Class Jib 
 
 Book .3^ 
 
 Copyright N? 
 
 COPVR1GHT DEPOSIT. 
 
A REFUGEE SHIP 
 
THE SAILING OF 
 
 A REFUGEE SHIP 
 
 A Little record of the voyage of the 
 
 PRINCIPE DI UDINE 
 
 from Genoa to New York in August, 
 
 Nineteen Fourteen, during the first 
 
 days of the European Conflict 
 
 # 
 
 EDITED BY 
 
 ARNO BEHNKE 
 
 h 
 
 New York, 1914 
 
 E . 
 

 Copyright, 1914, by 
 Arno Behnke 
 
 j>CI.A380961 
 
 JCT 19 1914 
 
 ^0/ 
 
To 
 
 The Committee of Guarantors 
 
 MR. R. A. C. SMITH 
 
 DR. NICHOLAS MURRAY BUTLER 
 
 MR. GANO DUNN 
 
 MR. FREDERICK W. VANDERBILT 
 
 hose noble self sacrifice and steadfast patriotism made possible the "refugee' 
 
 voyage of the Principe di Udine from Genoa, August 12, 1914. 
 
PREFACE 
 
 So many unusual circumstances attended the "refugee" 
 sailing of the Principe di Udine from Genoa to New York 
 in August that a permanent record of the voyage seemed 
 appropriate; a record which would include refugee sketches, 
 an accurate account of the chartering of the ship, and a log 
 of the voyage. 
 
 With the hope that a booklet containing these three 
 divisions of the crossing — its cause, start, and maturation, 
 — might serve as a reminder to every passenger of the 
 events he experienced in the refugee flight, and also as a 
 permanent — if small — monument to the self sacrifice and 
 steadfast patriotism of the men who undertook the re- 
 sponsibilities of the sailing, the editor compiled this little 
 volume. 
 
 Its completion was made possible by the generous as- 
 sistance of fellow passengers. To those who kindly related 
 their refugee experiences and to those who in any way con- 
 tributed to the publication of this record, the editor gives 
 his sincerest thanks. In particular, he feels indebted to 
 a group of passengers who gave invaluable assistance in 
 the physical construction of the book. Miss Rose Churchill, 
 of New Britain, Connecticut, suggested the general form 
 
Preface — Continued 
 
 and sketched several of the line drawings; Mr. Fred H. 
 White, of New York City, generously loaned the pictures 
 for the illustrations; and Mr. Gustave Schirmer kindly 
 had the manuscript placed on the presses of his busy es- 
 tablishment as soon as it was ready. Mr. Dudley Rogers, 
 of Dedham, Massachusetts, aided the compilation materially 
 by taking charge of the subscriptions. 
 
 New York City, September, 1914. 
 
 ARNO BEHNKE 
 
THE SAILING OF THE SHIP 
 
THE SAILING OF A REFUGEE SHIP 
 
 The Sailing of the Ship 
 
 S soon as it was evident on August first that 
 a general European war was certain, and 
 means of transportation, as well as all 
 sources of financial supply were cut off, 
 the greatest agitation and distress pre- 
 vailed among the tens of thousands of 
 Americans scattered all over Europe. They naturally turned 
 to the nearest embassy or consulate for advice and assistance. 
 In view of the declared neutrality of Italy and the likelihood 
 that that neutrality would be preserved and respected, 
 large numbers of Americans concentrated in Milan and 
 Genoa in the hope of being able to obtain passage to America 
 on vessels sailing under the Italian (neutral) flag. By 
 evening on August first, every available berth in the Italian 
 ships scheduled to sail between that date and October first, 
 was definitely engaged, and hundreds of names were upon 
 the waiting lists. The Lloyd Sabaudo Company, which 
 maintains a considerable fleet for the South American trade, 
 and which also announces regular sailings to New York, 
 had scheduled the steamer Re d'ltalia to sail from Genoa 
 on Tuesday, August eleventh. A few Americans, including 
 Dr. Nicholas Murray Butler and his family, Mr. and 
 
 [ 1 1 
 
A REFUGEE SHIP 
 
 Mrs. George B. McClellan, and Mr. and Mrs. G. C. Speranza 
 of New York, were successful in procuring accommodations 
 upon that ship. On Tuesday, August fourth, it was rumored 
 that the Re d'ltalia would not be able to sail, since the 
 Italian Government had need of it for public uses. On the 
 following day, definite announcement was made at Milan 
 that the Re d' Italia would not be able to sail; and that 
 the passengers having booked by it would have their 
 payments refunded. It was then clear that it was by no 
 means certain that any other ship would be able to sail 
 from an Italian port, and the whole situation was involved 
 in new gloom and uncertainty. 
 
 <& On the evening of Tuesday, August fourth, Mr. R. A. C. 
 Smith, Dock Commissioner of New York, arrived in Genoa 
 from Venice, and early the following morning began 
 negotiations to secure passage to New York for as many of 
 his fellow Americans as possible. In conference with Consul 
 General Jones, he devised a plan by which the steamer 
 Principe di Udine, belonging to the South American service 
 of the Lloyd Sabaudo Line, should be chartered through the 
 agency of the Consul General in the name of the United 
 States Government, all costs and charges to be guaranteed 
 by Mr. Smith and his friends. The object of this plan 
 was to remove so far as possible the uncertainty which 
 prevailed as to the possibility of any early sailing from Genoa 
 to New York, and to put the control of the whole matter 
 into the hands of Mr. Smith and his fellow Americans. 
 
 ^ During August fifth and sixth, there was a concentration 
 in Genoa of a large number of well known Americans who 
 
 [ 2 ] 
 
THE SAILING OF THE SHIP 
 
 had been travelling in northern Italy when the war storm 
 broke. In addition to Mr. Smith and his family, there 
 were Dr. Butler of Columbia University, Mr. Gano Dunn, 
 President of the J. G White Engineering Corporation 
 
 CONSUL GENERAL JOHN EDWARD JONES. OF GENOA 
 
 3 1 
 
A REFUGEE SHIP 
 
 Mr. Frederick W. Vanderbilt, Medical Director J. C. Boyd, 
 U. S. N., retired, and many others. All these gentlemen 
 were in constant conference with Consul General Jones 
 and with the hundreds of their fellow countrymen who were 
 besieging the American Consulate for advice and assistance 
 both by day and night. The plan to charter the Principe 
 di Udine was submitted to Ambassador Thomas Nelson 
 Page, at Rome, and approved by him. It is, therefore, 
 due to the courage, sagacity and patriotism of Consul 
 General Jones and the prompt and effective support of 
 Ambassador Page that the sailing of the Principe di Udine 
 was thus made possible. 
 
 <I Therefore, a contract with the Lloyd Sabaudo Company 
 was entered into by which this ship was chartered for the 
 voyage to New York, the sailing to take place on August 
 twelfth, without fail, at a charter price for the first and 
 second cabin accommodations, of 300,000 francs. When the 
 negotiations were at this stage, it was the intention of the 
 steamship company to call at Naples, and also at Palermo, 
 in order to embark some 1100 Italian emigrants in the 
 steerage of the vessel. Farther study of the situation made 
 it plain that the carrying of emigrants would be undesirable 
 because of the four days delay their embarkation would 
 occasion, and because of the possible embarrassment their 
 presence on the vessel might afford to the Americans. 
 Therefore, the committee of guarantors, consisting of 
 Messrs. Smith, Butler, Vanderbilt, and Dunn, asked the 
 Lloyd Sabaudo Line to fix an additional charter price, 
 in return for which the ship would sail directly from Genoa, 
 
 [ 4 ] 
 
THE SAILING OF THE SHIP 
 
 without calling at Naples and Palermo, and without 
 any emigrants in the steerage. An agreement was reached 
 by which the additional sum of 200,000 francs was paid for 
 this amendment to the original contract. The charter 
 price, therefore, was 500,000 francs, gold. 
 
 ^ No sooner was this contract signed, than new difficulties 
 arose, and it was not until the gang-plank was actually 
 hauled in and the ship began to move at noon on Wednesday, 
 August twelfth, that those in charge of the undertaking 
 could breathe freely. 
 
 ^ By the terms of the charter, 50,000 francs had to be paid 
 in cash to the Lloyd Sabaudo Company before 4.30 P. M. 
 on Friday, August seventh, and the balance, 450,000 francs, 
 on the day before sailing, Tuesday August eleventh. To 
 meet these conditions required no small ingenuity, as 
 well as constant and difficult negotiations. A moratorium 
 had been declared in Italy, and the banks were only paying 
 their depositors limited and small amounts daily. It was 
 next to impossible to obtain cash on letters of credit issued 
 in America, and, with the exception of the checks issued by 
 the American Express Company, practically no travelers' 
 checks were available. One or two of the larger banks 
 both in Milan and in Genoa made small daily payments 
 on account on letters of credit, but it was not possible in 
 this or in any other way to accumulate sufficient cash to 
 make the payments required by the charter. At this point, 
 the general manager of the American Express Company in 
 Genoa, Mr. Sarentino, came to the aid of the Americans 
 with splendid resourcefulness and generosity. By taking the 
 
 [5 ] 
 
A REFUGEE SHIP 
 
 personal checks and personal guarantees of the guarantors, 
 he was able at 4.25 P. M. on Friday, August seventh, or 
 five minutes before the option expired, to make the pay- 
 ment of 50,000 francs to the Lloyd Sabaudo Company. 
 
 <J Meanwhile, it had been discovered that the National 
 City Bank of New York had a considerable cash deposit in 
 the banks of Genoa. The guarantors, therefore, attempted 
 to open negotiations by cable with their own banks in New 
 York, asking these to transfer to Genoa through the City 
 Bank sums sufficient to enable them to make the final 
 payment of 450,000 francs, gold on Tuesday, August 
 eleventh. Owing to the war conditions which prevailed, 
 these cables were greatly delayed in transmission, but a 
 final and most urgent personal cable sent by Dock Com- 
 missioner Smith to President Vanderlip of the National City 
 Bank on Sunday, August ninth, reached him and brought 
 instant response. He stated that the necessary funds had 
 been transferred to Genoa through London. It was now 
 within forty-eight hours of the time fixed for the sailing of 
 the ship, and the Banca Commerciale in Genoa would not 
 accept Mr. Vanderlip's cable as evidence that the money 
 had been transferred, without additional confirmation from 
 London. This confirmation could not be obtained owing 
 to the long delays and uncertainties in telegram commu- 
 nication, to say nothing of the rigid censorship prevailing 
 in each one of the belligerent countries. Here again the 
 general agent of the American Express Company came to 
 the rescue. By his co-operation and through his acceptance 
 of the personal checks and guarantees of the committee of 
 
 r c i 
 
THE SAILING OF THE SHIP 
 
 guarantors, it was possible to make the final payment to the 
 Lloyd Sabaudo Company in time to carry out the terms of 
 the charter and thus permit the ship to sail. From the 
 whole company of 400 passengers, it proved possible to 
 collect only about 60,000 francs in actual cash. The 
 balance was taken by the guarantors and by the American 
 Express Company in the form of drafts attached to letters 
 of credit, in receipts for prepaid return steamship passages, 
 in travelers' checks of various kinds, and in personal checks 
 on well known banks and trust companies in the United 
 States. Inasmuch as gold was at a premium of fifteen per 
 cent, according to official advice of the American Express 
 Company, and since there were various bankers' commis- 
 sions and other charges, the payment of 500,000 francs, 
 gold for the ship required a payment, in lire, of about 
 575,000 francs, or approximately 115,000 dollars. 
 
 fl It is difficult to make clear to those who were not in 
 Genoa or in Europe during these days of uncertainty and 
 anxious distress, what formidable difficulties of every kind 
 — technical as well as financial — had to be surmounted, and 
 what an amount of patience, ingenuity and resourcefulness 
 were needed to overcome them. All these financial ne- 
 gotiations were carried on in behalf of the committee of 
 guarantors by Messrs. Smith, Butler, and Dunn; Dock 
 Commissioner Smith acting as chairman of the committee 
 and taking the leading part in all the negotiations. 
 
 <I Meanwhile, a system had been organized by which 
 places on the ship were assigned to as many as possible 
 of those who were in waiting and had registered their names 
 
 [ 7 ] 
 
A REFUGEE SHIP 
 
 in the office of Consul General Jones. Within an hour, an 
 administrative system was devised, which was a model of 
 effectiveness and promptness. Three vacant rooms were 
 hired in the same building with the office of the Consul 
 General, and some old tables and planks were quickly ar- 
 ranged as office furniture. Anxious inquirers were received 
 by Mr. Henry Saunders Haskell, of New York City, 
 who gave accurate information regarding the ship, the 
 rates to be charged for passage, the date and place of 
 
 MR. DUNN, CAPTAIN TISCORNIA, MR. SMITH, and DR. BUTLER, 
 
 on board the Principe di Udine 
 
 19 1 
 
THE SAILING OF THE SHIP 
 
 sailing, and other matters of detail. The assignment of 
 rooms and berths was made at the next desk by Messrs. 
 Smith and Butler. Intending passengers then recorded with 
 Mr. Louis Dwight Ray, Headmaster of the Irving School, 
 New York, their full names and addresses both in Genoa 
 and in the United States. At the right of Mr. Ray sat 
 Mr. James A. Lewis, of New York, who made up the offi- 
 cial list of passengers for the ship's manifest. Intending pas- 
 sengers then passed into the next room where they were 
 received by Mr. Gano Dunn, who served as treasurer and 
 accepted in cash or in evidences of credit their payments 
 on account for their passage. In this work Mr. Dunn was 
 assisted by Mr. George R. Stearns, a leading cotton manu- 
 facturer of Augusta, Georgia, and by Dr. W. O. Bartlett 
 of Boston. When these details had been settled, the agents 
 of the Lloyd Sabaudo Company, who were seated at an 
 adjoining desk, issued the passage tickets. These arrange- 
 ments were continued throughout Monday and Tuesday, 
 August tenth and eleventh, and the men worked far into 
 the nights of both days, completing their records and 
 checking their lists. The whole work was done with prompt- 
 ness, accuracy, and efficiency. 
 
