H nam 3553 CMg»£-inch feed rolls— short apron and rails to receive feeder, and direct connections for driving same, with automatic device for starting and stopping the feed of both, controlled by knock-off on the lapper. The evener, when applied to this machine in connection with the automatic feeder, automatically controls the amount of cotton being delivered, regardless of whether the hopper is full, half fuii or nearly empty. The amount of cotton passing through the evener rolls regulates the speed of the lifting apron in the feeder, and as the quantity of cotton in the hopper grows less the lifting apron and also feed rolls on opener are correspondingly in- creased in speed, so that the quantity delivered to the beater is always the same. We have several patents covering this arrangement, and any device wherein the speed of lifting apron is automatically varied would be an infringement thereof. Atlanta, Ga., STUART W. CRAMER, Charlotte, N. C. Kitson Picking Machinery, Continued. Cylinder Openers. — Previous to the introduction of the Automatic Feeder, opening machinery was required to handle cotton in a hard, matted condition, directly from the com- pressed bale. The cylinder opener was designed particu- larly to meet these conditions and is now furnished when called for. Although modern conditions are fully met by the new O. 7 opener, we are prepared to build this type of machine with either 10" or 31" Buckley style cylinders as a substitute for the 3 blade 20" beater if desired. The Perham Patent Inclined Cleaning Trunk.— All cot- ton contains more or less light dirt and leaf which cannot be entirely removed by the lappers, as the fan draught essen- tial to the formation of a good sheet on the screens carries much of the lighter refuse along with the cotton. By pass- ing the cotton over a fine grid surface, at a slow velocity, all foreign matter that is heavier than the cotton will gradually settle, and trunk systems afford efficient means for the col- lection and removal of this light refuse. The most compact and efficient of these arrangements is illustrated on the next page. The cotton slowly passing over the transverse slats or grids a, the foreign matter falls between them and is collected in the pockets b. This separation is further increased by the inclined position of the grid surface, as it will be noted that each slat or grid is a little higher than the preceding one, so that it presents a narrow surface against which the dirt impinges and is retarded, causing it to fall between the grids to the pockets. A bottom for all the pockets is formed by a cover c, which extends the whole length of the trunk, and is shown closed in Fig. 1. The trunk can be instantly cleaned by bringing the lever d to position shown in Fig. 2, which removes the cover c from all the pockets and the dirt slides down the incline to a box placed at the bottom to receive it, or, as is frequently the case, directly to dust room, through a connection we make for that purpose. Atlanta, Ga„ STUART W. CRAMER, Charlotte, N. C. Kitson Picking Machinery t Continued. 13 Atlanta, Ga., STUART W. CRAMER, Charlotte, N. C. Kitson Picking Machinery, Continued. The Robinson Patent Cleaning Trunk.— A style of trunk which has superseded the common horizontal trunk is shown in Figs, i and 2 on the next page. Its chief point of superi- ority is due to ready means afforded for disposing of the refuse which collects in the pockets. As the cotton slowly passes over the grid surface a, the dirt settles into the pockets b, the bottoms of which, it will be observed, are hinged at d. To the hinge of each is fastened a handle e, which is held in its proper closed position by the spring f. Below the pockets is a passage g connected to a fan h, and having at each end a door i and j, so that any one of a set of from 1 to 6 trunks may be connected at will with the fan which is arranged to clean out the whole number. Considering the illustration to represent one of a set of trunks, its operation is as follows : having started the fan, both doors i and j are opened as shown in Fig. 2, producing a current of air through the passage g. Pressing the spring f releases the bottom c of the pockets, which swings to open position shown in Fig. 2, allowing refuse to fall, and it is carried along by the air current through the pipe I to the fan, and discharged through the pipe k to dust room below. Patent Sprinkler. — Nearly all fires in picker rooms are caused by foreign bodies carried along by the cotton, and usually start at the opener where hard substances first come in contact with the beater. When desired we can place on top of the cleaning trunk at suitable intervals, convex domes holding sprinkler heads, so that a very slight fire will cause the sprinklers to open and extinguish it in time to prevent any damage whatever. Such sprinkler connections are shown on the sections of cleaning trunks, pages 13 and 15 ; they are designated by the letter s. 14 Atlanta, Ga„ STUART "W. CRAMER, Charlotte, N. C. Kitson Picking Machinery, Continued. 15 Atlanta, Ga., STUART W. CRAMER, Charlotte, N. C. Kitson Picking Machinery, Continued. ONE BEATER BREAKER LAPPER. (With Condenser and Gauge Box Feed.) Where the opening room is a considerable distance from the room in which the lappers are located it is customary to connect the openers with the Breaker Lappers by means of some form of trunk, and provide a suitable device to auto- matically stop the feed on the opener when doffing the laps, or otherwise stopping the Breaker Lapper. It is evident that there is a considerable quantity of cotton in transit between the opener and the lapper, which if not cared for, will produce an extra thick place in the next lap made and a correspondingly thin place following this, while the cotton is coming through the trunk to the lapper. Any irregularity in the feed at the opener or variation due to the long distance traversed by the cotton, as well as the objections referred to above, are overcome by the arrange- ment here shown. The condenser receives the cotton subject to the varying conditions and delivers it into the Gauge Box, which in effect amounts to a doubling or averaging of these variations, and from the gauge box it feeds in a uniform manner to the beater, producing a lap that is practically of the same weight, from which is eliminated the objections due to these varying causes. This arrangement is used in many cases where the Breaker Lappers are situated from ioo to 300 feet from the openers, and one to three stories above them. This machine is also built with two beater sections when supplying several intermediates, or when the intermediate process is cut out. . 16 Atlanta, Ga., STUART W. CRAMER, Charlotte, N. G Kitson Picking Machinery, Continued. ONE BEATER BREAKER LAPPER. ("With Screen Section.) Where the connection from the Opener to the Breaker Lapper is short, as is quite often the case, where the Perham Inclined Trunk or a plain conductor is used, with the opener directly under the iapper, the objections referred to on the preceding page are very much lessened and may be disre- garded, the only objection remaining being the thick and thin places caused by stopping the feed while doffing the laps, and this is very much reduced, owing to the small amount of cotton in transit, and may be entirely obviated by removing the dog on the knockoff mechanism and doffing the laps without stopping the feed. Under such circumstances the Breaker Tapper with Screen Section here shown, gives very satisfactory results and makes a very neat connection to the openers. The screens in this section run at the same speed and form a sheet for beater exactly the same as in the first section of a two beater lapper. They are built with either one or two beater sections as may be desired. 17 Atlanta, Ga., STUART W. CRAMER, Charlotte, N. C Kitson Picking Machinery , Continued. ONE BEATER BREAKER LAPPER. (With Automatic Feeder and Evener*) In the treatment of long staple cottons many manufac- turers reduce the number of beaters in a system to the lowest possible limit, apparently considering the beating process of the lappers a necessary evil that must be endured to put the cotton into the form of a lap, disregarding proper cleaning and picking. Their specification usually calls for a one beater breaker to be followed by a one beater finisher — only two beaters in the system. This lapper meets their requirements, having 2^-inch feed rolls, three-blade beater 20 inches diameter. The beater boxes are made adjustable for varying lengths of cotton, and the cut-off is also adjustable so as to be brought into proper position whenever the beater is moved to or from the feed rolls. The cut also shows our application of an Evener to regulate the delivery from the feeder to beater. Here it is doubly important, as it insures a uniform quantity being constantly fed to the beater, producing uniform picking as well as giving very even breaker laps for the finisher, which is quite essential where the intermediate process is dis- pensed with. The construction and operation of the evener is substan- tially the same as described on a preceding page, in its application to our O. 7 Opener. 18 Atlanta, Ga., STUART W. CRAMER, Charlotte, N. C. Kitson Picking Machinery, Continued, TWO BEATER BREAKER LAPPER. (With Automatic Feeder.) When the cotton is opened on the same floor on which the lappers are located, and no trunk is to be used, a straight Two Beater Breaker Lapper like cut makes a very compact combination, uniting as shown, the Feeder, Opener and Breaker Lapper in one machine. The first section is substantially the same as our O. 7 Opener previously described having ly^-xwch. fluted steel feed rolls delivering the cotton to a three-blade 20-inch diameter beater. The second or calender section has 2^-inch fluted steel feed rolls and a two-blade 16-inch diameter beater. Where the nature of the work does not require the use of trunk this makes a most satisfactory machine for the first process. We occasionally build this with an additional section, making a three beater breaker lapper, where floor space is limited and a large production must be had. 19 Atlanta, Ga„ STUART W. CRAMER, Charlotte, N. C. Kitson Picking Machinery, Continued, ONE BEATER FINISHER LAPPER. (Also Intermediate Lapper.) With the introduction of the revolving flat card and the general adoption of single carding came a demand for better picking and laps more uniform, both in weight and texture. This led to the three process system, using single beater Intermediate and Finisher tappers as here illustrated. This lapper is used both as an Intermediate and a Finisher. As an Intermediate, the beater is of the common two blade type, having drop forged arms turned and polished ; the blade is made from extra hard quality of steel, and the shaft is of steel, running in heavy self-oiling bearings. As a Finisher, nearly all our customers prefer the Kirschner Carding Beater as shown on a subsequent page. For long staple cottons the cut-off and beater boxes are made adjustable. It has four roll consolidated calender head, heavily weighted, the rolls being provided with flanges to produce a smooth, even selvage. A safety knock-off is provided, which prevents breakage in case any hard substance enters the roll. The rails are made to double four laps and the countershaft is furnished complete attached to the frame as shown. Atlanta, Ga., STUART W. CRAMER, Charlotte, N. C. Kitson Picking Machinery, Continued, To no part of a lapper has so much time and thought been devoted as to the evener. Demanding, as it does, an extreme sensitiveness to very slight variations in the stock pass- ing through, it must respond quickly, positively and ac- curately to perform the func- tions for which it is de- signed. Add to this, that it must be simple in con- struction, durable and not liable to get out of order. All these requirements are fully met in the Perham & Davis Sectional Plate Evener, herewith illustrated. Recognizing the fact that no evener can be sufficiently sensitive in which the same roll is used both to even and pick from, we employ a sepa- rate roll in connection with the sectional plates to even from and a pair of rolls heav- ily weighted to pick from. The rolls are geared to give a high belt speed on the cones, and this speed is maintained constant for all positions of the belt, as a novel form of cone frame enables us to use a drum instead of a cone as a driver. The belt is shipped at one point only and moves posi- tively and quickly to change the speed of the rolls to cor- respond with the variations detected and equalized by the sectional plates. Provision is made for taking up the slack as the belt stretches from use. The evener is geared direct from the calender head, where the draught gear may be changed to produce a different weight of lap when desired. A fine adjustment is also provided by which a slight change can be instantly made as the condition of the stock may require. 21 Atlanta, Ga., STUART W. CRAMER, Charlotte, N. C. Kitson Picking Machinery, Continued* The Kirschner Patent Carding Beater. — There has long been a demand for some form of beater for finisher lap- pers the action of which on the cotton should approach the carding rather than the beating process, to which it is subjected with the usual form of blade beaters. The evener has long since reached a state of perfection where little is to be desired as far as evenness is concerned,, when the weight is taken either as a full lap or by the yard, but when compared inch by inch there remains a very con- siderable variation as is evident when the lap is held up before a window and unrolled. This is in no way the fault of the evener, as the formation of a smooth even sheet on the screens is dependent on a finer sub-division of the staple than it is possible to attain with the ordinary knife beater in its best condition, doing the amount of work usually demanded by a lapper. It will be observed that in the construction of the carding beater three lags are used and that each row of pins is farther from the centre than those immediately preceding it. The united carding and beating action together with the progressive pene- tration combine to produce a very fine sub-division of the fibre, while the pe- culiar form of each blade or bar very materially aids in the formation of a uniform sheet on the screens. It entirely overcomes all objections heretofore ex- isting in other forms of pin beaters. Its ready acceptance by leading manufacturers adds to our own unqualified rec- ommendation of its use for all classes of work, as, without solicitation on our part, the orders for this beater have come in faster than we have been able to fill them for the past few years. Caution. — Some of our competitors are offering an imita- tion of this beater, which can only be detected by noticing that the pins are all the same length and project equally Atlanta, Ga., STUART W. CRAMER, Charlotte, N. C. ^Kitson Picking Machinery, Continued, from the lagging, instead of variably. They do not get the progressive penetration, which is the real point covered by our patents, and the only point of merit in the device. With- out this progressive penetration, the scheme is harmful to the fibre of the cotton, and should not be considered for a moment. COMBINATION BREAKER AND FINISHER LAPPER. We occasionally have a call from parties starting small mills, or requiring for some special purpose a smaller pro- duction than the average capacity of a One Beater Breaker and a One Beater Finisher. In such cases we can save them the expense of two ma- chines by attaching the Feeder directly to the Finisher Lap- per as here shown. The raw cotton can be put into the Feeder and the machine run as a Breaker, say during the forenoon, and the laps thus made can be put back on the apron and the machine run as a Finisher in the afternoon. The evener here used is the Clarke & Perhatn Patent Sec- tional Roll Evener, as raw cotton will not successfully feed through a sectional plate evener. This machine is built either One or Two Beaters as may be desired. 23 Atlanta, Ga., STUART W. CRAMER, Charlotte, N. C. Kitson Picking Machinery, Continued* WASTE MACHINES, No. 1 Roving Waste Opener.— All mills make more or less roving waste which must be reduced to fibre again. This machine is designed for mills where the quantity is small. The feed consists of a single steel roll, fluted and cross cut, having sectional feed plates under it, each of which is held firmly to the roll by a very stiff spring. The beater or cylinder has tempered steel pins set in our patent 3-ply lagging, backed up by a steel drum, mounted on a steel shaft, running in self-oiling boxes. The stock is received from the beater by a condensing drum and delivered by the apron in a light, well-opened sheet, properly prepared to be mixed with the regular work. No. 3 Roving Waste Opener. — This machine is uniform in design with our lappers, and is a very heavy and substan- tial machine. It is for use in mills making a large quantity of roving waste. The roving waste is spread on an apron 24 inches wide, which delivers it to a pair of 2-inch feed rolls, both top and bottom rolls being positively driven by large gears and forced together by powerful springs. The cylin- ders are 31 inches in diameter, having tempered steel pins set in patent 3-ply lagging, properly backed up. The shafts are steel and run in self-oiling boxes. Cop Waste Breaking Up riachine. — Under this class of machinery is built a machine similar to the No. 3 Roving Waste Opener, except that it is five sections long, having five cylinders, graded from coarse to fine for the purpose of breaking up and reducing to lint cop waste and hard spun yarns which cannot be worked on the No. 3 machine. It will reduce to lint in a most thorough manner about all the hard waste in a cotton mill, even to rag clippings so that the same can be put back into the mixing and be re-worked. 24 Atlanta, Ga„ STUART W. CRAMER, Charlotte, N. C. Kitson Picking Machinery, Continued. Card and Picker Waste Cleaner. — In every mill there will accumulate a considerable quantity of waste from the card room, as dirty floor sweepings, droppings under cards, and from the picker house a large amount of refuse from the trunk system and beaters of openers and lappers which is of little value, but which if properly cleaned will repay all the expense of cleaning. Such waste will yield from 40 per cent, to 60 per cent, of clean fibre. The waste is placed in a hop- per on top of the machine, being fed by hand through a narrow slot to the beaters, which extend the whole length. The beaters carry the stock over steel grids through which the dirt passes to large chambers formed by the lower parts of the machine. The stock is drawn to a condensing screen by a fan, and is delivered in a continuous sheet thoroughly opened and cleaned. This machine is sometimes equipped with a 24-inch automatic feeder attached , driven from the same countershaft, which greatly increases the capacity of the machine and the quality of the work ; provision is made for taking out a large quantity of sand and heavier dirt before the stock goes to the beaters, and the uniform feed ensures the product being uniformly cleaned and delivered. Thread Extractor. — From the scavenger rolls of mules and spinning frames comes a considerable quantity of valua- ble waste, containing hard twisted threads. To pick them out by hand is expensive and to put them through the card without removing the threads is ruinous to the clothing. This machine will extract the threads in a cheap and thor- ough manner. The condenser, bonnet, and base of the ma- chine are each made in a single casting, and the beaters are also each a single solid steel casting running in self-oiling bearers. 25 Atlanta, Ga., STUART W. CRAMER, Charlotte, N. G Kitson Picking Machinery, Continued* Draught Gear Table for Lappers. Ounces per VTard on Aprons, Doublin j Four Laps. 6 6^ 7 7% 8 sy 2 9 9% 10 ioJ4 u 13 6 29 27 25 23 22 20 19 18 6^ 31 29 27 25 23 22 21 20 19 18 nl 7 34 31 29. 27 25 24 22 21 20 19 U 7^ 3& 33 31 29 27 26 24 23 22 21 8 39 3b 33 3i 29 27 26 24 23 22 8^ 4i 3» 35 33 31 29 27 26 25 23 CO 9 , 43 40 37 35 33 31 29 27 26 25 hJ 9^ 4 6 42 39 37 34 32 30 29 28 26 M-< 10 48 45 4i 39 36 34 32 30 29 28 T3 10^ 51 47 43 4i 38 36 34 32 30 29 II 53 49 45 42 40 38 35 34 32 30 > 11% 55 5i 48 44 42 39 37 35 33 32 12 5« 54 50 40 43 41 39 37 35 33 to I2& 6o 56 51 48 45 43 40 38 36 34 13 , &3 58 54 50 47 44 42 40 38 3b 11% 30 29 28 27 26 25 . 24 23 22 22 12 32 3° 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 u I2J4 33 32 3° 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 a 13 34 33 31 30 29 28 27 26 25 24 tn I3« 36 34 33 31 3° 29 28 27 26 25 u 14 37 35 34 32 31 30 29 28 27 26 c 14^ 38 36 35 34 32 31 3° 29 28 27 15 39 38 36 35 33 32 31 3° 29 28 15^ 41 39 37 36 35 33 32 31 30 29 16 42 40 39 37 36 34 33 32 31 30 16^ 43 42 40 38 37 35 34 33 32 31 17 , 45 ! 43 4i 39 38 36 35 34 33 32 i75£ 4 6 | 44 42 40 39 38 36 35 34 33 18 47 4b 43 42 40 39 37 36 35 34 T=Teeth in draft gear = — ^~ d=Draft of Intermediate or Finisher = 27 Atlanta, Ga., STUART W. CRAMER, Charlotte, N. C. Kitson Picking Machinery, Continued* Draught Gear Table for Lappers. (Concluded.) Ounces per Yard on Aprons Doubling Four Laps. 16 16% 17 1756 18 18 J£ 19 1956 20 1-1 0) T3 6 a 6^ 7 u 7/2 ^ 8 rt 8% 9 , 956 S-< 10 18 O ioYz 19 18 18 ■o II 20 19 19 18 18 ca 1156 21 20 20 19 19 18 > 12 22 21 20 20 19 f9 18 18 u 12^ 23 22 21 21 20 20 19 18 18 o. 13 / 24 23 22 22 21 20 20 19 19 to 1356 24 2 4 23 22 22 21 21 20 20 o 14 25 24 24 23 23 22 21 21 20 a o 1456 26 25 25 24 23 23 22 22 21 15 27 26 26 25 24 24 23 22 22 1556 28 27 26 26 25 24 24 23 22 16 29 28 27 27 26 25 24 24 23 i6J^ 30 29 28 27 27 26 25 24 24 17 3i 30 29 28 27 27 26 25 25 1756 32 31 3° 29 28 27 27 26 25 18 33 32 31 30 29 28 27 27 26 T=Teeth in draft gear =^g— d=Draft of Intermediate or Finisher= 28 Atlanta, Ga., STUART W. CRAMER, Charlotte, N. C. Kitson Picking Machinery, Continued* SIZES OF PULLEYS, SPEEDS AND PRODUC- TION OF PICKING MACHINERY. (See also Production Table on next page.) Lappers. — The countershaft on these Lappers is usually fitted with 18" x 5" tight and loose pulleys, and runs at 500 revolutions per minute. Production of Openers and Breaker Lappers 3,000 to 4,000 pounds, and of Finisher Lappers 1,500 to 2,000 pounds per day of ten hours. Roving Waste Opener. — Made in two sizes : No. 1 is fitted with countershaft having 8 // x 2," tight and loose pul- leys to run 750 revolutions per minute. No. 3 has counter- shaft with \W x 5 /x tight and loose pulleys to run at 500 rev- olutions per minute. Production of No. 1 is 500 to 600 pounds per day of ten hours ; and of No. 3 is 2,000 to 3,000 pounds per day of ten hours. Five Cylinder Cop Waste Breaking Up Machine.— Such a machine made with five sections is generally equipped with two countershafts, one on each end of the machine, each fitted with 20" x 5" tight and loose pulleys, running at 500 revolutions per minute. The production of such a machine is about 900 pounds of hard waste per day of ten hours. Card and Picker Waste Cleaners. — These machines are fitted with countershaft having 16" x 4" tight and loose pul- leys to run at 500 revolutions per minute. The production is 2,500 to 3,500 pounds of waste, floor sweepings, etc., per day of ten hours. Thread Extractor. — Fitted with countershaft having 8" x 2}4 // tight and loose pulleys, to run at 680 revolutions per minute. The production is about 500 pounds per day of ten hours. Horse Power Required" — See Index. 29 Atlanta, Ga., STUART W. CRAMER, Charlotte, N; C. Kitson Picking Machinery, Continued. u >— i ^ ^5 ° H .2 5 5 o ~ .« O u PU T3 Sh « > U V a u , o oi m 01 01 01 Ol CO <0 cO <0 ^ "<3- ^- r>. ooooooooooo ^O H ioo -to\ coco CS Nh On Ol -tf- r-- CPN m -3-v£> Qih t* •-< 01 CM 01 01 COCOCOCO'^^ ^3 ■J jo ooooooooooo O "3- CO Ol IT; Q\ rO N h -^-00 CT^ M fOVO CO O co LOCO O 01 ■-t oi oi oi oi to to <0 co -^ -^ OOOOOOOOOOO in DO i-< ^ t^. O (OMD On cm m CO O CO m J>, O CM -3-UD ON t-i M CM CM Ol 01 CO CO CO CO CO ^J- to -J oi ooooooooooo on t-i tJ-vc co ^ c^ >n X O 01 NO N ^"O ON *h co LOCO O MCNCMCMCNOirOrOrOfO-^- ! OOOOOOOOOOO CO " ^O 'CO O m ro 'st-vO CO O N^» cO^O CO O Ol rt-vo ON i M^tCMOlOlOlcOcocOcoro OOOOOOOOOOO t^-CO On O m cm co -«d- "7T invO MO CO - fOUCiNON^ r^iON. .-i — CNOIOIOIOICOCOCOCO ' OOOOOOOOOOO MO CO O Ol TJ---0 CO' O CM Tt-UD i-ii-iOIOIOIOIOIcOCOCOCO 1 ff ■3- ^ ^ ^ SR ^ t3- tj- in inNO no t-» t-^co co o\ ■sat DUl I It 'A^ ll n d P 39 J J° -13J31UBIQ T3 .5 3i Atlanta, Ga., STUART W. CRAMER, Charlotte, N. C. DATA REQUIRED FOR BUILDING PICKING MACHINERY, (i). State number of each type of machine required, and how divided into " sets." (2). Are the Automatic Feeders to be attached to the Breakers direct, or to the Openers ; and are they to have Fveners ? (3). Is the Cleaning Trunk to be Perham's Inclined Trunk, Robinson's Automatic Horizontal Trunk, or plain Cleaning Trunk, stating number of feet desired of each. (4). State whether the machine builder is to furnish Plain Conducting Trunk required. (5). State also whether he is to furnish the Dust Pipes re- quired. (6). Width of Laps to be used. (7). Weight of Laps in ounces per running yard. (8). Are Kirschner Carding Beaters desired on the Finisher Lappers ? (9). State the production desired from each machine in pounds per day of ten hours. (10). Shipping instructions; state date of shipment and routing desired. (11). When possible, also send sketches giving floor plans of opener and lapper rooms and vertical section through the same, so the Connecting and Cleaning Trunks and Dust Piping can be laid out and arranged for. (12). If Blower System is desired for conveying the cotton from the warehouse to the Lapper Opening Room, state — (a). Number of pounds of cotton to be handled in 10 hours. (b). For large outputs it is desirable to have Auto- matic Feeders in the warehouse opening room ; state whether power is available to drive them. (c). State whether maker is to furnish gal\anized piping or whether purchaser will do so. (d). Send sketch showing relative location of ware- houses and lapper rooms. (13). State in detail what Waste Machinery is desired in the way of Thread Extractors, Waste Pickers, etc. 32 Atlanta, Ga., STUART W. CRAMER, Charlotte, N. C. Kitson Picking Machinery, Continued. FLOOR SPACES. The following cuts give the floor spaces occupied by the various classes of picking machinery, with the exception of the Cop Waste Breaking Up Machine, which is exactly like the No. 3 Roving Waste Opener in every respect, except that it is built five sections long, fitted with two countershafts, and is 37 / -7>£ // long over all. Note; : — For sizes and speeds of pulleys see page 29. 