mohican House is ojien throughout the year. Ad- dress E. B. Winslow, Proprietor. The Bolton House, Bolton, on Lake George, stands on the west side of the lake and commands a very extensive view of the lake, bays and islands. Tht ->cation is said to be one of the best on the lake. One hundred and twenty-five guests can be accom- 102 LAKE GEORGE ROUTE. modated here in large, pleasant and well furnished rooms. The Bolton House has the advantages of mountain scenery, pure water, daily mails, fine boating, laundry, news-room, etc. Lake boats land here. Address H. H. West, Proprietor. Locust Grove House, Bolton, Lake George, New York, is pleasantly situated ten rods from the west shore of the lake, and is surrounded by a beautiful Locust Grove. It commands one of the best views of the lake, and has accommodations for 100 guests, to whom it offers special advantages. The rooms are large and airy, and the space surrounding the house affords ample play- grounds for the children. The bathing facilities are excel- lent. There is a sandy beach with a gradual sloije, so that ladies and children can bathe with the most jierfect safety. Horses and carriages can be obtained readily. The fishing is fine, and boats for pleasure or fishing are to be had at moderate rates. The Saga- more Hotel, recently built on Green Island, is not far distant. AU matters of the house are under the personal supervision of the owner and proprietor, J. H. Vandenburgh. Terms furnished on application, with special rates for September and October. Reference, W. N. Dickinson, care of Tiffany & Co., New York. THE SAGAMORE HOTEL Is built on a high point of Green Island, and affords a charming view of the Lake and of the surrounding mountains, from all sides. It was erected by capitalists, whose families have spent their summers at Lake George for many years. Nothing was spared to make it all the most exacting could desire. A handsome rustic bridge unites the island with the main land on the west side, and the superb mountain drives in the vicinity of Lake George, to Schroon Lake, Warrensburg, Lake Lucerne, Caldwell, and other points. The situation of the Sagamore is incomparable for scenic effects, being ten miles north of Caldwell at the head of the Lake, with an unbroken view between the two points. Its large and airy rooms, with accommodation for about 300 persons, are all lighted with Edison electric lights. From the insular position of the Hotel each room has a fine view of the Lake. It is furnished with an ample hydraulic elevator for the use of guests. All the sleeping rooms are supplied with electric bells. The furniture is of elegant design and the table unexceptionable. Abundant sup- 103 LAKE GEORGE BOUTE. ply of excellent water, brought at a distance of two miles from a famous mountain spring at an elevation of 500 feet above the Lake. It has an ample billiard room for indoor amusement, and adjacent grounds for out-door enjoyments, also a good livery, and the endless possibilities of the Lake in the way of sailing, rowing, and fishing. Ample bathing facilities both in the Hotel and the Lake. Telegraph office in the Hotel. The most thorough and perfect drainage. Walks and drives about the island (70 acres in extent) among the grand old trees of the primeval forest. It is in the great thoroughfare of summer travel going north from New York by way of Saratoga, and is of easj' access either by rail via New York Central and Hudson River Railroad or the People's Line, or Day Boat to Albany, and thence by Delaware and Hudson Railroad to Caldwell, at the head of Lake George, whore the regular steamboats "Horicon" and "Ticonderoga" meet all trains and carry passengers to the dock of " The Sagamore." Green Island, Crown Island, Northwest Bay, and Tongue Mountain, rugged and precipitous, are passed on west side of lake as the steamer enters the Naekows of the lake with its numerous islands. Black Mountain is seen to the north. Shelving Rock and Mount Erebus, dark and foreboding, are east of the Narrows. Fourteen Mile Island, with Hen and Chickens, is near the east shore. Hundred Island House, named from the 100 islands of the Narrows, is half a mile north of Fourteen Mile Island, on the east shore. Peakl Point House, on Pearl Point, is just north of it. Sherman House is at French Point, on the west, projecting from Tongue Mountain. Paradise Point is on the east, and to the north of it is the bold form of Black Mountain, 2,649 feet high, the highest mountain on the lake shore. Its ascent is easily made from Popple Point on the shore. Half-Way Island, Three Brothers, Hatchet Island, One Tree Island, Floating Battery, and Mother Bunch are passed in succession. Cives Rock is the solid wall of the mountain slope on the east, north of Mother Bunch. Harbor Islands are north of it in the middle of the lake. Hulett's Landing, 21 miles from Caldwell, is a favorite point of departure for the ascent of Black Mountain. It is 5 miles from Chubb's Dock, on Del. & Hud. C. C. R. R. The hotel here will accommodate 50 persons. From Hulett's Landing we run across the lake to Sabbath Day Point, passing Elephant Mountain, Black Mountain, with Sugar Loaf beyond it to the east. 1 3a LAKj; (JEORGE ROUTE. SiBfeAia Day Point, of historical fame, where in 1766 Put- nam and liogers repulsed the French and Indians, and where Abfircrombie landed on the 5th of July, 1758, with 15,000 men, and where General Amherst landed on a Sunday in September , 1758, with 12,000 men, and held religious services, is on the west side of the lake, 22 miles from Caldwell. From this i^oint to Baldwin the steamer makes fewer landings than previously. Bloomer Mountain, Twin Mountains to the west, Hog's Back on the east, with Spruce Mountain north of it, bold and precipi- tous, are passed in succession. Blufif Head projects from the shore, with Odel Islands north of it. Scotch Bonnet is a flat rock west of the channel, 4 miles north of Sabbath Day Point. Hague, 28 miles from Caldwell, is a small village on the west side of the lake. There are several small hotels here. One mile north of Hague is Waltonian Island. Cook's Island along the shore, and Friend's Point on the west, succeed each other. Blair's Bay is on the east side, with Anthony's Nose on its north side. The steamer runs close to the mountain, with Rogers' Rock and Slide on the west. It lands at Rogees' Rock Hotel, 32 miles from Caldwell, one of the largest and best hotels on the lake. Baldwin is next reached, 33 miles from Caldwell. Here we connect with the Delaware & Hudson Ccnal Co.'s R. R,, for Ticon- deroga, 5 miles, where is the main line of the R. R. for Platts- burg, Montreal, Saratoga, and the southern landing of the Lake Champlain steamers. HOTELS AT LAKE GEOBGE. HOTELS — P. 0. ADDRESS. CITY. 1000 HOTELS — P. 0. ADDRESS. CITY. Fort William Henry, L'ke George Bolton House Bolton 100 Lake House " 200 Locust Grove " 100 Central House " 100 WeUs' House 30 Carpenter House... " 100 Eagle Hotel " 25 Crosbyside " •200 Fourteen -Mile Is. Ho Shelv'g R'k 80 Fort George Hotel. " •200 Hundred Isl. House " 80 Coolidge House Hill View 50 Pearl Point House. " 150 Burton House " 45 Sherman House " 100 Sheldon House Kattskill Bay 100 Horicon Pavilion. . . " 100 East L. George Ho.. " 40 Hulett's Hotel, Hulett's Land'g 100 Grove Hotel " 50 Sabbath D'y P tHo. Sabbath Day 24 Trout Pavilion " 80 Phoenix Hotel Hague Point 50 Kattskill House " 100 Bay View House ... 20 Lake View House . .Bolton 90 I'rout House " 35 Sagamore " 300 Hillside House " 40 Mohicon House .... " 80 Rogers' Rock Hotel, Rogers' R'ck 125 103 b The Leading "New England Paper. THE Springfield Republican. Daily, $8. Sunday, $2. ^A'^eekly, $1. .A. Zja>x-e;e Qxi.a,x>to iSlxeet. Independent and Fair iti Politics, Contprehensive in Its Netes Heports, Able and Enterprising in its Management , Rich and Varied in Its MiscfllaHcouH Reading, New England Sews Reported with Oreat Thoroughness, THE PAPER FOR NEW ENGLANDERS OP ALL PARTIES AND CREEDS. Various Tributes to Tts Worth, Ne'w England Grit. [From a Subscriber at Helena, Mont.] The Republican is New England true grit. Sagacity, Skill, Courage. [From the North Adams Transcript.] The Uepublican is conducted with rare sagacity, Hkill and courage. Prospering Grandly. [From the Northampton Gazette.] The Republican is prospering grandly, and deserves it all. As Good as a Newspaper Ought to Be. [Atlanta (Ga.) Constitution.] The Republican, as it stands, is about as good as a newspaper ought to be, 80 far as quality is concerned. Model and Trustworthy. [From a New York Lawyer.] I think the Springfield Republican is a model and trustworthy newspaper. Admires It Hugely. (From a subscriber in ■Wisconsin.] The Republican ought to have 100,000, yes '.^00,000, subscribers. I am not a New Englander, but admire The Republican hugely. True Yankee Flavor. (From a Reader in Washington, D. C] The Republican has the true Yankee flavor, or pucker, and on the whole I like it better than any paper I have ever taken. Enterprising, Progressive, Able. [From the Palmer Journal.] The Republican is an enterprising, progressive and able newspaper, and well deserves its present prosperity. Among the Best in the Country. [From the Boston Index.] The Springfield Republican is now justly regarded as am8 the most reputable paper in the country. There is no other par)er which so fully occupies the plane of Independence, and its editorial columns have a literary value not to be overlooked. Send, for free sample copies, and buy it on the ears. Address THE REPUBLICAN, Springfield, Mass. J HUDSON RIYER ROUTC THE LAKE CIIAMPLAIN ROUTE. Go mo north, diverges from the old line of the Rensselaer and Saratoga Railroad at Whitehall, to the new Railroad, completed in 1876, on the west side of Lake Champlain. The Champlain Division of the Delaware and Hudson Canal Co.'s R. R. runs from Whitehall to Rouse's Point, a distancs of 122 miles, and now formi the chief route via the D. and H. Canal Co.'s Line from New York and Albany to Montreal. Drawing-room cars are run though from New York to Montreal without change, and in less time than by any other route. The R. R. runs from Whitehall through Fort Ticonderoga, Crown Point, Port Henry, Westport, where stages connect for Elizabethtown, Essex, Port Kent, Plattsburgh, West Chazy, to Rouse's Point, and thence by Grand Trunk Line to St. John's, Victoria Bridge, and Montreal. These places are described more at length hereafter. At Fort Ticonderoga, in summer the toorist has the choice of the Railroad Route, or the more delightful trip on Lake Champlain, on the elegant steamers of the Champlain Transportation Co., which run from Ticonderoga to Plattsburgh, touching at Burlington and other landings on the Lake. At Fort Ticonderoga, the tourist wishing to make the Lake George trip will take the branch R. R. to Baldwin, 4 miles distant, thence by Lake George steamer up the Lake to Caldwell. From Cald- well the Delaware & Hudson Canal Co.'s K. R. runs south to Glens Falls, Fort Edward, Saratoga and points south. The trip on Lake Champlain is very delightful. The elegan* and commodious steamers ; the pure, bracing, and healthful at- mosphere ; the ever- varying and ever-beautiful landscape, em- bracing on the east the verdant Green Mountains, the rich farmi and quiet villages of Vermont, on the west the rugged lofty summits of the Adirondacks, and, between them — now narrow and stream-like, again ©xpaneive, but ever placid — the long and beautiful lake, — these all combine to make the Lake Ch&zn plain route very charming to the tourist. 