■^0* 
 
 'o > 
 
 0' 
 
 
 *'V.T* .'S 
 
 
 * V ^ • 
 
 ^ O^ • . , 1 • ,0 
 
 
 
 ■^o' ^^O^ 
 
 
 
 •.V ,c,^ 
 
 

 
 ■/ 
 
 
 ;IǤi^" 
 
 
 ^«>. ./^ 
 
 -^■^ .V 
 
 
;, 
 
 50,000 COPIES ISSUED BY THE LEAVENWORTH BOARD OF TRADE. 
 
 HISTORY 
 
 -VrV) 
 
 METROPOLIS OF KANSAS, 
 
 AND T IT K 
 
 Chief Commercial Center West of the Missouri River. 
 
 Superior Mercantile and Manufacturing Facilities of the City. 
 
 W. S. BURIiE and J. L. ROCK, 
 
 l^ndeii the Supervision of the Xseauenwoijth Boattd of ^ijade. 
 
 LEAVENWORTH, KAN8AS: 
 The Lkavknworth Timks Book and Job Printing Establishment. 
 
 m 
 
v^ 
 
 Estai"blisli.ea. 1SS9. 
 
 »5=:e.rtj®. 
 
 
 KaiiiSja^ Music Emporiunv^ 
 
 CARL HOFFMAN. PROPRIETOR. ^' 
 
 AOENT 
 
 Chickeriag & 8ods 
 
 AND 
 
 Ernest Gabler 
 
 ^■^ PALACE 
 
 I ^^^, ©rgans, 
 ^^ ' Music and Hosical, 
 
 •^ / or Kvery Description. 
 
 RENTING PIANOS A SPKCIALTY. 
 
 PBIOE LIST VURNlaHED ON APPLIOATION. 
 
 315 Delav/are Street and 207 Shawnee Street, 
 
 LEAVENWORTH, KANSAS. 
 
 LEWIS MAYO, 
 
 Mis,4fwiMJis+fiiii-f|iplfifiits, 
 
 ,()KNT p-OU 
 
 HARRISON WAGON. 
 
 BELLEVILLE SEPARATOR. 
 
 I. 2C. X.. 3-ie^^IZsT IDISIXjL, 
 
 LrCaveu'wortti, 
 
 Kaii»a8. 
 
 -*-- 
 
 -*-- 
 
 Bain, and Kanhas -r- 
 
 Faum Wawons, T 
 
 Spkinu W'aoonb, 
 
 .ToHN Dekrk Plows 
 
 ANi> Cultivators. 
 N. C. Thompson's 
 
 Celebrated 8ulky 
 
 Plows, and 
 1. X. L. IStirhing Plows 
 
 ND i 
 
 — Walter A. Wood 
 
 -«- 
 
 AND Marsh 
 
 
 Sklf-Binders 
 
 
 Empire and Excelsior 
 
 
 liEAPERs and 
 
 
 Mowers. 
 
 
 Hkkuner & Son's 
 
 
 Little Giant, 
 
 
 1 and Buffalo 
 
 
 Pitt's Threshers 
 
 
 ■*' 
 
 HK- 
 
THE 
 
 HISTORY 
 
 LEAVENWORTH, 
 
 METROPOLIS OF KANSAS^ 
 
 AKD THX 
 
 Chief Commercial Center 
 
 WEST OF THE MISSOURI RIVER. 
 
 TH E 
 
 Superior Mercantile and Manufacturing Facilities 
 
 OF THE CITY 
 
 The Agkicultukai. Advantages of Leavenworth Coukty 
 Imi'artially Discussed. 
 
 ■^Wt S. BTJUKE ana J. L. ROOK, 
 
 %x\Avc\ the Supervision of the Ifleauenwot;th Board of (^ijade. 
 
 LEAVENWORTH, KANSAS: 
 Tbk Leuvenwouth Times Book and Job Pbinting Establishment. 
 
 1880. 
 
THE HISTORY OF LEAVENWORTH. 
 
 CHAPTER I. 
 
 LOCATION. 
 
 Lea,ven\vorth is situated upon a high plateau, on the west 
 bank of Ihe Missouri river, in latitude 39° 19\ and in longi- 
 tude 9i° 58' west from Greenwich, at an average altitude 
 above sea level of eight hundred and fifty feet. The town 
 site is rolling, and furnishes a perfect natural system of drain- 
 age ; the inclinations are not sharp enough to cause any steep 
 grades, or to interfere with the use or beauty of the streets, 
 but sufiicient to carry the water from all points to the river, 
 and thus to insure the public health against the malarious 
 exhalations from cess pools or ponds of stagnant water, and 
 all the other dangers that unavoidably spring from imperfect 
 drainage. It is surrounded on three sides by a range of hills, 
 at an average distance of two and a-half miles. Starting from 
 the river on the north, these sweep by a graceful curve around 
 the city, on the west, returning to the river again on the 
 south, forming a crescent which encloses the city upon the 
 north, south and west, and completely protects it from the 
 force of the prevailing storms, which nearly always set from 
 one of these three points. It is conceded by all that the town- 
 site of Leavenworth, for health, beauty, comfort and conven- 
 ience, is one of the best in the world, and is not surpassed by 
 any in the Western States. The peculiar situation of the 
 city, above referred to — within a crescent of high river hills 
 — not only gives to Leavenworth a beautiful and picturesque 
 location, which continually delights the eye, and enhances the 
 comfort of the people, but it gives to the place an almost 
 absolute guarantee against destructive storms. The city is 
 exposed only on the east, and owing to the general conforma- 
 tion of the country, and to certain meteorological laws which 
 it is not necessary hereto discuss, severe storms of wind rarely 
 or never come from that direction. Their course is always up 
 or down the valley of the river, or eastward from the moun- 
 tains, and a storm coming from any one of these three points 
 is met, and the force of the wind broken, by the range of sur- 
 
The History of Leavenworth. 
 
 roundiug bills, before it reacbes tbe cit}-. To tbe great ma- 
 jority of people tins is a very important consideration, since 
 there are but few things incident to climate or locality more 
 to be dreaded than the terrible wind storms that sometimes 
 sweep over the great central belt of the American continent 
 with such destructive force, and the peculiar circumstance of 
 location which guarantees us immunity from these, is a con- 
 sideration not to be lost sight of by the person who contem- 
 plates making his home in the west. 
 
 Being in the 39th degree of north latitude, the climate is 
 temperate, and is free from the objections that are urged 
 against either extreme ; it is not too far north nor too far 
 south, but enjoys most of the advantages of the north 
 and of the south, with very few of the disadvantages of 
 either. No better apples are raised in Michigan or Ver- 
 mont, than are produced in Leavenworth countj% and within 
 the same orchard enclosure may be raised peaches and 
 apricots, such as cannot be surpassed in Texas or Delaware; 
 winter wheat yields most abundantly of the best quality, and 
 in the same field may be raised cotton as good as can be pro- 
 duced ill Arkansas or Mississii)pi. All the fruits and vegeta- 
 bles of the temperate zone are raised here in abundance, but 
 the central location of the place — just between the north and 
 the south — is perhaps more noticeable in the great variety of 
 our birds, than in any other particular. Those that are 
 peculiar to every other section of the country meet here upon 
 common ground, and at different seasons of the year our ears 
 are regaled with the music of the birds of every section of the 
 United States, from east to west, and from north to south; 
 the hum and whir of the prairie hen mingles with the notes 
 of the blue jay, and the plain timid song of the wren is 
 heard at once with the bold and endless variations of the 
 mocking bird. 
 
 The location of the city is particularly favorable to health, 
 and the mortuary statistics show that the proportion of death? 
 is at the minimum, while the general average of the public 
 health is not higher in any city of equal size in the United 
 States. Indeed, there is nothing in the locaticm or surround- 
 ings of the city to generate or aggravate disease— no swamps, 
 no malarial places, no stagnant water, no imperfect drainage, 
 in short none of the hundred causes which in most great cities 
 
The History of Leavenworth. 
 
 conspire to breed disease and pestilence, but with a free and 
 unobstructed circulation of pure air, with pure wholesome 
 water, with a congenial climate, and with a market always sup- 
 plied with healthful fruits and vegetables in generous quan- 
 tities, and at such low prices that even the poorest persons ' 
 may always secure an abundance; nature seems to have left 
 nothing undone to encourage and promote the healthfulness 
 of the place, and to reduce the liability of disease to the lowest 
 probable point. Of course we do not mean to have the 
 reader infer that people here are never sick, but the idea we 
 wish to convey is that the very smallest proportion of disease 
 is due to extraneous causes, or causes peculiar to location or 
 climate, over which the patient may have no control. People 
 who live near malaria-breeding swamps or marshes, or in the 
 midst of poisonous gases generated through imperfect drain- 
 age, are liable at all times to attacks of most malignant 
 fevers, no matter what precautions they may take against 
 disease, or how carefully they may guard themselves against 
 exposures and indiscretions. But it does not follow that the 
 removal of these causes will prevent all the people from being- 
 sick, since the air, the water, and the fruits of Paradise could 
 not keep us always well if we should abuse our systems by 
 dissipation, by exposure, by over eating and poor ventilation. 
 And hence it follows that while all the unavoidable causes 
 of disease above referred to are absent in the case of 
 Leavenworth, our physicians still have enough to do. It must 
 not be inferred, therefore, that because the location is one of 
 the most healthful in the world, and the climatic conditions 
 the most salubrious, that you will never be sick ; but this 
 much you may safely assume — that your chances of contin- 
 uous good health will be as good here as at any other point 
 upon the American continent, and that your immunity from 
 disease will depend almost exclusively upon your own con- 
 duct, and the respect that you show for the laws of health. 
 While we cannot promise you that you shall be always well, 
 we can safely assure you that nature will do her part if you 
 will do yours. 
 
The History of Leavenworth. 
 
 CHAPTER II. 
 
 SETTLEMENT. 
 
 The City of Leavenworth takes its name from the United 
 States post and reservation of the same name, which was 
 originally known as Cantonment Leavenworth, established by 
 Col. Leavenworth of the Third U. S. Infantry, in May, 1827. 
 The first settlement* was made by a company of persons from 
 Weston, Missouri. The town site was ""claimed," or settled 
 upon, by them June 9th, 1854. This company consisted of 
 thirtj'-two persons, whose names are given elsewhere. This 
 was the first town settlement in the Territory', and conse- 
 quently Leavenworth justly claims to be the oldest town in 
 the State of Kansas, and from the first has always been the 
 larg3st town, baing the pioneer city of the State, as well as 
 the metropolis. 
 
 The town site was lo.;ated on the "Delaware Trust Lands," 
 as they were called, being a portion of the lands ceded to the 
 United States by treaty with the Delaware tribe of Indians. 
 
 The following is a copy of the original paper, taken from 
 the paper itself now before us, and agreed to by the respective 
 parties, whose names are attached, at the time specified. 
 
 ''articles of associaton. 
 
 " We. the undersigned, being desirous of procuring a claim 
 to a certain tract of land in the Delaware lands, adjoining the 
 military reservation in the Territory of Kansas, with the ulti- 
 mate view of perfecting a title to the same from the General 
 Government, have caused the same to be regularly and prop- 
 erly laid out and staked oft' and marked (ut, with the name of 
 
 each member, and a registry of the same made with Gro- 
 
 ver, a person appointed by the squatters of the Territory for 
 that purpose, to receive and make such entries or registry. 
 For the speed}' furtherance of this object, it is hereby mutu- 
 ally and sacredly agreed between the members of this associ- 
 ation, each pledging himself to the other, that we will pro- 
 tect and defend each in all possible ways against all aggression 
 whatsoever, until a title to the same is fully perfected, and it 
 
 ♦For all eBsenilal facts In' regard to the first Rettlement of Leavenworth the writer is 
 Indabted to Hon . H . Miles Moore , eecretary of the orit^al town company, and who is 
 Rtlil a resident of the city.. 
 
The UisTottt of LEAVENWoatti. 
 
 is further agreed by and between us that we will hold said 
 tract jointly in common, until a final division of the same 
 may be made by a majority of the members. We further 
 pledge ourselves to furnish the sum of two dollars and fifty 
 cents each for the survey and laying out of said tract, and all 
 other sums that may be assessed by a majority of the mem- 
 bers for the purposes of protecting and defending the same 
 from all aggression whatsoever. And Ave also further pledge 
 ourselves and solemnly promise that we will cordially obey 
 all needful rules and regulations that may be hereafter 
 passed by a majority of this society for the government and 
 protection of its members, upon a no less penalty than that 
 of expulsion from said society, together with the loss of all 
 claim, interest or title in and to said tract above referred to, 
 and all protection from said society, or either of its members, 
 shall thereby be Avithdrawn. It is further agreed that it shall 
 be optional Avith George B. Panton, one of our members, to 
 retain and keep for his own use and benefit the quarter sec- 
 tion and the improvements now occupied by him, at the price 
 at which the Government may sell the same, in which event 
 he is to lose all interest in this joint stock company. It is 
 further agreed by the members of this society that Major E. 
 
 A. Ogden shall have full membership and interest in the 
 society although not signing these articles. 
 
 ''In testimony whereof we have hereunto set our hands 
 this 13th day of June, A. D., 1854. 
 
 "George W. Gist, D. H. Stephens, W. H. Adams, L. A. 
 Wisely, Samuel Norton, Samuel Fernandis, John G. Gist, 
 Edward Mix, Malcolm Clark, Frans Impey, Frederick Starr, 
 Merritt Johnson, G. H. Keller, Wm. G. Caples, H. Miles Moore, 
 Lorenzo D, Bird, L. W. Caples, Oliver Diefendorf, Amos 
 Rees, Wm. S. Murphy, Joseph Murphy, G. B. Panton, Jos. 
 
 B. Evans, John Bull, James F. Bruner, J. D. Todd, A. Thos. 
 Kyle. Sackfield Maclin, A. E. Ogden, Samuel F. Few." 
 
 Of the original thirty members who signed those articles 
 of agreement but eight are now living,. as far as is known, as 
 follows : Oliver Diefendorf, Amos Rees, H. Miles Moore 
 Joseph Murphy, John G. Gist, Jos. B. Evans, A. T. Kyle anrl 
 Samuel F. Few. 
 
 Of the original members three were ministers, four were 
 lawyers, five were doctors, two were printers, eight were far- 
 
8 The History of Leavenworth. 
 
 mers, oue surveyor, four merchants, two army officers and 
 army clerk. Two other gentlemen were afterwards admitted 
 as original members of the association, James W. Hardesty 
 and W. S. Yohe, both of whom are now living and both 
 farmers. 
 
 Thus, says Mr. Moore, in a sketch from which we copy, 
 th^ law aAd gospel, brain and muscle, the honest farmer 
 and shrewd merchant and business man, Esculapius and 
 Mars, entered into a sacred contract to build a city and 
 put ducats in their purses. There was a fierce opposition to 
 the enterprise from its inception, by outside parties, who 
 wanted to get in, and certain Government officials, who pre- 
 tended such sincere devotion to the poor Indian, who in their 
 vivid imagination was being robbed by the avarice of the 
 squatters, when in truth and in fact had the town company 
 succumbed to their gentle pressure, for a liberal divide, they 
 might have bought in their town site at §2.50 per acre instead 
 of $24,000 for the 320 acres city proper. 
 
 Thus it will be seen that Leavenworth commenced her 
 existence as a city by being made the victim of extortioii, and 
 proper respect for the truth of history compels us to admit 
 that a very large share of her subsequent experience has been 
 strikingly consistent with the manner in whi di she started. 
 
 Shortly after the signing of the above articles of agree- 
 ment, the association met and proceeded to organize, by elect- 
 ing Gen. George W. Gist president; H. Miles Moore, secretary; 
 Jos. B. Evans, treasurer; Amos Rees, L D. Bird and Maj. E. 
 A. Ogden, trustees. Shortlj' after a committee of three were 
 appointed to draft a constitution and by-laws. L. D. Bird, 0. 
 Diefendorf and H. Miles Moore, such committee. The origi- 
 nal draft of the constitution is before us, with its erasures 
 and interlineations, part in Judge Bird's handwriting and the 
 balance in Mr. Moore's. 
 
 Messrs. Bird and Diefendorf, a majority of the committee, 
 reported in favor of naming the town '"Douglas," after Hon. 
 Sttph.m A. Douglas, of Illinois. Mr. Moore made a minority 
 report, favoring the nam.- of Leavenworth, after Fort Leaven- 
 worth, arguing that Fort Leavenworth was known all over 
 the country as one of the most beautiful and eligible sites in 
 the West, and that one hundred miles distant it would gener- 
 ally be understood that the town was at the Fort. The asso- 
 
The History of Leavei^worth. 9 
 
 ciation adopted the minority report on name, and thus Mr. 
 Moore is entitled to the honor of naming the town. 
 
 The original town site, as above stated, contained 320 
 acres, lying south of the military reservation of Fort Leaven- 
 worth, and between that and Three Mile Creek on the south, 
 and extending from the Missouri River (its east boundary) 
 west, so as to include the above named number of acres. It 
 was surveyed and platted by Gen. Gist, and was originally 
 divided into 150 shares, containing twelve lots to the share. 
 Three shares were at first divided to each one of the stock- 
 holders and seven retained by the trustees, to be disposed of 
 for the benefit of the town. Afterwards two more shares of 
 twelve lots each were set apart to each original stockholder. 
 
 A drawing of two lots to each share was had, so as to give 
 each share a first and second-class lot on either the Levee, 
 Main or Delaware, or Shawnee streets, below Second street. 
 A large number of shares were sold to other parties, who 
 signed the constitution and .became, members of the associ- 
 ation. 
 
 Among those who purchased shares were several armj- 
 officers, then stationed at Fort Leavenworth, some of whom 
 still own property here. Gen. F. E. Hunt, then Captain of 
 the Fourth Artillery, Gen. Magruder, Gen. B. C. Card, then 
 Lieut. Card, Gen. R. C. Drum, then Lieut. Drum, Lieut. 
 Robertson, Dr. Samuel Phillips, Gen. Joseph E. Johnston, 
 and many others. 
 
 The Association during the summer of 1854 expended 
 about $i,500 in cutting the timber and brush with which the 
 site was thickly covered- The money was raised by assess- 
 ment upon the stockholders. 
 
 The Kansas Herald was the first newspaper printed in 
 the Territory — the first number being issued on the 15th day 
 of September, A. D., 1854, under the "old elm tree," on the 
 Levee, near the corner of Cherokee street and the Levee. It 
 was owned and published by W. H. Adams. The press soon 
 moved into a house, erected by Mr. Adams, on the Levee, the 
 second lot east from Delaware street, where Landis' bakery 
 afterwards stood, the debris of which can still be seen. This 
 was the first building erected in the city. About six weeks 
 after the first publication of the Herald, Gen. L. C. Eastin 
 purchased an interest in the same and became editor, and con- 
 
10 The History of Leavenworth. 
 
 tinued in such capacity up to 1861. Within a few days after 
 the erection of the Adams' buildini;. Lewis N. Rees built a 
 store and warelioiise attached, on the corner of Delaware and 
 the Levee, (north side) where P. G. Lowe's building, occupied 
 by Keith & Co., as a warehouse, now stands. 
 
 The next paper to be started in the new town was " The 
 Kansas Territorial Register, established July 1st, 1855. The 
 Herald was a pro-slavery or*;. in, but the Ber/isterwa^ on the 
 other side; it was a Free-State paper, and was verj' independ- 
 ent and outspoken. A. M. Sevier was the publisher, and the 
 late .Fudge M. W. Delahay, editor. Like most of its successors 
 in Leavenworth, the Her/isfer was short-lived, and was 
 thrown into the Missouri River — type, presses and all — by 
 a pro-slavery mob, on the night of December 22, 1855. 
 
 At the same time " Uncle " George Keller and his son-in- 
 law, A. T. Kyle, built the house so long known as the " Leav- 
 enworth Hotel " — the first hotel in the Territory — on the 
 corner of Delaware and Main streets, where the Chicago and 
 Rock Island office now stands. It was in this hotel that Mrs. 
 J. M. Allen, of this city, and daughter of A. T. Kyle, Esq., 
 was born, December 6H1, 1854 — the first child born in town. 
 In front of the hotel, in the street, the first well in the town 
 was dug and when the street was graded down some thirty 
 feet, the well was actually dug up. 
 
 Capt. W. S. Murphy and Capt. Sim Scruggs, erected 
 the first saw mill in the country, at the mouth of Three-Mile 
 Creek, (north side) in the fall of 1854. It stands there now, 
 and is used as a saw mill to-diiy. The first dwelling house 
 was built by Jeremiah Clark, Esq.. about the 1st of October, 
 1854, on the present site of Governor Carney's residence ; it 
 now stands the next house west of the Westminster Church, 
 on Walnut street. The first church building was erected on 
 Third street, by Col. H. P. Johnson, near the northwest 
 corner of Third and Miami streets. A number of buildings 
 were erected during. the summer and fall of 1854. The first 
 public sale of lots took place on the town site, on the 9th and 
 10th days of October, 1854. Gen. George W. McLane, in 
 after years, the editor and publisher of the Yoiiuff America, 
 and the daily Ledger, (the first daily paper published in the 
 Territory) was the auctioneer. He died at Leadville about the 
 beginning of the present year — 1880. 
 
The His toby of Leavenworth. 11 
 
 Fifty-four lots were sold the first day and about the same 
 number the second, at prices ranging from ^50 to $350 each 
 — one-third in cash and the other two-thirds when the title 
 was secured. Lot No. 3, Block No. 3, next south of The Times 
 building, was sold to Capt. Grant for §350 — the highest 
 price paid. Whole amount of sales, both days, was $12,000. 
 
 The first religious services were held in the town by Elder 
 W. G. Caples, on the bank of the Missouri River, near the 
 reserve line, under the shade of the trees, October 8th, 1854. 
 Shortly after. Father Fish held Catholic services at south side 
 of Shawnee street, near Second. A postoffice was established 
 here in the fall of 1854, and Lewis N. Rees appointed post- 
 master. The office was in his store, above referred to, corner 
 of the Levee and Delaware street. 
 
 The credit of naming the streets after Indian tribes should 
 be given to Major E. A. Ogden, one of the first trustees of 
 the town association, as he suggested to the company as emi- 
 nently proper that the Indian names should be preserved, and 
 that they were, out of the usual style of street names and 
 especially euphoneous. It was so late in the season when the 
 public sale of lots was had, and building material so scarce, 
 that but a limited number of houses were erected in 1854. 
 The next spring the town progressed very rapidly. A large 
 number of houses were constructed during the season — a city 
 soon sprung into being as if by magic. By the next winter 
 the population had reached about 1,200 or 1,500 inhabitants. 
 Several stores, of different kinds, had been opened; also, 
 hotels, boarding-houses, lawyers, and doctors, offices, places of 
 religious worship, saloons and gambling houses. The United 
 States court and its officers, territorial, city and county 
 organizations were in full blast by the close of 1855, 
 
 Saturday, the 7th of October, 1854, the steamer "Polar 
 Star," from St. Louis, brought up Gov. Andrew H. Reeder, of 
 Pennslyvania, the first Governor of Kansas Territory. Great 
 preparations had been made to receive him at Weston, Mis- 
 souri — a little scheme to capture him in advance — but he 
 stopped off at Fort Leavenworth, and so disappointed the 
 Weston boys. Col. A. J. Isaacs, of Alexandria, Louisiana, 
 the newly appointed Attorney-General of the Territory 
 accompanied him. In the afternoon a delegation of citizens 
 waited upon the Governor at the Fort; a very respectable 
 crowd, in numbers at least, had assembled at Capt. Hunt's 
 
1:^ The His top y of Leave's worth. 
 
 quarters. Dr. Leib, late of Illinois, but then a citizen of Kan- 
 sas, addressed the Governor, on behalf of the citizens of the 
 Territory', there assembled. The Governor replied in a neat 
 and happy, but brief speech, after which the champagne 
 flowed generously. 
 
 Two of the United States Territorial Judges — Hon. Saun- 
 ders W. Johnson, of Cincinnati, Ohio, and Hon. Rush El- 
 more, of Montgomery, Alabama, reached here on Tuesday, 
 the 10th of October, 1854. Hon. S. D. Lecompte, the Chief 
 Justice, arrived at Leavenworth a short time after this date. 
 
 Gen. John Calhoun, Surveyor-General of Kansas and 
 Nebraska Territories, reached Fort Leavenworth about the 
 12th of March, 1855, where he first opened his office as Sur- 
 veyor-General of the above territories. He got some shares 
 out of the town company. I)}' promi.^ing to establish his office 
 at Leavenworth, but violated his word. Calhoun also got 
 shares in other towns upon similar promises. He then located 
 his office at Wyandotte, then moved it to Nebraska Cit}-, and 
 finally landed at Lecompton. His reputation as President of 
 the Lecompton Constitutional Convention, and manipulator 
 of returns in a candle box, are all familiar to those wjio have 
 read the political history of those days. 
 
 The first Board of County Commissioners for Leavenworth 
 county was composed of John A. Halderman. Probate Judge 
 and cx-officio President of the Board ; Joseph Hall, (both of 
 Leavenworth City,) and Mathew R. Walker, of Wyandotte 
 village, then in Leavenworth cou)ity. They held their 
 respective positions by virtue of the action of the joint session 
 of the legislative assembly of the Territory of Kansas. The 
 commission of Judge Halderman bears date 27th day of 
 August, A. I)., 1855; that of J. M. Hall, the same date; and of 
 Mathew R. Walker, 29th of August, A. D., 1855. They were 
 all issued and signed by D.iniel Woodson, acting Governor of 
 the Territory of Kansas, at the " Shawnee Manual Labor 
 School." 
 
 The City of Leavenworth was duly incorporated and a 
 special charter granted by the first Territorial Legislature at 
 Shawnee Mission in the summer of 1855. A supplemental 
 act was passed a few days after providing fin- an election for 
 Mayor and Councilmen, and "' appointing J. Harvey Day, W. 
 H. Adams, and Lewis N. Rees, of the City of Leavenworth, 
 
The History of Leavenworth. IB 
 
 for Judges of the election to hold the first election for a Mayor 
 and Board of Councilmen under the provisions of the original 
 act. The time was to be fixed by said Judges and they were 
 to give at least three days' notice of the time and place by ten 
 written or printed hand bills put up at ten public places in 
 said city. They were to give to the Ma^'or and Council the 
 certificate of their election." The act of incorporation and 
 the supplemental aj,t can be found in the statutes of Kansas 
 of 1855, pages 837 to 847, inclusive, also the two first acts in 
 book of city charters and ordinances of Leavenworth revised 
 and compiled, 1869 and 1870. Although there are quite a 
 number of persons in this city now who must have been 
 present at that election,, there are but two persons in this 
 whole section of the country who were city officers at that first 
 election, viz: George Russell, still a resident and stove merchant 
 on Delaware street, south side, between Third and Fourth 
 streets, and William T. Marvin, a farmer in Easton town- 
 ship, in this county, formerly a member of the Board of 
 County Commissioners. They were both elected Councilmen. - 
 There is no official record of that election that can be found; 
 although diligent inquiry has been made of many persons, no 
 one yet has been able to fix the precise date of the election. 
 This l)ut shows how rapidly those little items of especial 
 interest to our city's history are being lost. Mr. H. Miles 
 Moore, who then kept and still keeps a daily journal of events, 
 states that his best judgment is, that the election was held on- 
 Monday, the 3d of September, 1855,^ as he reached here from 
 a trip East, on the 5th of September, and that the elec- 
 tion had been held a few days before. The first meeting of 
 the City Council Avas held on Tuesday, the 11th of September, 
 1855. over J. L. Roundey's furniture store, on Main street, 
 east side, third lot from the corner of Delaware street. It 
 was the day on which the Leavenworth Town Association held 
 a meeting and drew four additional lots to each share. Thos. 
 Slocum was the first Mayor. Dr. J. H. Day, Councilman and 
 President of the Board. The other Councilmen (all elected 
 
 at large) were Fred Emery, M. L. Truesdell, McClelland, 
 
 Thos. H. Doyle. George^ Russell. Wm. T. Marvin, Dr. G. 
 J Park and Adam Fisher. After the Board was organized 
 they elected Scott J. Anthony, Register or City Clerk; Wm. 
 A. McDowell. City Marshal — he resfgned October 17. 1855, and 
 J. L. Roundey was appointed in his place; William H. Baily, 
 City Treasury; H. G. Weibling, Assessor; John L Moore. 
 
14 The History of Leavenworth. 
 
 City Attorney; E. L. Berthoud, City Engineer, now a resi- 
 dent of Colorado, a captain in the late war, and the discoverer 
 of BerthoiuVs Pass through the Rocky Mountains; M. L. 
 Trnesdell, Comptroller. 
 
 The first fire company was organized by consent of the 
 City Council September 17, 1855. The first city ordinance 
 passed September 17, 1855, Avas entitled: " Relating to games 
 of chance and skill." 
 
 Of the city officers all are dead except Dr. Da}', now in 
 Oregon; Scott J. Anthony, a wealthy citizen of Denver; Fred 
 Emory, George Russell and Wm. T. Marvin now here, and E. 
 L. Berthoud, now of Colorado. 
 
 The names and terms of office of those who have filled 
 the general offices of the city from that time to the present, 
 are as follows: 
 
 Miyor Slocum resigned his ofl:ce as Mayor and Wm. E. 
 Murphy was elected to fill vacancy January 21, 1856. 
 
 Wm. A. McDowell resigned as City Marshal October 17, 
 1855, and John L. Roundey was elected in his place to fill 
 vacancy. 
 
 John L. Roundey resign-xl as Marshal January 17, 1856, 
 and William Wood was elected for unexpired term, and 
 resigned February 25, 1856, and George A. Gery was appointed 
 to fill vacancy. 
 
 In September, 1856, Wm. E. Murphy was re-elected 
 Mayor. 
 
 September 13, 1856, the following city officers were elected 
 V)y the Council: William Perry, Register or Clerk; James 
 P. Bird, Treasurer; Wm. P. Shockley, City Marshal; Hugh 
 M. Moore, City Attorney. 
 
 March 25, 1857, William E. Murphy resigned, and on 
 March 30, 1857, William Perry resigned as Register. 
 
 April 1, 1857, John Gill Spivey was elected City Register 
 by the Council. 
 
 April 13, 1857. Henry J. Adams was elected Mayor to fill 
 vacancy, occasioned by iiic n-siirnation of William E. 
 Murphy. 
 
 April 20, 1857, .). Gill Spivey. resigned as Register. 
 April 27, 1857, E. Magruder Lowe was elected Register 
 by the Council. 
 
The History of Leavenworth. 15 
 
 July 7, 1857, E. Magruder Lowe resigned as Register, and 
 J. C. Grreen was appointed by the Council in his stead. 
 
 September 7, 1857, Henry J. Adams was re-elected Mayor. 
 September 11, 1857, J. C. Green was again appointed City 
 Register. 
 
 September 14, 1857, John Kendall was appointed City 
 Marshal, and on the same day John McKee was appointed 
 Treasurer. 
 
 September 6, 1858, H. B. Denman was elected Mayor; 
 I. G. Losee, Marshal; J. C. Green, Clerk; John McKee 
 Treasurer; William Stanley, City Attorney. 
 
 September 5, 1859, H. B. Denman, was re-elected Mayor; 
 Thomas Plowman, Treasurer; George Einstein, Clerk; Livius 
 Hazen, Marshal; Charles W. Helm, Attorney. 
 
 September 3, 1860, James L. McDowell was elected 
 Mayor; Thomas Plowman, Treasurer; George Einstein, 
 Clerk; John McXee, Marshal; H. W. Ide, Attorney. 
 
 September 2, 1861, Warren A. Lattin was elected Mayor; 
 Paul Rohr, Treasurer; Otto C. Beeler, Clerk; James Jen- 
 nings, Marshal ; N. H. Wood, Attorney. 
 
 April 7, 1862, H. B. Denman was elected Mayor; George 
 R. Hines, Treasurer; Otto C. Beeler, Clerk; James Jennings, 
 Marshal. W. S. Carroll was elected City Attorney by the 
 Council on September 16, 1862. 
 