 <§ Inasmuch as no Italian emigrants were taken on the 
 ship, the vessel was managed as if it were a single class 
 boat, and all passengers, wherever berthed, and paying 
 whatever rate, had the full privileges of the decks and public 
 rooms. The price of passage to New York was fixed at 
 250 dollars, gold, minimum price, per berth for accommoda- 
 tions in the rooms scheduled as first cabin; 100 dollars, 
 
 [ 9 1 
 
A REFUGEE SHIP 
 
 gold, per berth for accommodations in the rooms scheduled 
 as second cabin; and 50 dollars, gold, per accommodation in 
 the "dormitories" as the steerage was called after it had 
 been thoroughly renovated. These "dormitories" provided 
 places for fifty women at one end of the ship, and for eighty 
 men at the other. Every berth was speedily allotted, and 
 very many anxious Americans had to be left behind. The 
 ship was crowded to the utmost capacity of its sleeping 
 and table accommodations. It was necessary to provide in 
 both salons for two services at luncheon and two at dinner, 
 
 the Principe di Udine 
 [ 10 ] 
 
THE SAILING OF THE SHIP 
 
 and the ship's stewards were engaged from morning till 
 night in caring for the needs of the passengers. 
 *& None but Americans were permitted on the ship, with 
 the exception, of course, of the ship's own personnel. 
 Provision was finally made for 399 in all. Of these, 193 
 were berthed in what was described as first cabin, and 
 206 in what were described as second cabin and the dor- 
 mitories. Of these, 166 were men and 233, women. A 
 number who were absolutely destitute of funds were 
 taken without payment of any passage money whatever. 
 <I It was necessary, in order to provide for so many, to 
 separate families in many cases, and to berth three to six 
 women or men together in a single room. All this was 
 most cheerfully accepted by the passengers as a necessity 
 of the situation, and the utmost good feeling prevailed. 
 <I In order to provide for the health of the passengers, a 
 special volunteer medical service was organized — in addi- 
 tion, of course, to the excellent provision made by the ship's 
 surgeon himself— under the direction of Dr. John C. Boyd, 
 U. S. N., with whom were associated Dr. A. C. Stanley, of 
 Washington, Dr. W. O. Bartlett, of Boston, and Dr. 
 Stewart Paton, of Princeton, New Jersey. Dr. Boyd and 
 his associates saw that the ship was specially provided 
 with a full outfit of medical and surgical supplies, and they 
 did yeoman's service in caring for the ills of the passen- 
 gers. Mrs. Evelyn R. Simpson, a graduate of the Mt. 
 Sinai Hospital Training School, offered her services as ship's 
 nurse, and she gave those passengers who were ill the 
 most skilful and tender care during the entire voyage. 
 
 [ 11 t 
 
A REFUGEE SHIP 
 
 <& For the entertainment of the ship's company, a com- 
 mittee was appointed consisting of Mr. Landon Thomas, 
 of Augusta, Georgia, Mrs. William H. Hill, of Boston, and 
 Mr. Joseph B. Thomas, of New York. 
 
 *I The committee of guarantors, consisting of Messrs. 
 Smith, Vanderbilt, Butler, and Dunn, not only guaranteed 
 to the American Express Company in Genoa the letters 
 of credit, travelers' checks, and personal checks of those 
 of their fellow passengers who were unknown to the 
 American Express Company, but they also assumed the 
 obligation to meet the deficiency which resulted from the 
 difference between the passage money paid by the 399 
 passengers and the chartered price of the ship. In round 
 numbers this deficiency amounted to 40,000 dollars. 
 
 EDITOR'S NOTE: In the "Unofficial Log" is reprinted a 
 copy of the resolutions passed by the passengers of the ship, in 
 which they expressed their appreciation of the generosity and 
 untiring efforts of the Committee of Guarantors. Besides 
 adopting these resolutions, the "refugees" arranged for the pur- 
 chase of a handsome testimonial to be presented as a token of 
 their gratitude to Mr. R. A. C. Smith, for his devoted and loyal 
 service in the capacity of Chairman of the Committee. 
 
 f 12 1 
 
REFUGEE SKETCHES 
 
REFUGEE SKETCHES 
 
 Introduction 
 
 <I During the delightful task of collecting refugee sketches 
 from fellow passengers, I experienced only one disagreeable 
 sensation, and that was the realization — the overwhelming 
 realization — that I could not record the war experiences 
 of everyone on board. I often wished that, like Beelzebub, 
 I were legion, so that I might gather every tale which cir- 
 culated amongst the ship's company; but my wishing did 
 no good and I heard only forty accounts during the trip. 
 
 <I Some of these stories dealt with sights and sounds that 
 cause the soul to ache; sights of a national hatred which 
 transformed the children of twentieth century culture into 
 ravaging vandals, and sounds of the shuffling of many feet 
 in secret midnight mobilizations. 
 
 <I I wanted to record them all, but limitations of space 
 forced me to omit many, to shorten others, and to choose for 
 variety as well as for general interest. 
 
 <J In recording these narratives, I have given the substance 
 rather than the actual words of the authors; not from reasons 
 of choice, but from necessity, for I do not write shorthand. 
 
 [ 15 ] 
 
A REFUGEE SHIP 
 
 If the persons whose accounts I have published think that 
 I have erred in the transcription of their tales, I am exceed- 
 ingly sorry, and I take the opportunity at this time to offer 
 them my most sincere and humble apologies. 
 
 <J In every instance, I have told the accounts in the first 
 person, and with very little introduction, believing that 
 this would be the most satisfactory manner. Although I 
 should gladly have written a Chaucerian prologue, — because 
 the narrators are a charming group of people — such a task 
 surpasses my feeble powers, and I present only the tale, 
 and not the teller. 
 
 The Editor. 
 
 [ 16 
 
— ^J 
 
 
 REFUGEE SKETCHES =r^^ 
 
 MR. McCLELLAN'S ACCOUNT 
 
 *I Mr. George B. McClellan, formerly Mayor of New 
 York, on being asked about the hardships he had under- 
 gone in reaching Genoa, replied that he had experienced 
 nothing but a phenomenal streak of luck. He said: 
 
 "I was at Karer See in the Tyrol when Austria's military 
 activities forced foreigners to leave the country. Although 
 my party suffered no hardships, we saw the devastation 
 of war all about us. The valley in which the Karer See 
 lies was sucked absolutely dry; the government took men, 
 horses, oxen, goats, — everything, leaving only the feeble 
 and the young. 
 
 "The situation of the people throughout the Tyrol is 
 heart-rending, because they depend largely on the summer 
 visitors for their subsistence. With the departure of the 
 guests from the hotels, went the natives' means of livelihood. 
 One old woman, who conducted a fruit stall, said to me as 
 she pointed first to her little son and then to some rotting 
 pears, 'This is all they have left me. My man is gone, and 
 I cannot get any more fruit. Even if I could, there would 
 be no one to eat it.' 
 
 "On another occasion — the day after the call for mobiliza- 
 tion had reached the Tyrol — I met a guide on my tramp over 
 the mountains. He was hurrying along, looking neither 
 right nor left. I gave the customary Tyrolese greeting, 
 'Grliss Gott,' but he rushed by without replying; probably 
 he had not even heard me in his preoccupation. A little 
 later, I reached his hut where I found his w T ife in tears' 
 
 [ 17 ] 
 
 Mr. McClellan 
 
A REFUGEE SHIP 
 
 She sobbingly answered my question as to what the trouble 
 was by saying, 'They have taken my man away to kill him, 
 and have left me here to die alone.' 
 
 "As I said, I personally experienced nothing but luck 
 in getting to Genoa. One morning, after the government 
 had commandeered practically every horse in Karer See, 
 I chanced to see an old dilapidated conveyance drawn by 
 two thin horses pass my hotel. I put my head out of the 
 window and asked the driver where he was going. He said 
 to Bozen, where he was going to give up his horses. I 
 asked if he would take some passengers, to which he replied 
 in the affirmative. Then, although it was only five o'clock 
 in the morning, we packed and went away on his wagon. 
 After we had gone, only four guests remained in the es- 
 tablishment which was built to accommodate 450. 
 
 "From Bozen, quite by chance, we caught the last train 
 to Riva on the Lac de Garde, where we found our hotel — 
 a palatial edifice — conducted by one waiter and an idiot 
 boy. The former blacked boots, cooked meals, and made 
 beds, besides doing military duty every other day. Then 
 we chanced to catch a boat down the lake, although the 
 steamship company had cut off the regular service. Then, 
 by more chance, we connected with an express train to 
 Milan. Here I met Dr. Butler and Mr. Vanderbilt, who 
 told me about boat sailings. I then purchased passages 
 on the Principe di Udine, and here for the first time I 
 almost encountered difficulties, because I had to deposit 
 fifty per cent, of the passage money, and along with other 
 Americans, I had been able to draw but ten pounds a day, 
 so that I was short of cash. But my phenomenal luck did 
 
 [ 18 ] 
 
REFUGEE SKETCHES 
 
 not desert me, for Mr. Vanderbilt's courier happened to be 
 in the office at the time and he identified me, whereupon 
 the man behind the desk took my personal check on New 
 York. Then I went to Genoa where I enjoyed perfect 
 comfort all the while." 
 
 MR. HOLMES' ACCOUNT 
 
 <I Mr. E. T. Holmes, President of the Holmes Electric Mr. Holmes 
 Protective Company, was at Aix les Bains during the first 
 days after the declaration war. He narrates: 
 
 "On Monday morning, August third, I was at Aix les 
 Bains with many other Americans, amongst them Admiral 
 Ward, Mortimer Schiff, Cary Sanger, Daniel Guggenheim, 
 Major Curley, and Norman Mack, of New York. We 
 foreigners held a meeting at ten A. M., and formed the 
 'Association of Americans and British in Aix les Bains' 
 with xAdmiral Ward as President, Mr. Cary Sanger and an 
 Englishman as Vice Presidents, and Mr. Mortimer Schiff 
 as Treasurer. Messages were sent to Ambassadors Herrick 
 at Paris and Page at Rome, and to the State Department 
 at Washington. 
 
 "Since the last Friday, a vast change had come over Aix. 
 On that evening, everything was going as usual, — music, 
 entertainments, and gayety; Saturday night at eleven, all 
 had stopped. Cooks began leaving their kitchens; waiters, 
 porters, even proprietors were departing. Sunday morning, 
 there was hardly a native man left in iVix. The good-byes 
 of all day Sunday and the crying of the women and children 
 will never vanish from my mind. 
 
 [ 19 ] 
 
A REFUGEE SHIP 
 
 "No one had been able to get near a bank for three days, 
 so that many Americans of wealth had less than twenty-five 
 dollars in their pockets. The hotels had agreed to take care 
 of their guests and to accept personal checks for board. 
 Five francs seemed like fifty dollars, and no one felt like 
 letting a single franc get away. Monday, the situation was 
 more calm, until in the afternoon, when we were startled 
 by big printed bulletins posted on every hotel which said 
 that all strangers must be out of Aix by midnight, Tuesday. 
 
 "The hotel proprietors rushed to the office of the Mayor 
 and to the Chief of Police to find out what it all meant. 
 They came back with the welcome information that 
 strangers who could show that they had plenty of means 
 of support could remain if they were vouched for and if the 
 proprietors of their hotels had agreed to take care of them. 
 Lists of all guests and their home addresses were filed with 
 the Chief of Police. I was struck by the severity of the 
 measure which turned all strangers out of the various Euro- 
 pean countries without providing for their means of depar- 
 ture. All but Frenchmen had to leave France, all but 
 Swiss had to go from Switzerland, and all but Germans, 
 from Germany. Many of the Swiss who were in Aix were 
 forced to walk from the city. 
 
 "On Tuesday, the French Government took horses away 
 from everybody, even commandeering five from a woman's 
 private stable. They also took many automobiles, mostly 
 cars of about twenty horse power, seeming not to want 
 the high power machines. 
 
 "On Wednesday afternoon, I received the foil owing wire 
 from my friend, Mr. R. A. C. Smith, whom I had expected 
 
 [ 20 J 
 
REFUGEE SKETCHES 
 
 to meet in Aix: 'Suggest that you join us in Milan where 
 we can get to some Southern port.' I sent a fifty word reply 
 saying that it was impossible for us to get out of Aix at the 
 time. An hour later, I received another communication: 
 'We are leaving for Genoa, Hotel Miramare, Smith.' My 
 first thought was to go there also, so that I engaged a motor 
 to carry us the next morning to Modane on the Italian 
 border. However, after more deliberation, I decided that 
 my party of seven could not afford to leave this place where 
 we were sure of lodgings, in order to go to Genoa, when we 
 did not know what difficulties we might encounter there, 
 so that we settled down to await further developments. 
 About five o'clock Friday, I received a wire from Mr. Smith 
 that almost took the legs from under me. 'Have chartered 
 ship with the American Consul, sailing Wednesday. Re- 
 serving accommodations for you. Must know quick.' I 
 immediately asked the proprietor of my hotel if I could 
 get passports for my party the next morning at nine o'clock 
 as soon as the Mayor's office opened. He replied that I 
 could if we had had our pictures taken. We had done this, 
 for almost everybody in Aix had been having his picture 
 taken during the last few days, since announcement had 
 been made that the Laissez Passer permitting strangers 
 to leave France would have to bear the holder's photograph. 
 After receiving my information from the proprietor, I told 
 my party to pack at once, so that we might depart the next 
 morning at nine o'clock. 
 
