H OO / Association P55 P6 opy 1 THE PUBLIC SCHOOLS OF PHILADELPHIA COMPLIMENTS OF THE Public Education Association OF Philadelphia February 1913 TABLE OF CONTENTS The Board of Public Education 3 Department of Instruction 5 Department of Buildings 6 Department of Supplies 6 Boards of School Visitors 7 Office of the Secretary of the Board 7 Finances 8 Physical Plant 10 Free Text-Books and Supplies 11 Instruction .'. . 12 Salary Schedule 13 Teachers ' Eetirement Fnnd 14 Normal Training Schools 15 High Schools 16 Trades Schools 17 Elementary Schools 19 Kindergartens 19 Evening Schools 20 Special Schools and Classes 21 Medical Inspection 22 Compulsory Attendance 24 Music 25 Drawing 26 Manual .Training 26 Household .Economy . 27 Physical' Training 28 Playgrounds 30 School Gardens 31 Social Centers 32 Public Lectures 33 Libraries 34 School Lunches 35 Directory 37 THE PUBLIC SCHOOLS OF PHILADELPHIA PUBLISHED BY THE Local Committee on Arrangements FOR THE Department of Superintendence of the National Education Association PHILADELPHIA February 24-March I, 1913 gut '•JAUG f$ Organization of the Philadelphia School System Under the Code, passed May 18, 1911 THE BOARD OF PUBLIC EDUCATION Number of members Fifteen. Appointed by Judges of Courts of Common Pleas. Term Six Years. Meetings Monthly. Duties and Powers (Code, Section 401) "The board of school directors in'*every school district in this Commonwealth shall establish, equip, furnish and maintain a sufficient number of elementary public schools in compliance with the provisions of this Act to educate every person residing in such district between the ages of six and twenty-one years who may attend, and may es- tablish, equip, furnish and maintain the following additional schools or departments for the education and recreation of persons residing in said district, which said additional schools or departments when established shall be an integral part of the public school system in such school district and shall be so administered, namely: "High Schools, Manual Training Schools, Vocational Schools, Domestic Science Schools, Agricultural Schools, Evening Schools, Kindergartens, Libraries, Reading Rooms, Museums, Gymnasiums, Playgrounds, Schools for Blind, Deaf and Mentally Deficient; Truant Schools, Parental Schools, Schools for Adults, Public Lectures; "Together with such other schools or educational depart- ments as they in their wisdom may see proper to establish." Officers of the Board President — Henry R. Edmunds. Vice-President — Simon Gratz. Secretary — William Dick. Assistant Secretary — Edward Merchant. 292 City Hall. Superintendent of Schools — Martin G. Brumbaugh. 695 City Hall. Superintendent of Buildings — J. Horace Cook. 2242 Land Title Building. Superintendent of Supplies — Andrew F. Hammond. 394 City Hall. School Treasurer — Murrell Dobbins. School Controller — John M. Walton. Receiver of School Taxes — Hugh Black. Solicitor — John G. Johnson. Assistant Solicitor — Edward Merchant. Standing Committees Elementary Schools. Special Schools. Normal School, High Schools for Girls, and Qualification of Teachers. High Schools for Boys. Property. Supplies and Text-Books. Finance. By-Laws and Rules. Additional Combined Committees Elementary Schools and Special Schools. Normal School, High Schools for Girls, and Qualification of Teachers, and High Schools for Boys. Property and Supplies and Text-Books. DEPARTMENT OF INSTRUCTION Superintendent of Schools Martin G. Brumbaugh Chairman of Board of Superintendents 695 City Hall Associate Superintendents 696 City Hall Buildings and Equipment, Text-Books and Supplies, and School Organization William C. Jacobs. Teachers and School Government John P. Garber. Higher Schools and Courses of Study George Wheeler. Forms, Reports and Special Activities Oliver P. Cornman. Board of Examiners Superintendent of Schools, Chairman George W. Flounders, Secretary and Chief Examiner 696 City Hall Directors of Special Branches Music Enoch W. Pearson, Hollingsworth School. Drawing William A. Mason, 692 City Hall. Household Economy Mary Wright, 694 City Hall. Physical Education William A. Stecher, 694 City Hall. Kindergartens Anna W. Williams, 692 City Hall. District Superintendents District District 1. —William L. Welsh. 6.— Charles H. Brelsford. 2. — Louis Nusbaum. 7. — William W. Brown. 3. — Samuel L. Chew. 8. — Holman White. 4. — Theo. L. MacDowell. 9. — Milton C. Cooper. 5. — Albert H. Raub. 10. — Robert L. Burns. Compulsory Education Bureau Chief — Henry J. Gideon 1522 Cherry Street Department of Medical Inspection Under supervision of Department of Public Health and Charities. Chief Medical Inspector — Walter S. Cornell. M. D. 729 City Hall Head Nurse — E. Louise Johnson 1522 Cherry Street Pedagogical Library Librarian — Ada F. Liveright 696 City Hall DEPARTMENT OF BUILDINGS Superintendent of Buildings 2242 Land Title Building 2 Assistants to Superintendent. 1 Superintendent of janitor service and heating plants. 2 Assistants. 1 Chief draughtsman, 1 assistants. 1 Chief inspector, 4 assistants. 1 Photographer and general assistant. 3 Clerks. DEPARTMENT OF SUPPLIES Superintendent of Supplies 394 City Hall 1 Assistant superintendent. 1 Foreman and storekeeper, one assistant. 1 Assistants. 3 Inspectors. 7 Clerks. Open book list of some 5,000 items, enabling principals to make selection at will for requisition purposes. BOARDS OF SCHOOL VISITORS Forty-seven boards of school visitors, one representing each ward in the city, consist of seven members each, elected within the ward. They are organized with a presi- dent and a secretary, with powers as stated in the Code (Section 2208): "The boards of school visitors in each ward district shall, at least once every three months, visit all the public elemen- tary schools therein and inspect the same. They shall with- out delay call the attention of the board of school directors of the district, or its appropriate executive officer, to every matter requiring official action. They shall make at least once every three months a written report to the board of public education of the district, respecting the condition of the schools and the needs of the ward district, especially in regard to the number, kind, equipment and efficiency of the schools and school buildings." OFFICE OF SECRETARY OF THE BOARD This is the executive office for the Board of Public Edu- cation. The present organization is: A Secretary. An Assistant Secretary. 6 Clerks. 