104 LAXX CHAMPLAIV UOXTtK. T'ii« ronte from Whitehall ia past Ohvb^t Dock, DreiuUn^ uid iSU nam, three unimportant stations between Whitehall aud Fort Tioo» deroga. The B.B. mns on the west side of the lake* FORT TICONDEROGA. Tiamderoga, Essex Co., N. T. 24 M. fr. Whitehaa, 247 M. fr. N. T. Hotels. — Burleigli^s and Pavilion. At this point the traveler ^oing north takes the splendid steamen of the Champlain Transportation Co., or, if he wishes to visit Lake George, will take the branch R. B. to Baldwin Station, five milei distant, and thence the beantifol little steamers on that lake. " Fork TL" is a favorite resort for summer tourists, and is foil of historic intere"" The old fort, on the high bluff near the steam* Voat wharf, is ix ^ dilapidated condition, but enough remains of iti ruined bastions to make it a most interesting subject for the study of those who revere the memory of our early days as a nation. Ticonderoga is a corruption of the Indian name Tisinondrosa, meaning " the tail of the lake," and referring to the narrow portion of the lake south of this point. The French were the fijBt to for- tify Ticonderoga. They built a fort there in 1755, and named it Carillon. The same year it was strongly garrisoned, and was held by them until 1759. In 1758, General Abercrombie sailed down Lake George from Fort William Henry, and attacked Carillon with a force of 17,000 British regulars and provincials. He was repulsed with a loss of 2,000 killed and wounded ; Lord Howe, his second in eommand, being among the killed. The battle-ground is passed on the rail route between the two lakes, and the disposition of the forces in the battle can be ascertained by inquiring of residents. In 1759, General Amherst advanced against the fort with a force of 12,000 men, regulars and militia, and the French were obliged to abandon it. It was greatly strengthened by the English, and was held by them until 1775, when, on May 10th, Ethan Allen and his Green Mountain Boys surprised and captured it. (The oentennial of this event was celebrated with appropriate exerciset and much enthusiasm. ) On Burgoyne's advance down the Hudson, in 1777, it again fell into British hands, and was occupied by them until Burgoyne's surrender to Gates in October of that year. Ticonderoga is at the mouth of the outlet of Lake George, aud trains run regularly to that lake. LAKE CHAMPLAIN KOtJTS!. LAKE CHAMPLAIN. No name can be found more aptly describing this beautiful lak« than that which was given it by the Indiana who once dwelt along its shores. To them it was " The Gate of the Country," and was as important in their rude warfare as it afterward proved to be when England and France expended life and treasure in fighting for its possession. To us it is known by the name of it.« discoverer, Samuel Champlain, who, in order to gain the friend ship of the Hurons and Algonquins, joined them, with two of his companions, in a warlike expedition against the Iroquois. Chumplain named the lake St. Sacreme7U, and straightway pro' ceeded to inaugurate the long series of conflicts which have taken plaoe along the shores. The first account that we hava of Lake Champlain is the his- toiy of Champlain's warlike expedition against the Iroquois ; and from that time until the close of the last war with England the lake was often the scene of conflicts between Indians, French, English, and Americans. The most important battle was that of Plattsburg, which took place on September 11, 1814. The American and British fleets were engaged in a fierce fight on the lake, while their respective armies were at the same time in action on tjhore, close at hand. This double combat ended in the total defeat of the British, and was one of the most hotly contested battles of the war. During the " Old French War," while France still held pos- session of the Canadas, the English maintained garrisons along the shores of the lake and flotillas on the water. These two great European Powers brought their ancient feuds across the Atlantic with them, and the horrors of a desultory warfare were increased by the barbarities perpetrated by the Indian allies of both parties. Crown Point and Ticonderoga are both famous, the latter as the site of the old fort, which Ethan Allen and his brave Green Mountain Boys captured with its British garrison. Valcour Island, a few miles south of Plattsburg, is near the scene of Arnold's disastrous engagement with the British, in 1776. That officer then stood high in public estimation, and on this occasion fully sustained his reputation for skill and bravery, 106 LAKE CHAMPLAIN ROUTE. in covering the retreat of his flotilla. The battles of Benningtoii and Hubbardstou and the line of Burgoyne's march, were all on or near the shores of Lake Champlain, and add a never-dying interest to the magnificent scenery which surrounds it. Lake Champlain is 150 miles long, and varies in width from a few hundred yards to thirteen miles. Its waters are clear, deep, and well stocked with fish of various kinds. In the spring and fall thousands of wild ducks make this their feeding-ground, and the wild lauds west of the lake abound in game. Large quantities of lumber are shipped through this lake, Burlington being the chief mart on the shores. The Champlain Transportation Company's splendid large steamers make one round trip daily in connection with the li. R. trains, through the lake from Ticonderoga to Plattsburg and in- termediate landings. CROWN POINT. Crown Point, Esuex Co., ]V. Y., 258 miles from New Torh HoTKLS — Gunnison's and Crown Point. The village of Crown Point is about one mile west of thelnnu- ing. It has a population of about 3.000, is one of the starting- points for hunters and tourists entering the Adirondack region Iron mines are worked in the rocky mountains around the vil- lage. Across the lake is Bridport, Vt. As we proceed north on our journey, and before we reach Port Henry, we pass Crown Point, a high promontory, on which is a 1 ght-house and the ruins of Fort Frederick built by the French in 1731, but which was capture! by the English in 1759. It fell into the hands of the Americans under Ethan Allen, at the same time and umler the same circumstances as did Fort Ticon- deroga. West of this point liesBullwagga Bay, and south of the bay is the high rocky mountain of the same name. The lake widens at this point to a width of about two mlies. POKT HENRY. Morinh. Essex Co., N. Y.. 205 miles from New York. This is a very pleasant and picturesqt;e village — the scenery of the mountains in its vicinity being exceedingly beautiful. The 107 CATHEDRAL ROCK, AU SABLE CHASM, N. Y. LAKE CHAMPLAIN ROUTE. Port Henry Iron Works, distinctly seen as we pass, are quite ex- tensive. Iron mines abound, and are largely worked, just west of the village. After leaving Port Henry the views of the Adi- rondack Mountains to the westward and of the Green Mountain range to the eastward are very grand. On the west the mos*- prominent elevation is Bald Peak, WESTPORT. Westport, Essex Co., If. V., 375 viilesfrom New York. This is one of the chief points of departure from the lake to the Adirondacks. Stages convey passengers from here to Eliza- bethtown, Keene, Lake Placid, Saranac, and points in their vicin- ity. It is a very pleasantly located village on the west shore of the lake. The iron business is carried on extensively in the towns we>>t of this, and much iron and ore are shipped from tiiis port. Elizabethtown, a few miles west, has extensive works. As we leave Westport, going north, the spires of the city of Vergennes, Vt., are visible to the eastward. The lake narrows again as we proceed, and opposite its narrowest part are the ruins of Fort Casson, named in honor of an officer of McDonough'a fleet. It is situated at the mouth of Otter Creek, where was formerly a steamboat landing for the city of Vergennes. The creek is navigable for 20 miles as far as Vergennes, where Mc- Donough fitted out his fleet. On the west is Split-Rock Mountain, and at its north end is a light-house. Near this mountain and light the lake is very deep and has never been correctly fathomed. Bottles tightly corked have been sunk to a great depth, and on being raised to the sur face were found full of water, though still corked. ESSEX. Essex, Essex Co., N. Y., 2^1 miles from New York. The village is romantically situated at the foot of the hills which render the whole western shore so picturesque. Essex is one of the points on the lake whence hunters take their depar- ture for the Adirondacks. The islands which lie in the middle lake, a few milea north of Essex, are the Four Brothers. 108 VAN NESS AND AMERICAN HOTELS, Burlingtorij Vermont. The ' Van Nesg House " has a Safety Hydraulic Passenger Elevator, Fire Escapes, etc. Fine views of the Lake and Moun- taiDS from all parts of the House. L S. DREW, Manager. H. N. CLARK, Clerk. U. A. WOODBURY, Projirietor. The Van Ness and Ameeican Hotels are now open to the public under one management and will, as heretofore, be conducted in a man- ner consistent with the good reputation of Burlington as a Summer Resort for the best class of gixests. Neither pains nor expense will be spared to keep them first-class in every particular. Me. Deew, so long and favorably known to the traveling public, will personally superin- tend everything conducive to the comfort of guests at both hotels. These Hotels are supplied with ample public and private Parlors, Reading Rooms, Committee Rooms, Billiard and Commercial Sample Rooms, Telegraph Ofl&ce, Rooms, single or en suite, with Baths, Closets, Electric Bells, etc. The tables are always supplied with the delicacies of the season. Fresh vegetables, pure milk, butter and cream brought daily from the hotel farm. Tourists will find Burlington a pleasant place to spend a few days in, its charming views and delightful drives rendering it very attractive. Two or more trains daily to Boston, New York, Saratoga, the White Mountains and Montreal, Steamboats to and from Lake George, Sara- toga, Ticonderoga, Plattsburgh and Ausable Chasm. LAKE CHAMPLAIN ROUTE. BURLINGTON. Burlington, Chittenden Co., VL, 308 miles from JSfew York. Population 12,000. Hotels — Van Ness and American. The city of Burlington is delightfully situated on the hillside, wtich rises from the lake shore, and commands an uninter- rupted view of the historic Lake Chamjilain and the Green Mountain range. In the centre of the city is a large public square, near which are the custom-house, city and county buildings, banks and other business oflBces. The Fletcher Free Library, which contains 14,000 volumes, is located in City Hall Park. The Howard Opera House, at the comer of Bank and Church fStreets, was erected by John P. Howard, Esq., at an expense of $125,000, and is one of the most beau- tiful public halls in this country. The University of Ver- mont stands on the hill overlooking the city. From the dome of the chief building an extensive and very beautiful view may be obtained, including the ranges of the Adirondack and Green mountains, while Lake Champlain, with its bays and islands, stretches north and south, as far as the eye can reach. The large island in front of Burlington is Juniper Island. To the south of this may be seen Rock Dunder, which is said to have excited the suspicions of the British commodore, while cruising here during the war with England, to such an extent that he opened tire upon it. The University Library contains about 20,000 volumes; the Park Gallery of Art contains a choice collec- tion of paintings, statuary, etc., and the Museiim contains over 80,000 specimens. On the spacious park in front of the Univer- sity is the bronze statue of Lafayette, the work of the sculptor John Q. A. Ward, and the gift of Mr. John P. Howard. The Medical College, north of and under the direction of the Univer- sity, is also the gift of Mr. Howard. It cost $GO,000. Back of the University is the Mary Fletcher Hospital— a free institution, built and endowed by the lady whose name it bears, at an ex- pense of a quarter of a million of dollars. Near by is Green Mountain Cemetery, in which is the Ethan Allen Monument, erected by the State over the spot where the Eevolutionary hero's remains are buried. It consists of a granite shaft, forty- two feet in height, on which is an heroic marble statue of Ethan Allen, the work of the sculptor, Peter Stephenson. 