 "Then I rushed to the American Garage and with the 
 great help of Mr. Nelson Robinson of West 55th Street, 
 New York, who knew the proprietor, engaged a high power 
 
 [21 ] 
 
A REFUGEE SHIP 
 
 limousine car and a truck for baggage at a cost of one 
 thousand francs ($200.00) each, giving my personal check 
 in payment. 
 
 "At nine-twenty the next morning, we had our Laissez 
 Passer's and at ten o'clock we were off, much to the amaze- 
 ment of the other guests in Aix, who were astounded that 
 we should take a chance at getting through to Italy. 
 Their wonderment was not unfounded, for the town had 
 been full of moving troops for two days and we had con- 
 stantly heard reports of the confiscation of automobiles 
 and gasolene, yet I decided to try my luck. During the 
 seventy-five mile drive from Aix to Modane, we were 
 stopped seventeen times by soldiers, who on two occasions 
 pointed their guns directly at me. Our little French flags 
 at the windshield and our passports served to get us through, 
 however, without difficulty every time, especially after 
 our French maid had exchanged a few jovial words with 
 the guards. 
 
 "At one place, the soldiers had barricaded the road with 
 logs, and in two other places, with chains. Three times 
 we became entangled with regiments of moving cavalry 
 and supply wagons. Once we passed a train made up of 
 twenty-eight coaches full of Italian refugees who were 
 fleeing from France. They were crowded in coaches of all 
 kinds, — second and third class, and even in box cars 
 provided with boards for seats. 
 
 "We arrived in Modane at three thirty, and there dis- 
 covered that the next train would leave for Turin at six. 
 After the customs officers had examined our baggage and 
 we had had this checked to Genoa, we purchased first class 
 
 [ 22 ] 
 
REFUGEE SKETCHES 
 
 tickets to this port, paying out good money, of which we had 
 very little. The railroad officials told us that the train 
 would be made up there, but six o'clock came without any 
 evidence of a train. A little later, we were told that one 
 would soon come along, and at six forty-five, the terrible 
 train of twenty-eight coaches full of Italian laborers pulled 
 into the station. I could not believe that this was the one 
 we were to take, but the officials insisted that it was the 
 last and only one going to Turin that night, and since 
 Modane was even a worse proposition than that train, we 
 boarded it bag and baggage and went into a compartment — 
 seven of us — already filled. Five of my party finally 
 succeeded in finding seats, but the other two of us had to 
 sit on our baggage in the corridor. Six hours spent in the 
 worst Italian settlement in New York could be no worse 
 than the six hours spent on that train. Our only meal that 
 night consisted of a few rolls left over from luncheon and a 
 bottle of water — a fare just as plain as that of the peasants 
 all around us. We finally arrived at Turin at two o'clock 
 in the morning. 
 
 "From Turin, we proceeded to Genoa under usual con- 
 ditions. Here I made connections with Mr. Smith and se- 
 cured a passage on the Principe di Udine. 
 
 "During this anxious week, I had heard from one sister 
 in Lucerne and another in London, but I could not get in 
 communication with a young lady cousin who was traveling 
 with a party of ten in charge of an Italian courier. I had 
 met her in Venice, and I knew from her itinerary that she 
 must be somewhere between Interlaken and Genoa, and 
 I was worrying about her continually, since I did not think 
 
 r 23 1 
 
A REFUGEE SHIP 
 
 that I could possibly sail without her. As fortune would 
 have it, at dinner that first night in Genoa, a woman came 
 up to me and asked if I were Mr. Holmes. Upon learning 
 that I was Mr. Holmes, she asked if I had lost trace of a 
 cousin. I at once replied that I certainly had. Then she 
 said, 'Well, she is within forty minutes of this hotel; I was 
 talking with her this afternoon at a bathing beach, and 
 she told me that she wished that she could find a cousin 
 of hers, a Mr. Holmes of New York'. 
 
 "I had the porter call up the Hotel at Pegli and ask for 
 Miss Holmes. She came to the telephone, and within 
 five minutes, I was talking with the person about whom I 
 had been worrying for a week. The next morning, she 
 was at my hotel ready to sail with me. I felt heartily glad 
 to know that all my relatives in Europe were safe at last." 
 
 MRS. VANDERBILTS STORY 
 
 Mrs. vanderbiit <| ]y[ rs Frederick W. Vanderbilt was living at the Miramonti 
 Hotel in Cortina when the disturbance broke out. 
 
 "We personally experienced no exciting adventures or 
 hardships," she said; "but all about us we saw the suffering 
 and pain brought on by the war. At my hotel — managed 
 by a woman whose husband was a captain in the Austrian 
 army — we felt the grip of military activities as soon as war 
 was declared. 
 
 "When I first arrived at the Miramonti, I found the 
 establishment so quiet and undisturbed that I never dreamed 
 it would become the scene of sighs and tears. Red- 
 
 [ 24 ] 
 
REFUGEE SKETCHES 
 
 cheeked maids, clad in those picturesque peasant costumes 
 with the short skirts and beaded bodices, smiled from 
 morning till night as they cared for our wants. Then 
 suddenly one day, the captain received orders to report at 
 his post. Not long after, the two stalwart sons had to go, 
 leaving the woman alone with her maids and a little boy to 
 manage the house. This seemed intolerable enough, yet 
 the government increased her burden by confiscating all 
 her horses, even her little boy's black pony. 
 
 ''Everywhere in the hills, we saw evidences of similar 
 hardships. Weak remnants of families — feeble grandfathers 
 and little children — struggled to complete the harvests 
 their sturdy men had left unfinished. One day, I saw an 
 old man, assisted by two women and a young boy, pulling 
 an oxcart to the fields where they were probably going to 
 load it with grain. The war had deprived them even of their 
 beasts of burden. How they will live if the fighting con- 
 tinues, I cannot imagine. 
 
 "We had to leave Cortina because the train and motor 
 service was to stop shortly. Later, we met some Boston 
 people who had arrived at our hotel after we had gone. 
 They said that the place had been closed because of 
 scarlet fever. The little boy had been taken with this 
 terrible disease soon after our departure. The Boston 
 people tried to help the poor woman, but they could offer 
 no aid, since all the doctors in the vicinity had gone to the 
 front. They had to leave her there, alone, without help, 
 without means, and with a deathly sick child. I shudder 
 to think of it." 
 
 [ 2.5 ] 
 
\J- 
 
 "V- 
 
 |j||gE=?^s^= A REFUGEE SHIP 
 
 — —— - DR. PARKERS ADVENTURE 
 
 -Z -r'ZZ q Dr. and Mrs. Virgil F. Parker, of Brooklyn, New York, 
 experienced one of the most trying adventures heard on 
 Dr. Parker board the ship. Dr. Parker told the following story: 
 
 "Mrs. Parker and I had just ended a motor trip at San 
 Sabastian, Spain, when the war broke out. On Saturday, 
 August first, we boarded a train for Marseilles in order to 
 make our boat — the Canada of the Fabre Line — back 
 to America on the following Monday. In San Sabastian 
 we knew nothing whatsoever about a war between France 
 and Germany. Only after we had passed the French 
 border and had seen soldiers guarding the tracks and tun- 
 nels everywhere and the fields destitute of men, did we 
 surmise that something unusual was going on. Then hordes 
 of French peasants began to pour into our train. At every 
 station, more crowded in until not another person could 
 have climbed on board. Fifteen people pushed their way 
 into our compartment built to accommodate eight. My wife 
 and I were jammed into our seats so tightly that we could not 
 move; to make matters worse, a big, fat peasant suddenly 
 plumped himself upon my lap. I protested vehemently, but 
 he could not understand English and I could not speak 
 French, so that my objections affected him as little as if I 
 were giving a monologue in Patagonian about the next 
 tribal bear hunt. My legs had hardly become inured to the 
 pressure of his two hundred pounds, when a new calamity 
 came upon us. A woman, too tired to stand any longer, 
 seated herself in the open window, effectually shutting off 
 our already meager supply of fresh air. 
 
 [ 26 ] 
 
REFUGEE SKETCHES 
 
 "For twenty-seven long hours we sat in that inferno. 
 From Saturday afternoon until Sunday night, we endured 
 a torture I had believed impossible this side of Purgatory. 
 I tried my utmost to secure food, but without success, 
 for I could not budge from my seat to get at the scanty 
 supply sold by the vendors at the stations. Fortunately, 
 Mrs. Parker found a shriveled lemon in her handbag, for- 
 gotten there since we had left America more than a month 
 before. By squeezing and rolling it between my hands, I 
 succeeded in pressing out fifteen precious drops. We had 
 never appreciated the delicious flavor of lemons before this 
 time. I am willing to wager that no Olympian god ever 
 enjoyed his nectar more than we did that sour juice. The 
 relief which the two drops of water of parable fame would 
 have afforded the Rich Man in Gehenna would shrink into 
 insignificance compared to the refreshment we derived from 
 our withered lemon. During twenty-seven tortuous hours, 
 hours of heat, smoke, cinders, and foul air, no other 
 nourishment passed our lips. I never realized up to that 
 time how much agony a human body can endure. 
 
 "We learned afterwards that our train was the last one 
 carrying civilians over the Pyrenees. Even though two 
 engines pulled it all the way, we made so many stops and 
 went so slowly that we covered only about 350 miles in 
 those terrible twenty-seven hours. 
 
 "During the next two days, Monday and Tuesday, we 
 lived in the midst of mobilization activities. Marseilles 
 fairly shook with the tramp of marching feet ; thousands upon 
 thousands of men poured in from the surrounding country 
 to this point of concentration. Very quickly, lodging 
 
A REFUGEE SHIP 
 
 accommodations gave out, so that the incoming people had to 
 sleep in the parks and streets. They crowded into the open 
 square in front of our hotel like a lot of sheep into a fold, 
 trampling on the grass and flower beds with ruthless un- 
 concern. Some wore soldiers costumes, some wore the 
 red trousers of the French army with ordinary civilian 
 coats; many carried round loaves of bread strapped to their 
 backs because the price of foodstuffs was rising daily and 
 rumor had it that the supply would give out shortly. 
 
 "At all hours of the night, the heroic Marseillaise burst 
 forth from excited throats. Even though I was in straits 
 because of the very situation which led to the singing of 
 that song, its stirring melody and martial rhythm thrilled 
 me through and through. 
 
 "On Monday, we learned that the Canada would not 
 sail, since the government had ordered her to report with 
 the fleet as a hospital ship. Before we made this dis- 
 covery, we had put our trunks on board, so that we now 
 gave them up for lost. Luckily, however, our porters 
 succeeded in carrying them down the gang-plank just 
 before the vessel pulled out. Right after this, we received 
 the information that the banks refused to cash travelers' 
 checks and letters of credit. I had $300.00 in American 
 Express Company's checks and three francs in cash. By 
 dint of some of the most economical buying we have ever 
 done in our lives, Mrs. Parker and I made that sixty cents 
 purchase three meals, and you may believe me that ten 
 cent luncheons and dinners looked pretty slim after a twenty- 
 seven hours fast. 
 
 [ 28 ] 
 
REFUGEE SKETCHES 
 
 "Monday afternoon, we went to our consulate where we 
 found fifteen fellow countrymen in similar hard straits. 
 The seventeen of us swore eternal allegiance and fidelity 
 to our little band. The consul told us that the French 
 government had issued orders that all foreigners must leave 
 Marseilles by midnight Tuesday, and also that no one 
 would be allowed to go without first getting permission 
 from the Chief of Police. These commands put us into a 
 pretty plight, for none of us knew of any available trains 
 or boats leaving the city. We felt as helpless as prisoners 
 tied hand and foot in a dungeon who might be ordered to fly. 
 
 "By the time Mrs. Parker and I had walked back to our 
 hotel — we had not any money to squander on either cab 
 or car fares — we were almost ready to have ourselves arrested 
 as spies, for in prison we could at least obtain food and 
 drink. Our proprietor told us that the hotel rates had 
 advanced all over the city, at which I took great pains to 
 explain to him that if he increased the charges for our 
 accommodations, he might just as well put our baggage into 
 the street at once, because we absolutely could not afford to 
 pay more than the usual price. He kindly allowed us to remain. 
 
 "Not long afterward, a riot broke out in the street not 
 far from our hotel. A huge mob of mad Frenchmen began 
 to storm two shops owned by Germans. First they hurled 
 brickbats and cobble stones into the windows of a jewelry 
 store and after they had completely ruined the contents 
 of this place, they turned upon the establishment of a 
 furniture dealer. In both instances, they destroyed the 
 merchandise without taking any of it for plunder. Such 
 hatred made my blood run cold. 
 