3 Stenographers. The assistant secretary is also assistant school solicitor. In this department there are three notice servers and one lien clerk. This office is the clearing house of information for all committees of the Board, as well as for other departments. The secretary or his assistant acts as secretary for all com- mittee meetings of the Board. Each year a hand book of the public schools and a statistical report are prepared by this office. FINANCES Under the School Code the Board of Public Education levies an annual school tax of not less than five nor more than six mills on the dollar of the total assessment of all property within the district. Permanent Loan It may create a permanent loan in order to purchase sites, or to erect, enlarge, equip, furnish, repair or rebuild, any school building, provided the total indebtedness incurred shall not exceed two per cent, of the total assessed value of the taxable property in the school district. Temporary Loan It may create a temporary loan of two-tenths of one per cent, of the total valuation of taxable property in the district. State Appropriation It receives a state appropriation, one-half based on the number of paid teachers regularly employed, and one-half on the number of children between the ages of six and six- teen residing in the district. School Budget At or before the time of levying the annual school taxes, the Board of Public Education must certify to the school controller of the district an estimate of the expenditures for the current fiscal year. No funds may be used for any other purpose than that specified, except by resolution of the Board of School Directors, receiving the affirmative vote of two-thirds of the members. On October 8, 1912, it was agreed that all permanent improvements should thereafter be provided for out of loans issued for said purposes, the annual revenue of the Board being left for maintenance and instruction. S Receipts and Expenditures for 1912. In 1912 the receipts from the above items amounted to: Taxes $7,056,598.03 State Appropriation 963,432.58 Temporary Loan 500,000.00 Miscellaneous 86,9 1 2.43 $8,606,943.04 Disbursements: Salaries of Supervising Prin- cipals and Teachers, Ele- mentary Schools $3,698,044.44 Salaries of Supervising Prin- cipals and Teachers, High Schools 842,711.01 Salaries of Engineers and Janitors 442,787.21 Administration Salaries . . 374,278.20 Permanent Improvements (Sites and Buildings) . . . 1,588,767.76 Payments on Loans 559,420.00 Operating and all other Ex- penses 1,052,582.80 $8,558,591.42 Cost per Pupil (Based on average number belonging) Maintenance Instruction Total Elementary schools $4.57 $22.07 $26.64 Higher schools 1 7.02 77.90 94.92 High and elementary 5.35 25.57 30.92 Evening schools 75 8.84 9.59 Playgrounds 27 .43 .70 School gardens 3.01 9.09 1 2. 1 PHYSICAL PLANT In the school district of Philadelphia there are: 292 Elementary school buildings. 1 6 Buildings rented for elementary schools. 7 High school buildings. 1 High school annexes. The Superintendent of Buildings must be an engineer or architect of good standing. He must submit all plans of buildings and repairs to the Superintendent of Schools for criticism. All phases of work that enter into the preparation of plans, designs, specifications, and details, and the super- intendence of all construction in connection with the erec- tion of new buildings, the repair, alteration, and additions to old buildings, and the installation of equipment, devolve upon the Department of Buildings. Under this department is placed also the examination of all applicants for the position of janitors, janitors' assistants, engineers, and fire- men, the appointment of the successful candidates, and the maintenance and care of all school buildings and school School Buildings Under the School Code of 1911 (Section 622): "All school buildings two or more stories high hereafter erected or leased in any school district of the first class in this Commonwealth shall be of fire-proof construction." All doors of entrance into any building, class-room, or cloak- room, must be made to open outward. Within the last five years thirty-four new elementary school buildings have been erected, at an average cost of $200,000 per building. Each of these buildings is of fire- proof construction, and contains mechanical systems of heating and ventilation, assuring thirty cubic feet of fresh air per minute per pupil. 10 All buildings erected within the last two years contain humidifying systems, whereby the air is washed before pass- ing over the heaters and fans. The standard size of class-rooms is 24 x 30 feet, with a clear ceiling height of 1 3 feet, 6 inches. Each room is lighted by unilateral lighting to the proportion of one square foot of glass to each three and one-half square feet of floor space. Assembly rooms are formed by means of throwing together from three to five class-rooms on each floor. FREE TEXT-BOOKS AND SUPPLIES "The system of providing free text-books for the children is almost a century old in America, having been inaugurated by Philadelphia in 1618." — Report on Public School Systems in 48 States, Russell Sage Foundation. Pennsylvania is one of twelve states which have free text-books throughout the public elementary schools, and in most cases in the high schools as well. The effect in Philadelphia not only of free text-books but of free supplies as well has been conclusively shown, in prolonging the school life of the child, in making the adoption of new text-books easier, in securing the uniformity of books, and in lowering the cost of school books to the community. Cost of Free Text-Books and Supplies per Pupil: Higher schools $4.21 Grammar schools 1.95 Primary schools 85 Kindergarten 55 Special classes 90 11 DEPARTMENT OF INSTRUCTION June 30, 1912 Superintendents, Directors and Supervising Principals Assistants to Superintendents and Directors, and Teachers Secre- taries and Clerks Total Men Women Total Men Women Total Total 16 3 1 8 76 16 5 1 8 180 19 1 16 17 103 35 47 2 7 34 250 215 34 4 306 3928 41 38 556 4143 55 581 104 4426 Total 104 106 210 506 4272 4778 156 5144 Total, June 30, 1911 103 106 209 473 4116 4589 131 4929 Examinations for teaching positions are under a board of examiners, consisting of the Superintendent of Schools as chairman and a chief examiner as secretary, assisted by the associate superintendents, and the principals and heads of departments in high schools, and the district superintend- ents in the elementary schools. Graduates from the Philadelphia Normal School or the Philadelphia School of Pedagogy enter the teaching corps on certificate. Appointments are made from the first three of an eligible list established for each grade or class of position; namely, primary, grammar, special class, evening school, supervising principal, high school, as well as for clerical assistant, attendance officer, school nurse, school physician, playground attendant and assistant. For positions in elementary schools the satisfactory com- pletion of a four years* course of high school or academic grade is required, with a two years* normal course or two years' practical experience as a teacher; while for high school positions a full college course is a preliminary re- quirement. 12 SALARY SCHEDULE Elementary Schools Minimum g^ Maximum Kindergarten $600 $15 $750 Primary Grades 600 30 900 Grammar, Men 800 50 1300 Grammar, Women .. . 700 30 1000 Teaching Principals: Primary 700 30 1100 Unit 800 30 1300 Supervising Principals: Primary 1300 30 1600 Grammar or unit . . 2100 40 2500 Higher Schools Assistant Instructor . $800 Instructor 1250 Assistant Professor . 1500 Professor 2100 Head of Department. 2600 Principal 3500 Men Women to $1000 $600 to $800 " 1450 800 " 1050 " 1900 1200 " MOO " 2500 M 3000 1450 to 1650 M 4500 2000 M 2500 Salaries for sewing teachers increase from $600 to $900; for special classes, cooking classes, and manual training, from $700 to $1,000, although men in shop work may receive $1,300. The regular annual increment is received during the first ten years of teaching, except that the increase for the sixth year must be recommended by the Superintendent. This schedule went into effect January 1, 1913, and means a substantial increase in all departments; $80 per year being added to all elementary school salaries. 