 April 6, 1863, D. R. Anthony was elected Mayor; Thos. 
 Plowman, Treasurer; Henry C. Keller, Clerk; and C. B. 
 Pierce was appointed City Attorney April 9, 1863. 
 
 April 4, 1861, J. L. McDowell was elected Mayor; Thomas 
 Plowman Treasurer; Samuel J. Darrah, Clerk; J. Milton Orr, 
 Marshal; and Samuel S. Ludlum vv^as appointed City Attor- 
 ney A pril 12, 1861. 
 
 April 3, 1865, Thomas Carney was elected Mayor; John 
 Hosick, Treasurer; H. J. Dennis, Clerk; Charles H. Miller, 
 Marshal ; and E. Stillings was appointed City Attorney April 
 20, 1865. 
 
 April 2, 1866, Thomas Carney was re-elected Mayor; John 
 Hosick. Treasurer; P. H. Madden was elected Clerk; Joseph 
 Mackle, Marshal; and E. Stillings was re-appointed City 
 Attorney April 10, 1866, and resigned March 26, 1867. 
 Byron Sherry was appointed City Attorney March 26, 1867. 
 
16 The History of Leavenworth. 
 
 April 1. 1867, John A. Hildermiu was elected Mayor; 
 John Ho-sick, Treasurer; H. J. Dennis, Clerk; Joseph Mackle, 
 Marshal; and Willard (i. Gambell was appointed City Attor- 
 ney April 16, 1867. 
 
 Mr. Granibell resigned as City Attorney December 10, 1867, 
 and Byron Sherry was appointed City Attorney December 12, 
 1867. 
 
 April 7. 1868, Charles R. Morehead was elected Mayor; 
 Philip Kcehler, Treasurer; P. H. Madden. Clerk; H.' A. 
 Robertson, Marshal; H. Miles Moore, Attorney. 
 
 April 5, 1870, John A. Halderman was elected Mayor; 
 Henry Deckelmau, Treasurer; W. W. Creighton, Clerk; H. A. 
 Robertson. Marshal; H- Miles Moore, Attorney. 
 
 April 4, 1872. D. R. Anthony was elected Mayor; John 
 Kirch, Treasurer; W. W. Creighton. Clerk; D. A. Hook, 
 Marshal; Lucien Baker, Attorney. 
 
 April 7, 1874, J. L. Abernathy was elected Mayor, and on 
 May 22. 1874, A. McGahey was appointed Treasurer; F. P. 
 Fitzwilliam, Attorney: D. A. Hook. Marshal; W. B. Challa- 
 combe, Clerk. 
 
 F. P. Fitzwilliam resigned his,otiice as Attorney June 16, 
 1874, and on the same day H. Miles Moore was appointed 
 Citj' Attorney to fill vacancy. 
 
 April 6, 1875, Alex. McGahey was elected Treasurer; H. 
 Miles Moore, Attorney; D. A. Hook. Marshal. 
 
 April 6, 1876, Fred M. Spalding was appointed Clerk, and 
 the Mayor, under the law. held his office over until the April 
 election in 1877. 
 
 April 3, 1877, George Unmethun was elected Mayor; Fred 
 M. Spalding, Clerk; J. H. Gillpatrick. Attorney; Thomas 
 Moonlight. Marshal. 
 
 Alex. McGahey was appointed Treasurer April, 1877, and 
 served until July 7, 1877, when he resigned and Geo. D. Farr 
 was appointed Treasurer in his stead. 
 
 April 1. 187!>. VV. M. Fortescue was elected Mayor; Fred 
 M. S))il(ling. ricrk: Thomas Moonlight, Marshal; E. L. 
 Carney, Attorney. 
 
 April 28, 1879, George D. Farr resigned as Treasurer, and 
 on the same day John McKee was appointed Treasurer in his 
 stejid. 
 
Thk History of Leavenworth. 17 
 
 Fred. M. Spalding held the office of Clerk until August 
 18, 1879, when he was removed and H. J. Dennis was 
 appointed Clerk in his stead. 
 
 All the other general officers elected in 1879 are still serving. 
 
 H. J. Dennis was elected Clerk in April, 1880, 
 
 During the several terms of Messrs. Denman, Lattin, An- 
 thony and Carney nearly all the public improvements in the 
 city were made. During the period covered by the time these 
 gentlemen occupied the Mayor's office public buildings were 
 erected, streets were graded and paved, sidewalks were con- 
 structed, several railroads were completed to the town, and 
 Leavenworth was known as the busiest, most prosperous and 
 most rapidly growing city in tlie West. 
 
 CHAPTER III 
 
 RAPID GROWTH OF THE TOWIf. 
 
 The growth of Leavenworth was rapid beyond precedent. 
 It sprang into existence as if by magic, and at once assumed 
 a position of prominence and importance. It improved and 
 built up at a rate unparalleled even among the rapidl}' grow- 
 ing western towns of that time, and when the war of the 
 rebellion commenced — only about six years from the time the 
 town site of Leavenworth was '"claimed" and "staked off,", 
 it found the place a city, in fact as well as in name, witli) 
 streets and walks graded and paved, with fine churches, fine 
 school houses, elegant residence^i, with solid blocks of large 
 and substantial business houses, and with a levee crowded 
 with river steamers, and presenting a scene of life and ani- 
 mation, such as is to be witnessed now only at the docks of 
 important sea port towns. The civil war. which then began 
 to bring demoralization and hard times, or absolute ruin to 
 nearly all the "border" towns and cities of the country, had 
 the opposite effect upon Leavenworth, and stimulated the 
 place to new and more wonderful growth. The horrors of 
 war drove away people and business from the neighbor- 
 ing towns of Missouri, which were subjected to alternate raids 
 from roving bands of soldiers of both contending armies. 
 
18 The History of Leavenworth. 
 
 being pillaged one day by jayhawkers and sacked the next by 
 bushwhackers. The effect of this, of course, was to utterly 
 paralyze all kinds of business; not only was trade of all kinds 
 wholly suspended, but the people were left without any 
 measure of security for their property or their lives. All 
 those who could get away, gathered up their movable effects 
 and fled from the towns referred to, for the purpose of seek- 
 ing asylum elsewhere. Leavenworth, being situated imme- 
 diately adjoining the government reservation, and protected 
 by the guns of the fort, offered a measure of safety to the 
 citizen which could not be found elsewhere in this portion of 
 the West, and as a consequence many thousands of those who 
 had been driven from their homes, by the fortunes of war, in 
 other places, here found shelter and safety, and went to work 
 to make new homes. The thousands of troops who were 
 always at Fort Leavenworth in those days stimulated the retail 
 trade of the city to a wonderful extent, and this caused the 
 establishment and maintenance of as many shops and retail 
 places of all kinds as are usually supported by a city with 
 twice the population of Leavenworth at that time. The town 
 grew rapidly. Money was abundant, everybody was busy, 
 and everybody was prosperous. But, as we have shown, 
 much of this growth and prosperity was artificial ; it had no 
 solid foundation to rest upon, but sprang from the accidents 
 of war and the misfortunes of our neighbors, and the causes 
 of it disa))])eared with the coming of peace. 
 
 When the war ended, and peace was restored, the number 
 of troops at the Fort was reduced from many thousands to a 
 few hundreds. This immediately cut off nearly one half the 
 trade upon which the numerous retail shops had lived — for 
 the soldiers were liberal customers — and the restoration of 
 law and order gave security to the neighboring towns, which 
 immediately went to work to repaii- the wastes of war, and to 
 recover their lost business. Tlieir trade, which for four 3-ears 
 had been driven to Leavenworth by the force of circum- 
 stances, began to come back to them, and many of tbeir citi- 
 zens who had sought refuge with us began to return to their 
 homes. The effect of this condition of things, upon Leaven- 
 worth, can be readily understood, without any explanation. 
 The fortunes of war had caused her to flourish at the expense ^ 
 of her neighbors, and had forced upon her an artiflcial hot- ' 
 house growth, far beyond the natural demands of the coun- 
 
The History of Leaven {fobtb. 19 
 
 try, and when the causes which had led to this were removed 
 she began to have her first experience with "hard times." 
 She had hundreds of shops more than the natural demands of 
 the country could support, and when the extraordinary trade 
 upon which these had grown up was withdrawn, their keep- 
 ers were obliged to seek a livelihood in other channels of 
 employment, and large numbers of them drifted to other 
 towns. The city entered upon a period of depression, extend- ^ 
 ing over several years. It had been built to a large extent 
 upon an inflated and fictitious basis, far beyond the demands 
 of the country surrounding it; indeed, at that time, one-fifth 
 of the entire population of the State was within the corporate 
 limits of Leavenworth; the town had grown to be a great 
 city, in the midst of a State which was yet compara- 
 tively without business and without people, and when the 
 extraordinary conditions upon which it had thriven and 
 grown were removed, and it was obliged to depend upon the 
 natural and legitimate demands of the country tributary to 
 it, there was nothing to do but to stand still and wait. The 
 town had grown far beyond the demands of the country, and 
 it was now compelled to wait for the country to grow up to 
 it. This caused improvements to stoj), caused business to 
 languish, and soon gave the once growing, rushing city the. 
 reputation of a "dead town.'" 
 
 And this condition of things was aggravated by the fact 
 that the sole dependence of the place had hitherto been upon 
 commercial interests: buying and selling goods was the sole 
 business of the town. This was entirely satisfactory so long 
 as the war continued, and all the people in this part of the 
 country were forced to come to Leavenworth to buy, but 
 with the close of the war, and the resumption of business in 
 neighboring towns, the people of those vicinities went back to 
 their old markets. The railroad system of the West also at/ 
 that time began to be developed, and country dealers began to' 
 send their orders direct to St. Louis, Chicago, and New York. 
 Up to this time there were no railroads reaching Kansas from 
 the east. All our merchandise was brought by steamers up 
 the Missouri River, and the mammoth warehouses of the 
 wholesale dealers of Leavenworth were the depots of supplies 
 for uot only all of Kansas l)ut for Colorado and New Mexico. 
 The building of railroads to the Missouri Valley and into 
 Kansas, which occurred almost simultaneously with the close 
 
20 The History of Leavenworth. 
 
 of the war, served to revolutionize the commercial system of 
 the country; 'the steamboat's mission was accomplished. audit 
 was driven from the river 1)}' the railroad, ius the l)utfalo and 
 the Indian were driven from the land by the white man. 
 There was no longer a necessity for a grand depot of supplies 
 at the bank of the river, for the goods loaded into the car 
 at St. Louis or Chicago, could be ctirried on to Topeka or Em- 
 poria just {IS well as to Leavenworth, and by going through 
 direct would save the expense of handling. 
 
 This changed condition of affairs rendered it necessary for 
 Leavenworth to look to other avenues of business. Hitherto 
 she had lived solely upon her commerce, and many of her 
 merchants had amassed princely fortunes, but the changes in 
 the current of trade, wrought by the development and exten- 
 sion of the vast railroad systems of the West, cut off, to a 
 large extent, this source of wealth, and the rich tratle which 
 up to this time had all centered at this place, was now diffused 
 and scattered to dozens of different points, going mainly to 
 the great cities of the East. Manufactures, up to this time, 
 had received little or no attention. Everbody had been able 
 to make money so rapidly by simply handling and exchanging 
 goods, that nobody had any time or inclination for the slow 
 processes of production. There was little or nothing manu- 
 factured in the place, and while the region surrounding the 
 city was one of the finest wheat growing districts on the con- 
 tinent, and its grain was quoted at tlie highest figures in the 
 market, even the very hrevA ujjon which the people lived was 
 made of flour manufactured l)y the mills of Missouri and Ill- 
 inois. Then it was that the public attention began to 
 turn toward manufactures. Our jjeople began to realize the 
 fact that while we had expended millions to build up a great 
 city, we had not expended a dollar in preparing a foundation 
 for it to stand upon. We had called together more than 
 twenty thousand people ; we had built them good homes to 
 live in, fine churches to worship in, elegant school-houses in 
 which to educate their children ; we had given them theaters 
 and halls in which to seek amusement and instriiction ; we 
 had given them fine streets, lined with magnificent stores, and 
 lighted with gas ; we had provided in short, for giving them 
 f'verj'thiug but employment ; we had given them the most 
 l>eautiful, the most healthful and the most attnictive city in 
 the West to live in, but we had given them nothing on earth 
 
Tme History of Leavenworth. ^1 
 
 to live oh; we had provided everything but the one all-essen- 
 tial thing — employment. And when the trade which had been 
 driven from other towns by the war began to go back to them, 
 and the railroads began to carry their freight to the interior 
 of the State, we had our eyes painfully opened to the unwel- 
 come fact that we had builded without a foundation ; that we 
 were a city without business, and a people without employ- 
 ment. 
 
 CHAPTER IV. 
 
 DEVELOPMENT OF MANUFACTURES. 
 
 It was ver}^ plain to everybody that the people of Leaven- 
 worth must turn their attention to some new channels of busi- 
 ness. Hitherto they had lived by selling goods to their neigh- 
 bors, and by building houses for one another, but as we have 
 said in the foregoing chapter, the great changes that had 
 taken place in the commercial character of the country, sim- 
 ultaneousl}^ with the close of the war, had put a stop to the 
 selling of goods to a very large extent, and the work of build- 
 ing houses was already overdone. It was very plain that we 
 could not long keep thousands of mechanics employed in 
 building new houses, unless we could furnish occupants for 
 the houses when they were done, and this we could not hope 
 to do unless we were prepared to furnish some means of em- 
 ployment for the people. To do this it was clearly apparent 
 that we must turn our attention to manufacturing. Cities, 
 in this country, have only two great means of support — com- 
 merce and manufactures. The development of the great rail- 
 road systems of the West, together with our own experience, 
 had abundantly demonstrated the fact that commerce was 
 destined to be concentrated at a few great trade centres, and 
 that no inland town could reasonably hope to make a great 
 permanent growth upon a commercial basis, hence the atten- 
 tion of our people was turned toward manufacturing. As we 
 looked about us we saw a great and rapidly growing popula- 
 tion ; we saw a State soon destined to be an Empire within 
 itself ; extending from Nebraska to the Indian Territory, and 
 from the Missouri River to the base of the Rocky Mountains; 
 possessing within itself the " promise and potency" of sus- 
 
^2 The History of Leavenworth. 
 
 tenance, livelihood and competence for not only thousands but 
 millions of people; a State as great in area as all of New 
 England, and as gre.at in its producing capacity as a dozen 
 New England's; and we saw that up to this time no 
 single step had been taken toward the necessary work of 
 manufacturing the millions of dollars" worth of articles of 
 use and luxury which every year would be demanded to sup- 
 ply the wants of the hundreds of thousands of people who 
 were destined soon to settle up our vast and fertile plains, and 
 who even then were coming. Here. then, was a field of indus- 
 try that was not occupied — a field that contained a mine of 
 untold wealth ; a field that lay with its whole broad promise 
 before us, and we had only to "go up and possess the land." 
 
 The people of Leavenworth then turned their attention 
 seriously and earnestly toward the work of establishing man- 
 ufactories. They put their own money freel}^ i7ito such enter- 
 prises, and lost no opportunity' to encourage foreign capital 
 to invest among them. One after another, establishments 
 of various kinds were started, and the experience of all was 
 the same, and was to the effect that manufacturing was profit- 
 able. During the ten years following the close of the war, a 
 large number of manufacturing enterprises were engaged in, 
 all small at first but all meeting with success from the 
 start, and growing rapidlj'^ in magnitude and profitable- 
 ness. To such an extent did the manufacturing interests 
 of the city develop during this period that it soon became 
 evident that some means must be provided for furnishing a 
 j readier supply of fuel, and the work of sinking a shaft for 
 coal, (commenced some years before and abandoned for want 
 of capital,) was resumed, and pushed forward to completion. 
 Competent geologists had declared, upon evidence that seemed 
 to be satisfactory, that this portion of Kansas was underlaid 
 with valuable dej)osits of coal, and that we only had to dig 
 down to these to secure an abundant and unfailing supply of 
 cheap fuel for all the manufactories we might start. The 
 work had been commenced, as stated above, some years before, 
 but had been abandoned before the coal beds were reached, 
 for want of funds. In 1808. the rapidly increasing demand 
 for fuel for manufacturing purposes making it apparent that 
 a coal mine here would be profitable, the company was re-or- 
 ganized, and the work pushed rapidly forward to completion. 
 Coal was found after about a year's work, and it proved to 
 
The History of Leaven wortb. 23 
 
 be of excellent quality and in abundance. This gave a fresh 
 impetus to the already rapidly growing manufacturing indus- 
 tries of the place, and not only encouraged those already 
 engaged in such enterprises to enlarge and extend their facil- 
 ities, but capitalists from abroad, seeking for investment 
 in such lines, were convinced 'that this was a desirable point. 
 The location of the town, as the entrepot of the great State 
 lying behind it; its ready communication with all parts of the 
 world by railroad, together with the advantage of a naviga- 
 ble river for the transportation of heavy freights, were all 
 strong arguments, and needed only to be supplemented by 
 the one now supplied — an abundance of cheap fuel. This 
 furnished the one thing lacking to insure the permanent 
 success of the place as a manufacturing center, and that being 
 supplied, there was no longer a doubt in the minds of any 
 of her people, as to Leavenworth's future destiny, as the 
 manufacturing center of the Missouri Valley. Then it was 
 that the town began to lay a new and sure foundation of 
 growth and prosperity, and to build upon a basis that was 
 durable and reliable — one that could not be seriously effected 
 by the changing policies of railroads, or the shifting currents 
 of population. The people saw that here was a foundation 
 upon which thej^ could build without fear of being under- 
 mined, and thej^ went to work with a will. 
 
 From the feeble beginning, made only a little more than 
 a decade ago, the manufacturing industries of Leavenworth 
 have increased and developed, grown and multiplied till the 
 city is now ever3''where recognized as the manufacturing center 
 of the Great West, and occupies the same relation to the 
 States west of the Mississippi that Pittsburg occupies to the 
 Middle States. Centrallj^ located, in the midst of one of the 
 richest and grandest agricultural districts in the world, with 
 ready communication with all parts of the country by rail 
 and by river, with an abundance of fuel, good and cheap, at 
 our doors, with produce of every kind so abundant and cheap 
 that the laborer can save money upon the same wages that 
 would barely permit his Eastern competitor to live — all these 
 advantages combine to give Leavenworth facilities in the 
 manufacturing line which are rarely equalled, and which are 
 not surpassed by any point, east or west. And a fair presen- 
 tation of these facts cannot fail to convince any sensible man 
 who is looking for an opportunity to invest his capital in manu- 
 
24 The History of Leavenworth. 
 
 facturing. that Leavenworth gives him the promise of a better 
 return than any other point in the West. The establish- 
 ments already in operation here have, by the cheapness and 
 superiority of their products, built up a rei)utation for the 
 city as a manufacturing center, and this reputation is worth 
 just as much to the new establishment that may be started 
 to-day as to those that were the pioneers in the work; for 
 when a town becomes celebrated for its manufactures the arti- 
 cles it produces are sold by the name of the town, and not by 
 the name of the individual, or firm producing them. Pitts- 
 burg has a reputation for glass; Wheeling for nails; Louis- 
 ville for tobacco; Milwaukee for beer, and scores of other 
 towns we might name which, though manufacturing great 
 varieties of goods, have gained special prominence in the 
 production of certain lines, and the general public inquires 
 no further than to ascertain the fact that the article was 
 manufactured at that town. If you want to buy a box 
 of glass, or a keg of Uiiils, the brand of Pittsburg, or Wheel- 
 ing satisfies you that the article is good: you do not stop to 
 inquire the name of the particular firm, and even if you 
 should be told, there is not one chance in a hundred that you 
 would know whether the house was established last week or 
 was one of the pioneers that made the reputation of the town. 
 Hence it will be seen that Leavenworth is not only the 
 manufacturing center of the new West but that it offers 
 better advantages to those seeking for locations in this line of 
 business than any other point west of the Mississippi, because 
 its facilities for manufacturing are superior to those of any 
 rival town, and because it has already built up a reputation 
 for the superiority of its manufactures which causes its goods 
 to find a read}' sale in all the markets of the countrj'. 
 
 CHAPTER V 
 
 FINANCIAL. 
 
 As a mone}' centre and the grand central base of supplies 
 for the vast West and Southwest, the financial importance of 
 Leavenworth during the war, and for nnmy years thereafter, 
 excelled that of most cities of five times its population. 
 When the civil war closed, therefore, and on to the period of 
 the panic of 1873, there were eight institutions doing a bank- 
 
The History of Leavenworth. 2') 
 
 ing business in Leavenworth, each representing some capital, 
 that aggregated about $800,000. and carrying a daily deposit 
 account of $1,500,000. 
 
 But, as a spirit of depression and gloom, gradually widen- 
 ing, permeated the entire country, and a season of drouth 
 and failure of crops in Kansas was shortly followed by the 
 terrible grasshopper scourge on her prairies; some of these 
 institutions sank to infantile weakness and ultimately closed. 
 
 When, however, in the year 1873, the various premonitory 
 rumblings and warnings were supplemented by the disastrous 
 financial panic, the feebler of the remaining banking houses 
 of Leavenworth succumbed to the inevitable, and failed, 
 while others, seeing nothing but disaster in a prolonged con- 
 tinuance, wound up their affairs and retired. 
 
 For years after the panic, owing to the great shrinkage of 
 values and the unsettled state of the national finances, there 
 was not a plethora of money in any of the banks of the 
 country, but, happily, that time is past. 
 
 The three surviving banks indicated, the First National 
 Bank, the German Bank and the banking house of Insley, 
 Shire & Co., are now doing a better business than at any other 
 time for years. The steady growth of the business interests 
 of Kansas, the accumulation of live stock, and the building 
 of railroads and towns contributed to create a constant 
 increase of floating capital, and the resumption of specie pay- 
 ment has restored unlimited confidence to the holders of 
 money. The three banks named, while having a nominal 
 capital of $350,000, possess the ability to increase at pleasure. 
 Their daily deposits average $1,600,000. Additional to this it 
 is worthy of mention that over $750,000 have been withdrawn 
 from circulation bj^ depositors and converted into United 
 States Grovernment bonds. 
 
 The City of Leavenworth is taxed on property valued by 
 the Assessors, at $3,300,000. The rate of taxation for last 
 year for all City purposes Avas 2.05 per cent., and the total rate 
 for the State, County, School and '^'ity purposes was 3.55 
 per cent, on the assessed value. 
 
 The actual value of the property of the City of Leaven- 
 worth is near seven millions of dollars, and the rate of taisk- 
 
26 The History of Leaveijworth. 
 
 tion oil the real value of all property for every purpose would 
 be 1.77 per cent. The total amount of tax for all purposes 
 at last assessment in the City wtis $95,964. 
 
 Taxes in Kansas are levied by the State Legislature for 
 State purposes, by the Boards of County Commissioners for 
 County purposes, and by the Boards of Education for School 
 purposes, and by the City Council for City purposes. All 
 these are duly returned to the County Clerk, by him fig- 
 ured, added and placed on the general tax roll. On the first 
 day of November of each year, when taxes become due by 
 law, the County Clerk turns the tax rolls over to the County 
 Trejxsurer for collection. 
 
 Half of the tax is payable by December 20, the other half 
 not payable until the 20th of June of the next year: but if a 
 tax-payer chooses to pay all his taxes prior to December 21st. 
 he receives a rebate of five per cent, on one-half. On December 
 21st, a penalty of five per cent, is added ^to the first half of 
 the taxes if not paid, and, if still remaining delinquent, an 
 additional penalty of five per cent, is added, respectively on 
 the 21st days of March and June following, making a total 
 penalt}' of fifteen per cent. All property on which taxes are 
 unpaid until the second Tuesday of September is sold bj* the 
 County Treasurer, and thereafter bears twenty-five per cent, 
 interest. In three years from date of sale a purchaser of prop- 
 erty at a tax sale is entitled to a deed of the property. 
 
 Owing to the very judicious management of the Mayor 
 and Council in bonding the City's scrip, and compromising 
 the city's indebtedness at forty cents on the dollar, by issuing 
 new thirty year bonds bearing five per cent, interest. Leaven- 
 worth's taxes hereafter will be lighter each year. A rigid 
 economy, and a determination to pay ca.sh for everything, has 
 replaced the old-time profligacy of extravagance with a busi- 
 ness like and thrifty management, restored general confidence 
 and educated the tax-payers to the knowledge that a city's 
 affairs can be run with the same system that characterizes the 
 transactions of private business. 
 
 PUBLIC DEBT. 
 
 The following is a statement of the public debt of the 
 City, as shown by the annual exhibit made by the City Clerk 
 up to the 31st of March. 1879, and which represents the in- 
 
The History of Leavenworth. ^ 
 
 debtedness at the present time, with the exceptions noted 
 hereafter. 
 
 Bonds bearing 7 per cent, interest, $ r),370 
 
 Bonds bearing 7 per cent, interest, being Missouri River Rail- 
 read Bonds, 209,500 
 
 Bonds bearing 10 per cent, interest, 1,700 
 
 Bonds bearing 10 per cent, interest, being Mount Muncie Ceme- 
 
 teiy Bonds, 10,000 
 
 Missouri River Railroad Compromise Bonds, 7 per cent 600 
 
 Missouri River Railroad Compromise Bonds, 6 per cent 24,900 
 
 Installment and Interest Bonds, series " A," 7 per cent 37,395 
 
 Installment and Interest Bonds, series " B," 10 per cent 139,840 
 
 Old Scrip outstanding, issued prior to April 1st, 1878, 213 
 
 New scrip issued, which has either not been called for or the 
 ownership being in dispute is now in the hands of the City 
 
 Clerk, 2,462 
 
 Certificates of indebtedness for bonds and scrip over amount 
 
 bonded, 974 
 
 Certificates on sinking fund for balance of Missouri Railroad 
 
 Bonds compromised. 426 
 
 Total, $483,291 
 
 Under the provisions of Chapters 50 and 55, Laws of Kan- 
 sas, 1879, authorizing and empowering cities to refund and 
 compromise their indebtedness, active efforts have been made 
 by the Mayor and Council during the past year to refund the 
 outstanding indebtedness at 40 per cent, of the face thereof* 
 by the issue of new bonds bearing 5 per cent, interest, paya- 
 ble semi-annually. 
 
 During the past year $89,000, in round numbers, of the 
 above-mentioned indebtedness, has been compromised at 40 
 per cent, of the face, resulting in a reduction of the public 
 debt of the City to the amount of $58,000. in round figures. 
 All current expenses are now paid from current receipts, not a 
 dollar's worth of work of any kind is done till the money is 
 on hand to pay for it, and no orders are drawn upon the 
 Treasury till the funds are there with which to redeem them. 
 This policy of doing the public business upon a cash basis, 
 and paying as we go, enables the city to reduce its current 
 expenses very considerably, and this, of course, results in a 
 corresponding reduction of taxation. As no new obligations 
 have been incurred during the past fiscal year, the public debt 
 
2ii The History of Leavenworth. 
 
 has been reduced by the gross amount of the sum saved 
 through the compromise ot bonds, and is, therefore, at the 
 present time, as follows : 
 
 Total public indebtedness, of all kinds, as above, $433,291 00 
 
 Total reduction by compromise, during 1879, 58.000 00 
 
 Total present indebtedness, $375,291 00 
 
 The work of compromising the bonds is still going on in 
 a very encouraging manner. The present city officers recog- 
 nize the importance of having the debt brought down to the 
 minimum at the very earliest day, and are therefore devot- 
 ing themselves earnestly to the task of settling with our 
 creditors. It is estimated that after making liberal allow- 
 ance for all the expenses of compromising the present indebt- 
 edness will be reduced by not less than ^150,000, and this 
 would leave the total public debt at $225,000. This, though 
 a considerable sum, would not be regarded as an onerous 
 burden, and the City, with its present population, wealth and 
 resources, could carry and provide for such an amount of 
 public indebtedness, without crippling its energies or over- 
 taxing its people. 
 
 CHAPTER VI 
 
 RELIGIOUS. 
 
 All the numerous religious denominations are represented 
 in Leavenworth, all have organized societies and nearly all 
 have commodious houses of worship, some of which are 
 elegant and costly. The largest and most expensive building 
 is owned by the Catholics — the Cathedral of the Immaculate 
 Conception — built at a cost of $200,000, and with seats for 
 2.000 persons. Next in order of value is the First Baptist 
 Church, costing $60,000, and with seats for 800. Then we have 
 the German Catholic Church, costing $45,000, with accom- 
 modations for 800; the Westminster Presbyterian Church, 
 costing $35,000, and accommodating 700; the First Presby- 
 terian Church, costing $25,000, with seats for 600 persons; the 
 First Methodist Church, built at a cost of $24,000, with 
 accommodations for 600; St. PauFs Episcopal Church, costing 
 
The History of Leavenworth. 29 
 
 $24,000, with seating accommodatioiis for 600; First Congre- 
 gational Church, costing $20,000, and accommodating 500; 
 First African M. E. Church, costing $16,000, and with seats 
 for 1,000; First Christian Church, built at a cost of $15,000, and 
 with seats for 400; and in addition to these there are seven- 
 teen other smaller edifices, namely: Jewish Synagogue, United 
 Presbyterian, Free Methodist, Colored Methodist, German 
 Lutheran, German Evangelical, St. John's Episcopal Chapel, 
 Mission Congregational, Quaker, Colored Catholic, and four 
 Colored Baptist. These range in value from $700 to $9,000, 
 and with seating capacities varying from 150 to 500. The 
 total average attendance at all the churches in the City is 
 5,900; total membership, 5,370; .total seating capacity, about 
 10,900, and the total cost of all church buildings, $675,000, 
 and the total church indebtednes is only $8,510. Of this sum 
 the Protestants owe $3,610, and the Catholics $4,900. The 
 Protestant portion of the indebtedness is exclusively among 
 the Colored societies. 
 
 CHAPTER VII, 
 
 EDUCATIONAL. 
 
 No city in any of the Western States has better school 
 facilities than Leavenworth. Her educational institutions 
 are the pride of her people. Many young persons from 
 abroad come here to be educated, because of the superiority 
 of our schools, public and private. The Leavenworth public 
 schools are graded upon the same system which obtains in 
 Cleveland. St. Louis, Cincinnati, and other Eastern cities. 
 Great attention is given to primary work, much stress being 
 laid upon writing, reading, and arithmetic. Script writing- 
 is commenced immediately upon the entrance of the child 
 into school — usually about the age of six. Pen and ink work 
 begins at the age of seven, or after the child has completed 
 his first year's work in school. In reading great prominence 
 is given to correct expression, accurate enunciation and articu- 
 lation. Sight-reading is cultivated by the use of supple- 
 mentary books, magazines, other reading, etc. It is believed 
 that there are few schools able to show more satisfactory 
 
30 
 
 The His toby of Leavenworth. 
 
 primary work; the usual division into Primary, Grammar, 
 arid High-School obtains. The 3,000 pupils enrolled are 
 distributed as follows: High-School, 160; Grammar Schools, 
 600; Primary Schools, 2,240. The High-School course is 
 four years, and pupils find little ditficulty in entering Har- 
 vard with no other preparation than is obtained within iis 
 class-rooms. The government in the school-room is mild 
 but firm, preventive rather than coercive. The control of 
 the schools is vested in a Board of Education, consisting of 
 twelve meml)ers, three members from each ward. Members 
 hold their office for three years, one-third retiring each year. 
 The schools are purely secular, no religious instruction what- 
 ever being given. Bible, without note or comment, was 
 read until 1874, at which time it was omitted. 
 
 The private schools consist of the usual parochial schools 
 of the Catholic Church, having an attendance of about 380: 
 a convent (St. Mary's Academy), under the auspices of the 
 same church; a select German school, having some 100 pupils 
 in attendance; and numerous smaller schools, partaking more 
 or less of the Kindergarten character. 
 
 There are six public school buildings, all of brick, erected 
 at a total cost of $150,000, and having accommodations for 
 ■4,000 pupils. There are nine private school buildings, four of 
 brick, four frame and one stone, built at a total cost of $125,- 
 000. St. Mary's Academy is the most important of the 
 private school buildings, and is a fine brick structure, erected 
 at an expense of 890,000. All the others are small and unim- 
 portant. 
 
