SU''^o°iSy*' , . >. t> - ■ *^' "»»• $1.20 per Tear Price, 10 Cents ytmLtTic w^PRACTiCALj^n* ?a.is Ball Playing By ARTHUR A. IRWIN. 'PUBLISHED BY THt\ Entered "it the Nc-j) York Post OJice, N, 1'., as Second Class Matter. SPALDINGS ATHLETIC SWEATERS. biiiiliiiiiiiiiii[ | Standard Shaker Sweaters. Purest Australian Wool, full fashioned. Each No. L. Heavy Weight $4.50 No. M. Medium Weight 3,50 Ribbed Sweaters. Handsomely woven and full fashioned. No. p. Heavy Weight $3,50 No. PX. Medium Weight 3,00 No. R, Special Weight 2.50 Ladies' Sweaters. Each. No. LW. Standard Weight $5.50 No. MW. Medium Weight 4.50 No. RW. FineRibbed 3.50 Spalding's Turtle Neck Sweater. ^ The inner part is woven to sweater and extends below the chest, forming a double thickness over chest and back. Each. KB. Heavy Weight $7.00 KC. Standard Weight 6.00 KD. Medium Weight 5.00 KP. Heavy Ribbed 5.00 KR. FineRibbed 4.00 Lace Front Sweaters. Each. LB. Heavy Weight $5.50 LC. Standard Weight 5.00 LD. Medium Weight 4.00 LP. HeavyRibbed 4.00 LR. FineRibbed 3.00 The above prices for sizes 26 to 44 inches, inclu- sive, in White, Navy, Black and Maroon. Other colors, sizes, and with stripes, to order only, and at an advance varying with quality of sweater. LACE Our complete catalogue of Athletic Uniforms and all other requisites for Indoor and Outdoor Sports, mailed free to any address. A. G. SPALDING & BROS., New York. Chicago. Philadelphia. Practical Ball Flayin^i BY / ARTHUR A. IRWIN. .u^^^x CONTAINING INTERESTING CHAPTERS ON INDIVIDUAL AND TEAM BATTING ; ESSEN- TIALS OF A GOOD BATSMAN; POSITION: BUNTING; FIELDING, ETC. WITH INSTRUCTIVE HINTS TO THE PITCHER, CATCHER, BASEMEN, SHORTSTOP AND FT ELDERS. W- FOULLY ili^ljstra.te:d. PUBLISHED BY THE AMERICAN SPORTS PUBLISHING CO., 241 BROADWAY, NEW YORK, K. Q-i/ ^i^7 Entfred according to Act of Conress, in the year 1895, by The American Sports Publishing Co., IN THE OFFICE OF THE LIBRARIAN OF CONGRESS, AT WASHINGTON. PREFACE. To develop any physical accomplishment through the me- dium of a printed treatise, though the novice possesses the requisite mental application and the physical ability, is, even when successful, a work of slow growth. Example is always more impressive than precept, its lessons more lasting. The ball player who essays to become a good batsman will be influenced to a greater extent by the teacher who himself does what he wants the player to do than by one who simply tells him what he should do. It is not claimed that a perusal of these few hints on scienti- fic batting and fielding will make a successful player of the reader, but it is claimed, and confidently claimed, too, that the reader who carefully follows out the instructions herewith given will make more of his own natural ability, both for his own individual record and that of his club. A. A. I, Philadelphia, February, 1895. PRACTICAL BALL FLAYINQ. POPULARITY OF BATTING. To the great majority of the followers and lovers of the national game batting is its most enjoyable feature. It furnishes the keynote to every game, whether the score be large or small. No matter how skilful the fielders may be, they will have no opportunity to display the stuff of which they are made unless the side at bat shall "hit the ball." Batting makes the spec- tacular part of the game, and without it there would be no game at all. It was in obedience to the public demand, as voiced by the press throughout the country, that the Rules Committee of the National League and American Associ- ation of Professional Base Ball Clubs two years ago resolved to curtail the power of the pitcher, and in- creased the distance from the home plate to the box. The wisdom of this move was soon made apparent. Though the time consumed by the ball in traversing the additional space was almost infinitesimal, it afforded the batsman an op- portunity of which he was not slow to avail himself. It gave him just that much more time in which to "gauge" the ball, and as a consequence, base hits not only multiplied with grati- fying steadiness, but the number of strike outs — that bane to the spectators' enjoyment, particularly when the home team rs at bat — were materially reduced. More action was injected into the game, and the contests were involved in more uncertainty. PRACTICAL BALL PLAYING. 5 INDIVIDUAL AND TEAM BATTING. There are two kinds of batting, individual and team, and of the two the latter is more important. It has been only during the past four or five years that team batting, which is far and away the most scientific part of base ball as it is played to-day, has received the attention its great importance demands, although it was practised as far back as '79 and '80 by Chicago; in '82, '83 and '84 by Providence ; in *86 and '87 by Philadel- phia ; in '88 and '89 by New York, and since then by Boston, Baltimore and Philadelphia. The success of the Baltimore club in the championship race last season was due entirely to the great degree of perfection attained in team batting by its players, and the teams that shall win the pennants in the future will be those who, everything else being nearly equal, shall develop to the greatest extent the art of "hitting and running together." In the judgment of many critics the Baltimore club of last season was outclassed individually by at least four others, but yet it won the pennant, and simply because it played a team-batting game from the beginning of the season until its end. ESSENTIALS OF A GOOD BATSMAN, But before team batting can be attained the individual bats- man must be trained up to his part of the work. The prime requisites of a good batsman are (i) a good, clear, quick eye vith which to "time" or gauge the ball, and (2) the strength of arm and body to give it impetus. In no department of the game does form count for so much as in baiting, and a batsman's form reveals at once his strength or his weakness. The batsman who takes up his position as shown !n Fig, i, facing the pitcher, his feet well together, and his bat gracefully balanced on his shoulder, is prepared for any ball that may come across the plate, and is more than likely to compel the pitcher to resort to all his cunning in order to dis- pose of him. On the contrary, the batsman who after reaching the plate nervously saws the air with his bat, is a comparatively easy " mark" for a patient pitcher who knows his business. Having the physical requisites, the young player who aspires to become a great hitter should exercise the greatest care in selecting his bat. It should be as heavy as the player can con- veniently handle, and made of second-growth ash, such as gotten out by A. G. Spalding & Bros. The ball will "shoot off " a heavy bat faster and harder than a light one, and by reason of its weight will tend to prevent the young player from sawing the air as above referred to. PRACTICAL BALL PLAYING. Fig. I.