109 AU8ABLK CHASM. LAKE CHAMPLAIN ROUTE. In the north part of the city are Battery Park, the Betreat foi the Insane, the Koman Catholic Hospital and Convent, Lake View Cemetery and Episcopal Institute. Near here is the Ethan Allen homestead; a romantic cave, called "Devil's Den," which is connected with the story of Ethan Allen's life; and Lookout Rock, from which a view of surpassing beauty may be obtained. South of the city is the Home for Destitute Children; Howard Park, where a great fair and mechanical exposition is annually held ; and the Queen City Park, a favorite picnic resort. The drives along the Winooski Eiver are beautiful. A few miles east is High Bridge -a picturesque and attractive locality. In the steep banks of the Winooski Biver at this point, are large and interesting caves, which have recently been discovered. Mallett's Bay, 8 miles distant, is celebrated for its bass and pike fishing. The drive to the bay is delightful. The best hotels are the Van Ness House and American House. Both are sitaated in the centre of the city overlooking the Park, and command a view of Lake Champlain and the Adirondack Mountains. The tables are excellent, and the rooms are newly furnished and very comfortable. The prices are moderate. The general offices of the Champlain Transportation Co. are on the steamboat wharf near the railroad station. From Burlington tourists go to the White Mountains and Mt. Mansfield by rail. Tourists can leave Burlington in the morning, cross the lake, visit Au Sable Chasm and return to Burlington the same day. PORT KENT. Chesterfield, Essex Co., X. Y., 313 miles from New York. Port Kent is on the west shore of Lake Champlain, near the mouth of the Au Sable River. It is the port from which the pro- ducts of the iron-works at Keeseville and Au Sable Forks are shipped to various markets, and the terminus of the stage-route to the Adirondacks, by way of Au Sable It is the nearest rail- road station to the wonderful Au Sable Chasm, on the Au Sable River, three miles distant and midway between Port Kent and Keeseville About a mile from Keeseville the Au Sable River makes a leap of 20 feet into a semi-circular basin of great natural beauty. A mile further on, amid the wildest scenery, are the Birmingham Falls, 150 feet high. Horse Shoe Falls, are nearly 110 HORSESHOE AND BIRMINGHAM FALLS, AU SABLE CHASM, N. Y. LAKE CHAMPLAm ROUTE. opposite the entrance to the Chasm, Here great blocks of sand- stone sr? piled on one another, assimilating the smoothest of masonry. Following the river, now rapidly narrowing, deepening, and foa^ning, we shortly come to the Chasm. The river is here encased in a channel from 5 to 10 feet wide, whose walls rise ab- ruptly from 100 to 200 feet. Lower down toward the lake the walls are sometimes 50 feet apart, descending perpendioularlji and extending in a lateral canal, with sharp turns and occasional widenings for nearly 2 miles. The entire scenery is wild beyond description. Lateral fissures deep and narrow, project from the main ravine at nearly right angles. Through one of these crev- ices the abyss is reached from the " Lodge," by a stairway of 312 steps. The entire mass of the walls is formed of laminaj of sandstone rock, laid in such regular and precise order by the hand of nature as to produce the effect of a grand architectural ruin. From the fissures of these walls pines and cedars project and, flinging their dark branches out over the Chasm, add to the wildness of a scene which rivals in beauty the famed Gorge du Trientof Switzerland. What has caused this wonderful phenom- enon is a problem that presents a wide scope for interesting speculation. The trip through the Chasm is one of intense interest, and cer- tainly a half day should be given to it, but it can be made in two or three hours. The boat ride ov. r the la.st half mile is one of the great features of this passage through a land of surprises ; and the novel sensation of shooting the rapids and floating over un- known depths, although accomplished in perfectly safe boats, under the guidance of trustworthy boatmen, is something long to be remembered. The Chasm is owned by a company of Phila- delphia gentlemen, and since their administration of its affairs great improvements have been made looking to the comfort and safety of visitors. Stone walks with substantial iron railings and firm bridges far above high-water mark have been erected, and commodious and safe boats have been placed in the flume. The trip can be made, amid the most wild and turbulent of nature's vagaries, dry shod and in comfort. The Lake View House, located near the entrance, on a high plateau overlooking Lake Champlain, is owned bj the Au Sabis lU THE FLUME, AU SABLE CUASM, N. Y. LAKE CHAMPLAIN KOUTE. Chasm Co., has accommodation for 200 guests, and has billiard rooms, howling alleys, and good livery stables connected. Stages run from all trains of the Delaware & Hudson Canal Company t, R. E., and Champlain steamers, from Port Kent to the Lake View House. 3 miles distant. At Keeseville is a good hotel, the Adirondack House. Thence stages run to Paul Smith's, Bartlett's, Miller's, Saranac Lake, and other houses on the Saranac. From Au Sable Forks a road leads into the mountains through the famous Wilmington Notch, to North Elba and Lake Placid. Upon the hill j ust above the lake is a fine old stone house, where live the descendants of Colonel Elkanah Watson, the founder of ihe first agricultural society of New York. In 1777, the year of Burg03'ne's surrender, Colonel Wutson, then aged 17, made a tour through the country, and wrote a very interesting and accurate account of his experiences. This account forms one of our most valuable histories of those revolutionary times. PLATTSBURG. PMtsburg, Clinion Co., K Y., 328 m. fr. N. Y.;G3fr. Monlreal. H.OTEI.S — Cumberland, Fouqud's, and WUherell's. Plattsburg is situated at the mouth of Saranac River, on a pla- teau some fifty feet above the level of the lake. It has about 10,000 inhabitants, and is in every respect a flourishing place. It is the county town of Clinton county, and contains the usual buildings for judicial purposes. The U. S. Government has bar- racks and, keeps a garrison here. The Saranac River furnishes water-power for several mills . The Cumberland House is situated in the business center of the town, adjacent to Trinity Park, and is kept in excellent style by C. S. Averill. The rooms are connected with the office by elec- tric annunciators, the cuisine unexcelled, and everything neces- sary to make the patrons of the house satisfied and pleased is afforded. A free omnibus meets all trains and steamboats. Plattsburg is the most important point of departure from Lake Champlain, and the main line of the Delaware & Hudson Canal Company's E. E. for the northern part of the Adirondacks, in- cluding Paul Smith's and the Saranac Lake region. The Au Sable branch of the R. R. conveys passengers to Au Sable station, 112 LAKE CSAMPLAIN EOTJTE. 20 miles distant, where travelers take stages to the hunting and fishing grounds of the Adirondack region. This forms the most convenient and comfortable route to the North Woods. The Cha- teaugay runs from Plattsburg 36 miles west to Lyon Mountajn, whence a stage runs to "Ralph's," on upper Chateaugay Lake. Steamers touch daily at the wharves of Plattsburg, conveying passengers to various places on the shores of the lake. Beyond the Cumberland Bay is Macdonough's Point, just in- side of which, in September, 1814, was anchored the American fleet, awaiting the attack of the British, while on shore lay the two hostile armies, watching one another, and ready at any mo- ment for either attack or defense. Commodore Macdonough com- manded the American fleet, and Commodore Downie the British. The land forces were commanded by General Macomb on the American side, and General Provost on the British. The British fleet had 1,000 men and 95 guns. The Americans, 880 men and 86 guns. On shore, the Americans had one brigade of regulars and several thousand militia, and the British had about 14, 000 men. The battle was opened on the water by a shot from the American vessel Eagle, and very soon the engagement became genei*al. The roar of artillery was heard far off in Vermont, and a long distance down the lake. The fight lasted with the great- est fury for two hours and a half. Commodore Macdonough with his own hands sighted one of his guns, from time to time, throughout the action, and after one battery of his flag-ship, the U. S. frigate Saratoga, had been disabled by the superior artillery of the Confiance, her adversary, she was swung round, so as to bring her other battery to bear. This decided the fight, for the British shiiD was soon compelled to surrender, and the victory was soon after rendered complete by the surrender of the remaining ships. The British gunboats alone, being worked with sweeps, effected an escape. On shore the assaults of the British were repelled, and when it was seen that the day was lost on the lake, General Provost re- treated from the field, leaving the Amei'icans victorious by land and water. In one of the houses of Plattsburg is still to be seen a twelve-pound shot which entered the house during the engage- ment and lodged in the wall over the staircase, where it has re- mained ever since. 