33 Atlanta, Ga., STUART W. CRAMER, Charlotte, N. C. Kitson Picking Machinery, Continued. i !! ! Oqe Section Q ^ctvev j& "CVy ir ovi ' DeVvve vy^ 34 Atlanta, Ga., STUART W. CRAMER, Cnarlotte, N. C. Kitson Picking Machinery, Continued. O-^ .O^ euei ^ TeeAei attacVweck 35 Atlanta, Ga., STUART W. CRAMER; Charlotte, N. C. Kitson Picking Machinery, Continued, I*- //-8- - -jfi One. SecVum BveoW;? 5cveen SecVioi J=^ Two Secfrko u T SvccAte Y J? Screen S e. ct'k o v\ 36 Atlanta, Ga., STUART W. CRAMER, Charlotte, N. C. Kitson Picking- Machinery f Continued. "i-^^'HB^ 1 "'. >1 ^=n Owe Section BveCkV^eiv." Coy\c^e^'vsei ftf( acvuo > e dm T uO ^ecl i o \VB veoV>e v \>* Gov^cleitsev 'fr Ctou^e^ox 37 Atlanta, Ga., STUART W. CRAMER, Charlotte, N.'C. Kitson Picking Machinery, Continued* One SecUort"g> YeaVvev^* Tee Sic* c^XacW^ ^e — i-3Mi \ vxo SecVt on^Tco^evj^ Yee&ejc ftttac.\\ec, 38 Atlanta, Ga., STUART W. CRAMER, Charlotte, N. G Kitson Picking Machinery, Continued* One SecY.on "Fiv^s\\< T«o SecAio n Ti»\\ sUev 39 Atlanta, Ga., STUART W. CRAMER, Charlotte, N.' C. Kitson Picking Machinery, Continued* ue-SecA tonTiut sYiey ^» TeeAey ■ ComViuolnni ^rVvv fy Tiv* -[»«o Staion TWsY^evy" Tec city . GorvAi vv^-uo n By WfrT^ 40 Atlanta, Ga„ STUART W. CRAMER, Charlotte, N. C. Kitson Picking Machinery, Continued. — A Y*-3 . YVftsW O ^enei lftoSeeVo^BveuV,c y^ ** Vee-< a g £ O O^ O h J) " P-i CD en CU o to k. ftci) !; 8 "Sag* S o IT 6 to in T3 o O B ,B « ^ o +j ^ OF* *-> cd cu g^ £ en ShO £<5 cc b c bC ° C cu *"* **. U * 4J CU d" -e.° T) H v T> 5 to 5 "to C . f ' over all. Coilers are furnished for 10", 11", or 12" cans, as desired. General Specifications for 45" Card with 2j" follows : Cylinder 50" diameter, 45" wide. Doffer 27" diameter, 45" wide. Licker-in 9^" diameter, 45" wide. Driving Pulleys 20" diameter, 3" face. Clothing, either the best English or American clothing of any make preferred. For cylinder 50" diameter, carding surface 45" wide, about 50 square feet or 297 running feet, 2" wide. Doffer 27" diameter, carding surface 45" wide, about 30 square feet clothing, or 21S running feet, \%" wide. Flats: — There are no top flats, ifas" wide, 44 of which are working ; they are 45" long by 7fa" width of points, about 30 X square feet clothing. Belting : — For doffer, i4'-6" of 2" belt ; for licker-in, 9' of -2." belt ; for top flats, 6' of \ l / 2 " belt ; for comb (two belts), 8'- 10" and 8' of round belt, fa ""diameter ; for brush, s'-i" of round belt, fa" diameter. No allowance in above for lapping. Floor space : — Outside 18" lap an -10^" over all. Coilers are furnished for 10", n", or 12" cans, as desired. Floor space : — Outside 18" lap and xo" coiler, io'-6' r by $'-xo%." over all. 57 Atlanta, Ga., STUART W. CRAMER, Charlotte, N. C. Whitin Carding Machinery, Continued. Card Clothing. English Counts. Points per Square Foot, American No. of Wire. 60's 43200 28 70's 50400 30 80's 57600 31 90's 64800 32 100's 72000 33 110's 79200 34 120's 86400 35 130's 93600 36 For Coarse Yarns use on For Medium Yarns use on Cylinders, Nos. 90's and 100's. Doffers and Plats,' Nos. 100's and 110's. Cylinders, Nos. 100's and 110's. Doffers and Flats, Nos. 110's and 120's. Fillet for Cylinders and Doffers. With 4 Crowns, or 24 Points per Inch. Noggs per Inch. Points per Square Foot. American No. of Wire. 16 55296 31 17 58752 18 62208 32 19 65664 20 69120 33 21 72576 22 76032 34 23 79488 24 82944 35 25 86400 26 89856 36 Sheets for Top Flats. Points per Inch in Points per In ch in Width. 25 24 23 22 21 20 Length. Points per Sq. Ft. Points per Sq. Ft. Points per Sq. Ft. Points per Sq. Ft. Points per Sq. Ft. Points per Sq.Ft. 25 24 23 22 21 20 90000 86400 82800 79200 75600 72000 86400 82944 79488 76032 72576 69120 82800 79488 76176 72864 69552 66240 79200 76032 72864 69696 66528 63360 75600 72576 69552 66528 63504 60480 72000 69120 66240 63360 60480 57600 58 Atlanta, Ga., STUART "W. CRAMER, Charlotte, N. C. Whitin Carding Machinery, Continued. 06 a +-> o U *T3 C3 5h u <-H a T3 +j CDlO t-OlOH'CHlCHCOHCOHCOHlOCOlOCLO TP CO rH ICO X 01 ICO OO CI CO 05 CO CO © CO C- O ** 10— oorH— -rH^cMoicococo^T^io'idio'cocdco CO -p „ . ( Coiler Calender Rolls, 2 in. Lap Roll Gear 48 Teeth. Doffer Gear, 192 Teeth. Feed Roll Gear, 17 Teeth. Feed Roll Bevel Gear 160 Teeth. Card Calender Roll Shaft Gear, 27 Teeth. Driver, Coiler Shaft Gear, 36 Teeth. Coiler Shaft Gear, 18 Teeth. Compensating Gears Change Gears. 38 Teeth. 39 Teeth. 40 Teeth. Draught. Draught. Draught. 15 Teeth. 146.54 142.78 139.21 16 137.38 133.86 130.51 IT 129.30 125.98 122.83 18 122.11 118.98 116.00 19 115.68 112.72 109.90 20 109.90 107.09 104.41 21 104.67 101.99 99.44 22 99.91 97.35 94.92 23 95.57 93.12 90.79 24 91.59 89.24 87.01 25 87.92 85.67 83.53 26 84.54 82.37 80.31 27 81.41 79.32 77.33 28 78.50 76.49 74.58 29 75.79 73.85 72.00 30 73.27 71.39 69.60 31 70.91 69.09 67.36 32 68.69 66.93 65.25 33 66.63 64.90 63.28 34 64.66 62.99 61.42 35 62.80 61.19 59.66 36 61.06 59.49 58.01 37 59.41 57.88 56.44 38 57.84 56.36 54.95 3b 56.36 54.90 53.54 40 54.95 53.54 52.20 6i Atlanta, Ga., STUART W. CRAMER, Charlotte, N. C. Whitin Carding Machinery, Continued. Side Pulley 15 V dia. Doffer Gear 192 T. O jj •it! >o a> In 3 7.88 8.48 9.09 9.70 10.30 10.91 11.52 12.12 12.73 13.34 13.94 14.55 15.15 15.76 16.37 16.97 17.58 18.18 18.79 19.40 20.00 u 3 O o >> 4) o .s 0) 3 T3 O > 53 -a u ■3 B 3 O a a 3 3 60 3 '■s o J3 H _fi -u o O O 03 "cG O Ph 03 -u 03.28 !09.57 ' r! CO* n Hi 79.13 85.14 91.28 97.42 103.43 109.55 115.68 121.70 127.83 133.94 139.98 146.09 152.13 158.26 164.38 170.41 176.53 182.56 188.69 194.81 200.83 . J> o > -* tH CO pq 75.70 81.44 87.31 93.18 98.92 104.79 110.66 116.41 122.27 128.12 133.90 139.75- 145.52 151.38 157.23 163.01 168.85 174.62 180.49 186.34 192.10 , o « CM 72.25 77.73 83.35 88.95 94.43 100.03 05.62 11.12 16.71 122.30 27.81 33.39 138.91 144.50 150.09 55.59 61.17 66.68 72.28 77.87 83.37 © CO pq 68.81 74.04 79.37 84.71 89.93 95.27 100.59 105.83 111.15 116.48 121.73 127.04 132.29 37.62 42.94 .48.18 L53.51 158.74 164.08 69.40 76.85 CO CO CO pq 65.37 70.34 75.41 80.48 85.44 90.50 95.57 100.54 05.60 10.64 15.64 20.69 25.68 30.74 35.80 40.78 45.83 50.81 55.88 60.94 65.91 - Cylinder 165 rev. Cyl.Pul'yl8"dia. Licker-in Driven 7" dia. 4) o.a T3 .5- o 3 •fcc S..S 7.88 8.48 9.09 9.70 10.30 10.91 11.52 12.12 12.73 13.34 13.94 14.55 15.15 15.76 16.37 16.97 17.58 18.18 18.79 19.40 20.00 §0 a u 0) O 62 Atlanta, Ga„ STUART W. CRAMER, Charlotte, N. C. Whitin Carding Machinery, Continued. Side Pulley 15$" dia. Doffer Gear 192 T. <4-l j_, o 5; • as "I £ 3 Pi. 9 0T00 05OOi-IC 53 ■a rt u ■a 3 3 O Pi o Ti I-, ri CD n o CO a *S !-, O O u CD | co CO 3 130.74 140.67 150.81 160.95 170.88 180.98 191.13 201.08 211.18 221.26 231.27 241.36 251.34 261.47 271.58 281.54 291.65 301.61 311.74 321.86 331.81 I— co n ri 127.31 136.97 146.84 156.71 166.37 176.22 186.11 195.77 205.63 215.47 225.20 235.03 244.74 254.60 264.43 274.14 283.98 293.68 303.54 313.39 323.09 CM co ri 123.86 133.26 142.87 152.48 161.88 171.46 181.07 190.49 200.07 209.64 219.11 228.67 238.11 247.71 257.29 266.73 276.31 285.74 295.34 304.91 314.35 • u u O CO H i-l 120.42 129.56 138.91 148.24 157.38 166.70 176.05 185.20 194.51 203.82 213.02 222.32 231.51 240.84 250.14 259.33 268.62 277.80 287.13 296.44 305.62 00 co CO M 116.98 125.87 134.93 144.00 152.89 161.93 171.00 179.91 188.95 198.00 206.03 215.96 224.89 233.95 242.99 251.91 260.95 269.86 278.93 287.97 296.88 b-0 CO CD CO* n ri L13.53 1.2.16 30.97 39.77 48.39 57.17 L65.98 74.62 183.40 92.18 200.84 !09.61 '18.28 !27.07 35.85 !44.50 53.28 '61.93 ,70.73 79.51 .88.15 ri > v o > CO 92 ocoocofflHcoM^iotrNcocsoooffire^m TH'tOinoOiiCimcOCOC-^SHt'HCOOHOO'^ o cri t^ id co C"i o ci t^ co -ti co T-i o oo t^ ici cc c-i rn oi i-t i-i . I :- ~v L- -.- w i- s. ~ — i-n m m cc -r in co t- t- HiHr-HHHrliHHHrtCMNIN«'MN!NNIMIN CM CD CO 114.75 23.03 31.20 139.39' 147.65 L55.92 64.04 72.28 80.53 88.67 96.91 205.05 213.31 221.55 229.68 237.93 246.05 '54.32 262.57 •70.69 O CO on 3 Mi0COOS5O«te0H00OMMOOONNOC0 C T~i -r-i O-l CO -H lO O — 1- -S- T. CT- O tH Ol CO CO T lC CD I CM >-l CM CM 00 CO M ri h-COOiCqONOlOt-OlOOOOOOCNCOM b; M O OC ^ H CO ■* H X i "■ 1 X iC "C 1 CO lO r-f OS CD t-aQOrtCMCo-tioot-a)0)Oi-ic *o > •>* CO M 70.33 75.39 80.96 86.53 91.59 97.15 102.72 108.28 113.34 118.91 124.48 129.54 135.10 140.67 146.23 151.29 156.86 161.92 167.49 173.05 178.11 Oi 01 CO « -Ft— 00C7:Ol-*OCCC0^CNincOt-C:0CIC0C0t-.c0CN ri o oi m ■* t- c co h c x - o. : i lo ■}> i- in x h o t- »-i t- oi l- oi oc oo x oo x co ex-re. -rcOTjicomo CC L- t- X X CJ O O C H H OI Ol CO X -1^ -f LO LO CO t- O CO 03 TjH^OOOOOCMCO-^-^OOOOOCMOOTtH'^'^OCDCNCM ooinoococNcoconiOr-ii-it-oooocoomaiccicNcoco CO* 00 CO OC CO CO CO 00 CO 00 CO it— oi t- oi L- 01 t-^ 01 t- rH couL-t-xxoicocOHHOioicoco-fi^minco 00 CO o3 -fHNCOOOHNCJJOOt^XQOCCl-^iniQOl t-HCOt-HC.t'LOXNinxCTCtCC-fXCO'JX CO in CO -P C5 CO X' CO t— 01 L- H CO H C' C LO Oi -f CO CO c o: co t- t- x x a; c; c c h h oi oi c-o :o :o -f -t lo Cylinder 165 rev. Cyl.Pul'yl8"dia. Licker-in Driven 7" dia. 0.2 .5- 3 co CO => a. 3 S 7.88 8.48 9.09 9.70 10.30 L0.91 11.52 12.12 12.73 13.34 13.94 1.155 5.15 5.76 6.37 6.97 7.58 8.18 8.79 9.40 •0.00 bo a n U CO O CO-PinoOt'OCCOOO^-lCMCO-^inoC'b-OOCOOOT-iOHCO 64 Atlanta, Ga., STUART W. CRAMER, Charlotte, N. C. Whitin Carding Machinery, Continued, Side Pulley lo$ " dia . Doffer Gear 192 T. ■St «P 7.88 8.48 9.09 9.70 10.30 10.91 11.52 12.12 12.73 13.34 13.94 14.55 15.15 15.76 16.37 16.97 17.58 18.18 18.79 19.40 20.00 3 o o o >1 OJ o •73 3 -o o p. > CU u ■3 3 o a e 3 C . tf '% o .3 aj 3 H o 5 O CD 't/3 o QJ E s -t' CN S-l 0) o Q !-< CD o h, CD O CO h< O o hi cd s CO 3 121.49 130.23 139.84 149.45 158.19 167.81 177.42 187.04 195.78 205.39 215.00 223.74 233.36 242.97 252.59 261.33 270.94 279.68 289.29 298.91 307.65 CO M hi L18.29 12G.S0 3G.1G 45.52 54.03 L63.39 172.75 82.11 190.62 199.99 209.35 217.86 227.22 236 .'58 245.94 254.45 263.81 272.32 281.68 291.04 299.55 CM 1^ CO hi 115.09 123.37 132.48 141.59 149.87 158.98 1G8.08 177.19 185.47 194.58 203.69 211 97 221.08 230.18 239.29 247.57 256.68 264.96 274.07 283.18 291.46 *T3 u u -t-» O CO hi 111.90 119.95 12S.80 137.66 145.71 154.56 163.42 172.27 180.32 189.18 198.03 206.08 214.94 223.79 232.65 240.70 249.55 257.60 266.46 275.31 283.36 "" QC CO 3 108.70 L1G.52 125.12 133.72 141.54 150.14 158.75 167.35 175.17 183.77 192.37 200.19 208.79 217.40 226.00 233.82 242.42 250.24 >58.84 267.44 .75.26 1 bo c CO CO co" 105.71 113.09 121.44 129.79 137.38 145.73 154.08 162.43 170.02 178.37 186.71 194.30 202.65 211.42 219.35 226.94 235.29 242.88 251.23 259.58 267.17 . > *— 4 O > ->* CO CO H hi 102.30 L 09.06 17.76 125.86 133.22 41.31 149.41 57.50 04.86 72.96 81.06 88.42 96.51 204.61 212.70 220.06 228.16 235.52 >43.62 '51.71 59.07 , - IN CO CO a 99.11 06.24 114.08 21.92 29.05 30.90 44.74 152.58 59.71 L67.56 175.40 82.53 90.37 98.21 206.06 213.19 221.03 >28.16 36.00 43.85 50.98 c c 1 " o CO CO a 95.91 102.-1 117.09 124.89 132.48 140.07 147.00 154.56 162.15 169.74 176.64 184.23 191.82 199.41 206.31 213.90 220.80 228.39 235.98 242.88 C 00 o 03 3 HX«w?;^o^Hiocoiocjncocot-^XHco 1 C Q C H M ?1 ?0 -t -f L^ CL" t- l- X 'OC^ CM CN CO Cylinder 165 rev. Cyl.Pul'yl8"dia. Licker-in Driven 7" dia. s .5 Pi „T3 >3 «P a.. 3 MQOcnooHNc , ip:-t^ifliocot-E>coxajoo ccTOt-MoiiOHt-cooiOH[^?:c;ic:Ht-^o c ^odcsQodHcnNcoco^idiQCDtdi^oooocftd ■- to 3 U H co -p in o t— x Ci o .-i ?i :■- -f ,~ w l~ -c c: o r-< cm co iHrHT-li-lT-li-irtCNI-lCMCN04040JCNlCNCMCOCOCOCO i 65 Atlanta, Ga., STUART W. CRAMER, Charlotte, N. C. Whitin Carding Machinery, Concluded. C^ be a a .3 O 66 Atlanta, Ga„ STUART W. CRAMER, Charlotte, N. C. COMBING MACHINERY, Manufactured fay The Whitin Machine Works. Sliver Lap Machine. This machine is used to make laps for use on Combers or Ribbon Lap Machines. The Lap is formed by running from 12 to 16 Card or Drawing Frame slivers, placed in ordinary cans behind the machine, through guides and stop motion spoons to a drawhead consisting of three top and bottom rolls arranged with a slight draught. From these rolls the cotton is condensed by passing through two pairs of heavy calender rolls, and is then wound into a lap either 7Y' or 8I'' wide. When the laps are taken direct to the Comber they should be 8f" wide, but when made for a Ribbon Lap Machine they should be \¥' narrower to allow for spread in drawing. As it is essential that the laps made on this machine be of a perfectly uniform nature, a back stop motion is provided for each sliver, which causes the machine to stop instantly on the breaking of an end. Another stop motion is used which stops the machine when the lap reaches its full diameter, thus insuring the laps to be of a uniform length. Pulleys: — 12" diameter by i\" face, 120 revolutions per minute. Floor Space: — Including cans, J T3 CD O 1=1 T3 o r-1 ft f o -d r-1 cS i>> r-1 CD p< CO a rH o o CO CO X i-l 500.0 555.6 611.2 666.7 722.3 777.8 889.0 1000.0 1111.2 o CM CO X 484.9 538.8 592.6 646.5 700.4 754.2 862.0 969.7 1077.6 o CO x r-1 469.7 522.0 574.1 626.3 678.5 730.7 835.1 939.4 1043.9 © o X COtHCOtHCOiHt-(i-ICM 454 505 555 606 656 707 808 909 1010 o X r-1 439.4 488.3 537.1 585.9 634.7 683.5 781.2 878.8 976.6 o 00 cm X 1-1 424.3 471.4 518.6 565.7 612.9 660.0 754.3 848.5 942.9 o CM X 409.1 454.6 500.0 545.5 591.0 636.4 727.3 818.2 909.2 o CO CM X rJ 394.0 437.8 481.5 525.3 569.1 612.8 700.4 787.9 875.5 O r-1 378.8 420.9 463.0 505.1 547.2 589.3 673.4 757.6 841.9 O ,Q t-r-or505COt-10COCM CO-p-f-FlOlOCOt-OO CDO-f X(M©r^(MO co-^Tr-^ioiocot-co © CO CM X 1-1 348.5 387.2 426.0 464.7 503.4 542.1 619.6 697.0 774.5 O CM CM JO Tf-rf-^irimiocot-o COOtr--*rHOOCMCDO COt-O^OOT-tCiCD-^ COC0-3*-*-3 1 1 ~~— y03 — -** ^91 > 77 Atlanta, Ga., STUART W. CRAMER, Charlotte, N. C. Whitin Combing Machinery, Continued. (I) rG 3 3 P ^ 11 ■C be be a) 5 c C £ I I Li T _- — a-" a I I mj; 1 I l I 111 I ill £Oa:>X > > "to CU 3 O a o In CO P*j Vh 0) ft co '3 I* O o oo o\^chO 10*0 t--oo On O i go m moo oi loco h ^nh 't 0\ ro N CI VO O in On tOCO *0 VO J>- C-.00 00 on on on o o 00 *0 <0 Ol ^j-\jD io r^vo lo -^- ro Ol O N 't lOCO O cn ttvO 00 O nr>H uodi ^-cd oi \d d in "O md r^r^r^ooco on on o o CO lO'tfOO OMD COO N^- h W ro^-lO u-)\0 t^-00 00 ON >-> iOC>rONM in d\ co r-*. m ^o^^o n i>.oo oo oo on on o M3 ,0 coco -^-o lo^vo m \o •-< r rOOl N « m m o O0\0\o6 o^orsM - d rtoo myo vo ^ t^ c^oo CO Os ON (On 00 t-i tJ- 1>, O COM3 ON Ol lOCO ^- CO n ONOO MD ^-N h o\N **- *-* lOCO Ol vd 'd tJ-00 m id lOMD VOVO N I>.cO CO CO ON Oi VO O i« 3 ^" L n IS 10 ^°° c* o M md «q n^-hco u™oi or-. "~ 0\ "-ovo o rj- r-^ ■-< in on oi IO lOVO ^O Mn t^co 00 00 ON OO I/) n t-*. u") -tf- 01 m CANiOrOH n\ Nroo\iOH\o oico -*d- o m co r>- o -d-co" »-h inco oi \d o\ lO in<0 VO^ONN f-00 CO 00 .c •"•t^^-OVO 0100 ~rf o \o 01~ ON cOOO CO O. Ol nO (-H vo o in t-« lOCO 01 iO a\ 01 \0 On covo in in iomd vo \o t-^ i>. tN.co oo io >0 O CONh -^-oO Ol \0 O ■<*■ o *^-i>.o tJ-i>,o -^- r>. ih ^t- O COMD O coMD O COMD O CO io m iovd mo md r^ r--. f^cO 00 m M 01 CO lOUD I>.00 On O t-t oi N -.'-i -^-1-^0 cdr^d •j- in in in\o \o^o nn r-»co o .a lo-tc^N «h o onoo r-.vo in CO ^J- LOMD f>.00 OO ONO m oi vd on oi idco t-t -& t^ m -^ r>. -d- Td- io iO lT.^O 'Ovo f>lNN CO -3- 43 ovo COOMD COO f-*.*d-'-«00 io^j-"vf-"^-cococooi Ol 01 i-i ^ r^. o rOM3 On Ol LOCO M -"d" ■^r-^j-ioiOLOu-)MDvo«o r^r^. "* on co r>- oi >o o ^foo oi vo vq ^- ro >-< o oo n it- co oi o oi idco ■"-■ -^f-vd cf- ot idco h •*t -*t- •& m in m u~>\o vo \o r>. ON'-' cOIONCAh cOiOr-^ON i>. in oi onmd to ^ co in ot o* O COMD CO M Td-f>-ON01 lon •**■ -^i- *^r -^t- m in in inyD md *o ■* X3 J ■^- co co oi oi w o onoo r>-vo ONintn t^cooNinovo 0100 oo h -^-vd O 4 . m -4- r^ On Ol tJ- ro^^'T'^-ininin in\o *o o ^ CO IOCOO NTi-«Z) ION ON o mo m On -3- On coco co t>. r^ On Oi -%" to lb" diameter, i" and 3" face. Can Tables: — For io // , n // , I2 // , and 14" diameter cans. Floor Space, without cans at the back: — Single Head overall, 3 / -i^ // by z'-T&". Double Head, s'-io" by o'-VA"- 33 Atlanta, Ga., STUART W. CRAMER, Charlotte, N. C. Whitin Drawing Machinery, Continued, Atlanta, Ga., STUART W. CRAMER, Charlotte, N. C. Whitin Drawing Machinery, Continued, 5 Eft (48- OR 24j V'4- So Z PI Ig'BACK ROLL p~ T = a . m ZZQ i!"fr ont roll tlJ r-^ 05 2|"cale:nder rolls 44 Diagram of Gearing of Coiler Railway Head. 85 Atlanta, Ga., STUART W. CRAMER, Charlotte, N. C Whitin Drawing Machinery, Continued. Draught Table of Coiler Railway Head With Upright Shaft. Table showing total Draught between Back Roll and Calender Roll. Diameter of Back Roll, 1\ inches. Calender Roll, 21 inches. Back Roll Bevel Gear, 48 Teeth. Upright Shaft Top Bevel, 14 Teeth. Change Pinion Draught with Draught with on Cone. Common Rolls. Metallic Rolls. 14 T. 3.64 2.64 15 3.90 2.83 16 4.16 3.02 17 4.42 3.21 18 4.68 3.39 19 4.94 3.58 20 5.20 3.77 21 5.46 3 96 22 5.72 4.15 23 5.98 4.34 24 6.24 4.53 25 6.50 4.71 26 6.76 4.90 27 7.02 5.09 28 7.28 5.28 29 7.54 5.47 30 7.80 5.66 31 8.06 5.85 32 8.32 6.03 33 8.58 6.22 34 8.84 6.41 35 9.10 6.60 36 9.36 6.79 In the above table, the draught with metallic rolls is only approximately correct, and will generally vary -with weight of sliver, etc. 86 Atlanta, Ga., STUART W. CRAMER, Charlotte, N. C. Whitin Drawing Machinery, Continued. o ■+-> PQ ^5 C! 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CRAMER, Charlotte, N. C. DRAWING FRAMES, Manufactured by The Whitin Machine Works. Six Delivery Head. Our Coiler Drawing Frame is built from new and improved patterns and is of an unusually strong and substantial design. The coilers and can tables are made for io // , n // and xi" cans. The Drawing Rolls, all of crucible steel, are in four lines, 16 inches in length from centre to centre of stands, and made for all slivers to run on a single boss for each delivery. The bottom front roll is \Y% ,r diameter, the back and middle rolls are \y%" diameter. Roll bearing stands are provided with brass steps, which are easily renewed when worn out. Metallic drawing rolls can be supplied when ordered. Also Campbell Ball Bearing Rolls will be furnished when speci- fied. The top rolls are made with loose end bearings which possess the advantage of being easily and quickly oiled without the necessity of removing the rolls or stopping the machine ; they also cause less friction as the weight hooks or saddles are not in contact with the moving surfaces of the rolls. Direct weighting of top rolls is used in connection with an efficient relieving motion. 88 Atlanta, Ga. t STUART W. CRAMER, Charlotte, N. C. Whitin Drawing Machinery, Continued. The Calender Rolls are made of steel, 3 inches in diameter and 26 inches long; the driving calender roll runs in fixed bearings, while the outer calender roll bearings are movable in inclined bearing seats, by means of which the weight of the roll effects a thorough condensation of the sliver. The Draught Gear is easily and quickly changed by means of a swivel adjusting stand, which is always concentric with the front roll gear. The draught between front and calender rolls may be varied to a very small degree to suit the stock and weather changes by the use of compensating gears of large diameters for which purpose change gears are pro- vided. Stop Motions are mechanical throughout, and consist of back, front, and full-can motions. All are simple and effective in action and are not likely to get out of order. Our patented full-can stop-motion is operated by only a slight pressure of the cotton on the face plate of the coiler when the can becomes filled. This feature will be appre- ciated as the cans are never overfilled nor is the cotton so closely packed into the can as to injure its quality in subse- quent operations. Can Tables are so arranged as to hold cans 36" high without the necessity of cutting into the floor. The Roll Gears having machine cut teeth insures an easy and quiet running machine. All gearing is thoroughly guarded with covers thereby providing against accidents to the operators. The Driving Pulleys on the lower shaft are from 8" diam- eter to i6 r/ diameter, from i%" face to $%" face, and run one revolution to 1 , 5 T revolutions of front roll. 3 9 Atlanta, Ga., STUART W. CRAMER, Charlotte, N. C. Whitin Drawing Machinery, Continued. Floor Space, exclusive of driving pulleys and sides of frames, tables a/' wide, and lengths as follows : 3 lengths of rolls, 3 boss. Whole length of table, 5'-8" 3 deliveries. 4 ' 4 "' " " " 7'-°" 4 5 " " " 5 " '* " " " 8'-4 5 „ To obtain length of frame over all, add 17" to table lengths above. To economize floor space two or more tables may be coupled together. 90 Atlanta, Ga., STUART W. CRAMER, Charlotte, N. C. Whitin Drawing Machinery, Continued. OX = | 'i'l-ir TING ROLL 2=L Oi=f=i} 10 fix X LJ'r? 3"CALENDER rolls NOTE: C SI0NIF1ES COMMON ROLLS. M »» METALLIC Diagram of Gearing of Coiler Drawing Frame, with 3-in. Calender Rolls. 9i Atlanta, Ga., STUART W. CRAMER, Charlotte, N. C. Whitin Drawing Machinery, Continued, 0» *— 1 9 £<2 D^ g 5h _i !r g , q - 1 <^ |V| *-* CD <1 13 £ £ U s ■5"S HH CO ^ 13 -f _ «3 *EJ _ rt •VI O O £ « faO w -g 3 w a *< m g CD U bA £ G CD ^ ^ ^3 *H M Q 3 fn ft) M a3^J O il SCO u e "s "o v. ft) 2 K-S ._<*> to oJH C3 -M H v£ V b/> % 3 s «i *H Q ■3.1* *3 ? 3 3 c; go P O -t" -H I - M X I '»HOOO(NOC- ococoH-fcio-f-riot -r in — l— x r. o w ci c~ -t< 10 c n 00 ci o CM 1 Ol 04 C 1 4 CO CO CO CO CO CO CO CO CO CO Tf p So -p co -r l- 01 co t- x iH" f j:notonH I-HCCCCO-I'DOLO^COCHIOOIOCI -t< 10 ^ t- x — o *-< 01 c: -:■> 1- r ~ t-aoo 01040401 oi r 4 :o co : : :'. :o :o co co co co •* 2^ P ? ij P c: to K i> n O CO o c N c o : ; co o co o o 1 Tf LO O t> a — ■ — t-h ? 1 :0 -f< O O L- 'X' ~ o W (M (N CI - 1 ? I " CO co CO CO CO CO CO CO CO -^ 92 Atlanta, Ga., STUART W. CRAMER, Charlotte, N. C. Whitin Drawing Machinery, Continued. o u (J CI rt o ° ^* U S3 ro o in M [T. pi C 0) O o u H ft) v— I to h bo a ■2 g « o COCO •£■5 rt oj H rt 0) o Ml .5 -2 (U OJ H rt u o ho c rt XI CJ "o P4 m "111 rt<; Q OCOCOt-COCjON'*OQ(NLOCM^ P. E o O * ° oj III ctsoio-^cocccoco-^ot-cii-i-^t-o rlOG-.OOt-CilOTj CO rt o Ml c rt -C U rt e A rt rt pacj U i rt s p o ,A go A HOCOt-OOCOr-K'CiHWtOcOH^' HOOCt-COClT)*CO^lHHOC5COXt- M>C rt rt 5^ H HM^)'fift«ot>coaiOH(N«'tirs!n 1 93 Atlanta, Ga., STUART W. CRAMER, Charlotte, N. C. Whitin Drawing Machinery, Continued. V I.J o J Z.J n3 - tl o 5o &*$ oo Jjf [] FR ONT t=QD ROLL o5 O tf> 3 2- 2 8- 24- [ lj~ ljJj"RACK ROLL. o_ -"J •Hj^i ^ u2 ^«m cQL o= 13 ->?o ^ 3 '|Vrq NT ROLL n oS'-H ^0 n Note. — C signifies Common Rolls. M " Metallic Diagram of Gearing of Coiler Drawing Frame, with 2j4-in. Calender Rolls. 94 Atlanta, Ga., STUART W. CRAMER, Charlotte, N. C, Whitin Drawing Machinery, Continued. & *3 d a o o W o C d | W Du a; ■^^ cu b/> £ C CD If Q | rS ° U h MH CO J- -S bfl x 1™ « J3 O0t-HOJO^OC1C1H100COM i-tas ns Oi .x: ^7: OHOO-#N01t-;-tClHO;CO^lO Tj*c^ i-H O ^"o H sJIJPi cdixJioidio-^-^^^-^cocococo Moj co co Pi* CO 2^ o fl CO 1 s rt J3 "aj S O 'S c ** o ,; sS (U 0CtNNt0^^OO!Dl0t-O^OO^(MH bo C^lOO^Ot^-^CSOSt^lOCOC^OOt^COlOTf -■5 rt t^COSOCOlOlClOTjH^rji^^TjHCOCOCOCOCO J= 2o "I'l o •5-S a; a> rt "O u -G hH Al P4 M^ H CO t- ni •;!« CO Tti pq °o^ 10«Otr-C0 05 0rHCSICO-tb-COC5 0iH jj *■-,* C KlOHH^OOOOOOCOK^HCit-t-t-QO "111 Hl^-tHOjiJWHCCfl^lO'liWrHOCJM H ^iQidio^^Tii^TtimcoTOcococorocNicNi ft CO Q s o rt ^ U a 1 °^2" rt H m cxo 2u .J3 fa "J £ C'tcjqoo i »io«(NHqoct'CDOi.o „'P< 3 "(2 lOiOTtH^^^co^cococococ^cqcioA^c^ "3 t- F— 1 rj-J CN ^ s X rt13 a !> O uj «'J 'tWO*t-lC'*COHCCDClOt- o Pi so e .2 Pi tOu 3 rt C rt H PQ So lOOt'COOiOHiMCO'rfiC^Ot'COOOH "si HHHHH 13 3 O o rt 4) §i 0) c „ "" 00 ■a a II P w P..S •» s m£ c 'is e n! 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K "E, «> en u 1- -° O ■£ •- 2 o Z 2 5 f. ° 3 (D rO rt Z J 3 5 2 •o Jf ° 13 2 *> 'a ° rS rt 0$ 4) H CO S -4^ P C >> ns Q G J3 O U^ CO CO -^ OC CO **l CO <"0 CO CS •**« "# tP *-i ^OHHIQCOOCOOCOM COCOCNCOCOtJ N(NC«HHCq CO CO TP CO CO CO CNCNI— COODOiCNCMC CMCNJr-ICNS^M'^P'^^'^t-i )iO»CiCOOOOOOO t- L— t- t- t- 00 ( : co oo cc oo cc 05 05 *# t-- OC 00 OOCOOlOSOiCOCiCiejiOl'-'r-i u, co a lO lO CO H H H r^ ffl c. cNC^OOddcH-'H-'OCD COCC(M'^'tfiiOC~t--tr-t--t<'* 2 " " s x>- - 53 1) i> £.2 CD +j CO n-, o « « »-> t-i s Z c-b^- H .5 ° £ g 6o be-: « B *? u > S *-i ^ fc § « « - Z _ -^,rC w T3 -t .5^ b - ^ x £ Jj £ 2 01 E3 0) n I- cJ C 3g I, o^ -^ 60^- C'« B 3 M ^ CO "cl a ■J T3 3= £ CO >^ j2 a CO <5 o- 3 O o « > c CD O o o i cc _£: u S ~~ 1— a. ■- be of ovin z ce CO c H- C CO Size o Bobbi Inche cococococococococo OWCDOlOOt--ACO cococococococococo COCOCOCOCOCOCOCOCO lOt-cqcco^eMrHO rFCOCO'* O O) CO 00 Ifl « O 00 b- CPTtf^COCOCOCOCNiM HoacoNioio^co L-COHOWt-(NCNOO QCr-IrH^^lOCOiHCS IQ-«^COCNi-ItHi-Ii-1 ^COh-HOJtNOHCO t-^'toioqcoHoo rl N (N (M ri H O O OS • IQ CO N CC tH l-H C COi-HOlOCSTt*^TjTfiC0t-CNl ociowcooi>cDioif; 00 Ci O H t-OiC#CO(M«-*OOS COCOCOCOCOCOCOCOCO ?ocoinoi>'f coco OOOOOOOOO t-rPOS0OCOO5l£i0O^^ y: co <-" o oo t- to © ir; CQCJ(N(MHHHHi-i CClOCOOt-^CCDH t-OOOSOOi-HiMCMCO OOOOOOOOO TfirDOC-OOOSOr-fCNt Atlanta, Ga., STUART W. CRAMER, Charlotte, N. C. Woonsocket Roving Machinery, Continued* (J y a -t-> a Ti u-» (J hn a _d u 5 <\> o +-> a nl Q CO cococococococococo CCt>CDiO'ffO(NHO cococococococococo 1 ©©X>t-CDlO-tfC0CN TPCOCOCOCOCOCOCOCO a OCO^OiOOI>Tf x c h ro -f — X' ococooicot>-trt ©t-OOOi-lCO'tCDOO OW^CDO^OCCM io-ot-xcn :n -p — ^" ^d* Tin -^ iO id iO iQ id C3 CO ooooooooo ooooooooo COCOCOCOCOCOCOCOCO — ' CO oot-io^eocJHHc t-lC^fOCNHHOCJ Ob-^OJHOCSCCN COCNCNCNCNCMTHr-li-l COX^NHOQCOt- cococococococncmcn CD-f C I- ic t> O -f id co cn" o* ci od i> t-* cb CM^iOCDCOHCMaJH o; co 1-- h q m iq co O! co c^i ih d ai co t> c u: X-^lOb-CO-tfi-ICNeN CCOtHOOCDOCNL— CO CNOX^'idTjiTjHCOCo" Hanks Per Day Per Spindle t- N cm t- cd c «;■ * co CN N -M rH i-i »-h" O © O MCOCDOCOOCOC^'^ lOCOCNr-l-^MOC o-i oi oi o i i-i «-< i-i i-<* o" X iQ 0-1 CM CD H CN CO CD XiqCNONr-iC^CJ ^ N (N Cd" w r-< O O a" i-HrHrH*-Hi-lvHi-li-i Sets Per Day TfiOCNCOt-OCOwX ascot^tcidid^Tpcc HCO-f COCDCOlOCO — O50dt>CDCOiciic'TP X-*UOt-CO-JiHOKj co -^ uo -j: ooooooooo OS O i-« :n CO -? lO CD b- OlC ClQOlOOlOC © :j c t-; q m o t- c iHrHi-lr-tCNCNCNoicO = 1 r-fcq O Size of Bobbin Inches o M <35 M CO J ii3 Atlanta, Ga., STUART W. CRAMER, Charlotte, N. C. Woonsocket Roving Machinery, Continued. 