— correct J^OSITION AT BAT PRACTICAL BALL PLAYING. 7 AS TO POSITION. In taking his place at the plate the batsman should face the pitcher as shown in Fig. i, his side on a line with second base, feet drawn well together, and the bat so nicely balanced on his shoulder as to make its weight imperceptible. There should be no "false" or lost motion, and there should be nothing to distract his attention from the pitcher. At the first movement of the pitcher's hand the batsman should take a step forward, throwing the right shoulder back, but still keeping the bat in its original position, as shown in Fig. 2. . . r Fig. 3 shows the correct position of the batsman in the act ot hitting the ball. The weight of the body, in addition to the strength of the arms, is brought into play, and the bat is held at right angles with the body, so that no matter what part of the bat the ball may hit it is bound to go out. Some idea of the advantage that the batsman who " throws his weight" into his bat while in the act of hitting has over the batsman who " pulls back " — that is, comes back on his rear foot, depending upon his arms entirely for his propelling power— is shown by the fact that "Big Sam" Thompson, of the Philadelphia club, is the only one of the great hitters of the League who is guilty of the latter practice. BUNTING. There is probably no one point of play that has aroused so much adverse criticism or has been so warmly defended as bunting. Its detractors condemn the play as being "babyfied," and do not hesitate to call to the luckless batsman, who may be acting under orders, to "hit it out." As a matter of fact, how- ever, "bunting " has gradually developed into the very science of batting, and the clubs that have acquired the greatest pro- ficiency in the art of "dumping them down " in front of the plate, or "pushing them" with tantalizing slowness toward first or third have always been nearer the front in the race for the pennant than those who have depended solely upon their ability to knock out singles, doubles and triples. To bunt successfully the batsman must have a good eye, good nerve and good judgment. There is a knack in bunting which can only be acquired by practice, but when once acquired, like swimming, it is not soon forgotten. In Fig. 4 the batsman is shown in position while attempting to bunt toward first. The bat is slanted back toward the catcher, and the batsman makes no attempt to hit the ball. He simply endeavors to catch or hold it, the force of the contact PRACTICAL BALL PLAYING. Fig 2.-AT FIRST MOVE OF THE PITCHER'S ARM. PRACTICAL BALL PLAYINC. 9 with the bat generally carrying tlie ball half way toward first. To bunt toward third the same tactics are used, except that the slant of the bat i< more toward the pitcher, as shown in Fig. 5. TEAM BA TTING. There is probably no expression in the whole range of base ball literature that has been used more frequently than •♦team- work," and none that has been so often misapplied. So far as fielding goes there is little or no chance for team work, for the reason that whatever the fielders will do is determined by the course of the ball. Of course, with a runner on first, the second baseman knows that he should cover second if a ball is driven .^9^. to the short stop, and vice versa, and the infielders all know that they should, when possible, cut off the runner nearest home. But in almost every other instance their actions are governed by the exigencies of the occasion. At the bat, however, there is every opportunity for team- work, for the reason that the batsman and the base-runner or base-runners can work in unison to accomplish some desired plaa already agreed upon. In order to make team-work productive there must be a thorough understanding between all the players. The base- runners must know what the batsman is going to try to do ; the PRACTICAL BALL PLAYING. Fig. 3.— in THE ACT OF HITTING AT THE BALL. PRACTICAL BALL PLAYING. II batsman, in order to carry out his part of the programme, must know what the base-runners are to attempt. An understanding once arrived at, everything will depend upon the willingness and the ability of the players — and the willingness is not infre- quently harder to develop than the ability. Team-play involves personal sacrifice, and the player who believes that his commercial value is graded according to his proximity to the .400 mark will never shine in that department of play unless compelled to by his superiors. Team-work at the bat produces runs, and runs win games. Very few batsmen make more than one hit out of three times at bat, and yet there is hardly a batsman in the country who could not by intelli- gent effort and direction succeed in advancing a runner a base at least four times out of five. With a runner on first the central idea of the batsman should be to "protect the runner," no matter what may happen to himself. The runner is nearer the home plate than the bats- man, and must be protected. To begin with, there should be a code of signals thoroughly understood by all the players. This is essential to the success of all team-play, for many a plan has often been spoiled because of the failure of a player to comprehend or act upon a signal, whether it be a sign or a word. To illustrate: The first thing for the base-runner to do is to endeavor to find out who will cover second base — the second baseman or the shortstop — in order to receive the anticipated throw down. This is done by the base-runner making a "blind" start — that is. making a dash for the base as though he really meant to try for it, and then returning quickly to first. At this juncture the batsman puts himself in evidence by watching the second baseman and the shortstop. Assuming that the second baseman starts to cover the base, then the plan of action is agreed upon. As soon as the signal is given the runner immediately starts with the movement of the pitcher's arm, and the batsman drives, or attempts to drive, the ball into right field. This protects the base-runner, for whether the ball is fielded or not, he reaches second in safety, and is in position to score on an ordinary base hit, and if the ball rolls safely into right field he will reach third, from whence he can score on a fly to the outfield. If the shortstop starts to cover the base, then the batsman will endeavor to "pull" the ball toward third, and generally with the same result. To make this play successful the base- runner must start on the signal, and the batsman must hit the ball in order to protect the runner. This is undoubtedly the greatest play in team batting, for it not only makes runs for the 12 PRACTICAL BALL PLAYING. ^ jTjG, 4,^ByNTINQ TOWARD FIRST BASE, PRACTICAL BALL PLAYING. 