-'v. ->^' a\>' -n, !-■ ' "^■'-.■<''' 'O- ^^ OO' -■',s- .^^ o\' >^^' xC^ -Ci. CO^ -V^- v*^ <■ -<^^ ■^j. V.'- ■^^- >^ vO ■''^> ^^ ''"> .*^ ■^ ■':'. '<:.. V* .•V -^■ '■p ^* Ci. ^,^ N -a ,0 o - .'V- y vV ,r. \ BIOGRAPHICAL AND HISTORICAL ll CYCLOPEDIA OF INDIANA AND ARMSTRONG COUNTIES, PENlSrSYLVA.NIA. PUBLISHED BY eJOHjs^ m:. gresh^m & CO. MANAGED BY SA^MUEL T. ^V\^ILEY, HISTORIAN AND EDITOR. Nos. 1218 and 1220 Filbert Street, Philadelphia. 1891 PRESS OF B RODQCRS PRINTlNa OO. k 04 N. SIXTH STREET, PHILADELPHrA. I I'-'iE'^ PREFACE BIOGRAPHY is not only the most fascinating, but is also the most instructive and popular branch of history. Biography not only pos- sesses the advantages of general history, but often brings to light the springs of great events which, in the comprehensive range of history, would have escaped attention. Biography is the analysis of history ; history is the synthesis of biography. All the great histori.ans in the world have used biograpliy freely in their histories ; and to read history without regard to biography is to make it unintelligible. Biographical history is history by induction, which is the natural and philosophical method. It is far more complete in its scope than the mere chronicling of public events, for in it is contained all the elements of human progress, together with the groupings of history and the minutia of biography. The history of any nation, State or country is best and most forcibly written in the life records of its energetic and enterprising citizens, and the Congress of the United States, in view of this, in 1876, recommended to State and county authorities the importance and necessity of collecting and preserving the histories and biographies of their prominent men and useful citizens. Nothing, however, was done in the counties of the Keystone State toward the collection of biographical history, beyond securing a few sketches of public men who had passed away, until 1889, when the publisher of this work compiled and published the first cyclopaedia of biographies that was ever issued in Pennsylvania. In Indiana and in Armstrong, as in all other counties of this great Union, the present generation has but little history of past generations except what is furnished by tradition, which is the most uncertain and unreliable method in the world of transmitting aiu^estral history. In attempting to rescue from oblivion and divorce from tradition the early 1 PREFACE. history of many of the old and leading families of Indiana and Armstrong counties, the publisher has been well aided by the enterprising and progres- sive citizens of these counties. Cotemporary biographj- has been given in connection with ancestral history, and thus is presented the lives of those in the present, as well as those of the past, who have been instrumental in making each of these two counties what it is to-day — a fitting home for nearly every industry which labor and capital can set in motion, and a land where moral and intellectual progress keeps ])iice with rapid commercial and industrial development. The geological feature has been introduced to give an adequate and correct idea of the great mineral wealth of these counties. The geology given is taken mainly from the volumes of the Second Geological Survey of Penn- sylvania. In the preparation of the historical part of this work over a thousand volumes were consulted in the great libraries of the United States, besides a careful and tedious examination of public records and State archives. On account of limited space many events of local history were condensed from the present histories of the two counties, and the sickness of S. T. Wiley, the historian and editor-in-charge of the work, prevented their verification from court records and other authentic sources of information. In this cyclopedia of biographies we would seek, by presenting the lives of so many Avho have been examples of industry and perseverance in the way of right, to excite to virtue and stimulate to exertion the sons of Indiana and Armstrong counties, and influence them to pursuits that will lead to wealth, fame, happiness and honor, as well as to influence them to lead lives such as will prevent their names from being carried down " the stream of oblivion, and swallowed up in the gulf of unregistered mortality." The Publisher. Philadelphia, Feb. 28, 1891. CONTENTS. INDIANA COUNTY. INDIANA. PAQE Clark, Hon. Silas M 81 Adler,Noah 86 Alexander, Maj. John B. . . . 89 Altman, Washington P 91 Barr, M.D., Robert 92 Barnes, Joseph F 93 Bell, Hugh M 94, 637 Bell, John A 96, 637 Birkman, Maj.Kichard M. . . . 96 Blair, Judge John P 97 j Braughler, C'apt. Adam C. . . . 99 Carpenter, Ephraim .... 100 Clark, Thomas B 100 Collins, AVilliara S 101 Cunningham, Vincent M. ■ . . 102 Cuuniugham, John M 103 Daugherty, "William S 104 Douglass, Frank 105 Drum, Augustus 106 Earhart, Martin 106 Elkin, Hon. John P 107 Empfield, Frank T 109 Hall, D.D., David . • .... 110 Hasinger, J. Clement 113 Hastings, John S 114 Hildebrand, Thomas E 116 Hill, John H 116 Hood, Hon. George W 117 Jack, Summers M 118 Johnston, John A. ..... . 119 PAOE Keener, Frank 120 Kelly, James M 121 Langhara, Jonathan N 122 Lemmon, Charles T 122 Logan, Hon. James A 123 Lowry, Horace M 124 Luckhart, C'apt. Davie A. . . . 125 Mack, David C 126 McGaughey, John 127 McGregor, James 128 Mitchell, William J 131 Moorhead, Fergus 132 Nesbit, C'apt. James S 133 Nixon, Edward 133 Orr, Edwin G 134 Owens, D.D., Eev. Wm. S. . . . 135 Paul, John L 137 Pennington, Edward A 138 Pierce, John H 139 Row, Jonathan 139 Row, George 141 Sansom, Franklin 143 Scott, John A 144 Simpson, David W 144 Sloan, Hon. Hannibal K. . . . 145 Smith, Robert M 147 Snyder, M.S., Ph.D., Z. X. . . . 147 Stanard, Daniel 152 St. Clair, M,D., Hon. Thomas . 152 St. Clair, James 156 Stewart, William M 157 P4GI Stuchul,John T 158 Sutton, Thomas 159 Swigart, Rev. Daniel W. ... Kil Taylor, David Blair 162 Telford, Stephen J 1C3 Thompson, Sylvester C 164 Thompson, Robert .... lii,5, 636 Todd, Hon. James 168 Tomb, D. Harbison 168 Toner, Rev, Adam F 169 Torrence, M,D., James M. . . . 170 Vogel, Edward G 171 Watson, M. C 172 Watt, James M 176 White, Hon. Thomas 177 Wilson, Andrew W 177 McCracken, Lieut, Alexander . 179 Wilson, John R 179 BLAIRSVILLE. Ballard, Augustus M 185 Baughman, Jonah B 186 Berlin, Edward H 186 Black, Robert 187 Carson, M.D., John B 187 Conner, John M 188 Crede, Jr , George W 188 Devers, John H. . . . . . 189 Duncan, William 190 Graff, Paul 191 Harvey, James M 193 7 CONTENTS. PAGE Hicks, Isaac 194 Hill, D.D., Kev. George .... 194 Innes, George W 196 Kennedy, Capt. John P 196 Kiukaid, John M 197 Kinter, J. .\ustin 198 Klingensniith, M D., F S S., Israel P 201 Lowry, D.D.S, 8anmel >S. . . . 203 McCabe, Richard Butler . 203 Mooorhead, Joseph 204 Shepley, A.M., ■Sannicl llowanl . 205 Snyder, Antes 205 StiHey, Samuel D 207 Stitt, Robert G 207 Turner, Lieut. AVilliam L. . . . 208 Wehrle, Richard W 209 Wiley, M.D., D.D., L.L.D., Rev. Lsaac William 209 Wilkin.son, Ijieutenant-Colonel George 210 Wilson, Martin M 213 Wyini, Isaac 214 Knott, Major Wilson 215 Stillinger, Y (!., Rev. J. A. . . 215 SALTSBURG. Ansley, M.D., William B. . . 221 Carson, M.D., Thomas .... '222 C'Uuk, Hail 223 Cooper, Major S.unuel 223 Davis, George B 224 McCauley, Harry K 225 Miller, D.D., Rev. Samuel W. . 225 Moore, James C 227 PAGE Patterson, Martin V 228 Paul, Robert A 228 Kalston, D.D.S., W. < ' 229 Stewart, Robert 230 Watson, James P 231 Wilson, Robert H 231 HOMER CITY. Campbell, M.D.. John Gilbert . 234 Coy, John 235 Evans, Dr. John 233 Moore, Rev. Carle 236 Reed, M.D., Hon. William L.--. 237 St. Clair, John I' 238 Allison, Andrew 239 MARION. Allison, M.D., Ale.'iander H. . . 243 Park, John 244 Thompson, M.D., lion. John Keene 244 AVork, James M 246 CONEMAUGH. BLACK LICK. BURRELL AND EAST AND WEST WHEAT- FIELD TOWNSHIPS. Burrell, lion. Jeremiah Murry . 261 Campbell, (Jen. Charles .... 263 Davis, Richard W. H 263 Kelly, John K 264 Mildren, Kdwanl J 264 Robinson, Robert Sr., .... 266 Rogers, Robert 266 Stonelxick, Alfred K 266 Pound Familv 267 RAYNE, WHITE CENTRE, CHERRY HILL, BRUSH VALLEY, GREEN, PINE AND BUFFINGTON TOWNSHIPS. PAGE Burns, Thomas 275 Campbell, Hon. Joseph .... 275 Creps, Capt. Jacob 276 Hamil, William T 277 Learn, Andrew 278 McElhoes, Richard J 635 Mikesell, Adam K . . . 278 Pilson, John .... . . 279 Shields, J. W 279 Simpson, James 280 Stuchell, Capt. John 281 Williams, Richard \\ 282 BANKS. MONTGOMERY. CANOE. GRANT AND THE MAHONING TOWN- SHIPS. Crawford, Archibald J. T. . . . 635 McEwen, M.D., Christopher . . 286 Morrow, M.D., John AV. . . (i34 Xeal, John 'W 286 Seanor, Hon. N 287 Smitten, Archibald .... 289, 636 Stitler, John F 290 WASHINGTON, ARMSTRONG AND YOUNG TOWNSHIPS. Elder, Robert Y 294 Kennedy, Sylvester C. . . . . 295 Telford, Rev. John Crce . . 296 Carnahan, David Edward . . 296 Young, Hon. John .... . 297 \ V CONTENTS. ARMSTRONG COUNTY. KITTANNING. PAGE Bufliiigtou, Hon. Joseph .... 334 Armstrong Major-General John 338 Arnold, Harry A 339 Aye, Frederick 340 Bailey, W. C 340 Buffington, Joseph & Orr . . 341 Clark, Austin 342 Cochrane, Hon. Samuel B. . . • 343 Crawford, George T 344 Daugherty, George B 346 Doveii^pike, George W 347 Fiscus, William W 348 Fox, George M 349 Goerman, H. Lee 350 Goerman, S. L 351 Hays, H. J. . . -. 352 Heilman Bros 353 Henderson, Josepli B 354 Heni-y, Albert G 355 Henry, Charles Newton .... 356 Henry, Boyd »S 357 Hill, Frank W 358 Johnston, Hon. William Freame 359 Kettl, Rev. Frank X 360 Kline, Dr. Martin Luther ... 360 Leasou, Merion F 361 Leuz, Charles 362 Mayers, Rev. Henry L 363 McCain, James H 364 McCuUough, R. A 365 McNees, George W 365 McVay, Frank B 367 Meredith, Hon. William B. . . 368 Moesta, Frank A 3G8 Oswald, Marshall B 369 Otto, Walter S 370 PAGE Owen, Rev. John W. • .... 373 Rayburn, Hon. Calvin .... 374 Reed, David J ■ 375 Reichert, William H 376 Reynolds, D.D.S., Francis M. . 377 Robinson, Robert A 378 Robinson, William D 379 Eohrer, Hon. John W 380 Schreekengost, A. S 381 Shadle, C. C 381 Sini[>son, John Temple ... 382 i^laymaker, Lieut. Robert S. . . 383 Smith, Robert Walter 536 Sturgeon, Walter J 384 Mercer, Brigadier-General Hugh 385 Potter, Major-General James . 386 APOLLO. Alexander, David D. P 388 Benjamin, Jolm 388 Chambers, James Hutchinson • 389 Cochran, Michael Hermoud . 391 Cochrane, John Q 302 Cochran, Capt. Thomas A. . . 393 Elwood, W. J 394 Fiscus, John M 394 FuUertou, Rev. .lohn (J. A. . . 399 Guthrie, Walter J 400 Haraniitt, Armand C. . . . • 401 Hunter, George M 402 Hunter, ^ViUiam C 402 Hunter, Robert Orr 403 Jack, Samuel 404 Jacksou, Geueral Sauniel Mc- Cartney 405 Kepple, Cyrus J 407 Kii-kwood, James 408 PAGE Kirkwood, Hugh 409 Kirkwood, William T. . 409 Laufnian, W. B 411 McBryar, M.D., William . 412 McMuUeu, P. S 417 McCauley, M.D., Robert Emmett 418 McQuilkin, James D 423 Rudolph, Henry Absalom .424 Smeltzer, H. R 425 Steele, Cieorge W. . . . 42ti. 636 Uncafcr, Henry 426 Whitlinger, Simon S 429 Wliitworth, James S 430 Wolfe, Aiken S 431 Wray, Frank T 431 LEECHBURG. Armstrong, A.M., M.D., John A. Artman, James J. Bole, John S Bowers, Daniel Bredin, Ezckiel . . Dufi; William Robert . . Elwood, Thomsis Jeflerson Euwer, James T Gooilsell, George H. Gosser, Albert M. . Hicks, Capt. Alfred . Hill, Edward Hunter, M.D., Robert P. Irwin, Tliomas M. . . . Irwin, Thouias vStevenson Leech, David McKallip, James A. . . Montgomery, William . Orr, M.D., Joseph D. . . Parks, Jacob H 434 435 4.35 436 437 438 439 410 441 442 445 448 149 450 450 451 452 453 454 455 10 PAGE Schwalm, John 456 Steele, William John 45' Taylor, Millard F 458 Taylor, John . . 459 Thompson, George W 4(50 Townsend, William Peter . . . 461 Van Giesen, Thomas J 4(52 Wanamaker, Martin Luther . . 4(')3 FREEPORT. Craig, James W 466 Edghill, M.D., James 466 Gallaher, James S 467 Guckenheimer, Isaac . . . . . 467 Iseman, Nicholas 468 Long, J. Luther 460 Maxler, Frank 470 Miller, Henry X 470 McCnllough, Hon. J. A. . . . 471 Schwietering Herman H. . . . 472 Turner, Samuel 473 Watt, J. Fulton 474 Alter, M.D., David 475 DAYTON AND PARKER CITY. Adams, Rev. Matthew S. . . . 478 Adams, Edwin D 479 Barr, Capt. Winfield S 479 Beck, J. J 480 Brewer, Samuel H 481 Calhoun, M.D., Noah F. . . . 482 Calhoun, J. K 483 Cooper, George 484 Cooper, J. T 485 Eggcrt, M.D., .ioseph 487 Erviu, S. J 488 Fullerton, Henry Keese .... 489 Henry, M.D., John Allison . . 490 Hoover, M.I)., Albert M. . . . 491 Lias, George W 492 Marshall, Thomas A 493 Marshall, Joseph W 494 Marshall, William 495 Miller, Wesley Wade 496 Milliron, David 497 Morrow, Ephraiin 498 CONTENTS. PAGE Oltinger, Franklin 499 Parker, Fullerton 500 Parker, George 501 Pontius, Augustus T 502 Randolph, Erasmus H 503 Russell, Alexander 504 Sharp, Dr. Joseph W. 505 Smith, John T 506 Tiusman, Oliver 506 Winsheimer, l>r. AVilliani J. . 507 EAST FRANKLIN, PINE, BOGGS. VAL- LEY. MANOR AND KITTANNING TOWNSHIPS. Adams, John 610 Boltz, Henry 511 Bovard, Charles S 511 Cunningham, Jame.s 512 Everhart, Cyrus A 513 Fair, John 514 Frick, Chambers 515 (irahaiii, William A 515 Guthrie, John P 516 Heilman, Samuel 517 lleilman, James 517 Hood, William 518 Logan, John A 519 Luke, M.D., George Washington 620 Mai-shall, Archibald W 621 Mateer, John H 521 MeAfoos, Daniel 622 McClarren, P. F 623 McCollum, ^Villiam 624 M(;Gregor, John B 524 Mergenthaler, Louis 525 Milliken,John 526 Nelson, John M 527 Pepper, Mathias R 527 Ralston, M.D., Robert (i. . . . 528 Reese, Isaac 529 Ross, George 530 Rupp, David 531 Schall, Simon P 531 Schreckengost, Joseph J. . . 632 Starr, Shcdrick A 533 PAGE Stewart, John 533 Warner, Andrew H 534 Wayman, Marcus D 535 Wible, John 635 Smith, Robert W 536 RED BANK. WAYNE, COWANSHAN- NOCK. PLUM CREEK AND SOUTH BEND TOWNSHIPS. Blaney, John A 538 Bleakney, Abraham W 539 Blose, M.D., George A 639 Borland, George G 540 Calhoun, Samuel S. N 641 Cuddy, Johuson C 542 Duff, Rev. David K 543 Findley, Archibald 545 Gibson, Addison H 546 Good, Abraham 547 Gourley, George A 547 Haines, Jacob S 548 Heckman, John 649 Heckman, Jlichael 550 Herron, Margaret Clark . . . . 551 Jones, Stephen 551 Kirkpatrick,John T 552 McAdoo, M.D., Calvin P. . . . 553 McCullough, David 553 McLean, James D 554 Montgomery, Anthony .... 555 Neal, Smith 656 Pettigrew, M.D., John M. . . . 557 Pontius, Wesley 557 Ralston, James S 558 Schrecengost, Emanuel Z. . . . 560 Sloan, William C 560 Smith, Michael J 561 Smith, George J 562 Stockdill, M.D., T. F 563 Marshall, William 664 HOVEY. PERRY. BRADYS BEND. WASHINGTON. MADISON AND MAHON- ING TOWNSHIPS Brown, Eugene L 566 Cathcart, Samuel 566 CONTENTS. 11 PAGE Fowler, James 567 Hamilton, C'apt. J. K 568 Hetrick, Peter C 569 James, M.D., Josepli \V. . . . 670 Jennings, Richard 571 Keener, Nicholas 572 Nolf, Simon 573 Park, Harvey 673 Robinson, Samuel M 574 Robinson, Elislia 575 Schott, John A 576 Shoemaker, Philip 577 Stockdill, John L 578 Taylor, Robert M 578 Tibbies, George JI 579 Tniitt, Alcinus G 580 Wallace, M.D., R. S 580 •■Brady, Capt. Samuel 581 Brodhead, Gen. Daniel .... 582 SUGAR CREEK, WEST FRANKLIN. NORTH AND SOUTH BUFFALO TOWN- SHIPS. Boggs, David C 584 Boney, Samuel C 585 Bouey, Robert W 586 Bo\v6er, Van Buren 587 Bowser, Jacob 587 Bowser, David 588 PIGB Brown, John F 588 Claypoole, David H 589 Claypole, Davitl D 590 Claypool, Henry 590 Cowan, Robert W 591 Easley, James 592 Easley, Casper W 592 Gaiser, Martin 593 Graff, Peter 593 Hall, John A 597 Hawk, John 598 rJack, James S. . King, M.D., Jesse H. Lardin, Robert 600 Leard, William H 601 Maxwell, M.D., John K 001 j Obey, James 603 Williams, John M 603 PARKS. BETHEL. GILPIN. BURRELL. AND KISKIMINETAS TOWNSHIPS. Alms, Henry J 606 Altman, Amos 607 Blyholder, Samuel S 608 Bowman, George 608 Carothers, William T 609 Chambei-s, John S 610 Dunmire, Henry 611 Free, John S 612 Guthrie, William G 613 Heckman, Gideon 614 Hill, Hiram 614 Jackson, James Y 615 Jones, George H 616 Keppel, William 617 Kirkland, John 618 Klingensmith, Henry J 619 Klingeusraith, Josiah W. . . . 619 Kuhns, William K 621 Lessig, Zachariah T 621 599 ^ McAdoo, James 622 599 I McAwley, John S 622 McGrann, Philip R 623 Meyers, Joseph 624 Novinger, Isaac 625 Parks, J. B 625 Parks, Robert 627 Townsend, George 628 Townsend, Absalom K 629 AVilson, John H 630 Wilson, William T 631 Wray, John M • 632 . Wray, Daniel 633 MISCELLANEOUS. Crawford, Archibald J. T. . . . 635 McElhoes, Robert A 635 Morrow, M.D., John W 634 HISTORICAL AND DESCRIPTIVE. Historical sketoli of Indiaua and Armstrong counties 17 Geological and historical sketch of Indiana county 45 Geological and historical sketch of Armstrong county 299 INDIANA COUNTV. Indiana 77 Blaii-sville 181 Saltsburg 217 Homer City 23.S Marion 241 Conemaugh 247 Black I.ick 251 Burrell 25.S East Wheattield 254 West WheatHeld 254 Rayne 209 White 209 Centre 209 Cherry Hill 272 Brush Valley 274 Green 274 Pine 275 Bnftiugton 275 Banks 283 Montgomery 284 Canoe 284 Grunt 285 North Mahoning 285 East Mahoning 285 South Mahoning 285 West Mahoning 285 Washington 291 Armstrong 292 Young 293 ARMSTKONII COUNTY. PAOE Kittanning 325 Apollo 387 Leechburg 433 Freeport 465 Dayton 477 Parker 477 East Franklin 509 Pine 509 Boggs 509 Valley 509 Manor 509 Kittanning . . 510 Ked Bank 537 Wayne 537 Cowanshannoek 537 Plum Creek 537 South Bend 538 Hovey 565 Perry 565 Brady's Bend 565 Washington 565 Madison 565 Mahoniiig 565 Sugar Creek 583 West Franklin 583 North Buflalo 583 South Buflalo 583 Parks 605 Bethel G05 Gilpin 605 Burrell 605 Kiskiminetas 605 13 ILLUSTRATIONS. FAUE 320 \y INDIANA COUNTY. ARMSTRONG COUNTY. PAGE Clark, LL.D.,Hon. Sii,.\s M 82 Court-house and Jail Clakk, LL.D., Hon. Silas M. Uesideuce of ) ... 86 Orr, Gen. Robkrt 338 Normal School Building . . 148 Ruffinoton, Hon. Joseph 331 County Court-house 180 ' <>wen, Rev. John W 373 County Jail 78 i Fullerton, Rev. John Q. A 399 , Hall, D.L). David, . . ^ Mitchell, William J. 110 131 McBryar, M.D., William 412 McBbyar, Mrs. Sarah J 415 McCauley, M.D., Robert E 418 McCauley, Mrs. Martha M 421 Uncafer, Henry 420 GossER, Albert M 442 Wilson, M. M 213 Hicks, Capt. Alfred 446 Young, Hon. John 297 Graff, Peter 598 \ St. Clair, M.D„ Hon. Thomas 152 ■- Watson, M. C 172 i Klingensmitii, M.D., F.S.S., Israel P. 201 , . ^ . -.,. -. .-,.■ ,'v- "c' ---i" -^\- '-v .■'•- '*>;■• -"J- /"■ ^t*- ^'•<>' '^' ■ ■'"'™ ''■^;=' z^-' ■^■j' ■^■•■■' -^'■■' ■'^'"' ■'>■■ ^■*'-- ■<^" '^^" ■^■^^■' <'^" -^-' -r^" ^"^-yv ^:',jiriziizxiizzzzzzzxxiixzxzizxiizziriziizixxirixxrzixxixirix2Xixxx2i^>> aik ifik au ifA K "A" "A" 'A' 'A' M i- ^xxzxzzzZxixzzzzzzzixzxzxzzziziiizzxzzzzzzzzxxirzzzzzzzzxzzzizzzz;^ . ir\.. .■'... . . , , V>H ■■ - ^ 'A' HISTORICAL SKETCH OF Indiana and Armstrong Counties. Pre-hialoric races — Ihe Mound-builders — Tlie Indians — Race history of white pioneers — The Backwoodsmen of the Alleghenies — Irish, German, Scotch, EmjUsh, Welsh and Scotfh-Irish elements and the Backwoods- 711(11 s place in our National Historij — Pcnnsi/lvania — William Penn — Territori/ of Indiana and Armstronr/ counties under Webtmoreland — French and English contest over the Ohio Valley— Early English settle- ments — Struggle of ihe Backwoodsmen and the Eng- lish over the Ohio Valley — Burning of Hannaslown — Pioneer settlements in Indiana and Armstrong — The history, growth and development of these counties — Their future. IT is impossible iu a work of this kind to allot sufficient space for a complete history of the present territory of these two im- portant counties of western Pennsylvania ; yet the publisher has deemed it most essential tiiat some account of the life-story of their ditferent inhabiting races should be given, and tiiat a brief presentation of the salient points of their history should be made before proceeerity inaugurated by these railways. The public-spirited citizens of the county com- menced to develop the coal and invest in man- ufacturing establishments, and the county is now destined to rank high in the State for wealth and manufactures. Within the last year the railway outlook for the county is bright. The Rochester & Pitts- burg R. R. company have surveyed a line from Punxsutawney, via Plumville, Shelocta, South Bend and Apollo, to Pittsburgh. An effort is being made to establish a competing line to the Pennsylvania R. R., and a road has been pro- jected from Clearfield to connect with the Pitts- burgh & Western at Butler, while the American Midland i,ine (an air-line road from New York to Chicago) road, which, if built, will cross the county as far north as Marion. The Homer City & Cherry Tree railroad has been surveyed, and present indications warrant its construction at an early date. Ch'eat Civil War. — Soldiers from Indiana county served in the war of 1812 aloDg the northern lakes, and Indian ians were in three companies of the second Pennsylvania Volun- teers, which fought under Scott in the Mexican war. Daniel Kuhns was killed and James Kellv, William Matthews and Matthias Palmer died in Mexico. William Campbell and Pliny Kelly also served in the Mexican war. When the late war commenced the sons of Indiana were among the first to take up arms in defence of the government, and served with distinction in nearly all of the battles of the Army of the Potomac and under Sherman. Soldiers from Indiana county served in the Ninth Reserves and companies B and E and most of companies A and D of the Eleventh Reserves were from this county. One company of the Twelfth Reserves was recruited near Armagh and thirty men of the Fourteenth Reserve were Indianians. Citizens of the county served in the forty-sixth, fifty-fifth, fifty-sixth, sixty-first, sixty-seventh, seventy- fourth, seventy-eighth, one hundred and third, one hundred and fifth, one hundred and thirty- fifth, one hundred and forty-eighth, one hun- dred and fifty-ninth, one hundred and seventy- 54 GEOLOGICAL AND HISTORICAL SKETCH OF seventh, and two hundred and sixth regiments of Pennsylvania Volunteers. Co. B of the fifty-sixth, Co. A of the sixty-first, Co. E of the one hundred and forty -eighth and companies A, C, D, F, G, H and I of the two hundred | and sixth regiment were recruited in Indiana county. I In 1862, when Governor Curtin called for militia to defend Pennsylvania against Gen. Lee, Indiana county in eight days sent Co. H, of the tenth regiment, four companies of the twenty-third regiment and one independent company to the aid of the threatened border of the State. In 1863, when Lee was marching on Gettysburg, the county between July 3d and 8th sent eight companies into the field, and by the 23d had forwarded six more companies or fourteen companies in all. These companies served principally in the fifty-fourth and fifty- seventh regiments, Pennsylvania Militia, and aided largely in the capture of Morgan in Ohio. Two companies of Indiana county men were mustered into the Union service in 1864 and served nearly one year, doing general guard duty wherever needed. During 1864 fifty men were recruited in the county for the United States Signal Corps. Indiana county's war record of the great Rebellion is one of which she may well be proud, for her sons served faithfully and with honor on a hundred bloody battle-fields where many of them fell to rise no more. Our limits forbid extended notice of their deeds. " On fame's eternal camping grounds Their silent tents are spread, And glory guards with solemn round, The bivouac of the dead." Material Development. — One-third of the 772 miles of territory included in the county, it is said by competent judges, contains coal above water levels. Within the next few years the southern part of the county will be changed from an agricultural section to a great mining region. The coke industry was inaugurated in the county in 1886, by George A. Mikesell, who built ten ovens and then sold them to Jacob Graff and J. M. Guthrie, who increased the ovens to twenty-four in number. They in turn sold the plant to J. W. Moore, of Greensburg, Pa., who organized the McCreary Coke com- pany, whose members are Harry and John McCreary and J. W. Moore. Their works are at Mikesell siding, in Centre township, where they already employ nearly nearly two hundred men. They have fifty oveus burning and one hundred and forty-two more in process of cou- struction. They have six hundred and forty acres of coal besides sevei'al large leased tracts, and manufacture a coke which ranks high and sells readily in the market. The next coke plant is that of the Indiana Coal and Coke company, whose members are Jacob and Paul Graff, J. M. Guthrie, G. W. Hoover, John P. Elkins and John R. Cald- well ; their coke-works are just below the Mc- Creary plant and consist of twenty -four ovens now burning and quite a number in process of construction. They own two hundred and forty acres of coal land and have leased one hundred and sixty-five acres of additional coal territory. They also have mines opened for shipping raw coal. Their coal, like the Mc- Creary vein, is six feet four inches in thickness. A town is rapidly being built at each of these coke plants. The shipping of raw coal has rapidly de- veloped. In 1879 the present Foster Coal company, of Saltsburg, commenced shipping raw coal to Pittsburgh, while in the north- eastern part of the county are the Glen Campbell mines, located on a thirteen-mile branch of the Bell Gap Railroad, and the Passmore Burns and Bryson mines on a sub- branch of the railroad, some three miles from Glen Campbell. They mine the Lower Free- port coal, which is five feet thick in that part of the county. The lumbering interest, which was once the INDIANA COUNTY. 55 leading industry of the county, is still of large proportions and is principally centred at Homer City and on Two Lick creek. At Homer City are large mills operated by J. M. Guthrie, and on Two Lick creek are the mills of the Guthrie Lumber company. These mills cut hundreds of thousands of feet of lumber every year. The finest timber in the county | has been worked up, although considerable quantities yet remain in the eastern and north- eastern part of the county. In Wheatfield township and in Cambria county, Joseph Cramer, who formerly operated several portable saw-mills in Indiana county, is engaged in the charcoal business and makes about 10,000 bushels of that article yearly. At Jeannette, in Westmoreland county, works have been erected to extract the juice of chestnut and chestnut oak woods to be used for tanning purposes, and most of the wood for these works is furnished by Indiana county. Mineral paint beds of exceeding richness are found on Chestnut ridge. Large and prosper- ous glass-works are located at Blairsville and Saltsburg, and the pressed brick-works of the the Black Lick Manufacturing company turn out a brick noted for durability and ex- cellence of manufacture. Standard flouring- mills are located throughout the county, which does not now possess a single brewery or dis- tillery. A large number of wells for oil and natural gas are being drilled in the county. The few furnaces, among which were the Indiana iron- works and Black Lick furnace, have all gone down, but of late some little move has been made to build two or three furnaces near the railroads. The Indiana Chemical company has ex- tensive works at Two Lick, and the straw- board mill of J. W. Sutton & Bro., at Indiana, has a capacity of 5000 pounds per day, while the machine-shops and manufacturing establishment of Sutton Bros. & Bell, of Indiana, supply a large county and State trade, besides making shipments to different parts of the United States, Mexico and South America, Telegraph lines extend along the railways and the principal towns will soon be lighted by electricity, while they seem to have favorable chances to be heated yet by natural gas. The Indiana Telephone company was organ- ized, in 1887, when the parent line was run from Indiana to Marion . It was chartered in 1889 with a capital of $10,000, and has six lines in active operation, running in all over 200 miles, and reaching every town of any size or importance in the county. For much valuable information in regard to early settlers and material resources, we are in- debted to County Surveyer John R. Caldwell. The Press. — In the beautiful Holland city of Haerlem, Laurentius conceived the idea which afterward ripened into the grand art of print- ing. The printing press was introduced into Indiana county about 1814, when James Mc- Cahan established the American, a federal sheet, at Indiana. In 1821 came the Indiana and Jefferson Whig, the first democratic paper in the county. In 1826 the American,, under James Moorhead, became Anti-Masonic and in 1827 was merged into iheWhig. The first paper at Blairsville was The Blairsville Record, which was established in 1827. The following eleven weekly papers are now published in the county : Enterprise, Record, Port Monitor, Democr'at, Messenger, News, Progress, Times, Gazette, In- dependent and Press. Churches. — The Bethel Presbyterian church of Centre township, and Ebenezer Presbyterian church of Conemaugh township were organized in 1790. The following churches of this de- nomination were organized in the years given : Armagh, 1792 ; Saltsburg, 1796 ; Indiana, 1807; Gilgal and Glade Run, 1808; Blairsville, 1822 ; Washington, 1828; Elder's Ridge, 1830; Cherry Tree, 1837 ; Currie's Run, 1838 ; Cen- tre, 1851 ; West Lebanon, 1853 ; Smicksburg 56 GEOLOGICAL AND HISTORICAL SKETCH OF and Mt. Pleasaut, 1854 ; Clarksburg and Jack- sonville, 1857; Marion, 1860; Pluniville, 1863; Black Lick, 1867 ; and Homer City, 1870. The United Presbyterian congregations of Crete and Conemaugh were organized in 1794; The Indiana and Bethel congregations were or- ganized in 1808; West Union was organized in 1814; Beracha, 1824; Mahoning, 1828 ; Me- chanicsburg, 1833 ; Jacksonville, 1841 ; Sus- quehanna, 1842 ; Shelocta, 1854 ; Greenville, 1858 ; Decker's Point, 1859 ; Homer City, 1873, and Richmond, 1874. The first Evangelical Lutheran church in the county was formed at Indiana about 1798; Brush Valley congregation was next organized and about 1830 the Blairsville church was formed ; Plum Creek congregation was organ- ized in 1830 ; Smicksburg, 1842. In 1822 the Indiana church organized probably the first Sunday-school in the county. The Reformed Presbyterian church was es- tablished in the northern part of the county about 1842. The Methodist Episcopal church of Indiana, was founded about 1822; Blairsville church organized in 1824; Nineveh, 1836; Marion, 1837 ; and Jacksonville, 1839. Baptist churches were organized in the county in the following years : Two Lick, 1824 ; Loyal- hanua, 1828; Mahoning, 1830; Brush Valley and Shiloh, 1839; Richmond and Pine Flat, 1845; West Lebanon, 1847; Pluniville, 1849; East Mahoning, 1850; Indiana, 1858; Black Lick, 1861, and Fairview, 1877. The first Methodist Protestant church in Indiana county was organized as Hazlett church in 1832; Salem church was organized in 1839; Cookport, 1843; Gettysburg, 1857, and Cherry Tree, 1873. In 1 865, the Protestant Episcopal denomina- tion organized Christ church of Indiana. Catholic families had settled in the vicinity as early as 1814, but not in sufficient numbers to establish a church. About 1844, or earlier. congregations were organized at Indiana and Cameron's Bottom. S. S. Simon and Jude's church, of Blairsville, was organized in 1829. In 1843 the Evangelical Association organ- ized a church in North Mahoning township and now have several congregations in the county. The German Baptists organized Manor and Montgomery churches in 1843. The Wesleyan Methodists organized Pine Grove church in 1848. Their church at Dixon- ville was organized in 1855. Manor and Spruce churches of this denomination were organized in 1856 and 1862. Nero congregation of theCalvinistic Method- ist was organized in 1842, and Pine Flat con- gregation of the Church of Christ was formed in 1856. In 1850 the census report gave the number of churches as 61, of which 29 were Presby- terian; 10 Lutheran; 10 Methodist; 7 Catholic ; 4 Baptist and 1 Protestant Episcopal. Educational. — Of the pioneer schools, Ex- County Superintendent Samuel Wolf says, in his excellent centennial historical sketch, that the first settlers of Indiana county were Scotch- Irish presbyterians and brought with them their rifles, their Bibles and their spelling- books. He states that Revs. Power, Jamison, and Henderson were instrumental in establish- ing the first elementary schools in which spelling, reading, writing and arithmetic were taught six days of each week that they were in session and that the teacher received a yearly salary of from four to six dollars per pupil, never had less than twenty-five pupils and " boarded round." One of the class of school -houses that were in use from 1777 to 1815 is described by John M. Robinson in the following language : " The building was 18x22 feet, of round logs (7 feet high), the cracks daubed with mortar called ' kat and klay ; ' a large log (mantel) was placed across the building, four feet from the end wall, and five feet high, upon which the chimney was built of split sticks, the cracks and inside of INDIANA COUNTY. 57 which was daubed with tough mortar ; the floor was made of split logs, hewed, called puncheons ; the hearth was of stone and at its end a space was left unfloored in which the goose-quills for writing were stuck to make them of uniform pliability. The ceiling was made of puncheons and the roof of clap-boards, eaves-poles and weight-poles. There was a ledge door in the side, with wooden hinges and latch. The win- dows were the whole length of tiie building; they were from eight to ten inches high, with little posts set in about every foot, on which oiletl paper was pasted in lieu of glass. Writ- ; ing-boards on slanting wooden pegs, even with the under edge of windows, hewed slab benches without backs and a short slanting board in one ' corner near the hearth, for the teacher's desk, comprised the furniture." Mr. Smith makes record of a school taught by James McDowell, some time between 1777 and 1785, in a cabin owned by Robert Robinson in the Conemaugh : settlement. He also states that in 1790 a mau j named Atwell taught near Campbell's mill in the Black Lick settlement and from tliat time ou schools were opened in every settlement un- til 1815, when there were at least twenty-five schools in the county. From 1815 to the passage of the common school law, in 1834, there was a gradual in- crease in the number of elemeutary schools and a steady improvement in buildings. At an early day in the history of the county a movement was made for the establishment of higher education and Indiana academy was founded in 1816, on the site of Judge Clark's residence at Indiana. This institution of learn- ing received $2000 of State aid and continued in existence until 1862. A female seminary was opened shortly afterwards, but soon went down. In 1832 a class commenced to recite to Rev. Alex. Donaldson, in the secoud story of a log spring-house, and led to the establishment of Elder's Ridge academy, which has become an educational power in the Uuitetl States, through the three thousand students who have gone forth from its walls. Blairsville academy was established in 1842 and eleven years later was founded Blairsville Female semiuary, whose graduates are an honor to it and to society. Close to Saltsburg is the flourishing " Kis,ki- minetas school for boys," under charge of Profs. A. W. Wilson and R. W. Fair. At the county institute held at Indiana in December, 1860, an effort was made to obtain funds sufficient to secure the establishment, at that place, of the State Normal school for the Ninth Normal school district of Pennsylvania. Twenty thousand dollars were raised and the matter rested until two years later, when Pro- fessor A. N. Raub spoke so forcibly upon the subject that Judge Clark, Peter Sutton, A. W. Wilson and other public-spirited citizens gave freely of their time and money until their labors were crowned with success in the erection of the present magnificent State Normal school building at Indiana. It was built in 1875, at a cost of $200,000, has received extensive improvements since and as a building is second to none in the State. The first teachers' association was formed in June, 1852, by the students of Elder's Ridge academy, who intendtd to teach, and was followed by a teachers' institute at Blairsville in November, 1852, held for one week by the teachers of Indiana and Westmoreland coun- ties. The teachers of Washington district organized an institute iu 1853, which has been continued ever since. White and Centre organ- ized institutes in 1854. The first county institute was called by Superintendent Bollman, on August 22, 1854, and led to the formation of the present Teachers' Association of Indiana county. Banks. — The prosperity of the banks of any city or county is indicative of an era of com- mercial progress. Indiana county is especially favored in the management of her banks which is done upon conservative and intelligent meth- 58 GEOLOGICAL AND HISTORICAL SKETCH OF ods. As far as we have had opportuuity to examine records, we find no trace of any bank in the county until 1855, after which the bank- ing-house of Hogue & Co. was established at Indiana, as the predecessor of the First National bank of that place. The Bar. — The position which the legal pro- fession has always occupied in the history of Pennsylvania has been a very high and honor- able one. The bar of Indiana county, from its very organization, has ranked as among the best of the western counties. It con^prises many able lawyers and eloquent orators, and is a credit to the State. The legal history of the county, to be intelligently and interestingly written, can only be written by one well versed in the law and well acquainted with the lives of most of the leading lawyers of the Indiana bar since its organization. The president judges who have presided over the courts of Indiana county have been : John Young, 1806 to 1836 ; Thomas White, 1836 to 1847; J. M. Burrell, 1847 to 1848; J. C. Knox, 1848 to 1850; J. M. Burrell, 1851 to 1855; Joseph Buffington, from 1855 to 1871 ; John P. Blair, 1871 to 1885, and Harry White, 1885 to The Medical Profession. — The first physician to practice in the county was Dr. Samuel Tal- mage, who resided at Newport for many years, but finally removed to Westmoreland county. Dr. Reed, of the above-named county, practiced in the Conemaugh section, and Dr. George Hays, of New England, came, about 1805, to the Black Lick creek settlement, where he re- mained for several years. Dr. Jonatlian French located at Indiana in 1807, and Dr. E. P. Em- erson, at Blairsville, in 1819. The Indiana County Medical society was organized June 23, 1858, and one of its members. Dr. William Anderson, in 1880, wrote a very comprehensive as well as exceedingly interesting history of the medical profession of Indiana county, which was published in Caldwell's history of the county. Political History. — No county in the State has a more complete record of township elections than Indiana. These election records extend back to the formation of the county. Instead of discussing the history of political parties, or giving township, county, congressional or State votes, which are sometimes cast in revolt against party leaders, we have carefully compiled the popular vote of the county for president since 1824, when the citizens of this State were given the first opportunity to vote for president, and think that this vote will be the best exponent of the political history that can be given. 1832. Popular vok of Indiana county at presidential elections from 1824 to 1888. . Andrew Jackson .... 258 . John Q. Adams .... 27 . William H. Crawford . . 2 . Andrew Jackson .... 926 . John Q. Adams 245 . Andrew Jackson .... 654 . William Wirt 683 1836. Whig William H. Harrison . . 1,169 Democratic . . Martin Van Buren . . . 692 1840. Whig William H. Harrison . . I,9.i3 Democratic . . Martin Van Buren . . . 1,209 1844. Whig Henry Clay 2,200 Democratic . . James K. Polk 1,443 Liberty . . . James G. Birney .... 80 1848. Whig Zachary Taylor 2,410 1824. Republican . Coalition . . Republican . 1828. Democratic . Nat. Rep. . . Democratic . Anti-Mason . Democratic . Free Soil . . 1852. Whig . . . Democratic . Free Dem. . 1856. Republican . Democratic . American . . 1860 Republican . Democrat. . Cons't Union Ind. Dem. . 1864. Republican . Democratic . 1868. Republican . Democratic . 1872. Republican . Dem. & Lib. Democratic . . Lewis Cass 1,544 . Martin Van Buren ... 204 . Winfield Scott 2,387 . Franklin Pierce 1,827 . John P. Hale 142 . John C. Fremont .... 3,612 . James Buchanan .... 1,762 . Millard Fillmore .... 263 . Abraham Lincoln .... 3,910 . John C. Breckinridge . . 1,347 . John Bell 22 . Stephen A. Douglas . . . . Abrsiham Lincoln .... 4,320 . George B. McClellan . . 2,179 . Ulysses S. Grant .... 4,809 . Horatio Seymour .... 2,223 . Ulysses S. Grant .... 4,386 . Horace Greeley 1,266 . Charles O'Connor .... INDIANA COUNTY. 59 Temperance . 1876. Kepublican . Democratic . Greenback . Prohibition . 1880. Kepublican . Democratic . Greenback . Prohibition . 1884. Republican . Democratic . Greenback . Prohibition . 1888. Republican . Democratic . Greenback . Prohibition . James Black .... . Rutherford B. Hayes Samuel J. Tilden . . Peter Cooper .... Green C. Smith . . . James A. Garfield . . Winfleld S. Hancock , James B. Weaver Neal Dow . . . James G. Blaine Grover Cleveland Benjamin F. Butler . John P. St. John . . , Benjamin Harrison . , Grover Cleveland . . , Alaon J. Strceter . . , Clinton B. Fisk . . . 4,934 2,248 3 42 4,617 2,119 1,488 4,607 1,979 1,186 385 5,084 2,231 483 294 The vote of Indiana for 1824 includes the vote of Jefferson county, wiiich was attached to Indiana at that time in judicial and political matters. Census Sfatisties. — Population of Indiana county at each decade from 1810 to 1890, in- clusive, as given in the United States census reports : 1810, 6,214. 1840,20,782. 1870,36,178. 1820, 8,882. 1850, 27,170. 1880, 40,526. 1830,14,252. 1860,33,687. 1890,42,100. Colored population from 1810 to 1890: 1810, 41. 1840, 155. 1870, 186. 1820, 61. 1850, 254. 1880, 227. 1830, 97. 1860, 186. 1890, By the Census of 1880, the following places were reported having the population given : Advance, 34 ; Bells Mills, 79 ; Black Lick, 237; Brownstown, 243; Centreville, 169; Colfax, 75; Cookport, 192; Covode, 85; Creekside, 50; Davidsville, 49; Dixonville, 93; Elder's Ridge, 37; Georgeville, 104; Gettysburg, 161 ; Greenville, 196 ; Locust Lane, 51 ; New AVaishington, 38 ; N. Blairsville, 100; O'Hara, 135 ; Pine Flats, 115 ; Plumville, 191 ; Richmond, 93 ; Smethport, 48 ; Taylorsville, 106; Unioutown, 49; West Lebanon, 150; and Willet. 50. By the census of 1820 there were in Indiana county 3 cardiug machines, 277 looms, 1,239 spinning wheels, 3 fulling-mills, 6 hat- teries, producing 2,400 hats; 1 salt works, making 600 bushels of salt; 18 blacksmith- shops, doing $9,000 worth of business ; 27 dis- tilleries, makiug 18,000 gallons of liquor; 16 wh eat-mills, grinding 48,000 bushels of wheat ; 17 saw-mills, cutting 985,000 feet of lumber ; 2,715 horses and 5,995 neat cattle. There was also 20,400 gallons of maple molas.ses made. By the census reports of 1880 Indiana county had 4,438 farms, containing 457,095 acres. There were in the county 12,066 horses, 14,118 milch cows, 20,218 other cattle, 61,732 sheep and 31,465 swine. In 1879 the following amounts of grain were rai.sed from the number of acres given : Grain. Acres. Bmheh. Barley, 23 362 Rye, 9,262 77,166 Buckwheat, 9,035 109,159 Oats, 31,269 775,383 Corn, 29,146 914,695 Wheat, 31,358 309,752 There were 37,266 acres of meadow, yielding 321,143 tons of hay and 15 acres in tobacco, with a yield of 10,181 pounds of that article. In 1880 Indiana county had 279 manufact- uring establishments, with an invested capital of $890,000 and in which over 700 hands were employed. While numbers are not the progress measure of county life, yet their rapid increa.se indexes every great .stride in the development of a county's material resources ; and their marked decrease chronicles ever}' great drain by emigra- tion. The census table to a certain extent is a numerical chart — an arithmetical map — where progress and decay can be partly traced in the .swelling and the ebbing of the tide of numbers. Let us see what the census tells us of the story 60 GEOLOGICAL AND HISTORICAL SKETCH OF of Indiana county life : It showsa steady increase of population at the end of every decade despite the drain by emigration to the west. In the three decades from 1820 to 1850, the remark- able increase of population tells the story of the influence of the Pennsylvania canal on the county. From 1850 to 1870, notwithstanding the check of business by the war, yet an increased growth is traced in the railroads built in and through the county. The slowly increas- ing population from 1870 to 1880 and nearly up to 1890, is traceable to the railroads while the wonderful growth of the county during 1889 will be fully illustrated in the census of 1900 when it will give, as other coke counties have given, a wonderful increase of population in Indiana county as the result of her coke and other industries. The following table gives the population of the boroughs and townships of Indiana county, as recorded in the last two census reports : Borough and Township. 1880. 1890. Armagh 123 170 Armstrong 1340 1195 Black Lick 924 798 Banks 919 1485 Blairsville 1162 3113 Brush Valley 1365 1179 Bufiington 819 644 Burrell 1770 1415 Canoe 1217 1245 Centre 1265 1277 Cherry Hill 2243 1974 Cherry Tree 380 364 Conemaugh 1346 1530 East Mahoning 1160 1085 East Wheatfield 937 775 Grant 1318 1351 Green 2606 2401 Homer City 381 513 Indiana 1907 1971 Jacksonville 114 133 Marion 398 381 Mechanicsburg 226 198 Montgomery 1211 1079 North Mahoning 1317 1251 Pine 1189 1003 Eayne 1958 1924 Saltsburg 855 Shelocta 121 Smicksburg 221 South Mahoning 4369 Washington 1668 West Indiana 1077 West Mahoning 1170 West Wheatfield 1359 White 1716 Young 1376 1114 86 299 1343 1589 1631 1055 1699 1612 1238 Total 40527 42100 Senators of Pennsylvania House of Represen- tatives. — 1803 to 1815, James Brady; 1815 to 1819, John Reed ; 1819 to 1822, Henry Alls- house; 1822 to 1825, Robert Orr, Jr.; 1823 to 1830, Eben S. Kelly; 1830 to 1835, Robert Mechling; 1834 to 1838, Meek Kelly; 1839, Findley Patterson; 1841 to 1844, William Bigler, of Clearfield ; 1847, William F.John- ston; 1850, Augustus Drum; 1851 to 1853, C.Myers; 1854 to 1856, Samuel S.Jamison; 1863, Harry White; 1864 to 1865, Thomas St. Clair; 1866 to 1874, Harry White; 1877 to 1879, Thomas St. Clair; 1885 to 1888, George W. Hood. Members of the Assembly. — 1803, James Mc- Comb; 1808, James Sloan; 1809, James Mc- Comb; 1815, David Reed; 1816, James M. Kelly and Joshua Lewis; 1818, James M. Kelly and Samuel Houston ; 1819, Robert Orr, Jr., and Samuel Houston; 1820, Robert Orr, Jr., and Robert Mitchell; 1822, John Taylor and Robert Mitchell; 1823, John Taylor and Joseph Rankin; 1825, David Lawson and Joseph Rankin; 1826, David Lawson and 1827, David Lawson and 1828, Robert Mitchell and 1829, David Lawson and Joseph Rankin; 1830, Robert Mitchell; 1831, William Houston; 1833, James M. Stewart; 1834, William Banks; 1836, James Taylor, 1838, William McCaran, Jr.; 1839, Allen N. Work; 1840, John Cummins; 1842,JohnMc- Ewen; 1844, John McFarland; 1846, William Thomas Johnson ; Joseph Rankin; Joseph Rankin; INDIANA COUNTY. 61 C. McKuight; 1848, William Evaus; 1852 Alexander McConuell; 1856, R. B. Moor- head; 1858, John Bruce; 1859, A. W. Tay- lor; 1861, James Alexander; 1862, Richard Graham; 1863, J. W. Houston; 1865, George E. Smith; 1867, W. C. Gordon, A. W. Kim- mell; 1868, W. C. Gordon; 1868, R. H. Mc- Cormiek; 1869, D. M. Marshall; 1871, Thomas McMullin, H. K. Sloan; 1872, Thomas McMullin; 1873, Daniel Ramey; 1875, A. W. Kimmell, J. K. Thompson ; 1877, A. H. Fulton, Jacob Creps; 1878, A. H. Ful- ton, Jacob Creps; 1879, A. H. Fulton, John Hill; 1881, William C. Brown and ; 1883, John Lowry and ; 1885, John P. Elkins and ; 1887, S. J. Craighead and John P. Elkins; 1889, N. Seanor and J. W. Morrow. Associate Judges from 1806 to 1875.— 1806, James Smith, Charles Campbell ; 1818, Joshua Lewis (succeeded Smith); 1828, John Taylor; 1829, Andrew Brown ; 1830, Samuel Moorhead, Jr.; 1836, Robert Mitchell, M.D.; 1842, Meek Kelly, James McKeunon; 1843, John Cun- ningham; 1845, Fergus Cannon; 1846, Joseph Thompson; 1849, James M. Stewart, M.D.; 1851 to 1856, Peter Ditts.Sr.; 1851 to 1861, Isaac M. Watt; 1856 to 1866, John K. Thomp- son, M.D.; 1861 to 1866, Peter Sutton; 1866 to 1871, T. B. Allison; 1866 to 1871, Joseph Campbell; 1871 to 1876, Peter Ditts, Jr.; 1871 to February, 1874, James S. Nesbit (re- signed); February, 1874, to January 1st, 1875, William Irwin. District Attorneys. — Edmund Page, 1850 to 1853; Henry B. Woods, 1856 to 1859; John Lowry, 1862; Daniel S. Porter, 1865 to 1868; William R. Allison, 1871 ; Samuel Cunning- ham, 1874; M. C. Watson, 1877; M. C. Wat- son, 1877 to 1884; S. M. Jack, 1884 to 1890; John Leech, 1890. The Indiana RegUter in 1859 gave the fol- lowing list of attorneys of the Indiana county bar from 1806 to 1859: John B. Alexander, ' Samuel S. Harrison, Samuel Massey, Daniel Stennard, Walter Forward, Samuel F. Riddle, James M. Kelley, Henry Baldwin, John John- ston, William H. Breckenridge, Walter M. Denny, Ephraim M. Carpenter, John William- i son, Daniel M. Broadhead, Thomas White, Thomas R. Peters, George Canan, George Armstrong, James M. Riddle, Samuel Guthry, ; Joseph Weighley, Paul Morrow, Alexander W. Foster, Beal Howard, John Maintain, Thomas I Blair, A. Lawrence, Charles B. Seely, William M. Kennedy, Jacob M. Wise, Henry Shippen, John Y. Barclay, W. R. Smith, John Reid, R. B. McCabe, Henry G. Herron, George Car- son, John Miles, J. McWilliams, Joseph H. Kuhne, W. F. Boon, George W. Smith, John Frances, Thomas Knox, William Banks, Stew- art Steel, Alexander McCalmont, Michael Dan McGehan, James Hepburn, Thomas Struthers, George Shaw, Charles S. Bradford, Joseph Buf- tiugton, James H. Devor, Joseph J. Young, H. D. Foster, Benjamin Bartholomew, Robert Brown, Martin Brainard, William M. Watson, Caleb A. Alexander, William B. Conway, Barnwell D. Basford, Joseph B. Musser, Michael Galliher, Richard Arthurs, John Fen- ton, John Brady, Darwin Phelps, Albert Mer- chand, John Meyers, William M. Stewart, Samuel Johnston, John F. Beaver, Thomas Sutton, Alexander W. Taylor, Robert L. John- ston, Michael Hasson, S. Hay, Edgar Cowan, James Nichols, Samuel A. Purviance, Jeremiah M. Burwell, Wilson Riley, Ephraim Buffing- ton, A. L. Hamilton, B. Cornyn, T. C. Mc- Dowel, John Potter, James W.Johnson, Charles H. Heyer, P. C. Shannon, H. P. Laird, G. P. Reed, Alexander W. Taylor, S. F. Cox, Wil- liam A. Campbell, Jackson Boggs, Matthew Taylor, Levi McElhose, Edward Hutchison, L. S. Cantwell, Edmund Paige, John Crisswell, O. H. Brown, T. J. Coffey, John Stanard, Wil- liam Houston, Jr., Richard Coulter, Jr., Joseph Frantz, Samuel H. Tate, Samuel Sherwell, J. Alexander Fulton, David Barclay, John A. 62 QEOLOOICAL AND HISTORICAL SKETCH OF Willis, Robert Suttou, Edward S. Golden, ' Samuel Douglass, H. B. Woods, Hugh Weir, Thomas E. Morgau, G. W. Bounen, Jacob Turney, George M. Reed, William H. Coulter, Charles Wyngard, Phineas M. Jenks, J. K. Coxson, Lewis M. Stewart, Harry White, Mathews Coleman, Joseph M. Thompson, Mar- tin R. Cooley, C. D. Steel, Eklward J. Belch, William H. McKee, John Conrod, Alexander McKinney, Philip S. Noon, Benjamin F. Lucas, James A. Getty, John McClaran, Silas M. Clark, John Campbell, T. J. McCullough, William Kittell, John T. Crawford, John K. ''' Kalhoun. S/imJs.— Thomas McCartney, 1806; Thomas Sutton, 1809; Robert Robinson, 1812; Thomas Sutton, 1815; James Elliott, 1818; Henry Kinter, 1821; Clemence McGara, 1824; James Gordon, 1827; James Taylor, 1830; Joseph Lowry, 1833; James Kier, 1836; William Evans, 1839; David Ralston, 1842; Simeon Truby, 1845; Gawin Sutton, 1848; John Mul- lin, 1851; John Montgomery, 1854; Joseph R. Smith, 1857; A. P. Thompson, 1860; James ^ R. Dangherty, 1863; Jacob Creps, 1866; Hen- j derson C. Howard, 1869; James R. Dangherty, 1872; William C. Brown, 1875; Daniel Ans- ley, 1878; M. F. Jamison, 1882; James Me- ; Gregor, 1885; D. C. Mack, 1888. Prothonotaries and Clei-ks. — James McLain, 1806; John Taylor, 1818; James McCahan, 1821; Alexander Taylor, 1824; William Banks, 1828; R. B. McCabe, 1833; Thomas Langh- lin, 1836; Fergus Cannon, February, 1839, to December, 1839; Robert Craig, 1839; Alex- ander W. Taylor, 1845 ; N. B. Loughrey. 1851 ; John Myers, 1854; J. R. Porter, Jr., 1857; E. P. Hildebrand, 1860; John Lowry, 1866; A. C. Boyle, 1872; W. S. Daugherty, 1882; John A. Scott, 1888. Registers and Recorders. — James McLain, 1806; John Taylor, 1818; James McCahan, 1821; Alexander Taylor, 1824; William Banks, 1828; R. B. McCabe, 1833; W. Doug- lass, 1836; Isaac M. Watt, 1839; William McClaren, 1842; William McClaran, 1845; Isaac M. Watt January, 1847, to December, 1847; David Peelor, 1847; John H. Lichte- berger, 1853; A. L. McClusky, 1862; W. R. Black, 1868; David R. Lewis, 1874; B. F. McCluskey, 1881, who died August 18, 1882, and was succeeded by J. A. Findley; James McGregor, 1890. Treasurer. — James McKnight, 1811 ; Thomas Sutton, 1813; John Taylor, 1815; William Lucas, 1817; William Douglas, 1820; Alex- ander Taylor, 1822; William Trimble, 1824; William Lucas, 1827; Blaney Adair, 1830; James Todd, 1833; I. M. Watt, 1836; W. W. Caldwell, 1839; William Bruce, 1842; W. Douglass, 1843; W. W. Caldwell, 1845; Samuel R.Rankin, 1847; W. W. Caldwell, 1849; James Hood, 1851; Garviu Sutton, 1853; Thomas McCandless, 1855; Jolin Briuk, 1857; Charles N. Swoyer, 1859 (elected but died before taking office); William Earl, 1859 (appointed); James Moorhead, 1861; W. H. Coleman, 1863; John A. Stewart, 1865; George W. McHenry,1867; Noah Lohr, 1869; James M. Sutton, 1871; George H.Johnston, 1873; John Ebey, 1875; John Truby, 1878; John T. Gibson, 1882; T. C. Ramey, 1885; D. A. Luckhart, 1888; G. H. Ogdeu, 1891. Siu-veyors : District, Deputy and County. — The district surveyors whose services extended over that part of Indiana county north of the old purchase line, were : James Hamilton, John Broadhead, James Jolmston, James Potter and William P. Brady. Those serving within the limits of the pur- chase of 1768 were : Joshua Elder, John Moore, Joseph L. Fiudley, Eonieu Williams, James Ross, Thomas Allison and Alexander Taylor. Their successors were: John Taylor, 1815, also served as surveyor-general ; Robert Young, 1818; Alexander Taylor, Jr., 1819; Meek Kelly, 1821; John Taylor, 1825-1827; Meek Kell'ey, 1830-33; Robert McGee, 1834; Wil- INDIANA COUNTY. 63 liam Evans, 1836; Robert McGee, 1839; Thompson McCrea, 1850; David Peelor, 1856; William Evans, 1859; Edmund Paige, 1862; Thompson McCrea, 1865-68; Edmund Paige, 1871-79; John R. Caldwell, 1887. Commissioners. — William Clarke, 1806 and 1807; James Johnson and Alexander McLean, 1806 ; William Clarke and Alexander McLean, 1808; William Clarke and Rev. John Jamison, 1809; James McKnight, Rev. Jolin Jamison and Robert Robison, 1810; Robert Robison, Joshua Lewis and Rev. John Jamison, 1811; Robert Robison, Joshua Lewis and Joseph Moorhead, 1812; Francis Boals, Joshua Lewis and Joseph Moorhead, 1813; Joseph Moor- head, Francis Boals and Alexander McLain, 1814; Alexander McLain, Francis Boals and Gawin Sutton, 1815; Gawin Sutton, Alexander McLain and Thomas Sharp, 1816; Gawin Sut- ton, Thomas Sharp and John Smith, 1817; Thomas Sharp, John Smith and Thomas Laugh- lin, 1818; Thomas Laughliu, John Smith and Joseph Henderson, 1819; William Clarke, John Smith and Joseph Henderson, 1820; Joseph Henderson, William Clarke and Clem- euce McGara, 1821 ; Clemeuce McGara, Stew- art Davis and William Clarke, 1822; Stewart Davis, Clemence McGara and Alexander Patti- son, 1823; Alexander Pattison, Stewart Davis, James Gordon, 182-1; James Gordon, William W. Caldwell, Alexander Pattison, 1825; James Gordon, James Todd, W. W. Caldwell, 1826; Peter Dilts, W. W. Caldwell, James Todd, 1827; Samuel Trimble, Peter Dilts, James Todd, 1828; Samuel Trimble, Peter Dilts, Archibald Johnson, 1829; Samuel Trimble, Archibald Johnson, Gawin Sutton, 1830; Ga- win Sutton, Archibald Johnson, James Lewis, 1831; Gawin Sutton, William Leard, 1833; James Lewis, Alexander McMullin, 1834; James McComb, William Laird, Alexander McMullin, 1834; James McComb, William Laird, Alexander McMullin, 1835 ; James MaComb, James Lapsley, John Cummins, 1836 ; John Cummins, James Lapsley, Joseph McMasters, 1837; William Smith, John Cum- mins, Joseph McMasters, 1838 ; William Smith, Philip Rice, James Rhea, 1839 ; John Dick took his seat October 20, in lieu of Smith ; Philip Rice, James Rhea, John Dick, 1841 ; Charles Campbell took his seat November 2, in lieu of Dick ; James Rhea, John Dick, Charles ; Campbell, 1842 ; Thomas Stewart October 24, iu lieu of Rhea; John Dick, Charles Campbell, Thomas Stewart, 1843 ; John A. Jamison, Oc- tober 23, in lieu of Di^k ; Charles Campbell, Thomas Stewart, John A. Jamison, 1844 ; Alexander T. Moorhead took his seat in lieu of Stewart ; Charles Campbell, John A. Jamison, Alexander T. Moorhead, 1845 ; Abraham Davis took his seat November 3, in lieu of Campbell ; John T. Jamison, Alexander T. ' Moorhead, Abraham Davis, 1846; Thomas Walker took his seat November 2, in lieu of Jamison ; Alexander T. Moorhead, Abraham Davis, Thomas Walker, 1847; Jacob Gamble took his seat October 25, in lieu of Moor- head ; Abraham Davis, Thomas Walker, Jacob Gamble, 1848 ; Thomas Gibson took his seat, October 14, in lieu of Davis ; Thomas Walker, Jacob Gamble, Thomas Gibson, 1849 ; John Lytic took his seat October 15, in lieu of Walker ; Jacob Gamble, Thomas Gibson, John Lytle, 1850 ; John Shields took his seat Octo- ber 21, iu lieu of Gamble ; Thomas Gibson, John Lytle, John Shields, 1851 ; Samuel H. Johnston, November 3, in lieu of Gibson ; John Lytle, John Shields, Samuel H. John- ston, 1852; Robert H. Armstrong, October 25, in lieu of Lytle ; John Shields, Samuel H. Johnston, Robert H. Armstrong, 1853; Moses T. Work, November 1, in lieu of Shields; Samuel H. Johnston, Robert H. Armstrong, Moses T. Work, 1854; George Lowman took the place of Johnston ; Robert H. Armstrong, Moses T. Work, George Lowman, 1855; Johu Gourley, October 17, in lieu of Armstrong; Moses T. Work, George Lowman, John Gour- 64 GEOLOGICAL AND HISTORICAL SKETCH OF ley, 1 856 ; David Henderson, October 29, in lieu of Work ; George Lowman, John Gour- ley, David Henderson, 1857 ; Thomas Davis, November 3, in lieu of Lowman ; John Gour- ley, David Henderson, Thomas Davis, 1858; A. L. McCloskey, October 25, in lieu of Gour- • ley ; David Henderson, Thomas Davis, A. L. McCluskey, 1859 ; William Johnston, October 26, in lieu of Henderson ; Thomas Davis, A. L. McCluskey, William Johnston, 1860; Sam- uel Irwin, October 15, in lieu of Davis; A. L. McCluskey, William Johnston, Samuel Irwin, 1861 ; Andrew Shields, November 12, in lieu of McCluskey ; William Johnston, Samuel Ir- win, Andrew Shields, 1862 ; Samuel Irwin, An- drew Shields, S. A. Allison, 1863; Andrew Shields, S. A. Allison, W. C. McCrea, 1864 ; S. A. Allison, W. C. McCrea, W. G. Stewart, 1865 W. C. McCrea, W. G. Stewart, R. Adams, 1866 W. G. Stewart, R. Adams, G. Shryock, 1867 Robert Adams, George Shryock, Elliott Fer- guson, 1868; George Shryock, Elliott Fer- guson, James T. Vauhorn, 1869; Elliott Fer- guson, James T. Vanhorn, John S. Fleming, ing, 1870 ; James T. Van Horn, John S. Flem- ing, Jacob Darr, 1871 ; John S. Fleming, Jacob Darr, James M. Work, 1872 ; Jacob Darr, James M. Work, George W. Boadenhamer, 1873 ; James M. Work, George W. Boaden- hamer, Samuel G. Miller, 1874; George W. Boadenhamer, Samuel G. Miller, Francis Mabon, 1875; Jeremiah Lomison, Frederick Cameron, Frederick Buterbaugh, 1876-7-8; John G. Robinson, A. P. Thompson, William Daugherty, 1879-80; James Johnston, Wm. Mabon, James C. McQuown, 1882; A W. Steele, R. M. McComb, Jeremiah Wakefield, i 1885; A. C. Rankin, John G. Cameron, A. H. Braughler, 1891. The clerks of the board of commissioners from 1804 to 1880 have been : Alexander Johnston, for trustees of the county, 1804 ; Paul Morrison, for trustees of county, 1805; James Riddle for commissioners, 1806 ; James Mc- Knight, 1807; Daniel Stenard and James M. Biddie, 1808 ; Daniel Stenard, 1809-10 ; James McKnight, 1811 ; James M. KelJey, 1812-13; John Wilson and James Coulter, 1814; John Wilson and John Taylor, 1815; Gawin Sutton and John Taylor, 1816 ; Daniel Stenard and Stewart Davis, 1817; Stewart Davis, 1820; Robert Young, 1824; Ephraim Carpenter, 1825; Stewart Davis, 1825; William Banks, 1826 ; John Johnston, 1829 ; William Banks, 1833; Joseph J. Young, 1834; Wil- liam Stewart, I. M. Watt and John Myers, 1838; Robert M. Gibson, 1839; A. W. Tay- lor, 1841; Edward Paige, 1848; J. H. Lich- teberger, 1849 ; George Shryock, 1853 ; George Shryock, 1862; W. R. Black, 1865; James B. Work, 1870 ; W. H. Coleman, 1871 ; D. R. Lewis, 1873; J. T. Gibson, 1875 ; J. P. St. Clair, 1879-80. The coroners from 1806 to 1880 have been : Samuel Young, 1806; Joseph Turner, 1809; William Shields, 1812; James Loughrey, 1815 ; William Douglas, 1818; Peter Sutton, Jr., 1821 ; James E. Cooper, 1824 ; Samuel George, 1827-30-33 ; Samuel McCartney, 1833-36-39 ; William Henry, 1839 ; John McQuilkin, 1842 ; James Hood, 1845; Samuel Trimble, 1848; James McLain, 1851 ; J. W. Mahon, 1854; J. A. Jamison, 1857 ; J. I. Kelly, 1860; William Shields, 1863; Joseph Gilbert, 1868; John Clawson, 1869; William H. Coleman, 1872 ; Samuel A. Smith, 1875 ; Irvin McFarland, 1878. The following is an alphabetical li.st of the post-offices in Indiana county, with their respective distances from the county-seat, on October 1, 1890: Advance, 9 miles; Ambrose, 13 miles; Angora, 18 miles; Armagh, 14 miles; Avanmore, 24 miles; Beringer, 18 miles; Black Lick Station, 12 miles; Blairs- ville, 16 miles; Brady, 14 miles; Brush Val- ley, 10 miles ; Buffington, 16 miles ; Canoe Ridge, 24 miles ; Chambersville, 7 miles ; Clarksburg, 15 miles; Clyde, 14 miles; Cook- INDIANA COUNTY. 65 port, 16 miles; Covode, 23 miles; Cramer, 16 miles ; Creekside, 6 miles ; Crete, 5 miles ; Cush Creek, 23 miles; Davis, 11 miles; Deck- er's Point, 14 miles; Dentou. 17 miles; Dill- town, 14 miles; Dixonville, 13 miles; Ebenezer, 13 miles; Elder's Ridge, 16 miles; Flora, 30 miles; Georgeville, 20 miles; Gilpin, 8 miles; Glen Campbell, 24 miles; Grant, 22 miles; Grip, 18 miles ; Grisemore, 17 miles; Hamili, 17 miles ; Heshbon, 14 miles ; Hillsdale, 20 miles ; Home, 10 miles ; Homer City, 6 miles ; Horton's, 28 miles; Kent, 9 miles; Kenwood, 13 miles; Kimmell, 16 miles; Locust Lane, 23 miles; Loop, 25 miles; Marcliand, 21 miles; Mitchell's Mills, 13 miles; Nolo, 10 miles; North Point, 25 miles ; North Summit, 35 miles ; Onberg, 6 miles; Ord, 17 miles; Parkwood, 10 miles ; Peuu Run, 9 miles ; Pine Flats, 14 miles ; Plumville, 14 miles ; Purchase Line, 16 miles ; Rochester Mills, 20 miles ; Saltsburg, 20 miles ; Sheloeta, 9 miles ; Sniathers, 6 miles ; Smicksburg, 22 miles; Spruce, 19 miles; Strongstown, 14 miles ; Sunclitf, 8 miles ; Tan- nery, 11 miles ; Tanoma, 9 miles ; Trade City, 21 miles ; Tunnelton, 20 miles ; Two Lick, 4 miles; Utah, 14 miles; West Lebanon, 14 miles; Willet, 10 miles. Population from 1820 to 1840 : 1820. 1830. 1840. Wheatfield 2,020 2,961 1,664 Armstrong 587 814 1,054 Blairsville 957 990 Black Lick 1,303 1,850 2,028 Brush Valley 1,822 Centre 937 1,237 1,615 Conemaugh 1,555 2,104 1,441 Greene 1,1.30 2,321 Indiana 317 433 674 Mahoning 1,106 1,640 2,890 Montgomery 787 Saltsburg 335 Washington 1,067 957 1,893 Young 1,116 The first iron enterprise in Indiana county was " Indiana Forge," which was built on Find- ley run near the Conemaugh river in 1837, by 5 Henry and John Noble, who also built a small furnace in 1840. To stock his store at Indiana forge, in 1837, John Noble exchanged two liun- dred acres of land, in what is now the heart of Altoona, for forty-five hundred dollars' worth of goods, which he purchased of D. Robinson, of Pleasant Valley. The Altoona land to-day is worth over two million dollars. In 1843, W. D. and Thomas McKennan purcha-sed Indi- ana forge and furnace, and in 1846 sold the plant to Elias Baker, who erected a new fur- nace and forge, which he operated for several years. In 1846 there were four charcoal fur- naces in the county. The "Kittanning Trail'-' was the great Indian highway through Iridiaua county. It came from Frankstown into the county below the purchase line. It passed near the site of Dia- mondville, crossed from Green into Cherry Hill township, ran near Greenville and passed Shaffer's sleeping-place, bore a little to the right of Indiaua, then ran througli the Charles Campbell and Fergus Mourhead tracts to Curry run, which it followed to Crooked creek, where the "Kiskiminetas Path" left it to run southwest to Chartiers, on the Allegheny river. The Kittanning Trail left Crooked creek and passed out of the county near the site of Sheloeta. The Wenango Path left the Kittanning Trail at the forks on the Caldwell tract, in Green township, and ran north. The Peholaud Trail came north from the Ligonier Valley, in Westmoreland county, and passed near the site of Centreville to Peholand's camp, which was opposite the site of Homer City. It then crossed the Kittanning Trail at Indiana and went northward, passing near the site of Kellysburg, and crossed Mahoning creek to the mouth of Ross run (where an In- dian village stood) on its way to the Indian town of Coughcheating. The Holland Land Company held several tracts of land in this county, audits history will be given briefly. 66 QEOLOOICAL AND HISTORICAL SKETCH OF Tlie Holland. Land company was composed of eleven merchants of the city of Amsterdam, who had acquired wealth by careful investments and fair profits. They had spare capital and sought to invest in the wild lands of western New York and Pennsylvania. Their invest- ments were made from 1792 to 1800. "These Dutch merchants were far in advance of the prevailing sentiment in Europe, as to the success and permanency of the experiment of free government." The title of the Holland Pur- chase is traced from James II., William and Mary and Charles II. to Robert Morris, who sold 3,300,000 acres of land in western New York, on December 31, 1798, to Wilhelm Wil- link, Nicholas Van Staphorst, Pieter Van Eeghen, Hendrick Vollenhoven and Rutger Schemmelpenninck. This was their largest purchase from Morris and included a large portion of the land which had been in dispute between New York and Massachusetts for sev- eral years. In 1792 the above-named members of the Holland company purchased several large tracts of land in what are now Indiana and Armstrong counties. Robert Morris was very prominent in the Revolutionary war and took a great interest in the development of western Pennsylvania and western New York. " It is an often demonstrated truth, that ' money is the sinew of war.' It was eminent- ly so during the revolutionary struggle, when its strength and usefulness in the cause of freedom were controlled by Robert Morris, a wealthy and influential merchant of Philadel- phia. He was born in Lancashire, England, in January, 1733. His father was a Liverpool merchant extensively engaged in the American trade, who came to America in 1744, and set- tled on the eastern shore of Chesapeake bay. His son, Robert, with his grandmother, followed in 1746, and was placed in a school in Phila- delphia, where an inefficient teacher wasted his time and patience. In 1749 young Morris was placed in the counting-room of Charles Willing, of Philadelphia; and on the death of his em- ployer, in 1754, he entered into a partnership with that gentleman's son, which continued thirty-nine years. That firm soon became the most wealthy and extensive among the importers of Philadelphia, and consequently they were the heaviest losers by. the non-importation agree- ments, which gave such a deadly blow at the infant commerce of the colonies, after the pas- sage of the Stamp Act. Yet they patriotically joinetl the league, and made the sacrifice for the good of the cause of right. " In November, 1775, Mr. Morris was elected to a seat in the Continental Congress, where his exceeding great usefulness was soon discovered. Its appreciation was manifested by placing him upon committees, having in charge the ' ways and means ' for carrying on the war. In the Spring of 1776 he was chosen, by Congress, a special commissioner to negotiate bills of ex- change, and to take other measures to procure money for government. At that time no man's credit, in America, for wealth and honor, stood higher than that of Robert Morris. He was again elected to Congress after the Declaration of Independence had been adopted, and being favorable to that measure, he signed the docu- ment, with most of the others, on the second day of August following. Toward the close of that year, when the half-naked, half-famished American army were about to cease the strug- gle, in despair, he evinced his faith in the suc- cess of the conflict, and his own warm patriot- ism, by loaning for the government, on his own responsibility, ten thousand dollars. It gave food and clothing to the gallant little band under Washington, who achieved the noble victory at Trenton, and a new and powerful impetus was thereby given to the Revolution. " Mr. Morris was continually active in the great cause during the whole of the war. He fitted out many privateers. Some were lost, others were successful in bringing him rich. INDIANA COUNTY. 67 prizes ; aud at the return of peace he estimated that his losses and gains were about equal. In May, 1781, about the gloomiest period of the struggle, Mr. Morris submitted to Congress a plan for a National Bank. It was approved, aud the Bank of North Ameriea, with Robert Morris as its soul, was established, and became a very efficient fiscal agent. He was assisted by Gouverneur Morris ; and through the active agency, in financial matters, of these gentlemen, much of the success which resulted in the cap- ture of Coruwallis, at Yorktown, must be attributed. During that year Mr. Morris ac- cepted the office of Financial Agent (Secretary of the Treasury) of the United States. After the war he was twice a member of the Penn- sylvania Legislature, and he was one of the framers of the Federal Constitution. He was a senator in the first Congress convened under that instrument ; and Washington appointed him his first Secretary of the Treasury. He declined the office, and nametl Alexander Ham- ilton as more capable, than himself, to perform the dutie-s. At the close of his senatorial term Mr. Morris retires a highly siliceous limestone, which is further characterized by its oblique planes of deposition. In this condition INDIANA COUNTY. 75 it appears at both euds of the Laurel Hill gap, and again at both ends of the Packsaddle gorge, being quite extensively quarried by the Penn- sylvania Railroad Co., and broken for ballast, for which purpose it is well adapted, being easily raised and slow to disintegrate. It is further exposed at the heart of the Black Lick gap of Chestnut Ridge, forming there at the centre of the anticlinal abrupt high cliffs along the water's edge ; elsewhere in Indiana county it is not known, being at all other points far below the drainage lines. The deposit continues to gain slowly in bulk towards the west and southwest, and in Ken- tucky it appears as a sub-formation one hun- dred feet thick, enclosing a vast and conijilicat- ed series of caverns, of wliich the famous Mam- moth Cave, with its two hundred miles of subterranean chambers, is one. Moreover, in Kentucky, as in other equally favored regions, it is intersected by numerous metalliferous lodes, some of which are of considerable value. Among the Congressmen who iiavc repre- sented Indiana county have been William Find- ley, 1803-17 ; Andrew Stewart, A. G. Mar- chand, 1840; Joseph Buffington, 1842-44; Alex. Irwin, 1846; Alfred Gilmore, 1848; Augustus Drum, 1854 ; John Covode, John L. Dawson, Heiu-y D. Foster, A. W. Taylor and George A. Jenks. Of these, Findley, Stewart, Dawson and Covode were men of national reputation. William Findley was born in Ireland, Janu- ary 11, 1851 ; " received a parish-school edu- cation ; came to the United States and located in Philadelphia; served in the Revolutionary war ; removed to Westmoreland county, Penn- sylvania ; was a member of the State legislature, and a delegate to the State Constitutional Con- vention ; was elected a representative from Pennsylvania in the Second Congress as a dem- ocrat and was re-elected to the Third, Fourth and Fifth Congresses, serving from October 24, 1791, to March 3, 1799 ; was again elected to the Eighth, Ninth, Tenth, Eleventh, Twelfth, Thirteenth and Fourteenth Congresses, serving from October 17, 1803, to March 3, 1817; he died near Greensburg, Pennsylvania, April 7, 1821. He published a 'Review of the Funding System,' 1794, a 'History of the Insurrection in Western Pennsylvania' 1796, and several po- litical pamphlets." '■' Amlrew Stewart, or 'Tariff Andy,' whose name will be known for all time to come in the political history of the United St^ites in connec- tion with the tariff, was born in Fayette county, Pennsylvania, June, 1792; received a public- school education ; studied law ; was admitted to the bar in 1815, and commenced practice at Uuiontown ; was appointed by President Mon- roe United States attorney for the western District of Pennsylvania ; was for three years a member of the State House of Representatives ; was elected a representative from Pennsylvania in the Seventeenth Congress as a Jackson dem- ocrat ; was re-elected to the Eighteenth, Nine- teenth and Twentieth Congresses, serving from December 3, 1821, to March 3, 1829; was again elected to the Twenty -second Congress ; was re-elected to the Twenty-third Congress, serving from December 5, 1831, to March 3, 1835 ; was defeated for the Twenty-fourth Con- gress by Andrew Buchanan, whig; was again elected to the Twenty-eighth Congress ; was re- elected to the Twenty-ninth and Thirtieth Con- gresses, serving from December 4, 1843, to March 3, 1849 ; died at Uniontown, Pennsyl- vania, July 16, 1872." John L. Dawson, a leading statesman, a fine orator and the author of the celebrated ' Home- stead Bill,' was born at Uniontown, Pennsyl- vania, February 7, 1813 ; received a classical education, graduating at Washington college ; studied law ; was admitted to the bar and com- menced practice at Brownsville, Pennsylvania ; was United States district-attorney for the western District of Pennsylvania, 1845-48; was elected a representative from Pennsylvania in 76 GEOLOGICAL AND HISTORICAL SKETCH OF the Thirty-second Congress as a democrat, re- ceiving 6,404 votes against 6,135 votes for Ogle, wiiig, and was re-elected to the Thirty- . third Congress, receiving 9,791 votes against [ 7,460 votes for Gowen, whig, serving from December 1, 1851, to March 3, 1855j was appointed by President Pierce governor of Kansas Territory, but declined ; was again elected to the Thirty-eighth Congress, receiving 10,234 votes against 10,009 votes for Steward, Unionist, and was re-elected to the Thirty-ninth Congress, receiving 10,855 votes against 10,730 votes for Fuller, Unionist, serving from De- cember 7, 1863, to March 3, 1867 ; was a del- egate to the National democratic conventions in 1844, 1848, 1860 and 1868, and died at Union- town, Pennsylvania, September 18, 1870." '■'Henry Donnel Foster, one of the ablest lawyers that western Pennsylvania ever pro- duced, Mas born at Mercer, Pennsylvania, December 19, 1812, received a liberal educa- tion at Allegheny college, Meadville, Penn- sylvania, studied law and practiced the pro- fession ; was elected a representative from Pennsylvania in the Twenty-eighth Congress as a democrat, receiving no opposition, and was re-elected to the Twenty-ninth Congress, serving from December 4, 1843, to March 3, 1847; was elected to the House of Representatives of the legislature of Pennsylvania in 1846 and 1847; was the democratic candidate for governor of Pennsylvania in 1860; was a candidate for the Forty-first Congress, but did not secure the seat, and was again elected to the Forty-second Congress as a democrat, receiving 12,399 votes against 11,669 votes for A. Stewart, repub- lican, serving from' March 4, 1871, to March 3, 1873, and died at Irwin, Pennsylvania, on October 16, 1880." The writer, in securing historical matter con- cerning Indiana county, received valuable assist- ance from the county officials of 1890, and from E. B. Clarke, assistant librarian, and C. B. Boggs, an officer of the Mercantile Library of Philadelphia. In Armstrong county he received aid from the county officials, and especially from the clerk of the Board of Com- missioners. In regard to speculative surveys and projected blocks of land from these sur- veys and " shingled " land claims, we received a very accurate and clear account from Judge Silas M. Clark, but unfortunately lost the notes of the same. When Columbus planted the royal banner of Spain on the shores of the new world, and beside it placed the cross of Christian civil- ization, he gazed upon an empire more vast in extent than any of the empires of the east, and stretching for nine thousand miles from pole to pole it rivaled imperial Rome during her golden age in territory, population and rich mines. Of the thousands of counties existing on the North American continent to-day but one perpetuates the name of this great fallen Indian empire — and that one is Indiana county, Pennsylvania. INDIANA COUNTY. 77 INDIANA BOROUGH. AT the northern terminus of the Indiana branch of the Pennsylvania railway, nine- teen miles from its intersection with the main line, and seventy-two miles northeast of Pitts- burgh, is Indiana, the county-seat of Indiana county and one of the most pleasant and healthy towns of this State. Indiana is near the geograph- ical centre of the county and is eligibly built upon rising ground. Its wide streets and side-walks, beautiful residences and substantial business- blocks, and handsome churches and superior schools, all indicate the progressive character and high standing of its people. Indiana com- prises the separate boroughs of Indiana and West Indiana and contains a population of over two thousand. It is the shipping-point for over two-thirds of the county, and exports lumber, bark, grain, live stock, leather and straw-board. It contains good county buildings, eight churches, one of the largest and finest State Normal schools in the United States, excellent public schools, eight hotels and three banks. It is lighted with gas, has good water- works and supports a fire department. It has three planiug-mills, two foundries, three flour- ing-mills, a wagon-works, two tanneries and one of the largest straw- board mills in thig country. Indiana is situated in north latitude 40 degrees 38 minutes and in 2 degrees 8 minutes west longi- tude from Washington City. It was laid out in 1805, and was incorporate 1890. He was a son of Robert Elder, Jr., who married Mary Smith, and whose father, Robert Elder, Sr., the first settler on the ridge that bears his name, was a grandson of Robert and INDIANA COUNTY. 93 Eleanor Elder, who were Scotch-Irish natives of Drummore, county Down, Ireland, and set- tled near Harrisburg, Pa., about 1730. Robert Elder (3d) was a quiet man of wide-spread in- fluence, and was the last, but one, surviving of the fifty original members of Dr. Alexander Donaldson's congregation. He donated the ground for the last church structure of that congregation, besides most generous subscrip- tions toward its erection. He was a hearty supporter of churches and schools, and liberal of means toward any movement for the benefit of his community. He married Nancy W. Doug- lass, who still survives him. One of his sons, Lieut. John D. Elder, was killed at Malvern Hill, while in command of his company. In his private practice Dr. Barr was noted for his sincerity and frankness with his patients. He was a consistent member of the Presbyterian church, and, although sometimes stern in man- ner, yet ids heart was always sensitive to the tale of sorrow or the voice of suffering. He died of Bright's disease of the kidneys, at midnight on Thursday, March 2, 1882. His remains were borne to their last resting-place in Indiana cemetery, by his old comrades in arms, the members of the Grand Army of the Kepublic, but the memory and example of his useful life remains behind him. JOSEPH F. BARNES. — Every town or ^ borough has its wide-awake and leading business men who .seem to have been born to be publicly useful. Of this class of men is Joseph F. Barnes, of Indiana. He is a .sou of Henry and Mary (Chapman) Barnes, and was born in Burrell township, [iidiana county, Pennsylvania, March 4, 1828. The e;irly an- cestors of the Barnes family were rigid non- conformists of England. Several of them suf- fered martyrdom in Eliigland for adhcreuce to their faith, and one of that number was Dr. Barnes, who was burned at the stake. Among the " Puritan Fathers " who settled at Plymouth and other points in Massachusetts were several members of this family. One of these, Richard Barnes, settled in the Massachusetts Bay Colony prior to 1636,. when he served in the Pequod war in Connecticut. Charmeerauce, morality and the oppressed." Ou June 8, 1865, he united in marriage with Mary L. Black, of Blairsville, and their union was blessed with two children: Sarah and Agnes. Major Birkman was a member of the Pres- byterian church and an earnest Christian. He died, April 24, 1880, when in the forty-third year of his age, but left a record upon which his widow and childreu can always look with pleas- ure. His remains were interred in the Blairs. ville cemetery under the auspices of the Grand Army of the Republic. Comrades around his bier, who had been with him on the march, in the camp and ou the battle-field, declared that no truer, braver soldier ever wore the blue than Major Richard M. Birknjan. TUDGE JOHN P. BLAIR. A worthy de- ^ scendent of a time-honored family and a fitting representative of that grand old Scotch- Irish race so distiuguished for high moral character, unflinching courage and undying patriotism, is Ex-Judge John P. Blair, who ranks high among the foremost jurists and the ablest lawyers of Pennsylvania. He is a son of Rev. David and Margaret (Steele) Blair, and was born at Indiana, ludiana county, Penn- sylvania, March 28, 1835. Among the liberty- loving and God-fearing Scotch-Irish Presby- terian families of the north of Ireland, was the Blair family from which Judge Blair is de- scended. His paternal grandparents, Hugh and Jane Blair, were members of Donagar Associate Presbyterian church and were highly respected in the community in which they resided. They were the parents of eight sons and thi-ee daughters. They came to the United States in 1802, and after spending one winter at Steuben- ville, Ohio, removed to near Hartstown, Craw- ford county. Pa., where Hugh Blair purchased a four hundred acre tract of laud. He here lived an exemplary life and died January 5, 1837, when in the ninety-sixth year of his age. His wife had preceded him to the tomb by two years, having passed away on March 10, 1835, aged ninety years. Their eighth son, Rev. David Blair, a graduate of the oldest theologi- cal seminary of the new world and the founder of the United Presbyterian church in ludiana and adjoining counties, was born in the {)arish of Donagar, in Antrim, Ireland, in November, 1786. In early life he was somewhat delicate. Having fitted for college with Rev. McLean, he entered Jefferson college in 1810 and would 98 BIOGRAPHIES OF have graduated in the class of 1812 if his health had not given way early iu that year. Recovering his health somewhat, he spent the required four sessions at Dr. Anderson's Theo- logical seminary, — was ordained in October, 1818, to the ministry of the Associate Presby- terian church and installed as pastor of the United congregations of Indiana, Crooked Creek and Conemaugh. He spent nearly half a cen- tury in laboring for these churches, and as the result of his labors nearly twenty congregations wei-e built up out of them — an unparalleled fact in the history of the United Presbyterian church. While inheriting the sturdy independ- ence and iron-willed determination of his own race, he was remarkably liberal, charitable and enlightened in his views. Rev. W. S. Owens pays this just and eloquent tribute to his char- acter : " He resisted the narrow spirit of exclusive- ness and advocated always the broad principles of Christian charity and unity. No man worked harder to secure that happy union of 1858 (union of Associate and Associate Re- formed churches) which gave birth to our United Presbyterian church. In the great civil war he was a Union man and his pulpit gave forth no uncertain sound on the mighty issues then pending." Rev. David Blair, in 1821, married Margaret Steele, of Hun- tingdon, who was a help-meet to him in the fullest sense of that term. After a long life of quiet and unostentatious usefulness she was called hence April 6, 1865, when in the sixty-fourth year of her age. In 1862 he re- signed from active pastoral work. In 1882, in the ninety-fifth year of his life and in the land of his noble life-work as an able minister and excellent man, death quietly summoned him to the realms of everlasting peace. Hon. John P. Blair was reared at Indiana, and after completing his academic studies, en- tered Washington college, from which he was graduated iu the class of 1852. In 1853 he entered the law office of his eldest brother, Hon. Samuel S. Blair, of Hollidaysburg, and after the required course of reading was ad- mitted to the bar in 1856. During the ensuing year he located at New Castle, Lawrence county, this State, where he practiced until 1859, when he was elected district attorney of that county. He resigned when the late war broke out and enlisted as a private in Co. F., 12th regt., Pa. Vols. At the end of his three months' term of service he re-enlisted as a private and was elected first lieutenant of Co. I, 100th regiment. Pa. Vols. He held this position until after the battles of Second Bull Run, Chantilly and Autietam, when the company, whose ranks had been greatly thinned by the battles through which it had passed, was consolidated with Co. G, and he was commissioned captain of the new-formed company, which was designated as Co. G. When Hilton Head and Beaufort were captured, in the fall of 1861, he was detailed from his company to act as provost marshal and judge advocate general of the Port Royal district, which position he held until his brigade was sent north to join McClellan on the Penin- sula. He was twice wounded. At the first assault on the enemy's earth-works iu the rear of Fort Sumter, in Charleston harbor, a grape- shot struck his sword and inilicted a wound in his side and at the Second Bull Run battle, where his company suffered severe loss, he re- ceived a painful gun-shot wound. After pass- ing through the campaign against Vicksburg, under Grant, and the campaign in east Tennessee, under Burnside, he suffered from a fever, the seeds of which were sown at Vicksburg and which clung to him so tenaciously as to event- ually disable him for further service, and he was honorably discharged on the 31st day of May, 1864. Soon afterward and before his own recovery his mother died, leaving his father alone — the other children being married and residing elsewhere — and at the request of his I father he left New Castle and commenced the INDIANA COUNTY. 99 practice of his profession at Indiana, when his health was sufficiently restored, in the fall of 1865. He was soon employed in important cases and in a short time attained a high stand- ing at the bar. He tried his cases upon their merits, became an impressive, earnest and suc- cessful jury pleader and developed those quali- ties so essential to a calm, unbiased and uuim- passioned consideration of legal matters. His ability, learning, and thorough knowledge of the law recommended iiim to the public as capable of filling the highest judicial position within the gift of the people of Indiana county, and in 1874 he was elected president judge of the Fortieth Judicial District of Pennsylvania, composed of the county of Indiana. When Judge Blair took his seat on the bench, he found the busi- ness of the district many years behind, owing to the fact that the county had previous to his election been iucluded, with Armstrong and Westmoreland counties, in the Tenth Judicial District of Pennsylvania, and its judge had found it impossible to keep up with the busi- ness of three counties. Judge Blair entered upon the duties of his office with the purpose and ambition of disposing of this accumulated mass of business, still further increased by the financial disturbances commencing in the fall of 1873, with such rapidity as would be consistent with care and accuracy, and would leave the dockets entirely clear at the end of his term. It was no ordinary task, but a labor of gigantic proportions ; yet he succeeded in its accomplish- ment and left a clean docket to his successor in office at the end of his ten years' term. He de- cided causes upon their merits alone after such careful and thorough examination of every au- thority bearing upon them, as the circumstances would allow, aud by his entire impartiality and able decisions won the esteem of the public and attained high standing as a judge before the supreme court. The records of his district will show that, notwithstanding the number of jury cases tried by him, he has the i-are distinction of never being reversed in any of them. At the end of his term, in 1885, he resumed and has continued successfully the practice of law in Indiana aud various other counties and before the supreme court of Pennsylvania. Judge Blair is a regular attendant of the Presbyterian church and a member of the Union Veteran Legion. He is a stock-holder and director and the solicitor of the First National Bank of Indiana. He has one of the finest residences and most beautiful homes in Indiana county. On February 14, 1866, he was married to Elizabeth Sutton, daughter of James and Sarah Sutton, of Indiana. Judge and Mrs. Blair are the parents of three children, two sons and one daughter: Margaret S., James S. and David. In politics Judge Blair has ever steadfastly held to the principles of the Republican party. As a lawyer he is well read and easily grasps the salient points of his cases. As a counselor his comprehensive knowledge of the general principles of law render his advice very valu- able and as a jury pleader he is logical in argu- ment and convincing in manner. Before public bodies and in large assemblages or important gatherings, he is a strong and impressive speaker, who clothes logical argument in appropriate and eloquent language. pAPT. ADAM C. BRAUGHLER, com. ^ mander of Indiana Post, No. 28, Grand Army of the Republic, and a prominent citizen and substantial business man of the borough of Indiana, is a son of Solomon and Nancy (Boyle) Braughler, aud was born in Canoe township, Indiana county, Pennsylvania, November 20, 18.37. He is of German ancestry on his pa- ternal side and Irish descent in his maternal line. His grandfather, Adam Braughler, came from Germany to Bucks county, and in 1817 removed to what is now Canoe township, where he died at a ripe old age in 1842. His son, 100 BIOGRAPHIES OF Solomon Braughler (father), was born at Qiiakertown, Bucks county, December 27, 1803. He came in 1817 with his father to Canoe township, wiiere he followed farming and stock-raising till his death which occurred in May, 1870. He was a presbyterian and a demo- crat and held several township offices. He married Nancy Boyle, who was born in White township June 9, 1805, and passed away Jan- uary 6, 1886. She was a member of the Pres- byterian church and her father, Johnson Boyle, came when a young man from county Antrim, Ireland, to what is now White township. He was a farnier, and re-visited his native land several times. Adam C. Braughler was reared on his father's farm in Canoe township and attended the com- mon schools until he was eighteen years of age. He then served an apprenticeship of two and one- half years at the trade of carpenter, which he followed until the dark and stormy days of 1861, when he was one of the first to respond to the Union call for troops. He enlisted as a private in Co. D, 78th regiment, Pa. Vols., and served until November 4, 1864. He was pro- moted to orderly sergeant soon after enlisting, and after the battle of Stone river was commis- sioned second lieutenant. From August, 1862, to January, 1863, he was stationed as a recruit- ing officer at Pittston and Freeport, Pa. In January, 1863, he rejoined his regiment and participated in the battles of Hoover's Gap, Macleymore's Cove, Chickamauga and Grays- ville. He fought above the clouds at Mission- ary ridge and in all the battles of the campaign of 1864, from Chattanooga to Atlanta, Ga., and then was placed under Thomas and served for six mouths beyond his term of enlistment. In the fall of 1865 he became a member of the grocery and shipping firm of Brilhart, Ellis & Co. In 1867 David Ellis retired from the firm, and in February, 1872, Mr. Braughler purchased J. H. Brilhart's interest and since then has successfully conducted a large grocery and queensware business. He enlisted as first lieutenant in the National Guard of Pennsyl- vania, when it was organized in 1875, served in the Pittsburgh riots of 1877 and received his present commission as captain August 7, 1880. He is commander of Post 28, G. A. R., and has been adjutant of encampment No. 11, U. V. L. since its organization. He is a member of the I. O. O. F., the K. of L. and the Jr. O. U. A. M. On April 4, 1865, he united in marriage with Sarah C. Donahey, a daughter of Wm. B. Donahey, of Black Lick township. They are the parents of five children, one son and four daught- ers: Mary, Iva, Sadie, Jessie and William A. Capt. Adam C. Braughler is an unswei'ving republican in politics, was a member of the borough council for four years and is now in the twelfth year of his service as school director. He is a member of the Indiana Presbyterian church, has won friends and patronage in busi- ness by straightforward and honorable dealing and is an enterprising and prominent citizen of Indiana, who takes deep interest and an active part in the military, educational and business affairs of the county. " Tj^PHRAIM CARPENTER was of New -L^ England birth, having been born at Sharon, Vermont, August 10, 1788. When a young man he taught in the academy at Greens- burg, Pa., and tiiere studied law. He com- menced the practice of the law at Indiana in 1819, and remained there until his death, June 10, 1860 (at the age of seventy years). For many years he was deputy attorney-general for Indiana and adjacent counties. He was ex- ceedingly particular and precise in his business habits, and made an excellent prosecuting officer." THOMAS B. CLARK, of Indiana, is an ar- tist who occupies a front rank in the pro- fession of photography. He was born at Union- INDIANA COUNTY. 101 town, Fayette county, Pennsylvania, May 30, 1858, and is a son of Samuel M. and Harriet (Semans) Clark. His paternal grandfather, Sam- uel Alexander Clark, was the only son of Wil- liam Clark, who emigrated to this country from northern Ireland about the time of the Revolu- tioD, and earned his first dollar on this side of the ocean with his musket, in the defence of Independence. When peace was declared he bought land near Uniontown, and settled on it, living there until his death, whic^h occurred in 1828, at the age of eighty-five years. A coin- cidence, in this family was that his wife and himself were born in the same year and died in the same year. Samuel M. Clark, son of Sam- uel Alexander Clark, and father of Thomas B. Clark, was born in the year 1822, in Fayette county, Pa., where he has always resided. He learned the trade of carpenter, which he has followed ever since. For many years he has been a resident of Uniontown, where he is em- ployed at his trade. He is a member of the Baptist church, and in political matters has always given his undivided support to tlic Re- publican party. He married Harriet Semans, who was a daughter of Thomas Semans and died December 16, 1872, aged forty years. She was a faithful and devout member of the Bap- tist church, aud left a family of one son and two daughters. Thomas B. Clark was reared at Uniontown, where he received his education in the public schools. Leaving school, his first employment in life for himself was as a clerk in a grocery house. In 1874 he engaged with E. A. Lingo to learn the art of photography, and after serv- ing a four years' apprenticeship he formed a partnership with Mr. Lingo's brother, Albert Lingo, under the firm-name of Lingo & Clark. They opened a photographic gallery at Indiana, which they conducted successfully for three years, when Mr. Clark purchased his partner's interest and has continued the business until the present time. His photographic gallery 7 and art studio is situated on Philadelphia street. No artist in Indiana county sustains a higher reputation for fine work than Mr. Clark, whose pictures are first-class in representation, execu- tion and finish, while no better commendation of his skill need be mentioned than what is offered by his extensive, influential and con- stantly increasing patronage. His esbiblish- ment is well and tastefully furni.shed, and is provided with the latest photographic appli- ances. Courteous operators are employed, and photography in all its branches is executed in the highest style of the art. June 15, 1882, he united in marriage with Laura E. Kline, daughter of Wellington B. Kline, a prominent dry-goods merchant of In- diana. Their union has been blest with two children, both sons : Welliugtou and George. In politics Mr. Clark is a republican, and has served his borough for five years as a mem- ber of the school board. He is a member of the Indiana Presbyterian church. Palladium Lodge, No. 346, Independent Order of Odd Fellows and Improved Order of Heptasophs. He is ever alive to the rapid advances of his chosen profession in this wonderful age of prog- ress, and is abreast of the times as a progressive photographer. WILLIAM S. COLLINS is a leading citi- zen of Indiana, prominent in business and social circles as well as in the church and secret societies of which he is a member. He was born in W^estmoreland county. Pa., June 6, 1846, aud is a son of Joseph and Rebecca (Young) Collins. Joseph Collins is a native of Westmoreland county. Pa., and came to Indiana county in 1852, locating at West Lebanon. He is a machinist, and worked at his trade until 1868, when he removed to Green township, where he bought a saw-mill, which he run for twenty -one years, moving it first to Cauoe township, and some six years 102 BIOGRAPHIES OF after to Jefferson county, where he run it until 1889. He then found the work too arduous, and sold the saw-mill and bought a farm, on which he now resides in his old age. He is now in his sixty-ninth year. He has always been a stirring, energetic man, cautious and frugal and has acquired a competency. He is an esteemed member of the Presbyterian church. He married Rebecca Young, a daughter of Joseph Young, of Westmoreland county, and now in her sixty-sixth year. Her father, Joseph Young, was all his life a farmer in Westmoreland county. William S. Collins was reared in Indiana county and received a common-school educa- tion. When his father moved from West Lebanon, in 1868, to Green township, he went with him. He remained in his father's employ until 1873 ; then, wearying of the monotony of the work, he learned the art of photography, which he followed for five years. In 1878 he accepted a position as book-keeper and clerk for the lumber firm of J. M. Guthrie & Co. So faithfully did he discharge his duties that for several years he had complete supervision of their business in West Indiana. In the spring of 1889 he united with his father in the general mei'cantile business, under the firm name of J. Collins & Son, since which time they have built up a large trade. Tliey deal in dry-goods, groceries, and all the different arti- cles which go to make up the stock of a first- class store. During the Great Rebellion, William Collins served three mouths in Col. Gallagher's regiment, and aided in Morgan's capture. He was married, in 1865, to Harriet J., daughter of Alex. Henderson, of Indiana county, l)y whom he has five children : Joseph v., Minnie E., George A., Bertram L. and Sarah J. William S. Collins is a prohibitionist, and a member of the Presbyterian church. He is a member of William Penn Council, No. 305, Royal Arcanum, and Ware Union, No. 326, E. A. U., Branch No. 341, O. I. H., and Conclave No. 180, Improved order of Hepta- sophs. He is a public-spirited citizen and always ready to give liis assistance to any scheme which may benefit Indiana. Y INCENT M. CUNNINGHAM, a thorough- ' going and successful business man and the proprietor of one of the oldest and leading general mercantile establishments of the enter- prising borough of West Indiana, is a son of John H. and Mary P. (Thompson) Cunning- ham, and was born in Armstrong township, Indiana county, Pennsylvania, August 28, 1852. His American paternal ancestors came originally from Ireland, and his grandfather, Archibald Cunningham, was born in the latter part of the eighteenth century in the western part of this State. He followed farming in Indiana and Westmoreland counties. He mar- ried Rosanna Hutchinson and reared a family of nine children : Jane, married Andrew Patter- son ; Elizabeth, wife of William Cochran ; Mary, married to William McAdo ; George, Ruth, wife of John Lucas ; John H., Archi- bald, Jr., Martha, married to Rev. Mr. Chap- man ; and Rosanna, wife of L. E. Free!. The second son, John H. Cunningham (father), was born September 11, 1817, in Young township and removed to Armstrong township, where he followed farming until 1864. In that year he returned to White township and purchased a farm. In 1867 he engaged in the general mercan- tile business in the room now occupied, for the same purpose, by the subject of this sketch. He was a republican in politics, a member of the Methodist Episcopal church and a man of good business ability. He had held several township and borough offices, was highly esteemed in the different communities in which INDIANA COUNTY. 