 MORRIS PUBLIC SCHOOI, IJUII.DING. 
 
The History of Leavenworth. 31 
 
 BANKS AND BANKING IN LEAVENWORTH. 
 
 There are three banking houses in Leavenworth wliich in point of 
 age and reputation, rank among the largest and best institutions of the 
 kind in the Western States. The paid up capital of these banks aggre- 
 gates $350,000; surplus, $180,000, with an average deposit account of 
 11,675,000. 
 
 THE FIRST NATIONAL BANK. 
 
 The oldest National Bank in Kansas, has a paid up capital of |100,000. 
 and was chartered in 1864. Its surplus is $80,000, and its average 
 deposits $1,100,000. In no instance has the check of a depositor left its 
 counter unpaid since the day it opened its doors to the public. It has 
 studiously avoided the quicksands of speculative enterpi'ises that have 
 swallowed up so many banking houses during the past sixteen years, and 
 to-day it enjoys the confidence of the public as the safest and best man- 
 aged bank in the State. Its management consists of Lucien Scott, Presi- 
 dent; Lyman Scott, Vice President; Cashier, J. M. Graybill, and Assist- 
 ant Cashier, George Van Derwerker. all gentlemen of experience and 
 high standing in financial circles. We should have mentioned before 
 that it is one of the Government depositories. The First National own.? 
 their bank building, a fine stone front structure, on the northeast corner of 
 Fourth and Delaware streets. On the opposite corner of the above 
 named streets is located the 
 
 GERMAN BANK, 
 
 Which was organized in 1875, and has a paid up capital of $100,000 and 
 an average deposit account of $275,000. This too, by an upright busi- 
 ness career during the five years it has been in operation, has fairly earned 
 the confidence of the public, and deservedly enjoys the reputation of 
 being judiciously managed, relialile and safe. There the funds of deposi- 
 tors are never put m jeopardy by outside speculations. In 1878 the old 
 and weU-known banking house of Clark & Co., consolidated with the 
 German Bank; Mr. M. E. Clark being at the present time President, 
 John F. Richards, Vice President, George H. Hyde, Cashier, and Charles 
 Peaper, Assistant Cashier. These gentlemen are all old and reliable 
 citizens of Leavenworth, who have for many years past made the com- 
 mercial advancement of the City only secondary to their own interests. 
 
 THE BANKING HOUSE OF INSLEY, SHIRE & CO., 
 
 Established in 1872, is the second oldest bank in Leavenworth, and in 
 
 Eoint of capital the first. The firm is composed of M. H. Insley and 
 •aniel Shire, with Wm. H. Carson as Cashier. Messrs. Insley and Shire 
 were among the very first settlers of this city, having lived hei-e for the 
 last twenty-three years, and there are few, if any, that are more largely 
 interested, or that are more prominently identified with the growth and 
 prosperity of the City and State than these gentlemen. The large hotel 
 to be built this season, on the corner of Fifth and Shawnee streets, is an 
 enterprise of Mr. M. H. Insley. This bank has a i^rt/r/ up capital of 
 $150,000; surplus, $20,000, and an average deposit account of $250,000. 
 It stands high in financial circles both at home and abroad, and its 
 patronage like all other business interests in the City is largely increas- 
 ing. It buys and sells exchange and makes collection's on all parts of this 
 country and Europe. Thus, it will be seen that Leavenworth has solid 
 banking houses that have never struck their colors to hard times or panics. 
 
S2 The History of LtJAVE'N^'OHTH. 
 
 THE BENCH AND BAR OF LEAVENWORTH. 
 
 This work would lie incomplete, and the authors would be lialjle to 
 the charjjre of stupidity, shoidd they oinit mentioninj^ the Bench and Bar, 
 and while the space at our command will not admit of a personal notice 
 of each member, it is proper to state, that omissions made are not because 
 those not mentioned may not be entirely worthy, for, without any desire 
 to flatter, we will say that the Bar of Ix'avenwortli — for ability, characttfr, 
 and yenend reputation — ranks second to that of no other in the State. 
 
 The Bench. 
 
 The United States Circuit (,'ourt is presided over by Ex-Secretary of 
 War. Georffe W. McCraiy. of Iowa, successor to .Tudge Dillon, resigned. 
 
 'I'he Bench in the United States District Court, for the District of 
 Kansas, is occujaed Ijy the Hon. C. (i. Foster, of Topeka, who was appointed 
 by Gen. Grant, during his last term. 
 
 .Tndy-e AlVx'rt H. Horton. of Topi'ka. occupies the Bench of the Supreme 
 Court of the State, with .Tudy-e Valentine, of Topeka. and .Tndpre D. .1. 
 Brewer, of this City, as Associate .Justices. 
 
 The District Court of Leavenworth County, is presided over by .Judge 
 Robert (!n")zier. the Probati> Court of Leavenworth County, by Oliver 
 Diefenilorf. and the Police Couri of Leavenworth City, by J. C. Vaughan. 
 
 The Bar. 
 
 WM. m'neill clough, 
 
 a prominent menilicr of the bar of this citj', of which he has l)een a citizen 
 since l<Xf>2, has followed his profession since lS-")4. ' He is a graduate of the 
 Cambridge (Massachuspts) Law School. He is a cautious, stucUous gentle- 
 man, and his opinions command sreneral respect among his associates. He 
 has a large jiractice, lioth in the State and National Courts: also, an exten- 
 sive commercial practice. He has one of the largest law libraries in the 
 City or State. In short, he is a thorough -read lawA'er. and is held in high 
 esteem both as a citizen and in liis ivrofession. 
 
 In speaking of Leavenworth and its present and future prospects, he 
 Sriid: '■ Leavenworth is on the mmid, and 1. for one. do not now recollect 
 of a man who has attended strictly to his business, that has not jn-ospered 
 here in Leavenworth. The maiuifacturing interests are now. and will 
 continue to be an element of importance in building up the city, and as 
 the advantages we j)ossess in that i (articular liecome more generally knowi\, 
 that nidustry must necessarily expand." 
 
 ( . V. W. D.VSSI.EK, 
 
 a young lawyer oi aV)dity. came to this city from St. Louis, in IHfi:.}. 
 although he has l)een a resident of Kansas since iSfiS. In the manage- 
 men of cases entrusted to him he has exhibited a breadth of legal ability 
 that has commanded the respect and esteem of the older members of the 
 bar of the City and State. In ]X(i4, Mr. Dassler compiled the first Dige.st 
 of Kansas Reports; in 1870. Dassler's Kansas Statutes: in liSTit. Laws of 
 Kansas — authorized by an act of the Legislature: in 1880. a new Digest 
 of Kansas Reports. 
 
 II. MII.RS MOOUK. 
 
 was bom September 2. 1S2<). in Brock])ort, N. Y. He obtained his educa- 
 tion under a good many difticulties — losing his parents at an early age. 
 He read and was admitted to practice in Rochester, N. Y., in the same 
 class with Clarence A. Seward, Augustus Van Bnren, and others. 
 Commencing practice in 1848, in Louisiana, he remained there until 1850, 
 when he removed to Platte County, Missouri, where he continued practice, 
 
The History of Leavenworth. 33 
 
 and was coDiiected with tiie WesUrii Reporter. He removed to Kansas 
 m 1854, and was one of the orioinal proprietors of Leavenworth, and 
 Secretary of the Town's Company. He was three terms in the legislature, 
 served several years as City Attorney for Ijeavenworth, and now holds 
 the position of Secretary of State Democratic Committee, of which party 
 he is an active member. Although formerly a slave owner, he served 
 three years in the Union army, and has idways ])eeii a friend to the 
 Free State cause. Mr. Moore is a forcible speaker, a man of g-ood address, 
 and always "ready for the fray in the cause of ri^'ht." He became a 
 master mason in 1852, and was one of the incorporators of Lodge No. 2. 
 A. F. and A. M., of which he is still a member. He still controls a la.ge 
 general law practice, and is esteemed by all good citizens, and by the 
 Episcopal (.'hurch. of which he is aji active member. 
 
 X. H. WOOD, 
 
 was born in New York, and educated at Union College, in Schenectady, 
 N. Y., mainly under the tutelage of the late venerable Dr. Elei)halett 
 Nott. Studied his profession and was admitted to the bar in Wisconsin, in 
 1S58. Cume to Leavenworth in March. 1859, and entered actively into the 
 practice. Mr. W. held the office of Justice of the Peace under the 
 Ten-itorial government, and soon after the admission of KansaB as a State, 
 he was elected to the otlice of City Attorney, wliich he tilled with credit 
 for one term, and afterwards served as dt^puty. He was Judge of the 
 Police Court of this cit\-, in 1874-75. He compiled a complete abstract of 
 the Land Records ot Leavenworth (Jity and County, and for years gave 
 much of his iittention to the Real Estate business, but recently, he has 
 been more devoted to the practice of his profession. He is now, and for 
 upwards of three years last past has been, the Deputy County Attorney, 
 and all things pertaining to that office will be cheerfully attended to by 
 him. 
 
 OMVEU DIKFKMUOltK. 
 
 now Judge of Probate, is a native of New York State. He came to 
 Sprino-field, Ills., in 1840. and was assistant engineer duiing the building 
 of the then kno-wii "Springfield &. Meredosia Railroad." Aftei-wards 
 reading law with Messrs. Stewart i*i: Edwards, he was admitted to the 
 bar in 1845. At the breaking out of the Mexican War, he was commis- 
 sioned Second Lieutenant of the 4th Regiment of Illinois Volunteers. He 
 sen'ed through the war, during which time he was transfeiTcd to the 16tli 
 Regiment of U. S. Infantry. At the mustering out of his regiment, he 
 was tendered, and accex)ted. a clerkshiji in the Land Department at 
 Washington. In 1850, he tunued his face westward agahi. and arrived - 
 in Platte County. Missoun. in August, of the same year. He was one of 
 thirty-two original prospectors of the ("ity of Leavenworth, and became a- 
 resident of Kansas in 1856. He has held the office of County Clerk for 
 fen years, and was elected to the office of Judge of Probate in 1878. Mr. 
 Diefendorf has had a large and varied experience, and is. and always has 
 l>een fully identified with t!ie best interests of the city. 
 
 THOMAS P. KEMX)N. 
 
 another prominent member of the Bar. came to this city from Pennsyl- 
 vania, in 1857. He has the reputation of being one of the best and most 
 successful criminal la^A^-ers in the West. He has filled the position of 
 County and District x\ttorney: was a membe'- of the State Legislature 
 fliree times, and Speaker — the only Democratic Speaker ever elected — 
 one term. He was nominated for T'ongress in 1876. 
 
 T. \. IIUKD, 
 
 Atioi-ney for the Missouri Valley Life Insurance Company, and Local 
 Attorney for the Union Pacific and Missouri Pacifii- Railroads, has followed 
 his profession here since 1857. He was formerly from Ithica, New York, 
 where he was admitted to the Bar. He is a careful, sound lawyer, and is 
 esteemed bv the Bar of both City and State. 
 
34 Thk His Ton y of Leaven wonrn. 
 
 MANN & MANN, 
 
 307 Delaware street. The above-named law firm is comjwsed ' of the 
 Mann Brothers, the oldest of whom came to Leavenworth from Delaware 
 County, Ohio, in 1868, ofradnatinf^' from the Western University of that 
 State. He was admitted to i)ra(tiee in Kansas m 1869. He held the 
 office of Probate Judjce from 1876 to 187i). Mr. Nathan .1. Mann, the 
 j'ounger of the firm, came from Columbus, Ohio, in 1877. He is a gradu- 
 ate of Auterbein Literary- University, and also of the Law School of the 
 University of Michigan — class, 1877. 
 
 They command a larg'e general commercial practice in all the courts, 
 andhave conducted a large number of important criminal cases. 
 
 L. HAVVN, 
 
 another esteemed member of the Leavenwortli Bar. first came to this city 
 in 1860. He received his legal education at Cornell University, ti-om which 
 he graduated in 187."). He went to Salt Lake City in 1876, where he was 
 admitted to practice m the United States Court. In 1878, he returned to 
 this city and o^jened an office on Delaware street, and by close attention 
 to and careful management of the business entrusted to him. he has 
 earned a good reputation, and secured a lucrative practice in all of the 
 courts — State and National. 
 
 WlJvl.IAM DIIJ,. 
 
 who studied law and was admitted to practice in Ohio, came to this city 
 in 1869. During 1871-'J he was Deputy County Attorney, the duties of 
 which position he discharged in a most credible manner. He is a 
 studious, unassuming gentleman, who, by industiy and careful manage- 
 ment of the business placed in his hands, has acquired a good reputation 
 both as a lawyer and citizen, and earned a fair practice in all the Courts 
 — State and National. 
 
 HENKY WOLLMAN, 
 
 who made his first appearance at the Bar of this City about two yeai-s 
 since, received his legal education at the Law LTniversity of Micliigan. 
 where he was admitted to practice some six months before he had reached 
 his twentieth year. After his aelmission to the Bar, he came directly to 
 this city, and was immediately appointed Deputy City Attorney, a position 
 which he filled in a manner that commanded the respect and commenda- 
 tions of the older memljcrs of the Bar. He is a young gentleman of 
 iiljility, and although one of the youngest members in the profession, as 
 an advocate and counsellor, he has shown himself to possess that metal 
 of which our best lawyers are made. 
 
 O. X. MNAKY. 
 
 a Justice of the Peace and Notary Public, is one of the oldest citizens of 
 this city, and is held in high esteem as a gentleman of business worth 
 and integrity. He is at the present time, and has been for the last 
 fourteen years, agent for some of the most solid and reliabli' insurance 
 companies at the East. 
 
 OROVKK & IIACKIiK. 
 
 Mr. Grover, the senior member of the firm, ciune herefrom Kentucky, 
 among the very earliest settlers of Kansas. Although born in Kentucky, 
 he is of the old New England blood — his parents rcmovnig from there 
 at an early date. He wa-s State's Attorney during the Viorder days, and 
 some of the important ciuses tor treason were tried at Lecomi)ton — then 
 the Capitol of tiie Territor^^ dunngthat time imd were conducted by him. 
 Mr. Hacker, the junior member of tiie firm, also came from Kentuckj'. 
 read law and was admitted to practice here. They control a lair general 
 practice. 
 
The History of Leavenworth. 35 
 
 THE KANSAS WAGON MANUFACTURING COMPANY. 
 
 A VESIT TO THKIK FACTORY BY THK AUTHOK. 
 
 So much has been said and wiitten relating to this company and the 
 system upon which they manufacture their famous wagqns, and the 
 important relation the industry sustains towards the City and State, that 
 one cannot expect to say anything new or interesting, at least to Western 
 people, with whom the Kansas wagon is as familiar as household words. 
 To the people of the East and of Europe, however, into whose hands 
 this work may fall, we may say something that will prove valuable. The 
 Kansas wagon is a product to which the people of the State may well 
 feel proud. In its manufacture an immense capital is employed, and the 
 scope of its usefulness is broader than that of any other industry in the 
 State. In every State west of the Mississippi these wagons are used, and 
 their superior qualities appreciated. Their light running farm wagon is 
 no more highly prized by the farmer than are their Kooky Mountain 
 freight wagons by the teaming interests of the Pacific States, or their 
 Leadville quartz wagons — double tired, eight tons capacity — are to the 
 freighters of Colorado, Arizona and New Mexico. Or, in other words, 
 the Kansas wagon is as widespread in its usefulness throughout the West 
 as are the railways, and only secondary to them in its relations to the 
 agricultural industries. While they make a specialty of the light running 
 farm wagon they have an extensive patronage from the Government in 
 the way of army wagons. Doughty spring wagons and ambulances. 
 They have just completed an order for two hundred Government wagons. 
 1 hey also manufacture the famous Rocky Mountain freight wagon, the 
 Leadville quartz wagon, and a line of ponderous timber wagons, employed 
 in the construction of the Atchison, Topeka & Santa Fe road. They 
 also manufacture a full line of spring wagons to order. 
 
 The company commenced business about six years ago, and now they 
 are manufacturing 7,000 wagons per annum, and employ a capital of half 
 a, million of dollars. In their wood material they carry a supply sufHcient 
 for four years. So that no material of that kind goes into the hands of 
 the workmen until it has been thoroughlj^ seasoned from three to five 
 years. The reader can form something like an adequate idea of this 
 mammoth establishment when we state that they turn out thii'ty wagons 
 per day, or one wagon every twenty-five minutes. They get their sup- 
 ply of hubs from Wisconsin, felly and spokes from Indiana, Ohio and 
 other points, and tongues, hounds and lumber for boxes from Ohio, 
 Indiana and Michigan. This lumber is all carefully inspected before being 
 subjected to the seasoning process, and is again inspected before entering 
 the workshop. In another part of this work will be found an engraving 
 of their foctory, which is situated about five miles south of the City, on 
 the line of the Missouri Pacific railway. The building to the right, as 
 shown in the engraving, a solid three-stoiy brick structure, 50x600 teet, 
 is employed in the making of wood works and painting, while the build- 
 ing to the left, a one-story brick, 50x300 feet, is where the wagons are 
 ironed. The commodious dry-houses and sheds for the storage of manu- 
 factured wagons and stocks are not shown in the engraving, although 
 at the time the wnter visited the establishment in April last, they formed 
 a very interesting feature in the works. The machinery employed is of 
 the most perfect description, some considerable portion having been 
 invented by J. P. Gamble, Esq., superintendent of the establishment. 
 This machinery in the hands of skilled workmen, who are under the 
 immediate eye of an experienced foreman, performs the work without a 
 single mistake. Then again, every part of the work is thoroughly 
 inspected before going to the painting department. So that every wagon 
 that goes from their works is as perfect as the best of material and human 
 skill can make it. And it is owing to this system of care and watchful- 
 ness that the Kansas wagon is indebted for its wide-spread popularity, 
 
:ir> 
 
 The HisToHY of Leavkkwouth. 
 
 The company (■mploy 2;>! men: 9:' in their hhRksmithin<; 
 86 in the gearing; 'I'l in the body shops; •!■', in the jiauiting 
 and 29 in the yards. 
 
 clepai1ni(-nt ; 
 departments 
 
 3 "", 5 -^ ^ J 
 
 I |.= :E ? c l!|!|i;ii-i^'M|il(|||«lil 
 
 ^- ^ 
 
 ^ 
 
 ^— 
 
 - 
 
 " 
 
 "^ T". 
 
 7i 
 
 ;:; 
 
 s: 
 
 » 
 
 ^.:i 
 
 
 
 
 
 ^ 
 
 i 
 
 ' 
 
 — 
 
 — -^ 
 
 
 - 
 
 — 
 
 tr 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 "i x: 
 
 -^' 
 
 r=: 
 
 ;,' 
 
 zF 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 . »:■ 
 
 "c 
 
 ~ 
 
 a 
 
 _!. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 it = 
 
 ~ 
 
 > 
 
 o 
 
 
 -_ JC ^ «-; ' 
 
 J \% ^-^ -- '''' 
 
 ,"=, "pi "*^ 'T* ;^ '/:' 
 
 
 about the only favors that have ever hcen secured to the 
 frovernment. It was also through his immediate etfoi-t. 
 ■ noney, that the Missouri River railway was Imilt from 
 Kansas City, and suV)seriue)itly extended to Atchison, thi 
 roa<l that ever Hveil up to its agreement with the people of 
 is now the president of the St. T.ouis & Northwestern ro; 
 brief outline of the breadth of charactei- of its iiresident 
 
 C. B. Brace, treasurer of the company, has been a citizen of Leaven- 
 worth for over twenty-four years. Previous to liecoming a member of 
 this company, he was for nnuiy years engaged in tlie wholesale hardware 
 business. He is a gentleman of tine business qualifications, and like his 
 associates, takes a lively interest in the development of tlu- ( 'ity and State. 
 In response to the question as to his opinion on tiie future of the City 
 and State, he said: "' With its rich snil and adminible .limate, Kansa.-s 
 must become one of the leading agricultural States of the Lnion. And. 
 lookinir at Leavenworth with an impartial eye, I think it au excellent 
 
 city from the 
 influence and 
 this place to 
 • onlv line of 
 this city. He 
 id. Such is a 
 
The History of Leavei^ worth. H7 
 
 city for both mercantile and manufacturing, and I can see no reason 
 Avhy it should not become the most important market center on the 
 Missouri River. The fact of its beins: a military post is worth hundreds 
 of thousands of dollars to the city annually, as through it a large number 
 of military posts to the West are supplied." 
 
 The secretary's desk is occupied by .J. B. McAfee, who has been a citi- 
 zen of the State since 1855. He is widely and favorably known through- 
 out the West. He has tilled several positions of honor and trust since 
 his residence here, among which were Secretary of State and Adjutant- 
 C-reneral. He is a gentleman of quick perceptions and broad views, both 
 .commercially and politically. 
 
 J. P. Gamble, superintendent of the company, is a practical wagon- 
 maker of large experience, having been many years in the business at 
 Cairo, Illinois, previous to locating here. C. Townsend, Esq., the General 
 Agent of the company, is an accomplished gentleman, full of energy 
 and ability, and one of the most efficient of wagon men; and so we 
 might speak of many others of this progressive company, but space will 
 not permit. The business office of the company is on Delaware street. 
 and if the reader should ever find himself in Leavenworth, with a few 
 hours leasure. he could not spend it to better advantage than in visiting 
 the Kansas Wagon Works. 
 
 In conclusion we will say to such as contemplate moving to this State 
 that it will be to their advantage not to bring their heavv goods, such as 
 farm implements and fiarniture. as they can buy all such here as cheap or 
 cheaper than at the East. 
 
 COAL. 
 
 TIIK LEAVEN WORTH COAL ('0.\IP.\NV 
 
 was organized in 1863, with a capital of $100,000. But little was done 
 towards developing the interest however, until 1868, when a re-oi-ganiza- 
 tion of the company was affected, the capital increased to f 300,000 and 
 the work of opening one of the most valuable and extensive coal mines 
 west of Ohio was pushed forward with such rapidity that the coal ot the 
 company was placed on the market in the fall of 1870. The manage- 
 ment of the company consists of Lucian Scott, president; Matthew 
 Ryan, vice-president : Lyman Scott, treasurer, and Dr. T. Sinks, secre- 
 tary, all gentlemen of business jjush and enterprise, who have been 
 citizens of this city since 1856. That they have succeeded in developing 
 the industry to an extent that has already proved of fncalculable value 
 to the City and State is evidenced by the fact that they are now empjojang 
 220 men during the summer months, 300 during the other seasons, and 
 are mining on an average 300 tons of coal per day, for which they find a 
 ready market at home and throughout the West. • This coal contains, as 
 shown by chemical analysis, 56 per cent, carbon, while the best bitumi- 
 nous coal of Pennsylvania only contains 64 per cent. In fact, it is pro- 
 nounced by railways and mnnufactuvers as far superior to any other 
 Western coal for sti'Min making. The company are sinking a second 
 shaft, which will 1),- completed about the 1st of .luly next, which will 
 double tlieir capacity. They have Itort-d an additional depth of 300 feet, 
 striking a vein of a different quality, which will be opened up next year. 
 
 Without going into details we will say that the coal mines of Leaven- 
 worth are inexhaustible; the quality far superior to other Western coal, 
 and that it is, and will continue to be, the basis of a prospei-ous manu- 
 facturing citv. and a source of wealth to the whole State. 
 
38 
 
 The His toby of Leavenworth. 
 
 FURNITURE. 
 
 ABERNATHY, DOITGHTY * HALT. — SUCCESSORS TO ABEUNATUY BltOS. 
 
 -^- The subjoined engraving is 
 
 a vei7 cramped representation 
 m ot the extensive wholesale and 
 
 retail furniture house of Aber- 
 nathy Brothers, established 
 in 1860. and located on Dela- 
 ware street, between Third 
 and Fourth streets. It is a 
 three stoiy and basement 
 brick structure, 50x100 feet, 
 plain in its exterior, but on 
 enterinff it one finds .himself 
 lost in a wilderness, as it were, 
 of elaborate and richly fash- 
 ioned furniture. The ground 
 floor is divided into two com- 
 partments, one being devoted 
 to the handling of carpets, 
 curtams, cornices, lambre- 
 quins, etc., embracing the 
 products of both this counti-}- 
 and Europe. Here one can 
 select anything desired, from 
 the common hemp to the 
 richest velvet. The other 
 half of the floor is used for 
 office purposes and sales and sample room for the different styles of escri- 
 toires, book cases, sideboards, wardrobes, bureaus, dressers, easy chairs, 
 etc., all of beautiful designs and the most elaborately carved. The second 
 floor is used as a salesroom for parlor and chamber sets, of evei-y conceiv- 
 able style and de.scription. Some of the parlor sets are upholstered in 
 silk, velvet or plush, while others are dressed in the more modest rep, 
 damask or haircloth. Here one can select for a cottage or palace, iind 
 that too — for the simple reason the goods are manufactiired here— at lower 
 prices than would have to be paid for the same class of goods in St. Louis 
 or Chicago. And, by way of parenthesis, the writer for the benefit of 
 such as contemplate moving in this direction from the East, will say: 
 do n»t freight heavy goods, such as furniture and agricultural imple- 
 ments, as you can buy here as cheap, and in many instances cheaper than 
 at the East. The third floor is tised for the more common grades of furni- 
 ture, chairs, etc., while the basement is employed for storage and 
 packing. Connected and owned by this house is the most extensive furni- 
 ture factory in the West. To fully aiipreciate the extent and magnifi- 
 cence of the furniture handled by. tlio house one must visit it. As an 
 index, however, we will say that the firm ernploys 100 men and transact 
 an average annual Ijusiness of $225,000. Their goods are distributed 
 generally through the West, the retail houses in different directions buy- 
 ing largely. J. L. Abemathy, to whose liberal business enteiT^rise the j 
 city is indebted for this large and valuable industry-, located here in 1858^ 
 being one of the very first settlers, and he has always made the adrance- 
 ment of the city's interest identical with his own. In speaking of the 
 present and future of Leavenworth he said to the writer: "Indications 
 point unmistakably to the fact that Leavenworth will continue to grow as 
 a manufacturing city. There are more goods manufactured here now than 
 in all of the other cities in the State. What we particularly want here 
 is more capital in manufacturing and a larger buying market for agincul- 
 
The History of Leavenworth. 
 
 39 
 
 tural products. In short, it offers superior manufactuiing advantages, 
 while in the wholesale mercantile line all that is needed are stocks to 
 compete with other market centers. As a whole, the prospects are better 
 than they have ever been before." 
 
 •:;;;|;^Mr. Doughty, a partner in the establishment, has been with the 
 house for eiglit years, while Mr. Hall has been with it five years. 
 They are gentlemen of sterling worth and enterprise. There is one thing 
 deserving of mention, they manufacture all their own goods. They have 
 a wholesale house on the corner Main and Choctaw streets 50x150 and 
 four stories in height. 
 
 UOBERT KKITH & CO. 
 
 The above cut is an outside viow of the fnrnitui-e house of Robert 
 Keith & Co., and the following, clipped from the Leavenworth Times, 
 gives the outside world an idea i)f what this mammoth establishment 
 are doing: 
 
 ■' ANOTHEU MOVK IN THP: KIC4HT DIRECTION." 
 
 "Since the firm of Robert Keith & Co. was established in 1873, it 
 appears that every important business move made by them has been wise 
 and judicious. In 1873 they were doing a retail business at 207 Delaware 
 street. Desirous of increasing their retail trade, the carpet and curtain 
 branches were added, which proved successful. In 1875 it was thought 
 best to combine wholesale with their retail furniture and carpet business. 
 In order to do this successfully it was necessary to make arrangements 
 for the manufacturing of their goods, which they did with the old 
 reliable furniture factory of Dillworth & Lysle, on Cherokee street. 
 Then it was that the business of Keith & Co. began to assume large pro- 
 portions and it became a necessity to move into larger quarters. The 
 mammoth store, comer of Third and Delaware, was erected and occupied 
 by Keith & Co., in January, 1877, which is used for their retail depart- 
 ment, while their wholesale department is carried on in the immense 
 
40 The History of Leavenworth. 
 
 Duikling, comer of Main and Delaware streets. The marked success of 
 this worthy firm has been the subject of mucli comment throujfhout the 
 West. Their business hits increased ijreatly year by year, and stands 
 to-day as one of the leading' commercial houses on the Missouri river. Mr. 
 Robert Keith has been the iU-tive manayei- of this establishment, and haw 
 been directed in all important moves by the liberal policy and good busi- 
 ness sense of Mr. Levi Wilson, the senior mendjer of the firm. The new 
 ■.iccessions of Mr. Wm. Parmlee and Mr. .los. Keith to the firm will add 
 greatly to its strength, and is another move in the right direction, for 
 both of the n<'w members are known to l)e men of sterling worth, and 
 first chxss business capacity. The encouragement which Mr. Wilson 
 otters to these young men to build up such an establishment is certainly 
 very creditable and is appreciated by the community." 
 
 MEDICINES. 
 
 Among the more useful and rapidly expanding mamifacturing enter- 
 pri!*es of Leavenworth is the 
 
 imOWX MKDICIXK AND MAXIKAC Tl UI .NC (OMTAXV. 
 
 organized with a capital of $nO,000, in August. ISTO. The company is 
 composed of enterprising, experienced gentlemen, its ofiicers being Geo. 
 A. Eddy, president: W. (.'. McPike, vice-president ; K. J. Brown, super- 
 intendent and treasurer and .1. I'. J^auserman, secretary. The company 
 have twenty-two persons in their employ and five traveling salesmen: 
 their goods are generally distributed throughout all the Weslern States 
 and Territories; their sales increasing at the rate of thirty percent, a year. 
 In the first place this company ma)uifacture a line of medicines especially 
 adapted to the various diseases incident to the Western States and Terri- 
 tories. These medicines are compounded by the most experienced chemists 
 —graduates from the best known schools of phannacy at the East — under 
 the immediate supervision of Dr. K. .1. Brown, an experienced pharma- 
 ceutical chemist of long standing who has made the remedie> of this 
 company a study for the past twenty years, and that these medicines are 
 filling a want not heretofore met by Eastern remedies, their populainty 
 amply verify. .\nd it is a fact worthy of note that none l)nt drugs of 
 ascertained purity tMiter into their compounds. Besides a full lino of 
 medicines, inrluding Brown's Liver Bills. Blacklicrry and (iinger. t'ongh 
 Balsams, Tar Troches. Extracts of .Jamaica (tingei-. Sarsaparilla and 
 Dandelion: they manufacture a large lin(> of popular flavoring extrarts. 
 pert'umeries, soda syrups, medicated wines, etc. But what is of great 
 importance, all of their galenical and ])harmaceutical preparations, also 
 their elixn-s. fluid extracts and medicinal syrups are manufactured by 
 experienced chemists from ]>ure materials. Theu-s are no patent nostrums, 
 and their business is no experiment, having outlived that hour by 
 developing into the most romplete success. 
 
 .\ few words relating to their system of doing business may prove ot 
 interest and in a measure account for their large sales throughout the 
 West. In no instance are their goods handled on commission, they are 
 sold direct to the trade on the following conditions: The stock of the 
 (iompanv is divided into shares of ^."jC ciich. and the druggist who buys 
 ifiiO worth of these medicines is credited on the company's Itooks witli 
 $■") paid on the stock, and when his purchases reach |"»00 he will have a 
 credit of $50, which h-' may take in stock or in medicines. This is a 
 most admirable system, as it makes druggists directly interested in 
 promoting the sales of these valuable medicines. The company's books 
 show that there are over ;!.000 druggists in different por tionsof the West 
 that are handling these medicines on the above plan, and as the real 
 value of the system becomes more thoroughly understood, it will become 
 generally adopted and the scope of usefulness of these medicines will V)e 
 lurgely increased. The office, salesi-oom and laboratory of the company 
 
The History of Leavenworth. 41 
 
 are situated on Delaware street, and are commodious and most admirably 
 arranged, the laljoratory being supplied with all of the most approved 
 appliances for a scientific and successful preparation of ihese compounds. 
 