13 TEACHERS' RETIREMENT FUND Since the establishment of the Retirement Fund in 1907, 252 teachers, either from physical disability or through age and service, have availed themselves of its privilege. The Retirement Board has accumulated in the permanent invested fund the sum of over $523,269.95. This Board is made up of three members of the Board of Public Education, one member of the Department of Superintendence, and one teacher. All teachers in service under ten years pay to this fund annually one per cent, of their salaries. Those in service ten years or more, two per cent, of their salaries, no pay- ment to exceed $50 per year. The Board of Public Educa- tion appropriates annually $50,000 to this fund. Teachers who have reached the age of sixty years may retire on a full annuity of 50% of their last annual salary after thirty years of service, and those under sixty years of age after establishing disability. Partial annuities are also granted for disability. No annuities shall exceed $1,000 per year. LEWIS ELKIN FUND The Lewis Elkin Fund is a memorial fund established in 1903, which furnishes an annuity of $400 to about two hundred beneficiaries. Those who receive its benefit are unmarried women who have taught regularly in the public day schools of Phila- delphia for at least twenty-five years, who are physically incapacitated for work, and whose income does not exceed $300. 14 NORMAL TRAINING SCHOOLS Girls' Normal School In 1879 the Board of Public Education established a normal course for girls as an additional year to their high school training. In 1893 this course was extended to two years and a separate school was established. At present this school contains 44 teachers and 700 pupils. Connected with the Normal School are three schools of practice, and besides the regular work in these schools, two months of continuous teaching in outside schools is required before graduation. In addition to the regular normal course a kindergarten course and a two years* evening course for playground teachers have been organized. School of Pedagogy For the training of young men as teachers the School of Pedagogy, established in 1891, gives a full two years* course, in addition to the regular four years* work in the high school. There are at present 86 pupils enrolled in this school, and under a recent arrangement each pupil has two months of continuous teaching in the School of Practice before completing his course. Additional Facilities ©utside of the school system there are ample additional facilities for teachers to secure broader training. From 600 to 700 teachers are annually enrolled in the special courses of the University of Pennsylvania, while Temple University enrolls over 300. The majority of those who appear for the supervising principal's examination in Philadelphia have already taken their college degree. 15 HIGH SCHOOLS There are seventeen buildings in Philadelphia used for high school instruction. Of these four are regularly or- ganized high schools for boys, and three for girls, while ten are annexes, of which four are used as district high schools in the outlying sections of Germantown, Kensington, and Frankford. The regularly established high schools are: Established Teacher* Pupils Annexes Central High School (boys) . . 1838 102 2249 3 High School for Girls 1 848 107 2231 3 Northeast High School (boys) . 1 890 54 1 1 89 1 Southern High School (boys) . 1907 41 813 1 Wm. Penn High School (girls). 1909 145 3127 2 W. Phila. High School (boys) .1912 39 903 W. Phila. High School (girls) .1912 31 83 1 Since March 12, 1912, all high schools in Philadelphia have become composite high schools, with full four year courses in manual training and commercial departments, as well as the usual academic work. In three of the schools promotion by subject has recently been introduced. The following scholarships were awarded last year: University of Pennsylvania 108 Bryn Mawr 18 Jefferson Medical College 4 Lehigh University 4 Swarthmore 7 School of Industrial Art 61 Academy of the Fine Arts 60 School of Design for Women 40 Cornell University 13 Harvard University 3 Princeton University 2 Philadelphia College of Pharmacy. . 7 Medico-Chirurgical I Hahnemann Medical College 1 Simon Muhr (various colleges) .... 11 J6 THE TRADES SCHOOL The Philadelphia Trades School was established in Oc- tober, 1906, and was the first trades school in the United States to be organized as a part of the public school system. The aim of the school is the education of artisans rather than the mere teaching of trades. It does not propose to develop finished tradesmen, but to lay a foundation in the building and machinery trades. Courses in the day school cover a period of three years and include instruction in the following branches: English grammar and composition, history of indus- tries, commercial correspondence, commercial law, and bookkeeping. Mathematics, including arithmetic, mensuration, al- gebra, geometry and trigonometry. Physics, electricity and magnetism, the study of materials and industrial chemistry. Drawing, free hand, design, mechanical and archi- tectural. Shop work, including general wood and metal work in the first year, and special work in the trade selected in the second and third year. Half of the time of the student is spent in shop work and half in the study of the related branches. The faculty consists of 14 teachers, and 264 pupils are enrolled in the following trades: Carpentry 13 Architectural drafting 22 Mechanical drafting 40 Electrical construction 112 Pattern making 9 Printing 9 Preparatory classes 59 Total 264 17 EVENING TRADES SCHOOLS Number I — Twelfth and Locust Streets. Number 2 — Howard Street below Girard Avenue. Co-operative and continuation classes in session from 7.30 to 9.30 five evenings in the week, with courses in arithmetic, algebra, physics, bricklaying, carpentry, pattern making, plastering, electrical construction and wiring, architectural and mechanical drafting, house and sign paint- ing, plumbing, printing and sheet metal working. Over 1,000 men are in attendance in the evening classes in the main building and the annex, special work being developed in plumbing and sheet metal work. In these classes each pupil is regularly at work at the trade during the day. Active co-operation between the trade in the city and the school is offered, and the work in the school is part of the apprenticeship agreement. PUBLIC INDUSTRIAL ART SCHOOL Established in 1 880, in order to provide a method of elementary art education and manual training that would be complementary to the regular school curriculum, the Public Industrial Art School offers courses in drawing, designing, clay modeling, wood carving, with special fea- tures such as a systematic sequence of classes, correlation of subjects, memory work and real nature study. All pupils take all branches in rotation, in order to secure co-ordina- tion and manipulative dexterity. Grammar grade pupils attend two hours per week during school time, permission being granted for this purpose on the request of their parents, by the principals of the schools to which they belong. The course extends through two years. On January 1, 1913, the faculty numbered 13 and the number of pupils enrolled was 1,373. IB ELEMENTARY SCHOOLS On January 1, 1913, there were in the Philadelphia system: 220 Elementary school organizations. 292 Buildings. 3,718 Divisions. 170,699 Pupils. 