1 3 club, but it makes hits for the batsman — and that after all is what they are after. With young players this play is particu- larly advantageous. It removes all nervousness or "stage fright," and relieves them of all responsibility and gives them a confidence which they never could command if left to act upon their own judgment. To the good batsman who is a poor runner this play has its advantages also. On an ordinary bunt the chances are that the slow base-runner would be retired at first, and though the runner occupying that base would be ad- vanced to second, one-third of the inning would be sacrificed in the operation. But with the second baseman covering his bag, right field is practically left open, for the first baseman does not leave his position until the runner starts for second. This gives the batsman a chance to drive the ball safely through, and secures for him a base hit. This style of play should be kept up so long as the side at bat is making runs or is in the lead. But assuming that the score is close or tied, and there are men on first and second, and a sure run is wanted, then it is that bunting should be resorted to, for it is a safe play and ensures the advancement of the run- ners. But the base-runners and the batsman must work together as before — to run and bunt on the preconcerted signal. The advantage of the play at this stage is manifest. The third base- man, for instance, is between two fires. He sees the runner who is on second starting to steal third, and naturally hugs third base more closely than he otherwise would ; at the same time he cannot lose sight of the batsman. If the latter makes a slow bunt the third baseman in his anxiety is apt to fumble it, or may not be able to reach the ball in time to retire the bats- man at first. In any event the runners are safe. But the beginner should always bear in mind that the great secret of success of team batting lies in protecting the runner. FIELDING. To the eye, fielding is undoubtedly the most delightful fea- ture of our national game, and though it has been eclipsed in importance by batting in recent years, owing to the legislation in favor of the latter, the fact remains that it is almost as big a factor in determining victory or defeat as ever it was. Brilliant fielding does not produce runs — it prevents them; and in play- ing a game it is just as desirable to keep your opponents from scoring as it is to score yourself. In other words, fielding is the defensive side of base ball; batting the offensive. Just as there is ^ disposition to exaggerate the importance of slugging PRACTICAL BALL PLAYING. Fig. 5.— bunting TOWARD THIRD BASE. PRACTICAL BALL PLAYING. 15 pure and simple, so there is a disposition shown to belittle the importance of fielding. The championship has never been won by heavy hitting alone. The Detroit champions of 1887 were not only heavy batsmen, but they were clean fielders, and had an exceptionally skilful corps of pitchers in addition, and yet they only finished four games ahead of the Philadelphia team, which in batting ranked sixth, but which in fielding and base- running was the fastest club in the League. One of the chief charms of the national pastime is the variety it affords. Necessarily the playing of one game suggests another, and yet there were never two exactly alike. The changes that can be and are rung in on the batting, fielding, base-running, pitching, and team-work relieve the game of all sameness, and combine to make it what it really is — the most attractive outdoor sport yet devised. In the accompanying pages I shall endeavor to give the young and aspiring player some hints on the practical side of fielding, what he should do, and how he should go about it. THE PROPER WA V TO EI ELD. With the exception of base-running, no department of the game makes a greater demand upon the mental alertness of the player than fielding. The batsman generally endeavors to do that which is already agreed upon; the fielder is, as a rule, thrown upon his own resources, and not infrequently the com- pletion of the play he contemplates when the ball is batted will hinge upon some other player anticipating that play. And it is right here that the importance of unison of field play comes in. At the bat the batsman, base-runner or base-runners, andcoachers only are in the game; in the field all nine players are in the game from the time the first ball is pitched until the third hand is retired. When a ball is batted, every fielder, ex- cepting, of course, those whose business it is to "back tip," should move in the direction in which the ball is traveling, and when it is possible for two men to field it, both should go after it. Both will intuitively know which of the two should stop it, or whether, if it is a fly, to catch it ; and in the event of a fum- ble or a muff the other player is in position to nullify to some extent the misplay. In this way extra bases, and incidentally runs, are frequently saved. Under no consideration should the fielder lose sight of the ball, no matter how far it may be from his own bail- iwick. i6 PRACTICAL BALL PLAYING. jTiG. 6 -PROPER POSITION BEFORE DELIVERING BALL. PRACTICAL BAI-L PLAYING. 17 THE BA TTERIES. With the patrons of the game, the managers and the players themselves, the "bat- teries " — pitchers and catch- ers — are regarded with the greatest concern. Between them, the pitcher and the catcher hold the key to the situation, and their influence, for good or indifferent play, upon the other players cannot be overestimated. No team is stronger than its weakness in the box — a paradox that is susceptible of proof. Noth- ing so demoralizes fielders as wild work on the part of the pitchers, a couple of bases on balls in a close contest having a more depressing effect than double that number of base hits. And what applies to the pitcher applies with almost equal force to the catcher. The latter has the field before him, and after the ball, assuming that it is not hit, leaves the pitcher's hands he is master of the situation. If bases are stolen on him with impunity, if his passed balls are numerous, demoralization is bound to ensue, and it generally begins with the pitcher. How great a factor the catcher may be in the success of his team is shown in the case of Robinson, of the Baltimores, the champions of 1894. They had gone through