 [ 29 ] 
 
A REFUGEE SHIP 
 
 "Late Tuesday afternoon — in fact, so late that I could not 
 notify the other Americans — I received a 'tip' that a boat 
 carrying refugee German officers and civilians would sail 
 for Genoa at midnight, and that Mrs. Parker and I might 
 go along, if we could get the necessary permission from the 
 Chief of Police. We hurriedly packed our baggage, giving 
 one trunkful of clothes, for which we had no urgent need, 
 to the hotel proprietor in return for his kindness in allowing 
 us to stay in his establishment at the normal rates, and 
 rushed to the police station. To our dismay, we found this 
 place closed for the day. In desperation, we decided to 
 try to board the boat without the Chief's permission. 
 
 "On our way to the dock, we saw scores of deserted 
 wagons in the streets, left standing in their tracks by the 
 officers who had commandeered the horses. We passed one 
 square filled with these animals, proud racers standing 
 side by side with clumsy toilers of the fields. A soldier 
 clad in blue and red went from horse to horse painting 
 large white numerals on their necks. The white paint on 
 his brush erased all distinction of blood and breed; each 
 horse lost his identity and became a cipher. 
 
 "Very few automobiles except those in the government 
 service were to be seen on the streets, for the military had 
 also commandeered motor vehicles. Those being used by 
 the army flew little French flags at their windshields. 
 
 "When we arrived at the dock, we found a squad of 
 French soldiers standing guard at the gang-plank ready to 
 take the Germans as prisoners of war if the ship did not 
 get under way at midnight. By a happy chance, no one 
 
 [ 30 ] 
 
REFUGEE SKETCHES 
 
 asked for our permit from the Chief of Police, so that we 
 slipped on board, feeling very thankful for our good luck. 
 Nevertheless, we were far from being calm until the whistle 
 announcing our departure sounded over the harbor, and I 
 am pretty certain that some of those dignified German offi- 
 cers breathed a secret sigh of relief when they heard the 
 blast, even though they did pretend to feel quite stoical 
 about the whole matter." 
 
 FROM TRIESTE TO SAN GIORGIO 
 
 <I Mr. Louis D. Ray of 15 West 84th Street, New York Mr - Ray 
 City, related the following experience : 
 
 "On Tuesday afternoon, August fourth, Mrs. Ray and I 
 were sailing on the Austrian Lloyd steamship Galicia 
 through the Straits of Otranto, just beyond Corfu, having 
 come from Constantinople and the Piraeus. In the Straits, 
 we saw an English fleet of four gunboats and four torpedo 
 boat destroyers, but since England had not declared war 
 at that time, our Austrian boat was not molested. Wednes- 
 day morning, we passed an Austrian fleet of three torpedo 
 boats, two cruisers, and a dreadnought at target practice, 
 an event which gave us an opportunity to see their marks- 
 manship. I thought this very poor, since they hit the canvas 
 only about once in seven trials. Thursday afternoon, we 
 sighted Trieste, our port, and when we arrived there, we 
 found the harbor almost dead; besides our vessel, nothing 
 else was moving except another arriving ship and our tender, 
 although there were sixty or seventy boats at anchor. 
 
 [ 31 ] 
 
A REFUGEE SHIP 
 
 "Almost as soon as we had landed, we were informed that 
 all train and boat service to Italy had been cut off and that 
 if we wished to continue our way there, we would have to 
 either try our luck on a troop train or hire a motor. The 
 next day, we decided to do the latter. Before starting, 
 we had to get a permit from the chief of police, a Captain 
 Lonec. We first went to the police station, thinking that 
 he would naturally be there, but we found this place in 
 charge of an Italian who carefully inspected our passports 
 and then told us that we were in the wrong establishment 
 and that we must see Captain Lonec personally, whom we 
 would find at the barracks. After receiving this information 
 we proceeded to the barracks, where Ave found soldiers 
 everywhere. Since saluting seemed to be the proper thing 
 to do, I saluted everybody I saw and everybody saluted in 
 return with the greatest courtesy. We had to take places 
 in a line which had formed at the Captain's door, and when 
 our turn arrived, we explained our desires carefully and in 
 great detail, keeping our passports on display all the while. 
 
 "Captain Lonec treated us with marked courtesy, al- 
 most with cordiality, but while he was writing our police 
 permit, he received three messages, one of which changed 
 his attitude toward us from gallant attention to mere civility. 
 This message informed him that Austria and Russia had 
 broken off diplomatic connections and that the American 
 Consul in Trieste would take charge of the Russian affairs 
 there. Since we were, therefore, distantly connected with 
 Russia — being Americans — he felt less cordially inclined 
 toward us. He transacted our business, however, with 
 all desirable dispatch, and, with a formal salute, dis- 
 missed US. r gg l 
 
REFUGEE SKETCHES 
 
 "Then we started our motor trip up the wonderful moun- 
 tains which lie at the head of the Adriatic above Trieste. 
 We wound up and up for three thousand feet, catching 
 beautiful vistas everywhere of green valleys interspersed 
 with gleaming white houses and silvery rivers. Half way 
 up, a soldier stopped us and demanded our permit. This 
 he 'read' upside down, pronounced good, and then allowed 
 us to pass. About a quarter of a mile further on, another 
 guard stopped us, this time with a fixed bayonet. He, too, 
 demanded our permit. After carefully comparing the 
 number of our car with that on the paper, he also allowed 
 us to proceed. We had gone about a half mile more, when 
 a young blond giant, whose arms and legs extended 
 for yards beyond his trousers and sleeves, commanded us 
 to halt. He demanded our permit in the usual manner, 
 but instead of pretending to read it, took it to his superior, 
 while we carefully followed him. The officer gave his O.K. 
 and allowed us to go on. At the seventh repetition of this 
 procedure, my interpreter carelessly lost patience and 
 swore at the soldier who had stopped us, whereupon the 
 latter increased his severity at once by demanding that we 
 unlock our trunks and bags for his inspection. I was per- 
 fectly willing to help him in his task, because I had come 
 to the conclusion that the safest attitude to adopt, if we 
 wished to get to Italy, was one of extreme civility. 
 
 "All went well in his search through two suitcases, three 
 bags and one trunk until I had lifted the tray of the last 
 named article, thereby exposing a Turkish coffee mill that 
 we had bought in Constantinople. When the soldier saw 
 this utensil, which resembles a piece of bronze pipe eight 
 
 [ 33 ] 
 
A REFUGEE SHIP 
 
 inches long by two in diameter, he thought that he had 
 discovered a Servian bomb, and was about to put us 
 under arrest. Mrs. Ray quickly came to our rescue, how- 
 ever, by hurriedly attaching the handle of the grinder and 
 milling a few grains of coffee which fortunately remained in 
 the 'infernal machine' from the last demonstration, and 
 then holding the article close to the Austrian's nose, so that 
 he might smell the odor of the berries. Even he appreciated 
 the humor of the situation, and, with a grin, put the grinder 
 back. 
 
 "Guards stopped us two more times and examined our 
 baggage once more before we reached Cervignano, the 
 town at the Austro-Italian border. Here the customs 
 officers inspected it, but luckily, they did not discover 
 the Turkish coffee mill. 
 
 "At this place, we had to change from our motor to a 
 peasant's wagon that my interpreter had succeeded in 
 ferreting out from a countryside destitute of horses and 
 conveyances. We had wanted to go as far as San Giorgio 
 in the automobile, but the chauffeur did not dare to take it 
 out of Austria. After our ride in the peasant's wagon, we 
 experienced no more refugee 'hardships,' since we went all 
 the rest of the way to Genoa on regular trains." 
 
 MR. THANHOUSER'S SKETCH 
 
 Mr. Thanhouser <| Mr. Edwin Thanhouser, of New York City, tells just a 
 few words. He said: 
 
 "The tragedy of it all came upon me in one brief second. 
 One morning early, I stood at my bedroom window in 
 
 [ 34 ] 
 
REFUGEE SKETCHES 
 
 Argentiere watching a troop train pull out. The recruits 
 shouted the Marseillaise with tremendous enthusiasm. 
 The ardor with which they sang thrilled me through and 
 through. Then suddenly, while their shouting still echoed 
 in the distance, I heard a great wail below me and looking 
 down, I saw the mother and sister of one of those boys 
 sobbing as if their hearts would break. Never before have 
 I experienced such a dramatic effect, — first the song and 
 then the sob. It was tragic." 
 
 THE BOMBARDMENT OF BELGRADE 
 
 Dr. Louis 0. Hartman, of Chicago, Superintendent of Dr. Hartman 
 the Foreign Department of the Methodist Episcopal Board 
 of Sunday Schools, was in Servia at the outbreak of hostil- 
 ities. He chanced to be in Semlin on July twenty-ninth, 
 the day the Austrians first attacked Servia, and gives the 
 following account of the bombardment of Belgrade: 
 
 "Just before my two friends and I arrived in Semlin, that 
 little Servian town across the Danube from Belgrade, the 
 natives blew up the railroad bridge connecting the two 
 cities. About ten minutes after our arrival, the bombard- 
 ment began. It all happened so unexpectedly that I could 
 not believe my own ears or eyes. I felt at first that it was all 
 being staged for the benefit of an audience; that the shells 
 which burst from the cannons did not really kill people 
 across the river, but only lodged harmlessly in a prepared 
 pit. Yet as the roar continued throughout the day, the 
 horror of it all began to crush me. 
 
 "The battle started when the Austrian warships steamed 
 out of their places of shelter and moved up the Danube to 
 
 \ 35 1 
 
A REFUGEE SHIP 
 
 a location from which they could open an effective fire 
 upon the forts behind the city. With revengeful violence, 
 they vomited broadside after broadside upon the age-old 
 fortress of Belgrade, the nursery of anti-Austrian sentiment. 
 Thick clouds of smoke hung over the vessels and the steady 
 roar of their guns detonated through the historic valley. 
 The Servians replied by firing at the ships, but their shells 
 caused no damage. 
 
 "That the Austrian cannonading was producing havoc in 
 the city, however, soon became apparent. Buildings caught 
 fire and burned with tremendous fury. Great volumes of 
 black smoke rolled over the district near Prince Michael 
 Street. The mass spread and became more dense until 
 it almost blotted out that part of the town. All day, the 
 Austrians hurled shell against the enemy, and all day the 
 fort tried vainly to retaliate. 
 
 "Towards evening, however, both sides gradually ceased 
 firing, and as the sun slowly sank in a golden splendor far 
 too brilliant for the close of such a tragic day, the Austrian 
 warships steamed silently back to their retreats. 
 
 "All day long an expectant and dramatic hush had hung 
 over Semlin. People talked in undertones and walked 
 swiftly, almost stealthily, when they appeared on the 
 streets. Very few shopkeepers had opened their estab- 
 lishments because very few customers would care to trade 
 on a day so eventful as this. Besides, a feeling of un- 
 easiness pervaded the town; everyone seemed to harbor a 
 secret notion that the firing might be turned upon us at any 
 minute. I noticed this anxiety everywhere; my waiter per- 
 formed his duties with irritating distraction. I asked for 
 
 [ 36 ] 
 
REFUGEE SKETCHES 
 
 coffee three times at luncheon and then received tea. But 
 realizing his state of mind, I felt that his inattention might 
 well be forgiven. 
 
 "After the ships had withdrawn, more people came into 
 the streets, but all still maintained an air of uneasiness. 
 One old Serb near me pointed to the western sky, muttering 
 sentences unintelligible to my ear. I looked to where I had 
 noticed the marvelously golden sunset but a few moments 
 earlier and, to my surprise, I saw a sky of blood. One 
 might have thought that a Supreme Hand had dashed a 
 brush red with human gore against the blue canvas of the 
 heavens. Probably the old Serb read a prophecy in the 
 transformation of that sunset, and was muttering about 
 the horrible days it presaged. 
 
 "That evening, while we were eating Hungarian goulash 
 in our hotel with two English war correspondents, the 
 noise of bombardment once more thundered through the 
 valley. We all hurried out into the darkness leaving the 
 meal half untouched to see what new attack was taking 
 place. We found that the Austrians had come forth again 
 and had resumed their terrific firing, this time with the 
 aid of a powerful searchlight. The sharp inquisitive gleam 
 of this instrument sought out vulnerable spots in the enemy's 
 position and when it had discovered a favorable target, 
 the ship's guns shot forth sharp flashes of fire which an- 
 nounced that the gunners had hurled destruction at the 
 marks pointed out to them. Spurts of flame like tiny dis- 
 charges of lightning coming from the hill behind Belgrade 
 showed that the fort still held out. Belgrade had lighted 
 its street lamps in spite of the bombardment. We could 
 
 [ 37 ] 
 
A REFUGEE SHIP 
 
 distinguish the different thoroughfares by the paths of 
 illumination, and everywhere we could see the little bits of 
 brilliance which signified windows and doors. 
 
 "It was a night of contrasts. From above, a new moon 
 shed a faint, peaceful radiance upon wide sleeping fields. 
 Below, the Austrian searchlight swept the river and Belgrade 
 with vindictive brightness. Intervals of ominous silence, 
 after a series of thundering broadsides, produced a distinct 
 sensation upon our ears. With the shifting of the wind, 
 we smelled alternately the pungent smoke of battle or the 
 earthly fragrance of newly harvested fields. Even though 
 the reality of the conflict had come fully upon me during 
 the day, towards the late hours of the evening, I once again 
 vaguely sensed, with that uncertainty which a person feels 
 in a dream, that it all could not be true, that a stage man- 
 ager stood somewhere behind the wings directing the 
 production. It took place with too much precision; it 
 was too 'perfect' a battle. With the vessels steaming up 
 the placid river and firing upon the fort and with the fort 
 replying quite precisely, the whole bombardment seemed 
 too much a matter of fact, too perfunctory, an affair which 
 did not greatly concern either contestant. When I went 
 back to my hotel, however, — about two hours later, after 
 the Austrians had again withdrawn — and saw the strained 
 faces of the men and the tear-wet eyes of the Avomen, the 
 earnestness of it all struck me with renewed force. 
 