3,765 Grade teachers. Daily sessions are from 9 A. M. to 12 M., and from 1.30 to 3.30 P. M., with 15 minutes for recess in each session. The types of elementary schools have recently been re- organized, so that there are today but three types: the pri- mary, the grammar, and the unit school, the latter con- taining all grades up to the high school. Besides the regular grade work the elementary schools maintain departmental work, manual training centers, cook- ing centers, open-air classes, special classes for backward children, special disciplinary classes, kindergartens, organ- ized playgrounds, social centers and school lunches. Types of these may be found by referring to the directory, page 37. KINDERGARTENS The first kindergartens in this city were established by the Sub-Primary Society in 1879, and were assumed by the Board of Public Education as a regular part of the school system in 1 886. On January 1, 1913, there were 9,100 children on roll, with an average attendance of over 7,000. Kindergarten teachers numbered 241, with an average number belonging of 3 7 children per teacher. There are at present 243 public kindergartens in Philadelphia. Sessions: 201 Morning kindergartens, 9 A. M. to 12 M. 42 Afternoon kindergartens, 1 to 4 P. M. 19 EVENING SCHOOLS The first evening school in Philadelphia was opened in 1850. There are at present: 4 High Schools. 2 Trades Schools. 1 8 Elementary Schools. 24 Principals. 381 Teachers. Cost, per pupil, based on number belonging, $9.59. Cost, per pupil, based on average attendance, $16.03. Sessions, Monday, Tuesday and Wednesday, 7.30 to 9.30 P. M. Nearly three-fourths of the elementary school enroll- ment are foreign born. In the high and trades schools con- ditions are reversed, only about one-eighth of the enroll- ment being foreign born. In the evening high schools stenography, typewriting, bookkeeping, etc., are in greatest demand; drawing has an important place with the men, and household economy with the women. Academic studies, such as language, history, literature, economics, are taken by less than one-quarter of the pupils. Vocational work is by far the most attrac- tive. The aim of the evening schools has been to increase steady attendance. For this purpose a registration fee of 50 cents in the elementary and one dollar in the high schools has been required, though this deposit is returned to all who attend two-thirds of the sessions. The effect has been to lower the registration slightly, but greatly to increase the average attendance. Total Registration Average Attendance Per Cent, of Attendance upon Registration Schools 1911 1912 1911 1912 1911 1912 High 5006 1657 12793 4813 1331 8323 2400 385 3393 2520 395 3537 47.9 39.5 25.7 52.1 51 1 42 6 19456 14467 6178 6452 20 SPECIAL SCHOOLS AND CLASSES These pupils are organized in classes small enough to secure individual instruction, and special attention is given to manual training and other corrective activities. Backward Children The first school for backward children in Philadelphia was established through the cooperation of interested citizens in 1899. It was taken over by the school system in 1901. As the result of a careful investigation of 217 cases selected from over 1,200 cases reported by a committee on backward children in 1910, the special classes for this group have received largely increased attention since that time. Additional classes have been established, more careful medi- cal inspection and treatment is undertaken, and the most improved forms of special care, including a large amount of hand work, are provided. The report of the Superintendent for the year ending 1910 shows thirty-four classes with an enrollment of 608 children, that for 1911 shows forty-five such classes with 799 children, while at present there are fifty-six classes with 1,064 pupils. More than half of all the backward classes are below the third grade; practically none are for grammar grade pupils. The number of pupils from eight to thirteen years old is approximately equal for each year. Disciplinary Classes The statistics of age and grade distribution reported by the special committee on backward children in 1910 show that 95.3% of the boys in the disciplinary classes were over age for grade, and that of 177 boys thirteen years of age or older, not one had reached the seventh grade. During that year twenty-one classes were organized for truants and so-called incorrigible pupils, with an enrollment of 486. In 1912 there were thirty disciplinary classes with 626 pupils. 21 MEDICAL INSPECTION Organization: A Director. 5 Supervisors. 58 Inspectors. 1 Head Nurse. 22 Assistant Nurses. Medical inspection of the public schools in Philadelphia is conducted according to the provisions of the School Code, namely, under the Department of Public Health and Chari- ties, with expense of maintenance by the Board of Public Education. The corps of school nurses is entirely under the Board of Public Education, but because of the necessity of close co-operation with the inspectors it receives professional instructions from the Director of Medical Inspection. The assistant inspectors give the three morning school hours each day to the work, a total of 200 school days of three hours each. The supervisors give their mornings and certain time in the afternoon. The assignment of medical inspectors on this basis gives one inspector for 3,200 school population, and one nurse for 3,000 school population. The budget (approximately $69,000) shows expenditures of 38 cents per annum per child. The report of the department for 1912 shows: Pupils sent to inspectors by teachers 98,1 71 Routine physical examinations 11 1,854 Physical defects recommended for treatment.. 138,092 Proportion of physical defects corrected 45% Vaccinations performed 2,3 1 2 Schools disinfected 335 Children at clinic for mentally deficient 188 Children placed in open-air classes 129 School janitors (applicants physically examined). 32 High School students, competitors in athletic games specially examined 95 Oral Hygiene As early as 1910 Philadelphia obtained an appropriation from City Councils to equip a municipal dental dispensary. A corps of 200 dentists volunteered for this service, and a clinic with three chairs was opened in City Hall. This formed the first dental dispensary created by a municipal government in this country. Following this movement, the Board of Public Education arranged for dental inspection in the schools, and recently three dental clinics, with a service of twelve dentists, have been established in the Southwark, Peirce and Hanna Schools, the equipment in some cases having been furnished by interested citizens. Care of Defectives In the school census of 1912, 965 children were enume- rated who did not attend school because of physical or mental disability. This number included: blind, 53; crippled, 180; deaf, 50; backward, 48; epileptic, 83; tu- bercular, 75; speech defects, 172; other defects, 374. Besides the special treatment accorded the deaf in the state school at Mt. Airy, and the blind in the state school at Overbrook, the tubercular and anaemic are cared for in three open-air classes, and an experiment is being tried in an open-window class for normal children. Psychological Clinic A psychological clinic is held daily at the University of Pennsylvania for the examination of exceptional children brought there by principals and teachers and school nurses. After careful psychological analysis, this clinic gives diag- nosis of conditions and suggestions for treatment, which are followed up by the Social Service Department. 23 COMPULSORY ATTENDANCE Bureau organized, 1897. Reorganized, 1911. A Chief of Bureau. 1 Assistant. 38 Attendance officers. 5 Clerks in central office, one in each district office. 