113 ..sV^V SENTINEL AND TABLE BOCK, AU SABLE CHASM, N. Y. '^.. ADIKONDACK MOUNTAINS. THE ADIRONDACKS. "The Great Wilderness of northeastern New York, the limits of which we will hereafter try to define, is generally known as ' The North Wooch^' or as ^The Adirondacks^'' according to the view taken of its surface. The former title indicates merely a wild, densely wooded region ; the latter, a region occupied by all the varied scenery pertaining to a most remarkable lake and moun- tain system." This wild region of dense forests, majestic mountains, magnifi- cent lakes and beautiful rivers, lies in the counties of Herkimer, Hamilton, Lewis, St. Lawrence, Clinton, Franklin, and Essex, and aggregates over 3,500,000 acres — a tract of land of an area of nearly 100 miles square. This region is the only primitive hunting and fishing ground left within any reasonable distance of New York City, and offer- ering, as it does, rare health-restoring qualities, combined with excellent deer hunting, and the best brook and lake trout fishin£ accessible, is yearly more than doubling its number of visitors- in fact, the limit is only measured by hotel capacity. The whole Adirondack region is intersected and diversified by a network of lakes and streams, which render it picturesque and beautiful in an almost unequaled degree. These systems of water communication afford very convenient means of transit tot hunters and pleasure-seekers, the lakes being connected by streams, in some cases navigable for bateaux, and in otiiera broken by falls and rapids around which boats and luggage mtist be carried. Iron is found in large quantities among the mountains, and some of the most accessible beds of ore are profitably worked. Valuable marble is also found. The Adirondack Wilderness may be divided into three gen- eral divisions, which collectively entertain the great bulk of vis- itors, and are representative of the whole, namely, the Saranac and St. Regis waters cf Franklin County, whose natural gateway is Plattsburg and Port Kent ; the mountain region of Keene, North Elba, and Lake Placid, in Essex County, with entrance as Westport ; and the Blue Mountain and Eaquette waters, in ADIRONDACK MOUNTAINS. Hamilton county, reached by way of the Adirondack Railroad from Saratoga. Of these sections, the first mentioned has be- come the most widely celebrated. The grand mountains and lovely valleys of the Keene and Lake Placid have become familiar on the canvas of great painters ; while the Raquette region has an air of freshness, and is making rapid strides in popular favor. Each section, while possessing something of the characteristics of the others, has its own individual attractions; and while con- nected by natural highways, to a considerable extent, all preserve their individuality, and each is complete in itself. The wilderness is easily reached by several different routes, partly by carriage-roads and partly by boats, which will convey the tourist to almost any part of the woods. A favorite route to the woods is from Port Kent, by stages to An Sable Chasm, Keese- ville, Au Sable Forks, and the Saranac Lakes. Thence by boata and •' carries" penetrate to the heart of the wilderness. The completion of the railroad from Plattsburg to Au Sable, opposite Point of Rocks, on the Au Sable River, 10 miles west of Keeseville, makes Plattsburg a natural rendezvous on the east for visitors to either the Saranac or Chateaugay region. By this route the traveler will save about 14 miles of stage travel. Stages leave Au Sable for Whiteface Mountain and Lower Sar- anac and Lower St. Regis Lakes daily, on arrival of trains from Plattsburg, and returning connect with trains for Plattsburg. For a general course for a trip through the northern section we indicate the route via Whiteface Mountain, up the West Branch of the Au Sable River from Au Sable Forks, stopping at Whiteface to ascend the mountain, from the top of which most splendid views are afforded of Mount Marcy, Mount Seward, Nipple Top, and the whole range of Adirondacks. Sixty -four different bodies of water — lakes, ponds, and rivers — are said to be visible by the naked eye from this summit, and, with the aid of a glass. Lake Ontario and the White Mountains can be seen. There is a hotel near the foot of the mountain at Wilmington. By this route the traveler will pass a natural flume and the falls on the Au Sable River, and go through the " Wilmington Pa»8,^^ a deep and very narrow gorge, with mountains several hundred feet high towering almost perpendicularly on both sides. 116 ENTRANCE TO THE FLUME, ATT SABLE CHASM, N. Y ADIRONDACK MOtJNTAINS. From WTiiteface the route continues to North Elba, the home and burial-place of John Brown, whose exploits are known to all Americans. From North Elba the stages will turn from the *'ranch of the Au Sable and pass over to Lower Saranac Lake, Mstant. by this route 22 miles from Whiteface and 12 miles from N^orth Elba. If the traveler wishes, he can pause at Lake Placid and explore the rej^ion of the Upper Adirondacks, among which me Mount Mclntyre, Wallface, Mount Martin, Mount Marcy, Mount Sewajd, and a host of other peaks of great elevation. A number of these peaks are over 5,000 feet in height — Mount Marcy is said to be 5,467 feet. The Adirondack or Indian Pass, 7 miles above Lake Placid, is a most majestic natural wonder, and well repays the toil of its difficult approach. Passing over to Lower iSaranac Lake the traveler will find several hotels and ex cellenc accommodation for a rest preparatory to the tour of the lakes. From this point the route is by water up through the Sar- anac chain of lakes. Between ihe Saranac and the St Regis Lake there are but two portages, and at these horses are kept, in the season of i)leasure travel, for transpoi-ting parties across. The passage of the lakes may be prolonged to enjoy the fishing and hunting, and by detours among the innumerable lakes, ponds, and streams, according to the leisure or inclination of the toux'ist, and on arriving at the Lower St. Regis a stage-ride of ^G miles from the hotel there brings you back to the railroad at Au Sable. Those who prefer to do so may leave out the detour to White- face and North Elba, and go by stage from Point of Rocks direct to Saranac, or may reverse the trip by staging up to Lake Sc. Regis and returning by Saranac Lake. From the Upper Saranac Lake a portage of three miles reaches the Raquette River, down which the traveler may find his w:iy tlirough the wilderness to Potsdam, in St. Lawrence County. West of the St. Regis are the innumerable lakes emptying into the St. Regis River, abounding with fi.sh and fowl, and forests alive with deer and other game ; and to the northward for 20 miles stretches another chaia of lakes equally attractive to sportsmen, turning from which one may emerge at Malone, at the north, or bearing eastward from Loon Lake may descend the West Saranac and Saranac Rivers, viewing the Great Falls above Saranac Village, and reach Plattsburg by tage route. Hi . ,1 ADIRONDACK MOUNTAINS. Still further north lies the Chateaugay region, which is access- ible from Plattsburg via Dannemora and Chazy Lake, or from points on the O^densburg & Lake Ch implain Railroad. The Adirondack region is steadily growing in favor as a resort for persons afflicted with throat and lung troubles ; and while it is not by any means a sure cure for all^ however deeply seated the diseases may have become, yet if persons so afflicted will go there in time, they will find the dry, pure air, impregnated as it is with balsam and pine, to be of infinite relief, and many living wit- nesses are there found to prove its benefits. Places of entertain- ment, from the well-appointed hotel on the border to the rude log-house and open camp of the interior, are found at short inter- vals throughout the entire wilderness, all waiting with open doors *o receive the stranger. Guides and boats may be had at all the lotels. Telegraph lines extend to the principal hotels. Camp equipage and stores and provisions for parties going int«? /he wilderness can be procured at these hotels, rendering it un- lecessary for visitors to burden themselves with such things be- fore arriving at the lakes. 118 ooLLEo-E sousra-s. CARMINA YALENSIA.— A New Collection of Yale and other College Songs, with Music and Piano-Forte Accompaniments, and Engraving of Yale College Buildings. Extra cloth, $1..50 Extra cloth, full gilt, $1.75. SONGS OF COLUMBIA.— A New Collection of Columbia College Songs with Musicand Piano-Forte Accompaniments. Bound in extra cloth, showing the College Colors, blue and white. Price, $1 ; 0. SONG SHEAF. — A Collection of Vocal Music, arranged in one, two, three and four parts, with complete elementary course for schools, academies and social circle. Price, boards, by mail, 75 cents. HAPPY HOTmS.— A New Song Book for Schools, Academies and the Home Circle. 188 pp. 12mo. Price, boards, 50 cents. INTRODUCTION TO ELOCUTION.— By Prof. MaekBailet. 60 pp. l2mo. Price, cloth, 50 cents. HISTORICAL EPOCHS.— The Great F Vents of History in Condensed Form, with System of Mnemonics. Price, cloth, 50 cents. Any of above books sent by maU, post-paid, on receipt of price. TAINTOR BROTHERS & CO., Publishers, 1© -i. Tlieoft points are reached from New York via Day or Night Steamboats on the Hudson River and the New York Central and Hudson River, or the West Shore Railways. From BOSTON AND NEW ENGLAND, take Boston and Albany, Hoosac Tunnel or other Railwavs leading to Albanv or Troy or Saratoga. From SOUTHERN NE\VENa..AND. the Hartford and (%>uuecticut Western, and New York, New England Railways lead to the Hudson River and connect with New York Central, or West Shore Railways and the Day Boats for Albany, Troy and Saratoga. From the WEST and SOUTHWEST, by the Erie Railway via Binghamfon, or via the A''tw Yoik Cenlnil Railroad. From ALBANY or TROY', take the Delaware and Hudson Canal Co-'s Jiail- ivad to either of the following GATEWAYS. From PLATTSBURG, take the Chateaiigay Railroad, 36 miles to Lyon Mountain, thence by stage 4 miles to " Ralph's'''' on upper Ckaleaiigay Lake. From AU SABLE (20 miles west of Plattsbuig on branch railroad). Stages leave here every morning (Sundays excepted) on arrival of early trains, foi i?'/wrA\<, 18 miles ; Franklin Fall.o, 20 miles; Bloomingdale, 28 miles; Loon Lake House, on Loon Lake, 28 miles ; Rainbow House, on Rainbow Lake, 35 miles ; Marlins's, on Saranac Lake, 37 miles ; Paul Smith's, on St. Regis Lake, 38 miles ; Prospect House, on Saranac Lake, 41 miles ; BartletCs, on Saranac Lake, 49 miles. Frotn PORT KENT. Stages leave here from every train for KeesevUle, 6 miles, stopping at Lake View House (An Sable Cha.'^n). Stages leave Keesev'dle !or Au Sable station, 17 miles, where connection is made for all above points. From WESTPORT. Stages to Elizabethlmvn, 8 miles, from all trains and Champlain Steamers. From Elizabcihtown a daily line of stages is run, or conveyance may be taken, (or Keene Valley, 17 miles; Edmond's Pond,\^ miles; Sehroon Lake, 32 miles ; Lake Placid, 28 miles ; Saranac Lake, 43 miles. From El'izabelhtoivn delightful trips arc made into the Mountain region, Ihrough Keene Valley via Indian Pass, and to An S ible Pond, one of the mosi beautiful spots in the Wilderness, also via North Elba, Lake Placid and "^''tlm'ington Xotch, passing immediately under the shadow of Wh'iteface and 'haystack Mountains, and out at Au Sable station, or return to Elizabethtown. From CROWN POINT. Take Crown Point Iron Co.'s Railroad to //(/7/i- •mondville, 10 miles. Stages leave Hammondville for Paradox Lake, 9 miles, jind Schroon Lake, 12 miles. From SARATOG.