103 he had resided and passed away December 17, 1871, at fifty-four years of age. He married Mary P. Thompson, daughter of James Thomp- son, a native and farmer of this county, a rela- tive of Judge Joseph Thompson, and a mem- ber of the United Presbyterian cluirch. He died at Indiana in 1872, at seventy-eight years of age. Mrs. Cunningham was a memljer of the M. E. church, and died January 29, 1874, aged fifty-three years. Mr. and Mrs. Cunning- ham had twelve children, six of whom are liv- ing : A. S., John M., Vincent M., Joanna M., wife of J. T. Gibson ; Phebe J., married to W. W. Lockhard ; and Laura C, wife of Charles Wood. Vincent M. Cunningham was reared until eleven years of age on his father's Armstrong township farm, and then came to the site of West Indiana. He received his education in the common schools of Armstrong and White townships. Leaving school, he assisted his father in the store and on tlie farm till 1872. From 1872 to 1875 he was engaged in farming in White township. In 1877 he embarked in merchandising at Cook port, where he re- mained for five years and enjoyed a good trade. He closed out, however, in 1882, at that place in order to remove to West Indiana, where he had effected the purchase of his father's store. He refitted the entire premises, put in a new and general stock of goods and entered upon his present successful career as a leading mer- chant of Indiana. He united in marriage, on September 19, 1877, with Mary E., daughter of Isaac McHenry, of Clearfield county. Pa. Their children are: John Simmons, Charlie V., Laura B., Edwin B., Mary E. and Joanna M. V. M. Cunningham is a member of Clymer Lodge, No. 28, Knights of Honor, William Penn Council, No. 305, Royal Arcanum, Indiana Conclave, No. 180, Improved Order of Hepta- sophs. Local Branch, No. 341, Order of the Iron Hall, and Indiana Methodist Episcopal church, in which he is now serving as steward. He is a republican, has served as auditor of West Indiana and is now treasurer of his borough. He has carefully followed the laws of commercial progress and prosperity, and as a natural consequence has won mercantile suc- cess and an extensive patronage. JOHN M. CUNNINGHAM, a man of good *J business ability, a popular liveryman, the proprietor of the well-known Cunningiiara liv- ery, feed and sales stables of Indiana, and a dealer in carriages, buggies and sleighs, is a son of John H. and Mary P. (Thompson) Cun- ningham, and was born three miles west of Indiana, in White township, Indiana county, Pennsylvania, June 19, 1848. His paternal grandfather, Archibald Cunningham (see sketch of Vincent M. Cunningham), was of Irish de- scent, and followed farming until his death. His maternal grandfather, James Thompson, of Scotch-Irish descent, was a native of this coun- ty, followed farming in White township and died at Indiana in 1872. John H. Cunning- ham (father) was born on the Cunningham homestead in 1817, and owned a farm, of which forty acres to-day are included in the site of West Indiana. In that borough he was after- wards engaged for many years in the genei'al mercantile business. He was a republican in politics, a member of the Methodist Episcopal church, a man of good business qualifications, a well-respected citizen, and died December 17, 1871, at fifty-four years of age. He married Mary P. Thompson, who was also a member of the Methodist Episcopal church, and died Jan- uary 29, 1874, aged fifty-three years. They reared a family of three sons and three daugh- ters : A. S., John M., Vincent M., Joanna M., wife of J. T. Gibson ; Phebe J., who married W. W. Lockard, and Laura C, wife of Charles Wood. 104 BIOGRAPHIES OF John M. Cunningham was reared as all fanners' sous were at that day, and trained to farm work. He received his education in the common schools, engaged in farming and after- wards became interested in stock-dealing. In 1877 he removed to Indiana, where, in 1880, he engaged in his present livery business. He erected his large livery, feed and sales stable in 1887. It is substantially constructed and most conveniently arranged, being 60x100 feet in di- mensions. It is two stories high, with box-stalls and buggy rooms, has all the modern improve- ments, including the Casper oat-cleaner, and built according to Mr. Cunningham's own plan. He has a well-selected assortment of carriages and buggies and a large stock of sad- dle and harness horses. He also deals exten- sively in carriages, buggies and carts, which he has manufactured especially for him. He has a handsome three story residence, to which lie has added a large and convenient store-room, which he rents. He owns a well-improved tract of three hundred and twenty acres of land in Wilkin county, in the celebrated Red River Valley of Minnesota. As a man he is pleasant, agreeable and genial ; as a citizen public-spirited and progressive, and as a business man is prompt, accurate and reliable. His success in life and his large business patronage are due to his energy, honesty and methods of fair dealing in his various enterprises. He is a member of the Metliodist Episcopal church, a republican in political afiFairs and a man who enjoys the respect of iiis neighbors and patrons. In 1876 he married Maggie McCuue, daugh- ter of Samuel McCune, of Blairsville. They have two children, a son and daughter: John L. and Charlotte McCune Cunningham. WILLIAM S. DAUGHERTY, ex-deputy sheriff and ex-prothonotary of Indiana county, and the proprietor of the well-known Daugherty planiug-raill, is one of the active and progressive business men of the borough. He is a son of James R. and Mary A. (Hart) Daugh- erty, and was born at Saltsburg, Indiana coun- ty, Pennsylvania, January 22, 1846. His paternal grandfather, Hugh Daugherty, was a native of Lycoming county, Pa., and removed in 1799 to Westmoreland county, this State, where he settled on the site of Irwin, in what is now North Huntingdon township. His maternal grandfather, William Hart, was of Scotch descent, and settled in Indiana county, where he resided till his death. James R. Daugherty (father) was born and reared in Westmoreland county until he was fourteen years of age, when he came to the site of Salts- burg to work upon the construction of the old Pennsylvania canal, and there are but few men living now who were engaged upon that work. In 1863 he was elected sheriff^ and removed to Indiana, where he has resided ever since. In 1866 he became a member of the firm of Cole- man, Ewing & Co., who were engaged in the planing-mill business, but withdrew in 1872 to fill a secondterm as sheriff', and three years later purchased the planing-mill of which he had for- merly been part owner. In 1889 he disposed of this mill property to his son, the subject of this sketch. He is a member of the Presbyterian church and a stanch republican, and has held im- portant offices of Indiana borough. He has also been a trustee of the Indiana Normal school for sixteen years. For nearly thirty years he has been|one of the leading citizens and prominent business men of the county. In 1839 he married Mary A. Hart, daughter of William Hart, and who was born in 1820, and is a member of the Presbyterian church. Their family consists of eight children : Robert J., a member of Co. C, 9th regiment Pa. Vols., who died of exhaustion in the Seven Days' fight ; William 8., Martha, wife of John P. St. Clair; James, Frank, Annie, John and Silas C. William S. Daugherty was reared in the INDIANA COUNTY. 105 county and received his education in the com- mon schools and Saltsburg academy. Leaving school, he learned the trade of carpenter, which he followed for three years. At the end of this time he embarked in the drug business, in which he was engagetl, with more or less regu- larity, until 1872, when he became deputy sheriff under his father, and at the expiration of the term of the latter he was successively em- ployed in the same capacity by sheriffs William C. Brown and Daniel Ansley. His third term as deputy sheriif having expired in 1881, he was elected prothonotary of Indiana county in that year, and re-elected in 1884. In 1888 he retired from the prothonotary's office, and in 1889 became superintendent of the erection of the West Indiana school building. Late in the fall of the last-named year he purchased his present planing-mill from his father, and since then has devoted his time and energies princi- pally to supplying the wants of his many patrons and meeting the demands of his constantly- increasing trade. This planing-mill is a large two-story frame building, which was erected in 1856, and has been greatly enlarged and much improved since. The power is furnished by a thirty horse-power engine ; eight men are con- stantly employed, and the large quantity of work which is turned out is first-class in every particular. The building is fitted throughout with all needed conveniences for the planing- mill and lumber business. Mr. Daugherty manufactures and deals in rough and worked lumber of all kinds, consistiny; of flooriua;, weather-boarding, ceiling and bill lumber. He also handles doors, sash, mouldings and brack- ets, and furnishes, on short notice, anything that can be made in a well-regulated planing- mill. He not only enjoys a home trade, but ships work to many points throughout the southern part of the county. On September 19, 1876, he married Martha V. Sanson), daughter of John Sansom, and sister of James B. Sansom, late editor of the Indiana Democrat. They have two children. Hart B. and Ross S. William S. Daugherty is a member of Pal- ladium Lodge, No. 346, I. O. O. F., Indiana Lodge, No. 21, A. O. U. W., and Indiana Lodge, No. 346, F. and A. M. In the Masonic frater- nity he is also a member of Zerubabel Cliapter, No. 162, and Pittsburgh Commandery, No. 1. In politics Mr. Daugherty is an influential re- publican, who, besides the county offices which he has satisfactorily filled, has served his borough for ten years as school director. He is a member of the Presbyterian church, and is one of the leading citizens and foremost busi- ness men of the county. FRANK DOUGLASS, an enterprising citi- zen, a reliable business man and a pros- perous merchant of Indiana, is a son of Barna- bas and Elizabeth (Oaks) Douglass and was born in Green township (near Cherry Tree), Indiana county, Pennsylvania, May 19, 1863. His paternal grandfather, Barnabas Douglass, was born in Ireland, came to Indiana county when a young man, and followed farming until his death, which occurred March 15, 1845, when he was seventy years of age. In 1823 he built, on the Susquehanna river, the Douglass grist and saw-mill, now known as " Garman's Mills." He settled in Green township in 1825, when it was almost all woods, and wolves would chase their stock to the cabin door. His mater- nal grandfather, Stephen Oaks, was born in Maine and came from the " Pine Tree Stale " to western Pennsylvania in 1837, where he was engaged in farming in Indiana and Cambria counties until he died, in 1874, at seventy -eight years of age. He was the eldest of nine sons, and when a boy went with his father to what is now East Sangerville, Piscataqua county, Maine, where, thirty mil&s from human habitations, they cleared out a farm. The moose was their principal dependence for meat. Barnabas Doug- 106 BIOGRAPHIES OF lass (father) was a native of this county. He was a prosperous farmer of Green township, wliere he owned a farm of two hundred acres of land, and in connection with farming handled stock and followed lumberinj;. He was adem- ocrat, a member of Cherry Tree Baptist church and died November 29th, 1875, aged seventy- two years. He married Elizabeth Oaks, who was born in Maine in 1822, and came with her parents to this county about 1837. She is an earnest, zealous and active member of Cherry Tree Baptist church. Frank Douglass was reared on a farm in his native township. He received his education in the common schools and the State Normal school at Indiana. While attending the nor- mal school he taught several M'inters in the common schools. In 1884 he formed a mer- cantile partnership with Barto Beringer, under the firm name of Beringer & Douglass, and they built the dwelling-house and store-room now occupied by Mr. Douglass, on Second street, near the normal school, Indiana, Pa. On December 5, 1884, they opened a store and the firm continued until February 2.3, 1888, when McLain Davis purchased Mr. Beringer's in- terest and the new firm of Douglass & Davis ran about six months. Mr. Davis was sue- | ceeded then by R. O. Barber and the firm of Douglass & Barber continued about six months, when Mr. Douglass bought out Mr. Barber's interest. Since that time Mr. Douglass has continued to gradually increase both his stock \ and his patrons. October 31, 1889, he united in marriage with Bertha Neal, daughter of J. Milton Neal, of Jacksonville, this county. In politics Mr. Douglass is a democrat. He is a pleasant and courteous gentleman and has a wide circle of friends. He has a neat and tasteful store-room which is well filled with a good stock of general merchandise, including special lines of dry -goods, groceries, boots, shoes and notions. He also deals extensively in country produce and pays out a considerable amount of money for the large quantities which he ships every year. He is noted for handling the best shingles in the county. He has the agency of Indiana county for Lister's Agricul- tural Chemical works, of Newark, N. J., which fully explains the cause of his present large trade in commercial fertilizers. " A UGUSTUS DRUM was a son of Simon ■^ Drum, of Greensburg, Pa., and was educated at JeflPerson college. Pa. He studied law under John B. Alexander, at Greensburg, and located in Indiana in 1831. He was a successful lawyer, and a gentleman of pleasant social qualities and a fine literary taste. " He was a member of the Democratic party, and took a decided part in politics, and to some extent was a newspaper writer. He served in the State Senate and in Congress. He died on the 17th day of September, 1858, aged forty-three years." MARTIN EARHART, the accommodating and popular proprietor of the "American House," and president of the " Library Hall," of Indiana, is a son of John and Catherine (Shu maker) Earhart, and was born near the tunnel in Conemaugh township, Indiana coun- ty, Pennsylvania, on the last day of April, 1834. John Earhart, a man of sterling worth and generous disposition, was born in eastern Pennsylvania in 1797, and commenced life for him.self by hauling goods over the "Old Pike " from Philadelphia to Pittsburgh. In 1850 he left teaming and removed to Saltsburg, where he ran the Earhart house for twenty years, and during all that time he was identified with the interests of Saltsburg and exerted himself un- tiringly in everything that pertained to the public weal of the place. He w"as kind and generous to the poor, whose wants he alway INDIAXA COUNTY. 107 relieved with great willingness as well as with great cheerfulness. He contributetl largely to the growth and prosperity of Saltsburg, in which he owned a considerable amount of prop- erty, besides his farm in Couemaugh township. He was a lutheran and a republican, and served his town most acceptably in many places of , honor and trust. In the midst of a life of ac- j tivity and usefulness he was summoned from time to eternity and passed away April 14, 1864, when in the sixty-eighth year of his age. His wife was Catherine Shumaker, of Boiling Springs, Armstrong county, Pa. She was a life-long member of the Lutheran church and died July 4, 1861, aged 54 years. Martin Earhart was reared on his father's farm until he was sixteen years of age, when he went with his parents to Saltsburg and as- sisted them in the hotel. He received his edu- cation in the common schools, and in 1857 engaged in the livery business at Saltsburg? which he followed for five years. He then came to Indiana, where he formed a partner- ship with his brother Solomon, who was the proprietor of a large livery stable. In the spring of 1865 he withdrew from the firm, re- moved to West Indiana and opened a hotel, which he conducted until 1876. In that year he purchased the present well and favorably known " American House," which he has con- ducted successfully ever since. This hotel, which is on the corner of Philadelphia and Eighth streets, was originally a private dwell- ing-house. In 1865 Solomon Earhart added an additional story to it and opened it as the "Continental Hotel." In 1876 Martin Ear- hart became the owner, added the rear wings to the building and changed the name to the " Americau House." December 29, 1859, he married Celia M. Curry, daughter of John R. Curry, of Blairs- ville. To this union have been born seven children : John A., William M., Frank H., Celia G., married to A. H. Chesley, of Pitts- burgh ; Charles E., Flora M. and Harry E. Mrs. Earhart was born January 9, 1839, and passed away on September 16, 1890. She was a woman of many excellent traits of character, and her funeral was attended by a large con- course of her friends and acquaintances. In the various improvements which have been undertaken for the advantage and pros- perity of Indiana Mr. Earhart has always taken an active part. He is a stockholder of the In- diana water-works and a stockholder and presi- dent of Library Hall, which was erected for public entertainments. He is a republican and attends the Presbyterian church, to which he is a liberal contributor. He is a member of the A. O. U. W., the Iron Hall order, the Knights of Honor and the Improved Order of Hepta- sophs. He was a member of the school board which erected the present fine school building of West Indiana. His hotel is well arranged and convenient in all of its appointments, while its proprietor cannot be surpassed by any land- lord in the State for making his guests com- fortable. HON. JOHN P. ELKIN, an active and suc- cessful young lawyer, a potent factor in the present rapid development of the coal fields of Indiana county, and a prominent republican leader in the Thirty-seventh Senatorial Dis- trict of Pennsylvania, is a son of Francis and Elizabeth (Pratt) Elk in, and was born in West Mahoning township, Indiana county, Pennsyl- vania, January 11, 1860. The Elkin family of Ireland has long been resident in the north- ern part of the " Emerald Isle." One of its numerous descendants was Francis Elkin, the great-grandfather of Hon. John P. Elkin. He lived to be eighty-nine years of age, and his wife, Elizabeth Elkin, was a daughter of Joseph Hill, who died in 1844, at the remark- able age of one hundred and seven years. Their sou, William Elkin (grandfather), was born in 108 BIOGRAPHIES OF 1803, raarrial Martha Beattie and came to Pittsburgh iu 1850. Four years late he re- moved to West Mahoning township, where he still resides, at the ripe old age of eighty-seven years. Their son, Francis Elkin (father), was born at Omagh, county Tyrone, Ireland, May 4, 1830, and came, in 1850, to Pittsburgh, where he learned the rolling-mill trade. He soon removed to West Mahoning township, and, after farming for some years, he became a resi- dent of Smicksburg, where he built a foundry I and opened a store. In 1874 he went to Wells- ville, Ohio, and, in company with others, founded the American Tin Plate company, and erected the first mill in this country which ever manufactured tin plate. In 1875 he returned to Smicksburo; and resumed his mercantile busi- ness, in which he continued until his death, Dec. 12, 1882, when in the fifty-second year of his age. He was a member and vestryman of the Protestant Episcopal church of Smicksburg, and built the present church edifice of that re- ligious denomination at that place. He was a republican, and served his township as school j director. Prompt as a business man, honorable as a citizen and scrupulously honest in all of his 1 dealings, he was highly esteemed by all who i knew him. He married Elizabeth Pratt, who was born in 1833, in Queens count}', Ireland, and came to the United States in 1851. She still resides at Smicksburg, and is a member of the Protestant Episcopal church. John P. Elkin was reared at Smicksburg ; he attended the State Normal school at Indiana and was graduated from that favorably-known institution of learning in the class of 1880. He taught in the common schools of the county for several terms, both before and after his gradu- ation. He began his career as a school-teacher when but fifteen years of age. Many of the boys and girls who went to his schools are now occupying positions of trust in many parts of the country. As a teacher he had the reputa- tion of being a decided success. Desiring another field of work, he quit teaching, and de- termined upon the profession of law, and in 1882 entered the law department of the univer- sity of Michigan, and was graduated from that famous institution in 1884, where he carried off the honors of his class, being the orator at the closing exercises. After his graduation he pur- sued the study of law in the office of the able law firm of Watson & Telford, and was ad- mitted to practice in the several courts of In- diana county in September, 1885. Since then he has lieen engaged iu the active prac'tice of his profession at Indiana. In 1884 he was elected as a member of the Pennsylvania House of Representatives. In 1886 he was re-elected and ran two hundred and seventy-one votes ahead of the republican ticket, headed by James G. Blaine. During his first terra he came into notice by championing the oleomargarine act, which became a law after a very exciting con- test, between the farmers on one side and the manufacturers of bogus butter on the other. He was chairman of the Committee on Constitu- tional Reform, and as such had charge of the Constitutional amendment prohibiting the sale of intoxicating licjuors. He was a member of the sub-committee which drafted the amendment afterwards submitted to a vote of the people. He also served on the committees on judiciary general, retrenchment and reform and library. In 1887 he was a delegate to the State conven- tion which nominated Hart for State treasurer and Mitchell for the supreme bench. In 1890 he was a delegate to the Republican State con- vention which nominated Hon. George W. Del- amater, of Crawford county, for Governor of the " Keystone " Commonwealth. This was one of the fiercest contests in the State, and was won after a three months' canva.ss. He united in marriage, on the 17th day of June, A. D. 1884, with Adda P., daughter of John Prothero, president of the First National Bank of Indiana. To their union has been born one child, a daughter, named Helen P. INDIANA COUNTY. 109 The subject of this sketch is a member of the Protestant Episcopal church at Indiana. He is president of the Indiana School board and a member of the board of trustees of the State Normal school. His fine law practice and sig nal success in the political field have not taken his entire time or attention, for he has been largely instrumental, with several others, in de- veloping the Cush creek coal region, and secur- ing the construction of the Cusli creek branch of the Jefferson & Clearfield K. R. He is a director of tiie Homer & Susquehanna railroad, which is now being surveyed with a view of connecting the Cush creek branch with the Indiana branch of the P. R. R. He is also connected with the Gilpin Coal company and various other local enterprises. The coal and coke industry is among the gigantic industrial enterprises that are centred in Western Penn- sylvania. Its growth has been as wonderful as its history is marvelous. Fifty years ago it was known, but to-day it is one of the fore- most industries of the Unitwl States. Some of its rich fields are those of Indiana county, which are being developed by Mr. Elkin and other public-spirited men of this section. John P. Elkin is of the sturdy Scotch -Irish stock. He has a high standing at the bar, wields great influence in the political field, and has been, throughout the few sliort years of his public life, a tiiorough business man of earnest will and vast industry. He is pre-eminently the architect of his own fortune, as he inherited nothing save a strong body and good mind, and his remarkable success is an evidence of what those imperial qualities — energy and de- cision — can accomplish for their fortunate pos- sessor. "pRANK T. EMPFIELD, a courteous and -L pleasant gentleman and the present clerk of the board of commissioners of Indiana county, is a son of Isaac and Clarissa (Churchill) Empfield, and was born at Greenville, Cherry Hill township, Indiana county, Pennsylvania, March 26, 1860. Among the jiiany reliable German settlers of eastern Pennsylvania were the Empfields, and one of their descendants, wIk) settled in Indiana county during the early years of the present century, was Peter Emp- field, the grandfather of the subject of this sketch. He followed farming, reared a very respectable flimily of children and died in 1870, at the ripe old age of eighty-four years. His son, Isaac Empfield (father), was born in Brush Valley township, November 20, 1818, and died July 5, 1872, when in the fifty-fourth year of his age. He was an extensive farmer of his native township and owned about six hundred acres of land. He became a resident of Green- ville when a young man and was prominent and influential in the affairs of that place as long as he lived. In addition to the management and supervision of his farms he kept a first-class hotel and livery stable at Greenville, and dealt largely in stock. As a republican and a presbyterian he was active in religious and political matters in his section of the county. His wife was Clarissa Churchill, who still re- sides at Greenville and has been for over twenty years a member of the Presbyterian church. Frank T. Empfield was reared to manhood at the pleasant village of Greenville. He re- ceived his education in the public schools and the academy of that place. Leaving Greenville academy he engaged in farming which he fol- lowed for two years and then (1884) embarked in the drug business at Greenville, in which he continued succe-ssfully until 1888. In Decem- ber of that year he w;us offered, and upon signi- fying his willingne.ss to accept, was elected to his present position of clerk of the board of commissioners of Indiana county. Since then he has given his time and attention to the many and various duties of his office, in which he has acquitted him.self very eredital)ly. June 18, 1890, he united in marriage with no BIOGRAPHIES OF Ruth Porter, daughter of the late Colonel Dauiel S. Porter, who was, during his life- time a well-known citizen and attorney of Indiana. Frank T. Empfield is a member of the Cos- mopolitan, the leading club of Indiana, and various other social organizations. He is a de- cided republican in his political opinions and his work so far in the commissioner's office has been satisfactory to the public. DAVID HALL, D.D. It is the privilege of few men who are engaged in the work of the Christian ministry in this State to be so highly respected as the Rev. David Hall, D.D., the pastor of the First Presbyterian church of Indiana since 1874. Of him it is re- corded in the standard historical work of the Presbyterian church of the United States, that "his ministry in Indiana has been largely blessed " and that " he is greatly beloved and admired by his people." David Hall, D.D., is a son of David and Margaret (Hiudman) Hall and was born at Slate Lick, Armstrong county, Pennsylvania, December 13, 1828. Of the numerous Hall families in the United States, which have produced eminent divines of the Presbyterian church, one is the Hall family of Indiana county, which was founded by Capt. David Hall, who was a native of England and came with his parents to Westmoreland county when quite young. He became an early settler of Armstrong county, served as a captain in the war of 1812 and participated in several Indian expeditions into the Western Reserve of Ohio, where he afterwards took up several large tracts of land. He married Jane Jackson and died March 27, 1836, at the age of 74 years. His son, David Hall, was born October 27th, 1792, and died at Slate Lick, May 18th, 1884, when rapidly nearing his ninety-second mile-stone on the pathway of life. His first business was manufacturing salt in the Kis- kiminetas Valley, which he soon abandoned to engage in farming. He was an old-time demo- crat, an extensive farmer, an upright, truth- ful man and an exemplary member of the Presbyterian church. He was remarkable for strength of purpose. Christian charity and moral firmness. He married Margaret Hindman, who was a daughter of James and Mary (Mc- Clellan) Hindman, and a member of the Presbyterian church. She was born June 25, 1793, in Armstrong county, where she died March 15, 1864. Rev. David Hall was reared on a farm until he was sixteen years of age. He received his elementary education in the subscription schools, attended Kittanning academy and at sixteen '. years of age entered Jefferson college, at Can- nonsburg. Pa., from which institution he was graduated with honors on March 30, 1850. j Leaving college, he served for eighteen months as assistant principal of the Witherspoon insti- tute, a presb}terian academy at Butler, Pa. At the end of this time he resolved to devote his life to the cause of Christianity and entered the Western Theological seminary, of Allegheny, Pa., to prepare for the work of the ministry. After three years of hard and profitable study, he was graduated May, 1854, with high standing in his class. In the mean time, June 20, 1854, he was licensed by the presbytery of Allegheny, Pa., but wishing to be thoroughly prepared for his work, he went, after his graduation at Allegheny, to Princeton Theological seminary, where he spent one year as a resident graduate and took the post- graduate course of that thorough and efficient institution. Returning from Princeton, he was called as oo-pastor of the First Presbyterian church of Columbus, Ohio, .serving with Rev. Dr. James Hoge. He remained there about one year, then accepted a call from his native county and was ordained and installed by the Presbytery of Allegheny on November 5, 1856, 4^ INDIANA COUNTY. 113 as pastor of Union and Brady's Bend churches, of Armstrong county. His pastorate of these two churches was a very pleasant and successful one and extended over a period of eleven years. It terminated in 1867, when he became pastor of the Presbyterian church of Mansfield, Ohio, where he labored with acceptance and good re- sults until 1874. On June 30th of that year he was installed as pastor of the First Presbyterian church of Indiana, which he has served ac- ceptably ever since. When he assumed his present charge the membership was threo hun- dred and fifty, but now the church-roll bears the names of five hundred and twenty members- In 1858 Jefferson college conferred the degree of D.D. upon him for his ability, learning and valuable services in the ministry. In 1857 he was elected at Jefferson college as professor of Latin and Literature, and in 1858 he served as a member of the General Assembly of the Presbyterian Church, held in New Orleans, In political matters Dr. Hall is a democrat from principle. December 2, 1856, he married Elizabeth Walker, daughter of David Walker, of Butler, Pa. Their children are : Edward Payson, Henry Walker, Laura Baudelle, Mary Camp- bell and Caroline Rowland. The eldest son, Edward Payson Hall, is an attorney of the pension bureau, in Washington City, and the second son, Henry Walker Hall, is a successful artist of New York city, who spent three years in art studies in Paris, France, and is now en- gaged in illustrating. Dr. Hall is of fine physique and dignified bearing. He is an impressive and earnest speaker, whose style is characterized by clear- ness, simplicity and strength. As a minister of God and an ambassador for Christ, no one has ever mistaken his character or his purpose. \\ hilc gentle to all men, yet he is never pliant, and his every word, tone and gesture bears the unmistakable impress of sincerity. Rather timid in disposition, with no desire to preach on set occasions, yet he is bold as a lion in the pulpit, in rebuking vice, folly and injustice. In the biography of Dr. Hall in the Ency- clopedia of the Presbyterian church in the United States, Rev. Alfred Nevin, LL.D., says: " He (Dr. Hall) is a man of fine scholarship and much culture, and his motto seems to be, * Do all the good you can and say nothing about it.' In his preaching he emphasizes Christian morality, honor, manliness, integrity, truth, chivalry, charity and helpfulness, as in the sight of God and in the love of Christ. He teaches that salvation is largely character and exalts Christ's offices of Prophet (or Teacher) and King, as well as his office of Priest. He abounds in illustrations from nature. He makes an impression on the community by his efforts to tone up public morals." T CLEMENT HASINGER. Although oue ^ ' of the younger business men of Indiana, J. Clement Hasinger is noted for the indus- try and frugality which so much tend to make busiuess a success, and when we add to this the simple encomium that means so much. He is an honest man, we have noted his whole character. He is a son of Clement and Susannah (Rising) Hasinger, and was born at Indiana, Indiana county, Pennsylvania, Jan- uary 24, 1862. His father, Clement Hasinger, was a native of Bavaria, and in 1853 came to Indiana, where he engaged in the grocery busi- ness for some twenty-five years, when he retired from active busiuess life, leaving to his sons, as a result of his untiring energy, a well-estab- lished business. He was a member of the Catholic church and a democrat. He died December 8, 1888, aged sixty-three years. His wife was a daughter of Martin Rising, who came to this country with her parents in 1839, landing at Baltimore. They settled in Cherry Hill township, where Martin Rising bought a 114 BIOGRAPHIES OF farm on which he still lives, being now eighty- five years of age. He is a member of the Cath- olic church, as is also his daughter, Mrs. Has- iuger, who lives in Indiana with her sons, and is now in the fifty-third year of her age. J. Clement Hasinger receivetl his education in the public schools of Indiana. Leaving school, he assisted his father in the grocery store until the latter gave up the business, in 1888, to J him and his brother, John E., who have since done business under the firm-name of Hasinger Bros. John E. also runs a cigar fac- tory at Indiana, while J. Clement owns a bread and cake bakery. On October 5, 1880, he was married to Mary, youngest daughter of Conrad Bergman, of Indiana. They have two children, a daugh- ter, named Florence, and a son, William Ralph. J. Clement Hasinger is a democrat in politi- cal opinion, and a member of the Catholic Knights of St. George. The Hasingers — father and sons — are an example of what industry and frugality, the noted German characteristics, will accomplish. JOHN S. HASTINGS. One of the most " useful and important industries of any town or city is the lumbei business. A repre- sentative lumber manufacturer and dealer of Indiana county is John S. Hastings, a soldier of the late war and the proprietor of the Hastings planing-mill. He was born near Dayton, Armstrong county, Pennsylvania, January 16, 1848, and is a son of Enoch and Eliza (Sutor) Hastings. He is a descendant of the old Hastings family of England. His grandfather, John Hastings, lesided nearBelle- fonte, Centre county, this State, where he died. His .son, Enoch Hastings, was born in 1781, removed to Armstrong county, near Day- ton, where he worked at his trade of black- smith and was engaged for many years in farming and operating a flouring-mill. He soon became a leading citizen in the com- munity in which he resided. He was a member and deacon of the Baptist church and served as a justice of the peace and in local offices for many years. He died on his farm near Dayton in 1855, in his seventy-fourth year. He married Eliza Sutor, daughter of John Sutor, who was a native of Scotland and after coming to this State located in Washing- ton county, but subsequently removed near Marion, this county, where he followed farm- ing till 1875, when he passed away in the ninety-sixth year of his age. Mrs. Eliza Hastings was born in Washington county and was brought at seven years of age to this county, where she was reared in the faith of the Presbyterian church, with which she united in early life, but subsequently joined the Bap- tist church. She died in 1883, aged about 72 years, and her remains were interred at Marion, while her husliand's, body was en- tombed in the Glade Run church-yard in Armstrong county. John S. Hastings was reared on a farm un- til he was 16 years of age, and received his ed- ucation in the common schools and Dayton academy. On February 23, 1864 — just shortly after his .sixteenth birthda}' — he enlisted in the United States Signal Corps and served till he was honorably discharged at San Antonio, Texas, April 20, 1866. During the last named year he went to Pittsburgh, Pa., where he work- ed at the trade of carpenter with William Dick, and in the fall of 1867 came to Indiana. There he finished his trade with his uncle, Johu Sutor, for whom and with whom he worked until 1872. He then purchasetl his uncle's half-interest in a planing-mill and be- came a member of the firm of Lowry, Hastings & Co. In 1877 hepurcliased Lowry's interest, and the firm was Hastings & Leach until June, 1879, when Mr. Leach sold his share to Col. D. S. Porter and the business was carried on in the name of John S. Hastings. INDIANA COUNTY. 115 The Hastings planing-mill is a two-story frame, 50x113 in dimensions, and is run by a forty-five horse-power engine and supplied with all late and improved machinery. The central portion of the mill was erected in 1866; next the southern addition was built and later the eastern addition was erected. Mr. Hastings keeps constantly on hand a large stock of rough and dressed pine, oak, hemlock and all other kinds of lumber and manufactures doors, sash, blinds, frames, scroll work, stair rails, lath and shingles in large quantities to supply the wants of his many patrons. He is also a contractor and has built a great many buildings. The Indiaua county jail, First Presbyterian church of Kittanning and Jackson street Bap- tist church of Scranton, Pa., being among the number. He was married, February 28, 1884, to Vir- ginia Coleman, a resident of Indiana, but a native of Wheeling, W. Va. Their union has been bles.sed with one child, a son, named Ralph Wendell Hastings. John S. Hastings is a republican in politics and supports his party whenever it is necessary, but is no politician. For twenty )-ears he has been identified with the material interests and prosperity of Indiana. Every movement for the advancement of the borough has met with his approval, enlisted his attention and secured his support. His business has built up with the town in its steady and substantial growth and de- velopment of the last two decades. His busi- ness has expanded slowly from year to year until it has attained very respectable proportions and extends over considerable area of territory. Mr. Hastings is a notable example of a wide-awake and self-made man. THOMAS E. HILDEBRAND. Prominent among the leading representatives of the drug business in this section is Thomas E. Hildebiand, the proprietor of the oldest drug house in Indiana county and one of the young and progressive business men of Indiana borough. He is a son of William B. and Sarah (McClaran) Hilde- j brand, and was born at Indiana, Indiana county, Pennsylvania, February 18, 1860. His ances- tors were early settlers in this State. The Hil- debrand family is one of the old families of Adams county. His paternal grandfather, Wil- liam Hildebrand, was a sou of John Hilde- brand, of German origin, and married Elizabeth Swigart. One of their .sons was William B. Hildebrand (father), who was born in Adams county in 1825 and removed in 1853 to Indi- ana borough , where he embarked in the drug business, which he followed until his death, which occurred in 1886, when in the sixty- first year of his age. He was an experienced and enterprising business man who had estab- lished a wide reputation for honorable dealing and was highly esteemed by the many who knew him. On account of his business ability and experience, in 1876 he was elected .secretary of the Indiana State Normal school of Pennsyl- vania. His services were so satisfactory in this position that he was annually re-elected till his death, in 1886. He was a member of the Indi- ana Presbyterian church, in which he had served ten years as a trustee. In politics he was a re- publican, but aside from a general interest in political matters he devoted his time chiefly to the management of his business undertakings. In 1859 he married Sarah McClaran, by whom he had six children, three sons and three daugh- ters: Thomas E., Gertrude, Frank, Walter, Willie M. and Mary (deceased). Mrs. Sarah Hildebrand was born at Blairsville, this county, in 1826, and is a member of the Presbyterian church. She is a daughter of Hon. William McClaran, who was of Scotch-Irish descent. He was born in .Indiana county, where he always lived. He was an old line whig, a strict Presbyterian and a man who com- manded respect by the integrity of his actions 116 BIOGRAPHIES OF and the uprightness of his life. He represented his native county twice in the State legislature and served two terms as register and recorder of Indiana county, being elected to the latter posi- tion iu 1842 and re-elected in 1845. Thomas E. Hildebraud was reared at Indiana, where he received his education in the public schools aud the State Normal school of that place. His first employment was in the drug business with his father, whom he assisted till the death of the latter, when he purcliased aud assumed entire charge of the drug store and has continued successfully to conduct it ever since. In 1889 he tore down the old building aud erected on its site his present large and beauti- ful three-story brick drug house, 21 x 75 feet in dimensions. His establishment is on Philadel- phia street, and is one of the best furnished drug houses in the western part of the State. ; His stock is large and varied in order to meet the numerous demands of his constantly increas- ing patronage. He is a skillful and accom- j plished druggist and an agreeable gentleman of excellent business qualifications. In 1884 Thomas E. Hildebrand was made teller of the Indiana County Deposit bank, which position he still holds. He is a member of the Cosmopolitan club, which is composed of the young business men of Indiana. Mr. I Hildebrand is a republican in political opinion, has served three terms asauditor of his borough and takes considerable interest in political af- j fairs. He is also well informed upon the im- portant events of this wonderful age, and has acquired quite a fund of general information. JOHN H. HILL, one of the Hancock and English democratic presidential electors of Pennsylvania in 1880, a well-known member of the Indiana bar since 1874 and a soldier of the Army of the Potomac during 1864 and 1865, was born at Elderton, Armstrong county, Penn- sylvania, October 12, 1848, and is a son of Dan- iel and Eliza A. (Trimble) Hill. On both his paternal and maternal side he is of Scotch-Irish descent. His grandfather, Daniel Hill, Sr., was a native and resident of some county in the eastern part of the State until he attained his majority, when he joined the hardy pioneers who were venturing into the forest regions v/est of the Allegheny mountains at the risk of their lives. He settled in what is now Westmoreland county, where he died. His son, Daniel Hill, was born in 1817, learned the trade of mill- wright, and removed to Armstrong county, where he remaineil until 1855. He then came to Indiana county aud embarked in the lumber business on the Susquehanna river, which he followed up to 1880, when he removed to White township and has been engaged in farming ever since. He is a Presbyterian in religious belief, a democrat in political faith and has .served in various township offices. He married Eliza A. Trimble, who was born in 1811 and died in 1866. She was a daughter of Thomas Trimble, a life-long resident and well-to-do farmer of Westmoreland county, who died in 1850. John H. Hill was reared principally at Cher- ry Tree, this county. He attended the common schools, Pine Flat academy and Cherry Tree col- lege, a chartered institution which has since gone down. In 1870 he entered Washington and Lee university at Lexington, Va., and became a student in the law department of that institution, from which he was graduated in the law class of 1873. One year later he was admitted to the Indiana 'county bar, and since that time has been actively engaged in the practice of his profession in the courts of this and adjoining counties. In 1864 he enlisted in Company K, 88th Regiment, Pennsylvania Volunteers (from Philadelphia), participated in all the principal battles of his regiment, and was honorably discharged under general orders at Washington City in 1865. He is a member of Indiana Post, No. 28, G. A. R. INDIANA COUNTY. 117 In 1873 he married Mollie I. Kingports, daughter of David R. Kingports. They have one child, named Don James Hill. John H. Hill is considerably interested in manufacturing, and is the senior member of the firm of J. H. & W. B. Hill, proprietors of the Hill flouring mill and Hill woolen factory, of White township, which are in operation. In addition to his investments with his brother in milling and woolen manufacturing, he owns a grain and stock farm of considerable size. He is a stanch democrat, one of the democratic leaders of the county, and has served as school director for six years and as a member of In- diana borough council for the same length of time. He was chairman of the Democratic county committee for three years. He was nominated by his party for prothonotary, and again for district attorney, and, although polling the full democratic strength and receiv- ing complimentary votes from the opposition party, yet was bound to be defeated in a county largely republican. Mr. Hill is an active and energetic worker in his profession and enjoys a good practice. HON. GEORGE W. HOOD. Among the prominent citizens and public men of Indiana county who are held in high esteem for integrity, good judgment and business and pro- fessional ability is Ex-State Senator George W. j Hood. He is a son of James and Margaret (Trimble) Hood, and was born in White town- ship, Indiana couuty, Pennsylvania, December 1, 1846. The historic north of Ireland, which contributed so largely to the worthy pioneer stock of early settlers in Indiana couuty, was the birth-place of his paternal grandparents, Thomas and Jane (Henderson) Hood. They left the home of their childhood and early associations in life and settled in 1799 in what is now Indiana county, where Thomas Hood died in 1861, aged 83 years. Of the family which they reared in their new found home one son is James Hood (father), who was born in 1810. Upon arriving at manhood he engaged in farm- ing, which he pursued until 1880, when he retired from active business life. He resides at Indiana, is well preserved for his four-score years and is a consistent member of the United Presbyterian Church. He is a republican in politics, has always been active in support of his party and served creditably as treasurer of Indiana county from 1851 to 1853. He mar- ried Margaret Trimble, who died January 1, 1888, and reared a family of six sons and three daughters. George W. Hood was reared on the home farm in White township. He attended Dayton academy in Armstrong county and Tuscarora academy of Juniata couuty, and then entered Westminster college, Lawrence county, from which well-known institution of learning he was graduated in the class of 1870. After grad- uating he read law with Hon. A. W. Taylor and was admitted to the Indiana county bar in December, 1872. The summer of the ensuing year he spent in traveling through Europe for the purpose of gaining general information of the habits and customs of its people and the laws and institutions of its leading nations. During the latter part of 1873 he opened a lawof3fice at Indiana, where he has been engaged ever since in the active and successful practice of his pro- fession. In 1882 he made a trip to Europe on professional business and spent some time in Ireland, England and France. In 1884, in recognition of his many valuable political ser- vices and on account of his fitness for the posi- tion, he was nominated for State senator by the Republican party of Indiana county. He was elected in November, 1884, and for four years creditably represented the Thirty-seventh Sena- torial District of Pennsylvania. He served on the committees on federal relations, judiciary (both general and special) and congressional appointment. His legal ability and profes- 118 BIOGRAPHIES OF sioual ability and political experience well fitted him for the efficient service which he rendered on those four important committees. During the session of 1885, Senator Hood with Senator Biddis, of Pike, and Ex-speaker Faunce, of i Philadelphia, Robinson of Delaware and • Sponsler of Perry, were the committee ap- ' pointed on the Senate and the House for the purpose of inquiring into the fitness of district Judge Kirkpatrick of Allegheny county. He had refused to resign after a petition had been sent into legislature for his removal on account of his physical disability to fill the office. The com- mittee removed. His entire course in the State senate was such as to gain him many warm friends in the ranks of the opposition as well as among his own colleagues on the republican side of the senate. While ever alive to the interests of j his own district, yet he never slighted the actual needs or just requirements of any other section of the State. In 1890 he was appointed and served as supervisor of the Eighth Census District of Pennsylvania. His patriotism was shown in the late war, when, at the age of seventeen years, he entered Co. F, 2d Battalion (six months) Pa. Vols., and yielded most will- ing service in the armies of the imperiled Republic in her ever-memorable struggle against ; dismemberment and dissolution. His interest still continues unabated in his companions in arms of the Great Rebellion, and is manifested by his membership in, and services for Indiana Post, No. 28, Grand Army of the Republic. In 1878 he married Sarah E. Ehrenfield, daughter of Rev. A. C. Ehrenfield, of Indiana. Mrs. Hood died November 12, 1879 and left one child, a son named Augustus. On December 22, 1888, Mr. Hood united in marriage with Adalene M. Quigg, a handsome and talented lady of Oswego, New York. Senator Hood is a large and fine looking man of good address and affiible manners. He is of Scotch-Irish descent, has a large law practice and is a very pleasing speaker. In 1887 he was largely instrumental in the organization of the Indiana Water company, of which he was and is its president. Their water works are on the artesian well .system and carry fifty pounds pressure in their pipes, which can be increased to one hundred and thirty pounds in case of fire. He owns land in Idaho, is interested in the irrigating system of that State and has ttt'ice visited the Pacific coast states. Senator Hood devotes his energies to the practice of his profession and to such financial and business iluties as- naturally come to a man in his position. He is a popular republican leader, has been very successful in the political arena and stands well with the masses, whose true interests he has alway advocated and defendetl. SUMMERS M. JACK. One of the promi- nent names which go to make up the strength and give importance to the Indiana count}' bar is that of Summers M. Jack, the late efficient district attorney and one of the rising lawyers of western Pennsylvania. He was born at Summersville, Jefferson county, Pennsylvania, July 18, 1852, and is a son of Lowry and Cornelia (Baldwin) Jack. As the name would indicate, the Jack family is of Scotch origin. Jacob Jack, the grandfather of the subject of this sketch, was born and reared in Scotland, which he left when a young man to come to this State, where he settled in Cen- tre county at an early day in its history. He married Sarah Collin, of that county, and after- wards removed with his family to Clarion county, where he died in 1831. His sou, Lowry Jack, was born in Clarion county. Pa., July 18, 1830. He is a carpenter and painter by trade, but is chiefly engaged in the lumber business, and resides at Summersville, Jetlerson county, this State. He is a member of the Methodist Episcopal church, is a republican in politics, has served as a school director, and held other township offices. His wife is a na- INDIANA COUNTY. 119 tive of Summersville, which was named for her uncle, Summers Baldwin., .Her father, Alonzo Baldwin, owned at that time the large tract of land which included the site of that town. Alonzo and Eliza (Carrier) Baldwin (maternal grandparents) were natives of Connecticut, and came from that State to Pennsylvania early in life, where they were married. Alonzo Bald- win died iu LSoS, when in the sixty-second year of his age, and his wife passed away two years later, at the age of sixty years. Summers M. Jack was reared at Summers- ville, where he received his early education in the public and private schools of tliat place. He completed his education at the State Normal school at Indiana, then was engaged in teaching for two vears in the common schools of Jeffer- son county, and came to Indiana borough, where he was vice-principal of the high school. He filled this position satisfactorily for four years, when he relinquished teaching, although it offered him some very remunerative positions, and commenced reading law with the Hon. Silas M. Clark. After two years of diligent and assiduous reading, he was admitted in 1879 to the Indiana county bar. The same year he opened an office and entered upon the active practice of his profession, which he has followed successfully ever since at Indiana. In the fall of 1883 he was elected by the Republican party as district attorney of Indiana county, and his course of action during his term was so highly satisfactory that in 1886 he was re-nominated and re-elected as district attorney for a second term, which expired January 1, 1890, when he retired from the office, after six continuous years of hard and faithful services in the inter- ests of the county. Since returning to his in- dividual practice as a lawyer, he has continually increased his influence and extended his prac- tice. He is well read, thorough and practical, and prosecutes his cases with all possible care and attention. He is a clear thinker, an earn- 8 est and effective speaker, and a diligent and persistent worker. On November 8th, 1881, he united in mar- riage with Margaret F. IMitchell, daughter of W. J. and Sai-ah E. (Adair) Mitchell, of West Indiana. They have two children, both sous: William J. and James L. In politics he is a strong republican, and has always worked for the success of the prin- ciples of his party. He has held various bor- ough offices, and is a member of the United Presbyterian church. In 1886 Mr. Jack Wius appointed by Gov. Pattison to represent the State as a member of the board of trustees of the State Normal school at Indiana, and at the expiration of his term of service he was re-ap- pointed by Gov. Beaver for a second term, which will expire iu 1892. Summers M. Jack has won respect, confidence and esteem by his honesty, his ability and his energy. As a law- yer, he is true to his client ; as a business man, he is exact, prompt and accurate ; as a citizen, he is honorable and just, and as a friend, he is kind and faithful. JOHN A. JOHNSTON, a successful business man of twenty years' experience and one of the leading merchants of Indiana, was born in Plum Creek township, Armstrong county, Pennsylvania, June 20, 1847, and is a son of Andrew and Rebecca (Mahan) Johnston. His paternal grandfather, John Johnston, was a native of and followed flirining in Plum Creek township, where he died June 19, 1843, while his wife, Jane (McCreight) Johnston, lived till September 16, 1862, when she passed away iu the eighty-fourth year of her age. His ma- ternal grandfatlier, William Mahan, was a native of county Donegal, Ireland, and came to this country about 1819. Andrew Johnston (father) was born January 23, 1811, and reared in Plum Creek township, where he has always resided, being successfully engaged iu farming. He died 120 BIOGRAPHIES OF Sept. 9, 1890, wheu in the eightieth year of his age, but the hand of Time had dealt gently with him and he was well preserved for an octogenarian. He was a democrat, a prosperous farmer and a member of the United Presby- terian church. His wife, Rebecca (Mahan) Johnston, was born in Ireland, November 13, 1816, and was brought to this country by her parents when only three years of age. She is a member of the same church as her hus- band. John A. Johnston was reared on a farm and attended the common schools until 1864, when he went to the oil region of this State. Five years later he entered upon his successful mer- cantile career by engaging as a clerk with J. W. Marshall & Co., of Atwood, Armstrong county, Pa. In October, 1870, he and Thomas Martin bought out Marshall & Co., and ran for ten months under the firm name of Johnston & Martin. They then admitted John Stewart as a partner, and continued business under the name of Johnson, Martin & Stewart until May, 1873, when Mr. Johnston sold out to his part- ners. On Christmas, 1873, he formed a part- nership with W. G. L. Black, of Ambrose, and spent two years there in the mercantile business. He then retired from the firm and was engaged in the produce business until the fall of 1879, when he purchased the store of J. P. Leach, on Church street, Indiana. In 1882 he admitted A. T. Lowery as a partner, and in December, 1887, disposed of his entire interest to Mr. Lowery. In January, 1888, he bought one- half interest in Fred. Wegley's store, on the corner of First and Philadelphia streets, in West Indiana. In June, 1889, Mr. Wegley was killed in a flouring-mill, and Mr. Johnston purchased his interest of his heirs. In April, 1890, he sold a half interest to D. C. Mack, the present sheritf of Indiana county, and the pres- ent successful and prosperous mercantile firm of Johnston & Mack was inaugurated. Their es- tablishment is known by the popular name of " The Farmers' Headquarters," and they carry a full and complete stock of general merchandise, deal in agricultural implements and purchase all kinds of country produce. They command a large share of trade and patronage. John A. Johnston was married on December 20, 1870, to Margaretta Black, daughter of Samuel Black, of Armstrong county. To their union have been born five children : Ida E., Olive R., Rebecca A., Wellington B. and Martha B. In politics Mr. Johnston is a republican. He is a member of the Merchants' and Salesmen's association of Philadelphia, Pa., and a member and elder of the United Presbyterian church. Much of his good fortune and mercantile success is due to his business ability, venture, activity and enterprise, yet a considerable part of his prosperity is attributable to his reliability, promptness and fair dealing. FRANK KEENER, one of the young and promising members of tiie Indiana county bar and secretary of the Republican county committee, is a son of Johnston and Lena A. (Armstrong) Keener, and was born in Arm- strong township, Indiana county, Pennsylvania, January 24, 1862. The grandparents of Frank Keener on his paternal side were of German descent and became residents of this county, in which they afterwards died. The grandfather, Isaac Keener, was a native of Armstrong county, this State. He was a republican and a hard-working farmer, and died in 1877, aged seventy-five years. His .sou, Johnston Keener, was born in Armstrong township, where he was reared to manhood, after which he removed to White townshij), and engaged in his present occupation of farming. He is a republican, a member of the Indiana United Presbyterian church and a reliable citizen. He has served in nearly all of his township's local offices and is in the fifty-sixth year of his age. He mar- INDIANA COUNTY. 121 ried Lena A. Armstrong, who was born in 1836, and is a member of the same church as her husband. She is a daughter of John Arm- strong, who is a native of Armstrong township. He is of Scotch-Irisii descent, was born in 1804 and belongs to the U. P. church. He is a re- pul)lican in polities. Frank Keener was reared on a farm until he was eighteen years of age. His early education was received in the conmiou seiiools of his native township. He then took a three years' college preparatory course at the Indiana Noi- mal school and entered the University of Woos- ter, Ohio, from which institution of learning he was graduated in June, 1887. During the winter of 1887-88 he was principal of Van Buren High school, Hancock county, Ohio, and also superintendent of the schools of the town- ship adjoining Van Buren. In the spring of 1888 he commenced reading law with the legal firm of Watson & Telford and was admitted to the bar of Indiana county in November, 1889. After his admission to practice in the courts of the county he engaged in his profession at In- diana, where he lias his office with Watson & Telford, with whom he read. He has secured a practice which is steadily increasing and is regarded as a safe counselor and careful pleader. He is a member of the Presbyterian church, an active republican and has been serving since June, 1889, as secretary of the Republican county committee. As a high school principal and superintendent he was very successful, and in the practice of law he bids fair to make his mark at a day not far distant in the future. JAMES M. KELLY was a native of Indi- ana county, sou of James Kelly and one of the early settlers of the county. At an early day the attention of George Armstrong, a lawyer of Greensburg, Pennsylvania, who attended the courts at Indiana, was arrested by the sprightli- ness of young Kelly and his skill as a performer on the violin. Armstrong, who was without children, induced young Kelly to go to Greens- burg and become a member of his family, where he assisted him in obtaining an education and in the study of tlie law. Upon being admitted to the bar, he returned to Indiana and engaged in tiie practice of the law, where he had a brilliant, but brief career. He was tall, slender, graceful, and most win- ning in his ways. He was bright and took the hearts of the people by storm. Altiiough a member of the minority party, a federalist, he was irresistil)le as a candidate, and was triumph- antly elected to the State Legislature, in a strong democratic district. lu 1820 he visited Cuba, in company with Dr. Kobert Mitchell, for the benefit of his health, but consumption had marked him for her own, and soon after his return home, in the same year, he breathed his last, aged thirty-five years. SAMUEL S. LANDIS, M.D., assistant sur- geon of the 2d Pa. regiment of Volun- teers during the Mexican war, was a physician whose early and unexpected death in 1853 was much deplored in the northern part of West- moreland and the southern part of Indiana county. He was born in York county, Penu- .sylvania, September 20, 1820, and was a .son of Henry Landis. Samuel S. Landis was reared in York county, wliere he read medicine and practiced his pro- fession in his native county, until lie removed to Westmoreland county where he soon built up a good practice at New Alexandria. When war was declared with Mexico, he volunteered as a private in Co. B., 2d regiment. Pa. Volunteers, but was soon made assistant surgeon of the regiment and participated in its many battles in the Mexican republic until near the close of the war. Hardship, toil and death terribly thinned the ranks of the regiment, and Dr. Landis was one of those who, in the last few months of the 122 BIOGRAPHIES OF contest, was stricken down by disease, so preva- lent under the burning rays of Mexico's un- changing summer suu. He returned to West- moreland county, where, after recruiting his badly-shattered health, he resumed the practice of medicine. He opened an office at New Salem, but soon removed to Ijivermore, where he secured an extensive practice, which extended into Indiana county and which was rapidly increas- ing at the time of his death, iu 1853. Ou April 13, 1852, he married Margaret Todd, who survives him. Mrs. Landis is a daughter of Hon. James Todd aud resides in her com- fortable and well-appointed home at Indiana, where she owns some very valuable and de- sirable property. She is an amiable and intelli- gent woman and has been a consistent member of the Presbyterian church for many years. Dr. Samuel S. Landis was stricken down in his home at Livermore, by the hand of death, on September 20, 1853, when only in the thirty- third year of his age and in the midst of a highly successful career as a physician. JONATHAN N. LANGHAM, a young and rising member of the Indiana bar, is a son of Jonathan and Eliza (Barr) Langham, and was born in Grant township, Indiana county, Pennsylvania, August 4, 1861. The Langham family can be traced back for several centuries in England. Several members of it came to America and from one of them was descended Joseph Langiiara (grandfather), who was born in Bedford county. Pa., and followed farming for many years previous to his death, which occurred in August, 1864. Of his sons who lived to arrive to the years of manhood, one was Jonathan Langham, father of the subject of this sketch, who was born in Bedford county, this State, and is now in the sixty-seventh year of his age. When ten years of age he removed to Indiana county, where he located permanently and has continued to farm ever since. In con- nection with farming, he has also been engaged to some considerable extent in the lumber busi- ness. He married Eliza Barr, who was born in Indiana county. Her father, Robert Barr. of Irish descent, was born in this county, in 1796, learned the trade of cooper, which he followed for many years and died in 1871, aged seventy-five years. Mr. and ]\Irs. Langham are the parents of twelve children. Two of their sons, Samuel S. and Joseph L., .served as soldiers in the late war. Jonathan N. Langham was reared on his father's flirm. He attended the common schools and Purchase Line academy and completed his educational course at the State Normal school of Indiana, where he graduated in the class of 1882. Leaving school, ho was engaged in teach- ing for several years. In June, 1887, he com- menced the study of law with John N. Banks, of Indiana, being admitted to practice on De- cember 6, 1 888. pHARLES T. LEMMON, stenographer of ^ the courts of Indiana county, is a self-made man in the true .sense of that term. He was born in Kittainiing, Armstrong county, Penn- sylvania, July 14, 1861, and is a son of John H. and Rosanna (Taylor) Lemmon. His pater- nal great-grandfather, Thomas Lemmon, was a native of eastern Pennsylvania, and was of Scotch-Irish descent. He served as a soldier in the Revolution. The following romantic story concerning him has been handed down in the family from generation to generation : While on his way to join the Continental army, he was very thirsty one day and asked for a drink of water from a hand.some young lady who was present. Seeing his worn-out condi- tion, she hastened to bring him a gla.ss of milk. Touched by her womanly sympathy and thought- fulness, he told her, half in jest, half in earnest, that when the war closed he would return and marry her ; which promise he afterward ful- INDIANA COUNTY. 123 filled. Their son, Col. Daniel Lemmon (grand- father), iu earlj life moved to Fraukliu town- ship, Armstrong county, where, for many years, he was engaged in farming and hotel-keeping. He served iu the Black Hawk war, with the rank of colonel. He died in 1857, when in the seventy- lift I J year of his age. His son, John H. Lemmon (father), was born at Kittanning. He is a blacksmith by trade, and is now in his seventy-third year. During the Rebellion he served in Co. K, 78th reg.. Pa. Vols, for one year, and was discharged on account of his eye- sight failing. He is a member of the Protes- tant Episcopal church, and since the late war has been a stanch republican. He has- (illed the office of coroner of Armstrong county for several terms. He married Rosanna Taylor, who was born in Valley townsiiip, iu 1819, and died in 1888, aged sixty-nine years. She was a mem- ber of the Protestant Episcopal church. She was a daughter of Thomas Taylor, whose father, a Presbyterian minister of the same name, \vas chaplain in the Continental army and was killed in the battle of Brandywine. Thomas Taylor was a native of eastern Pennsylvania, aud re- moved to Armstrong county when a young man, where he was engaged in farming. He was a soldier in the Mexican war. He died in 1853, aged about eighty-two years. Charles T. Lemmon was reared at Kittan- ning. While attending the public schools, he laid out a course of study for himself, which he followed diligently in spite of all obstacles. After becoming proficient in phonography, he assisted the late G. S. Crosby in his law office at Kittanning, as well as in the publication of the " T^nioii Free Preaa" of which Mr. Crosby owned a one-lialf interest. He remained in Mr. Crosby's employ until June, 1885, when he re- moved to Indiana borough, having been appointed stenographer of the courts of the county, which position he still holds. He was married, in February, 188!), to Laura E. Shankel, daughter of Samuel S. Shankel, of Kittanning. In polities, Mr. Lemmon is a republican, and like his forefathers is a communicant in the Protestaut Episcopal church. He is one of the solid men of the borough, taking an active part in the business interests of the county as well as in the public welfare of Indiana. He is financially interested in several business enterprises of prominence iu Indiana and Armstrong counties. HON. JAMES A. LOGAN was president judge of the courts of Indiana county from 1871 to 1875. " He was a native of Westmoreland connty, born in the limits of Burrell township. He received his education at Elder's Ridge academy, a preparatory .school in Indiana county, and Studied law with ^^'illiam A. Stokes, Esq., and with the Hon. H. P. Laird, aud on motion of W. H. Markle, Esq., was admitted to practice on the 16th of May, 1863. AfW his ad- mission to the bar he entered into partnership with Mr. Markle, aud remained with him until the senior member of the firm was appointed collector of the United States revenue of this congressional district. He was, shortly after his admission, appointed solicitor of the Penn- sylvania railroad, and after the Southwest rail- way was incorporated was selected to manage the legal affairs of the road, of which he was also a director. " He applied himself with diligence to the study of the law, and soon evidenced legal talents of more than ordinary degree. He ac- quired a good practice, and was prominent as a rising politician in the Republican party, and was mentioned as a candidate for Congress a year or two prior to his appointment as judge. " Judge Logan, presiding with satisfaction in each of the three counties of his district under this appointment, was nominated by the Re- publican party as its candidate for election, and was elected, his party having a majority in the district. He presided after his election over all 124 BIOORAPHIES OF the courts of the district until Westmoreland was made a separate judicial district by the Constitution of 1874, when he was retained as judge of that county alone. He resigned in 1879 to accept the position of assistant general solicitor of the Pennsylvania railroad, a position in the legal department of that corpo- ration which he was the first to occupy." HORACE M. LOWRY. In the advance of modern journalism the newspapers of Indiana county have not been behind. To-day better home newspapers are nowhere to be found in the State thau are those of this county ; nor do we know of the jjress of any county of equal population and wealth any- where which surpasses them in the full and complete chronicling of local as well as general news. Foremost among the influential papers of the county-seat is the Indiana Times, edited [ by Horace M. Lowry, one of the progressive editors of Indiana. He was born at Clarks- burg, in Conemaugh township, Indiana county, 1 Pennsylvania, February 23, 1856, and is a son { of Hon. John and Nancy (McCartney) Lowry. ' The Lowreys were among the pioneer settlers of what is now South Bend township, in Arm- strong county, where, in 1773, Joseph Lowry (grandfather) came from eastern Pennsylvania and settled on a tract of one hundred and seven : acres, which was one of the original thirty-five : tracts of land first taken up in tiie township. He served as justice of the peace for many years | and married more couples than any other squire in the county. Hon. John Lowry (father) was born near the village of South Bend, January ; 25, 1832, and died April 23, 1886, aged fifty- six years. He was educated in the common schools and by private tutors ; he read law in the office of Hon. William M. Stewart, and | Hon. Silas M. Clark, judge of the supreme : court. He was admitted to the Indiana county bar in 1860, and soon became a prominent man in Indiana county, served as district attorney from 1862 to 1865, was elected as prothonotary in 1866 and held that office until 1873. In 1882 he was elected as a member of the House of Representatives of Pennsylvania and was re-elected in 1884. During both of his terms he served his constituents faithfully and was chairman of the committee on constitutional reform. His journalistic career commenced when, in connection with J. C. Rairigh, he founded the Indiana Times, whose initial number they issued on September 4, 1878. On the 13th of No- vember following, he purchased his partner's interest and was sole proprietor until his death, in 1886. He was an earnest republican who rendered valuable service to his party. In 1 855 he married Nancy McCartney, daughter of John Y. McCartney, who was born in 1808, on what is now the State experimental farm near Indiana ; married Sarah Coleman and was a merchant for forty years at Clarksburg. He was a son of Samuel McCartney, who came from eastern Pennsylvania, married Nancy Young, a native of Maryland, and died in 1815, of black fever, of which his wife also died in the same year. Horace M. Lowry was reared at Indiana, where he received his education in the public schools of that place. He assisted his father in the publication of the Indiana Times until the death of the latter, in 1886, when he succeeded him as editor and publisher of the paper. Mr. Lowry has successfully kept the Times up to the demands of what a county paper should be, has always yielded the full and proper measure of support to his party and has never allowed any department of news, local or general, to be slighted in its presentation to the public through the Times. As a citizen Mr. Lowry takes a deep interest and just pride in the advance of his native county, and as an editor he is zealous in advocating and supporting all movements for the benefit of the borough and the county. INDIANA COUNTY. 125 pAPT. DAVIS A. LUCKHART, a wounded ^ veteran of the grand old Army of the Po- tomac, and the present trustworthy and efficient treasurer of Indiana county, is a son of Jacob and Lena (Davis) Luckhart, and was born in West Mahoning township, Indiana county, Penn- sylvania, March 21, 1841. His paternal ances- tors were early settlers of Blair county, this State, from which his grandfather, Conrad Luckhart, removed to South Mahoning town- ship, where he purchased a large tract of land, and was engaged in farming for many years. He was of German extraction, stood high as a man and a citizen in the community in which he resided, and died May 6, 1861, aged seventy- seven years, seven months and three days. Of his sons, one was Jacob Luckhart (father), who was born in Blair county in 1810, aud died in West Mahoning township in 1863. He was a farmer by occupation, a republican in politics and a strict member of the Baptist church, in which he had frequently served as deacon. He married Lena Davis, who was also a mem- ber of the Baptist church, and died in 1887, when in the seventy-first year of her age. She was a daughter of Abraham Davis, of Wales, who came to this county, \\here he was engaged in farming for many years previous to his death, on September 18, 1869, at eighty-three years of age. Davis A. Luckhart was reared on a farm and attended the common schools of his native township. Leaving .school, he learned the trade of carpenter, which he followed till the break- ing out of the last war. On August 21, 1861 he enlisted as a private in Co. A, 61st regi- ment. Pa Vols., aud was discharged with the rank of captain, and in command of the compa- ny, at Pittsburgh, Pa., on June 28, 1865. He participated in all the principal battles of the Army of the Potomac, and for meritorious con- duct and soldierly bearing was successively promoted until he was commissioned captain of his company. He was wounded four times while in the Union service. His first wound was received when he was a private, at the battle of Fair Oaks, May 31, 1862, where a musket-ball fractured one of the bones of his left arm, which in the last few years has be- come paralyzed from the effects of that injury. He was next slightly wounded in the side, at Fredericksburg, by a shell, while serving as a corporal in the color guard of the regiment. He passed safely through several battles until the dreadful wilderness fights came, in which, on the 24th of May, he had one of his little fingers split open by a minie ball. His fourth and last wound was received at Win- chester, where, on the 1 9th of September, 1 864, he was struck on the left leg by a piece of shell while serving as first lieutenant. He was never in the hospital but twice, had several hair-breadth escapes and his life was once .saved by a frying-pan in his knapsack inter- cepting a bullet that otherwise would have reached his heart. After the close of the war Capt. Luckhart returned home ; but in October, 1865, he re- moved to Missouri, where he resided in Mor- gan county till 1876. While in Mi.ssouri he was engaged in teaching school, milling and farming. In the Centennial year he returned to his native county, where he worked at his trade for several years. In 1879 he was ap- pointed postmaster at Smicksburg, in West Mahoning township, which office he filled un- til October, 1885. The succeeding year he was elected justice of the peace, and held that office till the fall of 1887, when he resigned to accept the county treasurership, to which he had been elected by the Republican party. He entered upon the duties of the latter office January 2, 1888, and so far has ably and honorably dis- charged the .same. The duties of his office are many and various, but to their discharge he has brought such good judgment, keen insight, great energy and executive ability that he thor- oughly understands and .satisfactorily manages 126 BIOGRAPHIES OF the Diauifokl complications of the business brought under his control. To the mastery of the more important business of his office, Capt. Luckiiart has added close attention to every detail of the minor affairs, and has been enabled to secure favorable results in the interests of the county and its tax-payers. March 28, 1865, he united in marriage with Catliariue Stear, daughter of John Stear, of Smick-sburg, this county. Capt. Luckhart is an active and leading re- publican, a member of the Lutheran church, and at present lieutenant-colonel of Encamp- ment No. 11, Union Veteran Legion. DAVID C. MACK, a prominent and leading citizen, and the present efficient and popular sheriff of Indiana county, was born in West Wheatfield township, Indiana county, Pennsyl- vania, September 7, 1846, and is a son of Joseph and Elizabeth (McRorey) Mack. His paternal grandfather, Eobert Mack, was a native of county Antrim, Ireland, and came about 1798 to Pennsylvania, where he located in what is now West Wheatfield township, this county, and was engaged for many years in farming. He was a member of the United Presbyterian church, was a large landholder and influ- ential citizen, and died in 1844 at the age of 88 years. John McRorey (maternal grandfather) was born in county Antrim, Ireland, where he learned the trade of shoemaker. He came to this county about 1 800, was an elder in one of the first United Presbyterian churches organized in Indiana county, and died in 1865, when in the 78th year of his age. Joseph Mack (father) was born in West Wheatfield township, where he has always resided, and is an extensive farmer and stock-raiser. He is a prominent member aud useful elder of the LTnited Presby- terian church, a leading republican who has held various of his township's offices. He is a practical and accurate business man. He mar- ried Elizabeth McRorey, and has reared a fam- ily of six sons and two daughters. Although in his seventy-third year, he is yet able to conduct his farm and manage all of his business. His wife is one year his junior in age, and has been for many years a member of the United Pres- byterian church. David C. Mack was reared on the home farm till he was thirteen years of age. His educa- tion was received in the common schools and Elder's Ridge academy. Leaving .school he followed teaching for seven or eight years, at the end of which time he purchased a farm in West Wheatfield township, and was engaged in the stock business for twelve years. In 1883 he built hou.se and store-room at New Washington, on the old Frankstown road, in the eastern part of the township, where he embarked in the gen- eral mercantile business, which he followed for four years. In 1887 he was elected on the re- publican ticket as sheriff of Indiana county, and moved to Indiana, where he now resides, and is the first sheriff to occupy the new jail. He is a republican from principle, has always been active in politics and is well acquainted with all the political issues of the day. In 1890 Sheriff Mack formed a partnership with J. A. Johnson, under the firm-name of Johnson & Mack, and engaged in the general mercantile business at the old stand of Wegley & Johnson, on the corner of First and Philadelphia .streets. Their mercantile e.stabllshment is known as the " Farmers' Headquarters," and is well filled with a large, varied and complete stock of general merchandi.se. They deal extensively in country produce, and are exclusive agents for improved harrows and plows and other useful fiirm ma- chinery. By close attention to business and the requirements of their patrons they are building up a very prosperous trade. On July 18, 1872, he married Emma K. Wilson, of New Wilmington, fiercer county, Pa. They have five children, four sons and INDIANA COUNTY. 127 one daughter: Joseph P., James W., Edgar McRorey, Olive E. aud Paul W. Sheriff Mack owus a valuable farm of oue hundred and twenty-one acres of well improved land in West Wheattield townshi]). He is a man of good judgment, of fine business ability and extended business experience. His manner of discharging the duties of the slieritf's office has made him very popular with the masses of the people throughout the county, irrespective of party. He is courteous, prompt and accu- rate in the discharge of eitlier public or private business, and has many warm and faithful friends. JOHN McGAUGHEY, the oldest real estate agent now doing business at Indiana, and a battle-scarred veteran of oue of Pennsylvania's most famous fighting regiments of the late war, is a son of Nicholas and Sarah (Lowry) Mc- Gaughey, and was born in Armstrong town- ship, Indiana county, Pennsylvania, April 4, 1842. The McGaughey family is of Scotch- Irish origin, and was early settled in south- eastern Pennsylvania. Alexander McGaughey, Sr. (great-gi-andfather) came from York to Westmoreland county prior to the war of 1812, but soon thereafter removed to C'ouemaugh township, where he was a farmer. He married Sally Marshall, and one of their sons was Alex- ander McGaughey (grandfather), who married Jane Coleman, and followed farming in Cone- raaugh township until his death. Plis son, Nicholas McGaughey, was born October 6, 1806, and died in June, 1872, aged sixty-six years. He removen in the discussion of all public questions, in which he was always well and thoroughly informed. In determining upon public men and measures he 'hewed close to the line,' and when quite a young man became an intense hater of the institution of human chattel slavery, despised the position of the North as errand-boy and lick-spittle for the South in that agitation, cut loose from the polit- ical associations of family and friends and took a forward part in the Anti-Slavery movement of that period, when the principal arguments used against such men by the dominant political parties were social ostracism, epithets, slander, rotten eggs, mob law, the destruction of their printing-presses and the occasional killing of an editor to make proceedings more effective. He was secretary of about the first Indiana county anti-slavery organization ; afterward its nominee for prothonotary when their strength was less than one hundred votes in the county, ' and was also connected with the underground railroad system. To use one of iiis own ex- pressions on the subject, he 'denied the right of any man to own, hold in bondage or dispose of human beings as chattels unless a bill of sale was first produced from Almighty God, properly executed and signed.' His son, Hugii S., re- members that when quite a small lad a squad of escaping slaves, two of them raotiiers with babes in their arms, called at his father's one morning for food and directions about the roads; some days later two grim-looking strangers on horseback, with large whips in their hands, passed where he was at play on the road-side and inquired 'if any black people had gone along there lately.' Not understanding the matter, and not knowing that the men were slave hunters, he very innocently told them all about it, right along. But it was the only and last 'pointer' he ever gave men and women- stealers, for upon telling his father of the affair at dinner that day he received some instructive reproof and an ex])lauatory admonition tliat en- lightened him considerably. "The subject of this part of our sketch was also qiute active in educational affairs, serving as director when the school system had its early trials, and was one of the original board of managers of the Marion select .school, which has been a successful institution during the last one-third of a century. At the time of his death he was one of this county's auditors, elected on the republican ticket. He will be remembered, too, as one of the founders of Smyrna United Presbyterian Congregation, near Georgeville, and one of its ruling elders for over twenty years. His family were eight sons and one daughter: Hugh S., J. Stewart, Archie S., J. Wilson, F. St. Clair, Reynolds E., Robt. Alexander, Elizabeth H., now living with her husband. Dr. G. W. Simpson in Santa Barbara, Cal., and Wra. Laird Reynolds died March 29, 1877. Four of these sons — all of the family old enough and physically able — were volunteer soldiers during the late war, Stewart, Archie, Wilson and St. Clair, the last- named being one of the youngest from this county, and with his regiment amougst the first to enter Richmond. Archie and WiKSON were in important and perilous positions in U. S. Signal Service, where they occasionally met with Gen. Grant and other army officers; and after being discharged in .\ugust, 1865, they ar- rived home only a few hours before their father's death, when the dying ]jatriot was only able to give utterance to one of his last expressions, 168 BIOGRAPHIES OF in clear accents of thankfulness, 'My country has been saved. My boys are home.' "His wife was the daughter of John Stewart, an old time merchant. Many are yet living who remember this excellent woman's wisdom and kindness, the richness of her womanly worth, her remarkable correctness in judgment of human nature and the practical affairs of life, and the unsurpassed degree of her faith in God and His promises. She, with her husband and son Reynolds, lie in Oakland cemetery, Indiana, Pennsylvania." HON. JAMES TODD. Every county de- pends for much of its progress, as well as prosperity, upon its intelligent, patriotic and- energetic business men. Indiana county, ever since its organization in 1803, has had able and experienced business men to fill her offices of trust and responsibility. Among those of this class who was faithful to every trust reposed in him was Hon. James Todd, an honored citizen of Indiana and a prominent man in the political history of Indiana county. He was born in Belfast, Ireland, in 1788, and died at Indiana, this county, in 1872, at the ripe old age of eighty -four years. In 1789 he came to this country with his parents, and they made their home in Chambersburg, Franklin county, for some years. They afterwards removed to Westmoreland county, where he was reared on a farm, endured all the privations of frontier life and received the limited education of that day. In 1815 James Todd removed to this county, and was engaged in farming until 1844, when he came to Indiana, where he engaged in the mercantile business, which he followed success- fully as long as he lived. He was a whig and afterwards a republican, and took an active part in political matters. He served as county com- missioner in 1828, and as county treasurer in 1833 and in 1834. In 1837 he was elected as a member of the Pennsylvania Constitutional con- vention of 1838, and served very creditably in that distinguished body. He married Elizabeth MahalTey, 1808, who died in 1842, aged fifty-five years, and two years later he married for his second wife Mrs. Lavina (Woodward) Johnson, who died in 1857, aged fifty-one years. He had ten children, four sons and six daughters, nine of whom grew to man and womanhood, and their descendants are widely scattered over different parts of the country. Hon. James Todd was a self-made man. He was kind to the poor and liberal to the churches and all worthy objects. He was a member and ruling elder of the Presbyterian church, as were both of his wives, and he now sleeps by their side in Oakland cemetery. One of his children is Mrs. M. T. Landis, widow of Dr. S. S. Landis, and now resident of Indiana. D HARRISON TOMB, one of the young • and successful members of the Indian* bar, and one of the present auditors of the county, is a son of David and Angeline (Kil- len) Tomb, and was born in East Wheatfield township, Indiana county, Pa., May 23, 1857. The Tomb family is of Scotch-Irish descent, and the founder of the American branch of the family was David Tomb, the grandfather of the subject of this sketch. He was born and reared in county Antrim, Ireland, which he left in 1792 to settle on Black Lick creek, where he and his brother John patented a tract of over two thousand acres of land. He was a fiirmer and resided near Armagh, the oldest town now in the county, and which was named for Ar- magh in Ireland. Indians were still plenty at that time, and one of their grave-yards was on Mr. Tomb's farm. He was an exemplary member of the United Presbyterian church, and died in 1837, aged seventy-four years. One of his sons was David Tomb (father), who was INDIANA COUNTY. 169 boi'ii in East Wheatfield township, in 1809, and dietl October 2i, 1889. He was au extensive farmer and live-stock dealer, was a stanch democrat, and served as justice of the peace ftir four terms. He had held various other of his township ofBcas, was an acknowledged leader of his party and stood high in the estimation of all who knew him. He was a good scholar, a man of sound judgment and well informed on the current events of his day. At the time of his death he ownetl four hundred acres of land, of which two hundred was well-improved and the other half well-timbered and heavily underlaid with coal. He married Angeline Killen, a na- tive of East Wheatfield township, and a daugh- ter of James Killen, of Scotch-Irish descent, and whose parents came, about 1790, from the north of Ireland. Mrs. Tomb was born in 1 825, is a member of the Presbyterian church and resides on the home-farm with her son, D. V. To Mr. and Mrs. Tomb were born three sons and one daughter. D. H. Tomb was the eldest sou and was reared on the home farm. He received his elementary and academic education in the common schools and the State Normal school at Indiana, Pa., from which institution he was graduated in the class of 1878. He then entered the sophomore class of Washington and Jefferson college and attended that well-known educational institution for two years. Leaving college, he engaged in teaching, and was principal for some time of the Woodvale public schools, of Johnstown, Pa. In 1885 he commenced reading law with W. L. Stewart, Esq., was admitted to the Indiana county bar in October, 1887, and since then has been actively and successfully engaged in the practice of his chosen profession. In 1888 he was elected, on the democratic ticket, an auditor of Indiana county, which gave a large republican majority at that election. In 1889 he ran for district attorney; but, while leading his ticket, «yas unable to overcome the increased republi- can majority of that year. November 5, 1888, Mr. Tomb united in mar- riage with Maggie B. Rankin, daughter of William and Nancy Rankin, of Montgomery township. Mr. and Mrs. Tomb have one child, a son — David Rankin. D. H. Tomb has always labored earnestly and effectively in the interests of the democratic party. He is a member of the Indiana Presby- terian church. Mr. Tomb is a courteous and honorable gentleman, well-read in his profes- sion and active in its practice. He always gives the closest attention to the business of his clients and is meeting with good success. REV. ADAM F. TONER, a polished, cour- teous and cultured gentleman of fine edu- cation and good taste, and the present earnest, progressive and successful pastor of St. Ber- nard's Catholic church of Indiana, was born in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, Octol)er 24, 1856, and is a son of Clement and Barbara (Orth) Toner. His parents were natives of Prussia, where they were reared in the faith of the Catholic church, with which they united at an early age. In 1845 they came to the United States and located in Pittsburgh, this State, where they resided for many years. Clement Toner is a roller by trade, and after some years of economical and honest labor in Pittsburgh secured means suffi- cient to purchase the well-improved farm which he owns in Hampton township, Allegheny county, Pa. He was one of the originators ot St. Mary's Catholic church at Sharpsburg, Allegheny county, of which he was an influen- tial and liberally contributing member for many years. He is now in the seventieth year of his age, and has retired from the pursuits of active life. For the last two years he has resided with his son, the subject of this sketch. His wife, Barbara (Orth) Toner, pa.ssed away from this earth on August 31, 1888, when in the sixty-sixth year of her age, and her remains 170 BIOORAPHIES OF are entombed in the cemetery of St. Mary's Catholic church, of which she was an active and devout member for many years. Adam F. Toner was reared in Pittsburgh, where he received his elementary and academic education. In 1873 he went to St. Vincent's abbey and college, near Latrobe, Westmoreland county, where he took a seven years' classical course. He then took a full philosophica,l and theological course at St. Vincent's and the Grand seminary of Montreal, Canada. On August 21, 1885, he was ordained to the priest- hood by Rt. Rev. Richard Phelan, D.D., being the first to be ordained by the newly consecrated bishop, at St. Vincent's abbey, and was ap- pointed as assistant pastor of St. Peter's church at McKeesport, Allegheny county. After two years' faithful and successful service there he was assigned to his present field of labor at Indiana. On August 31, 1887, he assumed charge of St. Bernard's Catholic church of Indiana and has remained its pastor ever since. The first Catholic families at Indiana came about 1814, and in 1845 the first Catholic church of that place was erected. It was a frame structure, costing about six hundred dollars and the congregation was served by priests from St. Vincent's, in Westmoreland county. Among the ministers who acted as missionary laborers to Indiana, was the sainted Rt. Rev. Boniface Wimmer, the founder of St. Vincent's abbey and the order of St. Benedict in North America. The present brick church of St. Bernard's was begun in 1869, and was dedicated on May 26, 1871. It is of the order of Gothic architecture and is in the form of a cross. It is 57x94 feet in dimensions, will seat six hundred people and cost twenty-two thousand dollars. When Rev. Toner came to the charge it included about sixty families, but under his labors it has increased to eighty-five families. The church was badly out of repair, but with his characteristic energy and perseverance he began a series of much-needed and valuable improvements which has placed St. Bernard's among the most beautiful, attractive and finely- furnished churches of western Pennsylvania. He has heated the church, the parsonage and all other buildings on the premises with steam, and secured natural gas for fuel in the heating boilers of the buildings ; he has had water put in every room of each building, and has had water- plugs placed at all necessary points. He has drained the grounds, put in sewerage and contrib- uted in many other ways to the healthfulness, the beauty and conveniences of St. Bernard's. All these improvements have been paid for and the charge is in a flourishing condition. He has been largely instrumental in organizing a literary society and in founding an extensive library, which has a reading-room attached for the young folks. A room is also provided where they can indulge in healthful and inno- cent games. A very fine orchestra has been organized from the congregation, and is known as St. Bernard's orchestra. Rev. Toner is laboring earnestly and success- fully for the intellectual education and culture, the moral growth and the spiritual welfare of his people, and commands the respect of all who know him. TAMES M. TORRENCE, M.D., a veterwu ^ soldier of the 105th Pa. Vols, and a phy- sician in active practice at Indiana, was born at Punxsutawney, Jefferson county, Pennsylvania, December 6, 1845, and is a son of Judge James and Mary (Caldwell) Torrence. Hugh Tor- rence (paternal grandfather) was a native of Ire- land and was of Scotch-Irish descent. He came from Ireland to Pennsylvania and was one of the early settlers near Manor Station, West- moreland county, where he resided until his death. He was a presbyterian in religious belief. William Caldwell (maternal grandfa- ther) was of Irish descent and resided at Indiana, where he reared a large family and where he INDIANA COUNTY. 