1 District offices, with one head officer and two or three assistants, in the same buildings with the superintendents of each of the ten school districts. Functions Enforcing school attendance between the ages of 8 and 1 4, and between 1 4 and 1 6 unless the child be legally employed. Issuance of employment certificates. Working papers may be issued to those between 1 4 and 1 6 years of age who can read and write and who have secured regular lawful employment. Enumeration of school children by means of a census taken in June of each year. The school census for 1912 shows: Enrolled in School Not Enrolled Public schools 181,087 Employed 13,742 Private schools .. . 7,692 Not employed . . 20,909 Parochial schools . . 60,903 Total 34,65 1 Total 249,682 Grand total, 284,333. Out of 23 1 cases prosecuted by the Bureau of Compulsory Education during the fall term of 1912, 22 cases paid costs and fines; 182, costs only; 16 were committed to gaol, 3 discharged, and 8 withdrawn. Besides these regular investigations of the Bureau, special inquiries have been made in regard to the kinds of employ- ment and wages received by the 13,742 boys and girls who are employed in the city, and of the defective children of school age not enrolled in school. "The Bureau of Compulsory Education deals with almost every phase of parental incompetency and juvenile delin- quency. It comes in contact with homes on or below the poverty line, and its function is essentially that of social service." — Report of the President of The Board of Public Education, 1911. 24 Special Branches MUSIC Director appointed, 1897. Present organization: A Director. I 8 Assistants. 2 Special Teachers. In the elementary schools five twelve-minute periods per week are devoted to this subject in each class-room, under the immediate instruction of the grade teachers. Each class is visited by a supervisor once in five or six weeks. In the higher schools the sixty minutes a week devoted to the subject is given in a single period. In most of the boys* schools the work is handled with the pupils en masse, and in the girls' schools, in divisions. In the Normal School for Girls and in the School of Pedagogy the work includes normal instruction and practice and observation work for the pupil teachers. In the boys* high school the weekly work is done by resident teachers. In the girls' high schools, Normal School and School of Pedagogy, the work is carried on by the assistants to the Director and two special teachers. Assistants are chosen from an eligibility list, established by examination which embraces: 1 . Written work in applied acoustics, elements of notation, harmony, history of music, litera- ture of music, elements of form, physiology of the voice, and principles of singing. 2. Vocal sight reading in diatonic work. 3. Vocal sight reading in chromatic work. 4. Written work in the principles of teaching. 5. Oral work. The special activities of the Department of Music embrace the organization and fostering of school glee clubs and or- chestras, assisting with the music at various parents' meet- ings, Home and School League meetings, and with the music at many public and semi-public functions. 25 DRAWING Director appointed, 1 892. Present organization: A Director. 1 Assistants. The instruction in the elementary schools is given by grade teachers, supervised and instructed by the Director and his assistants. One hour and three-quarters per week is devoted to this subject in each class. MANUAL TRAINING Philadelphia was among the first cities in America to introduce manual training into her public high schools, the first manual training high school being established here in 1885. Hand work was first introduced into the elementary schools in the James Forten Elementary Manual Training School in 1891, and in more recent years manual training courses have been established for the boys parallel to the work in cooking and sewing for the girls. Besides the hand work in grades one to six, ten shop centers for boys in the seventh and eighth grades have been organized, and the Board of Public Education has recently authorized eleven additional centers, so as to make it pos- sible for every seventh and eighth grade boy to have access to complete shop practice. The shop work in the elementary schools is in no sense trade training, but is pre-vocational in character, and tends to give the boy a new form of expression for his thought through his hands. But the work is so practical that many boys have received for it advanced standing as trade ap- prentices. 26 HOUSEHOLD ECONOMY Organization: A Director. I Assistant. Domestic science — 3 1 teachers, 298 classes, 7,690 pupils. Sewing — 106 teachers; pupils, all girls from third to eighth year inclusive. Domestic Science is taught in the girls' high schools, and in 28 cooking centers in the elementary schools. Pupils from the sixth grade attend one day each week, though the Board is arranging to extend this work through the seventh and eighth grades. The teaching of the structure and use of the coal range is a special feature. Pupils are supplied with lesson leaf- lets containing all recipes used, which they are allowed to keep. Applicants for positions as domestic science teachers must present a diploma from a normal training school in domestic science, maintaining a two years' course. Sewing is taught to all girls in the Normal and high schools, and from the third to the eighth year in the ele- mentary schools. The instruction in the elementary schools is given in the regular classes by special teachers who visit the schools one hour per week. Pattern making is taught in all grades from the third to the eighth. The making of useful articles and garments begins in the third year and continues through the course. All work in the elementary schools is hand work. In the high schools machine sewing is introduced. In the elementary schools and the high schools the pur- pose of the work both in domestic science and in sewing is to increase the efficiency of the pupil as a home maker. In no case is it intended to be trade work. 27 PHYSICAL TRAINING Department organized under a director in 1907. Present organization: A Director. 1 2 Assistants to the director who supervise the work in the elementary schools. 27 Teachers of physical training in the higher schools. 2 Supervisors, 3 assistant supervisors, and 236 tea- chers and janitors in the vacation play- grounds. 1 Teachers and janitors in the all-year playgrounds. 1 Supervisor and 20 teachers of swimming. 