\ via Adirondack Company^s Railroad. Trains leava Saratoga 9.35 a.m., 2.40 p.m., for Luzerne, 22 miles ; Riverside, 50 miles ; and North Creek, 57 miles. Stages leave Riverside from all trains, to Schroon Lake, 1 miles, to southern end, then by .steamer to all landings through to head of the lake. Stages and private conveyances leave North Creek on arrival of all trains, for Blue Mountain Lake, 30 miles. Steamers from Blue Mountain Lake twice daily to Raquette Lake, and by carry of \ mile to Forked Lake, THE ADIRONDACKS. HOTELS IN THE ADIRONDACKS. ICliSOKT. HOTELS. CAP POST-OFFICE. Au Palilo ' hasm. . . JJlue Mountain Lako Lake View House Bliie Mountain Luke House... Blue Mountain House 200 300 60 500 Au Sable Chasm, Blue Mt. Lake, N.t riinteaugav Lake . . ' ■ lid/ph's " 150'Lyon Mountain, 50 Cascadeville, 200 Elizabethtown, 125 100 100 Blue Mt. Lake. «' ]'Mmond s Pond J'.lizahf'ilitowu Cascade House T/ie Wint/.'ior Mansion House « Valley House " Forked Lake Forked lake House ry)^--' ■5:LRj[LP!!liMi ^^gil^li';:^!!^ MONTREAL. HENRY HOGAN, - - - Proprietor. For the past thirty years this HOTEL familiarly known as the "ST. LAWRENCE " has been a household word to all Travelers on the Conti- nent of North America, and has been patronized by all the ROYAL and NOBLE Personages who have visited the City of Montreal. This HOTEL, including the entire block which is admirably situated', being in the very heart of the city and contiguous to the General Post Office, Public Buildings and other places of Interest and of Business, has recently been acquired by Mr. Henry Hogan, the former proprietor, who has handsomely and appropriately decorated and renovated the interior, and completely refitted the whole of the apartments with new furniture, comprising lOO new rooms making the present number of apartments 250^ A new and elegant Passenger Elevator has also been added, and the Hall$ and Public Rooms are lighted by the Electric and Incandescent Lights, making it the most attractively lighted Hotel in the Dominion. The HOTEL is managed by Mr. Samuel Montgomery under the im- mediate personal supervision of Mr. Hogan, than whom no one is better qualified to conduct an hostelry of such magnitude as the ST. LAW- RENCE HALL, and than whom no one has gained a better reputation as an obliging, generous and considerate host. 1 Hotel Coaches are in attendance on Arrival of all Trains and Steamers. All Baggage Checks should be gi^en to the Porters in Attendance, GIBB & CO., ESTABLISHED 1775. MERgHANT-TAILORg -^^UNTID- Gentlemen's Haberdashers, I MONTREAL. J. J. MiLLOY, TAILOR, 259 St. James Street, MONTREAL. CANADA. GENTLEMEN'S CLOTHING TO ORDER ON SHORT NOTICE. Ladies' Suits, Coats, Riding Habits, ETC., PEOM EXCLUSIVE STYLES AND PATTEENS, TO ORDER ON SHORT NOTICE TO Accommodate Transient Travel. GRAND TRUNK RAILWAY. THE GREAT INTERNATIONAL HIGHWAY Between every City in Ontario and Quebec and all Principal Points across the American Continent. THIS aREAT TOURIST LINE Reaches all the Famous Samiiier Pleasure Resorts. OLD ORCHARD BEACH, PORTLAND. WHITE MOUNTAINS. QUEBEC. RAPIDS OF THE RIVER ST. LAWRENCE, THOUSAND ISLANDS, NIAGARA FALLS, LAKES CHAMPLAIN AND GEORGE. Also the following Business Centres: MONTREAL, PETERBORO, LONDON, OTTAWA, HAMILTON, CHATHAM, BKOCKVILLE, ST. CATHARINES SARNIA. KINGSTON, TORONTO. DETROIT, BUFFALO, CHICAGO, ETC. PULLMAN PALACE, SLEEPIN& & PARLOR CARS Are attached to all express trains and run throagli on quick time. An extensive variety of tourists' tickets on hand at all principal offices, comprising the most popular and interest- ing routes on the Continent. Tbrongti Tickets at Lowest Fares on Sale at all Stations and Agencies. WK. ESOAB, J. J. SEABa&AlTT, J, HICESOK, Gen. Pass. Agent. Traffic Uanager. General Uanaeer. HEAD OFFICES, - MOJSlTBEALt CANADA, i trcB 5 ts'pj © p p CD g S H "^ CD'S D 5 I^ P "^ S'r, GO l-h 71 >^P fiig S"g. i &^ ^ R '"an o £r H O ^CTo, g-g trr'o P M P t>gC(Q ^5 CD P f^ Ct> M- P S-' ^&- S-p &i S'S'cfQ g [I'm . p ri. n- 5-,-.9 p p P ^^ S-?" &:B T' CD ^ Cr ^ SS P '-'• SOggP 2 B 3 P'"' 2 E (t> „ £Lrt- t" H tj'P P ■1 *^ P O (B ^^ . (TO p CI JD O ^p r^S. P g:P P-g^ l^a 2..2.P =^ S '3" P « v< r. ^ w a» SENFXA LAKE STEAM NAVIGATION CO.,Limitld. TOURISTS POPULAR ROUTE liKTW EEN "WATKIITS GLEIT, LOJNGr JPOIP^T (where are located the Long Point Hotel and Pavilion), GENEVA and NIAG-ARA FALLS. SIX TEIPS DAILY DURING THE EXCURSION SEASON. Close connections at GENEVA -with N. Y. C. & H. R. and L. V. R. Rs., at WATKINS with N. C. Ry. MEALS ON STEAMERS. FREE TRANSFER OF BAGGAGE. W. B. DUNNING, Superintendent, PARK CENTRAL HOTEL, HARTFORD, CONN, Located one block frois Union Depot and facing Capital Park, has beeu remodeled and refurnished. Having Steam Elevator, Hot and Cold Water, Electric Bells and thoroughly heated by Steam. Dining Koom, Office and Billiard Eoom lighted witniilectric Light. IfeATES $S.50 PER, »AX. Special rates to travellers stopping over Sunday and to permanent boarders. Porters in -.ttendance to all trains. Open day and night. ¥. KETOHUM, Manager and Proprietor. 1 BERKSHIRE HILLS, MANSION HOUSE, WILLIAMSTOWN, MASS, The most delightful summer resort in New England. Rooms large, light and airy, with a fine view from them all. Perfect system of drain- age renders it one of the healthiest of locations. For terms, address A. A. JONES, WiLLIAMSTOWN, MaSS. ALSO MANAGER OF THE HAMILTON, BERMUDA. Open from December to May. The finest winter resort in the world; climate perfect; situated directly on the harbor and commanding the finest view on the island. Four hundred feet of broad piazza. Hot, cold and salt water baths. Gas, electric bells, etc., and entirely free from datnp- ness. 65 hours from New York by first-class steamers. Pamphlets descriptive of the Island sent on application. LELAND'S OCEAN HOTEL, JUNE, JULY, AUGUST AND SEPTEMBER, SPECIAL FAMILY RATES. 200 Rooms at $21. OO Per Week. W^ WARREN LEIiAND, Jr. isftftiitsfiltP flltl.fttffltlgff' ttttlilffiifpij COSMOPOLITAN HOTEL, Cor. Chambers St. and "West Broadway, N- T. One of the best hotels in New York for the travelinpr public. Centrally located and most economical in prices. This Hotel has been recently re-fiUid and is complete in all itn appointments. It is centrally located, the principal City Railways pass the door, is five min« utcs' walk of the New Jersey Central, Pennsylvania, Delaware, Lackawanna and Western. Erie Rail-Roads, all Hudson River Steamboats ; within fifteen minutes' ride ot 61 and Central Depot and Central Park by Elevated Railroad. An Otif Brothers' Elevator carries guests to every floor, rendering all rooms easy of access. The house contains a Barber's Shop with range of Baths, a Railroad Ticket Office where Tickets may be obtained at the same prices as at the depots, a Billiard Boom, and a News Office for the sale of Daily and Weekly Papers, Periodicals, Etc fioomsSO cents, $1.00 per day and upwards. Eooms for two, $1.50 per iij and upwards, according to size and location, Family rooms at reduced rates, N. So S. J. HUG&INS, Proprietors. First-Class RESTAUR ANT, at Popular Prices. SIOTEL JSi'Jk.TSlJkJSr'J} W!i;j^Ji.^y TT^rsp NAHANT, MASS. /]/EW and COMPLETE in all its APPOINTMENTS. Accommodations for 150 Guests. HOUSE AND GEOUNDS LIGHTED BY ELECTKIOITY. This Hotel is situated at the terminus of the Lynn Horse Railroad, on Nahaut Beach, five minutes from the depots and twenty-five minutes from Boston. Elegant Drives on Hard Beach. Unexcelled Surf Batiiino. No Undertow. Perfectly Safe. The ocean nearly sur- rounds the house. This renders the temperature always cool and delightful. A good Livery is connected with the hoiise. The proprietors will spare no pains to make their guests oomfortable. SAMUEL SOULE & SON, Proprietors. "THE PAVILION/' STATEN ISLAND, NEW BRIGHTON, N. Y. SO Minates from New York. Boats leave foot of "Whitehall every 20 Minutes. This hotel has 265 rooms, and offers itself as a most desirable place of residence summer or win- ter. House thoroughly equipped and appointed for a first-class hotel and is superior to many more pretentious houses, and is the only first-class house on Staten Island. Satisfactory rates for the season can now be made. Single adults, $12.00 to $18.00 per week. Gentleman and Wife, $25.00 to $40.00. Transient, $3.50 per day. L. RHOADES, Proprietor. THE NEW BOOK OF WORSHIP. Songs of Christian f raise. FOR CHOIR AND CONGREGATION. Published with or without Scripture Selections for Responsive Reading. KDITED BY REV. CHARLES H. RICHARDS, D.D SONGS OF CHRISTIAN PRAISE has already been adopted by many shurcbes throughout the country, and has been received with unqualified satisfact.on. Testinionials from the I*ress. The NeTV York Observer snys: '"It contains everything essential to a haniib) >k for general worship and speeial services. While it is attractively publUhed it is furnished at a price which is intended to make it popular." The Interior, Chic-a^o. Ill : '• Not burdened with lumber, it is yet large enough f r all uses; choice enough to satisfy the mo.-^t cultivated taste, and popular enough to lead the congrejiat ion." Tlie Coiie desired." Testimonials from tlie Pulpit. Rev.O. Ij. Spinlns:, D.D., Clevpland, Ohio: " It is the best I have ever seen " Rev. O. I.. Thompson, D.D., Pastor of Presbyterian Church, Kansas City. Mo.: "It is every way an admirable b ok, convenient in size and shape, rich in hymns and tunes, and fidly ailapted to all the demands of social and public worship." Rev. W. K. Knox, D. D., Pastor First Pre-bjterian Church, Elmira, N. Y.: " Your volume of Christian Praise is very attra(;tive. Mi chanically and typographically it is the highest stvie of art. The hymns I like for their -devotional character.'' Rev. J. E. Rankin, U.D., Washington, D.C.: "The book isagrand on«, Cerlaiidy the best of its kind I have ever examined." Rev. J. Hall ITIcIlvaine, Providence, R.T.: "After two years u=e, I regard ' Soii'_rs of Christian Praise ' as bc.\ ond compari.son with any book that I have ever seen." Rev. J. ti, Vose, D.D., Providence, R.I., says:" " Our people are unanimous in its favor, and enjoy it more and more." Hev. T. Itl. .Tloiiroe, of Akron, Ohio, says: "The book grows upon us, "and we heartily commend it.'' Rev. W. H. Tiiomafi, siys : "Your hymn-book has more than met our ex- pectations. It is a work of nieiit, and impmves with use. It gives perfe<-t satisfaction " Rev. Frank P. Woodbury, D.D. , Rockford. 111., savs: "Our high expectations of the popular acceptance of the book, when, after thorough examination an 1 extensive comparison, we ordered 451) copies, have been more than fulfilled ' Rev. Namiicl Conn, D.D., St. Paul, Minn., says: "We decided upon 'Songs of Christia i Praise.' after a thorough comparison with several other books. A shorf trial in actual worship has confirmed our favorable opinion of it." Rev. Ij. O. KraMtow, D.D., Burlington, Vt., says: " To me iiersonally it is exceedingly satisfactory, it gives satisfaction to the church and congregation " Rev. Eli Corwin D.D., Racine, Wis., says: " The book is admirable for church service, and is the best for that purpose with which I am acquainted." Returnable Copies sent free to Pastors or Church Committees desirine books for examination. A twenty-four page pampMet, cotitaining specimen pages, testimonials, price lists etc., mailed tree to any address on appUc thm to Published by TAINTOR BROTHERS «Sc CO., 18 and 20 Asfor Place, New York. ,,-«««^ ■^ lO ^ f^ c w o J^ GO H 55 '.> THOUSAND ISLAND HOUSE, ALEXANDRIA BAY, N. Y. On the banks of the St. Lawrence Eiver. First-class in every respect, magnificent situation, no malai'ia, no hay fever. Perfect drainage, pure water, finest fishing in America. House refitted dur- ing the past winter at great expense. Prices to suit the times, (Special rates to families. B. H. SOUTHGATE, Proprietor, CHAS. r, CLEMES, Manager. 