171 died. Judge James Torrence (father) was bora in Westmoreland county, learned the trade of tanning in Allegiieny city, and followed that business for twenty years. He came to Punxsu- tawney when a young man, and successfully operated a large tannery in the centre of the town until 1866, when he retired from active business except dealing in real estate. In 1859 he was elected associate judge of that county, on the republican ticket and served for three years. He began life without any capital, and by close attention to business is now worth sixty or seventy thousand dollars, besides owning some real estate in his town. He is an active republican and a member of the Presbyterian church. He married Mary Caldwell, who was a native of Indiana and a member of the Cum- berland Presbyterian church. She died in 1858, aged thirty-nine years. James M. Torrence was reared principally in his native town until he was twelve years of age, when he entered the Messenger printing-office at Indiana and served au apprenticeship of two and one-half years. Before he was sixteen years of age he enlisted in Co. K, 105th reg.. Pa. Vols., served as a company clerk for eight months and then entered the ranks. In 1863 he re-enlisted and served until the close of the war. He was in all the battles of his regiment, was present at Lee's surrender and was wound- ed at Chancellorsville in the left hand and in the side of the head (June 17, 1864) in front of Petersburg. After the war he attended the Iron City Business college and fitted for college at Glade Run and Dayton academies. He entered Mt. Union college, which he left (1869), when in the senior class, to read medicine with his brother-in-law. Dr. J. W. Hughes, of Blairs- ville. Completing his course of reading, he entered Jefferson Medical college, from which he was graduated in the class of 1873. In the same year he located at Indiaua, where he has continued in the successful practice of his pro- fession ever since. In 1880 he married Ida, daughter of E. P. Hildebrand, a native of Berlin, Pa., and a man of high standing, who was twice prothonotary of the county and died while serving as justice of the peace, July 29, 1889, aged sixty-seven years. Dr. and Mrs. Torrence have three chil- dren ; Helen, James Monroe and Arthur Hildebrand. In politics Dr. Torrence is a republican. He is a member of the Presbyterian church and the Indiana County Medical society, and well sustains the reputation which he has earned as a courteous gentleman and a skillful physician. EDWARD G. VOGEL. In modern progress the trade of the tailor has advanced to the plane of a fine art. Among the leading mer- chant tailors in this section of the State is Edward G. Vogel, who is a graduated fashion- able and artistic cutter and a member of the firm of Vogel Bros., which was established in 1839. He is a son of Paul and Helen (Laurent) Vogel, and was born at Indiana, Indiana county, Pennsylvania, December 20, 1863. Paul Vogel is a native of the kingdom of Bavaria, now a powerful State of the great German empire. He came in 1847 to Pittsburgh, Pa., where he remained for two years and then removed to Indiana, which he has made his home ever since. He learned the trade of tailor in the " Fatherland," and was engaged in the merchant tailoring busine.ss until within the last two years. He was born in 1827 and is a son of John and Maria Vogel, of Bavaria. In 1849 he founded the present merchant tailoring establishment of Vogel Brothers. His partners were his brothers George and Wolfgang. George Vogel died February 8, 1876, and Wolfgang Vogel retired from the firm in 1884. Their places in the firm were occupied by his sons. Paul Vogel is a strict Catholic, a stanch democrat and married Helen Laurent, daughter of Joseph and Barbara 172 BIOORAPHIES OF Laurent, of Butler county, this State. They have nine children, eight of whom are living: Frances, Ed. G., Celia M., Theo. A., Joseph A., John W., Laurent J. and Stella A. Mrs. Vogel is a devoted member of the Catholic church. Edward G. Vogel was reared at Indiana, where he received his education in the public and catholic schools of that place. Leaving school, he learned the trade of tailor with his father, after which he went to Pittsburgh, where he worked with some of the best tailors of that city; and in order to perfect himself in his chosen trade, he then attended a celebrated cutting school in New York city, from which he grad- uated. After perfecting merchant tailoring in its higher and fiuer branches he returned and assumed charge of his father's establishment. Under his management it soon acquired an en- viable reputation and a large increase of custom. Vogel Bros, are located on North 6 th street, oppo- site the court-house, employ the best workmen in the county and carry a large assortment of cloths, suitings, vestings and piece goods which are from English, French, German and domes- tic looms. Their goods are in the latest designs and patterns and are of the choicest products to be secured in either foreign or domestic mar- kets. The perfect accuracy with which gar- ments are cut and fitted and the artistic skill of finish are features of the establishment, which is noted for fitting clothes, stylish goods and ex- cellent workmanship. Mr. Vogel is a perfect genius in the art of cutting, a man of sound \ judgment, good taste and unquestionable skill and personally supervises every detail of the j several departments of his flourishing business. He is a democrat and a member of the Catholic church, in whose faith he was reared and by whose teachings he has been guided in life. Edward G. Vogel was married, on October 16, 1888, to Kate D. Doberneck, daughter of Frank and Mary Doberneck, of Indiana. Mr. and Mrs. Vogel have one child, a son, named Paul Vogel, Jr., who was born July 14, 1889. MC. WATSON. One of the most active • public men of Indiana county, and at pre-sent a successful leading lawyer of western Pennsylvania, and now, though engrossed with the cares and business of a large law practice, having as deep an interest as any ludianian in the material development of the county, is M. C. Watson. Honored with some and refusing other offices within the gift of the people, he has been assiduously devoting himself for the past five years to his profession and indi- vidual business interests. He is a son of James and Mary (Pattison) Watson, and was born on Watson's ridge, in the southern part of Indiana county, Penn.sylvania, September 28, 1846. Matthew Watson (grandfather) was born in county Tyrone, in 1763, came to the United States about 1793 and located in what is now the northern part of Westmoreland county, Pa. In 1800 he located on the farm now owned by Dr. Thomas Mnrry in Conemaugh township and the ridge upon which this farm is located was called " Watson's Ridge " ill honor of him. He was a fitting representative of the hardy, moral and liberty-loving race from which he was descended, and was one of the honored and worthy pioneer settlers of western Pennsylvania, who have given character for all time to come to the great region which they reclaimed from the savages and wild bea.sts of the forest. In 1855, when venerable with the snows of age, but remarkably active for one who had passed the ninety- second milestone on life's rugged pathway, he w;is unfortunate enough to have his hip dislocated, and failing to rally from the shock he passed away into the unknown world. Ere he left the green shores of his native country he married an Irish maiden, who died in this country shortly after his arrival. For his second wife he wedded Mar- garet McClelland, who was of Scotch-Irish descent, and a daughter of James McClelland, I who came about 1783, with his young wife, ' from Scotland to Conemaugh township, where 1 ^/ z^^;^^^^^^ INDIANA COUNTY. 175 his children were born and where he frequently fled to a neighboring block-house on account of Indian invasions. To Matthew and Margaret Watson were born twelve children: John, Thomas, Matthew, Jr., Mary, William, Alex- ander, Robert, James, Jane, Isabella, Ann and Margaret. Of the sons, James Watson (father) was born December 16, 1816, and died January 10, 1886, when in the sixty-ninth year of his age. He was an extensive farmer and active business man. He ran a dairy, dealt in stock and operated the Ridge flouring-mill, which was one of the first steam flouriug-mills in the southern part of the county. When Morgan and his bold raiders, in 1863, threatened the western part of the State, he enlisted in Co. H, 54th regiment. Pa. Militia, was promoted to commissary sergeant and was present at Mor- gan's capture. He was a member of the U. P. church, a prominent citizen of his community and a man of keen discernment and scrupulous honesty. His wife was Mary Pattison, by whom he had two sons and one daughter : Alexander P., of Callinsburg, Clarion county, Pa., who enlisted in Co. I, 67th regiment, Pa. Vols., and served three years, of which time four months was spent as a prisoner of war in southern prisons ; Belle J., wife of Rev. Hugh Boyd ; and M. C. Mrs. Mary Watson was born in Armstrong township, united with the U. P. church at an early age, and died February 9. 1886, aged seventy years. She was a daughter of Gen. Alexander Pattison, who was born in this county and married Martha Scott, a native of Scotland. General Pattison was a son of John Pattison, who emigrated from the north of Ireland to this county soon after the termination of the Revolutionary war. M. C. Watson was reared in the rural dis- tricts, where his father resided, and received his education in the famous old Elder's Ridge academy, from which institution he was grad- uated in the class of 1872. Having made choice of law as a profession, he went to the H University of Ann Arbor, Michigan, where he entered the law department and spent one year. He then (1873) came back to Indiana, where he read law for one year with Judge Harry White and was admitted to the Indiana county bar on March 7, 1874. Upon his admission he became a partner of Judge White and remained as such until 1885. In 1877 he was elected district attorney ; his services were such in that office as to .secure his re-nomination and re-election in 1880. During nearly three-quartere of a century Mr. Watson has been the .second iracumbent who has served, and the first who has ever been elected for a second term as district attorney of Indiana county. In 1886 the Republican party of the county, unasked and unsought for on his part, gave him the nomination for Congress, which he courteously but firmly declined in order to give his time fully to his law practice. Two years later he was sent as a delegate to the National Republican Convention of Chicago, which nominated Harrison. In 1885 he formed his present law partnership with S. J. Telford, and they have a large practice in both the civil and criminal courts of this and adjoining coun- ties. He is interested in the material develop- ment of the county, in the northeastern part of which he has large interests in coal and lumber. He is also a stockholder and president of the Indiana county Telephone company, and the Indiana county Gas company. He is a member of the Presbyterian church, Indiana ; Lodge No. 313, F. & A. M., and a Royal Arch Mason of Zerubbabel Chapter, No. 162. On December 13, 1877, he married Juliet White, daughter of Colonel Richard White, grand-daughter of Judge Tlioraas White, and niece to General Harry White. Their union has been blessed with tliree sons and three daughters : Richard W., jNIark H., C. Helen, Mary G., J. Herman and Anna M. Mrs. Watson's father. Col. Ricliard White, served as major in a three months' regiment in 1861, and then became colonel of the 55th Pa. 176 BIOORAPHIES OF Vols., which he commanded until the close of the war. He died in fourteen days after arriv- ing home in April, 1865, from exposure during the war. M. C. Watson is suave of manner and cour- teous in bearing. He is persuasive and eloquent in addressing a jury, and generally successful in winning his cases. His speeches made in im- portant cases are marked by great strength of argument and force of reasoning, as well as distinguished by eloquent flights and beauty of language. JAMES M. WATT, the capable cashier of the Indiana county Deposit Bank and the reliable treasurer of the Indiana Normal school, is a son of Judge Isaac M. and Jane (McKin- nan) Watt and was born at Indiana, Indiana county, Pennsylvania, December 30, 1847. The Watt and McKinnan families are both of Scotch-Irish descent and were settled at an early day respectively in Allegheny and Hun- tingdon counties. Hon. Isaac M. Watt was born and reared in Allegheny county, where he learned the trade of saddler. In early life he removed to Indiana, where he was engaged in the saddlery and harness-making business until 1865, wlien he removed to Homer City and fol- lowed the mercantile business till his death, in 1874, when in the sixty-sixth year of his age. Judge Watt was a man of prominence and use- fulness in the county and was honored with many offices of honor and trust by his fellow- citizens of Indiana county. He was justice of the peace for many years, served as county treasurer from 1836 to 1838, was register and recorder from 1839 to 1842 and during 1847, and was elected jury commissioner in 1861. In 1851 he was elected associate judge of Indiana county, which position he ably filled for ten years. He was a stanch republican and a member of the Presbyterian church. In 1834 he married Jane Watt, who was born in Hun- tingdon county in 1815 and is a daughter of John and Mary (McCahan) McKinnan, who both died when she was five years of age. She is now in the seventy-sixth year of her age and resides at Homer City. James M. Watt wa-s reared at Indiana, where he received his education in the schools of that town. In 1865, to fully qualify himself for some business pursuit in life, he entered Duff's Commercial college of Pittsburgh, trora which he graduated during that year. From 1865 to 1867 he was a clerk in the drug house of Nes- bit & Lewis, of Indiana. In 1867 he went to Pittsburgh, where he served for three years as a prescription clerk in a wholesale and retail drug house. He then removed to Homer City and was engaged in the drug business for seven years. At the end of that time became (1877) to Indiana, was a clerk for the drug firm of Hetrick Bros, for one year and then entered the Indiana County Deposit bank as teller, which position he held until 1883, when he was made assistant cashiei*. One year later he was elected cashier and has served efficiently as such until the present time. This bank was organized December 4, 1869, with a capital stock of $100,000, which was in- creased in 1873 to $200,000, but was afterward reduce to the original amount. Its deposits av- erage $150,000 with a surplus of $50,000, and its present officers are: W. M. Stewart, Presi- dent; Judge Harry White, Vice-President; J. M. Watt, cashier and T. E. Hiklebrand, assist- ant cashier. Mr. Watt is a republican, served one year as burgess of Homer City and is a member and treasurer of the board of trade of Indiana. He is a member of Indiana Lodge, No. 313, F. & A. M., and Indiana Post, No. 28, G. A. R. He has been for .seven years treasurer of the Indiana Normal school. April 9, 1874, he married Nettie E.Jamison, a daughter of John A. Jamison, of Indiana. James M. Watt was one of the youthful soldiers of the late war. He enlisted when only four- teen years of age as a musician in Co. I, 135th INDIANA COUNTY. 177 regiment, Pa. Vols., and served nine months. He re-enlisted February 18, 1864, for three years and served in Co. F, 55th regiment, Pa. Vols., until the close of the war, when he was honorably discharged at Fortress Monroe on June 8, 1866. In the many business positions of trust and responsibility which he has held Mr. Watt lias always discharged his duties in such an efficient manner as to give entire satisfac- tion. He is an excellent financier and a man of good judgment and fine business ability. HON. THOMAS WHITE. Among the prominent public men and jurists of this State, no one has ever been more deservedly honored for intellectual power and a pure record of public and private life, than Thomas White, who was an eminent lawyer, an upright judge and a just man. He was a sou of Richard and Mary White, and was born in 1799 in Sussex county, in the south of England, and within sight of the hill of Senlac, where the last king of English blood fell dead at the foot of the royal standard — the consecrated gift of Rome and Hildebrand, and where the Norman con- queror William reared Battle Abbey with its massive walls to fulfill a vow and in honor of his great victory (called in history the battle of Hastings). Sussex county, whose coast is the resort of rank, fashion and opulence and whose hills and downs present a variety of pleasing and picturesque situations, is historic ground. On its soil Caesar first planted the imperial ban- ners of Rome when he invaded Britain ; subse- quently the Saxon invasion of England was made through its territory and there is no more classic ground in all England than Senlac hill, the last spur of the Sussex downs, once covered by the great Andrede weald, or wonderful native forests. After Norman William had won the kingdom there were several immigrations from Normandy, and in the mixed population of Saxon and Norman, elements which came to be occupants of the Seulac district there is no clue to the ancestry of Judge White, other than is afforded by the name (White), which is undoubt- edly Saxon, and some of his ancestors may have fought under King Harold when he fell in 1066, in defense of his kingdom. Thomas White was brought, by his mother, Mrs. Mary White, in 1804, to Philadelphia, where he obtained his education in the public schools of that city and became well versed in the French and Spanish languages. He read law with William Rawle, was admitted to the bar and in 1821 opened an office at Indiana. On December 13, 1836, he was appointed, by Gov. Joseph Ritner, as president judge of the Tenth Judicial District, composed of the counties of Armstrong, Cambria, Indiana and Westmore- land. After he left the bench, in 1847, he re- sumed the practice of law and was engaged in many important cases in different county courts and the supreme court of Pennsylvania. Judge White took great interest in agriculture, raised some very fine sheep and blooded cattle and was president of the Indiana Agricultural Association from its origin until his death, in 1866. ANDREW W. WILSON. One of Penn- sylvania's self-made and leading business men, and an intelligent, honored and respected citizen of Indiana, is the gentleman whose name appears at the head of this sketch. For strict integrity, business ability and personal worth, Andrew W. Wilson stands as high as any man in this section of the State. He was born in Brush Valley township, Indiana county, Penn- sylvania, July 12, 1826, and is a son of Samuel and Elizabeth (Wilkins) Wilson. His paternal grandfather, Joseph Wilson, was a native of county Antrim, Ireland, where he first saw the light in 1757. He left the land of his birth in 1795 and came to this county, where he patent- 178 BIOGRAPHIES OF ed and improved a tract of land in Brush Val- ley township. He was one of the first settlers of Dills Valley (now Brush Valley), a weaver by trade and a very intelligent representative Scotch-Irishman. He lived far beyond the al- lotted span of life, saw three birthdays beyond the century mark and breathed his last when in the one hundred and third year of his ripe old age. Of the four sons who were born to him in the New World, one was Samuel Wilson, (father), who was engaged in farming and school- teaching till his death, in 1865, aged sixty-five years. He was a consistent member and useful elder of the United Presbyterian church. His first wife was Elizabeth Wilkins, who was born in the initial year of the present century ; was a member of the U. P. church and passed away at the early age of thirty-five years. She was a daughter of Andrew Wilkins, one of the first white children who was born on the territory of Indiana county. He was a farmer, and during the construction of the old Portage R. E.. he fed a large number of hands who were working on it, besides supplying many others with meat. He died near Portage, but his remains are in- terred at Johnstown, Cambria county, Pa. Andrew W. Wilson was reared on a farm until he was fourteen years of age, when he en- gaged in farming during the summer months at five dollars per month and his board. He ob- tained his education by working for his board while he attended school. From fourteen to seventeen years of age he was engaged in teach- ing school at from |7.50 to $18.00 per moiith. He then became a clerk in the dry-goods house of Sutton & Moore, of Indiana, which position he held for three years, when his employers made him manager of a store at Mechaniesburg, (the firm-name being A. W. Wilson & Co.,) which they stocked with twenty-five hundred dollars' worth of goods. Here for five years he laboi'ed persistently against many discouragements, and by hard work, practical economy and strict honesty laid the foundations of a permanent success that has crowned his efforts ever since in the commercial world. In the latter year the Pennsylvania R. R. located a branch road to Indiana, and Mr. Wilson was recalled to the home house, where he was admitted as an equal part- ner with John Sutton and intrusted with a large share of its management. The establish- ment of Sutton & Wilson was known for many miles as the leading house of the county. His business ability and experience were fully equal to the requirements of the situation. For thirty- eight years he has slowly but securely built up a business of extensive proportions. In that time one of his partners died and the other retired from business, and the firm to-day is A. W. Wilson & Son (Harry W. Wilson). The orig- nal store is a two-story brick building, 28x65, and was erected in 1858, on the site of the old Peter Sutton log hotel, built in 1806. It is now used as the grocery department of their present establishment, which occupies the site of the old Carpenter mansion on Philadelphia street. It is thirly-three feet front and one hundred and thirteen feet deep. It was erected in 1880 and is three stories in height, built of Philadel- phia pressed-brick and the front tastefully trim- med with Freeport gray sandstone. The front is largely of fine plale-glass. This dry-goods house throughout is one of the finest in the State outside of a large city. It affords a large amount of floor space, plenty of light and every convenience for the accommodation and display of their immense stock that has no superior and few equals in any county-seat of the State. The entire establishment is divided into five depart- ments, which are under the charge of experi- enced and courteous managers. The first depart- ment, is used for staple and fancy dry goods and notions; the second is devoted to men's clothing and carpets; the third is filled with blankets and yarns; the fourth or basement story is stocked with oil-cloths and the different kinds of wares, and the fifth comprises the first-store building, which is filled with groceries and contains tlie INDIANA COUNTY. 179 packing and ware-rooms. Mr. Wilson's trade extends over a wide area of territory and he is well deserving of the liberal patronage accorded him. July 7, 1853, lie married Anna G. Dick, daughter of James Dick, of this county. The latter was a native of Belfast, Ireland. Their children are: Harry W., in business with liis father; Robert D., Ph.D , who is a professor of Hebrew in the Western Theological seminary; Rev. Samuel G., a missionary in Persia; John L., in business with his father; Prof. Andrew W., one of the proprietors of the Kiskirainetas school for boys; Ella M., a graduate of Vas.sar college and teacher of Greek at Kiskiminetas school; and Annie E., James D., Jennie P. and . Mary A., who are attending school. The four eldest sons are graduates of Princeton. Politically Mr. Wilson is a prohibitionist and has held several offices of trust and responsibil- ity. He is president of the board of trade, vice-president of the board of Normal school directors and a director ofthe Western Theolog- ical seminary. He has been for over twenty years au influential member and a leading elder of the Indiana Presbyterian church, of whose Sunday-school he has been superintendent for thirteen years. He has given freely of his time and means in the promotion of the religious, benevolent and educational interests of Indiana. Andrew W. Wilson ranks high in that class of men who build their own monuments of fortune and reputation and the gratification of whose highest ambition is attained in being useful to their fellow-men. LIEUTENANT ALEXANDER McCRACKEN, of the U. S. Navy, was born in Indiana, in 1850. He was a cabin boy on a gunboat commanded by Captain Wells, on the lower Mississippi, in 1863 and 1864. In 1865 he entered the naval school at Annapolis, Md. ; graduated in 1869 ; was appointed midshipman, and left Boston, August 1st, in the same year for the East, in the service of the government, visiting France, Italy, Egypt and other coun- tries. Subsequently he was in the coast survey on the Gulf of Mexico and lower Mississippi River. In 1877 he was sent to the coast of South America, and returned in November, 1879. He is now (1880) one of the instructors in mathematics in the naval school at Annapo- lis. He was promoted regularly from mid- shipman to lieutenant, in January, 1879. JOHN R. WILSON, a prominent, active and successful lawyer and a well-known and able Democratic leader of Indiana county, is a sou of William and Letitia (McAdoo) Wilson, and was born in Centre township, Indiana county, Pennsylvania, June 24, 1841. William Wilson was a son of John Wilson, of a well-to- do and respected Wilson family of Ireland, from which he emigrated in 1828 to Indiana county, where he settled in Centre township and was engaged in farming until 1883, when he died. He was a prosperous farmer and a well-respected citizen. From 1828 to 1854 he affiliated with the whigs, but in the latter year he joined the Democratic party and steadfastly held to its principles until his death. His wife was Leti- tia McAdoo, who was born in Ireland and came with her parents, James and Catherine McAdoo, to Washington county, this State. John R. Wilson was reared on his father's farm in Centre township. He received his edu- cation in the academies of the county, and while pursuing his academic course he followed teach- ins during the winter seasons in the common or district schools. Having after due considera- tion made choice of law as a life vocation, he began the study of this chosen profession in 1866 with the Hon. H. W. Wier, of Indiana, and was admitted, in October 1 868, to practice law in the courts of Indiana county. After being ad- 180 BIOGRAPHIES OF INDIANA COUNTY. mitted to the bar he located at Cherry Tree, this county, where he practiced up to January, 1870, when he removed to Indiana and has continued in the active practice of his profession there ever since. In 1873 he was appointed a commissioner of the Circuit Court of the United States for tiie western district of Pennsylvania and has held and satisfactorily discharged the duties of that ofifice up to the present time. He enjoys a large practice in Indiana. In 1876 he united in marriage with Mary E. Patton, a daughter of Hon. John D. Patton, of Indiana. Their union has been blessed with three children, two sons and one daughter: Max, Alice May and John D. In July, 1863, upon the invasion of Pennsyl- vania by the Army of Northern Virginia, Mr. Wilson enlisted for a three months' term of service in Co. C, 57th regiment, Pa. State troops; but the regiment was never called into active service. John R. Wilson is a democrat in poli- tics and takes a warm interest in the success of his party, in which he is a persistent worker and prominent leader. For the past five years he has not taken such an active part in politics as heretofore, yet when occasion requires he is al- ways found in the front rank of the political struggle, manfully battling for the principles and the cause of Jeffersonian and Jacksonian Democracy. Specially fitted and well quali- fied for political leadership, he is naturally looked to by his party in emergencies and has always served in such times with tact and ability. INDIANA COUNTY COURT-HOUSE. BLAIRSYILLE. Historical and Deiscriptive. — Blairsville, the metropolis of Indiana county and a pleasantly located town on the east bank of the Conemaugh river, in Burrell township, is destined at no dis- tant day in the future to attain to the propor- tions of a city and far exceed the expectations of its founders. It was laid out in July and August, 1818, was incorporated as a borough March 25, 1825, and in 1890 contained a popu- lation of 3,113. It is 189 miles northwest from Washington City, 161 west from Harris- burg and 14 miles southwest of the county-seat. It was named in honor of John Blair, who was president of an important turnpike company. James Baird, St., laid the warrant which in- cluded the larger part of the site of Blairsville and sold it to James Campbell, of Franklin county, who, in connection with Andrew Brown, of Black Lick township, laid out the town and offered the first lots for sale on November 11, 1818. Hugh Richards and James Rankin, in competition for a free lot, erected the first two houses in March, 1819, and Richards won the prize by only two hours. Jonathan Doty opened a store in 1820, and Abner Willetts, in the succeeding year, became the first tavern- keeper. The first postmaster was George Mul- holland, Jr. The first market-house was built in 1829 and its successor was erected in 1857. The water-works was completed in 1873. Blairsville is situated in the second great coal basin of Indiana county, which is named after the town. "The Third or Blairsville basin is a simple synclinal fold extending, without structural complication of any kind, from the centre of Chestnut Ridge anticlinal on the northwest. It is the prolongation southwestward of the Third Great basin of Clearfield and Jefferson counties, where its boundary lines on the ea.st and west are the same as those above mentioned ; but continued still further southwestward across the Conemaugh into Westmorland county, these limits of the trough are maintained only as far as Sewickley creek. "The basin stretches diagonally nearly through the centre of Indiana county. Nar- rowing somewhat towards the northeast in con- sequence of the non-parallelism of the two en- closing anticlinals, its width is reduced from seven miles on the Conemaugh to scarcely more than four miles in the latitude of the county- seat; traced thence still further north, its width is subsequently increa.sed by the divergence of the same lines to about five miles, which is then maintained without variation frpm the headwaters of Two Lick and Little Mahoning to and across the Jefferson county line. "The point where the Pittsburgh coal bed touches the county five miles from the centre of the Chestnut Ridge anticlinal, and only a mile and a half from the Indiana anticlinal ; and the reason why the outspread of the bed westward from the synclinal is here reduced to such narrow limits, is not because of the topog- raphy of the county, but because the southeast dips from the Indiana anticlinal correspond in sharpness to the comparative shortness of the interval over which they are felt. It is diffi- cult to make persons unaccustometl to geologi. 181 182 HISTORICAL SKETCH OF cal thought appreciate the force and extent of such dips, and the causes sometimes produced by them. That the Pittsburgh coal bed should overshoot the summit of Chestnut Ridge at the Packsaddle by nearly a thousand feet, and that the great sandrock forming the romantic cliiFs at Oaks Point should underlie the streets of Blairsville by the same amount of interval— these and many more facts of a similar nature seem so simple as scarcely to require an ex- planation ; but for the lack of their proper ap- preciation by property holders much vain and fruitless search has been expended, especially along the flank of Chestnut Ridge, for what cannot possibly be found there. "The synclinal axis of the Third basin runs under the centre of the town of Blairsville, which, as before stated, is only a mile and a half distant on a direct line from the Indiana anticlinal." When the western division of the Pennsyl- vania canal was completed to Blairsville, in 1828, it came rapidly into public notice and be- came an important point for shipping. Its prosperity was slightly checked by the abandon- ment of the canal and the opening of the Penn- sylvania railroad to Pittsburgh, but fully revived with the building of the West Pennsylvania railroad. It has retained its position as a lead- ing town of western Pennsylvania by the thrift and energy of its citizens. It contains several handsome churches, a fine graded public school, under the charge of Prof. G. W. Innes, and a large number of industrial establishments. The Enterprise describes Blairsville as fol- lows: " Surrounded by a rich farming country, the hills underlaid with coal, to be mined by drifting. Blue stone, lime-stone and fire clay in various places. Has adjoining it coke and coal works, and within the borough limits the West Penn Glass works; two brick works (one just outside), foundry and machine shop, two planing mills, woolen mill, two flour and feed mills, and the shops of the West Penn railroad. Has an excellent system of water works, natural gas, will soon have electric lights. The West Penn and Indiana Branch railroads pass through the town and intersect three miles distant with the Pennsylvania Cen- tral." The Blairsville Record, the second paper in the county, was established in 1827 by Murray & McFarland, and continued democratic under diiferent managements until 1844, when it was succeeded by the Citizen., which existed for about one year. In May, 1846, Richard B. McCabe and R. B. Woodward started the Apakwhian, v{\\\(ih advocated "free soil" doc- trines and existed until 1855. In 1858 the Blairsville Record was founded as a democratic paper and supported that party until 1864, when it was discontinued. About 1859 the True American, a republican sheet, was started, but its name was soon changed to that of the Blairsville Journal, which ceased to exist in 1861. On April 27, 1865, the New Eraw^is started, and in 1866 the name was changed to the Blairsville Press, which went out of exist- ence in 1869. In 1880 the i^/a/rsnY/e Enter- prise was founded, and six years later passed into the hands of its present proprietor and editor, Joseph Moorhead, who has labored earnestly and successfully in his work and issues one of the best county papers in the State. The physicians of Blairsville for sixty years after its founding were : E. P. Emerson, Dr. Sim- mons, Dr.Craighead, Dr. Dufiield, R.J. Marshall, Dr. Gillespie, S. P. Brown, John Gilpin, Dr. Andrews, R. M. S. Jackson, Dr. Hammell, Dr. Gemmil, Bishop I. W. Wiley, Dr. McKim, Dr. Fundeuberg, M. L. Miller, Dr. Campbell, Dr. Anawalt, T. M. Lauey, T. J. Cantwell, F. M. McConnoughey, J. W. Hughes, S. R. Rutlege and L. S. Claggett. Among its present success- ful physicians are Dr. I. P. Klingensmith and Dr. J. B. Carson. The Blairsville Ladies' seminary was estab- INDIANA AND ARMSTRONG COUNTIES. 183 lished in 1851 by Rev. George Hill, D.D., with forty pupils. Nearly 2,000 young ladies have attended this school, and its attendance grows larger every year. lu 1868 the Blairs- ville academy was founded with normal, clas- sical and business departments. The first church at Blairsville was the Pres- byterian, which was organized in 1822, and whose present pastor is Rev. George Hill, D.D. The other churches of" the borough, with the years of their organization and the names of their present pastors, are as follows: United Presbyterian, 18 — , Rev. W. H. Mc^Iastcr; Baptist, 1824, Rev. D. W. Swigart; Methodi.st Episcopal, 1824, Rev. T. H. Woodring; S. S. Simon & Jude's Catholic church, 1829, Rev. Francis Brady, and A. M. E. Zion, 18 — , Rev. Nelson Davis. The W. C. T. U. holds two meetings every month. The present secret society organizations of Blairsville are: Acacia Lodge, No. .355, Free and Accepted Masons; Blairsville Lodge, No. 436, Independent Order of Odd Fellows: Pil- grim Lotlge, No. 06, American Order of United Workmen; Finley Patch Post, No. 137, Grand Army of the Republic; Active Lodge, No. 1601, Knights of Honor; Mechanics' Lodge, No. 166, Knights of Honor; Keystone Coun- cil, No. 1, of Pennsylvania, Order of Chosen ! Friends; S. S. Simon and Jude's Beneficial So- j ciety, No. 351, I. C. B. U. ; St. Joseph's Branch, ' No. 117, E. B. A.; Local Branch, No. 22, [ Order of the Iron Hall; Local Branch, No. [ 505, Sisterhood of the Iron Hall; Blairsville Lodge, No. 13, Order of Touti; Blairsville , Council, No. 831, Royal Arcanum; Blairsville ! Assembly, No. 82, Royal Society of Good Fellows; Bethel Castle, No. 189, Knights of the Golden Eagle; A.s.sembly No. 238, Knights of Labor; Blairsville Council, No. 216, Junior Orderof United American Mechanics; Blairsville Conclave, Independent Order of Heptasophs; Blairsville Lodge, No. 9, Order of Solon; West Penn Lodge, No. 392, B. of L. F. ; Blairsville Lodge, No. 108, B. of L. E.; Graff Lodge, No. 39, Order of Pente; Blairsville Assembly, No. 5, American Fraternal Circle; Washington Camp, No. 535, P. O. S. of A., and Blairsville Lodge, No. 140, Sexennial League. The burgesses of Blairsville from 1825 to 1875 have been: John Cunningham, 1825 Aaron Deviuny, 1827; William G. Davis 1828; R. B. McCabe, 1829; George Grier 1830; J. N. Nesbit, 1831; John McCrea^ 1832; Daniel H. Barr, 1833; Thomas Boyle 1834; John Bruce, 1836; Wm. T. Smith 1837; Samuel Steel, 1838; Moses Culbertson 1839; Stewart Davis, 1841; A. R. Chapman 1842; James C. Day, 1844; R. Bartley, 1846 R. H. Woodward, 1847; A. Alters, 1848 John Graff, 1849; Daniel H. Barr, 1850 Robert Bartley, 1851; W. T. Smith, 1852 Edward Dully, 1853; Archibald Davis, 1856 C. C. Davis, 1857; John P. Ford, 1858 Edward Dully, 1859; J. L Chapman, 1869 John G. Long, 1871 ; W. G. Triece, 1872. Blairsville's population at each census from 1830 to 1890 has been: 18.30, ; 1840, 990; 1850, 1,137; 1860, 1,009; 1870, 1,054; 1880, 1,162; 1890, 3,113. In 1827 the population was reported, from an actual count, at 500. Blairsville is noted for its important and rapidly increasing manufacturing industries. The West Penn glass works, as they are called, lie on the southern borders of the bor- ough, along the West Pennsylvania railroad. They are built entirely of brick. The plant consists of warehouse, packing room, leer building, blacksmith shop and factory proper. The factory is two stories high and is known among the glass trade as the best arranged and ventilated in the State. It is always cool, although a sixteen-pot furnace is going at white heat continually. The product of the factory is a car-load of bottles per day. The members of the first firm — John T. Birney and Charles E. Barr — were killed in the wreck of a portion 184 HISTORICAL SKETCH OF of the works in the high winds of about a year j ago. The factory building was iu course of constructiou and it was feared the storm would blow in the south gable. The managers were overseeing the work of strengthening the wall when it came down with a crash, burying them beneath the ruins. By a strange fate none but the managers of the company were killed. The work was taken up by other hands, however, and about 200 men and boys are now employed in the factory, and they are all residents of Blairsville or neighboring boroughs. It was through the persistent efforts of R. W. Wehrle that the means were raised to procure the ground which was asked for by the company as a con- dition of establishing their works at Blairs- ville. The Sloan heirs and the West Penn glass company are laying out a number of building lots on the ground between the works and the town, all of which are in the borough limits. Two very important factors in the develop- ment of the neighborhood have been the Blairs- ville coke-works and the Blairsville brick- works. They are close together on the Indiana railroad, just on the outskirts of Blairsville. Ed. J. Graff is manager of the brick-works and Jacob Graff of the coke-works. The brick works employ twenty- five men and are operated by a forty-five horse-power engine. The clay is near at hand, and an inclined railway brings it to the presses. The capacity of the works is 20,000 bricks per day. The coke-works are turning out a large quantity of coke from twenty-six ovens. The coal is mined from adjacent hills. Another extensive brick- works is that of Isaac Wynn & Son. It is situated near the West Penn railroad in the southern section of the town. Their capacity is also about 20,000 bricks per day. They have recently put in machinery of an improved type- The hills around the town are rich in deposits of blue stone, which recently has been develop- ed very extensively. There is none better than the Blairsville blue stone for Belgian blocks and fine building purposes. Wilson's Feldman quarries on the Bolivar branch between Blairs- ville and Bolivar employ 185 men — including laborers and blockmakers. They turn out from 3,500 to 6,000 blocks per day and five car-loads of ballast. Stark Brothers' stone quarry lies just above that of Wilson's. They employ 100 men and have large railroad contracts to keep their hands busy continually. The production of coal for shipment to the very best eastern market is another industry in which Blairsville is developing considerable im- portance. The Robert Smith coal mines are about three-fourths of a mile up the Indiana railroad. They employ about fifteen diggers and put out a large quantity of excellent coal. The J. McKinney Turner mines are adjacent, and their output is about the same. The Thomas Maher coal works, just across the hol- low, employ twenty men and fill four cars daily. Blairsville rightly lays a claim to the big Isabella furnace, although it is across the bor- ders of Westmoi'eland county. The 300 em- ployes of tlie company buy all their supplies in Blairsville, and are no small contributors to its commercial prosperity. The Isabella coke-works include 240 oven.s, capable of producing twenty- two cars of coke per day. They are located at Cokeville. The immense blue stone quarries of Booth & F'linn at the Intersection, although also in West- moreland county, throw the trade of their many employes to Blairsville, and she claims them as her own. The quarries of Evan Jones, the Pittsljurgh contractor, are on the other side of the Intersection, and they also turn many a dollar into the tills of the Blairsville merchants. Turning from the development of raw ma- terials to their application in the arts and trades, we come first to the foundry and machine shops of C. L. Tittle. They occupy two large build- INDIANA AND ARMSTRONG COUNTIES. 185 ings on Brown street. Kis principal line of work is metal supplies for coke ovens and coal mines. Blairsville has two large planing mills. That of Kennedy & Fair occupies a triangular space just back of the passenger depot and bor- dering upon the West Penn tracks. It is a complete mill, occupying two large buildings and employing fifty men. The planing mill of Harbi.son & Ferguson, Browustown, is also an extensive establishment, and a busy one. The woolen mill of John Moorhouse is another in- dustry giving employment to a large number ol persons. One of the oldest and most important indus- tries of Blairsville is found in the repair shops of the West Penn railway. They give employ- ment to 225 men. Their work is generally in repairs, but occasionally they turn out a new sar. The yards surrounding the shops are a mile long, and as wide as the limits of obtain- able space permit. There are six tracks lead- ing to the round-house, and the bridge just above town is being widened so as to allow that number to cross there and thus extend the yards. An appropriation of $35,000 has recently been made for new shops on the West Pennsylvania railroad, and Blairsville has very good pros- pects of getting them. We are indebted for many facts concerning Blairsville to the Enter- prise and Gazette. BIOGRAPHICAL. AUGUSTUS M. BALLARD, an enterpris- ing citizen of Blairsville, and junior mem- ber of the well-known firm of Wilcox & Ballard, is a son of Jesse and Lucy (Brown) Ballard, and was born in Pontiac, Michigan, May 12, 1853. His father, Jesse Ballard, was born in Seneca couuty, New York, Feb- ruary 20, 1822, learned the trade of carpenter. and in 1838 moved to Pontiac, Michigan, where he established himself as a contractor and builder, and where he still lives — one of the substantial citizens of that city. He is a prominent member of the Congregational church, and an enthusiastic sujjporter of the Democratic party. He married Lucy Brown, wlio was born in Canada, in 1826, and is a member of the Baptist chnrcli of Pontiac. Augustus M. Ballard was reared in Pontiac, and after receiving his education in the public schools of that city, learned the trade of carpen- ter and joiner, under his father, for whom he worked for four years. He then accepted a position as a clerk with one of the well-known mercantile firms of Pontiac, with whom he continued some three years. After leaving their employ he entered the office of the P. O. & N. R. R., at Poutiac, as a clerk, which posi- tion he held until 1888, when he came to Blairsville, and in December, 1889, went into partnership with George F. Wilcox, for the purpose of dealing in groceries and queens- ware, under the firm-uame of Wilcox & Bal- lard. They are both endowed with energy and perseverance and from their present rapidly increasing trade have every prospect of future patronage and success. On April 27, 1885, he married Mary Dono- hue, daughter of William Donohue, of Arm- strong county. Their union has been blest with three children, one son and two daughters : Jesse, named in memory of his grandfather; Alice and Edith. A. M. Ballard is an energetic member of the Patriotic Order of Sous of America, and of the Junior Order of American Mechanics. In politics, he has been all his life an active worker in the cause of democracy. He is well qualified for mercantile life; full of energy and ambition, he has made his own way in life, overcoming many obstacles in his pathway to success that would have defeated a less determined man. With a keen sense of right- 186 BIOGRAPHIES OF dealing, aud full of pluck and perseverance, the firm of Wilcox & Ballard is fast advancing to the front rank among the mercantile firms of Blairsville. JONAH B. BAUGHMAN, one of the suc- cessful men and a prominent and leading carriage inanufacturer of Blairsville, is a son of Seth and Christina (Smith) Baughman, and was born at Youugstovvn, Westmoreland county, Pennsylvania, March 14, 1848. Seth Baughmau was born and reared in Westmore- land county, where he lived until his death, in 1849. He was a cabinet-maker by trade and was successfully engaged in the cabinet-making business at Youngstown for many years. His chairs, which he manufactured in large quanti- ties, had quite a reputation and sold readily. He was a consistent member of the Reformed church, and died in 1849, when the subject of this sketch was an infant. He married Christina Smith, who was born in Westmore- land county, in 1814, and died in 1854, five years after her husband's death. She Avas a regular attendant and consistent member of the Reformed church. Jonah B. Baughman was brought to Blairs- ville by his mother when he was three years of age and has made his home there ever since. He attended the public schools and afterwards entered a carriage factory to learn the carriage manufacturing business. After serving an ap- prenticeship of several years, he engaged as a workman with a carriage firm in whose employ he remained until 1873. In that year he en- gaged in business for himself and established his present carriage manufactory, on Campbell street, at Blairsville. It is a large two-story frame building, carefully fitted up with work and paint shops and storage and salesrooms. He manufactures elegant carriages, fine buggies and neat and serviceable vehicles of all kinds which are to be found in a first-class carriage manufactory. He has a complete repairing de- partment attached to his establishment and gives personal supervision to all work which is repaired. Mr. Baughman is a practical car- riage-maker, employs constantly three ex- perienced workmen and personally inspects all of his work in its various stages of construc- tion. In 1872 he married Salome Wonder, daugh- ter of Steven Wonder, of Bedford county. To their union have been born eight children, two sons and si.x daughters : Clara B., Ida B., Mary K., Sarah J., Maggie M., Je.sse C, William and Alice C. He is a republican and has server] several terras as a member of the town council. He is an earnest member of the Methodist Episcopal church and one of the thrifty and substantial citizens of Blairsville. He owns his factory aud three dwelling-houses besides, some other property. Bereft, at the early age of six years, of both father and mother, he has, unaided, attained to the possession of a good business, and by commendable industry has secured a re- spectable competency. EDWARD H. BERLIN, a leading and popu- lar photographer of Blairsville, is a .sou of William and Martha (Jamison) Berlin, and was born at Mt. Pleasant, Westmoreland county, Pennsylvania, January 19, 1859. Sol- omon Berlin was a native of Pittsburgh, and died in 1859, in the seventy-fourth year of his age. His son, William Berlin (father), was born in Pittsburgh, in 1819, and was a marble cutter by trade. He opened a marble-yard at Mt. Pleasant and remained at that place until 1867, when he removed to Ludwick borough, adjoining Greensburg, the county-seat of West- moreland county, where he conducted a marble- yard and shop until his death, which occurred in 1878. He was an industrious man, a repub- lican in politics and a member of the Presby- INDIANA COUNTY. 187 terian church. He married Martha Jamison, a daughter of Robert Jamison, a native of Unity township, Westmoreland county, who served in the war of 1812, and who died December 26, 188G, at the advanced age of ninety-six years. The Jamison family is of Irish descent. Mrs. Martha Berlin was a member of the Presbyterian church, and died May 2, 1885, aged sixty-eight years. Edward H. Berlin was reared principally at Ludwick, where he attended the public schools of that borough. He learned the trade of cigar-maker at Greensburg and worked at cigar- making for several years. He then learned photography with a well-known photographer, M. E. Low, of Greensburg, with whom he re- mained for three years. In 1885 he established himself at Blairsville, where he has acquired a good reputation as a photographer and has secured a large patronage. His fine gallery is eligibly located and is handsomely furnished with an unusually beautiful display of his work as an artistic photographer and a fine line of art goods including engravings, photographs, picture frames, easels and other goods of both a useful and decorative nature. On September 2, 1885, he married Mary A. Keighley, daughter of Jacob and Elizabeth Keighley, of Westmoreland county. They have three children: Mary J., Paul E. and Ruth. He is secretary of the Blairsville Conclave, I. O. Heptasophs, No. 178, and a member of Blairsville Lodge;, No. 436, Independent Order of Odd Fellows, and a democrat politically. Ed- j ward H. Berlin has rapidly grown in favor i with the public as a photographic artist and as a man who aims to give excellent work at reasonable prices. In 1840 he married Sarah Johnston, daugh- ter of William Johnston, a prosperous farmer of Armagh, this county. They moved from Fairfield, Westmoreland county, to Cleveland, Ohio, in 1844, where, in July, 1854, when cholera made its appearance, Mr. and Mrs. Black fell victims to the dread disease. The eldest daughter is Mrs. Mary L. Birkmau, widow of Major R. M. Birkman, of Indiana. ROBERT BLACK, who was a highly re- spected citizen and industrious and com- petent contractor and carpenter, was born in Indiana county, in 1815. JOHN B. CARSON, M.D., a young and ris- ^ ing physician of Blairsville, and a great- grandson of Capt. Matthew Jack, a Revolu- tionary hero and a prominent actor at the burn- ing of Hannastown, is a son of Dr. Thomas and Jennie S. (Jack) Carson, and was born at Elderton, Armstrong county, Pennsylvania, April 18, 1866. The Carson family is of Irish descent, and James Carson (great-grandfather) emigrated from Ireland to America iu 1817. He married Catherine Allison, who lived to be over ninety years of age. They had four chil- dren : John, William, Susan, wife of James Dalzell ; and James. The eldest son, John Carson (grandfather), was born in county Fer- managh, Ireland, in 1815, and emigrated from Ireland to America, in 1826, with his uncle, William Carson, and located on the Peter Shep- ler farm in Washington county. In 1846 he removed to Armstrong county, and iu 1864 came to White township. He is a Methodist and a democrat. In 1840 he married Hannah Henderson, daughter ot William and Margaret (Paul) Heuder.son, of Westmoreland county. Mr. and Mrs. Carson have seven children, of whom two, John and Thomas, are physicians. Dr. Thomas Carson (father) was born iu Deer creek township, Allegheny county, was edu- cated at Elder's Ridge academy, read medicine with Dr. James K. Park, of Cochran's Mill, Pa., and in 1865 was graduated from Jefferson Medical college. He located at Elderton, Arm- strong county, iu 1865, and remained there until 188 BIOORAPHIES OF 1874, when he went to Hutton station, Pa. In 1875 he came to Saltsburg, where he has re- mained ever since and has an extensive practice. He is a member of the Presbyterian church, the A. O. U. W., the Royal Arcanum and the Knights of Honor. He married Jennie S. Jack, daughter of Samuel Jack, of Westmore- land county, whose father, Capt. Matthew Jack, was a son of Samuel Jack, and served as a captain in the Eighth Pennsylvania regiment of the Continental Line, after M'hich he returned to Westmoreland county and distinguished him- self by his daring and bravery at the burning of Hannastowu, in July, 1782. John B. Carson was reared at Saltsburg and received his literary education in the public schools, Saltsburg academy and Indiana Normal school. He read medicine with his father for four years and attended Jefferson Medical col- lege, Philadelphia, from which institution he was graduated in the class of 1889. After graduation he practiced for a few months at Niles, Ohio, aud then came to Blairsville, where he has remained ever since. He is building up a remarkably good practice for a young phy- sician. JOHN M. CONNER, an industrious and re- ^ liable citizen of Blairsville and a member of the well-known contracting firm of Kennedy & Fair, was born on the site of Altoona, Blair county, Pennsylvania, March 8, 1851, and is a son of John and Charity (Myers) Conner. The Conners, as the name would indicate, are of Irish descent. John Conner was born near Cherry Tree, this county, and after leaving school engaged inVailroading, which he followed with but little interruption till his death. He married Charity Myers, who was born and reared in Blair county. They reared a family of two sons and one daughter. John M. Conner lost his parents when he was quite young, and was reared in Bedford county, where he attended the common schools for some time and since then has acquired much information by reading and observation. He learned the trade of carpenter, and came, in 1872, to Black Lick, where he followed carpen- tering up to 1886, when he came to Blaii-sville. In April, 1890, he became a member of the present carpentering and contracting firm of Kennedy & Fair, whose members are Capt. J. P. Kennedy, W. A. Fair, D. M. Fair and John M. Conner. They are the successors of the late firm of Fair & Kennedy, and deal in all kinds of rough and worked lumber. Their large pianing-mill aud lumber-yards are near the depot and their trade is extensive and increas- ing. (For a more complete account of their business enterprise, see sketch of Capt. J. P. Kennedy.) On September 27, 1876, John M. Conner married Harriet Fair, daughter of James H. Fair, of Black Lick. To their union have been born four children, one son and three daughters : James, Eva, Cora and Dora. In politics, Mr. Conner is a republican. He is a member of the Blairsville Presbyterian church ; Assembly Lodge, No. 82, Royal So- ciety of Good Fellows, aud Blairsville Lodge, No. 9, Order of Solon. Industrious and enter- prising, he commenced life without capital, but has worked his way up to a useful position in business and has acquired a competency. GEORGE W. CREDE, Jr., a prosperous merchant of Blairsville, is a son of George W. and Catherine (Stolz) Crede, and was born in Allegheny city, Pennsylvania, January 28, 1852. His father, George W. Crede, is a native of Allegheny city, and in early life was engaged as a boatman on the Pennsylvania canal. He then removed to Pittsburgh, where he drove the first team which the Adams Ex- pre.ss company employed in that city. He re- mained with the above-named company until INDIANA COUNTY. 189 1885. He is a republican and a member of the Reformed church. He married Catiieriue Stolz, daughter of John Henry Stolz, of Allegheny city, who was a native of Hesse, Germany. He was one of the thousand Hessians captured by Washington at Trenton, after he made his famous passage through the floating ice in the Delaware river on Christmas night, 1776. John Henry Stolz was hired, with others of his countrymen, by his ruler, to George III., of England, and, without his consent, was sent to America to fight against the Colonies. He was not avei-se to being captured and never asked to be exchanged. After being held as a prisoner for a short time he was released and came to Allegheny county, where he resided until his death. George W. Crede, Jr., was reared in Alle- gheny. After being graduated from the high schools of that city, he attended the Iron City Business college, from which he was graduated at the end of his term. He then accepted a position as assistant clerk on a government boat running between Pittsburgh and the head-waters of the Missouri river, continuing on different boats for some two years. During these trips the lives of all on board were frequently en- dangered by attacks of the Indians. In 1871 he became a book-keeper in the cork factory of Armstrong Brothers & Co., of Pittsburgh, and held that position for .seven years. In the spring of 1877 he opened a general mercantile establishment at Blairsville, which he has con- ducted successfully ever since. He has a choice selection of dry goods, notions, carpets, etc. His store is on the corner of Walnut and Market streets and he has secured a liberal pat- ronage. In 1873 he married Lizzie Speiss, daughter of Louis Speiss, of Blairsville. He is a republican in politics, and a member of the Ancient Order of United Workmen, the Junior Order of United American Mechanics, and the Patriotic Order of the Sons of America. In 1868 he joined Heath's Zouaves, of Alle- gheny city, which organization became Com- pany A, 14th regiment, and afterwards was made Company D, 18th regiment National Guard of Pennsylvania. He served in these companies until 1877. In June, 1888, he was appointed inspector of rifle practice, which posi- tion he held until May 31, 1890, when he resigned. George W^. Crede attends the United Presbyterian church and is a useful citizen as well as an active business man. He is, in point of service, the oldest member of the Na- tional Guard of Pennsylvania in Allegheny county. JOHN H. DEVERS, senior member of the firm of Devers & Miller, of Blairsville, has been for thirty-five years one of the leading, successful and popular traveling salesmen of western Pennsylvania. He was born about two miles from Ligonier, in Westmoreland county, Pennsylvania, February 7, 1833, and is a son of Hugh and Isabella (McConaughey) Devers. His paternal grandfather, Henry De- vers, was a native of France and came to the Ligonier Valley, in Westmoreland county, where he purchased and ran a grist-mill until his death, which occurred in 1836. His mater- nal grandfather, James McConaughey, whose father came from Scotland, was a presbyterian in religion, a whig in politics and a farmer by occupation, and came, when well up in years, from Westmoreland to Indiana county, where he died, in 1886, aged eighty-two years. Hugh Devers (father) was born and reared near Lig- onier, in Westmoreland county, where he learned the trade of hatter, which he followed for a few years. He then came to what is now Homer City, this county, where he engaged ia the general mercantile business and was the first merchant in the county to buy eggs and produce. He also started the first huckster team in the county and hauled his produce to Pittsburgh. 190 BiOORAPHlES OF He was for nearly forty years the leading mer- chant of Homer City. He died while on a visit to Missouri, on October 6, 1859, at sixty-nine years of age. He was a methodist, a democrat and a man who had been very successful in all of his business enterprises. He married Isa- bella McConaughy, who was a member of the Methodist church, and died in 1879, when in the sixty-ninth year of her age. They were the parents of four children ; Margaret, Isabella, James and John H. John H. Devers was reared principally at Homer City, where he received his education in the public schools of that place. He assisted his father in the store until he was seventeen years of age, when he went to Saltsburg, where he was a clerk for some time, and then bought the store of his employer, although he had but a very small amount of money. After three vears of successful experience as a merchant he disposed of his store and became a traveling salesman for the wholesale dry-goods and notion house of Young, Smith, Field & Co. His field of territory was western Pennsylvania, which he held for twenty-six years and only resigned in 1886 to accept a similar position with Mills & Gibbs, one of the largest importing firms of white goods, linens, notions, etc., of the United States. He has traveled ever since for this firm in western Pennsylvania. In 1885 he became a member of the clothing firm of Devers, Hill & Neal, which did business at Blairsviiie until their house was burned, December 28, 1887. In 1888 Mr. Devers rebuilt, at Blairsviiie, one of the finest mercantile rooms in the county, and in April, 1889, embarked, -with J. J. Miller as a partner, in his present clothing and gents' furnishing goods business. They carry a hand- some stock of goods and have a fine patronage. On July 24, 1862, Mr. Devers married Elizabeth M. Ogden, a daughter of John Og- den, of Westmoreland county, Pa. To them has been born one child, a son, Edward H., born November 1, 1872. John H. Devers is a republican, a member of the M. E. church, and removed from Homer City to Blairsviiie, July 1, 1890. When he started on the road as a salesman, over thirty years ago, his laudable ambition was to reach the topmost round of his business, a position which he soon attained and which he has easily held ever since. WILLIAM DUNCAN, one of Blairsville's prosperous merchants, is a son of James and Sarah (Clark) Duncan, and was born in Cambria county, Pennsylvania, March 27, 1838. The Duncan family is of Scotch descent, and in the latter part of the eighteenth century the paternal grandfather, William Duncan, emi- grated from Scotland to America, in company with two of his brothers, and settled in Dauphin county. From these tiiree brothers have sprung a numerous progeny. James Duncan (father) was born in 1800, in Dauphin county, but re- moved in early manhood to Cambria county and for several years drove a six-horse team and hauled goods on the old pike, between Phila- delphia and Pittsburgli. Leaving the pike, he engaged in farming, lumbering and milling until his death. He was a whig and an attend- ant of the Presbyterian church, to whose sup- port he contributed liberally. He inherited those sterling qualities of his race, for industry and thrift, and at the time of his death, which occurred in 1859, he had succeeded in gaining considerable material wealth. He was kind to the poor and enjoyed the respect of all who knew him. He married Sarah Clark, who was a member of the Methodist Episcopal cliurch, and lived to the advanced age of eighty-two years, dying in 1889. Her remaius are interred beside her husband in Belsano cemetery. Black Lick township, Cambria county. Her father, Thomas Clark (maternal grandfather), was a native of Ireland, and located in Indiana county, whei-e he purchased two or three farms, but soon INDIANA COUNTY. 191 removed to Cambria county and built the first saw-mill that was erected on Black Lick creek. He delighted in hunting deer, bears and panthers and was known as the greatest hunter in Cambria county and died in 1850, at an ad- vanced age. William Duncan was reared in Cambria county and attended the public schools. He assisted his father in the lumber and flour busi- ness until 1883, when he went to Johnstown and for three years was engaged in taking contracts for the Cambria Iron company. In 188G he came to Blairsville and opened his present mercantile establishment on the corner of Diamond and Liberty streets. He deals in dress goods, notions, carpets and tinware and also handles watches and jewelry. His stock of goods is well selected and adapted to the wants of his many patrons. On December 9, 1862, he married Emily Emerson, daughter of the late Dr. E. P. Emer- son, who was one of the pioneers of Blairsville. In 1821, Dr. Emerson built the first hotel in that place, on the lot now occupied by Ray's ware-house. He was a native of Ireland, where he was graduated from a well-known medical college, and came to America to seek a wider field for the practice of his chosen profession. To him belongs the distinction of having been the first physician of Blairsville. Mr. and Mrs. Duncan are the parents of three children : Sadie M., William B. and Thomas E. William Duncan is a member of the Meth- odist Episcopal church and a stanch republican. He owns the block in which his store is situated and has an interest in a large lumbering and flouring-mill business in Cambria county. He is affable, genial, enterprising and well re- spected. PAUL GRAFF. In Western Pennsylvania as nowhere else in this country are con- centrated those industrial forces and facilities 12 so necesary to an enlarged and enduring success in manufacturing, and one of Indiana county's useful citizens, who has always been active in developing the mineral resources of his own county, is Paul Graff, president of the First Na- tional Bank of Blairsville and a member of the well-known firm of John Graff's Sons. He is a son of John and Lucy S. (Hacke) Graff, and was born at Blairsville, Indiana county, Penn- sylvania, on Independence Day, 1838. His paternal grandparents, John, Sr., and Barbara (Baum) Graff, were among the early settlers -of Westmoreland county. John Graff, Sr., was born at Newid, Germany, April 15, 1763, and his grandfather resided at Grafnauer, which meant nobility and castle or nobleman Graff's castle. John Graff, Sr., came to Westmoreland county in 1783 and died December 31, 1818. He was a deeply religious man and married Barbara Baum, who was born in Path Valley, Huntingdon county, and died in 1846, aged seventy years. She was remarkably strong, as were all the members of her family, which was , appropriately named Baum — a word in German I meaning tree. She was once captured by In- i dians, but former kindness bestowed by her upon an old warrior of the marauding party which had taken her, caused him to secure her release. John Graff, Sr., and his wife Barbara were the parents of twelve children : Henry, Mary Lose, ! Sarah Barnes, William, Margaret Colcasure, ; Joseph, Elizabeth Armstrong, Peter, Jacob, , Matthew, Paul and John. One of the sons, ] John Graff (father), was born August 3, 1800, near Pleasant Unity, Westmoreland county, re- ceived a fair education, conducted a store at I Pleasant Unity for three years and in 1837 re- moved to Blairsville, where he purchased a half interest in a warehouse and store owned by his brothers Peter and Henry. Two other houses were subsequently erected, and in 1847 he as- sumed charge of the three houses and their mer- cantile business. He admitted his three sons, Jacob, Paul and Charles, into partnership with 192 BIOGRAPHIES OF him and established the present general mer- cantile house of John Graif's Sons. He was a decided opponent of human servitude and was run by the Liberty party of the county as a candidate for the Legislature and afterwards for Congress. He was a zealous and eflBcient member of the M. E. church, to which became from the Reformed church. He advocated the free school law of 1834, served under it as a school director, and was successively a wliig, free soiler and republican in politics. He died in 1885, and was at that time the senior, as re- garded age and durability of commercial life, of all the merchants then doing business in the county. As a man, his aim was to do good and his character was above suspicion. In 1824 he married Lucy Sophia Hacke, who was a daughter of Nicholas Hacke, of Baltimore, Md., and died March 4, 1876, aged seventy-one years. Their children were Henry, Caroline Shields, dead ; Alexander, Jacob, who married Sallie Davis ; Paul and Charles, who married Margaret Loughry. Paul Graff was reared at Blairsville. He re- ceived his education in the common schools and Plainfield academy, near Carlisle, Pa. He was carefully trained to business under the watchful care of his father, and in order to fully qualify himself for commercial life, he took the com- plete course of Duff's Business college, of Pitts- burgh. Leaving school, he became a partner with his father and brothers, Jacob and Charles, in the mercantile business and since his father's death has continued in partnership with his brothers, under the firm-name of John Graff's Sons. They have one of the largest and best stocked general mercantile establishments in the county. Mr. Graff is a member of the Royal Arcanum, Knights of Honor, Chosen Friends, Bankers' Association, Heptasophs and Mer- chants' and Salesmen's Association. In 1860 he married Elizabeth A. Mowry, daughter of Henry and Charlotte Mowry, of Blairsville. Mr. and Mrs. Graff are the parents of five children : George R., who is employed in the freight department of the W. P. R. R. ; Frank M., a graduate of Lafayette college and in business with his father ; Wilber P., in the senior class of Lafayette college ; Laura M., now in her senior year at Blairsville seminary; and Walter R., at .school. Paul Graff is a very strong and active re- publican and has been president of Blairsville school board for three terms. He is a trustee and has been class leader of the Blairsville M. E. church for the last twenty-one years, as well as superintendent of its Sunday-school for nearlv the same length of time. He is also treasurer of the board of stewards and was a member of the building committee which erected the present fine church structure which was dedicated in December, 1889. To his church he has always been a generous and willing contributor and also has always en- countered, all moral and religious enterprises. He is president of the First National bank of Blairsville, treasurer of the Blairsville Brick company and a stock-holder in the Cheswick Land company. While active in mercantile and financial enterprises, Paul Graff has also been one of the foremost men to push forward the material development of his section of the county. He was largely instrumental in the organization of the Blairsville coke-works and the Cheswick Land company. For over thirty years he has been in close contact and compe- tition with business men all over the southern part of the county, yet nothing unfair or dis- honorable has ever been charged against him, and his word is as good as his bond. As a citizen Mr. Graff is public-spirited and patri- otic, concerned for the welfare of both his home and his country. He is not ambitious for political honors, though he never shrinks from any official duty and never refuses to serve his fellow-citizens in a public capacity whenever they call upon him to do so. INDIANA COUNTY. 193 JAMES M. HARVEY. The position occu- pied by any town is due to the energy, enterprise and judgment of its business men. The leading and representative grocer and boot and shoe dealer of Blairsville is James M. Harvey, a very energetic and remarkably suc- cessful young business man. He was born in Derry township, Westmoreland county, Penn- sylvania, November 18, 1854, and is a son of John C. and Margaret (Keelan) Harvey. John C. Harvey was born, reared and educated in Ireland. He came, about 1840, to Pennsyl- vania, where he settled in Derry township, Westmoreland county. He became a stage- driver on the old pike between Philadelphia and Pittsburgh. When the railroads superseded the pikes as routes of travel, he turned his time and attention to farming in Derry township, Westmoreland county, and Burrell township, Indiana county. He was a member of the Catholic church and always supported the democratic ticket after coming to the United States. He was a thorough-going and honest man and died April 12, 1878, aged fifty-five years. He married Margaret Keelan, daughter of Patrick and Mary Keelan, and born in Derry township, September 15, 1826. She is a member of the Catholic church and resides now at Blairsville with her children : James M., Rebecca, Maggie and Mary. James M. Harvey was reared on his father's farm and received his education in the Catholic schools of Blairsville, which were then, as they are now, under the charge of experienced and competent instructors. Leaving school at four- teen years of age, he entered the general store of Nicholas Maher, of Blairsville, as a clerk, and remained with Mr. Maher for thirteen years. During that period of time he was suc- cessively promoted to book-keeper, and general manager of the store. In 1882 he left Mr. Maher and opened a small grocery store. Con- ducting his business on strictly legitimate principles, he soon acquired a patronage which enabled him to increase his stock of goods. In a short time after this his grocery trade had .so increased as to justify him in embarking in that line of business on an e.vteusive .scale, and he removed to his present large and well-arranged grocery bouse on the southeast corner of Market and Spring streets. In April, 1889, he formed a partnership with D. M. Kier and D. A. Fen- Ion, under the firm-name of Kier & Co., and established a large boot and shoe house on Market street, which is rapidly growing in favor with the public. Mr. Harvey now owns the fine brick business block in which his stores are situated, besides other property at Blairsville. Aside from his own various business enterprises he cheerfully gives his time toward whatever advances the material interests of his town, and is now serving as a director of the Coneraaugh Building and Loan association, of Blairsville. On the basis of correct business principles Mr. Harvey has built up a large trade and his grocery house, which ranks as one of the largest grocery estabi ishments in this part of the State, is admirably arranged and equipped with every facility and convenience for the transaction of business. He employs from twelve to fourteen salesmen and carries a complete assortment of choice imported and domestic staple and fancy groceries, crockery, lamps and special family supplies. He is a democrat in politics and a member of the Catholic church. James M. Harvey is the only democratic member of the present town council of Blairsville, and has been honored, in recognition of his business ability and integrity of character, by his party, with the nomination for treasurer of Indiana county. Mr. Harvey is a conspicuous example of what may be accomplished in Indiana county by energy, industry, economy and perseverance. Starting in life with no means, he has raised himself, by continued success, from a poor boy to the position of a wealthy and popular bu.si- ness man and an honorable and influential citizen. 194 BIOORAPEIES OF ISAAC HICKS, a well-qualified business man and a member of the enterprising firm of Kiuter & Hicks, is a son of Isaac and Susan W. (Dobson) Hicks, and was born at Blairs- ville, Indiana county, Pennsylvania, Jan- uary 26, 1848. His grandfather, Hicks, was a native of Centre county, but early in life, moved to Rayne township, this county, where he engaged in farming. His son, Isaac Hicks, Sr. (father), was born on his father's farm, in Centre township, in Centre county, in 1808, and came to Indiana county when a mere boy. During the latter years of his life he was a coal merchant of Blairsville. He was a faith- ful member of the United Presbyterian church, and an uncompromising democrat. He was highly esteemnd by the community in which he lived, and for several years was borough con- stable. He died January, 1887, when he was seventy-eight years of age. He married Susan W. Dobson, daughter of John Dobson, of Cen- tre township, Indiana county, by whom he had ten children: William, Cynthia, Priscilla, John, Elsie J., wife of John F. Steck; Isaac, Peniua, wife of Charles Martin ; Edward A. E., Charles M., and Susan I., wife of Robert Drewbell. Mrs. Hicks makes her home at Blairsville; is in the seventy-ninth year of her age, and an esteemed member of the United Presbyterian church. Isaac Hicks was reared at Blairsville, and at- tended the public schools of that borough. In 1862 he enlisted in Co. K, 193d regiment. Pa. Vols., for a four mouths' service in the Union army. After he was honorably discharged, in Pittsburgh, he engaged in farming in Burrell township, which he followed for one year. He then opened an office at Blairsville, where for twenty-three years he dealt in coal. In June, 1888, he went into partnership with J. Austin Kinter, under the firm-name of Kinter & Hicks, since which time they have dealt in groceries, flour and feed and by careful attention to their business have succeeded in building up a good trade, and are now eligibly located in a fine and commodious building at No. 125, on Walnut street. On June 19, 1867,- he married Harriet Young, daughter of James Young, of Washing- ton township, who was killed in the battle of the Wilderness during the late civil war. They have had no children, but have adopted a little girl whom they are rearing as their own. Isaac Hicks is a straightforward republican, and attends the United Presbyterian church. He is numbered among the substantial citizens of Blairsville and as one of its self-made men belongs to that class of progressive and public- spirited men whose honor, enterprise and social qualities give character to any community in which they reside. REV. GEORGE HILL, D.D. A pleasant and long-to-be-remembered occasion is the semi-centennial of Dr. George Hill's pas- torate of the Blairsville Presbyterian church, which was held from the 8th to the 11th of June, 1890. This great gathering was in honor and respect of one who has given a half a cen- tury of his best life-work and thought for the intellectual, moral and religious advancement of his people. Rev. George Hill, D.D., is a son of Hon. Johti and Jane (Moorhead) Hill, and was born September 18, 1815, in that part of the Ligonier Valley which is in Westmoreland county, Pennsylvania. The first settlers of western Pennsylvania were of presbyterian faith and were gathered into churches by such able men as Finley, Power, McMillan and Smith, who were gradu- ates of Princeton college and fine classical schol- ars. Among the men who were educated for the presbyterian ministry under the immediate successors of these distinguished ministers, was Rev. George Hill (grandfather). He was born in York county March 13, 1764, and at nine- teen years of age removed with his father to INDIANA COUNTY. 195 Fayette county, where he was licensed to preach December 22, 1791. On November 13, 1792, he was installed as pastor of Fairfield, Donegal and Wheatfield congregations. On April 11, 1798, he resigned the charge of Wheatfield and acceptetl a call to Ligonier. In these charges he labored until his death, on June 9, 1822. He was a man of remarkable vigor of constitu- tion and wonderful will to work. He was very sensitive and exceedingly modest. When duty required, however, that he should take decided ground and appear in the defense of the truth he showed himself to be equal to the crisis, and displayed much firmness of character, as well as acuteness of intellect. He married Elizabeth McClelland, of Fayette county. One of liis sons was Hon. John Hill (father), who wa.s born March 20, 1790, and died August 22, 1856. He was a member of the Fairfield Presbyterian church, but would never accept an eldership. He was a strong democrat, frequently repre- sented Westmoreland county in the legislature and .served as a member of the State senate for several terms. He commanded a company of i troops under Gen. Harrison in the war of 1812. He married Jane Moorhead, of Derry townsiiip, [ Westmoreland county, who was boi'n June 30, ' 1795, and died December 18, 1854. She was a presbyterian and sleeps in Fairfield cemetery where her husband and his father and grand- father are likewise sleeping. Rev. George Hill was graduated from -Teffer- son college, Cannousburg, Pa., in 1837, and from the Western Theological seminary, of Pittsburgh, in 1840. He was invited to preach at Blairsviile and Salem, and did so, as health permitted, until 1841, when he was ordained and installed by the presbytery of Blairsviile, as co-pastor with Rev. Thomas Davis, who died May 28, 1848. In October, Mr. Hill was re- leased from Salem and gave all his time to Blairsviile until 1882, when Rev. J. W. Cris- well was called as co-pastor. In recognition of his faithful services in the ministry, Washington and Jefferson college, in 1869, conferred upon him the degree of D.D. On Sunday, June 8, 1890, the Blairsviile Presbyterian church began the celebration of the semi-centennial of the pastorate of Dr. Hill with them, and the appro- priate and impressive exercises of the occasion will long be remembered by the great crowds who were present from Sunday to Wednesday. During this half-century of the pastorate of Dr. Hill, which commenced May 31, 1840, eleven hundred and eighty-two members have been added to the church. •On September 21, 1841, he married Har- riet Lewis, who was a daughter of Rev. David Lewis, pastor of Ebenezer Presbyterian church, and died November 3, 1852, leaving four chil- dren, of whom two are living: Harriet, who is a teacher ; and Sarah, wife of I. W. Mitchell, a merchant of Washington, Pa. Ou March 23, 1854, Dr. Hill married for his second wife, Abi- gail Hawes, of Boston, Mass., and has by his second marriage three children : Abigail Grace, wife of Rev. A. C. Brown, of Peoria, 111 ; Rev. George H., pastor of Beechwoods Presby- terian church, Jefferson county ; and Helen. He has always been a republican until lately, when he voted with the prohibitionists. In 1850 he founded Blairsviile Female seminary, which is doing such excellent service for Chris- tian education. In 1883 he was elected presi- dent of the board of directors of the Western Theological seminarv, of which he had served as a director since 1847, and first vice-president since 1870. In J 861 he was elected moderator of the presbyterian synod of Pittsburgh. Dr. Hill is an earnest, humble Christian, who de- spises shams ; sometimes despondent on account of ill health, but usually cheerful and very so- ciable. He is thoroughly orthodox. His mind is vigorous and well-informed ; his thought clear and his utterance forcible. He is a faith- ful pastor, and an instructive, interesting and eloquent preacher, and fearless in the expression of his views. He has few superiors as a pres- 196 BIOQBAPHIES OF byter and is no mean antagonist in debate. He and his estimable wife have a pleasant and comfortable home on Walnut street, where they make all who visit them full welcome and happy. GEORGE W. INNES, one of Indiana coun- ty's most prominent and efficient teachers and principal of the Blairsville schools for the last eighteen years, was born at St. Thomas, Canada, .July 27, 1837, and is a son of Alex- ander and Eliza J. (Wilson) Innes. Alexander Innes was a native of Sutherlandshire, Scot- land, and came to the United States when young, but remained in this country only a few years until he removed to Canada, where he died in 1847, aged thirty-five years. He was a carpenter by trade and a member of the Free Presbyterian church of Scotland. He was an honest, industrious man, and while in the United States married Eliza J. Wilson, who came "with her mother and brother from county Monaghan, Ireland, to near Leechburg, Arm- strong county, this State. She was reared in the Associate Presbyterian church, but after- wards united with the United Presbyterian church, of which she was an earnest and con- sistent member until her death at Blairsville, October 18, 1889, when in the seventy-fifth year of her age. At ten years of age, George W. Innes came with his mother to Pittsburgh, where they re- mained three or four years and then removed to Indiana county. He received his elementary education in the Canadian schools and the graded schools of Pittsburgh, while he com- pleted his academic studies and took a classical course under a private tutor of fine education and literary ability. In 1857 he entered the profession of teaching when but a youth and commenced his successful career as a teacher in the common schools of Indiana county. Hav- ing completed his educational course and been successful in the district .schools as a teacher. his services were sought by directors of graded schools and trustees of academies. He be- came principal of Perrysville academy, Jeffer- son county, which position he held for two years. He next took charge of Washington academy, in Clearfield county, which he con- ducted for three years. In 1870 he was elected principal of Apollo public schools, in Armstrong county. His methods of instruction and discipline gave such good satisfiiction that he was elected annually as principal for five years and then declined another election to accept the principalship of the Blairsville schools. There his educational work .soon grew in favor with the public, and Blairsville has enjoyed for fourteen years the beneficial results of his ripe educational labors and valuable experience. Prof. George W. Innes is a republican in politics, an elder in the United Presbyterian church and a pleasant and courteous gentleman. As an educator he ranks deservediv his;h and is abreast of the age; as a teacher he has few superiors in the State and as a scholar is thorough and well conversant with all the ideas of modern education. pAPTAIN JOHN P. KENNEDY, a prom- ^ inent contractor of Blairsville and captain of Co. D, 5th regiment of the National Guard of Pennsylvania, is a son of Samuel and Amelia (Paige) Kennedy, and was born in Johnstown, Cambria county, Pennsylvania, Augu.st 29, 1853. Early in the present century two brothers, William and David Kennedy, emigrated from Ireland to Pennsylvania, where their descendants are numerous to-day. Wil- liam Kennedy located in Indiana county, where his son, Samuel Kennedy (father), was born in 1819. From about 1840 until 1877, Samuel Kennedy was an employe of the Cambria Iron Co., in Johnstown. He then removed to Harvey county, Kansas, where he has been en- INDIANA COUNTY. 197 gaged ever since in farming. He is an elder in the United Presbyterian ciiurch and a republi- can in politics. He married Amelia Paige, who was brought by her parents from England to Brush Valley township when only a few months old. She was a member of the Asso- ciate Reformed church, died in 1855, at the early age of twenty-eight years, and her remains were interred in the Johnstown, Pa., cemetery. Her father, Edmund Paige, was an episcopalian, but finding no church of his denomination in Brush Valley township, he united with the Luth- eran church. He was a farmer and died in 1865, when he was in the seventy-fourth year of his age. John P. Kennedy was only two years old when his mother died, and he was then taken and reared by his uncle, John D. Paige. He at- tended the public schools of Cherry Hill town- ship, and theu learned the trade of carpenter, which he followed until 1878, when he went to Greenville, and embarked in the furniture and undertaking business. In 1880 his store was burned, but he rebuilt it and continued in that business for five years. In 1883 he removed to Blairsville, where, the following year, he formed a partnership with D. M. Fair, a lum- ber merchant and contractor of that place, under the firm-name of Fair & Kennedy. Since then Mr. Kennedy has been continuously and successfully engaged in contracting and dealing in lumber, but his firm has been changed three times. June 15, 1889, Mr. Fair retired from the partnership, and NYilliam Young and W. A. Fair entered it. During the next six i months the firm was known as Kennedy, Young & Fair, but in November, 1889, the ' partnership was dissolved and a new one formed between J. P. Kennedy and W. A. Fair, who continued the business under the title of Kennedy & Fair. In April, 1890, D. M. Fair j and J. M. Conner were taken into the firm, but the name remained unchanged. Since April, 1890, the business of the firm has increased so rapidly that they have had to enlarge their buildings to twice their original capacity, and put into operation their present large planing- mill. On December 25th, 1876, Mr. Kennedy mar- ried Hannah E., daughter of Thomas and Jane McKesson, of Cherry Hill township. To Mr. and Mrs. Kennedy have been born three chil- dren: Edmund A., Claire McBeth and John D. Paige. Capt. Kennedy is an elder in the United Presbyterian church and of late years has sup- ported the Prohibition party. In 1875 he be- came a member of Co. D, 13th regiment, National Guard of Pennsylvania, and was successively promoted from a private until he became second lieutenant. His company was transferred in 1879 to the 10th regi- ment, and participated in the quelling of the Pittsburgh riots in 1877. In July, 1881, the company was mustered out of ser- vice. In 1887, by permission of Adj. -Gen. Hastings, Lieut. Kennedy and others organized a C(jmpany at Blairsville, which, in January, 1888, became Co. D, 5th regiment. National Guard of Pennsylvania. When this company was mustered into .service, Lieut. Kennedy was unanimously elected as captain, which position he has held ever since with credit to himself and benefit to the company. JOHN M. KINKAID, a popular clothier and '-' superintendent of the business of the Saltsburg Natural Gas company at Blairsville, is a son of Rev. Samuel P. and Hannah J. (McFariand) Kinkaid and was born at Karns City, Butler county, Pennsylvania, July 13, 1864. The Kinkaid family is of Scotch-Irish descent. Rev. Samuel P. Kinkaid was a pres- byterian minister and served several churches of that denomination. In 1866 he was kicked by a horse and died from the injuries thus re- ceived in the same year. He was conscientious 198 BIOGRAPHIES OF and straightforward as a man and was highly ! esteemed as a minister, who always did his fall duty. He married Hannah J. McFarland, daughter of William McFarland, of Indiana county. Eight years after the death of her husband she moved to Indiana, where she now resides. She is a member of the Presbyterian church. John M. Kinkaid was principally reared at Indiana and received his education in the public schools and the State Normal school at Indiana. His first practical experience in business life was obtained as a clerk with the general mercan- tile firm of A. W. Wilson & Sons, of Indiana, in whose employ he remained six years. In 1885 he opened his present clothing and gents' furnishing goods establishment. He has a neat and well-arranged salesroom and keeps a large and finely selected stock of goods. He has built up a good trade and always given satis- faction to the public in the quality and prices of his goods. He is also employed by the Pittsburg owners of the Saltsburg Natural Gas company to act as the superintendent of their business at Blairsville. He is a republican in politics and a member of Blairsville Conclave, No. 178, Independent Order of Heptasophs. Mr. Kinkaid is energetic and enterprising and has good assurance of future success. T AUSTIN KINTER, a member of the ^ • successful firm of Kinter & Hicks, and the descendant of a family noted for its long- evity, is a son of Peter and Sallie (Smith) Kin- ter, and was born in Rayue township, Indiana county, Pennsylvania, July 30, 18-18. The Kinter family is of Irish descent. Philip Kinter (great-great-grandfather) emigrated from Ireland to Huntingdon county, Pa. He married Barbara King, and one of their sons, John Kinter (great-grandfather), was a soldier in the Revolution. In 1808 he removed to what is now Grant township, Indiana county, settling near Kinterhill, the highest point in the town- ship, which was named after him. He married Isabella Fiudley and died when he was eighty- two years old. His wife lived to be ninety- one years of age. They had ten children, one of whom, Henry, served in the United States army during the war of 1812. Archibald Kinter (grandfather) was born in this State, lived to be eighty-eight years old, and followed the occupation of farming until his death. Peter Kinter (father) was born in Washington town- ship, where he has lived all his life and been engaged in farming. He and his wife are mem- bers of the United Presbyterian church. He is a prominent republican and has been elected and served one term of three years as jury com- missioner of the county. On the 21st day of November, 1833, he married Sallie Smith, a native of this county, who died September 12, 1884. J. Austin Kinter was reared on his father's farm and after attending the public schools of Washington township and the academy at Homer City, he worked for several years on a farm during the summer and taught school in the winter. On the 23d of August, 18ti4, at the age of sixteen, he enlisted in Co. F, 206th reg., Pa. Vols., for a term of one year. He was mustered out of service June 26, 1865. His regiment (206th) had the honor of being the first regiment to enter Richmond after its evacu- ation by the Confederates, and to fling to the breeze, over its historic walls, the stars and stripes of the Union. He was one of the youngest soldiers who enlisted from Indiana county. After his return from the army, he filled the office of justice of the peace at Jacksonville for two years, and when removing from the town he resigned and then became a clerk with different merchants of Blairsville until 1888, when he went into partnership with Isaac Hicks. The firm of Kinter & Hicks have built up a substantial trade, and deal in groceries, flour INDIANA COUNTY. 