1 Supervisory committee on athletics, consisting of 7 men teachers, assisted by Alumni As- sociations, Grammar School Athletic League, Home and School Associations, principals and teachers. Teachers of physical training are graduates from physi- cal training normal schools. Teachers in playgrounds are class teachers who have attended play courses given by the Board of Public Education, and must present a play- ground certificate granted by the Board after a two years' night course in the Normal School and School of Pedogogy. In the elementary schools there are equipped yards, play- rooms, basements and school-roorns. Schools near public playgrounds under the control of the City Board of Recrea- tion use these grounds for competitive games and for regular gymnastic work. For swimming, conveniently located public bathhouses are used. All high schools have gymnasiums, and the boys' high schools have thoroughly equipped athletic fields controlled by the schools. Physical training is compulsory in all the elementary schools and optional in the higher schools. In the 249 elementary schools with 181,000 pupils, ten special teachers of physical training assist and supervise the work of the regular class teachers. The work consists of free exercises, dancing steps, field work and games. In the eight higher schools, with 10,300 pupils, twenty- two teachers of physical training have direct charge of the classes. This work consists of free exercises, apparatus exercises, dancing steps, field work and games. In the evening schools with playrooms (five elementary schools and one high school) twelve special teachers are assigned to the work which consists of free exercises, dancing steps, and games. The text-books used in the elementary schools are "Hand- book of Lessons in Physical Training," "Games and Dances," "Track and Field Work." ATHLETICS All inter-school athletic contests are under the direction of a supervisory committee of athletics, approved by the Superintendent of Schools. In the elementary schools they are directed by principals and teachers of the school, and under the auspices of the Grammar School Athletic League. Inter-school meets are held in soccer, base ball, swimming, captain ball, indoor and outdoor exercises. Sectional field days are also held, and a combined field day once a year, where over 5,000 boys and girls are under review. In the boys' high schools, under the direction of the teachers of physical training, meets are held in track and field athletics and swimming. Inter-school meets are held for indoor and outdoor track and field work, base ball, foot ball, and soccer, and in swimming, cross country races, and rowing. Under the direction of physical training teachers and a corps of volunteer leaders, walking trips for teachers and their friends are held every Saturday afternoon through the year. The average attendance is between 150 and 200, and the maximum attendance so far, 552. 29 SWIMMING CENTERS For ten weeks, during the summer, ten swimming centers are open, with twenty paid teachers, one man and one woman at each pool. Swimming is taught to pupils finishing the fourth grade. The examination test is the ability to swim a correct stroke twenty minutes. During 1912, 2,791 children were enrolled. PLAYGROUNDS Vacation playgrounds were established in the schools in 1895, when four school-yards were opened. At present there are thirteen playgrounds organized under the direc- tion of the Board of Recreation, a department of the city government, while three playgrounds and three camps are maintained by the Playgrounds Association. Five school yards with paid supervisors, and fifty yards with unpaid supervisors are open after school, on Saturdays, and other school holidays, with one teacher and a janitor in each yard. The exercises consist in play on apparatus, swings, giant strides, teeter boards, rings, ladders, in gym- nastics and team games. In addition to these, the Fairmount Park Commission maintains constantly many public playgrounds, base ball fields and tennis courts. During July and August of 1912, 91 vacation playgrounds were open six days per week, from 8 to 5.15, with 238 paid teachers and janitors. These yards were each under the direction of one principal, one or more teachers and one janitor. All activities are led by trained playground teach- ers, with song games, gymnastic games, songs and stories, apparatus work and constructive hand work. 30 SCHOOL GARDENS Established, 1904. Present organization: A Supervisor. 9 Principals. 2 Assistants. 7 Home Garden Teachers. 5 Gardeners. Statistical Report, 1912. Regular school gardens 9 Individual plot holders 827 Visiting classes to gardens 120 Visits made by visiting classes 897 Gross attendance of plot holders and volunteers. 58,284 Gross attendance of visiting classes 34,451 Gross attendance in the gardens 92,735 Classes supplied with material for nature work and drawing: Kindergarten 309 Elementary 913 High and Normal .... 71 1,293 Visitors to the gardens: Normal School students .... 679 Other visitors 583 1,262 Packets of seed distributed to home, grade and kindergarten gardens 1 2,780 Young plants distributed to home, grade and kindergarten gardens 26,249 In the school gardens each class of children receives lessons in nature study or elementary agriculture, and does practical garden work. The work is conducted not only in the larger gardens, but all children are encouraged to make their own gardens at home. These home gardens re- ceive regular inspection from the teachers. 31 SOCIAL CENTERS Under Section 627 of the School Code, "Any board of school directors may make such arrangements as it may see proper with any association or individual for the temporary use of school property for schools, playgrounds, social, recreation, or other proper educational purposes." In Philadelphia such use of school houses has had a marked development in recent years. The buildings are used by alumni societies, by Home and School Associations, and for parents* meetings, as well as for neighborhood gather- ings. The first definite social center in the schools was opened in the Agnew School, 1 1th and Cherry Streets, January 22, 1 907, through the co-operation of the principal of the school with volunteer associations. Classes in wood work, brass work, basketry, and in gymnastics, sewing and music were conducted, and a musical entertainment, illustrated lecture, or other special attraction was given monthly. Other social centers somewhat similar in character have been established from time to time under various auspices, the Board of Public Education co-operating by furnishing the building, the light, heat and janitor service. In 1912 there were: Social Centers 10 Paid workers 50 Volunteers 150 Sessions held 164 Classes conducted 52 Total average attendance per session: Adults 105 Children ... 1,650 1,755 During 1912, the Board of Recreation, a department of the city government, agreed to finance the development of social centers in the schools, in co-operation with and under the supervision of the school system. 38 PUBLIC LECTURES Since 1899 free lectures have been given in the Central High School, and more recently in other high schools and elementary schools in the city. In most cases the lectures are given by members of the faculty of the schools. In 1910 the Board of Public Education authorized the expendi- ture of a small sum out of the evening school item for public lectures. During last year a committee of the Teachers' Association carried out a program of free evening lectures in some of the elementary school buildings. These lectures were given mostly in the foreign quarters, and dealt with sanitation and hygiene, with some instruction in the elements of local government and good citizenship. Leaflets containing the essentials of the lectures printed in both English and foreign languages were distributed to the audiences at the close of each lecture. The report of lectures for 1911 shows: Lecture centers, High schools 4 Elementary schools .... 22 Lectures given 129 Total attendance 31,570 Average attendance, per lecture 244 Total cost $646.02 Average cost per lecture. . 5.07 Average cost per auditor . . .02 Subjects Sanitation and hygiene 1 9 lectures Philadelphia 25 Civics for foreigners. . 25 General (principally local government) . 57 In addition to these lectures in the school buildings, the municipal Commercial Museum offers daily illustrated lec- tures on commerce and travel, which are attended by entire classes and schools. 