the season without serious mishap until catcher Robinson was compelled to lay off on account of injuries. Up to the time he met with his acci- dent the team had been winning regularly. He laid off for ten games, and of those ten games only one resulted in victory. It is not claimed that the nine defeats would have been converted into victories by the presence of Robinson on the team, but it is reasonable to assume that the average that the club maintained before his mishap and after his return would have been kept up. It is not proposed to embody in these hints on fielding an essay on the art of curve pitching. That has been already cov- ered in the Spalding Athletic Library. A few suggestions as to the way in which he should field his position may, how- ever, be of some service to the young pitcher, even though he has acquired a mastery of the various shoots, curves and drops. In the first place he should remember that his mission does not end when he has sent the ball over the plate. On an PRACTICAL BALL PLAYING yjo. 7.— PITCHER IN ACT OF DELIVERING BALL. PRACTICAL BALL PLAYING. 19 infield hit he should immediately run to first, taking care not to interfere with the runner in order to "back up." He might do this ninety-nine times without being of any service, and yet his failure on the one hundredth might mean defeat for his side. In the event of a wild pitch or passed ball he should always move up to the plate, whether it is necessary or not, and thereby acquire a good habit, which will become second nature to him. In attempting to field " bunts " the pitcher is called upon to exercise the greatest discretion. Whenever possible, " bunts " toward third should be handled by the third baseman instead of the pitcher, who necessarily loses time and motion by being compelled to turn aroui.d in order to throw. Unless an infield hit is coming straight toward him, the pitcher should also be wary of touching it. More base hits have been made by pitchers deflecting the course of the ball, for which either the shortstop or second baseman has been "set," than have been saved. On general principles, the pitcher will find it safer to give the infielders a chance on such hits as do not come straight at him in the box. THE CATCHER. ~ As said before the catcher is scarcely less important than the pitcher, and by some he is con- sidered even greater. A great catcher may make an indifferent pitcher fairly effective; but the greatest pitcher that ever sent a ball across the plate could not make a good catcher out of a poor one. Then again the star catchers are used in every game possible, and as a consequence they are more thoroughly in touch with the rest of the players, and more likely to get a correct line on the strength and weakness of _ the opposing batsmen. The first requisite of a catcher is a good arm, without which he should seek some other occu- pation. No arm, no thrower; no thrower, no catcher. A player may be the best receiver in the world, may be quick at all those little tricks which enliven the game, but unless he can throw he is out of place in these days of fast base-running and sliding. Assuming that he has the arm and the ability to stop and hold the terrific delivery of his pitcher, the catcher should begin to 20 PRACTICAL BALL PLAYING. Fig. 8.--CATCHER IN PROPER POSITION. PRACTICAL BAI.L PLAYING. 21 Study the methods of his opponents, and finding out what they want, endeavor to see that they get something else. He should study the methods of the base-runners as well as those of the batsmen, and lose no opportunity to compel them to " hug their bisas.' The correct position for the catcher is shown in the figure. In the act of receiving the ball, the body, providing thi pitch will perm it of it, should be brought into play so as tj break a part o^ the speed. • The ball once caught, no time should be lost in returning it to the desired point. Many strong thro.vars lose base-runners because of their slowness in gettirg the ball out of their hands. " Barney " Gilligan, of the Irovi- dence cha npions, was a very light catcher, barely scaling 130 pounds, and only a moderately strong thrower, yet he lest so Uttle tiina between receiving the ball and sending it on his way to second that he was a terror even to the swiftest base-runner. *' Buck" Ewing's quickness in the same particular had as much to do with the fame he achieved as a backstop as his superb throwing. The catcher should always bear in mind to keep his body in front of the ball and not reach to either side. THE FIRST BASEMAN. First base is the easiest point of die infield to cover, and yet there can be and is as much difference be- tween first basemen as there is between shortstops. The province of the good first baseman is not con- fined to stopping batted balls and holding the throws of the fielders, although many men playing that position think it is. The tall man playing first base has manifest advan- tageij, all other things equal, over one of smaller stature. Height and reach count in handling low or high or wide balls, and the big man makes a better mark for the infielders to throw to. ^^.,-' With no one on bases the first yt^ baseman should take up his position ^ ^,-.- "'*"''*' ^* about fifteen feet back of the base '■'* line, being careful not to go too far ^--^C^--^ from the foul line, which would pre- ^'"'-S^^^*'^ ^ vent him from intercepting any fair ball that might be hit to'his left. If, in order to field a ball, he is 22 PRACTICAL BALL PLAYING. Fig. 9— first BASEMAN RECEIVING WIDE THROW. PRACTICAL BALL PLAYING. 23 compelled to go into short right field he should not attempt to make the out at first himself, but should depend upon the pitcher to cover the base. There is no more vexatious incident in the game than to see the runner and the baseman making a dash for first, aad the former gaining it in safety when he would have been put out had the pitcher covered the base. With a runner on first the baseman should remain close to the bag in order to prevent the runner from getting too great a start. When the pitcher raises his arm to deliver the ball the first baseman should move down the line toward second. In the event of the ball being hit toward him he should as quick as thought determine whether he has time to head off at second the runner who has just vacated first. If he has, that is his play, although it involves rapid work and the possibility of a wild throw or a muff. But in any event he must not hesitate. If the ball has been handled cleanly the easier play is, of course, to retire the man running to first, but the player who is on first reaches second and is in a