201 and feed. This spring they were compelled to build a larger storeroom to accommodate their growing trade. On July 31, 1873, he married Miranda Wolfe, daughter of George Wolfe, of Centre township. They have five children : Mertie, Metta, Claire, Willis and George. J. A. Kinter is an elder in the United Presbyterian church, and in political matters always supports the republican ticket. He is one of the enterprising, prosperous citizens of Blairsville and is always interested in the ad- vancement of his town. ISRAEL PUTMAN KLINGENSMITH, -»- M.D., F.S.S, a promising and leading physician and surgeon of Blairsville, was born near Jeanette, in Hempfield (now Penn) town- ship, Westmoreland county, Pennsylvania, April 18th, 1850, and is a son of Isaac and Christina (Wegley) Klingensmith. Among the early settlers of Westmoreland county was a body of Germans from the eastern part of the State, noted for their sturdy character and thrift. Of these was John Klingensmith, the great- grandfather of Doctor Klingensmith. In poli- tics the Klingensmiths were chiefly democrats and by hereditary association attached to the Lutheran church. His son Abraham was born in 1798, was a farmer and owned near Jeannette, the farm long known as the Old Salt Works or Klingensmith farm. He married Elizabeth Ei- cher(born Oct. 18th, 1802-died Oct. Uth, 1875) and died 1864. The eldest of his five children was Isaac Klingensmith (father of the doctor), who was born April 15, 1821, in Penn township, Westmoreland county, where he still resides. He is an extensive farmer and gives some at- tention to stock-raising; a member and elder of the Evangelical Lutheran church ; and a re- spected citizen of tlie community where he has spent seventy years. On April 1st, 1849, he married Christina Wegley (born in Hempfield township Sept. 27th, 1822), and who, like her husband, is a member of the Lutheran church. To them were born Israel Putmanaud a daugh- ter, still unmarried. ]Mrs. Klingensmith is a daughter of Jacob Wegley (maternal grand- father, born Jan. 17th, 1795), who married Eliza- beth Heasley, June 24th, 1819, and died Sept. 6th, 1870. Pie was a son of Abraham and Christina (Briney) Wegley and a grandson of John and Christina (Johnston) Wegley, natives of Northampton county, who removed to West- moreland county in 1773. The Wegleys have generally been lutherans in faith, farmers by occupation, and democrats in politics. Israel P. Klingensmith received his education in the public schools and academies of his na- tive county and at Capital university, Colum- bus, Ohio. After reading medicine with Dr. J. W. B. Kamerer, of Greensburg, Pa., and with the celebrated surgeon. Prof Samuel W. Gross, of Philadelphia, he entered Jefferson Medical col- lege, Philadelphia, and was graduated March nth, 1875. Upon graduation he was entrusted, for two months, with the practice of Dr. J. S. Miller, of New Derry, and in July located at Derry Station, a prosperous town of Westmoreland county on the Pennsylvania Railroad. Here he soon built up an extensive and paying prac- tice. As was natural to a pupil of Dr. Gross, he gave special attention to surgery, and his skill in this department soon became widely known. A wider field offering at Blairsville, he removed in 1883 to that town. Here by his rare professional skill and attainments, and the conscientious discharge of his duties as a physi- cian and surgeon, he has built up a large and lucrative practice and, as formerly at Derry, special demand has been made upon his surgi- cal skill. Since 1876 he has been surgeon for the Pennsylvania railroad. The medical society of the State of Pennsyl- vania sent Dr. Klingensmith in 1878 as a dele- 202 BIOGRAPHIES OF gate to the West Virginia Medical Society, in session at Weston, W. Va. Wliile at Derry he was made president of the Westmoreland County Medical society, and is now a member and Ex-President of the Indiana County Medical society. He is also a member of the medical society of the State of Pennsylvania, the American Medical association, the British Medical association ; a corresponding member of the New York academy of Anthropology, and the Medico-Legal society of New York; a Fellow of the Society of Science, Letters and Art of London, and a member of the National Association of railway surgeons. Dr. Klingeusniith has published, largely in connection with his membership in these socie- ties, as follows: — " Treatment of Typhoid Fever," Medical Record, Aug. 25th, 1883, Vol. 24, page 204. Read before the Westmoreland County Medical society. May 1st, 1883. " Calomel in Diphtheria," Medical Record, July 12th, 1884, Vol. 26, page 36. "Incontinence of Urine," Archives of Pcedi- atrics, Sept. 1884, Vol. 1, page 657. " Hay Asthma," read in section of Laryng- ology, Ninth International Medical congress, held at Washington, D. C, Sept. 5-9, 1887. Transactions, Vol. 4, page 11. "A New Antiseptic Pocket Surgical Case," Medical Record, June 27th, 1890, Vol. 37, page 737. It may be here noted in furtherance of his literary and professional work, the doctor has acquired a large and valuable library, and on the side of general literature, rich in an exten- sive collection of English poetry. This library, which is especially full and complete in surgi- cal literature, is supplemented by an equally extensive and complete surgical armamenta- rium. On September 13th, 1883, shortly prior to his removal to Blairsville, Dr. Kliugensmith married Mary Caroline Brunot. Their union has been blest with three children : Hilary Brunot, Mary Christina and William Isaac. Mrs. Kliugensmith is a daughter of Hilary J. Brunot, a leading citizen of Greensburg, Pa., a descendant of the old and highly honorable Brunot family of France, and whose grand- father, the celebrated Dr. Felix Brunot, was a foster-brother of Gen. Lafayette. Dr. Klingensmith is a vesti-yman of St. Peter's church, Blairsville, and in politics a democrat. He is courteous and sociable, public- spirited and endowed with strong will-power. His sociable disposition early led the doctor to become a member of the Masonic Fraternity. He passed rapidly through the four bodies lo- cated at Greensburg: namely, Westmoreland Lodge, No. 518, F. A. M.', Urania R. A. Chapter, No. 192; Olivet Council Royal and Se- lect Masters No. 13, and Kedron Commandery, No. 18, Knights Templar. In addition he has attained the thirty-second degree of the Ancient and Accepted Scottish Rite, and is a Noble of Syria Temple, Ancient Arabic Order Nobles of the Mystic Shrine, both of Pittsburg. As he ascended, the interests of the doctor widened, and he was made a member of Philadelphia Conclave, No. 8, Kniglits of the Red Cross of Rome and Constantine, and becoming a member of the Royal Masonic Rite he was made Deputy Grand Representative for Pennsylvania. About the same time he was complimented with Hon- orary membership (33°, 90°, 95°) in the Sover- eign Sanctuary of Canada. After a period of five years the doctor was elected, in 1888, Very Illurtrious Junior Grand Master of Ceremonies, Royal Masonic Rite U. S. A., embracing Orders and Degrees as follows: — The Ancient and Honorable Order of Royal Ark Mariners; The Royal Oriental Order of Sikha and Sat B'Hai ; The Ancient and Primitive, Oriental and Egyp- tian Reformed Rites, 4° to 33° ; Rite of Miz- raim, 4° to 90° ; The Supreme Riteof Memphis and the Egyptian Masonic Rite of Memphis, 4° to 96°. INDIANA COUNTY. 203 With this interest in the principles of good- fellowship characteristic of Masonry, and further- ed in this interest by his position as a surgeon and physician, the Doctor is also a member of many of the fraternal and benevolent associa- tions and organizations which promote good will and co-operation in these United States. SAMUEL S. LOAVRY, D D.S., a popular young dentist of Blairsville, is a son of Dr. Mortimer B. and Lizzie (Davis) Lowry, and was born at Brookville, Jefferson county, Penn- sylvania, December 25, 1861. The Lowry family is of Scotch-Irish descent, and one of its members, Dr. Samuel Lowry (grandfather), was graduated from the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, and was for many years a prac- ticing physician of Strattonville, Clarion county, Pennsylvania. His son, Dr. Mortimer B. Lowry (father), was born at Strattonville, Pa., in 1841, and has been a successful dentist for thirty years, twenty-five of which he has spent at Brookville, where he has a large patronage. He married Lizzie Davis, daughter of Chester Davis, of Blairsville. He is an esteemed mem- ber of the Methodist Episcopal church and a republican in politics. His wife died in 1888, in the forty-seventh year of her age. Her father, Chester Davis (maternal grandfather)^ is also of Scotch-Irish descent, and is ensraged in the furniture business at Blairsville. Samuel S. Lowry was reared at Brookville, and attended the public schools of that place. From early boyhood he showed a taste and ap- titude for dentistry and leaving school he studied that profession with his father for six years and then became a student in a leading dental col- lege from which he was graduated in the class of 1889. In the fall of the same year he located at Blairsville for the practice of dentistry. His work has been of a character to recommend him to the public as a skilled and honest dentist and his patrons are rapidly increasing in number. His dental parlors are well furnished and equipped with the late appliances of his profes- sion. He makes a specialty of operative den- tistry, and his six years' experience in his father's office well qualified him for the success which he has achieved at the very beginning of his career. In politics Dr. Lowry is a republican, but does not allow political matters to take much of his attention from his business. Dr. Lowry is a courteous gentleman and well read upon dentistry and all subjects relating to or in any wav connected with it. "DICHARD BUTLER McCABE first -Ll* saw the light in the county of Cumber- land, now Perry, Pa., on the 5th of August, 1792. His grandfather, Owen McCabe (in the colonial records erroneously called McKibe), was a native of county Tyrone, Ireland, and came to this country at an early age. His first home was in Lancaster county, where he inter- married with Catherine Sears, and subsequently moved, with his wife and eldest son, James, the father of Richard, to Sherman's Valley; these two were the first men who settled in the valley. Their settlement was named Tyrone township, in memory of the childhood's home of the elder McCabe. Tyrone iron works and Tyrone City, on the Central railroad, also derive their name from the same hardy pioneer. " When the war of Independence broke out the brave old pioneer, with two hardy and stalwart sons, Robert and William, in company with Nicholas Hughes, Richard's maternal grandfather, and two equally gallant sons, shouldered arms and went to Bunker Hill. "From the family of our subject's mother descended the founders of many distinguished families of the south and west. James McCabe, the father of Richard, was regarded by his co- temporaries as a man of the purest integrity, •204 BIOGRAPHIES OF scrupulously conscientious in all his dealings, brave, kind and generous. Before Forbes ap- proached Fort Diiquesne, or Armstrong burnt Kittanning, a company was formed at or near Carlisle, the first that ever, in Pennsylvania, pursued the Indians as far as the Allegheny mountains. James McCabe was a lieutenant in that company. " He accompanied General Arnold upon his famous expedition up the Kennebec, and across into Canada, and being by the heroic Mont- gomery when he fell at Quebec, was the first to raise him from the ground. He fought gal- lantly in many battles, and after the revolution returned home broken in health by the terrible exposure to which he had been subjected. "In 1795 Lieut. McCabe died, leaving the subject of this sketch to the care and control of the widowed mother. He learned the trade of carpenter, but soon went to Philadelphia, and some time afterwards became a clerk in a Pitts- burg store. Leaving the Iron City, he acted for several years as a manager of iron-works. He read law at Richmond, Va., and Harris- burg, was admitted to the bar, and commenced to practice at Huntingdon. Subsequently he came to Blairsville (1830), where he resided until his death, January 10, 1860. "His antiquarian researches were extensive, and to him we are indebted for the preservation of much of the early history of western Penn- sylvania. His 'Brady' and other sketches are found in nearly every history of the State. At the close of his life he was engaged upon a 'Biography of the Priest of the Allegheny mountains' — the Russian prince Gallitzin, which promised to be a most charming and in- teresting work." In 1820 he married Sarah A., daughter of John Holland. To their union were born eleven children. During the time he resided at Blairsville he was elected and served one term as prothono- tary of Indiana county. JOSEPH MOORHEAD. The Blairsville " Enterprise, since it came into the hands of Joseph Moorhead, has had a strong hold upon the public by its honest independence in all things and in being a thoroughly pure news- paper in which there is no objectionable read- ing. Joseph Moorhead is a son of Hon. Samuel and Martha (Bell) INIoorhead, and was born in Burrell township, Indiana county, Pennsyl- vania, August 16, 1829. The Moorhead and Bell families trace their trans-Atlantic ancestry back to the north of Ireland. Samuel Moor- head, paternal grandfather of Joseph Moorhead, was born in 1769, in Cumberland county. He learned the trade of tanner and then removed to the northern part of Westmoreland county where there was no tannery and consequently sold his leather as fast as he could manufacture it for many years. He purchased eight or ten farms, became very wealthy and died in 1853, aged eighty-four years. His son, Hon. Samuel Moorhead (father), was born in Burrell town- ship, this county, where he was engaged largely during his life-time in farming. He was a presbyterian and a democrat, built the dam be- low Blairsville on the old Pennsylvania canal and died in 1848, aged fifty-seven years. He was a man of keen perception and remarkably good judgment. In 1830, Gov. George Wolf appointed him associate judge of the courts of Indiana couuty, which position he held very creditably for six years. Judge Moorhead married Martha Bell, who was a member of the Presbyterian church. She was a daughter of John Bell (maternal grandfather), who re- moved, in early life, from Cumberland to West- moreland county. Joseph Moorhead was reared on his father's farm and received his education in the common schools. He was engaged in farming until 1863, when, in July of that year, he enlisted in Co. A, 101st regiment, Pa. Vols. He served until April, 1865, when he was honorably dis- charged at Camp Reynolds, Allegheny county. INDIANA COUNTY. 205 and returned home to resume charge of his farm. In 1886 he removed to Blairsville and became editor and proprietor of the Blairsville Enter- prise, which had been started in 1880. It is a quarto of eight columns to th^ page, filled with carefully selected reading matter and containing, in condensed form, all the important county news and local happenings. Among other com- mendable features of the paper, it gives a com- plete and accurate church and society directory of Blairsville. It is republican in politics and has attained a circulation of seven hundred copies. In 1852, Mr. Moorhead married for his first wife Rebecca Armel, daughter of Isaac Armel, of Burrell township. She died in 1870, leaving three children : Richard E., George R. and Jessie M. Mr. Moorhead was re-married in 1871, to Rebecca Hosack, daughter of Alexan- der Ho.sack, of Burrell township. To this second union have been born five children, three sons and two daughters : John W. , Harry S., Joseph P., Alice C. and Myrtilla B. Joseph Moorhead is a republican and an elder of the Blairsville Presbyterian church. He is a member of Blairsville Lodge, No. 9, Order of Solon, and Findley Patch Post, No. 137, Grand Army of the Republic. On July 24, 1890, he was appointed, by President Harrison, post- master of Blairsville, for a term of four years. Mr. Moorhead has aimed in journalism to give the public a clean and pure paper, devoted to the true interests of Blairsville and Indiana countv and success has crowned his eflfbrts. SAMUEL HOWARD SHEPLEY, A.M., whose death occurred November 18, 1874, was born at Quincy, Mass., March 6, 1810. He fitted for college at an academy in New Hampshire, and was graduated from Bowdoin college, Maine, in the class of 1833. After graduation he was principal of an academy for two years and then entered Andover Theologi- cal seminary to study for the Christian min- istry, but completed his course at Bangor The- ological seminary. He was licensed to preach in June, 1838, and in October was ordained pastor of the Congregational church of New Gloucester, Maine. In 1848 he returned to teaching, and iu 1852 became principal of the Blairsville Female seminary, which position he filled most acceptably for thirteen years. The following tribute is paid to his memory by Rev. George Hill, D.D. : "His last years were spent without any direct pastoral or edu- cational charge, but he was not idle. He preached, as opportunity offered, in vacant churches and in the pulpits of his brethren in the ministry, many of whom are indebted to him for valuable help in time of need. He loved the prayer-meeting and especially the monthly concert, and contributed by his pres- ence and his words of cheer to make them in- teresting and attractive to others. He was always deeply interested in revivals of religion, and his very last public address, made at the October meeting of Presbytery, was on this subject, when it, at his suggestion, was before that body for conference and prayer. He was even then suffering great pain from the disea.se which terminated his life. After a sleepless night he returned home, in the early morning, to lie down upon the bed from which, six weeks later, good men carried him to his burial. These weeks, particularly the last two, were weeks of severe suffering, amounting much of the time to extreme agony. But no word of complaint or impatience, not even a groan escaped his lips. He often expressed the desire to fly away and be at rest; but he was willing to wait, and did patiently wait all the days of his appointed time until his change came." ANTES SNYDER. One regarded as an authority upon railroad engineering in the western part of the State is Antes Snyder, of 206 BIOGRAPHIES OF Blairsville, engineer of right of way, Pennsyl- vania Kailroad Division, and a grandson of Governor Simon Snyder, after whom Snyder county, Pennsylvania, was named. He was born at Selinsgrove, Snyder county, Pennsyl- vania, December 9, 1836, and is a son of George A. and Ann Ellen (Duncan) Snyder. Governor Snyder's father, Anthony Snyder, was a me- chanic, who came, in 1758, from Germany to this State, where he died in 1774. Governor Snyder was born in Lancaster county, Novem- ber 5, 1759, and died near Selinsgrove, Pa., November 9, 1819. He learned the trade of tan- ner, and in 1784 removed to Selinsgrove, where he became a large land-owner, a prosperous business man and a popular and influential democratic leader. He served as a member of the Pennsylvania legislature, was speaker of the house for six terms and originated the "hun- dred-dollar act," which embodied the arbitra- tioH principles and provided for the trial of causes where the amount in question was less than $100. In 1808, 1811 and 1814 he was elected on the democratic ticket as governor of ; Pennsylvania by majorities ranging between twenty thousand and fifty thousand. He was a man who had the courage of his convictions, and made an excellent governor. In 1817 he was elected as a member of the State senate, and two years later died on November 9, 1819, aged sixty years. He married, and one of his sons was George A. Snyder (father), who was born in the latter part of the last century and removed to Williamsport, Pa., where he resided until his death. He was a lawyer by profession, a unitarian in religion and married Ann Ellen Duncan, who was a native of Lycoming county. Antes Snyder was reared at Selinsgrove and Pottstown and received his early education in the public schools of the former and the private schools of the latter place. Leaving school, he studied civil and topographical engineering with his uncle, Capt. Pollston, who was a graduate of West Point Military academy and a civil engineer on the Reading railroad. After com- pleting his studies with his uncle he was en- gaged in the engineering department of the Read- ing railroad and remained on that road as an en- gineer until 1857.* He then went to Farrands- ville, Clinton county, where he assumed charge of a rolling mill and coal mines, which were well understood to be the individual property at that time of Christina, queen of Spain. In 1859 he left Farrandsville and went to New Jersey, where he had charge of the construction of the railroad from Millville to Cape May. In 1863 he came to Blairsville and completed the con- struction of the Western Pennsylvania railroad from Blairsville to Allegheny city, which had been undertaken by the Northwestern railroad company, which had failed when the road was nearly graded. After the completion of the last-named road he removed (1869) to Freeport, Armstrong county, and was in charge of the construction of the Butler Branch of the West- ern Pennsylvania R. R. In 1871 he left the service of the Pennsylvania Railroad company and was engaged for two years in the lumber business, first at Freeport and then in Pitts- burg. In 1873 he again accepted service with the Pennsylvania Railroad Comjiany, and has remained in their employ ever since. He was -stationed by the company at Springdale, Alle- gheny county, from 1873 to 1876, and in Johns- town, Cambria county, from 1876 to 1879. Since the last-named year he has resided at Blairsville and been in charge of the office of engineer of the right of way. In 1866 he united in marriage with Emma F. Evans, daughter of Robert Evans, of Blairs- ville, but formerly of Lancaster county. They have four children: Fannie E., Ellen D., An- tes L. and Emma. Antes Snyder is a republican in politics. He is a warden and vestryman of St. Peter's Prot- estant Episcopal church, and owns a pleasant and comfortable home at Blairsville, where he is highly respected as a gentleman and a citizen. INDIANA COUNTY. 207 SAMUEL D. STIFFEY, a well-established I and active dealer in stoves and tinware at Blairsville, is a son of Daniel and Mary (Altnian) Stiffey, and was born in Black Lick township, Indiana county, Pennsylvania, May 20, 1842. His father, Daniel Stitfey, was born in Prussia, in 1790, and early in life emigrated from that country to eastern Pennsylvania, where he remained for several years. He eventually established himself in Black Lick township, where he followed his trade of reed- maker and at the same time was engaged in i farming. He was a consistent member of the Methodist Episcopal church until his death, which occurred in 1844, when he was fifty-nine years of age. He married Mary Altman, who was a member of the old family of Altmans in Black Lick township, who had taken up a tract of land in 1796, known as the " Deserted Vil- [ lage," from the fact that on it had been an Indian camping-ground for many yeare. In the house in which she was born, she was after- j ward married and also died. She was a hum- ble and consistent member of the Methodist Episcopal church and was a daughter of Philip Altman, a farmer, who was born December 28, 1763, aud died May 29, 1813. Samuel D. Stiffey was reared on his father's farm, attended the common schools of Black Lick township and at the age of eighteen years went to Blairsville, where he learned the trade of tinner, serving an apj^renticeship of three years. During the second year of the late war (August 15, 1862) he enlisted in a regiment of Pennsylvania Volunteers, and served until May 24, 1863, when his regiment was mustered out of service. He was in several engagements on the Rappahannock and fought under General Hooker, at Chancellorsville. After his return from the army he worked at his trade until 1865, when he and his brother, William Stitfey, formed a partnership, bearing the firm title of W. A. Stiffey & Bro. , and became dealers in stoves, tinware, etc. He retired from this partnership in October, 1865. His brother continued the business until his death, in Feb- ruary, 1886, when Samuel D. Stiffey purchased the store and stock of goods of the administra- tors of his brother's estate, and has continually added to his stock until now his establishment is one of the largest of its kind in his section of the county. He is located on Market street, and always furnishes promptly anything called for in his line of business. In 1870 he married Martha Green, daughter of Isaac and Elizabeth Green. Mr. and Mre. Stiffey have two sons and one daughter: Annie L., Frank and Harry E. He is a trustee of the Methodist Episcopal church, of which he has been a member for many years. He is a temperance advocate and an able and active supporter of the prohibition party. He has served as assistant burgess of his borough, and has held the office of overseer of the poor for the last ten years. Mr. Stiffey is a member of Chosen Friends, Order of the Iron Hall, and Royal Society of Good Fellows. Thoroughgoing and prompt in business, Mr. Stiffey has continually increased his patronage and ranks among the honorable and substantial citizens of the county. ROBERT G. STITT, of the enterprising liv- ery firm of Stitt & Bender, is a .sou of John A. and Nancy B. (Wickson) Stitt, and was born in Derry township, Westmoreland county, Pennsylvania, December 30, 1852. The Stitt family is of Irish descent. John A. Stitt (father) was born in 1826. In his youth he was a canal boatman, and ran a boat on the old Pennsylvania canal until the latter was sold to the Pennsylvania railroad company. He then entered the employ of the railroad company, in which he remained until 1888, when he retired from active life. He resides at Blairsville, where he has made his home since 1865. He married Nancy B. ^Vickson. He is a republi- 208 BIOORAPHIES OF can, and attends the Methodist Episcopal 1 church, of which his wife is a member. Robert G. Stitt was reared at Blairsville and received a common-school education. During the early part of his life, he worked in the employ of the Pennsylvania railroad company, first as a fireman and then as an engineer on freight and passenger trains running on their road between Altoona and Pittsburgh. From 1884 to the spring of 1889 he kept a butcher shop at Blairsville. lu August, 1889, ho went into partnei-ship with F. B. Bender, and en- gaged in the livery business, under the firm- name of Stitt & Bender. They have a large stock of fine buggies and first-class driving and riding horses, and, although they have been in their present business but one year, yet they have already secured, by fair dealing and courteous attention to the public, a large patronage. In 1876, Robert G. Stitt married Sarah Mor- ford, daughter of Stephen Morford, of Derry township, Westmoreland county. Their union has been blest with two children: Ella S., and Walter B. He is a strict adherent to the principles and tenets of the Republican party. In his former positions on the passenger trains of the Penn- sylvania railroad, Robert G. Stitt gained con- siderable knowledge of human nature, which has been of great benefit to him in his later business ventures. Courteous in manner, al- ways to be relied upon in whatever he promises, he has gained the confidence and esteem of all those with whom he has come in contact. LIEUTENANT WILLIAM LINTLER TURNER, a reliable business man of Blairsville and a commissioned officer in the 5th regiment of the National Guard of Pennsyl- vania, is a son of James M. and Matilda (Lint- ler) Turnei", and was born in Butler township, Indiana county, Pennsylvania, October 23, 1857. His grandfather, James Turner, was a native of eastern Pennsylvania, but removed to Centre township, Indiana county, early in life. He was a fuller by trade, but when he removed to Indiana county, he bought a farm which he tilled during the remainder of his life. He was an honest, upright man, who commanded the respect of his neighbors. He married and reared a family. One of his sons, James M. Turner (father), was born near Jacksonville, Centre township, and received his education in the public schools of Cincinnati, Ohio. In 1858 he returned to Indiana county, to what is known as " Campbell's Mills," in Burrell town- ship, and opened a general mercantile store which he sold in 1868, and then formed a part- nership with a Mr. Smith. They opened an office in Burrell township, on the Indiana branch of the Pennsylvania Central railroad, where they have since dealt largely in coal, under the firm-name of Smith & Turner. They have an extensive patronage, and not only furnish coal to local dealers, but also, as wholesale dealers, ship it in large quantities to distant points. Mr. Turner is an elder in the Blairsville Pres- byterian church, of which he has been for many years an active member. He is a pronounced temperance man and an ardent supporter of the Prohibition party. He married Matilda Lint- ler, who was born in Burrell township, and died in 1880. William L. Turner was reared on his father's farm and attended the Blairsville academy, where he made a specialty of the study of civil engineering, which he followed for the first four years after he left the academy. Since 1884, he has been engaged with his father in the coal business, at Blairsville. He is a member of Co. D, 5th regiment, Pennsylvania National Guard, and on February 7, 1888, was appoint- ed second sergeant of the company to which he belongs, and in July of the same year was pro- moted to the office of first sergeant. On May 10, 1889, he was elected first lieutenant of his company and has served as such ever since. INDIANA COUNTY. 209 Co. D is composed of citizens of Blairsville, and is well spoken of Lieutenant Turner is courteous and obliging and gives strict attention to liis business, which demands the larger part of his time. RICHARD W. WEHRLE, one of the lead- ing jewelers of the progressive borough of Blairsville, is a son of Blossous and Cornelia (Tintiioff) Wehrle, and was born at Indiana, Indiana county, Pennsylvania, October 1, 1853. His father, Blossous Wehrle, was born in Baden-Baden, Germany, in 1809, and learned the trade of jeweler in his native country, from which he emigrated, in 1828, to the United States. He located at Indiana, where he was engaged in the jewelry business until his death, in 1887. Like most of the citizens who have learned their trades in the Fatherland, he was a complete master of his trade in all of its de- tails. Endowed with energy and industry and being known as a fine workman, he was success- ful in his particular line of business. He was a devout 'member of the Catholic church, a sup- porter of the Democratic party, and was held in high estimation by his friends and neighbors. He married Cornelia Tinthoff, daughter of William Tinthoff, of Indiana. She was also a consistent member of the Catholic church, and died in that faith in 1882. Mr. and Mrs. Wehrle sleep in the Catholic cemetery at In- diana. Ricliard W. Wehrle was reared at Indiana, attended the public schools of that borough, and then served an apprenticeship in the jewelry business with his father and the firm of S. M. Tinthoff, at Brookville, Jefferson county. He opened a jewelry store in 1873, at Blairsville, which he has carried on successfully ever since. A skilled workman, a pleasant, genial, courteous gentleman, and withal possessing a keen sense of business honor, he has secured the esteem of the community, and with that a lucrative trade. 13 In 1889 he purcha.sed two stone quarries, both of whioh are situated in Indiana county, and from these he is .shipping blue stone and Belgium-block paving stone to Pittsl)urgh. In connection with the sale of stone, he is also dealing in coal. He is a strong democrat and a member of the Presbyterian church of Blairsville, and Lodge No. 355, Free & Accepted Masons. His jewelry establishment is located on ]V[ain street, and he has a large and choice stock of watches, clocks and silverware. He gives special attention and direct supervision to re- pairs of all kinds of work in his line of busi- ness. He is a first-class workman and has many friends within the circle of his acquaint- ance. REV. ISAAC WILLIAM WILEY, M. D., D.D., LL.D., one of the early mission- aries to China and a bishop of the Methodist Episcopal church, was born at Lewistown, Pennsylvania, March 29, 1825. At fourteen years of age he entered an academy to fit him- self for college, hoping to be a minister. Al- though liceused at eighteen, yet his health failed him and he did not enter the ministry, but after- wards read medicine and was graduated from the medical department of the University of New York. In 1846 he came to Blairsville, where he practiced with fair success until 1850, when he offered himself to the Philadelphia conference as a minister, but there was no room for him. Dr. Durbin then prevailed upon him to go to China as a medical missionary. He remained in China until 1853, when his wife died and he came back to the United States. From 1854 to 1858 he filled a pastorate in New Jersey and then for fifteen years was principal of a seminary and editor of the Ladies' Reposi- tory, of Cincinnati. In 1872 he was elected as a bishop of the Methodist Episcopal churcii. Twelve years later, while on an episcopal tour 210 BIOGRAPHIES OF he visited the missions which he had founded in Foochow, China, and died there in November, 1884, in the house in which he had resided as a missionary in 1852. In the field of religious literature he was known as a clear writer. He published two books and edited several works of importance and value. As a pastor Dr. Wiley was useful and respected, as a teacher he was successful and popular and as an editor his taste was ex- cellent and his style chaste. As a bishop he was prudent, deliberate and clear, and seldom made an error either in the interpretation of constitutional or parliamentary law or the selection of men for particular posts in the M. E. church. LIEUTENANT-COLONEL GEO. WIL- KINSON. Among the older business men of Blairsville, highly esteemed by all who know him, and well performing the duties of good citizenship, is Lieutenant- Colonel George Wilkinson, one of the few remaining officers oT the old Uniformed Militia of Pennsylvania. He was born on his father's farm in what is now the suburbs of Scranton, Lackawanna county, Pennsylvania, May 7, 1815, and is a son of Mott and Phoebe (Freeman) Wilkinson. Mott Wilkinson was born in Hartford, Con- necticut, in 1760, and .served in the Revolution under his uncle, Capt. Daniel Lawrence. At the close of that war he remained to nurse his uncle, who was sick, and when the latter had recovered they left their quarters in the old Dravo prison to follow the trail of their com- pany on its homeward march through the woods by marks on the trees. They had five pounds of biscuit, and after these were consumed they lived for nine days on mountain tea and berries. Finally this scant food supply gave out and they cooked to a crisp and ate the bottoms of their buckskin pantaloons. At this juncture, when about to perish, one of their comrades came back to them with a few pounds of horse beef, which enabled them to reach home. Shortly after this Mott Wilkinson removed to the site of Scranton, Pa., where he purchased land and cleared out a farm, which is now in- cluded in the suburbs of that city. In 1820 he came to Black Lick township, this county, where he followed farming for eight years and then removed to Bairdstown, in Derry town- ship, Westmoreland county, at which place he died on December 4, 1856, when lacking but four years of being a centenarian. He was of English descent, was a whig and afterwards a republican, and with all of his family belonged to the M. E. church. He married Phoebe Freeman, a native of Connecticut, who died May 7, 1855, aged sixty-five years. They had eight children; Lucy Turner, Elisha, James, Phoebe Geer, Dennison, John, Deborah Goff and Col. George. George Wilkinson was reared on his father's Indiana county farm and at Blairsville. He re- ceived his education in the subscription schools of his day and learned the trade of stone-mason and bricklayer, which he followed for three years. He then began contracting, in which business be was actively engaged until a few years ago. Mr. Wilkinson superintended the building of the masonry work on the West Penn Branch R. R. from the intersection to Blairsville, and, with his brother Dennison, built all of the sub- stantial brick houses of Blairsville, which were erected prior to 1876. In 1872 he assumed charge of his present hotel, the well-known Union House. At an early age Mr. Wilkinson became in- terested in military matters, and on August 12, 1849, was commissioned by Gov. Johnson as captain of the "Blairsville Blues." Nine years later Gov. Packer commissioned him captain of the " Wa-shington Blues," and on June 6, 1859, issued a commission to him as lieutenant-col- onel of the First regiment Uniformed Militia ^/^Mf^^^^--^^^-'^^ INDIANA COUNTY. 213 of Pennsylvania. In 1861 he was sworn into tlie Union service with the rank of lieutenant- colonel, and was placed in command of a force stationed at Alexandria, Va., in charge of a \ camp for wounded soldiers and escaping southern negroes. After three months' service in this position, and seeing no opportunity of being | transferred to the front, he resigned and re- ! turned home. I In 1835 he married Mary Ann Geer, | daughter of James Geer, of Indiana county. In 1813 Mrs. Wilkinson died, leaving one son, Albert, who is also dead. In 1844 Mr. Wil- kinson re- married, his second wife being Nancy J. Brown, a daughter of Samuel Brown, of In- diana county, and who has borne him five children, of whom four are living: Gilmore, Charles, Freeman and Elizabeth, svife of Delos Hetrick, who is a druggist at Indiana. Col. Wilkinson is a charter member of Pal- ladium Lodge, No. 346, Independent Order of Odd Fellows, which was organized thirty years ago. He is an earnest methodist and contrib- uted more to bnild the present Methodist Epis- copal church of Blairsville than any other man in the county. In 1855 he removed with his family to La- crosse, Wis., but, not liking the country, after a six weeks' residence returned to Blairsville. He went by boat, and when on the Mississippi river, opposite Keokuk, Iowa, a terrific storm came up and they would have been destroyed if Col. Wilkinson had not (when every other man refused) swam to the Iowa shore with a line by which the boat was brought to land. His hotel, the Union House, was erected in 1855 and en- larged in 1876. It now has twenty-two rooms and is thorough iu all of its appointments and arrangements for accommodating the traveling- public. Mr. Wilkinson started in life with nothing but his trade and good health and is now the largest tax-payer of Blairsville, be- sides owning a valuable farm adjoining the borough. MARTIN M. WILSON. It is as a business man of phenomenal success that Martin M. Wilson is now best known, after having successively won a reputation in telegraphy and in the wider field of railway management. He was born at Blairsville, Indiana county, Penn- sylvania, February 4, 1854, and is a son of John H. and Eliza J. (Morford) Wilson. The Wilson family, as the name clearly indicates, is of Scotch origin and James Wilson, the grand- father of Martin M. Wilson, was born near Wheeling, Virginia (now West Virginia). He came to Blairsville, where he followed contract- ing until the breaking out of the Mexican war. He then entered the United States service as the commander of a wagon train. He was with the Army of the Center, under Gen. Scott, from Vera Cruz to the City of Mexico, in which vi- cinity he died with yellow fever. One of his sons was John H. Wilson (father), who was born at Blairsville, Indiana county, Pennsylva- nia, January 20, 1834, and died at his home at Blairsville, ou July 6, 1862, aged twenty-eight years. He learned the trade of carpenter, and was actively engaged, during his life-time, as a carpenter and bridge-builder. He was a repub- lican iu politics and latterly a consistent mem- ber of the Blairsville Methodi.st Episcopal church. He was a stirring and energetic man, who had many friends within the circle of his acquaintance. He married Eliza Jane Morford, who is a daughter of Stephen and Amy (Davis) Morford and was born in August, 1835, at Blairsville, where she now resides and is a member of the M. E. church. Mr. and Mrs. Wilson were the parents of two children: Martin M., and John E., a carpenter and bridge- builder. Martin M. Wilson was reared at Blairsville and received his education in the public schools of that place. He then learned telegraphy and was engaged as a telegraph operator in Alle- gheny city, on the Pa. R. R., before he was six- teen years of age. So assiduously did he apply 214 BIOGRAPHIES OF himself to the duties of his position that he soon became a safe and expert operator. In the midst of making a very creditable record as a telegraph operator, he was transferred to clerical work and for twenty years was em- ployed as chief clerk and assistant agent in various offices along the line of the Pennsylva- nia railroad, and also as chief clerk and pay- master for the entire division from January, 1879, to January, 1890. On January 1, 1890, he resigned his position with the Pennsylvania Railroad company in order to give needed at- tention to his own individual business enter- prises, some of which were assuming propor- tions of considerable magnitude. Among the many enterprises in which he has been inter- ested for several years is the Cheswick Land company, of which he is secretary, the Wood Alcohol company, in which he is a director, and the Bagdad coal company, of which he is secre- tary. But the largest and one of the most important enterprises in which he has invested is the Feldmann Quarry company, which owns four hundred acres of land, of which one hun- dred is underlaid with the Ligonier granite blue stone. Mr. Wilson is general manager of this company and steadily employs a force of one hundred and fifty men in quarrying this rock and shipping it to different points throughout the United States. It is well adapted for a building stone and when properly dressed re- sists well the action of the weather and presents a handsome appearance. This quarry is located on the Bolivar Branch of the Pennsylvania railroad, and from it he ships, on an average, three thousand blocks of stone per day, which is mainly used for paving. On September 3, 1879, Mr. Wilson married Anna Maher, daughter of William Maher, a banker of Blairsville. To this union have been born three children, one son and two daughters : Ralph M., Mary Ida and Louisa E. M. M. Wilson is a member of the Blairsville town council, Blairsville Council, No. 831, Royal Arcanum, and Blairsville Assembly, No. 82, Royal Society of Good Fellows. He is a republican in political opinion. He is a natural and persistent hard worker and has always been remarkably successful. Mr. Wilson is a notable example of an enterprising, wide-awake, self-made man. Whatever he is and whatever he has accomplished is due to his own energy and effort. It has been chiefly through his agency that several of the companies, with which he has been connected for several years, have entered upon their present careers of in- creasing prosperity and wealth. ISAAC WYNN, a prosperous business man of Blairsville, and one of the leading brick manufacturers of the county, is a son of Jonathan and Mary (Bitner) Wynn, and ^vas born at Blairsville, ludiana county, Pennsyl- vania, November 2, 1837. His father, Jona- than Wynn, was born March 1, 1804, in Som- erset county, and came, when a youug man, to Blairsville, where he followed brickmaking in the summer and shoemaking in the winter. He was a member of the Evangelical Lutheran church, and a republican in polities. He was au upright and energetic man, and at the time of his death, in 1851, was in the very matured prime of manhood. He married Elizabeth Bitner, February 5, 1829, who was a daughter of John Bitner, and was born September 9, 1807, in Westmoreland county, in the beauti- ful, historic and far-fomed "Ligonier Valley." She was a consistent member of the Lutheran church, and passed away February 4, 1867, when in the sixtieth year of her age. Isaac Wynn received his education in the public schools of Blairsville. When but a boy he commenced working in his father's brick- yard, and has continued in the brickmaking business ever since. In 1860 he bought the old homestead of his brothers and their heirs, together with the brick-yard, which furnishes INDIANA COUNTY. 215 an excelleut quality of clay for red paving and building brick, and for which he finds a ready sale. In the spring of 1890 he took his only son, Henry T., in partnership with him, under the firm-name of I. Wynn & Son. They have enlarged the brick-yard to its present capacity, and are able to manufacture many thousand bricks per day. They employ fifteen men, and have a constant demand for their brick both at | home and abroad. On December 21, 1869, he married Fannie Triece, daughter of Henry Triece, and their ' marriage has been blest with eight children, one son and seven daughters : Henry T., Net- tie, Lillie Belle, Susan, Blanche, Ida, Mary, Hannah and Annie lyaurie, who died January 2, 1887. Isaac Wynn is a republican, but is not a bigot or extremist in political matters. He is a member of Keystone Lodge, No. 1, Chosen Friends. His brick works are well fitted with all modern machinery and everything necessary for the manufacture of first-class brick, and Mr. Wynn, being a practical brickmaker him- self, is enabled to give his business an intelli- gent, close and thorough supervision. He has a pleasant and comfortable home at Blairsville, where he always welcomes and hospitably en tertains his many friends. for several years. He then removed to New Jersey, but returned to Blairsville in 1849 and remained there until his death, in 1856. In 1812 he married Rebecca Wallace, who was a daughter of Peter Wallace, of " Wallace Fort," and died in 1867, aged eighty-one years. Major Knott served tor several years as a major in the Pennsylvania Militia. Major Knott was superintendent for nine years of the Morris canal in New Jersey, where he served as postmaster of Newark city for four years. In 1849 he returned to Blairsville, of which he was appointed postmaster and served as such until his death, in 1856. MAJOR WILSON KNOTT was a son of Joseph and Isabella (Wilson) Knott, and was born in Derry township, Westmoreland county, Pennsylvania, in 1789. Mrs. Knott was a daughter of Col. James and Isabella (Barr) Wilson, who were pioneer settlers of western Penn.sylvania. He was reared on a farm, and soon after attaining his majority became captain of a company which he commanded during the war of 1812. After nearly two years' service in that war he returned 'to his native county, and iu 1830 came to Blairsville, where he resided " p EV. J. A. STILLINGER, V.G., was ^*> born in Baltimore, Md., April 19, 1801. His father was born in York county, Pennsylvania, his grandfather in or near Philadelphia, and his great-grandfather in Cologne, Prussia. The latter came to Pennsyl- vania during the proprietary of William Peun. He assisted in forming the congregation and building the little chapel of St. Joseph's on Fourth street, Philadelphia. His mother was born in Baltimore, her father beiusr born in France, and her mother in York county, Penn- sylvania. He resided with his grandfather and grandmother, and was about three years old when they took him to themselves. In 1816 he was employed in a German printing office iu Chambersburg, where he learned to read German by .setting type. In 1817 he engaged in the printing office of Robert G. Harper, in Chambersburg, and remained three and a half years. In November, 1820, he entered the college of St. Mary's, Emmettsburg, Md., where he remained ten years. In November, 1830, he was ordained a priest, and his fii"st mission was to the Mountain congregation and Liberty, remaining till November following, when he was appointed to the Church of Sts. Simon and Jude, of Blairsville. He also at- 216 BIOGRAPHIES OF INDIANA COUNTY. tended to the Church of St. Vincent and all Westmoreland county for many years. In 1834, Fayette, Greene and Washington counties were added to his charge. In 1842 the bishop sent him to visit all the Catholic settlements as far north as the New York line. There were only three officiating priests in western Pennsylvania at that time. " After a vigorous ministry of forty-three years, this devoted disciple of the church was found dead, after celebrating the morning Mass, September 19, 1843, in the sacristy of the church. A fit monument to his many years of service is the wonderful growth of the church in western Pennsylvania, and to him, as a faith- ful missionary, much of the substantial growth of the period from 1840 to 1873, is due. His many virtues will never be forgotten by the people, not only of Blairsville, but of the county and the western portion of the State." SALTSBURG. Historical and Descriptive. — Saltsburg, one of the principal towns of the Coneniaugh Val- ley, is in the southwestern part of the county. It is situated on the right bank of the Cone- maugh river, near the site of an old Indian village, and derived its name from the salt works in that section of the county. It is twenty miles southwest of the couuty-seat, ten miles northwest of Blairsville, two hundred and six miles from Washington City, and one hun- dred and seventy-five miles from Harrisburg. It was laid out in 1817, and received corporate honors April 16, 1838. The history of its site is given by Caldwell as follows : " The first survey in the vicinity of Saltsburg bears the date of June '20, 1769, and the application was made April 3, 1769, by William Gray. The tract was called 'Gray's Mount,' and was con- veyed to J. Montgomery, May 8, 1772. The survey is numbered ' 863,' and the tract is de- scribed as ' situate westward of " Black Leg's Town," and on the north side of a small run, including several small springs.' An Indian trail is shown on the plat as proceeding toward Fort Pitt. The survey is signed * Robert Mc- Crea. D. S.' " In the same year an application was made for a survey for a large tract lying between 'Black Leg's creek' and Kiskiminetas and Conemaugh rivers (on part of which Saltsburg was afterwards located), by Hugh and Thomas Wilson, to whom, we are informed by Wood- end, the warrant and patent were afterwards granted." In 1817 the salt industry attracted the atten- tion of Andrew Boggs (father of Judge Boggs, of Kittanning), and he purchased a large por- tion of the site of Saltsburg and laid it out in lots, which were readily bought. The first house was built in 1819, on the lot now occu- pied by the Presbyterian church. The first tavern was opened in 1820 by John Williams, by some authorities, while others credited Jas. Fitzgeralds as being the first hotel-keeper. In 1827 John Carson opened a tailor shop, and two years later George Johnston established a store. Dr. Kirkpatrick was the first physician to practice in the town, but Dr. Benjamin Ster- rett was the first resident physician. For the succeedmg fifty years after his location we find account of the following physicians at Saltsburg: John McFarland, 1833; Thomas Murray, 1837 ; D. R. Allison, 1844; Dr. Kier; Robert McConnoughey, 1850; H. G. Lomison and Dr. William McBryar, 1852; Jas. Morgan, 1853; H. S. Snowdon, 1854; Dr. Cunningham; S. T. Reddick, 1860; W. F. Barclay, 1866; J. L. Crawford, 1868; Thomas Carson, 1874; M. R. George and Dr. Bain, 1875, and W. S. Taylor, 1876. The leading resident physicians of Saltsburg are : Dr. W. B. Ansley, who came in 1877, and Dr. Thomas Carson, who located in 1874. In 1829 the Pennsylvania caual was completed to Saltsburg, and on May 15th of that year the "Pioneer" and "Penasylvania" canal-boats of David Leech's line arrived at the town. During the existence of the canal the town grew rapidly in population and was an 217 218 HISTORICAL SKETCH OF important point on the canal as well as being the centre of the salt trade of the county, which, in 1842, amounted to seventy thousand bushels of that article. The abandonment of the canal and the decline of salt manufacturing retarded the growth of Saltsburg until 1887, when the opening of coal mines and the establishment of other industries gave a new lease of life to the town. Saltsburg is west of the third or Indiana an- ticliual axis and lies in the Fourth Great Coal basin west of the Alleghenies. On the Cone- maugh river this basin is more than fifteen miles wide. "Prolonged northeast it narrows somewhat by the approach of its sides, but fifty miles to the north its dimensions are very near the same as they are on the Conemaugh. "For convenience of discussion I have di- vided the basin into two parts, calling all that east of the sub-anticlinals and between them and the Indiana Axis, the Marion sub-basin, from the town of Marion, situated in the northern part of the trough; and have denomiuated as the Saltsburg sub-basin the portion lying be- tween the anticlinals and the Armstrong county line. "The Saltsburg anticlinal comes up through Westmoreland county, to cross the Conemaugh river between White's station and Kelly's, nearly three miles above Saltsburg. Northeast of this it bends slightly and runs under a high barren Measure plateau. "It is seen, and for the last time, on Ci'ooked creek, which it crosses near Chambersville, about three miles northeast of McKee's mill. "At Saltsburg, as at Blairsville, the Pitts- burgh coal bed crosses the Conemaugh Valley from Westmoreland into Indiana county, to run upward along the gently sloping floor of the Saltsburg sub-basin as far as West Lebanon. Below Saltsburg on the Conemaugh more than one huudred feet of Upper Productive rocks are presented in the hills; and in this condition the basin continues without much change north- eastward from the river for about ten miles, when the entire Upper Productive group is thrust into the air under the influeuce of the rising synclinal. "The manufacture of salt at Saltsburg dates from a period early in the present century, but the salt industry has never been very extensive- ly carried on in the valley of the Conemaugh, and what little salt is at present produced is consumed principally in the country round about. The only works now in operation (1878) in this immediate region are those of Messrs. Waddle aud Wining, close to Kelly's station, the salt water there used coming, as before stated, from the sandstone of Formation X, the top stratum of which here underlies the river bed by about six hundred feet in depth ; no detailed record of the rocks pierced in drill- ing the holes was kept. In every case the bor- ing was begun a few feet below the Upper Freeport coal. The supply of tlie salt water is unfiiiling, and sufficient for all the demands made upon it. As it comes from the rock it is not specially strong, and the reduction process consequently occupies considerable time. In the end, however, a good clean white salt is pro- duced." By one account the Saltsburg Presbyterian congregation was organized in Conemaugh town- ship in 1796, and by another statement it did not come into existence as a church at Saltsburg uutil 1824. One historical writer gives the fol- lowing of the churches of the place up to 1876: "Thomas Davis organized the church. Rev. Jos. Harper was tlie first pastor. The church was not finished until the spring of 1831. On the first day of April, same year, it was con- sumed by fire. The present brick structure, on the same site, was built soon after. In com- mon with the growth of the town other societies were formed, and churches were built succes- sively, — Methodist Episcopal cluirch, built of frame, in 1841 ; first pastor. Rev. Jeremiah Phillips. Associate, now U. P., built of brick, INDIANA AND ARMSTRONG COUNTIES. 219 in 1843; church organized by Rev. Hanse Lee; first instituted pastor, Rev. Oliver P. Katz, in December, 1861. Catholic church, built of brick, on margin of borough in Cone- maugh township, in 1843; first officiating priest, Rev. Stillinger. Universalist church, built of frame, in 1870; first advocate of doc- trine in church. Rev. Andrew Getty. U. P. church, rebuilt of frame, in 1870. Baptist church, built of brick, in 1843; first settled pastor, Rev. Thomas Wedell." The first bridge was the toll bridge erected in 1842. The county bridge over the Loyalhauna was built in 1847 and the Western Pennsylva- nia railroad bridge was erected in 1885. The old burial-ground, on the river, laid out in 1810, was succeeded by the Presbyterian grave-yard of 1817. Edgewood cemetery con- sists of ten acres of ground beautifully hud out in streets, avenues and lots. The ground was purchased in 18G8, for fifteen hundred dollars. In it stands " The Soldiers' Monument." The base of the monument is five feet high, upon which rests the die and cornice six feet high, and on the cornice rests the obelisk, which is twenty- five feet high. The names of the soldiers from the immediate vicinity who gave their lives in the service of their country are enclosed in a bo.x in the base of the monument. The Saltsburg academy was established in 1851 as the sixth academy between the Alle- gheny river and the Allegheny mountains. Daniel Walter started a carriage shop which was purchased in 1848 by Hail Clark and others. In 1857, Mr. Clark became sole pro- prietor and now has one of the largest and best enuipj)ed carriage factories in the State. The burgesses of Saltsburg from 1838 to 1878 have been: Dr. Thomas Murray, 1838; Alexander White, 1840; Dr. John JMcFarland, 1841; Thompson McCrea, 1843; James R. Daugherty, 1845; David Henderson, 1846; James Rl Daugherty, 1848; Alexander Flem- ing, 1849; James M. Hart, 1851; William Mclntire, 1853; William R. Sprague, 1854; J. S. Robinson, 1855; James M. Hart, 1856; James Moore, 1858; R. A. Young, 1859, James R. Daugherty, 1861 ; W. I. Sterrett, 1862; John Earhart, 1863; Alex. Fleming, 1864; Hail Clark, 1865; Alex. Fleming, 1866; James Moore, 1867; S. H. Martin, 1869; Hail Clark and W. I. Sterrett, 1870; James B. Robin.sou, 1872; R. A. Young, 1873; George W. Freet, 1874; R. J. Portser, 1875; .James Hart, 1876. Saltsburg's most important source of income at present is the Fairbanks and Foster coal mines. They are located about a mile and a half from the town and not far from the line of the West Peun railroad. The two compan- ies employ about three hundred and twenty-five miners. Many of the miners own their own homes, and there are no company stores or any system of orders in vogue. The men are for the most part Americans and, although not paid as high wages for mining as those at some I other points, they manage to live comfortably and subsist without strikes. They come to Saltsburg for their supplies, and their trade keeps business lively. The capacity of the Fairbanks mines is at present about thirty-five cars daily, but this is likely soon to be in- creased. The Foster mines will also increa.se their present capacity of twenty-five cars. Both plants are finely equipped, having their own line of cars for shipping. Their markets extend to Canada. The mines are equipped with the latest improved apparatus, such as electric drills and .steam subways. The coal is conveyed from the mines to the tipples, a dis- tance of from one to two miles, by means of dinky engines, owned by the company. As a result of these almost constant improvements the coal companies have not been paying very heavy dividends. But the stock-holders can .see in these added facilities increased assets and a better foundation for future prosperity. In connection with the Fairbanks mines are a 220 HISTORICAL SKETCH OF number of coke ovens, operated by the Salts- burg Coke company. Their product is large but never in excess of orders. The Saltsburg Glass company was organized about a year ago, taking the then-idle plant down along the river and completely overhaul- ing it. New buildings were put up, a ten-pot furnace substituted for the small one previously used, and elevator, box factory and other auxil- iaries and conveniences provided. The output of the works is about one hundred gross of bot- tles per day. The prescription trade is the principal line, but a number of specialties, such as catsup and sauce bottles for Allegheny firms, are turned out in large quantities. Any one having the pleasure of going through the works will be very much surprised at their extent and completeness. The furnace room, the centre of interest, is sixty feet square. The mold room adjoining is twenty by thirty feet and is well stocked. The packing room is eighty feet long by forty feet wide, having re- cently been doubled in size, and is a model of convenience. The factory employs eighty men and boys. Of these twenty-one are expert glass- blowers. The other employes are generally from Saltsburg, and many are boys. The planing mill of Davis Bros. & Co. is one of the busiest institutions of the town. They make fine stair work a specialty, and their orders in that line extend far and wide. They are young and energetic business men, and no obstacle can deter their progress. The Saltsburg flouring mill of Patterson & Hershey looms up four stories high on tlie river front, and is indeed a credit to the town. It is equipped with the full roller process and is pro- pelled by an eighty horse-power boiler and engine. The capacity of the mill is one hun- dred and fifty barrels per day. Ever since Saltsburg has been known as a town, almost, the carriages and buggies built by Hail Clark have been equally famous. The carriage works of Mr. Clark are situated at the corner of Point and High streets. They are immense buildings, one being three stories high and 32x60 feet in dimensions, the other two stories high, thirty-two feet wide and ninety feet long. The blacksmith shop is separate in a building 25x40 feet. The capacity of the shops is about two hundred buggies per year. Mr. Clark's business pertains only to the highest class of work. His trade is large in Johnstown, Pittsburgh and other outside places. In 1890 he finished a grand buggy for a patron in Cali- fornia. He frequently sends buggies to Kansas. Another carriage works is along the West Penn railway, not far below the passenger depot. High up on the blufi" overlooking Saltsburg and the river stands a school for boys. The building it occupies was formerly a summer hotel. The approach to the grounds is exceed- ingly picturesque. The bluff is almost perpen- dicular, one hundred and fifty feet above the level of the river. A few hundred feet to I the right is the junction of the Loyalhanna, ! forming the beautiful Kiskiminetas. The grounds themselves are a native forest of state- ly trees. In the midst of the grove, a hundred feet back from the brow of the cliff, stand the two main buildings of the school. The first one is the old hotel structure, and the second the new brick building erected one year ago, con- taining the chapel, a fine gymnasium, class- rooms and sleeping-rooms for twenty boys. The rooms in both buildings — for eighty boys — \ are furnished in the best of style for comfort and convenience. The light and heat are sup- plied from a plant on the grounds, running about two hundred electric lights and provid- ing steam heat and pumping the water for the Iniildings from a well, drilled two hundred and twenty feet deep, to a tank of distribution. The faculty is of high order. The principals are Prof A. W. Wilson and Prof E. W. Fair. Mr. Wilson is the son of Mr. A. W. Wilson, of Indiana, and a brother of Prof. Robert D. Wil- INDIANA AND ARMSTRONG COUNTIES. 221 son, of the Western Theological seminary, and of Eev. S. G. Wilson, missionary to Persia. About three and oue-half miles out the West Penu railroad, in Bell township, Westmoreland county, the new town of Avonmore has been laid out. There was at first a diversity of opinion in Saltsburg as to what would be the effeet of the new town on the old one, but the prevailing opinion now is that the boom will revert to and benefit Saltsburg as Jeannette did Greens- burg. Capt. Albert Hicks, who will be re- membered as one of the old-time conductors on the West Penn railroad, now largely interested in Leechburg's(Pa.) coal and iron interests, is one of the principal owners of the Avonmore Coal and Coke company, in Indiana county, just op- posite the site of the new town. The population of Saltsburg at each census since 1840 has been : 1840, 335; 1850, 623; 1860, 592; 1870, 659; 1880, 855; 1890,! 1114. BIOGRAPHICAL. WILLIAM B. ANSLEY, M.D., president of the Indiana County Medical society, and a very successful physician of Saltsburg, is a son of James and Sarah (Spencer) Ansley, and was born in South Mahoning township, Indiana county, Pennsylvania, August 2, 1847. During the Revolutionary war his great-grand- father, John Ansley, served as a soldier in the American, while his brother commanded a com- pany in the British army. John Ansley was a farmer and came from New Jersey to West- moreland county, where his son, Daniel Ansley (grandfather), was born in 1798, and followed farming until 1837, when he came to this county. He died in 1858, aged sixty years. His son, James Ansley (father), was born in 1825, and is an extensive and prosperous far- mer and stock-raiser of Rayne township. He is a deacon of the Baptist church, a republican in politics and has served as auditor of Indiana county, and justice of the peace in Rayne town- ship. He married Sarah Spencer, who was born near Johnstown, in Cambria county, and is a member of the Baptist church. William B. Ansley was reared on a farm. He received his literary education in Dayton acad- emy. Leaving college, he taught several terms in the common schools. Having determined upon medicine as a life vocation, he entered the office of Dr. C. McEwen, of Plumville; after reading six months with him he entered the office of Dr. R. S. Sutton, of Pittsburgh, as a medical student. After completing the required course of reading he entered Jefferson Medical college, of Philadelphia, attended three cour.'es of lectures and was graduated from that famous institution in the class of 1867. Immediately after graduating he opened an office at Apollo, where he practiced for ten years with good suc- cess. In 1877 he came to Saltsburg,. where he has been in active, continuous and successful practice ever since. In politics Dr. Ansley is an unswerving re- publican. He has served, since 1882, as a member of the school board, of which he has been president during the last two years. In religious sentiment he faithfully adheres to the Baptist church and is a member and deacon of the Saltsburg church, of that denomination, in which he also serves as superintendent of the Sunday-school. He is a past ma.ster in the Masonic fraternity, a past grand in the I. O. O. F. and has served in various official positions in several other secret societies of which he is a member. Dr. Ansley is president of the Indiana County Medical .society and a member of the Pennsylvania State Medical society, in which he is serving as a member of the com- mittee on medical legislation. He often con- tributes articles to the medical journals and some of the.se contributions have been highly sjjoken of by many well-qualified physicians. 222 BIOGRAPHIES OF His professional talent and valuable experience, as well as his kind and gentle manners and tender solicitude for the well-being of his patients, have caused him to be recognized as one of the most successful medical practitioners in the county. THOMAS CARSON, M.D. During the last decades of the present wonderful century of progress, medicine has been as rapidly pro- gressive as any other profession and justly stands high in the estimation of the world. Indiana county has always been favored with many skillful and eminent physicians. One of her progressive jjhysicians of to-day is Dr. Thomas Carson, of Saltsburg, a medical practi- tioner of twenty-five years' successful exper- ience. He was born in Allegheny county, Pennsylvania, June 23, 1842, and is a son of John and Hannah (Henderson) Carson. His paternal grandfather, James Carson, came, in 1820, from Ireland to Allegheny county, this State, where he purchased a large farm. He was a successful farmer, a zealous member of the Methodist church and an enthusiastic demo- crat whose democracy was so strong as to cause him to disinherit his eldest son because he was a republican. He lived to be eighty years of age and his widow reached her hundredth birth- day. John Carson (father) was born in Ireland and came to Pittsburgh in 1818, but soon re- moved to Armstrong county, where he owns a splendid and well-stocked farm of two hundred and four acres on the Indiana and Kittanninw pike. He is a Jacksonian democrat, takes great interest in local political affairs and has served his township as justice of the peace and school director. He is an ardent presbyterian and a successful business man. He married Hannah , Henderson, eldest daughter of William Hen- j derson, a member of the Covenanter church, who came, in 1820, from Ireland to Allegheny county, where he was a successful farmer and ' became a strong republican. Mr. and Mrs. Carson celebrated their golden wedding in June, 1890. They have been the parents of seven children: Dr. Thomas, William Dr. John A., of Leechburg, (deceased); James, of Indiana; Margaret, Catherine and J. Wilson, druggist at Indiana. Thomas Carson was reared in Armstrong county and received his education in the com- mon schools and Elder's Ridge academy, where, in addition to the full academic course, he took special courses of study in the Greek, Latin and German languages. He read medicine with Dr. James K. Parke, of Cochran's Mills, Arm- strong county, and in 186.3 entered Jefferson Medical college, from which he was graduated in the class of 1865. On April .3, 186-5, he located at Elderton, Armstrong county, and practiced his profession there until July 4, 1874. In October, 1874, he came to Saltsburg, where he has practiced successfully ever since. In the State of Illinois, on February 2, 1866, he was married to Jennie Salina Floyd Wilson Jack, daughter of Samuel and Nancy (Porter) Jack, who were natives of Westmore- land county, this State. To Dr. and Mrs. Carson have been born five children : Dr. John B., born in 1867 and now a practicing physi- cian of Blairsville ; Samuel J., born in October 1869; Dollie, who died young; Nancy H., born July 2, 1875; and an infant son which died in 1880. Mrs. Carson is a pleasant, in- telligent woman, a member of the Presbyterian church and devoted to her home and family. Dr. Thomas Carson has been a member of the Masonic fraternity for twenty-six years and of the Independent Order of Odd Fellows for nineteen years. He is also a member of the Ancient Order of United Workmen, Royal Arcanum, Knights of Honor, Knights & Ladies of Honor and the Knights of the Golden Eagle. He is medical examiner at Saltsburg for all these different orders. He is a prominent democrat and while a member of nO INDIANA COUNTY. 223 church, yet contributes freely to the churches of every religious denoniiuation. He 0])poses the foreign missions of the churches, but gives liberally to their home missions. Dr. Carson has a fine residence on Point street, enjoys a large practice and has treated a great many poor patients free of charge. He is very fond of hunting and every full takes a trip to the moun- tains for deer atid wild turkey. He is genial, generous and honorable, and has become de- servedly popular as a physician aud a citizen. HAIL CLARK, a leading carriage manufac- turer of Saltsburg and a Union soldier of the late war, is one of the most energetic and successful business men of the county. He was born at Marietta, Lancaster count}', Pennsyl- '. vania, March 17, 1829, and is a sou of Alex- ander and Catherine (Leader) Clark. The Clarks were one of the old families of county Antrim, Ireland, where they were en- | gaged for many years in the manufacture of linens. Henry Clark (grandfather), a mem- ber of this family, came to Lancaster county in 1783, where he followed coopering, and where he died at the close of a useful life. His son, Alexander Clark (father), was born on board the ship which brought his parents to , this country. He learned the trade of cooper aud was engaged in the coopering business for a number of years at Marietta. He wa.s a ] member of the Lutheran church, an honest, reliable man and died in 1835, aged fifty-two years. He married Catherine Leader, of Lan- caster county, who was a member of the M. E. church and passed away in 1841, when in the fifty-eighth year of her age. Hail Clark was reared at Marietta until he was twelve years of ago, when he went on the Pennsylvania canal as a mule driver, but af^er six months' experience in that Hue of work he went to Greensburg, Pa., and learned the trade of carriage and harness-making. He served an apprenticeship of six years before (1842) com- mencing to work ibr himself In 1849 he came to Saltsburg, where, after working for a short time in a carriage factory, he purchased it of the proprietor, and since that time has followed carriage matiufiacturing at Saltsburg except what time he served as a soldier during the late war. From 1858 to 1861 he was captain of the Black Hornets, a militia company. In 1861 he raifsed a company for the war, but the State did not accept their services. In 1862 he raised aud commanded one of the emergency companies which served on the southern border of Pennsylvania. In 1851 he married Cordelia F. Gorgas, of Greensburg, Pa. They have two children: Murry J. and Ferdinand G., who are both engaged in business with the father. In politics Mr. Clark is a strong democrat and has held every elective office of his borough from member of the town council to burgess. He ran, in 1878, as the greenback candidate for sheriff, and, after a canvass of three days, was only defeated by two hundred majority. He has been a trustee for a quarter of a century of the M. E. church and is a member of Williamson Lodge, No. 431, F. and A. M., and Kiskimine- tas Lodge, No. 1 6 1 , K, of H. His two sons are as- sociated with him in the carriage manufacturing business. Their main factory is 32x60 feet in dimensions and is a three-story building. They employ a regular force of twelve men, make a specialty of buggies and have a large trade. They send a large amount of work to different parts of the country and have filled orders as far west as California. Mr. Clark has been remarkably successful in the sale of his work and enjoys an excellent reputation as a skilled mechanic. AJOR SAMUEL COOPER was a son of -^'■i- James and Rachel (Powers) Cooper. He "was born in Shippensburg, Cumberland county, Pennsylvania, on the second of May, 1788. 224 BIOGRAPHIES OF The family name is Cowper, but since about 1750 has been written Cooper. The great- grandfather of our subject was Samuel Cooper, who was for many years the commander of In- niskillen Dragoons, in Ireland. His son, Sam- uel, the grandfather of Major Cooper, was a captain in the Inniskillen Dragoons, and mi- grated to Carlisle, Pennsylvania, in 1761. He was in Gen. Lee's 'cavalry legion' in the Rev- olutionary war, and for several years was sword, drill and riding-master of Geu. Lee's noted command. His son James, the father of our subject, was born in Inniskillen, Ireland. He was an orderly sergeant in a company in the Revolutionary war, which Captain John Wil- kins (after whom Wilkinsburg, Allegheny county, Pennsylvania, was named) commanded. ''When Samuel was only an infant his parents removed to Chambersburg, where they remained until 1804. In that year they re- moved to Pittsburgh. In 1833 his father, ac- companied by his daughter Margaret, went to Dayton, Ohio, where he died about 1836, at eighty years of age. Samuel entered the army on the 10th of September, 1812, as captain of the 'State Pittsburgh Blues,' and with his com- pany was mustered into the United States ser- vice at Meadville, Crawford county, about ten days later." His company was sent to Black Rock, N. Y., where he and his men volunteered to cross into Canada and attack the English, but their ser- vices were not required, and he was breveted major for meritorious service. Returning home, he was variously engaged for some years, during which period he was a partner of Gen. Grant's father-in-law for fifteen months in the mercan- tile business. He read law with John B. Alex- ander, was admitted to the bar and, after a varied business life of half a century, returned to the practice of law. "In 1867 he removed to Saltsburg, was elected a justice of the peace, and continued as such until ninety years of age. He was married in 1817 to Elizabeth Weigley, daughter of Joseph Weigley, attorney-at-law at Greensburg. The latter was a Quaker and of German descent. Mrs. Cooper died in 1875, at about seventy-five years of age." GEORGE B. DAVIS. Too much cannot be said of the representative business men of a place, as the prosperity of any city or town depends largely upon their efforts and enter- prises. One of this class at Saltsburg is George B. Davis, of the lumljer firm of Davis & Co. He was born in Washington county, Pennsyl- vania, June 10, 1856, and is a son of George and Martha (Crawford) Davis. His paternal grandfather, Joshua Davis, was a native of Ire- land, and came to Washington county, where he purchased a farm and resided until his death. His son, George Davis (father), was born in 1814, and during the early part of his life run on a boat plying between Pittsburgh and Cincinnati, on the Ohio river. Leaving the river, he purchased a farm and followed farming until his death, December 14, 1870, when in the fifty-sixth year of his age. He was a republican and a member of the United Presbyterian church. He married Martha Crawford, a native of Kentucky, who was a member of the United Presbyterian church, and died April 8, 1852, aged fifty-four years. George B. Davis was reared on tlie home farm and received his education in the public schools and Washington college. At sixteen years of age he apprenticed himself to learn the trade of carpenter, and after serving an apprenticeship of three years engaged in con- tracting, which business he followed until 1885. In the spring of that year he opened a lumber- yard at Hills station, which he operated for one year and then came to Saltsburg, where he engaged in his present planing-mill and lumber business. In 1878 he united in marriage with Anna INDIANA COUNTY. 225 M. Wright, daughter of Edward Wright, of Washington county, Pa. To their union have been born three children, two sons and one daughter: Walter L., Mary M. and Edward W. In political matters Mr. Davis is an ardent temperance man and a prominent supporter of the Prohibition party. He is a member of the Saltsburg United Presbyterian church, of whose Sunday-school he has been superintendent for some time. Mr. Davis is a member of Davis, Bros. & Co., which was organized in the spring of 1887. Their mill and shops are favorably situated for business purposes, and manufacture and deal in lumber, doors, sash and moldings. They make a specialty of stair work and other difficult lines in their branch of business. George B. Davis has shown remarkable busi- ness ability in the management of his large lumbering establishment, which is justly de- serving of particular mention in a record of the leadinc; industries of Saltsburg-. HARRY R. McCAULEY, a prosperous, progressive and energetic young business man, now actively and successfully engaged in the general mercantile business at Saltsburg, was born in Bell township, Westmoreland county, Pennsylvania, April 13, 1860, and is a son of John G. and Mary J. (Alcorn) Mc- Cauley. John McCauley (paternal grandfather) is a native of Ireland, came to the United States where he located in Westmoreland county, where he now resides in a comfortable home. He has been a farmer and is now very active for a man nearly four-score and ten. He was born in 1803, and is a member of the Presbyterian church. John G. McCauley (fa- ther) was a native of Bell township, Westmore- land county, and an extensive farmer and stock dealer, in connection with which he was en- gaged in the general mercantile business for some years. He was very successful in busi- ness, firm in his convictions and very energetic. In political opinion he was a republican, and in religious faith a presbyterian, being a mem- ber of the church of that denomination at Salts- burg. He died in 1882, in the fifty-second year of his age. In 18 — he married Mary J. Alcorn, who was born in 1840, in Westmore- land county, where she now resides on the old home place. She is a member of the Presby- terian church. Harry R. McCauley was roared on the farm and received his education in the j)ub]ic schools of his native township. He continued on the farm and assisted his father in thestore until 1888, when he came to Saltsburg and engaged in his present general mercantile business. He has a well-selected stock of everything needed in that line of business, and has succeeded in building up a flourishing trade. His establishment is one of the largest and foremost mercantile houses of Saltsburg, and fully sustains its well- deserved reputation for first-class goods, reason- able prices and honorable dealing. In 1889 Mr. McCauley married Delia, daughter of Joseph M. Johnston, of Loyalhanna township, Westmoreland county. Their union has been blest with one child, a son. In political opinion Mr. McCauley is a re- publican. He is a member of Saltsburg Lodge, No. 646, I. O. O. F. He has achieved success in his chosen line of business, and is recognized as one of the leading merchants of Saltsburg. REV. SAMUEL W. MILLER, D. D. wag born on May 3d 1835, in Washington county, Pennsylvania. He is the third of nine sons, born to Samuel and Mary A. (Calkins) Miller. His ancestry was German, and the founder of the family in this country, was Wil- liam Miller, a German Lutheran of education, who came to America between 1730 and 1740, to avoid Roman Catholic persecution. He set- tled in Philadelphia, and was a teacher of lan- guages. 226 BIOGRAPHIES OF His paternal grandfather was born in Ches- ter county, Pa., and his father in Berkeley county, Va., and in 1803, in the third year of his father's age, the family joined the army of Western pioneers and settled in Washington county, Pa., where his grandfather died at a great age, and in communion with the First Presbyterian church of Washington, Pa. His mother was the youngest daughter of Vincent Calkins, a presbyterian Irishman, who was also a pioneer in the same county. He obtained a good common school education in Allegheny county, Pa., whither his parents had I moved in his early childhood. His academic training was received at Hickory, Washington county. Pa., the place of his birth, and at Wil- kinsburg, Allegheny county. He entered the freshman class in Jefferson college in 1856, j and graduated in 1860, with the highest hon- ors of liis college literary society. In the fall of 1860, he took charge of an \ academy at Huntersville, the county seat of Pocahontas county, Va., which he conducted with great success and satisfaction to his pa- trons, until Virginia passed the Act of Seces- sion, in the spring of 1861, when only by the good will and aid of a few influential friends, he was enabled to avoid conscription, and amidst i constant difficulty and peril, escaped over the Cheat mouutain.s, to the loyal soil of his native State. j By the sudden death of his father, and the consequent care of a large farm, he was detained at home ; but during the same time he entered and prosecuted his studies in the Western Theo- logical seminary at Allegheny, Pa., where he graduated in 1864. He was licensed to preach , by the Presbytery of Ohio, in the First Pres- byterian church Pittsburgh, Pa., in October, 1863. Ever since, without the interval of a single Sabbath he has sustained the relation of pastor, to the following churches, in succession ; viz : Cedar Rapids, Iowa, 1865-68 ; Wooster, Ohio, 1868-74; Mansfield, Ohio, 1874-80; Salts- burg, Pa., 1880 until the present time. In 1880, from the University of Wooster, he re- ceived the degree of doctor of divinity. Of his present charge the late Rev. Dr. S. J. Wilson, professor in the Western Theological Seminary at Allegheny, Pa. justly remarked, " It is tlie most important country or village charge in western Pa." This church has a membership of nearly 500, and stands in the centre of the thriving town of Saltsburg, which is situated where the waters of the Conemaugh and Loyalhanna meet, and form the beautiful Kiskiminetas. The people of the town and vicinity are of the most substantial character, the great majority of them descendants of the early pioneers. They have always been deeply interested in educational enterprises." For many years the church has owned and sustained an academy from which a large num- ber have gone forth, who have attained to posi- tions of eminence and usefulness. Saltsburg is also the seat of the exceptionally jirosperous " Kiskiminetas Springs school for Boys," aa institution eminently worthy of its wide repu- tation and overflowing patronage. Dr. Miller takes great pleasure in the feeling, that he had a little hand in securing the location of this school under the very shadow of his own church. On September 5th 1865, he married Salina Ledley Crawford, daughter of Robert Craw- ford, E.sq., of Steubenville, Ohio. He and his good wife with their two sons, Robert Craw- ford, and Samuel Wilson, thoroughly enjoy life at their beautiful place on High street which overlooks the valley. Few pastors of any denomination are more favored in the way of a home than he of the Saltsburg Presbyter- ian church. His biographical motto and caution is, — "Praise me not too much, Nor blame me, for thou speakest to the Greeks, Who know me." INDIANA COUNTY. 227 JAMES C. MOORE, the present popular burgess of Saltsburg, deservedly ranks as one of the most energetic and thorough-going business men of the county. He is a son of William and Jane (Robinson) Moore, and was born at Saltsburg, Indiana county, Pennsylva- nia, December 19, 1848. The Moore family is of ycotch-Irish descent. William Moore was born in 1810, in Butler county, and after arriv- ing at manliood came to Saltsburg, where he engaged in the tinning business, which ho has followed ever since. He has widened his field of business from time to time, and is now the principal partner in one of the largest and most successful business houses of Saltsburg. He is a member and elder of the Presbyterian church, a prohibitionist in politics and a deserving and prosperous business man who enjoys the good- will and respect of all who know him. He married Jane Robinson, of Indiana county, who was a presbyterian in faith and died in 1884, aged seventy-two years. To their union were born one son and three daughters: Jas. C, Sarah E., Kate J. and R. Mary Moore. James C. Moore was reared at Saltsburg, where he received his education in tlie public schools and academy of that place. Leaving sciiool in 1871, he went to Baltimore, where he became a time clerk in the office of the North- ern Central R. R., and served as sucii until 1875, when he was compelled to resign on account of impaired health. Returning home, he was shortly afterward admitted into partner- ship with his father in the stove and tin busi- ness, to which they soon added a large stock of iiardware. The firm-name was William Moore & Son and continued as such until January, 1886, when they admitted Ira C. Ewing into partnership with them and have done bnsine.ss since then under the firm-name of William Moore, Son & Co. They are wholesale and re- tail dealers in their various lines of business. Their extensive establishment extends from No. 44| to No. 46 on Salt Street. They carry a 14 large and complete stock of hardware, paints, oils and glass and have a full and varied assort- ment of tin, copper and sheet-ii'on ware. Another department is devoted to every style anil variety of stoves, grates and house fui'iiish- ing goods which are first-class in every respect. They make a specialty of tin, iron, slate and felt roofing and have a remunerative trade that extends beyond Saltsburg and the limits of the county. In 1875, Mr. Moore married Maggie G. Logan, who was a daughter of Margaret I. Logan, of Parker City, Pa., and who died in 1886, leaving three children: Alice, Logan and Mary. On May 2d, 1888, Mr. Moore united in marriage with Jennie E. Ewing, daughter of Matthew Ewing, of Jack.sonville. To this second union has been born one child, a daugh- ter: Helen. James C. Moore is a member and treasurer of the Saltsburg Presbyterian church, of whose Sunday-school he is superintendent. He is re- corder of Loyal Lodge, No. 165, K. of H., treasurer of Diaii'ond Council, No. 248, Jr. O U. A. M., and .secretary of Kiskiminetas Castle, No. 28, K. of G. E. He is a member of the board of trustees of Saltsburg cemetery and of the board of managers of the Memorial institute. He is a pronounced republican in politics, yet stands so high as a business man and is so popular that his borough, which is .strongly democratic, has twice elected him as burgess, which office he now holds. He has also served as school director and filled various other borough offices. Mr. Moore has been emphatically the architect of his fortune and in his lines of business stands second to none in the county. Courteous, kind and accommodat- ing, yet he is firm in his convictions of right and cannot be swerved from what is jn.st and honest. Genial and popular, he enjoys an lionor accorded to but few men in being elected to a responsible position by the votes of his fellow- citizens of a politicid faith adverse to his own. 228 BIOOBAPHIES OF MARTIN V. PATTERSON, junior mem- | ber of the Saltsburg Flouring-mill com- pany and a man of wide and successful exper- ience in the oil fields and lumbering business of western Pennsylvania, was born in Franklin township, Westmoreland county, Pennsylvania) December 12, 1839, and is a son of Martin and Anna (Kidd) Patterson. Martin Patterson was a native of county Down, Ireland, and settled in Westmoreland county, where he died in 1865, aged sixty-nine years. He was engaged extensively in farming, was a member of the Presbyterian church, and in political matters, after he came to the United States, was identi- fied with the Democratic party until his death. Ere he sailed for America he married Anna Kidd, of his native county, who was a presby- terian in religious faith and who died in 1874, aged seventy-seven years. They were a highly respected couple in the community in which they resided and by all who knew them. They reared a family of five sons and five daughters. Martin V. Pattei-sou was reared on the farm and attended the public schools of his native townshij). In 1861 he commenced life for himself as an oil-well driller, but soon became a contractor, and as such was actively engaged, until 1870, in the different oil fields of western Pennsylvania, eastern Ohio, and northern West Virginia. In the last named year he embarked in western Pennsylvania in the lumber busi- ness, which he continued in up to 1881, when he came to Saltsburg, where he engaged in the flouring-mill busines.s, which he has followed with good success until the present time. In 1885 he formed a business partnership with John Hershey, and they purchased the Saltsburg Flouring-mill which they have operated suc- cessfully until the jjresent time. They have a large trade and manufacture high and fancy grades of roller flour which they export to some extent beyond supplying the home demand for the same. Mr. Patterson is a member of Saltsburg Presbyterian church, Williamson Lodge, No. 431. Free & Accepted Masons; Local Branch, No. 141, Order of the Iron Hall; Kiskiminetas Castle, No. 223, Knights of the Golden Eagle; Salt.sburg Commandery, No. 22, K. G. E.; Saltsburg Council, No. 381, Royal Arcanum ; Loyal Lodge, No. 165, Knights of Honor; and Diamond Council, No. 248, Jr. Order of United American Mechanics. In politics he is a democrat, has served one term as burgess and was a member of the school board for six years, besides serving, for some time, in tlie (own council. Martin V. Patterson is a man of good judgment and busi- ness ability, as is attested by the marked success that has attended his different enterprises. He is thorough-going in business, but pleasant and agreeable in manner, and is one of Saltsburg's substantial and progressive citizens. June 15, 1876, he united in marriage with Annie L. Watt, daughter of Hon. Isaac Watt, of Homer City, who served one term as as.so- ciate judge of the courts of Indiana county. To Mr. and Mrs. Patterson have been born two children: Harry C. and Grace R. ROBERT A. PAUL, the present postmaster of Saltsburg, has been successfully and honor- ably engaged, for nearly forty years, in different business enterprises. He was born in what is now Bell township, Westmoreland county, Pennsyl- vania, June 6, 1829, and is a .son of John and Sarah (Thompson) Paul. The Paul family is of Scotch-Irish extraction, and its American progenitor came in an early day to eastern Pennsylvania. Robert A. Paul's paternal grandfather was Squire Samuel Paul, who came from east of the Allegheuies to what is now Bell township, Westmoreland county, where he served for many years as a justice of the peace and where he died in 1840, at sixty- five years of age. John Paul (father) was born in 1802, and is quite an active man for his advanced age of eighty-eight years. He has INDIANA COUNTY. 229 always followed farming in his native township, is a member of the Presbyterian church, in which he has always taken an active part, and in political affairs yields his siijiport to the Re- publican party. He married Sarah Tiiompson, a daughter of Samuel Tiiompson, a farmer of Washington township, who died in 1836, aged about sixty-five years. Mrs. Paul was an esti- maljle woman, a zealous presbyterian and passed away January 27, 1890, when in the eighty- sixth year of her age. IMr. and Mre. Paul celebrated their golden wedding in 1874 and continued the celebration of their marriage an- niversaiy for fifteen succeeding years. Robert A. Paul was reared on the farm. After attending the schools of his neighborhood he learned the trade of mill-wright, which he followed for thirteen years. He was then en- gaged in the general mercantile business at var- ious places until 1869, when he came to Salts- burg, where he accepted the superiutendency of the Kier Bros.' Fire-brick works, which posi- tion he held for ten years. He then resigned (1879) to engage in his present fire insurance and agricultural implement business. He is an active republican in politics, was appointed by President Harrison, on April 3d, 1889, as post- master of Saltsburg, and has discharged the duties of his office in a very creditable manner ever since. October 1, 1850, Mr. Paul married Mary A. Cochran, daughter of Hon. Michael Cochran, who was a prominent man in his day, and who served, with great credit, as associate judge of Armstrong county for several years. Mr. and Mrs. Paul have one child living: John L., who is engaged in the fire insurance business with his father. In 1863 Mr. Paul enlisted in company I, 54th regiment Pennsylvania Militia, which helped largely to capture Gen. John Morgan in Ohio. Afler an active service of ninety days Mr. Paul was honorably discharged and re- turned home. Robert A. Paul is a member and trustee of the Presbyterian churcii. His busi- ness interests are chiefly at Saltsburg, where he has always been active and successful in the different commercial euterpri.ses in which he has been engaged. He is a man of his word and has wrought out for himself a position in life wliich commands respect. WC. RALSTON, D.D.S., of Saltsburg, In- • diana county, Pa., was born May 30, 1848, in Derry township (near Blairsville), Westmore- land county, Pennsylvania ; is a son of John Ralston. His grandfather, William Ralston, came with his parents from Ireland when five years of age and settled in Salem township, Westmoreland county, was reared in the bounds of Congruity, became a member of that church in his youth, and in manhood served as riding elder. He died in 1852, aged si.xty-seven years. His son, John Ralston (father of Dr. W. C. Ralston), was born in 1809, in Salem township, Westmoreland county, Pa., where he spent the greater part of his life. In 1838 he married Elizabeth Mason, daughter of Thos. Mason (ex-connty surveyor of Westmoreland county). He purch.ased the old homestead (his father's farm), where he remained for thirty-two years, and in the spring of 1884 removed to Saltsburg, where he died November 9th of the same year. He was a successful farmer and a man who took a great interest in the cause of education and temperance, and was rewarded by seeing all his children prepared to fill places of usefulness in life. He was a Presbyterian in religions faith and a republican in politics. His wife, Elizabeth Ralston, was born July 2d, 1815, and died July 10th, 1887; their remains lie side by side in Edgewood cemetery, Salts- burg, Pa. W. C. Ralston was reared on his father's farm near Congruity and received his education in the public schools and Elder's Ridge and Ijogan academies, and also is a graduate of 230 BI00RAPHIE8 OF Duff's college, Pittsburgh, Pa. In 1879 he entered the dental oflSce of Dr. Waugamau, Greensburg, Pa., and pursued the study of dentistry for two years ; he afterwards attended the Baltimore dental college, from which he graduated March 4th, 1882, as one of a class of sixty-seven members. He then located at Saltsburg, where he has remained ever since in the successful practice of his profession. On September 11th, 1884, he united in mar- riage with Annie M. Deery, only child of Archie Deery, of Saltsburg, Pa., who was a man of irreproachable character and high stand-* ing in Saltsburg, where he had been president of the First National bank for many years and until his death, September 16th, 1890. On December 21st, three months later, his wife joined him in the eternal world. To Dr. and Mrs. Ralston have been born two children: Sarah E. and Anna M. Dr. Ralston is a republican and is a member of the Saltsburg Presbyterian church. He owns some desirable real estate, ar)d, besides being an e.xcellent workman in his profession, is a man of business ability who stands well with the public. ROBERT STEWART, a retired business man of Philadelphia, now resident of Saltsburg, and a very highly respected citizen of Indiana county, is a son of William and Catherine (Potter) Stewart, and was born in Paisley, Scotland, September .1, 1833. Wil- liam Stewart was a native of county Tyrone, Ireland. In 1830 he moved to Scotland, where he remained until 1841, when ho came to the United States, and located in Philadelpliia. In 1857 he engaged in the carpet manufacturing business for himself, at which he continued very successfully until within a few years of his death, when he retired froui the business cares and toils of life on account of ill health. He died in 1877, aged seventy-nine years. He was very successful in business and carried on an extensive establishment. He and all of his family were members of the Covenanter church. He was a whig and afterwards a republican in politics. In 1827 he married Catharine Potter, a native of county Tyrone, Ireland, and by whom he had seven children, five sons and two daughters. Mrs. Stewart died in 1881, iu the eighty-second year of her age. Robert Stewart came to the United States with his father iu 1841. He was reared in Philadelphia and received his education in the public schools of that city. In 1857 he and his brother Arthur formed a partnership with their father in the carpet manufacturing busi- nes.s under the firm-name of William Stewart & Sons, and their house soon attained a posi- tion of influence in business whicii it success- fully held for over a quarter of a century, and until the dissolution of the partnership between the brothers, in 1885, when Mr. Stewart with- drew from the firm. This firm, during its con- tinuance, manufactured a splendid assortment of carpets of every kind and grade from the finest ingrain Venetian carpets, rugs and cur- tains, down to the plain and useful varieties. In April, 1889, Mr. Stewart came to Saltsburg, where he owns some valuable property. He also owns a farm of three hundred and sixteen acres of land in Ijoyalhanna township, AVest- moreland county, which he benight in 1880, and where he expects to make his permanent home some time in the future. This farm is under- laid with valuable minerals and ranks as one of the finest farms of that township. Iu 1866 Mr. Stewart married IVIary, daughter of John Stewart, of Philadelphia, and their union has been blest with three children, one son and two daughters: Elizabeth, William and Catherine. Robert Stewart is a republican politically, and wa-s a .school director at one time in Phila- delphia. He was very successful as a business man of Philadelphia, and is recognized as one of Saltsburg's most enterprising citizens. INDIANA COUNTY. 