33 LIBRARIES In addition to the departmental libraries in the various high schools and in the Normal School, a bequest of Stephen Girard grants an annuity to the school libraries in the old City of Philadelphia. In the elementary schools the libraries consist largely of books on the supply list, which are used for supplementary reading. The Board of Public Education also established in 1 883 in its office, 696 City Hall, a complete Pedagogical Library. This library contains today between 12,000 and 13,000 bound volumes, selected with special care for their direct bearing on educational thought. Besides these there are thousands of copies of pamphlets and complete sets of school reports from various important cities. This Pedagogical Library does not duplicate the work of the public library system, but puts in organized form the reading of the teaching body for definite educational pur- poses. For some years this library has contained a most complete collection of educational lantern slides. These slides, which are a direct aid to the teaching of geography, literature, history, and science, are sent from school to school by an organized system of exchange, and receive constant addi- tions on request of the teachers. Over fifty schools are equipped with lanterns, and some with moving picture machines. PERIODICALS "The Teacher," a monthly periodical of thirty-six pages, devoted to the interests of the school system of Philadelphia, is edited and published by school superintendents, principals, and teachers. School papers are published monthly by students in all of the higher schools and twenty-seven of the elementary schools. U SCHOOL LUNCHES In High Schools In 1912 a complete system of school lunches was organ- ized in the higher schools under the Board of Public Edu- cation. This department includes: A Director. 1 5 Assistant directors. 60 Paid helpers. 125 Student volunteers each day. Each of the fifteen high schools is in charge of one of the assistant directors, who are trained dieticians and graduates in domestic science, and all are under the supervision of the director, who does the buying for the entire system. A corps of 125 students, varying from day to day, volunteer as waiters, and each receives a ten cent luncheon check in return for this service. Fuel, light, power and equipment are furnished by the Board of Public Education, and the receipts from the lunches cover not only the cost of the food, but the salaries of the staff as well. Only wholesome, nourishing food is provided, and menus are arranged with direct regard to healthfulness and food values. Such combinations are offered that for a very small cost an ideal meal containing the correct food ingredients can be purchased. Under this system over 10,000 students each day are able to obtain a nutritious and appetizing luncheon at a cost not exceeding ten cents, and in many cases for four or five cents. A table d' hote lunch is served to members of the faculty at a cost of fifteen cents. 35 In Elementary Schools As early as 1894 school lunches were served as an experi- ment in two of the elementary schools. In 1907 this service was reorganized. A committee of public spirited citizens undertook to put the work on an improved basis, and a superintendent was employed to organize the work in var- ious schools. At present the lunches are served through the efforts of various philanthropic associations co-operating with the schools. A committee, consisting of representatives from all the organizations interested in school feeding and from various departments within the school system, has super- visory control. The attempt is made to make the lunches sold within the buildings so attractive that the itinerant venders of un- wholesome foods may find no purchasers. As 60% of the pupils are found to spend at least a penny a day, it is esti- mated that these venders of questionable food in the past hove sold approximately $200,000 worth each year. Under the present organization lunches are served in nine of the elementary schools, at a cost of five, three, and in many cases of one cent each. Over 50% of the children in these schools benefit by the system, and the direct physio- logical effect proves them to be one of the most helpful constructive policies for the protection of the health of school children. With the co-operation of the Psychological Clinic of the University of Pennsylvania, certain measurements were taken of groups of children taking school lunches and also of groups of children not fed. There was a marked physical gain shown and moreover the effect was seen in an improve- ment in lesson and conduct averages of the children who were given lunches. 36 DIRECTORY TYPICAL PUBLIC SCHOOLS EASY OF ACCESS Higher Schools Philadelphia Normal School (girls), 13th and Spring Garden Sts. Central High School (boys), Broad and Green Sts. Girls' High School, 17th and Spring Garden Sts. Northeast High School (boys), 8th St. and Lehigh Ave. Southern High School (boys), Broad and Jackson Sts. William Penn High School (girls), 15th and Wallace Sts. West Phila. High School (boys), 48th and Walnut Sts. West Phila. High School (girls), 48th and Walnut Sts. Elementary Schools Regular Grade Work Hollingsworth, Locust bel. 1 5th. Landreth, 23d and Federal Sts. Claghorn, 17th and Susquehanna. Northeast, Lawrence and Race. McCall, 6th and DeLancey Sts. Wyoming, 6th and Fairmount. Newton, 38th and Spruce Sts. Hawthorne, 12th and Fitzwater. Southwark, 8th and Mifflin Sts. Madison, Newmarket and Green. Departmental Work McCall, 6th and DeLancey Sts. Blaine, 30th and Norris Sts. Baldwin, 16th and Porter Sts. Widener, 13th and Thompson. Dunlap, 51st and Race Sts. Campbell, 8th and Fitzwater Sts. Wyoming, 6th St. and Fairmount Ave. Manual Training Centers McCall, 6th and DeLancey Sts. Southwark, 8th and Mifflin Sts. Meade, 18th and Oxford Sts. Forten, 6th, above Lombard St. Durham, 1 6th and Lombard Sts. Reynolds, 20th and Jefferson Sts. Hancock, 12th and Fairmount. Hawthorne, 12th and Fitzwater. The higher schools. 37 Cooking Centers Baldwin, 1 6th and Porter Sts. McCall, 6th and DeLancey Sts. Durham, 16th and Lombard Sts. Wyoming, 6th and Fairmount. Southwark, 8th and Mifflin Sts. Forten, 6th, above Lombard St. Open Air Classes McCall Annex, 6th and Spruce Sts. Wilson Annex, 12th and Federal Sts. Roof of "Lighthouse," 2d St. and Lehigh Ave. (under supervision of Potter School). Bache School, 22d and Brown Sts. (open window class). Special Classes for Backward Children Durham, 16lh and Lombard Sis. N. Liberties, 3d, below Green. Wood, 23d and Callowhill Sts. Wyoming, 6th and Fairmount. McCall, 6th and DeLancey Sts. Lynd, 12th and Montgomeiy. Special Disciplinary Classes Durham, 16th and Lombard Sts. McCall, 6ih and DeLancey Sts. Northwest, 15th and Race Sts. Lynd, 12th and Montgomery. Kindergartens Newton, Chestnut, below 36lh St. Landreth, 23d and Federal Sts. Wilson, 12th and Wharton Sts. Dunlap, 51st and Race Sts. Kendrick, 38th and Powelton. Wood, 23d and Callowhill Sts. Lincoln, 20th and Fairmount. Hawthorne, 12th and Fitzwater. Evening Schools Central High, Broad and Green. McCall, 6th and DeLancey Sts. William Penn, 15th and Wallace. Meade, 18th and Oxford Sts. S. High, Broad and Jackson Sts. Southwark, 8th and Mifflin Sts. N. E. High, 8th and Lehigh Ave. Durham, 1 6th and Lombard Sts. Trades School, 12th and Locust. Jefferson, 5th, above Poplar St. 38 Heating and Ventilating Plants William Penn, 1 5th and Wallace. Southwark, 8th and Mifflin Sts. W. Phila. High, 48th and Walnut. Hawthorne, 12th and Fitzwater. S. High, Broad and Jackson Sts. Peirce, 23d and Cambria Sts. N. E. High, 8th and Lehigh Ave. McCall, 6th and DeLancey Sts. School Playgrounds Hancock, 12th and Fairmount. Southwark, 8th and Mifflin Sts. Northwest, 15th and Race Sts. McMichael, 35th and Fairmount. Social Centers Wood, 23d and Callowhill Sts. (demonstration of housekeeping). Agnew, 11th and Cherry Sts. (demonstration of housekeeping). Durham, 16th and Lombard Sts. (colored). School Lunches Northwest, 1 5th and Race Sts. (penny lunches, 10-11; noon dinner, 11.45-12.15). Durham, 1 6th and Lombard Sts. (lunch, 10-11). Baldwin, 15th and Porter Sts. (lunch, 10-11). 