 R. ir. T. XESBTTT. 
 
 (Jhemist and Di-ugyist. is located at the corner of Fifth and Miami streets, 
 where he established his present business in 1878. He came here trom 
 Montreal in 1872. ha%ano- graduated at the Montreal Phannaceutical 
 College m that city. He had- fourteen years experience in the drug- 
 business before locating for himself. He makes a specialty of preparing 
 prescriptions, and his store was furnished inside under his own direction, 
 and is one of the best fitted in the West. He cames a full line of tdl the 
 leading drugs, and. in fact. eveiTthing usually kept in a first-class drug 
 store. 
 
 THE LEAVENWORTH SUGAR COMPANY. 
 
 A VALUABLE INDUSTRY TO THE CITY. 
 
 The announcement made a fiew months ago that Leavenworth was to 
 have added to her manufacturing industries a large sugar factoiy, has 
 been reahzed, and in the comlnnation of local and Eastern capital, we can 
 point with pride to the largest and most completely equipped Glucose, or 
 coiTi sugar factoiy in this countiy : a factory where 2.000 bushels of com 
 per day, or 730.000 bushels per annum will be converted into sugar or sjTup. 
 ITie Leavenworth Sugar Company was organized in .January, 1880. mth a 
 capital of $75,000. Their factoiy is situated about one mile to the south of 
 the heart of the city, the building employed being a three-story .brick, 
 130x140 feet, the machinery and apphances being of the most approved 
 description, the whole costing about $40,000. Tliey employ, as motive 
 power, three engines — the main one being a 1 iiO-horse power machine. The 
 establishment furnishes employment for one hundred persons. The man- 
 agement of the Company consists of Lucien Hawley. of Buffalo, New- 
 York, a gentleman of large means and broad business views. .1. W. De- 
 ver, who was for several years the owner of a sugur factoiy in Cuba, Gen- 
 eral Superintendent, and Nicholas A. Jones, formerly a prominent con- 
 tractor on the New York and Erie Kailroad. (Jhief Engineer, lii short, the 
 company possess ample capital and the most thorough knowledge of the 
 busmess, hence with them it is no experiment. The products of the 
 company will be confined to table syrup, sugar and (jilucose. 
 
 The average yield is about twenty-eight pounds of sugar to the bushel 
 of com, or twenty-five pounds of syrup. The ottal from 2.000 bushels of 
 corn is ample food for l.oOO head of cattle, and is pronounced as fai- 
 superior to still slops. 
 
 There are several establishments of this kind in operation in this 
 countiy, and as a rule, they are all doing a good business, and the one 
 here, under its present able management, gives promise of being equally 
 prosperous. One tiling is certiiin. and that is. it is one of the most valuable 
 and important industries in the City or State, 'i'he industry will not only 
 open a market for nearly a million bushels of corn annually, but will 
 furnish employment for an immense volume of labor. Then, again, for 
 stock feeding, it will prove of great value to both City and State. Hence 
 as a whole, Leavenworth is lucky in securing the location here of the 
 industry, and the conqiany are happy over the promising future of their 
 great entei-]>rise. 
 
 M. O. POST. 
 
 manufacturer and dealer in liamess and saddlery, came to tliis city, from 
 Illinois in 1879. He has had ten years experience in the business, and has 
 the reputation of turning out as good work as can Ite fo\md anywhere — 
 East or West. His sales for last vear were ^M.OOd. 
 
42 
 
 The His tout of Leavenworth. 
 
 THE MANUFACTORIES OF LEAVENWORTH. 
 
 As the wealth and prosperity of communities, States and Nations are 
 largely dependent on their manufacturinf,' resources, for the mformation 
 of the many thousands in the Eastern States an<l Europe to whom this 
 work will be sent, we have devoted a chapter — which will be found in 
 another part of this book— to the present and prospective developments 
 of manufacturing in this city and the many advantages it otters to all 
 who are looking in this direction for business locations. Having laid the 
 whole matter before the reader in a plain, straightforward manner, with- 
 out indulging in any rose-tinted statements, in the chapter reierred to, as 
 an eviclence of the important position Leavenworth has reached as a great 
 manufacturing center; it is now proposed to devote a chapter to the 
 more prominent manufacturing industries in prosperous operation at the 
 present time, (living the largest and most valuable to the City and State 
 the preference, we will first call the attention of the reader to the 
 
 GUKAT w estp:rn manufacturing company, 
 established in 18')8, the oldest and by far the largest establishment of the 
 kind west of the Mississippi River. Its products include stationary and 
 portable engines of any and all descriptions and of any capacity ortlered, 
 saw mills, shafting, pulleys, mill gearing of all descriptions, pumps, 
 mining machinery, horse powers, iron building work, iron fencing, water 
 wheels, bridge bolts, etc. They als(j handle to a large extent portable 
 Hour mills, smut and separating machines, bolting cloth, rubber and 
 leather beltings, mill stones an<l mill furnishing goods of every descripticm. 
 
 31,l..JfjHkl. 
 
 -.-' <D Qo >, >i birc 
 
 .^•-5 S 53^. S i 
 
 -^-r c s ao " 
 
 j5 ^ .3 ^ ^ 
 
 i til 174 
 
 
 H if-^ s . §^ 
 
 -^ * -p -o "" 
 
 
 tw .1^ ^ C tT '^ j;i 
 
 
 i— i-i ' "^ _^ -^-' — 
 
 = 2 c-^«^_-^ 
 
 ti.M-cl-- 
 
 •^ J i-< v^ '"' 
 
 - o u'% i «i"fc 
 
 •^ tZ s - s 
 
 
 .~ 3 a-' ,■— c 1.- 
 
 • -2 > i _ r«= 
 
 J ^ PUli C , 
 
 ^ C S 5^ 3 S -/ 
 
 - ■•'- :ro c X s 
 
 ■■ tt K ^ C 
 
 r. "^ -i^ -^y -z * 
 
 ^:^'is^c-^ 
 
 >,-S 5 rt g st^ 
 
 -^ ^_. ^ a ~ bl 
 
 '"''%-B. 5 ?^^ 5 
 
 — ' ■- c •- ..:;*- 
 
 ^ £ s= is ^ . > 
 
 —1 O-' O C'" ^ cc 
 
 ^arn-si^r 
 
 t.s ohZ Z.Z 
 
 s|f-^.§Jx 
 
 'T.'^ ^ S O ^— -*- 
 
 ■^ - f^'Eo 5 £ 
 
 
 
 i! .'C 2 « "^ = 
 — < OJ o 2 > irO 
 
 - ^.j- g o P^-g 
 
 3ii ^-So-K 
 
 r.S=2 8S^ 
 
 C ="0.5 ■ S 
 
 i; c3 5 Ti j: 
 
 ^j o a. 
 
 •JIG. ^. 
 
The History of Leaves worth. 48 
 
 of the city, and we only echo the general voice in the statement that 
 none have contributed more towards building up Leavenworth than the 
 gentlemen just mentioned. They are gentlemen of broad business 
 views, lai-ge enterprise and highly esteemed in business ciixles. It may 
 not be out of place to state in this connection that Mr. John Wilson has 
 filled several public positions of honor and trust, including that of State 
 Senator, being at the present time President of the Board of Education. 
 
 In 1866 this company commenced to manufacture stoves, and that 
 branch of their business so increased as to necessitate in 1875, the organ- 
 ization of the 
 
 GREAT WESTERN STOVE COMPANY, 
 
 of which John Wilson is president, E. P. Wilson, treasurer and N. H. 
 Burt, secretary. Although the Great Western Manufacturing Company 
 and the Great Western Stove Company are operated under different firm 
 names, their interests are in a great measure identical. As in the case of 
 the first mentioned company, this is also the most extensive manulactur- 
 ing enterprise of the kind in the West, and what is more to the point, in 
 quantity, variety and quality they rank second to no stove works in the 
 country. At the present time they turn out about ninety different styles 
 and varieties of cooking and heating stoves, with arrangements tor intro- 
 ducing a dozen or more new styles this season. Their stoves have earned 
 such a reputation throughout the West that it is difficult for the com- 
 pany to keep even pace with their orders. They melt about fifteen tons 
 of iron per day, or 4,685 tons a year, and turn out about 25,000 stoves per 
 annum, their trade having increased fully thirty-five per cent, during 
 the past year, their main field of distribution being Kansas, Missouri, 
 Colorado and Nebraska. They employ 125 men, and keep three travel- 
 ing salesmen on the road. 
 
 Thus it will be seen that these two companies, operated on the same 
 premises, and main'y by the same members, employ in the aggregate 275 
 persons, and have invested in buildings and machinery fully $150,000, 
 while their joint products will not vary much from $350,000 per annum. 
 It is an enterprise of the "manner born." and not only Lenvenwoi'th 
 but the whole State is proud of it. 
 
 THE SOAP FACfOItY OF R. B. CRAIG. 
 
 the oldest in the State of Kansas; was established in this city in 1857. 
 and is now one of the valuable industries of Leavenworth. The products 
 of the establishment includes the "Water Lily," "Woman's Friend." 
 '• White Russian," " Indigo Blue," " Extra Family," " OUve," " Conti- 
 nental," "Palm" and "Toilet" soaps. These soaps find a ready 
 market throughout Kansas, western Missouri and Colorado; and as their 
 quality is equal to the products of any factories at the East, the business, 
 which now averages $20,000 a year, is steadily increasing. Mr. Craip- 
 was formerly in the business at Pittsburg, Pennsylvanm, and fully 
 understands how to make soaps that will gain the public favor. He 
 employs seven men in his factory and one on the rond. 
 
 THE KANSAS CORSET. 
 
 Among the numerous manufactures of Leavenworth, "The Kansas 
 (jorset," made by Mrs. L. D. Taylor, is receiving considerable attention. 
 What she claims for them over the common corset is perfect fitting, fine 
 finish and durability, which imparts symmetry of form, and the fine 
 quality of material used. She makes both the short and the abdominal 
 corset. She has lately opened in new quarters, at 205 Fourth street, the 
 front room of the store being used as a salesroom for millineiy and ladies' 
 neck ware. Mrs. Taylor makes a specialty of corsets to order, and persons 
 in the country adjoining Leavenworth will receive circulars giving full 
 description and prices by addressing her. 
 
44 
 
 The History of Leavenworth. 
 
 THE FLOURING MILLS OF LEAVENWORTH. 
 
 TIIK l,.M{<^K.ST IN IIIK \\ 1>T. 
 
 
 > * 
 
 ^ s 
 
 as 2 
 
 riif writi'v liiis \isit('ii iiuiiiy of the iiiore pronnnent riiips in this 
 (.•ountry. and wiiilc <"Xiiniininj^' Ihi' dirt'orciit industries has inspected a large 
 number of tionriny mills, and without the least desire to Hatter the people 
 of Leavenworth, or to iuHiet a putf on Mr. H. I). Kush, proprietor of the 
 Leavenworth Mill, we can say that we have ins^iected no mills East 
 or West that were better iUTanged or that were better supphed with 
 approved niachineiy and other modern appliances for facilittting the 
 manufacturing of a superior article of flour than his. And right here we 
 will state that, notwithstanding Kansas City indulges in the penchant of 
 elevating her nasal organ when comparing hei- commerce with that of 
 Leavenworth, there is more flour maiuifactured l)y the Leavenworth Mill 
 alone, tiian at all of the flouring mills of Kiuisas City. This is a pretty 
 broad statement, and yet it is just as true a.s.it is broad. To the more 
 
The History of Leavki^ worth. 4^ 
 
 distant readers of this work a brief description of this mill may prove 
 interestiiiff. ft is a four story and basement ))rick, 95x100 feet, painted a 
 dark drab, an<l is situate<l on the southeast corner of Broadway and Dela- 
 ware street. It is supplied with eight run of stone and has a capacity of 
 1,50U bushels per day (12 hours), and is kept mnning- day and night, so 
 pressing is, and has been the demand for its pioducts for the past two years. 
 That a superior quality of Hour is produced, it is only necessary to say 
 that it readily commands '25 cents per sack in the market more than any 
 other Hour manufactured in the country-. The machinery employed is of 
 the most approved description and so thoroughly do the diiferent cleaning 
 and purifying machines do their work, the wheat before passing into the 
 hoppers over the stones is entirely cleaned of all smut, dust or other 
 impurities. And it may be well to give a detailed statement of the 
 various cleansing processes to wliich the grain is subjected before being 
 reduced to flour. The grain is received into a large hopper placed on an 
 iron track at the front of the building near the east side; this track 
 extends from the entrance at that point to scales employed in weighing 
 the grain. This hopper is rolled out on the platform, filled with wheat 
 from the wagon of tlie seller and then rolled back on the scales, where 
 the grain is weighed, after which it jmsses from the hopper into a large 
 receiving bin on the floor below, when the hopper is again rolled to 
 the enti-ance and refilled and the work of receiving goes on in an easy 
 manner. From the receiving bin, by the aid of elevators, the grain is 
 conveyed to the fourth story, where it is subjected to the first cleansing 
 process by passing through large and excellently arranged warehouse 
 seperators. and from thence to the gra-ding bins, alter which it is again 
 introduced into a large Moline separator. It is then subjected to the 
 scouring process, the machine used in this department being manu- 
 factured by Hughs & Co., of Hamilton. Ohio. The gram then passes 
 through a fine bnish machine, also manufactured by Messrs. Hughs k Co. 
 This last machine effectually removes all dust and other matter from the 
 surface of the grain. Leaving the l»rush machine the grain passes through 
 a large rolling screen, supplied with a powerful air blast. w4iich removes 
 any and all remaining dust. Then conies the last and finishmg prepara- 
 tory process, from the rolling screen it passes into a combined steamer and 
 dryer, an improved process for toughening the bran. It is then elevated 
 into tight bins, where it remains luitil manufactured into flour. After 
 being gi-ound into flour, the flour is elevated to the fourth floor where it 
 passes through some nineteen bolting reels and four improved purifiers, 
 wliich thoroughly separates the pure flour from bran and other matter. 
 The flour then passes through two large Eureka packers to the first floor, 
 where it is sacked and ready for the market. To drive the machmery of 
 this mammoth establishment a 140-horse powei- engine is employed, the 
 steam being generated by a Imttery of three boilers, each eighteen feet 
 long, with thirty-two flues. Two "powerful steam pumps are used for 
 feeding water, the water being drawn from the Missouri River by inde- 
 pendent water works built by Mr. Rush. The machinery employed to 
 drive the stones is of the most improved description and is so adjusted 
 that there is a marked absence of that noise and jar so usual in flouring 
 mills. In fact, Mr. Rush has allowed no expense to interfere in making 
 his mill as perfect as money and human skill could accomplish, and as a 
 reward, he sees his celebrated "Premium" and "Golden Eagle" brands 
 standing at the head of the flour manufacturing industry of this country ; 
 and, notwithstanding the immense capacity of his mill, he cannot keep 
 even pace with the constantly increasing demand. This mill is compai-a- 
 tively fire proof, one prevention against conflagration being a brick smoke 
 stack 75 feet in height. Mr. Rush buys only the liest As-intm- wheat, of 
 which he carries an average stock of "from '75,009 to 125,000 bushels. 
 The flour from this mill is distributed throughout the We.st, Kansas. 
 Missouri, Iowa, Illinois, Nebraska, Colorado, Texas, New Mexico and the 
 Indian Territory. 
 
 About thirty feet west of the above mill, as will be seen by the 
 engraving accompanying this article, is a fine elevator now un?ier process 
 
46 The History of Leavenworth. 
 
 of constructionby Mr. Rush. It fronts HU feet on Delaware street, is 124 
 deep, 06 feet in heij?ht, with a capacity of 180.000 bushels of pn^ain. 
 When this elevator is completed the tjrain will enter it from wagons and 
 will move onward, passing througii the various processes for cleansnig, 
 seperating and purifying, never stopping in its forward movement until 
 reduced to flour and sacked for tlie market. In conclusion we will say, if 
 by choice or chance the reader ever visits Leavenworth and is anyways 
 interested in flour making, he or she. as the case may be, cannot spend 
 an hour more i)leasantly than ))y calling at the Leavenworth Mills, fn 
 developing the flour manufacturing interi'st to its present proportions Mr. 
 Rush has added materially towards Ijuilding up and infusing life to the 
 various industries of the city. 
 
 TlIE KKYSTOXK MILLS. 
 
 Of which .]. R. Dilhvorth and .1. (.'. Lysle are proprietors, was built some 
 ten or twelve years ago, and up to LSTo was used as a corn mill. It has 
 three run of stone, is supplied with all approved maciiinery for making a 
 superior flour and \aas an easy capacity of 125 barrels per day. Its 
 special brands are the "Golden Sheaf" and " White Swan,'" which ha.'' 
 a reputation e(iual to any flour made in the West, the demand for which 
 is sudi that this mill is run to its fullest capacity to meet the shipments 
 to Missouri. Iowa and Illinois. 
 
 Adjoining their mill Messrs. Dillworth ic Lysle have a large furniture 
 factory, in which they employ twenty-five men, their annual trade in that 
 line being about $25,000. As specialties they manufacture chamber sets, 
 drawer work, desks and tables, which they wholesale throughout the 
 West. Messrs. D. & L. are enterprising men. and their trade shows a 
 healthy expansion. They said to the writer: "After ten years' actual 
 business experience here we do not hesitate in the opinion that the future 
 of Leavenworth is most promising. We have elements of success in 
 manufacturing ofl'erod by no other town in the West, anu in our opinion 
 it is and will be to Kansas what Lowell is to Massachusetts. 
 
 Another of the \-Hluable industries of Leavenworth is the carriage 
 factory of 
 
 S. L. NOUTH Ai CO.. 
 
 e.stabhslied in bSlio, which employs fifty-two skilled workmen, clerks, etc.. 
 and we only echo the general voice when we saj' that their carnages, for 
 style and quality, are equal to any manufactured in this country. They 
 make on an average twenty-five carriages and buggies a month, which 
 find a ready market in Kansas, Missouri. Colorado, Nebraska, New 
 Mexico and Texas. Their factoiy is 50x300 feet, and in its machinery and 
 other appliances for producing sujjerior work it is the most admirably 
 equipped establishment in the Wc'st. Only second growth hickory is 
 used, while all timber employed is most thoroughly seasoned. They 
 make a general assortment of light carriages, buggies, phtetons luid 
 trotting sulkies, all of which are kept in stock or made to order, the sales 
 of the company average $60,000 a year, and their ti~ade is increasing. 
 Admirers of fine carriages visiting our city should take the opportunity of 
 looking through the repository of this coinpanj'. 
 
 TIIK BUCKEYE CAIUU.VGK WORK.S — JOHN CRET0U8. 
 
 now locateil on Cherokee street, are the outgrowth of a business estab- 
 lished in 1S()5. Mr. Cretors makes a specialty of the finest class of 
 carriage work. The factory is now ci'owtled to its utmost capacity in 
 filling present contracts for a number of elegant pha-tons, fine buggies, 
 spring trucks, furniture vans, etc., besides a large number of spring 
 wagons of various styles. He has at present a working force of twenty 
 men. distributed in the various departments. His business this j'ear 
 will approximate $50,000. Mr. Cretors is an active business man and 
 has been engaged in the carnage making and jiainting since 18:^, and his 
 constantly increasing Ijusiness is mainly due to the personal supervision, 
 which, from his long experience, he is able to give to the various depart- 
 ments, indicating the popular and growing reputation of this establish- 
 ment for satisfactory and first-class work. 
 
The History of Leavenworth. 47 
 
 Among the carriage iiianufacturers worthy of notice we call attention to 
 
 who unfurled his business banner to the breeze here in 1875, is a solid two- 
 story brick, 50x75 feet, situated at No. 814 and 316 Shawnee street. Mr. 
 Lyon IS a pleasant, thorough-o;oing business g-entleman, and his work is 
 not excelled by that of any factory in the West. None but proficient 
 workmen are employed, and as all work passes under liis iramed.iate 
 supervision, nothing but lirst-class carriages are allowed to go out from 
 his place. Said Mr. Lyon to the writer: " I do not attempt to compete 
 with the shoddy work made at some points East and sent West for sak; : 
 yet I do compete, and will place my buggies and carriages against those 
 of the best factories of the country, East or West. 1 employ the best 
 material to be had, and I turn out honest, perfect work, a system that has 
 secured me a trade of over $6,000 a year— a trade that is increasmg at 
 
 and carriages. 
 
 THE LEAVENWORTH WOOLEN MILLS, 
 
 of which Owen Duffy is proprietor, have been in operation since 1871. and 
 having outhved the days of panics and shrinkages in values, are to-day. 
 classed as one of the prosperous industries of the city. It is what is known 
 as a, " Three-set Mill, " and its products include the different grades of 
 cloths — from the more common tweeds to choice beavers and doeskins. 
 It uses; on an average, 150,000 Its. of wool, per annum — its products being 
 from $60,000 to $65,000. It furnishes employment for forty persons and is 
 well provided with improved nuichineiy, which is driven l^y a fine fifty- 
 horse power engine. Mr. Uuffy has been a citizen of this city since 1857. 
 and even m the darkest days of^ its business histoiy, he has never lost confi- 
 dence in its ultimate success. 
 
 AGRICULTURAL IMPLEMENTS. 
 
 LEWIS MjVYO, 
 
 who combines the busmess of farm maclunery, agricultural implements, 
 farm and garden seeds, and groceries, and vphose place of Imsiness is Nos. 
 228. 225 and 227 Shawnee street, his store being a two-story basement 
 brick, 50x125 feet; he commenced business in this city in 1866. He 
 employs eight men in his store and one traveling salesmen, and does an 
 average busuiess of $75,000 a year. We have not the space to enter into 
 the details of his stock furiher than to say, he can-ies a full hne of staple 
 and fancy gi'oceries, which he sells at wholesale and retail, a complete 
 assoiiment of seeds, -with a large variety of farm implements and t-ools. 
 In farm machinery he handles the most popular makes, making a specialty 
 of N. C. Thompson's celebrated sulky plows and I. X. L. stirring plows, 
 the John Deere plows and cultivators, the Walter A. Wood harvester and 
 self-binder, the Marsh harvester. Empire and Excelsior reapers and mow- 
 ers, Heebner & Son's Little Giant Threshers, etc. He is general Westem 
 agent for the Bellville separator, Hamson wagon and I. X. L. grain rlrill. 
 He was also appointed recently, Western agent for the Walter A . Wood 
 twine binding harvester, said to be the most economical and successful 
 Ijinder yet invented. He is also agent for the Kansas wagon. Mr. Mayo 
 has drawn in this direction an enormous trade, not only for farm machinery 
 but for groceries. Having thus briefly refen-ed to the business of this 
 house, for the benefit of the more distant readers of this work, we will 
 quote his own words in relation to Leavenworth: "' Speaking from my own 
 
48 The Histouy of Leaver worth. 
 
 fjxperieuce, 1 believi; there is no l)etter i«)int in the West than this for the 
 ili.strilmtion of ai^ricultural <;oofls. iind, notwithstiindiiiLr Kansas City p-ot 
 the railroads. In my opinion, this will ilevt'lo])e into a yreat nuinnfacturinf.'- 
 center. Thi- aijiindance of cheap coal at our very doors is secnring and 
 nnist conlinnc to secure to us tluit important indnstry. The Ht'it^riil 
 staynatioii in Ijnsincss incident to the slirinkayi' in values durin;,' the past 
 decaili,', tof-i'ther with local causes, sommvliat checked the prosperity ol' 
 Leavenwftrth. lint those obstacles have been outlived, and with a return 
 of contidence there is a correspo)idin}i return of prosperity. With the 
 most liberal religious and school advantages and a healthy climate there is 
 no more invitiny city in the West for residence puiiKjse.s." 
 
 Mr. Mayo took an active part m tiie late war. and at its clo.se entered 
 the Treasury Depurtment at Washinjiton. where he remained until he 
 came to this ('ity. 
 
 VV. I)A\ IS, 
 
 X'eneral dealer in farm maclnnery. ayricultural implements, seeds, .sewer 
 pipe, yrind stones, etc.. has l)een in the business in this city for the past 
 fourte(Mi yeiii-s. his sales in IHTit beini-- aliout ffM, (XK I. or about $ 10.000 
 lar<:;-er than in 1X7.'^. And he seems sanyuine that for the in-esent year, 
 taknifi- the past three months as ii criterion, that his sales will reach 
 $lOO,0(MI. He handles the most popular makes of plows, cultivators, 
 .seeders, reapers and mowers, fann wayons tind thrashing machines, and. 
 in fcK-t. a larye and complete hue of everything in the way of farm and 
 U'arden implements and seeds. His trade, althouuh largely of a local 
 I'hanictei-. extends to a considerable extent into Missouri, Colorado ajid 
 Xebraska, iind is reachini4- out furtliei- and further every year. He also 
 handles the Studebidcer and Milburii wayons. 
 
 THE UNION MACHINE WORKS. 
 
 IS another of the nnportant manufacturniy nidustries of this city, that is 
 deserving' of especial mention in this work. These works were established 
 in May. 1S71I. with a capitid of ."ji.'iO.dOO : they yive employment to about 
 sixty men. and keep one traveiiny salesman on the road. Their products 
 include a full line of the dittcrent varieties of wood and coal stoves, iron 
 fronts for buildiii<>s, all kinds of machinery, engines to order, etc. Tlk'ir 
 specialties, however, are stoves and Ijuilding- iron, in which lines they are 
 iloing a large l)usiness. .Tosejih Whittaker. who. ya-evious to his locating 
 liere, some twelve years ago. was a^jirominent pork merchant of Cincin- 
 nati. Ohio, is jiresident and treasurer: Moses Harvey, vice-iiresident; A. 
 <i. Chandler, secretary, and .T. H. Behee. sui)erintendent of the company. 
 They distrilmte their ])roducts throughout the North. West and South— 
 their trade for lS7!t being fully one hundred per cent. larger than on the 
 preceding year of the late hrni whom they superceded. Their estaldishment 
 is suj)plit'd with the most approved machinery and other appliances for 
 turning out tirst-dass work, and they do a business of alwnt $20o.000 j^er 
 annum. They melt about 4.-'>O0fli>s. of iron per day. 
 
 THE LEAVENWORTH BAG MANUFACTURING COMPANY, 
 
 estaljlished in H74. occu|)ics a pronuiient position in the manufactunng 
 interots of the city, their trade having increased over 70 i)er cent, during 
 the past two years, their business now exrending thoughout Kansas and 
 adjoining States. They occnjiv four Hoors in a building. •_'4xl2(t feet, 
 work five jiresses, give employment to thirty persons and keep two travel- 
 ing salesmen on the road. They manufacture cotton bags, flour sacks and 
 burlaps, and handle a full line pa])er bags and wrapping pajier. W. .'\. 
 Rose, who has been a citizen of the city for twenty-two years, and who 
 was engaged in the book trade before entering npcm his present enter- 
 prise, is superintendent imd general manager, ami in his hands the 
 iiusiness has develoj)ed into a most coni])let<> success. 
 
The History of Leaven worth. 
 
 49 
 
 THE WHOLESALE AND RETAIL JEWELRY HOUSE 
 
 i^. nsr. siei^shifieXjID. 
 
 It was established in 18")6, and is the oldest house of the kind in the -K 
 West; while for reputation and business breadth it is the first. 
 
 The Ijuilding occupied is a large and handsome stnicture, with iron 
 and plate glass front, and is divided into two stores — the first being 
 25x50 feet, and the second, 25x(S5 — connected by a large archway at the 
 rear. The main floor of the first, is what we illustrate above, and is used 
 as a retail salesroom. Above this, is the factoiy, while the basement is 
 used as a storeroom for large and bulky stock — such as watchmakers' and 
 jewelers' lathes, rolls and other machinery, (for which this is the great 
 depot of the West) — as well as for the unbroken packages and cases of 
 
r>() 
 
 The History of Leavenworth. 
 
 silver plated ware, this being the Great Western Agency for all the great 
 manuiacturers of these goods in New England. 
 
 The main floor of the second store is the wholeside salesroom and 
 offices, iind contains five large fire-proof safes — fitted with drawers to 
 hold the smaller and more valuable articles, such as jewelrj', watches, 
 chains, diamonds, etc., while the shelves are filled with such goods a.s 
 watchmakers' and jewelers' small tools and materials, table cutlery, silver- 
 ware, spectacles and plated jewelry, (hie side of this room is taken 
 up, almost entu-ely, wth samples of clocks — one each of nearly every 
 style and shape known to the trade; while the room above is devoted 
 exclusively to the storing of the clocks, of which we find here the 
 greatest variety kept by any one house in the couiitr>'. The basement of 
 tliis store is the packing room. 
 
 It would be an almost endless task to enumerate the different varie- 
 ties and qualities of o-oods earned in stock at this establishment — suffice 
 it to say that it handles eveiTthing in the line of jewelry; inchuUng the 
 products of both America iuid Europe. In tact, it is the only house west 
 of the Atlantic, where a full line of all descriptions of gold and silver 
 jewehy, watches and chamonds. as well as silverware, clocks and materials, 
 can be found under the same roof. 
 
 This house employs four traveling sales, 
 men, whose trips extend into almost ever>' 
 county between the Mississippi River and 
 the Pacific, and whose annual sales will 
 reach a quarter of a milUon. Fourteen 
 slcilU'd workmen are kept busy in the 
 factory, and turn out an immense quantity 
 of the finest "-oods every year, making to 
 order tuiy design that human imagination 
 can desire. 
 
 Mr. Hershfield is a gentleman of broad 
 and liberal views ; and during the years of 
 "storm and sunshine " that have pa.s8ed 
 over Leavenworth, he has ever stood in the 
 foremost rank of those who have aided in 
 developing the City into the great manufactuiing center she is to-day. 
 
 INSURANCE— FrRE AND LIFE. 
 
 Insurance is one of the prominent features in the business of any 
 city, and Messrs. Nelles & Weed, who represent the leiwling companies 
 of the country, we refer to with pleasure. Their business extends 
 through Kansas, and into Colorado and the Indian Territory. They repre- 
 sent the Home Insurance Company, of New York; Phoenix Insurance 
 Company, of Hartford; Franklin Fire Insurance Company, of Philadel- 
 phia; Pennsylvania Fire Insurance Company, of Philiulelphia; Sprinrfeld 
 Fire and Marine Insiu-ance Company, of Massachusetts, and ImperiiU and 
 Northern, of London, all of which rank among the first, of first-class 
 insurance companies. The agency was estabUshed in 1870, and has been 
 steadily increasing itw premium receipts from that tinuj, and has now 
 become the leading agency in the State. They also represent the Mutual 
 Ijife Insurance Company, of New York, whose assets are larger, surplus 
 greater, premiums lower and dividends higher than those of any other 
 company. The firm consists of George W. Nelles and T. J. "Weed, and 
 they are located at the corner of Main and Delaware streets. 
 
 i WiLLi.vM T. Yoakum— Contractor and builder, whose shop is on 
 
 -> ■ Delaware, between Fifth and Sixth streets, is an old and esteemed citizen 
 ^ of this city, and is desemng of the liberal patronag'e he is receiving. 
 
The History of Leavenworth. 
 
 57 
 
 BARBERS' SUPPLIES. 
 
 Leavenworth can point to two industries not found elsewhere west of 
 Philadelphia, that of a two-ply carpet mill and a depot where all descrip- 
 tions of barber goods, either for use or ornamentation, are manufactured 
 and handled at wholesale and retail by 
 
 H. J. HKLMEK8. 
 
 at No. 117 Delaware street, where he 
 occupies three floors, 48x80 feet, all of 
 which space he employs as salerooms and 
 for storage and finishing. He has about 
 $15,000 invested in the business, employs 
 twenty-five workmen and one traveling 
 salesman; his trade extending through 
 Kansas, Missouri, Iowa, Nebraska, Colo- 
 rado and south to the Gulf. Mr. Helmers i 
 came to this city in 1859, and has resided f ' 
 here' constantly since 1865. He is a gentle- 
 man of active business qualifications, and 
 the fact that he has developed the barber 
 supply business into a perfect success is 
 an index to his character. He commenced 
 the selling of this line of goods in 1871, 
 and their manufacture in 1879. Making 
 a specialty of that class of goods his prices 
 range from five to ten per cent, lower 
 than IS charged by other firms. This is 
 especially true as relates to chairs, cases, 
 
 ; =>_ miiTors. and all barber furniture. He 
 
 keeps in stock all goods used in the barber trade, and has tlae largest 
 amount of stock on hand of any house in this country. His chairs are 
 the most popular in use. 
 