1-3 ^ ►1 TAINTOR'S GUIDE-BOOKS TAINTOR BROTHERS & CO., Publishers, 18 & 20 Astor Place, New York. These GuideB describe all Cities, Towns and Stations on the routes, giving items of interest to the traveler for business and pleasure, and are ILLUSTRATED ^A^TH MAPS AND WOODCUTS. PRICE, 25 CEXTS EACH, BY MAIL. " City of New York."— Containing descriptions of and direc- tions for visiting the Public Buildings, I'laces of Amusement, Library, etc. A new Street Directory, Travelers' Directory, aud a Map of New York, Brooklyn, Jersej' City, Hoboken, etc. ''Hudson Ki%'Cr Route."— New York to West Point, Cats- kill Mountains, Albany, Troy, Saratoga Springs, Lake George, Lake Cham- plain, Adiroudacks, Montreal and Quebec, via Hudson River Steamers. "Saratoga Illustrate*!." — The Visitors' Guide to Saratoga Springs, with maps and wood cuts. "Sarato;;;*. IVIiueral "Waters."— Directions for their use by Dr. \V. O. Stillman, of Saratoga Sjirings, N. Y. Sea-Side Resorts.— a Hand-book for Health and Pleasure Seekers, for the Atlantic Coast from the St. Lawrence to the Mississippi. "Tiie Northern Reports." — Boston to the White Moutains, Lake Memphremagog, Green Mountains, Lake Champlain, Sheldon, Massena, Ogdensburgh, Montreal and Quebec. "The Pennsylvania Coal Regions."- New York and Philadelphia to Easton, Bethlehem, Delaware Water Gap, Mauch Chunk, Scrauton, Harrisburg, Williamsport and Elmira. "Tiie Erie Route."— New York to Ithaca, Watkins' Glen,' Rochester, Dunkirk, Buffalo and Niagara Falls, via Erie Railway anij branches. "New York to Saratojja, Buffalo and Niagara Falls."— Via Hudson River and New York Central R.R. "The Newport and Fall River Route."- New York to Boston, via Newport and Fall River. With descriptions of Newport and Narragansctt Bay. ''Conneetieut River Routo." — New York to the White Mountains, via N. Y. & N. H. and Connecticut River R.R. "New York to Philatlelpliia, Baltimore and Washington." Published by TAINTOR BROTHERS & CO., 18 and 20 Asfor riuce, New York, 4 THE N.Y, TRIBUNE MAKES A SPECIALTY OF SUMMER RESORT NEWS, The Paper will be sent to any address for 75 CENTS A MONTH. The Tribune is delivered every Sunday at nearly all the Northern Summer Resorts by SPECIAL FAST TRAIN, Run solely to carry Newspapers. THE TRIBUNE LEADS all the New York papers in enterprise and interest, and DOES NOT DEPEND ON SENSATION AND TRASH FOR CIRCULATION. 75 Cents a Month, or $8.50 a Year. TOURISTS' IDEAL ROUTE, j NIAGARA TO THE SEA. EOME, WATERTOWN & O&DENSBURG R. R. Great Highway and Favorite Route for Fashionable Pleasure Travel. Only All-Rail Route to Thousand Islands. 1887. NEW FAST TRAINS, AVOIDING STOPS. 1887. WAGNER PALACE SLEEPING CARS. NEW YORK AND PAUL SMITH'S, 15 Hours. NEW YORK AND CLAYTON, 11 Hours. NIAGARA FALLS AND CLAYTON, 9% Hours. NIAGARA FALLS AND PORTLAND, MAINE, 24 Hours. Via Norwood, Fabyaus, ('rawford Notch, and all White Mountain Resorts. WAGNER PALACE DRAWING-ROOM CARS. NIAGARA FALLS AND CLAYTON. ROCHESTER AND CLAYTON. SYRACUSE AND CLAYTON. | ALBANY AND CLAYTON. UTICA AND CLAYTON. Dii'ect and immediate connections are made at Clayton with powerful steamers for Alexandria Ray and all Thousand Island Resorts, also with Rich. \' Ont. Nav. Co. Steamers for Montreal, Quebec and River Saguenay, passing all of the Thousand Islands and Rapids of the River St. Lawrence by day- light. For tickets, time-tables and fuither information apply to nearest ticket ageat or correspond with General Passenger Agent, Oswego, N. Y. ROUTES AND RATES FOR SUMMER TOURS. A beautiful book of 150 pages, profusely illustrated, contains maps, cost of tours, list of hotels, and describes over 300 Combination Summer Tours via Thousand Islands and Rapids of the St. Lawrence River, Saguenay River, Gulf of St. Lawrence, Lake Champlain, Lake George, White Moun- tains, to Portland, Kennebunk, Boston, New York and all Mountain, Lake, River and Sea Shore Resorts in Canada, New York and New England. It la the Destbook given away. Send ten cents postage to General Passenger Agent, Oswego, N. Y. , fcr a copy before deciding upon your summer trip. THEO. BUTTERFIELD, H. M. BRITTON, Gen'l Passenger Agent, Gen'l Manager. Oswego, N. Y. Saratoga Kissingen Spring Natural Mineral Water. Unsurpassed as rii aperient, diuretic and alterative. Highly effer- vescent, and unexcelled as a Table Watek. Very efficacious in its action upon the stomach, liver and kidneys, and is a great aid to digestion. THE SARATOGA KISSINGEN has more fixed gas than any other Natural Mineral Spring Water in this country. It is, therefore, the most marketable, as it retains all its qualities after bottling, and without regard to climate. DIRECTIONS. As an Aperient— Drink before breakfast one pint, at a moderate temperature. As a Diuretic — Take in smaller quantities frequently during the day. For Indigestion — Take one glassful just before or after meals. For sale in cases of four dozen pints, or two dozen quarts, and to the trade, for draught purposes, in block-tin-lined barrels. All orders should be addressed to SARATOGA KISSINGEN COMPANY, Saratoga Springs, N. Y. Or, No. 11 West 27th Street, New York City. SARATOGA OFFICE, No. 3 GRAND UNION BLOCK. PEOPLE'S EVENING LINE BETWEEN NEW YORK AND ALBANY, During the Season of Xavii;uti..ii, llit^ Steamers DREW or DEAN RICHMOND, Capt. S. J. ROE. Capt THOS. POST, MILL. LEAVE NEW YORK FOR ALBANY, Daily, Stmdays excepted, at 6 P. M., from Pier 41 (Old No.) Nortli Kiver, Foot of Canal Street. Connecting with trains for SARATOGA, LAKE GEORGE, LAKE CHAM- PLAIN, the ADIKONDACKS and Summer Resorts of the I^OllTH, EAST AND WEST. Saratoga Office, 369 Broadway. L.EAV E ALBANY . Every weekday at 8 P. M., or on arrival of trains from NORTH, EAST and WEST, connecting at New York with ALL EARLY TRAINS for the SOUTH. Meals on the European Plan. FOR TICKEXS IN NK'W YORK Apply at Company's Office (Pier 41 North River); and at all principal Hotels and Ticket Offices in New York, and on board the Steamers. R. R. Office throughout the country. Tickets sold and baggage checked to all points WEST via N. Y. C. & H. R R., N. Y. & W. S.. D. & H. C. Co., Fitchburg, Cent'l Vt., B. & A., and O. & L. C. Bail- roads, etc. W. W. EVERETT, J. H. ALLAIRE, M. B. WATERS, Presidtnt. Gen'l T. Agent. Gen J'asn Agent. WILLARDS HOTEL WASHINGTON, D. C. This old-established and chosen rendezvous and favorite abiding- place of the most famous men and women of America has, under the present management, been thoroughly renovated at an expense of over $100,000, and is now pronounced as the model Hotel in regard to luxurious apartments, cuisine, service and systepi for heat- ing and ventilation. The ' ' WiLLAED " is located within a stone's-throw of the Execu- tive Mansion, Treasury, War, Navy and State Departments, the De- partment of Justice, Corcoran Art Gallery, and other numerous points of interest, and can justly be called the most convenient Hotel for tourists and other travelers in Washington City. 0. G. STAPLES, Proprietor. Formerly of the Thousand Island House. DRINK THE GENTTINE EXCELSIOR WATER OF SARATOGA. CURES DYSPEPSIA, HEADACHES, CONSTIPATION, ETC. S'llil ou Draught and in Bottles by First-class Druggists and Hotels. TRADE MARK. The Genuine EXCELSIOR WATER is sold on Draught only through the Trade Mark. Ask your druggist for it, and be sure yon get the " EXCELSIOR" drairn through the Trade Mark as ahoiirn in the annexed sketch. Avoid Artificial J and Recharged IVaters. The " Excelsior " Water is unequalled as a cathartic and diuretic, and is used with great success in treating diseases of the Liver and Kidneys. See below letters from two of our best known medical men. From Forriycp Barker, M. D., of New York. I make great use of the various mineral waters in my practice, and I regard the "Excelsior " Spring Water of Saratopa as the best saline and alkaline laxative of this class. .Sparkling with Carhonic Acid G.is. it is to most persons very agreeable to the taste, and prompt in action as a gentle Diuretic and Cathartic. FOKDYCE BARKER, M. D. From Alfred L. Looniifi, M. D., of New York. During my whole professional life I have been accustomed to use freely the Water of Congress and Empire Springs. About six months since, accidentally, I was furnished with a few bottles of the "Excelsior" ^pIing Water, and foiind it so much mort' agreeable to the taste and pleasant in its effects than either Congress or Empire Water, that I have since used it myself, and recommend it to patients requiring a gentle Cathartic and Diuretic. A. L. LOOM IS, M. V. THE BOTTLED "EXCELSIOR" WATER is unexcelled, and retains all its properties unim- paired for years. Address FRANK W LAWRENCE, Proprietor £xcelsior and Union Springs, SARATOGA SPRINGS, N. Y. DRS. STRONG'S REMEDIAL INSTITUTE, Saratoga Springs, JV, T. POPULAR SUMMER RESORT. Open all the year. Receives patients or boarders, permanent or transient. Location central, quiet, shady and within three minutes' walk of the large hotels, principal springs. Congress Park, and other sources of attraction. Fine Lawn Tennis and Croquet Grounds. Desirable rooms, extensive piazzas, ample grounds. Table and appointments Fir.st-Class. Heated by steam. The bath department is complete and elegant, affording Turk. isJi, Hnssian, Roman and Electro-tlieriual BatUs. Genial, cultured society and a pleasant home are always found here. It is the '©sort of many eminent persons for rpst and recreation Among its patrons and references are Rev. Theo. L. Cutler, D D. (Brooklyn); Rev. Chajs. F. Deems, O. D. (N.Y.); Rev. R. D. Harpee, D. D. (Philadelphia); liev. C. C. "Chaplain" McCabe (Chicago); Rev. Pr. J.no. Potts (Ottawa): Bishops Foss and Haekis; Hon. F. C. Sessions (Columbus. O); J. M. Phillips (M. E. Book Concern, N. Y); Jas. McCbeeby (N. Y.); Ex-Gov. Wells (Va.): Presidents McCosh (Princeton), Hitch- cock (Union Theol. Sem.), Waeebk (Boston Univ.); Judges Reynolds (Brooklyn), Drake (Washington), Hand (Penn ), Bliss (Mo.): Med. Profs. Ross (Chicago), Knapp, (i<. y.). Ford (Ann Arbor), and many others equally known. During the entire year the Institute is made specially attractive to its guests by frequent entertainments of varied character. There is no appearance of invalidism. The remedial and hotel interests in no way interfere, patients receiving at all times every care and attention. The proprietors are " regular " physicians, graduates of the Medical Department, University of the City of New York. The Institute is the largest and best in Saratoga, and one of the most complete in its appointments in the country, and is endorsed and largely patronized by the medical profe8.sion. Besides the ordinary remedial agents available in general practice, such special appliances are used as Massage, Turkish, Russian, Roman, Electro-thermal, Hydro- pathic Baths; Galvanic and Faradic Electricity. Pneumatic Cabinet, Vacuum Treat- ment, Movement Cure, Compressed Air, Oxygen and Medicated Inhalations, Health Lift, Calisthenics, and the Mineral Waters. SEND FOR CIRCULAR. SARATOGA GEYSER WATER! ''Applicable to a Greater Number of Persons than any other Water at Saratoga." FOR DYSPEPSIA it is unrivalled. It contains more Soda and Magnesia combined than any other Saratoga water. FOR KIDYEY DISEASES it, beyond dispute, excels all other \Araters. It contains a much larger quantity of Lithia than any of the so-called Lithia ■waters. AS A CATHARTIC, when taken rather warm before breakfast, it is tnild yet thorough. It is not a harsh water. BEWARE OF MANUFACTURED WATER. Ask for SARATOGA Geyser. For Sale by the Glass, fresh from the Bottle, at our office, cor. Broadway and Congress Sts., Saratoga Springs, N. Y. ADDRESS, GEYSER SPRING CO., Saratoga Springs, N.Y. THE INDEPENDENT. "One of the alilpst weeklies in existence."