3 a a <* s u-> &o hO a C * »VH o > o m « 3 o ^3 O Oh O CO OOCOt-CDlO-^rOCN ■^cocococococococo OOlXb-CClf. -tfON OCJOCt-CCiO^COW a OW-f OCf OllOW ■^ -n* ^' -^ io id ic ic io 0(M^COO"#0:OCN lOCDt'ODOH .-n TjJ CC ^"^■^Tj-idicidiriir: OCN-#CDO"#OiO CO O H W ^ CD e3 cd ooooooooo eccoeoeocococoecco ooooooooo cccocococqcocqcocc OOOOOOOOO :ocococococoooecco — ' CO COeNt--# CN q ■■;■ "t CO lO OOCOCOOiOHCr. c: ^Ht>lOfCNHC)C 00 O -^ K M rHQH0C •MHOOGOCOCOt- ■# ^ N IC CO H "' t- (M -'HOOaC.COOOCC OlOCOOCMt-COOO ^ ■* Ol W -f H l> Tf "T OSOSCOCOOOCOb-t-t- " a co S Q. OCDM^COMXt-fC OJt-w^coHcowq :»o'ic^coco*cncnc4 W CD CD N « Ifl Ci b- CO iCOlCOQCOMOCOt- Revolu- tions of Front Roll OCDOCCHCmMt- COQt-- ..-.«■* ro co M r- 114 Atlanta, Ga., STUART W. CRAMER, Charlotte, N. C Woonsocket Roving Machinery, Continued. W 3 (J C a "a Oh 3 ._ a: .- o a» a. a- q_ co * 1 0100b-CDiO-*«^ DC. CCt-COiO'*CO!N © CD iO ocooiiacNoait-Q lQTfCOCOCOCOCCOCOCOCOCOCOCO COCD»O^COlCfOHOiOOCOlO ■T*TPTtiTjlcOCOCOCO co^-t05t-iOT**oq*-(0 Tr^fcococococococo ^Ot-OCOt-OlOO .MQCCO^L-NCO OCSt-COCDiO^ti^CO XCTJOlOO^OONrH OtDOOiOCOOlCiCO r-< CO CO C t- lC W CN H OOliMlNrHHHHi JO-fOOlOOllflcN ?:«(NHOOQOJ05 :^©a>oo aitoaioat-cooocN •^rH^Q0OC0CCi-l I -^ Tji tp io id ici iri cc ooooooooo ooooooo > oo © >.s U fl ■» k> ,0 u 3 3 3 Hh fc*o H^ H-* iS 1 LO LO ^ > c c .2 o 32-S 04 •° • Q *S pd pq PQ i^ MfO"' T3 H M * c V \ S <* CO ts b CO -as s A cd 120 Atlanta, Ga., STUART W. CRAMER, Charlotte, N. C. Woonsocket Roving Machinery, Continued, Cd rj tu Q a o Atlanta, Ga., STUART W. CRAMER, Charlotte, N. C Woonsocket Roving Machinery, Continued. rt bo •as tu .5 03 jh 1) R OS 7/& in . •n;™^, „f \ Front Roll, 1 in. JJiameter ot { r, , r> n ■,/ • { Back Roll, y% in. Front Roll Gear, 28 T. Front Roll Gear, 30 T. Back Roll Gear, 84 T. Back Roll Gear, 84 T. Gear on Stud, 84 T. Gear on Stud, 84 T. Change on Stud. Draught. Change on Stud. Draught. 20 T 11.077 26 T 10.338 28 10.286 28 9.600 30 9.600 30 8.960 32 9.000 32 8.400 34 8.470 34 7.900 36 8.000 36 7.467 38 7.579 38 7.074 40 7.200 40 6.720 42 6.857 42 6.400 44 6.545 44 6.109 40 6.261 46 5.843 48 6.000 48 5.600 50 5.760 50 5.376 52 5.538 52 5.169 54 5.333 54 4.978 56 5.143 56 4.800 58 4.965 58 4.634 •„. . t i Front Roll, 1 in. Diameter of [ Back RoU> % in r,- „_ f f Front Roll, 1 in. Diameter of { Back RoU ' % {n Front Roll Gear, 30 T. Front Roll Gear, 30 T. Back Roll Gear, 84 T. Back Roll Gear, 84 T. Gear on Stud, 168 T. Gear on Stud, 60 T. Change on Stud. Draught. Change on Stud. Draught. 30 T 17.920 26 T 7.385 32 16.800 27 7.111 34 15.812 28 6.857 36 14.933 29 6.621 3S 14.147 30 6.400 41 13.112 31 6.193 44 12.218 32 6.000 47 11.438 33 5.818 50 10.752 34 5.647 53 10.143 35 5.486 50 9.600 36 5.333 59 9.112 37 5.189 62 8.671 38 5.053 67 8.024 39 4.923 72 7.467 40 4.800 77 6.982 41 4.683 82 6.556 42 4.571 Atlanta, Ga., STUART W. CRAMER, Charlotte, N. C. Whitin Spinning, Continued. Draught Table of Ring Spinning Frames. Diameter of Front Roll, 1 inch. Back Roll, | inch Front Roll Gear, 30 T. Back Roll Gear, 84 T. Gear on Stud, 120 T. Cnange on Stud. Draught. Change on Stud. Draught. 26 T 14.770 39 T 9.846 27 14.222 40 9.600 28 13.715 41 9.366 29 13.241 42 9.143 30 12.800 43 8.930 31 12.387 45 8.533 32 12.000 48 8.000 33 11.636 50 7.680 34 11.294 52 7.385 35 10.971 54 7.111 36 10.666 56 6.857 37 10.378 58 5.621 38 10.105 60 6.400 T 39 Atlanta, Ga., STUART W. CRAMER, Charlotte, N. C. Whitin Spinnings Continued. r-Q^S 140 Atlanta, Ga., STUART W. CRAMER, Charlotte, N. C. Whitin Spinning, Continued. 141 Atlanta, Ga., STUART W. CRAMER, Charlotte, N. C. Whitin Spinning, Continued. Ring Frame Change Twist Gear Table. Cylinder d\ in. Diameter, Front Eoll 1 in. Dia. Front Roll Gear 108 Teeth. Whirl f in. Dia. Whirl i| in. Dia. Whirl | in. Dia u Cyl. : Whirl : : L ; 7.44 Cyl.: Whirl : : 1:7. Cyl. : Whirl : : 1 : 6.47 o H H H H H h H H H H H H H H H H H H CO -# lO lO CN 00 CO ■# 1Q ICi o m , 3 ">. 3 *?. 3 •£ 3 ■"£. 3 "£ 3 ^ 3 "£ 3 V oo (J oo U 00 CJ 00 O oo V 00 U CO O OO U oo Twist. Twist. Twist. Twist. Twist. Twist. Twist. Twist. Twist . 16T 63.92 32.84 15.98 60.14 30.90 15.03 55.58 28.56 13.89 17 60.16 30.91 15.04 56.60 29.09 14.15 52.31 26.88 13.08 18 56.81 29.20 14.20 53.45 27.47 13.36 49.41 25.39 12.35 19 53.82 27.66 13.45 50.64 26.02 12.66 46.81 24.05 11.70 20 51.13 26.28 12.78 48.11 24.72 12.02 44.47 22.85 11.12 21 48.70 25.02 12.17 45.82 23.55 11.45 42.35 21.76 10.59 22 46.48 23.89 11.62 43.74 22.48 10.93 40.42 20.77 10.10 23 44.46 22.85 11.12 41.83 21.50 10.45 38.67 19.87 9.67 24 42.61 21.90 10.65 40.09 20.60 10.02 37.05 19.04 9.26 25 40.91 21.02 10.23 38.49 19.78 9.62 35.57 18.28 8.89 26 39.33 20.21 9.83 37.01 19.02 9.25 34.20 17.58 8.55 27 37.88 19.46 9.47 35.64 18.31 8.91 32.94 16.93 8.23 28 36.52 18.77 9.13 34.36 17.66 8.59 31.76 16.32 7.94 29 35.26 18.12 8.82 33.18 17.05 8.29 30.67 15.76 7.67 30 34.09 17.52 8.52 32.07 16.48 8.02 29.64 15.23 7.41 31 32.99 16.95 8.25 31.04 15.95 7.76 28.69 14.74 7.17 32 31.96 16.42 7.99 30.07 15.45 7.52 27.79 14.28 6.95 33 30.99 15.92 7.75 29.16 14.97 7.29 26.95 13.85 0.74 34 30.08 15.45 7.52 28.30 14.54 7.07 26.16 13.44 6.54 35 29.22 15.01 7.30 27.49 14.13 6.87 25.41 13.06 6.35 36 28.41 14.60 7.10 26.73 13.74 6.68 24.70 12.69 6.16 37 27.64 14.20 6.91 26.00 13.36 6.50 24.03 12.35 6.01 38 26.91 13.82 6.73 25.32 13.01 6.33 23.40 12.03 5.85 39 26.22 13.47 6.56 24.67 12.68 6.17 22.80 11.72 5.70 40 25.57 13.14 6.39 24.05 12.36 6.01 22.23 11.42 5.56 41 24.94 12.82 6.24 23.47 12.06 5.87 21.69 11.15 5.42 42 24.35 12.51 6.09 22.91 11.78 5.73 21.17 10.88 5.29 43 23.78 12.22 5.94- 22.38 11.50 5.59 20.68 10.63 5.17 44 23.24 11.94 5.81 21.87 11.24 5.47 20.21 10.39 5.05 45 22.72 11.68 5.68 21.38 10.99 5.34 19.76 10.16 4.94 46 22.23 11.42 5.56 20.92 10.75 5.23 19.33 9.93 4.84 47 21.76 11.18 5.44 20.47 10.52 5.12 18.92 9.72 4.73 48 21.30 10.95 5.32 20.05 10.30 5.01 18.52 9.52 4.63 50 20.45 10.51 5.11 19.24 9.89 4.81 17.79 9.14 4.45 52 19.67 10.11 4.92 18.50 9.51 4.63 17.10 8.79 4.28 54 18.94 9.73 4.73 17.82 9.16 4.45 16.47 8.46 4.12 56 18.26 9.38 4.56 17.18 8.83 4.30 15.88 8.16 3.97 58 17.63 9.06 4.41 16.59 8.52 4.15 15.33 7.88 3.83 00 17.04 8.76 4.26 16.04 8.24 . 4.01 1.4,82 7.62 3.70 142 Atlanta, Ga., STUART W. CRAMER, Charlotte, N. C. Whitin Spinning, Continued* Ring Frame Change Twist Gear Table. Cylinder 7 in. Diameter. Front Roll 1 in. Dia. Front Roll Gear 108 Teeth. Whirl f in. Dia. Whirl If in. Dia. Whirl f in. Dia c Cyl. : Whirl : : 1 : 8.33 Cyl. : Whirl : : L : 7.68 Cyl. : Whirl : : 1 : 7.25 CD o H H H H H H H H H H H Eh H H H H H H co -* m in > 3 * 3 ">. 3 "£_ 3 % 3 ->. 3 " 3 % 3 ■>> 3 U co U w U CO V co U co U CO U co O co U CO Twist. Twist. Twist. Twist. Twist. Twist. Twist. Twist. Twist. IfiT 71.56 36.77 17.89 65.98 33.91 16.50 62.28 32.00 15.57 17 67.35 34.61 16.84 62.09 31.91 15.52 58.62 30.12 14.65 18 63.61 32.69 15.90 58.65 30.14 14.66 55.36 28.45 13.84 19 60.26 30.97 15.07 55.56 28.55 13.89 52.45 26.95 13.11 20 57.25 29.42 14.31 52.78 27.12 13.20 49.83 25.60 12.46 21 54.52 28.02 13.63 50.27 25.83 12.57 47.45 24.39 11.86 22 52.04 26.74 13.01 47.98 24.66 12.00 45.30 23.28 11.32 23 49.78 25.58 12.45 45.89 23.59 11.50 43.33 22.26 10.83 24 47.71 24.52 11.93 43.98 22.60 11.00 41.52 21.33 10.38 25 45.80 23.54 11.45 42.23 21.70 10.56 39.86 20.48 9.97 26 44.04 22.63 11.01 40.60 20.86 10.15 38.32 19.70 9.58 27 42.41 21.79 10.C0 39.10 20.09 9.77 36.91 18.97 9.23 28 40.89 21.01 10.22 37.70 19.37 9.43 35.59 18.29 8.89 29 39.48 20.29 9.87 36.40 18.71 9.10 34.36 17.66 8.59 30 38.17 19.61 9.54 35.19 18.08 8.80 33.22 17.07 8.30 31 36.93 18.98 9.23 34.05 17.50 8.52 32.15 16.52 8.04 32 35.78 18.39 8.95 32.99 16.95 8.25 31.14 16.00 7.78 33 34.70 17.83 8.67 31.99 16.44 8.00 30.20 15.52 7.55 34 33.68 17.30 8.42 31.04 15.95 7.76 29.31 15.06 7.33 35 32.71 16.81 8.18 30:16 15.21 7.54 2S.47 14.03 7.12 36 31.80 16.34 7.95 29.32 15.06 7.33 27.68 14.22 6.92 37 30.94 15.90 7.74 28.53 14.66 7.13 26.93 13.84 6.73 38 30.13 15.48 7.54 27.78 14.28 6.95 26.22 13.48 6.55 39 29.36 15.08 7.34 27.06 13.91 6.77 25.55 13.13 6.38 40 28.62 14.71 7.16 26.39 13.56 6.60 24.91 12.80 6.23 41 27.93 14.35 6.98 25.74 13.23 6.44 24.30 12.49 6.08 42 27.26 14.00 6.82 25.13 12.91 6.28 23.73 12.19 5.93 43 26.63 13.68 6.66 24.55 12.61 6.14 23.17 11.91 5.80 44 26.02 13.37 6.51 23.99 12.33 6.00 22.65 11.64 5.66 45 25.44 13.07 6.36 23.46 12.05 5.87 22.14 11.38 5.53 46 24.89 12.79 6.22 22.95 11.79 5.74 21.66 11.13 5.42 47 24.36 12.52 6.09 22.46 11.54 5.62 21.20 10.89 5.30 48 23.85 12.26 5.97 21.99 11.30 5.50 20.76 10.67 5.19 50 22.90 11.77 5.72 21.11 10.85 5.28 19.93 10.24 4.98 52 22.02 11.31 5.50 20.30 10.43 5.08 19.16 9.85 4.79 54 21.20 10.90 5.30 19.55 10.04 4.89 18.45 9.48 4.62 56 20.45 10.51 5.11 18.85 S.68 4-72 17.79 9.14 4.45 58 19.74 10.14 4.93 18.20 9.35 4.55 17.18 8.83 4.29 60 19.08 9.81 4.77 17.59 9.04 4.40 16.61 8.53 4.15 143 Atlanta, Ga., STUART W. CRAMER, Charlotte, N. C. Whitin Spinning, Continued. Ring Frame Change Twist Gear Table. Cylinder 8 in. Diameter. Front Roll 1 in. Dia. Front Roll Gear 108 Teeth. Whirl | in. Dia. Whirl i| in. Dia. Whirl | in. Dia. c Cyl. : Whirl : : L : 9.52 Cyl. : Whirl : : 1 : 8.91 Cyl. : Whirl : : 1 : 8.28 > 3 ^ 3 ">> 3 "£ 3 "£ 3 ->- 3 ^ 3 ^ 3 -Z. 3 O w U co O m U co U W U W cj w U in u en Twist. Twist. Twist. Twist. Twist. Twist. Twist. Twist. Twist. 16T 81.78 42.03 20.45 76.55 39,93 19.13 71.13 36.55 17.78 17 76.97 39.56 19.24 72.04 37.02 18.01 66.95 34.40 16.74 18 72.70 37.36 18.17 68.04 34.96 17.01 63.23 32.49 15.81 19 68.87 35.39 17.22 64.46 33.12 16.11 5S.90 30.78 14.97 20 65.43 33.62 16.36 61.24 31.46 15.31 56.91 29.24 14.22 21 62.31 32.02 15.58 58.31 29.97 14.58 54 20 27.85 13.55 22 59.48 30.56 14.87 55.67 28.61 13.92 51 73 26.58 12.93 23 56.89 29.23 14.22 53.25 27.36 13.31 49.48 25.42 12.37 9A 54.52 28.02 13.63 51.03 26.22 12.76 47.42 24.37 11.86 25 52.34 26.90 13.08 48.99 25.17 12.25 45.52 23.39 11.38 w 50.33 25.86 12.58 47.10 24.21 11.77 43.77 22.49 10.94 27 48.46 24.90 12.12 45.36 23.31 11.34 42.15 21.66 10.54 28 46.73 24.01 11.68 43.74 22.48 10.93 40.65 20.89 10.16 ?,9 45.12 23.19 11.28 42.23 21.70 10.55 39.24 20.17 9.81 30 43.62 22.41 10.90 40.82 20.98 10,21 37.94 19.49 9.48 31 42.21 21.69 10.55 39.51 20.30 9.88 36.71 18.87 9.18 32 40.89 21.01 10.22 38.28 19.67 9.57 35.57 18.28 8.89 33 39.65 20.38 9.91 37.12 19.07 9.28 34.49 17.72 8.62 34 38.49 19.78 9.62 36.02 18.51 9.01 33.47 17.20 8.37 35 37.39 19.21 9.35 35.14 17.98 8.75 32.52 16.71 8.13 36 36.35 18.68 9.09 34.02 17.48 8.51 31.61 16.24 7.90 37 35.37 18.17 8.84 33.10 17.01 8.27 30.76 15.81 7.69 38 34.44 17.69 8.60 32.23 16.55 8.05 29.95 15.39 7.49 39 33.55 17.24 8.38 31.40 16.13 7.85 29.18 15.00 7.29 40 32.71 16.81 8.18 30.62 15.73 7.65 28.45 14.62 7.11 41 31.91 16.40 7.98 29.88 15.35 7.47 27.76 14.26 6.94 42 31.16 16.01 7.79 29.16 14.98 7.29 27.10 13 92 6.77 43 30.43 15.64 7.61 28.48 14.64 7.12 26.47 13.60 6.62 44 29.74 15.28 7.43 27.84 14.30 6.96 25.87 13.29 6.47 45 29.08 14.94 7.27 27.21 13.98 6.80 25.29 13.00 6.32 46 28.45 14.62 7.11 26.62 13.68 6.65 24.74 12.71 6.18 47 27.84 14.31 6.96 26.06 13.39 6.51 24.21 12.44 6.05 48 27.26 14.01 6.81 25.52 13.11 6.38 23.71 12.18 5.93 50 26.17 13.45 6.54 24.49 12.59 6.12 22.76 11.70 5.69 52 25.16 12.93 6.29 23.56 12.10 5.89 21.89 11.25 5.47 54 .24.23 12.45 6.06 22.68 11.66 5.67 21.08 10.83 5.27 56 23.37 12.01 5.84 21.87 11.24 5.46 20.32 10.44 5.08 58 22.56 11.59 5.64 21.12 10.85 5.28 19.62 10.08 4.91 60 21.81 11.21 5.45 20.41 10.49 5.10 18.97 9.75 4.74 144 Atlanta, Ga., STUART W CRAMER, Charlotte, N. C. Whitin Spinning, Continued* Twist Tables. 1*1 u 1 1° IN Extra Mule Warp Twist. 6 .3 .a 23,* hi) H o .2 c O ns i 1.0000 4.75 4.00 3.50 3.25 2.75 2.50 2 1.4142 6.72 5.66 4.95 4.60 3.89 3.53 3 1.7320 8.23 6.93 6.06 5.63 4.76 4.33 4 2.0000 9.50 8.00 7.00 6.50 5.50 5.00 5 2.2360 10.62 8.94 7.83 7.27 6.15 5.59 6 2.4494 11.63 9.80 8.57 7.96 6.73 6.12 7 2.6457 12.56 10.58 9.26 8.60 7.27 6.01 8 2.8284 13.43 11.31 9.90 9.19 7.78 7.07 9 3.0000 14.25 12.00 10.50 9.75 8.25 7.50 10 3.1622 15.02 12.65 11.07 10.27 8.69 7.90 11 3.3166 15.75 13.26 11.61 10.78 9.12 8.29 12 3.4641 16.45 13.86 12.12 11.26 9.52 8.66 13 3.6055 17.12 14.42 12.62 11.72 9.91 9.01 14 3.7416 17.77 14.96 13.10 12.16 10.29 9.35 15 3.8729 18.39 15.49 13.56 12.59 10.65 9.68 16 4.0000 19.00 16.00 14.00 13.00 11.00 10.00 17 4.1231 19.58 16.49 14.43 13.40 11.34 10.31 18 4.2426 20.15 16.97 14.85 13.79 11.66 10.60 19 4.3588 20.70 17.43 15.26 14.17 11.98 10.89 20 4.4721 21.24 17.89 15.65 14.53 12.30 11.18 21 4.5825 21.76 18.33 16.04 14.89 12.60 11.46 22 4.6904 22.27 18.76 16.42 15.24 12.89 11.73 23 4.7958 22.78 19.80 16.79 15.59 13.19 11.99 24 4.8989 23.27 19.59 17.15 15.92 13.47 12.25 25 5.0000 23.75 20.00 17.50 16.25 13.75 12.50 26 5.0990 24.22 20.39 17-85 16.57 14.02 12.75 27 5.1961 24.68 20.78 18.19 16.89 14.29 12.99 28 5.2915 25.13 21.16 18.52 17.20 14.55 13.23 29 5.3851 25.58 21.54 18.85 17.50 14.81 13.46 30 5.4772 26.02 21.91 19.17 17.80 15.06 13.69 31 5.5677 26.44 22.27 19.49 18.10 15.31 13.92 32 5.6568 26.87 22.63 19.80 18.38 15.55 14.14 33 5.7445 27.28 22.98 20.11 18.67 15.80 14.36 34 5.8309 27.69 23.32 20,41 18.95 16.03 14.58 35 5.9160 28.10 23.66 20.71 19.23 16.27 14.79 36 6.0000 28.50 24.00 21.00 19.50 16.50 15.00 37 6.0827 28.89 24.33 21.29 19.77 16.72 15.21 38 6.1644 29.28 24.66 21.58 20.03 16.95 15.41 39 6.2449 29.66 24.98 21.86 20.30 17.17 15.61 40 6.3245 30.04 25.30 22.14 20.55 17.39 15.81 41 6.4031 30.42 25.61 22.41 20.81 17.61 16.01 42 6.4807 30.78 25.92 22.68 21.06 17.82 16.20 43 6.5574 31.14 26.23 22.95 21.31 18.03 16.39 44 6.6332 31.50 26.53 23.22 21.56 18.24- 16.58 45 6.7082 31.86 26.83 23.48 21.80 18.45 16.77 46 6.7823 32.21 27.13 23.74 22.04 18.65 16.96 47 6.8556 32.56 27.42 23.99 22.28 18.85 17.14 48 6.9282 32.90 27.71 24.25 22.52 19.05 17.32 49 7.0000 33.25 2 s .00 24.50 22.75 19.25 17.50 50 7.0710 33.58 28.28 24.75 22.98 19.44 ^17.68 145 Atlanta, Ga., STUART W, CRAMER, Charlotte, N. C. Whitin Spinning, Continued. Twist Tables. Continued. w e' « 22 D.-*-* rf d; a.^ %" i%" %" xi y%" Standard. 40- 49 *%" itf" 6 " 7K" %" xiy s " Standard. 50- 59 2%" itf" 6 " l)i" \l" XIx 1 /' Standard. 60-120 2%," iH" 5^" 6%" \%" XI T V' Standard. FILLING. 1- 9 2%" iH" 1)4." 8&" %," XI%" Medium. 10- 19 2%," iH" 7 " 8^" %" xi 3 /s" Medium. 20- 29 2l" ift" (>%." 7X" W xiA" Medium. 30- 35 *%" 6%" 7%" ^s" xi#" Medium. 36- 39 2\" 1*" 6 " 7%" y 8 " xi A" Standard. 40- 49 2%" i%" 6 " 7%" Yi" xiYs" Standard. 50- 59 2\" i%" 5^" 6%" y%" xiYs" Standard 60- 79 2%" iA" 5^" m" y%" xiJg" Standard 80-120 2%" i/s" 5^" 6%" y 8 "xi " Standard. Note: — Warp and Filling Rings for Numbers above No. 50, use No. 1 Flange. 151 Atlanta, Ga. t STUART W. CRAMER, Charlotte, N. C. Whitin Spinning, Continued. Production Table of Ring Warp Yarn, Front Roll \ in. Diameter. Number of Twist per Inch. Rev. of Front Roll Rev. of Spindles Hanks per Day Pounds per day Number of Yarn. per Minute. per Minute. per Spindle. per Spindle. Yarn. 4 9.50 166.0 4950 9.115 2.279 4 5 10.62 163.2 5450 8.962 1.792 5 6 11.63 161.4 5900 8.863 1.477 6 7 12.56 159.6 6300 8.764 1.252 7 8 13.43 157.6 6650 8.654 1.082 8 9 14.25 156.3 7000 8.583 .954 9 10 15.02 153.6 7250 8.530 .853 10 11 15.75 151.5 7500 8.413 .765 11 12 16.45 150.0 7750 8.330 .694 12 13 17.12 147.8 7950 8.208 .631 13 14 17.77 145.9 8150 8.103 .579 14 15 18.39 143.6 8300 7.975 .532 15 18 19.00 141.5 8450 7.858 .497 16 17 19.58 139.7 8600 7.758 .468 17 18 20.15 138.1 8750 7.670 .429 18 19 20.70 136.0 8850 7.553 .398 19 20 21.24 134.0 8950 7.525 .376 20 21 21.76 132.3 9050 7.430 . .354 21 22 22.27 130.0 9100 7.301 .332 22 23 22.78 127.8 9150 7.177 .312 23 24 23.27 125.8 9200 7.065 .294 24 25 23.75 124.6 9300 6.998 .280 25 26 24.22 123.7 9400 7.024 .270 26 27 24.68 121.9 9450 6.922 .256 27 28 25.13 120.2 9500 6.825 .244 28 29 25.58 118.2 9500 6.712 .231 29 30 26.02 116.2 9500 6.598 .220 30 31 26.44 114.4 9500 6.496 .210 31 32 26.87 112.5 9500 6.388 .200 32 33 27.28 111.4 9550 6.326 .192 33 34 27.69 110.3 9600 6.263 .184 34 35 28.10 108.7 9600 6.240 .178 35 Allowance has been made for cleaning, oiling and doffing. 152 Atlanta, Ga., STUART W. CRAMER, Charlotte, N. C. Whitin Spinning, Continued. Production Table of Ring Warp Yarn* Front Roll 1 in. Diameter. Number of Twist per Inch. Rev. of Front Roll Rev. of Spindles Hanks per Day Pounds per day Number of Yarn. per Minute. per Minute. per Spindle. per Spindle. Yarn. 36 28.50 108.3 9700 6.217 .173 36 37 28.89 106.8 9700 6.131 .166 37 38 29.28 106.5 9800 6.114 .161 38 39 29.66 105.2 9800 6.039 .155 39 40 29.07 106.2 9700 6.097 .152 40 41 29.44 104.9 9700 6.022 .147 41 42 29.80 103.6 9700 5.947 .142 42 43 30.13 102.5 9700 5.884 .137 43 44 30.49 101.2 9700 5.810 .132 44 45 30.82 100.2 9700 5.815 .129 45 40 31.18 99.0 9700 5.745 .125 46 47 31.51 98.0 9700 5.687 .121 47 48 31.83 97.0 9700 5.629 .117 48 49 32.20 95.9 9700 5.565 .114 49 50 32.52 94.9 9700 5.508 .110 50 55 33.34 91.6 9600 5.373 .098 55 60 34.83 87.7 9600 5.199 .087 60 65 36.27 84.2 9600 4.991 .077 65 70 37.62 81.2 9600 4.814 .069 70 75 38.10 79.4 9500 4.707 .063 75 80 39.33 76.9 9500 4.606 .058 80 85 39.64 74.0 9100 4.433 .052 85 90 40.76 71.0 9100 4.297 .048 90 95 41.88 68.5 9000 4.146 .044 95 100 42.00 65.9 8700 4.030 .040 100 110 44.01 61.5 8500 3.761 .034 110 120 44.89 58.1 8200 3.553 .030 120 130 46.74 53.1 7800 3.281 .025 130 140 47.32 47.1 7000 2.910 .021 140 150 48.96 42.9 6600 2.650 .018 150 160 50.56 37.8 6000 2.335 .015 160 170 52.12 33.6 5500 2.076 .012 170 Allowance has been made for cleaning, oiling and doffing. 153 Atlanta, Ga., STUART W. CRAMER, Charlotte, N. C. Whitin Spinning, Continued. Production Table of Ring Filling Yarn. Front Roll \ in. Diameter. Number of Yarn. Twist per Inch. Rev. of Front Roll Rev. of Spindles Hanks per Day Pounds per day Number of per Minute. per Minute. per Spindle. per Spindle. Yarn. 4 7.00 182.0 4000 9.656 2.414 4 5 7.83 178.8 4400 9.483 1.897 5 6 8.57 178.3 4800 9.568 1.594 6 7 9.26 176.9 5150 9.494 1.356 7 8 9.90 175.3 5450 9.407 1.176 8 9 10.50 172.7 5700 9.267 1.030 9 10 11.07 171.0 5950 9.283 .928 10 11 11.61 168.6 6150 9.153 .832 11 12 12.12 166.7 6350 9.154 .763 12 13 12.62 164.0 6500 9.005 .693 13 14 13.10 162.7 6700 8.934 .638 14 15 13.56 160.7 6850 8.825 .588 15 16 14.00 158.0 6950 8.676 .542 16 17 14.43 156.6 7100 8.599 .506 17 18 14.85 154.3 7200 8.473 .471 18 19 15.26 152.5 7300 8.374 .441 19 20 15.65 150.4 7400 8.352 .418 20 21 16.04 148.8 7500 8.264 .394 21 22 16.42 147.3 7600 8.181 .372 22 23 16.79 145.9 7700 8.103 .352 23 24 17.15 144.7 7800 8.034 .335 24 25 17.50 142.8 7850 7.930 .317 25 26 17.85 140.0 7850 7.862 .302 26 27 17.64 141.6 7850 7.952 .295 27 28 17.99 139.7 7900 7.845 .280 28 29 18.29 137.4 7900 7.717 .266 29 30 18.35 136.9 7900 7.774 .259 30 31 18.62 135.0 7900 7.666 .248 31 32 18.64 134.9 7900 7.660 .239 32 33 18.94 133,3 7900 7.569 .229 33 34 18.95 132.7 7900 7 535 .222 34 35 19.23 130.7 7900 7.503 .214 35 Allowauce has been made for cleaning, oiling and doffing. 154 Atlanta, Ga., STUART W. CRAMER, Charlotte, N. C. Whitin Spinnings Concluded. Production Table of Ring Filling Yarn, Front Roll J in. Diameter. Number of Twist per Inch. Rev. of Front Roll Rev. of Spindles Hanks per Day Pounds per day Number of Yarn. per Minute. per Minute. per Spindle. per Spindle. Yarn . 30 19.50 128.9 7900 7.400 .206 36 37 19.77 127.2 7900 7.302 .195 37 38 20.03 125.5 7900 7.205 .190 38 39 20.30 123.8 7900 7.107 .182 39 40 20.55 122.3 7900 7.098 .177 40 41 20.81 120.8 7900 7.010 .171 41 42 21.00 119.4 7900 6.929 .165 42 43 21.31 117.9 7900 6.842 .159 43 44 21.56 116.6 7900 6.767 .154 44 45 21.80 115.3 7900 6.691 .149 45 4G 22.04 114.1 7900 6.622 .144 46 47 22.28 112.8 7900 6.546 .139 47 48 22.52 111.6 7900 6.477 .135 48 49 22.75 110.5 7900 6.412 .131 49 50 22.98 109.4 7900 6.417 .128 50 55 24.10 104.3 7900 6.183 .112 55 00 25.16 99.9 7900 5.985 .100 60 05 25.79 96.2 7800 5.760 .088 05 70 26.75 92.8 7800 5.559 .079 70 75 27.71 89.6 7800 5.367 .072 75 80 28.16 87.0 7700 5.266 .066 80 85 29.04 83.3 7600 5.042 .059 85 90 29.39 80.1 7400 4.899 .054 90 95 30.19 78.0 7400 4.770 .050 95 100 30.50 75.1 7200 4.639 .046 100 110 31.44 69.8 6900 4.312 .039 110 120 32.85 63.0 0500 3.892 .032 120 130 34.20 57.7 6200 3.564 .027 130 140 35.49 52.9 5900 3.248 .023 140 150 36.72 48.6 5600 3.002 .029 150 1C0 37.92 44.5 5300 2.750 .017 160 170 39.09 40.8 5000 2.520 .015 170 Allowance has beeu made for cleaning, oiling and dofuag. T 55 Atlanta, Ga., STUART W. CRAMER, Charlotte, N. C. Production Table for Self-Acting Mule* 64-inch Stretches per Minute. Production per day of ten hours. Number of Calculated Actual (to per ct. Stoppages.) Yarn. Hanks Hanks Pounds per Spindle. per Spindle per Spindle. 4 6.00 7.62 6.86 1. 71 5 6.00 7.62 6.86 1 37 6 6.00 7.62 6.86 1 14 7 6.00 7.62 6.86 980 8 6.00 7.62 6.86 85S 9 6.00 7.62 6.86 762 10 6.00 7.62 6.86 686 ii 6.00 7-i ; 2 6.86 624 12 6.00 7.62 6.86 572 13 6.00 7.62 6.86 528 14 5-50 6.99 6.29 449 15 5-50 6.99 6.29 419 16 5-50 6.99 6.29 393 17 5-50 6.99 6.29 370 18 5-50 6.99 6.29 349 19 5-50 6.99 6.29 331 20 5-50 6.99 6.29 315 21 5 50 6.99 6.29 3°o 22 5-50 6-99 6.29 286 23 5-50 6.99 6.29 273 24 5-50 6.99 6.29 262 25 5-50 6.99 6 29 252 26 5-25 6.66 6.00 231 27 5-25 6.66 6.00 222 28 5-25 6.66 6.00 214 29 5-25 6 66 6.00 207 3° 5.25 6.66 6.00 200 31 5-25 6.66 6.00 194 32 5-25 6.66 6.00 188 33 5-25 6.66 6.00 182 34 5-25 6.66 6.00 176 35 5-25 6.66 6.00 171 36 5.125 6.51 5-86 •63 37 5-125 6.51 5-86 157 38 5-125 6.51 5.86 '54 39 5-125 6.51 5-86 150 40 5-oo 6-34 5-71 143 4i 5-oo 6-34 5.71 139 42 5.00 6-34 5-7i 136 43 5.00 6-34 5-7i 133 44 4-75 6.03 5-43 123 45 4-75 6.03 5-43 121 46 4-75 6.03 5.43 118 47 4-75 6.03 5-43 116 48 4-50 5-72 5-15 107 49 4-50 5-72 5-15 io5 50 4-50 5-72 5-15 1 03 5i 4-50 5.72 5-15 101 52 4-25 5-40 4.86 093 53 4-25 5-40 4.86 091 54 4-25 5-4o 4.86 090 55 4.25 5-4o 4.86 088 56 4-25 5 -4o 4.86 086 57 4-25 5-40 4.86 085 156 Atlanta, Ga., STUART W. CRAMER, Charlotte, N. C Production Table for Self-Acting Mule. (Concluded.) 64-inch Stretches per Minute. Production per day of ten hours Number of Calculated Actual (10 per ct. Stoppages.) Yarn. Hanks Hanks Pc >unds per Spindle. per Spindle. per S >pindle. 58 4-25 5-40 4.86 084 59 4-25 5 40 4 b6 082 60 4-125 5 24 4 72 079 61 4.125 5 24 4 72 077 62 4-125 5 24 4 72 076 63 4.125 5 24 4 72 °75 64 4.125 5 24 4 72 074 65 4.125 5 24 4 72 073 66 4.125 5 24 4 72 072 67 4-125 5 24 4 72 070 68 4.00 5 08 4 58 067 69 4.00 5 08 4 58 066 70 4.00 5 08 4 58 065 7i 4.00 5 08 4 58 065 72 4.00 5 08 4 58 064 73 4.00 5 08 4 58 063 71 4.00 5 oS 4 58 062 75 4.00 5 08 4 58 061 76 4.00 5 08 4 5« 060 77 4.00 5 08 4 58 059 78 4.00 5 08 4 58 059 79 4.00 5 08 4 58 058 80 3-875 4 92 4 43 °55 81 3-875 4 92 4 43 °55 82 3-875 4 92 4 43 054 83 3-875 4 92 4 43 053 84 3 875 4 92 4 43 053 8s 3-875 4 92 4 43 052 86 3-875 4 92 4 43 052 87 3-875 4 92 4 43 051 88 3-875 4 92 4 43 050 89 3-875 4 92 4 43 050 90 3-75 4 76 4 28 048 91 3-75 4 76 4 28 047 92 3-75 4 76 4 28 047 93 3-75 4 76 4 28 046 94 3-75 4 76 4 28 046 95 3 75 4 76 4 28 045 96 3-75 4 76 4 28 045 97 3-75 4 76 4 28 , 044 98 3-75 4 76 4 28 044 99 3-75 4 76 4 28 043 100 3-75 4.76 4.28 o43 Note:— The production given in the tables is sometimes exceeded by ap- plying a " roller motion," which will deliver from 4 per cent, to 7 per cent of yarn during the inward run of the carriage, as may be desired; this increased production is generally figured at 5 per cent. 157 Atlanta, Ga., STUART W. CRAMER, Charlotte, N. C. Draper's Table of Breaking Weight of American "Warp Yarns, per Skein, weight given in Pounds. J3 £x\ £> be ■ .32 J3 tuo . J4 Ml & S £ s 3 3 «£ 3 3 £* 1 26 66.3 51 36.6 76 25.8 2 27 63.6 52 36.1 77 25.5 3 530.0 28 61.3 53 35.5 78 25.3 4 410.0 29 59.2 54 34.9 79 24.9 5 330.0 30 57.3 55 34.4 80 24.6 6 275.0 31 55.6 56 33.8 81 24.3 7 237.6 32 54.0 57 33.4 82 24.0 8 209.0 33 52.6 58 32.8 83 23.7 9 186.5 34 51.2 59 32.3 84 23.4 10 168.7 35 50.0 60 31.7 85 23.2 11 154.1 36 48.7 61 31.3 86 22.8 12 142.0 37 47.6 62 30.8 87 22.6 13 131.5 38 46.5 63 30.4 88 22.4 14 122.8 39 45.5 64 30.0 89 22.2 15 115.1 40 44.6 65 29.6 90 22.0 16 108.4 41 43.8 66 29.2 91 21.7 17 102.5 42 43.0 67 28.8 92 21.5 18 97.3 43 42.2 68 28.5 93 21.3 19 92.6 44 41.4 69 28.2 94 21.2 20 88.3 45 40.7 70 27.8 95 21.0 • 21 83.8 46 40.0 71 27.4 96 20.7 22 79.7 47 39.3 72 27.1 97 20.5 23 75.9 48 38.6 73 26.8 98 20.4 24 72.4 49 37.9 74 26.5 99 20.2 25 69.2 50 37.3 75 26.2 100 20.0 158 Atlanta, Ga. t STUART W. CRAMER, Charlotte, N. C Makepeace's Table of Breaking Weight of English and American Warp Yams, in Pounds per Skein* American English Table. Table. No. of No. of Yarn. Ordinary. Fair. Good. Extra. Average Strength. Yarn. 10 119. 2 124.3 128.8 134-3 170.1 10 ii 1037 105.2 1074 no. 6 1583 n 12 99.1 99.8 102 1 104.4 144.7 12 13 92.8 95 3 97 6 99.8 132.6 13 14 91. 1 92.9 94.8 96.7 122. 