231 TAINIES r. WATSON, a leading director of ^ the Saltsburg Glass «mipany, is one of the foremost business men and most enterprising citizens of Indiana county. He is a son of Thomas and Rebecca P. (Wilspn) Watson, and \\as born in Young township, Indiana county, Pennsylvania, November 1!), 1857. His pa- ternal grandfather, Matthew Watson, was born in county Tyrone, Ireland, in 17G3, and set- tled, in ITll.'J, in the northern part of Westmore- land county. In 1800 he removed to Cone- niaugli township, this county, where he lived to be nearly ninety-three years of age. He was a man of unsullied character, and " Watson's Ridge" was named in honor of him. His first wife died soon after his arrival in this country, and he afterwards married Margaret McClel- land, of Scotch-Irish descent, and a daughter of James McClelland, who came, in 1783, from Scotland to Conemangh township. Mr. and Mrs. Watson were the parents of twelve chil- dren : John, Thomas, Matthew, Jr., Mary, William, Alexander, Robert, James, Jane, Isa- bella, Ann and Margaret. (For a fuller sketch of Matthew Watson, see sketch of M. C. Wat- ; son, of Indiana.) The second son, Thomas Watson (father), was born in 1800, on the site of Harrison City, Westmoreland county. He was a carpenter and boat-builder by trade, worked on the old Pennsylvania canal for many years, and owned a fine farm of three hundred and twenty-five acres of land in Young township. In 1872 he came to Salts- burg, where he died in June, 1887, when in the eighty-eighth year of his age. He was a republican and a strict presbyterian, and mar- ried Rebecca P. Wilson, of Allegheny county, [ who was born in 1815, and is a member of the United Presbyterian church of Saltsburg, where she now resides with the subject of this sketch. Mr. and M-rs. Watson were the parents of five sons and three daughters. i James P. Watson was reared in Young town- ship, and received his education in the common schools and Elder's Ridge academy. Leaving School, he followed farming until 1888, when he came to Saltsburg, where, in November, 1889, he became a member of the present Salts- burg Glass company. This company j)urchased the plant of tiic old Saltsburg Glass company, and with the characteristic energy for which they are noted, immediately remodeled, enlarged and improved the works. They now manufiic- ture fine prescription ware and bottles of all kinds. They give constant employment to seventy-five men and boys, and have added largely to the business prosperity of Saltsburg. When the project of starting the old glass-works was discussed, Mr. Watson was the first to enter heartily into the matter, and wa.s largely instru- mental in forming the present company and pushing forward the enterprise until it was an assured success. In pijlitics Mr. Watson is a republican. In religious faith he is a United Presbyterian and a member of that church at Saltsburg. He owns a farm of one hundred and sixty acres of land in Young township, besides his business investments in Saltsburg. In financial as well as business mattere he has been prominent for some years, and is now serving as a director of the First National Bank of Saltsburg. James P. Watson has contributed as largely as any other citizen of his native borough to its pres- ent prosperity. He is a respected citizen, a popular business man, who has been faithful to every trust reposed in him, and ranks high wherever he is known as a man of well-known integrity. ROBERT H. WILSON, of Saltsburg, is one of the most scientific, practical and suc- cessful civil engineers of this State, and during his professional career had charge of some very important engineering operations connected with municipal and industrial development of the county. He was born in South Bend township, 232 BIOGRAPHIES OF INDIANA COUNTY. Armstrong county, Pennsylvania, July 9, 1851, and is a son of James D. and Nancy (Wray) Wilson. His paternal great-grandparents, Wil- son, born respectively in Franklin anil Adams i counties, were among the earlier settlers of Washington and Allegheny counties, as were also his father's maternal grandparents, Hender- son, who were natives of Lancaster and Chester counties. His j)aternal grandfather, Hugh M- Wilson, married Mary Henderson, a grand- daughter of the Rev. Matthew Henderson, one of the pioneers of Washington county, Penn- sylvania, and a participant in the original move- ment which culminated in the establishment of i Jefferson college. One of the sons of Hugh M. Wilson was ! James D. Wilson, the fiither of the subject of this sketch. James D. Wilson was born in ! v\llc'gheny county, November 5, 1818. On INfarch 24, 1847, he married Nancy Wray, who ' is a daughter of Robert and Abigail Wray, and was born in Armstrong county, August 11, 1825. In April, 1847, Mr. Wilson moved to his present farm of one huudred and eighty acres near Oliv^et village, in South Bend town- ship, Armstrong county, which was purchased by his father in 1838 and then contained only one hundred and twenty acres. Mr. Wilson has given his time chiefly to farming except four years during which he was engaged in milling. He has served as a director of Apollo Savings bank for many years and is the last remaining one of the original members of Olivet U. P. church, of which his wife and children became members. Mr, and Mrs. W^il- son have Ijcen the parents of six children : Robert H., Mary L., born June 5, 1854 ; Abi- gail, born Sept. 18, 1856 ; Hattie, born April 27, 1864 ; and Hugh and Sarah, born i-e.'ipeotively in 1849 and 1860, both of whom died in in- fancy. ]Mr. and Mrs. WiLson, now well advanced in years, are in the enjoyment of the fruits of their many years of honorable and u.seful labor. Robert H. Wilson was reared on the home farm. He received his education in the com- mon schools, Elder's Ridge academy and the Western University of Pittsburgh, in which he studied civil engineering. Leaving the univer- sity, he entered upon the active practice of his profession, and met with such a mea- sure of success that eventually his services were sought for by parties throughout the entire western part of the State. In 1889 his business had increased so in volume that he was compelled to seek assistance in order to take care of it, and accordingly associated in partner- ship with himself, Albert Smith, of this county, under the firm-name of Wilson & Smith. They have offices at Saltsburg and Washington, Pa. In 1888 Mr. Wilson came to Saltsburg, where he has resided ever since. On December 5, 1878, he married Ellen Blakely, daughter of James Blakely. To their union have been born five children : Florence, Karl, Zora, Irene and Robert. Robert H. Wilson is a republican in politics and served as county surveyor of Armstrong county from 1879 to 1882. He is a member of the U. P. church and has served for many years as a trustee of Elder's Ridge academy. He has made a specialty of town and city work for some years, and his firm now has charge of large sewerage and water sjstems and is actively engaged in conducting the surveys of several important coal fields and the construction of some extensive colliery plants. At this time they have charge of the sewerage and paving at Washington and Monongahela City, Pa., besides having just completed a series of surveys em- bracing over six thousand acres of coal land and making extensive surveys of various gas fields. He is engineer in charge of the surveys and developments of the Maher Coal & Coke company of Blairsville, Pennsylvania. Mr. WiLson has kept abreast of the times in his chosen profession and enjoys the respect of his professional brethren and the confidence of a large and increasing clientelage. HOMER CITY. Historical and Deseriptive. — Homer City is six miles south of the county-seat and is the largest town ou the Indiana Branch railroad between Indiana and Blairsville Intersection. It is situated on Yellow creek, a short distance from the confluence of that stream with Two Lick creek. It was laid out in 1854, incorpo- rated as a borough in 1872 and is tlie great centre of the lumber trade of tiie county. It is situated not very far from the geographical centre of Centre townshi[), and in population is the fourth of the towns of Indiana county. Homer City is in the Blairsville or Third Great Coal basin. The Upper Freeport coal bed of the Lower Productive coal measures is well ex- posed along Yellow creek and in the valley of that stream near Homer City are tlic nearest coal mines to Indiana. Limestone is abundant, and "as here developed, the Mahoning sandstone furnishes excellent building material, not only , for heavy foundations, but equally well for pur- ■ poses of decoration. This is fully shown by the handsome court-bouse building at Indiana, in the erection of which all the sandstone em- I ployed was taken from the Mahoning deposit above Homer City. The rock is easily tooled, stands weathering well, and can be cheaply raised in the Tearing Run region, being present in prodigious quantities above water level." Homer City is situated on land which is a | part of two tracts; one patented in the name of j John Allison, and the other to John and Wil- liam Cummins. About 1800 Allison had a mill on Yellow creek just below the present dam (1880) in that stream. He afterwards built a second mill, to which a saw-mill and carding-machiue was attached. Some years after the mill was establisiied the site of the town was a contestant for the county-seat, and in all probai)ility would have l)cen successful if it had not Ijeeu for the liberal offers of ISIr. Clymer in favor of Indiana. lu 18;]2 John Mullin opened a store on tlic cast side of wiiat is now Main street. Hugli Devers soon opened a second store and several houses were erected. The town was laid out iu 1854, by William Wilson, who named it in honor of the poet Homer. The next year the Indiana Brauch railroad was completed to the town and it began to improve rapidly. Stores, mills, shops and tanneries were estalilished, and in 1872 it had attained to a size sufficient to become a borough under the name of Homer City. On , February 11, 1876, the post-office was changed ' from Phillips' Mills to Homer City, and a dec- ade later many of its present industries were started. The first church was the Methodist Episco- pal, and the successive churches since established have been the United Presbyterian, Presbyterian and Evangelical Lutheran. The first physician to locate at Homer City was Dr. James Shields, who came about 1858. From that time until 1880among the physicians of Homer City were: D. M. Marshall, 1860; John Evans and J. C. Morrison, 1865; D. Bor- dell, 18G7; H. S. Thomas, 1873; G. F. Arney, 1878, and J. G. Campbell, 1879. 23.3 234 BIOGRAPHIES OF In the future Homer City is destined to be one of tiie large, prosperous and progressive boroughs of the county. Its manufacturing in- dustries, now in tlieir infancy, will increase in number as well as in magnitude. Its large lumber and planing-mills are now the principal business industries of the town. Homer City is one of the i-ailway towns of the county, was laid out prior to the late war and has grown rapidly in size and numbers. The census reports give its population since 18S0 as follows: 1880, 381; 1890, 513. BIOGRAPHICAL. JOHN GILBERT CAINIPBELL, M.D., a ^ sufcces.sful i>hysician of Homer City, and ex-member of the board of pension e.xaminers of this district, is a son of Robert and Margaret (Mack) Campbell, and was born near Armagli, East Wheatfield township, Indiana county, Pennsylvania, March 1, 1852. His grand- father, David Campbell, was born in Ireland, in 1794, and came, in 1814, to East Wheat- field township. He then bought a farm which he tilled during the remainder of his life. One of his .son.s, Robert Campbell, was born August 7, 1818, and was employed during his early manhood as a boatman on the Pennsylvania canal. Leaving the canal, he bought a farm of one hundred and twenty-seven acres in West Wheat- field township, on which he resided until his death. Robert Campbell was a member of the United Presbyterian church, and an influential democrat, having at different times been elected to the township offices of school director, road supervisor and overseer of the poor. He died in 1882, at the age of sixty-two years. In 1843 he married Margaret Mack, eldest daugh- ter of Robert and Margaret (McDonald) Mack, of East Wheatfield township. To Mr. and Mrs. Campbell were born nine children, of whom six are living: Amanda, wife of John Lamor- eaux ; James McClure, a farmer, residing on the homestead farm ; Dr. John Gilbert ; Jo- seph, engaged in the lumber business ; and Emma, wife of C. C. Fisher, of Garfield. Mrs. Margaret Campbell's father, Robert Mack (maternal grandfather), was a native of Indiana county, and a substantial farmer of East Wheat- field township. John G. Campbell attended the public schools of East Wheatfield township and Elder's Ridge academy. For eleven years he taught in the common schools of his native State. In 1876 he commenced the stud}' of medicine under the instruction of Dr. R. J. Tomb, of Armagh, at- tended a medical college in Cleveland, Ohio, for a short time, and then entered the Baltimore school of medicine, from which he was gradu- ated March 1, 1879. He, immediately after graduation, opened an office and, after practic- ing for some time, removed to Homer City, where he has built up a large and remuner- ative })ractice. He is erecting a tasteful dwelling on Main street, which will be, when completed, one of the finest residences in the borough. He married Belle Boyd, daughter of David and Mary (McCarty) Boyd, of Homer City. Dr. and Mrs. Campbell have one child, a daughter : Frank Boyd Campbell, who was born July 16, 1886. Dr. John G. Campbell is a prominent mem- ber of the United Presbyterian church, holding the offices of elder and trustee of his church. In politics he is a democrat, and has been elected to various borough offices. His time is mainly devoted to the study and practice of his jirofes- sion. He is a genial, courteous gentleman, a successful physician and is worthy of the es- teem in which he is held. INDIANA COUNTY. 235 JOHN COY, ex-postmaster of Homer City, and a ^^•ide-a\vake inerchaut, is a son of John B. and Margaret (Enipfield) Coy, and was born in Cherry Hill towushi]), Indiana county, Pennsylvania, December 11, 1818. His grandfatiier, John Coy, was a native and a life- long resident of Bedford county, where, at the time of his death, he owned a farm of four hundred acres of land. He was a man of great activifv, and was quite notable among the bear- hunters during the pioneer days of Bedford county's early settlers. He was an old-line whig, a member of the Evangelical I/Utheran church, and died in June, 1855. He married Sarah Bovvers, by whom he had nine children : Lewis, Franey, John B., Adam, Sarah, wife of George Empfield ; Peter, Nancy, who married Samuel Stahl ; Elizabeth, wife of AVilliam Fowler, and David. His second son, John B. Coy (father), was born in Bedford county, November 2, 1814, attended the subscription sciiools, and learned the trade of siioeinaUer, which he fol- lowed for nearly a (juartcr of a century. In April, 1851, he removed to Centre township, this county, where he bought a farm of one hundred and thirty-five acres, which he tilled during the remainder of his life. He was an elder and deacon in the Evangelical Lutheran church, (if which he was for many years an ac- tive member. He was a republican and took quite an active part in hjcal politics. He served as road supervisor, school director and overseer of the poor, and at tliis date (October 10, 1 800), he is living and enjoying good health. In 1838 he married Margaret Empfield. To their union were born five children : Saraii J., wife of G. A. Mikcsell ; Benjamin, Alexander W ., Peter and John. Of these children, Sarah J. and John only are living. Mrs. Coy was a daugh- ter of Peter Empfield (maternal grandfather), who was a farmer of this county and met with several reverses in business. He was a re[)ub- lican in politics. John Coy was reared on his father's farm and attended the public schools. la early manhood he worked on the farm in the sum- mer and on a saw-mill during the winter for several years. In 1872 he came to Plomer City and formed a mercantile partnership with G. A. Mikesell, under the firm-name of Coy & Mikesell. Some eighteen months after- ward Mr. Mikesell sold out his interest to James Fenton, and the firm became Coy & Fenton. In 1875, Mr. Coy bought out his partner's share, and since that time has con- ducted the business very successfully. He has a large, well-selected stock of dry goods, gro- ceries, hardware and general nicrchandi.se, espe- cially selected to gratify the wishes and satisfy the needs of his patrons. Attentive, courteous and obliging, he has built up a good j)atronage. His present general mercantile establishment is on Main street, and w-as erected in 1805 by his father. On September \\), 1871, he married Anna M. McFeaters, daughter of James and Eliza- l)eth (Duncan) McFeaters, of Indiana county. Mr. and Mrs. Coy have three children : Lela Thoburn, born May 18, 1873; Tesora Grace, born December 14, 1876; and Jennie Ethel, Ixirn November 16, 1879. John Coy is an uncompromising democrat, and has made an excellent record as school director, overseer of the poor and councilman of the borough. In 1885 he was appointed postmaster of Homer City, which position he held until May 24, 1889. He is a man of perseverance, sagacity and prudence, and his success in mercantile life is attributable to these qualities which he pos.sesses in so high a degree. DR. JOHN EVANS, a successful physician of Homer City, and a wounded Union veteran of the late war, is a .son of William and Susan (Wilkins) Evans, and was born in Brush Valley township, Indiana county, Penn- 236 BIOGRAPHIES OF sj'lvania, May 20, 1835. The Evanses are of Welsh descent, and Hugh Evans (grandfather) was among the early settlers of Brush Valley township. He came from Wales, and about 1800 erected a stone grist-mill on Brush creek, about three-quarters of a mile below the pres- ent site of Mechanicsburg. It was the first mill in Brush Creek Valley, and for many years was a prominent landmark. Besides the grist-mill, Hugh Evans owned a large farm and a distillery. He was the first member of the Baptist church who settled in Brush Val- ley township. He was a strong abolitionist, and died in 1849, when he was about seventy years of age. He was married twice. By his first wife, Hannah , he had eight chil- dren : Ann, married to James Stewart ; John, Hugh, William, Evans, James, Mary and Eliz- abeth. After the death of his first wife he married Esther Creswell. William Evans (father) was born in 1800, and followed farm- ing tor a livelihood. He was a presbyterian and a whig, and served as school director and judge of elections. He has a well-improved farm of one hundred and thirty-five acres. He died in 1852, in the fifty-third year of his age. He married Susan Wilkins, daughter of Andrew and Elinor (Robinson) Wilkins. To Mr. and Mrs. Evans were born eight children : Dr. John, Andrew W., Samuel W., William A., Nancy, E., married to J. Rhoads; Susan, wife of W. S. McCormick ; Sarah E. and George W. Dr. John Evans was reared on his father's farm and attended the common schools and Saltsburg and Jacksonville academies. From 1851 to 1859 he taught school. He read med- icine with Dr. James ]S[cMnllen, and attended Jefferson Medical college, but left his class to come home and enlist as a soldier. On July 24, 1861, he became a member of Co. H, 41st regiment. Pa. Vols., and in November of the same year was appointed hospital steward. He served until June 11, 1864, when he was hon- orably discharged at Harrisburg. He partici- I pated in the battles of Draiusville, Mechanics- ville, Gaines' Mills, Malvern Hill, Charles City Cross-Roads, Bull Run, South Mountain, An- tietam, Fredericksburg, Gettysburg, Bristoe station, Rappahannock station, Mine Run, Wil- derness, Spottsylvania, Jericho Ford and Beth- esda church. In the battle of Mechanicsville Dr. Evans was wounded by a ball. In 1864 ! he entered upon the practice of his profession \ at Greenville, but in 1866 removed to Homer ; City, where he has enjoyed a lucrative practice ever since. On December 21, 1868, he married Isabella S. Watt, daughter of Isaac and Jane (McKen- nan) Watt. To Dr. and Mrs. Evans have been born five children : William I., born in 1871, and died in 1876; Luella G., born in March, 1876; John J , born August 26, 1880; An- drew E. and Jane I., born in 1888. Dr. Evans and his estimable wife have been members of Homer City Presbyterian church since it was organized, July 21, 1870. On May 26, 1889, he was appointed postmaster at Homer City, and is one of the leadiug republi- cans in the borough, having been a member of the school board ever since its organization. Dr. Evans is a successful physician and well deserves the esteem in which he is held. " T) EV. CARLE MOORE was born in Jef- -L*' ferson, Greene county, Pennsylvania, in 1848. He was a student of Madison college, Unlontown, Fayette county, Pa., for four years, and read Theology with Rev. John ]\Iorgan, a Cumberland Presbyterian minister, of Union- town. His first charge was over three Cumber- land Presbyterian churches, one in each of Ve- nango, Mercer and Crawford counties. After nearly four years' labor he removed to Punx- sutawney, where he labored about five years. His successive parishes were: Cumberland Pres- byterian church, Mercer county, about two years; Brady's Bend Presbyterian church, for INDIANA COUNTY. 237 Brady's Bend, Iron works; Cumberland Pres- byterian church, in Armstrong county, and Pleasant Unity, Westmoreland county; Beverly and Lowell, Ohio, Congregational, and Green- field, Ohio, new school Presbyterian churches; Cumberland Presbyterian, Newburg, Indiana, and from 1869 to 1877 for several Presbyterian churches in northern Indiana county. "Our subject's wife was M. J., daughter of William Caldwell, of Indiana. Their children were: William I., who was born in 1847, grad- uated from the laboratory department of the Philadelphia school of pharmacy, opened a drug store at Homer City in July, 1876, and in 1877 married Mary G. Woodford, of Cherry Tree, by whom he had one child, Nellie J.; James, deceased, and Thomas, deceased." (This sketch was written in 1880.) HON. WILLIAM L. REED, M.D., a member of the House of Representatives of Pennsylvania, and a well-established physi- cian and influential citizen of Homer City, is a son of Augustus J. and Mary (Anderson) Reed, and was born near Stewartsville, in Arm- strong township, Indiana county, Pennsylvania, February 11, 1843. The Reed family is of Scotch descent. William Reed, the paternal grandfather of Dr. William L. Reed, was a farmer who lived near Clinton village, in Find- lev townsiiip, Allegheny county. He was an old-line whig and a strong anti-slavery man and an active member of the Presbyterian church. His son, Augustus J. Reed (father), was born in Findley township in 1820, re- ceived a common-school education and was en- gaged in farming until 1888, when he removed to Colorado. He there bought a farm of one liundred and sixty acres, but, not liking the country and the rough frontier life of the sec- tion in which he had located, he returned to Allegheny county in 1889. He is an elder in the United Presbyterian church, a prominent republican and served once as township asse.ssor. In 1842 he married Mary Anderson, daughter of William and Elizabeth (Logan) Anderson, of Indiana county. Mr. and Mrs. Reed have been the parents of eight children, six of whom are living. Mrs. Reed's father, William An- derson (maternal grandfather), was born in Ireland, came in 1812 to Ohio, and shortly afterwards removed to Armstrong county, where, near the site of Taylorville, he pur- chased a farm of four hundred acres. He was the founder of Stewartsville (Parkwood post- office), which he had laid out on New Year's Day, 1848, and of which village his son Sam- uel erected the first dwelling. William Ander- son was a member of the Presbyterian church, and married Elizabeth Logan, a native of Ire- land, by whom he had several children. William L. Reed was reared on his father's farm and attended the common .schools and Elder's Ridge academy. He entered West- rriinster college, in Lawrence county, from which institution of learning he was graduated in 1867. On August 31, 1861, he enlisted as a sergeant in Company D, 62d regiment, Penn- sylvania Volunteers, commanded by Col. Black. He served three years and four months, was wounded three times and was discharged at Stone general hos))ital, Washington city, in December, 1864. He was shot in the left leg at Hanover Court-house, received a ball in the left leg at Chancellorsville, and was shot in the left arm, left side and through both thighs dur- ing the second day's fight at Gettysburg. After he was discharged from the army he read med- icine with Dr. Banks, of Livermore, Westmore- land county, for six months and then taught a select school, after which he resumed the study of medicine with Dr. Robert ^IcChesney, of Shelocta. He attended lectures at the College of Physicians and Surgeons, Cincinnati, from which institution he was graduated in 1874. After graduation he located at Shelocta, where he practiced for six years and then removed to 238 BIOGRAPHIES OF Jacksonville. In 1889 he came to Homer City as a larger and more favorable field for the jiractice of his jirofession and is building up quite an extensive practice. In 1867 he married Anna P. Johnson, daughter of James and Mary C. (Miller) John- son, of New Wilmington, I^awrence county. To Dr. and Mrs. Reed have been born five childern : Luhi, born January, 1868, died in 1870; Nola, born in 1870, wife of a Mr. Scott, of Westmoreland couuty; Nellie, born in 1872; Charles Paul, born September .30, 1877, and Mary, Ijorn in August, 1880. Mrs. Reed is a woman of good education, prominent in society and devoted to her family. Dr. Reed is an influential and leading repub- lican, and has served as a school director and biu'gess of Homer City. He was elected as a member of the House of Representa- tives of Pennsylvania, and served very cred- itably during the session of 1888-89. He is a courteous gentleman of good address and kind disposition, and has many friends throughout the county. He is painstaking, trustworthy and successful as a physician ; useful as a citi- zen, honorable as a man and prominent as a republican in the county councils of his party. JOHN P. ST. CLAIR. Among the busi- *-' ness men of Homer City, none rank higher than John P. St. Clair, ex-clerk of the board of commissioners of Indiana county and pro- prietor of the Homer City flouring mills. He is a son of Hon. Thomas and Charlotte (Pat- ton) St. Clair, and was born at Indiana, Indiana county, Pennsylvania, December 31, 1848. He is of Scotch-Irish descent and on his paternal side is descended from the St. Clair family of Scotland, which was founded during the middle ages, by Sir Walderne de St. Clair, a Norman Knight, and whose full history will be found in the sketch of Hon. Thomas St. Clair, of In- diana. James St. Clair, Sr. (great-grand- father and cousin to Gen. Arthur St. Clair), came from Ireland to York county and served in the Revolutionary war. His son, James St. j Clair (grandfather), came to this county, where he married Jennie Slemmons, of Irish descent and reared a family of ten children: Margaret, William S., Mary W., James, Samuel, Isaac, John, Robert, Hon. Thomas, M.D., and Hiram. (See sketch of Ex-Senator St. Clair, of In- diana.) j John P. St. Clair received his education in the common schools and Indiana academy. Leaving school, he engaged in the general mer- ; cantile business as a member of the firm of Sutton, Lloyd & Co , but soon withdrew from that firm and formed a partnership with W. R. Laughry, under the firm-name of Laughry & St. Clair, which name was afterward changed to Sutton, Laughry & Co., when Peter Sutton entered the firm. In 1871 Mr. St. Clair ex- changed his interest in this latter firm for a third interest in the old " Two Lick " grist-mill. His father bought the remaining two-thirds interest and they operated it under the firm- name of Thomas St. Clair & Son until Feb- ruary, 1876, when they sold the mill. They then engaged in business at Two Lick's station as the " Two Lick's Lumber company, limited." Three years later they sold their property at the station and dissolved partnership. John P. St. Clair, in the mean time, was elected clerk of the commissioners of Indiana county, which office he assumed on January 1, 1879, and filled very creditably for his term of three years. In 1 882 he inherited a third interest in the Homer City mills, and since that time has devoted his atten- tion to the management of these mills and building up the extensive trade which he now enjoys. The mill, including the other buildings on the property, is worth $25,000. It is one of the oldest mills in the county, and since being improved and refitted by Mr. St. Clair, has a , capacity of seventy-five barrels of flour per ' day. INDIANA COUNTY. 239 January 4, 1872, he married Martha J. ' Daugherty, daughter of James R. and Anna M. (Hart) Daugherty, of Indiana. Mr. and Mrs. St. Clair are the parents of seven chil- dren : Mary C, born March 3, 1873; Tliomas P., born January 2, 1876; Frank D., born June 10, 1879; John D., born July 4, 1881; Jennie, born May 11, 1884; James K., born August 26, 1886; and Anna Joe, born Decem- ber 2, 1888. Mrs. St. Clair is an intelligent and amiable woman, a devoted mother, a kind friend and an earnest, consistent member of the Homer City Presbyterian church, of which her husband was for years a trustee and is now an elder. J. P. St. Clair is a member of Indiana Lodge, No. 21, Ancient Order United Work- men. In politics he is independent, regarding a candidate's character and capabilities for the office for which he is a nominee, rather than his political views. He has filled the office of school director for seven years and is a member j of the borough council. He resides in a pleas- ant and tasteful residence in a desirable part of the town and his excellent wife has rendered their home as attractive without as it is genial i and hospitable within. " A NDREW ALLISOX, who came to In- ■^ diana county in 1788, was the first to settle within the present limits of the county. He was born in Cumberland county. Pa., in the year 1757. His father, Robert Allison, came from county Dcrry, Ireland, in 1750, and set- tled in CVunbcrland county. He was married in 1752 to a lady by the nameof Beckie Beard, a granddaughter of one Charles Stuart, a de- scendant of the house of Stuarts. They reared a family of si.x sons and one daughter. Andrew, the third sou, after having followed General Washington through the most gloomy period of the Revolution, returned to his father's family, in Cumberland county, but did not re- main there long. In the year 1785 he again left the paternal roof, and, M'ith a new axe in his hand and a rifle on his shoulder, crossed the mountains and settled in Westmoreland county, near the site of the present village of New Deny. There he commenced an improvement, makiug his home with Joiin Pomroy in time of peace, and when the Indians invaded the settle- ment he took refuge in a fort in the vicinity. During his sojourn in Westmoreland county the settlement was frequently attacked by In- dians, and several men were killed and others wounded. In 1788 he sold his improvements to Francis Pomroy, crossed the Conemaugli river, and settled on the bank of Two Lick, on the site of an old Indian town, opposite the present village of Homer. Here he built a cabin and cleared some ground for agricultural purposes. The cabin was without a door, and a liole in one side served as a ])lace of ingress and egress. In the year 1790 his father came from Cum- berland county and took charge of his improve- ments, and Andrew penetrated farther into the forest and opened up the farm now owned by Archy Nichol, three miles east of the borough of Indiana. Here he was the frontier settler, with nothing between him aud the Susquehanna river but the howling wilderness, abounding with wild beasts, and traversed by hostile sav- ages. In October of that year he was married to a lady by the name of Sally Barr. He re- mained at his new home till 1792, in which year the Indians renewed their depredations upon some of the border settlements. A report having reached him one evening that Indians were in the vicinity, he took his family, con- sisting of his wife and oue child, and fled to his nearest neighbor, Irwin Adams, who had come from Ireland and located on the farm now owned by G. A. McCiain. After remaining there several days Allison went to look after his farm, and get some articles that had been left, but the cabin w^ith all its contents had 240 BIOGRAPHIES OF INDIANA COUNTY. been burnt, the Indians having fired it during his absence. He then returned to his father's, on Two Lick and Yellow creek, on an improve- ment made by Jolui Henry at an earlier date, but who, on account of the dangers that sur- rounded him, had returned to his former home in Virginia. At this place Allison remained till 1795, when he purchased an improvement made in 1772 by one Joseph Hopkins, about three miles south of Indiana, Hopkins and his family having fled from their clearing on account of the Indian troubles. Here again he was on the frontier, with neither a horse nor a public road, bridge, church or school-house within ten miles. It was truly a secluded spot ; the silence of the forest was seldom broken, except by the howl- ing wolves, the yelling panthers or the crack of the hunter's rifle. Here he spent the re- mainder of his days, and cleared out a large farm. He died in 1815, aged fifty-eight years." MARION. Historical and Descriptive. — Marion (Post- office Brady) is on Pine run in the soutiiern part of East Mahoning township, and is the largest town north of the piirciiase line in Indi- ana county. It was laid out by John Park in 1842 and incorporated as a borough in 1872. " Marion is situated on a tract of land which originally embraced four hundred and eight acres, the patent of which was issued to James Johnston, a deputy surveyor, on the 31st of January, 1798. lu the patent the tract is called 'Greenland,' and is descril:)ed as situated on the waters of Pine run. In 1795 John Park came to this portion of Peunsylvania to make surveys under the direction of Mr. John- stou. lu 1798 he purchased the 'Evergreen' body of land, though he did not get his deed till the 2d of December, 1803. In 1799 he erected a log cabin 16x20 in what is now the south-west end of the village, on the lot now owned by the Rilchey heii"s. The Ritchey house stands on the old foundation. This is said to have been the second house erected in this section north of the purchase line. Elisha Chambers, Hugh Thompson, Fergus Moorhead, Jacob Shalleberger, William McHenry, five Seneca Indians, a squaw and a papoose M'ere at the raising. The Indians, according to tradi- tion, would not work till the bottle of whiskey was passed and each had drank a portion there- of Then, upon a signal from the chief, who shook energetically a gourd partly filled with corn, they went to work with much awkward- ness but good-naturedly, and in a few hours the lone cabin had risen. "It is said that when Mr. Park first came to this region he encamped on the site of his cabin. Near it was a fine spring. On the opposite bank of the run were some Indians who had erected their wigwams there, no doubt on account of the spring, as well as the abundance of game in the surrounding forest. After the raising they all went to Hugh Thompson's place, about two and one-half miles down Pine run, where the Indians and the whites had a grand frolic. The red men danced to the music of tlie shaken gourd, and there was naught to disturb the har- mony of the hour." John Park was the life of the settlement that was gathering around the site of his future town. In 1810 he built a tan-yard, and soon afterwards built a horse-power grist-mill, which he replaced in 1834 with a water-power flour- ing-mill, with a capacity of thirty bushels per day. His son James had a cabinet factory and carpenter shop in connection with the mill for several years. "Marion was laid out by John Park in August, 1842, and the first sale of lots occurred in the succeeding month. The plat embraced eight acres, with one main street and two rows of lots on either side. The first house erected after the platting of the town was the residence of Hezekiah Wood, the pioneer chair and spin- ning-wheel maker. This is still standing on the south side of West Main street, and is the property of John Riddle. Mr. Wood worked at his trade in James Park's shop. The second building was erected by James Park for James McKelvey, the first blacksmith. It stands to- 241 242 BWORAPHTES OF day on the east side of the Wood residence. The blacksmith sliop was situated on the east side of Manor street, one square below the Diamond, and is now used as a warehouse by John H. Rochester. The next house was Wil- liam Campbell's, on the west side of the Wood property. The first wagon shop was carried on in this building by Wm. Bowers. It is now occupied by Dr. W. S. Shields. The first saddler and harness maker was Wm. Richard- son, who also kept his shop and residence in the Wood house. Hezekiah Wood, Sr., was the first shoemaker. He was said to have been as good at the last as his son was at the bench. The first paiuterwas Linton Park, whose experience has justly entitled him to be designated as the master of the craft in (he Mahoning Val- ley. McCracken & Conrad (George) were the first merchants. Their store was commenced in 1845, and was located in the room now (1880) occupied by Mrs. Mary Pounds as her dining-room for the Exchange hotel. James Park owned the building, and in a short time he built the front part of the building, and the store was transferred to the room now used as the office. After a career of three years the store was transferred to Gettysburg." The first hotel was opened in 1844 by James Park, and the first resident justice of the peace was Robert J. Hopkins. Kiuter and Ritchey erected a steam grist-mill in 1855, C. M. Long built a woolen-mill in 18fil, and James and Linton Park erected a planing-miil in 1868. A cabinet factory was erected in 1869, the Parks & Beans window-blind factory went into operation in 1874, and about 1885 the Marion creameiy was started. The physicians of Marion have been : J. D. Baldwin, 1844-61; J. K. Thompson, 1845-90; J. B. Davidson, 1851-64; G. J. McHenry, 1864; D. M. Marshall, 1865-72; D. H. Snowdon, 1873-75; W. S. Shields, 1874-77, and A. H. Allison, the present leading physi- cian of the borough, who located there in 1880. I The population of Marion since 1860 has ■ been as follows: 1860, 137; 1870, 113; 1880, 114; 1890, 133. "In the midst of an excellent agricultural section, with never-failing supplies of water, witk thousands of acres of timber at her very doors, with coal veins oj^ened even within the . corporation limits, whose extent seems inex- haustible, and whose quality is up to the re- quired standard, with a climate at ouce exhila- rating and balmy, and having a people indus- trious, energetic and fruitful in invention, there is no reason why ISIarion should not increase steadily in numbers, wealth and intelligence. The academy and the public school offer '. facilities of no mean order. The religious privileges are the equal of any in the county. The moral tone of the community is at a most healthy stage, and there seems to be a desire to be and to do something for the improvement not only of the town, but the county and State. j " The Marion subdivision of the Fourth Coal basin embraces all that portion of Indiana county situated west of the Indiana anticlinal, and east of the Saltsburg and Perrysville sub- anticlinals. On the Conemaugh river it_is a ' narrow trough six and three-quarters miles wide, exteuding from the Deep hollow, two miles below Blairsville, to near White's station, on the West Pennsylvania railroad. Followed northeastward from the Conemaugh river the width of the sub-basin is steadily diminished by the convergence of its anticlinal sides ; but in the Mahoning townships acro.ss the ' Pur- chase Line' the Saltsburg axis is obliterated altogether, and the basin there extends west- ward to the Perrysville anticlinal, thus giving to the trough in this latitude a width of nearly nine miles. Besides the town (jf Marion this sub-basin includes the villages of Covode, Da- vidsville, Marchand, Georgeville, Kellysburg, Kintersburg, Jacksonville and Fillmore. As much as two-thirds, and in places, perhaps INDTANA AND ARMSTRONG COUNTIES. 243 three-fourths, of the Lower Barren group are piled up along the synclinal axis, giving to this section gentle slopes and fertile soils, profitable to the farmer and stock-grower. " The Lower Productive Coal Measures are little known in the southern portion of the Marion sub-basin, and it is not until we have crossed the ' Purchase Line ' that we find these rocks occupying an extended area above water level. It is true that the Frecport group rises above the draiuage line at such points in the valleys of tlie Coneraaugh, Crooked creek and McKee's run, as lie close to the anticlinals; and these exposures, though of very limited extent, are of great im])ortance to the surrounding country, which is thus supplied with cheap fuel both for domestic purposes and for the limekiln. North of the 'Purchase Liue,' by the uplift of the whole country, the Lower Productive meas- ures are the surface rocks aloug all the princi- pal streams in the eastern hiilf of the trough ; but by the great expansion of the basin and the obliteration of tlie Saltsburg anticlinal before readiing the Little Mahoning, the western half of the trough in this region is composed chiefly of Lower Barren rocks, which we find in the deep valley of the Little Mahoning to the al- most total exclusion of the Lower Productive measures above the surface. Only the highest strata of the latter group outcrop above water level at the point where the Pcrrysville anti- clinal crosses the creek about three miles above the town of Smi(;ksburg. '■' At Kellysburg the narrowly contracted and rocky valley of Pine run expands under the disappearance of the Mahoning, which in turn gives place to higher and softer rocks. The developments of Mr. St. Clair Thompson have fully demonstrated that this valley is bar- ren of workable coals until the eastward course of the raviue has carried it to Marion, where the upper portion of the Lower Productive Coal measures has been pushed above the pres- ent drainage line by the Indiana anticlinal axis, 15 on the western flank of which the town of Marion is situated." BIOGRAPHICAL. ALEXANDER H. ALLISON, M.D., the pioneer pliysi(;ian of Cookport and now in active and successftd practice at Marion, is a son of John R. and Rebecca (James) Allison, and was born in East Mahoning township, In- diana county, Pennsylvania, June 6, 1842. John R. Allison was born in Indiana county and was an industrious farmer of East Mahon- ing townshij), where he died December 7, 1853, aged forty-four years and seven months. He married Rebecca James, a native of Clarion county, who was born in 1814, and died Jan- uary 25, 1884, aged seventy years. Their family consisted of nine children, five sons and four daughters. One of the sons was William R., who was a prominent lawyer of Indiana, served as district attorney from 1871 to 1874, and died in 1883, aged forty-six years. Alexander H. Allison was reared on his father's farm and received his literary education in Dayton and Glade Run academics of Ann- strong county. At twenty-two years of age he commenced the study of medicine with Drs. McEwcn and Annesly, and after completing the required course of reading, entered Jefferson Medical college of Philadelphia, from which lie was graduated March 4, 1867. On May l.'Uii, of the same year, he located at Cookport anil became the first jihysician of that )>lace. lie was prominently identified with the town in its growth and progress for over thirteen years. In 1880 he left an extensive and lucrative prac- tice and a large circle of personal friends at that place to establish himself in another and very inviting field for the practice of his i)ro- fession. This section which he had selected was Marion borough and vicinity. He located 244 BIOGRAPHIES OF at Marion ia 1880, where he soou Iniilt up a large practice which, has continually increased ever since. In 1881 he opened his present well-stocked drug-store iu order to have pure and fresh drugs always convenient for his prac- tice and also as an accommodation to the pub- lic. During Lee's threatened invasion of Penn- sylvania, in 1863, he enlisted in Co. B, sixty- second regiment, Pa. Militia, and participated in the battle of Antietam. On July 4, 1879, Dr. Allison united in mar- riage with Mary Lockard, of Indiana, whose father, David Lockard, owns the well-known Lockard flouring-raills of Indiana. Politically Dr. Allison is a democrat. In addition to his practice he has given some atten- tion to agriculture and business pursuits. He owns one hundred and thirty-three acres of the old Allison homestead farm in East Mahoning township, where he keeps some of the finest thoroughbred horses to be found in the county. He is proprietor of the Marion creamery, iu which from 100 to 200 pounds of butter are made daily and shipped to various parts of the county. He is a genial and courteous gentle- man. He successfully discharges the duties of his profession with care and sincerity and has well-earned his deserved popularity as a physi- cian. " JOHN PARK was born in 1776, in the ^ town of Baltiwalter, county Down, Ire- land, and was the son of Robert and Jane (Bailey) Park. The family removed in 1794 to Philadelphia, where Robert instructed classes in navigation. He died about a year after his location, and his widow subsequently married James Johnston, the surveyor, who resided near Green Castle, Franklin county, and whose name is associated with the early surveys of northern Indiana county. She died iu Johnstown, Cambria county, in 1 828, and was one hundred and eight years of age at the time of her death. Our subject studied surveying with his father and step-father, and received a commission as deputy surveyor for the western district of Pennsylvania, from Gov. Snyder. His location near the present site of Marion is related in the history of the borough. He died August 10, 1844, at the age of seventy. His wife was Mary Lang, whom he married in Franklin "county, in 1807. She died in 1864, eighty-one years old. She was the daughter of Rev. James Lang, a Presbyterian minister of White Spring, Franklin county. John and Mary Park's (children were : Margaret H., mar- ried to Samuel Craig; Robert, married first to Mary G. Cannon, second to Margaretta Thomp- son and third to Martha Caruthers, a sister of Rev. John (Jaruthers; Jane R., married to Alexander Sutor; Mary B., married to Joseph Brady; James L., married first to Susannah Early, and second to Anna Loughry; Ann E., married to James Martin; Amanda, married to Robert Barbour; John, married to Martha Curtiss; and Lindon. Lindon was for six years in the United States service, one year of which he was a member of the ' President's Guards,' 2d regiment, District of Columbia. Lindon engraved the broad-axe presented to Lincoln in 1860." HON. JOHN KEENE THOMPSON, M.D., ex-member of the Pennsylvania legislature, and ex-associate judge of the courts of Indiana county, was one of the oldest and ablest physicians of western Penn- sylvania. He was born at the village of Ston- erstowu, twelve miles west of Bellefonte, Centre county, Pennsylvania, December 25, 1821, and was a son of John and Lydia (Blake) Thomp- son. Among the many settlers of Centre county who came from county Derry, Ireland, was John Thompson, Sr., the grandfather of Dr. Thompson. He was a Presbyterian in religious faith, and died iu early life. He INDIANA COUNTY. 245 bad a war claim from the war of 1812, and settled near the site of Stonerstown, where he served for several years as justice of the peace. His son, John Thompson (father), was born and reared on his father's farm, upon wliiuli lie con- tinuously resided until his death, in 1877, at seventy-eight yeai"s of age. He was well edu- cated for his day, and ably sustained the repu- tation of an honest and upriglit man. He acted as clerk for the Potter Furnace company, after- wards became manager of their extensive iron works, but resigned the latter position to engage in tlie general mercantile business at Stoners- town, where he became quite wealthy. He was elected sheriff of Centre county, whei'e he served one term with great credit to himself and advan- tage to the county. He married Lydia Blake, of Keunett Square, Chester county, against tiic wishes of her parents, who disinherited her on aocount of her marriage. Respected for his honesty and integrity, his services were con- stantly in demand among his neighbors in all matters of importance, especially in legal busi- ness. John Keene Thompson was reared at Stt)ners- town, and at the age of seventeen entered Alle- gheny college, at Meadville, Pa., in which he remaiual for two years. He then left college and read medicine with Dr. George B. Engles, after which, in 1844, he entered Jefferson Med- ical college of Pliiladelphia, from which insti- tution he was graduated in 1845. In March, 1846, he locatetl at Marion, when Dr. Baldwin was the only physician in that section. Dr. Thompson soon came into a wide practice that extended over parts of Jefferson, Armstrong and Clearfield counties, in addition to his home- practice at Marion. In 18G3 he removed to Indiana, but two years later he returned to Marion, where of late years he had retired from active practice, except in his own town, or when adled in consultation. In 185G Dr. Thomp- son was elected associate judge of Indiana county, and at the expiration of his term in 1861, was re-elected, and served until 1866. In 1874 he was elected a member of the Pennsylvania legislature, and w-as re-elected in 1875. Before the war he was a frce-soiler, and since 1865 h.'id been an active Republican. He was a delegate to the National Republican con- vention in Philadelphia that nominated General Grant for president, and was alternate to the Chicago convention of 1888, that nominated Benjamin Harrison for president. Dr. Thompson was serving as president of the Marion school board and burgess of the borough at the time of his death, in 1890. He married Jane Thompson, oth b(iring and pumping. The place was called the tJreat ("oneu'augh salt works, from the name i)f the river upon which they were located, and a post-office with that name was established there. The seven wells along the river, on the West- moreland side, were all put down prior to 1820 and 1822, and from that date till 1830 the gi'oup of hills on both sides of the river was like a great bee-hive; yet the expenses of pro- duction, in many instances, exceeded the income. The coal and machinery had to be hauled from Pittsburgii by wagon, or brought by tiie river in keel-boats — both expensive means of trans- portation. The population of Conemaugh township at each census, from 1860 to 1890, has been as follows: 1748, 1701, 1493, 1346 and 1530. The principal townsof the towship are: Salts- burg, Kelly's station, where John Kelly made the first improvement prior to the Revolution- ary war; Clarksburg, situated iu the Pittsburgh coal field, with 200 population, and Tunnel- ton. Black Lick Toiniship. — This township lies north of Black Lick creek, and the Indiana axis divides it into two nearly equal parts; the western part is in the Marion sub-basin of the Fourth Great basin, and the eastern part lies in the Blairsville or Third Great basin. Between two tributary streams of Black Lick creek is an area of the Pittsburgh coal-bed. Crossing Black Lick and ascending the northern slope of the valley, the Pittsburgh bed first apj)ears in a small knob on the Camjibell farm at the summit of the slopes. Here it is exposed. Then in a knob of similar size, but separate and distinct from the Campbell out- crop, and to the northwest of the latter farm it again appears. But the most important area north of Black Jjick creek is that embracing the Doty and .1. Dixon farms, which, with a small oul-lier in the S. Dixon property, termi- nates the Imsin. The coal as opened on the Doty farm is 55 feet higher in level than in Coleman's ; this being nearly along tlie strike of the rocks ex- presses the gentle rise in the synclinal towards tlie northeast — -the rise that thrusts the Pitts- burgh coal from the basin and covers the coun- try beyond with Ijower Barren rocks. In the Doty mine the coal is very uniform and regular, and is decidedly more free from pyrites than where exposed at any other point in the basin. It carries, however, considerable slate, especially near the floor, the bottom bench being almost worthless in its lower part. The geological structure of Black Lick Val- ley M-ill be further noticed in East and West Wheatfield townships. The township was formed from Armstrong township in 1807, and its chief productions are wheat, corn, oats, coal and limestone. The surface is moderately hilly, and its citizens give particular attention to raising fine (-at tie. Among the early settlers were George Ault- mau. Rev. Henry Baker, Patrick McGee, Gen. Charles Campbell and Jacoi) Bricker. Mollie Furnace, who came with the Dixons, frcipient- ly told of having nursed Gen. George ^\'ash- ington. Gen. Charles Campbell and five others of the early settlers were captured by the In- dians and held as prisoners for five years. John Dixon, who died iu 1843, at seventy-two years of age, was the first white child which was born in the township. Newport, the first town in Indiana county, 252 BIOGRAPHIES OF was founded half a mile below the junction of j Black Lick creek and the Conemaugh river, by Alexander Deunison, some time between 1785 and 1790. A block-house was erected and the town pros- pered for a few jeai-s. Stores were opened, two taverns were started, and among other build- ings erected were a church, mill, carding fac- torv, tannery, hatting shop and scythe factory. A new county was agitated at that time, and Newport, being in the centre of its proposed territory, expected to become its future county- seat. The Conemaugh being made the bound- ary line of Westmoreland destroyed all possi- bility of the new county, and Newport went down, until to-day not a vestige of any of its buildings are to be seen. We give the following list of taxable inhabitants resident within the bounds of Black Lick township, in the county of Indi- ana, as returned on the assessment lists for 1807: Robert Anderson, weaver; Philip Altman, Jacob Altman, blacksmith ; George Altman, John Anderson, James Brunson, mulatto ; John Burns, Mary Bell, spinster; George Bell, tailor; Jeremiah Brown, Thomas Bell, David Byers, weaver; Tobias Byers, Henry Byers, Jacob Bricker, Benjamin Closson, con- stable; Philip Cribs, John Casaday, Charles Campbell, judge; ^Michael Campbell, Josiah Closson, Richard Closson, George Cribs, Sr., John Conkle, John Cowen, James Caldwell, John Caldwell, James Craig, George Cribs, Jr., Samuel Coulter, David Campbell, weaver; John Compton, shoemaker; Jean Dean, spin- ster; Samuel Dixon, Esq., Andrew Dickson, James Dickson, Davis Davis, William Davis, Sr., William Davis, Jr., William Downey, Samuel Downey, John Downey, ilary Downey, spinster; Thomas David, William Deviney, Esq., Andrew Deviney, Samuel Douglas, cabi- net-maker; Steward David, shoemaker ; George Daugherty, Abraham Dehavens, William Dona- hew, Henry Ebrick, carpenter; Mary Elder, spinster; Joseph Elder, Elizabeth Elder, raan- tuamaker; John Fair, Peter Fair, James Fer- guson, Sr., James Ferguson, blacksmith; David Fergiison, Hance Ferguson, Alexander Fails, Susanna Glenn, spinster; James Gordon, John Gibson, Hugh Gibson, Samuel Gray, tailor; William Green, Michael Heir, weaver; Robert Hunter, shoemaker; James Hunter, George Hays, doctor; John Hamilton, weaver; Henry Frederick, John Herrold, Sr., John Herrold, Jr., Daniel Herrold, David Herren, Ruban Jewel, Patrick Jack, Rev. John Jameson, Wil- liam Jameson, John Jameson, painter; Isaac Jennings, Samuel Keton, Archibald Kelly, Charles Kenning, Joseph Kenning, James Kelly, stonemason; Patrick Kelly, coverlid weaver; Amos Laurence, William Laurence, Reynold Laughlin, James Lyon, Alexander Lyon, Jacob Lepley, wagon-maker; Henry Livingston, wagon-maker; Conrad Lintner, tavern-keeper; Andrew Lowers, James Lock- erd, Jos. Loughry, cooper ; Nicholas Loughry, William Loughry, Daniel Levear, John Miller, James McConnal, David Mercer, John Meri- man, wheelwright; Archibald McEwen, Pat- rick McGee, distiller; Rebochah Moorhead, weaver; Jonathan Martin, stone-mason; James McComb, assemljly; George McComb, tanner; William McFarlaud, John McFarland, miller; William Martin, Hugh Mclntire, Andrew McCartney, carpenter ; Arthur McGufF, John McCready, John Meason, trader; William Mecum, tavern-keeper; Joshua McCracken, shoemaker ; Robert McElhaney, Jane McClure, spinster; Robert ilurdurgh, Peres Means, Eli- zabeth McCartney, spinster; John McCrea, William McFarland, James Mitchell, Robert Nixon, merchant; Robert Nixon, Jr., mer- chant; John O'Conner, school-master; Robert Patten, Peter Palmer, Charles Palmer, Susan- nah Palmer, spinster; John Palmer, Sarah Reed, weaver; Samuel Reed, Jane Rapine, spinster; James Rapine, Daniel Rapine, John INDIANA COUNTY. 253 Rapine, mill-wright; William Rankin, George Rankin, Andrew Rankin, James Reed, Chris- topher Rapine, George Rapine, fuller; Agnes Rain, spinster; Christian Riich, John Robins, shoemaker; Catherine Rhees, spinster; Robert Rhees, Michael Buch, Joseph Smith, Daniel Smith, blacksmith ; William Smith, shoemaker; David Still, James Shields, Garvin Sutton, Joseph Shields, cooper; John Scott, shoe- maker; Thomas N. Sloan, Esq., John Spires, Jane Smith, negro, jobber; Catherine Thomas, spinster; Joseph Turner, wheelwright; Sam- uel Talmage, doctor: Michael Tarry, Daniel Ulam, Aaron Wear, Hugh Wear, George Wear, wheelwright; Joseph Wear, Abraham Wear, AVilliam Wallace, Samuel Wallace, tailor; James Williams, Catherine Wolf, tavern-keep- er ; James Wilson, Hugh Wiley, cooper ; John Wiley, miller; Adam Walker. The population of Black Lick township at each census from 1850 to 1890 has been : 2043, 1130, 1016, 798 and 924. Burrell Toicnship is in the Blairsville basin and lies between the Chestnut Ridge axis on the east and the Indiana axis on the west. About one-third of the eastern part of the townshi|> lies in the Lower Coal measures, while the remainder is situated in the Lower Barren measures, which carries the Upper Freeport coal. A small area of tiie Pittsburgh Coal-bed extends north from Blairsville towards Black Lick creek, while in the extreme south- east the Mauch Chunk Red Shale, XI, Pocono Sandstone, X, and Catskill formation, IX, crosses the township. In the northeastern part the Red Shale again appears. The fire-clay deposit of Burrell township has acquired some commercial celebrity, and justly so, because the clay when carefully selected, and the two varieties properly mixed, produces a brick of liigh refractory power. It exists in great abundance, is easily mined and is favor- ably situated; moreover, it loses nothing in thickness or in character in ascending the stream, remaining in all respects even and reg- ular. It has been traced as far up the creek as Berry's house, where it has been worked, but beyond this point, aside from its outcrop, it is not known, having hitherto been overlooked in the explorations on Dr. Simpson's property. TJie plastic day immediately underlying the coal is not worked, sufficient clay of this variety and of better quality being obtainable just be- low the band of hard clay, an interval of about one foot separating the two deposits. This deposit of fire-clay resting immediately on top of Formation XII is one that is widely outspread in the bituminous coal regions. It is this clay that is worked by -Mr. Hawes, at Mineral Point, in Cambria county, aud it is likewise this deposit that supplies the brick- works along the line of the Tyrone and Clear- field R. R., in Clearfield county. Burrell township was formed, in 1853, from Black Lick, and was named in honor of Judge J. M. Burrell. The township has a very irreg- ular boundary', as may be seen from the map. The surface is an alternation of hill aud dale, grove and meadow, wiiich is divided into farms, most of which are highly productive. The minerals are coal, iron ore, fire-clay and stone- ware clay, and limestone. The surrounding hills are teeming with bituminous coal, large ([uantities of which are mined and shipped east. Chestnut ridge, extending from Westmoreland county into the eastern portion of this town- ship, is cut at this point by the Conemaugh river, w^hich separates Indiana aud Westmore- land counties, leaving "Pack Saddle" upon the left bank, and "Oakes Point," which is an ele- vation of about 1200 feet above the river, upon the right bank. This eminence affords one of the finest views in all the country around. The bank of the river about half a mile above Blairsville, is very high and precipitous, and is known ;is the "Alum Bank." There is here an upright wall of nature's own masonry, in some places fifty or sixty feet high, and below 254 BIOGRAPHIES OF this, an abrupt descent of about one hundred feet, to the water's edge, covered with forest trees. This cliif is a mile or more iu length, i Several veins of iron ore and coal have been opened upon its face. There is also an exten- sive vein of fire-clay, and an alum deposit. The population of Burrell township at each decennial census from 1860 to 1890 has been : 1251, 1374, 1770 and 1450. "Among the manufacturing interests of In- diana county the Black Lick Manufacturing company, of Burrell township, de.serves especial mention. Its works are located about seven miles north of ' Black Lick Intersection,' on the Indiana branch of the West Penn railroad, one and one-quarter miles east of Black Lick station, and connected with the station by a tram railway. They were erected in 1869 for the purpose of making fire-brick and tile. The firm was composed of E. Roliinson, C. Hadley and F. McKinter. The works at this time consisted of a clay-mill driven by an engine of thirty-five horse- power, and a yard capacity of four thousand brick per day, with two kilns of each thirty thousand capacity. In May, 1872, Ml-. Robinson .sold his interest to J. M. Guth- rie, of Indiana, and in July of the same vear E. \V. Giddings and E. J. Mildren, of Johnsr town, Cambria county, bought the establish- ment. They immediately doubled the size of the yard, also the capacity, by running day and night. In November, 1873, Mr. Mildren, the present proprietor, purchased the interest of Mr. Giddings, and in addition to the manufac- ture of brick and tile, commenced making ' Bessemer Tuyers,' on what is known as the 'Ostrander machine.' In 1874 Mr. Mildren added another clay-mill driven by a twenty- five h'or.se-power engine, and a powerful steam ' Tuyer machine.' In connection with fire-brick he manufactures nozzle-.stoppers, chimney-tops, fire-clay dust, gas-retorts aud settings. In 1875 the two old kilns were removed aud two crown-kilns were built, with a capacity of forty-five thousand each. At these works are employed upwards of one hundred men and boys." mieatfield township was formed in 1779, and at one time embraced all of what is now Indi- ana county, .south of the purchase line. Old Wheatfield might well be called the mother of the county, for within her limits the early set- tlements began, and sixteen townships are now embraced within what were once her original boundaries. In 1859 AVheatfield was divided into East and West Wheatfield townships. The name is .said to have been derived from the " barrens," or places destitute of timber, afford- ing a good soil for wheat, hence the " wheat fields." The first settler was undoubtedly George Findley, who had come to the Pumroy and Wilson settlement in 1764, and in the following year had " tomahawked " a tract of land iu what is now East Wheatfield township, and his home was spoken of. May 29, 1769, as the " Findley cabbins," in some application warrants of that year. There were many early settlers whose graves were .scattered in out-of-the way places through the township, of whom no ac- count is given, save that they were pioneers. William Clark was prominently mentioned among the pioneers. His improvement was not surveyed till June 22, 1776, and is described as situated on the " path between Conemaugh and Black Lick, adjoining George Findley, and including AVipey's cabbin." Shoupstown was laid out about 1807, by Henry Shoup, on the old Frankstown road. It was situated on the hill opposite the present residence of John Schrock. At one time it boasted of a store and a half-dozen cabins. The [)ike's erection gave it a death-blow, and there is not to day a single vestige of its existence left on the hill to tell the story of its downfall. The first grist-mill in the town.ship was the William Bracken mill, erected about 1772 to 1774, as it is mentioned in the surveys of 1772 INDIANA COUNTY. 255 -74, and called the " Bracken mill." This was situated on a run which flows into Black Lick. During that stormy period, although deserted for several years, and many buildings in this section were destroyed, it escaped all damages, save that from Time's ruthless hand, and upon the return of Bracken was again put in order, and did a large amount of work for the new-comers who arrived after the war. The Bracken mill was succeeded by the William Clark mill, a better arranged mill than its predecessor. The present saw-mill of David Tomb is the third mill that has occupied its site. The next grist- mill was the George Fiudley mill, on Laurel run. The first was erected in 1784-85, and was a small, rude log mill, using a ten-foot undershot wheel, and had only one run of stones. The second was worn out in 1817, and was then using a breast wheel, and it too had only one run of stones. The third was erected in 1817, and had two run of stones, and used an overshot wheel, sixfeen feet in diameter. The Isaac Rogers mill was erected by Robert Work, a noted wheelwright, about 1 784-85, on the Con- emaugh. It was the only "dry weather" mill in this section, and was resorted to by the peo- ple living distant eveu forty miles. It was the most noted of all the early mills, and when its mates were prostrate with drought, it went on its way merrily grinding night and day. Old settlers speak of camping near it, and waitiug even three or four days for the chance to get their grist. The present mill is the fourth on its site. "Among those who are known to have first settled along that part of the Conemaugh river which bounds West Wheatfield township on the south, were James Clark, " Billy " Woods, David Inyard, William Bennet, Archibald McGuire, Ben Sutton, Neil Dougherty, David Lackens and James Galbraith. On and near " Tub- mill " creek there were the ancestors of the numerous families of Bradys now living in the northern part of Indiana county. It is claimed to have been the home, for many years, of the great Indian hunter. Captain Samuel Brady. " William P. Brady, after the disposal of his property, together with " Big Joe " Brady, " Little Joe " Brady, " Big Peggy " Brady, John Brady, and numerous Hughs, Sams and Jims, becoming disgusted (as did also Ben Sut- ton, Billy Woods, Davy Inyard, William Ben- nett, Sr., William Bennett, Jr., and others too numerous to mention) with the scarcity of bears, wolves, panthera, etc., as well as Indians left in search of homes more prolific of their accus- tomed surroundings. Some went to the north part of this county and others migrated to west- ern Virginia and the Ohio coimti-y, where Cup- tain Samuel Brady achieved the most exciting exploits ever recorded in the history of Indian warfare." We give the following list of the taxable in- habitants of Wheatfield township, Indiana county, which was returned for 1 807 : Henry Auberts, innkeeper; James Anderson, distiller; Valentine Amsbough, Adam Ams- bough, Henry Amsbough, Thomas Askins, John Armstrong. William Alexander, Thomas Bracken, Sr., Samuel Bratteu, John Bruce, cab- inet-maker ; Frederick Brantlinger, Alexander Barr, Jr., innkeeper ; Archibald Beckwith, Thomas Bracken, Jr., Ruth Bracken, widow ; John Bowler, George Bowler, Jacob Bowser, Mary Boner, widow ; John Bennett, shoemaker ; George Bowers, Nathaniel Bryan, Jr., Henry Bowers, John Bowers, Thomas Barr, Francis Boals, William Boals, David Boals, David Campbell, blacksmith ; Alexander Carnahan, cooper; Samuel Carnahan, James Campbell, shoemaker; James Campbell, James Crawford, Moses Crawford, Alexander Campbell, Samuel Cochran, John Campbell, Elizabeth Carney, widow; Thomas Clarke, William Clarke, Jr., Ruth Clarke, spinster; Findley Can^eron, Dan- iel Cameron, Hugh Cameron, Andrew Camp- bell, Mark Campbell, William Clarke, Esq., Robert Craig, William Campbell, Andrew 256 BIOORAPHIES OF Campbell, Jr., John Crisswell, Francis Chap- man, Thomas Craven, John Carney, Jacob Craig, weaver ; John Craven, John Coleman, shoemaker ; James Campbell, stonecutter ; Mary Dempsey, widow ; Chris. Dumars, shoemaker ; Peter Dike, blacksmith ; John Davis, Joseph Davis, William Davis, Matthew Dill, Sr., Mat- thew Dill, Jr., wheelwright ; Richard Dill, Thomas Dias, Sr., Richard Dias, Robert Davis, tobacconist ; John Davis, Nathaniel Davis, James Dunwoody, Isaac Dicker, Job Dicker, William Erwiu, innkeeper ; John Ekler, George Empfield, millwright; Jacob Empiield, millwright ; Joseph Evans, Hugh Evans, Rob- ert Elkins, John Evans, John Ewings, Eliza- beth Faloon, widow ; George Finley, James Finley, Isabella Ferrier, widow ; Andrew Fee, John Fink, carpenter ; Joiin Fleaker, car- penter ; William Fowler, Lawrence Fox, Wil- liam Ferguson, Jr., William Ferguson, Sr., James Grimes, Sr., innkeeper; Joseph Grimes, William Grimes, Jr., Allen Grimes, John Grimes, William Grimes, Sr., Isaac Griffith, William Gamble, George Glassford, Sr., George Glassford, Jr., Alex. Glassford, Leon- ard Gooshoru, blacksmith ; John Grimes, Sr., James Grimes, Jr., Charles Gibson, Hugh Junkins, mason ; Robert Hill, John Hopkins, Henry Heis, George Heis, William Heis, Thomas Hull, Barbara Heater, widow; Rob- ert Holmas, tailor ; William Johnston, Sr., William Johnston, Jr., Mary Johnston, widow; Archibald Jarae.son, Sr., blacksmith ; Archibald Jame.son, Jr., Allen Jameson, Sr., William Jameson, John Jameson, Allen Jameson, Jr., shoemaker ; Alexander Jameson, David Jen- kins, John Jones, mason ; David Kennedy, weaver; William Kennedy, Thomas Laps- ley, Mary Lapsley, widow ; Francis Lath- ers, Robert Liggett, Elizabeth Likens, widow ; Samuel Logan, weaver ; James Longstreth, William Lee, James Luke, Archibald Louth- ers, William McBroom, weaver ; Henry Mc- Broom, Robert McBroom, carpenter; James McLean, Robert Muck, Joseph McDonald, Archibald McCochran, tailor ; James McCocli- ' ran, Robert Marshall, tanner ; Archibald Mat- thews, distiller; William Mayben, George Mc- Garrow, David McKown, Robert Maffet, Rob- ert Michael, distiller; William Murphy, Pat- rick McCoru)ick, James McDonald, James Mc- Nitt, Joseph McCartney, Sr., treasurer ; Joseph McCartney, Jr., John McCartney, John Mecuue, Sr., John Mecune, Jr., John McDowell, Neal Manamau, George McEutire, distiller ; John ( McCarland, weaver; Samuel Parker, cabinet- maker; William Parker, cabinet-maker; Hugh Parker, Frederick Persian, John Patterson, Thomas Patterson, Joseph Patterson, Samuel Patterson, Archibald Patterson, William Patter- son, Benjamin Pitman, Joseph Pitman, Thomas Pettigrew, David Reed, Esq., Aaron Robinson, Isaac Rodgers, miller ; Robert Rodgers, Daniel Reynolds, Adam Ritchie, iVEatthew Rhea, Aaron Rose, Philip Smires, Hugh St. Clair, James Shaw, Robert Sutton, Adam SideS, Thomas Sanderson, Esq., Samuel Stevens, Benjamin Stevens, John Stillwell, Shedrick Stevens, Dan- iel Sleppey, Thomas Selfridge, Christopher Stinemen, James Strong, weaver ; John Thorn, David Tomb, constable ; Henry Taylor, George Turner, Henry Treece, Alexander Tilford, Jesse Talkington, Thomas Taylor, David \¥akefield, wlieelwright ; James Wakefield, Thomas Wakefield, Robert Wakefield, Ephraim Wallace, Robert Wallace, John Wallace, Rich- ard Wilson, speculator; Andrew Wilkins, Alex- ander Wilson, Joseph Wilson, weaver ; Richard Williams, Robert Wier, William Wilson, dis- tiller ; Archibald Woodsides, Henry ^yyke, John Wolf, Jeremiah Wakefield. In 1859 Wheatfield township was divided into East and West Wheatfield townships. East Wheatfield town.ship lies between the Nolo and the Laurel Hill axis, while the larger part of West Wheatfield township is between the Nolo and the Chestnut Ridge axis. The southeastern part of East Wheatfield and the northern and INDIANA COUNTY. 257 western parts of West Wheatfielcl are in the Lower Coal measures. The Pennsylvania geological report of 1880 gives the following description of both town- ships : Between the Conemaugh river and Black Lick creek, in the Ligonier Basin, ranges a belt of smooth high land, the surface of which, deeply gashed in places by ravines extending north and south, is composed of Ijower Bari-cu rocks, excepting along the flanks of Laurel hill and Chestnut ridge. The region so in- cluded embraces the Wheatfield townships, a name at once suggestive of deep fertile soils, which are the product of the disintegration of the prevailing surface rocks. Through the centre of these townships and along the highest land runs tlie Indiana and Cambria turnpike, which, from Mr. Clark's house on the east slope of Ciicstnut ridge, to the Ling property east of Armagh, traverses Lower Barren rocks. At one point, namely, at the Stone House between Armagh and Ling's, the road is nearly four hundred feet al)Ove the Upper Freeport coal bed. The course of Black Lick, though not exactly parallel to the Conemaugh, is yet in effect the same, both streams flowing generally west and northwest across the basin. But | in spite of the similarity in the direction of the two sti'eams, the geology displayed along Black Lick differs in many respects from that \ along the Conemaugh. Precisely the same ; rocks compose both valleys; the difference i in tide water level between the surfaces of the j two .streams is everywhere trifling in this basin ; yet certain points along Black Ijick correspond- | ing in position to the shallowest parts (geologi- cally) of the Conemaugh Valley are the deepest along the first named stream, while certain other points among the deepest on the Conemaugh correspond in position to the shallowest parts of Black Lick. To verify this statement, the reader has only to compare the geology at Baker's furnace with that exhibited at the old Black Ijick furuac*, the latter being scarcely more than three miles northeast of the former, and along the strike of the rocks. Under such circumstances one would naturally expect to see the conditions of the one place repeated at the other; but so great is the fall of the Laurel Hill anticlinal in this distance of three miles, a fall, moreover, participated in by the rocks at the base of the mountain, that a difference of uearly four hundred feet exists between the geological horizons of the two places, and in- stead of the Conglomerate and Lower Product- ive hillsides, prevailing at Baker furnace, we find at the old Black Lick furnace Barren Measure slopes two hundred and fifty feet in height; near the base of these slopes is the Black fossiliferous limestone, itself two hundred feet above the highest coal of the Lower Pro- ductive measures. This explains the absence of workable coal beds above \^■at('r level in the region of Black Lick furnace, and why it is that all efforts to find sucii in the interval be- tween the old furnace and Dilltown, either on the hills extending southwest towards the pike, or northeast into Buffingtou township, have been and must be unavailing. Again, to compare the country between Cen- treville and Lockport with that between the old Buena Vista furnace and the month of Brush creek on the Black Lick is to discover that of the Lower Barrearocks, of which the hills are entirely composed alTthe first named locality, scarcely a vestige remains on the creek, and what is there left of them is forced to the very highest land, thus giving place to the Lower Productive Coal measures, and even to the Conglomerate of XII. Instead, therefore, of the smooth arable slopes at Centreville, steep rugged hillsides prevail at the Buena Vista furnace, and the country ha.s remained a wilder- ness, excepting along the uplands, which are covered by Lower Barren rocks. This last change in the geology has no imrae- 258 BIOGRAPHIES OF diate connection with Laurel Hill, but has been | effected by the Nolo anticlinal, the sub-anticlinal axis of the Ligonier Basin, an axis whose force, gradually weakening southward, was nearly exhausted before reaching the Conemaugh, and, in consequence, was there unable to push the lower rocks upwards to the same level that they are found on Black Lick, along which waters the anticlinal exercises a potent influence, and is one of the main features of the valley. The section of Lower Barrens exposed along Black Lick between the Cambria county line and Dilltown embraces over four hundred feet of rocks, in which are included three small coal beds and sevei-al limestone layers. Besides these, there is a band of carbonate iron ore, which ranges near the top of the section, and which is known generally by the local name of the " Black Lick ore." This ore stiatura was at one time extensively worked, supplying not , only the Black Lick furnace with material for j smeltino- but also the Buena A'^ista furnace below Dilltown, and even the Baker furnace on the Conemaugh. The Morgautown sandstone is the highest rock (geologically) in this valley; \ it leaves the basin at Dilltown, being forced into the air liy the Nolo anticlinal, but it ex- tends southwest from the creek along the centre of the basin, and is consjiicuous on the Cambria pike, near the Stone House east of Armagh. It is a heavy, compact rock, often conglomeritic and at least fifty feet thick. Though the Lower Productive Coal measures outcrop at the eastern end of the valley, in the ravines at the base of Laurel hill, these rocks can be studied to better advantage, because more frequently exposed, at the western end of the trough, namely at Heshbon, where all the coals of the Lower Productive series have been developed by the farmers. The coal once mined by Mr. Clark near the headwaters of Laurel run, which is crossed by the Cambria pike at the foot of Laurel hill, came from a bed near the base of the Lower Productive group. The same bed was long afterwards developed to supply the Black Lick furnace with fuel. It is said to exist as a double seam parted by a thick band of soft clay ; the upper bench, however, is now all that is visible at the old works. It measures four feet thick and is overlaid by a heavy mass of black slates. These conditions would indicate the presence of bed B at this place. On the unexplored hillside rising westward above the mine come in all the higher coals of the Lower Productive series. Advancing iu the direction of the dip, the uppermost coal of the group appears on Mr. Ling's farm, where it ha-s been explored, measuring 3J feet thick. Still further west, the Lower Barrens make up the country rock. It was shown in the Report of Progress for 1875 that the Lower Productive Coal measures are above water level at the old Ritter furnace, which stands at the forks of Black Lick, on the dividing line between Indiana and Cambria counties. It was further stated in that report that the iron ore band once worked at the forks of the creek, for the supply of Ritter furnace is at the top of the Lower Productive Coal measures. The .stratum must not, however, be confounded with- the " Black Lick ore " of the Black Lick furnace resrion. After crossing the Indiana county line Black Lick flows a nearly due west cour.se for about a mile, and the Lower Productive rocks disappear under the creek bed. Bending then to the southwest it runs along the strike of the rocks to Black Lick furnace, the geology of the valley in this distance undergoing little change. Below the furnace, at which point the synclinal axis crosses the valley, the creek flows west and northwest to Dilltown, the rocks rising in the .same direction towards the Nolo anticlinal. This forces the Lower Barrens above water level and Lower Productive rocks appear below Dilltown. The Lower Barren rocks have been thorough- INDIANA COUNTY. 259 ly explored on the Kern property below the j Black Lick furnace, and again on the Stevens farm near Dilltown. | Mr. Kern has failed to discover a single workable bed of coal above water level on his farm, and it is unlikely that a bed of minable dimensions exists there. Several seams have been found at various intervals, but none exceed one foot in thickness. This, moreover, is the size of the Elk Lick bed, for which, however, on the Stevens farm a thickness of thi'ce feet is claimed. The lower coals of the section have been mined at Dilltown on both sides of the creek, but these are below water level on the Kern farm. The black fossiliferous limestone has been finely exposed by Mr. Kern, together with a smaller but much purer stratum which occurs about seventy feet higher in the measures. The "Black Lick ore" was benched on nearly every hillside close to the furnace. It ranges as a persistent deposit, varying from six inches to two feet in thickness ; resting in shale it can be cheaply mined, and a sufficient amount of ore was easily obtained near at hand, for the supply of the small furnaces once dependent upon it for support. The ore is rather coarse grained, of a bluish cast, and to all appearances rich in iron. Advancing to Dilltown, the lowest Barren Measure coals as yet explored in this region are visible at the grist-mill on the Stevens property. These coals, measuring respectively two and three feet tiiick, and separated by thirty feet of rock, have been mined by Mr. Stevens, and have further been explored on the J. Tomb property to the south of the Dilltown bridge. The black fossiliferous limestone has been exposed on the Stevens' hill, as also the Black Lick ore, the latter stratum appearing near the top of the hill, and measuring, according to Mr. Stevens, two feet thick. A test hole for oil was drilled some years ago to a depth of nearly 1,200 feet below the level Itj of the creek at Dilltown bridge. The record of this drilling, which started at the top of the Lower Productive Coal measures, and exteudetl downward nearly, if not quite, to the base of No. X, is no longer obtainable. The northwest rise of the rocks brings the Upper Freeport coal (bed E) to daylight about one-half mile below Dilltown, whence to Heshbon the outcrop line of this coal follows along both sides of the creek. It runs np all the small ravines, which widen into the Black Lick Valley; and it preserves an unbroken line across the Nolo anticlinal, shooting out finally into the air on the flank of Chestnut ridge. Dill mine. The bed is exposed on several farms below Dilltown. It .shows on both sides of the creek at McCartney's mill, being here quite extensively developed on the north bank of the stream by Mr. J. C. Dill. Still further west a bed of coal, similar in appearance and dimensions to the above, is mined on the D. Killcn farm. This is also most likely the Upper Freeport bed, which, at the Killen mine, is 160 feet above the creek level. About one-half mile below Armagh a bed of coal and slate four feet thick was opened at the level of tlie run on the A. Campbell farm. Thirty feet higher in the measures there is another coal seam 3 feet thick. Neither of these beds correspond with that mined by Mr. Killen, although the mines are nearly on a level, and along the .strike of the rocks. The rapid rise of the Nolo anticlinal to the north- east sufficiently explains the difference in the horizons, the coals at Mr. Campbell's corre- sponding doubtle-ss with the beds (Philsou and Coleman) once worked by Mr. Stevens at the grist-mill near Dilltown. Buena Vista furnace stood on the right bank of Black Lick, about one-half mile below the mouth of the Armagh run. The ore supply at this place seems to have been inconstant and 2G0 BIOGRAPHIES OF irregular, and the furnace was long ago aban- doned on account of ill success. The Lower Productive rocks make up the hillsides bordering the creek at the furnace, the Conglomerate of XII also rising above water level for a short distance at the centre of the Nolo anticlinal, which crosses Black Lick be- tween the furnace and the mouth of Brush creek, the country between being an unexplored wilderness, from which the valuable timber has in large part been cut. In the vicinity of Heshbou, one mile and a half below the mouth of Brush creek, the entire Lower Productive group is above water level. Three coal beds only of this series have been developed to any extent at Heshbon, these being the three lowest seams of the section. The Johnstown Cement bed has a long line of outcrop at Heslibon ; and, existing here as a good limestone upwards of five feet thick, it furnishes the farmer with abundance of fertili- zer. Hitherto little attention has been paid to the deposit, but recently active steps have been ' taken to explore the limestone and to make practical use of it. The dominating rock of the Lower Productive measures at Heshbon is sand- stone. The Lower Productive Coal measures at Heshbon are a trifle over three hundred feet thick. They include in the aggregate about the same amount of coal as at Bolivar, altiiough neither Bed E nor Bed B is so thick on the Black Lick as on the Conemaugh. But Beds A and C fully make up the difference, these coals at Heshbon being more than double their dimensions at Bolivar. The Conglomerate of XII is divided into three membei-s along Black Lick, and in this respect corresponds with its condition on the Conemaugh. It measures at least seventy-five feet from top to base, its full thickness being, perhaps, slightly in excess of that figure. Its lowest memljer rises above the creek below the grist-mill, and is a compact, heavy, coarse- grained sandstone. The Piedmont sandstone, the top layer of the deposit, is partially ex- posed on Mr. Hoskinson's land, between the mill-dam and the village, the rock there skirt- ing the water in a vertical cliff twenty feet high. It is fine-grained, of a greenish color, and much current- bedded. Between this sand- stone and the lowest member of the XII oc- curs an interval of concealed rock, which out- crops in the bank at the mill, and there fills a space twenty-five feet high. Bed A, The lowest workable coal bed of tiie Lower Productive series here comes in almost immediately on top of the Piedmont sandstone. The coal-bed is exposed on Mr. Hoskinson's land, and measures four feet thick. Sandy shales and sandstone fill the interval to bed A', which occurs sixty- eight feet higher in the measui'es. This is the small coal seam that outcrops in the bed of the run on the A. Campbell farm to the south of the village. It is only one foot thick. Bed B. Continuing upwards in the column, thirty feet of shales and sandy clay bring us to bed B, which, though onl}- three feet thick, has nevertheless been quite frequently explored by the neighboring farmers. Three coal beds of the Lower Productive series are of workable thickness at Lockport, and together aggregate fifteen feet of coal. These beds are E, D', and B ; coals D and C being of little importance in this vicinity. Lime- stone al)ounds in the hills, the Lower Productive series containing alone as much as seventeen feet of this kind of rock, while the portion of the Lower Barren group present in the hills above Lockport hold nearly as much more. Some of these limestone layers have been developed close to Lockport, and used for fertilizing, but as yet little attention has been paid to them. The developments of Bolivar, a small village at the eastern end of Packsaddle gap, and about one mile below Lockport, are chiefly confined to the fireclay bands, one of which is a member INDIANA COUNTY. 261 of the Freeport group of rocks, and the other underlies coal bed A, at the base of the Lower Productive Coal measures, this whole series being above water level in the hills at Bolivar. Several clay works have been established at this village on the fii-eclay deposits, the clay being good, abundant, and close at hand, while the bricks and retorts made from it are highly esteemetl. Moreover, the cla}' woi'ks at Lock- port derive their supply of clay almost entirely from the Bolivar hills, the plastic variety being underneath the river bed at Lockport, while the Freeport deposit is there, thin and worth- less. The fireclay belonging to the Freeport group, is from 15 to 20 feet below bed E. It is con- veniently situated for mining, and has been worked on nearly all the hills close to the vil- lage. The deposit is very variable in thick- ness, varying from 3 to 8 feet in height, and yields a smooth even clay quite free from im- purities. It is overlaid by shale and rests upon a similar rock. The principal towns of East Wlieatfield township are Armagh, the second town founded in the county; Nineveh and New M'^ashington. The population of the township from 18(30 to 1890 at each U. S. census has been: 1420, 1104, 937 and 775. The principal town of West Wheatfield is Ceutreville, on the Cone- maugh, which was founded by \yilliam Log- gett in 1828 on land on which Ephraim Wal- lace had settled in 1800. The township also contains Clyde, a village of 50 inhabitants. The population of West Wheatfield township at each census from 1860 to 1890 has been: 1408, 1318, 1359 and 1G99. Armagh, in East Wheatfield township, "the second and the oldest of all the existing towns in the county (Newport being the first), was founded in September, 1792, by Margaret Jane Graham, the wife of James Graham. The first settlers were a portion of a ship-load of emigrrants from Ireland, most of them being from the counties Armagh and An- trim, Avho arrived in America on the 21st of July, 1792. They located in western Peim- sylvania, eight families arriving on the present site of Armagh in the early portion of August oftiiatycar. These eight families were from an A&sociate Reformed church, in the county Armagh, and were composed of James Graham, Margaret J., his wife, and four children by a former husband ; a Mr. Parker, David TomI) (a brotlier of Mrs. Graiiam), wife, ou<^ child and a sister, Mary Tomb; .James Anderson and wife; A. Fee, wife and one child, Elizabeth; Alexander Carnahan, wife and four children; James Leslie and wife; James Luke and wife; and Hugh .Junkins and wife. The site of Armagh was partially covered with a thin and scrubby growth of oaks, and was like in ap- pearance to an old field on a hill. Armagh, Armaghada, in the Irish dialect, means a field on a hill, hence its name." BIOGRAPHICAL. HON. JEREMIAH MURRY BURRELL, in honor of whom a township in each of the counties of Indiana, Armstrong and West- moreland was named, was tiie third president judge of the courts of Indiana county. "Jeremiah M. Burrcll was born at Murrys- ville, Westmoreland county, Pa., September 1, 1815. He was the .son of Dr. Benjamin Bur- rell, who came from an eastern county and settled at Murrysville in the practice of his profession, and in 1814 married Sarah Murry, daughter of Jeremiah Murry, lOsq., a merchant and large landholder. Jeremiali wa.s the only child of this marriage, and after receiving such elementary education as the village school af- forded, entered a classical school taught by a Rev. Mr. Gill, about three miles from his native village, and in which he studied Latin and the 262 BIOGRAPHIES OF mathematics, and prepared for entering college. After a full course of collegiate training at Jef- ferson Cc)llege, Cannonsburg, Washington county, Pa., he graduated with honor. His father having died, and young Burrell having decided to enter into the legal profession, his mother removed to Greensburg, where he en- tered the office of Richard Coulter, afterwards a judge of the Supreme Court of the State, and after the due course of reading was admitted to the bar, and rapidly made progress into a good practice, which became a large one. He pos- sessed splendid powers of oratory, which im- pressed his audiences in the very beginning of his careei'. While studying law he had stumped the county as a democratic politician, com- manding great admiration, and making count- less profitable acquaintanceships, which served him wlien he entered upon professional practice. He conducted the practice of the law with a.ssiduity, faithfulness, and constantly increasing success for some years. " Some time about 1839 he bought the Penn- sylvania Argus, and became its editor. In the hot political campaign of 1840 he established his name as a writer of high ability, and made a State reputation for the paper. Some of his articles on political topics were copied in otiier papers all over the Union. Horace Greeley in the Log Cabin, on the side of the opposition, took issue with some of the articles, and gave them still wider circulation by replying to them in the fulminating style which later made him one of the most celebrated political jour- nalists of the age. In the campaign of 1844 ; he was one of the most efficient speakers and writers in the State in behalf of Colonel Polk, his political friends pitting him against such men as Thomas Williams, who was afterwards } selected by Congress to deliver the eulogium upon Abraham Lincoln. He was subsequently elected to the State Assembly. Here he soon j distinguished himself, and there was a heated rivalry between him and Thomas Burnside, Jr., a son of Judge Burnside of the Supreme Court, and a son-in-law of Simon Cameron, then a democi-at, for the position of leader of the : Democratic party in the House. In this com- ' petition Burrell was victorious, and it is admit- I ted by both friends and political opponents that lie was the ablest partisan and the most eminent orator in the Pennsylvania Legislature. "In 1847 he was appointed judge of the Tenth Judicial District of Pennsylvania, and in February, 1852, took his seat as judge of the same court under election (as elsewhere stated in detail), and held the post till 1855, when he was appointed by President Pierce judge of the Territorial District of Kansas. Leaving his family in Greensburg, he went to Kansas and entered upon his professional duties in a time of great excitement over the slavery question. Judge Burrell entertained what was known as Douglass' ' Squatter Sovereignty ' policy in re- gard to that territory, and which involved the proposition of the right of citizens of any State to take with them into the territories south of the Missouri Compromise line, without interfer- ance or opposition by others, whatever was regarded as property in their own State. If this policy was a mistaken one, it must be remembered that it was entertained by many able statesmen of the times, which were those of great political distress in the land, when no man was found wise and prophetic enctugh to foresee what one of the several conflicting propo- sitions or policies of that day would prove the best or most expedient for the country, or be, all things considered, actually the most just. Judge Burrell's instincts and education in- clined him to refined consideration for the rights of all men, and nothing but a supreme reverence for tiie Constitution of his country could have allured him to lose sight for the moment of the great question of positive and equal justice to and among all races of men. " Suffering from malarial fever in Kansas, Judge Burrell returned to Greensburg in 1856, INDIANA COUNTY. 