 "My party left Semlin that evening on the last train 
 taking civilians. As we rolled away from the scene of the 
 conflict, we wondered what the outcome of that battle 
 would be. Little did we realize that the firing we had 
 
 [ 38 ] 
 
REFUGEE SKETCHES 
 
 witnessed would go down in the annals of mankind as the 
 beginning of one of the most frightful world wars history 
 will ever record." 
 
 IN SWITZERLAND 
 
 <I During the first few days following the outbreak of in Switzerland 
 international hostilities, many Americans thought that 
 Switzerland might be the country of refuge, but they quickly 
 discovered the error of this notion, for the rush of Europe's 
 dominant powers into the maelstrom of military activities 
 sucked in the little Mountain Republic almost at once. 
 
 $ When the mobilization calls in Switzerland took pro- 
 prietors, concierges, and waiters from hotels; cabmen, 
 chauffeurs, and automobiles from the streets, the foreign 
 visitors were forced to go. One of the passengers, who was 
 a guest at the Hotel Alexandra in Lausanne at the time, 
 told of the situation with great feeling. 
 
 "I felt such pity for the men who had to quit their 
 wives and families and occupations because in a far-off land 
 a maniac had killed an archduke who meant nothing to 
 them. One could see that they had no interest in the fight. 
 A waiter in our hotel came in to serve tea one afternoon, 
 upset with surpressed emotion. I remarked that he looked 
 unwell. He replied with terrible bitterness, 'Madame, I am 
 aflame inside. After I have served you this afternoon, I 
 must go to war, not because we have been wronged, not 
 for our liberty, but because a madman wants to change a 
 map. For his insane idea, we must give up our lives.' 
 
 [ 39 ] 
 
A REFUGEE SHIP 
 
 "On another occasion, I overheard one of those young 
 foreigners who come to Lausanne to learn the hotel busi- 
 ness — in this case an Englishman — say with a great deal 
 of feeling, 'Just now, I have said good-bye to four dear 
 friends, a German, a Frenchman, an Austrian, and a Swiss. 
 We drank one last toast to our eternal friendship. Now 
 they have gone to fight against one another. Perhaps my 
 government will call me, so that I, too, may have to take 
 up arms against them.' Two days later, he was called. 
 
 "It seems to me that this great twentieth century con- 
 flict will teach us that we all — French, English, American, 
 or Servian — belong to one great family, and that when one 
 nation turns against another, we all suffer. 
 
 "My own personal experiences are probably the same as 
 those of all Americans who were in Switzerland at the time. 
 On Tuesday, August fourth, only four days after the be- 
 ginning of war activities, all the horses in Lausanne had 
 disappeared. We tried all day to get our baggage to the 
 station but we could find no conveyance. After we had 
 given up all hope of ever getting it to the train, our courier 
 appeared with what he said was the last horse in the city, 
 an old beast, too decrepit for military service. This poor 
 creature pulled our trunks to the station, while we women — 
 six of us — walked, for we absolutely could not get a carriage. 
 
 "Before we left Lausanne, we saw hotels being closed all 
 about us. The men had gone to the front, and the maids 
 had gone to the harvest fields, in order to save the precious 
 crops from rotting. 
 
 "Everywhere we found Americans in distress. The 
 banks had refused to cash checks, so that no one could pay 
 
 [ 40 ] 
 
REFUGEE SKETCHES 
 
 hotel bills. Some proprietors began to ask payment be- 
 cause they had to pay cash for their milk and food, and the 
 guests could give them no money. What the Americans 
 will do when the hotels close, I cannot imagine. As it was, 
 many did not have enough money in cash to leave Switzer- 
 land. Perhaps they will have to walk as the Italian 
 workers in Germany and Switzerland did. We saw thous- 
 ands of these poor people with only the clothes on their 
 backs and the little things they could carry, struggling 
 to reach Italy. All their larger effects had to be left behind. 
 "It was all horrible. My sympathy has been worn thread- 
 bare. I only wish that I could help the Americans who are 
 still there." 
 
 FRAGMENTS FROM A PERSONAL JOURNAL 
 
 Saturday 
 
 ^ August 1. Today is the Swiss mid-summer patriotic 
 day, but for the first time in many hundreds of years — 
 somebody said 633 — it was not celebrated. All the fetes 
 planned for the day were abruptly abandoned, because 
 word had gone out that the army must mobilize. Crowds of 
 men surrounded government placards everywhere learning 
 where and when they were to report. I went into a con- 
 fectionery shop to buy some candy. The old Swiss woman 
 who waited on me said as she sold me some little red ices 
 each of which was decorated with a white cross, 'This is the 
 only celebration we can have today." 
 
 Sunday 
 
 August 2. The bulletin boards are still the centers of 
 excited groups. Soldiers hurried through the Place St. 
 
 [ 41 ] 
 
 A Personal 
 Journal 
 
A REFUGEE SHIP 
 
 Francois all day, and nearly every man not in uniform wore 
 a little Swiss flag. The pigeons fluttered as usual above the 
 vivid flowers clustered about the church entrance, but no 
 one noticed them. The old grey edifice was crowded to the 
 vestibule and the tremendous volume which issued from 
 all of these throats when they sang that cry of a troubled 
 and defenseless human soul "A mighty fortress is our God, 
 a bulwark never yielding" sounded far across the Square. 
 The good pastor, an eloquent man, besought the people to 
 "be strong and of good courage." 
 
 Monday 
 
 August 3. Our waiters are all leaving. Some of them 
 do not want to go at all. One said this noon with terrible 
 emphasis, "This is a war of Emperors and the Emperors 
 will hear from us after it is over." 
 
 The proprietor has changed our menus ; we have been put 
 on reduced rations. They say that the food supply of 
 Switzerland is not sufficient to provide for the people if 
 the country passes through a long period of isolation. 
 
 My tailor said today that he was going to close, since both 
 his customers and his workmen have all left. I did not 
 think that the war would affect even the tailors in less than 
 a week. 
 
 IN GERMANY 
 
 Prof. Newboid <j[ Professor Newbold, of the University of Pennyslvania, 
 was one of the many Americans caught in Austria's Spas. 
 His narrative tells of the way in which Americans learned 
 
 f 42 1 
 
REFUGEE SKETCHES 
 
 of the hostilities and of the manner in which they left the 
 belligerent country. He said: 
 
 "I was at Bad Gastein on July 25th, the day Servia's 
 refusal to accept Austria's demands reached the public. 
 I happened to be in the hotel lobby when a man came in 
 with the news. At first, I thought that the air would be 
 filled with jingoistic talk, but to my surprise, the Austrians 
 evinced only gravity and concern. The crowd in the lobby 
 broke up into little groups who talked in serious undertones 
 about the unexpected complications. 
 
 "We guests felt the disturbance of war at once. The 
 very next morning at nine o'clock, the proprietor informed 
 us that the last trains to Vienna and Budapest would leave 
 Gastein at midnight. On hearing this news, all the people 
 going north packed and rushed to the station. During the 
 following week, patients from all parts of the world flocked 
 from the Spa. Probably 1000 went in five days. 
 
 "When Austria called for a general mobilization, the 
 abject misery of the men who would have to defend Kaiser 
 and Krone filled me with sorrow. When my waiter learned 
 that he had to go, he burst into tears. 'We don't want to 
 fight/ he said; 'but what can we do? We have had no 
 Reichstag. A few old men in Vienna put their heads to- 
 gether, and say we should go to kill some other people who 
 feel just the way we do, and then we must do it.' 
 
 "On Saturday, we went to Salzburg where we found 
 pitiable desertion. Men, horses, automobiles, — all had been 
 drafted into the army. From Salzburg, we went to 
 Freilass, at the German border. Here we had to stop while 
 
 [ 43 1 
 
A REFUGEE SHIP 
 
 the officials inspected our papers and baggage. Con- 
 fusion reigned everywhere; all the porters had gone to the 
 war, so that the travelers had to carry their own luggage. 
 The men did not mind this work greatly, but the women 
 experienced serious difficulties in lifting their heavy bags. 
 
 t"l 
 
 f 
 
 ■ 
 
 
 
 AN AUSTRIAN TRAIN DURING THE MOBILIZATION 
 
 [ 44 ] 
 
REFUGEE SKETCHES 
 
 The train to Munich filled up in a second, and even after 
 one would have said that not a single person more could 
 get on, a hundred more climbed aboard. People sat in the 
 corridors and in the narrow aisles between the seats, and 
 even in the windows. If Satan is modern enough to employ 
 trains to carry his victims from Purgatory to Gehenna, he 
 might well take that train from Freilass to Munich as a 
 criterion of torture. 
 
 "We reconciled ourselves to our discomfitures by thinking 
 that all our privations would be over when we arrived at 
 Munich, but when we reached this famous old city, we 
 found that we were stepping from the frying pan into the 
 fire. The scene at the station baffles description. We be- 
 came jammed between piles of baggage fifteen feet high, 
 and for a while, I thought that I should never get any 
 further into Munich. After some time of suffocation, 
 however, we finally reached the streets. These we found 
 full of singing soldiers. Die Wacht am Rhein and Deutsch- 
 land Uber Alles rang out from thousands of patriotic 
 throats. It was thrilling, but it also sent shivers down my 
 spine to hear that fervor to kill fellow beings. 
 
 "As soon as we had arrived at our hotel in Munich, we 
 learned that it would be best for us to depart from Ger- 
 many immediately. I met one of my former colleagues in 
 the Department of Philosophy at Pennsylvania, Professor 
 Fullerton of Columbia University and the University of 
 Vienna, who lives in Munich, and he advised me to go to 
 Switzerland, saying that the German government was 
 already quartering troops on the citizens. Even as he 
 spoke, an officer walked up to the hotel desk and asked for 
 a Quartierung. r 45 1 
 
A REFUGEE SHIP 
 
 "We took the last train out of Munich to Lindau, from 
 where we proceeded to Genoa. 
 
 "One of the incidents in connection with the war which 
 struck me with great force was the manner in which the 
 Austrian and German governments censored the news. 
 Three days after Italy had declared her neutrality, we still 
 read in the Kaiser's publications announcements of King 
 Emmanuel's readiness to fight with his allies in the Triple 
 Alliance. When the newspapers finally came forth with 
 the information that Italy was going to remain neutral, 
 they put it in such a light that the Austrians and Germans 
 could not perceive her unfriendly attitude. One Vienna 
 journal announced that for the present Italy would remain 
 neutral because she had 70,000 soldiers in Africa, and needed 
 the rest of her troops to defend her many miles of coastline. 
 Not until we had reached Genoa, did I learn of the true 
 attitude Italy had adopted towards the Alliance. 
 
 "I distinctly remember a conversation I had with 
 an Italian soldier who rode in our compartment to Genoa. 
 In reply to my question as to whether or not his country 
 would fight with Germany, he said, 'Surely we will fight. 
 We are bound in honor to do so. Yet it means our ruin; 
 our open coasts lie at the mercy of the English and French 
 fleets, but fight we must. However, I cannot help saying 
 that Germany did wrong in crossing Belgium after agreeing 
 to recognize her neutrality; such conduct is unpardonable — 
 it is a terrible dishonor to the Kaiser.' ' 
 
 [ 40 
 
THE UNOFFICIAL LOG 
 
THE UNOFFICIAL LOG 
 
 <I Logs of ships voyages are usually terribly exact accounts 
 which state the latitude, longitude, and precise hour of 
 events, their cause, effect, and instructive value, the names 
 of the witnesses, their homes, occupations and favorite 
 flowers, besides many other items of important inform- 
 ation; and for the purpose of official record, these logs pos- 
 sess great merit. But this one of the refugee voyage of the 
 Principe di Udine will be marked with little of that 
 desirable nautical precision, and for that reason, I have 
 carefully labeled it "Unofficial". 
 
 <& Probably no one of the refugees will ever forget the scene 
 at the Genoa wharf as the time for departure drew near. 
 Staggering porters and excited passengers bumped into 
 one another on the gang-plank; vendors of gaudy steamer 
 chairs competed with peddlers of cheap binoculars to get the 
 last few centissimi from the slim purses of the departing 
 voyagers. The poor, disappointed fellow-Americans, who 
 had to stay behind, tried to be cheerful and to wish us 
 enthusiastic "God-speeds" while the never-to-be-forgotten 
 Italian band struggled heroically to render the Star 
 Spangled Banner with enthusiasm and eclat. And cer- 
 tainly no one will forget the belated arrival of a large man 
 clad in a light linen suit who jumped aboard just as the 
 captain was about to order the gang-plank pulled in. 
 
 [ 49 1 
 
A REFUGEE SHIP 
 
 <I After this last refugee had reached the deck, the boat 
 began to move from the dock amidst a final pandemonium of 
 tooting whistles, shrill goodbyes, parting cheers, and more 
 vigorous and more discordant strains of the grand old 
 
 STAGGERING PORTERS AND HURRYING PASSENGERS 
 
 national anthem. Passengers crowded to the rails waving 
 their little American flags in final farewell, and shouting last 
 words of encouragement to the brave people whom we had 
 to leave in Genoa. Soon, the whole scene on the dock melted 
 into a confused mass of straw hats, colored umbrellas, and 
 
 [ 50 ] 
 
THE UNOFFICIAL LOG 
 
 dark suits; finally, even Dr. Jones, clad in a blue coat and 
 white flannels, on his little tug in our wake, became just a 
 speck of black and white against the water, and our refugee 
 trip across the Atlantic was on. 
 