1 14 15 85.4 86.5 88.5 91.1 116.8 15 16 82.2 84.8 86.3 88.6 110.2 16 17 77-3 79.6 81.2 83.1 104.5 17 18 73-6 74 8 76.7 78.7 98.9 18 20 68.7 70.1 71.8 73 5 89.8 20 22 62.5 64.6 65-9 66.8 80.4 22 24 58.4 60.8 61.9 63.1 73-6 24 26 54-3 56.4 57-8 59-2 67.9 26 28 50.6 519 528 54-9 62.7 28 30 489 499 512 52.8 58.4 30 32 45 8 46.8 48.1 49.1 55- 1 32 34 44-3 45 6 46.3 48.1 52.2 34 36 42 1 42.8 43-7 44-9 49-9 36 38 39-3 40.0 41.7 42.6 47.8 38 40 38.4 39-6 409 41.7 45 7 40 42 37-5 38.7 39-6 40.8 44-1 42 44 35-i 36.4 38.9 37-9 42.2 44 46 33-5 34-9 35-6 36.1 41.4 46 48 32.1 33-3 33-9 34-7 39- * 48 5° 31 9 32.7 33-4 34-i 38.4 5° 55 30-7 31-3 32 1 33-2 35 9 55 60 28.1 29.8 30.7 29.7 328 60 65 25.0 26.4 27 3 27.8 30-9 65 70 23.9 24-3 25 4 26.1 285 70 75 22.4 23.1 24 1 24.7 27.8 75 80 21.0 22 7 23 2 23-9 25.6 80 85 19.6 20.5 21 1 22.1 4-1 85 90 iff.7 19-3 20.2 20 9 22.3 90 95 17.9 18.7 19.1 20.1 21 4 95 100 17 3 18 1 187 19.4 20.8 100 159 Atlanta, Ga., STUART W. CRAMER, Charlotte, N. C. NEW MODEL SPOOLER, Manufactured by The Whitin Machine Works. The accompanying cut shows clearly the general features of construction of our new Spooler. The chief departures from our former pattern are the adoption of the single rail for holding the spindle, and the entire remodeling of the spindle itself. The latter runs in a bolster with a closed bottom, and being held by the single rail, is always found to run freely, any twisting or settling of the frame not affecting the spindle, as sometimes happens when two rails are used. The bolster case, between the spindle bearings at the extreme top and bottom, is enlarged to form a chamber holding a considerable quantity of oil. The spindle is fur- ther constructed so that all oil is thrown off before reaching the top of the bolster, and is then conducted back by chan- nels to the oil chamber, thus avoiding waste. The spindle virtually runs in a bottle, and a little oil once in a month or two will be found sufficient, there being no waste except by evaporation. To avoid cross-banding at the end of the cylinder, two spindles are equipped with double whirls, driving from one to the other. 160 Atlanta, Ga., STUART W, CRAMER, Charlotte, N. C, Whitin Spoolers, Continued. The single rail supporting the spindles is made extra strong and heavy. Our new patent Thread Guide has the hori- zontal slot and is easily adjusted both for height and different opening of slot. Either adjustment is independent of the other, so that in changing, attention need be given only to the defective point. The guide is further arranged so that the slot will not be closed by an accidental blow, as from a spool. We equip the Spooler with either the Wade type of bobbin holders, or side spindles as desired. The bobbin boxes are of large capacity, and are fitted with shields to keep out dirt falling from above, or we apply brackets to re- ceive the ordinary doffing boxes as they come from the spinning room. The wave or traverse is governed by a mangle, and on long machines is driven from both ends thus insuring a very positive and steady motion to the guides the whole length of the frame, and guaranteeing perfect spools. The wave shaft is placed high in the frame, so that the levers operating the lifting-rods are well-up from the mill floor. This prevents the breakage of the mangle by the levers striking any stray spools that may have fallen under the frame. Creel and trough are made conveniently for storing empty and full spools. The driving pulley is provided with shipper-fork for both overhead and underneath belts. Floor Space: — Width 4' and 2." and lengths as per table on next page. The lengths given are outside of driving pulleys. Driving Pulleys are 10" diameter, i\" face, and run from 160 to 260 revolutions per minute. 161 Atlanta, Ga., STUART W. CRAMER, Charlotte, N. G Whitin Spoolers, Continued. «3 u u r$ (J *— 1 O O u, o CO jg Ul .g 3 Oil) •iHt-r-lt-rHt-r-lt-i-lt-iH • © C01C CO OCO CO CO ? ) CO CO t}1 Tji •* -^ ITS .5 t- t-l ^ OS CM CO lOOCOt- OOCNt .: o cm iri t- o cm no b- cs cOC00005 I -ICO^COt-050CM • OOClHIMTlllOt-OOOHn^HOt-fflO .-li-lrHrHTHT-KNCMCMCMCSCMCMCO ooooooooooooooooo -i<10COt-00010HN«'flOCOt-00010 162 Atlanta, Ga., STUART W. CRAMER, Charlotte, N. C. Whitin Spoolers, Continued. /f lliim- mill " III" 11 , , I Mil s o S 0. 4 in i £i Si fe i6 3 Atlanta, Ga„ STUART W. CRAMER, Charlotte, N. G Whitin Spoolers, Concluded. Production Table of Spooler. Dimensions of a Revolutions per Minute of No. Whitin Spools. ft Gravity Spindles to Cyl. 167, Cyl. 1S4. Cyl. 200, Length Diameter of Heads. O d S25 Spindle 750 Spindle 825 Spindle 900 one Spooler Spindle at 825 kev. Heads. Pounds per Day per Spindle. r s 10.8 11.8 12.9 ) i io 86 9-5 io-3 r 12 6 in. 5 m. •< 12 7.2 7-9 8.6) 1 I4 L 16 6.2 6.8 7-4 j 54 5-9 6.5 V 13 f 18 4-8 5-3 5-8 j | 20 43 4.8 5.2 1 6 in. 4 in. -i 22 3-9 4-3 4-7^ 14 1 24 [ 26 3-6 40 4-3) 3-3 3-7 4.o) f 28 3-i 3 4 3-7 > 15 1 3° 2.9 3-2 3-5) 5 in. 4 in. ! 32 1 34 2.7 2.6 30 28 3-3 t 3-1 1 16 1 36 2.4 2-7 2.9! 2.7 f 17 I 38 2.3 2-5 1 40 2,2 2 4 2.6 18 4% in. Z% in. i 44 2.0 2.2 2.4 19 < 50 1 8 1-9 2 1 20 I 60 i-5 1.6 1.8 21 3% in. ZV\ m. < 70 i-3 i-4 i-5 23 ( 80 1.1 1.2 1-3 25 3 in. 2?4 in. J 9° j 100 1.0 ■9 1.1 1.0 1.2 1.1 27 30 164 Atlanta, Ga., STUART W, CRAMER, Charlotte, N. G WET AND DRY TWISTERS, Manufactured by The Whitin Machine Works* This machine in its general construction closely resembles our Ring Spinning Frame. It is built with the box end en- closing gearing and outboard bearing for pulley arbor. The lifting rods run in protected bushings, and the Twister is fur- nished with a patented device for locking the ring rails when doffing. The gearing is machine cut, and may be arranged, at the option of the purchaser, to drive each side of the frame independent of the other, thereby producing two different twists at the same time, if desired. The Twister is arranged to twist from spools only. The delivering rolls are built in two styles, viz : two lines of lower rolls with heavy single line of top rolls, generally used in heavy Dry twisting, and single line of lower rolls with single line of top rolls, which are used in both Dry and Water twisting. In Water twisting the rolls are brass or brass covered, and the yarn is held under water contained in a brass trough by a glass rod, which, by a simple device, can be raised to free the yarn from the water or for cleaning. A simple and effective knee brake is provided for each spindle, by means of which any spindle may be stopped in- dependently of the rest, while piecing up. The traverse is 4", 4>£", 5", 5%", 6'' ', 6%". The spindles are driven by either 7" or 3" cylinders. Driving Pulleys are 6" to 18" in diameter ; width of face, 2" to 3". 165 Atlanta, Ga., STUART W. CRAMER, Charlotte, N. C. Whitin Twisters, Continued. ** ^ tj « o t-t-t-t-t*l>C£CDCCi | ©^i£iiOO'* •CJHiOt-CClO'fCiCOQNNfO-f/jrOX'fHt P t t-Mt-OOOOHt-fOHCKNCO^HOfO^OLOi OS CO CO lO i-j o iO iO lO i •QOOOHHCOlDCOCC'OOOCOOICmO in:icioc'©®©!OCiaoa"ot-t-t-t-i>t-L-L- COt-OOOlOHC^CO'fia^t-OOClOfM'fCDCCCM-fCOCC'OOOO 172 Atlanta, Ga., STUART W. CRAMER, Charlotte, N. C. Whitin Twisters, Continued. CO u O £ *T3 o +■> § (8 1 3 b/> o JI3 o OJ v " s? a ^ ^ ^ >S ^ ^ r: ;~ O riHwOt-Cit-ifin^Wt-COHfOb-Mt-fOOiOHHiOO OaiCSOSCSOlCSOiCSClCOCOaOt •I>CDCD^!0©10 10 o o o o — O O c c *. -. c; ^ O) CO CO c - 1- t- t- b- t- cc ' X » o x r~ :* x :i h '^ -t :■-. r. -r t. t. x a tixt-n i- 35 re- x -^ o xc-f i c c c c c o- o o x x x x x t- t- t- t- ~ :o :- :~ m -m ~i ~i ' MHHHCC^SC. 35 OT X X CO 00 t- I x-*3^t-c.NC-tcx r. -.3 *t o rj-MOH^oojcct-Mt l- -f -t -t -f -t -t -t :* ^ :: ^: :i m ri h h h - o 3 c r. r. ~ c. x l- i --D ^ CC W »C iO iO iC -t -t -t -t ^ :c ^ M M H h h h 3 3 O Q O CO £>** 00000—0=00000000000000000000 O O iTi O O O iC O O iC iO- iC O O O O O O i£> o o o o o o o o o o :: ut x o m ro ic -.3 l- x x o. o o O' o ■ i-h m -f oioioicifiooo Tf tji -f -t io ic mia to m l". it. c u; -_; — . -.3 -.3 » ;e to so «5 — so t- fc- 1- C0t-«05OHNM'tlfl!3b-00a>ON'f!0«C!Nf COOC'OOOO iC^CNCNCNCNCCiCOCOCOCO'^lOOt' 173 Atlanta, Ga., STUART W. CRAMER, Charlotte, N. C. Whitin Twisters, Continued* Oh 3 8 3 O PL, +-> CO a a 3 Ofl a o 00 (2 >S co .5 NlOb-NrtoOHfO^^HCOt flOOJ^OlOffiO) OOC5Cna)O^C5Ci050000000000000000t ■ t- t- t- t- t- t HOOOOOOOOfl)0)fflO0i3i00»00000000t-t Ph on >inCOCD0100uS^01Q001CO©©lC100COl010! W1ilOOC00100h;OJ^;HOOW(fiCDOC>Oin«MCD00110 00 (NNHHHHrlHOOOOOOCCiOOlffiQOOCOOSXOOt-t-t' NHoicoid-twdoot-id^cOHoViiinHcit-iocOHCi'^oo COMNNWWCTNHHH^HTHOOOOOtr-OOiOlOJOOMOOt- COC3©t-C3aOt-CSC£!C5t--t-©!MOO' , *maOTj<*-li-HC<]COOC5b-'*'** 00t>^O^^^«P3WIN«N(NNHHHHHHHHddddd Pi 00 W't-fff-t , 'f«^COnCO(N«^«^HHHH00000101CO O^^lOlOlOlOIO^'f'f-f-fWCOCO^MC-^KNHHHHOOO) « Oh & ^3 oooooooooooooooooooooooooooo OlOiOOOlOOOOOOOOlCO'lOOOOOiOOiOOOlOlOO 1 ■ t-OHCO'#COt-OOfflOH(NlM«*fai>*ClC:OOHH^t-OJ o a « « 33 H C0t-XQO'HN«*»0fflt-«)OO(M'ft000OM , fOC0OOOO rtrtHHHHHHHHOINWWtNCOCOCQfOW^lClOL- 174 Atlanta, Ga., STUART W. CRAMER, Charlotte, N. G Whitin Twisters, Continued. P-. 3 O (2 n O PL, G H a £ a a o >3 op QJ 5 U 3 e-5 111 H ^ ■COOfOOOOrHlflHOOiOilOWH'fCDOlMIXMOOC.^ OS 00 CC 00 OQ 00 CO c •t>ooinwcoco^ioioowio iOHObjrijQqoqcooqNSTjjHrjNt^tci^aijqH^i^oqoiN COr^<©^C^C3©cil^COlOCO<^iiH©t^idcOi^©aicO«D O0iCiOC7i050SC0C0C000C0000000t-t-t-L--t-CDC0 ( ^^ ( X)iOlOlO H-fHHHfflO^COiOM^ODWOt-OTtfNWWlOt-H-tOOCDOO OOOOOOOJQQQOiOJQCOCOQOCOQOt-t-t-lr-t-t-CCtDCOO (HHH^HCOOOOOOlOiQOJQCOOOOOOOCOt-t-t b-rfMOHOOON-fCDW^l -<;' X 31 X MHOJOlffiHCONOOOO cocococoCOt*L- ©COrHNf-jCCCOCOiqCOt^lOlO co©^c^cio6©*-tii-HOt^in"co... •t -t -r -f cc co ^ :■: r: :•: : i -i n m -m h h h c c o o ^ ci o: x x x» oooooooooooooooooooooooooooo o©m©©oomo©m©w©io© c i." ~: '.: >r; ~ r ~ ~ o o in _ : © t-i co -r< m « i- x ~ © cchhn: CMCOCOCOCOCCiO0CCCOCOCO-*-^tP'^'*" ! *f o LO CD - J - J - r. ^1 -f Ot-OOC.CiHWCO-t'LO^b-COQOW-^^yjO.M-tOOOOOOO HHilHHHHiHHHCNNMCNNWWCOCOCO^lCCOt' 175 Atlanta, Ga„ STUART W. CRAMER, Charlotte, N. C Whitin Twisters, Continued. 3 o O +-> m a o PL, 1 3 bo O S 2 e & ^ JR T^C^OlOClOOCcOcoc£»CDiOiOiOiOiO. OCiCiCOCOOOOOOOOOOOOOCOCOQOt-t-t--t-t-t-t-CD^)O l X>CDlOlO OW'fO«i-ICO-finOQt*COH^H'f»OQCDlO'*OOOrHOOQ: OOQClQCiOiCC^QQClOOOOOOXXOOCOt-b-t't'l-OCDCDCO )OOOOOOOOOOJ05GiQQC5QCOCOCOCOCOt*t*L-00 )CO*#COOi-*OCOHO-ftOCOT 000 !M:b]^ClHHHHHHHHHOOOOOCO)QO)OOOOCOL-( • :o :o f" :~ ~ i ? i " i : i ~"i MNCiHHHHOOooofflOffioooo T3 »-. p-j oooooooooooooooooooooooooooo n in n io ifl lfi O li*- C ■* i* ~ i~ O 1.1 ifl O O C iO O O L'S lO W W id 1Q OOOOH'.i ■■. » '■-.: — ' L- hODOOHH M M C^^CXJCNICNCOCOCOCOCOCOCOCOCOCOCO^^^^^^^^^^^-^ • COOJOrHMn-tlOOt.COCiONrtlOOOOM^(DOOOOOO HHHHHHHHHH(N01ININ«CIJ»tOCi5tO-JIOOI> 176 Atlanta, Ga., STUART W. CRAMER, Charlotte, N. C. Whitin Twisters, Continued. Twist Tables for Twisting Yarns. Two Ply. o -a b >< §1 6 in H 1 .5 .7071 2 1. 1. 3 1.5 1.2247 4 2 1.4142 5 2.5 1.5811 6 3. 1.7321 7 3.5 1.8708 8 4. 2. 9 4.5 2.1213 10 5. 2.2361 11 5.5 2.3452 12 6. 2.4495 13 6.5 2.5495 14 7. 2.6458 15 7.5 2.7386 16 8. 2.8284 17 8.5 2.9155 IS 9. 3. 1!) 9.5 3.0822 20 10. 3.1623 21 10.5 3.2404 22 11. 3.3166 23 11.5 3.3912 24 12. 3.4641 25 12.5 3.5355 26 13. 3.6056 27 13.5 3.6742 28 14. 3.7417 29 14.5 3.8079 30 15. 3.8730 31 15.5 3.9370 32 16. 4. 33 16.5 4.0620 34 17. 4.1231 35 17.5 4.1833 36 18. 4.2426 37 18.5 4.3012 38 19. 4.3589 39 19.5 4.4159 40 20. 4.4721 41 20.5 4.5277 42 21. 4.5826 43 21.5 4.6368 44 22. 4.6904 45 22.5 4.7434 46 23. 4.7958 47 23.5 4.8477 48 24. 4.8990 49 24.5 4.9497 50 25. 5. Square root multiplied by 4 5 2.83 3.54 4. 5. 4.90 6.12 5.66 7.07 6.32 7.91 6.93 8.66 7.48 9.35 ». 10. 8.49 10.61 8.94 11.18 9.38 11.73 9.80 12.25 10.20 12.75 10.58 13.23 10.95 13.69 11.31 14.14 11.66 14.58 12. 15. 12.33 15.41 12.65 15.81 12.96 16.20 13.27 16.58 13.56 16.96 13.86 17.32 14.14 17.68 14.42 18.03 14.70 18.37 14.97 18.71 15.23 19.04 15.49 19.37 15.75 19.69 10. 20. 16.25 20.31 16.49 20.62 16.73 20.92 16.97 21.21 17.20 21.51 17.44 21.79 17.66 22.08 17.89 22.36 18.11 22.64 18.33 22.91 18.55 23.18 18.76 23.45 18.97 23.72 19.18 23.98 19.39 24.24 19.60 24.49 19.80 24.75 20. 25. 4.24 6. 7.35 8.49 9.49 10.39 11.22 12. 12.73 13.42 14.07 14.70 15.30 15.87 16.43 16.97 17.49 18. 18.49 18.97 19.44 19.90 20.35 20.78 21.21 21.63 22.05 22.45 22.85 23.24 23.62 24. 24.37 24.74 25.10 25.46 25.81 26.15 26.50 26.83 27.17 27.50 27.82 28.14 28.46 28.77 29.09 29.39 29.70 30. TS rj CO 03 £ £ k rt *; £ ri •g > H!5 « 13 O «J O S ojz 6 ri.£ z £ w ^ 51 25.5 5.0498 52 26. 5.0990 53 26.5 5.1478 54 27. 5.1962 55 27.5 5.2440 56 28. 5.2915 57 28.5 5.3385 58 29. 5.3852 59 29.5 5.4314 60 30. 5.4772 61 30.5 5.5227 62 31. 5.5678 63 31 .5 5.6125 64 32. 5.6569 65 32.5 5.7009 66 33. 5.7446 67 33.5 5.7879 68 34. 5.8310 69 34.5 5.8737 70 35. 5.9161 71 35.5 5.9582 72 36. 6. 73 36.5 6.0415 74 37. 6.0828 75 37.5 6.1237 76 38. 6.1644 77 38.5 6.2049 78 39. 6.2450 79 39.5 6.2849 80 40. 6.3246 81 40.5 6.3640 82 41. 6.4031 83 41.5 6.4420 84 42. 6.4807 85 42.5 6.5192 86 43. 6.5574 87 43.5 6.5955 88 44. 6.6332 89 44.5 6.6708 90 45. 6.7082 91 45.5 6.7454 92 46. 6.7823 93 46.5 6.8191 94 47. 6.8557 95 47.5 6.8920 96 48. 6.9282 97 48.5 6.9642 98 49. 7. 99 49.5 7.0356 100 50. 7.0711 Square root multiplied by 20.20 20.40 20.59 20.78 20.98 21.17 21.35 21.54 21.73 21.91 22.09 22.27 22.45 22.63 22.80 22.98 23.15 23.32 23.49 23.66 23.83 24. 24.17 24.33 24.49 25.25 25.50 25.74 25.98 26.22 26.46 26.69 26.93 27.16 27.39 27.61 27.84 28.06 28.28 28.50 28.72 28.94 29.15 29.37 29.58 29.79 30. 30.21 30.41 30.62 30.82 31.02 31.22 31.42 31.62 31.82 32.02 32.21 32.40 32.6(1 32.79 32.98 33.17 33.35 33.54 33.73 33.91 34.10 34.28 34.46 34.64 34.82 35. 35.18 35.36 30.30 30.59 30.89 31.18 31.46 31.75 32.03 32.31 32.59 32.86 33.14 33.41 33.67 33.94 34.21 34.47 34.73 34.99 35.24 35.50 35.75 36. 36.25 36.50 36.74 36.99 37.23 37.47 37.71 37.95 38.18 38.42 38.65 38.88 39.12 39.34 39.57 39.80 40.02 40.25 40.47 40.69 40.91 41.13 41.35 41.57 41.79 42. 42.21 42.43 177 Atlanta, Ga„ STUART W. CRAMER, Charlotte, N. C. Whitin Twisters, Continued. Twist Tables for Twisting Yarns. Three Ply. o c u T3 4 « Square root o CT3 •a ii Square root h o "2 multiplied by o V O m multiplied by "oH -o> 8 2 oH O 1 " 1" 6 *2 4 5 6 &* 6 *2 4 5 1 .33 .5774 2.31 2.89 3.46 51 17. 4.1231 16.49 20.62 24.74 2 .67 .8165 3.27 4.08 4.90 52 17.33 4.1633 16.65 20.82 24.98 3 1. 1. 4. 5. 6. 53 17.67 4.2032 16.81 21.02 25.22 4 1.33 1.1547 4.62 5.77 6.93 54 18. 4.2426 16.97 21.21 25.46 5 1.67 1.2910 5.16 6.45 7.75 55 18.33 4.2817 17.13 21.41 25.69 6 2. 1.4142 5.66 7.07 8.49 56 18.67 4.3205 17.28 21.60 25.92 7 2.33 1.5275 6.11 7.64 9.17 57 19. 4.3589 17.44 21.79 26.15 8 2.67 1.6330 6.53 8.16 9.80 58 19.33 4.3970 17.59 21.98 26.38 9 3. 1.7321 6.93 8.66 10.39 59 19.67 4.4347 17.74 22.17 26.61 10 3.33 1.8257 7.30 9.13 10.95 60 20. 4.4721 17.89 22.36 26.83 11 3.67 1.914 J 7.66 9.57 11.49 61 20.33 4.5092 18.04 22.55 27.06 12 4. 2. 8. 10. 12. 62 20.67 4.5461 18.18 22.73 27.28 13 4.33 2.0817 8.33 10.41 12.49 63 21. 4.5826 18.33 22.91 27.50 14 4.67 2.1602 8. 64 10.80 12.96 64 21.33 4.6188 18.48 23.09 27.71 15 5. 2.2361 8.94 11.18 13.42 65 21.67 4.6547 18.62 23.27 27.93 16 5.33 2.3094 9.24 11.55 13.86 66 22. 4.6904 18.76 23.45 28.14 17 5.67 2.3805 9.52 11.90 14.28 67 22.33 4.7258 18.90 23.63 28.35 18 6. 2.4495 9.80 12.25 14.70 68 22.67 4.7610 19.04 23.80 28.57 19 6.33 2.5166 10.07 12.58 15.10 69 23. 4.7958 19.18 23.98 28.77 20 6.67 2.5820 10.33 12.91 15.49 70 23.33 4.8305 19.32 24.15 28.98 21 7. 2.6458 10.58 13.23 15.87 71 23.67 4.8648 19.46 24.32 29.19 22 7.33 2.7080 10.83 13.54 16.25 72 24. 4.8990 19.60 24.49 29.39 23 7.67 2.7689 11.08 13.84 16.61 73 24.33 4.9329 19.73 24.66 29.60 24 8. 2.8284 11.31 14.14 16.97 74 24.67 4.9666 19.87 24.83 29.80 25 8.33 2.8868 11.55 14.43 17.32 75 25. 5. 20. 25. 30. 26 8.67 2.9439 11.76 14.72 17.66 76 25.33 5.0332 25.17 30.20 27 9. 3. 12. 15. 18. 77 25.67 5.0662 25.33 30.40 28 9.33 3.0551 12.22 15.28 18.33 78 26. 5.0990 25.50 30.59 29 9.67 3.1091 12.44 15.55 18.C5 79 26.33 5.1316 25.66 30.79 30 10. 3.1623 12.65 15.81 18.97 80 26.07 5.1640 25.82 30.98 31 10.33 3.2145 12.86 16.07 19.29 81 27. 5.1962 25.98 31.18 32 10.67 3.2659 13.06 16.33 19.C0 82 27.33 5.2281 26.14 31.37 33 11. 3.3166 13.27 16.58 19.90 83 27.67 5.2599 26.30 31.56 34 11.33 3.3665 13.47 16.83 20.20 84 28. 5.2915 26.46 31.75 35 11.67 3.4157 13.66 17.08 20.49 85 28.33 5.3229 26.61 31.94 36 12. 3.4641 13.86 17.32 20.78 86 28.67 5.3541 26.77 32.12 37 12.33 3.5119 14.05 17.56 21.07 87 29. 5.3852 26.93 32.31 38 12.67 3.5590 14.24 17.80 21.35 88 29.33 5.4160 27.08 32.50 39 13. 3.6056 14.42 18.03 21.63 89 29.67 5.4467 27.23 32.68 40 13.33 3.6515 14.61 18.26 21.91 90 30. 5.4772 27.39 32.86 41 13.67 3.6969 14.79 18.48 22.18 91 30.33 5.5076 27.54 33.05 42 14. 3.7417 14.97 18.71 22.45 92 30.67 5.5377 27.69 33.23 43 14.33 3.7859 15.14 18.93 22.72 93 31. 5.5678 27.84 33.41 44 14.67 3.8297 15.32 19.15 22.98 94 31.33 5.5976 27.99 33.59 45 15. 3.8730 15.49 19.36 23.24 95 31.07 5.6273 28.14 33.76 46 15.33 3.9158 15.66 19.58 23.49 96 32. 5.6569 28.28 33.94 47 15.67 3.9582 15.83 19.79 23.75 97 32.33 5.6862 28.43 34.12 48 16. 4. 16. 20. 24. 98 32.07 5.7155 28.58 34.29 49 16.33 4.0415 16.17 20.21 24.25 99 33. 5.7446 28.72 34.47 50 16.67 4.0825 16.33 20.41 24.49 100 33.33 5.7735 28.87 34.C4 178 Atlanta, Ga., STUART W. CRAMER, Charlotte, N. G Whitin Twisters, Continued* Twist Tables for Twisting Yarns. Four Ply. o -a 0) ■s > a "^ Square root o CO £ i Square root <3 s multiplied by O «J O Vl U "H multiplied by "SH *3>h o 2 oH "3> I- 8 4 5 6 &* 6 j* 4 5 6 1 .25 .5 2. 2.5 3. 51 12.75 3.5707 14.28 17.85 21.42 2 .50 .7071 2!83 3.54 4.24 52 13. 3.6056 14.42 18.03 21.63 3 .75 .8660 3.46 4.33 5.20 53 13.25 3.6401 14.56 18.20 21.84 4 1. 1. 4. 5. 6. 54 13.50 3.6742 14.70 18.37 22.05 5 1.25 1.1180 4.47 5.59 6.71 55 13.75 3.7081 14.83 18.54 22.25 6 1.50 1.2247 4.90 6.12 7.35 56 14. 3.7417 14.97 18.71 22.45 7 1.75 1.3229 5.29 6.61 7.94 57 14.25 3.7749 15.10 18.87 22.65 8 2. 1.4142 5.66 7.07 8.49 58 14.50 3.8079 15.23 19.04 22.85 9 2.25 1.5 6. 7.5 9. 59 14.75 3.8406 15.36 19.20 23.04 10 2.50 1.5811 6.32 7.91 9.49 60 15. 3.8730 15.49 19.37 23.24 *^ 2.75 1.6583 6.63 8.29 9.95 61 15.25 3.9051 15.62 19.53 23.43 12 3. 1.7321 6.93 8.66 10.39 62 15.50 3.9370 15.75 19.69 23.62 13 3.25 1.8028 7.21 9.01 10.82 63 15.75 3.9686 15.88 19.84 23.81 14 3.50 1.8708 7.48 9.35 11.22 64 16. 4. 16. 20. 24. 15 3.75 1.9365 7.75 9.68 11.62 65 16.25 4.0311 16.12 20.16 24.19 16 4. 2. 8. 10. 12. 66 16.50 4.0620 16.25 20.31 24.37 17 4.25 2.0616 8.25 10.31 12.37 67 16.75 4.0927 16.37 20.46 24.56 18 4.50 2.1213 8.49 10.61 12.73 68 17. 4.1231 16.49 20.62 24.74 19 4.75 2.1794 8.72 10.90 13.08 69 17.25 4.1533 16.61 20.77 24.92 20 5. 2.2361 8.94 11.18 13.42 70 17.50 4.1833 16.73 20.92 25.10 21 5.25 2.2913 9.17 11.46 13.75 71 17.75 4.2130 16.85 21.07 25.28 22 5.50 2.3452 9.38 11.73 14.07 72 18. 4.2426 16.97 21.21 25.46 23 5.75 2.3979 9.59 11.99 14.39 73 1S.25 4.2720 17.09 21.36 25.63 24 6. 2.4495 9.80 12.25 14.70 74 18.50 4.3012 17.20 21.51 25.81 25 6.25 2.5 10. 12.5 15. 75 18.75 4.3301 17.32 21.65 25.98 26 6.50 2.5495 10.20 12.75 15.30 76 19. 4.3589 21.79 26.15 27 6.75 2.5981 10.39 12.99 15.59 77 19.25 4.3875 21.94 26.32 28 7. 2.6458 10.58 13.23 15.87 78 19.50 4.4159 22.08 26.50 29 7.25 2.6926 10.77 13.46 16.16 79 19.75 4.4441 22.22 26.66 30 7.50 2.7386 10.95 13.69 16.43 80 20. 4.4721 22.36 26.83 31 7.75 2.7839 11.14 13.92 16.70 81 20.25 4.5 22.5 27. 32 8. 2.8284 11.31 14.14 16.97 82 20.50 4.5277 22.64 27.17 33 8.25 2.8723 11.49 14.36 17.23 83 20.75 4.5552 22.78 27.33 34 8.50 2.9155 11.66 14.58 17.49 84 21. 4.5826 22.91 27.50 35 8.75 2.9580 11.83 14.79 17.75 85 21.25 4.6098 23.95 27.66 36 9. 3. 12. 15. 18. 86 21.50 4.6368 23.18 27.82 37 9.25 3.0414 12.17 15.21 18.25 87 21.75 4.6637 23.32 27.98 38 9.50 3.0822 12.33 15.41 18.49 88 22. 4.6904 23.45 28.14 39 9.75 3.1225 12.49 15.61 18.73 89 22.25 4.7170 23.58 28.30 40 10. 3.1623 12.65 15.81 18.97 90 22.50 4.7434 23.72 28.46 41 10.25 3.2016 12.81 16.01 19.21 91 22.75 4.7697 23.85 28.62 42 10.50 3.2404 12.96 16.20 19.44 92 23. 4.7958 23.98 28.77 43 10.75 3.2787 13.11 16.39 19.67 93 23.25 4.8218 24.11 28.93 44 11. 3.3166 13.27 16.58 19.90 94 23.50 4.8477 24.24 29.09 45 11.25 3.3541 13.42 16.77 20.12 95 23.75 4.8734 24.37 29.24 46 11.50 3.3912 13.56 16.96 20.35 96 24. 4.8990 24.49 29.39 47 11.75 3.4278 13.71 17.14 20.57 97 24.25 4.9244 24.62 29.55 48 12. 3.4641 13.86 17.32 20.78 98 24.50 4.9497 24.75 29.70 49 12.25 3.5 1 14. 17.5 21. 99 24.75 4.9749 24.87 29.85 50 12.50 3.5355 14.14 17.68 21.21 100 25. 5. 25. 30. 179 Atlanta, Ga., STUART W. CRAMER, Charlotte, N. C. Whitin Twisters, Continued, Twist Tables for Twisting Yarns. Five Ply. o T3 &i Square root o CT3 T3 0) Square root * In ■s >• o ^ multiplied by "1 S ^ J3 multiplied by oH o £ "oH "SI" o V, I'" 8 d 25 *5 en H 4 5 6 &* 6 7\ 4 5 G 1 .2 .4472 1.79 2.24 2.68 51 10.2 3.1937 12.77 15.97 19.16 2 .4 .6325 2.53 3.16 3.79 52 10.4 3.2249 12.90 16.12 19.35 3 .6 .7746 3.10 3.87 4.65 53 10.6 3.2558 13.02 16.28 19.53 4 .8 .8944 3.58 4.47 5.37 54 10.8 3.2863 13.15 16.43 19.72 5 1. 1. 4. 5. 6. 55 11. 3.3166 13.27 16.58 19.90 6 1.2 1.0954 4.38 5.48 6.57 56 11.2 3.3466 13.39 16.73 20.08 7 1.4 1.1832 4.73 5.92 7.10 57 11.4 3.3764 13.51 16.88 20.26 8 1.6 1.2649 5.06 6.32 7.59 58 11.6 3.4059 13.62 17.03 20.44 9 1.8 1.3416 5.37 6.71 8.05 59 11.8 3.4351 13.74 17.18 20.61 10 2. 1.4142 5.66 7.07 8.49 60 12. 3.4641 13.86 17.32 20.78 11 2.2 1.4832 5.93 7.42 8.90 61 12.2 3.4928 13.97 17.46 20.96 12 2.4 1.5492 6.20 7.75 9.30 62 12.4 3.5214 14.09 17.01 21.13 13 2.6 1.6125 6.45 8.06 9.67 63 12.6 3.5496 14.20 17.75 21.30 14 2.8 1.6733 6.69 8.37 10.04 64 12.8 3.5777 14.31 17.89 21.47 15 3. 1.7321 6.93 8.66 10.39 65 13. 3.6056 14.42 18.03 21.63 16 3.2 1.7889 7.16 8.95 10.73 66 13.2 3.6332 14.53 18.17 21.80 17 3.4 1.8439 7.38 9.22 11.06 67 13.4 3.6606 14.64 18.30 21.96 18 3.6 1.8974 7.59 9.49 11.38 68 13.6 3.6878 14.75 18.44 22.13 19 3.8 1.9494 7.80 9.75 11.70 69 13.8 3.7148 14.86 18.56 22.29 20 4. 2. 8. 10. 12. 70 14. 3.7417 14.97 18.71 22.45 21 4.2 2.0494 8.20 10.25 12.30 71 14.2 3.6783 15.07 18.84 22.61 22 4.4 2.0976 8.39 10.49 12.59 72 14.4 3.7948 15.18 18.97 22.77 23 4.6 2.1448 8.58 10.72 12.87 73 14.6 3.8210 15.28 19.10 22.93 24 4.8 2.1909 8.76 10.95 13.15 74 14.8 3.8471 15.38 19.24 23.U8 25 5. 2.2361 8.94 11.18 13.42 75 15. 3.8730 15.49 19.37 23.24 26 5.2 2.2804 9.12 11.40 13.68 76 15.2 3.8987 19.49 23.39 27 5.4 2.3238 9.30 11.62 13.94 77 15.4 3.9243 19.62 23.55 28 5.6 2.3664 9.47 11.83 14.20 78 15.6 3.9497 19.75 23.70 29 5.8 2.4083 9.63 12.04 14.45 79 15.8 3.9749 19.87 23.85 30 6. 2.4495 9.80 12.25 14.70 80 16. 4. 20. 24. 31 6.2 2.4900 9.96 12.45 14.94 81 16.2 4.0249 20.12 24.15 32 6.4 2.5298 10.12 12.65 15.18 82 10.4 4.0497 20.25 24.30 33 6.6 2.5690 10.28 12.85 15.41 83 16.6 4.0743 20.37 24.45 34 6.8 2.6077 10.43 13.04 15.65 84 16.8 4.0988 20.49 24.59 35 7. 2.6458 10.58 13.23 15.S7 85 17. 4.1231 20.62 24.74 36 7.2 2.6S33 10.73 13.42 16.10 86 17.2 4.1473 20.74 24.88 37 7.4 2.7203 10.88 13.60 16.32 87 17.4 4.1713 20.86 25.03 38 7.6 2.7568 11.03 13.78 16.54 88 17.6 4.1952 20.98 25.17 39 7.8 2.7928 11.17 13.96 16.76 89 17.8 4.2190 21.10 25.31 40 8. 2.8284 11.31 14.14 16.97 90 18. 4.2426 21.21 25.46 41 8.2 2.8C36 11.45 14.32 17.18 91 18.2 4.2661 21.33 25.60 42 8.4 2.8983 11.59 14.49 17.39 92 18.4 4.2895 21.45 25.74 43 8.6 2.9326 11.73 14.C6 17.60 93 18.6 4.3128 21.56 25.88 44 8.8 2.9665 11.87 14.83 17.80 94 18.8 4.3359 21.68 26.02 45 9. 3. 12. 15. 18. 95 19. 4.3589 21.79 26.15 40 9.2 3.0332 12.13 15.17 18.20 96 19.2 4.3818 21.91 26.29 47 9.4 3.0659 12.20 15.33 18.40 97 19.4 4.4045 22.02 26.43 48 9.6 3.0934 12.39 15.49 18.59 98 19.3 4.4272 22.14 26.50 49 9.8 3.1305 12.52 15.65 18.78 99 19.8 4.4497 22.25 26.70 50 10. 3.1623 12.65 15.81 18.97 100 20. 4.4721 22.36 26.83 180 Atlanta, Ga., STUART W. CRAMER, Charlotte, N. C. Whitin Twisters, Concluded. Twist Tables for Twisting Yarns. Six Ply. o "O a) Sq uare root CO •o & i Square root * s *? k o "g multiplied by ■3 -s Is <-. "O o " *+4 r. on 0*" d IS *2 4 5 6 1" 6 IS O" fn 4 5 6 i .17 .4082 1.C3 2.04 2.45 51 8.50 2.9155 11.66 14.58 17.49 2 .33 .5774 2.31 2.89 3.46 52 8.67 2.9439 11.78 14.72 17.66 3 .50 .7071 2.83 3.54 4.24 53 8.83 2.9721 11.89 14.86 17.83 4 .67 .8165 3.27 4.08 4.90 54 9. 3. 12. 15. 18. 5 .83 .9129 3.65 4.56 5.48 55 9.17 3.0277 12.11 15.14 18.17 6 1. 1. 4. 5. 6. 56 9.33 3.0551 12.22 15.28 18.33 7 1.17 1.0801 4.32 5.40 6.48 57 9.50 3.0822 12.33 15.41 18.49 8 1.33 1.1547 4.62 5.77 6.93 58 9.67 3.1091 12.44 15.55 18.65 9 1.50 1.2247 4.90 6.12 7.35 59 9.83 3.1358 12.54 15.68 18.81 10 1.67 1.2910 5.16 6.45 7.75 60 10. 3.1623 12.65 15.81 18.97 11 1.83 1.3540 5.42 6.77 8.12 61 10.17 3.1885 12.75 15.94 19.13 12 2. 1.4142 5.66 7.07 8.49 62 10.33 3.2415 12.86 16.07 19.29 13 2.17 1.4720 5.89 7.36 8.83 63 10.50 3.2404 12.96 16.20 19.44 14 2.33 1.5275 6.11 7.64 9.17 64 10.67 3.2659 13.06 16.33 19.60 15 2.50 1.5811 6.32 7.91 9.49 65 10.83 3.2914 13.17 16.46 19.75 16 2.67 1.6330 6.53 8.16 9.80 66 11. 3.3166 13.27 16.58 19.90 17 2.83 1.6833 6.73 8.42 10.10 67 11.17 3.3417 13.37 16.71 20.05 Id 3. 1.7321 6.93 8.66 10.39 68 11.33 3.3665 13.47 16.83 20.20 19 3.17 1.7795 7.12 8.90 10.68 69 11.50 3.3912 13.56 16.96 20.35 20 3.33 1.8257 7.30 9.13 10.95 70 11.67 3.4157 13.66 17.08 20.49 21 3.50 1.8708 7.48 9.35 11.22 71 11.83 3.4400 13.76 17.20 20.64 22 3.67 1.9149 7.66 9.57 11.49 72 12. 3.4641 13.86 17.32 20.78 23 3.83 1.9579 7.83 9.79 11.75 73 12.17 3.4881 13.95 17.44 20.93 24 4. 2. 8. 10. 12. 74 12.33 3.5119 14.05 17.56 21.07 25 4.17 2.0412 8.16 10.21 12.25 75 12.50 3.5355 14.14 17.68 21.21 26 4.33 2.0817 8.33 10.41 12.49 76 12.67 3.5590 17.80 21.35 27 4.50 2.1213 8.49 10.61 12.73 77 12.83 3.5824 17.91 21.49 28 4.67 2.1602 8.64 10.80 12.96 78 13. 3.6056 18.03 21.63 29 4.83 2.1985 8.79 10.99 13.19 79 13.17 3.6286 18.14 21.77 30 5. 2.2361 8.94 11.18 13.42 80 13.33 3.6515 18.26 21.91 31 5.17 2.2730 9.09 11.37 13.64 81 13.50 3.6742 18.37 22.05 32 5.33 2.3094 9.24 11.55 13.86 82 13.67 3.6969 18.48 22.18 33 5.50 2.3452 9.38 11.73 14.07 83 13.83 3.7192 18.60 22.32 34 5.67 2.3805 9.52 11.90 14.28 84 14. 3.7417 18.71 22.45 35 5.83 2.4152 9.66 12.08 14.49 85 14.17 3.7639 18.82 22.58 36 6. 2.4495 9.80 12.25 14.70 86 14.33 3.7859 18.93 22.72 37 6.17 2.4833 9.93 12.42 14.90 87 14.50 3.8079 19.04 22.85 38 6.33 2.5166 10 07 12.58 15.10 88 14.67 3.8297 19.15 22.98 39 6.50 2.5495 10.20 12.75 15.30 89 14.83 3.8514 19.26 23.11 40 6.67 2.5820 10.53 12.91 15.49 90 15. 3.8730 19.36 23.24 41 6.83 2.6141 10.46 13.07 15.68 91 15.17 3.8944 19.47 23.37 42 7. 2.6458 10.58 13.23 15.87 92 15.33 3.9158 19.58 23.49 43 7.17 2.6771 10.71 13.39 16.06 93 15.50 3.9370 19.69 23.62 44 7.33 2.7080 10.83 13.54 16.25 94 15.67 3.9582 19.79 23.75 45 7.50 2.7386 10.95 13.69 16.43 95 15.83 3.9791 19.90 23.87 46 7.67 2.7689 11.08 13.84 16.61 96 16. 4. 20. 24. 47 7.83 2.7988 11.20 13.99 16.79 97 16.17 4.0208 20.10 24.12 48 8. 