263 and after a sickness of some months' duration, died at his home, surrounded by his family, on the 21st day of October of that year. " He married Miss Ann Elizabeth Richard- son, daughter of William H. and Henrietta D. (Hubley) Richardson, of Greensburg. Of this union were six children, — Sarah M., William Richardson, deceased ; Henrietta H., BLiijamiu, Mary R. and Jeremiah M." " n EN. CHARLES CAMPBELL, of Black ^ Lick township, was of Scotch-Irish parentage, and a native of the Conecocheague Valley. He migrated to what was afterward known as Campbell's mills, in this township, about 1772. The data at our command are so meagre that adequate justice cannot be done to his memory. A scant record exists of his captivity among the Indians and British. The positions of trust and responsibility which he held in the county and on the frontier indicate in some de- gree the estimation in which he was held by the citizens and State authorities. He died in 1828, at the age of eighty-two. For mauy years he was an elder in Bethel Presbyterian church. His connection with the militia of the county and district was both honorable and effective. He died as he lived, respected by ail who know him. His first wife was Margaret Clark, and his second was Mrs. Elizabeth Ram- sey. The children were: Barbara, Michael, Rebecca, Sarah, Mary, Jane, James, ^largaret, Fennwell, Eliza, Charles and Thomas. "Mrs. Mary (Cummins) Campbell has several tea-spoons over one hundred years old, that were used by Gen. Campbell. Matilda, daugh- ter of the late Charles Campbell, has Gen. Camp- bell's gold watch ; this is an unique specimen old mechanism. It is marked ' M. and A. No. 5106.'" RICHARD W. H. DAVIS, a pioneer in the field of brick-making machinery, is des- tined soon to be widely known as an inventor through his valuable machine for pressing brick, which is l)eing rapidly and successfully intro- duced throughout the coiuitry. He was born at Brady's Bend, Armstrong county, Pennsyl- vania, Ajtril 28, 1851, and is a son of Richard and Alice (Williams) Davis. His parents were natives of Wales and came to Brady's Bend in 1840. Richard Davis was a cabinet-maker by trade, but after arriving at Brady's Bend was employed, for eight years, as a furnace mauager liy the Brady's Bend Iron company. In 1849 he went to the then new discovered : gold fields of California, where not meeting with the degree of success which he anticipated, he embarked for Australia. Landing in that great island-continent, he was variously em- ployed until 1854, when he was drowned in crossing a river and liis body was never re- covered. His widow survived him until 1876, when she passed away. j Richard W. H. Davis received his education in the common schools of Brady's Bend town- ship and a college of Alliance, Ohio. Leaving college, he was engaged as a clerk in a mercan- tile house at Alliance, in which he remained for twelve years. In January, 1887, he came to Indiana county, where he was employed as general manager of the Black Lick Manufactur- ing company, which position he has held ever since. In February, 1890, he was elected justice of the peace and has already in the rightful en- forcement of the laws become a terror to evil- i doers. At Alliance, Ohio, in 1874, he united in marriage with Louisa Slialfcr. They have two children living: Howard and Stella. In politics, Mr. Davis is a republican. He is a member of the Masonic fraternity and is a cousin of Capt. Jones, the great inventor, of Braddock, Pa., who was realizing $75,000 per year out of his inventions at the time of his 2n4 BIOGRAPHIES OF tleath. Mr. Davis has given some time and at- tention to the consideration of useful inven- tions, and has succeeded in pei'fecting a machine for pressing brick which is a great labor-saving invention. On November, 1889, a patent (No. 328,899) was issued to him for this machine, which, on account of its excellent work and its great saving of time and labor, is destined to soon become an indispensable adjunct to every first-class brick-making establisliment in the United States. This machine has been severely and successfully tested and has re- ceived merited commendation after each and every trial. The man who has felled a forest or has tilled a field has not lived in vain, yet often a comparatively simple invention repre- sents all the possible labor of many life-times. The machine invented by Mr. Davis for press- ing brick will perform the labor of many men, fills a long-felt want in an important industry and will soon come into universal use through- out the United States. JOHN E. KELLY, one of the useful citizens and a prosperous merchant of the progres- sive town of Black Lick, is a son of John and Anna (Evans) Kelly, and was born in Brush Valley township, Indiana county, Pennsyl- vania, April 11, 1841. His paternal grand- father, James Kelly, was a native of Ireland and settled in Centre township at an early day in the history of Indiana county. His maternal grandfather, Hugh Evans, was born in Wales, and, after attaining his majority, came to Penn- sylvania, where he settled in Indiana county. John Kelly (father) was born and reared in Centre township, in which he resided until his death, in 1847. He was a steady and indus- trious farmer, as was his father before him, and married Anna Evans, who was a native of the county. John E. Kelly was reared on a farm and re- ceived three months' schooling. He has made up largely for his lack of educational privi- leges by reading and self-study. He learned the trade of shoemaker at Mechanicsburg, where he established a shop at the expiration of his ap- prenticeship, and was engaged in the shoemak- ing business uutil 1873. In that year he came to Black Lick, where he operated a shoe-shop uutil 1886. In 1880 he embarked in the gen- eral mercantile business, which he has success- fully pursued ever since. He has continually increased his mercantile investment until he now carries a well-selected stock of goods which is worth over three thousand dollars. His trade has rapidly increased since 1880, and he- iu)w does a business of twelve thousand dollars per year. He is a democrat in politics and served, for several years, as constable of Me- chanicsburg. He was commissioned as post- master at Black Lick by President Cleveland, and held that position for some time. He is a member of the Baptist chiu'ch, has always been interested in religious affairs and contributes to the support of his own and other churches. In addition to his store, he owns a valuable house and lot. By untiring industry, fair dealing and good management he has been able to secure a competency. In 1860 Mr. Kelly married Britania Hile- man, of Mechanicsburg. To their union have been born four children, three sons and one daughter: Thomas B., Alonzo B. (born June 1, 1869, and now engaged in the mercantile busi- ness with his father), John E., Jr., and Frances. EDWARD J. MILDREN. The fact that most of the great resources of Indiana county are being developed with home capital, and by citizens of the county, is a matter of gratification to Indianians. One of the leading and most imjjortant indu.stries of Indiana county and Pennsylvania to-day is the manu- focture of fire-brick, and a representative man- ufacturer in that line of business is Edward J. INDIANA COUNTY. 265 Mildreu, the proprietor of the Black Lick Man- ufacturing company. He was born in Sheffiekl, Cornwall eouiity, England, in March, 1837, and is a son of Jacob and Jane (Jennings) Mil- dren. Jacob Mildren was born March 2, 1808, in Cornwall county, England, where, on No- vember 29, 1834, he married Jane Jennings, daughter of Edward Jennings, and in 1848 came to Armstrong county and puichased his j)rcsent farm near Brady's Bend. He has always followed farming and met with good success in that line of business. He is now in the eighty-second year of his age, while his wife has seen her seventy-ninth birthday, and both are in good health. He is a son of Richard Mil- dren (born September 9, 1750), who married Mary Ijory, and whose father (Richard) was a son of Richard Mildren, Sr., whose father (James) was a son of Richard Mildren, who was a very wealthy and influential man in Cornwall county about 1650. Edward J. Mildren was reared on a farm and received his education in the public schools of England and the common schools of Penn- sylvania. At twenty two years of age he was manager for one year of an iron and blast fur- nace owned by the Tennessee Iron and Coal company. Pie then returned to Pennsylvania and went to Cambria county, where he took a contract for hauling ore out of one of the large coal mines of that county. He worked from forty to one hundred mules, and held this con- tract for fourteen years, when he resigned it, in 1873, to succeed the firm of Kinter, Hadlaije & Guthrie, in tlie proprietorship of the Black Lick Manufacturing company. The works are one and one-fourth miles east of Black Lick station, with which they are connected by a tram railway. They were erected in 1860 for the purpose of manufacturing fire-brick and tile. After Mr. Mildren' came in possession he en- larged the yard to twice its original size and increased the capacity of the works. In 1874 he added another clay-mill and a twenty-five horse-power engine. The next year he erected two crown kilns, and since then has been con- tinually enlarging and improving his works. A large machine-shop and a thoroughly-equip- ped foundry have been attached to the works, which arc used exclusively for the manufacture of (ire-brick. Mr. Mildreu employs from one huiulrcd to one hundred and .seventy- five hands, and does over $100,000 worth of business per year. These works are fully equipped with all the latest machinery and apparatus necessary 1 for the prosecution of the business, which is conducted in all of its l)ranches by experienced and skilled workmen. The fire-brick of the { Black Lick Manufacturing company are of the finest quality. They are used for building purposes and in blast furnaces, glass-houses, coke-ovens and iron and steel-works all over this county, and are shipped to Mexico, where they are in great demand for their durability and excellence. The capacity of the works at the present time is forty thousand bricks per week. Mr. Mildren brings to his aid, in con- ducting this enterprise, years of business ex- perience, as well as an intimate knowledge of the wants of his numerous patrons. He is favorably located to secure low freights and to make prompt shipments to every part of the country. The reasonable inducements which he offers to the public have secured him the present extensive patronage which he eu- joys in his line of business. In 1873 he opened his present mercantile establishment, in which he always carries a stock of from five to eight thousand dollars' worth of goods. In 1859 he married Mary Davis, daughter of Richard Davis, formerly of Brady's Bend, Armstrong county. They have one atlopted daughter, Edna, who is the wife of L. H. Shannon. Mrs. ilildren is a member of the Presbyterian church, while Mr. Mildren was reared in the episcopalian faith. Edward J. ^lildren is a republican in poli- tics. In Masonry he has passed through lodge 2fi6 BIOGRAPHIES OF and chapter, and is a Knight Templar. He possesses a high sense of lienor and a marked individual independence, and has always been true to himself and his engagements. He is distinguished for promptness and fearlessness in the discharge of every duty devolving upon him. " "ROBERT EOBINSON, SR., of Cone- -»-*' maugh township, was born in county Antrim (Mahara), Ireland, in the year 1739. In November, 1769, he married Rachel Wier, who was born in the same county in 1738. They, with his father and mother, two brothers, two sistere and brothers-in-law, emigrated to America, landed at Philadelphia in July, 1770, and in a short time moved to Marietta, later going up to Harrisburg with all his family. He was one of the masons who built the .John Harris ' House,' (now Cameron House) Har- risburg. In a short time he, with the balance of his family, moved up to Franklin county, to Conococheague (Conikagig) creek, where he helped to build a mill (now a tub factory). Some time from 1777 to 1778 he, with his family, moved west of the mountains, to 'Big Sewickley,' Westmoreland county. "Soon after 1780 they, with their three sons and two daughters, moved from Sewickley to the north side of the Kiskiminetas river, in Armstrong township, Westmoreland county, near the mouth of Lick Run, on lands called ' York,' in the midst of numerous Indians- While living in that insecure cabin the writer's father got his first schooling, at night. Mr. John McDowell was the teacher. In a short time they made their way north one mile (no roads), put up a building twenty-four by twen- ty-eight feet, two stories high, and used it as a stockade. No windows or doors were there for a time. The second log from the puncheon floor had four feet of it cut out for an entrance. The building is still standing, having been built nearly one hundred years. It is situated on part of the ' York ' lands. The aged parents lived there till 1820, when they went to their sou John's on a visit, half a mile north, on the 'Iconium' lands. Ou Friday, October 31, 1823, she died, in her eighty-fifth year. She was buried in the Robinson river-hill grave- yard. On Thursday, June 23, 1836, he died of palsy, in his ninety-seventh year, and was buried in the same river-hill." ROBERT ROGERS, one of the early 2iioneers of East Wheatfield town- ship, came from county Donegal, Ireland, to the Conococheague Valley, Pennsylvania, and there met George Findley, who had had for a few years an improvement in the Conemaugh Valley, the same as now occupied by George F. Mathews. Together they went to this portion of what is now Indiana county. The date is unknown, but the warrant of the original tract of fifty-seven and one-fourth acres is dated September 29, 1772, and was surveyed October 28, 1774, and was described as situated 'on the north side of Conemaugh, on the path leading to Black Lick, two miles from Robert Gibbs', in Westmoreland county.' Mrs. Martha Rogers, widow of Isaac Rogers, a grandson of Robert, the pioneer, is residing on the original homestead. Robert Rogers' wife was Sarah Kyle, and their only child was Isaac, who died in 1822. Mrs. Martha Rogers has Robert Rogers' old Bible; it was printed at Berwick, England, in 1711. The tract of land upon which Rogers' mill is situated was warranted March 11, 1786, and the survey w-as made September 7, 1786, the number of acres being three hundred and thirty -eight and three- fourths." ALFRED K. STONEBACK. Indiana county's future success is largely based on her rich farming lands, her wealth of tim- INDIANA COUNTY. 267 ber and her immense deposits of coal, iron ore and limestone. Among tiiose who are earnestly engaged in developing her material resources is Alfred K. Stoneback, justice of the peace and a leading real estate agent of Black Lick. He was born at Zieglersville, Montgomery count}', Pennsylvania, November 18, 1863, and is a son of John and Ottillia (Beerer) Stoneback. John Stoneback was born in Montgomery coun- ty in 1834, is a son of David Stoneback, who was a member of the State legislature, from Montgomery county, in 1859-61, and came to Black Lick in 1871. He has always been ac- tively engaged in business pursuits, and at the present time owns several hundred acres of valual^le timber and farming land in this and adjoining counties. He married Ottillia Beerer, daughter of Joseph Beerer, of Montgomery county, a native of France. They are the parents of five children, one son and four daughters. Alfred K. Stoneback was reared in Mont- gomery county and at Black Lick. He at- tended the common schools of Montgomery and Indiana counties, and entered Blairsville acad- emy, where he remained for four years. Leav- ing school, he engaged in his present business of farming and lumbering. He is a democrat, has always taken an active part in politics, and during 1888 served as mercantile appraiser. In 1887 he was elected as justice of the peace of Burrell township for a term of five years, and so far, in the discharge of the duties of his office, has given general satisfaction. In addi- tion to five hundred acres of land which he and his father own in Indiana county, he owns over four hundred acres of choice mineral land in Cambria county. He has bought and sold a great deal of real estate, making a specialty of mineral and timber lands. He has won his way to an honorable place in the ranks of the progressive and successful business men of this part of the State, and is one of the youngest, if not the youngest, justice of the peace in Indi- ana county. POUND FAMILY. The Pound family is one of the oldest and best families in we.'tern Pennsylvania, and is descended from Thomas Pound, of Saxon or Scandinavian parentage, from north Holland or Denmark, who came in 1635, at the age of twenty-one years, from Amsterdam, Holland, to London, England, and from thence to Plym- outh Colony. He and his wife, one of the children who came in the 3Iayjiower in 1620, had among their descendants Adonijah Pound, of Tarrytown, Westchester county, New York, who evidently lost his life in the Revo- lutionary war. Adonijah Pound was married to Hamiah Collier, evidently sister of Sarah (Collier) Harper and Thomas Collier, and a direct descendant of William Collier, a London merchant, who came to Plymouth Colony in 1633, and was assistant governor for thirty years. Adonijah and Hannah (Collier) Pound were the parents of Joseph Pound, a soldier of distinction in the Revolutionary war. Josej)h Pound was born in 1750 and died April 4, 1813. He married Sarah Tichinger, who was born in 1757 and died April 8, 1813. She was a sister of Dr. Thomas Tichinger and Rachel (Tichinger) Collier, wife of Thomas Collier. Joseph and Sarah (Tichinger) Pound were the parents of six children : Stephen, born in 1777, married to Catherine Stiffitch ; Sarah, Hanna, Eunice, wife of John Eggen, Hardin county, Ky. ; Elsie, wife of Thomas IMcIntyrc, Armstrong county. Pa., and Joseph. At the close of the Revolutionary war they came from Basking ridge, ^Morris cotmty. New Jersey, to Derry township, Westmoreland county, Pa., near Salem Presbyterian church, of which they became members, and where their youngest son was born. They finally located on "Tunnell Hill." Joseph Pound was born December 21, 1795, and died October 2, 1881. He was a man of strong character, highly respected and without ■•68 BIOGRAPHIES OF INDIANA COUNTY. a known enemy. In early life he boated salt from the Conemaugh river to Cincinnati, but his distinctive occupation was farming. He was an ardent democrat of the Jacksonian school. Joseph Pound was a member of Salem Presby- terian church for nearly seventy years, and per- sistently declined to ever hold any office in the church. He was married to Mary Drummond, who was born in 1807 and died February 26, 1845. They were the parents of nine children : Joseph, born May 12, 1830; Mary, born Sep- tember 9,1831, died July 16, 1832; Sarah, born May 11, 1833; John D., born December 13, 1834; Ellen, born September 18, 1836,and is the wife of John Drummond ; Hannah, born March 10, 1838; Mary, born December 21, 1839, died January 15, 1889; Stephen G.,born July 25, 1841, and William, born April 6, 1843, died October 19, 1876. Joseph is a suc- cessful farmer of Centre township, Indiana county. Pa. ; he was married first to Jane Rob- bins, daughter of Daniel and Nancy (Reynolds) Robbius; second to Julia Wilson, daughter of Daniel and Letitia (Henderson) Wilson, and third to Ellen Coad, daughter of Henry and Diana (Blackler) Coad. Sarah married Alex- ander McCurdy, son of Alexander H. and Mary (Doty) McCurdy, and among their children are , Rev. Irwin Pound McCurdy, pastor of South- western Presbyterian church of Philadelphia, and Joseph A. McCurdy, a successful lawyer of j Greensbnrg. John D. and Hannah still reside on the old homestead on " Tunnell Hill." John D. is a successful business man and farmer, and Avas a soldier in the war of the Rebellion, in Captain Weaver's comj)any (A), 54th regiment. Pa. Vols. Stephen Collier was a soldier in the ■war of the Rebellion, and served successfully in Capt. H. L. Donnelly's company (G), 135th regiment, Pa. Vols., in Capt. William Seanor's company (I), 54th regiment. Pa. Vols., and in Capt. George Tanner's company (H. D.), 1st Pa. A^ols. Mary Drummond, wife of Joseph Pound, was a daughter of John and Mary (Bullmau) Drummond, and granddaughter of Joseph and Theresa (Byard, now Bayard) Bull- man, of New Jersey. John Drummond was a son of William and Ellen (Cannan, now Ca- naan and Keenan) Drummond, of New Jersey, the latter a direct descendant of John Cannan, who came to Plymouth Colony from London, England, in 1621, and his wife one of the ladies that came in the " Mayflower." William Drummond died of wounds received while a soldier in the Revolutionary war, and was a direct descendant of the great Drummond family of Scotland. AVilliam and Ellen (Ca- naan) Drummond were tlie parents of John and tieorge Drummond and Nancy Drummond)Cox, of Ohio. John and Mary (Bullman) Drummond were the parents of William, Gowin and Joseph Drummond, Ellen, wife of John McCrac- ken^ John Drummond, Sarah, wife of Archibald Cunningham, and Nancy Drummond. John Drummond manufactured salt for many years on the Conemaugh river, was a man of strict integrity and owned a large farm in'Conemaugh township, Indiana couuty. He was born in 1763 and died in 1843. The Pound.s, Tichingers, Colliers, Bullmans, Cannans and Bayards came prior to the Revo- liouary war from New England (mostly from Plymouth Colony) to northern New Jersey, from whence a number of them came to western Pennsylvania, among whom was John Pound (a nephew of Adonijah Pound), who came to Indiana county, where his descendants may still be found. RAYNE, WHITE, CENTRE, CHERRY HILL, BRUSH VALLEY, GREEN, PINE AND BUFFINGTON TOWNSHIPS. Historical and Descriptive. — The first five townships named constitnte the central part of Indiana county, while the last three enumer- ated are the eastern townships of the county. Rayne township is drained by the waters of I Crooked creek and lies within the Blairsville liasiu and the Marion and Saltshnrg sub-basins of the Fourth Great basin. The larger part of the township is in the Marion sub-basin. It is situated in the barren measures excepting two small areas of the Lower Coal measures on Crooked creek — one at Kintersburg and the other at Chambersburir. In the geological report of 187.S no detailed ! account is given of the valley of Crooked creek, j Rayne Townshij) was formed from Washing- ton and Green in 1847 and received its name from Robert Rayne, an early settler on Rayne's run. The soil is a sandy loam well adapted to farming and stock-raising, and its most valu- able minerals are coal and iron ore. There is but little account to be had of its early settlers. Among those who came in an early day was Robert Thompson and Hugh Cannon, who set- fled near Kellysburg. The " Old Block Mouse," ' in the southwestern part of the township, was erected in 1790 and torn down in 1811. Kel- leysburg (Home P. O.), a place of about 125 inhabitants, was laid out in 1838 by Daniel Stanard and named in honor of Meek Kelley. Chambersburg, with a population of 60, was laid out by William Swan in Oct., 1848, and named for Elisha Chambers, who purchased in 1789 the tract of land upon which it is situated. Kintersburg (Gilpin P. O.) is a town of 100 inhabitants and was named for Isaac Kinter, who opened a store there in 1854. John Bu- chanan made the first improvement about 1800 on the si(e f>f the village. Its population at each census from 1850 to 1890 has been : 1184, 1595, 1735, 1958 and 1924. White Township was formed in 1843 from Centre, Washington, Green and Armstrong townships and was named for Judge Thomas White. It contains the county-seat and there are said to have been an Indian encampment or village within its borders. Geologically it lie.s within the same basin as Rayne township, but only has one bed of the Lower Coal measures, which is in the southeastern part of the township, on Two Lick creek. For a description of Two Lick creek see Cherry Hill township. The [wpulation of White township since 1850 to 1890 at each census has been: 1288, 1749, 2146, 1716 and 1612. Centre Toirn.ship was formed from Arm- strong in 1807 and is irregular in shape, but it is an impossibility to trace its boundaries from any State, county or geological map of Indiana county which we have seen up to this writing. It lies in the Marion sub-basin and the Blairs- ville basin and contains (in the eastern part) four large areas of the Lower Coal measures. Of the middle area Prof Piatt says that Tearing run affords access to nearly all the coal beds 269 270 BIOGRAPHIES OF and other strata of the Lower Productive j group, and its northern slope will be the starting- point of extensive drifts, if ever such be estab- lished here on these coals. All the seams of the lower group run uninterruptedly from this point to the Yellow Creek Valley, offering tiius an unbroken expanse of coal, above water level, of more than one mile in width, while length- wise in a northwest and southeast direction the coal spreads in great sheets up and down the mountain flank. A large part of this section of country is owned in fee simple by the Indi- ana Coal company, which company holds also in addition extensive mining rights. The Upper Freeport coal bed is underneath the waters of Tearing run, as high up the ravine as Coy's saw-mill. But after its emergence above the water line it rises rapidly on the slopes towards the east and soutiieast, and has been explored on nearly every farm in the upper part of the valley. It is now most extensively mined on the property that goes by the name of the " Bracken farm." It is there roofed by a high hill, in which the Mahoning sandstone as a heavy compact rock is the most conspicuous feature. As here developed, the Mahoning sandstone furnishes excellent building material, nut only for heavy foundations, but equally well for pur- poses of decoration. Sandotone land has been much overworked and often stands in need of fertilizing material. The deposit outcrops 20 feet below the base of the coal on the Bracken farm. An outcrop of apparently good fire clay j was observed immediately above the limestone. The Lower Freeport coal (bed D') is a small | and unimportant seam in this neighborhood, just as it is along Yellow creek. Its outcrop is very distinct on the township road a siiort distance east of the Bracken mine, from which it is here separated vertically by an interval of 60 feet. From indications here and also on Yellow creek, it would appear that the Lower Freeport bed is accompanied throughout this region by its usually attendant stratum of lime- stone. But this is not certain, the exposures being very imperfect at this horizon. Below tliis there are no rock exposures along Tearing run for an interval of 115 feet, which most likely brings us to bed B, this being the seam exposed a few feet above water level on the Bracken farm. Coals C and D are there- fore concealed here, as is also the Johnstown Cement bed, nothing whatever being seen of these strata anywhere in the valley. But they were all found along Yellow creek, and are simply hidden on Tearing run, the rock expo- sures occurring there being less complete than on Yellow creek. Bed B on the Bracken farm shows four feet of very soft and inferior coal. Only the out- crop has been exposed at this place, but ascend- ing the run we find this same coal opened and mined on Mrs. McAdoo's property, just above the forks of Tearing run. From water level at the Bracken farm it has risen to a point 50 feet above that line at Mrs. McAdoo's. This bed is considered identical with the so-called " four foot " seam at Fiudlay's and at Lewis', on the opposite flank of the anticlinal, but barely two miles distant from the exposures above described. Along Tearing run bed B is overlaid by 20 feet of black slates and fissile shale, while at only a few feet beneath the coal sandstone shows in the bed of run, thus concealing bed A and keeping it below water level in this valley across the Chestnut Ridge anticlinal. The northern areas of Two Lick and Yellow Creek are thus described : CVossing Black Lick creek to proceed north- east along the base of Chestnut Ridge by the Homer road from Bell's mills, there is no change to record in the general geology of this region as compared to that described in the last chapter. The Lower Productive Coal measures continue to occupy the summit and flank of the ridge ; and the same rocks are crossed by all the streams, large and small, descending into Two Lick, and INDIANA COUNTY. 271 also by the Two Lick itself", but only as far down the latter valley as the " Two Lick upper mills," beyond which to (he west, past Homer, and beyond this to its junction with Black Lick, Two Lick flows over Lower Barren rocks. This latter fact is of considerable importance, inas- much as the high Two Lick bluffs overlooking Homer are thereby condemned as uou-coal- bearing. These bluffs, supporting the rich pas- ture lands of western Centre and Black Lick townships, have been searched again and again by the farmers for coal beds of workable dimen- sions, but always without success. They yield abundance of good limestone that would serve well to enrich the stiff clay soils that sometimes overspread the surface in this vicinity. The outcrop of the Upper Freeport coal is crossed a few hundi'ed yards north of Bell's mills, the road then rising quickly above it into the Mahoning sandstone, whicli covers the sur- face and makes the country rock at the school house one-half mile north of the village. At Mr. J. Rugh's house the Upper Freeport coal bed is only a short distance beneath the surface, its outcrop being plainly defined by a high bench which rises rapidly on the slopes east of the house. The coal appears above water level in the shallow valley of a small nameless run that joins Two Lick at the Lutiicran church. The lower part of this ravine is occupied by the Mitchell and Col. Shephard properties (Zach farm), on both of which the bed has been opened. The bed on the mountain flank is six feet. In this, however, is included a damaging slate parting that ranges within about one foot of the roof, and virtually reduces the seam to a bed four feet thick, inasmuch as it renders the upper bench of coal worthless for all practical pur- poses, the slate parting being too thick to be profitably taken down. Moreover, this system of mining is here rendered obligatory because of the great weakness of the roof slates of the coal. As on the Conemangh at Bolivar, so along the lower waters of Two Lick and Yellow creek, this great parting of clay and slate is the most conspicuous and distinctive feature of the Upper Freeport coal bed. It is so persistent and con- tinuous throughout the Homer region as to ren- der the bed easily identifiable there. Not a single section of the seam as exposed in the numerous drifts along the lower waters of Two ; Lick and Yellow Creek but what shows this I [)arting always in the same position and nearly always of about the same thickness. There were in the township several block- houses in olden times, to which the people were in the habit of congregating for mutual protec- tion from the ravages of the Indians. One was on the farm now owned by Peter Fair. The logs with marks of port-holes still remain. Among the earlier settlers of the county who fled to this block-house were Thomas AVilkin, Daniel McKesson, James Mitchell, Andrew Dixon, Samuel Dixon, G. Doty, Thomas Mc- Cray, Samuel Todd — the latter was owner of the land on which the building .stood. Thomas Wilkins carried apple trees on his back from Franklin county and planted them on the farm now owned by Robert McGee. The family were forced to flee and while they were away the Indians came and pulled up all the trees, except three, which are still .standing. The family returned again several years afterward. Thomas Burns settled on the farm now owned by Thomas and William Burns in the year 1791. He brought apple trees from Chambersburg and planted them ; they are yet living. The oldest organized church in Indiana county is in Centre township. It bears the name of Bethel. The Psalm book used by the Rev. J. \Y. Henderson is still in existence. Mr. Henderson was the first Presbyterian preacher in the county, and was made pastor of the Bethel church at the time of its organization. The a.s.sociation called " The Whiskey Boys " had their headquarters at the house now owned by Robert Hamil. John Allison built the first grist-mill in Centre town- 272 BIOGRAPHIES OF ship, the site of which is located on the laud now owned by John H. Devers. The following list of taxable inhabitants of Centre township was returned in 1807 : Adam Altimes, blaclismith ; Andrew Allison, John Armitage, Robert Allison, Jr. ; Robert Allison, Sr. ; Thomas Allison, surveyor j John Allison, miller ; John B. Allison, carpenter ; John B. Allison, Robert Allison, carpenter ; Gavin Adams, John Armstrong, Robert Adams, James Adams, John Arthurs, Beany Adear, James Alcorn, James Alexson, miller ; John Allison, Sr. ; Peter Brieker, William Brown, carpenter ; Thomas Burns, George Byers, Jolui Clyde, William Cain, Jacob Cribs, NA'illiam Cummins, John Cummins, David Cummins, Jean Cummins, Moses Chambers, Solomon Chambers, James Canon, mason ; Ann Camp- bell, John R. Cummins, mason ; James Dixon, Andrew Dixon, William Dickie, blacksmith ; Martha Dean, Martha Dean, Jr. ; John Davis, James Donald, Moses Donald, William Don- ald, Andrew Dickon, Robert Eggy, Jona- than Eggy, Daniel Elgin, Jacob Fluke, William Fleming, George Frederick, William Fulton, schoolmaster; Robert Gordon, John GrifSn, Lydia Gibson, Robert Gordon, John Gourley, shopkeeper ; James Gardner, tailor ; William Hamilton, Esq. ; Robert Hutchinson, William Hall, John Hawk, Joseph Henderson, minister; Christopher Harold, James Huston, Robert Jordon, Meek Kelly, carpenter ; Pati-ick Kelly, James Kelly, John Laughlin, James Laughery, John Lowery, Samuel Lowery, William Lowery, John Lytic, Daniel Leny, cooper; Randolph Laurence, Mary Latta, John Laughery, mason ; Fergus Moorhead,Sr.; Fer- gus Moorhead, tanner; Daniel McKisson, John McLanahan, James McLanahan, Robert Mc- Lanahan, James McKnight, Esq. ; Charles Morrow, James McGenity, John Murphy, William McKee, Michael McAnulty, James Montgomery, Daniel McGlaughlin, James Mc- Laue, prothouotary ; Joseph Moorhead, Esq. ; , James Moorhead, carpenter ; Samuel Moorhead, carpenter; Thomas Moorhead, James McFarlin, Thomas McCartney, sheriff; John Micksell, John Matson, carpenter ; Jean McCouaughey, James McKisson, Daniel McQuelkiu, black- smith ; James O'Harra,' Charles O'Harra, Mary Pattou, James Patton, Adam Pilson, John Pil- son, Mary Pilson, John Pounds, Adonijah Pounds, Benj. Pard, shopkeeper; Armor Phillips, Ann Quigley, John Ross, carpenter ; John Ross, Alexander Rea, Samuel Rea, John Rankin, Philip Rice, Conrad Rice, John Rediek, Robert Rea, James Reynolds, schoolmaster • James Stuukard, James Simpson, Andrew Speddy, John Sines, Charles Stewart, James Stewart, Richard Stewart, David Semple, James Scrapie, Peter Sutton, innkeeper ; Thomas Sut- ton, carpenter; Daniel Stauard, lawyer; William Shields, Matthew Steel, William Smith, Alex- ander Taylor, William Tremble, Samuel Todd, James Thompson, John Thompson, Joseph White, Samuel W^iggins, Thoma.s Wiggins, William Wiggins, James Wilkins, James Wil- kins, Sr. ; William Wilkins, John Wilson. The population of Centre township at each census from 1850 to 1890 has been: 1193, 1397, 1555, 1265 and 1277. Cherry Hill Township is in the Blairsville and Ligouier basins. It is irregular in shape and is in the Lower Barren measures, except the Yellow and Two Lick creek valleys, which carry the Lower Coal measures, and a small area of Pottsville conglomerate near Mitchell's Mills P.O. The developments along so much of the valley of Yellow Creek as falls within the limits of the present discussion are almost wholly confined to the Upper Freeport coal bed, of which there are frequent exposures. Some of the mines are worked quite extensively, this being the nearest point to the county seat of any workable coal bed above water level. And while large quantities of this coal are yearly con- sumed in the country round about, it confessedly INDIANA COUNTY. 273 does not rank as high as the coal from the Pitts- burgh bed, and for domestic use cannot compete successfully with the latter in the Indiana mar- ket, although the Pittsburgh coal has to be brought at a considerable cost of transportation from either Blaii'svilleor West Lebanon, near the Armstrong county line. In the chemical compo- sition of the coals, especially iu the case of that coming from the Pittsburgh bed at Blairsville, there is little or no diiference. Tiie conditions for cheap aud easy mining are vei"y favorable along the Yellow Creek valley. Gangways could be driven along the strike of the rocks, southwest to Tearing run, or northeast to Two Lick ; and such gangways would command enormous fields of coal. The projected Homer and Cherry Tree R. R. would furnish the region with an outlet to market. Ascending Yellow creek from its mouth, the Mahoning sandstone, in the same compact and massive condition tliat characterizes it along Tearing run, is the county ruck for nearly a mile. It is the upper part of this deposit that shows in the left bank of the stream at the Homer bridge. As the rock slowly rises above the water line it grows more and more conspic- uous on the slopes, over which fragments and boulders of coarse and fine-grained sandstone are strewn in great abundance. The Upper Freeport coal bed, as exposed in this valley by Messrs. McDonald, Markle, Shep- hard, Griffith and Porterfield, is a double bed of uniform thickness, yielding in all about six feet of coal, of which the lower bench makes up nearly two-thirds. The section is the same iu all the mines, and about identiad with that given for the same bed on Tearing run. The little valley of Dixon's run leads from the Two Lick creek to the top of the divide between Two Lick and the Mahoning. Asceud- iug the little valley of the run from Two Lick we start iu rocks at or near the base of the Low- er Productive system, and slowly rise in these measures uutil finally the slope of the stream bed carries it above them into the Lower Barren group. The coal mined at present in this valley comes entirely from the Lower Freeport bed. The scam varies somewhat in thickness at dif- ferent points, but invariably yields a good clean coal. The existence of other coal beds botii above and below that now worked is well known, but there is no inducement to further investigate them. What little limestone has been used by the farmers in fertilizing the soil has been taken from the Freeport deposit, here an important and valuable stratum yielding excellent lime- stone, easily raised, and giving oil' its carbonic acid quickly iu the kiln. The lower part of the valley, that is, from the school-house at Woodisou's to the mouth of the run, has been very little explored for its mineral contents. The developments begin at Woodison's and extend beyond Dixonville, where the Lower Freeport coal is close to water level. Bed D was once luicovered near the grist-mill ; it showed 18 inches of coal. Underneath it was the Johnstown Cement bed, four feet thick, and according to Mr. Woodison, who exposed these strata, made up of good stone. About 50 feet above this exposure the Lower Freeport coal outcrops. Cherry Hill was formed from Green and Brush Valley townships in 1854 and was named from "Cherry Hill Manor," which was surveyed to the Peuus. The soil is a sandy loam and the main minerals are coal, lime and iron ore. Among the early settlers were the Mortons, Evanses and Hustons. Diamondville (Mitchell's Mills P. O.) was laid out by Dr. Robert Mitchell between 1823 and 1825. Greenville (Penu Run P. O.) was founded in 1838 by William Evans, and Hustonville derives its name from Robert Huston, who built a house and blacksmith shop on its site in 1850. The population of Cherry Hill township at 274 BIOGRAPHIES OF each census from 1860 to 1890 has been : 1758, 1976, 2243 and 1794. Brush Valley Township was formed in 1835 from Wheatfield and derived its name from the vallo}' of Brush creek. It lies in the Ligonier basin and is included principally in the sub- basin between the Nolo and the Chestnut Ridge axis. The ravine of Brush creek is important as unfolding the geology of Brush Valley town- ship. The creek heads in the high laud about Mechanicsburg and flows south to meet Black Lick at Ash's saw-mill, one mile and a half above Heshbon. It is sufficiently clear that the Lower Pro- ductive Coal measures are in the hills at the mouth of Brush creek. A portion of these rocks, however, but only a small portion of them, is there below water level, the tops of the ravine being crowned l)y Lower Barren meas- ures, in which the Mahoning sandstone is prominent. As Brush creek is ascended the ravine grows rapidly shallower by the slope of the stream bed. This gradually conceals the Lower Pro- ductive coal rocks as the valley becomes more and more narrow, until finally the tops of the ravine join and spread out on a wide sheet of Lower Barrens, on which the town of Mechan- icsburg is built. These same rocks cover nearly the whole of the surface of Brush Valley town- ship, by which is explained the total absence of workable coal beds, not only at Mechanicsburg, but everywhere on the uplands of tliis town- ship. The sheet of Barrens extends west of Mechanics! jurg nearly to the summit of Chest- nut ridge, and eastward it sweeps across the top of the Nolo anticlinal. But in the deep valleys skirting the township on the north and south range the Lower Productive coal beds, nearly all of which are of workable thickness. The few developments made in the ravine of Brush creek illustrate what has just been said with regard to its geology. Thus two coal beds and two limestone bands have been exposed near the mouth of the creek. The lower of the coals was discovered in sink- ing a well on the Mock farm, and is reported as a parted seam three feet thick ; it is not else- where known in the ravine. Ascending the creek to Overdorff's mill, the upper seam is at water level. Ascending the stream still higher and ad- vancing to the Wilson property, about one-half mile above Overdorff's mill, two limestone lay- ers, thirty feet apart vertically, make their ap- pearance on the left side of the ravine. The lower of these is a very ferruginous rock, which calcines only under the hardest burning and yields then au impure reddish lime. The up- per stratum, likewise partly opened by Mr. Wilson, is, on the other hand, an unusually pure limestone for the coal measures ; it is streaked with thin veins of calcite, and slakes down readily into a white lime. These lime- stone bands were identified as belonging to the Upper and Lower Freeport deposits, neither of which coals, however, have yet been opened hereabouts. Mechanicsburg was laid out by John Taylor for Robert McCormick in September, 1833, and as it was a place for mechanics it was called Mechanicsburg. Heshbon is a place of 36 pop- ulation and Suncliff has 26 inhabitants. Brush Valley at each census from 1850 to 1890 con- tained the following population: 1481,1733, 1606, 1365, and 1179. Green Toionship was formed from WHieat- field about 1816 and was named on account of the gi-een color of its heavy forests. It is in the Ligonier basin between the Nolo and the Chestnut Ridge axis. The Lower Coal meas- ures extend along the north fork of Two Lick in the western part of the township. Cookport was named for William Cook and the first house was erected by Lewis Shaw in 1858. Dixon ville was established in 1860 and Kesslerville (Beringer P. O.) was laid out by INDIANA COUNTY. 275 Peter Kessler in 1871. The first house at Tay- lorville (Utah P. O.) was erected by A. T. Moorhead in 1854 and the place was named for President Taylor. The first house at Pine Flat was built in 1860 by Evan Williams. The population of Green township at each census from 1850 to 1890 has been : 2281, 1723, 2160, 2606 and 2401. Pine Township was taken from Wheatfield in 1850 and derived its name from the extensive pine forests then within its boundaries. It is in the Ligonier basin, and contains a long and narrow area of the Lower Coal measures, which lie in the Little Yellow Creek Valley. The eastern part of the township is between the Laurel Hill and the Nolo axis, while the western portion is in the sub-basin between the Nolo and the Chestnut Ridge axis. The geology of Little Yellow Creek received but scant notice at the hands of tiie State geologists during the last survey. James Strong owned the site of Strongstown, and some time shortly after 1823 built the first three houses of that place. Strongtown has 75 inhabitants. Nolo was founded under the name of the " Stone House, " which it bore until 1858, when the post-office of Nolo was established, and the place changed its name to that of the post- offico. The population of Pine township from 1860 to 1890 has been: 1860,1788; 1870, 921; 1880, 1189; 1890, 1003. Bujfington Township was formed from Pine in 1867, and was named in honor of Judge Joseph Buffington. The township lies in that part of the Ligonier basin which is between the Laurel Hill and the Nolo axis. A small area of the Lower Coal measures is in the north- western part of the township. Among the early settlers were the McCart- neys, Clarks, Camerons, Dills, Misners, Stew- arts, McPhersons and Campbells. Uilltown was laid out in 1850, under the name of Frank- lin, but soon received its present name from Matthew Dill. The population of Buffington 17 township since 1870 has been: 1870, 877 1880, 819; 1890, 644. BIOGRAPHICAL. THOMAS BURNS purchased the Burns homestead in Centre township in 1790. He was born in Dublin, Ireland, and served three years in the British army at the outset of the Revolutionary war. He then served four years under the noted Paul Jones and other American commanders. After his settlement in this section he chopped wood and burned coal. He died in 1833, at the age of eighty- four. He was twice married, first in 1800, to Mary Harea, who died in 1816, at the age of sixty-four, and second to Sarah Boyle, daughter of Robert and Mary (Johnston) Boyle. The children were: William, Thomas, Catherine and James. William served four months in the 105th Regiment Pennsylvania Volunteei-s^ and seven months in the 177th during the war of 1861. He was also in tlie provost marshal's department for nine months. William and Thomas reside on the old homestead, where there is said to have been an Indian village. Tradition reporta that for several years the dusky woodsmen would return to look for treas- ure said to have been buried there. " HON. JOSEPH CAMPBELL, of Centre township, was born in 1799, at the pres- ent residence of his widow, and was the son William and Ann (White) Campbell. William Campbell was among the early settlers of the township, and was engaged in some of the Westmoreland furnaces. William White, the father of Mrs. Campbell, was an early pioneer of Centre township. Both the Campbells and Whites migrated from Antietam creek, Mary- land, to what is now Indiana county. William 276 BIOGRAPHIES OF Campbell died when Joseph was a young lad, leaving a widow and two children, with a farm in the woods, without horses, implements, or the means with which to secure them. Joseph worked with Rev. Joseph Henderson, on the latter's farm, and the mother and daughter took in weaving. Slowly the land was im- proved and the necessary stock and appliances were obtained. Our subject was married, first, in 1836, to Nancy Elgin, a daughter of Daniel Elgin. She died in 1838, of consumption, and their only child died when three months old ; and second, in 1848, to Rebecca Allison, daughter of Andrew Allison. Their children ■were : Sarah Ann, Rebecca J. and Nancy Ellen. Mr. Campbell served in the various township positions, and as an associate judge for five years. He was among the earliest anti- slavery reformers in the country, and was termed an abolitionist more than fifty years affo. He was among the first men in the county to sign the total abstinence pledge, and was among the earliest champions of the tem- perance cause in the county. He died in 1879, not long after the above was written, and was buried at the Crete United Presbyterian ceme- tery. His funeral was attended by over a thousand jiersons." rUPT. JACOB CREPS, a veteran officer v/ of the Army of the Potomac and a pop- ular citizen and active business man of Rayne township, is a son of Samuel and Eleanor (Wolfe) Creps, and was born in that part of Washington township which is now Rayne township, Indiana county, Pennsylvania, March 4, 1836. His grandfather, Jacob Creps, was a native, in all probability, of Centre county. He came, in 1837, to what is Rayne township, where he died a few years after his arrival. He was a lutheran and an old-line whig and served in the war of 1812. He married and reared a family of three sons and three daugh- ters. One of these sons was Samuel Creps, who was born in Centre county, in 1807, and died near Dixon ville, in 1858. He was a whig and afterwards one of the early abolitionists of Indiana county. He was active in political aifairs and married Eleanor Wolf, daughter of John Wolf, a whig and farmer of Centre county, who married Susanna Lutes and came to Rayne township, where he reared a family of six sons and three daughters. Mr. and Mrs. Creps were the parents of two sons and one daughter, all of whom are dead except the subject of this sketch. Mrs. Creps was born in 1814 and is still living. Jacob Creps was educated in the common and select and normal schools. Before he attained his majority he had assisted his father in clearing out a valuable farm of seventy acres of land. At eighteen years of age he engaged in teaching and taught five terms of school at one place and two at another. He displayed quite a military taste at a very early age and was a drummer and leader of the band in a militia company when only twelve years of age. At sixteen years of age he was elected first lieutenant of the Washington artillery and at the time of the Utah troubles offered his services to the government, but was not accepted. When Fort Sumter was fired on, he was captain of a militia company which offered its services for the three months' service. It was not accepted as the quota was full. Under the call for three hundred thousand men the company enlisted, and he resigned as captain and enlisted as a private, but was unanimously re-elected as cap- tain of the company, which became Co. A, 63d regiment. Pa. Vols., and served till 1864, when they were honorably discharged. Capt. Creps served under General Scott and every otlier commander of the Army of the Potomac and led the advance of that grand old army three times across the Rappahannock. The first time his company was given the honor of leading the advance they crossed on pontoon bridges. This INDIANA COUNTY. 277 company has a remarkable war recoril and it is j said had more men killed and wounded, accord- ing to its numbers, than any other company in the United States service. Capt. Creps was always found at the head of his company and participated in all of tiie great battles between the armies of the Potomac and Northern Vir- ginia from the fall of 1861 to the winter of 1864. When his term of service expired he returnefl home and engaged in farming, stock- raising and stock-dealing, which business be has followed successfully ever since. He married Christiana Bookinmire, wlio is a native of Germany. To them have been born five children, of whom four are living: Ida, wife of William Campljell, an oil broker of Pitt.sburgh ; J. Augustus, who lives with his father and married Minnie Ray, by whom he has two children, Minorica and Ella E. ; John F., of Allegheny city, who is a bookkeeper for Clever Bros., of Pittsburgh, and married Eliza Pulfer, by whom he has one child, Percy ; and Flor- ence, who is at home. In politics, Capt. Creps was a republican until 1877, when he became a greenbacker. In 1867 he was elected sheriff, and from 1877 to 1879 was a member of the Pennsylvania legis- lature, lu 1886 he was a candidate of the Labor party for the legislature and lacked but one hundred and ninety-three votes of being electetl when the county gave twenty-five hun- dred republican majority. In 1890 he was the candidate of the Labor party for Congress, in the Twenty-first Congressional District. He is a member of the Lutheran church, the Pat- rons of Husbandry, the Loyal Legion and the Grand Army of the Republic. On August 21, 1887, the surviving members of his company presented him with a one hundred dollar gold- headed cane, and an address written on parch- ment, expressing in glowing terms the high esteem in which he was held by those who had served under him on many a bloody field. WILLIAM T. HAMIL, a well-respected citizen of White township, and a de- scendant of two pioneer families of Indiana county, is a son of Robert M. and Jane (Trim- ble) Hamil, and was born in Fairfield town- ship, Westmoreland county, Pennsylvania, Oc- tober 9, 1830. The Hamil family is of Irish descent, and one of its members, Joiin Hamil (great- grandfather), emigrated from Ireland to the United Colonies in 1761, and settled in the famous Ligonier Valley, some two miles south of Palmer's fort. According to the old tradi- j tions of Indiana county, he was the tenth set- tler who located in the Ligonier settlement. He married Elizabeth Gibson, who was a na- tive of Ireland. Their sou, Robert Hamil • (grandfather), was born in county Antrim, Ireland, and came to Pennsylvania with his parents. He was a "Seceder," or a inombor of the Associate Presbyterian church. During I the Revolution his father, John Hamil, was drafted; but Robert went in his place, and served three years. He participated in the battle of Bunker Hill. He died in 1841, when in the eighty-third year of his age. He mar- ried Jane McKelvey, and reared a family of twelve cliildren, five sons and seven daughters: Elizabeth, Mary (wife of James Alexander), Allan, David, Jane McClain, Robert M., Ann Frew, Ebenezer, Hannah, Joseph, Sarah (who married Alfred Lameroux) and Rachel (wife of David Brown). Robert N. Hamil (father) was born in the Ligonier Valley, Westmore- land County, in 1805, and in 1831 removed to Centre township, and bought the tract of land called "Junction." On this farm the " Whis- key boys" had an encampment during the Whiskey insurrection of 1794. Robert M. Hamil was a tanner by trade; but afler he removed to Indiana county, he was engaged in farming until his death, in March, 1886. lie married Jane Trimble, and had nine children : ' William T., Margaret Jane (wife of William 278 BIOGRAPHIES OF Douthet), Samuel, Mary Ann, Susan, Elizabeth (wife of R. C. Carson), Sarah (wife of William Carson), Washington (who died while serving in the Union army at Fredericksburg in 1863), and Rachel (wife of William Staley). Mrs. Jane (Trimble) Haniill was a daughter of Wil- liam Trimble, and a granddaughter of George Trimble, a native of the north of Ireland, who emigrated from that country to the United Colonies in 1789, and located in White town- ship, Indiana county. He was soon driven by the Indians to the Conecocheague Valley, from whence he afterwards returned, in 1797, to this county, and settled in Armstrong township, where he purchased a tract of land called " St. James." William T. Hamil was reared on his father's farm, and attended the common schools of Cen- tre township. He removed in 1 853 to White township, where he has been engaged in farm- ing ever since. On April 24, 1854, he married Keziah Beck, daughter of William Beck, by whom he had three children: William P. (who died in 1856), Franklin (who passed away in 1888), and Plymouth (who married Annie Campbell in 1884). Mrs. Hamil died in 1861, and Mr. Hamil, on May 27, 1862, married Mary Ann Ray, daughter of Matthew Ray. By his second marriage he has five chil- dren: Jaue, Quincy Adams, Clara Josephine, Robert and Matthew Wilson. Squire Hamil owns a valuable farm, besides one hundred and ten acres of the old home- stead farm in Centre township. He is a mem- ber of the United Presbyterian church and a republican prohibitionist in politics. He served his township acceptably for six years as justice of the peace, and is frequently counseled by his neighbors in legal matters. He has always taken a deep interest in education, and con- tributed liberally toward the establishment of the Indiana State Normal school at Indiana, I'a., from which institution four of his children have been graduated. " A NDREW LEARN, a pioneer settler of •^ Green township, was born in 1809, in ! what is now Bell township, Westmoreland Co., and was a son of John and Elizabeth (Ashbaugh) Learn. The former was a native of the Sewick- ley settlement, Westmoreland county, where he was born in 1785. He was a son of Andrew and Susan (Yorkey) Learn. He was a native of Pennsylvania, and located at an early period on Sewickley creek. His father and wife, their son George and wife and family, were killed by the Indians near Blue mountains. The tradition is that this massacre was committed by seven Indians from the Lake Erie country. The children of Andrew Learn, the pioneer, were, — John, Catherine, Elizabeth, Mary, Su- san, George, Sarah, Barbara, Rachel and An- drew." ADAM H. MIKESELL, one of the comfort- ably situated farmers and most substantial citizens of White township, is a son of John P. and Sarah E. (Holmes) Mikesell, and was born in Centre township, Indiana county, Pennsyl- vania February 20, 1869. The Mikesell family is of German descent, and one of its members Adam Mikesell (grandfather) was born in 1794, and came to Indiana county in early life. He purchased 500 acres of land in Centre township, upon which he resided until his death, which occurred in 1877, when he was in the eighty- third year of his age. He was a member of the Evangelical Lutheran church and an upright man. One of his sons, John P. Mikesell (father), was born on his father's farm in Centre township in 1833. He commenced life as a farmer in his native township, where he re- mained until the fall of 1879, when he removed to White township. He owned one hundred and twelve acres of his father's farm, which he sold for about one hundred dollars an acre. In 1890 he retired from farming and purchased property at Indiana, where he has resided ever INDIANA COUNTY. 271) since. He advocates the principles of the demo- cratic party, and is a member of the Evangelical Lutheran church. In 1868 he married Sarah E. Holmes, a daughter of George Holmes, of Indiana, and to their union were born two sons : Adam H., and Torrence, born September 10, 1876. Mrs. Mikesell was born 1844, and is a member of the Lutheran Church. Adam H. Mikesell was reared on his father's farm, iu Centre township, and received a good common-school education. He has been en- gaged in farming ever since leaving school, except a short period during which he conducted a livery stable at Homer City. He lives on 92J acres of his father's White township farm, which he takes great pride in cultivating, and which is very productive under his judicious management. On June 13, 1888, he united in marriage with Nettie Ralston, daughter of Samuel Ralston, of Cherry Hill township. To their union have been born two sons, Johnnie and Walter Gilbert, both now dead. Adam H. Mikesell is a democrat and believes in the principles and practices of the demo- cratic party, whose interests and nominees he ever supports and whose success he ever desires. Well situated in a favored section of his township, he devotes the most of his time to his farm and justly enjoys the reputation of being one of the most throughgoing and successful farmers in White township. JOHN PILSON, a prudent and industrious farmer, and one of the well-respected citi- zens of White township, is a son of John, Sr., and Nancy (Johnston) Pilson, and was born in White township, Indiana county, Pennsylvania, December 9, 1803. John Pilson, Sr. (father), was born in Ireland, from which he emigrated in 1870 to the United States. He settled in White township, Indiana county, where he pur- chased three hundred acres of land, which he cultivated until his death. He died in 1834, when he was in the seventy-second year of his age. He married Nancy Johnston, a native of the Shenandoah Valley, Virginia, by whom he liad five children, of whom three are still living: Susanna, who was born in 1807, and married Jesse Griffith, of Indiana county; John and Nancy, Itorn iu 1812. Mrs. Pilson was a con- sistent member of the Presbyterian church, and died in 1851, when in the eightieth year of her age. i John Pilson was reared on his father's farm and attended the subscription schools of that period, in which he received a practical educa- tion. He has always lived a quiet and peaceful life and devotes his time to farming and stock- raising. He owns one hundred and sixty acres of the homestead farm, which is four miles from Indiana. He keeps his farm in fine condition and raises good crops of grain and grass. He has never married, and Nancy .1. Griffiths a daughter of his sister, Mrs. Susanna Griffith, keeps house for him. John Pilson is an es- teemed citizen of White township, a stanch re- publican in politics, and, like his father, is a con- scientious member of the Presbyterian church. Mr. Pilson has never given time or attention to any other business than that of farming and .stock-raising. John Pilson is one of the thrifty and prosperous citizens of his township, and while taking no active part in political life yet) he has decided opinions of his own concerning public affiiirs, which he has formed by closely watching the course of the political parties of the United States since Andrew Jackson was first a candidate for president in 1824, T W. SHIELDS, of Rayne township, is a ^ , man of sound judgment and tried capacity, and as a member of the board of commissioners has exercised a conservative and watchful care over the finances of Indiana county. He is a son of John and Elizabeth (Speedy) Shields and 280 BIOGRAPHIES OF was born in what is now Rayne township, Indi- ana county, Pennsylvania, February 2, 1835. His paternal grandfather, John Shields, was a native of Ireland and settled in what is now Black Lick township about 1800. He served in the war of 1812 and during part of that time was employed by the government as an Indian spy and to give notice to the western forts of any threatened attack upon them by Indians. His wife, a native of Scotland, bore him six children ; William, John, Mary McKee, Mar- garet Speedy, James and Joseph, all of whom are dead. John Shields (father) was born in Rayne township, where he owned six hundred acres of good farming laud. He was also a stock dealer, purchasing droves of cattle and drivingthem to the eastern markets. In his early life he was quite a successful bear and deer hunter, but soon abandoned that dangerous pastime for his farm work and stock business. He was a member and elder of the Presbyterian church. He was a whig and afterwards a repub- lican in politics. He was a man of sound judg- ment, and served two terms as justice of the peace, besides filling several other township offices. He was elected county commissioner in which office he served with the usual success which had attended him in all of his township offices and won the reputation of having made an excellent county official. He died in 1872; aged eighty-four years. His wife was Elizabeth Speedy, who died in 1860, when in the sixty- fifth year of her age. She was a daughter of Andrew Speedy, who was of Scotch extraction, came from Scotland when a young man and was engaged during his lifetime in farming in this county. He was a good teacher of vocal music and married Margaret McKee, by whom had six children ; Elizabeth Shields, Mary Kin- ter, ^largaret McLaughlin, James, Thomas and Hugh. He died in 1827, and his wife survived him several years. J. W. Shields was reared on a farm and received his education in the common schools which at that time were in the infancy of their existence, being looked upon in the light of an experiment. Leaving school, he learned the trade of blacksmith, which he followed for ten years. He then bought a farm adjoining the old homestead and engaged in farming, which he has continued in ever since. He now resides upon the homestead tract and owns in all one hundred and forty acres of productive land. On March 5, 1865, he enlisted for one year in Co. F, 74th regiment. Pa. Vols., as second ser- geant, was honorably discharged at Harrisburg, Pa., and mustered out as first sergeant at Clarksburg, West Virginia, August 29, 1865. March 12, 1861, he married Mary Thomp- son, daughter of Robert Thompson, of Rayne owuship. To their union have been born six children, three sons and three daughters : Annie M., Wilmer W., Lawrence T., Carlotta, Mary B. and Robert C. In connection with his farming operations Mr. Shields gives considerable attention to stock-raising, in which he has met with good success. He is a member and trustee of Wash- ington Presbyterian church and belongs to Indiana Post, No. 28, Grand Army of the Republic. In politics J. W. Shields has ! always been a republican and takes a lively interest in politics. In the fall of 1887 he was elected county commissioner and his term, which commenced January 1, 1888, expired January 1, 1891. To the work of the commissioner's office he gave the same care and attention that he gave to his own business affairs. He has been conscientious and impartial according to the best of his ability in the discharge of all public duties, and thus far he has been so suc- cessful as to win the commendation and good opinion of the public. "TAMES SIMPSON, of Centre township, ^ came to this country from Scotland, locat- ' ing first at what was called the ' Old Scotch INDIANA COUNTY. 281 Fort,' or Ligonier, near Laurel Hill. He suf- fered all the trials of frontier life in the French and Indian wars and the Revolution, and, with his brother Andrew and the White brothers, served for several years as scouts. His wife was Hannah White, and he and the Whites re- moved at an early date to the vicinity of what is now Blairsville, and built a block-house and stockade. They remained there for several years. Andrew was killed by the Indians near the mouth of Black Lick while going to wnrn a settlement below of danger. John White was witli him, but escaped with a broken arm. Shortly after this they removed to Cherry run, on Two Lick creek, just above the mouth of the run. They erected a block-house on a bluff on the bank of Two Lick, which was called the ' Old McConaughey Fort." Simp- son built a grist-mill on Cherry run, on land now owned by Mr. Lomison, and remained there until his death." CAPTAIN JOHN STUCHELL, a Union ^ officer in the late civil war. and proprietor of " Traveller's Home," is a son of Christopher and Jane (Mahan) Stuchell, and was born near Pluraville, in South Mahoning township, Indi- ana county, Pennsylvania, September 24, 18.34. His great-grandfather, John Stuchell (some- times written Stuchal), was a native of Ger- many, and settled in what is now White town- ship in 1805. He had five children : Abraham, Christopher, Jacob, Mary McHenry and a daughter who married a Mr. Caldwell. The second son, Christopher Stuchell, Sr. (grand- father), married Elizabeth Lydick. He was an industrious and well-to-do farmer, and .served as a soldier in the war of 1812. He had nine sons : John, Christopher, Jacob, Abraham, James, William, Thomas, Joseph and Samuel. Christopher Stuchell (father) was born June 21, 1800, in Rayne township, and died in South 1 Mahoning township, September 29, 1867. He was engaged in farming during his life-time. He was a whig and afterwards a republican, and was an influential member and highly re- spected elder of the Plumville United Pres- byterian church. He niarrieany, has an interest in the Bear Creek Refin- ing company, and owns considerable stock in other fields. In 1852 he removed to Kittan- ning, where he has resided ever .since, and taken a deep interest in its welfare and prosperity. He is secretary and treasurer of the Kittanning Gas company, and treasurer and superintendent of the Kittanning Cemetery association. His time is principally devoted to the management and supervision of his various and extensive business enterprisa", from his farming interests in Westmoreland to his oil investments in But- ler county, this State. On Octol)er 5, 1859, he married Mary Eliza Portsmouth, daughter of John and Eliza Ports- mouth, who arc now residents of Kansas. Mr. and Mi-s. Crawford have three children, two 346 BIOGRAPHIES OF sons and one daughter : James B., who is with the Oil Well Supply company of Pittsburgh, Pa. ; John Portsmouth, who is engaged in farming in North Dakota ; and Elizabeth Agnes. In politics Mr. Crawford is a republican, and very seldom fails to vote for all the nominees of his party. He is a member of the Masonic Frater- nity, and is a Royal Arch and Knigiit Templar Mason. He is a member and trustee of the First Presbyterian church of Kittanning, and served as a member of the building committee which erected the present splendid church edi- fice, which is fully in accord with "the festhetic taste of this age of progress and improvement." It is said to be one of the finest church struc- tures in Pennsylvania, and reflects great ci-edit on the fine taste and good judgment of its building committee. For over thirty-eight years Mr. Crawford has been a resident and respected citizen of Kittanning, with whose business interests he has been identified for many years. GEORGE B. DAUGHERTY. One of the most important branches of industry at the present day is tliat of the manufacture of fire- brick, and a deservedly popular as well as a leading plant in that line of business is the Av- enue brick-works of Kittanning. Its energetic proprietor, George B. Daughcrty, is a man of excellent business qualifications. He is a son of James and IMary (Elienger) Daugherty and and was born at Kittanning, Armstrong county, Pennsylvania, September 3, 1835. His pater- nal grandfatiier, Patrick Daugherty, came during the last years of the eighteenth century from Ire- land to the site of Kittanning. He was a flirmer and a catholic and traded considerably with the Indians. During the war of 1812 he en- listed in the American army, was stationed at Black Rock, N. Y., and witli four other soldiers crossed the lake, where he was shot and killed by the Indians. His remains were brought home and interred at Kittanning. He was the first soldier ever buried there with the 1 honors of war. His nicely-made and finely- engraved steel-box, in which he carried flint 1 and punk for kindling fires, is now in the posses- sion of the subject of this sketch. He had four 1 daughters, whose combined ages were nearly four hundred years. James Daugherty (father) was , born on the site of Kittanning about 1800 and died March, 1855. He was a brick-layer by oc- cupation, but was largely engaged in brick-mak- ing and manufactured most of the brick used for building purposes at Kittanning for many years. He married Mary Ehenger, a native of Lancaster county, and reared a family of several sons and daughters. Mrs. Daugherty was a member of the Protestant Episcopal church and died in 1880, at the advanced age of ninety -two years. George B. Daugherty was reared at Kittan- ning where he received his education in the public schools. Leaving school he assisted his father in the brick business until the death of the latter in 1855. In 1860 Mr. Daugherty established his presefnt Avenue brick-works and has been successfully engaged in the manufac- ture of brick ever since. In 1868 he married Agnes Hilberry, a native of Indiana county. They have eight children, four sons and four daughters : Wil- iam B., Alexander R., George H., John, Dora B., Lettie, Emma and Dellie. In politics Mr. Daugherty is a republican and besides serving several terms as a member of the town council has been overseer of the poor at Kittanning for the last thirty years. He is a member of Lodge No. 244, Free and Accepted Masons. He was instrumental in building the first county home tor the poor in Armstrong county and in various ways has con- tributed to the improvement of Kittanning. The Avenue brick-works cover quite an area and are equipped with first-class machinery. Mr. Daugherty employs a constant force of ARMSTR ONG CO UNTY. 347 twenty men and manufactures red-pressed and fire-brick, lime, cement, tile and chimney tops. He is always crowded with orders as his brick are a superior article and have in the market a high reputation for durability and excellence of manufacture. lu addition to brick juanufac- turing he has been largely engaged in contract- ing and building. He built the brick work of the Arm.strong and Clarion county jails, the Indiana couuty court-house and has built most of the large brick buildings of Kittaning which have been erected during the last twenty- five years. Besides his property at Kittanniug, \ he owns a farm of one hundred and twenty-nine acres of well improved land in Valley town- ship. He has always made the most of his op- portunities, has achieved success in his different enterprises and has been closely and promi- nently identified for over a quarter of a century with the business interests of Kittanning. GEORGE W. DOVERSPIKE, a respected and substantial citizen, a careful and re- liable business man and the capable and effi- cient cashier of the Farmers' National bank of Kittanning, is a son of Daniel and Margaret (Beck) Doverspike, and was born on his father's farm, on Mahoning creek, in Mahoning town- ship, Armstrong county, Pennsylvania, March 1, 1844. His paternal grandfather, John Doverspike, was a native of Germany, where he was reared in the faith of the Lutheran church, of which he was a strict member. In early life he came to this couuty, where he purchased a tract of land near Putneyville and followed farming. His wife was Catherine Knight, of Clarion county. Pa., who bore him four sons and one daughter. He assisted each of his sons to secure a good farm. The eldest son was Daniel Doverspike (father), who was born within one mile of Putneyville, January 9, 1818, and is one of the prosperous farmers of that .section. He is a member and officer of the Lutheran church and a democrat, but takes no active part in politics. He married Margaret Beck, daughter of Daniel Beck, of this county. They have had five sons and four daughters, of whom eight are living. George W. Doverspike was reared near Put- neyville. He received his education in the common schools and Glade Run academy. Leaving school, he was engaged in farming for several years, during which time he taught four terms in the common schools. In 18(38 he came to Kittanning and was em- ployed by James E. Brown, and for several months was engaged in superintending wharf- ing, assisting in surveying of lands, and then served eighteen months as a clerk in the store known as the old iron store on Water street, run then in connection with the Kittanning Woolen-mills, and sleeping, while thus engaged, at night in " The First National bank building." From night watchman he was successively pro- moted to clerk, book-keeper and assistant cashier in that bank. Upon the organization of the Farmers' Bank, in 1884, he was elected as its cashier and has .served creditably in that im- portant position ever since. He has well im- proved his excellent opportunities for studying the science of bauking and is considered as a safe and conservative financier. On June 4, 1873, he married Margaret B. Hastings. They have one child, a daughter, named Anna B. Doverspike. Mrs. Margaret Doverspike is a daughter of William W. Hast- ings, who was born near Bellefonte, Pa., in 1804, removed to Kittanning in 1824, and died Sept. 12, 1874. He was a tailor by trade, but was principally engaged during his life-time in the dry goods business. He was a republican and a presbyterian and served for two terms as county commissioner, including the time of the building of the present court-house. His wife was Margaret, daughter of David R. Johnston, an early settler at Kittanning and bore him 348 BIOGRAPHIES OF eight children, of whom three are living: Susanna, Margaret and William B. In politics George W. Doverspike is a repub- lican. He is a member and elder of the First Presbyterian church of Kittanuing, of whose Sunday-school he is the efficient superintendent. He was a member of the committee which selected the present site of the church and, on account of his special fitness for the position, was placed on the finance committee, which secured the necessary means for the erection of the beautiful church structure in which the congregation now worships. WILLIAM W. FISCUS, the present popu- lar sherift' of Armstrong county, a wounded veteran soldier of the Army of the Potomac, and a well-qualified man for the duties of public life, is a son of Abraham and Eliza- beth (Martin) Fiscus, and was born on the Fiscus homestead, two miles north of Kittan" ning, in Valley township, Armstrong county Pennsylvania, May 30, 1844. The Fiscus family is of French origin and traces its ances- try back to France, from which country the paternal great-grandfather of the subject of this sketch emigrated to the United States during the latter half of the eighteenth century. The paternal grandfather of the subject of this sketch, Abi'aham Fiscus, followed farming in West- moreland and Armstrong counties of this State. He owned a large farm in what is now known as Ligonier Valley, Westmoreland county. He afterwards removed to Armstrong county, was a stirring and active farmer and married Miss Aukaman, by whom he had several children. His son, Abraham Fiscus, was born in Burrill township, this county, in 1791 and died August, 1858, when in the sixty-seventh year of his age. He was a farmer by occujjation, took great pride in keeping his farm neat and clean and was a popular man in the community in which he resided. He was a member of the Lutheran church, a republican in politics and served as one of the first officers of Valley township when it was organized in 1 855. He served as a soldier j in the war of 1812 and was on the northwestern ' frontier under the command of Gen. William ! Henry Harrison. His first wife was a Miss Ourie, of Armstrong county, who bore him seven children, of whom six are living. After her death he married Elizabeth Martin, who was a daughter of John Martin, a well-to-do farmer of what was then Allegheny township, this county, and died in 1859, aged about sixty -eight years. By his second marriage he had eight children, of whom the subject of this sketch is the fifth in order of age. William W. Fiscus was reared in his native township and received his education in the com- mon schools and a select school near Leechburg, which he attended for one year. In 1862, at the age of eighteen years, he enlisted in Co. \ C, 139tli regiment, Pennsylvania Vols., was I wounded at the battle of Fredericksburg and after being in the hospital for some time was discharged. In the early part of the autumn of 1864 he enlisted in Co. H, 204th regiment of Pa. Vols., and served until the close of the war, when he was mustered out of the United States service on June 18, 1865. He participated in I all the skirmishes and engagements in which his regiment was engoged and always discharged in a satisfactory manner all duty which fell to a . soldier's lot in a camp, during the march or on i a battle-field. After the war he was engaged for about nine years in mining and then entered the rolling-mill at Leechburg, where he was a heater for eight years. In 1884 he was a republican candidate for treasurer of Armstrong county and was elected by a handsome majority. He filled that office with satisfaction during his term. In 1888 he was nominated for sheriff, ran away ahead of his ticket and was elected by a majority of nine hundred and forty-five to suc- ceed a democratic incumbent of that office. As sheriff he has conscientiously endeavored to serve ARMSTRONG COUNTY. 349 the best interest of the county and its citizens, and according to public opinion has made a very good record. All public moneys ever entrusted in his hands have always been faithfully and accurately accounted for by him. A man of good judgment and recognized business ability, he is active and clear-headed in whatever he undertakes, and has made a conscientious and successful public official. He is a member of j Apollo Lodge, No. 437, A. Y. M., of Mineral Point Lodge, No. 615, 1. 0. 0. F., J. A. Hunter Post, No. 126, G. A. R., Encampment No. 62, U. V. L., and a member of the Methodist Epis- copal church. He is a strong republican and an , active worker for his party. He has the inter- i ests of labor at heart, and always worked for the true rights of the laboring class, was for many years a member of the Amalgamated Iron and Steel association, and was elected a delegate to national conventions of that body held in Cleveland, 1881, Chicago, 1882, and Philadel- phia, 1883. I On the 26th day of December, 1865, he united in marriage with Mary E. Ross, a daughter of Joseph E. and Elizabeth (Beck) Ross, of Arm- ! strong county. To Mr. and Mrs. Fiscus have been born ten children, of whom eight are living : Barbara B., a graduate of Indiana Normal school, an artist of considerable ability and now a student of medicine; Mary E., a student in the New England Conservatory of Music, Boston, Mass.; William W., Jr., assisting his father; Calvin C, Carl P., Ross E.and Moss P. (twins) ! and Narka E. William W. Fiscus has been the architect of his own fortune, and by honorable means has ac(juired a competency of this world's goods and a prominent place in the confidence and esteem of his fellow-citizens. GEORGE M. FOX, proprietor of the oldest undertaking and embalming establish- ment at Kittanning, is one of the undertakers, who nobly went to the aid of the Johnstown sufferers in 1889, and without pay helped pre- pare the dead for burial. He is a son of George and Alice (Hildebrand) Fox, and was born at Leechburg, Armstrong county, Pennsylvania, October 2, 1836. Of the different Fox families scattered throughout western Pennsylvania, and that were resident west of the Allegheny moun- tains prior to the present century, was the one from which George M. Fox is descended. His grandfather, John Fox, was a native of Ger- many, and came to this county, where he fol- lowed blacksmithing until his death in 1820. George Fox (father) was born in Armstrong county in 1800 and died at Clinton in 1869. He was a boatman on the Pennsylvania canal from Pittsburgh to Philadelphia and when the oil excitement came he engaged in boating oil down the Allegheny river. After some years he left the oil region and then spent a portion of his time in fishing in the Allegheny and Kiski- minetas rivers. He was an old-line whig until the organization of the Know-Nothing party when he became a democrat. He was an attendant of the Presbyterian church, and mar- ried Alice Hildebrand, who was born at the arsenal in Pittsburgh, in 1808, and died in War- ren county, June 14, 1888. They had thirteen children : George ]SL, William, May lona, George W^., John, Annie, Harriet, Angeline, Maggie, Susan, David, Alice and one which died young. Mrs. Fox's father, Comey Hilde- brand, was a native of England, came early in life to Pittsburgh, where he was in the garri- son for a while and then settled at Freeport, at which place he died in 1845. He spent much of his time on the Allegheny river, learned several of the Indian languages and served as an interpreter for some of the Indian tribes. He was a great favorite with the Indians and could have been a very large land-holder. George M. Fox was reared on a farm and received his education in the early common schools of Pennsylvania. Leaving school, he 350 BIOGRAPHIES OF HLEE GOERMAN. The press has been riglitly called a projjhet of free and beau- tiful tlioiight, and it has been appropriately said of it that it turns its volumes and papers into influences of diffused and illimitable power. Of the live and progressive democratic papers of Western Pennsylvania is The Kittanning Globe, edited by H. Lee Goerman, who is a sou of Leonard and Leah (King) Goerman. He was born in what is now Gilpin township, Arm- strong county, Pa., February 15, 1864. His learned plastering, to which he served an appi'enticeship of two years. He then went to Memphis, Tenn., where he was engaged in the ice business for two years, but the commencement of the late war caused him to return to Penn- sylvania, where he followed boating oil on tlie Allegheny river until 1866. Two years later he came to Kittanning, where, in 1870, he embarked in the undertaking business which he pursued successfully until the present time. In addition to his large and well-stocked under- taking establishment, he has attached an embalming department. He does all kinds of embalming and has a j)atronage that extends over a wide area of surrounding country. George M. Fox, on May 5, 1864, married Kate H. Lloyd, daughter of Ebeuezer Lloyd, who had been his i>redecessor in the undertaking business at Kittanning. George M. Fox is a member of Ariel Lodge, No. 688,1. O. O. F., Lodge No. 493, E. A. U., and the Methodist Episcopal church of Kittan- ning. He is a republican in politics and has served as a member of the town council. Mr. Fox owns houses in this borough, besides some other property. When the news of the Johns- town flood came to Kittanning, he and his nephew, Lloyd Green, repaired to the scene of the great disaster and gave together five weeks of their time, gratuitous, in preparing the dead bodies for burial. grandfathers, Leonard Goerman, Sr., and Simon King, were soldiers in one of the continental European wars, and both fought under the im- perial eagles of Napoleon Bonaparte, the " man of destiny," the latter (King) being a survivor of the historical freeze-out at Moscow. Leonard Goerman, Sr., came to Pennsylvania, where he first settled at Delmont, in Westmoreland county, but subsequently removed to Allegheny township and purchased a farm on which he spent his remaining years of life. His son, Leon- ard Goerman (father), was born in Darmstadt, Germany, in 1826, and at five years of age was brought by his parents to the United States. His first employment was farming, which he always followed excepting four years that were spent in the general mercantile business at Kelley station. He is a successful farmer, an earnest democrat and a member of the Lutheran church, in which he has served in all of its various local offices. He is an ardent supporter of popular education, has been school director for several terms and always labored zealously for the advancement of his township's public schools. He is au active member of the grange, in whose councils his opinion is often sought. He married Leah King, who was born in Butler county, and is a daughter of Simon King, a native of Germany, and one of Napoleon's vet- erans, who came to Western Pennsylvania. Mr. and Mrs. Georman are the parents of nine chil- dren, of whom six are living : John N., en- gaged in the mercantile business at Kelley sta- tion ; Simon L. (see sketch), H. Lee, Sadie E., William G., engaged in farming, and Melissa. H. Ijce Goerman received his education in the common and select schools of the commun- ity in which he was reared. He early displayed a taste for the "art preservative of all arts," and at fifteen years of age purchased a hand- press and opened a small job office. He next started the Centre valley Enterprise, but soon merged that sheet into the Leechburg Neivs and shortly formed a partnership with J. M. ARMSTRONG COUNTY. 351 Schwalm for the publication of the Leechburg Albatross (now Advurwe). He sold out his interest in the Albatross, in October, 1886, and in April, 1888, leased The KManniny Globe, which he and his brother purchased in Novem- ber following, and have successfully editetl and published ever since. The CUobe was founded by R. A. McCullough in 1884. H. Lee Goerman, on April 3, 1889, united in marriage with Amanda Schwalm, a daughter of John Schwalm, Sr., of Leechburg. Their union has been ble.ssed with one child, a daugh- ter, named Vera A. In politics he is an aggressive democrat, fully believing in the principles of his party, and considering no half-way course in their presen- tation. He is a member and deacon of St. John's Lutheran church. The Globe is a quarto sheet, 30 by 44 inches. It bears the headline of being the leading dem- ocratic paper in Armstrong county, while its edi- torials are strong enough to please the most rad- ical democrat. With six columns to the page, it gives interesting general news, selected miscel- lany and crisp items of local interest, gleaned by its special reporters and numerous corre- spondents. Mr. Goerman has aimed to make the Globe a faithful exponent of democratic principles as well as a newsy local paper, and has succeeded admirably in his attempt. SL. GOERMAN. The press to-day has a • wonderful influence over the people, whose character it moulds to a large extent and who.se policy it controls to a great degree. The news- papers of Kittanuing are among the important educational influences of Armstrong county and prominent among them is the Globe. S. L. Goerman, one of the proprietors and the active business manager of this paper, is tlie second son of Leonard and Leah (King) Ghoer- man, and was born on the old Goerman Home- stead in Allegheny (now Gilpin) township, Armstrong county, Penn.sylvania, January 23, 1862. The Goerman family made its appear- ance in this country al)out the close of the Napoleonic wars in Europe, when Leonard Goerman, Sr. (grandfather), came to Westmore- land county, Pa. He aftt^rwards became a res- ident of Allegheny township, where he reared a family of children, one of whom was Leonard Goerman (father). He was an influential citi- zen, a consistent member of the Lutheran church and a successful farmer. (For a more detailed family history see sketch of H. Lee Goerman.) On the farm where he was reared, S. L. Goerman was traineil to agricultural pursuit.?, and during that period of time received his education in the common schools of the neigh- I borhood. At twenty-two years of age (1884) he became a clerk for his father and elder brother in their store at Kelley's station, where, I on New Year's Day, 1885, he was commissioned po.stmaster, a position which he still holds, not- withstanding his pronounced democracy. One year later he was appointed ticket and freight agent by the A. V. R. R., but only served until the fall of 1887, when he resigned in order to remove to Butler, Pa., where ho purchased a lot and erected a house which he occupied for one year. He then bought a half-interest in the Globe, of which he became and has remained business manager up to the present time. He is a member of White Rock Lodge, No. 979, I. O. 0. F., and St. John's Evangelical church, of which his wife is also a member. April 19, 1885, he united in marriage with Anne Haney, a daughter of Jacob Haney, of Pittsburgh, Pa. They have two children: Amy and May. Mrs. Goerman is a graduate of the Pittsburgh Central High .school and taught for two years in the jiublic schools of her native city. She is an accomplished alto singer and is a member of the choir of St. John's church. At fourteen years of age she sang in 352 BIOOBAPHIES OF the Biugliam street M. E. church of Pitts- biirgli, where she led tlie alto part of the music, lu politics S. L. Goeriuan is au uuswerving democrat. He rauks high as cue of the youug progressive business men of Kittauning. Since becominor business manager of the Globe he has given his time and energy to the improvement and upbuilding of his paper, whose wide circu- lation to-day is the record of its influence and the result of his successful efforts. HJ. HAYS. One wiio stands well with his • own political party and so high with the citizens of this county as to be thrice-honored with a nomination for and an election as register and recorder of Armstrong county, is II. J. Hays, a prominent and leading citizen of Kit- i tanning. He was born in Pittsburgh, Pennsyl- vania, May 5, 1846, and is a son of J. P. and Caroline (Weigand) Hays. J. P. Hays was born April 9, 1825, in the kingdom of, Bavai-ia, which is now a part of the German i empire, and in 1832 accompanied his father, i Adam Hays (grandfather), to Pennsylvania ' where the latter located near Allentown and engaged for some time in the lumber business, after which he removed to Punxsutawney and then to Pittsburgh. J. P. Hays (father) was a man of far more than ordinary business ability ' and was soon engaged in several lines of trade in Pittsburgh, among which were merchandis- ing, lumbering and the tobacconist business. He was a republican from principle, who took a prominent part in political matters, yet never sought any office within the gift of his fellow- citizens. He was a plain and unassuming man who gave his time chiefly to his different busi- ness interests. He was a member of the I. O. O. F., Improved Order of Red Men, Knights of Pythias and the Lutheran church. He moved to Kittanning in 1852, and in 1870 was elected coroner for a terra of three years. He died August 10, 1887, aged sixty-two years. He married Catharine Weigand, who is a daugh- ter of Henry Weigand, of Pittsburgh, and re- sides now at Kittanning. To their union were born six children : H. J., P. W., a physician of Humboldt, Nebraska ; Caroline, Anna, who died at nine years of age ; W. B., a jeweler and watch-maker, and F. E., a clerk for his brother in the recorder's office. H. J. Hays was reared principally at Kit- tanning and received his education in the schools of that place. In 1866 he registered as a law student with Jackson Boggs, and after having completed the required course of read- ing he was admitted in 1869 to the bar of Armstrong county. From 1869 to 1872 he was a clerk in Alderman Strain's oflice of Pittsburgh. He then returned to Kittanning, where he was elected a justice of the peace, an office which he held continuously by election and appointment for over ten years. In 1881 Mr. Hays was elected recorder of records of Armstrong county. His legal knowletlge and nearly fifteen years of practical experience as an alderman's clerk and as a justice of the peace, peculiarly fitted him for the office of register and recorder. He transacted the business of his office in such an acceptable manner as to be re-elected in 1884, and losing none of his popu- larity during his second term he was nominated in 1887 and elected for a third term, which will expire during the present year (1890). He was elected chairman of the republican county com- mittee. He is a member of Kittanning Lodge, No. 344, I. O. O. F., Kittanning Lodge, No. 168, I. O. H., and Washington Grange, of the Patrons of Husbandry, Order of Solon, Kit- tunning, and Jr. O. U. A. M. May 2, 1883, he united in marriage with Isabella Hague, a daughter of Frederick Hague of Kittanning. H. J. Hays has served for an exceptionally long period as prothouotary and in that time has conducted the business of his office very correctly and with satisfaction to the people of ARMSTRONG COUNTY. 353 the county. But perhaps the best test of the public appreciation of Mr. Hays' ability as a public official and his high standing in the county is to be found in the simple fact that after serving one term as register and recorder the peojjle elected him for a second and after that for a third term. He has filied his office hon- orai)ly, is one of the prominent men of the county and has a wide circle of friends. HEILMAN BROS. James M., William M. and John F. Heilman, tlie members of the well-known and prominent planing-raill and general contracting firm of Heilman Bros., of Kittanning, are sous of Peter and Elizabeth (Rcmaley) Heilman and were born on their father's farm in Kittanning township, Arm- strong county, Pennsylvania. Their patei'nal grandfather, Frederick Heilman, was born and reared in Pauphin county, this State, and upon attaining his majority came to Kittanning town- shij), where he was engaged in farming until las death, at the age of fifty-six years. He was a whig in politics, a lutheran in religious belief, and married Margaret Elinger, a native of Armstrong county, by whom he had several children. His eldest son, Peter Heilman (father), was born in July, 1819, on the home farm, on which he died February 25, 1878. He was a highly successful farmer, operated a large brick-yard on his laml and was a stirring business man. He was elected county commis- sioner in 1871, and was a member of the board which erectetl the present handsome and durable jail, of which Armstrong county is justly jiroud. It is 50x114 feet in dimensions, constructetl of stone, brick and iron, and was completed in 1873 at a total cost of $252,000. Its foundation is 24 feet deep, down from the surface and seven feet wide at the buttom. Those who are com- petent to judge have pronouucetl it one of the finest and strongest jails in the United States. At the expiration of his term as county commis- , sioner Peter Heilman returned to his farm and resumed his agricultural pursuits, which he fol- lowed until his death. He was a republican, and served as an enrolling officer during the late war. He also served as school director and I was an officer for many years in Emanuel Lutheran church, of which he was a highly esteemed and very liberal member. His first : wife was a Miss Hellfrick, by whom he had ! two children. For his .second wife he married I Elizabeth Renialey, who is a daughter of An- I thony Remaley,of Kiskirainetas township. They reared a family of ten children. Of the.se chil- dren are James M., William M., Reuben, a hardware merchant; Eliza, Edward, in thehard- warebusiness ; John F. and Frank and Curt in A., furniture dealers of Greensburg, Pa. James M. Heilman was born September 26, 1848. He received his education in the common schools, and became a contractor, in which busi- ness he was soon joined by his brother William F. In 1878 they admitted their brother, John F., and formed the well-known firm of Heil- man Bros. In connection with their extensive contracting they erected a large planing-mill, whose various machinery is driven by a fifty- horse-power engine They build a first-class grade of houses and do over $100,000 worth of business yearly in Armstrong, Allegheny, But- ler, Venango and Westmoreland counties. James M. Heilman is a republican and a mem- ber of the Presbyterian church and the I. O. O. F. He married, on February 22, 1872, Eliza, daughter of Sharon tiuigley, of Boggs township, and has two children : Sharon P., amediad stu- dent, and Arthur M. William M. Heilman was born .\pril 7, 1850, and is the second partner in the firm. He mar- • ried Emma, daughter of Robert Anderson, and has five children living : Harry, Frank, Maude, Walter and Blanche. He is a republican and a member of the Masonic and Odd Fellows fra- ternities. John F. Heilman, the junior partner of the 354 BIOGRAPHIES OF JOSEPH R. HENDERSON, a prominent " and well-known lawyer of the Kittanning bar, and a siiecessfnl and popular republican leader of Armstrong county, enjoys the proud distinction of having been one of the youngest boys who servefl in the Union armies durins the late civil war. He is a son of John and Elizabeth (Fleming) Henderson and was born near Dayton, in Wayne township, Armstrong county, Pennsylvania, October 8, 1848. He traces his ancestiy back to the Hendersons of the north of Ireland, who were a brave, daring and hardy race of people and whose descend- ants have been more or less prominent in civil and military affairs wherever they have settled. Thomas Henderson (paternal grandfather) left \^ Ireland on account of the part he took against 'the English government in his native country. One of his friends, an ardent advocate of Irish independence, was hanged one day in his pres- ence, and he immediately came to America to • avoid the certainty of imprisonment and a probability of execution. He was married in Ireland and his wife was drowned some years after their arrival in this country in the Loyal- hanna creek, near Saltsburg. He was an old time presbyterian, who was devoted to the re- ligious faith of his forefathers. He reared a firm, was born March 26, 1854. After attend- ing the common schools he entered Duff's Busi- ness college, and was graduated from that institution in 1878. He then joined his brothers in the firm of which he has been a member ever since. He married, on December 2.3, 1880, Christina Granninger, of Kittanning, and has three children : Mary E., Herbert G. and Ruth A. He is a republican in politics j and a member of the Reformed church of Kit- tanning and the Masonic fraternity. He is a man of recognized business ability and possesses energy and push, the same as his brothers, James M. and William M. family of three sons and several daughters. One of his sons is Joseph Henderson, of Blairsville, Indiana county. Pa., while another was John Henderson (father), who was born on Conneaut Lake, in Crawford county. Pa. In 1807 he moved with his father to Westmoreland county, where they settled near New Alexandria and where the latter died. Alwut 1 830 John Henderson remov- ed to near the site of Dayton, this county, when that section of country was a perfect wilderness, with but here and there a solitary clearing and a lone settler's cabin. By hard labor he cleared out a fine farm, on which he resided till his death. He was a republican and had been an elder in the Presbyterian church for over forty years. His wife was Elizabeth Fleming, a daughter of Thomas Fleming, who was a mem- ber of the old and respected Fleming family of Indiana county. They had five children, three sons and two daughters : Joseph R., Isabella, wife of William Lamb, of Peabody, Marion county, Kansas ; and Sophia M., a teacher in the public schools of Kittanning, and two who are dead. Joseph R. Henderson was reared on his fath- er's farm. He received his education in the public schools and Dayton academy. At thir- teen years of age he ran away from home and went to Philadelphia, where he enlisted, Febru- ary 23, 1864, in Co. K, 14th Pa. Cavalry, but his parents demanded and secured his release. He afterwards enlisted (1864) in Co. I, 112th regiment. Pa. Vols., but was transferred to the 19th New York Independent Battery, and on account of not being able to engage in the marches was made powder monkey. He served creditably for eighteen days in the Wilderness fights and in all the battles from Spottsylvania to Lee's surrender at " Appomattox Court- House." He was discharged January 20, 1866, aud was one of the youngest boys who served in the late war. He returned home, attended Dayton academy, taught several terms and spent one year (1870) at West Point Military ABMSTRONG COUNTY. 