position to score on a single base hit. But if the ball is fielded to second in time to retire the runner, the side at bat gains nothing by the out. If the ball is thrown to second the first baseman should im- mediately return to his base, because if it has been a fast hit ball there is always the possibility of a double play, which from a spectacular point of view is the prettiest of the game. The first baseman should always back up throws to second from left and centre fields, and he might save many a base by getting behind the catcher on long throws to the plate. THE SECOND BASEMAN Second base has not inaptly been called the " keystone of the infield." Upon the coolness, quickness, and judgment of the player covering that position hinge, in a great measure, victory or defeat. In an actual playing sense, that is, the purely physical act of catching, stopping, or throwing the ball, the second baseman's duties are less arduous than those of either the shortstop or the third baseman. Being practically on a line with the pitcher and the batsman, he is in better position to watch the course of the ball from the time it leaves the pitcher's hand until it comes in contact with the bat; and being in so much closer proximity to first than either of his associates, his shorter throw enables him to play further back, and thereby avoid the terrifically strong drives which the shortstop and the third baseman must necessarily face, But there his advantages 24 PRACTICAL BALL PLAYING. Fig. io.— proper position FOR STOPPING GROUND BALL PRACTICAL I'Al, 25 end, and his responsibilities begin. To be successful, the sec- ond baseman must study the batsmen, to know in which direc- tion they naturally hit, and to govern himself accordingly ; to play well out to right for some batsmen and to play close to second for others; to anticipate what either the shortstop or third baseman is likely to do when men are on bases, and to be in the right place at the right time. All the infielders should remember that it is always good policy to retire the runner nearest home, but the second base- man particularly should impress that fact upon his memory. He should work in perfect unison with the shortstop. If there is a runner on first, and there is a. ball knocked into his field, the second baseman's first thought should be to head off the runner at second when possible. He should always feel assured, how- ever, that the shortstop is covering the base. At the same time he should not permit his anxiety to head off a runner to lead him into errors of judgment, and in his attempt to save one base lose two. For instance, when the field is playing in for the purpose of preventing a runner scoring from third, and the ball is batted to an infielder, the latter should be sure that he has time to catch his man at the plate. If in doubt, he should play safety and retire the batsman; but under all circumstances, if he means to throw home, he should do so as soon as he gets the ball in his hand. The second baseman should remember that there are others in the game beside himself, and should not permit his zeal to work a disadvantage to his side. This hint is particularly applicable in working double plays and in preventing a runner scoring from third when a runner tries to steal second. When a double play is possible, and time will permit, the second baseman should field the ball to the short- stop, who js always in better position to throw to first. If the 26 PRACTICAL BALL PLAYING. Fig. II.— outfielder STOPPING FLY BALL. PRACTICAL BALL PLAYING. 27 second baseman wants to secure both the put-out and the assist, the time he loses in running to the bag, regaining his balance, and getting in position frequently causes him to miss a runner at first base who might have been retired had he thrown the ball to the shortstop in the first place. And when a runner on third tries to score on the throw down to catch another runner trying to steal second, the second baseman must nf|.t attempt too much. That play should be made in this way: Assuming that tlie runner on first starts to second with the movement of the pitcher's arm, the second baseman should run in on tte ball, keeping an eye on the runner on third and paying no at- tention to the runner on first. The shortstop takes caie of the latter by running over to second. If the man on third makes a break for home, then, of course, the second baseman throws to the catcher. If, however, the runner only makes a bluff of going in, and returns to third instead, then the second baseman should permit the ball to go to the shortstop, who is covering second, who will retire the runner. coming from first. In no event should the second baseman endeavor to make the out himself. THE SHORTSTOP. The shortstop occupies a middle posi- tion between the second and third base- man, not only geographically, but in a playing sense, and in a fielding way must combine to some extent the good qualities of both. Like the second base- man, he should learn the batsmen's peculiarities and try to anticipate just where they will drive the ball. Owing to his longer throw, the shortstop can- not afford to play so far away from the plate as the second baseman, but the depth of the field he plays should be measured by the strength of his arm. The strong- throwing shortstop has a double advantage. The "deeper" he plays the more likelihood there is of him getting in front of Vjalls which he never would have reached had he 'been playing further in, to say nothing of the increased opportunities it gives him to reach fly balls to left or centre which might have dropped safely between the in and outfields. PRACTICAL BALL PLAYING. THE THIRD BASEMAN. Third base is the hardest position in the infield to play, and the fact that there are so few first-class third basemen goes to prove it. The third baseman is handi- capped at the outset, be- cause he does not know what he will be called upon to do until the ball is at him. The second baseman and shortstop have the advantage of being able to see the ball from the time it leaves the pitcher's hands until it goes off the bat, but, except when left-handed batsmen are at the plate, the third baseman is kept constantly guessing. The ball comes at him with more speed than at any other fielder, and on account of the larger throw the strain imposed upon him is greater. The development of the "bunt" has also increased the difficulties of his position and incidentally its dangers. The third baseman should learn to keep the ball in front of him and, if possessed of a good throwing arm, to play back of the line rather than in front of it. He and the shortstop should