2.8284 11.31 14.14 16.97 98 16.33 4.0415 20.21 24.25 49 8.17 2.8577 11.43 14.29 17.15 99 16.50 4.0620 20.31 24.37 50 8.33 2.8868 11.55 14.43 17.32 100 16.67 4.0825 20.41 24.49 181 Atlanta, Ga., STUART W. CRAMER, Charlotte, N. G The weeks banding machine. (With Waiter's Marker) Spindle banding is a very important matter. While it will not do to have slack yarn, the method of prevention by tying tight bands is very objectionable, for the power taken in- creases enormously, and the spindles are rapidly worn out. One prominent spinner uses bands as light as 230 to the pound, put on at a tension of 2^ pounds, and claims their average life to be ten months, running spindles 9400 revolu- tions, on 29s warp yarn, 6" traverse, and 1^" rings. He ad- vises brushing the cylinder at least every ten days to keep bands free from oil and lint, with inspection at the same time to detect slack bands, which should be cut off. These bands were made from No. 8 hank roving, using 8 strands with a core of 8 threads of No. 30 yarn. The bands were not hard twisted, about three turns per inch ; they were tied with a loop knot, and were marked. The above cut shows the Weeks Band Machine, made _ by the Draper Co. It is automatic in action so far as changing from twisting to doubling is concerned, and stopping itself when the band is made. It can be set for any desired amount of twist, making either a hard or soft band. It can be fitted with a Watter's Marker to automatically make a mark on the band at a definite length for the purpose of showing the band boy where the knot should be tied. By this means an even tension can be had on all the spindles. It is usually run by a boy, and its capacity is 1500 bands per day, running at a speed of about 2000 revolutions. The pulley is 4" x 1 %" . 182 Atlanta, Ga., STUART W. CRAMER, Charlotte, N. C. AUTOMATIC BAND MACHINE. (Cole Brothers.) This is a full automatic loop banding machine. The bands are all cut off exactly the same length, and are all twisted alike, the twist being governed by cams and gears. As the bands are finished, they are taken off automatically and car- ried to hooks at the side of the machine, where they are all kept neatly straightened, so there is no difficulty in taking them off as wanted for use. All the changes are automatic, and closely follow each other. A good many mills are mak- ing mule bands on this machine, as the loop fastening makes them run smoother than the endless band, tied with a knot, which makes a jump in the spindle. The capacity of the machine is such that it will furnish all the bands required for a 50,000 spindle mill. The machine occupies a floor space 14/-0" long by 2'-o" wide. It is driven by two 1^" belts from a countershaft driven by one 2" belt ; this countershaft is fitted with tight and loose pulleys \o" x 2" ', making 570 revolutions per minute. 183 Atlanta, Ga., STUART W. CRAMER, Charlotte, N. C. NEW MODEL REEL, Manufactured by The Whitin Machine Works, The patterns for this machine have been entirely remod- eled, the Reel being much lighter than formerly, and also easier running and more convenient. The " Wheel " method of doffing is employed, and by a simple device the swifts of the Reel are closed like a fan during this process. The ma- chines are adjustable for 54 // , 60" and 72" skeins and may be fitted with either the cross or plain traverse. Spindles are usually made with a uniform friction, but may be made, how- ever, with independent and adjustable friction for varying tension, if desired. A stop-motion is furnished at option of purchaser. 184 Atlanta, Ga., STUART W. CRAMER, Charlotte, N. C. Whitin Reels, Continued. Reel Stop Motion Diagram. 185 Atlanta, Ga., STUART W. CRAMER, Charlotte, N. C. Whitin Reels, Continued* Floor Space. '/j in. 3 n. 3| in. o£in. of in. 4 in. No. of Space. Space. Space. Space. Space. Space. No. of Spindles ft. in. ft. in. ft. in. ft. in. ft. in ft. in. Spindles 30 11 63/f 12 2 30 32 11 ty 12 ->v t 12 10 32 34 11 sy< 12 VA 12 n 13 6 34 36 11 3 11 iw t 12 ay. 13 »>K 14 2 36 38 11 9 12 sy 13 ■av. 14 03/i 14 10 38 40 11 5V 12 3 13 03/f 13 10* 14 « x 4 15 6 40 42 11 103^ 12 9 13 iM 14 b% 15 33/ 4 16 2 42 44 12 w A 13 3 14 134 15 Wo lb 11 % 44 46 12 W< 13 9 14 w, 15 i% 46 48 13 •6-% 14 3 15 •2^4 16 W, 48 50 13 W< 14 9 15 w< 50 52 14 '4 15 3 16 &4 52 54 14 •13/, lb 9 54 56 15 W 16 3 56 58 15 ty< 58 60 16 o% 60 Driving Pulleys:— 12" diameter by 7." face. Speed from 125 to 150 revo- lutions per minute. Floor Space : — 28" wide and lengths as per above table. IS6 Atlanta, Ga., STUART W. CRAMER, Charlotte, N. C. Whitin Reels, Continued* I r o i t . M ? ILZZ 187 Atlanta, Ga., STUART W. CRAMER, Charlotte, N. C. Whitin Reels, Continued. Lea Stop Motion. Plain Traverse. Yds. A B D F G H 54" Reel. 60" Reel. 72" Reel. C E C E C E 120 33 63 20 42 16 21 21 133 20 114 20 95 240 3» t>3 20 21 16 42 21 i33 20 114 20 95 360 3» t>3 20 21 24 42 21 133 20 114 20 95 480 3» t>3 20 21 32 42 21 133 20 114 20 95 600 3« 63 20 21 40 42 21 133 20 114 20 95 720 38 63 20 21 48 42 21 133 20 114 20 95 S40 3* 63 20 21 5b 42 21 133 20 114 20 95 Gears F and H are interchangeable. This motion cannot be used on Cross Traverse. Lea Stop Motion. Cross Traverse. 54 " Reel. 60 " Reel. 72 " Reel. Yds. A B F G H C D E C D E C D E 120 42 91 42 16 21 26 20 126 26 21 108 39 21 135 240 42 9i 21 16 42 26 20 126 26 21 108 39 21 135 360 42 91 21 24 42 26 20 126 26 21 108 29 21 135 480 42 91 21 32 • 42 26 20 126 26 21 ic8 39 21 135 600 42 91 21 40 42 26 20 126 26 21 108 39 21 135 720 42 9i 21 48 42 26 20 126 26 21 108 39 21 135 840 42 91 21 56 42 26 20 126 26 21 j 08 39 21 135 Gears F and H are interchangeable. This motion cannot be used on Plain Traverse. Atlanta, Ga., STUART W. CRAMER, Charlotte, N. G Whitin Reels, Continued* X/l g ■8 •3 o U (J ft « 5'E HfNCO'^iOOt-cCClOH^m'tifl'Or'COClOHMM'fuO^t-OOQO hhhhhhhhhh^m^:j:)MMM(MWCO •CCoOiOOJWffiOOOOiOcOCOC^iOi 'O co oi T-i i-i r-i <-f COiONQOiOlOHMeD 0»fl'*NC'M:-?lL':Lt-tHOOI>QWCO'*'MHOH(MCOCC01 io oj oq coo '•" ~ ~ OJHOOd< CD CO CO r-i i-( i ■ r* OS b- CO lO rH -1* O CO QC CM -* i-H CM I- lO i_1 L- CM t )* MHHMCOlOOOH Ji-HOOOOC - ' * " CDO^tMHHH T}Ot-«C^«-act--ff5^(MC<:O00O'f © © co iCi co r " - •- ■- ■ - ■ - - co cs as tPt-J c 0«HilH HHO»O^Ct-XOXX I-" Oi * CM C. ~ O ~ r; CD -* CO CO CO id t- O CO CO x ~ co a; r-j c ' - - ....._... oVcOCOHC lO CM r-i rH rH t'C5C0OiM«C0OOOt-CDCqC0b-OO00N00O^C0'^OC0aWOO3 O l> 00 -f l- Ci w L- CTC CO X -t H OO O « H C". OC w O ■+ CO C-l H O O O X t- co"co^coocot^cooo^^^cococo'co^cNc4c^c>i L.O MHHH HTF©C0COCM-tf©CMt ■CMt--tic^ lO CMrH rH ^H - x x c^ co x co x tt -p iO' ~ uo r-t o cc © o ih co co o co : HCOOJO HHHHHi-tHHHnMClMMMri:i:i?i:i.-. 189 Atlanta, Ga., STUART W. CRAMER, Charlotte, N. C. Whitin Reels, Concluded. *3 3 a +j -J c w o UJ U ftS S h- 1 CO o >n WJ H c o •VI t> O rHt^COTFU3COt~COOSOi-iCNCOTtOOOiacO'*HOOO'fCDCO(MCOOOlO^QXt-t-CC dddddcoHOc QO^WNHHHH HHt-COO'tfOW^OOWfOO'ttNWClDWlOt-OiOHCOtOiOiOCDI t'CONHHHH CDCO^TtCD(N05rfiO«iaC0^ai0itDt-aiHfCN W(NHrHi-l HCNCCTflOCOt-.OOOOi-INCO'finCOb-OOOJC'HINCO 3S 190 Atlanta, Ga., STUART W. CRAMER, Charlotte, N. C. UNIVERSAL WINDERS. (To wind either cones or parallel tubes.) This is a Spindle Winder, and the machines are built in gangs of six spindles each. Heretofore cotton yarn intended for use in the knit goods industry has been wound in conical form for shipment by a process termed drum winding, so called by reason of the yarn being drawn on to the surface of the paper cone through frictional contact with the face of a revolving, conical drum. A careful investigation of the knit goods industry discloses the fact that it has been the custom of the knitters to rewind a large part of the yarn received by them on cones. In shipping yarn on mule cops there is a large amount of waste, owing to the tender condition of the cops, which in transportation are subjected to such crushing and straining as to displace the yarn and prevent its running off evenly and uniformly. Notwithstanding this, .there is an enormous amount of yarn shipped to the knitting mills on mule cops, to be wound on bobbins, the knitters preferring to lose a large amount of waste rather than to have the yarn rewound the second time after the arbitrary and radical treatment which the yarn has heretofore received in the process of winding. 191 Atlanta, Ga., STUART W. CRAMER, Charlotte, N. C. Universal Winders, Continued. The following points are claimed for the Universal system of winding : i. The yarn is laid from start to finish in a regular succes- sion of coils and layers, the same number of coils in each layer. 2. The coils of yarn being laid side by side in close contact, form a smooth, hard basis on which the successive coils are laid evenly, without crushing or displacing the twist. 3. Every coil is reversed at each end of the cone, passing back at a uniform angle, and placed in position, crossing every other previously-laid coil, and binding it into place. The guide delivering the varn close to the surface of the cone prevents any coils from passing beyond the point of reversal, and slipping across the end of cone to produce " cobwebs. " 4. In winding by the Universal process, the spindle is ro- tated at uniform speed and the yarn guide resting lightly against the surface of the yarn, lays it in uniform coils, thus preventing any slipping of the coils, and protecting the yarn against abrasion and straining. 5. The number of coils in each layer about the cone being absolute^' uniform, the same thickness of yarn is built up at each end, resulting in a perfectly formed cone of uniform taper from start to finish. 6. The cone of yarn being built upon a uniform taper from start to finish, the delivery of yarn to the knitting machine is absolutely uniform from start to finish. 192 Atlanta, Ga., STUART W. CRAMER, Charlotte, N. C. Universal Winders, Continued* 7. The tension on the yarn in winding is applied by passing the yarn between a number of polished steel blades, the pres- sure of which is graduated to produce uniform stress upon the yarn. 8. The tension blades throw off from the yarn dirt, specks, and slubs, thereby improving the quality of the yarn. • 9. The spindle is driven positively at high speed, and the centrifugal force throws from the surface of the cone any dust, dirt, or lint which might have the tendency to accumu- late there. 10. The spindle being positively driven and the guide con- trolled in positive relation to the surface of the cone, com- pels the absolutely uniform winding, and is adjustable to produce cones of exact dimensions. 11. Owing to the compactness of winding and the uniform- ity of tension there is a gain of from one-third to one-half in the packing space of the cones, which being of uniform di- mensions pack closer and with greater safety for shipment. 12. The yarn being wound in perfectly cylindrical form under uniform tension, with the same number of coils in each layer, with no yarns overrunning the ends of the cone, and built into cones having a uniform taper from start to finish, delivers to knitting machines under the most favor- able conditions, insuring uniformity in the fabric, and no loss or waste from start to finish. 193 Atlanta, Ga., STUART W. CRA.MER, Charlotte, N. C Universal Winders, Continued. Many types of Universal Winders are manufactured to suit the demands of different trades. The No. 5 Machine answers all the purposes of the average cotton mill, whether in winding the tenderest soft, yarn on cones for the knitters, or hard twisted warp yarn on tubes. The only other machine that might interest a cotton man- ufacturer is possibly the No. 7 Machine, for the use of man- ufacturers of large cords and twines. The maximum capacity is a cone or tube 16" x 16". It is made with only one spindle to each machine, which occupies a floor space of 4'~3" x s'-o". Its production on large cords is from 1,000 to 1,500 pounds per day. Machine No. 5. This is the machine ordinarily used by the cotton mill trade. It is adapted to winding twine, cord, thread, or yarn, in packages of from 4" x 4" to 6" x 6" ; and also in conical form with 6" traverse. It is built in gangs of six spindles each to the frame, which occupies a floor space of 7'-5" x 2'-o". The spindle speed is from 1000 to 1800 turns per minute. Length of traverse, 6", 5^", 5", 4%", and \" '. The gangs are usually grouped three in a line, making a total of 18 spindles, which supplies a proper number for an average operator to handle on single 20s yarn. The machines are driven from shafting l\Y' diameter, pro- vided with tight and loose single flange pulleys, 10" in diam- eter and with if£" face ; belting \Y%" wide should be used. It is advised that these pulleys be bought with the machines to insure the most satisfactory results. As this is the standard type of this machine ordinarily used in cotton mills, it is the only one for which we show cuts of floor plans, etc. These cuts, it will be noticed, illustrate the machine both driven from above and driven from below ; and also two methods of driving, with quarter turn belt and with open and crossed belt, depending upon whether the winders are placed lengthwise with the mill or across it. 194 Atlanta, Ga., STUART W CRAMER, Charlotte, N. C. Universal Winders, Continued. 3=Way Tension Attachment. — This device is designed for winding three ends of yarn on one package at the same time. It may be attached to any of the No. 5 Machines. It is principally used for winding braider cops, but may be ap- plied to other lines, such as twister work. When used for Braider Cops, the production of the braider is greatly increased, for with two to three times as much yarn in the same space, there are fewer cops for doffing. The three ends are wound under exactly the same conditions and laid perfectly parallel to each other, insuring a perfect deliv- ery to the braider or twister. This system of winding on cheap paper tubes does away with the expensive wooden braider bobbins. An improved braider carrier is made especially for this style of cop, which, by its construction, will allow of an increase of speed of 20$ to 40$. No. 13 Multiple Machine. — This is simply a modification of the No. 5 Machine, so arranged that each spindle draws from six ends or less ; the construction of the machine in- sures the yarn's being wound in a perfectly flat band from start to Qnish. !95 Atlanta, Ga., STUART W. CRAMER, Charlotte, N. G Universal Winders, Continued* Production Table* (in lbs. per day of JO hours.) Number of Pounds Number of Pounds Yarns. per Spindle. Yarns. per bpindle. 6 3°-° 3i 64 7 25-7 32 6.2 8 22.5 33 6.0 9 20.0 34 5-8 TO 19.0 35 5-7 II l8.I 36 5-5 12 16.6 37 5-4 13 15-3 38 5-2 14 14 2 39 5-1 '5 13-3 40 5-o 16 12.5 4i 4.8 17 11.7 42 4-7 18 11. 1 43 4.6 19 10.5 44 4-5 20 10.0 45 44 21 9-5 46 4-3 22 9 47 4.2 23 8.7 48 4.1 24 8-3 49 4.0 25 8.0 50 3-9 26 7-7 60 3-3 27 7-4 70 2.8 28 7-i 80 2-5 29 6.9 90 2.2 30 6.6 100 2.0 The above table is for single yarns ; for 2-ply yarns, the production will be about twice that given in the tables, less I2)i% additional for stoppages ; for 3-ply yarns, multiply the production by three, and allow 10% additional for stoppages, etc. I96 Atlanta, Ga., STUART W. CRAMER, Charlotte, N. C. Universal Winders, Continued. |i-e?-M-J->l<-E8-+-. ca CO c a C O 0) 0\ V \ "O of rOfOco £fc "rococo •sai puidg jo 0\ Ou u u 3 p a c *— I o o a. 00 s« ■ •a >,«« J3 o^§ o o io iO N IO00 w . 5? tl be— ~ £° U.QJ3 u.5 •a •C A. j3 V e "o ° 1 a 2T4 Atlanta, Ga., STUART W. CRAMER, Charlotte, N. C. Entwistle Warpers, Continued. Production Table for Warpers. (Given in pounds per day of JO hours per J00 ends.) 33K$ allowance for stoppages. Z" • Side shaft tappet ball shuttle motion. Brake on driving pulleys. Beam heads \i" ', 13", 14", 15", 16", 16%" and 18^" diameter. Cut roll stands arranged for cuts 8", 12", 16", 19" and 22" diameter. Improved Bartlett geared let-off motion or fric- tion let-off. Shuttle boxes 18" to 24" long. Friction driv- ing pulleys furnished if desired. Belt from above or below. Made to weave plain two-shade work ; also, 3, 4, 5 and 6 shade twill. The change pick motion is arranged so that one tooth in the gear stands for two picks in the cloth, i. e., 50 teeth in the gear give 100 picks in the cloth, etc. The gears range from 20 to 54 teeth, varying each one tooth. The pick mo- tion may be arranged to give any required number of picks to the inch, but where more than 108 or less than 40 picks are wanted, the ratio between the change pick gear and the number of picks in the cloth, will not be constant as above. The tape selvage motion may be conveniently applied. The high cloth-roll may be had if desired. Pulleys. — io // to 15" diameter, 2" face, and run from 140 to 210 revolutions per minute. Note : — See Tables of Production and Floor Space. Also Horse Power and Car Load Lots. 232 Atlanta, Ga., STUART W. CRAMER, Charlotte, N. C. Whitin Looms, Continued, New Heavy Pattern Loom* (With Outside Cams.) It will be seen from the foregoing cut that the general con- struction of this loom is the same as that of our regular heavy pattern with Ponemah Side. The chief departure consists in placing the harness cams and treadles on the out- side of the loom ; the great advantage resulting therefrom being in the handiness and convenience of making changes where they are frequently required. The loom is built to weave plain 2 shade work, and also 3, 4, 5 and 6 shade twill. When used for 3 or 4 shade twill work, there is still room outside of the loom for a plain selvage motion. The outside cams are so arranged that they come inside the end of the lathe, so that looms built in this way do not require extra floor space on this account. 233 Atlanta, Ga., STUART W. CRAMER, Charlotte, N. C. Whitin Looms, Continued. Sateen Loom. (For "Weaving Sateens, Sheetings, Twills, Etc.) This loom is built with either the Standard or Ponemah sides ; the latter having 3 // more harness space permits the use of dobbies with a large number of harnesses. The sides and girts are extra heavy, thereby reducing vibrations to a minimum. The crank shaft is of large diameter and runs in boxes with caps which permits the removal of the shaft with little difficulty. The lathe is built in a substantial manner and is provided with an extra heavy reed cap, iron race plate, and shuttle boxes with iron or wooden backs and adjustable front swells. The warp beams are from 12" to 17" diameter, and are held in position by an improved retaining device. 234 Atlanta, Ga., STUART W. CRAMER, Charlotte, N. C. Whitin Looms, Continued. The let-off motion may be either the Bartlett or friction let-off or a combination of both. The harness motion is the same as that of the new heavy pattern loom. An improved top-rigged harness lifting de- vice and also a scroll selvage motion may be conveniently applied if desired. The take-up motion consists of a side shaft and worm, driving a worm ratchet gear ; by the use of this motion the chance of skipping a tooth in the ratchet, as is sometimes the case with the ordinary ratchet gear, is entirely obviated. The pick gearing may be arranged to give any required num- ber of picks per inch from 36 to 247 picks. The cloth-roll motion consists of a sand-roll, 4^ /V diam- eter, placed a short distance below the breast beam, and a cloth roll, held in movable bearings, pressed against the sand-roll by spiral springs which exert a constantly increas- ing pressure as the cloth roll increases in diameter. By the use of this motion access to the inside workings of the loom is easily had, and besides, wrinkling of the cloth as it is being wound is prevented to a great extent. A roll of cloth i3 /r in diameter may be wound on this arrangement. The removal of the roll of cloth is easily accomplished, and may be done while the loom is in operation, by means of a worm, a few turns of which depresses the cloth roll holders so that the pressure is removed and the roll of cloth may be taken out and a new one started. Other details same as the new heavy pattern loom. 235 -Atlanta, Ga., STUART W. CRAMER, Charlotte, N. C. Whitin Looms, Continued. The Wide Loom. (Designed for Wide Sheetings, Etc.) These looms are intended to take the place of the old Lyall loom for weaving goods from 71" to 13c/'' wide. They are built with a heavy side and are further strengthened with a middle tie. This loom has 4" more harness space than the old pattern loom, and much heavier sides. The crank shaft is provided with three cranks, radius of which is t ) // . A scroll pick motion with tappets is used, and has been made extra strong and effective. Looms are built with or without brake on driving pulleys. Beam heads I2 // , 13", i/\. // , 15", 16", and \d l /z" in diameter. The wide looms are equipped with two beams, and to insure even tension of the yarn as it comes off both beams, are usually built with a compound let-off motion. Shuttle boxes 10" , 22", or 24/' long. Arranged to belt from above or below and for plain two-shade work, or for 3, 4 or 5 shade twill work. When used for twills, the loom is built with an auxiliary shaft. The change pick motion is arranged in the same manner as in our other looms, that is, one tooth in the gear stands for two picks in the cloth, etc. The gears range from 20 teeth to 54 teeth, varying each one tooth. Pulleys: — 15", 16" and vj ff in diameter, 3" face, and for 108" loom run 90 revolutions per minute, varying corres- pondingly for other sizes. 236 Atlanta, Ga., STUART W. CRAMER, Charlotte, N. C. Whitin Looms, Continued* Duck Loom. This loom is designed for weaving sail cloth, canvas and other similar goods of 9 to 18 ounces per yard. It has very heavy frames, and extra strength is given to the wider pat- terns by the addition of a sampson in the centre. An efficient rope friction let-off is used which in connection with a nest of three fixed whip rolls of large diameters result iu a uni- form tension of the warp and of strength sufficient to hold the hardest weaves. The take-up motion is of strong and substantial design, the take-up or sand roll being of iron covered with perforated steel fillet. 237 Atlanta, Ga., STUART W. CRAMER, Charlotte, N. C. Whitin Looms, Continued. The Whitin Dobby. (See also Appendix, page 318c.) This Whitin Improved Dobby has several features which recommend its adoption by manufacturers of fancy cotton and silk goods. The sides are of a substantial as well as of a pleasing de- sign. They are rigidly connected by cross ties at the back and further strengthened by the hook racks bolted between them. The harness levers, connectors and hooks are of ordinary construction, common to dobbies of the Hattersley model, the two latter being of malleable iron, thus combining light- ness with strength. The hook racks are so made that both the hooks and con- nectors are readily removed without the necessity of taking the dobby apart The knives are connected to the rocker arms by wrought iron eye bars with swivel, adjustable joints whereby all back- lash is easily taken up. 238 Atlanta, Ga., STUART W. CRAMER, Charlotte, N. C. Whitin Looms, Continued ♦ A harness leveling device is provided of a simple and effect- ive nature. The power to drive the Dobby is transmitted by gearing from the crank shaft of the loom. This gearing is so situ- ated that the danger of oil spattering on the warp is entirely avoided. We build both the single and double index Dobbies of 8, 10, 12, 16, 20 and 25 harness capacities, and they may have either upright or horizontal harness levers. Our Dobbies can be attached to any of the various patterns of Whitin looms, and also to looms of other makers. Twelve harnesses is the capacity of our Standard Pattern Loom, and twenty harnesses for our Ponemah Pattern, although six- teen harnesses in the former and twenty-five in the latter may be used by a little crowding. Dobbies with upright harness levers are more generally used in preference to the horizontal lever Dobbies. The former is attached to the end of the loom and the latter to the top of the loom arch. The double index Dobby is more desirable for weaving long patterns, as it requires only half as many bars of chain as would be necessary to weave the same pattern on single index Dobby. 239 Atlanta, Ga„ STUART W. CRAMER, Charlotte, N. G Whitin Looms, Continued* Table of Floor Space Required for The Standard Whitin Looms. Name of Length of Lay. *Width outside Breast Beam to out- side 16£" Warp Beam. Distance between Swords. Reed Space. Est'm'ed Width of Cloth. Loom. Feet. Inches. Feet. Inches. Inches. Inches. Inches. 28in. 30 31 32 33 34 36 38 40 42 44 46 50 54 56 60 66 70 72 74 79 80 81 82 88 90 92 98 99 100 101 107 ' 108 124 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 7 7 7 7 7 8 8 8 9 9 9 10 10 11 11 11 11 11 12 12 12 12 12 12 13 13 15 m 6% & a Wa 3y a Ws l s /a f/s %i 6% 4 7 1 2 4 10 2 8 9 10 11 6 8 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 6% 6% 6% mi m 63/ fA 634 634- «« 63/ 6?4 634 % % " 3 / 11 3 / u& 1134 113/ "34 113/ lit 113/ H3/ 1132 35 36/ 38 39 40 41 43 45 47 49 51 53 57 61/ ff< 74 78 80 83 88 89 90 92 98 100 102 108 109 110 111 118 120 136 33/ 35 36/ 37/ 38/ 39/ 41/ 43/ 45/ 47/ 49/ 51/ 55/ 60 62 66/ 72/ 76/ 78/ 82/ 86/ 87/ 88/ 90/ 96/ 98/ 100/ 106/ 107/ 108/ 109/ 116/ 118/ 134/ 31.2 32.6 34.0 34.9 35.8 36.8 38.6 40.5 42.3 44.2 46.1 47.9 51.6 55.8 57.7 61.8 67.4 71.2 73.0 76.7 80.4 81.3 82.2 84.1 89.7 91.6 93.4 99.0 100.0 100.9 101.8 108.3 110.1 125.0 240 Atlanta, Ga., STUART "W. CRAMER, Charlotte, N. C. Whitin Looms, Continued. Floor Space, Continued. To obtain width from outside of Breast Beam to outside of 16%^ Warp Beam of the following styles of Looms, add the following number of inches to the figures given on the preceding page : Wide Loom, Standard Pattern, - - 5% inches. Wide Loom, Dwight Pattern, - - 3^ inches. Heavy Pattern Loom, Ponemah Side, - 3 inches. Loom with outside Cams, Ponemah Side, 3 inches. "Dwight Special," i8'^" Beam, 19" cut Roll, i%" inches. Note :— The above table has for its basis our regular stand- ard 40" heavy pattern loom. The name of loom in the left hand column is so given largely for convenience, and the number of inches given is not intended to indicate the exact width of cloth, as this will vary according to quality of cot- ton used, number of picks, and number of yarn, etc. In the list above, 28" to 72" looms, inclusive, are assumed to have shuttle boxes 20 r 5 6 " long, which is a suitable length for 15" shuttles. From 72" upwards, a 22" box is used. We make boxes 18", 19", 20", 21", 22" and 23" long, and when variations are made from sizes of boxes assumed as standards above, there will be a corresponding variation in the length of lay. Looms fitted with back-swell shuttle boxes have 20" boxes. Floor Plans:— See next page for floor plan of plain heavy pattern loom. The cut accompanies the table on this and the preceding page. 241 Atlanta, Ga., STUART W. CRAMER, Charlotte, N. C. Whitin Looms, Continued. r t 242 Atlanta, Ga., STUART W. CRAMER, Charlotte, N. & Whitin Looms, Continued, Table of Speeds, Recommended for Whitin Looms. (On Medium Weight Cloth.) Name Revolutions per Name Revolutions per of Loom. Minute. of Loom. Minute. 