 WAVING FINAL FAREWELLS FROM THE SHIP S RAIL 
 
 <I Probably no more unique voyage than this one of the 
 Pincipe di Udine has ever started from Genoa's historic 
 harbor since Columbus first blazed the way to America. 
 Never has a ship's company been made up of four hundred 
 tourists flying from the battle fumes of a general European 
 
 [ ol } 
 
A REFUGEE SHIP 
 
 conflict — unless possibly a few stray colonists rushed from 
 the roar of Napoleon's guns; what is more, probably very 
 few genuine refugees crossing the Atlantic have ever 
 enjoyed all the privileges of a private yacht, as every one 
 
 THE NEVER-TO-BE-FORGOTTEN ITALIAN BAND 
 
 on board the Udine did, even the steerage passengers. 
 This arrangement, whereby no class distinctions were ob- 
 served other than those absolutely necessary to the good 
 management of the ship, established a feeling of solidarity 
 seldom if ever seen amongst the company of a three-class 
 
 [ 52 ] 
 
THE UNOFFICIAL LOCx 
 
 steamer. Since the passengers felt drawn together by the 
 hardships and privations they had endured in common in 
 Europe, a true spirit of congeniality prevailed on board, a 
 state of affairs which was made even more delightful by the 
 
 CONSUL GENERAL JONES SAYING GOOD BYE 
 
 careful attention Captain Tiscornia and his staff and the 
 Committe of Guarantors gave to every refugee's slightest 
 want. If a person unfamiliar with the circumstances 
 attendant to the sailing of the ship had boarded her in 
 mid-ocean, he would undoubtedly have thought that he 
 
 [ 53 [ 
 
A REFUGEE SHIP 
 
 had encountered a large private party cruising for the 
 summer. 
 
 ^ During the first few days out, the experiences undergone 
 on the Continent formed the principal topic for conversation 
 
 A SMALL PART OF THE CROWD LEFT BEHIND ON THE DOCK 
 
 with young and old alike. The more harrowing adventures 
 went the rounds of the ship with amazing rapidity. After 
 the languor which an ocean voyage always induces had begun 
 to overcome everybody, however, thoughts of Germany, 
 Switzerland, and Genoa receded before hazy day dreams 
 
 [ 54 ] 
 
THE UNOFFICIAL LOG 
 
 and plots of fascinating books. Gradually the tenseness 
 which had at first prevailed grew less, and finally this gave 
 way to a general feeling of relief and ease, so that the ship 
 began to bubble over with good spirits. 
 
 A LAST VIEW OF GENOA 
 
 ^ Within a short time, the Committe on Entertainments 
 had the young people engaged in dances and deck sports, 
 and had arranged a series of afternoon meetings in the 
 dining salon at which fellow passengers spoke. On Monday, 
 August 17, Mr. Smith gave his talk, "The Ship That Sailed"; 
 
 [ 55 ] 
 
A REFUGEE SHIP 
 
 the next afternoon, Mr. Eugene H. Byrne, of the University 
 of Wisconsin, spoke on "The Beginnings of Genoa"; on 
 Wednesday, Mr. Paul S. Reinsch, United States Minister 
 to China, gave a lecture on "American Business Work in 
 
 DECK TENNIS 
 
 China"; Friday afternoon, Mr. George B. McClellan, 
 formerly Mayor of New York and at present a professor at 
 Princeton, read a paper on "Italy's Relation to the Present 
 War" which will soon appear in the Atlantic Monthly; 
 Saturday afternoon, Mr. Gano Dunn, one of the country's 
 foremost electrical engineers, gave a lecture on "Wireless 
 Telegraphy". [ 5G ] 
 
THE UNOFFICIAL LOG 
 
 <I At the conclusion of the talks on the various afternoons, 
 Dr. Butler, who acted as chairman, opened the meetings 
 to general discussion. On two occasions, the ship's com- 
 pany passed resolutions in which they expressed their 
 thankfulness to the men who had made the voyage possible. 
 The first set, containing an appreciation of the work of 
 Consul General Jones of Genoa, is as follows : 
 "1. We, the passengers on the good ship Principe di 
 Udine of the Lloyd Sabaudo Line, desire to express our 
 heartiest appreciation of what the United States Consul 
 General at Genoa, 
 
 JOHN EDWARD JONES, 
 
 has recently done'in our behalf, in assisting us, in a time 
 of sudden and extraordinary emergency, to return safely 
 and quickly to our American homes. 
 
 "2. We desire to recognize the sympathy and the kind- 
 ness with which the Consul General, ably seconded by his 
 office force, treated each one of us, making our troubles his 
 own, cheering us up when we were losing heart, and seeking 
 out special cases of need among our afflicted countrymen 
 and women. 
 
 "3. Resolved, that we desire to publish to our country 
 the unwearied faithfulness of our Consul General in acting 
 day and night for our relief, doing all that could be expected 
 of any consul and much more, with an admirable tact 
 and skill and untiring expenditure of patient effort. 
 
 "4. Resolved, that we pray God's richest blessing on the 
 man whose sympathy, ability, faithfulness, and courage 
 
 [ 57 ] 
 
A REFUGEE SHIP 
 
 we can never forget. He was the right man in the right 
 place at the right time, and will always serve our memories 
 as the type of official whom the American people ought to 
 have in times of greatest need. 
 
 "5. Resolved, that the Chairman of the meeting of pas- 
 sengers be requested to forward a copy of these resolutions 
 to the Honorable Secretary of State." 
 
 (Signed) Edward Rondthaler, Chairman 
 
 Edward M. Farnsworth, Secretary 
 George B. McClellan 
 Park Benjamin 
 Benjamin W. Fredericks 
 
 August 18, 1914. 
 
 ^ The second set adopted, the next day, reads as follows: 
 
 "Resolved, by this meeting of the passengers on this 
 19th day of August, 1914, that we express our deepest 
 gratitude, our great debt, and our lasting appreciation of 
 the work and accomplishment of the Committee of Guaran- 
 tors as represented by Messrs. Smith, Butler, Dunn and 
 Vanderbilt, the other ladies and gentlemen who have borne 
 the burden of the clerical work, and the doctors who have 
 so cheerfully and efficiently attended to the preservation of 
 our health. 
 
 "Be it further resolved that we express our appreciation 
 to the Commander and officers of the ship Principe di 
 Udine for the many ways in which they have ministered 
 to our comfort and for their unfailing courtesy." 
 
 [ 58 ] 
 
THE UNOFFICIAL LOG 
 
 <J At the last meeting, the passengers voted that the Chair 
 appoint a committee whose duties would be to inform public 
 opinion in the United States, and if necessary, to visit 
 Washington, to make representation to the proper govern- 
 ment officials, regarding the urgent needs, both financial 
 and as to transportation, of Americans traveling in Europe 
 at the outbreak of the war. Dr. Butler appointed the 
 following men to serve on the committee: 
 
 R. A. C. Smith, New York, Chairman 
 Park Benjamin, New York 
 Henry Burnett, Louisville, Kentucky 
 Nicholas Murray Butler, New York 
 Gano Dunn, New York 
 William G. Frizell, Dayton, Ohio 
 Edwin B. Gager, Derby, Connecticut 
 Charles C. Hoyt, Brookline, Massachusetts 
 George B. McClellan. New York 
 William R. Newbold, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 
 Theodore W. Noyes, Washington, D. C. 
 Stewart Paton, Princeton, New Jersey 
 Charles K. Paul, Chicago, Illinois 
 Edward Rondthaler, Winston-Salem, North Carolina 
 Jacob G. Schmidlapp, Cincinnati, Ohio 
 Sidney T. Smythe, Delafield, Wisconsin. 
 Landon Thomas, Augusta, Georgia. 
 (See footnote) 
 
 ^ fin the evening of Friday, the twenty-first, the ship's 
 company enjoyed a concert given by the orchestra and fellow 
 passengers. Divine Service was held both Sundays at sea, 
 
 (These men met at the Hotel Biltmore in New York on Tuesday, 
 August 25, with an assistant to the Secretary of State, and officially 
 expressed to him their satisfaction with the steps the Government had 
 taken at that time.) 
 
 [ 59 ] 
 
A REFUGEE SHIP 
 
 Dr. Rondthaler, of North Carolina, Bishop in the Moravian 
 Church, conducted the first service, and Mr. A. E. Cory, of 
 Cincinnati, the second. 
 
 A FEW OF THE SHIP S COMPANY ON THE EVENING OF THE CONCERT 
 
 <I Tuesday, the eighteenth, at 10:30 A. M., (unofficial log- 
 time) we crossed the half way point of our voyage. The 
 time could not have been more opportune; fortune had sent 
 us a smooth sea and a cloudless sky, so that all the pas- 
 sengers were on deck to watch the hoisting of the stars 
 
 [ 60 ] 
 
THE UNOFFICIAL LOG 
 
 and stripes to the forepeak. Captain Tiscornia, Mr. Smith, 
 Dr. Butler, and Mr. Dunn, stood on the bridge, while the 
 big whistle saluted and the crowd cheered the colors. 
 
 ^ Only twice during the voyage did we come in actual con- 
 tact with the war, although the wireless — that magic voice 
 of the sky — kept us closely informed about the happenings 
 in Europe. Every morning, Mr. Dunn posted bulletins 
 of the news which had been caught during the preceding 
 night. At first, we read of German defeats everywhere, but 
 later, we saw statement after statement of German victory. 
 On August nineteenth, a black-bordered announcement 
 appeared saying that Pope Pius had died. Out of the 
 confused rattle of clickings and tappings which had reached 
 the operator's ears during the night watches, he had "read" 
 the news, but not wishing to post any misinformation, he 
 gave the statement as follows: "It is officially announced 
 that His Holiness, Pope Pius the Tenth, is dying. A later 
 report says he is really dead." 
 
 ^ Our first contact with the war after we had left Genoa 
 happened at Gibraltar, the third evening out. The sun had 
 just gone down behind the historic rock, and the soft 
 darkness of twilight was beginning to cast a haze over its 
 sharp outlines when of a sudden, a small torpedo boat 
 destroyer speeded towards us from the shadows. Since 
 Dr. Butler had prepared for such an incident before weighing 
 anchor by obtaining permission through the kindness of 
 Winston Churchill, First Lord of the Admiralty, to pass 
 Gibraltar, and since the American flag was at the peak, we 
 felt pretty sure that we would not be delayed. Yet it caused 
 
 [ 61 ] 
 
A REFUGEE SHIP 
 
 a thrill to see the little belligerent vessel approach with the 
 swiftness of a greyhound. When it had come alongside, one 
 of the Englishmen flashed the white beam of a powerful 
 searchlight first at our colors and then at our decks crowded 
 with passengers who had turned out to see the King's 
 fighting ship. 
 
 <I The English officer in command called the customary, 
 "Where are you from and where bound?" and upon re- 
 ceiving the reply, "From Genoa to New York, carrying 
 American citizens," he ordered the inquisitive ray turned 
 off, and then, with a final "Thank you", directed his little 
 craft back to the protecting rock. A lusty cheer from four 
 hundred American throats followed his vessel across the 
 water. 
 
 <I Our other experience with a man-o-war happened some 
 seven hundred miles off the coast of New York on Friday, 
 the twenty-first. About five o'clock in the afternoon, we 
 received a wireless message from a ship far down on the 
 starboard quarter behind us. 
 
 <I "To I. Y. XL," it called, (I. Y. IT. is the wireless name for 
 the Principe di Udine) "Stop your ship by order of 
 our commander. Tell your captain to stop his engines and 
 await us." 
 
 <I Our operator, Signor Amici, asked, "Please give your 
 name." 
 
 ^ "We are an English warship," came the reply. 
 
 [ 62 ] 
 
THE UNOFFICIAL LOCx 
 
 ^ Then Signore Amici answered for Captain Tiscorni; 
 "Your message received. Our engines are stopped." 
 
 THE ENGLISH AUXILIARY CRUISER 
 
 <§ The other continued, "To I. Y. U.: Please tell us from 
 what port you sailed, where you are bound, what cargo 
 you have, and how many passengers." 
 
 <I We replied, "To English warship: From Genoa to New 
 York. Little general merchandise. 399 passengers, 
 American citizens. Vessel chartered by American Consul 
 General." 
 
 f 03 1 
 
A REFUGEE SHIP 
 
 <§ Then came the response, "You may proceed. Sorry 
 to have delayed you. Wish you pleasant voyage." 
 
 WATCHING THE CRUISER PASS 
 
 <ll While this conversation was going on, the black hull 
 and smoking funnels grew larger and larger as the vessel 
 approached us, churning white foam in the indigo sea. 
 
 ^ W T hen the ship drew near, the excitement on the Udine 
 became intense; passengers crowded even high up on the 
 life-boats in order to get an unobstructed view of His 
 Majesty's man-o-war. Our vessel, with flags flying from 
 
 F 64 1 
 
THE UNOFFICIAL LOG 
 
 every mast and with hundreds of passengers lining the rails, 
 must have presented a brilliant spectacle to the Britishers; 
 and certainly, the auxiliary cruiser made an interesting 
 sight to us as she steamed past. With binoculars, we could 
 make out her formidable guns, and even the red and white 
 of the ensigns floating at her tops. 
 