 STEAM BOILERS. 
 
 Adjoining the works of the Great Western Machine Company, on 
 Choctaw street, is the 
 
 LEAVENWORTH STEAM BOILEK WORKS 
 
 of Joseph Newsome & Sons, established in 1864. All of the largest and 
 best boilers in use in this city were manufactured at these works. They 
 not only manufacture boilers but make a full line of iron cells for jails 
 also lard rendering and water tanks of all descriptions, and their work 
 has a reputation equal to the best factories East. They make all the 
 boilers sold by the Great .Western Manufacturing Company, which is 
 sufficient evidence of their merit. They employ six men and do an aver- 
 age business of $12,000 a year. Mr. N. learned the business in London, 
 England, and has followed it fifty-three years. He came to this country 
 in 1835 and carried on the business seven years in Illinois. They are an 
 enterprising business firm and their work has a high reputation. 
 
 The Harrop Grocers' Supply Manufacturing Company. 
 
 This enterprise was established in 1876, by Mr. Harrop, who came to 
 Leavenworth in 1868, from Philadelphia. They make a specialty of supply- 
 ing the trade with pm-e flavorings, syrups, extracts, oils, eta. The Harrop 
 Baking Powder has a wide reputation ibr purity among the dealers 
 throughout Kansas and Missouri; as also has his celebrated Dry Hop 
 Yeast, and, m fact, all the articles manufactured by this Company. Mr. 
 Harrop's experience in the mwaiufacture of the above hue of goods is a suffi- 
 cient guarantee that all goods made by him will be just as represented. 
 
s$ 
 
 The History of Leavenworth. 
 
 BEER MANUFACTURING IN LEAVENWORTH. 
 
 There are few people in this citj', to say nothing of thousands outside 
 who will read this work, but will be surprised to learn that there are 
 fully 13,000 barrels of beer manufactured here each year, which furnishes 
 a market for nearly or quite 40,000 bushels of barley, and employment 
 for fully fifty persons. This interest alone pays over |18,000 per annum 
 towards the liquidation of the National debt, in the way of revenue tux 
 on its product. There are four breweries in the city which, at a moderate 
 estimate, employ an aggregixte capital of $100,000. Without the least 
 desire to advocate temperance or intemperance, we can only say that the 
 beer making industrj- is a material advantage to the city, and when 
 conducted as it is at the present time, should be encouraged. Of the 
 four breweries in the city, the largest and oldest is that of 
 
 MESSRS. BECKER & LINCK, 
 
 ti 
 
 ■s 
 
 
 .a I 
 
 1 . F- 
 
 t!;,iii;i!ini!';iri!!' a; •= 
 
 _ 3 
 
 5 >« 
 
 — s^ 
 
 K o 
 
 superior to any other establishment of the kind in the West. Their 
 malt-house, a fine three-story brick, is at -^^^ and .^8o Delaware street, 
 and is a model of the kind, being commodious ami airy, and supplied 
 with all conveniences and other appliances for manufacturing a superior 
 quality of malt. Their brewery is situated on Lawrence avenue, about 
 one mile from the heart of the city, and is a large stone building, most 
 admirably adapted to the business. Messrs. Becker A: Linck are practical 
 brewers, and under then' personal supervision no pains or expense is 
 spared in making their beer a pure, healthful beverage. In fact their 
 "Premium La^er Beer" has a reputation that will not suffer when 
 placed beside tlie best Milwaukee baer. Besides their large local trade 
 they have a wholesale depot at Emporia. Kansas, to which large ship- 
 ments are made from week to week. They are also the proprietors of 
 what is known as the Leavenworth Bottling Works, where they do an 
 immense business in the way of bottling ale, beer, soda, selzer waters and 
 ginger ale, which they distribute throughout the West. Messrs. Becker 
 & Linck have not only established a large, prosperous and advantageous 
 trade to the city, but have earned a place among the foremost of Leaven- 
 worth's enterprising business men. 
 
 In the northern portion of the city is situated the large brewery and 
 bottling works of 
 
The History of Leavenworts. 
 
 53 
 
 MESSRS. BRANDON & KIRMEYER. 
 
 where about 5,500 barrels of beer is manufactured ; their capacity being 
 about 300 baiTels of beer per week, or 15,000 bairels per annum. Tlus 
 estabUshment commenced business in 1857, as a soda water factory, and in ' 
 1862, commenced the beer-making business. Both members of the firm 
 are old and esteemed citizens. Mr. Brandon having commenced the soda 
 manufacturing trade here in the spring of 1858, while Mr. Kirmeyer com- 
 menced the butcher trade in the fall of same year. They make a quality 
 of beer that is popular throughout the West, wliich, for purity and 
 flavor, compares favorably wUh the best Milwaukee beer. They use about 
 12,000 bushels of barley per year, and pay to the Government, in the way 
 of revenue, about $5,500. In connection with their brewery is their bot- 
 thng works, where they put up ale, beer, soda water and ginger ale — 
 products for which they have a large demand. They employ fourteen 
 men, and command ample capital. In short, they are among the solid, 
 entei-prising business men of Leavenworth, and, like their beer, their repu- 
 tatation stands high. 
 
 MARBLE WORKS. 
 
 There are two marble works in this city, that of 
 
 BURDKTT, HEIS & SPOONER, 
 
 Manufacturers and wholesale dealers in marble, established in 1862, being 
 the oldest and by far the most extensive. They do all kinds of monu- 
 mental work, house finishing and furniture marble and building stone, 
 and have recently supplied their works with steam power and machinery 
 for manufacturing furniture tops, in which, as in all other branches, they 
 are prepared to supply the trade at wholesale. They also handle all 
 descriptions of n-on fencing for lawns and cemeteries, also a full line of 
 cemetery and la\^n furniture. They employ from twelve to twenty-four 
 men and from six to ten traveling men, and do an average trade of 
 $30,000 a year. They carry the largest stock of marble to be found in 
 the West, and they have the reputation of producing as fine work as any 
 house of the kind East or West. 
 
 MARBLE AND OIIANITE WORK. 
 
 We find the above industry well represented in Leavenworth, Mr. 
 Geraughty baing the representative of one of the two yards established 
 here. He came here at the close of the war — m which he served — in 1865, 
 and established his present business, and the numerous monuments and 
 tablets that mark the resting place of loved ones in the "city of the 
 dead" in this and adjoining towns are a testimony to his motto that 
 
o4 
 
 The History of Leavenworth. 
 
 honest work is the best advertisement. His business is on a solid basis, 
 doing about $12,000 a year. He employs six skilled workmen and two 
 salesmen on the road. The yards of the establishment are large' being 
 125 feet by 50 feet front, and we found in them some superb and artistic 
 pieces of workmanship in the line ot monuments, headstones and tablets, 
 etc. In all the localities where Mr. (ieraughty's work has hiul a trial he 
 holds and controls the trade and contidence of his patrons, for he allows 
 no work to leave his yards that is not first-class. Parties wishing any 
 discription of cemeteiy work will do well to call and examine his stock 
 and the>' will find that good work and reasonaljle prices are his motto. 
 
 HOTELS. 
 
 THE CONTINENTAL HOTKT,. 
 
 is situated on the 
 comer of Cherokee 
 _ and f^ourth streets, 
 J and is the most popu- 
 lai- house in tne 
 % city. It is a three 
 " stoiy and basement 
 brick iuid contains 
 sixty well furnished 
 rooms. As -will be 
 seen by the engrav- 
 mg ; it fronts both on 
 Cherokee and Fourth 
 streets. The ground 
 floor is devoted to 
 office, dinmg room. bilUard and sample room, reading-room and barber 
 shop purposes. On the second floor arc the pai-lors, reception rooms and a 
 portion of the sleeping apartments, while the third floor is entirely devoted 
 to sleepmg apaiiments. The rooms are clean aaid inviting imd well fur- 
 nished, connuodious sample rooms beuig provided for commercial travel- 
 ers. The proprietors, Messrs. Przybylowicz & Fritsche, were among the 
 first settlers in this city, the first came here in 1852, when there was not a 
 ..single house in the place. He built the Continental in 1868, and Mr. 
 Frit«che became a partner in 1872. No pains are spared to make all who 
 favor this house vnth their patronage comfortable. It is one of the best 
 $2 per day houses in tho West. 
 
 THE PliANTRRS HOUSE, 
 
 of which J. B. Lambert is proprietor was built in 1856, and is one of the 
 largest hotels west of the Missouri River. It is situated on the comer of 
 Main and Shawnee streets, and from its eastcm balcony one has a beauti- 
 ful view of the river. It contains 100 large, pleasant, well furnished 
 sleeping rooms, finely fitted up parlors and reception rooms, and, in fact, 
 it IS provided with all modern improvements for the comfort and conven- 
 ience of guests. (.Commercial travelers will find large sample rooms, 
 while pleasure parties will find beautifully furnished rooms, single or 
 en f<i(ite, at their disposal. And. what is equally important, they will find 
 Thos. Macken. chief clerk of the cstablislimeut, a courteous, genial gentle- 
 men, who never tires in administering to the wants and comfort of guests. 
 Mr. Mixcken was fomierly from Worcesti'r, Mass., and has been in tne city 
 only about two yesu's. But without going into details, the Planters is 
 th« largest and best hotel m the city, if is to Leavenworth what the 
 Coates' House is to Kansas City. 
 
The History of Leavenworth. 
 
 55 
 
 SOMETHING ABOUT WALL PAPER, GLASS AND PAINTS. 
 
 In looking through the above line of 
 business the wi-iter called at the well- 
 known house of 
 
 G. p. SCOTT, 
 
 on Shawnee street. The business was 
 established in the spring of 1857 by H. 
 P. Scott. Then Leavenworth was in its 
 swaddling clothes and the business was 
 commenced in a small way in a small 
 room, but the business has kept pace 
 with the expansion of the city and now 
 averages fully $6,000 a year, and in place 
 of a small room Mr. Scott now occupies 
 a fine two stoiy stone front, 24x74 feet, 
 and carries a fine stock of wall paper, 
 curtains, glass, paints and varnishes. In 
 fact, he has a full line of decorating and 
 finishing goods, his average stock being 
 about $4,000. He employs ten experi- 
 enced workmen and during the busy sea- 
 son a larger number. His place is popu- 
 lar with the public and he deservedly 
 enjoys a large and increasing trade. 
 
 THE LUMBER INTEREST. 
 
 The lumber trade is represented in this city by four yards which can-y 
 general stocks, and the following report is made after visiting each 
 yard auid a careful investigation of the stock and trade of each. Th« 
 yard of 
 
 J. TNGEBSOLL 
 
 was established in 1857, and is both the oldest and largest establishment 
 of the kind in the city, and as they do both a local and general shipping 
 trade their business exceeds that of either of the other yards. They 
 carry a general stock, including the different grades of pine, shingle, 
 lath, sash, doors and blinds, mouldings, brackets, etc. They also handle 
 some varieties of hard wood. Messrs. Ingersolls are gentlemen of large 
 experience and broad business views, and having been citizens here since 
 the town was young, as might be expected, they take a lively interest in 
 its development. They said to the writer: " No point in the West offers 
 such advantages for mercantile and manufacturing enterprises as does 
 this city. The abundance and cheapness of fuel alone, to say nothing of 
 the many other advantages, must in the immediate future develope this 
 into the great manufacturing center or the West. All that is needed is 
 active capital and lousiness enterprise." 
 
 ROBERT GARRETT & CO., 
 
 is another lumber firm composed of Robert Garrett and Peter Bubb, the 
 former having been in the business ten years and the latter over twenty 
 years. They cany a full line of jjine lumber, shingles, lath, sash, doors, 
 bhnds, mouldings, etc., also, the different varieties of hard wood, and a 
 stock of the different colors of paints. Their trade for 1879 was about 25 
 per cent, larger than on preceding year. "It is only a question of time," 
 said Mr. (iraiTett, "when Leavenworth will become the gi-eat manufac- 
 turing city of the West ; in fact, it is much the largest in the State now — 
 both in population and manufactuiing, and as the advantages offered here 
 become more widely kno^vn, these industries will increase." 
 
56 The History of Leavenworth. 
 
 A. J. ANGEI- 
 
 haa been in the lumber trade here for ten years. He carries a genera 
 stock of pine, oak, ash, hickory and poplar— including the different quali- 
 ties, also timber, posts, sliingles, lath, sash, doors, blinds and paints. His 
 trade is chiefly confined to Leavenworth. .Tefferson and Wyandotte counties, 
 in this State, and Platte county on the Missouri side of the river. 
 
 SASH, DOORS AND BLINDS. 
 
 Among the largest and most widely-known firms engaged in this 
 line of trade is 
 
 MTJNSON & BUHKOWS, 
 
 whose factory and warehouse are located on Choctaw street, between Fouilh 
 and Fifth streets. They commenced business in a small way in 1864. and 
 they now employ forty men, and do an average business of over $100,000 
 per annum. They are manufacturers of, and dealei-s in. the different vaiie- 
 ties of sash, doors, bhnds. stairs, stair railing, balusters, Newell posts, 
 mouldings, etc. They also handle a full line of pine and hardwood lumber. 
 ITieir trade has had "a healthy increase from the start, and is now in a 
 highly prosperous condition. Mr. Munson has been a citizen of this city 
 since 1858, previous to winch, he Uved in Springfield, Mass. Mr. Buitows 
 was formerly in business in Detroit. Mich., but came to this citj- in 1H64, 
 when the present house was organized and commenced business. Said 
 Mr. Munson : "Some of our business men in years past, became fright- 
 ened and deserted us, but those who stayed, are to-day, idl prosperous." 
 
 LEAVENWORTH NOVELTY WORKS. 
 
 FOLGER & FAIKBANK, 
 
 situated at 114 and 116 Delaware street, established in 1870, and the onlv 
 works of the kind in the State. They are brass founders and manufacture all 
 kinds of brass goods; they are idso model makers, engravers and electro- 
 platers. They employ five men and do a business of over $5,000 per annum. 
 Mr. Folger was formerly in business in Detroit, while Mr. Fairbank came 
 here from England. They are both jiractical worbnen. and have the 
 reputation of turnmg out as good work as any house in the East. In brief, 
 they are skillful workmen and are deser\nng of the large patronage they are 
 receiving. 
 
 GEORGE SMITH 
 
 tame to this city from Kansas City, some eighteen months since, and estab- 
 lished a brass lock factory, for the manufacture of all descriptions of brass 
 and iron locks. It has been a life-long business with him, and as a result, 
 his locks are superior to an>-thing of the kind made in this countrv. It is a 
 valuable industiy to the city, and the public shoiUd extend to Mr. bmith the 
 patronage that his work deserves. 
 
 THE SINGER SEWING MACHINE. 
 
 The "Singer" macliine is represented by James Fan-en, who came 
 here in 1857. and has been agent for the " Singer" for twenty years, and 
 has sold 5,000 machines — his annual trade averaging $15,000. He is the 
 oldest sewing machine dealer in the State, and as he handles the old 
 favorite, it is not sui-prising that he is so successful. He keeps four men on 
 the road constantly. He said : "Prospects for business in this city look 
 brighter than for years. Confidence is being infused into trade ; 1 have 
 seen the financial" cloud come and go in this city, and I now think the 
 hard tunes ai-e ovei", and an era of imivei'sal prosperity has dawned. 
 
The History of Leavenworth. 
 
 LEAVENWORTH AS A DRY GOODS MARKET. 
 
 The dry goods interest in Leavenworth is represented bv six large 
 establishments, four of which sell at i-etail and in job lots, and some five 
 or SIX smaller establishrnents — the aggregate sales of all for the year 1879 
 as far as can be ascertained, were $824,000. A few words descriptive of 
 the different houses engaged in the trade, their age. the extent and char- 
 acter of their business, together with the experience, business breadth of 
 character of their proprietors, with their views on the busmess of Leaven- 
 worth, present and prospective, will undoubtedly prove both interest 
 ing and valuable to such as are looking in this direction for business 
 locations or homes. Among the judiciously managed and more prosper- 
 ous mercantile houses in Leavenworth is the well and favorably known 
 establishment of 
 
 GEO. H. WE.WER, 
 
 which was founded by Mr. Weaver some 
 five years ago, and its growth from the 
 start has been healthy and substantial. 
 He combines the wholesale and retail 
 branches, to accommodate, which he 
 occupies two fioors, 24x125 feet, the first 
 being used for retailing and the second 
 for wholesaling salesrooms. His stock 
 embraces a general line of staple and 
 fancy dry goods, furnishing goods and 
 notions, and his books show a business 
 of $1.52.000 for 1879, with a marked 
 increase thus far for 1880. Mr. Weaver 
 is one of Leavenworth's oldest citizens, 
 having resided here since 1857, and for 
 the past twenty years he has been prom- 
 inently identified with the dry goods 
 trade of the city. In 1859 he" became 
 connected with the dry goods house of 
 Watson & Rhinehart where he remained 
 until 1865. when he associated himself as 
 junior partner with Fairchilds & Pierce, 
 with whom he continued until 1875, 
 when he established a house of his own. 
 Mr. Weaver is what would be termed a 
 careful, consei-vative merchant, prompt 
 in his business relations, and most pleas- 
 ing in his address. He is a most uncom- 
 Eromising advocate of Leavenworth interests, and has always contributed 
 berally towards its commercial advancement. In speaking of the 
 present and future business of the city, he said: "There is a general 
 revival of business throughout the country, and it has infused a degree of 
 Ufe into trade not witnessed for some time past. In my opinion business 
 prospects here are more promising than at any other time during the 
 past fifteen years. The agricultural interests are in a healthy condition, 
 and taken as a whole, there is a feeling of confidence on every hand, and 
 unless some unforeseen disaster should overtake the city, I feel that we 
 are entering on an era of great prosperity." 
 
 Every city has its favorite dry goods houses, where the fashionable 
 do congregate to discuss fashion and colors and to buy the latest styles 
 and novelties, and Leavenworth is no exception, as the dry goods house oi 
 
 FLESHER & SCnUNEMAN 
 
 is to this city what Field, Leiter & Co. is to Chicago, i. e., the popular 
 house. This house was established in 1857, and hence is one of the old- 
 est houses in the State. The firm is composed of B. Klesher and Charles 
 Schuaeman, both of whom came to this city at an early day from Europe, 
 
 |C32g):p RY G<p]0 DS;@| 
 
 
o8 The History of Lkavenworth. 
 
 their capital consisting chiefly of a thorough business education and 
 upright characters. They occupy a three-story and basement buildnig, 
 24x11.') feet, using the first floor as a retail salesi-ooni and the second 
 floor for wholesaling, while on the third floor is stored their reserve stocks. 
 They carry the lai;gest stock of staple and fancy goods, furnishing goods, 
 novelties and notions of any house in the State, and their annual sales 
 exceed $100,000, and are steadily increasing. Their stock of dress goods 
 and furnishing goods is especially large, and includes everything in the 
 make-up of a lady's toilet, from a hair ribbon to the choicest velvets and 
 silks. Their high reputation secures to them a large trade on mail order 
 account for piece and package goods. Few have done more towards 
 advancing the mei-cantile growth of Leavenworth than this enterprising 
 finn. 
 
 J. H. FOSTER 
 
 is one of the leading and prosperous dry gooils merchants of this city. 
 He has been a citizen of Leavenworth for fifteen years, the larger poi-tion 
 of the time being prominently identified with the dry goods interest. 
 Previous to his establishing his present business, he was associated in the 
 dry goods trade with the firm of .laggard & Foster. He occupies a fine 
 store on the southwest corner of Delaware and Fourth streets, fronting 
 twenty-four feet on the former, and one hundred and twenty on the latter 
 thoroughfare. In general terms, he carries a full line of staple and fancy 
 goods, notions and ladies' furnishing goods, including all of the latest 
 novelties in that line. He also handles ladies' ready-made suits, suitings, 
 wraps etc. In brief, his is one of the largest establishments of the kind 
 in the city, also one of the neatest, best arranged and best managed. It 
 is one of the fashionable resorts for ladies for securing fine dresses and dress 
 goods. Mr. Foster's business averages about .$7-^,000 a year, and is 
 increasing. He employs fifteen clerks, and as a rule they are kept busy. 
 Mr. Foster in speaking of the city, said: " It has seen its worst days, 
 and is now improving. I, for one, would not exchange it for Kansas 
 City for my business. I have full confidence in the city." 
 
 T. K. FOSTER, 
 
 proprietor of the popular dry goods house on Delaware, l)etween Tliird 
 and Fourth streets, came to this city from Kentucky' in 1861, and that he 
 has been eminently successful, his extensive trade, both in the city and 
 country, fully attests. He canies a large stock of staple and fancy goods, 
 notions, etc., making a specialty of ladies" dress goods and furnishing 
 goods. He occupies two floors 24x100 feet, employs eight salesmen, iuid 
 does a flourishing business. He does Ijoth a retail and jobbing trade — his 
 mail order trade naving increased largely of late. One feature in his system 
 of business deserves imitation : He turns his goods over rapidly — never 
 burdening his shelves with out-of-date styles. In other words, he keeps 
 fresh goods, adhering to the " nimble sixpence " plan in fixing prices. Mr. 
 Foster is a careful business man, of pleasing address and is held in high 
 esteem by the public. 
 
 Duiing our walks and talks among aiid with the merchants of 
 Leavenworth, a call was made at the well-knovni diy goods house of 
 
 FR.\NK SCOTT, 
 
 formerly in business in Milwaukee, where he was held in liigh esteem as 
 an enterprising Inisiness gentleman. He commenced business here in 1864, 
 and he now has one of the finest stocks of staple and fancy goods, notions 
 and furnishing goods, in the city, and transacts a business of about $8."),000 
 a year. His store is a favorite resort, where ladies congregate to discuss 
 fashions and select the latest styles and novelties in dress and furnishing 
 goods. He employs ten salesmen, hence all customers are waited upon 
 without delay, mistake or confusion. Mr. St'ott is a gentleman of quick 
 perception, of easy manners, prompt and relialile in his business relations, 
 and fully understands how to run a dry goods house so as to make it 
 popular with the public. In brief, he is one of Leavenworth's esteemed 
 merchants. He pays special attention to orders from the countiT at low 
 rates. 
 
The History of Leavenworth. of) 
 
 MILLINERY AND FANCY GOODS. 
 
 Anions the more popular places in the eity is 
 
 WINN'S BAZAAK, 
 
 situated at 416 Delaware street, of which T. H. Winn, who was for several 
 years engaged in the diy goods trade at Pekin, Illinois, is proprietor. "The 
 Bazaar" was established in July, 1879, and it has already gained a wide- 
 spread popularity, and secured a trade of fully $18,000 per annum. Mr. 
 Winn carries a full and complete Ime of millinery goods, ladies' funiishing 
 goods, and all fancy goods and novelties of the season, with a full line of 
 notions, table hnen, gents' furnishing goods, etc. It is a Bazaar in fact, 
 and anything you need in the line of notions, fancy goods, furnishing goods 
 or head gear, you can find there, and as a result, it is a place where ladies 
 " most do congregate " to adorn themselves with the latest styles. His 
 stock is so large, so complete, and embraces such a variety of quality and 
 styles, that it is a common saying, when an article is wanted and cannot 
 be found at other stores, '" Go to Winn's and you wdl get it if it is to be 
 had in the city." They occupy a store 22x85 feet and employ six clerks — 
 iill under the immediate supervision of Mr. and Mrs. Winn, both of most 
 pleesing address, and large business experience, and although less than 
 a year here, they have won the contidence and esteem of the pubhc. 
 
 If the reader will make a note, as this work is pei-used, it will be 
 discovered that quite a large per cent, of the solid business men of the city 
 were formerly from th3 New England States, wliich, in a measure, accounts 
 for the unifonn success that has followed the footprints of mercantile and 
 manufacturing coimnerce. Among the number hailing from that direc- 
 tion, and who commenced business here eighteen years ago, is the popular 
 firm of 
 
 STERN & BROTHER, 
 
 who received their business training at Hartford, Connecticut. They are 
 located at 319 and 327 Delaware street, where they occupy two fine stores, 
 22x100 feet each, from which they distribute millineiy, fancy goods and 
 notions, to the extent of $40,000 per annum. They also have a large 
 branch house at Atchison. As an index to their trade it is only necessaiy 
 to state that they employ fourteen persons m their salesrooms ; wlule then- 
 stock compares favorably with that carried by the lai-ger houses in St. 
 Louis and Chicago. " After a business experience here of eighteen years," 
 said the Messi-s. Stems, '' we are entirely satisfied with Leavenworth, both 
 in its present and prospective." 
 
 The Commercial Intelligence Office and Kansas Mercantile Agency, 
 
 of which Col. E. N. 0. Clough is manager and proprietor, stationed at 
 103 Delaware street, was established in 1872, since which time it has 
 steadily grown in popularity and increased in business, until at the 
 present time it has a revenue of $5,000 per annum, and employs 6,000 
 local agents throughout the country. And in the statement that it is 
 both reliable and responsible, we only echo the public opinion. Col. 
 Clough has been a resident of Leavenworth for twenty years, and is the 
 head of the oldest house in that business in the West. He came West 
 from Boston in 1833, and has always been intimately identified with 
 Western interests. He went up the Missouri River as far as the head- 
 waters of that stream at a very early date, visiting what is known as 
 the Black Hills. He took a hand in the war with Mexico, serving in a 
 volunteer regiment from Missouri. He also sei-ved during the late rebel- 
 lion, as Colonel of infantry. He is a gentleman of active business habits, 
 pleasing in his address, and has earned the confidence and esteem oi the 
 public. 
 
60 
 
 The History of Leavenworth. 
 
 Wo prcsniiK' iWw are but few persons in tliis city, outside ^of tln)^ie directly 
 intereste(l, that comprehend the fact that the house of 
 
 STEVENS & GARRIGUES. 
 
 general dealei-s in wagon and carriage hardware, iron, steel, wagon wood work, and 
 hard wood lumber, at ;U Cherokee street, is the most extensive and complete estab- 
 lishment of the kind west of St. Louis. This may seem a bold statement, yet the 
 facts will warrant it. And when we state that their books show an average trade 
 of $140,000 a year, the reader will begin to realize its magnitude. The house was 
 established in 1868 by Mr. Stevens-, who was formerly in business at Toledo, where, 
 as here, he was esteemed as an active, enterprising business gentleman. Mr. 
 Garrigues entered the Krm in 1874. He. too, is a gentleman of experience, with 
 broad and liberal business views. They employ eleven men in the store and two on 
 tne road, and occupy four floors, 50x125 feet, all of which are employed in handling 
 their extensive stock. Thoy carry a full line of hard wood lumber, their yards 
 extending from Cherokee to Choctaw streets. As usual, we asked them their 
 opinion on the future business prospects of the city, to which they responded: 
 " We have an abiding confidence in the continued and increased prosperity of the 
 city. And to prove this, we will say that we investigated the matter carefully, 
 and could see no advantage in locating at Kansas City; hence, we have just moved 
 into, and taken a long lease of this building. 'J'his is certainly atar more desirable 
 place to live than in Kansas City, and we are satisfied it otters far better business 
 advantages." They are general western agents for the Eclipse Fan Blower. 
 
The History of Leavenworth. 
 
 61 
 
 THE WHOLESALE LIQUOR TRADE. 
 
 This branch of mercantile commerce is represented in Leavenworth by 
 
 M. HOFMANN, 
 
 the oldest and largest dealer of that class of goods in the State. He has 
 been in biisiness twenty-thi-ee years, and hence knows the genume from 
 spiuious or " doctored " stuffs that are handled by those who have less 
 experience in the business. Or, in other words, Mr. Hofmann has eai-ned the 
 reputation of handhng honest, pure goods, both of domestic and foreign 
 makes. And in order to accommodate his immense stock, he occupies 
 three floors, 25x100 feet, all of wMch space he keeps filled with the 
 choicest and most popular brands of wmes and hquors. His stock 
 embraces the products of the foUowiug popular chstillenes, of which he is 
 sole agent: "Hermitage," "Kentucky Club," "Anderson." " W. H. 
 McBroyer," and "Nelson & Wellwood," all of Kentucky, and G. Ucken- 
 heiiner, of Pennsylvania. He employs seven clerks in liis store, and three 
 traveUng salesmen, and his trade to-day extends pretty generally through 
 Kansas, Colorado, New Mexico, Nebraska and Missouri, and is still 
 reacliing out into the Western Territories. His sales, for 1879, were 
 ' $22"), 000, which is not far, if any, l^elow any other wholesale mercantile 
 house in the city. Mr. Hofmann is an active, enterprising gentleman, who 
 has always stood shoulder to shoulder with the leading men of Leaven- 
 worth in all entei-prises tending to promote the growth and importance 
 of the cit>'. In response to the question as to his views on the present 
 and future outlook for the city he promptly replied. " In my opinion, 
 Leavenworth lias reached a bed-rock sohchty, and is now building upon a 
 a prosperous mercantile and manufacturing foundation." 
 
 BOOTS AND SHOES. 
 
 THE WHOLKSALE HOOT AND SHOE HOUSE OP CATLIN & KNOX 
 
 was established in 1859, and report says, it is 
 he oldest house of the kind in the State. Be 
 hat as it may, it has outlived all the disturbing 
 nfluences that have surrounded commerce for 
 
 the past twenty years — such as war, panics and 
 lepieciation in values — and to-day is doing a 
 
 jfood, safe business, their annual sales reachmg 
 ibout 1200,000 
 Tliey are located on Main street, adjoining 
 
 the Postotiice, where they occupy three floors, 
 
 22x110, as sales and storeroom. 
 
 ilir Mr lilr ilr Ifl '^^^^^ employ tliree traveUng salesmen. They 
 
 El 11 iiwl fnl HI 'it^tuiy a large general stock of all descriptions 
 
 )t Easteni-made boots and shoes, from the more 
 
 i-ommon to the finest and best, but make a 
 
 ■'pecialy of custoin-made work. 
 
 Owning, as they do, their place of business, 
 buMng exclusively for cash and being nearer to 
 the consumer, this firm claims advantages over 
 houses located further East, doing perhaps, a 
 Ligei: business, but at an expense wliich compels 
 larger profits. 
 
 To their economy in handling goods, the 
 dm ability of then-work and the fairness in the 
 treatment of their customers, they owe their 
 prospevity and the present rapid increase of their business. They are both 
 fmtsrp.'ising business men. and it is to such that Leavenworth owes her 
 present improved condition. They claim that the general business pros- 
 pects of Leavenworth have never been as bright as they are to-day. 
 
0'^ The History of Leavenworth. 
 
 Among the largest and most popular retail houses of tliL* line of 
 merchandise, is that of 
 
 TEMHKKTON & CO., 
 
 on Delaware street, between Third and Fourth streets. Their store is 
 24x125 feet, all available space in whirli is filled with the best and most 
 popular products of the most widely-known shoe factories of the Eastern 
 and Middle States. In fact, they make a specialty of the test goods 
 manufactured, and their large and growing trade embraces the better 
 class of Ituyers. both in the city and c-untry. They buy direct from manu- 
 fibcturers, and have several lines of ladies' and gentlemen's shoes — made 
 especially for their trade. In short, they carry a large and complete 
 stock, have a fine store, a prosperous business, and what is equally 
 impoi-tant to Ijusines** success, an unl)lemished reputation, both in com- 
 mercial luid social circles. Their sales range from $40,000 to $45,000 
 a year, with «i\ averiig-e increase of 20 per cent, per amium. 
 
 KITCUKY & m'nUTT. 
 
 In Mai-ch, last, Messrs. Ritchey& McNutt estabUshed their large boot 
 and shoe house at 818 Delaware street. They have a fine store, tastily 
 aiTanged, ami their stock embraces a full line of hiches', gentlemen's, misses' 
 and cnildrens' boots and shoes — all new and latest styles — the product 
 of the best factories in the country. They have come to Leavenworth 
 to stay, and they say '"if by selling the better class of goods made, at the 
 least money of any house m tlie city will procure us our share of the public 
 patronage, we shall certainly have it. " 
 
 All their purchases are made direct from the factories, so that they 
 may buy ixa low as the largest wholesale house in the country, whereby 
 they can fill orders at wholesale prices. 
 