28 in. 200 to 210 72 in. 116 to 120 30 195 to 200 74 114 to 116 31 190 to 195 79 112 to 114 32 185 to 190 80 no to 112 34 180 to 185 81 108 to no 36 175 to 180 82 106 to 108 38 170 to 175 88 104 to 106 40 165 to 170 90 102 to 104 42 160 to 365 92 100 to 102 44 154 to 158 98 98 to 100 46 150 to 154 99 96 to 98 50 142 to 148 100 94 to 96 54 140 to 144 101 92 to 94 56 138 to 140 107 88 to 90 60 132 to 136 108 86 to 88 66 126 to 130 124 75 to 80 70 120 tO 124 150 65 to 70 243 Atlanta, Ga., STUART W. CRAMER, Charlotte, N. C. Whitin Looms, Continued. Diagrams of Motions. The following pages contain diagrams illustrating common styles of take-up and harness motions that may be applied to our looms. Diagrams of other styles will be sent on appli- cation. 244 Atlanta, Ga., STUART W. CRAMER, Charlotte, N. C. Whitin Looms, Continued. Standard Model. 8", 12" and 14" Cloth Roll 40 to 100 Picks. _ F.=CAM SHAFT GEAR G=CRANKSHAFTG£AR A.X C.X E . X F. B.X D.XI4.25XG = PICKS PER INCH. Change x 1.966 = Picks. Picks h- 1.966 = Change. Eccentric on Cam Shaft. 245 Atlanta, Ga., STUART W. CRAMER, Charlotte, N. C Whitin Looms, Continued. Standard Model. 19" Cloth Roll 40 to 100 Picks F=CAM SHAFTGEAR G=CRANKSHAFTGEAR A. X C. X E. — X_R _ P | CKS pER | N cH. B. X D. X I4.H5 X & Change x 1.966 = Picks. Picks ~ 1.966 = Change. Eccentric on Cam Shaft. 246 Atlanta, Ga., STUART W. CRAMER, Charlotte, N. C. Whitin Looms, Continued* Old Model. 8" to 12" Cloth Roll. 24 to 98 Picks. 14.25 x e. CONS T" A. N ' PICKS PER INCH. A. E3. CON. || A.. B. CON 7 2. 78 78G 84- 78 920 72. IOO 101 1 64 IOO 1179 72. lie 1172 84 1 ie 1363 Eccentric on Cam Shaft. Constants- Picks = Change. Constants- Change = Picks. 247 Atlanta, Ga., STUART "W. CRAMER, Charlotte, N. C. Whitin Looms, Continued* Newmarket Model* 16" Cloth Roll. 70 to 120 Picks. CLO F=CAM SHAFT GEAR. G=CRANK SHAFT A X C X X D X 14.25 X G -= PICKS Pt'R INCH Change x 1.981 = Picks. Picks -f- 1. 981 = Change. Eccentric on Cam Shaft. 248 Atlanta, Ga., STUART W. CRAMER, Charlotte, N. C. Whitin Looms, Continued. i|"dia. c=d flfe l| DIA. 2 Harness Motion. Of H 2 Harness Motion with Auxiliary Shaft. 249 Atlanta, Ga., STUART W. CRAMER, Charlotte, R C. Whitin Looms, Continued. m m ?n cftil 3 Harness Motion. 2§ DIA. /I^DIA. IT" op n 3 Harness Motion with Auxiliary Shaft. 250 Atlanta, Ga., STUART "W. CRAMER, Charlotte, N. C Whitin Looms, Continued* 4 Harness Motion. a: In 4 Harness Motion with Auxiliary Shaft. 251 Atlanta, Ga., STUART W. CRAMER, Charlotte, N. C. Whitin Looms, Continued. m m da. Ig DIA. , =^fI\ Ig DIA. NI'dia. 4 -54 40./27 4 Harness Motion, 2 Up and 2 Down. 252 Atlanta, Ga., STUART W. CRAMER, Charlotte, N. C. Whitin Looms, Continued. m w* m i Harness Motion, with Auxiliary Shaft. 2 Up and 2 Down. 253 Atlanta, Ga., STUART "W. CRAMER, Charlotte, N. C Whitin Looms, Continued. 5 Harness Motion. 254 Atlanta, Ga., STUART W. CRAMER, Charlotte, N. C. Whitin Looms, Continued. tzXTtj ^ 5 Harness Motion, with Auxiliary Shaft. 255 Atlanta, Ga„ STUART W. CRAMER, Charlotte, N. C. Whitin Looms, Continued. 6 Harness Motion. 256 Atlanta, Ga„ STUART W. CRAMER, Charlotte, N. C. Whitin Looms, Continued* 6 Harness Motion, with Auxiliary Shaft. 257 Atlanta, Ga., STUART W. CRAMER, Charlotte, N. C. Whitin Looms, Continued. Spring Harness Motion. 2 Harness Motion. End Cam Loom. 258 Atlanta, Ga., STUART W. CRAMER, Charlotte, N. C. Whitin Looms, Continued, 3 Harness Motion. End Cam Loom. 4 Harness Motion. End Cam Loom. 259 Atlanta, Ga., STUART W. CRAMER, Charlotte, N. C. Whitin Looms, Continued. 5 Harness Motion. End Cam Loom. 6 Harness Motion. End Cam Loom. 260 Atlanta, Ga., STUART W. CRAMER, Charlotte, N. C. Whitin Looms, Continued* o o -J G »>« -4-> *G •3 ►»■£ o mnioi— t- o CO Q q^ioooocqiq=oo^cOMcoiqoocN[>coot^ 10«b^o6u3iH(»lC5MOodcDT)io4cOSt^«10eQ ©0S00t-C-t-COC0C0C0101OiaiOO'*l'*''#-3<'3< o o co a > o»coo^eqc^iqot-;tccot>;0^osiOr-;o;t-; OCOC010rHODiric4ot^lOCOpOOOCDlC^c4rH in OS CO P > 10^«HffllO!00110M«N-i;oeNt-;roOOO!0 t^THHPJoicdcodoDCD^CNdoOt^lCTfmHd O5OS00t-COCOCOCO»OlOlOWia'tHTflTS<-^»tfTt<''cP o 03 CO P ©rHC3MOSCO©^©oqoqaST-Hiq©»qCNOSt^Cq 0S00t-t-CDCOC0OmiOlOO'3<^Tt<''Cf<-*-#*tfM 113 -JO 1-H co P > 92.5 86.7 77.1 69.4 66.0 63.1 60.3 57.8 55.5 53.4 51.4 49.6 47.8 46.3 44.8 43.4 42.0 40.8 39.6 38.5 3 o 00 CO p 90.0 84.4 75.0 67.5 64.3 61.4 58.7 56.3 54.0 51.9 50.0 48.2 46.6 45.0 43.5 42.2 40.9 39.7 38.6 37.5 ia b- CO p > 87.5 82.0 72.9 65.6 62.5 59.7 57.1 54.7 52.5 50.5 48.6 46.9 45.3 43.8 42.3 41.0 39.8 38.6 37.5 36.5 co B 3 O CO p q^MM^qTifHqqNioqOHcoioiO'** lOOSOmOOOuicOrHCS^loWicNrHoiaOt^edlQ 00 t- t- CO toioiaioio -#■*-*•*■*** CO MM CO P3 to CO p iOMoo^OTM^cqiqa"a;-*!'3< C$t^COrH(>0eOMrHCSt~lOTi' OOt^OrHiqCOOO(N-!iHO>-j;Ot-;iq-*MMM di6ddi>'f«dod-d-*tNiHdccNa>in'*» ^5 B > 1Q CO p 10t^<0»H^C010^10t~;iH10TH001QeOIiJ(N(NeO i^N^MidNOMd^mHOooi^ioidiiriiN t-tr.tOlQlolQlOTPii^'f^^CCMCOWCOCOCO o in CO p OWlflMtOHOQOnt-CNWiaWOlHHNCO f* inoNtDnHccoiflMHomt-oifl'fm^H t-t-!OlQlQlfl't^1"t , *r)iC0P;co«C0«COC0 © CO p >< otocijioot-t-oooiioia^otaoocooioffi O 1£) 00 CM O b- 1C M < oaiNco^M^toomHoottiiaiociot-oiH IflO^OOtDiiCNOQt'OTfCONHOClK't'N (ocoiof'jiii'j'jmconnKitonnNisNN e CM CO p > OMOOOCSHOOOCOHOOOHMIOt-O OCDOIOCNOCSt-CO-f«MHOacOt?-COlOIO COlOlO^-^*^MMMMMMMMC0CNtMCMCMCN o CO p > 0©CCMM1003'*©t-©10-S<10COOO©MCOOS LiHioHCit-in'fcOHCc:cot-aioiO'*co« IfllO^-tCOOWCOWCOCOCNCMNNCNCNNNCN c CO p q»[-;10l>;Hd^NiHdooVdlOlO'*KNNHd --B S.B © CD'i'rJ'^^lOCDOOONlOCOHlOO; Mt-N^H c4rHOC5oot^coicic-fco-riri^HC o go co Tf*Ti<-tf 36.5 35.5 34.6 33.8 32.9 32.1 31.4 30.7 30.0 29.3 28.7 28.1 27.6 27.0 26.5 26.0 25.5 25.0 24.5 24.1 CO p 35.5 34.5 33.7 32.8 32.0 31.3 30.5 29.8 29.2 28.5 27.9 27.3 26.8 26.3 25.7 25.2 24.8 24.3 23.9 23.4 a. 13 o CO p 1* 34.5 33.6 32.7 31.9 31.1 30.4 29.7 29.0 28.3 27.7 27.1 26.6 26.0 25.5 25.0 24.5 24.1 23.6 23.2 22.8 in CO p 33.4 32.6 31.7 30.9 30.2 29.5 28.8 28.1 27.5 26.9 26.3 25.8 25.3 24.8 24.3 23.8 23.3 22.9 22.5 22.1 u o o CO p 32.4 31.6 30.8 30.0 29.3 28.6 27.9 27.3 26.7 26.1 25.5 25.0 24.5 24.0 23.5 23.1 22.6 22 2 21.8 21.4 ^5 > (5 in in CO p 31.4 30.6 29.8 29.1 28.4 27.7 27.0 26.4 25.8 25.3 24.7 24.2 23.7 23.3 22.8 22.4 21.9 21.5 21.1 20.8 e m *-< CO p 30.4 29.6 28.8 28.1 27.4 26.8 26.2 25.6 25.0 24.5 23.9 23.4 23.0 22.5 22.1 21.6 21.2 20.8 20.5 20.1 o -r CO p 28.4 27.6 26.9 26.3 25.6 25.0 24.4 23.9 23.3 22.8 22.3 21.9 21.4 21.0 20.6 20.2 19.8 19.4 19.1 18.8 o CO CO p >* 26.4 25.7 25.0 24.4 23.8 23.2 22.7 22.2 21.7 21.2 20.7 20.3 19.9 19.5 19.1 18.8 18.4 18.1 17.7 17.4 o CO p >< ntrHiQO^C:mo!DHcO'tO(Onot^'#H ^COWfNWHOdooiflicOOOCOt-t-t-O CD 22.3 21.7 21.2 20.6 20.1 19.6 19.2 18.8 18.3 17.9 17.6 17.2 16.8 16.5 16.2 15.9 15.6 15.3 15.0 14.7 o o CO p 20.3 19.7 19.2 18.8 18.3 17.9 17.4 17.0 16.7 16.3 16.0 15.6 15.3 15.0 14.7 14.4 14.2 13.9 13.6 13.4 .3 3. S3 t-t-t-OOOOCOOOXOOOOOCOCCOHH 262 Atlanta, Ga., STUART W. CRAMER, Charlotte, N. G Whitin Looms, Concluded. *T3 G O u a o o (J ^2 1--C ^OOOONilCDCOON^OOOONi'OXO HHHC) Ol CM M CM CO CO CO CO CO -P -f -t< -p -P IO 01 CO Q > 27.6 27.2 26.7 26.3 25.8 25.4 25.0 24.6 24.2 23.9 23.5 23.2 22.8 22.5 22.2 21.9 21.6 21.3 21.0 o — CM X' a >< 26.3 25.9 25.4 25.0 24.6 24.2 23.8 23.4 23.1 22.7 22.4 22.1 21.7 21.4 21.1 20.8 20.5 20.3 20.0 — 25.7 25.2 24.8 24.4 24.0 23.6 23.2 22.9 22.5 22.2 21.8 21.5 21.2 20.9 20.6 20.3 20.0 19.8 19.5 33 co > 25.0 24.6 24.2 23.8 23.4 23.0 22.6 22.3 21.9 21.6 21.3 21.0 20.7 20.4 20.1 19.8 19.5 19.3 19.0 X a >■ 24.3 23.9 23.5 23.1 22.7 22.4 22.0 21.7 21.3 21.0 20.7 20.4 20.1 19.8 19.5 19.3 19.0 18.8 18.5 6 1 a V O CO P > 23,7 23.3 22.9 22.5 22.1 21.8 21.4 21.1 20.8 20.5 20.1 19.9 19.6 19.3 19.0 18.8 18.5 18.2 18.0 CO a > OCD«0510IMOOiaNOCOCOOI»10(N10t-10 CO CM CM rH rH r-t O CO ~ ~ cr. 00 ~ X X X 00 b- t- o X p > 22.4 22.0 21.6 21.3 20.9 20.6 20.2 19.9 19.6 19.3 19.0 18.8 18.5 18.2 18.0 17.7 17.5 17.2 17.0 SI CO p t-CO©C£>COOCCC000010CMClt-'3 u "3 o a: CO p 21.1 20.7 20.3 20.0 19.7 19.4 19.0 18.8 18.5 18.2 17.9 17.6 17.4 17.1 16.9 16.7 16.4 16.2 16.0 > Pi CO p 20.4 20.0 19.7 19.4 19.1 18.8 18.5 18.2 17.9 17.6 17.4 17.1 16.8 16.6 16.4 16.1 15.9 15.7 15.5 O to CO p >< t-^rlCO^HffiCOCOOQOlOCOrJOOCO^Ciq d o ccc! x co oo t^ i> i> t> ci 'i c c' o iri io 10 10 o -1" CO p ;* 18.4 18.1 17.8 17.5 17.2 16.9 16.7 16.4 16.2 15.9 15.7 15.4 15.2 15.0 14.8 14.6 14.4 14.2 14.0 o cc X p 17.1 16.8 16.5 16.3 16.0 15.7 15.5 15.2 15.0 14.8 14.6 14.3 14.1 13.9 13.7 13.5 13.4 13.2 13.0 CO 01 CO p > COlOMOCOlOCOrHOOCDTtHNOCt-LOCONC 110 UO 1C lO "tP rj< ^p ~P CO CO CO CO CO M 01 Ol CM Ol Ol CO CO p 14.5 14.2 14.0 13.8 13.5 13.3 13.1 12.9 12.7 12.5 12.3 12.1 12.0 11.8 11.6 11.5 11.3 11.1 11.0 — X a >< Cqat-IOMrtOJNlOtClOCBt-OtCIJHO COCINCJOJIHHHHHHOOOOOOO J u ^.5 ^COCOON'fCOMOOl^cDOOON'^CDOOO i-i i-f iH Ol M Cl Cl c t :: :: :c re :0 -t< -^ tJh -* ^t* 10 263 Atlanta, Ga„ STUART W. CRAMER, Charlotte, N. C. The Northrop loom, Manufactured by The Draper Company* (Although the Whitin Machine Works do not make this loom, a number of our customers using our other machinery have them in their mills, and therefore it seems desirable to have a chapter devoted to them in this book. The following is published by courtesy of the Draper Company.) The essential points of difference between this and the or- dinary types of looms are that it automatically supplies its filling and mechanically prevents faults in the warp. The ordinary loom stops when the filling carried by its. shuttle is broken or exhausted. It does not stop when warp threads break. The supply of filling in a shuttle will last, in usual weaving, from one minute to ten, depending on the size of shuttle, fineness of yarn, speed of loom and width of cloth. Warp threads will break with varying regularity according to conditions, averaging at least twenty per loom per day on ordinary goods. 264 Atlanta, Ga., STUART W. CRAMER, Charlotte, N. C. Draper Looms, Continued, A Filling Changer involves the following mechanisms : A filling fork to detect fault or absence in the filling. A hopper to hold an extra supply of filling. A transferrer to transfer extra filling from the hopper. A peculiar shuttle which will release the old filling carrier and properly receive the new, threading the yarn in its eye automatically. A device to receive the spent filling carrier, involving a chute and box. A device to protect the apparatus from damage in case the shuttle is not in proper position to receive a new filling supply. A thread cutter to' sever the thread extending from the hopper to the cloth when fresh filling is inserted. A device to stop the loom in case filling is all absent from the hopper, or in case the shuttle fails to thread more than once successively. The Warp Stop Motions are in several forms, all involving the same idea of stopping the loom in case any individual thread breaks or becomes unduly slack. They include drop wires, detectors and heddles, acting as follows : In the Harness. Back of the Harness. Back of the Lease Rods. In front of the Harness. On the Lay. In the Reed. The stop motions largely in use are those in the Harness and immediately back or in front of them. Dealing with the more important parts of the loom in turn, we first consider the Filling Changer, or Hopper, or Battery, or Magazine, as it is termed. This attachment fur- nishes the great element of labor saving. As recently im- proved, the hopper is designed to hold twenty-five extra bobbins, or cops, of filling, in place of fifteen as formerly. The new hopper is also much simplified in the detail of its mechanism, so that fewer and simpler parts perform the same work and with even greater accuracy than before. The devices which co-operate with the Filling Changer, such as the shuttle, the bobbins, the cop skewers, the shut- tle position detector, etc., have also been modified with good results. The shuttles are specially designed so as to be less liable to split or to be damaged, and the bobbins are 265 Atlanta, Ga., STUART W. CRAMER, Charlotte, N. C. Draper Looms, Continued. specially made with large butts, so that they wear better and change less in reaming. The Warp Stop Motion is of various types. The now familiar steel harness style is probably superior for two- harness weaving on ordinary goods. It will not do for very close sley, for very wide goods, or for goods woven with a heavy strain on the warp, however. The drop-wire system, in which one detector operates for more than one thread, has been the most popular form for miscellaneous goods. There is also a single-thread stop motion, so called, which can be used with any number of harnesses. There are various devices for matching the pick. The only sure method of making absolutely perfect cloth is to supply new filling before the old filling is absolutely ex- hausted. This is accomplished by the use of what is termed a " Feeler," which positively engages the filling in the shut- tle while weaving, to determine when it has lost volume sufficiently to warrant the operation of the filling changer to insert a new supply. The objection that would naturally be raised to this is the amount of waste yarn left on the expelled bobbin ; this is met by removal as waste, or by piecing up from these bobbins on the spinning frame. Points of Importance : For proper operation, the hopper must be positioned so as to deliver the bobbin, or cop skewer, properly into the shuttle. As left by the erecting men, the position is correctly gauged. The lay bearings may change, however, and if there is any fault in the operation of changing filling, the loom should be turned over by hand, to note just where the fault is. Dupli- cate gauges should be kept by the overseer, by which to check up any errors in position. Note carefully the delivery of the new bobbin by the transferrer, to see that it is put properly into place, without any contact of the transferrer with the shuttle. The adjusting screw on the latch, attached to the transferrer, allows considerable lee-way for adjust- ment. If the lay does not come forward sufficiently, the throw may be set by the eccentric bearing at the lay end of the pitman. If the pitman becomes too badly worn to allow proper adjustment, it should be replaced. If a badly worn 266 Atlanta, Ga„ STUART W. CRAMER, Charlotte, N. C. Draper Looms, Continued. picker allows the shuttle to enter the box too far, an additional strip of leather should be placed in the box, behind the picker stick. It is better to keep the hopper continuously filled ; that is, not allow gaps between the bob- bins, although it may work all right without this care. The spring on the transferrer should be set with sufficient tension to prevent the blow of the lay from forcing the bobbin too far in the shuttle, by extra momentum. If the shuttle spring gets loosened, tighten up the retain- ing screw. While this is a self-evident proposition, con- tinual attention has to be called to it. With long bobbins, it is necessary to put some form of friction in the shuttle, such as bristles or slasher waste, inserted through holes in the sides. If the shuttle fails to thread, take pains to see whether the slot has become jammed, or the eye filled with lint. Shuttles often get broken because the protector is not properly set, allowing the side of the shuttle to be smashed in by the temple, when banging off. Another reason for shuttle splitting, is due to bobbins catching during transfer. This trouble is almost always due to improper position of the hopper, or to improper position of the shuttle with rela- tion to the hopper. The shuttle position detector should protect one end, and the suitable insertion of leather back of the picker stick, the other end. Greater care than usual must be taken with the pick of the Northrop looms, for many serious troubles with the filling are due to a hard pick, which will not only tend to snap the filling thread when picking the shuttle, after transfer, but will also tend to make the filling throw off of the bobbin, loop over the eye point, or get caught in cracks or on pro- jections near the shuttle box. A proper check will, of course, counteract the effect of a harsh pick, more or less, and so will a tight shuttle box. The proper method, how- ever, is to use as light a pick as possible. Error in the warp-stop motion is easily detected by test with a drop detector at various portions of the warp. Faults in action will be found due to improper set of parts, damaged parts, or worn parts. Necessary repairs should be promptly attended to. Slack threads often cause trouble by stopping the loom too often. This may be due to improper tension of the let-off. or the position of whip roll with relation to the harness. The greater part of warp breakage is due to knots, and especially knots with long ends. 267 Atlanta, Ga., STUART W. CRAMER, Charlotte, N. C. Draper Looms, Continued* Most of the trouble with a loom is due to lack of oiling and lack of care in keeping parts properly adjusted. There is so much jar and shock with this machine, that nuts are apt to become loose, and bolts to slip. It is poor economy to allow badly worn parts to continue in use. If a change of goods is made, care must be taken to see that the let-off gearing is properly proportioned for the new work ; also that the take-up shall let back the proper amount. The position of the take-up roller and whip roll with relation to the lay is of vital importance, necessarily changing as the conditions change. In order to get face on the goods, sac- rifices must be made in other directions. Cloth Defects. If Northrop loom cloth shows warp runs or pick-outs, there is no excuse, as the warp-stop motion should properly protect against such errors. Thin places would prove either that the filling fork was out of order, or that the shuttle eye has become clogged so as to continue mis-threading, unless a dragging end of filling (when coarse) has held the fork from action. Thick places would be caused by the let-off not working properly, or by the take-up failing to act. Other general defects ma}- be due to oil stains, which are inexcusable, poor set of pick or harness cams, need of fric- tion in the shuttle, improper templing, improper choice of harness cams for the goods, and improper position of the parts over and through which the warp threads run. SPEED RECOMMENDED FOR DRAPER LOOMS FOR MEDIUM WEIGHT GOODS. 28" 190 to 195 60" 128 to 132 30" 185 to 190 64" 124 to 128 32" 180 to - 185 68" 120 to 124 34" 175 to 180 72" 116 to 120 36" 170 to 175 76" 112 tO Il6 38" 165 to 170 80" 108 tO 112 40" 160 to 165 84" 104 to 108 42" 154 to 158 88" 100 to 104 44" 148 to 152 92" 96 to 100 46" 144 to 148 *„ 94 to 96 48" 140 to 144 100 90 to 94 52" 136 to 140 104" 88 to 90 56" 132 to 136 108" 86 to 88 268 Atlanta, Ga., STUART W. CRAMER, Charlotte, N. G Draper Looms, Continued^ Instructions for Filling Out Specifications. (Make out separate specifications for each size loom.) Reed.— Send half a dozen pieces of different reeds, to help fit lay. Reeds vary so much, one piece is not sufficient. As the contraction on our high roll take-up is considerably less, on certain classes of weaves, than on other looms, it would be well to write the builders before ordering new reeds. The maximum reed space is 5" wider than the size of the loom. Bobbin or Cop.— It is necessary to send several sample cops with mule spindle, or bobbin and spindle. The regular sizes of bobbins take 5%, 6% and 6%" inch traverse. The regular cop sizes are 5^, 6% and 6^f inch traverse. At least 200 to a loom should be provided. When cops are used, twenty skewers are sent with each loom. These are charged extra. Special patented bobbins are required and must be ordered from the Draper Co. Let=Off.— Bartlett, Shepard, Friction, or Bartlett and Friction combined is furnished. On F Model looms, Compound let- off is furnished. Take=Up.— The " High Roll " construction admits of wind- ing any diameter cloth roll up to 18 inches. Embodied with this are three separate styles of Take-up. The regular pattern takes up with every pick, and lets back to prevent thin places. The Worm Take-up is a positive take-up, without the let- back feature, and is especially designed for corduroys, velvets and similar fabrics, which require 200 picks per inch and above. The Worm Take-up with Let-back is designed for those who require a positive take-up, and still desire the let-back feature. Harness-Motion.— The regular top harness-motion or the side- top compensating motion is furnished. 269 Atlanta, Ga., STUART W. CRAMER, Charlotte, N. C. Draper Looms, Continued, This loom is also adapted to take the Stafford or Crompton Dobby. Warp Stop=Motlon.— There are three styles. Steel harness for 2-shade work only, using one steel hed- dle for every warp thread. Drop-wire stop-motion for cotton harness, which requires one drop-wire for every two warp threads in a two harness loom adapted for 2, 3, 4 and 5 harness work. Single Thread or Lease Rod stop-motion for cotton har- ness, using one drop-wire for every warp thread. This stop- motion is adapted for any number of harness from 2 up. Drop-wires and heddles are extras, and should be ordered in sufficient quantities for extra drawing-in sets. It is well to order about 20 per cent, more drop-wires or heddles than the looms figure for this purpose. Pulleys.— Regular size 12 inch diameter, 2% inch face, for 28 inch loom. 14 inch diameter, 2% iuch face, for 40 inch loom. This width of face is strongly recommended as wider pulleys are much more troublesome in shifting belts. Equipment.— Looms are furnished with filling-changer, warp stop-motion, check stands, shuttle-guard, filling-forks, one shuttle, one and one-half beams per loom. No leather parts. Pickers.— Pickers must be of short pattern, not projecting above shuttle box. Sample sets of strapping and pickers are furnished without charge. The different Loom Models are as follows : A node!.— Like those at Queen City Mill and other early or- ders. B Model.— Standard up to 1898. D Model.— Heavy Pattern. Present standard. E Model.— Regular Pattern. Present standard. F Model.— Extra Heavy Pattern. Recommended for 72-inch goods and wider. H Model.— Heavy Pattern. Side Cam Loom. 270 Atlanta, Ga., STUART W. CRAMER, Charlotte, N. C Draper Looms, Concluded* o c Q g G ti a Q a o o Oh o »G -4— > O ■3S £ -V .cm ft^S £ 01 £14 01 O u o ^. ^ m •B jJXI ►J a .S tv" 4 " 1 *£. Jr .XI be j- (fi •"* a ° it J vo a a a a a a « -*VO O •* ■* co CO co ^- ^- lO .5.S.S.S.S.S m co 10 CTv co to CO CO CO CO ^t" LO .S.S.S.S.S.S *tf-vo CO CN vo vo CO CO CO ^J- ^t- LO r^co oo oo ov o f^ O M LO CTV C^ r^ t^co co oo o\ vo cc o ^t-co CO i-^ t^co co co Ov a E a a a C CO O CN vo O O "0 E B Ji QE o *8 o o 01 S N o> « fc ^ e x! ta E 0-= ° X! Cg ° E tf - i* oi ■" oi W ^S c oi fe ca™ oi >ajd -52^ e pa •~ '" -is? <2g.o — i> <* e£E *"' 01 ™. E^m c^ ° B-r a o ? ft O , 01 J 3j nj ■~ S-i c £* ft !_ be 0) o B QtVC a o O o fe £•3 m « ■ aj 01 Bug oi a ft 0)v*-l 01 o 78 in. 82 in. 88 in. 96 in. 106 in. L+H . o Xj M c 01 B c a" c a" VO OvO 't^ CN CO co ^t" LO 55 72 in. 76 in. 82 in. 90 in. 100 in. «E m ;oo x: o > a i" l^s >E„- 01—0 1=J"X u 01 „ 71 O 01 01 ^oq K C3vo •S B^! Xi 01 3 o ^^ *o «J § n O i-, >- Z 01 r, 01 a a a m o ~ +-' o .5 .2 j 271 Atlanta, Ga„ STUART W. CRAMER, Charlotte, N. C. CURTIS & MARBLE CLOTH ROOM AND FINISHING MACHINERY, Railway Sewing and Rolling Machine* The cloth from the loom is placed in the cradle in front, the ends are stitched together as fast as it is unrolled from the loom-bolt, and then as many pieces as desired are rolled up in a large roll ready for the Brushing, Shearing, Folding Ma- chines, etc., or for shipment to the bleachery. Before being sewed, the cloth is drawn out to its full width, and held smooth and straight by steel pins on the machine. The sew- ing-machine head then travels across it (the cloth remaining stationary), and sews. the ends together with a continuous chain-stitch, making a perfectly straight and even seam all the way across. The machines are adjustable for different widths of cloth. The cloth-cradle in front will take in any size roll up to 18" diameter. A folding attachment may be put on to lay the goods off in loose folds, if desired. Also a measuring attachment. See "Floor Plan and Notes" for floor space required, sizes and speeds of pulleys, and production. 272 Atlanta, Ga., STUART W. CRAMER, Charlotte, N. C. Curtis & Marble Cloth Room Machinery, Continued* Railway Sewing Machine* The sewing is done on the same principle as on the ma- chine already described, and the same style of sewing-ma- chine head is used. The sewing-machine head then travels across it and sews the two ends together with a continuous chain-stitch, stopping automatically at the end of each seam ; a small hand-wheel is then turned, and the sewing-machine head drawn back to the starting-point at the left-hand side of the machine ready for the next seam. The machine is readily adjusted for different widths of goods. This style of machine is very convenient for stitching to- gether the goods, where they are not to be rolled up after- ward. A countershaft to go overhead, with hangers, tight and loose pulleys and pulley for driving the sewing machine, is regularly furnished with each machine. See "Floor Plan and Notes " for floor space required, sizes and speeds of pulleys, and production. 