- /i?// Mall Gazette, London, England. "Tlieiiiost inflnciitial religions organ in Ihe Slates."— 77i ^ TJ ^ P 3. ■6© 05 (B p X .«r 3 m o » ■m ■ ^ 00 7^ n3 re •-1 ID c 2 » TO < b (D fi) m - fr < 2: p |;< n O X o F O m SHOULD BE IN EVERY HOME. 1887. " 1887. THE CHRISTIAN UNION, Tie Best Weetly Family NewsDaper PnWisliel GIVES ITS READERS EACH WEEK A Larger Amount of Literary Matter than Any Other Religious Weekly in the World. IT IS NOT: A DENOMINATIONAL! journal: devoted to the interests of a party or a sect. A CHUKCH Ni£Wts paper: devoted to village gossip and ecclesiastical macliiuory A THEOLOGICAL paper: devoted to acrimonious debates about abstruse doctrines. A WEEKLY SCRAP paper: made up of scissoriniJs from other newspapers. A DAILY PAPER: reprinted in the form of a weekly. A STORY paper: filled up with sensational and sentimental fiction. IT IS: A NEWS paper: giving a full report of the world's history week by week, and iutpri)reting it. A CHRISTIAN paper: applying to every practical question — social, political, donjistic aud pergonal — the principles taught in the New Testament. A PROGRESSIVE paper: teaching about the things of to-day, that its readers may bo bitter pr' partd for to-morrow A COMPREHENSIVE paper: concerned with everything that concerns the well-being of men and women. A HOME paper: •edited in a home, and for home reading. A HELPFUL paper: aiming in every article to make its readers better, wiser, hai>pier. A FEARLESS paper: owing nothing to a party, a sect, or a faction. A CLEAN pap''r: allowing no "paid advertisements" in its editorial depart- ments, and no dubious iidvertisemenls anywhere. An INTERESTING paper: edited on the principle that "|If you can't make a paper so attractive that people will be eager to read it, you had better not make it at all. " EDITORS : LYMAN ABBOTT. HAMILTON W. MABIE. Three Dollars for One Year. One Dollar for Four Months. Send Postal Card for Free Specimen Copy, Addressed THE! oPiPiTSTi^^isr xjnsrioisr, 30 Lafayette Place, New York City. i WM. H. McCULLY, ]DESiaNii;R and EISraR^VER, 318 Broadway, New York. Views of Buildings, Machinery; Portraits, Newspaper and Advertis- ing Cuts of every description. ILLUSTRA'tlONS MADE FROM PHOTOGRAPHS. All work done lA the cheapest, neatest and best possible manner. TAINTOR'S NEW YORK CITY GUIDE. City of New York. — Containing descriptions of and directions for visiting the Public Buildings, etc., with numerous illustrations. A new Street Directory, Travelers' Directory, and a map of New York. Price 25 cents, by mail. Published by TAINTOR BROTHERS <5t CO., 18 and 20 Aster Place, New York. THE DOCTOR A UNIQUE PUBLICATION DEVOTED TO PHYSICIANS. Published on the ist and i6th of Each Month. — BY— CHARLES AVERY WELLES, No. 20 Astor Place, New York City. Single Copies, 10c. Subscription Per Year, $2.00. It is the gossip companion of the physician, and can be read with under- standing, interest and profit by the doctor's unprofessional friends. A series of articles upon the healthfulness of summer resorts is now appearing in The Doctor. THE UNEXCELLED UNQaESTIONABLY UNEOUALIED. DNraSAlLY USED, The Four Largest, Finest, Most Novel and Best Managed Displays of EVEK PKODUCED WEEE THOSE AT The Centennial at Newburgh, N. Y , October i8, 1883. The Presidential Inauguration at Washington, D. C, March 4, 1885. The Bi-Centennial at Albany, N. Y., July 22, 1886, and The Unveiling of the Bartholdi Statue of Liberty, at the City of New York, on November i, 1886. THEY ■WEEE MANIJFACTXJEED AHD IXRED BY THE UNEXCELLED FIREWORKS CO., ( IKCOBPORATED _ 1874 . ) Largest Manufacturers. Only Importers. Leading and Most Reliable Hoiise in FIREWORKS, FLAGS, LANTERNS, BALLOONS and DECORATION GOODS. ^A^estern House, 519 Locust Street, St. Louis, Mo. Send for Illustrated Catalogue — Feee. SARATOGA VICHY WATER, Most Delicious of Saratoga Waters. IT CORRECTS ACIDITY OF THE STOMACH, ASSISTS DIGESTION AND REGU- LATES THE KIDNEYS. A FINE TABLE WATER, It Mixes Well \vith Syrup, Wines or Milk. BEWARE OF ARTIFICIAL VICHYSI THE SARATOGA VICHY is a Pure. Natural Water; all other Vichy drawn from fountains is manufactured. Ask your Druggist or Grocer for the Saratoga Vichy, or address, SARATOGA VICHY SPRING CO., Saratoga Springs, N. Y. 1 THE New York Observer. The Oldest and Best Family Paper in the World. IT HAS ALL THE NEWS: FOREIGN AND DOMESTIC LETTERS LITERARY, BUSINESS, AGRICULTURAL, HOUSEHOLD, CHILDREN'S AND TEACHERS' DEPARTMENTS. Vigorous treatment of current topics ; Opinions worth having; There is no other paper hke it. Send for a sample copy free. ADVERTISERS FIND IT A SURE MEDIUM TO REACH CUSTOMERS. Address NEW YORK OBSERVER, NEW YORK. C. W. MOU.LTON & CO.'S PUBLICATIONS. QUERIES A Monthly Review of Literary Art, Scientific and General Educational Questions of the Day. ILLUSTRATED. One Dollar Per Annum. Single Copies Ten Cents. QUERIES WITH ANSWERS. FIRST SERIES. Two thousand, eight hundred twenty-five Questions with Answers on American History, The Antiquary, Art, Astronomy, Chemistry, Classical Mythology, Commerce and Manufacture, The Drama, Education, English Grammar, History of France, General History, Geography, German Liter- ature, American Literature, English Literature, Literature of Greece, General Literature, Mathematics, Maxims, Medicine, Modern Europe, Music, Natural History, Problems, Questions of the Day, Science, The- ology, United States History and many other miscellaneous subjects. Neatly bound in cloth with, stamp on side, 8vo. Price One Dollar, post paid. QUERIES WITH ^ANSWERS. '^ SECOND SERIES. Over three thousand Questions prepared by prominent Educators on Chemistry, Military History, Pilgrims and Shrines, Finance, Journalism, German Literature, Agriculture, Biology, Study of Words, History of France, Literature of Greece, Facetious Geography, History of Rome, Facetious Literature, Ecclesiastical History, Geology and Paleontology, History of New York, Philology, Botany, Syntax, Roman Literature, Shakespeariana, History of Philosophy, History of Kansas, Physics,etc., etc. 12mo Cloth. Price One Dollar, post paid. ■ PRIZE SELECTIONS. being familiar quotations from ENGL SH AND AMERICAN POEIS, from CHAUCER TO THE PRESENT TIME. Selected and arranged by C. W. Moulto.n. Editor of " Queries." The work consists of eight hundred and twenty-five familiar quotations selected from proHiinent English and American Poets. i6mo, cloth, pp. 242. %i.o:>. Three Hundred Dollars in Cash Prizes will be awarded by the publishers to the persons who will name the author of the greatest number of Prize Selections. Competition open until March 15, 1888. Nineteen prizes will be declared. Every purchaser of the book is entitled to compete. For further particulars obtain a copy of the work. Descriptive circular free. C. W. MOULTON & CO., PUBLISHERS AND BOOKSELLERS. BUFFALO, N. Y. Also HOTEL. POMEVAM, Milfoid Springy, Jfi H. Post Office antt Telegraph address, Amherst Station, X. 11., B. 6i L. R. R., 48 Miles from Boston. Open from July to November. C. A. GLEASON, Manager. BARNES & DUNKLEE, Proprietors. ■jaquia^ov oi Xinp uiojj uado *iiO|Sog luojj s«|iI41 HI '"M '"a "X Jp "a "H "V 'uoi»B|S ^sjatiiiiv 'ssojppB i|dB.iSai»x puw »3yiO %^o^ 'H •*! 'sSuiJds pjojum 'HVNaiCOd HiaJiOH o«lV HOTEL. POMEIVAH— Milfoid Springs, N. II. Post Office aiid Tele, graph, address, Amherst Station, N. H., B. 3D Z m o o »< B> r ■0 o c z o 30 m rn C m 2 ■ 5> > o 5 «' 00 (A 00 r» c 3 3 •sjoieiidojj '3{D!Jisunaa am jo 'aa^HNna V SHKHVa -aaSBUBre 'iJOSVaiO "V "0 •jaqtu»A.oj^ o\ Xin£» inoaj iiado 'uo^sog iHoaj sajiM 8f. '•« -^ "T ^ 'a ''H 'N 'uoi»«»s »saaxn«v *8sajpp« i|dwaS -91»X I'"' »>WO ^soj -H 'N 'sSuiJds p-io^IiK — HVNaiflOd ISXOH BOSTON CONGREGATIONALIST. While the " Congregaiionalist" stands as the representative of conservative Congregationalism, it is thoroughly awake to the dL'mands of the times, and liberal and progressive in all that is in the interests of religion, morality, and the public welfare gen- erally. It has an editorial representative in New York, and also in Chicago, an ample corps of assistant editors in the home office, and numerous correspondence in different parts of the couniry, and is thus able to furnish from week to week a great variety of fresh and attractive matter on topics of general inter- est. It is a family paper, and designed to meet the tastes and needs of different classes, and to promote all that is good and pure and elevating in the family and the church and the com- munity. The " Congregationalist" stands highest among weekly religious newspapers as an advertising medium, and is the recognized denominational organ. Its circulation is scattered throughout New England and the entire couniry, AD VE RTISING, Twenty-Five Cents per Line, with Discounts. W. L. GREENE & CO. =1-^3 Catarrh cream balm*^^ ^"" Cleanses the Head. Allays Inflamma. tioii. Heals Sores. Restores the Sen- ses of Taste, Hear- ings and Smell. A Qnick Relief. HAY-FEVER A Positive Cnre. UNEQUALED FOR COLDS IN THE HEAD. I have suffered from acute inflammation in my nose and head. My eye has been for a week at a time so I could not see. I huve used no end of remedies, also employed a doctor, who said it was impure blood— but I pot no help. 1 used Ely's Cream Balm on the recommendation of a friend. I was fuithless, but in a few days was cured. My nose, now, and iiLso my eye, is well. It is wonderful how (juick it helped me. Mrs. (JEOKGIE S. JUDSON, Hartford, Conn. I have been a severe sufferer from Catarth for the past fifteen years, with distress- ing pain over my eyes. Gradually the diseaKO worked down upon my lungs. About a year and a half ago I commenced using Ely's Cream B:ilm, with most gratifviug results, and am to-dav apparently cured. Z. C. AVAHKEN, Kutland, Vt. Messrs. Ely Bros., Druggists, Owego, N. Y.: I have been afflicted for twenty years during the months of August and September with Hay Eevcr, and have tried various remedies for its rflief without suecss. 1 was induced to try your Cream Balm ; have used it with favorable results, and can contidpntly recommend it to all similarly afflicted. liOBEKT W. TOWN LEV, (Ex-M.nyor) Elizabeth, N. J. Cataruh and Hay Fkver.