 They pay particular heed to the wants of each customer, who is sure 
 to leave their house well pleased, whether he or she has made a purchase 
 or not. 
 
 Among the larger and most popular manufacturers and dealers in 
 boots, shoes and leather, is 
 
 FRANK ZII'l', 
 
 who owns the fine two-story brick, 24x120 feet, at No. 404 Shawnee street, 
 in which he does business. Mr. Zipp carries one of the best stocks of East- 
 ern-made goods to be found in the West, and also manufiictures lai'gelv 
 to order. He gives employment to twelve men ; csu-ries an average stock 
 of 110,000, and sells al)0ut $80,000 worth of goods a year. He Ls a practi- 
 cal mechanic, and thoroughly understands the boot and shoe trade, hence, 
 no "Cheap John" goods or shoddy work is allowed on his shelves. In 
 other words, he manufactures and "deals in the best quaUtv of goods — a 
 system that has secured ' for him a large and growing trade, and a good 
 reputation throughout the city and country. He is an old citizen and san- 
 gnine in the opinion that Leavenworth is destined to become the " Lowell" 
 of the We«t in manufacturing. 
 
 .I.\.MK.s L.\NGM()UE, 
 
 manufacturer and dealei" in boots and shoes, has been a resident here 
 since 1856. He occupies a two-story brick, 24x.'")0 feet, employs two men, 
 carries an average stock of $1,500 and does an average business of 
 $3,000. He is an old and esteemed citizen, an experienced workman, and 
 his goods always prove just what he represents them to be. In other 
 words, he is reliable, both as a citizen and business man. 
 
The History of Leavenworth. 
 
 m 
 
 BOOKS, STATIONERY, ETC. 
 
 It was Wendell Phillips, we believe, who once 
 said, "the character and society of any town 
 may be fairly measured by the number breadth 
 and character of its book stores." If that be a 
 fact. Leavenworth is a model city, for certainly 
 she has as large and well patronized book houses 
 as can be found in the West. As a measure- 
 ment of the whole, the wiiter will speak of the 
 largest and oldest in the city — that of 
 
 CKKW & BKOTHEK, 
 
 situated on Delaware, between Fourth and 
 Fifth streets, an engi-aving of which is here- 
 with presented. As will be seen, it is a three- 
 stoiy and basement brick, 24x115 feet. The 
 ground floor is a retail salesroom. Step inside 
 and you will find a large stock of miscellaneous 
 books, blank books, a large line of stationeiy, 
 wall paper, window shades, curtains and cor- 
 nices, oil paintings, chromos, steel engravmgs, 
 picture frames, mouldings, brackets, etc. As- 
 cend the second floor — then- wholesale depart-- 
 ment — and you will find it filled to the ceihng 
 with packages and cases of the goods namecl 
 before, from which orders from the interior are 
 filled. There you -will also find a full Une of 
 druggist sundries. The third floor and base- 
 ment are used for storing duplicate stocks, and packing goods for ship- 
 ment. Outside of staple works, and a full Une of school books, they carry 
 all popular works, periodicals, literaiy papers, and leading daily prints of 
 the countiT. They do a large retail trade, while their wholesale business 
 extends through the West —their sales for 1879 being |13,000 larger than 
 in 1878. Then- large trade is due to the large variety of goods handled. 
 In fact, it has become a common sajang — when one wants an article that 
 cannot be found elsewhere — " Have you been to Crews? " In brief, it is 
 one of the prosperous, solid mercantile houses of the city. 
 
 In response to the question as to their views on the present and future 
 of the city, Mr. J. H. Crew said : " Examples ai-e better than any man's 
 opinion. Look at the facts ; men who have abandoned Leavenworth have, 
 without scarcely a single exception, failed in business and are, to-day, 
 financial vn-eeks ; while on the other hand, those that remained, are as 
 a rule doing a good business and are prosperous. In this practical illus- 
 tration you have my full opinion'" 
 
 At 323 Delaware street, between Third and Fourth streets, is situa- 
 ted the extensive wholesale book and stationery house of 
 
 8AMUKL UODSWORTH & CO. 
 
 Their stock is large and general, embracing everything in the line of 
 standard books, periodicals, school books, blink books, school suppties, 
 gtationerj', wall paper, window shades, cornices, curtains, oil paintings, 
 chromos, steel engravings, picture fiumes, etc. They aiso carry a full 
 line of paper bags, wrapping and print paper. They occupy three floors 
 and basement, 24x120 feet, employ six salesmen in their store and two 
 on the road, and do a large business, which is constantly increfising. 
 They have had twent^y years experience in the business and are well and 
 favorably known. Their trade extends into Colorado, Texas and New 
 Mexico. This is one of the largest houses of the kind west of the Missis- 
 sippi River, and none in the West is more widely or favorably known. 
 They are also large manufacturers of all kinds of bank and country ledgers 
 and books for such purposes. Then- facilities for printing are large and 
 all orders entrusted to them will be filled with promptness. 
 
64 The History of Leavenworth. 
 
 CLOTHING. 
 
 Ocoiip.viii<jr a fiiii; double store, on the northwest corner of Delawarfi 
 and Fourth streets, .">ijxl(Mj feet, is the Oak Hall clothing house of 
 
 CHAS. M. SAIJNGEK, 
 
 who came to this city in 1866. His stock is as large, if not the largest in 
 the city, and includes men and boys' clothing, which he has manufactured 
 expressly for his trade, fine shirts and underwear, which he manufactures, 
 and a fine line of domestic and imported farnishuig goods. His system 
 of conducting the clothing trade has earned for liim a large trade. In the 
 first place, his garments are fashioned in the latest styles and the mate- 
 rial used is of the best, and in the second place, where he retails — for he 
 sells both at wholesale and retail — he allows no garments to go out of his 
 store that do not fit the buyer. Under tliis system one can select a fash- 
 ionably cut suit of clothes, made of good material, at from $10 to $20. 
 equal in all respects to custom made. This system has rewarded him with 
 a trade of over $100,000 a year. He said: "Taking my business, as a 
 basis of opinion, Leavenworth is one of the best business cities in the 
 West." 
 
 JOHN 8ECKLER, 
 
 Eroprietor of one of the largest clothing house, located here in 1857. 
 [e commenced the clothing trade under the firm name of Seckler & Luhn, 
 in I860, and to-day his is among the largest establishments in the city, his 
 sales averaging $4:">,000 per annum. He furnishes employment for ten 
 men, his stock embracing the dirt'erent varieties of the best clothing made, 
 also a full Ime of gentlemen's furnishing goods. In 1880 he commenced 
 the merchant tailoring business in company with his son Oscar, that 
 branch oi the business being conducted under the tii'm name of 
 
 SECKLEK & SON. 
 
 They have as fine a stock of American and European made cloths as can 
 l)e found in the West, and, as Mr. Oscar Seckler learned his trade under 
 one of the best cutters in this (.ountry, it is one of the most popular places 
 in the city for elegantly fitting garments. Tliey make a specialty of 
 wedding and party suits, in which line they are having a large trade. 
 
 GUENTIIEK & M-VCHIN, 
 
 men's fine furnishers and manufacturers of "Tnie Fit shirts" at 305 Dela- 
 ware street, is a finn composed of Will Guenther and Ed. B. Macliin, two 
 enterprising gentlemen, who came to this city recently from Cliicago, 
 where they had ten years experience in the busmess. They are practical 
 in their line of trade, have the genuine Chicago business snap, and are 
 carrying a fine stock of underwear and custom shirts. '1 hey make a spec- 
 ialty of manufacturing to order, and have already secured a large patron- 
 age. Tliey occupy the ground fioor and ])asem"ent. '2'2x80 feet, tlie first 
 Hoor being used as a salesroom, while the basement is fitt«d up as a laun- 
 dry, which, by the way, has the reputation of doing as fine work as the 
 best laundries in Chicago, it bemg conducted on the same system as are 
 the laundries of that city. They are the sole manufacturers of the "Tme 
 Fit Shirt," which enjoys a high reputation among gentlemen who appre- 
 ciate a perfect fitting shirt. The young men have made a wise selection 
 in their business location, as theii- lai-ge trade shows. 
 
 The Commercial Agency of R. G. Dunn & Co. 
 
 was established in this city some eight years ago, and for the past year it 
 has been under the management of S. C. Ashton, who has the reputation 
 of being careful and judicious in the transactions of all ousiness entrusted 
 to him. The business of the agency shows a perceptible increase during 
 the past two years. It has the prestage of being reliable. 
 
The History of Leavenworth. 
 
 65 
 
 CROCKERY, CHINA, GLASS AND SILVERWARE. 
 
 6 biiV. 
 
 only offer equal inducements to Ijuyers as other market centers, in the 
 way of stocks they would draw fifty per cent, more business than they 
 are now doing. We base this statement upon the fact that where large 
 and complete stocks are carried, they are liberally patronized by interior 
 merchants. Take as an illustration the house of 
 
 B. C. CLARK & CO.. 
 
 importers and jobbers of the different makes of crockery, china, glass 
 and silverware, one of the most extensive and prosperous houses of the 
 kind in the country. They have drawn the trade in their direction, 
 simply because they are prepared to accommodate it to the fullest extent. 
 Ami. as a result, their trade extends throughout the West, their stock 
 offering the same advantages to buyers as do the largest houses at the 
 East. In many instances durmg the past year interior mercha,nts have 
 either gone or sent to Chicago or St. Louis for their stocks, except crock- 
 ery, glass and silverware, which they have bought here. Hence, we say. 
 
66 The His tout of Leavenworth. 
 
 if wholesale dealers would imitate the example of Messrs. Clark & Co., 
 and hold themselves ready to accommodate the trade to the fullest extent, 
 the wholesale trade of Leavenworth would increase one-half during (he 
 next year. Tlie enjrraving preceding these remarks is an exterior view 
 of their wholesale house on Cherokee street, which is 65x285 feet. 
 Besides which, they have a second house, 2-")xl50 feet, of three floors, on 
 Delaware street, where they carry an immense stock of all the finer 
 grades of fjoods. This house was established in 1806, and iia present 
 trade approximates $:)00,000 per annum, with a healthy increase. They 
 are both importers and wholesale dealers, and handle a full line of the 
 most popular goo Is in th^ir branch of trade, including; silver-plated and 
 brittania ware, table and pocket cutlery. They are also manufacturers' 
 agrents for Ohio stoneware. They also handle a full line of refrip-ei-ators 
 and ice-boxes, includinjj the "Palace." "Triumph." " Icel)ero'," "Ice- 
 Chest," and "Jewett." all made at Buffalo. They employ fifteen sales- 
 men in the'r stor^ and live travelin<; men on the road. The firm is com- 
 posed of B. C. Clark, H. L. Clurk. C. L. Knapp and J. H. E. Wiegant, 
 all enterpr'.sinjj merchants, who. by competing with houses of the same 
 kind at the East, in the way of stocks and prices, have deservedly secured 
 one of the larprest trades in the West, 
 
 THOMAS LEONARD, 
 
 wholesale and retail dealer in crockery, chinn, silver and g-lassware, at 
 42^ Delaware street, also dates his citizenship back to 1857, previous to 
 which, he was in business in Milwaukee, Wis. Mr. Leonard is a gentle- 
 man of good business views, and as he has been in commercial life for 
 twenty-thr '6 years, the more distant readers of this work may be inter- 
 ested in learning what he thinks of Leavenworth. We give his o^vii words : 
 " In my opinion, the city is improving in its business. Trade in all chaimels 
 is looking up. I, for one, would not change for Kansas City." 
 
 Mr. Leonard occupies a fine store, 54x70, canies an average stock of about 
 $15,000, his sales amounting to about $")0.000. His stock embraces 
 everything in the line of plain and fancy crockery, china, glass and silver- 
 ware, brittania, etc. His stock of fancy vases, lamps and chandeliers, is 
 not surpassed by any house in the West, and right here the writer wnll 
 say, in this line of goods country merchants can do as well here as in St. 
 Louis or Cliicago. They \vill find as large a stock, as great a variety, and 
 the same range of prices as they will in the Eastern markets. Mr. Leonard 
 has been in public life considerable since he became a resident here, 
 having been, for four years — fiom 1870 to 1874 — Sheriff of this county. 
 
 SEWING MACHINES. 
 
 Leavenworth being the chief center for the distribution of sewing 
 machines in Kansis and adjoining States, all of the more popular makes 
 of machines are represented by agencies here. 
 
 THE WHITE SEWING MACHINE, 
 
 which has been growing in public f^ivor for the past three years, has a 
 general dis^trlbiiting agency here, situated on the comer of Sixth and 
 Shawnee streets, which is under the management of S. R. Shepherd, 
 who has been in the sewin? machine bus'ness for the past fifteen years, 
 and he says " Tiik WiinE " is the best and most economical mach'ne in 
 the market, as it combines all of the valuable improvements in other 
 machines besides its own ona-inal patent, which for solidity, simplicity and 
 durability is nnequaled. "Tin-: Wiiitk " has been in the market about 
 four years and they iiave already manufactured and sold over 150,000. 
 There was fifty per cent, increase in the sales of this machine during 
 879. Taa avera^-) uala at this point ia about 500 machines a year. 
 
The History of Leavenworth. 
 
 m 
 
 THE WHOLESALE GROCERY TRADE. 
 
 urTT^rvNv, T\Yr,oR & co., 
 
 the larsrest house ot 
 the kind in the State, 
 and the oldest, was 
 estabUshed in 1864. 
 They employ six trar- 
 ehng salesmen, and 
 their trade extends 
 through Kansas into 
 Colorado,SouthemNe- 
 braska, and to some 
 extent, in New Mex- 
 i(iO. The firm are both 
 old citizens — Mr. Bitt- 
 mmn locating here in 
 1858, and Mr. Taylor 
 in 1859. The former 
 came here from Cin- 
 cinnati, and the latter 
 from New York, and both were engaged m the retail trade, previous 
 to establishmg their wholesale house. Their store is 50x125 — three 
 stories and basement, and their stock embraces a full line of staple 
 and fancy groceries, and their books show an annual business of $1,000,000 
 to $1,200,000, with an average yearly increase of about twenty per cent. 
 Thus it will be seen that their sales exceeds that of any other grocery 
 house in the State. 
 
 Among the wholesale houses doing an extensive business in this 
 city, is that of 
 
 ROHLFING & CO., 
 
 importers and wholesale dealers in staple and fancy groceries, wines, 
 liquors, fruits, cigars, etc., situated on the comer of Third and Cherokee 
 streets. The house was estabUshed in 1858. and is among the oldest and- 
 raost widely known business houses in the West, and we may add — for it 
 is a fact — one of the most prosperous and soUd. The firm were formerly 
 in business in St. Louis, where they were favorably known as gentlemen 
 of business breadth and enterprise. They occupy three floors — 50x125 — 
 employ three salesmen in their store and one on the road, their^annual 
 sales averaging a half milUon dollars, and their trade extending to the 
 mountains, west, and to the Gulf, south. Like all other old residents, they 
 have the faith of a Universalist — that Leavenworth will develop into a 
 great and prosperous business center. 
 
 THE RETAIL GROCERY TRADE. 
 
 In this channel of trade. Leavenworth has as many weU-stocked 
 houses as any city in the West. There are some twenty-four grocery 
 houses — large and small — yet, the puipose of tliis chapter will be served, 
 by mentioning a few of the largest, among which is that of 
 
 MICHAEL PHELAN, 
 
 who commenced the gi-ocery trade on Fifth street, between Shawnee and 
 Seneca streets, in 1864, and where he remained until 1866, when he secured 
 a large store on the corner of Fifth and Seneca. His trade, however, 
 continued to expand to such an extent, that in 1878, he secured two lots, 
 48x125 feet, on Shawnee, between Fifth and Sixth streets, on which he 
 built the fine two-story stnicture he now occupies. The first story front is 
 iron, the second story being of pressed brick, with white stone ti-immings. 
 The block is divided into two stores, communication between the two 
 
The History of Leaven \voeth. 
 
 being by an imposing archway tln-ough the partition wall, near the centre of 
 the building. Both of these stores, as also tlie basement, is occupied by Mr. 
 Phelan. The east store, or right-hand store, as you face the building, is 24x100 
 feet, and is employed in handling staple and fancy groceries, where one of the 
 largest and best selected stocks m the city will be found. The west store is 24x60 
 feet, and is used for handhng provisions, flour and feed. To sum the whole 
 matter up in a nut-shell, it is one of the best buildings on that street, and the 
 most admirably arranged grocery- house in the city. Mr. Phelan intends to finish 
 off the second stoiy for a residence for his family, wliich, when completed, will be 
 commodious and pleasant. The cost of this building, exclusive of the ground, 
 was something over $10,000, but it could not be built at the present time for less 
 than $12,000. Mr. Phelan carries an averge stock of about $H,000, and his average 
 annual sales are about $60,000. He employs five men and two teams, and delivers 
 goods to all parts of the City and Fort. .... 
 
 Mr. Phelan is an enterprising, pleasant gentleman, and when it is stated 
 that he commenced bu^siness here with only $1,500, the conclusion must be 
 that he is an upright business man, who fully understands how to make the 
 grocery trade popular with the public. Be that as it may, he is one of the sohd 
 and highly-esteemed business men of the city. 
 
The History of Leavenwortb. 
 
 S9 
 
 Adjoining Mr. Phelan's is the retail grocery house of 
 
 J. p. MARSHALL, 
 
 who has been a citizen of Leavenworth since 1856, and in the grocery 
 trade since 1868. His store is 25x90 feet, and he carries an average stock 
 of about $4,000. His stock embraces a full line of staple and fancy grocer- 
 ies, flour, feed and pro^^sions. He has a large trade in choice roasted cof- 
 fees. He is a pleasant gentleman to do business with, and is highly spoken 
 of both in business and social circles. 
 
 On the northeast comer of Filth and Shawnee streets, in the old mar- 
 ket house, is situated the wholesale and retail grocery, glassware, crockery 
 and liquor house of 
 
 AUGUST GENUIT, 
 
 who became a citizen here fourteen years ago, and who for the past eleven 
 years has been engaged in his present business. His store is 50x50 feets 
 and he carries an average stock of about $6,000, and his annual sale, 
 ranges from $30,000 to $36,000.' He employs tliree men and one team, 
 and does business on the metropolitan system, liis bemg one of the most 
 popular grocery houses in the city. His motto is " fresh goods, quick sales, 
 at small margins " — a system that has earned for him a large trade, and 
 a popular standing in society. 
 
 ALEXANDER KIRK, 
 
 Retail grocer, and 
 successor to W. S. 
 Gable & Co., situated 
 at 428 and 430 Cher- 
 okee street, is another 
 of the many prosper- 
 ous mercantile houses 
 of the city. This 
 house was started in 
 18 68 by Garret & 
 Kirk, Mr. Kirk tak- 
 ing the entire man- 
 agement in 1878. 
 The establishment 
 nnploys six clerks, 
 !]<4ivery wagons, etc., 
 and do a business of 
 about $75,000 per an- 
 num. During our 
 interview with Mr. Kirk he said : "I would take Leavenworth in prefer- 
 ence to Kan;:?as City for retail trade. 1 looked around considerable and 
 at last decided to settle here, and I have never regretted the choice I 
 made." 
 
 M. E. FRANK. 
 
 General dealer in staple and fancy groceries, canned goods, flour, provis- 
 ions, etc., at 308 and 310 South Fifth street, has been a resident of the 
 city for the past twenty-two years. He has a neat establishment and a 
 good local trade, his sales averaging about $20,000 a year. When asked 
 what he thought of Leavenworth he answered: "'What should I think 
 after living here twenty-two years ? I think it is the best town in the 
 West, the coal interest alone will make this a large city. 
 
 R. Beiga — A general dealer in confectioneries, fruits, nuts, toys, 
 tobacco and cigars, doing business at 310 Delaware street, has been a 
 resident of this city for twenty-five yeai-s. He deals in ice cream, at 
 wholesale and retail, and his parlors are very popular with the public. 
 Mr. Beiga has been in the business twenty years and fully understands 
 how to make that line of business popular. 
 
70 
 
 The History of LEAVENWonrn. 
 
 WHOLESALE DRUGGISTS. 
 
 The wholesale drug interest is represented in this city by three 
 houses. Prominent among these is the active and live drug house of 
 
 THEO. EGERSDORFF.' 
 
 he occupies the two-story and basement structure, forty-eight feel front 
 and ninety feet deep, on the northwest corner of Shawnee and Fourth 
 streets. The corner room on Fourth street is used for a retail store. All 
 the other rooms and basement are used for the wholesale business. This 
 house was established in 1862, under the firm name of R. E. Watson & 
 Co. tMr. Egersdortf assumed the entire management of the business in 
 1864. He employs ten men in his establishment. In addition to this 
 force he has two men "on the road," their tield of operation being Kan- 
 sas, Missouri, Colorado and Iowa. The scientific pharmaceutical knowl- 
 edge shown by this house, its fine business ability, and honorable fair 
 dealing, has made for it a reputation second to no other house in the 
 country. 
 
 ARNOLD & HUNT, WHOLESALE DRUGGISTS, 
 
 are situated on Delaware street, between Main and Second street?. The 
 firm is composed of F. C. Arnold and F. R. Hunt, and commenced busi- 
 ness thrae j'ears ago. They occupy four floors, 24x125 feet, and without 
 foing into details, their stock includes everything generally carried by a 
 rst-class house of that kind, such as di-ugs, medicines, paints, oils, dye- 
 stutfs, chemicals, glass, liquors and wines for medical pui-poses. They 
 do a business of 1 100,000 a year, and it is increasing 26 per cent a year. 
 They speak highly of the business, both in its present and prospective 
 ontlook. Mr. Arnold has been a citizen here twenty years, and most of 
 the time engaged in the drug trade. Mr. Hunt is also an old citizen and 
 an enterprising business erentleman. They employ six salesmen in their 
 store and two on the road. 
 
 On the southeast corner of Delaware and Fifth streets is the finely 
 arranged drug stoie, the engraving of which is here given, of 
 
 GEO. C. VAUGIIAN, 
 
 egtablished in 1871 by B. E. Thompson, who sold the establishment to 
 Mr. Vaughan sometime ago. Without any exaggeration it is the most 
 elegantly fitted up drug store in the city, or as to that matter, in the West, 
 The store is 30x100 feet. The floor is laid in diamond shaped marble tile, 
 the only floor of the kind in the city. The counters, cases, and pannel- 
 
The History of Leaven wouth. 71 
 
 lings for the shelving are all of highly finished walnut, while tlie entire 
 interior has a most inviting, tasty appearance. 'J'he stock carried is 
 general and large, and embraces all goods usually found in a lirst-class 
 drug store, such as imported and domestic drugs and druggist's supplies. 
 Mr. Vaughan is a gentleman of experience and a practical chemist and 
 druggist, and under his, and the previous management, th(i esiabli.'^hment 
 has developed into one of the most popular prescription drug stores m 
 the city. He handles nothing but drugs of ascertained purity and 
 strength, and manufactures his own pharmaceutical preparations, such 
 as elixirs fluid extracts, medicinal sirups, etc., a system which has added 
 largely in extending his trade. 
 
 Among the popular prescription drug houses of the city, where 
 prescriptions are carefully compounded day or ni^-ht, is that of 
 
 M00>' LIGHT, 
 
 situated on Fifth, between Shawnee and Delaware streets. Mr. 
 MoonUght commenced the business in IS'iy, previous to which time he 
 was for three years with Messrs. Campbell & Kendncks. He is of the 
 " manner born " and a son of the present City Marshal, and has resided 
 in Leavenworth for eighteen years. His stock is general, and embraces 
 everything usually found in a tirst-class drug house, which he sells at low 
 prices. He also carries a lartre and very complete line of Homeopathy 
 remedies, his being one of the cliief depots for that class of medicines in 
 the State. 
 
 KANSAS MUSIC EMPORIUM. 
 
 CARIi HOFFMAN. 
 
 In another portion of this work we made the statement that Leaven- 
 worth could point to the largest jewelry and hardware business in the 
 West, .and we will now add that she can boast of the largest wholesale 
 and retail establishment for musical instruments and musical goods of 
 any city west of the Mississippi. This is a pretty bold statement, but it 
 is just as true as it is bold, as the writer has visited every city of any 
 pretentions between Chicago and the Pacific, and in none has he seen a 
 larger or better supplied establishment than that of Carl Hoffman of this 
 city. In fact, it is the supply depot, as it v;ere, for the more popular 
 musical instruments and musical goods for the West. Mr. Hoffman's 
 store is 2')xl'25 feet, and throughout is a pattern ot neatness and elegance. 
 Besides his salesroom, he has a large warehousa on Shawnee street, 
 where reserved stocks are stored. Mr. Hoffman came here from Pitts- 
 burg, Pennsylvania, in 1869, and his trade from that date has shown a 
 healthy growth, until now it averages about $75,000 per annum. He is 
 the sole agent, West, for Chickering & Son's pianos; also for the Wilcox 
 & White and Palace organs, instruments that have no superiors in the 
 world. In brief, his stock embraces everything in the musical line found 
 at metropolitan centers at the East. See inside front cover of this work. 
 
 THE FRUIT TRADE OF LEAVENWORTH. 
 
 A large per cent, of all fruits, domestic and foreign, consumed in 
 Kansas and the immediate territory adjoining are distributed from this 
 market, where that product is handled to a larger extent than at any 
 other point west of the Missouri River. The house of 
 
 FARKELI, BROS., 
 
 which has been in business for the past fourteen years, and who handle 
 the fruits both of this and other countries by car-load lots, have worked 
 up an immense trade throughout the West. In breadth their operations 
 cover the entire fields of fruits, nuts an J conleotioneries. The firm is 
 composed of W. H. and J. H. Fai-rell, both hiiving had an experience of 
 
72 Tee History of Leavenworth. 
 
 twenty-five years in that channel of" commerce. Hence they fully under- 
 stand the obstacles encountered, and the frictions to be overcome in 
 handling perishable goods of that character successfully. Their estab- 
 lishment is commodious and admimbly arranged for the business, and 
 with a full corps of employes carloads are unpacked, assorted, re-packed 
 and shipped to interior points with a most remarkable celerity. In brief, 
 with the prestige of large experience, they have been largely instrumental 
 in developing the fruit trade of the city to its f)resent proportions. In 
 this, as in some other channels of the wholesale trade, where in quantity, 
 quality and prices, stocks offer equal advantages to buyers with other 
 large markets, Leavenworth seldom gets the go-by from Western buyers, 
 for it is no more a fact that supply and demand govern values than 
 that trade will flow in directions where it meets with the best accommo- 
 dations. And the fniit houses here, as also such other branches of the 
 wholesale trade as handle stocks equal to the most extended demand, 
 fully waiTants the opinion that if stocks in eveiy wholesale house were 
 doubled, the demand would immediately respond by a con-esponding 
 increase. In expressing their views on Leavenworth in its present ana 
 prospective, Messrs. Farrell said: "There is a perceptible improvement 
 in all channels of trade. There are no desirable business houses vacant, 
 all are occupied and new ones are being built. Old manufacturers are 
 increasing their productive capacity and new and important ones are 
 locating here. Leavenworth has many elements of advantage not found 
 in other Western cities. The abundant supply of cheap fuel is an advan- 
 tage that no amount of competition can wrest from her. Then again, the 
 social elements, the rehgious and educational advantages, the healthful 
 condition and the beautiful location of the city, are all powerful factors in 
 dniwing people in this direction." 
 
 TOBACCO AND CIGARS. 
 
 As in all other mercantile chnnnels, the tobacco and cigai* trade is 
 represented by as solid and prosperous houses as will be found in the 
 \\ est. A leading house in tliis line, is that of 
 
 ROTHENBKRG & SCHLOSS, 
 
 located at 302 Delaware street, commenced business here in 1870. Mr. 
 Rothenberg was formerly in business at Hartford, Connecticut, while 
 Mr. Schloss was educated to the business in New York, although both 
 gentlemen have resided in Leavenworth for sixteen years. They cany a 
 large stock of cigars, tobacco and smoldng goods generally — handling, a« 
 a specialty, the leading brands of choice cigars made at Cincinnati. New 
 York, and other eastern markets: also, a full line of unported goods. They 
 keep three salesmen on the road, and do an annual business of $125.000 — 
 their trade coveiing a good portion of Kansas and adjoining States. Their 
 ten-cent " Monagram "' " Old .Tudge," and "Hand-made Havana" cigars 
 are favorites in the West ; wliile their popular five centers include " Foun- 
 tain Head " and " Old Rose." 
 
 MILLER & MILLER, 
 
 Who have been citizens of Leavenworth since the days of its infancy, 
 although they established their present business only three years since. 
 They carry a good assortment of cigars, tobacco and smoking goods, and 
 manufacture several favorite brands of cigars. They do a business of 
 .about $3,000 a year, and are Vjoth industrious, entei-prising gentlemen. 
 
 Isaac Reach — General dealer in clothing, gentlemen's furnishing 
 
 foods, boots and shoes, harness and saddles, who does a business of 
 20,000 a year, came to this city from Savannah, Ga., in 1868. He 
 employs five workmen, and makes a specialty m manufacturing tents, 
 wagon covers harness and saddles of all descriptions. He is ener- 
 getic in business, square in his dealings and is deserving of the liberal 
 patronage he is receiving. 
 
f .IS57.3 
 
 fxlM^^S 
 
 4: 
 
 -^-a-^^e:?l:3^^^-^*^ 
 
 si 
 
 !•?• 
 
 « t > i ' ^ 4- 
 
 
 A 
 
 ,^^r 
 
 The Largest and Most Complete House in the West ! 
 
 
 ^^■o^^ 
 
 -]>^<i,^si^-rt,ji^-. 
 
 'Ss 
 
 Besides turning out large amounts of work weekhj for the 'leading 
 
 Railroads of the west, this house has a wide-spread reputation 
 
 for doing evert/ description of Cojnmercial Printim/ 
 
 cheaper and better than any house in the State. 
 
 ||^° Estimates Cheerfully Furnished on all Classes of Printing. 
 
 , MBo Mo MLMTMmMWg 
 
 I'roprietoi 
 
THE LEAVENWORTH TIMES, 
 
 of which D. H. Anthony — than whom 
 no newspaper man West of St. Louis is 
 better known — is proprietor, was estab- 
 lished in 1857. ■ Although astaunch Re- 
 publican journal, in all instances of 
 indecency, rascality and crime, it has 
 invaiiably hewed to the line in the inter- 
 est of the public, regardless of who the 
 chips may strike, or in other words, it 
 does not allow party fealty to stand in 
 the way of exposing political wrongs, 
 crop out where they may, when the 
 interests of the public are at stake. The 
 Times issues a daily and weekly edition, 
 each having a larger circulation than 
 any other newspaper in the State, which 
 shows its popularity and usefulness. 
 The Times building, a fine brick structure, 48x110 feet, three stories 
 and basement, is by far the most admirably arranged and best equipped 
 printing house West of St. Louis. The building extends from Main 
 street through to the Levee, oemg two stories in height on the first-named 
 thoroughfare, and three stories and basement on the Levee. The base- 
 ment proper is employed as an engine room. On the next floor is the 
 book and job office, where five first-class power printing presses, a folding 
 machine and other approved appliances for executing first-class work— all 
 under the supervision of W. C. Hinman— are kept constantly at work. 
 
 On the first floor of the Main street front is the counting room, 
 private office and Ubrary of Col Anthony, stock room and a finely-ai-ranged 
 reading room, the vestibule fronting the counting room being fitted up 
 with racks and tables for that purpose, and on which 'are found all of the 
 more popular publications of the day. The rooms on this floor are 
 admirably arranged and elegantly fitted up and furnished. On the second 
 floor are the editorial and composing rooms. The Ti.mes employs forty- 
 five men, W. S. Burke occupying the editorial chair — a position he has 
 ably filled for the past nine years. Will Van Bentliusen, an experienced 
 journalist, fills the position of night editor, and superintends the tele- 
 graph and news columns. N. B. Pen-y is at the head of the local depart- 
 ment, where he has so successfully superintended the dishing up of 
 local events for the paSt four years. The cash box of the establish 
 ment is under the control of Frank T. Lynch, who has occupied the posi- 
 tion of business manager for the establishment for the past six years, and 
 without the least desire to inflict a puft'on the young gentleman, we will 
 say that the prosperity of The Times is in a large measure due to his 
 careful and judicious management of its finances. 
 