273 Curtis & Marble Cloth Room Machinery, Continued. Inspecting Machine. This machine is for the convenient and rapid inspection of the goods, whether in single pieces as the}' come from the loom, or when running from a large roll during the various processes of manufacture. It is intended more especially for use on goods that are put through a Brushing or Shearing Machine where the threads .and dirt are removed. The cloth is placed in the cradle, or on stands in front of the machine, and is then drawn over the table in full view of the operator and rolled up on brackets at the back of the machine ; or, if preferred, a folding arrangement may be put on to lay the goods off in loose folds. The pulley on the draft roll is pro- vided with a friction clutch, and this roll is quickly stopped and started by the foot of the operator on the treadle-board in front. There is also a reverse motion operated by the side treadle by which the direction of the draft roll is reversed, when desired, and the goods run back over the table ; this is a very desirable and convenient feature, enabling any imper- fections which may be noticed near the upper part of the table to be run back and more carefully examined. See " Floor Plan and Notes " for floor space required, sizes and speeds of pulleys, and production. 274 Atlanta, Ga., STUART W. CRAMER, Charlotte, N. C. Curtis & Marble Cloth Room Machinery, Continued* Calender-Rolling Machine. (With Hot Rolls and Steam Vapor Cylinder.) These machines are intended for smoothing out cotton goods and rolling them up in a smooth, hard and even roll. They are generally used with a steam vapor cylinder, and as the cloth enters the machine it is drawn over spreader bars and slightly dampened ; it then passes down under the bot- tom roll, up between the two rolls, and around the top roll to the wooden roll, on which it is wound up. The iron rolls are driven by heavy gearing, and two sets of connecting gears are furnished with each machine ; one set drives the rolls at the same surface speed, while the other set drives the top roll a trifle faster than the lower one, sufficient to draw out wrinkles, puckers and temple marks before rolling up. By treating the goods in this way and letting them remain on the rolls for a few hours, or over night, when taken off the rolls they present a much smoother and better appearance and finish to place on the market. A pair of long racks rests on the ends of the wooden roll on which the cloth is wound, 275 Atlanta, Ga., STUART W. CRAMER, Charlotte, N. C Curtis & Marble Cloth Room Machinery, Continued. and the requisite amount of pressure for making as hard a roll as desired is obtained by a friction strap and cam at the top ; the amount of pressure is easily regulated as required for different classes of goods. The machines are made to be run either with cold rolls or are fitted with stuffing boxes, piping and valves ready for connections so as to let steam inside both rolls and have them hot when running. The machines with the steam rolls are usually made considerably heavier than the cold ones, and on almost all classes of goods will give a better and softer finish, as they have a hot ironing effect instead of a cold one. The steam rolls may also be used cold if desired. The Steam Vapor Cylinder lets a light vapor of steam onto the goods just before entering the machine, and aids in smoothing out the goods and giving them a softer finish and feel. The amount of steam is easily regulated, so that the goods may be dampened in this way without giving them the harsh feeling often occasioned by the use of water. A cut- off valve is attached to the steamer to shut off the steam when the machine is stopped, and thus avoid excessive steaming or wetting in one place. These machines are run either in connection with a Shear- ing or Brushing Machine where the processes of cleaning and brushing the goods and then rolling them up in a hard roll are done atone operation, or they may be used independently with tight and loose pulleys. These Calender-Rolling Machines are of decided advantage for all goods that are sold in the brown, or that are not fur- ther treated and finished. See " Floor Plan and Notes" for floor space required, size and speeds of pulleys, and production. 276 Atlanta, Ga., STUART W. CRAMER, Charlotte, N. C. Curtis & Marble Cloth Room Machinery, Continued* Calender-Rolling Machine. (With Measuring Roll, Steamer and Revolving Stretch Roll.) The above cut shows our Calender-Rolling Machine, the same as previously described, with the addition of an adjust- able measuring attachment, and revolving stretch roll in the front. The Adjustable Measuring Attachment consists of a meas- uring roll usually made one yard in circumference, with an expansion pulley on the end, and attached to the side of the machine is the measuring dial, which is generally made to register 2,500 or 5,000 yards, as desired ; the expansion pul- ley may be varied in diameter, and as some goods are more elastic than others and consequently stretch more in run- ning, the size of the pulley may be so adjusted as to give an accurate measurement of any kind of goods as they are rolled up. . . . The Revolving Stretch Roll is made with wooden slats on the outside and brass trucks and slides on the inside, so as to turn easily. See " Floor Plan and Notes" for floor space required, sizes and speeds of pulleys, and production. 277 Atlanta, Ga., STUART W. CRAMER, Charlotte, N. C. Curtis & Marble Cloth Room Machinery, Continued. Cotton Brusher» (With Calender-Rolling Machine.) The Cotton Brushing Machine shown in above cut is arranged with one pair of Emery Rolls and one pair of Beat- ers in front, and with two Card Rolls and one stiff Brush on top for each side of the goods to finish them by once running through. It may also be made with other arrangements of Card Rolls and Brushes, or with all Brushes, if desired. On nearly all new machines made at the present time, we attach the Emery Rolls and Beaters, which are valuable additions for more thoroughly cleaning the goods, and require almost no additional floor space. The Emery Rolls do good service in removing motes, leaf, chits, etc., and are used especially for the medium and heavier classes of goods, such as sheet- ings, shirtings, drills, ducks, etc. ; for finer goods, brushes may be put on in place of the emery rolls, or only the beat- ers used in front. The Beaters have steel blades with sharp edges, which run against the goods and knock off many of the knots and knubs which it is almost impossible to get off by other means, as well as loosen much of the other dirt so that the card rolls and brushes which follow may take it off. They have proved very effective in connection with the other cleaning appliances, and are used to advantage on quite fine goods as well as on coarser grades. The Emery Rolls and Beaters may also be added in similar manner to older ma- chines to enable them to do more effective work. 278 Atlanta, Ga„ STUART W. CRAMER, Charlotte, N. C. Curtis & Marble Cloth Room Machinery, Continued. The Brushes are set with the very best quality of Russian stiff bristles, which are the only bristles that will do effective work on cotton goods ; softer and cheaper bristles are some- times used in cotton brushing machines, but, beyond brush- ing off loose lint and dirt, are of but little service for cleaning the goods. The Card Rolls are covered with fillet made ex- pressly for this work, with straighter teeth than usual, and are run with the bend of the teeth pointing backwards, mak- ing good appliances for removing chits, motes, specks, etc., without raising a nap. The machine is entirely covered on top, and around the emery rolls and beaters (the covers be- ing removed in the cut in order to show the different rolls, etc.), and has a powerful Exhaust Fan underneath to carry off dust and lint, leaving the room free from anything arising from the machine. The Brushing Machines are made with rolling-up brackets attached to the back side for winding the goods on rolls, or are run in connection with our Calender- Rolling Machines, as shown in the cut, where the work of both machines is done in one operation. The iron rolls of the Calender Head may be made to run either cold or hot, as desired, and with the above arrangement the goods are first thoroughly brushed and cleaned, then passed over a steam vapor cylinder to receive a light vapor of steam, and then in passing around the iron rolls of the Calender Head are freed from wrinkles and puckers and rolled up in a smooth, hard and even roll ; after being treated in this way and allowed to stand tightly rolled up for a few hours or over night, when taken off the rolls the goods have a much smoother and bet- ter finish and " feel " to place on the market. The work of the Calender-Rolling Machines is more fully described on a preceding page. The Brushing Machines with the different cleaning ap- pliances make very effectual and complete machines, and if Shear Blades are also desired, we can add them in almost any desired number and arrangement for either one or both sides of the goods. See "Floor Plan and Notes'* for floor space required, sizes and speeds of pulleys, and production. 279 Atlanta, Ga., STUART W. CRAMER, Charlotte, N. C. Curtis & Marble Cloth Room Machinery, Continued* Cover over top and trout removed to show parts. Cotton Shearing and Brushing Machine* (With One Emery Roll, One Beater, One Card Roll, Two Brashes, and Two Sets of Shear Blades for One Side of the Goods, and One Emery Roll, One Beater, One Card Roll, Two Brushes, and One Set of Shear Blades for the Other Side, With Rolling Brackets.) We illustrate but two of our many arrangements of Cotton Shearing and Brushing Machines ; we build them with al- most any desired arrangement of parts and attachments, with from one to six sets of shear blades and one to three brushes to shear but one side at a time, or with one or more sets of shear blades and brushes for the opposite side, to finish both sides by once running through. We also add Emery Rolls, Card Rolls, Beaters, Extra Brushes, etc., ar- ranged in various combinations to suit the different classes of goods and the amount of cleaning and finishing required. The above cut shows a machine with many of the different attachments on, and we also build larger machines with more Shear Blades, etc., on them. The Front Attachment with Emery Rolls and Beaters is used on very many Brush- ing and Shearing Machines, and while requiring almost no additional floor space is a valuable addition to the machines 280 Atlanta, Ga., STUART W. CRAMER, Charlotte, N. C. Curtis & Marble Cloth Room Machinery, Continued. for more thoroughly cleaning the goods. The Emery Rolls do good service in removing motes, leaf, chits, etc., and are used especially on the medium and heavier classes of goods, such as sheetings, shirtings, drills, tickings, ducks, etc. The Beaters have steel blades with sharp edges, which run against the goods and knock off many of the little knots and knubs which it is difficult to get off in other wavs, as well as loosen much of the other dirt, so that the card rolls, brushes, etc., which follow may take it off, They are of great value in con- nection with the other cleaning appliances, and may be used to advantage on quite fine goods as well as on coarse. The Card Rolls are covered with fillet, having less bend to the teeth than usual, and are run with the bend of the teeth pointing backwards, so as not to raise a nap. They are effect- ive for removing threads, specks, chits, etc. The Brushes are filled with the best Russian stiff bristles, which will do the most effective work of any bristles in cleaning cotton goods. The Shear Blades are for trimming off the threads and fibres, and are carefully made and tempered, and tested before being used. Where different kinds of goods are made and some of them do not require as much finishing as others, by changing belts, or taking off some of the belts entirely, either, the Emery Rolls, Card Rolls, Beaters, or Shear Blades may be stopped, and as many parts of the machine used as will best adapt it to each grade and variety of goods. The Shearing Machines have Exhaust Fans underneath to carry off dust and lint, and have covers over the top and around the Emery Rolls and Beaters in front to keep the room free from anything arising from the machine. They have swing cloth rests and a stop motion for the revolvers, which are de- sirable improvements to prevent cutting the cloth when the seams go through. The machines are made with Rolling Brackets at the back side, as shown in the cut, or are run in connection with our Calender-Rolling Machines or Gas- Singeing Machines. See " Floor Plan and Notes " for floor space required, sizes and speeds of pulleys, and production. 281 Atlanta, Ga., STUART W. CRAMER, Charlotte, N. C Curtis & Marble Cloth Room Machinery, Continued. Cover over top and front removed to show parts. Cotton Shearing and Brushing Machine. (With Four Sets of Shear Blades, Three Brushes for the Face of the Goods, and One Brush for the Back of the Goods, with Horizontal Rolling Brackets.) This machine makes a very satisfactory arrangement for printeries, bleacheries, cloth-rooms, etc , where but one side of the cloth is to be sheared. Many of the older styles of machines for bleacheries, printeries, etc., were made with brushes and shear blades for only the face of the cloth, but on more recent machines one or more brushes are generally added for the back of the goods, since the face and back of the cloth come against each other when rolled up, and if dirt or lint is left on the back of the goods, more or less of it is liable to come off on the face when the goods are unrolled, 282 Atlanta, Ga., STUART W. CRAMER, Charlotte, N. C. Curtis & Marble Cloth Room Machinery, Continued. and thus cause trouble in the after processes. We have also similar machines to these with two, three, four, five, or six sets of shear blades for the face, and with any desired number of brushes for both the face and the back of the goods. Additional brushes, beaters, or other cleaning appli- ances may also be put onto the front of the machine, if de- sired. Our Shearing Machines are made with swinging cloth-rests and stop-motion for the revolvers, so that the cloth-rests may be raised or the revolvers stopped when seams pass through. The cloth-rests, brushes, etc., are held in adjustable boxes so that they can be readily set for any class of goods Special attention is given to the cutting parts, the spirals in the re- volvers and ledger blades being made from the best quality steel, carefully tempered and finished. On machines for shearing only one side of the goods, a cover is generally placed over the back brush, as shown on the cut, and the balance of the machine left open, so that the operator may see the work done by the brushes and cutting parts, while on machines for shearing both sides of the goods, the cover usually extends over the entire top of the machine. Under- neath the machine is an exhaust fan for taking off dust and lint. Levers are provided at both sides of the machine for starting and stopping the machine as well as for lifting the cloth-rests or stopping the revolvers when seams go through. Spreader-bars are attached both on the front of the machine where the cloth enters, and at the delivery end just before the cloth is rolled up, for taking out wrinkles and turned edges. See "Floor Plan and Notes" for floor space required, sizes and speeds of pulleys, and production. 283 Atlanta, Ga., STUART W. CRAMER, Charlotte, N. C Curtis & Marble Cloth Room Machinery, Continued. Improved Gas Singeing Machine. This cut represents our Improved Gas Singeing Machine, which has proved a most complete and efficient machine for singeing all classes of goods. The Burners have a continu- ous slot their whole length, and give a solid and uniform sheet of flame from selvage to selvage ; there are brass slides which go over the ends of the burners to shorten the flame when singeing narrow goods so that it may be no wider than the goods, and all waste of gas at the ends of the burn- ers is avoided. Each flame comes in contact with the goods at two points so that the heat from both sides of the flame is utilized, and as the flame strikes the goods when running first in one direction and then in the opposite direction, the fibres are removed in the most thorough and efficient man- ner possible. A fine and close singe can be obtained on these machines with a less consumption of gas than by any other system of singeing. The machines are so arranged that either one or both sides of the goods may be singed, as required ; on machines with two burners, when singeing only one side, the goods have four contacts with the flames, or when singeing both sides they have two contacts on each side at each passage through, Atlanta, Ga., STUART W. CRAMER, Charlotte, N. C. Curtis & Marble Cloth Room Machinery, Continued. and on larger machines proportionately more contacts are obtained. A Fan Blower and Air Reservoir are attached to the ma- chine to give a constant supply of air under steady pressure to mix with the gas, so that a maximum amount of heat is obtained with a minimum quantity of gas, and at the same time the combustion is rendered complete, so that there is no smoke or soot to soil the goods. The amount of gas and air required is easily regulated by stop-cocks. The machines may be quickly stopped and the burners turned away from the goods by means of levers to prevent damage to the goods while the machine is not running ; these levers are so arranged that the burners must be turned before stopping the ma- chine. Small lighter-pipes are provided, by means of which the flames are re-lighted when the burners are thrown back into working position. The burner-rolls around which the goods pass as the flame acts on them may be kept cool by a continuous stream of water passing through them to present a cold surface against the back of the goods and prevent the flame from penetrating the goods to " exhaust " them. The carrier and burner-rolls are made of brass to prevent rust or stain on the cloth. Where varieties of goods are being singed, the machine may be made with differential friction plate, as shown in cut, so that the speed of the cloth may be changed at pleasure ; this allows different classes of goods to be run at any desired speed, according to the amount of singeing required, and whether one or both sides are being singed. The machines are also built with cut gearing for driving the draft roll, and cone pulleys on the shafts underneath, allowing several changes of speed ; — this is a little easier method of driving, though does not allow as wide a range of speeds. A Steaming Apparatus is placed directly after the last burner, to let a vapor of steam on the goods after being singed : or a Water-Box may be used at the back side. The machine is made with either a rolling attachment, as shown on the cut, as is most commonly used for cotton goods, or with high folding attachment to lay the goods off in loose 285 Atlanta, Ga., STUART W. CRAMER, Charlotte, N. C. Curtis & Marble Cloth Room Machinery, Continued* folds. The rolling attachment is made with brass slides to go over the ends of the winding roll, with weights and cams to give pressure to make a firm, solid roll ; it is also placed at a convenient height from the floor for easily taking off the roll of cloth. For goods where a very large amount is singed off, brushes may be added, if desired, to remove the burnt particles after singeing. A Smoke-Hood may be attached over the top of the ma- chine, arranged to be connected by piping to an exhaust or ventilating fan for carrying off all gases and products of com- bustion. Where the Singeing Machines are run in connection with a Shearing Machine, as in print works, etc., an extra pair of draft rolls may be added in front to draw the cloth through the Shear, connected by bevel gearing to the back draft rolls, to maintain a uniform draft on the goods through both ma- chines, without any excessive strain. These machines are commonly made with two, three or four burners, as desired. A large number are running in mills making plain or fancy cottons, ginghams, worsted dress goods, upholstery goods, and in different finishing establish- ments, bleacheries, print and dye works, where almost all varieties of goods are being singed. For singeing corduroys and other pile fabrics, we build special Singeing Machines, working on the same principle as the above, but modified in form and construction, as the character of the goods requires. Built in different widths for 30", 36", 40", 44", 50", 60", and 72" goods. See " Floor Plan and Notes" for floor space required, sizes and speeds of pulleys, and production. 286 Atlanta, Ga., STUART W. CRAMER, Charlotte, N. C Curtis & Marble Cloth Room Machinery, Continued, Cloth Winder and Measurer. This machine is for winding cotton prints, ginghams, fancy cottons and other goods for the market, and it is made either with or without the Measuring Attachment. The machine without the Measurer is often run in connection with a Cloth Folder, on which the goods are measured, and will wind at the rate of 50 to 60 yards per minute, while the one with the Measurer is not usually run quite as fast, but accurately measures the goods as they are rolled up, and for general work is the more desirable machine. The tension is easily regulated by friction rods in front, and by means of the guide collars, the ends can be made perfectly square and even, making a neat looking roll. The machine is readily stopped and started by the foot of the operator upon the treadle-bar in front, and the boards quickly clamped and un- damped in the sockets by a hand-lever. The goods are gen- erally wound on boards 4 to 9 inches wide, or on a square bar, or steel plate, which is pulled out after the goods are wound up ; cardboard or a paper tube may also be used, if desired. Extra pairs of jaws for holding different widths of boards, etc., furnished when wanted. In ordering, the width of board used should always be given. This is one of the best and most convenient Winding and 287 Atlanta, Ga., STUART W. CRAMER, Charlotte, N. C. Curtis & Marble Cloth Room Machinery, Continued. Measuring Machines built, and is largely used by cotton and gingham mills, bleacheries, print works, dyeing and finish- ing establishments, etc., for almost all classes of goods. The usual widths of these machines are 3-4 wide for goods up to 27 inches, and 4-4 for goods any width up to 36 inches. Wider and heavier machines are also made for goods 40, 45, 50, 60 or 72 inches wide. Cloth Folding Machine. (With Low Back Frame.) This represents our Improved Cloth Folding and Measur- ing Machine, with low back frame and apron, as arranged for general work on ordinary brown goods, etc., for which we claim many advantages not found in other machines. The leaves of the table upon which the cloth is folded have a positive opening movement by means of cams and levers in advance of the folding-blades, so that the cloth is carried under the jaws without friction on the cloth already folded, and the work is done without pulling the cloth from the opposite jaw, or dragging the fold back when the blades are withdrawn from between the table and jaws The feeding- in of the cloth and the tension are easily regulated, and accurate measurement may be obtained, whether running at fast or slow speed. The swivel-rod for tipping the blades 288 Atlanta, Ga., STUART "W. CRAMER, Charlotte, N. C. Curtis & Marble Cloth Room Machinery, Continued. swings in a different manner from formerly, and is fitted with an oiling device for keeping the rod lubricated : guides are also provided for the blades as they move back and forth, to prevent any motion sideways. Many minor improvements have been made in the con- struction, and the machine is built in a most substantial and accurate manner throughout, making it without question the best built Folder in the market. All parts operate with ease and rapidity, allowing the highest practical speed to be maintained. For folding extra long cuts, or for heavy or fluffy goods, we have a Patent Automatic Drop Centre Attachment, which lowers the centre of the table in a positive manner by means of a pawl and ratchet mechanism as the folds of cloth are laid under the jaws ; the cloth is thus prevented from rounding up in the middle and so lengthening the folds towards the last end of the cut. As soon as a piece has been folded and taken out, the whole table is readily raised into position again by the foot lever, the same as on the plain machines. This Drop Centre movement is the most com- plete and easy working device for the purpose, and renders our machine the most reliable and accurate Folder for this class of work. These Folders are also made with a curved cloth apron and nip-rolls on the upper part of the machine, over the back shaft, if desired, while for bleached or starched goods the cloth is usually fed in from the front side over the head of the operator, as shown on opposite page. The machines are built for different widths of goods, and to fold in J^-yard, i-yard, i-metre, i^-yard, or i i^-yard folds, as required. Also Shifting Machines, which maybe changed from one length of fold to another in a few minutes. See "Floor Plan and Notes" for floor space required, sizes and speeds of pulleys, and production. Atlanta, Ga., STUART W. CRAMER, Charlotte, N. C Curtis & Marble Cloth Room Machinery, Continued. Cloth Folding Machine, (With High Front Frame.) This represents our Improved Cloth Folding and Measur- ing Machine, as generally arranged for bleached or starched goods, etc., with High Front Frame to feed the cloth in over the head of the operator, for which we claim many advan- tages not found in other machines. Otherwise this folder is similar to the one with low back frame, described on a pre- ceding page. The Folders are also made with a Low Back Frame and Curved Cloth Scray back of the machine for ordinary brown goods, etc., or the Cloth Scray and Nip Rolls may be placed on the upper part of the machine over the cam shaft. The machines are built for different widths of goods, and to fold in J^-yard,. i-yard, i-metre, i^-yard, or i>£-yard folds, as required. Also Shifting Machines, which may be changed from one length of fold to another in a few min- utes. See " Floor Plan and Notes " for floor space required, sizes and speeds of pulleys, and production. 