355 academy. But having a decided taste for legal pursuits, he abandoned the profession of arras and in 1873 entered the law office of Hon. Ed- ward S. Golden. At June term, 1875, he was admitted to the Armstrong county bar and since then has been one of the well-established and successful lawyers of Kittanning. In poli- tics he is an ardent republican, served as chair- man of the republican county committee of Armstrong county, and was a delegate to the Stale convention at Harrisburg, in June, 1890. In 187(5 he was elected district attorney, which office he filled efficiently. He is a member of the Grand Army of the Republic, Ijodge No. 244, F. and A. M., and the First Presby- terian church of Kittanning. He was married on April IS, 1888, to Sallie E. Barnaby, daughter of A. M. Baruaby, of Brady's Bend, this couuty. They have one child, a son, who is named Marcus Hender- son. Joseph R. Henderson is very fond of music and art and is able to appreciate the finished prodnctions of the one and the masterpieces of the other. Through life he has met with good success. As a lawyer he ranks high at the Kit- tanning bar. As a public speaker he is pleas- ant, entertaining and eloijiient. He is a logical and forcible reasoner, and before a jury always makes a strong impression. He is clever and generous, is public-spirited and progressive, and while not seeking every opportunity to push himself forward, yet is popular throughout his county and wherever he is known. i LRERT G. HENRY. Laurentius pro- -tl duccd the germ and started the growth of the art of printing, Guttenberg cultivated it and Schaeffer beheld it blossom in his hands. From that day on its growth has been rapid and wonderful. Of the press of this county a paper that deserves especial mention is the Armstrong Republican, whose editor, Albert G. Henry, has been engaged in journalism for over a third of a century. He was born at Beaver, Beaver county, Pennsylvania, and is a son of Hon. Thomas and Sarah Henry. Hon. Thom- as Henry was born in Ireland, in 1780, and I was brought by his parents, in 1783, to Beaver, Pa., where he resided until his death, in 1849. In the war of 1812 he raised a corapauy of which he was elected captain, and which he took as far as Erie, where he was taken very ' ill, and was brought down the Allegheny river in a skiff to Pittsburgh. After a long spell of sickness he recovered, and in 1818 established the Beaver Argtia, which he afterwards dis- posed of to his son William, who published it for twenty-five years. He was a prominent citizen and a man of influence in Beaver county, in which he served, at different periods, as reg- ister and recorder, prothonotary, treasurer and \ sheriff. He represented his county for two years in the Pennsylvania legislature, was elected to Cimgress in 1836, 1838 and 1840; and at the expiration of his last term of service he declined are-nomination on account of ill health. While ■ in Congress he served on several important committees, was a personal and intimate friend of Joshua R. Giddings, and pursued a course that was highly satisfactory to his party. He was an old-line vvhig, who advocated a strong tariff, and was prominent in the councils of the whigs of his county. He was engaged for some time in the mercantile business at Beaver, where he served for twenty-five years as an elder in the Presbyterian church. The family consisted often children. Albert G. Henry received his education at Beaver academy and then learned the printing business with his brother William, who was then editing the Beaver Argus. He purchased a half-interest in the paper, and in connection with Michael Weyand, who bought the other half, edited it until 1855, when he sold his interest. He then went to Pittsburgh, and afler two years spent in the mercantile business. 356 BIOORAPHIES OF he removed to Davenport, Iowa. In 1858 he returned to Beaver, which he left eight years later to take charge of the Armstrong Deiiwcrat. He changed the name to that of Armstrong Republican and has continued to publish it until the present time. It is one of the two repulili- can papers of the county, and while fully alive to all the leading political issues of the day yet its columns are filled with the latest town and county news. It also contains carefully se- lected reading matter for the fireside and the farm. On Sept. 2.3, 18.52, he married Nancy M., daughter of William Miles, of Blair county, and a granddaughter of Gen. John Mitchell, | once prominent in Pennsylvania politics. Of the five children born unto them three are liv- ing : Frank Dalzel, associated with liis father in the newspaper business; William, part owner of the Rejniblican and chief of the Indian divi- sion of the treasury department in Washington City ; and Annie M., widow of P. R. Mere- dith. A. G. Henry was a whig, and cast his first vote for Zuchary Taylor. He is a republican and attends the Presbyterian church, and de- votes his time principally to the editing and management of his paper. pHARLES NEWTON HENRY, ex-county ^ auditor and ex-deputy sheriff of Armstrong county, and one of the reliable and energetic business men of Kittauning, was born in that part of Armstrong which is now included in i Clarion county, Pennsylvania, August 28, 1830, and is a son of Robert and Elizabeth (Kirk- patrick) Henry. Among the natives of Scot- ', land who wei-e pioneer settlers of Derry town- ship, Westmoreland county, was Ca])t. John [ Henry (grandfather), who commanded a com- ! pany during the Revolutionary war. In 1849 he moved to what is now Clarion county, where he died. He married a Miss McConnell, of near Shippensburg, in the Cumberland Valley, this State, and left a family of eight children. One of his sons, Charles Henry, served in the war of 1812. Another son (the eldest), Robert Henry (father), was born in 1785, on his father's Derry township farm, and came in 1804 to Red Bank township (now Monroe township, Clarion county) township, where he followed farming until his death, in 1858. He was six feet two inches in height, ,owned over seven hundred acres of land and raised large cpiantities of grain. He was a Jacksonian democrat, a prominent elder in the Presbyterian church and an upright man who strictly observed the old-time Sab- bath. He was twice married. His first wife was Elizabeth Kirkpatrick, by whom he had eleven children, of whom the subject of this sketch is the tenth. She came with her father, Moses Kirkpatrick (maternal graudflitlier), from Ireland to Westmoreland county. After her death JMr. Henry married Nancy McElhany, who bore him three children. Charles N. Henry was reared in Clarion county, where he worked on the farm and at- tended the common schools until he was seven- teen years of age, when he went to learn the trade of tanner. At the end of a two years' ap- prenticeship he engaged in tanning and farming, which he followed for several years. In 1870 he came to Kittauning, where he engaged in his present livery business. In politics Mr. Henry has always been a democrat, and cast his first presidential ballot for James Buchanan. He acted as deputy sheriff under Sheriffs Alex- ander Montgomery, Sr., and John B. Boyd, and in 188(3 was elected as one of the audit- ors of Armstrong county. He discharged well the duties of that office. He was a candidate on the democratic ticket once for sheriff, and was so popular as to be defeated by only seventy-two votes in a county whose republi- can majority is seldom less than fifleen hun- dred. He has held several important mail contracts in the county. He is a member of ARMSTRONG COUNTY. 357 the Royal Arcanum and the Knights of Honor. January 2, 1855, he married Susan Turney, daughter of Daniel Turney and cousin to Hon. Jacob Turney, of Greensburg, and a granddaugh- ter of Rev. Michael Steck, who was one of the pioneers of lutheranism west of the Alle- ghenies. They are the parents of three chil- dren : Clara, wife of Irvin Blaney ; John Tur- ney, in the livery business at Craigsville; and Louisa Caroline. In the livery business Mr. Henry has made it an object to please his patrons by the best of attention, as well as by furnishing them with first-class conveyances and fine driving and rid- ing horses. All business enterprises of which he has had the management have been conducted according to correct business principles, and with satisfaction to all who were interested. BOYD S. HENRY, the present popular and successful prothonotary of Armstrong county, is the youngest man who has ever been honored with an election to that important office in the county. He was born six miles west of Kittanning, at the village of Worthington, Arm- strong county, Pa., February 14, 1858, and is the youngest son of David and Mary (Scott) Henry. His paternal grand father, James Henry, was born and reared to manhood in the historic north of Ireland, where he married Sarah Richmond, and, two years afterward, came to western Penn- sylvania. He was a stonemason by trade, a United Presbyterian in religious belief, and a republican in political sentiment. He died in 1882 at an advanced age, having survived his wife four years. He had nine children, of whom two sous, David and James, enlisted as soldiers in the late war. David Henry (father) was born in Ireland, August 4, 1824, shortly before his parents came to this country. He was engaged in farming till 1861, when he was one of the first to enlist from this county in response to President Lincoln's call for troops. He became a member of Company D, 100th regiraeiit, Pa. Vols., better known as the " Roundhead " regiment, which was so famous in the war annals of the Great Rebellion. He served with his regiment in all of its numerous skirmishes and many battles, until it had passetl through the fiery ordeal of the W'ilder- derness fights, and was drawn up before Cold Harbor. In the magnificent and terrific Union charge ujwn the fortified works at that place he was among the foremost of his regiment to scale the Confederate breastworks, on which he was cut down by a sabre-stroke in a hand-to- hand encounter. He was a model soldier in every respect, and ranked as one of the bravest men in the Army of the Potomac. He fell nobly in the defence of his coimtry's liberties, and his memory will ever be res|)ected and honored in his adopted county, while his name is inscribed on the roll of fallen heroes whom the Republic will honor for all time to come. He was a member of the Presbyterian church, a man of high standing in his community, and one of the early agitators of tli« slavery ques- tion in Armstrong county. On June 19, 1845, he married Mary Scott, who was born April 10, 1825, and passed away in 1861, when in the thirty-sixth year of her age. She was a daughter of Joseph Scott, who was a native of Scotland, served in the war of 1812, and died in Butler county on March 4, 1866, His wife was Elizabeth Boyd, who was born January 4, 1801, and died November 9, 1834. To Mr. and Mrs. Henry were born seven children, of whom five are living : James H., a farmer of Republic county, Kau.sas; Elizabeth, who resides at Poland, Ohio ; Mary, wife of George Kirk, a machinist, of Pitts- burgh, Pa. ; Sarah, married to John White, likewise a machinist of the " Iron City," and Boyd S. Boyd S. Henry was educated in the Union school at Worthington and the public schools 358 BIOGRAPHIES OF at Kittanuing. He afterwards attended the Iron City college of Pittsburg, and was grad- uated from that noted commercial institution, whose alumni include thousands of our wealth- iest and most prominent business men. His first employment in a public character was in the prothonotary's office, where he served as a deputy for four years. He was then (1880) appointed deputy sheriff, in which capacity he acted efficiently for seven years. His energy and faithfulness while serving in those two offices constantly gained him friends and influ- ence, and in 1887 he was nominated for pro- thonotary by the Republican party and elected by a majority of nearly sixteen hundred. He assumed charge of that office in 1888, and his discharge of its duties has been so satisfactory to bis own party and the public that he has been re-nominated (1890) without opposition in the Republican party, while present indications warrant him a generous support at the polls, independent of political consideration. On December 15, 1887, he united in marriage with Elizabeth Campbell, daughter of S. K. Camp- bell, of Kittanning. Of the eighteen persons who have served as prothonotaries of Armstrong county since its organization, from March 12, 1800, to Decem- ber, 1890, Mr. Henry is the last and was elected at an earlier age than any of his prede- cessors. Attentive, obliging and active, he has fairly won the success which has crowned the early efforts of his life. FRANK W. HILL, prominent in the insur- ance and real estate business at Kittan- ning and a descendant of one of the oldest families of Pennsylvania, which was planted in the eastern part of the State two hundred and twelve years ago, is a son of John W. and Jane B. (Parks) Hill, and was born in Allegheny township, Armstrong county, Pennsylvania, June 14, 1863. The Hills trace their ancestry back to a Hill who settled in eastern Pennsyl- vania four years prior to William Penn's settle- ment on the site of Philadeljjhia in 1682. One of his descendants was John Hill (great-grand- father), who was born in Lancaster and re- moved to Westmoreland county, this State, where his son, Hon. Jacob Hill (grandfather), was born. He was a prominent and u.seful man, was a contractor on tlie old Pennsylvania canal, then kept a store and hotel at Leech burg, and about 1845 purchased a farm of five hun- dred acres, in what is now Parks township, upon which he resided until his death in 1876. He served as a member of the General As- sembly of Pennsylvania for two terms — from 1842 to 1846. He was well informed, gave general satisfaction as a legislator and was a man of ability and influence. He was over six feet in height and of good personal appearance and agreeable manners. He was a strict luth- eran, a Jacksonian democrat and married Han- nah Eulem, by whom he had four sons and five daughters. One of these sous was John W. Hill (father), who was born in Allegheny town- ship, Westmoreland county, Peimsylvania, May 22, 1828. In early life became to Armstrong county and was engaged in farmiug until 1884, when he moved to near Greenville, Mercer county. Pa., where he purchased and still owns a well-improved farm. He is a democrat from principle, has held various township offices and belongs to the Lutheran church, in which he has served as an officer at different times. He mar- ried Jane Parks, daughter of John Parks, of Parks township. To their union have been born six children, of whom five are living, Frank W.IIill was reared near Leechburg, and I'eceived his education in the common schools and the public .schools of the above-mentioned place. His attendance at school was inter- rupted for one year, which he spent as a clerk in a store. Leaving school, he became a sales- man in a Bradford (Pa.) carpet house, which 13ositiou be held for two years and then (1884) ARMSTRONG COUNTY. 359 resigned to engage in the insurance business. One year later he removed toKitlauniug, where he purchased the insurance office of Josepli Painter and since that time has been engagek a great interest in the mining and manufacturing interests of the State, and it is due to his unceasing efforts that we have to-day the "Colonial Records" and "Pennsylvania Archives." He was nominated for re-election by the Whig party, but was defeated. During the late war he rendered valuable service in organizing troops for the Union army, in fortifying Pitts- burgh and aidingWest Virginia with ammunition in a ci itical hour. President Johnson appointed him collector of the port of Philadelphia, and, although he served efficiently for several months and made a splendid record as a col- lector, yet he was rejected by the Senate on ac- count of its hostility to the president. On April 12, 1832, Governor Johnston mar- ried Mary Monteith. To their union were born five sons and two daughters. Governor Johnston through life was a man of uncommon physical powers, iron will and un- tiring energy. Amid all his cares of business and responsibilities of office he preserved his reputation for honesty, integrity and morality. His life of usefulness closed on October 25, 1872, when he passed to the unseen world. 360 BIOGRAPHIES OF REV. FRANK X. KETTL, a scholarly, able, earnest and faithful young pastor of the Catholic church and now in charge of St. Mary's Catholic church, at Kittauning, was born at Hollidaysburg, Blair county, Pennsylvania, January 22, 1865, and is a son of John and Mary (Lelmar) Kettl. John Kettl was born iu the southern part of the kingdom of Bavaria, on December 9, 1819, and died at Hollidaysburg, Pa., August 6, 1876. He emigrated from Bavaria to Hollidaysburg about 1850, and be- came a foreman for the Blair & Cambria Iron company. He often served in the same capacity for contractors ou stone, wood and iron work. He was very popular as a foreman with jjoth his employers and the men who worked under him, on account of his honesty, fairness and kind disposition. He was a democrat in politics and a strict member of the Catholic church. He was married in Bavaria to Mary Lelmar. They had nine sons and one daughter, of whom all are living except Louis, who was killed by a train iu the yards of the P. R. R. Co., at Altoona. Frank X. Kettl was reared at Hollidaysburg and received his education in Fon du Lac col- lege, Wisconsin, and St. Vincent's abbey and college, Westmoreland county. Pa. Having his mind directed to the ministry, he fitted for the priesthood at St. Viuceut's abbey, which was founded in 1846 by the saintly Rt. Rev. Boni- face Wimmer, who revived iu America the grand institutions of the Benedictine abbeys of the middle ages, from which many nations of Europe first received the glad tidings of Christianity. Rev. Kettl's first appointment after being ordained to the priesthood was as assistant to Rev. John Shell, with whom he remained about fourteen months. He was then stationed at Huntiugdou, but in a short time was appointed pastor of St. Mary's church, at Kittanning, of which he assumed charge on December 16, 1888. In addition to the membership of one hundred and ten families at Kittanning, he has charge of the Ford City congregation and the care of twenty families at Nicholson's ruu. St. Mary's church was organized about 1851. The first services were held at the house of William Sir- well, and subsequently at private houses, the academy and court-house until 1853, when the present brick church was built on the corner of High and Water streets. Tiie ministers of this church have been Revs. Mitchell, Gray, Scanlan, Phelan, O'Rourke, Lambing, Dignam, and Frank X. Kettl, the present pastor. Rev. Kettl has always sustained pleasant relations with his people in the different charges M'hich he has filleil, and his present pastorate has been characterized by a high degree of harmony. He is a finely educated and courteous gentleman, an earnest and successful laborer in his sacred calling and is well respected by all who know him. DR. MARTIN LUTHER KLINE. Among Kittanning's leading and successful dentists is Dr. Martin Luther Kline, who has been in the active and continuous practice of his pro- fession for over twenty years at Armstrong's counfy-seat. He was born in Clearfield county, Pa., June 8, 1847, and is a .son of Martin and Rachel (Owens) Kline. His paternal grand- father, Solomon Kline, wa.s a representative farmer of the day in which he lived. He re- moved some years after his marriage from Indi- ana to Clearfield county, M'here he purchased a farm and spent the remainder of his days in its cultivation and improvement. His son, Martin Kline (father), was born in Indiana couuty, but was reared in Clearfield county, where, in addi- tion to fanning, he was engaged in the lumber business. He was a democrat from principle, a Methodist in religious belief and church-mem- bership and a useful citizen of the community in which he resided until his death, in 1874, at 56 years of age. His wife was Rachel Owens, a daughter of John Owens, of Clearfield county. ARMSTRONG COUNTY. 361 They were the parents of twelve children, of whoiu nine are living. Mrs. Rachel Kline was born and reared in Clearfield county. M. L. Kline was reared on a farm. He re- ceived his education in the common schools of Clearfield county and commenced life for him- self by engaging in the lumber business on the Susquehanna river which he followed for seven years. He then studied dentistry with his uncle, Dr. Owens, of Kittanniug, and in 1870 formed a partnership with his preceptor which lasted for three years. At the end of this time he purchased his uncle's interest and practiced until 1888, when lie admitted Dr. E. H. Wright into partnership with him. He is a member of the Royal Arcanum, Knights of Honor and Sr. 0. U. A. M. He is a democrat, but takes no leading part in politics and devotes his time principally to his large and rapidly increasing practice. He is a fine workman and has a well-fitted up and completely furnished office. Marcli 14th, 1872, he married Martha E. Hamlin, daughter of John Hamlin. To their union have been born three children : George K., Lulela H. and Beula Blanche, aged respec- tively seventeen, twelve and seven years. Dr. E. H. Wright, the junior member, was born near Kelley's station, April 21, 18G3, and is a son of J. H. Wright, who was born Feb- ruary 22, 1837, at Mifflintown, Juniata county. Pa., attended Washington and Jefferson college and Gettysburg seminary, and removed to Arm- strong county about 1840. E. H. Wright was educated at the Elderton select school, studied dentistry, and was graduated from the Oiiio Dental college, March 4, 1884. He practiced at Elderton until 1887, when he removed to Kittanniug and became a partner with Dr. Kline. He married, December 20th, 1887, Jose- phine, daughter of Thomas Morgan, of Fox- burg, Pa. He is a republican and a member of 1. O. O. F., Royal Arcanum and Jr. O. U. A. M. He is a first-class dental surgeon, and the 22 firm is well-known as one of the leading dental firms of the county. . MERION F. LEASON is accorded a place in the front rank of the membera of the Armstrong county bar, and is recognized as one of the leading lawyers of the Twenty-fifth Congressional District, which has many public men who are prominent and distinguished in the legal profession. He is a son of Rev. Thomas Shark and Mary Moore (Laird) Lea- son, and was born at Leechburg, Armstrong county, Pennsylvania, in 1854. Rev. Thomas Shark Leason was born in Venango township, Butler county, Pennsylvania, April 29, 1817. After completing his academic studies, lie en- tered, in June, 1844, tlie sophomore class of Washington college, from which celebrated in- stitution of learning he was graduated. He then commenced his theological studies at the Western Theological seminary, and was grad- uated from that well-known religious institu- tion. He was ordained as a minister of the Presbyterian church, and his first charge was Marietta, Ohio, where he resided but two years on account of his health. He then removed to Leechburg, where he remained in charge of the Presbyterian church of that place for ten years. He resigned at Leechburg in order to accept a call as pastor of the Mt. Tabor congregation of Jefferson county. Pa., where he has served acceptably ever since. He was a representative of the Christian commis- sion during the late war, and was stationed with the western army. Of fine education and sound theological views, he is a forcible and impressive speaker and an earnest and success- ful worker in the vineyard of his Divine Master. He honors his sacred calling by a consistent Christian life, whicii has won for him the respect and esteem of all wlio know him. He married Mrs. Mary Moore Stewart, widow of William B. Stewart, of Pittsburgh, 362 BIOGRAPHIES OF and youngest daughter of Rev. Francis Laird, D.D., of Westmoreland county. Tliey have four children, of whom three are living: Mer- ion F., Melissa and Elsie. Mrs. Mary Moore (Laird) Leason was born at Locust Dale, Westmoreland county, Pa., in 1816. Her father, Rev. Francis Laird, was of that grand old Scotch-Irish race that has made its impress on the civil and religious institutions of this country for all time to come. He was a man of unusual ability, a fine classical scholar aud a highly-esteemed minister. He was a gradu- ate of Dickinson college, and was a power in maintaining and spreading presbyteriauism in western Pennsylvania. He was the youngest son of William Laird, of Adams county, Pa., who married Jane McClure, and whose father, William Laird, Sr., was the son of John aud Martha (Russel) Laird, respectively of Scoteh- Irish and English lineage, and who emigrated from England to Adams county, this State, about 1760. Rev. Francis Laird married Mary Moore, daughter of Hon. John Moore, a son of William and Jennett (Wilson) Moore, of Lancaster county, "Pa., and who was the first president-judge of Westmoreland county, Pa., and also was a member of the first Constitu- tional Convention of Pennsylvania aud a State Senator prior to 1790. Judge Moore's wife was a Miss Parr, a daughter of Isaac Parr, of New Jersey, a woman of intelligence, vivacity and fine personal appearance. Merion F. Leason was reared in his native county, where he has always resided. He at- tended the common schools, completed the course of Tuscarora academy, and in Septem- ber, 1872, entered Princeton college, from which famous institution of learning he was graduated in 1876. After graduation he passed the preliminary law examination, read law with W. L. Stewart, of Brook ville, and was admit- ted to the county bar in February, 1877. In the fall of that year he removed to Kittanning, where he has been engaged ever since in the successful practice of his profession. In 1879 he was elected district attorney, and satisfacto- rily discharged the duties of tliat office. In 1889 he was the republican candidate for judge of the Thirty-third judicial district of Pennsyl- vania, composed of the county of Armstrong, but was defeated on account of dissensions within his own party. June 30, 1880, he united in marriage with Hannah Reynolds, a daughter of Jefferson Reynolds, of this county. They have three children ; Mary Laird, Jeiferson Reynolds and Helen Maude, aged, respectively, nine, seven, and one and one-half years. M. F. Leason is a member of the Masonic fraternity and a Royal Arch Mason. He prac- tices in the courts of Armstrong and adjoining counties, and before the Supreme Court of Pennsylvania, to which he was admitted Octo- ber 25, 1880, on motion of John Gilpin. CHARLES LENZ, a successful merchant and enterprising citizen of Kittanning, was born in the Province of Nassau, Prussia, March 17, 1838, aud is a son of Jacob and Elizabeth (Miller) Lenz, both natives of Germany. Jacob Lenz (father) was a miner in his native country, where he resided until his death, in 1850, when fifty years of age. He v^as a member of the Evangelical Lutheran church. He married Elizabeth Miller, and they were the parents of six children. Mrs. Lenz died at her home in Germany in 1872, when in the sixty-fourth year of her age. Charles Lenz was reared in the kingdom of Prussia, and received his education in the ex- cellent public schools of his native country. Leaving school, he engaged in the mining busi- ness until 1871, when he came to the United States. He first located in McKeesport, this State, where he remained one year, and then came to Kittanning, where he has resided ever since. In 1875 he engaged in the mercantile ARMSTRONG COUNTY. 363 business, in which lie has coutiuued successfully up to the present time. He is also a stockholder in the natural gas company at Kittanning. On April 23, 1865, Mr. Lenz married Caro- line Heidersdorf, daughter of Philip Heiders- dorf, a native of Germany. Two children have blessed this union : Henrietta and Lizzie, who are both at home. Charles Lenz is a republican in political matters, and is always prompt, energetic and successful in any enterprise in which he engages. His mercantile establishment is on Jefferson street, at Kittanning. He carries a well-assorted and heavy stock of groceries, and has a good trade. By natural business ability, good judg- ment and courteous treatment of his patrons, he has been very successful in business. He is a memlier of the Evangelical Lutheran church, in which he is also an elder. He is a member of Kittanning Lodge, No. 1511, Knights of Honor. Mr. Lenz owns considerable real estate within the borough limits of Kittanning, where he is known as a man of energy and reliability. REV. HENRY L. MAYERS. One who has gi'own in favor and confidence with his people by his earnestness of purpose and the integrity of his character is Rev. Henry L. Mayers, the present pastor of the First Presby- terian church of Kittanning. He was born at Millersburgh, Ohio, December 29, 1847, and is a son of Lewis and Sarah Wheaton Mayers. Lewis Mayers was born in Wurmz, Germany, October, 1811, and died at Millersburgh, Ohio, August 1, 1883, ageloy a force of one hundred and eighty persons in their works. The members of the company are J. Wick, Jr., Frederick Wick, C. J. Moesta and Frank A. Moesta. Frank A. Moesta has always been a republi- can and is the youngest councilman that has ever been elected at Kittanning. He is a mem- ber of the Reformed church, and stands well in business circles, where he is favorably known as a man of energy, activity and success. ARSHALL B. OSW^ALD. Theprintiug- -L'-l- press, the light and life of the world's mod- ern civilization, made its appearance at Kittan- ning as early as 1810. To-day the oldest paper in Armstrong county, and one of the representative republican newspapers o( western Pennsylvania, is the Union Free Press of Kittanning, pub- iishefl by M. B. Oswald & Son. Marsliall B. Oswald was born in Franklin county, Pennsyl- vania, and is a son of Benjamin and Sarah A. (Brenham) Oswald. In Maryland among its wealthy planters was John Oswald, whose son, Benjamin Oswald (fatiier), was born in 1803. He resided near Hagcrstown, in the western part of that State, until about 183.3, when he removed toChambersburg, Pa., where he publisheil, for three years, the Chambersbitrg Whig, which is now the Repository. He then went to Lancas- ter, Ohio, where he remained two years and published a weekly paper in the interests of the Whig party. Not deeming the inducements and advantages of his Ohio field of journalism to be such as could be found in the older States of the American Union, he returned in 1838 to Pennsylvania, where he selected Kittanning as a favorable point for newspaper success. On April 5, 1838, he purchased the Kittanning Gazette and in the first week of May, 1841, changed the name to that of the Democratic Press and afterwards to the Kittanning Free P/'Cs.s, w^hich name it bore until his death, March 17, 1855. He was a well educated 370 BIOGRAPHIES OF man, wielded a ready pen and expressed his thoughts upon any topic of general interest or subject of political agitation in good style and vigorous English. He was an old-line whig and later a republican and served as postmaster of Kittanning from 1841 to 1845, having been commissioned by President William Henry Harrison. He also served as justice of the peace and school director, besides hokliug various other borongh offices. He was a member of the Protestant Episcopal church and married Sarah A. Brenham, who was a daughter of John Brenham, of near Hagerstown, Maryland, and died August 7, 1889, aged eighty-one years. | They were the parents of nine children. Marshall B. Oswald was reared principally at Kittanning, where he received his education in the public schools of that place. He learned the trade of printer, wiiich he followed for several years. From 1861 to 1867 he served as mail agent between Kittanning and Pittsburgh. In 1867 he purchased his present paper, the Union Free Press, which is the name that had been bestowed upon the old Kittanning Free Press when it was purchased from Mrs. Oswald in May, 1864, by a publishing company. He conducted tiie paper successfully until 1890, when he admitted his son, John R. Oswald, as a partner of the present new.spaper firm of H. B. Oswald of choice reading matter and important advertise- ments. It is a newsy local sheet, independent in politics and having a circulation of over two thousand copies. It is jiublished in the Times building on Friday of each week at one dollar per year. It makes a specialty of local news and aims to present, in brief but interesting par- agraphs, the substance of the latest happenings in the borough and the county. It also gives a large amount of selected miscellany valuable to every class and profession ; nor is it neglectful of the political news, as it spreads before its read- ers, in concise form, the great or notable political events of the day, M'ith the platforms and movements of every political party asking for the support of the people. A complete job printing department has been organized and thoroughly fittted up Mith first-class machinery and is kept very busy in filling the orders which it is constantly receiving. Christmas day, 1877, he united in marriage with Jennie M. Williams, of Kittanning. They have two children : Harry Temple Simpson, born September 3d, 1879, and Rowland B. Simpson, born April 16th, 1883. In political sentiment Mr. Simpson is a strong republican. He was elected coroner of the county in 1888, and on February, 1890, was elected as one of the justices of the peace for Kittanning. He is a past regent in the Royal Arcanum, past dictator in the Knights of Honor, district deputy in the Knights of Honor, past archon in the Heptasophs, district deputy in the O. U. A. M., and was the representative of District No. 3, Knights of Labor, to the State convention of that organization in 1887. John T. Simpson has wasted naught of life in idleness or inactivity. Ever moving, always ac- tive, he has won success and position by his own unaided efforts. T lEUTENANT ROBERT S. SLAY- i-^ MAKER, the lately elected register and recorder of Armstrong county, and at present the chief clerk in that office, is one who is not only well-known for his ability to transact busi- ' ness with ease and energy, but also for his cour- teous and kind attention to all with whom he comes in contact. He was born in Lower Win- sor township, York county, Pennsylvania, Oc- tober 16, 1838, and is a son of Samuel R. and Anna M. (Smith) Slaymaker. His paternal great- grandfather, Henry Slaymaker (or Schlier- macher, as the name was originally written), was a native of Germany, and came in 1710 to Strawberry township, Lancaster county, where he followed farming until his death. His son, Samuel Slaymaker (grandfather), owned and operated a stage line from Philadelphia to Pittsburgh, and died at sixty years of age. He was succeeded in the ownership of the stage line by his son, Samuel R. Slaymaker (father), who continued to operate it until the building of the Pennsylvania railroad, which took the tra%'el of the old pike and terminatetl the existence of the stage lines. In 1833 he removed to York county, where he was engaged in farming until 1842, when he came to this county and rented a farm on the site of Ford City. In October, 1844, he removed to the McCall farm in Butler county, and in 1847 re- turned to York county, where he operated a foundry for twenty-two years. He then (1869) went to Evanston, Illinois, where he died at the residence of his eldest son, Henry S. Slay- maker, in 1878, aged seventy-six years. He was an old-line whig and republican and a member of the Presbyterian church. He mar- 384 BIOGRAPHIES OF ried Anna M. Smith, of Philadelphia, who was a member of the Presbyterian church and died in 1877, at sixty-six years of age. They reared a family of four sons and one daughter, of whom three sons are living. Robert S. Slaymaker was reared in York and Armstrong counties and received his education in the common schools and York County acad- emy of the former county. In the dark days of 18G1 he was one who responded to his coun- try's call for troops. On August 24, 1861, he enlisted as a private in Co! A, 37th regiment, Pa. Vols., was promoted to sergeant-major December 25, 1862, and to first lieutenant of Company H, of his regiment, on January 13, 1863. He participated in all the engagements of his regiment until the fall of 1863, when he was discharged on September 13th of that year, at Martinsburg, W. Va., on the surgeon's certificate of disability. After being discharged lie returned to York county, where he was en- gngod in the manufacture of water-wheels until 1869, when he removed to Armstrong county and remained for a few months. He then (June, 1870) went to Chicago, where he engaged as a clei"k in a large mercantile establishment, but only remained until November 1st of that year, when he returned to Armstrong county and engaged in the general mercantile business at Kittanuing with P. K. Bowman. He re- mained in the store until February, 1881, when he was appointed chief clerk in the register and recorder's office which position he has filled sat- isfactorily ever since. On May 3, 1890, he was nominated l)y the republicans for register and recorder of Armstrong county, and on Novem- ber 4, 1890, was elected by a majority of 574 votes. April 25, 1866, he married Jane Oswald, who was a daugliter of Rev. Jonathan Oswald, D. D., of York county, and died September 5, 1867. Mr. Slaymaker was remarried on May 25, 1871, to Lizzie K. Bowman, daughter of P. K. Bowman, of Kittanning. By his second marriage he has three children, one son and two daughters: Agnes E., Philip K., and Anna F. In politics Mr. Slaymaker is a republican, and his maternal and paternal ancestors were republicans and whigs as far back as he is able to trace them. He is a member and elder of the Presbyterian church. He is also a member of the Jr. 0. U. A. M., and John F. CroU Post, No. 156, Grand Army of the Republic. WALTER J. STURGEON, one of the young business men and a leading drug- gist of Kittanning, is a son of William and Mary E. (Kiskadden) Sturgeon, and was born in North BufiFalo township, Armstrong county, Pennsylvania, March 5, 1861. His paternal grandfather, James Sturgeon, was born in county Armagh, Ireland, and came to Kittanning in 1840, then bought a farm in North Bufltiilo township, where he followed farming until his death, in 1861, at seventy-seven years of age. He marrieS. M. Jackson and was in some of the hardest fighting that occurred in the Army of the Potomac. After the war he embarked in the grocery and confectionery and the hardware business. On June 13, 1865, he married Abigail Wray, daughter of John M. Wray, of Shady Plain, Pa. Their children are: Maud Ella, assistant postmaster at Apollo; Maggie Irene, Sarah Emma, Edna Loretta, Aline Stewart, Nina Gerlrude, Mary Ada, Helen Grace, Olive Ethelwin and WiJda Leota. j On April 1, 1889, Mr. Alexander was ap- pointed postmaster of Ajjollo. He is a repub- lican in political opinion, and a member of Kiskirainetas Lodge, No. 1993, Knights of J Honor, E. S. Whit worth Post, No. 89, Grand I Army of the Republic, and Encampment No. 1 , Union Veteran Legion of Pittsburgh, Pa. He is a member of the Presbyterian church and a useful business man and highly respected citi- zen of Apollo. JOHN BENJAMIN, an efficient iron-worker ^ and well-informed citizen of Apollo, is the eldest son of William and jMartha (Rivens) Benjamin, and was born in Monmouthshire, in the south of England, February 22, 1844. His grandfather, William Benjamin, Sr., was an iron-worker in England. One of his sons was William Benjamin (father), a rail-jointer by trade. He died in 1850, when the subject of this sketch was but six years of age. He mar- ried Martha Rivens, who came to the United States after her husband's death, remained here but a short time and then returned to England, where she died in the spring of 1882, when in her eighty-sixth year. ARMSTRONG COUNTY. 389 John Benjamin had but little opportunity to acquire any education whatever, for soon after the time of his fatiier's death the duty of earn- ing and paying the rent of the family devolved upon him, as he was the eldest child, a task by no means light for a boy. In 1 867 he came to Northumberland county, Pa., where for the three succeeding years lie followed the trade of puddler. He then removed to Leechburg, and was a puddlcr in the first heat made in the rolling-mill there by natural gas. In 187(3 he went to Tennessee to follow his trade, where he remained a short time. He then removed to Apollo, wliere he lias been in the employ of the Apollo Iron & Steel company for thirteen years. He is a practical workman, capable of taking part in any branch of the iron industry and holds tiie highest recommendation from Blauaven Iron company, McElroy, I>aiifman & Co., as well as from the firm of Van Allen & Co., for whom he worked in England. He was married in England, on Marcli 23, 1864, to Mary Ann Watkins, daughter of James Watkins, a miner still living in the south of England. They have had nine j children, seven of whom are living: William J., born in 1865, a music dealer at Apollo; Sarah, wife of Hubert. Lewis; Florence Maud, Joiin Henry, David Thomas, George Roberts and Martha Washington. In politics Mr. Benjamin follows no party lines, but uses his own judgment in regard to the reliability of tlie candidates, and votes for the one he considers most trustworthy. He has been strictly temperate since boyhood, when he was often ridiculed for sending back the beer that was furnished with his dinner. To his temperate habits he attributes the fact that he is still a vigorous man, who for forty-four years has never lost an hour's work from sickness. He is a trustee in the Baptist church, of which he and his wife are esteemed members. With all the odds against him, John Benjamin has fought his way from e-xtreme poverty to a competency, and an honorable position in the ranks of the skilled mechanics and the useful citizens of his town. TAMES HUTCHINSON CHAMBERS, a ^ union officer of the late war, e-x:-register and recorder and ex-slicrifT of Armstrong county, and manager of the leading hotel of Apollo, is a son of Capt. John B. and Martha (Guthrie) Chambers, and was born in Allegheny township, Westmoreland county, Pennsylvania, May 21, 1838. His great-grandfather, James Cham- bers, was born about 1748 in Ireland and set- tled at Chambersburg, Pa., where he married a Miss Hutchinson, by whom he had two children : William (grandfather), and Jane, who married Judge Bovard, of Butler county. Pa. After his marriage he removetl to (near Apollo) Washington township, Westmoreland county, where he died in 1848, aged one hundred years. He took up seven hundred acres of land, was captured by Indians once and kept prisoner on an island in Lake Erie until the close of that Indian war. After this the In- dians once stole his hor.ses, but his stentorian cries brought the soldiers from the block-hou.se two miles away and they recovered the hor.ses. His son, William Chambers, was born in 1777 and died in 1851. He married Fannie Bovard, who was born in 1787 and passed away in 1864. Eight children were the issue of their union : James, Capt. John B., William, George H., Mary, Jane, Margaret and Nancy. Of these William is .still living. Capt. John B. Cham- bers (father) was born June 13, 1813. He fol- lowed farming until Aj)ril 1, 1845, when he moved to Apollo, Armstrong county. Pa., where he built the "Apollo Packet," a boat which ran between Apollo and Pittsburgh, on the Pennsylvania canal. He was passenger and freight agent at Apollo for eighteen years and was engaged in the mercantile business from 1849 to his death, October 21, 1886. On May 390 BIOGRAPHIES OF 29, 1871, when the "Apollo Savings Bank" was organized, he was elected president of that institution and was annually re-elected as long as he lived. He was a member of the First Presbyterian church of Apollo and contributed generously of his means to the erection of churches of all denominations. He was a man of sterling moral character and was universally esteemed. His various business enterprises were well managed and the people ever had confidence in his judgment and sagacity. He was a public-spirited citizen as well as a suc- cessful and honorable business man, and his memory will be long held in kind remembrance l)y the citizens of Apollo. On May 6, 1837, he married Martha Guthrie, a daughter of Wil.- liara and Mary (Hill) Guthrie, and who was born in Salem township, Westmoreland county, August 27, 1811. Her fother, William Guth- rie, was of Scotch-Irish descent and was a son of John Guthrie, who was one of the early settlers on Beaver run, near Delmont. The off- spring of the marriage of John B. and Martha Chambers were four children : James H., Sam- uel H., born June 14, 1840, died February 24, 1889; William G., born December 15, 1842, and Mary Jane, born January 20, 1844, now intermarried with D. A. Heck, of Butler, Pa. James Hutchinson Chambers spent much of *his early life in his father's store. He attended the common schools, completed his academic course at Saltsburg academy, and taught two terms in the schools of his native county. In 1858 he went to Missouri, where he found abet- ter field for teaching than then existed in Penn- sylvania. He taught until 1861, when he returned home and enlisted as sergeant in Co. C, 103d rcg.. Pa. Vols. He participated in all of the battles of the Peninsula under McCIel- lan, was then transfened to North Carolina, where he took part in the engagements of Kingston, White Hall, Goldsboro' and Plym- outh. At the last-named battle he was wounded and taken prisoner with Co. F, to which he had been transferred. He was con- fined in the Confederate prisons at Macon, Ga., Charleston, S. C, where he was placed under the fire of the Union batteries, and Charlotte, N. C. On March 1, 1865, he was paroled for exchange, and was honorably discharged from the service at Annapolis, Md., after serving six months beyond his time of enlistment. He was color-bearer of his regiment until 1863, when he was commissioned sergeant-major. On May 20, 1863, he was promoted to second lieutenant of Co. F, and July 4, for meritorious bravery, was promoted to first lieutenant. After the war he engaged in mercantile business for two years. From 1869 to 1870 he was in the oil business, then embarked again in mer- chandising at Apollo, which he quit in 1875 to become register and recorder of Armstrong county. After serving two terms he was elect- ed sheriff in 1883. In 1886 he became cashier of Dubois (Pa.) Deposit bank and served until 1887. In 1889 he, with several others, pro- jected the Chambers House at Apollo, which was opened on February 6, 1890. This ele- gant hotel is situated on the corner of First street and Warren avenue, in the very business center of the town. It is a fine brick structure of modern style and finish. Internally its arrangements are up to the highest standard of comfort and elegance. It is heated throughout by natural gas and has water and electrical bells on every floor. May 28, 1867, he marrietl Kate R. Brenner, who was born near Jacksonville, this county, December 15, 1847, and is a daughter of George and Elizabeth (Mahatiey) Brenner; the former born December 13, 1813, and a son of Michael Brenner, of York county. Pa., and the latter born June 25, 1812, and a daughter of Joseph Mahaffey, of this county. Mr. and Mrs. Chambers have one child: Edith McCrum, who was born October 5, 1869. James H. Chambers resides on the old home- stead and employs the most of his time in the ARMSTRONG COUNTY. 391 management of his different business enter- prises. He is a presbyterian, a decided repub- lican and a member of the Grand Army of the Republic, Independent Order of Odd Fellows, and the Masonic fraternity. MICHAEL HERMOND COCHRAN is editor of the Apollo Herald. He was born in South Bend township, Armstrong coun- ty, Pennsylvania, October 24, 1859, and is a son of Robert Scott and Mary (Hart) Cochran. The Cochrans were among the early settlers of Apollo, and Judge Miciiael Cochran, the grand- father of Michael H. Cochran, was born May 10, 1810, at Crawford's mills, Westmoreland coun- ty, Pa., where his father followed the occupa- tion of milling. His mother's maiden-name was Catherine Risher. He was bound out at four yeai-s of age to a man named McKissic, with whom lie remained for several years. At nineteen years of age he learned the trade of blacksmith, which he followed at Apollo for several years, during which time he was elected and served as a justice of the peace. In April, 1846, he removed to Cochran's Mills, where the present post-office was established under that name in 1855. Here he built a mill and followed successfully his father's occupation. He also established a store which he conducted. About 1855 he was elected as an associate judge of Armstrong county for a term of five years ; one other associate and the president judge con- stituting the county judiciary at that time. Prior to 1846 he married Catherine Murphy, who died in 1857. In 1858 he married Mrs. Mary Jane Cummings, who bore him five chil- dren, of whom one, Elizabeth Jane Cochran, has since become famous as a writer and made the trip around the world in seventy-two days. By his first marriage Judge Cochran had nine children, of whom one was Robert Scott Coch- ran, the father of the subject of this sketch, who has been a prominent and influential man in the county for many years. He has been identified for several years with the firm of Cochran & McGIauglin in the real estate busi- ness at Apollo. Michael H. Cochran received his education in the public schools of Apollo and Indiana (Pa.) Normal school. Leaving school in 1878, he was engagetl in teaching until 1882. He taught one term in Madison township, two terms at Apollo, and in 1881 was elected as a teacher . in the public schools of Johnstown, where, after I teaching one term, he declined a re-election and went to Pittsburgh where he was occupied for two years in several capacities, and at one time during this period did some newspaper work. He then returned to Johnstown and became a teacher in the Conemaugh scliool. The next year (1886) he was elected teacher in the Johnstown schools, which position he resigned to become a newspaper man. He purchased the Apollo Herald September 3, 1886, and has successfully edited it ever since. It is a weekly eight-page independent paper, issued every Saturday at $1.50 per annum and devoted to general news of importance, and the latest local news of the near county. It has a remarkably wide circu- lation, and is regarded by advertisers as a valu- able medium of reaching the reading public. At no distant day in the future, Mr. Cochran, who has been greatly encouraged by his success- ful efforts with a weekly sheet, will i.ssue a daily paper to meet the wants of his progressive and live town. June 13, 1889, he united in marriage with Minnie McGeary, daughter of John McGeary, of Apollo. Their union has been blest with one child, a daughter, named Gladys C. Coch- ran, who was born June 19, 1890. In politics Mr. Cochran is a republican. He is a member of the Methodist Episcopal church of Apollo, Darling Council, No. 250, Jr. O. U. A. M., Fraternal Mystic Circle and the Order of Solon. Through the Herald he has labored long, faithfully and successfully for the progress 392 BIOGRAPHIES OF and prosperity of Apollo, having written and pushed several petitions which have resulted in permanent improvements, a notal>le one be- ing the opening of Warren avenue extension from First to South Fifth street, which was formerly an alley ; another improvement being the re-naming of the streets with a local nomen- clature, and the numbering of the houses ac- cording to a scheme suggested and pushed through the council by him. JOHN Q. COCHRANE. A man of widely varied and unusually successful business experience is John Q. Cochrane, justice of the peace and principal of the public schools of Apollo. He is a son of William and Mary S. (Quigley) Cochrane, and was born near Kittan- ning, Armstrong county, Pennsylvania, July 6, 1849. The trans-Atlantic home of the Coch- rane family was in the north of Ireland, from which they came to eastern Penn.sylvania near two centui-ies ago. William Cochrane, the great-grandfather of John Q. Cochrane, came to what is now Armstrong county, where his son, James L. Cochrane (grandfather) was born in 1787. James L. Cochrane was a farmer by occupation, a democrat in politics and a presby- terian in religious faith. He built " Ore Hill " furnace, which lie operated for some time pre- vious to selling it to a company. He was a man above medium height, lield various town- ship offices and married a Miss Gibson, of near Kittanning, by whom he had seven children. The oldest sou and child was William Cochrane (father), who was born February 14, 1813, in what is now Boggs township, where he followed farming and teaching, and where he died Feb- ruary 6, 1876. The war issues of 1861 changed him to a republican in politics, while in religion he was a united presbyterian, and served for years as elder in one of the churches of that de- nomination. He was an unassuming man, who acquired considerable property, served continu- ously as school director and in other township offices, and had the good-will of his neighbors. He married Mary S. Quigley, who is a daugh- ter of John Quigley, of this county. They had eleven children, of whom eight are living. John Q. Cochrane attended the common scliools and Dayton academy, after which he taught a few months and then jjursued a course of study at Ann Arbor university, Michigan. In addition to his literary studies there he also entered the law department, in which he re- mained for one year. At the end of this time he entered the law office of M. G. McCaslin, of Butler, Pa., where he completed the required course of legal study, and was admitted to the bar of that place in 1874. After admission, he practiced law for two years at Millerstown and at Butler, Pa., for one year. He then went to Pittsburgh, where he became a partner for one year with Webster Street in the law business. At the end of that time he went to Parkersburg, W. Va., where he spent two years as an oil-well contractor and oil producer. He was then engaged for one year as a traveling salesman of heavy oils for the Commercial Oil company, of Park- ersburg. Leaving their employ, he became manager of the celebrated Brush Electric Light company, of Pittsburgh. Six months later (fall of 1882) he accepted the priucipalship of the public schools of West Monterey, Pa. In 1884 he was elected to the priucipalship of the Apollo public schools, which position he has held until the present time. He is a member of the firm of Cochrane Bros., railroad and steamship ticket agents. This agency represents the leading railways and principal steamship lines. He united in marriage, on Nov. 7th, 1875, with Lizzie Roup, daughter of Francis Roup, of Kittanning. Their union has been blessed with two children : Earle and Alexander, aged respectively thirteen and eleven years. John Q. Cochrane is a member of the Pres- byterian church. He has always been a repub- lican, and was elected justice of the peace in ARMSTRONG COUNTY. 393 1887, for the borough of Apollo. As a school principal he has been very successful, while his extensive business experience and his fine knowl- edge of the law has enabled him to make a splendid record as a justice of the peace. pAPTAIN THOMAS A. COCHRAN, a ^ leading druggist of Apollo and a man of business ability and experience, is one of the surviving officers of the old 103d regiment of Pennsylvania Volunteers. He is a son of John and Isabella (McKee) Ccx'hran, and was born in Kiskiminetas township, Armstrong county, Pennsylvania, July 27, 1837. His paternal grandfather Cochran, was a native of Scotland, and settled in Westmoreland county, where he was engaged in farming and milling until his death, in 1812. His eldest son was John Cochran (father), who was born Decemi)er 15, 1802, and died at Apollo, May 19, 1884. When he was ten years of age his father died and he became the main support of his mother and his younger brothers and sisters. He helped to clear the site of Apollo and afterwards purchased a farm five miles east of that then small place. He was a whig and afterwards a republican, and served as constable of his township, besides hold- ing other local offices. A methodist in early life, he afterwards became a presbyterian. A man of pleasant manners, he was scrupulously honest and very popular. He married Isabella McKee, who was a daughter of Joseph McKee, and only survived her husband one year. They were the parents of ten children : Silas, Joseph, John G., Keziah, married to D. Hill; Margaret, married to Joseph Spang ; William M., Thomas A., W. S., James H., and K. D. Of these children but two are living, William M. and Thomas A. W. S. was sergeant in and Thomas A. was captain of Co. C, 103d regiment. Pa. Vols. James H. belonged to the 139tli regi- ment, Pa. Vols,, and was killed in one of the Wilderness fights, while K. D., who was a member of the same regiment, became sick and was sent home and died of disease contracted in service. Thus, of the four sons from this family that went to the front in 1861, but two only came back. Thomas A. Cochran attended the common schools of Kiskiminetas tovvn.ship and Leech- burg academy. In 1858 he entered Duff''s Com- mercial college, of Pittsburg, from which he was graduated the same year. He then studied den- tistry and returned to Apollo, where he taught school and practiced dentistry for some time. Just before the commencement of the late war he went to Missouri as a favorable field for dental work and teaching. The war deranged all business in that State, and after serving a few weeks in a citizens' guard, he returned to Pennsylvania, where, on September 16, 1861, he enlisted as a private in Co. C, 10.3d regiment, Pa. Vols. He was soon promoted to sergeant, became second lieutenant July 18, 1862, was promoted to first lieutenant January 14, 1863, was commissioned captain July 11. 1863, and commanded his company until it was mustered out of the service June 25, 1865. The 103d regiment bore up well at Fair Oaks, on the Peninsula, was highly complimented by Gen. Foster for their fighting qualities in North Caro- lina, where all of the companies were taken prisoner, except Capt. Cochran's company (C)^ which was absent from the regiment at that time, at Roanoke island. Capt. Cochran was now placed in command of his own company, the other soldiers of his regiment who had been ab- sent on furlough and in the hospital and three newly-recruited companies. He held this com- mand until the men were mustered out, and in addition to this position he was given charge of an important fort and had the muster and pay- rolls of his regiment to make out from April 20, 1864. After the war he was engaged in the dry -goods business for several years. In 1868 he opened his present drug house on First street, Apollo. He carries a full and 394 BIOOBAPHIES OF well-selected stock of drugs, proprietary medi- cines and toilet articles and enjoys a good trade. November 2, 1865, Capt. Cochran united in marriage with Martha M. Jackson, daughter of John Jackson and sister to Gen. S. M. Jackson, of Apollo (whose sketch appears in this volume)- They have nine children : Stella M., wife of C. W. Bollinger; A. Bright, who is in the drug business with his father ; Lizzie B., Effie T., Annie M., Margaretta K., Frank W., T. Clyde^ and James H. Chambers Cochran. Capt. Cochran is a republican and frequently is a delegate to conventions of his party. He is a member of Apollo Council, No. 168, Royal Arcanum, Kiskirainetas Lodge, No. 1993, Knights of Honor, Encampment No. 1, Union Veteran Legion, and Chas. Whitworth Post, No. 89, Grand Army of the Republic. He has been an elder in the Presbyterian church for several years, and is a man of sound judgment and cor- rect business principles. He is active in church work, is conscientious and zealous in whatever he undertakes, and by honesty, energy and in- dustry has always sought to win success. WJ. ELWOOD. The name of Elwood • has been as.sociated with Apollo since its first settlement. William Elwood, the grandfather of W. J. Elwood, settled on Tur- tle creek, Westmoreland county. Pa., in the year 1783. His son John came to Apollo, or, as it was then known, Warren, in 1831, where he was married to Mary Patterson, of Washington county, and where they resided until his death, in 1872. They had born to them four sons, one of wliom, B. F., died when quite young. W. J., R. D., and T. J. are still living. Their names were identified with the M. E. church, in which they were active and useful members. In politics John Elwood was a whig, but early took sides with the Abolition party, casting the first abolition ticket ever voted in Apollo. By occupation he was a cab- inet-maker, also contractor and builder. He was an active citizen and interested in all the moral enterprises of his day. Of his three sons now living, R. D. served through the war as captain in the 78th regiment. Pa. Vols. At the close of the war the three brothers associ- ated in the mercantile and manufacturing busi- ness under the firm-name of Elwood Bros., which firm was dissolved in 1873, W. J. re- maining in Apollo, R. D. removing to Pitts- burgh, where he is now engaged in busine.ss, and T. J. to Leech burg, where he still resides. W. J. Elwood, the subject of this sketch, was born in 1835. His occupation was that of a carpenter until his connection with his bro- thers in business. On the dissolution of the co-partnership he established a business of his own, which, by careful attention and good bus- iness qualifications, has been highly successful. He is a respected member of the M. E. church as well as an active and esteemed citizen. On January 16, 186-, he was united in marriage with Margaret, daughter of James McCauley, living near Apollo. His family consists of .seven sons and three daughters: R. D., who is in business with his father; Min- erva, a teacher ; John S., a bookkeeper in the Apollo Rolling-mill ; James McCauley, a stu- dent at Elder's Ridge academy ; Elizabeth, Belle, William F., Rus.sell, Charles and Wal- ter F. Politically, W. J. Elwood is a republican, and keeps himself well informed on political affairs. He has been closely identified with the trade and prosperity of his town for over a quarter of a century, and is always interested in any enterprise calculated to promote the growth and prosperity of Apollo. JOHN M. FISCUS, one of Grant's veterans of the Army of the Potomac, and an ex- perienced iron-worker and popular republican of Apollo, was born on the Fiscus homestead ARMSTRONG COUNTY. 395 farm, in Valley tuwuship, Armstrong county, Pennsylvania, December 11, 1841, and is a son of Abraham and Elizabeth (Martin) Fiscus. Christopher Fiscus, from v/hich the Armstrong county family of that name is descended, was a native of France, and emigrated from that country to the United States during the latter half of the eighteenth ceutui-y. He followed farming in Westmoreland and Armstrong coun- ties for many years. He owned six hundred acres of land in this county, was a thorough- going man and a successful farmer, married and reared a family of several sons and daugh- ters. One of the sons was Abraham Fiscus, the father of the subject of this sketch, and who was born in what is now Burrell township in 1791, and died in 1853, at sixty-nine years of age. He was a farmer, who took commendable pride in always having his farm neat and clean. Just, generous and sympathetic, he was popular in his community, where he was often consulted by his neighbors on business aifairs. He was a lutheran in religious faith, a republican in politics and served as one of the first officers of Valley township, when it was organized, in 1835. He was a soldier of the war of 1812, serving under Gen. William Henry Harrison. He was twice married; his first wife was a Miss Ourie, who bore him seven children, of whom six are living. After her death he married Elizabeth Martin, who was a daughter of John Martin, of Allegheny township, and died in 1853, aged seventy -seven years. By his second marriage he had eight children : Sarah J., Sidney, Elizabeth, John M., William, Harry, Hugh and Amanda. John M. Fiscus was reared on a farm and received his education in the common schools of his native township. Leaving school, he worked on his father's farm until the late war commenced. On September 3, 1861, he en- listed in Co. K, 78th regiment. Pa. Vols., and served until March, 1863, when he was dis- 24 charged on account of disability from a severe spell of sickness. As soon as his health was sufficiently recruited (September 3, 1864), he enlisted in Co. H, 5th regiment. Pa. Vols., was promoted to sergeant and .served until June 30, 1865, when his company was discharged. He performed cheerfully whatever duty was re- quired of him as a soldier and as an officer. While in the last company, which was known as Battery H, Heavy Artillery, he served in front of Washington, at Manassas and on the Rapidan. When the war was ended he came to Apollo, where, on August 3, 1865, he engaged as a common laborer, at one dollar and twenty- five cents per day, in the old sheet-iron mill. After some time he secured the position of heater, which he held until 1874, when he went to Pittsburgh, where he became a sheet- roller in the rolling-mill of Moorehead, Mc- Clean & Co. In June, 1887, he returned to Apollo, and two months afterwards was em- ployed as a sheet-roller in the Apollo rolling- mill, which position he still holds. On July 26, 1863, he was married to Annie M. Stiveson, daughter of William Stiveson. Their children are : Liifflie C, wife of M. E. Haddock ; William S., married Minnie Shoe- maker, and is a sheet-roller in the Apollo roll- ing-mill ; Lolla M., Hugh W., a heater ; and Logan T., now learning the trade of sheet- roller. John M. Fiscus is a member of Mineral Point Lodge, No. 615, I. O. O. F., Apollo Council, No. 168, Royal Arcanum, and George G. McMurtrie Command, No. 14, U. V. U., which he organized at Apollo, March 1st, 1888. He is also a member of the Amalga- mated Association of Iron and Steel workers. John M. Fiscus is a prominent republican, and an active worker in his party. He is a high tariff advocate, and believes that the success of ''protection" principles means good wages, sound prosperity and the highest possible devel- opment of home industries. 396 BIOGRAPHIES OF JACOB FREETLY is a resident of Apollo borough, ArmstroDg county, Pa. He was born in Lancaster county on the 8th day of July, A.D. 1816. His father, John Freetly, was of German descent, and his mother, Mary (Logan) Freetly, was of Irish parentage. They had eight children, two sons and six daughters. John Freetly, the eldest son, was educated at the Western university, Pittsburgh, Pa., and studied divinity at the Theological seminary, Allegheny, Pa. He was pastor of the United Presbyterian church, Henderson county, III. He and three of his sisters died in that State, the other three sisters dying in Pennsylvania, leav- ing Jacob Freetly, the youngest child, the only surviving member of the family. His mother died when he was two, and his father when he was four years of age, leaving him to the care of an elder sister, with whom he remained until he was eight years of age. He was then taken by a family by the name of Reed, with whom he remained ten years, during which time he worked on the farm for his board and clothing. After leaving John Reed, who at that time resided in York county, on the banks of the Susquehanna river, he labored at farm work in the summer and attended school in the winter working morning and evening to pay his board, until he acquired suflScient education to teach. After saving some money he entered the West- ern university, Pittsburgh, Pa., and pursued the study of the higher branches under Dr. Brtice, then president of that institution, and minister of the Seceder church of that city. He read law under Hon. Thomas Mellon, and was ad- mitted to practice his profession in 1849. Jacob Freetly was admitted to the Armstrong county Bar in 1851, and is still engaged in the active practice of his chosen profession. He was married September 10, 1835, to Fanny McKee Boggs, daughter of David and Mary Boggs, and sister of Hon. Jackson Boggs, who was for several years judge of the courts of Armstrong county. Jacob Freetly was the father of five children, of whom John and Cyrus died in in- fancy. Mary Jane, the oldest daughter, was born September 20, 1837, and was educated principally by her father. She is an active member of the M. E. Church at Apollo. She married John B. Guthrie, Esq., son of James Guthrie, of Apollo borough, and an attorney- at-law by profession. To them were born two children: Lauretta A., who is a graduate of the Blairsville Ladies' seminary. She was for sev- eral years engaged in the profession of teaching. She is a member of the M. E. church, and actively engaged in church and Sunday-school work. Walter J. (see sketch), a graduate of Allegheny college, and by profession an attorney- at-law. The second daughter, Annie E., was born November 14, 1839, and is a member of the Presbyterian church. She is married to Samuel Smith, a nailer by profession, who has acquired considerable pi'operty and a comforta- ble and respectable home and position at Sharon, Mercer county. Pa. They have one daughter, Mamie McKee. She is a graduate of the Sharon high .school, and for several years has been engaged in the profession of teaching, in which she has achieved more than ordinary suc- cess. The only living son, David Boggs Freetly, was born October 31, 1843, received a good school education ; was a private in the 139th regiment Pennsylvania Volunteers, Co. E, under Captain Sample and Col. Colure. He is now engaged in the production of oil in tlie Armstrong county oil field.s, and is a member of the Presbyterian church. Jacob Freetly is one of the oldest members of the Armstrong county bar, and it may be truly said that the legal profession has no superior in the business world. In every county in the State it has its able advocates, and Armstrong county is not inferior to its neighboring coun- ties for honest and intelligent attorneys. In politics Mr. Freetly is a republican, and has served as burgess and poor director for a num- ber of years at Apollo. He is a member of the X/U"^^/ /^-^^^^^^^^^^^-^"^ ARMSTRONG COUNTY. 399 Presbyteriau church. In his field of profes- sional labor he has been a quiet but active and successful practitioner for over forty years. His life recorded is one of activity and usefulness. REV. JOHN Q. A. FULLERTON, pastor of the Presbyterian church of Apollo, a popular minister of education aud ability, aud a faithful Union ofiScer of the late war, is a de- scendant of the distinguished Fullerton family of eastern Pennsylvania. He was born in Al- legheny city, Allegheny county, Pennsylvania, April 25, 1845, and is a son of Humphrey and Nancy (Gormley) Fullerton. The Fullertons are of Scotch-Irish origin, aud have been au American family, by residence, for nearly two centuries. The family has produced, both in the old and the new world, many men who have distinguished themselves in civil and polit- ical life and in the learned professions. Rev. John Q. A. Fullerton is a lineal descendant in the fourth generation from Hon. Humphrey Fullerton, the first president judge of Franklin county, and whose graudfather received a sword from King William, for his courage at the bat- tle of the Boyne, and whose father came from Scotland or Ireland to Chester county, Pa., in 1723. Judge Humphrey Fullerton's son, Hon. David Fullerton, was born in Lancaster county in 1772, received a fine education, removed to Franklin county, where he was successively a farmer, a president of the Greencastle bank and a politician. He was an old-line whig, a great admirer of Henry Clay, and a man of great firmness. He was a member of the State Sen- ate of Pennsylvania for twelve years in succes- sion. He was elected a representative from Pennsylvania to the Sixteenth Congress, in which he served and was active in the discussion of the Missouri Compromise. When he left con- gress he declined a renomination aud returned to Greencastle, where he died February 1, 1843. His son, Humphrey Fullerton, was born in Franklin county in 1795, and died in Califor- nia in 1849. He received a good education, but preferred a business pursuit to a professional life and engaged in the general mercantile busi- ness in Pittsburgh, which he followed until his death. He married Nancy Gormley, who was born in Allegheny county in 1811, and died in Allegheny city in 1871. Mrs. Fullerton was a daughter of John Gormley, who was one of the early business men of Pittsburgh. In 1803 the first successful iron business in that city, the Pittsburgh iron foundry, was built by Joseph McClurg, Joseph Smith and John Gormley, on the site of the post-office building, corner of Smithfield street and Fifth avenue. At that foundry were made, in 1811-12, the first can- non west of the Allegheny mountains, and the first water-pipe, and the first rolls were also made there. James Hartley, a workman there, discovered the art of successfully making chilled rolls. On both sides Rev. John Q. A. Fullerton is of pure covenanter descent and related also to all the ministers of his name who are connected with the Presbyterian church in this country. He was reared in Allegheny city. Pa., and Bucyrus, Ohio. After completing his academic studies in 1866, he entered Princeton college, from which time-honored institution he was graduated June 30, 1869. With a view to en- tering the Christian ministry he left college to enter upon the study of theology. He entered Princeton Theological seminary, from which he was graduated April 29, 1873. In the same year he became pastor of the Presbyterian church at Dillsburg, York county, which he served until 1879, when he accepted a call from Curwensville, Clearfield county, and was pastor of that church for six yeare. On January 1, 1885, he came to Apollo and assumed charge of the Apollo Presbyterian church, which he ha.s served very satisfactorily and most successfully ever since. When he entered upon his pastoral duties, the church had two hundred and fifty 400 BIOGRAPHIES OF members; it now has a membei-ship of four hundred. lu addition to the charge of this church, he serves Spring church, five miles east of Apollo, and under his charge it has been steadily prosperous. On August 24, 1871, he united in marriage ■with Ella Van Doren, of Princeton, New Jer- sey. To their union have been born three children : Jessie Quarrier, Boyd Van Doren and David Humphrey. When the call to arms was sounded in 1861, Rev. Fullerton was in Ohio, where, on July 30, 1861, he enlisted as a private in Co. E, .34th regiment, Ohio Infantry (or Piatt Zouaves). He was immediately elected sergeant, was promoted to second lieutenant October 10, 1862, then to first lieutenant INIarch 2, 1864, when he was made adjutant of the regiment, which position he held until September 14, 1864, when his term of enlistment expired. He .served in West Virginia for some time, where his regi- ment encountered, in their line of duty, every conceivable hardship of military life. He was in the battles of Fayetteville, Lynchburg and Wytheville, in Hunter's disastrous raid and many other lesser engagements. His regiment was then transferred to the Shenandoah Valley and fought under Sheridan. He escaped un- hurt in the various battles in which he was en- gaged, except Fayetteville, where he was struck in the wrist by a rifle-ball. He is a member of Charles S. "wiiitworth Post, No. 89, G. A. R., at Apollo. Rev. Fullerton is an active and persistent worker in his important field for the advancement of morality and Christianity, and his labors have been blest with abundant suc- cess. WALTER J. GUTHRIE, ex-editor of the Apollo Herald, and a young and rising member of the Armstrong county bar, is a son of Capt. John B. and Mary J. (Freetly) Guth- rie, and was born at Apollo, Armstrong County, Pennsylvania, September 9, 1863. The Guth- rie family is of Scotch origin. The great- grandparents of Walter J. Guthrie were Wil- liam and Agues (Dixon) Guthrie, who were among the early settlers of Westmoreland [ county. They settled near the site of New Salem, where they underwent all the privations I of frontier life with the characteristic endurance I of the Scottish race, and eventuallv secured for themselves a comfoilable home. One of their sons, James Guthrie (grandfather), was born in their Westmoreland home, September 20, 1806. In 1833 he came to Apollo, where he died in 1882. He purchased a farm, upon which a part of the town stands to-day. He devoted ; his life to business pursuits, in which he was very successful. He was a heavy stockholder in the old Warren bridge, was a strong whig, : and served as justice of the peace. He was one of the founders of the Apollo M. E. church, and married a Miss Beatty, who died in a few years, and left one child, Capt. John B. Guth- rie, father of the subject of this sketch. Capt. John B. Guthrie was born on the old Guthrie homestead farm in 1835, and died on Septem- l)er 21, 1875. He received a very good edu- cation, read law, and was admitted to the bar of Armstrong county in 1857. He was en- gaged in the practice of his profession until the late war, when he raised a company of a regi- ment of Pa. Vols., and served his country \ faithfully. After the war he resumed the practice of law; but his health became impaired and inter- fered, to a great extent, with his practice. He spent several winters in the south, and made an extended trip throughout the great west for the benefit of his health, but did not experience much relief. Shortly after Gen. Hartranft's inauguration as governor' of Pennsylvania, Capt. Guthrie became a clerk in the surveyor- general's office, and served as such for two years. Through the summer of 1875 he failed gradually, and during the autumn days (Sep- ARMSTRONG COUNTY. 401 tember 21st) passed peacefully into the great beyond. He was a republican, a Free Mason and one of the charter members of the Masonic lodge at Apollo. He had been for many years a prominent and devoted member of the Apollo M. E. church, of whose Sunday school lie liad been superintendent for several years. He was an exemplar)- Christian, a kind friend to those in distress and a conscientious man in all that he did. As a citizen, as a lawyer and as a man, none stood hieher iu his section of Armstrono; county than Capt. John B. Guthrie. He mar- ried Mary J. Freetly, who is a daughter of Jacob Freetly, of Apollo. (See his sketch.) They had two children : Laura A. and Walter J. I Walter J. Guthrie was reared at Apollo. He attended the public schools and Blairsville academy, and iu 1880 entered Allegheny col- lege, Pa., from which institution of learning he was graduated in 1884. He then entered the office of Joshua Reynolds, and commenced the study of law, which he finishetl with his grand- father, Jacob Freetly, of Apollo. He was ad- mitted to the Armstrong county bar in Sep- tember, 1887, immediately entered upon the practice of his profession at Apollo, and since April 1, 1890, has been a member of the law- firm of Freetly & Guthrie. During two years of the time in which he was pursuing his legal studies he was editor of the Apollo HcrahJ. He is well read in his profession, and is secu- ring a good practice. Mr. Gutlirie is a republican in politics. He is prominent in the Masonic fraternity, with which he has been identified for several years. He is a member of Lodge and Chapter, and Tancred Commandery, Knights Templar, of Pittsburgh. ARMAND C. ILiMMITT, well-known in social circles of Apollo, is the eldest son of Isaac and Hannah (Co.k) Hammitt, and was born December 18, 1854, in McKeesport, Allegheny county. Pa. His grandfather, Isaac Hammitt, a native of eastern Pennsylvania, was a sailor iu his youth, afterwards taking up boat-building as an occupation. He helped to build the vessels that Commodore Perry commanded in his fam- ous naval victory at Put-In Bay, on Lake Erie. Later in life he moved to the Monougahela Val- ley, where he died. His son, Isaac Hammitt (father), was born iu Louisville, Ky., and fol- lowed the same occupation as his father, boat- building, having learned that trade in Philadel- phia. He worked in various localities betwean Pittsburgh and New Orleans, building many steam-boats, some of which are still plying up and down the Mississippi and Ohio rivers. Be- ing a good draughtman, he drew the plans for, and superintended the building of two gun- boats for the Federal government during the great Rebellion. He was also engaged in ship- ping coal to points on the Ohio and Mississippi rivers. Some of the boats for whicli he drew the plans are still used on the Volga river in Russia. He remained actively engaged in his occupation until a few months before his death. He married Hannah Cox, whose father was a coal merchant of Pittsburgh. They had five children, of whom three .sons are living : Armand C, Murat, of McKeesport, and Sheridan, who makes his home at Apollo. Armand C. Hammitt was educated in the public schools of McKeesport, learneil the trade of machinist in the McKeesport locomotive works, and worked for the company owning those works for six years. He has been a roll- turner for some ten years, six of which he has been in the employment of the Apollo Iron and Steel company. On the 24th of September, 1885, he married Virginia Jackson, daughter of Gen. Samuel M. Jackson, of Apollo. They have two children : Samuel Jackson and John K. He is a member of the Methodist Episcopal church and votes the republican ticket, taking an active part in local politics. He is a mem- 402 BIOGRAPHIES OF ber of the borough council, and the Masonic Fraternity. Armaud C. Hammitt is one of tiie progressive young men of Apollo, fully im- bued with the true spirit of enterprise, and deeply interested in the advancement of his borough. GEORGE M. HUNTER, a skilled and ex- perienced steel and iron worker, and one of Apollo's reliable citizens, was born in Fawn township, Allegheny county. Pa., November 2(), 1859, and is a son of Rev. John and Mar- garet (Keever) Hunter. Nearly a century ago John Hunter, the paternal grandfather of George M. Hunter, came from Ireland to east- ern Pennsylvania, and in a short time removed to Allegheny county, where he followed farming and where he died when an octogenarian in years. He was a presbyterian and a democrat. He married Mary Hunter, who was in no wise related to him, and by whom he had eight children. The next to the oldest child was Rev. John Hunter (father), who was born in IMifflin county in 1813, and came first to Butler county in 1837, then removed to Allegheny county in 1839 and in 1874 came to Apollo, where he died June 8, 1886, aged seventy-three years. He was a man of good education, although self-educated. He was a strong republican, was one of the seven members of the first abolition society in Allegheny county, and had two sons who served in the late war. He was genial and sympathetic and served for many years as a local minister in the M. E. church. He served as school director for several years, was a prominent Free Mason and never was neutral on any question of in- terest or importance. For several years before his death he had acted as a general agent forH. G. Fink's medical house. He was over six feet in height, weighed two hundred pounds, and start- ing with no means whatever, acquired a com- petency. He married Margaret Keever, daughter of John Keever, by whom he had eleven chil- dren, of whom six are living : John K., a ma- chinist, of Owensboro', Pa; Samuel, a book- keeper, of Los Angeles, Cal.; Kate, widow of W. C. White; Albert, a carpenter, of Topeka, Kan., employed by the Santa Fe R. R.; Ma- tilda M., teaching at Apollo, and George M. George M. Hunter was reared in Allegheny county and at Apollo. He received his educa- tion in the common schools and at an early age commenced life for himself as a clerk and spent seven years as such in several stores at Apollo and in the oil regions of this State. In 1881 he entered the employ of Laufman & Co., and learned the trade of shearman, which he has pursued ever since. He was with Laufman & Co. until they were succeeded by the Apollo Iron and Steel company, and then entered the employ of the latter company, with whom he has been until the present time. August 3, 1883, he united in marriage with Rosa Jack, daughter of A. X. Jack, of Apollo. To their union have been born four children : Rosa Marie and Albert Lew Hunter and two who died in infancy. George M. Hunter is a republican and a member of Apollo Methodist Episcopal church, and of Apollo Lodge, No. 437, Free and Accepted Masons of the jurisdiction of Penn- sylvania. WILLIAM C, HUNTER, the proprietor of the Apollo Hotel and a man of varied and successfid business experience, is a son of Adam and Margaret (Fleming) Hunter, and was born at Apollo, Armstrong county, Penn- sylvania, February 8, 1851. The Hunters were among the early settlers of Westmoreland county. Col. Robert Hunter (great-grand- father) served in the Revolutionary war, lived at Hannastown when it was burned by the Indians, in 1782, and married Anna Sloan, by whom he had several children. One of his sons was Kennedy Hunter (grandfather), who ARMSTRONG COUNTY. 403 was born in 1 778, at Haunastown. He removed to Crawford county, and afterwards located on Crooked run, this county, where he remained until he came to Apollo. He was a democrat and a presbyterian and lived to be ninety-one years of age. He married Margaret F'iscus, who lived to be eighty- five years of age. They had eight children, of whom five are living. (For fuller ancestry see sketch of Robert < )rr Hunter). Oneof their sons was Adam Hunter (father), who was born in 1826, and at an early age became a boatman on the Pennsylvania canal. In the course of a few years he left the caual and embarked in the general mercantile business, which he continued until his death, which occurred in 1857, when only in the thirty- first year of his age. He evinced good business ability and tact, and gave promise of a successful business career. He married Margaret Fleming. They were the parents of four children : John M., an oil operator at Edenburg, Pa. ; William C, Margaret, wife of Kev. Milton Porterfield, of Illinois; and Sarah M., married to Samuel Beck, of Apollo. William C. Hunter was reared partly on a farm, and attended the common schools and the public schools of Apollo. For several years before he attained his majority he lived with Ex-Sheriff Wat.son. At twenty-one years of age he engaged in mining coal, which he fol- lowed for eight years, and then came to Apollo, where he worked for two years at puddling in the rolling-mill. Leaving the mill, he purchased a grocery store, ^vhich he conducted, with very good success, for four years. In September, 1887, he purchased the " James House," which, after thoroughly refitting, he opeuetl as the Apollo Hotel. It contains thirteen rooms, besides the sitting-rooms, dining-room and kitchen. Mr. Hunter's extensive business experience and his courteous attention to the wants of his gne>^ts have made him popular and successful as a hotel-keeper. He has a large trade, holding all his old patrons and constantly gaining new ones. He married Phebe Buckerstaff, daughter of Alexander Buckerstaff, of Irwin, Pa. They have had seven children, of whom five are : Margaret Minerva, Mina Gertrude, Howard Clinton, Robert Owen and Charles. W. C. Hunter is democratic in principles and always gives a hearty support to his party. He is a member of the Improved Order of Red Men and Royal Arcanum. ROBERT ORR HUNTER is an old and well-known citizen of Apollo, who has been successfully engaged in the hardware busi- ness for over forty years. He is a son of Ken- nedy and Margaret (Fiscus) Hunter, and was born on Crooked creek, Allegheny township, Armstrong county, Pennsylvania, January 4, 1817. When the Revolutionary struggle for independence commenced on Lexington common and the tidings of New England's spirited resistance to ministerial tyranny was borne to eastern Pennsylvania, one among the many in that section to take up arms in the cause of the Colonies was Col. Robert Hunter, of Hunter's Valley. At the expiration of his term of enlist- ment he came to Hannastown, Westmoreland county, where he was residing when it was given to the flames by the Indians, on July 13, 1782. He was a prominent and influential cit- izen in the " Hannastown country," where he dealt largely in stock. He was a Jeffersonian democrat and a strict presbyterian. He married Anna Sloan, daughter of Capt. John Sloan, a Revolutionary soldier, who was killed at the siege of Yorktown. Several sons and daugh- ters were born to them, and one of their sons was Kennedy Hunter (father), who was born at the old Hannastown, of frontier fame, in 1778, and died at Apollo, Oct. 1, 1809, when in the ninety-first year of his age. He removed to Crawford county, where he enlisted 404 BIOGRAPHIES OF as a soldier of the war of 1812. At the end of { his term of service he re-enlisted and served at ' Baltimore when that city was threatened by the j British, in 1814. From Crawford county he removed to Crooked creek, where he dwelt for many years, and was engaged in farming and in buying and driving stock to the eastern markets. About 1845 he came to Apollo, where he resided until his death, in 1869. He was a democrat and a presbyterian, and married Margaret Fiscus, who was a daughter of Abraiiara Fiscus, of Westmoreland county, and died in Phnn Creek township, in 1832, at eightv-four years of age. To them wei'e born eight ciiildren, of whom five are living. Robert Orr Hunter received his education in the old subscription schools. At nine years of age he became an errand boy on tiie old Penn- sylvania canal, along whicli he worked until 1835. He then learned the trade of tailon which he followed for seven years, and at the end of tiiat time rented a boat on the Ohio canal, whicii he ran until 1844. He then opened a tin and stove store, although possessed of but sixty dollars capital, and succeeded so Avell that he increased his capital sufficiently to engage in the grocery business, in which he met with good success. In 1850 he returned to Apollo, where in the succeeding year, he em- barked in his present prosperous hard- ware business. His establishment is on the ciirner of North street, where he keeps a full Hue of hardware, including builders' supplies, tools and household and shelf-ware. December 20, 1849, Mr. Hunter married Margaret J. Kline, who is a daughter of Ber- nard Kline, of Westmoreland county, this State. Robert Orr Hunter is steadfast in the demo- cratic faith of his forefathers, and supports the party of Jefferson and Jackson. He became a member of the IMasonic fraternity in 1851, and has served as treasurer of Apollo Lodge, No. 437, Free and Accepted Masons. He owns some valuable property in Apollo, and a very fine farm, which is but a short distance beyond the borough limits. Robert Orr Hun- ter, now having passed his three-score and ten years, can look back over half a century of his active and useful life spent in serving and accommodating the public. SAMUEL JACK, a prominent advocate of the cause of temperance at Apollo, was born near White Rock Eddy, in what was then Allegheny township, Armstrong county, Penn- sylvania, April 26, 1820, and is a son of John and Mary Ann (Smith) Jack. The Jack family is of Irish descent. While William Jack (great-grandfather) and his wife were on board the ship coming to America, their son, James Jack, was born. They settled at White Rock Eddy, where they lived the remainder of their lives. James Jack (grandfather) was a team- ster the most of his life, driving a pack team from Pittsburgh to Philadelphia and Balti- more. He was an uncompromising democrat. He married Mattie Morri.son, of Irish descent, by whom he had eight children. He died at the advanced age of ninety years. John Jack (father) was born near White Rock Eddy, April 27, 1788, learned the trade of shoemaker, but after his marriage he gave up that occupa- tion and went to farming. He voted the dem- ocratic ticket all his life and was a strict mem- ber of the Presbyterian church. Thoroughly honest, a kind neighbor and a faithful friend, his death, which occurred on Oct. 27, 1858, was deplored by the whole community. His wife was Mary Ann, daughter of Archibald Smith, wlio, with his wife, Molly (Anderson) Smith, emigrated from Ireland to the United States, becoming early settlers of Armstrong county. John Jack had seven children. Samuel Jack, after receiving his education in the subscription schools of the county, learned the trade of cooper, which he followed for thirty ARMSTRONG COUNTY. 