 Terms: — D.\iia' Times, a thirty-two column folio sheet, $8.00 per 
 annum. Weei,y Times, a forty-eight column quarto sheet, $1.25 a year. 
 
The History of Leavenworth. 
 
 73 
 
 HARDWARE AND CUTLERY. 
 
 This interest is well represented in Leavenworth by one of the largest 
 and oldest wholesale establishment of the kind west of St. Louis. We 
 refer to the house of 
 
 J. F. RICHARDS & CO., 
 
 Established by Mr. Richards in 1856, when Leavenworth was in its swad-^^ 
 dling clothes. J. W. Pa,rk, the junior partner, has been identified with 
 the interests of the house since 1867, and a member of the firm since 1877. 
 The house has had a steady growth of business for yeai-s, its sales for 
 1879 showing a large increase over the previous year, and a larger in- 
 crease the present year. They occupy two stores, one at 209 and the 
 
 other at o02 Delaware street, 
 both three story and basement 
 structures. 2-5x12-'") feet. The 
 first is used as a warehouse 
 and the second for whole- 
 saling. Their specialties are 
 heavy hardware, European and 
 American cutlery, nails, iron 
 and steel. They have the 
 largest house in Kansas City, 
 where they also carry a verj' 
 large stock ol' the same line of 
 goods. They are Western agents 
 for the Fairbank's scale, also 
 for Macauley S: Urban burglar 
 proof safes. If one should give 
 ear to the envious reports circu- 
 lated against Leavenworth by 
 some of her Western sister 
 cities, a wholesale house of the 
 business dimensions of Messrs. 
 Richards & Co,"s would be looked upon with astonishment. Leavenworth 
 has never indulged in blowing her own bugle to any extent, notwithstand- 
 ing the fact she has the largest flouring mills, the largest stove works, tli*^ 
 largest wagon factory, the largest hardware house, the largest jewelry 
 house, the most extensive coal mines, the largest furniture houses, and 
 withal, the largest number of solid business men of any town west of St. 
 Louis. But to return to Messrs. Richards & Co., their trade extends 
 throughout the West and is keeping even pace with the growth of the 
 country. And what gives them a prestige, is, they have both the means 
 and ability to supply the demand as advantageously as the larger Eastern 
 houses. 
 
 .T. W^ CRANCER 
 
 Is another of the solid business men of Leavenworth, who scores a mer- | 
 cantile record of twenty- two years in the city. He has watched its de- i 
 velopments from a mere hamlet to a city of 25,000 people, and has always 
 had a shoulder to the wheel of its advancement, and now, as a reward 
 for his fealty, he enjoys a trade of fully $60,000 a year in stoves and gen- 
 eral hardware and a high reputation financially and socially. "You ask 
 my opinion as to the past, present and future of Leavenwosth," said Mr. 
 Crancor. " The past has been a checkered one, prosperity and adversity 
 being about equal in the balance. The past, however, opens a field alto- 
 gether too wide for valuable suggestions at this time. In the present, 
 in my opinion, we are entering a prosperous era, which clothes the future 
 with the most 'lopefnl promises. I have watched the progress of Leav- 
 enworth as closelv as any one, and I do not hesitate in saying that busi- 
 ness prospects to-^ay are brighter than they have been for years. Examine 
 our business interests and you will find that every man who has stood 
 by the town is doing a prosperous business. Sir, there is no better 
 point for manufacturing or merchandizing business in the West than this, ' ' 
 
74 The History of LkaVbnworth. 
 
 FRED A. MILLER, 
 
 hardware merchant, on the corner of Delaware and Firth streets, may 
 not have been the first white man that settled in this city, j-et he must 
 have come pretty near it, as he was here and in this vicinity since 1851, 
 when there was liothinof but a Government post where the city now stands. 
 He was formerly a resident of Missouri, and established in business here 
 in 186:5. Besides his house here, Mr. Miller has an establishment of the 
 same kind in Kansas City. He carries a ^'eneral stock of hardware, build- 
 ers' hardware, tools, nails, {jli^ss, pumps, pump material, etc. He also 
 carries one of the larjjest stocks of wire screen goods to be found in the 
 city. He has an average trade of about $;jO,000 per annum. 
 
 B. S. RICHARDS, 
 
 wholesale and'retail dealer in harness and saddlery goods and saddlery 
 hardware, and now doing a busines-s of from $40,CC0 to $i)0,COO per 
 annum, commenced trade herein 1861. He employs twenty-five men. and 
 mxkes a specialty of handling goods at wholesale, in which departnien the 
 has a large trade throughout the West. Mr. Richards is one of the oldest 
 and most reliable business men of the city, and as his opinion will have 
 weight, we will employ his own words': " In my opinion, an era of pros- 
 perily has set in for our city. The outside world just begin to realize 
 that it is the best point for investing capital in manufacturing enterprises 
 west of the Mississippi River. One thing is certain: all of the substantial 
 business men who staid in the city instead of leaving it when the hard 
 times overtook us, are the i-olid, prosperous men of the city to-day. Leav- 
 enworth has railways enough for its wholesale and retail trade, and as 
 hei manufac taring resources are developed, her railway facilities will 
 increase." 
 
 STOVES, TINNERS' STOCK, ETC. 
 
 G. n. LUDOLPn, 
 
 manufacturer of tin, sheet-iron and copper ware ; also, general dealer in 
 stoves, china and eai-then ware, situated at No. 226 Shawnee street, is one 
 of the pioneer merchants of the city, having come here when one could 
 successfully hunt rabbits in places where some portions of the business 
 heart of the city now stands. He is one of the oldest and best known 
 hardware merchants in the city, and his stock embraces nearly everj'tliing 
 in the hardware and crockeiy line, including glass, crockeiy, cutlerv, etc. 
 His stock of stoves, iron, copper, tin. Japan and marbelized ware is large. 
 He makes roofing, coniices and guttering a specialty, and does all descrip- 
 tions of job work in tin, copper and sheet iron. In brief, he keeps pace 
 with the improvements of the day, and is always ready to supply customers 
 with anything in the hardware line. He employs three men, carries an 
 average stock of about $:^,000, and his sales average about $6,000 a year. 
 An honest heart and ^villillg hands have made made him one of the soUd 
 merchants here. 
 
 Among the well-known business men who came to Leavenworth at an 
 early day, is 
 
 B. KOKMAN, 
 
 general dealer in stoves, hardware, tin, sheet-iron and copper goods, at 
 No. 402 Sha\vnee street. Mr. Konnan came to this country from Poland 
 in 1855, and to this city in 1859 —his capital consisting chiefly of indus- 
 trious himds and an honest, strong heart-. The city was then_ a mere 
 hamlet, where now stands a proud, commercial to\vn of twenty-five thou- 
 sand people, and we find that Mr. Konnan has also undergone a change. 
 He is now the ownier of a fine two-stoiy brick store, 25x65 leet, cai-ries an 
 average stock of $5,000, and sells about $18,000 a year. He manufactures 
 I all kinds of tm, sheet iron and copper goods — making a specialty of roof^ 
 \ ing, gutteraig and all job work, ro which end he employs six experienced 
 workman. In conclusion, we will say: " Mr. Konnan is an enterprising 
 gentleman, who has done his share toward building up Leavenworth." 
 
The History of Leavenworth. 75 
 
 JUUUS MINCKE, 
 
 dealer in hai-dware, is located on the comer of Fifth and Cherokee streets. 
 He came from Germany in 1870, and established lus business the following 
 year. His store is 60x25 feet, and is well tilled with the cMierent kinds 
 and gi-ades of hardwai-e, cutlery, nails, glass, mecham"cs' tools, scales, 
 presses and builders' material. He is also agent for the celebrated "Bos- 
 ton " tools. His motto has been " quick sales and small profits,"' and by 
 fair dealing and strict attention to business, he has built up a retail trade 
 of $20,000. 
 
 FIRE ARMS AND SPORTING GOODS. 
 
 JOHN BIKINGKR, 
 
 manufacturer of all kinds of fire arms, and general dealer in sporting 
 goods, including the different makes of rifles, shot-guns, pistols, am- 
 munition, fishing tackle, etc. — in fact, his stock includes jill articles 
 in the sporting goods line. Mr. Biringer commenced trade here about 
 twenty-one years ago, previous to which time he was in the same 
 line of business in Philadelphia. He sells goods at the same range of 
 prices as charged in St. Louis or Chicago. 
 
 PHOTOGRAPHIC ARTIST. 
 
 As the good book says, "their name is legion," but artists that have 
 made it a life-time study are not legion ._ There are plenty in the profes- 
 sion who can take the different kinds of pictures legardless of their simi- 
 ■ larity to the subject, but those who cari portray on the card-board the 
 likeliness of a person, are few. What we mean by the likeliness is this: 
 the n-'tural expression of the face, the natural and easy position of the 
 body, also the true expression of the eyes; then combined with all this, 
 the finishing process is what constitutes the true artistic skill. Now, in 
 order to do this work successfully, one must, in the first place, l3e a natural 
 artist, then it takes long years of study and practical experience to be 
 master of the business. Mr. Henry, who has been in Leavenworth for 
 th? past fourteen years, and is located at 322 Delaware street, we find is 
 a natural artist, and has made it a life study. In all the arts in this and 
 the Old World the progress in this art has been second to none of the 
 others; and. judging from the interior of Mr. Henry's studio, we find he 
 has kept pace with the times. He has the sole right in Leavenworth for 
 the lightning negative process, which is very desirable for those who 
 wish to have pictures of small children, as it only takes two seconds for 
 a negative. He also makes a specialty of the celebrated panel photo- 
 graphs, which are so popular at the present time. In order to maintain 
 his well-earned reputation for doing the best work in the West, he has 
 engaged one of the best artists from the East, who has been with him for 
 over a year, and he does not have to send his work away to have it 
 retoucher . We would say in closing: for first-class work and reasonable 
 prices, call on Mr. Henry at his old stand. 
 
 FLOWERS, BOUQUETS, ETC. 
 
 n. S. NORTON. 
 
 We find that Mr. Norton came here in 1872, and has had eight years' 
 experience in the business. He has three large gi-eer.-houses, two of them 
 be'ng 11x75 feet, and the third 18x50 feet. His slock includes all kinds 
 of green-house plants, roses, bulbs, etc., and he is prepared to furnish 
 boquets, wreaths, crosses, and in fact every description of cut flowers at 
 short notice. His grounds are located on the comer of Cherokee and 
 Second sti-eets. 
 
76 
 
 The History of Leavenworth. 
 
 WHOLESALE AND RETAIL FRUIT HOUSE. 
 
 B. M. TANK En, 
 
 General commission merchant and wholsale dealer in domestic and foreig:n 
 fruits, proiidiice, etc., established the business in 1875, although he has 
 been a resident of the city and State for the past twenty-five j'ears. As 
 an index to the breadth of his trade, we will say that he occupies four 
 floors, 25x110 feet, and transacts an aimual business of from $50,000 to 
 f 55.000. He handles on an average 250 car loads of apples a year, his 
 trade extendinof throughout the Western States and Territories. He 
 employs six men. Being one of ihe active, prominent busines men of 
 the city, whose views will have weight, we asked his opinion as to future 
 business prospects, to which he responded: " T think the business inter- 
 ests of Leavenworth are on a solid footing, and based, as they are, on a 
 manufacturing industry that" is growing in importance, the mercantile 
 interests, both in a wholesale and retail way, must increase in breadth 
 and prosperity. As our manufacturing advantages become more gener- 
 ally known, capital will flow in this direction for profitable investment. 
 
 The engraving heading these remarks represents 
 the confectioneiy and fruit house of 
 
 A. BEIGA, 
 
 located at 422 Delaware street. Mr. Beiga has 
 been engaged in the business for many years, and 
 is too well known throughout the entire West to 
 reiinire any comnu'iidatory remarks at our hands. 
 By manufacturing and handling pure, reliable 
 goods, and upright dealing, he has deservedly 
 earned a business and reputation that no amount 
 of competition can wrest from him. His retail 
 tiad-^ extends throughout the city and country, 
 while his wholesale traffic is fo-extensive -wath the 
 Western States and Territories. Mr. Beiga is an 
 experienced, pleasant gentleman to do business 
 with. 
 
 ■ i i » lji 'iL.'.':.''!i!]!!! !ls::::j'' ' i" ii.iiJ i 
 
 At No. 225 Delaware street, is situated the Tnink Factory of 
 
 p. J. FRELING, 
 
 who commenced business here some thirteen years ago, previous to which, 
 he was in business in Chicago. He occupies two floors and a basement, 
 24x95 feet — the first floor being used as a salesroom for trunks, valises, 
 traveling bags, ladies' and gentlemen's satchels and baskets. In brief, he 
 carries a fuUline of the better class of goods usuaUy found in first-class 
 houses of that kind. The second floor is employed a.s a factoiy for trunks 
 and valises, and the basement for storage. Mr. FreUng is an enterpnsmg 
 business gentleman, and he has secured a good trade throughout the AVest. 
 In regard to the future trade ot the city, he said to the waiter: "In my 
 estimation, the future never looked more promising for business than at 
 the present time. 
 
 Winn's BAZAAR~Of which an account is given in another part of 
 this work, is one of the most popular plax^es in the city. 
 
The History of Leavenworth: 77 
 
 HATS, CAPS AND FURS. 
 
 In reading tliis work it will be seen that a lai'ge per cent, of the 
 
 grosperous business men of Leaveuwoi-fh have been citizens of the place 
 •om ten to twenty-five years. 
 
 MK. PH. UUrilSCUIJvl), 
 
 General dealer in fashionable hats, caps and furs, at 804 Delaware street, 
 is one of the number. He located here in 1855, a quarter of a century 
 ago, and m 1862 organized liis present business, which has steadily 
 increased until the present time, when his sales average about $45,000 a 
 year. He occupies two floors, 25x80 feet, carries a large stock of the 
 different popular styles of hats and caps, keeps two traveling men on the 
 road and his trade extends throughout the West. "Yes," said Mr. 
 Rothscluld, "1 have lived here for twenty-five years constantly; I have 
 stuck to the town through its days of prosperity and adversity; I have 
 always predicted that it would be the largest and most prosperous city in 
 the State, and the present shows that my pi'edictions are realized." 
 
 MISCELLANEOUS. 
 
 M. A. KELLY, 
 
 manufacturer of brooms, and wholesale dealer in broom-corn and broom 
 material, has been m lousiness here for five years, and now he manufac- 
 tures, on an average, sixty dozen brooms per week, for all of which he 
 finds a ready market, and his trade is steadily increasing. His broonis 
 aa'e equal in quaHty to any inanufactured in the country, as he selects his 
 com with great cai-e, and employs only the most skillful workmen. He 
 uses about forty tons of com per annum, and gives employment to seven 
 men. He said: " 1 tliink the town is improving. It is much better for 
 my business than when 1 first came here." 
 
 JAMES FOLEY 
 
 commenced business here in 1876. He is a plumber, gas and steam fitter, 
 and has a high reputation. Mr. Foley has devoted his life thus far to the 
 ti-ade, and to meet the demand, employs six rehable workmen, and does 
 an average business of $8,000 a year. He also deals largely in pumps, 
 lead and wrought-iron pipe, brass-work, gas fixtures, bath tubs, wash 
 basins, Idtchen sinks, rubber hose, etc. He makes a specialty of fitting 
 buildings with water, gas and steam pipes, and furnishes estimates for 
 parties in city or countiy when desired. His store is at 220 Delaware 
 street, and is 25x80 feet. He said: "1 was in business at Atchison for 
 some tune, but I find Leavenworh a far better town for trade. ' ' Mr. Foley is 
 agent for and handles the " Victor " self-goveiTung wind mill — one of the 
 best in use. He also handles lightning rods, and fills orders both for city 
 and countiy. 
 
 OEOKGE A. FOY, 
 
 dealer in new and second-hand furniture, and all kinds of house furnish- 
 ing goods, came to Leavenworth in 1857 and estabhshed his present busi- 
 ness. He is located at 202, 204 and 206 North Fifth street — his store 
 being 60x55. Although he handles second-hand goods, he also has facil- 
 ities for buying and selling everythuig in the line of new fumiture, and 
 does so at prices that defy competition. His stock of goods comprise every- 
 thing that is necessary to the furnishing of a house in the line of stoves, 
 crockery, glassware, and a full line of carpetings. 
 
 J. F. Brink — General dealer in toys, school books and stationery, on 
 North Fifth street, between Shawnee and Seneca streets, carries a fine 
 stock and is doing a good business. 
 
78 The History of LvAVENWoRrn. 
 
 HERMAN RICHTER, 
 
 dealer in furniture, window shades, and upholsterer, commenced business 
 here in 1878, pre\ious to which time, for sixteen years, he was engaged in 
 the same business in Chicago. He occupies three flooi-s, 22x100 feet, and 
 employs six skilled workmen, and his trade in 1879 reached $6,000. He is 
 a young man possessing those elements of energ}' and industry so neces- 
 sary to success. He cairies a full stock of goods in his hue, and makes a 
 specialty of custom work. 
 
 HENUY DECKELMAN, 
 
 jeweler at 226 Delaware street, dates his citizenship here back twenty- 
 three years. He occupies a store 22x80 feet, has a well selected stock of 
 jewelry, watches, etc. He manufactures and repairs, in which line he 
 enjoys ahigh reputation. He makes a specialty of the " Boss Filled (^ase," 
 and does a business of al)Out tii=50.000 per annum. He said : "1 liave full 
 fiiith in the prosperity of Leavenworth, and have always had, or I would 
 have gone elsewhere years ago." 
 
 CARPET MILLS. 
 
 Leavenworth has a carpet mill, of which John Scott, a practical car- 
 pet weaver, from Scotland, is proprietor, and it is the only establishment 
 west of Philadelphia where two-ply carpets are woven. Mr. Scott has 
 twelve looms, although at the pre.«ent time he only operates two. He 
 manufactures a fine grade of two-ply carpet, and as he competes with 
 Eastern goods, his trade is increasing. This is an industry in which 
 capital could be employed to an advantage ia this city. 
 
 W. D. SKINNER, 
 
 Doaler in all kinds of furniture, 520 and 52B Shawnee street, came to 
 Leavenworth in 1870 from Illinois, A'here he learned the furniture busi- 
 ness. After working at the furniture trade three years, he opened 
 a store for himself, in 1879, and to-day is doing a prosperous business. 
 He buys and sells both new and second hand furniture and household 
 goods of all kinds. He showed the writer a black walnut set for $6.>. 
 that for durability and finish could not be lioughtfor a penny less in Chi- 
 cago. His store is .")0x80 feet, and he buys all his goods in white and 
 finishes them himself. Said Mr. Skinner: " When I came to Leavenworth 
 I had five dollars in my pocket, and to-day 1 am' doing a fair business and 
 own all my stock of goods." 
 
 A GRAVE SUBJECT. 
 
 Tlie mattock, coffin and melancholy grave, are not cheerful subjects 
 to contemplate, and yet, coffins, caskets and undertakers are as much a 
 commercial necessity as anjiliing else in this world; hence, that channel 
 of trade must take its place in this work. There ai"e two undertaker 
 estabhshruents in tliis city, that of 
 
 J. B. DAVIS & CO., 
 
 on Delaware street, between Fourth and Fifth streets which was estab- 
 lished in 1S"J">, being the oldest and largest. Their stock embraces all 
 foods in that line, from the finest casket to the most common bui-ial case, 
 heir facilities and equipages for conductmg funerals, are the best in the 
 West. They do an average business of $fi,000 per annum. They are 
 gentlemen ot broad business views ; they said to the winter : " We think 
 tliis one of the most advantageous points on the Missouri for manufactur- 
 ing and wholesahng. We were here durirg the days of ' Border Ruffian- 
 ism.' and the rebellion, and have watched e\ents during the days of 
 cloud and sunshine, and never saw brighter prospects for the towTi than 
 there aie to-day." 
 
The History of Leavenworth. 79 
 
 AUCTION AND COMMISSION. 
 
 If ever, by choice or chance, the distant reader should visit Leaven- 
 worth, and have occasion to pass down Delaware street, he or she, as the 
 case may be. will be; attracted by the auction sales that occur every day at 
 the establishment of 
 
 D. A. HOOK & CO., 
 
 located at No. 418 on the thorouorhfare named. The business is only 
 about two years old, and yet their sales for 1879 were over $75,000. They 
 handle goods both on commission and at auction. The firm is composed 
 of D. A. and Enos Hook, both of which have a citizenship of twenty-four 
 years, having settled here in 1857. D. A. Hook served the public as 
 United States ^Marshal for nine years, and as City Marshal for five years, 
 while Eno«, his brother, is now tiUino: his second term as Treasurer of 
 Leavenworth county. In speaking of Leavenworth, Mr. D. A. Hook 
 said: " In my opinion, we are entering a prosperous era. At all events, 
 the feeling to-day is better here in Leavenworth than it ever was 
 before." 
 
 E. HENSLEY, 
 
 general commission merchant on Main, between Delaware and Shawnee 
 streets, has been a resident of Leavenworth for twenty-three years. He 
 is a highly esteemed citizen, and as an evidence that lie is reliable, it is 
 only necessary to state that he does a business of $2,500 per month. He 
 handles all descriptions of goods and prodj^ice on commission. He said to 
 the writer: " Leavenworth done business on the 'hot-bed' system until 
 after the war, and since then many have been induced to leave the place 
 owing to high taxes and other causes. We are, however, now growing 
 into a solid business town, especially in manufacturing. There is a 
 healthy and solid improvement prevalent on all sides. The opportunities 
 for the investment or capital here I consider excellent. 
 
 LIVERY AND FEED STABLES. 
 
 THE NEW OPEUA HOUSE LIVERY STABLES. 
 
 of which H. L. S. McLanathan is proprietor, are really the largest and bes 
 arranged of any in the City. Mr. McLanathan has $10,000 invested in the 
 business, has had an experience of thirtyy ears, and hence understands 
 what is required to make an mstitution of that kind popular. His stock 
 includes fifty head of horses, and thirty carriages and buggies. It is a 
 boardinw and sale stable also, and has excellent accommodations for one 
 hundred head of horses. The building is 72x125 feet — three stores — and 
 is admirably arranged. Mr. McL. has some fine turnouts, and makes a 
 specialty of funerals and parties. " You ask my opinion of Leavenworth," 
 said Mr. McLanathan : " I can tell you, in a few words. The prospects of 
 the town to-day are better than they have been for ten years, both in 
 mercantile and manufacturing channels. And until an excellent cUmate, 
 good society and cheap rents, with an abundance of cheap fuel loose their 
 value, the city will continue to expand." 
 
 THE MANSION HOUSE LIVERY STABLES, 
 
 of which W. T. Woods & Son are proprietors, are situated on Shawnee , 
 between Fifth and Sixth streets, were established in 1878. Their stock 
 includes eleven good horses, six buggies and two carriases. They have 
 $:i500 invested, and a trade of about $5,500 a year. W. T. Woods has 
 been a citizen of the city and county since 1866. After locating here, he 
 first engaged in the Uvery business, but aftei-wards turned his attention 
 to farming, which he followed until 1878, when he returned to the city 
 and tbrmed the present co-partnership with his son, who fills the position 
 of book-keeper for Messrs. Keith (fe Heniy, of Kansas City. They combine 
 the livery, boarding and sale of stock, and their establisliment is well 
 pati'onized, and its trade is expanding. 
 
80 
 
 The History of Leaven wort ff. 
 
 THE LIVE STOCK INTEREST. 
 
 There is, ;it the present time, about tj,(JO() head of hojr«, 6,0(X) head of 
 cattle, and about tlie sauic^ number of .sheej) marketed in Leavenworth 
 annually. There are two small stock yards in the city — one on the 
 comer of Broadway ami Shawnee streets, and the other, between Cherokee 
 and Choctaw streets. These yards are arranj^ed so as to comfortably 
 acconmiodate two hundred head of cattle at a tipie. These yards 
 arc o\yned by E. T. Latta. an old stock man, who has been in bu.si- 
 ness since l>^^69. He also has the manafrenient of the .stock yards, 
 which are owned by the Kock Island, and .Missouri Pacific Railways. Mr. 
 Latta is also the proprietor of the feed and sale stables for horses, connected 
 with tha first-named yards. 
 
 MEAT MARKETS. 
 
 .JOHN vol,/,, 
 
 ( >ne of the largest 
 whole.sale and retail 
 dealers in fresh and 
 salt meats in the city, 
 IS located at 7'^ and 
 740 Shawnee street. 
 He has been in bu.si- 
 ness ten years, and 
 his sales averajje 
 about i|J2.'),()00 a year. 
 He furnishes a large 
 amount ot meats for 
 Ft. Leavenworth, also 
 
 for other Covemment posts to the southwest. Mr. Volz was in the same 
 business for ten years in St. Louis, before locating here. His cstabli.sh- 
 inent is the best supplied, and most popular, in the city; and, as are.sult. 
 his ti-ade is rapiilly increasing, in short, it is one of the solid, i)it).speroiis 
 business liouses of Leavenworth. 
 
 .\I.\UTI.V HKLLKK, 
 
 on the comer of Hroadway and Shawnee streets, is another well supplied, 
 popular meat market. The structure is a fine two-story brick, built an<l 
 owned by Mr. Heller, who has been in the meat business in this city for 
 the past thirteen years. His market is one of the finest and best arranged 
 in this city; and. as he handles the best qualities of meat, it is a popular 
 place to buy. He does an average business of about $6,000 a year, and 
 nis trade is increasing from month to month. 
 
 THE MOLINE PLOW COMPANY, Moline, III.. 
 
 manufticturers of the finest quality of cast-steel plows, cultivators, sulkies, 
 harrows and scrapers. 
 
 The Mot.i.NK Sii,kv has made the best record of any sulky ever 
 intx'oduced. 
 
 Catalogues, circulars, price lists and a handsome chromo illustrating 
 the MoLiNK AT WoKK sent free to any address. 
 
 Dealers who wish territory for the best selling implements made 
 should write for terms and prices. 
 
WHOLESALE DEALERS IM 
 
 FRUITS, NUTS # CONFECTIONERY 
 
 Have just received the largest stock of 
 Ever brought to the City of Leavenworth. Try them. 
 
 S. LOEWENTHAL & CO., 
 
 WHOLESALE AND RETAIL 
 
 Dry g^oodS 
 
 Orders by 31aU promptly atterifled to. 
 434 & 426 Delaware St., 
 
 WnOLESALB AND RETAIL 
 
 BOOKS AND STATIONERY. 
 
 433 Delatvare Street, 
 
 Dealer in 
 Cooking and Heating Stoves. Special attention given to Heavy 
 Sheet Iron Work. Manufacturer E. Varney's Patent Gas Tight, 
 Gas Consuming, Sanitary Warrn Air Furnaces. 
 
 No. 321 Cherokee Street, 
 
 XjE^v:E35r"w-oi^Ti3:, - - s:.A-3srsA.c3. 
 
 WHOLESALE MANUFACTURERS OF 
 
 ORIGINAL SULTANA CIGARS 
 
 iVo. 405 Delaware Street, 
 
 LEAVENWORTH COAL CO., 
 
 THE LARGEST AND BEST 
 
 CO^L MINE IN Ki^NSA.S. 
 
 Can furnish Twenty Thousand Bushels of Coal per day. 
 
UNPARALLELED SUCCESS 
 
 WHITE SEWING MACHINE! 
 
 £ CO 
 
 i ^ 
 
 I ^ 
 
 s o 
 
 I ^ 
 
 c Q 
 = Uj 
 
 t °C 
 
 - o 
 
 ^ :^ 
 
 No other machine ever had such a record of popularity. The 
 White stands acknowledged the King of Sewing Machines. Large, 
 light, quiet, swift, strong, durable, reliable, simple, perfect in raichan- 
 ism, scientific in principle, beautiful in finish. 
 
 Beware of bogiis Whites. Beware of Whites with defaced or altered 
 numbers. Buy only of White agents. 
 
 Yon will always regret it if you buy any other machine without 
 first seeing or trying the White. 
 
 Agents wanted. Address 
 
 S. R. SHEPHERD, Leavenworth, Kas , 
 Or, White Sewing Machine Co., Cleveland, Ohio. 
 
 % 
 
 CO 
 
 MOLINE PLOW COMPANY 
 
 moi.in^f;. 
 
 iLi^i>rc)is, 
 
 Hnv« msnufactured nnd sold 40U, 
 000 ot their popular Plows up to 
 Ihix (late. Their Sulky Plow, ai 
 shown at work here, has dis- 
 tHDcPil all competitors in its 
 prnctical workingqualities, light- 
 ness of draft, and simplicity of 
 construction. 
 
 lii>\ihle. Steel Arch, 
 
 Verfical Mi.reinent Axle, 
 Iiiiproved Lever, 
 Shnpliciti/ "/■ Cotintrction, 
 
 l.iyhtnesH of Draft, 
 Adnptahilitjf to nil 
 
 Vonditions of Soil. 
 
 All theqnalitie? aid many others 
 inaUms it the His''T Womkina 
 M'l.KY in nsa. Full r>escnptlTe 
 Circular '^ent fr*'' t' anv a-diren* 
 t)y MOMNE PLOW CO., 
 
 Molina, Illinois. 
 
The History of Leavenworth. 81 
 
 PERSONAL NOTICES. 
 
 CAPT. H. L. BICKPOR^. 
 
 general contractor, is a man who has been for many years prominent m 
 the affairs of the city, and is f^renerally known to the pubhc men of the 
 Sta'e. He has been in the City Council, State Legislature, and has 
 many times been called by his fellow citizens to the discharge of respon- 
 sible public duties, acquitting himself at all times with credit to himself 
 and his constituents. He is an enterprising public-spirited man, and 
 during all the many years of his residence in Leavenworth he has always 
 been ready and willing to take an active part in any public enterprise. 
 
 The Kansas Pump Manufacturing Company, 
 
 on Shawnee street, near Sixtli street, have a large variety of pumps 
 and pump material. 
 
 Parties visiting this City, and desiring to secure pleasant furnished 
 rooms convenient to the business heart of the City, will fmd such by 
 applying to Mrs. M. Heath, at 612 Delaware street. 
 
 NEWSPAPERS OF LEAVENWORTH. 
 
 There are three daily papers printed in this City — two American and 
 one German — and six weeklies, besides several monthly publications, 
 the most important among the latter being the Western Homestead, 
 edited and published by W. S. Burke and D. A. Beckwith, both practi- 
 cal newspaper men of enterprise and ability. 
 
 THE LEAVENWORTH TIMES. 
 
 of which D. R. Anthony is editor and proprietor, ranks both in influence 
 and circulation as the leading Republican organ of the State. The 
 Times owns one of the finest and best arranged newspaper, book and 
 job oflices west of St. Louis. Both the daily and weekly issues of The 
 Times has a larger circulation than any other pubUcations in Kansas. It 
 exhibits more enterprise, is conducted with more ability, and is the most 
 prosperous journal in the West. It is to Kansas and the West, what the 
 Chicago Tribune is to its area of cu'culation. 
 
 THE LEAVENWORTH PRESS, 
 
 an evening daily, of which G. A. Atwood is editor and proprietor, was 
 started in 1872. It is the official paper of the city and county and in 
 a-bility and breadth of character may be classed among the leading Repub- 
 lican prints of the State. Mr. Atwood came to Iowa from Vermont, his 
 native State, in 1867. His 6rst Western newspaper experience was in 
 conducting the Dallas (Iowa) Gazttte, which he bought immediately after 
 reaching that State, and which he edited and published for some four 
 j^ears. In 1871 he disposed of the Gazette and went to Boston, in which, 
 as in other parts of New England, he spent about one year, when he 
 aarain returned to the West and started the Ellsworth Reporter, in this 
 State, which he conducted with marked ability. Under his management 
 the Reporter was one of the most popular weekly prints in the State, and 
 its circulation is said to have exceeded that of any other weekly joumal 
 west of Topeka. After disposing of the Ellsworth Reporter and p revious 
 to purchasing the Press he published the Kansas Monthly. Mr. Atwood 
 is an easy and forcible wi-iter, and under his able management the Press 
 is rapidly increasing the scope of its usefulness. 
 