have a thorough un- derstanding, so that they will not conflict. The third baseman should handle all balls upon which he can get his tM'o hands, but under no circumstance should he endeavor to stop a ball \yith his left hand for which both he and the shortstop rre "set." The catching of the difficult straight-up high-foul flies is another feature of the third baseman's work, to which he can profitably afford to devote any amount of practice. PRACTICAL BALL PLAYING. THE OUTFIELDERS. If there are any sinecures on a base- ball team they are supposed to be found in the outfield; yet, as in the case of the first baseman, the outfielders are fre- quently potential factors in the game. The first essential of a good outfielder is the ability to throw strong and accu- rately. A fielder may learn to catch and to "get up" to a ball in time, buturlei^s he is able to throw, and to throw well, he will never be a success. Folloviing in importance come surere<^s of catch, running and judgment. The gocd fielder should know what lo do the in- stant the ball goes off the tat. If it is a long fly, and he sees (hat it is going over his head, he should turn and run and then stop about where he thinks the ball will come dcvn. This style of catch had its most distinguished exponent in tie late James G. Fogarty, and has admirable exemplars to-day in Duffy and McCarthy of Boston, Kelly of Ealtiniore, Delahanly of Philadelphia, Griffin of Brooklyn, and other League outfield- ers. Fielders who run with the ball — that is, are compelled to keep the ball in sight — cannot cover as much ground as the others, and make what is professionally called "grand-stand catches " of flies that would be easy chances for those ^^ho have acquired the knack of running with their back to the Tall and turning about where it falls. Too much stress cannot be laid upon the importance of field- ers backing each other up. What looks like a simple catch may result in a muff; the easiest kind of a grounder maybe fumbled or missed. It is then that the advantages of backing up are made manifest. The effect of the error is partially or wholly nullified if the fielders are working in concert. What would have been perhaps a three-base hit is reduced to a single, or the man who was on second is held on third by the prompt ac- tion of the fielders protecting each other. Again, the outfield- ers should move in as soon as the ball is hit toward one of the infielders, for many an extra base is saved in that way. Above all, the aspiring fielder, whether in the in or the out- fields, should remember to always move in the direction of the ball. SPALDING'S COMPLETE UNIFORMS. Our line ot flannels for Base Bail Uniforms consists of five qualities and over forty different patterns. Each grade is kept up to the highest point of excellence, and patterns changed every season ; base ball players may be assured that whatever grade of uniform is selected, it will be the very best that can be furnished for the money. On orders for complete sets 'i i »^wYl(3!i9l/^ L ^ ^\ ^^ uniforms, we make no charge for ' IV / \ (■ I1IN& ^fc\ 'ottering ; on orders for single suits r iWliifi^y y we charge F/ye Ce/7fs per letter. Spe- ' ' ' cial measurement blanks, samples of flannel and belt webbing for all the following uniforms furnished on ap- plication. No. O. Uniform, complete, Plain Pants $ | 4.00 No. I , Uniform, complete. Plain Pants | | ,00 No. 2. Uniform, complete. Plain Pants 8.40 No. 3. Uniform, complete, Plain Pants 6.00 No. 4. Uniform, complete, m '«^^^ IIIIIH' Plain Pants 4.25 »//» ■■■■ mniin ^=,<^ jg-^^ g^ Uniform, complete. Plain Pants 2.75 On No. o Uniform, Padded Pants extra.. | .OO On Nos. I, 2, 3 and 4 Uni- forms, Padded Pants ,75 OUR COMPLETE CATALOGUE OF SPRING aid SDMHBR SPORTS, HANDSOMELY ILLUSTRATED, And Containing Every Requisite for Athletic SpOrtS, mailed dee to any address. A. G. SPALDING & BROS., NEW YORK. CHICAGO. PHILADELPHIA. SrflLDlNQV QflTCHERJ' niTTJ. Made in Pdghts and Lefts, and without Thirowing Gloves. yj^ /'*/• *k Highest Quality Mitt, made oi fjJdidil^^ the finest selected leather, / H,cH Each, $ | ,50 No. 4. Spalding's Boys' Mitt, front and back grain leather, hand-piece yellow tanned sheepskin, laced back and well padded Each, 50C. No. 2. No. 5. Spalding's Boys' Mitt, leather front hand-piece; a strong and durable glove for boys Each, 25C. Our Complete Illustrated Catalogue Mailed Free. fi. Q. SpiWiuj & Pro?., '="'^*°SkwToRr''"'^' Spalding's Base Ball Goods. Spalding's Basemen's Mitts. Made in Rights and Lefts. , ^-v >;> Base Mitt, finest velvet nimUninui^S tanned buckskin, per- No. 3X /^yJr^Srfurf^ fectly padded, highest ^^ r-^---^.^ 'l"^ '^^Each, $3.00 No. AX. Spalding's Basemen's Mitt, soft tanned „„-™.ssxwx.. . brown leather, fine felt padding, made in rights and IH^M lefts Each, $2.00 v^^^^gf -j^^ g ^^ Spalding's Basemen's Mitt, mad of special No. 4X. gold tanned leather, well padded, rights and lefts. Each, $ 1 .00 No. 6X. Spalding's Boys' Basemen's Mitt, same as our No. 5X, but smaller sizes '. Each, 50C. Spalding's Basemen's Mitt. In Rights and Lefts. Basemen's Mitt, finest velvet tanned buck- Nn RV jf^'Mh'^^^^r^ skin, laced edge, per- ..•'\je ^^°- "'^■CiiAC—irr^'j fectly padded, * ^^^""^ highest quality. Each, $4.00 Spalding's Infielders' Clove. In Rights and Lefts. _^ j yiLV /?!>»' ^j ll ^^_ ^ Scoring Tablets 35 No. o. . Our Complete Catalog ae of " Spring and Summer Sports " Mailed Free to Any Address. A. G. SPALDING & BROS., NEW YORK. CHICACO. PHILADELPHIA. Spalding's Supporters and Bandages. FOR ALL ATHLETIC SPORTS. No, No. No. No. No. Morton's No. No. I , Stocking Supporter No. 2. Stocking Supporter Supporters. Each j, Morton's Supporter ^ .35 2. Rheim's Supporter .50 3. Dare's Supporter I .OO lOO. Wrist Supporter 25 230. Wrist Supporter 50 H. Ankle Supporter Pair, | .25 •' .50 " .35 Elastic Bandages. SHOULDER CAP. No. No. No. No. I A. 2. 2A. Cotton Silk.... No. 3. No 3A. Wrist Piece. No. No. No. No. 4. 4A. 5. 5A. ELBOW PIECE. Cotton Silk , ARM PIECE. Cotton Silk KNEE CAP. Cotton 1.50 Silk 2.00 Each. $3.50 5.00 f.50 2.00 I.50 2.00 ANKLE PIECE. Cotton. Silk . 1. 