290 Atlanta, Ga., STUART W. CRAMER, Charlotte, N. C. Curtis & Marble Cloth Room Machinery, Continued* Floor Plans and Notes. The following floor plans are all based on goods 40" wide. The floor space for 50'' or 60" machines would therefore be approximately 10" or 20" wider than that given in the cuts, with a few inches added to allow for wider faced pulleys which are often used on wider machines. In some instances also the space occupied from front to back would be more for wider machines. The cuts as shown, however, will no doubt answer for all ordinary purposes, and also serve as a guide in estimating floor spaces required by similar machines of different speci- fications. Particular attention is called to the notes under each cut which give the usual technical data pertaining to sizes and speeds of pulleys, production of the different machines, and general remarks pertaining to floor plans and dimensions. 291 Atlanta, Ga., STUART W. CRAMER, Charlotte, N. C. Curtis & Marble Cloth Room Machinery, Continued. 6 8- TIGHT & LOOSE PULLEY ON COUNTERSHAFT 6"X2"220RP.M GIRT e 23 RAILWAY SEWINC MACHINE ff Floor Space for 40" goods, 6'-8" wide by 2'-o" from front to back. The tight and loose pulleys on the countershaft are 6" diam- eter, 2^'' face, and the usual speed is about 220 revolutions per minute ; those on the machine itself are usually run about 500 to 525 revolutions per minute. Production about 20,000 to 30,000 yards per day of ten hours. L.--J4 ^< > § N E ROLLING — UP ROLL 3 fc ifc 25RRILWP.Y SEWING &-ROLLING MRCHINE Floor Space for 40" goods, 6'-io" wide by 3'-8" from front to back. The tight and loose pulleys are 12" diameter, lyi" face, and the usual speed is about 320 revolutions per minute. Production about 20,000 to 30,000 yards per day of ten hours. 292 Atlanta, Ga„ STUART W. CRAMER, Charlotte, N. G Curtis & Marble Cloth Room Machinery, Continued. 3 D js-u)* [::: Z UJ i i= ?■" U I? Id U J (L < J z it New style straight frames with rolling head. Floor Space for 40" goods about 6'-o" wide and 8'-8" from front to back, including the platform 30" wide which sets on the floor in front of the machine Without the platform the distance from front to back is about 6'-2". If necessary the rolling head can be moved up a little closer to the inspecting machine than shown on the drawing. The Friction Clutch Pulley is 12" diameter. 2}4 // face, and the usual speed is about 75 revolutions per minute. Production of 42 yards of cloth per minute when running continuously. 2 93 Atlanta, Ga., STUART W. CRAMER, Charlotte, N. C. Curtis & Marble Cloth Room Machinery, Continued. ! MEASURING ROLL nr iTRETCH ROLL 748 ROLLS With Steam Vapor Cylinder, Stretch Roll, and Adjustable Measuring Attachment. Floor Space for 40" goods, i'-o" wide by 5 / -2 // from front to back. The tight and loose pulleys when the machine is used in- dependently are 14" diameter, 3" face, and when running 270 revolutions per minute will give a Production of 50 yards of cloth per minute. When the Calender Rolling Machine is run in connection with the Brusher, it is driven directly from the Brusher. 294 Atlanta, Ga., STUART "W. CRAMER, Charlotte, N. C. Curtis & Marble Cloth Room Machinery, Continued. n i ai^ \f h t — I l ° I 2. < £ 8 5^ 295 Atlanta, Ga„ STUART W. CRAMER, Charlotte, N. C Curtis & Marble Cloth Room Machinery, Continued. Cotton Brusher and Calender. Cotton Brusher with Emery Rolls, Beaters, Card Rolls and brushes for both sides of the goods, with 7" and 8" Steam Calender Rolling Machine with Steam Vapor Cylinder. Floor Space for 40" goods, 7^-3" wide by 0/-7" from front to back. If Measuring Attachment is used on the Calender Rolling Machine, this adds about 18". If Stretch Roll is used, this adds about 12". If Brusher is used with Rolling Brackets instead of the Calender Rolling Machine, the floor space is from 1' to 3' less from front to back. The tight and loose pulleys are 14" diameter by 3J2" face, and the usual speed is about 400 revolutions per minute. Production about 40 to 60 yards per minute. 296 Atlanta, Ga„ STUART W. CRAMER, Charlotte, N. C. Curtis & Marble Cloth Room Machinery, Continued. =0= n *■ :n 2 £ U j t ra z tl 00 f -*f ^3 *| 297 Atlanta, Ga., STUART W. CRAMER, Charlotte, N. C. Curtis & Marble Cloth Room Machinery, Continued. No. 34 Combined Cotton Shearing and Brush- ing Machine. With Emery Rolls and Beaters in front, Card Rolls, Brushes, and Shear Blades for both sides of goods on top, and Inclined Rolling Brackets at the back side for putting the goods on rolls. Floor Space for 40" goods, about 7'-°" wide by 9/-0" from front to back. If used with Calender Rolling Machine, the floor space is about 3'-o" from front to back. If a Measuring Roll is used on the Calender Rolling Ma- chine, this would add about 18". If the Stretch Roll is used, this would add about 12". On larger machines with additional brushes or shear blades on them, the additional floor space would be about 7" for each additional brush, or 14" for each additional set of shear blades. The tight and loose pulleys on the machine are 14" diam- eter, 3>£" face, usual speed about 400 revolutions per min- ute. Production about 20,000 to 30,000 yards per day of ten hours. 29S Atlanta, Ga., STUART W. CRAMER, Charlotte, N. C. Curtis & Marble Cloth Room Machinery, Continued. Floor Space of two burner Singer for 40" goods, 8'-o" from front to back by 7'-2" wide. Three and four burner Singers, n'-6" from front to back, by 7'-2" wide. The tight and loose pulleys are 14" diameter, 3j4" or 4" face, speed 200 revolutions per minute. Production of 40 yards of cloth per minute. 299 Atlanta, Ga., STUART W. CRAMER, Charlotte, N. C. Curtis & Marble Cloth Room Machinery, Continued. U z n o: U hi d D k--t- UJ I ~ ^ < d D cr w d u Q ° * U q: m o J J. HID anOJ* H3J.N3D !^-M For Floor Space, Speed, Production, etc., see page 301. 300 Atlanta, Ga., STUART W. CRAMER, Charlotte, N. C. Curtis & Marble Cloth Room Machinery, Continued, Folder Data. Folder, to fold i yard folds, with low back frame and curved apron for the cloth : Floor Space for 40" goods, 5'-7~ "wide by io'-3" from back to front. For \% yd. folds, add about 12" from front to back. The tight and loose pulleys are 10" diameter, 2^" face, and the usual speed is about 250 revolutions per minute, which will give a Production of 75 yards of cloth per minute. Folder, to fold 1 yard folds, with high front frame to feed the goods in over the head of the operator : Floor Space for 40'' goods, 5'-7" wide by io'-8" from front to back. Machine to fold x% yard folds, add about 12" from front to back. The tight and loose pulleys are \o" diameter, 2^" face, and when running 250 revolutions per minute will give a Production of 75 yards of cloth per minute. See "Floor Plan" on page 302. 301 Atlanta, Ga., STUART W. CRAMER, Charlotte, N. C. Curtis & Marble Cloth Room Machinery, Continued. z L or LxJ CL ft a. ~ $ D ltno QnOJjoy9iN33 :d lu z in < nop LI o D L For Floor Space, Speeds, Production, etc., see page 301. 302 Atlanta, Ga., STUART W. CRAMER, Charlotte, N. C. MAXIM GAS MACHINES. Fig. 1. Gas lighting in textile mills has been practically aban- doned. Electricity is the only thing used nowadays. At the same time, gas is occasionally required for singeing ma- chines in finishing yarns or cloth. The best machine for this purpose is undoubtedly the Maxim. The special feat- ures claimed for it are as follows : (i). Perfect uniformity in density and pressure. (2) Entire absence of smoke or smell. (3). For lighting purposes plain open burners can be used requiring no adjusting apparatus ; and Welsbach burners will give as satisfactory results as with coal gas. (4). Its construction complies with regulations of the leading Fire Underwriters. (5). The light is equal to that of the best coal gas. (6). There is no accumulation of gasoline which will not evaporate, and the same quantity of gas is produced until the gasoline is consumed. By referring to the accompanying cuts, the following description will make clear the construction and operation of the machine. 3°3 Atlanta, Ga., STUART W. CRAMER, Charlotte, N. C. Maxim Gas Machines, Continued. Fig. 2. Fig. I shows the machine in perspective. Fig. 2 is a sec- tional view. The vertical cylinder is a common gas holder of sheet brass. It is 36 inches in diameter for a thousand burner machine. The operative parts of the machine are best shown in the sectional view, Fig. 2, which represents the portion of the machine called the injector. A is a steam chamber supplied with twenty or more pounds of steam through the pipe K. B is the gasoline supply pipe, and C the air supply. D is an index regulating the flow of the gas- oline valve. The operation is as follows : Steam being in a chamber A, the descent of the holder opens the valve M, and allows the steam to escape through the jet L. This pro- duces a partial vacuum at L, and draws in air at C. The air and steam pass with great rapidity through the tube G. The action of the air and steam produces another partial vacuum at N, which draws in gasoline through the pipe B. The adjustment of the opening is such that the steam draws in the proper quantity of air to make the quality of gas desired. The heat of the steam is taken up by the refrigeration caused by the evaporation of the gasoline, so that at E a compound of carburretted air and cold water is produced. The short piece of tube F presents the curious phenomenon of being a hot retort (at a) and a cold condenser (at b). The supply of gasoline is regulated by the valve D. The dash pot H pre- vents a too rapid action of the valve T. The gas is regulated to a density and pressure to suit the burners used, and when once adjusted does not vary in its quality. 304 Atlanta, Ga„ STUART W. CRAMER, Charlotte, N. C, Maxim Gas Machines, Concluded. Technical Data. Parties desiring gas machines for singeing purposes should give the estimated consumption of their burners and the number used. Any size storage tank can be used in connection with the machine, as the gasoline is conducted directly from the stor- age tank to the machine. Six gallons of gasoline are estimated to furnish 1,000 cubic feet of gasoline gas, which is the equivalent of a like quan- tity of coal gas. The two sizes of these machines that seem best adapted to the cotton mill trade are embodied in the following table : Size Number Capacity in Cu. Feet of Gas. Dimensions of Room Required. of Machine. Width. Length. Height. No. 2 No. 3 2500 5000 6 ft. 7 ft. 9 ft. 13 ft. 9 ft. 12 ft. Note : — The dimensions give ample room to get around all parts of the ma- chine. 305 Atlanta, Ga., STUART "W. CRAMER, Charlotte, N. G BUSHNELL PRESSES. (For Baling Cloth and Yarn,) First Class Cloth Baling Presses. The term "First Class" applies to our all iron and steel presses. It is a well known fact that there is nothing equal to a double knuckle jointed Press, where both power and rapid work are required. The above cuts represent our heaviest type of press with the follower both down and up to show the relative amount of piling room. This machine is specially designed for heavy work and adapted to baling goods for export, finishing ginghams, for use in print works, bleacheries, etc. These presses are also made inverted when desired ; it works as well in every respect as when standing up in the ordinary way. The belts and working parts are below the floor, the follower moving up as in hydraulic presses. The extra cost of an inverted press is about 10$. 306 Atlanta, Ga., STUART "W. CRAMER, Charlotte, N. C. Bushnell Presses, Continued. First Class Cloth Baling Presses, Style M, Our Style M. Press is the lighter type of our all iron and steel presses. Hydraulic Baling Presses. We also make Hydraulic Presses for baling and finishing purposes. They are supplied in the same sizes and pressure as our other first class presses ; we furnish either 'power or steam hydraulic pumps to work with them. 307 Atlanta, Ga., STUART W. CRAMER, Charlotte, N. C. Bushnell Presses, Continued* First Class Presses. Dimensions, Etc. Distance Distance Piling Move- Style of No. of Between Across Room for ment of Tons Press. Press. Rods. Bed. Goods. Follower Pressure. Inches. Inches. Inches. Inches. M i 42 24 65 37 75 M i-A 42 30 65 37 75 M 2 48 24 65 37 75 M 2-A 48 30 65 37 75 M 3 54 24 65 37 75 M M 3-A 4 54 30 30 24 65 37 75 M 4-A 30 30 These columns refer 100 M 5 36 24 to Baling Presses only 100 M 5- A 36 30 M 6 42 24 72 44 100 M 6-A 42 30 72 44 100 M 7 48 24 72 44 100 M 7-A 48 30 72 44 100 M 8 54 24 72 44 100 M 8- A 54 30 72 44 100 M 9 60 24 72 44 100 M 9- A 60 3° 72 44 100 10 3§ 24 150 io-A 36 30 150 ii 42 24 72 44 150 n-A 42 3° 72 44 150 12 48 24 72 44 150 I2-A 48 3° 72 44 150 13 54 24 72 44 !5° 13-A 54 3° 72 44 W 14 60 24 72 44 150 14-A 60 30 72 44 15° 15 66 24 72 44 150 15- A 66 30 72 44 150 17 42 24 72 44 200 18 42 30 72 44 200 !9 42 36 72 44 200 20 48 24 72 44 200 21 48 3° 72 44 200 23 .48 36 72 44 200 25 54 24 72 44 200 26 54 3° 72 44 200 27 54 36 72 44 200 28 60 24 72 44 200 29 60 30 72 44 200 30 60 36 72 44 200 31 66 24 72 44 200 32 66 30 72 44 200 33 66 36 72 44 200 34 72 24 72 44 200 35 72 30 72 44 200 36 72 36 72 44 200 30S Atlanta, Ga., STUART W. CRAMER, Charlotte, N. C Bushnell Presses, Continued. First Class Presses. (Concluded.) Dimensions, Etc. Distance Distance Piling Move- Style of No. of Between Across Room for ment of Tons Press. Press. Rods. Bed. Goods. Follower. Pressure. Inches. Inches. Inches. Inches. M 1 37 48 30 72 44 250 M 3S 48 36 72 44 250 M 39 54 30 72 44 250 M 40 54 36 72 44 250 M 41 60 30 72 44 250 M 42 Ao 36 72 44 250 45 48 30 72 44 300 46 48 36 72 44 300 47 48 42 72 44 300 48 54 30 72 44 300 49 54 36 72 44 300 50 54 42 72 44 300 51 60 30 72 44 300 52 60 36 72 44 300 53 60 42 72 44 300 54 66 30 72 44 300 55 66 36 72 44 300 56 66 42 72 44 300 57 72 30 72 44 300 58 72 36 72 44 300 59 72 42 72 44 300 81 48 36 70 43 400 82 48 42 70 43 400 83 4S 48 70 43 400 85 54 36 70 43 400 86 54 42 70 43 400 87 54 48 70 43 400 89 60 36 70 43 400 90 60 42 70 43 400 9i 60 4 S 70 43 400 105 48 36 500 106 48 42 500 107 48 AS 500 109 54 36 500 110 54 42 Figures in 500 in 54 48 these columns 500 113 60 36 refer to Baling 500 K 4 60 42 Presses only. 500 115 60 48 500 309 Atlanta, Ga., STUART W. CRAMER, Charlotte, N. G Bushnell Presses, Continued. Third Class Baling Presses, The above cut represents our Third Class Baling Press. The head, follower, and bed beams are made from selected timber, finished in varnish on the natural wood. The work- ing parts are of the same quality as those used on our First Class Presses. While these presses are not so powerful as the all iron presses of the same size, they have the merit of being somewhat less expensive, and where light pressures only are desired, they make a very good substitute. Dimensions, Etc. Distance Distance Piling Move- No. of Between Across Room for ment of Tons Press. Rods. Bed. Goods. Follower. Pressure. Inches. Inches. Inches. Inches. 391 42 24 55 29 70 392 48 24 55 29 70 393 54 24 55 29 70 395 42 24 65 37 70 396 48 24 65 37 70 397 54 24 65 37 70 39« 60 28 65 37 70 401 42 24 73 44 70 402 4» 24 73 44 70 403 54 28 73 44 70 404 60 28 73 44 70 405 66 28 73 44 70 415 42 24 73 44 100 416 48 24 73 44 TOO 417 54 24 73 44 IOO 418 60 28 73 44 100 419 66 28 73 44 100 420 72 28 73 44 IOO 422 48 30 73 44 150 423 54 30 73 44 150 424 60 3° 73 44 150 310 Atlanta, Ga., STUART W. CRAMER, Charlotte, N. C. Bushnell Presses, Continued. Combined Cloth and Yarn Presses. The above cut shows a Third Class Press designed for baling yarn, cotton waste, etc., and which can also be utilized for baling cloth. This press is especially adapted for mills making both cloth and yarn. The baling box can be opened entirely out of the way, leaving the press available for baling cloth. Instead of the baling box swinging open, we can make a less expensive box of which the sides and ends drop. Of course, it is not so convenient, however, as the other type. Dimensions, Etc. a a a a a , V 05 1* Cu m « «8 03 C/J w 1) rt "i3 .A ■3^ a g° 3 to S ^ m V "3 <-> 01 J3 c „ a — a " " Hoi E£ JI- fc M c V TS " 353 24 24 20 tO 24 220 tO 270 48 44 70 354 24 36 18 to 26 300 to 425 54 44 70 355 24 36 18 to 26 325 to 450 54 44 100 356 24 42 20 tO 26 375 to 500 60 44 100 3S7 24 48 24 to 30 500 to 675 66 44 100 358 30 3° 30 to 36 500 to 625 54 44 100 359 30 36 30 to 36 600 to 725 60 44 100 360 30 42 34 to 40 800 to 950 66 44 150 311 Atlanta, Ga., STUART W. CRAMER, Charlotte, N. C. Bushnell Presses, Continued. Power Attachments. Two classes of attachments are furnished with these presses. Each has three pulleys, one fast and two loose, requiring two belts, one to run the press up, the other to run it down. Ordinarily a driving chain is used to connect the power attachment to the press ; when very rapid work is required of light pressure presses, a belt and pulleys can be substi- tuted for chain and sprocket gears. The No. 2 power attachment is similar to the No. i, except it has in addition gears and an extra shaft for increasing the power of the press for heavy work. This attachment is used without gears for driving presses style M, No. 37 to 59 inclu- sive ; and with gears for driving presses No. 81 to 115 inclu- sive. Size of Pulleys on Power Attachments are as follows: p ■v .; u V Size of Pulleys. 01 Pi '"-' < First Class, Cloth 75 No. 1 \ >2t3 200 Third Class, Cloth 100 & 150 No. 1 — VTv " 250 Cloth & Yarn, Combined 70 No. 1 3 S\ \" 3 2\ N - A "v "Kb 200 Cloth & Yarn, Combined 100 & 150 No. 1 250 In the Diagrams on the following page : H=Piling Room for Goods. L=Distance between Rods. W=Distance across Bed. The above lettered dimensions representing height, length and width available for use in these presses, can readily be taken from the foregoing tables pertaining to the different styles. 3*2 Atlanta, Ga., STUART W. CRAMER, Charlotte, N. C. Bushnell Presses, Continued. COs g> 3T3 Atlanta, Ga., STUART W. CRAMER, Charlotte, N. C. Bushnell Presses, Continued. Hand Baling Press for Waste. This press is specially designed for handling cotton waste, and can be located in either the waste house or the cotton warehouse, for no power is required to operate it. It makes a neat, firm bale, that is much more conveniently handled than waste in sacks would be. It is made in two grades : The *« Common " grade is made with hard wood posts, sills sills, beams, follower, and levers. The 24" x 48" is the size of this press most frequently used. The «« Special " style of this press is made of hard lumber, with heavier posts, follower, beam, and levers, and with new pattern and heavier racks and forgings. The sizes usually sold of this are 24" x 48", 24" x 54", and 30" x 60". 3H Atlanta, Ga., STUART W. CRAMER, Charlotte, N. G Bushnell Presses, Concluded. Hand Presses. Dimensions and Floor Space. 24x48 inch Common Press is 5 ft. 4 in. x 3 ft. 8 in. 24x54 inch Common Press is 5 ft. 10 in. x 3 ft. 8 in. 24x54 inch Special Press is 6 ft. x 3 ft. 10 in. Height of press usually 9 ft. If wanted for low studded room, give height desired when ordering. Usual height of sides is 4 feet 3 inches — can be made 5 feet to 6 feet if desired. One person with a 24x48 inch press can make a bale 2x4 feet, weighing about 500 pounds. Standard Sizes. COMMON. SPECIAL. Size in inches. c ize in inches. 21 x 36 21 x 42 21 x 48 24 x 42 24 x 48 24 X54 27 x 48 27x54 30 X48 24 x 48 24 x 54 24 x 60 27 x 48 27 X54 27 x 60 30 x 48 30 x 54 30 x 60 315 Atlanta, Ga., STUART "W. CRAMER, Charlotte, N. C. LIDDELL YARN PRESS. This Press is known to the trade as the Daisy Yarn and Warp Press. It is the best known and most widely used screw power type of Press, and is specially adapted to the use of small yarn mills. The principle consists in the use of the tensile or pulling strength of the screws, the ratio of which to the pushing strength is as 34 to 16. The pulley can be driven from the main shaft, the Press being moved up or down, or allowed to run idle by means of a direct and positive clutch arrangement, which has been successfully tested on all our Presses. When it is desired to use the Open Press, the doors and box can be easily re- moved without disturbing the other parts and extra platens are furnished for the open bales. 316 Atlanta, Ga., STUART W. CRAMER, Charlotte, N. G Liddell Yarn Press, Concluded. U ri J ■ I k 4-1Di Floor Plan. Specifications of Yarn and Warp Press. Height over all in feet, g}4 Depth of Box in feet, 4^ Length of Box in feet, 3 Width of Box in feet, 2 Size of Pulley in inches 20x6 Usual number of revolutions of Pulley 200 Weight in pounds, about 2500 317 Atlanta, Ga., STUART W. CRAMER, Charlotte, N. C. Preface to Sections IL, IIL, and IV. The preceding pages cover the textile machinery ordi- narily installed in a yarn or cloth mill on plain work. The additional machinery required for dyeing and special finishing will be found in Section HI. Section II. includes sundry and miscellaneous equipment and power plants. Section IV. contains general technical and miscellaneous information, with notes on Cotton Manufacturing, Mill Engineering, etc. 3^8 Atlanta, Ga., STUART W. CRAMER, Charlotte, N. C. APPENDIX and Table of Contents. 318 a Atlanta, Ga„ STUART W. CRAMER, Charlotte, N. C. The Whitin Silk: Loom. This loom is designed for weaving fine cotton or silk dress goods. It is fitted with a horizontal dobby of 36 harness capacity, Owen beam lock,- Bartlett let-off, Draper thick and thin place preventor, and Owen high cloth roll motion with direct wind. The Whitin Dobby. The above cut illustrates the Whitin dobby applied to a Whitin loom. In ordering dobbies to fit looms already in- stalled, the customer should give the date the looms were made, if possible, and also state the pattern numbers of the loom sides.- Double arches have to be furnished in all cases. 318b Atlanta, Ga., STUART W. CRAMER, Charlotte, N. C. The Whitin Gingham Loom. This loom is particularly adapted for weaving ginghams, cottonades and plaids. It has the ordinary cam harness mo- tion consisting of a short auxiliary cam shaft geared to the main cam shaft so that two, three, four, five, or six shed work may be woven. The box motion is the well-known Crompton motion • for four shuttle boxes on one end of lathe and one on the other end. The shuttle boxes are carried positively into their proper positions by means of sliding gears, and eccentrics combined with a lifting lever, motion being imparted to the sliding gears by a mutilated gear operated from the main cam shaft. The changing of the boxes is accomplished by means of a connection between the sliding gears and pattern chain mechanism A break-down motion is provided to pre- vent any damage to the shuttle boxes or box motion due to a picker sticking or a shuttle failing to enter a box. The pat- tern chain mechanism is fastened to the arch and is driven by suitable connection with main cam shaft. A simple "multiplier" motion for reducing the length -of pattern chain may also be used in connection with the pattern chain motion. This loom may be made of various standard widths, with either standard or Ponemah sides, and "fitted with any let-off or take-up motion desired. A friction pulley is generally preferred for driving this loom, but tight and loose pulleys may be had if desired. 318 c Atlanta, Ga„ STUART W. CRAMER, Charlotte, N. C. The New Whitin Eight-Head Comber. The above cut illustrates the new Whitin eight-head comber. The advantages in favor of such a machine with eight heads instead of six, are obvious, — not to mention the fact that the new comber takes laps io>£" instead of 8%"'. Otherwise the description for the six-head comber on pages 75-81 applies as well to the eight-head machine as to the one with six heads. Woonsocket Roving- Frames. (The New Center Lift.) The above cut illustrates the new method of driving lift- ing shaft. It will be noticed that instead of driving at the head end direct to the lifting shaft, as formerly done, the power is now taken from about the center of the frame, therefore balancing the strain on the lifting shaft. 3 i8d Atlanta, Ga., STUART W. CRAMER, Charlotte, N. C. Foster Close Winder* The above cut illustrates the new Foster Close Winder.* The Foster people advocate close winders only for certain classes of work, maintaining that the majority of the hosiery yarn trade prefers the open wind for the soft yarns they use. Attachments can be applied to the above machine to wind any length of cone from \" to 6 // traverse ; the 2*4" traverse machines have two tubes on one spindle, and the 2" traverse have three tubes on one spindle. The driving pulley is 8" diameter by 1" face, making 500 revolutions per minute. a ,■-, c ,-, : --=£ c ) 3 3 r -. c c ) . O -=* =E :=C :: -=C :=£ i L ,- -. S& 6=* 6== En* B== The above diagram shows the floor space required for one gang of six spindles ; these machines are both constructed and shipped in gangs of six spindles ; they are, however, so constructed that there can be any number of gauss to one frame, all being driven from the head by one driving pulley. 3 iSe Atlanta, Ga., STUART W. CRAMER, Charlotte, N. C. Table of contents. Volume I, Section I. Announcement v. Preface vi-vii. Summary of Contents, Volumes I., II., and II! viii. Kitson Picking Machinery 10- 45 Whitin Revolving Flat Cards 46- 66 Whitin Combing Machinery 67- 81 See also Appendix. Whitin Railway Heads 82-87 Whitin Drawing Frames 88- 97 Woonsocket Slubbing, Intermediate, Roving and Jack Frames 98-T25 Whitin Gravity Spindles 126-130 Whitin Ring Spinning Frames I3i -I 55 Mule Production Tables , 156-157 Draper's Table Breaking Strength of Yarns 158 Makepeace's Table Breaking Strength of Yarns.'. 159 Whitin Spoolers 160-164 Whitin Wet and Dry Twisters 165-181 Weeks Banding Machine 182 Cole Automatic Banding Machine , 183 Whitin Reels 184-190 Universal Winders " 191-199 Foster Winders 200-203 See also Appendix. Franklin Ball Winders 204-205 Whitin Long Chain Qu illers 206-209 Entwistle Warpers and Beamers 210-219 Textile-Finishing Machinery Co.'s Slashing and Sizing Machinery. 220-229 Slasher Ventilating Outfits See Volume III. Drawing-in Frames 230 Whitin Looms 231-263 Whitin Dobbies 238-239 See also - Appendix. Northrop Loom 264-271 . Curtis & Marble Cloth Room and Finishing Machinery 272-302 Maxim Gas Machines 3°3 _ 3°5 Bushnell Presses 306-315 Liddell Yarn Presses S 16 ^ 1 ? Appendix. Whitin Silk Loom 318b Whitin Dobby Applied to Whitin Loom 318b Whitin Gingham Loom • 318c Whitin 8-Head Comber 3i§d Woonsocket " Center Lift," 3i8d Foster Close Winder 3i8e AUG i'Uli 3 i8f