82 The History of Leaven wokth. 
 
 THE WOKINGMAN 8 KHIENl). 
 
 On the 16th day, of NovcMiiber, 1878, James W. RciuiiiH+on. a 
 practical printer and newspaper man, issued the first iiiunljer of the 
 The Woi-k'niqmans B'rleud. He had the hearty endorsnient of the 
 laboring' party of the city and county, which was very strong. The paper 
 has from that daj' to tliia been growing, both in size and patronage. 
 The paper was small at the beginning, being a five column sheet, but the 
 untiring energy of the proprietor has made it a paying institution, and 
 from time to time he ha^ been compelled to enlarge until now it is as 
 pretty a forty-eight column weekly as one often sees. The paper is well 
 prmted. neatly made up and shows upon its very face the work of a 
 practical man. It is what we term afdmili/ paper, filled each week with 
 the choicest of reading, stones, poetry, condensed telegraphic news, 
 market reports, miscellaneous matter. loeiJ news and editorial topics 
 upon all important subjects. 
 
 APPEAL AND THIRUXE, 
 
 a well printed, forty column quarto weekly, now in its tenth year, is edited 
 and published by P. B. Castle, who previous to engaging in the nwspaper 
 business, was quite prominently connected with the insuran(,'e interests in 
 this State. It is ostensibly an independent sheet, and as such has a large 
 and fruitful field of operations. Independent journalism in this counhy, 
 when conducted with that high sense of honor and dignity that should 
 chai'acterize all neutral prints, must prove prosperous and useful. 
 
 THE KANSAS KKEIE PKESSE. 
 
 Is the only German daily paper published in the State, and of wliich 
 Haberlein & Bro. are editors and proprietors, is now in its thirteenth year 
 of usefulness, it issues both a daily and weekly edition, each having a 
 large circulation. Its typography is excellent, and its management shows 
 breadth of chai-acter and al)ilitv. 
 
 AN IMPORTANT INVENTION. 
 
 One of the most important and useful inventions of the age. is what 
 is Imowii as the French Motor Sewing Machine, recently introduced to 
 the public m this countiy, and for which arrangements have been made 
 for manufacturing in this City by enterprising parties from Chicago and 
 St. Louis. The Leavenworth Timios, in its issue of the .'iOth of June 
 last, in speaking of this new candidate for public favor says : 
 
 " For several days past parties from Chicago and St. Louis have been 
 in the City, an-anging the details i or locating here an establishment for 
 manufacturing what is known as the 
 
 frengh-american motor sewing magiiine, 
 or, in other words, the French Motor for Sewing ]\Iachines of all makes. 
 'The Motor" is an invention of Cyrus and Napleon Du Bniel, of France, 
 and is of recent date, and that it is destined to become a most important 
 factor in the Sewing Machine industry there is scarcely a shadow of doubt. 
 We shall not attempt a description of this important invention, further 
 than to say that it entirely overcomes the ' dead center ' impediment 
 universal in all crank motions; renders it impossible to propel the machine 
 the wrong way; makes the machine run one-hnlf lighter, and increai-es its 
 motion to 1,000 stitches per minute. But (he great importance of the 
 improvement is in the fact that it entirely relieves the opi'rative from all 
 iniuiious effects of muscular strain, so common with the ordinary Sewing 
 Machine. 
 
 '■ ' The Motor ' can be seen in operation at the White Sewing Machine 
 Depot, on the corner of Shawnee and Sixth streets, and as its proprietors 
 have decided to manufacture them here, our citizens should examine its 
 merits, and if deserving of theii" endorsement, should welcome the new 
 enterprise with open aiuus." 
 
The History of Leavenworth. 
 
 83 
 
 STATISTICAL. 
 
 Number of Buildings in Leavenworth. 
 
 The number of buildings within the corporate limits of Leavenworth, 
 on the 1st day of May, 1«80, were 4,686. Of this number, 1,728 are 
 built of brick, stone and iron, and the remamder ot wood. 
 
 The Leading Commerce of Leavenworth for 1879. 
 In compilhig the following statistics, actual figures have in most 
 instances been obtained, and while our aggregates may not be exact to a 
 dollar, for all practical purposes they are correct. 
 
 Sales of Merchandise for 1879. 
 
 n ^„ ., • - - $ 849,000 
 
 Dry Goods, - - - i M 91 R 
 
 Millinery Goods, . " " ; " " " " " ' ^5^407 
 
 Clothing and Furmshmg Goods, ------ ^ta'Zlo 
 
 Boots, Shoes and Leather, -In't^i 
 
 Groceries and Provisions, ai o orI 
 
 Hardware and Cutlery. " " pJ^'V?^ 
 
 Stoves, Tinware, etc., -------- ii(^'i{o 
 
 Musical Instruments, etc., ITx'qTq 
 
 Jewelry and Silverware, etc., ------ fJ^,°'Z\^ 
 
 Crockery, Glassware, etc., 174 oTq 
 
 Fancy Goods, Notions and Toys, Lt' M 
 
 Fire Arms, Sporting Goods, etc., ------ ^^'-^.-^^ 
 
 Drugs, Medicines, Faints, Oils, etc., JaTwli 
 
 Wines and Liquors. .'-".' 87219 
 
 Beer and Ale, - - Qig'viio 
 
 Tobacco, Cigars, etc., - - t^Z-Aq 
 
 Furniture and Carpets, \ „ ", o%'')u 
 
 Agricultural Implements and Seeds, r-J'SI 
 
 Wagons and Carriages, -"""'"" V'7'a^7 
 
 Lumber and Building Matenals, - o'd'l% 
 
 Engines, Boilers, Mill and other Machinery, - - - ^56,4.2 
 
 Elour and Feed, ilill 
 
 Cigar. Paper and Fancy Boxes, i5i'io4 
 
 Barbers' Supplies, - - - f J^'^^" 
 
 Marble, Granite, Stone, etc., qo^ su 
 
 Books, Stationery, etc., 9^791 7 
 
 Fruits, Confectionery, etc., ------- uacum 
 
 Woolens manufactured here, 116000 
 
 Hats and Caps, - - ^Axm 
 
 Sewing Macliines, rI'qII 
 
 Cotton and Paper Bags, onnno 
 
 Soaps manufactured here, , - ^ i«7Q7q 
 
 Hai-ness, Saddles, Horse CoUars, etc., iio'^lq 
 
 Coal and Wood, 2^^,^"^^ 
 
 To^^ $11,043,698 
 
 There are a score or more of industries not included in the above, such 
 as croet weaving, broom making, lock making and brass manulactunng, 
 whei^ we were Suable to secure information as to the amount ot busmess 
 transacted. 
 
 Creative Wealth. 
 
 The wealth created by the manufacturing industries of Leavenworth, 
 for the year 1879, was, in round numbers, two milhon, three hundred and 
 thirty-seven thousand dollars, with an increase ot about 20 per cent, thus 
 far for 1880. 
 
84 
 
 The History of Leavenworth. 
 
 THT BUSINESS INDUSTRIES OF LEAVENWORTH. 
 
 The following is a statement of the number of the different business 
 industries in this City : 
 
 Attornics at Law 48 
 
 Abstract of Title Offices 3 
 
 Architects 5 
 
 Ammunitiou and Fire Arms 2 
 
 Agricuitural Implements 5 
 
 Artists 6 
 
 Banks 3 
 
 Bakeries 7 
 
 Bag Manufactory 1 
 
 Barber Supply Factory 1 
 
 Barbers 16 
 
 Broom Factories 2 
 
 Basket Factory 1 
 
 Books and Stationery 8 
 
 Book Binders 3 
 
 Boiler Works 1 
 
 Billiard Halls 4 
 
 Boot and Shoe Dealers 35 
 
 Box Factories 2 
 
 BUI Posters 2 
 
 Breweries 4 
 
 Beer Bottlers 2 
 
 Brass Foundries 2 
 
 Blacksmiths 12 
 
 Bleachers of Straw Goods 3 
 
 Boarding Houses 23 
 
 Cabinet Makera 8 
 
 Carpenters and Builders 16 
 
 Carpet Mills 1 
 
 Carpet and Oil Cloth 3 
 
 Carriage and Wagon Material 2 
 
 Carriage and Wagon Factories 6 
 
 China and Glassware 2 
 
 Cigar Box Makers 1 
 
 Cigars, Tobacco, etc 17 
 
 Clotliing . . 8 
 
 Coal and Wood 8 
 
 Collar Makers 2 
 
 Cotton Batting Makers 1 
 
 Cora mission Merchants 7 
 
 Contractors and Builders 6 
 
 Confectionery 6 
 
 Coopers 4 
 
 Coppersmiths 3 
 
 Dentists 6 
 
 Drugs and Medicines 13 
 
 Dry Goods 8 
 
 Dyers 2 
 
 Elevators 2 
 
 Engravers 3 
 
 Engravers and Silver Platers 2 
 
 Express Offices 2 
 
 Flouring Mills 4 
 
 Foundries, Iron 3 
 
 Fruits and Confectionery 12 
 
 Furniture Factories 3 
 
 Furniture Dealers 14 
 
 Grain Dealers 8 
 
 Gas Works 1 
 
 Groceries and Provisions 88 
 
 Hardware and Cutlery 6 
 
 Hats and Caps 3 
 
 Hides and Wool, etc 3 
 
 Hot Air Furnaces 1 
 
 Hotels 8 
 
 Harness Makers 8 
 
 Hair Workers 2 
 
 Ice Dealers 7 
 
 Insurance Agents 15 
 
 Insurance Companies, (Fire) Branch 
 
 Offices 43 
 
 Insurance Companies, (Life) 6 
 
 Iron and Steel 3 
 
 Justices of the Peace 4 
 
 Liquor Dealers 10 
 
 Livery Stables 14 
 
 Lumber Dealsrs 6 
 
 Marble Works 2 
 
 Mrttrass Makers 6 
 
 Meat Markets 17 
 
 Mercantile Agencies 2 
 
 Millinery and Fancy Goods 6 
 
 Milliner and Dress Makers 18 
 
 Musical Instruments 3 
 
 Newspapers 7 
 
 Omnibus Lines 2 
 
 Oysters, Fish and Game 4 
 
 Paoking Houses 3 
 
 Painters, (House and Sign) 8 
 
 Pawn Brokers 2 
 
 • Photographers (See Artists) 
 
 Physicians 27 
 
 Planing Mills 2 
 
 Plow Manufacturers .'. . . 1 
 
 Plumbers and Gas Fitters 3 
 
 Printing Houses 9 
 
 Pump Manafacturers 1 
 
 Kailways 5 
 
 Keal Estate Agents 11 
 
 Restaurants 6 
 
 Sugar AVorks 1 
 
 Saddletree Makers 2 
 
 Saloons 48 
 
 Saw Mills... 1 
 
 Second-hand Goods 13 
 
 Sewing Machine Offices 6 
 
 Soap Manufacturers 2 
 
 Sodawater Factories 2 
 
 Stoves and Tinware 8 
 
 Tailor Shops 15 
 
 Telegraph Companies 3 
 
 Telephone Companies 1 
 
 Toys and Fancy Goods 3 
 
 Trunk Makers 1 
 
 Undertakers 3 
 
 Veterinary Surgeons 3 
 
 Vinegar Manufacturers 2 
 
 Wall Paper, etc 4 
 
 Watchmakers, Jewelers, etc 8 
 
 Woolen Mills 1 
 
 ATO R N EY-AT-L A W, 
 
 Gives special attention to the examination of Abstracts and 
 
 Real Estate Titles. 
 
 PF ICE : — 395 Dklawabe Street, 
 
 LeaVKNWOBTH, BlANflAB, 
 
►i|-INDEX:4j^ 
 
 Abemathy, Doughty a Hall 38 
 
 Ansrell, A. J 56 
 
 Arnold & Hunt 70 
 
 :b 
 
 Banks and Banking 31 
 
 Barringer, John 75 
 
 Becker & Linck 52 
 
 Beiga, A 75 
 
 Beiga, R 79 
 
 Bench and Bar 32 
 
 Bittman, Taylor & Co 67 
 
 Brandon & Kirmeyer 53 
 
 Brink, J. F 77 
 
 Brown Medicine Manufacturing Co . 40 
 
 Burdett, Heis & Spooner 53 
 
 C 
 
 Catliu & Knox 61 
 
 Clark, B. C, & Co 65 
 
 Olough, E. N. O 59 
 
 Continental Hotel 54 
 
 Craig, R. B 43 
 
 Crancer, J. W 73 
 
 Orators, John 46 
 
 Crew & Bro 63 
 
 3D 
 
 Davis, J. B., & Co 78 
 
 Davis, W 49 
 
 Deckelman, Henry 78 
 
 Dodsworth & Co 63 
 
 Dun, R. G., & Co 64 
 
 ZE 
 
 Egersdorflf, Theo 70 
 
 zr 
 
 Farrell Bro 71 
 
 Flesher & Schuneman 57 
 
 Foley, James 77 
 
 Foster, J. H 58 
 
 Foster, T . K 58 
 
 Foy, George A 77 
 
 Frank, M. E 69 
 
 Freeling, J . P 76 
 
 <3- 
 
 Garrett. Kobert, & Co 55 
 
 Geuuit, A 69 
 
 Geraughty,P 53 
 
 Great Western Manufacturing Co.. . 42 
 
 Guenther & Machin 64 
 
 XX 
 
 Harrop Grocers' Supply Co 51 
 
 Helmers, H.J 51 
 
 Heller, Martin 80 
 
 Henry, E 75 
 
 Hensley, E 79 
 
 Hershfleld, R. N 49 
 
 Hook, D A., & Co 79 
 
 Hofmann, M 61 
 
 Hoflf man, Carl 71 
 
 Hopkins, L. G — 
 
 I 
 
 Ingersoll, J 55 
 
 :ez 
 
 Kansas Corsett 43 
 
 Kansas Wagou Co 35 
 
 Keith, R., & Co 39 
 
 KeUy, M. A 77 
 
 Keystone Mills 46 
 
 Kirk, Alex 69 
 
 Kanoaa, B 74 
 
 Langmore, James 62 
 
 Latta, E. P 80 
 
 Leavenworth Bag Factory 48 
 
 Leavenworth Coal Co 37 
 
 Leavenworth Novelty Mills 56 
 
 Leavenworth Steam Boiler Works . . 51 
 
 Leavenworth Sugar Co 41 
 
 Leavenworth Woolen Mills 47 
 
 Leonard, Thomas 66 
 
 Ludolph, G. H 74 
 
 Lyon, J 47 
 
 Marshall, J. P 69 
 
 Mayo, Lewis 47 
 
 McLanathan, H. L. S 79 
 
 Miller & MiUer 72 
 
 Miller, Fred. A 74 
 
 Mincke, Julius 75 
 
 MoUne Plow Co 80 
 
 Moonlight 71 
 
 Munsou & Burrows. 56 
 
 Nelles & Weed 50 
 
 Nesbitt, R. H. T 41 
 
 North, S. L. ,& Co 46 
 
 Norton, H. S 75 
 
 T' 
 
 Pemberton & Co 62 
 
 Planters House 54 
 
 Post, M. G 41 
 
 Phelan Michael 67 
 
 Reach , Isaac 72 
 
 Richer, Herman 78 
 
 Richy & MeNutt 62 
 
 Richards, J. F., & Co 73 
 
 Richards, B . S 74 
 
 Rohlting & Co 67 
 
 Kothchilds, Philip 77 
 
 Rothenborg & Schloss 72 
 
 Rush, H. D 44 
 
 S 
 
 Sallinger., Charles M 64 
 
 Scott. Frank 68 
 
 Scott, Geo . P 55 
 
 Scott, John 78 
 
 Seckler, John C4 
 
 Singer Sewing Machine 66 
 
 Skmuer, W . D 78 
 
 Smith, George 56 
 
 Stern Bro 69 
 
 Stevens & Carrigues 60 
 
 T 
 
 Tanner. B. M 76 
 
 -a- • 
 
 Union Machine Co 48 
 
 ■V 
 
 Vaughan, George C 70 
 
 Volz, John 80 
 
 Weaver, G. H 57 
 
 White Sewing Machine 66 
 
 Winn's Bazaar 59 
 
 Woods, W . T .,& Sou 79 
 
 -sr 
 
 Yoakum.W. T 50 
 
 Z 
 
 Zipp, Frank 63 
 
YYYYYYYYYYYY 
 
 J. D. SHAFER. 
 
 0000000000 
 
 OOOODOOOOO 317 Delaware Street OOOOOOOOOO I 
 
 l^EAVEiq-VU-OE-TH, ICA.3SrSA.S 
 
 CJHTCAO-O STE^JVI DYIC AVOK.ICS 
 
 II Y 
 
 PETER Itl^I^IEL, 
 
 EVERY DESCRIPTION OF WORK, 
 
 EXECUTED WITH NEATNESS AND DISPATCH. 
 
 No. 406 Seneca Street, LEAVENWORTH, - KAN. 
 
 Orders by Mail or Express Promptly Attended to. 
 
 GOLDEN BELT ROUTE ! 
 
 leavsuworili to Dsmrm. Earns Din, 
 
 Unio n Pacific Ra ilway, 
 
 Two Daily Trains from Kansas City and Leavenworth to Denver > 
 
 Denver is 114 miles nearer Kansas City bv this line than any other. Both daily trains 
 have the PULLM.\N DAY COACHES AND SLEEPEllS, and run through in 36 hours. 
 .A.11 2PerEOi2.s en roule to I.KADVILLK, GUNNISON, EAGLE KIVEK, TEN- 
 MILE, SILVEK CLIFE, THE SAN JUAN REGION and all other 
 
 MINING POINTS IN COLORADO, 
 
 should go via the Kansas Division of the Union Pacific Kiiihvay. 
 
 -ft-ll ^ersoarxs in poor hcallli or seeking recreation, and all students of nature 
 should take this route to the delightful PARKS, the wonderful CANYONS, the lofty 
 MOUNTAINS, the game-tilled WO()DL.\NI)S, sparkling TKOUT STREAMS and MIN- 
 ERAL SPRINGS, and should pass through the fertile Golden Belt by DAYLIGHT. 
 
 J. H. BROOKS, 
 
 Hat and Bonnet Bleacher, 
 
 CORKER FOURTH AND SENECA STREETS, 
 
 LEAVENWORTH, KAN. 
 
 STBAW GOODS OF EVEKT DE8CBIPTION BLEACHED AND COLORED. PLASTER BLOCKS FOB 
 SALE. ORDERS FROM THE COUNTRY RESPECTFULLY SOLICITED. 
 
 SALE. FEED AND LIVERY STABLE, 
 
 AiN J) CAKiti^vGUi: K.ii;i*osi'roR.-5r, 
 
 S. E. Cor. Third and Seneca Streets. 
 
 Good Family Horses Good Family HorB«8 
 
 A SPECIALTY . LEAVENWORTH a specialty. 
 
 (Established in 1859.) 
 
 N. H. WOOD, 
 
 COUNTY attorneys' OFFICE IH COURT HOUSX. 
 
WHO IS UNACQUAINTED WITH THE GEOGRAPHY OF THIS COUNTRY, WILL 
 
 _ SEE BY EXAMINING THIS MAP, THAT THE 
 
 CHICAGO, ROCK ISLAND & PACIFIC R. R. 
 
 IS THE GREAT COMECTING LINK BETWEEN THE EAST & THE WEST ! 
 
 Its main line runs from Cliicago to Council 
 Bluffs, passing tlirougli Joliet. Ottawa, La Salle, 
 Genesee. Moline, Koclc Island, Davenport, West 
 Liberty. Iowa City, Marengo, Brooklyn, GrinncU, 
 Des Moines (the capital of Iowa), Stuart, Atlan- 
 tic, and Avoca ; with branches from Bureau 
 Junction to Peoria; Wilton Junction to Musca- 
 tine, Washington, Kairfleld, Eldon, Belljnap, 
 Centreville, Princeton, Trenton, Gallatin, Came- 
 ron, Leavenworth, Atchison, and Kansas City; 
 Washington to Sigourney, OaUaloosa, and Knox- 
 ville; KeokuK lo Farmington, Bonaparte, Ben- 
 tonsport, Independent. Eldon, Ottumwa, Eddy- 
 ville, OsUaloosa, Pella, Monroe, and Des Moines; 
 Newton to Monroe; Des Moines to Indianoiaand 
 Winterset; Atlantic to Lewis and Audubon; and 
 Avoca to Harlan. This is positively the only 
 Railroad, which owns, and operates a through 
 line from Chicago into the State of Ivansas. 
 
 Through E.xpress Passenger Trains, with Pull- 
 man Palace Cars attached, are run each wav daily 
 between Chicago and Peokia. Kansas City, 
 Council Bluffs, Leavenwouth and Atchi- 
 son. Through cars are also run between Milwau- 
 kee and Kansas City, via the "Milwaukee and 
 Rock Island Short Line." 
 
 The "Great Uock Island" is magnificently 
 equipped. Its road bed is simply perfect, and its 
 track is laid with steel rails. 
 
 What will please you most will bo the pleasure 
 Of enjoying your meals, while passing over the 
 beautiful prairies of Illinois and Iowa, in one of 
 ourmagniUcent Dining Cars that accompany all 
 Through Express Trains. You get an entire 
 meal, as good as is served in any flrst-class hotel, 
 for seventy-five cents. 
 
 Appreciating the fact that a majority of the 
 people prefer separate aiiartments for diflerent 
 purposes (and the immense passenger business 
 of this line warranting it), we are pleased to an- 
 nounce that this Company runs PuHnmn Palace 
 Sleeping Cars for sleeping purposes, and Palace 
 
 Dinino Cars for eating purposesonly. Oneother 
 great feature of our Palace Cars is a SMOKING 
 SALOON where you can enjoy your "Havana" 
 at all hours of the day. 
 
 Magnilicent Iron Bridges span the Mississippi 
 and Missouri rivers at all points crossed by this 
 line, iind transfers are avoided at Council Bluffs, 
 Kansas City, Leavenworth, and Atchison, con- 
 nections being made iu Union Depots. 
 
 THE PRINCIPAL R. li. CONNECTIONS OF 
 THIS GHEAT THROUGH LINE ARE AS 
 FOLLOWS : 
 
 At Chicago, with all diverging lines for the 
 East and South. 
 
 At ENGLEwoon, with the L. S. & M. S.. and P., 
 Ft. W.&c. U. Rds. 
 
 At Washington Heights, with P., 0. & St. 
 
 At La Salle, with 111. Cent. R. R. 
 At PEORIA, with P. P. & J.; P. D. &E.; I. B. & 
 W.; 111. Mid.; and T. P. & W. Rds. 
 
 At Rock Island, with "Milwaukee & Rock 
 Island Short Line," and Rock Isl'd & Peo. Rda. 
 
 At Davenport, with the Davenport Division 
 CM. &St. P. R. It. 
 
 At West Liberty, with the B.. C. R. & N.R.R. 
 
 AtGRiNXELL. with Central Iowa R. R. 
 
 At Des Moines, with D. M. & K. D. R. R. 
 
 At Council BCuffs. with Union Pacific R. B. 
 
 AtO.MAHA, with B. & Mo. R. R. R. in Neb.) 
 
 AtCOLU.MBUSjUNCTION,withB.,C. R.&N.R.R. 
 
 At Ottumwa, with Central lov^a R. R. ; W., 
 St. L. & Pac. and C. 15. &Q. R. Rds. 
 
 At Keokuk, with Tol., Peo. & War.; Wab., St. 
 Louis & Pac. and St. L.. Keo. & N.-W. R. Rds. 
 
 At Cameron, w-tli H. St. J. R. R. 
 
 At Atchison, with Atch., Topeka & Santa Fe; 
 Atch. & Neb. and Cen. Br. U P. R. Rds. 
 
 At Leavenworth, with Kan. Pac, and Kan. 
 Cent. R. Rils. 
 
 At Kansas City, with all lines for the West 
 andSoLilh'.vcst. 
 
 P^I.t.MAN PAI^ACE CARS are run througrh to PEOKIA, I>ES mOIIVES, 
 COTJNCIl, BLUFFS. K.AN.^AS CITY, ATCIIISOX, and liEAVEN WOK.TH. 
 
 Tickets via this Line, known as the " Oreat Rock Island Route," »re sold by 
 all Ticket Agents In the United Slates and Canada. 
 
 For int'ormatlon not obtaiuable at your borne ticket office, address, 
 A- I£IM:BALL. K. ST. .TOHTSr, 
 
 Gen'l Superintendent. GenT Tkt. and Pass'gr Agt., 
 
 Chicago, Hit 
 
CHICAGO, BURLINGTON & OUINCY RAILROAD. 
 
 Take the BURLINGTON ROUTE, and find TraT- 
 eling: a Lruxury instead of a Discomfort. 
 
 The Chicago, Burlington & Quincy Dining Cars, built by the 
 
 Pullman Company expressly for tliis Line, are proveded with 
 
 all the latest improvements necessary to make them 
 
 ATTRACTIVE AND COMFORTABLE. 
 
 These Cars are used for no other purpose, and are always 
 kept neat and clean- 
 
 The table is looked after by an experienced Caterer, and provided with 
 
 EVERY LUXURY OF THE SEASON, 
 
 And the service is of the best, while the charge is no greater than at 
 the usual Eatmg Station, 
 
 SEVENTY-FIVE CENTS PER MEAI,. 
 
 Central Iowa Railway. 
 
 Short Route between Minnesota and all points South, East and West. 
 
 This Une connects with the St. Louis, Kansas City & Northern 
 RaUway, and traverses the agricultural heart of Iowa — North and South. 
 Pullman Sleeping Cars are run through daily between St. Louis, St. Paul 
 and Minneapolis, via this line; the St. Louis. Kansas City & Northern, 
 and the Chicago, Milwaukee & St. Paul Railways. 
 
 THE CONNECTIONS MADE ARE AS FOLLOWS: 
 
 Ut.—With St. Paul d- Pacific.. 2d.— W\tli Chicago. St. Paul rf- 
 Mivnefiota RaUwaf/n. 3rd. — With Illinois Coif'al. 4th.— With Chicago 
 <£■ Northirestern R. B. 5th — With Chicago Rock Maud <£• Pacific, and 
 Grinnnell cf^ Montezuma Railroads. 6th. — }\'ith Chicago. Rock Island 
 (f: Pncific Railroad. 7th. — With Chicago, BarUngtim d- Quincg; Toledo, 
 Peoria rf- Warsaw, and Indiana, Hlooniington d'- M'a-tern Raihrags. 
 8th. — With Chicago, Rock Island d- Pacific Railroad ; St. Louis, Kansa.<i 
 Citg & Northern Railroad and Chicago, Bvrlington & Qnincy Railroad. 
 9th. — With Wabash, and Chicaqo, Rock Island & Pacific Railroads. 
 
 In brief, it makes close connections with all East and West trunk 
 lines between St. Paul. Minnesota, and St. Louis, Missouri, and is the 
 shortest and most popular rou<e to the summer resoi-ts of the North. 
 
 The main office of the Company is at Marshalltown, Iowa. 
 
 Isaac M. Cxtk, President; D.N. Pickkuing, Superintendent; C. A. 
 Jkwett, Gen. P. T. & F. Agent; R. S. McMurray, Asst. Gen.T. Agent 
 
SIX STEAM POWER PRESSES ! 
 
 Ketcheson's Steam Printing House 
 
 Nos. 102 & -104 Delaware St., 
 
 Leavenworjh, : Kansas, 
 
 IS SUPPLIED WITH 
 
 Greater Variety of Type, 
 
 Better Facilities, 
 
 and Better Worl<nnen, 
 
 IHAN ANY OFFICE IN THE WEST. 
 
 piNE Book and Illustrated f ork a Specialty. 
 
 EVERY DESCRIPTION OF 
 
 Ooniiiiei*cia,I Pr'intiiig', 
 
 Rnilx*oa<l Printirxg", 
 
 County Fair Pi'lntingf, 
 
 Society Printings, 
 
 In fact, orders for everything in the line of Printing done promptly, 
 AND AS CHEAP AS THE CHEAPEST. 
 
 Orders by maii will have our prompt and careful attention. 
 
p D 3 6. 
 
 ' v^ 
 
Established 1856. 
 
 Washington D. Kelly, 
 
 Real Estate Broker, 
 
 S. W. COR. Main and SHAWNEE STREET, 
 
 LEAVENWORTH. KANSAS. 
 
 Jacob Geyer. 
 
 319 Delaware S'Reei, 
 
 Kepbesbnts: — FiBK Association, Philadelphia. 
 New York Undkhwriters' Agency. 
 Mesohahtb' Insurance Co., Newark. American Fire Insor. Co., Philadelphia. 
 
 Commercial Union Insurance Co., London. 
 
 TOUOiT C- X30"U"C3-Xj.A.SS, 
 
 -Mc Attorney and Counselok At-Law, ^^ 
 
 BEAL ESTATE A LAW SPECIALTY. 
 
 PRACTICES IN THE STATE AND UNITED STATES COURTS, 
 
 22s Delaware Street, 
 LEAVENWORTH, - - KANSAS. 
 
 BROWN'S 
 
 piiifii mi ilaaafaifwififl fa. 
 
 LEAVENWORTH, KANSAS. 
 
 Use Western Remedies for Western Diseases ! 
 
 Bro-wii's Vefjettible I_.iver I'ills. 
 The leading remedy for Bilioiis Diseases of the West; cure SICK HEADACHE 
 BILIOUSNESS, CONSTIPATION of the BOWELS and all DERANGEMENTS of the 
 LIVER. They are prepared especially for the diseases of this bilious climate; give them a 
 trial, and you will be convinced that Eastern Pills are not suitable for the West. 
 
 PRICE, ONLY 25 CENTS PER BOX. 
 
 Bro-vvu's Extract of BlaclilDerry and Griiiger. 
 
 A safe and effectual remedy for the cure of DIARRHCE, DYSENTERY, COLIC, 
 BOWEL COMPLAINTS, and all other Derangements of the Stomach and Bowels. 
 Travelers should always have it on hand to prevent diseases arising from impure water. 
 Bro^vii'.s ("ovigli Balsam. 
 
 For the cure of COUGHS, COLDS, BRONCHITIS , HOARSENESS, and all Affec- 
 tions of the THROAT AND LUNGS. 
 
 This heaUng and soothing remedy is the prescription of an eminent Physician, and is 
 offered to the public as one of the best I'emedies for the above diseases . It is composed 
 of Wild Cherry, Ipecac, and other ingredients that are beneficial in all diseases of the 
 THROAT and LUNGS. It produce.^ free expertoration, removes oppression and dilfi- 
 culty in breathing, thus establishing a final cure . 
 
 Bro\vii's Arnica. Salve. 
 
 One of the best remedies for the cure of BURNS, BRUISES, SCALDS, FELONS, 
 OLD SORES, BOILS, PILES, FLESH WOUNDS, FROZEN LIMBS, ULCERS, SORE 
 EYES, and all diseases where a healing Salve is recjuired. The beneficial ettects resulting 
 from the use of Arnica in allaying inflammation of all kmds, healing fresh cuts, bruises, 
 and Indolent sores, is well-known A trial will convince every one of its usefulness . 
 
^ 
 
 
 ^°-^^. 
 
 ^0 
 
 
 0^ ^:> 
 
 
 ^<.^'-'J 
 
 '^J.r<i 
 
 
 
 
 
 A 
 
 ■^ 
 
 ^r' 
 
 
 
 'b V" 
 
 
 b V" 
 
 •n^o^ 
 
 ". -^^0^ ." 
 

 <j. 
 
 ^ -^'^ "^-^^ ^-^^ 
 
 
 
 v^^ 
 
 v/^<b- 
 
 
 <*. 
 
 
 OOBBS BROTHER^V <!,'' 
 LIRRARY BINDING CO.INC.J^v 
 ST AUGUSTINE, ru ^ -$» 
 
 
 "^^ 
 
 
 vl^^', ° 
 
 C"' *