— For twenty years I was a sufferer from Catarrh of the head and throat, in a very aggravated form, and during the summer with ilay Fever. I procured a bottle of Elys Cream Balm, and after a few appllc tions received decided benefit — was cured by one bottle. Have li id no return of the complaint CHARI.UTTE PARKER, Waverly, N. T. Messrs. "White & Bdudick, Druggists, Ithaca, N. T.: I recommend to those suffering (as I have been) with Hay Fever, Ely's Cream Balm. Have tried nearly all the remedies I could find, and give th's n decided preference over tliem all. It has given me immediate relief. C. T. STEPHENS, Hardware' Merchant, Ithaca, N. Y. THE NEW YORK HOTEL. This long-established favorite hotel has been put in com- plete ORDER, AND WILL COMPARE FAVORABLY IN ALL RESPECTS WITH any first-class hotel in the united states. Situated on Broadway, between Washington and Waverley Places, occupying the entire block and a large house on block adjoining, connected by a bridge. Capacity, five hundred guests. A first-class restaurant has recently been opened to accommo- date GUESTS AND THE PUBLIC GENERALLY. The location is unsurpassed for healthfulness and conven- ience of access by surface and elevated railways to all parts of the city. Conducted oir bv)th American and European plans. Price of rooms, with board, three dollars per day ; WITHOUT board, ONB DOLLAR AND UPWARD. H. CRANSTON, Proprietor. CRANSTON'S WEST POINT HOTEL, On Hudson— In the Highlands. H. CRANSTON, _ - - Proprietor. Open from May 1 to November 1. " Nature and art have combined to make West Point one of the most picturesque and attractive spots on the continent. "It does not seem possible for one to inhale the pure air of the Highlands, and enjoy the comforts provided by Mr. Cranston, without being made sensible of having received in many respects more or le»s benefit. " The complete appointments of the house, the high moral tone and standing of the guests, all serve to make a summer spent at Cranston's West Point Hotel one of the most enjoyable ever passed." — Authok OF "Hudson Highlands." MASSASOIT HOUSE, W. H. CHAPIN, SrniNGFiELD, Mass, The Msssasoit House, near Railroad Stations, was rstablisheri in 1S43. it has been twice enlarged, makin;? it three umc.a its original size, and thoroiiKhly re- modeled and refurnished. The large airy Kleepiiig rooms, futnished with hot and cold water, are e.vwlled by none in the country. Connecting rooms, en suite, for families, elegiintly furnished amt with bath-rooms attached. Special attention paid to ventilation and all sanitary improvements. The proprietors are deter- mined that the world-wide reputation of the Massasoib shall be maintained in all tespecta. Perfectly Huie Extracts of CUoicest Fruits, THE BEST. Unequaled Strength for all. Theusands of gross sold. Winning friends everywhere. DEALERS TREBI-E SALKS WITH THEM. These Delicious Flavors are used at many of the Finest Hotels in the White Monntains, Saratoga Springs, the Catskills, Seaside and Summer Resorts, and in Cit.vand Country, and sold by UealersH Krerywhere, Wholesale Agents in large cities. LABORATORY (Home Dept.), WESTFIELD, MASS. THE CALIGRAPH WRITING MACHINE. IT STANDS AT THE HEAD. 15,000 CALiIGRAPHS are in daily use, and are becoming immensely popular for their Diiiability, Speed, and inanifolding ability. We publish ^oo letters from prominent men and firms which are convincing. For specimens, etc., address, THE AMERICAN WRITING MACHINE CO., HARTFORD, CONN. JVEW YORK OFFICE, No. 237 BROADWAY. THE CRITIC. A WEEKLY REVIEW OF LITERATURE AND THE ARTS. Ten Cents a Copy; $3 a Year. Bishop Potter Always Reads " The Critic." I am glad of this opportunity to express to you my keen sense of indebtedness for The Critic. I never read it— and, no matter how much driven, I never allow it to go unread— without a fresh conviction of its rare worth. It is so thoroughly just, so discriminating, so full of the atmos- phere of a courageous, candid and open-minded criticism, that one cannot but be proud and glad that so good and helpful a journal is winning its way to the wider recognition and esteem which it so abundantly deserves. H. C. Potter. For one who desires a current report from the active world of letters, a knowledge of the best books in every department of Science. Literature and Art, careful critiques upon the principal books by specialists in the several departments of learning— there is no guide so full, scholarly, and satisfactory as The Critic. New York City. J. H. Vincent, D. D., Chancellor Chautauqua University. "Undeniably the best literary review in the United States." — Boston Globe. THE CRITIC COMPANY, 743 Broadway, New York. 67th ANNUAL STATEMENT, December 3fst, 1886. /ETNA INSURANCE COMPANY, CASH CAPITAL $4,000,000 00 Heserved for Re-Insurance (Fire) 1,797,495 06 (Inland) 10,692 15 " Unpaid Losses (Fire) 206,153 50 (Inland) 44,844 82 All other claims 59,432 66 NET SURPLUS 3,45 0,221 37 TOTAL ASSETS $97568,839 56 Cash in Bank $936,516 64 Cash in hands of Agents 374,380 20 Real Estate 358,336 70 Loans on Bond and Mortgage 43,595 00 Loans on Collaterals 11,180 00 Stocks and Bonds 7,843,486 00 Accrued Interest 1,345 02 TOTAL ASSETS $9;568;839"T6 LOSSES PAID IN 68 YEARS, $60,180,000. Wm. B. Clark, Ass't Sec. .T. Goodnow, Sec. L. J. Hendee, Pres't. JAS. A. ALEXANDER, Agt., 68 Wall St., New York. /ETNA LIFE INSURANCE CO. OF HARTFORD, CONN. ASSETS, $31,545,930.77 ui »PrfT« j by Massachusetts and Conn. Standard, 5,349,870.36 MjKri.L», ^^y jjg^ Y^^jj Standard, 6,800,000.00 CONSERVATIVE, ECONOMICAL and ''SOLID AS GRANITE." POLICIES NON-FORFEITING AND INCONTESTABLE after the death of the insured. All desirable plans of Insurance, including some which are new and especially advantageous. ADDRESS THE COMPANY OR ANY OF ITS AGENTS. M. G. BULKELEY, President. i. C WEBSTEK, Vice-President. J. L. ENGLISH, Secretary. CONNECTICUT FIRE INSURANCE COMPANY, Incorporated 1850 OF HARTFORD, Conn. Charter Perpetual. CASH CAPITAL, CASH ASSETS, $1,000,000.00 - 2,129,741.94 Westekn Department : A. WILLIAMS, Manager, 155 La Salle Street, CHICAGO, 111. PAcrFic Department : ROBERT DICKSON, manager. WM. MACDONALD, ASSISTANT Manager. SAN FEANCISCO, Cal. SCOTT & TALBOT, Agents, 45 WiLLLiM St., New York. J. D. BROWNE, President, CHAS. R. BURT, Secretary, L. W. CLARKE, Assistant-Secretary. CONGRESS SPRING, The Standard Mineral Water. It is a purely Natural Water, CATHAETIC ALTERATIVE, and slightly stimulating and tonic in its efifects, without producing the debility that usu- ally attends a course of medicine. It is used with marked success in affections of the Liver and Kidneys, and fur Dyspi-psia, Gout, Constipation and Cutaneous Diseases it is unrivaled. It is especially beneficial as a general preservative of the tone of the stomach biid purity of the blood, and a powerful preventive of Fevers and Bilious Compl lints. It is of !-pt'cial value to Ladies, as from its great purifying properties it has good effect in clearing the skin and giving it a healthy, beautiful ap- pearance. In the morning it tones the appetite and promotes digestion. The stomacli is cleanseil and purified, the nervous and muscular system iu- vigoratccl. and germs of disease thrown off. The superior excellence of Congress Water is evidenced in the happy proportioti of its several ingredients, which combine to make it so efficient, an 1 in the absolute solution in which these pure ingredients are held when BOTTLED, making it, without doubt, < ne of the best and safest saline cathartic valers ever discovered either in this country or Europe. Asa cathartic water its almost entire freedom from iron should recom- mend it above all others, many of which contain so much of this ingredient as to seriously impair their usefulness. CAUTIONARY SIGNAL. All mineral waters strong^ly impregnated with iron, when drank with freedom (especially when fasting), while injurious to all, are to persons of certain constitution and temperament posi- tively dangerous, owing to the powerful action of the iron in combination with the carbonic acid gas, which tends to accelerate the action of the heart and cause powerful pressure on the brain; thereby producing those results that so often fatally follow the cause. The above caution is necessary, the real amount of iron not being fully put forth in the analysis of several mineral spring waters. | i8®" For sale (in Bottles only) by all leading Druggists, Grocers, Wine ' Merchants and Hotels. Address, CONGRESS SPRING CO., SAR.A.TOGA SPRINGS, N. Y. I; HUDSON RIVER BY DAYLIGHT. DAY LINE STEAMERS, "NEW YORK" AND "ALBANY," tieave New York, Vestry St., Pier 39, N. E. (adjoining Jersey City Perry), 8.40 a. m., and foot 22d St., N. E., 9 a. m., landing at Yonkers, West Point, Newburgh, Poughkeepsie, Ehinebeck, Catskill and Hudson. Eeturning, leave Albany, 8.30 a. m., from foot of Hamilton St., arriving in New York at 5.30 p. m. CHOICE OF TTTO liOXJTES^ TO THE RESORTS OF THE CATSKILLS. CONNECTIONS. BROOKLYN— Annex leaves Fulton Street at 8.00 a. m. Leaves Vestry Street Pier on arrival of down boat. WEST rOIJVT-With Stages for Cranston's and West Point Hotels, and with down boat at 2.50. yElFBURGH-Wiih down boat at 2.15. RHINE BECK— With Ferry for Rondout, and Ulster & Delaware E. E. for Calskill Mountain Resorts, and Wallkill Valley E. E. for Lake Mohonk. CATSKILL.— WiVn Catskill Mountain E. E. ir/r/D.SOJV—With Boston and Albany E. E , for Chatham, Pittsfield, North Adams, Lebanon Springs, etc. 4/yB JiVi^— With through trains for Utica, Alexandria Bay, Geneva, Niagara Falls, Buffalo, Watertown, Thousand Islands and Western Points. Special trains to and from Saratoga. Through tickets sold to all points. DINING SALOON ON THE MAIN DECK. Meals served on the Enropenn Plan. MUSIC THROUGHOUT THE TRIP. jm- TEIP TICKETS from New York to West Point or Newburgh veturning same day, 1794. 1887. HARTFORD Fire Insurance Co. OF HARTFORD, CONN. STATEMENT JANUAHY 1, 1887. Cash Capital, - - - $1,250,000 00 Reserve for Re-Insurance (legal standard), - 1,764,932 23 Outstanding Claims, - - - 251,027 48 Polioy Holders' Surplus, - - - 3,039,986 74 Net Surplus over Capital and All Liabilities, 1,789,98G 74 Total Assets, $5,055,946 45 Net. Premiiims received during the year, • $2,350,37159 Total Income received during the year, - - 2,561,066 97 Increase in Assets, . . - 310,604 53 Increase in Net Surplus, - - - 346,627 53 GEO. L. CHASE, President. P. C. ROYCE, Secretary. THOMAS TURNBULL, Ass't Secretary. WESTERN DEPARTMENT. G. F. BISSELL, - . - - - - General Agent. P. P. HEYWOOD, - - - Assistant General Agent. CHICAGO, ILL. PACIFIC DEPARTMENT. BELDEN & COFRON, ..... Managers. SAN FRANCISCO, CAL. BRANCH OFFICE. 158 BROADWAY, - - - - NEW YORK. GEORGE M. COIT, Agent. t^fioto^rapfiert 87 2 BROADWAY, Cor. 1 8th Street. NEW YORK. Formerly A. Bogardus & Co. Mr. Heffer i,nves personal attention to his patrons. Special attention given to Photographing Babies and Children. INSTANTANEOUS PHOTOGRAPHY. TOBACCO AND CIGARETTES ESPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR TOURISTS. Fine Smoking Mixtures— Three Kings, Turk- ish and Virginia, Perique and Virginia, Mellow Mixture, Salmagundi, Granulated. KIMBALL'S SATIN STRAIGHT CUT CIGARETTES. People of refined taste who desire exceptionally fine Cigarettes should use only our Straight Cut, put up in satin packets and boxes of 1 Os, 20s, 50s, and 1 OOs. W. S. KIMBALL & CO, 14. FIRST PRIZE MEDALS . Rochester, N. Y. THE PHCENIX Insurance Company, OF HARTFORD, CONN. Cash Capital, - - $2,000,000.00 Losses Paid Since Organization of Company, over ^21,455,004.(6. STATEMENT, JANUARY 1. 1887. Cash Capita], - - - $2,000,000.00 Reserve for Unadjusted Losses, - - 203,51)0,30 Reserve for Re-Insurance, - - - 1,483,992.64 Net Surplus, . - - - 1,022,345.67 Total Assets, - - - $4,709,928.61 H. KELLOGG, President. I A. W. JILLSON, Vice-President. D. W. C. SKILTON, Secretary. | G. H. BURDICK, Ass't Secretary. WESTERN DEPARTMENT. H. M. MAGILL, General Afirent, - - Cincinnati, Ohio. THEO. F. SPEAR, Ass't General Ag-ent, - Cincinnati, Ohio. PACIFIC DEPARTMENT, A. E. MAGILL, General Ag-ent, - - San Francisco, Cal. BRANCH OFFICE: NEW YORK CITY, 158 BROADWAY, GEO. M. COIT, Resident Agent. ^WifS