 ^ Ever since the two vessels had reached signaling distance, 
 their captains had been supplementing the wireless con- 
 versation with International Code communication. Our 
 excited Italian sailors hoisted string after string of parti- 
 colored flags in response to the questioning banners flying 
 from the English halyards, until the captain of the cruiser 
 gave us the word to proceed. 
 
 <][ While the black vessel was drawing away, we suddenly 
 ran into a shower, whose approach had been unnoticed 
 in the excitement of watching the cruiser. It blew over 
 in a moment, however; and then, as if to announce that 
 our war experiences were finally ended, a beautiful rainbow 
 appeared. After seeing this good omen, we felt that 
 we should have no more "refugee" troubles. Memories 
 of trials on the Continent quickly receded before thoughts of 
 America, and conversations about the arrival in New York 
 took precedence over all others during the rest of the 
 voyage. 
 
 <I On Sunday, the formal farewells between the captain 
 and his ship's company presaged the ending of the 
 voyage. Captain Tiscornia's after dinner toast that 
 
 [ 05 } 
 
A REFUGEE SHIP 
 
 evening very fittingly conveys an idea of the careful courtesy 
 he extended to his passengers on this unique trip. He said: 
 
 "Ladies and Gentlemen: 
 
 "The friendship which has existed for so many years 
 between your country and mine makes it most appropriate 
 that you should be returning home upon an Italian ship. 
 
 "Italy rejoices to be of service to Americans as America 
 has always rejoiced to serve Italians in their need. If I 
 have been so fortunate as to have helped you on your way, 
 I am more than repaid by your friendship, which I assure 
 you, I can never forget. 
 
 "May this voyage of the Principe di Udine serve to 
 bind our countries more closely together. 
 
 "I drink to the health and happiness of the United States 
 and Italy." 
 
 THE MASCOT IN SAFE HANDS 
 
 [ 66 ] 
 
THE UNOFFICIAL LOG 
 
 <I Thus endeth the Unofficial Log of the eventful voyage of 
 the Principe di Udine. Because of limitations of space, 
 many interesting events have not been recorded. No men- 
 tion has been made of the stony Balearics, the green Azores, 
 
 ARRIVING IN NEW YORK 
 
 the flying fish that disported themselves during the early 
 morning hours, the leaping dolphins, nor of a hundred 
 other incidents we all remember; but the omissions must be 
 forgiven, for the Log is but unofficial after all. 
 
 [ 67 ] 
 
REFUGEES OX THE PRINCIPE DI UDINE 
 
REFUGEES ON THE PRINCIPE DI UDINE 
 
 Mr. Joseph J. Abbott 
 
 Mrs. Josephine Allen 
 
 Mr. Hoxie Anderson 
 
 Mr. Kenneth Anderson 
 
 Mr. and Mrs. Horace E. Andrews 
 
 Miss Dorothy D. Andrews 
 
 Mr. H. D. Andrews 
 
 Miss Margery D. Andrews 
 
 Miss Sophie T. Andrews 
 
 Mr. Leo Arany 
 
 Mrs. H. T. Arnold 
 
 Miss M. E. Arnold 
 
 Mr. Ernest Artoni 
 
 Mr. C. M. Atkins 
 
 Mrs. George C. Avery 
 
 Mrs. Philip W. Avirett 
 
 Mr. William G. Avirett 
 
 Miss Cecile Ayres 
 
 Mr. and Mrs. Reid S. Baker 
 
 Miss Wilhelmina Barfield 
 
 Miss Julia Barnard 
 
 Miss Elizabeth Barr 
 
 Mr. and Mrs. S. L. Bartlett 
 
 Dr. W. 0. Bartlett 
 
 Miss Emily Bauer 
 
 Miss Sarah H. Bayne 
 
 Dr. and Mrs. Edwin Beer 
 
 Miss Elizabeth Beer 
 
 Miss Isabel Beer 
 
 Miss Phyllis Beer 
 
 Mr. Arno Behnke 
 
 Miss Anna Benjamin 
 
 Miss Dorothy Benjamin 
 
 Mr. Park Benjamin 
 
 Mr. Allen R. Benner 
 
 Mrs. Horace Bigelow 
 
 Mrs. R. M. Birmingham 
 
 Mrs. C. J. Blaney 
 
 Rev. James E. Bobier 
 
 [ 71 
 
 Lynn, Mass. 
 New York City 
 Ardmore, Oklahoma 
 Albany, N. Y. 
 New York City 
 
 Bensonhnrst, N. Y. 
 Ithaca, N. Y. 
 New York City 
 Jersey City, N. J. 
 Pottsville, Pa. 
 Louisville Ky. 
 Brooklyn, N. Y. 
 Brooklyn, N. Y. 
 Chester, Pa. 
 Washington, D. C. 
 Hinsdale, 111. 
 Asheville, N. C. 
 Metuchen, N. J. 
 Boston, Mass. 
 
 Worcester, Mass. 
 Canton, Missouri 
 New York City 
 
 Grand Rapids, Mich. 
 New York City 
 
 Andover, Mass. 
 New York City 
 Lawrence, Mass. 
 Brookline, Mass. 
 Brooklyn, N. Y. 
 
A REFUGEE SHIP 
 
 Dr. and Mrs. John C. Boyd 
 
 Mr. Walter W. Boyd 
 
 Mrs. Eugenia C. Briggs 
 
 Miss Jennie Brodsky 
 
 Mr. Oakley Brown 
 
 Miss Elizabeth A. Bryan 
 
 Miss Minnie L. Bryan 
 
 Mr. and Mrs. Henry Budd 
 
 Mr. Robert Budd 
 
 Mr. and Mrs. Henry Burnett 
 
 Dr. and Mrs. Nicholas M. Butler 
 
 Miss Sarah Schuyler Butler 
 
 Mr. and Mrs. Eugene H. Byrne 
 
 Miss Elizabeth R. Cain 
 
 Miss Mary F. Cain 
 
 Mr. William B. Cain 
 
 Miss Marie Callaud 
 
 Mrs. M. J. Callinan 
 
 Miss Sara B. Callinan 
 
 Miss Helen Cannon 
 
 Miss Marie A. Carberry 
 
 Mr. Guido Carpi 
 
 Miss A. M. Carroll 
 
 Mrs. F. H. Churchill 
 
 Miss Rose Churchill 
 
 Mr. W. E. Clark 
 
 Miss Mary R. Clarke 
 
 Mr. P. M. Clarkson 
 
 Mrs. W. B. Clarkson 
 
 Mr. Daniel E. Cleary 
 
 Mr. Howard T. Clinch 
 
 Miss Agnes Colbrey 
 
 Mrs. W. E. Conklin 
 
 Mr. and Mrs. A. E. Cory 
 
 Miss Elise Cramer 
 
 Miss Helen L. Craver 
 
 Mrs. M. C. Craver 
 
 Miss Elizabeth E. Crellin 
 
 Mr. R. P. Crellin 
 
 Miss Alma Curtis 
 
 Miss Ida Cushman 
 
 Mrs. Sara M. Davis 
 
 Mrs. J. Francis Day 
 
 Miss Olive S. Day 
 
 Mr. Charles S. Dearstyne 
 
 [ 72 ; 
 
 Washington, D. C. 
 
 Cromwell, Conn. 
 Mount Vernon, N. 
 Greenwich, Conn. 
 Syracuse, N. Y. 
 Chicago, 111. 
 Philadelphia, Pa. 
 
 Louisville, Ky. 
 New York City 
 
 Madison, Wis. 
 Brooklvn. N. Y. 
 
 New York City 
 Philadelphia, Pa. 
 
 Danville, 111. 
 Brooklyn, N. Y. 
 Brockton, Mass. 
 Washington, D. C. 
 New Britain, Conn. 
 
 Chicago, 111. 
 New York City 
 Jacksonville, Florida 
 
 Jersey City, N. J. 
 New York City 
 Washington, D. C. 
 Hartford, Conn. 
 Cincinnati, Ohio 
 New York City 
 Binghampton, N. Y. 
 
 Scranton, Pa . . 
 
 Taconv, Pa. 
 Philadelphia, Pa. 
 Palatka, Florida 
 Utica, N. Y. 
 New Haven, Conn. 
 Albany, N. Y. 
 
REFUGEES ON THE PRINCIPE DI UDINE 
 
 Miss E. M. Dennis 
 
 Rev. Yaldimir Derzyruka 
 
 Miss Esther Detchon 
 
 Mr. Fred K. Detwiller 
 
 Mr. William R. Dewey, Jr. 
 
 Mrs. G. W. Doherty 
 
 Miss Agnes Donald 
 
 Miss Alice Dorian 
 
 Mr. W. W. Dove 
 
 Miss Mary Doyle 
 
 Miss Eva M. Dunlop 
 
 Mr. Gano Dunn 
 
 Miss Lotta Edwards 
 
 Mr. E. H. Engelhorn 
 
 Rev. J. A. Engwall 
 
 Mr. Martin Ergenzinger 
 
 Mr. and Mrs. Edward M. Farnsworth 
 
 Miss Edith W. Farnsworth 
 
 Miss Clara Farr 
 
 Miss Edith Farr 
 
 Mr. Thomas F. Farrell 
 
 Miss Lucinda E. Feeney 
 
 Miss Verre Fennell 
 
 Miss Doris Fenton 
 
 Mrs. Thomas H. Fenton 
 
 Mr. Michael Ferman 
 
 Mr. Fred P. Fiske 
 
 Miss Olive Flammer 
 
 Mr. and Mrs. Stephen L. Folger 
 
 Miss Elizabeth K. Ford 
 
 Mr. and Mrs. B. W. Fredericks 
 
 Miss Edith Fredericks 
 
 Miss E. H. Fredericks 
 
 Miss Marion E. Frederickson 
 
 Mr. Willard J. Freeman 
 
 Mr. A. D. French 
 
 Mr. William G. Frizell 
 
 Miss Verda M. Fulmer 
 
 Mr. Charles C. Gager 
 
 Hon. Edwin B. Gager 
 
 Miss Florence Gayley 
 
 Mrs. Gardiner Gayley 
 
 Miss Emilie Gelli 
 
 Miss Amanda Glaser 
 
 Miss Teresa Gilmore 
 
 [ 73 ] 
 
 Ogontz, Pa. 
 Philadelphia, Pa. 
 Crawfordsville, Ind. 
 Easton, Pa. 
 Newton, Mass. 
 New York City 
 Hartford, Conn. 
 New York City 
 Providence, R. I. 
 New York City 
 Brooklyn, N. Y. 
 New York City 
 Chicago, III. 
 Spokane, Wash. 
 Elgin, 111. 
 Atlanta, Ga. 
 Brookline, Mass. 
 
 Philadelphia, Pa. 
 
 Providence, R. I. 
 New Rochelle, N. Y. 
 Hartford, Conn. 
 Philadelphia, Pa. 
 
 San Juan, Porto Rico 
 Brooklyn, X. Y. 
 New York City 
 Brooklyn, N. Y. 
 Asheville, N. C. 
 Newton, Mass. 
 
 Madison, Wise. 
 Lynnfield Center, Mass. 
 Glenwood, Iowa 
 Dayton, Ohio 
 Philadelhpia, Pa. 
 Derby, Conn. 
 
 New York City 
 
 San Francisco, Cal. 
 Dayton, Ohio 
 Washington, D. C. 
 
A REFUGEE SHIP 
 
 Mr. Fred Godin 
 
 Mr. Luther Goff 
 
 Miss J. Goldschmidt 
 
 Miss Alice Goldsmith 
 
 Miss Elizabeth Halderman 
 
 Mr. F. J. Haley 
 
 Mr. Alfred Hamburg 
 
 Mr. Bryant 0. Harman 
 
 Mr. S. L. Harris 
 
 Dr. Louis 0. Hartman 
 
 Mr. and Mrs. Henry S. Haskell 
 
 Miss Alma M. Hass 
 
 Mrs. John N. Hazard 
 
 Rev. Hugh T. Henry 
 
 Miss B. Herlihy 
 
 Miss M. C. Herron 
 
 Mrs. William H. Hill 
 
 Miss Elizabeth C. Hiney 
 
 Mr. Albert C. Hoffmeister 
 
 Miss Emma Hoffmeister 
 
 Miss Jessie L. Hollohan 
 
 Mr. and Mrs. Edwin T. Holmes 
 
 Miss Mildred Holmes 
 
 Miss Ethel Holmes 
 
 Miss Nellie F. Hopkins 
 
 Mrs. Robert Horner 
 
 Mr. and Mrs. Charles C. Hoyt 
 
 Miss Mary S. Hunter 
 
 Mr. Oscar G. Iden 
 
 Miss Irene Jackson 
 
 Miss E. Ruth Jackson 
 
 Mr. Walter Jacobson 
 
 Miss Marie Jahn 
 
 Mr. Brooke L. Jarrett 
 
 Miss Nancy Johnson 
 
 Dr. and Mrs. Collins H. Johnston 
 
 Miss Carrie Johnston 
 
 Miss Kathrine Johnston 
 
 Miss Fannie Johnston 
 
 Mrs. Albert H. Jones 
 
 Mrs. Charles H. Keys 
 
 Dr. G. C. Kilpatrick 
 
 Mrs. Philip Rives King 
 
 Mr. George W. Kirwan 
 
 Mr. Charles Kleindinst 
 
 [ 74 ] 
 
 Kingston, R. I. 
 Providence, R. I. 
 New York City 
 Philadelphia, Pa. 
 New York Citv 
 
 Plainfield, N. J. 
 Oklahoma City, Okla. 
 Chicago, 111. 
 New York City 
 
 Peacedale, R. I. 
 Philadelphia, Pa. 
 New York City 
 Cincinnati, Ohio 
 Dedham, Mass. 
 Hoboken, N. J. 
 Philadelphia, Pa. 
 
 cc 
 
 Scarsdale, N. Y. 
 