50 2.00 No. 6. No. 6A. Cotton Silk. WRIST PIECE. .75 f.OO ^f^J^ Suspensories. Ankle. CHICAGO SUSPENSORIES, No. 70. Non-Elastic Bands $ ,25 No. 7 1 , Elastic Buttock Bands ,50 No. 72. Full Elastic Bands 75 No. 73^. Elastic Bands, silk sack i .OO No. 75. Elastic Bands, satin top piece 1.25 No. 76. Silk Elastic Bands, satin trimmings 2.00 OLD POINT COMFORT. No. 2. Elastic Bands, adjusting buckles $ I .OO No. 3, Elastic Bands, silk sack and trimmings 1.50 No. 4. Silk Elastic Bands, satin trimmings, fine silk sack 2.00 Send for our complete Catalsgue of " Springand Summer Sports," hand- somely illustrated, and the most comprehensive Catalogue ever issued. Mailed free. A. G. SPALDING & BROS., New York. Chicago. Philadelphia. A TMLETIC UNIirORMS AND Wearing Apparel for All Sports. SPOI^TSMEN'S WE/VR 'O'^ OUR BROOKLYN FACTORY. Bicycle Suits, Sweaters, Tennis Suits, Jerseys, Attiletic Slioes, Knee Pants, College aad Full Tights, Outing Caps, Ladies' & Gentlemens' Belts. In Cotton, Worsted, Silk and Leather. BARNARD'S Celebrated Al Shooting Coat, Shooting Trous, ers, Shooting Hats and Caps- Gun Cases, Cartridge Belts, Revolver Holsters. And an Important Line of Leggings. I DflHllHnU & bUi| 199-201 Madison St., CHICAGO, ILL strictly flanufacturers. SEND FOK OUR ILLUSTRATED CATALOGUE. ATJHbETie SwE/)rTEF^S to variations in weight. Colors, Our " Highest Quality " Sweaters are made of the very finest Australian lambs' wool and are ex- ceedingly soft and pleas- ant to wear. They are full fashioned to body and arms and without s:ams of any kind. We call spe- cial attention to the " In- tercollegiate "grade which we originally made by spe- cial order for the Yale foot ball eleven and are now ex- clusively used by all In- tercollegiate players. The}' are considerably heavier than the heaviest sweater ever knitted and cannot be furnished by any other maker, as we have exclus- ive control of this special weight. The various grades in our ''Highest Quality " Sweaters are identical in quality and finish, the difference in price being due entirely White, Navy Blue, Black and Maroon. No. A. No. B. No C. No. D. " Intercollegiate," special weight $7. CO Heavyweight 5.00 Standard weight 4.50 Medium weight 3.50 Our complete catalogue of Athletic Uniforms and all other requisite* foi Indoor and Outdoor Sports, mailed free to any address. A. G. SPALDING & BROS., New York. Chicago. Philadelphia. OUR LATEJT NOVELTY THE 44 BABY'' JEWINQ M/ICHINE A Perfect Little Machine. Charges Prepaid to any Express or Post Office in the Un-ited States It is not a toy , but a perfect little Sewing Machine, and Warranted to do Good Sewing on any mater- ial that can be used on the regular sewing machine. It uses the "Wilcox & Gibbs No. 2 needle and the regular No. 60 thread. It makes a chain stitch. It has a patent finger protector which absolutely prevents the smallest child from getting i t s finger under the needle, either by accident or intent. It has a tension screw for regulating the tension. _ , , . It is simple in construc- Fastened by Clamp furnished with each machine, but not jJqj^ cannot get out of or- shownincut.^ der, and the smallest child can successfully work it. It is attached to table, chair or any convenient place by clamp, which is furnished with each machine. It has no attach- ment of any kind, is intended to do plain sewing only, and is not offered as a substitute for the family sewing machine. It is sent, complete, in a wood box, securely packed, and the machine properly adjusted, with thread, clamp, needles, and everything necessary to begin sewing the minute it is opened up. Simple directions for its operation on each box. Each machine is thoroughly tested before leaving the factory and a sample of its sewing left on the plate. The price, $2.50, must be sent with order, and we will then send it to your nearest Express Office, all charges paid, or to any Post Office in the United States in registered package. Not sent C. O. D. Agents wanted everywhere. Write tor terms. Price, $2.50. Charges Prepaid. Our Complete Catalogue contains thousands of the latest and most inter- esting Novelties as well as all requisites for Athletic Sports and Pastimes. Mailed free on application. PECK & SNYDER, 11 and 13 BEEKMAN ST., P. O. Box 2751. NEW YORK CITY. SPALDING'S Uniform Goods. BASE BALL BELTS. Worsted Web Belts. 2% inches wide. Each. No. o_. No. 00. Special League Belt $0.50 No. 2. Worsted Web, double leather covered buckle 5Q No. 47. Worsted Web, single leather covered buckle .50 ^°-"- Cotton Web Belts. Q-Yi inches wide. No. 23. Double strap, nickel buckle. .. ,25 No. 4. Single strap, leather mounted, plain buckles .15 No. 4. Base Ball Stockings. pair. No. OO. Heav3% ribbed, linen sole $1.25 iHI lilii No. 3/0. Extra Heavy, plain or striped.... 1,50 ili iiif ^°- •■ All Wool, heavy I.OO iHf nil ^°- 2. AH Wool, medium 75 B^K *fl|| No. 3, Wool, ordinary weight 5C mm ^W ^o- 4. Cotton Stockiags ,23 ^ ^ No. 5/0. Scotch Wool 4.0fl o. 3/0. 3. No. 4/0. Irish Wool 2.5C Spalding's Base Ball Shoes. p^ir. No. 2/0. The Spalding Highest |fc^,__^_^^ Quality Base Ball Shoe $7.50 Sf'^ ^ \o. J /O, Finest Calf, hand-sewed, ^^^ I I'ith plates 5.00 f^iir Jl ^ '. IX. Fine Calf, hand -sewed, with -— srf** /^^CAJ^o 7 plS'Ced on every boat of onr manufacture. « CLAYTON Our eight boats, St. Lawrence River Skiffs ; rowboats ; sailing canoes ; paddling canoe ; yacht tender and small sail yacht received HIGHEST POSSIBLE AWARDS At World's Columbian Exposition. We build HIGH GRADE Pleasure Craft of all kinds, from Canoe to Steam Launch. Our single-hander Sail Boats, of modern built fin-keel type, are immensely successful cruisers and racers. On receipt of applicption, we will mail to any address our HANDSOMELY ILLUSTRATED AND DESCRIPTIVE CATALOGUE. ST. LAWRENCE RIVER SKIFF, CANOE AND STEAM LAUNCH CO., CLAYTON, Jefferson County, N. Y. SPALDING'S TRADE MARK BATS. M _ Men's Model, made of finest selected timber, oil finish, and in three approved Each. models, A, B and C. Each bat in sep- arate bag. Highest Quality $ I -OO Boys' Model, same quality and finish, in three patterns, A , B and C | .OO No. 3/0. Each. No. 3/0. Spalding's Special Black End League Players' Wagon Tongue Ash Bat, patent rough handle 3 | ,00 No. O'X. Spalding's Special Black End Axletree Bat, fine straight grained ash ,50 No. 2/ X» Spalding's Black End Antique Finish Bat, extra quality Ash. .25 No. 4a Spalding's Black End Willow Bat, highly polished and very light ,50 Spalding's Trade-Mark Boys' Bats. No. OXB. Spalding's Special Black End Axletree Boys' Bat; Each. length, 30 and 32 inches $0.25 No. 56. Spalding's Black End Youths' Maple Bat, stained and polished, gilt stripes , | O No. 53. Spalding's Black End Youths' Maple Bat, polished, gilt stripes ,|0 No. 54, Spalding's Black End Boys' Maple Bat, black stripes, 26 to 28 inches ,05 Our complete Catalogue of " Spring and Summer Sports," handsomely illustrated, and containing every requisite for athletic sports, mailed free to any address. A. G. SPALDING & BROS., NEW YORK. CHICAGO. PHILADELPHIA. 