39 SCHOOLS AND COLLEGES IN AND NEAR PHILADELPHIA University of Pennsylvania, 34th and Walnut Sts. Haverford College, Haverford, Pa. (Main line of Penna. R. R., 25 minutes from Broad St. Station.) Bryn Mawr College, Bryn Mawr, Pa. (Main line of Penna. R. R., 30 minutes from Broad St. Station.) Swarthmore College, Swarthmore, Pa. (Maryland Central line of Penna. R. R., 30 minutes from Broad St. Station.) Temple University, Broad and Berks Sts. Drexel Institute, 32d and Chestnut Sts. Franklin Institute (evening classes only), 7th, below Market St. Spring Garden Institute (evening classes only), Broad and Spring Garden Sts. Girard College, Girard Ave., above 20th St. Williamson Free School of Mechanical Trades, Williamson School, Pa. (Maryland Central line of Penna. R. R., 45 minutes from Broad St. Station.) Glen Mills, Boys' Reform School, Glen Mills, Pa. (Maryland Cen- tral line of Penna. R. R., one hour from Broad St. Station.) Sleighton Farms, Girls' Reform School, Darlington, Pa. (Maryland Central line of Penna. R. R., 55 minutes from Broad St. Station.) Widener Memorial School (for crippled children), York Road and Olney Ave. Training School for Feeble Minded Boys and Girls, Vineland, N. J. Pennsylvania Institution for the Instruction of the Blind, Overbrook, Pa. Home for the Training in Speech of Deaf Children, Belmont and Monument Ave. Medico-Chirurgical College, 18th and Cherry Sts. Jefferson Medical College, 10th and Walnut Sts. Hahnemann Medical College, Broad above Race Sts. Philadelphia Dental College, 18th and Buttonwood Sts. 40 PROFESSIONAL ORGANIZATIONS CONNECTED WITH THE SCHOOLS Teachers' Institute, Hollingsworth School, Locust, above Broad Street. Established 1867. A social, beneficial and educational organiza- tion, with excellent library and club rooms. J. Myers Murray, President. Teachers' Club of Philadelphia, 1300 Spruce Street. An organization composed of many of the women supervisors, prin- cipals, and teachers of the city. Meets at the College Club. Mrs. Emma V. Thomas-Tindal, President. The Philadelphia Teachers' Association, High School for Girls, 1 7th and Spring Garden Streets. An association composed of men and women supervisors and teachers of the city. This association publishes the "News Letter" as an official organ of communication between the officers and mem- bers. Miss Louise Haeseler, President. The Schoolmen's Club of Philadelphia, 1606 Summer Street. A social and educational association of men superintendents, super- visors, principals and teachers, with an excellent club house of its own. Oscar Gerson, President. CO-OPERATING ORGANIZATIONS Public Education Association, 1015 Witherspoon Building. Established 1881. A volunteer association, composed of over 1,000 members, for educational research and the expression of public opinion, in the interests of the public school system of Philadelphia. Home and School League, 1522 Cherry Street. Established 1907. An association grouping into a general body the home and school associations connected with 65 of the Philadelphia public schools. The educational committees of the Civic Club, the Philomusian Club, and the New Century Club, also render effective service to the school system. 41 INTERESTING EDUCATIONAL AND SOCIAL INSTITUTIONS The Philadelphia Commercial Museums, 34th below Spruce Street. A unique institution exhibiting collections of commercial products of the world, with a complete library and correspondence system, gather- ing facts in regard to commercial centers throughout the world. Illus- trated lectures are given almost daily to schools and classes which visit the museum for the purpose of hearing them. Pennsylvania Museum and School of Industrial Art, Museum at Memorial Hall, Fairmount Park; School, Broad and Pine Streets. The school is an advanced institution for training in the applied arts, especially those relating to the textile industries. Academy of the Fine Arts, Broad and Cherry Streets. The Academy is a regular working school where classes in all forms of high art are conducted. Here are gathered a great number of paintings and other art expressions. Academy of Natural Sciences, 1 9th and Race Streets. Founded 1812. The oldest institution of its kind in America. It has large and valuable collections in its museums of natural history, and in its collections, its various working sections, its publications, and its lecture courses, it is a foremost institution of learning. Historical Society of Pennsylvania, 13th and Locust Streets. The best equipped historical society building with the most notable collections of this character in the country. In its spacious rooms are gathered a vast lot of books, periodicals, original manuscripts and docu- ments bearing upon our colonial and national development, together with a valuable collection of pictures, furniture, dishes, silverware and other objects of great historical value. Young Men's Christian Association, Central Branch, 1421 Arch Street. Offering day and evening classes in 7th and 8th grade subjects and vocational courses in technical and professional departments. 42 Psychological Clinic, University of Pennsylvania. Open for inspection daily, 2 to 5 P. M., except Saturdays. Satur- days, 9 to 12. Dr. Lightner Witmer, Director. Board of Recreation, 587 City Hall, A municipal body of five persons controlling the recreation system of the city, appointed by the Mayor for the purpose of planning and establishing playgrounds and social centers. Playgrounds Association, 694 City Hall. An association of philanthropic citizens concerned in providing play for all the children of Philadelphia under competent and trained super- vision. Interest is aroused by campaigns of publicity and educational literature. Starr Garden Recreation Park, 7th and Lombard Streets. A model playground, gymnasium and social center, with many lines of activity, located in the midst of the most congested foreign district. Closely coordinated with the school life of the neighborhood. Open day and evenings, Happy Hollow Playground, Wayne Ave. and Logan St., Gtn. A fully equipped playground and recreation house in the northern part of the city, with recreation facilities that make it one of the finest play centers in the United States. Open day and evenings. Sherwood Recreation Park, 56th and Christian Streets. A model playground and gymnasium in the western part of the city, in a residential section that has been more recently built up. Open all the year, day and evening. Baby Saving Show, McCall School, 6th and DeLancey St». One of a series of neighborhood exhibitions held under the auspices of the Child Hygiene Committee of Philadelphia. Open here 1 to 10 P. M., February 19th to March 1st. A new form of social education, condensing the exhibition of the material used at the great Baby Saving Show in Horticultural Hall in 1912. 43 MEMORANDUM MEMORANDUM MEMORANDUM MEMORANDUM MEMORANDUM LIBRARY OF CONGRESS 022 127 110 5 ■ THEWALTHER PRINTING HOUS PHILADELPHIA