 New York City 
 (< 
 
 West Boylston, Mass. 
 New Roehelle, N. Y. 
 Louisville, Ky. 
 Brookline, Mass. 
 Philadelphia, Pa. 
 Washington, D. C. 
 Oak Lane, Pa. 
 
 New York City 
 New Britain, Conn. 
 Pottstown, Pa. 
 Washington, D. C. 
 Grand Rapids, Mich. 
 
 New York City 
 
 Pensacola, Florida 
 New York City 
 Baltimore, Md. 
 Jersey City, N. J. 
 
REFUGEES ON THE PRINCIPE DI UDINE 
 
 Mr. G. Prather Knapp 
 
 Mr. and Mrs. Frederick Knoepfle 
 
 Mr. Charles H. Knox 
 
 Miss Maria Knox 
 
 Mr. William A. S. Lapetina 
 
 Mrs. Augusta Leeper 
 
 Miss Augusta Leeper 
 
 Mr. and Mrs. James Albert Lewis 
 
 Miss Gertrude F. Lewis 
 
 Miss Olive C. Lewis 
 
 Mr. and Mrs. John T. Lewis, Jr. 
 
 Mr. Myron B. Levy 
 
 Miss Elsie E. Lockwood 
 
 Mr. Harry J. Logan 
 
 Mr. Frank E. Luthery 
 
 Miss Johanna Luttman 
 
 Miss Louise Lyle 
 
 Miss Elizabeth McAfee 
 
 Miss Helen McAfee 
 
 Mrs. H. M. McChessney 
 
 Miss Katherine McClain 
 
 Mr. and Mrs. George B. McClellan 
 
 Mr. Edward F. McGovern 
 
 Mr. Hugh D. McGrane 
 
 Mr. A. J. McNary 
 
 Miss Mary McPhail 
 
 Mrs. Robert McVickar 
 
 Miss Helen McVickar 
 
 Mr. Guiseppi Maretti 
 
 Mr. and Mrs. U. Martignone 
 
 Mr. Berton Martignone 
 
 Mrs. C. H. Meade 
 
 Miss L. M. Meade 
 
 Mr. F. L. Meleney 
 
 Mrs. Chase Mellen 
 
 Mr. Chase Mellen, Jr. 
 
 Mr. Joseph M. Mellen 
 
 Miss Susan C. Mellen 
 
 Mr. William Palmer Mellen 
 
 Mrs. J. C. Merritt 
 
 Mrs. Z. T. Merritt 
 
 Mr. George R. Metcalf, Jr. 
 
 Mr. John R. Metcalf 
 
 Miss Julia E. Meyer 
 
 Miss M. Michaelis 
 
 [ 75 ] 
 
 St. Louis, Mo. 
 Johnstown, Pa. 
 New York City 
 Brooklyn, N. Y. 
 Bluebell P. 0., Pa. 
 New York City 
 
 Brooklyn, X. Y. 
 
 Philadelphia, Pa. 
 New York City 
 Brooklyn, N. Y. 
 Jersey City, N. J. 
 San Antonio, Texas 
 New York City 
 Philadelphia, Pa. 
 Brooklyn, N. Y. 
 
 St. Louis, Mo. 
 Philadelphia, Pa. 
 New York City 
 Boston, Mass. 
 Brooklyn, N. Y. 
 Albany, X. Y. 
 New York City 
 Mount Vernon, X. "" 
 
 Birmingham, Ala. 
 Cleveland, Ohio 
 
 New York City 
 
 Brooklyn, X. Y. 
 Garden City, X. Y. 
 
 Marlboro, X. Y 
 Miami, Florida 
 Erie, Pa. 
 
 Norfolk, Conn. 
 New York ( it y 
 
A REFUGEE SHIP 
 
 Mr. and Mrs. D. S. Miller 
 
 Mr. Albert P. Mills 
 
 Mrs. Edward C. Mills 
 
 Mr. Joseph Mitchelson 
 
 Miss Caroline Monk 
 
 Miss H. P. Moody 
 
 Miss Gladys Morris 
 
 Miss Alma F. Morrisette 
 
 Mrs. Ella G. Morrison 
 
 Mr. S. E. Mosher 
 
 Mr. Eugene Mosti 
 
 Prof, and Mrs. H. S. Munroe 
 
 Mr. Thomas Murphy 
 
 Mr. Nicholas Murray 
 
 Prof, and Mrs. William R. Newbold 
 
 Miss Lucy Newhall 
 
 Mr. William P. Newhall 
 
 Miss Ethel Norris 
 
 Mr. and Mrs. Theodore \Y. Noyes 
 
 Mr. Theodore P. Noyes 
 
 Mr. Henry Oehmson 
 
 Mrs. Kate Oehmsox 
 
 Rev. G. S. Ohsland 
 
 Mr. Russell B. Olds 
 
 Miss Katherine G. O'Leary 
 
 Bishop Ortynski 
 
 Miss Abigial Osborxf 
 
 Dr. and Mrs. Virgil F. Parker 
 
 Dr. and Mrs. Stewart Paton 
 
 Miss Evelyn Paton 
 
 Mr. R. Townley Paton 
 
 Mr. William Paton 
 
 Mr. Claude M. Patterson 
 
 Mr. and Mrs. Charles R. Paul 
 
 Mr. Ronald H. Pearce 
 
 Miss Gertrude Perry 
 
 Mr. R. C. Phillips, Jr. 
 
 Mr. R. W. Pinto 
 
 Mr. Jacob Piroth 
 
 Miss Fannie A. Pitts 
 
 Mr. Wixthrop B. Pizzixi 
 
 Mr. and Mrs. Carlo Polifeme 
 
 Mr. David D. Post, Jr. 
 
 Miss Anne Randolph 
 
 Miss Harriet Randolph 
 
 [ 76 ] 
 
 Stroudsburg, Pa. 
 Albany, N. Y. 
 Cincinnati, Ohio 
 Hartford, Conn. 
 Brooklyn, N. Y. 
 Jacksonville, Florida 
 Pittsburg, Pa. 
 Worcester, Mass. 
 Denver, Colorado 
 Port Huron, Mich. 
 Morgan Post Office, 1 
 New York City 
 Washington, D. C. 
 Baltimore, Md. 
 Philadelphia, Pa. 
 
 Washington, D. C. 
 
 Hi 
 
 N. Y 
 
 Chicago, 111. 
 Charles City, Iowa 
 Lawrence, Mass. 
 Philadelphia, Pa. 
 Elyria, Ohio 
 Brooklyn, N. Y. 
 Princeton, N. J. 
 
 Brookline, Mass. 
 Chicago, 111. 
 Chestnut Hill, Mass. 
 Chicago, 111. 
 Middletown, Ohio 
 New York City 
 Tottenville, S.I., N. Y. 
 Cleveland, Ohio 
 Richmond, Va. 
 New York City 
 Hartford, Conn. 
 Philadelphia, Pa. 
 
REFUGEES ON THE PRINCIPE DI UDINE 
 
 Mr. and Mrs. Louis D. Ray 
 Miss Mabel Reed 
 Miss Ethel A. Reeve 
 Hon. and Mrs. Paul S. Reinsch 
 Mr. and Mrs. Henry F. Renkex 
 Mr. Harrison Rhodes 
 Mr. Clifford Rodman 
 Mr. Dudley Thayer Rogers 
 Mr. August F. Roller 
 Bishop and Mrs. Edward Rondthaler 
 Mr. and Mrs. William V. Rowe 
 Miss Zelia E. Roy 
 Miss Sarah Russell 
 Mrs. Adolph Sander 
 Miss Ida San Felice 
 Mr. Gustave Schirmer 
 Mr. Jacob G. Schmidlapp 
 Miss Alberta A. Searing 
 Miss Irene Seed 
 Mrs. John Siiepard, Jr. 
 Mr. Robert F. Shepard 
 Mr. and Mrs. John S. Sheppard, Jk. 
 Miss Janet Sheppard 
 Mr. Chris Shutts 
 Mrs. Evelyn R. Simpson- 
 Miss Nellie Simpson 
 Mr. John B. Smallwood 
 Mr. and Mrs. R. A. C. Smith 
 Miss Margaret Smith 
 Mi;. William Smith 
 Mr. Charles T. Smythe 
 Dr. Sydney T. Smythe 
 Miss Henrietta Solomon 
 Miss Rebecca Solomon 
 Miss Helen C. Somers 
 Miss Marion C. Somers 
 Miss Anna E. Spates 
 Miss Marion Spring 
 Dr. and Mrs. A. Camp Stanley 
 Mr. George R. Stearns 
 Mr. Walter H. Stearns 
 Mr. Carl E. Steiger 
 Miss Elizabeth Steinen 
 Miss Emily Stephens 
 Miss Else Stjernstrom 
 
 New York Cit 1 
 
 Madison, Wise. 
 San Antonio, Texas 
 New York City 
 Los Angeles, Cal. 
 Dedham, Mass. 
 Fordtown, Tennessee 
 Winston-Salem, N. C. 
 Now York City 
 
 Seranton, Pa. 
 Cincinnati, Ohio 
 Princeton, N. J. 
 New York City 
 Cincinnati, Ohio 
 Philadelphia, Pa. 
 Lawrence, Mass. 
 Boston, Mass. 
 
 New Y T ork City 
 
 Harrison, N. Y. 
 Troy, N. Y. 
 Philadelphia, Pa. 
 Washington, D. C. 
 New Y^ork City 
 
 Norfolk, Va. 
 Delafield, Wise. 
 
 New York City 
 
 Jersey City, N. J. 
 
 St. Paul, Minnesota 
 Ashland. Mass. 
 Washington, D. C. 
 Augusta, Georgia 
 Pawtucket, R. I. 
 Oshkosh, Wise. 
 Cleveland, Ohio 
 New York City 
 Peacedale, R. I. 
 
 [ 77 
 
A REFUGEE SHIP 
 
 Miss Nellie N. Stow 
 
 Mr. and Mrs. Charles H. Talcott 
 
 Miss Alice Talcott 
 
 Mr. Charles H. Talcott, Jr. 
 
 Mr. Dudley V. Talcott 
 
 Mr. Seth Talcott 
 
 Mrs. G. S. Talcott 
 
 Miss Lucy Talcott 
 
 Miss Theodora Talcott 
 
 Mrs. E. J. Tattershall 
 
 Miss Fannie Tattershall 
 
 Miss Ruth Tattershall 
 
 Mr. and Mrs. Edwin Thanhouser 
 
 Mr. Lloyd Thanhouser 
 
 Miss Marie Thanhouser 
 
 Mrs. James Thayer 
 
 Miss Cora E. Thomas 
 
 Mr. and Mrs. Landon A. Thomas 
 
 Miss Ellen Thomas 
 
 Miss Emily Thomas 
 
 Mr. Joseph B. Thomas 
 
 Miss Olive G. Thurston 
 
 Col. and Mrs. S. E. Tillman 
 
 Miss K. D. Tillman 
 
 Mrs. Charles H. Tompkins 
 
 Miss Eliza Tompkins 
 
 Mrs. A. B. Turner 
 
 Mr. Titus Ulke 
 
 Miss Edvidge Vaccary 
 
 Mr. and Mrs. Frederick W. Vanderbilt 
 
 Miss Henrietta M. Walker 
 
 Mr. Norman Wallace 
 
 Mr. Victor H. Wallace 
 
 Mrs. Arthur V. Warfield 
 
 Mr. John K. Weatherby, Jr. 
 
 Mr. Henry D. Weiser 
 
 Mr. Henry C. Weisse 
 
 Miss Emily H. Welch 
 
 Mr. and Mrs. J. P. Welling 
 
 Prof, and Mrs. Webster Wells 
 
 Miss Julia E. Wessman 
 
 Mr. Fred H. White 
 
 Miss Helen Williams 
 
 Mr. R. W. Wood 
 
 Mrs. G. C. Zellweger 
 
 [ 78 ] 
 
 Cromwell, Conn. 
 Hartford, Conn. 
 
 New Britain, Conn. 
 
 White Haven, Pa. 
 
 New York City 
 
 Baltimore, Md. 
 Augusta, Georgia 
 
 New York City 
 
 Southampton, N. Y. 
 
 Ithaca, N. Y. 
 New York City 
 Boston, Mass. 
 Washington, D. C. 
 New Y'ork City 
 
 Brooklyn, N. Y. 
 Springfield, Mass. 
 Washington, D. C. 
 Edgewood, R. I. 
 Minneapolis, Minn. 
 New York City 
 Shevbogen Falls, Wise. 
 New York City 
 Chicago, 111. 
 Brookline, Mass. 
 Norfolk, Conn. 
 New York City 
 Warwick, N. Y. 
 Providence, R. I. 
 San Antonio, Texas 
 
 PRINTED BY G. SCHIRMER. INC., NEW YORK 
 
HllilliH)! m ilii v'w']\\ II 1 iii iiiiililili iilHIlilli' iilliilll lilliillii 
 
 It lj LIBRARY OF CONGRESS £