5rflLDiN0's Athletic Librart. Published Monthly. Each Number Complete. Devoted to all kinds of Sports. No. I. LIFE AND BATTLES OF JAMES J. CORBETT. No. 2. INDIAN CLUBS AND DUMB BELLS. By J. H. Doogh. ERTY, Amateur Champion of America. No. 3. BOWLING. By A.E. Vogell. Containing instructions How to Bowl, How to core, How to Handicap. No. 4. BOXING. This book is, without doubt, the most valuable manual of its kind ever published. It is fully illustrated. No. 5. GYMNASTICS. By Robert Stoll, N. Y. A. C, America's Champion on the Flying Rings since 1885. No. 6. LAWN TENNIS. By O. . Campbell. No. 7. BASE BALL. By Walter Camp No. 8. GOLF. By J. Stiakt Balfour. No. 9. ATHLETES' GUIDE. Articles on Training, printing, Throw- ing Weights,Walking, etc.,and Rules for Government of Athletic Games. No. jO. CROQUET. Official Rules of the Game as adopted by the National Croquet Association. No. II, SPALDING'S OFFICIAL FOOT BALL GUIDE AND REFEREE'S BOOK. Revised bv Walter Camp. No. 12. G/tLIC AND ASSOCIATION FOOT BALL. Complete Methods and Rules of each Game. No. 13. HANDBALL. Hoxy to Play It. Rules and Definitions, Regu- lation Court and its construction, with other interesting matter. No. 14. CURLING, HOCKEY AND POLO. Rules governing each c^ame, and other valualjle information. NO.^ISA. INDOOR BASE BALL GUIDE. Complete illustrations for Playing, with Description of Game. No. 16. SKATING. History of Skating, from earliest appearance to the present day, to which is added a list of the most authentic recorcs. No. 17. BASKET BALL. Latest Revised Rules, with diagrams show- ing position of plavers, etc. No. 18. FENCING. Complete Manual of Foil and Sabre, according to the methods of the best modern school. No. 19. SPALDING'S OFFICIAL BASE BALL GUIDE FOR 1894. Complete hand-book of the National Game of Base Ball. No. 20. CRICKET GUIDE. By Geo. Wright. Fully Illustrated. No. 21. ROWING. By E. J. Giannini, Champion Amateur Oarsman. Fully illustrated. No, 22. CROQUET. As adopted by the National Croquet Ass'n. Ill'i No. 23. CANOEING. By C. Bowver Vaux. No. 24. OFFICIAL FOOT BALL GUIDE FOR 1894. Edited by Walter Camp. Contains revised rules, portraits of leading players, etc. No. 25. SWIMMING. Rv Walter G. Douglas. Illustrated. No. 26 HOW TO PLAY FOOT BALL. By W.^lter Camp. lU'd. No. 27. COLLEGE ATHLETICS. By M. C. Mirphv. No. 28. ATHLETIC ALMANAC. Bv Tames E. i-lliv.an-. No. 29. EXERCISING WITH PULLEY WEIGHTS. h.s.Anuersqn No. 30. HOW TO PLAY LACROSSE. By w. H. Corbett. No. 31. SPALDING'S OFFICIAL BASE BALL GUIDE FOR 1895 No. 32A. PRACTICAL BALL PLAYING. By Arthur A. Irwix. EACH COPY, 10 CENTS. BiAERKflN 5P0RTS PUBL15H1H6 COMPANY. 241 BROADWAY, NEW YORK. SPALDING'S UNIFORM GOODS. Base Ball Shirts. No. O quality Shirts, regular styles, Each, $6.00 No. I quality Shirts, " 5.00 No. 2 quality Shirts, •' 3.75 No. 3 quality Shirts, " 2.75 N^. 4 quality Shirts, " 2.00 Base Ball Pants. No. O quality Pants, No. I No. 2 " No. 3 No. 4 " Plain. Padded. $5.00 $6.00 3.75 4.50 2.73 3.50 2.00 2.75 1 .35 2.00 Padded Pants. Base Ball Caps. Chicago, College, Eton, Skull, Jockey and Boston Styles. No. O quality, best quality. No. I quality, lighter flannel, No. 2 quality, good flannel, . No. 3 quality, ordinary flannel, No. 4 quality, light flannel, Each. $1.00 .75 .65 50 .40 Chicago Style. Each, lOc. " 25c. " 50c. Score Books-Pocket Sizes No. 1 . Paper Cover, 7 games. No. 2. Board Cover, 22 games, . No. 3. Board Cover, 46 games, Club Sizes. No. 4. Board Cover, 30 games, . No. 5. Cloth Cover, 60 games, . No. 6. Cloth Cover, 90 games, No. 7. Cloth Cover, 120 games, . Score Cards, per doz., 25c. Our Catalogue of Spring and Summer Sports and Athletic Uniforms, mailed Each, $1.00 1.75 2.50 3.00 ilog free to any address A. G NEW YORK. SPALDING & Bros., CHICAGO. PHILADELPHIA, OFFICE OF PRESIDENT NATIONAL LEAGUE AND AMERICAN ASSOCIATION OP PROFESSIONAL BASE BALL CLUBS. No. I. No. O. No. 1 B No. 2. No. 3. No. 5. No. 2B, No. 7. No. 7B. No M. No. 6. No. (4. No. 8. No. 9B, No. 13. No. ( 5. No. 16. SPALDING'S TRADE MARK BASE BALLS.. The Spalding League^ Ball} adopted by the National League and American Association. of Professional Base Ball Clubs. Warranted to last a full game with- out ripping or losing its elasticity or shape. Official League Ball, Double Seam Ball, Boys' League Ball, Professional Ball, Amateur Ball, King of the Diamond, Boys' Professional, Boys' Favorite Ball, League Junior Ball, Bouncer Ball, Victor Ball, Boys' Amateur Ball, (All of the above in Eureka Ball, Boys' Lively Ball, Rocket Ball, Dandy Ball, Boss, 4-piece Ball, (The above not in separate box.) separate box and sealed.) Each. JI.50 1.50 I.OO f.OO .75 .50 .50 .25 .25 .25 .20 .15 .10 .lO .05 .05 .05 OUR COMPLETE CATALOGUE OF Spring and Summer Sports, Athletic and Uniform Goods. The most complete catalogue of its kind ever issued and mailed free to any address. A. G. SPALDING & BROS.. New York. Chicago. Philadelphia. SFOlDi'S DFFICi mMK HIIIES. ^ Compiled by JAMES E. SULLIVAN. Containins the Latest Official Rules for the Government of all kinds of Sport. The Most Complete and Up-to-Date Book ever Published. Contains Rules Governing Archery, Basket Ball, Bicycling, Bowls, Skit- tles, Bowling, Lawn Tennis, Canoeing, Cricket, Croquet, Court Tennis, Curling, Fenc- ing, Foot Ball, Gym- nastics, Golf, Hitch- and-Kick, Hand Ball, A.A.U. General Rules, A. A. U. Athletic Rules, Badminton, Bet- tin g, Boxing — M ar- quis of Queensberry Rules, London Prize Ring Rules ; Broad- sword(Mounted)Rules, Gaelic Association, La- crosse, National Rifle Association, Pistol and Revolver Shooting, In- animate Target Shoot- ing, Live Bird Shoot- ing, Hockey, Polo (Water), Polo Associa- tion Rules, Polo(Rink), Quoiting, Racing — Po- tato, Sack, Obstacle, Three Legged ; Dog Racing, Pigeon Flying, Rowing, Racquets, Sheffield Rules, Skat- ing, Snow-Shoeing, Shuffleboard, Wrestling — Collar-and-Elbow, Catch-as-catch-can, Grseco-Roman, Devonshire, Side Hold, Cum- berland and Westmoreland, Cross-Country Ruks, etc., etc. Price, postpaid, 50c. A. G. SPALDING & BROS., Chicago. Philadelphia. New YoiH!(# LIBRARY OF CONGRESS ■Hi. CHEST WEIGHTS Price, - - $10.00 i6-lb. Weights. No. 6. This is practically the same as our No. 5 Chest "Weight with- out the Centre Arm Adjust- ment, and is susceptible of all the movements to be had in any wall machine, excepting our No. 5. It is handsomely finished in japan, has double set of guide rods, compound ropes, swivel pulley and anti- friction bearings, perfectly noisless in operation and re- quires no oil. Each machine is furnished with ash wall boards, all necessary screws for setting up, and nicely crated for shipment. Our Complete Illustrated Catalogue of Gymnasium, Athletic and Outing Goods MAILED FREE. A. ©. SP/Vl-DiriG €r BR05., New Yofk, Chicago. Philadelphia.