40.5 years. For two years he acted as superintend- ent of an oil company. In 1866 he opened a lumber-yard, in connection with his planing- mill, in Apollo. For twenty-four years his eldest son was in partnership with him, but in the spring of 1890 he sold one-fifth interest to three of his sons, thus making himself and four sons equal partnei's. The firm of Samuel Jack & Sons has for many years conducted an exten- sive business, controlling exclusively the whole of the lumber trade in Apollo. On April 14, 1840, he married Catherine, daughter of Daniel Beck, a soldier of tlie war of 1812. To them have been born ten chil- dren, of whom six are living: Daniel, S. S., Mathew A,, Mary Jane, David R. and Henry F. During the late civil war S. S. Jack, the second son, enlisted in the regimental band of the 11th regiment, Pa. Reserves, September 11, 1861 ; was discharged in 1862, and the follow- ing year re-entered the service, joining C'o. G, 63d regiment, Pa. Vols. He serveil in this regiment until January 2, 1865, when he was discharged on account of a severe wound in the left hand, received in the battle of Spottsyl- vauia Court-House, May 12, 1864. From 1866 to 1882 he assisted his father in the lum- ber business. For the last eight years he has been in the employment of the Apollo Iron & Steel company, — at present chief clerk in their office. He is a stanch republican, and has been elected by his party to various offices of public trust. He is a member of the board of school trustees, and one of the directors of The Apollo Mutual Building & Loan association. He is also a member of Cliarles S. Whitworth Post, No. 89, G. A. R., and an earnest memlier of the Methodist Episcopal church. On Fel)ruary 23, 1865, he married Hannah Ulam, daughter of Simon Truby, and has two daughters : Lillie May, wife of T. J. Baldrige, and Carrie Belle. The Jack brothers rank among the solid men of Apollo. During his early manhood, Samuel Jack was a whig, and after that party went down he joined the republicans, but since 1884 he has advocated the cause of the Prohibition pai-ty, working ince-ssantly for its success, and intends to vote anti-saloon till he dies. He is a stew- ard and a member of the board of trustees of the Methodist Episcopal church. In the di- rection of the public welfare of the borough, he has filled the offices of burgess and school director. After the cares and turmoil of a busy life, surrounded by their children and children's children, Samuel Jack and his faithful wife are calmly waiting their last summons. GENERAL SAMUEL McCARTNEY JACKSON. Among those sons of Arm- strong county whose privilege it has been to achieve distinction in civil as well as military life, is Gen. Samuel McCartney Jackson, an active and successful business man of the county and of Apollo, with whose interests he has been closely identified by over a quarter of a century's residence and active business life within its lim- its. He is a son of John and Elizabeth (Mc- Cartney) Jackson, and was born near Apollo, Armstrong county, Pennsylvania, September 24, 1833. The Jackson family is of Irish descent and has always been prominent in the southern part of the county from its earliest settlement. James .Jackson (grandfather) came from Ireland to Pennsylvania with his parents, who were at Hannastown (1782) when it was burned by Indians, and finally settled in Kis- kiminetas township. James Jackson died at eighty-four years of age and his eldest son, John Jackson (father), was born October 12, 1797, and died January 8, 1853. John Jack- son was the builder of his own fortune and became one of the wealthy, honorable and highly respected men of the county. On October 5, 1826, he married Elizabeth Mc- Cartney, of Scotch lineage, who was born Oc- 406 BIOGRAPHIES OF tober 10, 1805, and died August 9, 1880. She was an amiable Christian woman and was the mother of ten children, of whom the second son and fourth child was Gen. S. M. Jackson. Samuel M. Jackson was reared on a farm and at sixteen years of age enteral Jacksonville academy in Indiana county, but one ^year later the death of his father compelled him to leave school and lose his long contemplated liberal academic education. He was well read in history and biography and took an active part in the State Militia, in which he had obtained his enrollment at thirteen years of age. Effi- ciency as a soldier secured him successive pro- motion until he was commissioned as a captain. AVhen the late war commenced Capt. Jackson immediately proffered his services to the gov- ernment and recruited Co. G, or the Apollo Independent Blues, of the 11th Pa. Reserves, of which he became captain when it was mus- tered into service. On July 2, 1861, he was promoted to major and on October 28th, was commissioned lieutenant-colonel. April 10, 1863, he was promoted to colonel of his regi- ment. He served gallantly through his three years' term of service, received two slight wounds, and was conspicuous at Gaines' Mill, Second Bull Run, South Mountain, Antietam, Fredericksburg, Gettysburg, in the Wilder- ness and at Spottsylvania Court-house and Bethesda Church. He particularly distin- guished himself at South Mountain, Freder- icksburg, Gettysburg and the Wilderness, where the conflicts were of such a nature as to try officers and men to their utmost, and espe- cially to test the bravery, decision anersburg, Pa., where Mr. Laufman died at eighty-seven years of age and where his wife passed away in 1836, when in the sixty second year of her age. Of the sons born unto them one was David Laufman (grandfiither), who was born in the first year of the present century and died at Southampton furnace when only thirty-four years of age. He had served as deputy sheriff of Franklin county, was an iron-master and at the time of his death was one of the proprietors of Southampton furnace. He married Susan Harrington, who died in 1854, aged fifty-three years. She was the only child of Nicholas and Elizabeth (Shriver) Har- rington. The father of Nicholas Harrington was the second son of Lord Harrington of England, and after serving as a captain in the English army came to this country where he was killed in Ohio, in St. Clair's defeat. One of David Laufman's sons was Philip Harring- ton Laufman (father), who was born at Cham- bensburg in 1822, and removed in 1840 to Pittsburgh, where he was successively a mem- ber of the hardware firms of Huber & Lauf- man and Laufman & Brother. During his residence in Pittsburgh, he was a member of the select council and board of education as well as being one of the five commissioners who erected the present system of water-works of that city. He came to Apollo in 1876 where he purchased an interest in the Apollo rolling- mill. It was built in 1856 and manufactured nails until 1861, when it commenced the produc- tion of sheet-iron and after changing ownersliip several times was purchased by Messrs. Lauf- man & Co., in 1876. The iron made is of ex- cellent q^uality and finds a ready sale in all the markets. The mill has seven puddling furnaces and five charcoal fires for sinking wrought scrap iron; two trains of rolls; one steam hammer striking a fifteen ton blow ; one set of bar rolls, and one pair of cold rolls. In 1880 the full capacity of the mill was 65 tons of fin- ishetl iron per week and has now risen to 300 tons per week. Equipped with all the recent appliances and possessing al)undant railroad facilities, their prudent and intelligent manage- ment has made their iron a staple article in the market. In 1886 the firm of P. H. Laufman & Co. erected their present sheet-iron and sheet- steel works and became manufacturers of a fine sheet-iron and decarbonized sheet steel which are well-known for their superior qualities and which sell readily aud in large quantities in New York and St. Louis, where a continuous de- mand exists for them. These works (Apollo Sheet Iron mills) cover one and one-half acres of ground and the company employs one hun- dred and fifly men, of whom over one hundred are Americans. Their yearly business aggre- gates three hundred thousand dollars. Mr. Laufman has just completed his copper plating works at a cost of ten thousand dollars. In 412 BIOGRAPHIES OF 1848 he married Mary A. Berlin, daughter of Philip aud Mary (Cover) Berlin. To Mr. and Mrs. Laufmau were born two sons, Wilmer B. and Philip H., and six daughters. W. B. Laufman was reared and educated in Pittsburgh aud engaged at an early age in busi- ness, for which he showed a decided aptitude. He came with his father to Apollo in 1876 aud they are the principal stock-holders in the iron manufacturing company of which they are members. The oiEcers of the com^jany are P. H. Laufmau, chairman; Gen. S. M. Jackson, treasurer; and W. B. Laufman, secretary. On May 25, 1 876, W. B. Laufman united in marriage with Beatrice Lawson, of Pittsburgh. To this union have been born four children, three sons and one daughter: Harry B., CliflFord L., Wilmer S. and Trixie. To conduct an extensive business successfully, as Mr. Laufman has conducted his, requires good mental and physical qualifications and a strong and active mind with practical common sense. He is a thorough business man. He and his father, by the establishment and opera- tion of their extensive iron mills, have con- tributed largely to the prosperity of Apollo. WILLIAM McBRYAR, M.D. A physi- cian who has attained deserved distinc- tion within the sphere of his profession is Dr. William McBryar, of Apollo. Of Scotch-Irish descent he has inherited the sturdy independ- ence, high sense of honor and tireless energy of that determined race. He was born in Wash- ington township, Westmoreland county, Pennsyl- vania, November 29, 1822, and is a son of James and Elizabeth (Dickey) McBryar. Nathaniel McBryar, paternal grandfather of Dr. McBryar, was one of those sturdy, upright and intelligent Scotch-Irish presbyterians, who came from county Down, Ireland, to the northern part of Westmoreland county during the closing dec- ades of the last century, when wolves and Indians infested that section of the country. He was one of the founders of the Poke Run Presbyterian congregation, and donated to it the ground (five acres) upon which its fir.st church building was erected, for the privilege of occupying forever a specified pew in the church. He served as a teamster in the west- ern army during the war of 1812. He was a whig in politics after that party came into ex- istence. He married a widow Thompson, by • whom he had three children : David, a daugh- ter, who died in infancy, and James. James McBryar (father) was born July 18, 1784, and died Oct. 3, 1870. He helped his father to build the first grist-mill ever erected in the northern part of Westmoreland county, and toward the close of his long and useful life he removed from his farm, in 1868, to Apollo, Armstrong county. He was a man of incor- ruptible integrity, and, like his father before him, was an old-line whig and a strict member of the Presbyterian church. On June 20, 1811, he married Elizabeth Dickey, who was born in Franklin county, April 22, 1788, and died in 1872, when in the eighty-fifth year of her age. To them were born four sons and four daugh- ters, of whom four are living : Samuel, Dr. William, Mary and Sarah, wife of J. D. Mc- Quilkin. Those deceased are: N. L. Mc- Laughlin, Margaret, Watson and David D. William McBryar was reared on his father's farm, and desiring a better education than that which was aflbrded by the schools of his neigh- borhood, he entered, on May 1, 1844, Rich- mond Classical institute, of Jefferson county, Ohio, from which he was graduated iu Septem- ber, 1847. On November 1st of that year he commenced reading medicine under Dr. John Dixon, of Allegheny city (afterwards of Pitts- burgh), with whom he remained until October 18, 1849, excepting one winter spent in teach- ing. He then attended a course of lectures in the medical department of the University of $ ^>-^c^ ^^ (/ ,/ .J^. ^/^ ARMSTRONG COUNTY. All the cit\' of New York, and in July, 1S50, en- tered into partnership with Dr. John McNeal, of New Salem, Westmoreland county, where he practiced until April 1, 1852. He then went to near Congruity church, which location he left in June to become a partner of Dr. Allison, of Saltsburg, Pa. In September, 1852, he re- turnal to the University of New York, and was graduated from the medical depart- ment 'n 1853. On April 19th of that year he came to Apollo, where he has been in active, continuous and successful practice ever since. Octoljer 4, 1855, he married Sarah J. Callen, daughter of Matthew and Jane (Paul) Callen. Dr. and Mrs. McBryar have been the parents of five children: Lizzie J. (deceased); James C. (deceased); Ada M., William Lyle, who married Margaret J. Johnson, October 25, 1888; and Hattie Dickey. Mrs. McBryar's maternal grandparents were Squire Samuel and Jane (Porterfield) Paul ; the former a native of Ireland and the latter of Cumberland county, and both of Scotch-Irish descent. Dr. McBryar is a republican in politics. While never neglecting the duties of his large practice, he has always been interested in the progress, growth and prosperity of Apollo. He was prominent in organizing the Apollo Sav- ings bank, of which he has always been a di- rector. He has also been identified with edu- cational interests beyond his town, serving at one time as president of the board of trustees of Kittanning academy, and likewise in finan- cial affairs he is interested beyond this county, having served as president of the Dubois Savings bank, of Clearfield county, which he took an active part in organizing in 1880. At home he has given much of his time in the interests of the material prosperity of his town. He was largely instrumental in securing the present iron bridge at Apollo, and was also prominently identified with its construction. Dr. McBryar is president of. the Westmoreland -25 and Armstrong county Mutual Fire Insurance company, and is medical examiner for the Penn Mutual Life Insurance company, of Philadel- phia, and the Equitable Life A.ssurance society, of New York. Dr. William McBryar has always been obliging, kind and affable, yet firm and decided in character, and, like his fore- fathers, a stanch presbyterian, taking an active part in church affairs, as a member of session and also of the board of trustees in Apollo Presbyterian church. T) S. McMULLEN, a rising young architect -^ • and builder, and president of a leading builders' and contractors' company of Apollo, is a son of George H. and Salome (King) McMullen, and was born in Manor township, Armstrong county, Pennsylvania, May 3, 1861. His father, George McMullen, was born in Westmoreland county. Pa., and is a carpenter by trade. He removed to Apollo, and was a clerk in a store there for a short time, but dur- ing most of his life has followed his trade. He has always been a prominent democrat, and taken an active part in local iwlitics. He has served several terms as overseer of the poor. He is a member of the Presbyterian church, and is as energetic in the discharge of the duties incumbent upon him as a member of the church, as he is in the transaction of his business affairs. He married Salome King, daughter of Henry King, of Kittanning, by whom he had seven children : H. D., a carpenter of Pittsburgh ; J. H., who is in the railway service; P. S., of Apollo; Kate, Hannah, Eliza and Susie. P. S. McMullen received a good education in the common schools of Westmoreland county, Salem academy and a seminary. He afterwards took a special course of training in polytech- nics in the Western University, of Allegheny city, Pa., in order to fit himself for his voca- tion as an architect. He taught school seven terms, the last two terms, a teacher's select 418 BIOGRAPHIES OF school in Apollo. In 1886 he opened a store in Apollo for the sale of hardware and build- ers' supplies, in connection with which he runs a planing-mill, aud has built up a good trade. In 1890 he was elected president of a company then organized as contractors and builders. He is also the archite<3t for the company, and although this organization has just been com- pleted, they have already contracted to put up buildings which will cost forty thousand dollars. He is secretary of the National Saving and Loan association, of Apollo. On July 5, 1887, he married Martha Wil- lard, a native of Westmoreland county. Their union has been blest with one child, a daughter: Beatrice. For several years, Mr. McMuUeu has been actively and successfully engaged in his profes- sion as an architect. In the different buildings which he has planned, he has displayed fine taste, as well as artistic skill and good judgment. ROBERT EMMETT McCAULEY, M.D. One of the most useful and profound of human pursuits is the medical profession, and of Armstrong county's progressive and success- ful physicians, one is Dr. Robert Emmett McCauley, of Apollo. He was born in Wayne township, Armstrong county, Pennsylvania, June 15, 1844, and is the seventh and young- est son of William and Patience (Smith) McCauley. William McCauley was a native of Ireland, where he learned the trade of brick- layer. He came in early life to Virginia, where he located at Petersburg, and in the course of a few years acquired quite a number of slaves and a considerable amount of prop- erty. He met with a reverse of fortune through some extensive contracts in which he was largely interested, and in order to retrieve his financial condition he came to Pennsyl- vania, where he eventually settled in Wayne township, this county. He was born in 1795 and died in 1866, when in the seventieth year of his age. He received a first-class education in one of the best schools of Ireland aud although working continuously at bricklaying during his lifetime, yet always kept himself well informed upon all religious and political subjects of interest. He was a member of the Protestant Episcopal church, aud in the field of politics was an ardent supporter of the prin- ciples and policy of the Republican party. He married Patience Smitli, a granddaughter of Col. Richard Smith, a native of England, who was one of the first settlers of Long Island, New York. Mrs. McCauley was born in 1801 and passed away in December, 1889, when rap- idly Hearing her eighty-ninth milestone on the pathway of life. Robert E. McCauley was reared on a farm until he was ten years of age, when his par- ents removed to Kittanuing, where he attended the academy of that place until he was eighteen years of age. In 1863, he enlisted in Co. C, Burdan's 2d United States Sharjjshootera, and served two years. His company were sharpshooters, and he participated in the Wilderness fights, in one of which, on May 5, 1864, his brother Charles (Co. B, 105th Pa. Vols.) was killed. After passing safely through the terrific struggles of the Wilder- ness, he took part in the battles of Cold Harbor, Mine Run, Spottsylvania and the engagements in front of Petersburg. When the war closed he returned to Kittanuing, resumed his literary studies and attended Dayton academy for one year. He then read medicine with Dr. Banks of Long Island, and entered the College of Physicians and Surgeons of New York, from which he was graduated with high standing in the class of 1871. Immediately after gradu- ation he came to Apollo, where he opened an office, and has been actively, continuously and successfully engaged ever since in the practice of his profession. January 11, 1872, he united in marriage with 4 't aJHIp (^/^/^^^ ^-^^^ ARMSTRONG COUNTY. 423 Mattie Carjienter, daughter of Samuel Carpen- ter, of AVestmorelaud county, Penna. To their union have been born five children : Patience, who died at the age of six years; Elizabeth, Mary Ivy, Roberta and William Wallace. In politics he is a republican. He is presi- dent of the school board of his borough, for whose schools he has labored earnestly, faithfully and successfully. Dr. McCauley is a member of the Grand Army of the Republic, and has been a past commander in that organization. He has always had the houor, welfare and use- fulness of his jtrofession at heart, and has always given the closest of attention to the numerous cases of his practice. He is a mem- ber of the Armstrong County Medical society, and has always commanded the respect and good-will of the members of his profession. Dr. McCauley has ever been active in all move- ments for the improvement of his profession in the county, and has always endeavored to keep pace with the progress and development of medical science. JAMES D. McQUILKIN, of Scotch-Irish descent, and one of the well-known and highly respected citizens of Apollo, is a son of Daniel and Martha (Patterson) McQuilkin, and was born two miles from Delmont, in Salem township, Westmoreland county, Pennsylvania, February 14, 1823. The McQuilkins were originally from Scotland, but went over into the historic north of Ireland, and were among the sturdy Scotcii-Irish who became early set- tlers of Westmoreland county. James McQuil- kin (grandfather) was born near Edinburgh, Scotland, came from Ireland to America in 1780, and settled in Salem township, Westmore- land county, at the head of Beaver run. He wa-s a prominent member of the Presbyterian church, was one of the founders of the church of that denomination at Salem, and was largely instrumental in the formation of the congre- gation and erection of the church edifice. He settled the estates of scores of the people, and for over a quarter of a century did the principal part of the conveyancing for that section of his county. He was a stanch democrat in politics, a stern presbyterian in religious faith, and a man whose public and private life was unsullied by a dishonorable act. He died in 1802. In 1780 he married Ann Robinson, who was born in the " Big Cove " of Pennsylvania. They had ten children. The third sou, Daniel McQuil- kin (father), was born in 1787, and married Martha Patterson, daughter of Henry Patter- son, a native of Ireland, by whom he had seven children, three of whom are living : Jane, Martha N. and James D. He was a successful farmer, a strong democrat and a consistent mem- ber of the Presbyterian church, and died in 1831, in the forty-fifth year of his age. James D. McQuilkin was born on the farm where his father died, and received a good edu- cation. He was successfully engaged in agri- cultural pursuits until March, 1875, when he sold his homestead farm of one hundred and forty-eight acres and came to Apollo. He is a fitting representative of that wonderful Scotch- Irish race known all over the world for its in- tegrity, thrift and uprightness. He possesses, seemingly, some of the power of Midas, of whom it is recorded in mythology that everything he touched turned to gold, and every enterprise in which he embarketl was crowned with success. His marriage, too, was as fortunate as his business ventures. In October, 18(39, he mar- ried Sarah P., daughter of William McBryar, and sister to Dr. William McBryar, one of the most prominent citizens and successful physi- cians of Apollo. She was graduated from Blairsville seminary, was successfully engaged in leaching for several terms, and is a woman of rare culture and refinement. During the last fifteen years they have occupied a beau- tiful home at Apollo, surrounded by all the comforts of life that wealth aad refined taste 424 BIOGRAPHIES OF can provide. He is a consistent member of the United Presbyterian church, while Mrs. Mc- Quilkin holds membership in the Presbyterian church, where she is highly esteemed for her usefulness as a Christian worker. HENRY ABSALOM RUDOLPH. In the political, as well as in social and business circles in Apollo, Henry Absalom Rudolph is known as a stirring, energetic man — a citizen of honor, worth and stability. He is a son of Abraham and Elizabeth (Willyard) Rudolph and was born near Salina, Westmoreland county, Pennsylvania, November 11, 1831. John G. Rudolph (grandfather), who was born in Hol- land in 1748, came to America in 1771, to- gether with his brothers, George and Jacob. George located first in Berks county, afterward in Butler county. Jacob went to Ohio, settling in the Western Reserve, and one of his grand- daughters is Mrs. James A. Garfield. John G. Rudolph located in the extreme northwestern section of Westmoreland county, taking up one thousand acres of government land on the east bank of Beaver run. He was fearless and courageous, as became a pioneer, yet withal an accomplished scholar, having been educated for the ministry, was well versed in both German and English classical literature. He brought with him from Germany various fruit seeds which he planted on his farm. In 1771 he married Christina Myers, whose father, two sis- ters and a brother were killed by the Indians in 1782 while young Rudolph was trying to make his way to Hannastown to warn the in- habitants of the coming of the Indians. He died and left nine children. His eldest son, Abraham Rudolph (father), was born in Salem township, Westmoreland county, December 11, 1773, on the old Rudolph homestead and lived all his life within one-half a mile of where he was born. He learned the trade of shoemaker at East Liberty, Pa., when there were but three houses in the village, which trade he followed until 1836, when, losing his right arm, he went to farming. He measured six feet three inches in height and was of commanding appearance. He was a road supervisor of Salem township for many years. He was a democrat until after Polk's election, when he became a whig, and when that party went down he affiliated with the Republican party. While always interested in politics, he was no politician. He died of typhoid fever in 1851. He married Elizabeth, daughter of Frederick Willyard, who came to this country early in life from Alsace Lorraine, France, settling on Bushy run, in Hempfield township. Mr. Willyard was a cooper by trade, but left his occupation to enter the American army during the war of 1812, enlist- ing in Capt. McConan's company. He was a man of colossal proportions and immense phys- ical strength, and was considered the most ath- letic man in the county. His wife lived to be one hundred and four years old. Henry Absalom Rudolph, after having re- ceived his education in the subscription schools of the county, learned the trade of shoemaker with John C. Rochester, at New Alexandria, Westmoreland county, and has followed the business ever since, first at Saltsbui'g, but for the last thirty-one years at Apollo. He married Susau E., daughter of CoK Jo- seph Bower, of Mifflin county, an old Revolu- tionary soldier. They had two sons and one daughter: George Law, now employed with his father; Joseph B., a book-keeper in Missouri ; Rose A., who married John Rodgers, and dying left two sons: Harry R. and Guy. After her death he married Elizabeth, daughter of Henry Owens. By this second marriage he has six children : Alice G., wife of Joseph Murphy ; Harry G. Lomisou, Susan E., B. F. Butler, Lottie L. and Sarah J. He is an ardent republican, always taking an active part in local politics. He was in the secret service of the U. S. during the rebellion. In ARMSTRONG COUNTY. 42& former years he acted as fireman and engineer on the P. R. R. between Altoona and Harris- burg. H. A. Rudolph has been a member of the I. O. O. F. since 1853, and has represented his lodge frequently in the Grand Lodgeof that order of Pennsylvania. He is a member of the Pres- byterian church. HR. SISIELTZER, a well-established mer- • chant of Apollo, and a descendant of two old pioneer families of western Pennsylvania, is a son of Joseph and Mary (Carnahan) Smelt- zer, and was born in Bell township, Westmore- land county, Pennsylvania. The Smeltzer family came originally from Germany, and one of their number, Jacob Smeltzer (grandfather), was an early settler of Westmoreland county. He was also one of the founders of the Evangelical Lutheran church, in Bell township, and in 1803 was one of a committee of two to co-operate with a similar committee from the Reformed church to decide upon a grave-yard to be used by the families of the two church organizations. They selected a plot of ground a short distance above the once famous village of " Old Town." The commit- tee was also instructed to build a church upon the same lot and the timbers were dressed and drawn to the place, the foundation was laid and the first two or three courses of logs were placed in position when the question arose among the members of the two churches, who had gathered from far and near to the "raising," "to whom shall the church and land be deeded ? " As that important question could not be satisfac- torily answered, work ceased, and to-day heaps of hewn but decayed timber and the four logs that were placed in position still remain to mark the site of the proposed church. Josejih Smelt- zer (father), was born on his father's farm in Bell township, and was an active member of the Luth- eran church, holding the office of deacon for many years. He was one of the founders of St. James Union church, which was built in 1838, by the Lutheran and Reformed denominations of Bell township. He was a successful farmer and sup- ported the democratic party until his death. He married Mary Carnahan, daughter of David Carnahan, of Westmoreland county. They had three children: Benton, living at Paulton; Albert, a resident of Jeannette ; and H. R., of Apollo. John Carnahan (maternal great-grandfather), was one of the earliest set- tlers of Bell town.ship, where he built a log block-house in 1774, which was the refuge of his neighbors when threatened by an invasion of the Indians during that year. His son, Capt. James Carnahan (maternal grandfather), commanded the 1st Independent company of Riflemen at Valley Forge and fought under Gen. Wayne at Stony Point, and served under Arnold and Morgan in the battle of Saratoga. He was accidentally drowned in the Allegheny river in the winter of J 786. H. R. Smeltzer attended the common schools of his native township. Early in life he engaged in the general mercantile business, which he has followetl ever since. Soon after coming to Apollo he opened his present mercantile estab- lishment. He has a complete stock of dry- goods, groceries, hardware and all the articles called for in a first-class store. Although he has been a resident of Apollo but for a short time, yet he has succeeded in establishing a sub- stantial and rapidly increasing business. He married a Miss Johnson, daughter of William Johnson, of Westmoreland county, who died in a few years, and for his second wife he married Matilda Jockey, daughter of Matthew Jockey. To this second union has been born one child. In politics Mr. Smeltzer is a democrat. He is a member of the Evangelical Lutheran church, and for the last six years has been the superin- tendent of the Lutheran Sunday-school ol Apollo. 426 BIOGRAPHIES OF GEORGE W. STEELE, a descendant of the old and substantial Steele family of Westmoreland county, and the proprietor of the Steele livery stables, of Apollo, was born in Washington township, Westmoreland county, Pennsylvania, ^L^rch 1, 18.58, and is a son of Absalom and Susan (Kistler) Steele. The Steele family became residents of Westmoreland county at an early day and were among the most industrious and thrifty families of western Pennsylvania. The paternal grandfather of George W. Steele was Joseph Steele, who was born in Mount Pleasant township, in the south- ern part of that county. Like the most of farm- ers' sons of that early day, he turned his atten- tion to farming, which he followed until his death. He married Barbara Blystone, by whom he had six sons and three daughters of whom the eighth child was Absalom Steele (father), who was born in Franklin, township in 1820, and settled in AVashington township, West- moreland county, where he has been engaged in farming for many years. He is a republican in politics, has been successful in farming and stock-raising, and is a deacon of the Reformed church, of which he has been a useful member for many years. He married Susan Kistler, daughter of Michael Kistler, who was an old settler and highly respected citizen of West- moreland county. To them were born eleven sons and one daughter, of whom the subject of this sketch was the seventh child. George W. Steele was reared on his father's farm. He attended the common schools and Salem academy and obtained a good English education. After farming for several years he went from Westmoreland to the oil regions of McKean county, where he remained for one year at Bradford and then (1882) came to Apollo. From 1882 to 1884 he was engaged as a clerk in his brother's shoe and gents' fur- nishing goods store, and in the latter year em- barked in his present successful livery business on Warren avenue. September 29, 1885, he married Mary Jones, daughter of Robert Jones, of Apollo. They have two children, a son and a daughter : Walter Raymond and Olive Grace. In politics Mr. Steele has always supported the republican party. He is a member of the First Presbyterian church of Apollo and the common council of the borough. For the past six years he has been building up a good pa- tronage in his livery business. His stables are well-filled with a large and well selected assort- ment of carriages, buggies and carts and a fine stock of riding and driving horses. He never keeps less than fifteen head of horses and always has experienced and trusted drivers. He is a respected citizen and a prominent member of Branch No. 245, Order of the Iron Hall, and Darling Council, No. 250, Junioi Order of United American Mechanics. The Steele family is one of the old families of Ireland from which James Steele (the great- grandfather of George W. Steele) came to Westmoreland county, this State, where he set- tled in Mount Pleasant township, and after- wards served as a soldier in the Revolutionary war. HENRY UNCAFER. By thrift and in- dustry Henry Uncafer has pushed his way to the front rank, in spite of all opposing difficulties, and now is numbered among the loading business men of Apollo. He is the eldest son of John and Matilda (Boartz) Un- cafer, and was born in Salem village, West- moreland county, Pennsylvania, in October, 1845. The Uncafer family is of German de- scent. Peter Uncafer (grandfather) was born in Westmoreland county, where he lived nearly all of his life. He was a quiet, peaceable farm- er, and esteemed by his neighbors as an honest, industrious man. He married a Miss Shoe- maker. His son, John Uncafer (father), was born near Saltsburg, Indiana county, Pa., in ARMSTRONG COUNTY. 429 1823. Early in life he followed the trade of blacksmith, but afterwards entered upon a mer- cantile life, keeping a dry-goods store. He was one of the fortunate business men, with whom everything prospered. The latter years of his life he spent at Apollo. He was an active poli- tician, always voting the democratic ticket. He was a man of strong convictions and always endeavored to act as his conscience directed. He inherited from his German forefathers those sturdy and commendable qualities of persever- ance, energy and determination which tend so much to make a business man successful. He was a member of the Ldtheran church. He was married to Matilda I^oartz, daughter of Peter Boartz, by whom he had four children, all of whom are still living. Henry Uncafer received his education in the public schools of Apollo, and was well trained for mercantile pursuits in his father's store He afterwards entered the store of I'aul Hacke, on Sixth avenue, Pittsburgh, as a clerk, where he remained imtil October, 1879, when he en- gaged in the mercantile business at Apollo, where he has since resided. From a small beginning, his business has increased, until now, in proper tions it ranks second to none in Apollo. He occupies a fine establishment 40x100 feet, the upper part of which is filled with carpet and clothing. He has one of the largest general stores at Apollo and carries a well-selected stock of dry-goods, groceries and all articles usually found in a first-class mercantile establishment. He is always atteutive to the interests of his business and receives a liberal patronage. In October, 1872, he married Julia M. Ross, daughter of Samuel Ross, of Beaver county, Pa. They have two children living : Herbert Henry and Howard Ross, both of whom assist their father in his business. In politics Mr. Uncafer is a man of inde- pendent views, and votes for whichever candi- date he considers the worthier man and the bet- ter fitted for the office. He is a member of Apollo Council, No. 168, Royal Arcanum. Henry Uncafer's success in business is an ex- emplification of the old Scotch adage: Take care of the pence and the pounds will take care of themselves. OIMOX S. WHITLINGER. Upon honesty ^ and industry as a foundation, Simon S. Whitlinger has built for him.self not only a moderate fortune, but a reputation for honor and integrity. He is a son of .lohn and Mary C. (Shearer) Whitlinger, and was born Decem- ber 28, 1816, in Westmoreland county, Penn- sylvania. His father, John Whitlinger, a na- tive of Germany, came to the United States when a young man, and settled in Westmore- land county. By occupation he was a farmer. He was a member of the Lutheran church, and adopted the tenets of the democratic party. He married Mary Catherine, a daughter of Louis Shearer, a farmer in what was formerly Allegheny township, Westmoreland county, and who, during the war of 1812, served in the United States army. They had five chil- dren : John, Jr., who was killed by the Con- federates in Missouri ; Margaret, wife of Samuel Harb (now deceasetl) ; Anna, also deceased ; Peter, living at Saltsburg, and Simon S. Whit- linger. John Whitlinger was a sturdy, honest German, frugal and industrious, as was becom- ing a son of the Fatherland. Simon S. Whitlinger attended the schools of Allegheny township and of Leechburg. At the age of fourteen he went to learn the trade of tanner with David Kuhns, of Leechburg. Afler working with Mr. Kuhns for five years, he bought his employer's tannery, and conducted the tanning business for about ten years, when he sold it and removed to Apollo. Here he started a new tiinnery, and, after operating it for ten years, transferred it to his eldest son, J. F. Whitlinger, who still carries on the tan- ning business. In connection with his tannery, 430 BIOOBAPHIES OF he was engaged in harness and shoemaking, and also managed a farm of one hundred and twenty-five acres. After he disposed of the tiinnery in 1858, he gave his whole attention to his store, adding to his stock a full line of ready-made clothing and furnishing goods. In spite of a serious loss which he sustained by fire, he has steadily added to his fortune, little by little, until he has acquired a competency. He married Violet Taylor, daughter of INIat- thew Taylor, of Leechburg. She died in 1879. Tiiey had five children : J. F., engaged in the tanning business ; Anna, married to William AV^orthingtou ; Louis, who is now a plumber and gas-fitter; Sarah Belle, wife of Henry Druby, and Priscilla Jane, wife of George Brush. Although a republican in politics, and inter- ested in the success of his party, Mr. Whitlinger is no politician nor office-seeker. He has been steward and trustee in the Methodist church for many years, and is highly esteemed among all classes. JAMES S. WHITWORTH, a member of the Pittsburgh and the Kittanniug bar,and now in successful practice at Apollo, is a son of Smith and Henrietta (Ford) Whitworth, and was born at Apollo, Armstrong county, Peuusylvania March 13, 1857. The Whitworth family can be traced back in England to an early period in its history, and many of its members were pro- fessional men and manufacturers. Samuel Whit- worth (great-grandfather) was a civil engineer. Samuel Wiiitworth was the father of Ricliard Whitwoi'th (grandfather), who was a manufac- turer of woolen goods in England and afterwards in the United States. After he had beeu in business for some years in England lie came to Maryland, where he erected and operated two large woolen-mills, both of which were burned about 1888. He died in Baltimore city after he had been in this country for some years. Before he left England he married a Miss But- terworth, whose father was a prominent squire of the county in which he resided, and whose brother fell in the battle of Coruna, in Spain, under the celebrated Sir John Moore. They had five children : Smith, Richard, Samuel, Alice and Samuel. Mrs. Whitworth died and Mr. Whitworth married for his second wife a Miss Grant, who bore him three daughters. The eldest son. Smith AYhitworth (father), was born in Lancashire, England, and about 1840 came to Apollo, where he was engaged exten- sively for some years in the boating business. He then turned his attention to grain dealing and the mercantile business, and in 1858 became a member of the firm of McCliutock & Co., who purchased the works of the Kiskimiuetas Iron company and manufactured nails for several years. In 1885 Mr. Whitworth retired from active business life. He is a stanch republican, a strong temperance man and never would accept of any office except that of school director, which he held for many years. His business life was a very successful one, and he still keeps well informed on commercial matters. He is a great reader, has a retentive memory and is well versed in history and literature and reads closely the current news of the day. He is one of the oldest members of Apollo Lodge, No. 437, F. and A. M., in which he takes a deep interest. He married Henrietta Ford, daughter of John Ford. Their children are : Dr. Richard S., of Allegheny City, Pa.; John F., a lawyer at Kit- tanning; Alice, wife of Rev. D. K. Nesbit, a Presbyterian minister of Peoria, 111. ; James S. and ]\Iary Whitworth, who died Sept. 5, 1890. James S. Whitworth attended the public schools of Apollo and entered Vermillion college, Ohio, in which he took a tlu-ee years' course. In 1878 he became principal of tiie Apollo schools, whicli position he held until 1880, when he registered as a law student with John Gilpin, a lawyer of Kittaiining. On May 1, 1882, he was admitted to the Armstrong county bar and ARMSTRONG COUNTY. 431 soon thereafter went to Pittsburgh, where he practiced for two years in partnership with Charles Taylor, of that city. In 1884 he came to Apollo, where he has been in the successful practice of his profession ever since. He has been solicitor for the borough since 1885, is attorney for the Apollo Iron & Steel company and solicitor for the Apollo Building and Loan association. He is attentive and careful in all business matters, and his clients' aifairs are never neglected in any particular. He is a re- publican in politics, but devotes his time to his profession. October 23, 1888, he united in marriage with Caroline Orr, daughter of Samuel and Jane (Fuller) Orr, of near Spring Church, this county. They have one child, a son, named Smith Nesbit Whitworth. AIKENS S. WOLFE, a courteous, successful and enterprising photographer, of Apollo, is a son of Wallace E. and Katharine (Miller) Wolfe, and was born in Kiskiminctas township Armstrong county, Pennsylvania, August 25 1850. His grandfather, George Wolfe, was born ill Cumberland county, this State, August 15, 1772, married Agnes Evans, who was born in Butler county, March 22, 1788, and died in 1867. He was a farmer during most of his life and died in 1853, in the eighty-second year of his age. Wallace E. Wolfe (father) was born in Allegheny county, April 6, 1824, and in 1847 marrietl Katharine Miller. His second wife, whom he marrietl in 1869, was Elizabeth Miller, a sister of his first wife. They were the daughters of Joseph Miller, of Kiskiminetas township, Armstrong county. On August 27) 1864, he enlisted in the service of the Unitefl States as a private in Co. D, 6th Pa. Heavy Artillery, servetl ten months and was discharged June 13, 1865. He participated in the various battles and engagements of his regiment, and after his return from the army was engaged in farming until he retired from active life, in 1880. He was a man of sound judgment and unquestioned integrity. Aiken S. Wolfe, after leaving the public schools, in which he received his education, learned the art of photography, and for the pa.st twenty-one years has been engaged in that business at Apollo. He is affable in manner, progressive in spirit, keeping well up with the times in his business and is deserving of the success he has achieved. On June 6, 1872, he married Tillie N. James, daughter of Jesse James, of Apollo, Armstrong county. Their union has been blest with three .sons : Charles P., Edgar F. and Clifford J. Although no politician, he is an earnest sup- porter of the Republican party. He is a mem- ber of Darling Council, No. 250, Junior Order of United American Mechanics, Kiskiminetas Lodge, No. 1993, Knights of Honor and Apollo Camp, No. 155, Sons of Veterans. An affable, courteous gentleman, Mr. Wolfe is admired by his patrons and by following the rule that " what is worth doing is worth doing well," he has estab- lished himself firmly in the photograjihic busi- ness and built up a large patronage. His gallery is complete in all of its appointments and his work has always rendered satisfaction. His integrity, business capacity and skill as an artist are beyond question, and he fully deserves the many encomiums which have been pa.ssed upon him as a first-class photographer. FRANK T. WRAY. The progressive borough of Apollo is highly favored in having several first-class drug stores, among which is the establishment of Frank T. AVray, a practical and experienced druggist. He is a sou of William H. and Susan (Town.send) Wray, and was born near Olivet, Armstrong county, Pennsylvania, May 16, 1852. William H. Wray was a son of Robert Wraj", who came from eastern Pennsylvania and purchased 432 BIOGRAPHIES OF ARMSTRONG COUNTY. the farm now known as the old " Wray Home- j stead " at " Shady Plain." On this farm \ William H. Wray was born, December 2, 1821. On this farm he was also reared, and was afterwards employed in farming near Oliphant, Pa., until 1859, when he met with an accident which necessitated his retirement from physical labor. He then came i to Apollo, where he successfully engaged in the drug business until 1882, when he was suc- ceeded by his son, the subject of this sketch. After retiring from business, he resided in Apollo until his death, which occurred April 15, 1890. He was a republicsm politically, a member and trustee of the Presbyterian church | and a well respected man by all who knew him. He was elected justice of the peace, but being unassuming as well as modest, it took consider- j able urging on the part of his friends before he would accept that oflSce, which he held for ; several terms. Well informed and of good education, he was a useful citizen as well as an efficient magistrate. He married Susan Towu- send, who was a daughter of Robert Towusend, and died August 5, 1888. They were the ] parents of five children, of whom three are living : Harry C, Frank T. and William S. The youngest son, William S., was born October 21, 1862, and has been in the drug ljusiness ever since leaving school ; first with his father and now as a clerk for his brother. He married Agnes Gumbert, daughter of Daniel Gumbert, of Paulton, Pa. They have two children : Glaphy B. and Catherine L. He is a republican, a presbyterian and a well- qualified druggist. He is a member of the Independent Order of Odd Fellows and the Mystic Circle. i Frank T. Wray received his education in the public schools of Apollo and Leechburg, and Elder's Ridge academies. He then was successively a clerk in a general mercantile establishment and his father's drug store, until 1870, when he assumed charge of a drug store at Manor Station, Pa., which he conducted for seven months. He then resigned that position to become a traveling salesman for W. L- Jones & Co., of Pittsburgh. Five years later he accepted a similar situation with Harris & Ewing, now the L. H. Harris Drug Co., and traveled for them until 1882, when he pur- chased his father's drug store at Apollo, where he has continued successfully in the drug busi- ness ever since. He also has a stationery store in connection with his drug house, and carries a large stock of books and a very fine class of goods in the line of stationery, fancy goods and wall-paper. August 11, 1881, he united in marriage with Harriet J. Birch, a daughter of Hon. John Birch, of Claysville, Washington county, Pa., late member of the Honse of Representatives of Pennsylvania. To their union have been born three children : George Birch, born August 15, 1882; Susie T., born September 20, 1885; and James McCarrell, born July 14, 1889. Mrs. Wray is a sister of the Rev. G. W. F. Birch, D. D.,of New York City.Hou. John M. Birch, of Wheeling, late U. S. Consul at Nagasaki, Japan, and T. F. Birch, an attorney- at-law, of Washington, Pa. In politics Mr. Wray has always been n republican, although in local matters he votes for the most suitable and best qualified man- He is a member of the Presbyterian church and has, by his diligence, industry and capacity, become one of the most expert and best quali- fied druggists in the county. LEECHBURG. Historical and Descriptive. — Situated in a deep beud of the Kisiviminetas river, five miles above its conflueuce with the Allegheny and sixteen miles south of Kittanning, is Leech- burg, one of the progressive and manufacturing towns of the lovel}' Kiskiminetas Valley. Leechburg is twenty-eight miles from Pitts- burgh and is situated in one of the finest agri- cultural districts and richest mineral regions of Armstrong county. The site of the town is on the "John Vanderen tract," afterwards called " Friendship " and at a later date known as " White Plains." Leechburg was laid out about 1828 by David Leech, a native of Mercer county, who erected a saw-mill and grist-mill. The earliest settlers were INIichael Moorhead and Joseph Hunter. The growth of Leechburg commenced with the construction of the canal, was checked when the railway succeeded the canal and revived with the establishment of its present iron in- dustries. It was laid out in 1828, incorporated March 22, 1850, and has a population of over twenty-five hundred. On May 18, 1838, thesteamboaf'New Castle" arrived at Leechburg from Pittsburgh. The first school was taught by John Foulk prior to 1830, and in 1858 the Leechburg institute was established. The first resident physician was Dr. George W. Marchand and its leading pliy- sicians now are: Dr. J. A. Armstroncr and Dr. R. P. Hunter. The Leechburg cemetery was incorporated September 5, 1864. The first church was the Presbyterian, which was organ- ized April 24, 1844. The Hebron Lutheran church was formed November 21, 1844, and the Methodist in 1846, while the Baptist church was not organized until 1873. Natural gas was dis- covered in 1871, at twelve hundred and fifty feet, in a well on the Westmoreland side of the river and was first used in the rolling-mill in 1874. The present successful iron industries had their origin in 1872, when Rogers & Burch- field erected extensive iron and tin works and gave employment to one hundred and fifty hands. Their works, including the Siberian rolling-mill, subsequently became the prop- erty of Kirkpatrick & Beale. The West Penn steel works comprise an open hearth steel furnace at Allegheny and have their sheet- iron and finishing mill at Leechburg, where they employ nearly 150 men. Their mill ranks as one of the best of its class in the United States, and has largely added to the prosperity of the town. The Leechburg Foundry and Ma- chine company of Pittsburgh have an extensive plant, which has also added to the prosperity of the borough. Leechburg is lighted by natural gas and con- tains steel works, a sheet-iron mill, and foundry and machine shop, a bank, eight churches, two hotels, two flouring-mills and two newspapers. Its volume of business is constantly increasing and it is rapidly growing in size and population. 433 434 BIOGRAPHIES OF BIOGRAPHICAL. TOHN A. ARMSTRONG, A.M., M.D., of ^ Leechbiirg, has been the arbiter of his own good fortune iu life and his talent and labors have wrought out marked success for him in the field of his chosen profession. He was born in Allegheny township, Westmoreland county, Pennsylvania, August 18, 1838, and is a son of John and Sarah (Armstrong) Armstrong. His paternal grandparents, Robert and Ellen (McKee) Armstrong, were natives of Ireland and settled in Westmoreland county about 1828. They reared a family of eight children, four sons and fonr daughters. One of these sons, John Armstrong, was the father of Dr. Arm- strong and first beheld the light of day in Ire- land, in 1799. He married Sarah Armstrong, of Scotch descent, came to the United States in 1826 and two years later purchased a farm in Allegheny township, Westmoreland county, which he paid for with his earnings as a con- tractor for excavations on the old Pennsylvania canal. He was a man of fair education and a member of the Reformed Presbyterian church and gave his children the benefit of a better education than what he had obtained. He was bitterly opposed to human servitude and be- cause slavery was tolerated in the United States and sanctioned by both of the two great politi- cal parties of that day, he would never connect himself with either of them. He died iu 1872, aged seventy-six years and his widow passed away in 1877, when in the seventy-fifth year of her age. To their union were born ten children : Adam C, who was killed in Ken- tucky ; Ellen, wife of Hugh McElroy ; Robert, a Westmoreland county farmer; David, an artist by profession; Elizabeth, who married Hiram Steele ; Dr. John A., Sarah A., wife of James D. Boal; Samuel, who resides on the old homestead; Mary J., widow of Milton Free; and Margaret, widow of William Sproull, of Parnassus. John A. Armstrong attended the public schools of his native township, pursued his academic studies at Ijcechburg and in Pitts- burgh and entered Jefferson college, from which institution he was graduated in June, 1862. Leaving college, he commenced the study of medicine, but in 1863 became a member of Co. K. of a regiment of Pa. Militia. On August 29, 1864, he enlisted in Co. I, 205th regiment. Pa. Vols., and served until the close of the war, being honorably discharged on June 13, 1865, at Vienna, Va. Returning home, he resumed his medical studies, and in September, 1865, entered Jefferson Medical college of Philadelphia, Pa., from which he was graduated in 1867. In May of that year he opened an office in Leech- burg, where he soon built up the extensive and lucrative practice which he now enjoys. On April 1, 1868, he united in marriage with Amanda C. McKallip, daughter of Henry McKallip, of Ijeechburg. Dr. and Mrs. Arm- strong have four children : Mary Blanche, wife of Harry Beale; Anna Orr, Grace Irwin and Nellie Caldwell. Dr. John A. Armstrong is a member of the Reformed Presbyterian church and is a republi- can in politics. He has a fine literary educa- tion, received, recently, the degree of A.M., from his Alma Mater and has served his bor- ough for the last twelve years as school director with good purpose and to the benefit of the schools. After graduating from Jefferson Medi- cal college he took the i'ull course of one of Philadelphia's leading hosjjitals, from which he was also graduated. He is an esteemed citizen of his borough and a successful physician whose skill has jjlaced him among the foremost physi- cians in his section of the county. ARMSTRONG COUNTY. 435 JAMES J. ARTMAN, a well-known citizen of Leechburg, a wounded veteran of the grand old Pennsylvania Reserves, and a prom- inent member of the Grand Array of the Re- public, was born in Allegheny township, West- moreland county, Pennsylvania, February 12, 1841, and is a son of Michael and Catherine (Kepple) Artman. The Artmans are of Ger- man descent. His paternal grandfather, John Artman, was a native of Westmoreland county, a farmer by occupation and an active member of the Evangelical Lutheran churcii. Indus- trious and frugal, he reared a respectable family of ten children. One of his sons was Michael Artman (father), who was born on the Alle- gheny township farm of his father, in 1806, and died in 1888. He was an active and suc- cessful farmer, a worthy member of the Lu- theran church and a conservative democrat in politics. Although non-active in political af- fairs, yet he was elected by his fellow-citizens to all of his township's various offices. He was a very large man, of plain, unassuming manners and industrious habits. He married Catharine Kepple, daughter of John Kepple, of his own neighborhood, by whom he had nine children, of whom but one is dead. James J. Artman was reared on the farm and attended the common schools until the commencement of the late civil war. On June 3, 1861, he enlisted in Co. G, 11th regiment, Pennsylvania Reserves, and served in the army of the Potomac for three years, during which time he participated in innumerable skirmishes and many hard battles. At Fredericksburg he was shot through the thigh, taken prisoner and held for some time by the Confederates. After being exchanged he returned to his com- pany, and in one of the peninsular fights was again taken prisoner, but was fortunate enough to be paroled in a few days after his second capture. He was honorably discharged from the United States service on June 5, 1864, at Pittsburgh. After the close of the war he engaged in carpentering, which he has followed until the present time. In 1884 he came to Leechburg, where he has resided ever since, and is now engaged in millwrighting. In 1890 he attended the Grand Army of the Republic encampment at Boston, as a delegate from his post. On September 17, 1866, he married Jacobina Fowler, daughter of Austin Fowler, of Alle- gheny county, a relative of Gen. Fowler. To their union have been born four children : Christina H., Katharine, who died at five years of age, Laura I. and Austin J., who is attend- ing school. James J. Artman is an active republican in politics and has served as an elder and trustee in the Presbyterian church, of which he is a useful member. He is a member of Lodge No. 241, A. O. U. W., and Post No. 123, Grand Army of the Republic. JOHN S. BOLE, a substantial citizen of ^ Leechburg, is a .son of David and Eliza- beth (ShaefFer) Bole, and was born in South Buffalo township, Armstrong county, Pennsyl- vania, September 6, 1822. His grandfather, James Bole, was born in Ireland in 1752, came to America early in life and settled in West- moreland county. Pa. He afterwards removed to South Buffalo township, this county, where, on the 12th of April, 1815, he bought a farm of two hundred and one acres, called " Plom- biers," belonging to the e.state of Claudius An- tonious Berter, a Frenchman, lying partly in Butler county, for seven hundred dollars, on which he erected a saw-mill. On November 26, 1818, he purchased the farm called " Union," containing one hundred and seven acres; on January 27, 1828, he purchased a large tract of land on which stood a saw and a grist-mill, for five thousand dollars. While he may not have been a wonderfully rich man, he evidently had means at his command. He was 436 BIOGRAPHIES OF an influential member of the Presbyterian church, and was one of the founders of Slate Lick Presbyterian church, iu 1802. He was a drummer in the United States army in the war of 1812, and married Mary Painter, by whom he had a large family. He died in 1834, in the eighty-third year of his age. His son, David Bole (father), was born near the bound- ary line of Westmoreland and Armstrong coun- ties, in 1798. He was a stone-cutter by trade, but followed farming, first in Butler county, some three miles from the village of Freeport, and afterwards, for the remainder of his life, in Allegheny township, this county, near Leech- burg. His death, which occurred in 1865, was the result of injuries received from being knocked off a railroad bridge in Johnstown, Cambria county. In politics he was what is known as a war-democrat; he attended the Presbyterian church and contributed liberally to its support. He was married to Elizabeth, daughter of John Shaeffer, by whom he had ten children, seven sons and three daughters. Six of these sons served in the late war. His widow is now in her ninety-third year. John S. Bole received his education in the subscription schools near Freeport, and after- wards learned the trade of stone-mason. In 1872 he came to Leechburg, where he has fol- lowed his trade ever siuce. He owns a large stone quarry near Leechburg, and a farm in (he vicinity of that place. He is an uncompro- mising republican and a member and formerly a trustee of the Presbyterian church. On June 30, 1846, he married Jane Carna- han, a daughter of Robert Carnahan, by whom he has had seven children : Nancy E., wife of John P. Klingensmith, who has four chil- dren — Leota L., Edna M., Homer J. and Earl C; Mary, who married B. F. Hill, and died in Johnstown, January 24th, 1889; Robert, David, Anna, who married E. K. Sober, and has three children — M'^illavene, Jean and Mary (married B. F. Hill, and has had five children — Harry W., John K., Frank L., and Myrtle and Ivy (twins), who were lost in the Johns- town flood); George, who married Alma Louks ; and Lilian, wife of Frank Critsor. John S. Bole is possessed of great energy of character. Industrious, patient and persever- ing, he has succeeded in acquiring a compe- tency, and, what is to be prized more highly, the esteem of all who know him. DANIEL BOWERS. An old established and responsible furniture and undertaking house is the popular and highly patronized es- tablishment of Daniel Bowers. It is the oldest and only establishment of the kind at Leech- burg, and its proprietor, Daniel Bowers, stands high as a man of intelligence, integrity, eneigy and extended business experience. He is the eldest son of Samuel and Mary A. (Wan- amaker) Bowers, and was born on the Bowers farm, on the old canal, three miles below Leech- burg, in Armstrong county, Pennsylvania, on Christmas Day, 1846. Samuel Bowers (father) was born at Wilkinsburg, Allegheny county, August 10, 1815. At an early age he came to this county and settled on his present farm, below Leechburg. He quarried stone exten- sively for much of the masonry work along the old canal, and then for many years furnished the rock for many of the large banking buildings and business establishments of Pittsburgh. By prudence and industry he has acquired a com- petency. Originally a vvhig, and now a repub- lican, he takes an active interest in political af- fairs. He married Mary A. Wanamaker, who was a daughter of Henry Wanamaker, of near Leechburg, and died in April, 1890. They had three children : Daniel, Sylvester, who died at nine years of age, and Lucetta. Daniel Bowers was reared on the farm. He attended the common schools and entered Leech- burg academy, where he fitted for the sopho- more class in college. Leaving the academy, he ARMSTMONO COUNTY. 437 taught one term of school at Leechburg, another at Salem Cross Roads, in Westmoreland couuty, and then was principal of Brady's Bend public schools for twenty-one months. He relinquished ' teaching to become book-keeper of Brady's Bend iron-works, at that time one of the largest iron plants in the State. At the end of five years' faithful and well-appreciated service in charge of the books of the iron company, he resigned in order to serve as assistant door- | keeper of the House of Representatives of Pennsylvania, during the session of 1872. In 1873 he registered as a lasv student with Hon. E. S. Golden, of Kittanning, but during the same year, upon solicitation, he became cashier of the then newly organized Leechburg Banking company, and held that position for five years. At the end of that time he became partner in the general mercantile house of John Schwalm, and continued in partnership respec- tively with Mr. Schwalm's successive partners, R. B. Care & W. J. Steele, until September, 1885, when he retired from the mercantile busi- ness and purchased the interest of Fred. Grob- heiser, in the Leechburg furniture factory. In 1887 he purchased the interests of the remaining partners, and added to his business that of under- taking and embalming. In the disastrous fire of November, 1889, his house and store-room were burned, but upon their ruins he has just erected a fine dwelling. He now owns the only furni- ture and undertaking establishment at Leech- burg. He carries a large and splendid stock of furniture of different grades, and an unusually fine line of burial caskets and funeral goods. He understands thoroughly the latest and most approved methods of embalming as well as being an efficient funeral director. He was one of the prime movers in the organizatiou, and is now president of the Indiana, Armstrong, Westmoreland and Butler county Undertaking association. In polities Mr. Bowers is an active and aggressive republican, and has been for three years a member of the State central com- mittee of that party. He is a member of the I. O. O. F. and Royal Arcanum. Ever since he began life for himself his march has been steadily ouward in the line of business, until he has attained to important and prominent stand- ing among the leaders of commercial enterprise at Leechburg. On June 27, 1876, he married Lottie E. Foab, daughter of William Foab, of Pittsburgh, formerly a member of the firm of Foab, Ever- son & Co. They have iiad six children, of whom five are living : Everson, William Foab, Mollie, Hannah Foab and Judson. EZEKIEL BREDIN, a prominent citizen of Leechburg, and a descendant of a long- lived race, was born on the old Bredin home- stead, in coimty Londonderry, Ireland, Febru- ary 24, 1836, and is a son of Ezekiel and Margaret (Thomson) Bredin. The Bredin homestead is situated some three miles west of the city of Londonderry, aud has been in the possession of the Bredin family for several gen- erations. James Bredin (grandfather) was an Irish laud-holder and a member of the United Presbyterian church. He married a Miss Montgomery, and lived to be over ninety years of age. One of his sons, Ezekiel Bredin, Sr. (father), was born on this farm, and after his father's death, succeeded him as owner of the old homestead. He was a member of the United Presbyterian church, in politics belong- ing to the Liberal party, and, like his father, lived to be over ninety years of age. He mar- ried Margaret Thomson, a daughter of Henry Thomson, of county Donegal, Ireland. To their union were born eight children, four sons and four daughters, six of whom are living. Five of these children are still in Ireland, while Ezekiel, the youngest, is at Leechburg. Ezekiel Brediu received his education in a private school in Londonderry, and in 1853 entered a grocery store aud served an appren- 438 BIOGRAPHIES OF ticeship of six years. In 1869 he engaged in mercantile life for himself, but the next year disposed of his grocery store and emigrated from Ireland to the United States. Upon land- ing at New York, he came to Pittsburgh, where he was 'engaged for several years as a clerk in commercial houses, and then with a feed and grain firm on Penn avenue. On May 31, 1877, he removed to Leechburg and rented a store-room at the steel mill, where he engaged in business. In 1884 he erected his present building on the corner of Third street, in one part of which he put his grocery, while the other part he rented for a restaurant. In 1889 he sold out his business to his son and a Mr. Creery. He has been very successful in busi- ness, has invested largely in real estate, and is now among the largest property-holders of Leechburg. September 29, 1859, he married Georgiana Kirkpatrick, a daughter of John Kirkpatrick, of Londonderry. To their union have been born three children, only oneof whom is living: John C. Bredin, a merchant of Kittanning. In politics, Mr. Bredin is an active republi- can, and has served several terms as a member of the borough council. To his quick percep- tion, good judgment and great energy must be attributed his financial success, as he has made his way in life by his own unaided efforts. WILLIAM ROBERT DUFF, one of the old and highly respected citizens and suc- cessful business men of Leechburg, has aided largely in securing the material development of southern Armstrong county. He is one of that class of men, in every county, whose integrity, industry and usefulness give prosperity to business in all of its many branches. William R. Duff was born near the old Poke Run Presbyterian church, in Westmoreland county, Pennsylvania, January 26, 1815, and is a son of James and Jane (McGeary) Duff. His paternal grandfather, Robert Duff, was a native of county Armagh, Ireland, and became one of the early settlers of the northern part of West- moreland county. He was a farmer by occu- pation and afterwards removed to the southern part of Butler county, where he purchased a large farm on Bull creek and planted the first apple orchard in all that section of country. He was a member of the U. P. church and was married in Westmoreland county, to Ann Duff, a native of Scotland, and who bore him several children. One of his sons was James Duff (father), who was born near the old Poke Run church, October 14, 1789, and died in 1818. He was a hatter by trade, a member of the U. P. church and a democrat in politics, as was his father before him. Active in church work and successful and honorable in business, he was cut down by death when entering upon what promised to be a long and pi'osperous life- career. He married, on March 11, 1814, Jane McGeary, daughter of William McGeary, by whom he had two children : William R. and Ann, who was born in 1817, and is the wife of Hugh Robinson, of Kansas City. Two years after Mr. Duff's death his widow, who was born November 5, 1789, and died in 1867, mar- ried Nathaniel Miller, by whom she had eight children. Her father, William McGeary, served as a soldier in the war of 1812. William R. Duff was reared on a farm and attended the subscription schools of his day, which were taught in the old log school -houses on Bull creek. At seventeen years of age he left the farm and learned the trade of tailor, which he followed for nearly fifteen years in Pitts- burgh and at Tarentum, Pa. In 1858 he came to Leechburg, where he opened and conducted a merchant tailoring establishment for several yeai-s and then engaged in the general mercan- tile business on Canal street, which he continued until 1875. Since then he has been extensively engaged and largely interested in real estate and ARMSTRONG COUNTY. 439 especially in coal lands in southern Armstrong and northern Westmoreland counties. February 15, 1838, he married Elizabeth Miles, daughter of Thomas Miles, of Allegheny county. They had six children : Jane A., who married Samuel Sober, of Westmoreland county, and has ten children living, six sons and four daughters : Miles, a machinist, who served in the 12th Ohio and 123d Pa. Vol. regiments, and was discharged once on account of his wounds; Charles, who lived in Tennessee and was killed at Dalton, Georgia, where he was serving as a soldier in a Confederate regiment; John T., a prominent lawyer of Allegheny county, who filled one of the first appointments made in the Freedmeu's Bureau, in Tennessee, and who for several years has been prominent and active in State and National politics in the anti-prohibition party, of whose last campaign in Pennsylvania he had entire charge ; Willie, who died young ; and one who is deceased. Mrs. Duff died in 1850, and Mr. Duff married for his second wife, Lavina Dougherty, daughter of Jesse Dough- erty, by whom he has two children : Mary Belle, wife of John W. Frew ; and Frank C, a graduate of Utica Business College. William E.. Duff is a republican from princi- ple, but was a whig during the existence of that party. He has served as justice of the peace for over thirty years, serving in Allegheny county for five years and at Leechburg for twenty-six years. In addition to serving as jus- tice he has filled all the other offices of his borough and was a member of the school board when the present handsome public school building was erected. He is a deacon and trustee of the Leechburg Baptist church, of which he is one of the founders. He is a charter member of Lodge No. 577, Free and Accepted Ma- sons, at Leechburg. Although not enjoy- ing the best of health for several years, yet he has always kept up his busine.ss affairs in the best shape. Squire Duff is of Scotch-Irish descent. Although constantly engaged in the manage- 26 ment of his business interests, yet he is always active and progressive in church matters and never neglects the cause of temiierance, which has enlisted his warm support and earnest labors for over half a century. He never made any use of liquor, has always been upright iu his business dealings and is now in the vigor of well-preserved old age. THOMAS JEFFERSON ELWOOD, ex- county treasurer of Armstrong county an€r of the Loyal Legion, the Union Vet- eran Legion and the Grand Army of the Re- public. He has been throughout his life a thunty, where he died. He was an earnest presbyterian, and married Martha Whitesides, January 10,1788, by whom he had twelve children : Daniel, Thomas W., David and Samuel, and Margaret, Prudence, Mary, Martha, Violet, Elizabeth, Hannah and Rebec- ca. These have now all passed away. Thomas M. Elder was educated at Geneva col- lege, from which he was graduated in 1853. He afterwards took a four years theological course at the Reformed Presbyterian seminary, now of Allegheny city. He has been always greatly interested in mattei-s educational. He was the first teacher of the female seminary at North- wood, Ohio ; he founded and was principal of the Loyalhanna institute for two years; he was principal of Dayton Union academy from 1862 to 1866, and in the latter was largely instru- mental in establi.shing the Dayton Soldiers' Orphan school, of which he M'as principal until 1871. He was licensed to preach the Gospel in 1858, was ordained May 11, 1859, and set- tled as pastor of the congregation of Rehoboth. He also supplied many important vacancies and had several important calls, among them being one to Baltimore and two to Boston, which he did not accept. In 1863 he had charge of the mission schools of his church at Fernandina, Florida, where, in the absence of the regular chaplain, he did chaplain work for the 11th Maine Volunteers, and in 1864-65 he superintended church mis- sions in Washington City, D. C. On account of hereditary illness he has largely withdrawn from active church work for some years past, and now lives in comfortable retirement in the village of Dayton. On September 14, 1848, Mr. Elder was mar- ried to Tirzah Mason, daughter of Thomas Mason, of Hannastown, Pa., and the youngest of a family of seventeen children. To them were born two children, one of which died in infancy and McLeod M., a Pullman palace car conductor, new resides in Allegheny city and married to Hannah Kuox. Mrs. Elder died in the summer of 1851, and on October 10, 1854, Mr. Elder was again married, this time to Mary Parker, daughter of Mr. John Lindsay, of I'hiladelphia. This wife died September 12, 1868. To this second uniou were born three children : Tirzah T. M., wife of C. S. Marshall, a merchant of Dayton ; one which died in infancy, and Argyle W., now engaged as shipping clerk with a wholesale firm in Pittsburgh and married to Edith C, daughter of C. W. Ellenberger. Rev. T. M. Elder is a republican and was one of the early abolitionists. He has lived a busy, active life, and very many useful and im- portant enterprises attest his industry, energy and the value of his counsel. He is a man of fine presence and impressive manners, six feet two inches in height, two hun- dred and twenty-five pounds in weight, and, al- though gray, has still the years and ability, to add other work to a very successful life. He owns a part of his father's landed estate, and two farms in Armstrong county, besides several houses and lots at Dayton. He is a partner of the mercantile firm of C. S. Marshall & Co., is president of Dayton S. O. School association, also of two oil and gas companies, and has been interested and active in every business enterprise of any importance which has existed at Dayton, where he has resided for the last thirty years. SAMUEL J. ERVIN, of Irish extraction, and a well-known and popular furniture dealer, undertaker and embalmer of Parker City, was born in Butler county, Pennsylvania, ARMSTRONG COUNTY. 489 October 12, 1835, and is a sou of Samuel and Eliza (Boan) Ervin. Samuel Ervin (grand- father) was a native of Westmoreland county, and came to Butler county in 1804. He pat- ented over five hundred acres of land in Butler county, near what is now Martinsburg. He was physically a strong man, and lived to the ad- vancefl age of seventy-seven years. Samuel Ervin (father) was boru in Butler county in 1795, and was a farmer of that county all his life. He was a member of the United Presby- terian church, an old-line whig and afterwards a republican. He died in his native county in the spring of 1861, when sixty-six years of age. He married Eliza Boan, who was born on the ship on which her parents were coming from Ireland to the United States, and by whom he had several children. Mrs. Eliza Ervin was a consistent member of the United Presbyterian church, and died in 1842, at forty years of age. Samuel J. Ervin was reared on his father's farm until fourteen years of age, and received his educational training in the public schools. In 1849 he went to Callensburg, Clarion county, this State, where he served an apprenticeship of three years in learning the cabinet-maker's trade, and went from there to Fairview, Butler county, where he worked as a journeyman for five years. He afterwards purchased the furni- ture and cabinet-making establishment of his employer, William M. Thorn, and remained there until 1862. In that year, during the oil excitement at Oil City, he removed to that place, where he was engaged in the furniture and undertaking business until March, 1871, then came to Parker City and opened a furniture and undertaking establishment, which he has been successfully conducting ever since. He carries a stock worth $10,000, and does a good and paying business. He has a large stock of furniture and also carries a full and complete line of undertaker's supplies. He is perfectly acquainted with the wants of his section of the county, as well as being experienced in every detail of his business. In 1857 Mr. Ervin married Mary J. Thomp- son, daughter of John Thompson, of near But- ler, this State. Four children have been born to them, one son and three daughters: Cordelia B., married to K. M. Turk, who died in the spring of 1887 ; Elmer E., married to Carrie Russell, daughter of Capt. Russell, a veteran steamboat pilot of the Allegheny river ; Kate R., wife of W. W. Miller, ticket agent for the P. & W. R. R. at Parker City, and Clara C, married to William Orr, of Parker City. S. J. Ervin is a republican in political mat- ters, and a member of the M. E. cluireh. He has been class leader for many years, has held nearly all the ofliees of his church and takes an active part in church work. He has been a member of the town council for a number of years, and has served as mayor of his borough. He carries a large and well-assorted stock of first-class goods, and pays special attention to undertaking and embalming. His furniture is of the latest style, embracing all kinds and qualities of everything needed in his line of work, and he is conducting his large business with ever-increasing success. He is interested and assists in everything that will be of ben- efit to the town. HENRY REESE FULLERTON. During a long, useful and honorable life, Henry Reese Fullerton took part in so many matters of importance to Parker City that a mention in the record of his life of his more import- ant business enterprises will embrace the ma- terial history of Parker City from 1872 to 1886. He was born in Clearfield county, Pennsylvania, June 27, 1827, and was a son of James and Susan (Reese) Fullerton. When he was quite small his parents removed to Jefferson county, where he was reared to man- hood and received his education in the com- 490 BIOGRAPHIES OF moD schools. He learned the trade of brick- maker, which he soon abandoned to enter the lumber business, as affording him a wider field for the employment of his active mind and tireless energy. He frequently increased his operations in the lumber business until he was one of the largest lumber dealers in the county. In 1865 he lost a limb, and five years later disposed of his lumber interests. He then came to Parker and embarked in the oil business, but the control and management of that important undertaking did not absorb his entire attention or require all of his time, and he engaged in several other important enterprises. He leased the ferry, which he operated until 1872. He was one of the projectors and stockholders of the company which built the Parker City bridge. He was instrumental in securing the erection of the Parker City glass-works, in 1880, was one of the organizers and stockholders in the Parker Exchange bank, of which he was vice-president, and was one of the projectors and stock- holders of the Parker & Karns City and Karns City & Butler railways, wliich were built in 1873, and became important factors in the development of the Butler oil field. In 1874 he purchased the water- works, of which Parker City is very proud to-day, en- larged their capacity and laid several miles of additional pipe. He was also one of the owners of the planing-njill and box-factory. In every leading business enterpri.se of Parker City Mr. Fullerton was not only interested, but was active, prominent and useful. He took a great pride in the growth and progress of his town, and his aim was to contribute in every way possible to its development and prosperity. A man of great business ability, he was also a man of unusual energy and great method ; and was thus enabled, at the same time, to actively manage and successfully control several different business enterprises. He was a republican in politics, and, in addition to his many business interests, served one term as mayor and several terms as justice of the peace. He was a mem- ber of the M. E. church and the Masonic fra- ternity, and was a consi.stent temperance man, who never drank as much as a glass of beer or used tobacco in any form. His life closed when he was still actively engaged in business. He pas.sed away at his home in Parker City, June 5, 1886, when in the sixty -second year of his age, and his remains were interred in Parker City cemetery. H. R. Fullerton had been for many years one of the most prominent and ac- tive citizens of his borough. He was highly esteemed and respected in private life, and his death left a wide blank in the business and so- cial circles of his town. He was a kind hus- Ijand, an affectionate father and a good friend to the poor. In 1848 he was married to Harriet Pearsall, of Brookville, Jefferson county, this State. Mrs. Fullerton is a daughter of Arad Pearsall, and resides in her well-appointed and elegant home at Parker City. Mr. and Mrs. Fullerton had three children : Dean W., in the banking business; Lily, who is married to G. W. Butt, and resides at Warren, Pa. ; and Elliot Y., a very promising young man, who died Septem- ber 7, 1885, when in the twenty-sixth year of his age. JOHN ALLISON HENRY, M.D., of Day- *J ton, is a physician who has specially fitted himself for his profession and who has enjoyed a continuous and successful practice of thirteen years in Jefferson, Clarion and Armstrong counties. He is a .son of Robert T. and Hester (Allison) Henry, and was born in Monroe township, Clarion county, Pennsylvania, Janu- ary 29, 1848. The Henrys are of English descent and one of them, William Henry (grandfather), of England, came to Westmore- land county, Penu.sylvania, from whence he re- moved in 1802 to Monroe townshij^. Clarion ARMSTRONG COUNTY. 491 county, where he took up seven hundred acres of land. He served as a soldier in a Pennsyl- vania regiment in the Mexican war. He was a democrat and married Nancy Gibson, a sister of James Gibson, of Indiana county. To their union were born seven children, two sons and five daughters. One of these sous, Robert T. Henry (father), was born on the homestead farm, in Monroe township, in 1818, where he engaged in farming and stock-raising until his death, in 1881, when he was in the sixty-fourth year of his age. He was an extensive farmer, raised fine horses and sheep and was the first man to introduce blooded stock into his section of that county. He was a prominent democrat, and filled the offices of school director and tax collector for ten years and was held in such high esteem by his neighbors that many of them who served as soldiers in the late war, placed their families under his care while they were in the Union army. He married Hester Allison, a daughter of John Allison, of Indi- ana county, who was of Scotch-Irish descent. John Allison was a whig and afterwards a re- publican in politics. He was a member of the Presbyterian church and married a Miss Henry, by whom he had seven children, two sons and five daughters. Dr. John A. Henry was reared on his father's farm and received his education in the common schools and Reid Institute. Leaving school, he read medicine with Dr, T. C. Lawson, of Greensville, from 1872 to 1876, when he entered the University of Iowa at Iowa City. In 1876 he was matriculated in the College of Physicians and Surgeons, at Keokuk, Iowa, from which medical institution he was gradu- ated June 14, 1877. He then returned to his native State and during the next two years practiced medicine at Ringgold, in Jefferson county. At the end of that time he returned to Clarion county, where he practiced until 1881, when he went to Bellevue college. New York City, where he took a post-graduate course in meSr. O. U. A. M., of Dayton, and at one time was connected with the I. O. O. F. Mr. Milliron has a well-arranged carriage manufactory, en- joys a large trade and is a skilled mechanic in his line of business. EPHRAIM MORROW, postmaster of Day- ton, and one of four brothers who served in the Union armies, ranked high as a station ! commander in the U. S. sig-nal service. He is O I a son of Andrew and Mary (Coclirane) Mor- ' row, and was born in South Mahoning township, I Indiana county, Pennsylvania, Dec. 3, 1839. The Morrow family is of Irish descent, and one of its members, John Morrow (grandfather), was I born in county Down, Ireland, from whence he emigrated to the United States in 1808, and settled in Cowanshannock township, Armstrong county, where he was engaged in agricultural pursuits until his death, which occurred in 1845, when lie was in the eightieth year of his age. He was a member of the United Presby- ■ terian church, and an old line whig. One of his sons, Andrew Morrow (fatiier), was born in Ireland about 1804, and came to Armstrong county wit!) his father, but in 1836 he removed to South Mahoning township, where he en- gaged in farming. He died in 1884, when he had attained the age of eighty years. He was an elder of the United Presbyterian church for about fifty years, aud supported the Republican party. He held various township offices. He married Mary Cochrane, daughter of William Cochrane, of Armstrong county, and_^ to their union were born eight children, five sons and three daughters, of whom four are still living. Of the sons, John enlisted in 1863 in Co. G, 102(1 regt., Pa. Vols., and died in York,l Pa., in 1864 ; William, who enlisted in Co. A, 2d Battalion, Pa. Vols., and served six months; and Dr. James J., entered the service of the United States in the fall of 1862, as ca^itain of Co. G, 103d reg. Pa. Vols., served three years in the Army of the Potomac, was captured at Plymouth, N. C., by the Confederates, and held a prisoner of war for eleven raontlis, during which time he escaped three times. Twice he was recaptured and taken back to Charlotte- ville, N. C, but the third time he succeeded in reaching Sherman's army. After he was mus- tered out of service, Dr. Morrow practiced medicine in Philadelphia, and in Crawford and Mercer counties. He died in Lawrence town- ship, Mercer county. Mrs. Morrow's fatlier, William Cochrane (maternal grandfather), was a native of Ireland, and settled in Armstrong county, where he was engaged in agricultural pursuits until his death, in 1850. He was a democrat in politics, and a member of the Presbyterian church. Ephraim Morrow was reared on his father's farm, and after attending the subscription .schools of his native township, he took an academic course, and taught two terms of school, after which he learned the trade of carpenter. On May 15, 1861, he enlisted in Co. K, 13th Penna. Reserves, and was transferred to the U. S. signal corps, in which he served one and one-half years, and then was in General Banks' Red river expedition in Louisiana. He was afterwards sent back to the U. S. signal corps, and placed in charge of a signal station on the coast of North Carolina, where he remained until he was mustered out of service, May 18, 1864. Returning to Pennsylvania, he went ahmstrong county. 499 into the oil region, where he followed carpenter- ing. In 1874 he came to Dayton, which he has since made his home. On October 16, 1880, he was appointed by President Harrison as postmaster of Dayton, whicii office lie still holds, and whose duties he carefully discharges. On February 15, 1872, he married Nancy C. McKay, daughter of D. W. McKay, a sol- dier of the Union army, wiio was captured at Gettysburg and died in prison. To Mr. and Mrs. Morrow have been born two children, a son and a daughter : Mary J. and James E., now a printer at Kittanning. Ephraim Morrow is a stanch repulilican, and in 1880 was appointed census-taker of the borough of Dayton and Wayne township. He is a member of J. Ed. Turk Tost, No. 321, G. A. R., Union Veteran Legion, and Dayton Lodge, No. 400, Jr. O. U. A. M., of Dayton. Reliable as a citizen, faitiiful as a soldier and efficient as a public official, Mr. Morrow has many warm friends. FRANKLIN OTTINGER. In these days, when so many accidents are occurring through ignorance and carelessness in the prep- aration of drugs and medicines, it is a matter of the greatest importance to the public to know where they can tind reliable drug houses and competent pharmacists. One of the best quali- fied and most careful and attentive druggists of western Pennsylvania is Franklin Ottinger, of Parker City. He is a son of George and Eliza- beth (Haines) Ottinger, and was born in Bur- lington county, N. J., July 2, 1848. As the name indicates, the Ottingers are of German origin, and the American branch of the family is traced back in its residence in Pennsylvania to Chestnut Hill, Philadelphia, where Franklin Ottingcr's paternal grandfather, Alexander Ottinger, was burn, reared, lived and died. lie was a farmer, and of his sous who grew to manhood, one was George Ottinger (father), who was born in 1812, and died in 1875, aged si.xty-three years. When a young man he removed to Mt. Holly, the county-seat of Bur- lington county, N. J., where he became the proprietor and editor of the Mt. Holly Herald, a democratic paper of considerable force and extended circulation. The events of the last war changed Mr. Ottingcr's political opinions, and he affiliated with the Reijublican party from 1861 to his'death, which occurred in 1875. He was a prominent and useful member of the Baptist church, and married Elizabeth Haines, of Burlington county, N. J., who was reared in the Quaker faith, which she held until in the latter years of her life, when she united with the Baptist church. She was born in 1817, and passed away in 1882. Franklin Ottinger was reared at Mt. Holly and in the city of Philadelphia. After obtain- ing a good English education he attended the Philadelphia College of Pharmacy, from which institution he was graduated in 1868. Two years later he located in Pittsburgh, where he was engaged in the drug business until 1878, when he came to Parker City and established his present drug house. He keeps a full assort- ment of fresh and pure drugs, chemicals and pharmaceutical preparations, all of whicli are up to the standard demanded by the United States Pharmacopreia, besides toilet and fancy articles and proprietary remedies of established reputation. His drug house is complete in all its arrangements, and careful attention is given to the wants of a large and constantly increasing patronage. In 1878 he married Ella S. Bair, daughter of W^illiam Bair, of Sharon, Pa. Their union has been blest with two children : George B. and Sue H. Franklin Ottinger is a member of Parker Lodge, No. 761, I. O. O. F., Parker Council, No. 179, Royal Arcanum, and the Order of Solon. He is a republican in politics, has held various borough offices, and frequently, al- 500 BIOGRAPHIES OF though not a politician, serves as a delegate to State and county conventions of his party. Mr. Ottinger lias been engaged for several years as an oil producer. He is a pharmacist of skill, has a wide range of practical experience, and conducts his establishment upon the principles of integrity and correct business. FULLERTON PARKER, whose name will long live in the recollections of the citizens of Parker City as a brave and kind-hearte in 1865, rendered necessary his return iiorae, where in a short time he bought a portable saw- mill, which he operated for three years in Butler county. In July, 1869, he came to Parker City, where he was engaged successfully in the oil business for some ten or twelve years. In 1870 he established his present livery business, in which he has continued up to the picsent time. He has a selected assortment of fine buggies and a large stock of excellent saddle and harness horses and gives careful attention to the wants of his numerous patrons. December 20, 1871, he united in marriage with Mary Seaton, daughter of Hiram Seaton, of Bntler county, who was a soldier in the late war and fell in defence of the liberties of his country. They have two sons and three daughters: John M., Mary, Edna, Alma and Louis S. In addition to his livery stables, Mr. Ran- dolph owns considerable real estate in Parker City. He is an unswerving republican, but liberal in his political views and served his city as mayor for two terms (1880 to 1884) and as a councilman for several terms. He was tlie first city clerk of Parker City, which he has also served as overseer of the poor. He is a member of Parker City Lodge, No. 521, Free and Ac- cepted Masons, and has been a Free Mason for over twenty-five years. Erasmus H. Randolph is one of the reliable business men of his city. whose interests have always commanded his ac- tive support. ALEXANDER RUSSELL, owner and pro- prietor of the Russell Iron and Engine works, of Parker City, sustains a high reputa- tion as a skilled machinist and a reliable busi- ness man. He is a son of Robert and Elizabeth (Gillchrist) Russell, and was born in the city of Glasgow, Scotland, June 9, 1852. Robert Russell was a native of Scotland, where he learned the trade of block-cutter or cutting stamping prints for calicoes. He worked at his trade until 1855, when he came to the United States and four years later located in Pittsburgh, where he followed millwrighting until the com- mencement of the "Great Rebellion." He then enlisted in the Union service and served as an engineer in the Mississippi Valley until the Confederacy went down at Appomattox Court- house. After the close of the war he returned to Pittsburgh, where he has been engaged in engineering ever since. He is a machinist as well as an engineer, and has built many engines. He resides in Allegheny city and is a member of the Presbyterian church, and a republican in politics. He married Elizabeth Gillchrist, who was born in the Highlands of Scotland and is a member of the Presbyterian church. Alexander Russell was reared principally in Pittsburgh, where he attended the public schools. At seventeen years of age he commenced to learn the trade of machinist, and served an ap- prenticeship of three years. In 1877 he came to Parker City, where he formed a partnership with O. S. Tinsman, under the firm-name of Tinsman & Russell. This partnership con- tinued until 1885, when Mr. Russell established his present iron and engine works on River avenue. His works are extensive and completely equipped with all late machinery and appliances. Mr. Russell manufactures shafting, pulleys, mill working machinery, engines and fittings. He ARMSTRONG COUNTY. 505 builds engines from ten to one hundred horse- power, and makes a specialty of oil engine repair- ing. His office and works are in a large brick building. He is a practical and expert machinist of twelve years' successful experience, and is a thorough master of his art in all of its branches. Work is done in his establishment in the most expeditious and excellent manner, and all orders, whether large or small, are promptly and reli- ably executed. In politics Mr. Russell is a re- publican from principle and supports the men and measures of liis party. He is a good citizen and a reliable man and has served his borough for one term as a member of the town council. Alexander Russell was married in 1879 to Margaret Lambing, daughter of Jacob Lambing, of Parker City. To their union have been born si.x children, four sons and two dauffhters : Elizabeth S., Alexander C, John J., Robert W., Neal and Margaret L. DR. JOSEPH W. SHARP, a grandson of the old Revolutionary hero and frontier Indian fighter, Capt. Andrew Sharp, and a suc- cessful physician of Dayton, is a son of Joseph and Sarah (Ram.sey) Sharp, and was born in Armstrong township, Indiana county, Pennsyl- vania, December 28, 1834. His paternal grand- father was Capt. Andrew Sharp, one of the pioneer settlers of the Plum Creek region. He was a native of Scotland, served as an officer under Washington and died at Pittsburgh, July 8, 1794, of bullet wounds received in his boat on the Kiskimiuetas in a fight with Indians (see Plum Creek township). Joseph Sharp, son of the Revolutionary veteran and pioneer settler, Capt. Andrew Sharp, was born on Crooked creek, this county, in 1785, and died in 1860. He owned a good farm and the first flouring- mill at Sharp's Mills. He was a miller by trade, a United Presbyterian in religious belief, and an old-time democrat in politics. He was justice 30 of the peace for several years before his death in 1860, when his son Thomas was elected as his successor and has served in that office ever since. He married Sarah Ramsey, daughter of Hugh Ramsey, who was a native of Scotland and a member of the Dis.senters' or Covenanters' church. To Josepli and Sarah Sharp were born seven children, four sons and three daughters : Andrew, Dr. Joseph W., John, of Johnstown, Pa.; Mary A., who married Morrison Hosack, of Clarion county, and is dead ; Alexander, who en- tered Hampden's battery and served through the late war, after which he went to Ft. Smith.Arkan- sas, where he died ; Sarah A., wife of J. T. Hosack, of Jackson county, Kansas;^ and Sarah T., a teacher of Benezettc, Pa. Joseph W. Sharp was reared on the home farm and i-eceived a good English education in the schools of his neighborhood. Leaving school, he commenced the study of medicine, entered the Medical college of Cinciunati, where he pursued his studies for one year, and then located at Perryville, Ohio, where he practiced for four years. In 1868 he came to Dayton, where he has been engaged in continuous and successful practice ever since. He married Mary A., daughter of Alex- ander Walker. To Doctor and Mrs. Sharp have been born three children, one son and two daughters : Dr. Otis S., who gradu- ated in 1884 from the Cincinnati Medical col- lege, married Emma Gilhausen and has been engaged in the active practice of his profession at Dayton for the past six years ; Margaret K., wife of M. C. Hagan, an oil-driller; and Etta M., wife of Edgar S. Hilliard, a locomotive engineer of Ft. Worth, Kansas. Dr. J. Sharp, while supporting most of the principles of the Republican party, yet is rather independent in his views of political measures, and votes for the candidate whom he thinks best qualified for the office. Without solicita- tion, and often against, his protest, he has i)eeu elected to various borough offices, which, in obedi- 506 BIOGRAPHIES OF ence to the wish of his fellow-townsmen, he always accepted and filled very creditably. JOHN T. SMITH, who is successfully en- ^ gaged in the merchant tailoring business at Dayton, was born in Centre county, Penn- sylvania, October 2, 1824, and is a son of Capt. Henry and Catherine (Beal) Smith. His pater- nal grandfather, Henry Smith, Sr., was a native of Germany, where he married. He came to eastern Pennsylvania and subsequently removed to Centre county, where he followed farming. He was a methodist in religious faith, and after arriving in the United States became a demo- crat in political opinion. His son, Capt. Henry Smith, the father of John T. Smith, was born near the city of Philadelphia, and went with his father to Centre county, where he was engaged in farming until his death. He was a lutheran in religious faith, a denaocrat in politics and a scrupulously honest man in business. He served for several years as captain of one of the militia conjpanies of the State. He married Catherine Beal, whose father Wiis a native of England, who had settled in eastern Pennsylvania some time after the close of the Revolutionary war. Captain and Mrs. Smith reared a family of seven children, four sons and three daugh- ters. John T. Smith was reared on a farm and received his education in the subscription and common schools of Centre county. He learned the trade of tailor and establishetl himself in the tailoring business at Spring Mills, that county, where he remained for two years. At the end of that time he removed to Smicksburg, Indiana county, which he left after a residence of fifteen years and came (1866) to Dayton, where he opened his present merchant tailoring establishment. He has a large patronage and does a good business. He married Mary Walker, daughter of Wil- liam Walker, and they have three children, two sons and one daughter : William H., who re- sides in Pittsburgh ; Webster L., engaged in a store in Kansas City, and Eva S., wife of James R. King, who resides at Kittanning, and is pres- ident of the Young Men's Christian association of that place. John T. Smith owns a good house and lot at Dayton, and is comfortably situated to enjoy life. He is a good workman, has the benefit of over forty years' experience in his line of business and generally gives satisfaction to his numerous patrons. He is a republican in poli- tics and a member of the Evangelical Lutheran church of Dayton. He has served creditably as a member of the borough council, although he takes no part in politics. OLIVER TINSMAN, proprietor of the Tinsman machine shops of Parker City, and a thorough-going and active business man, is a veteran of the late war, during which he served as a soldier from Pennsylvania and af- terwards from New Jersey. He was born at Rigglesville, New Jersey, January 10, 1843, and is a son of William and Abigail (Fosben- ner) Tinsman. The American branch of the old and substantial Tinsman family of Holland, that traces its ancestry back into the early his- tory of that country, was founded by a Tinsman, who came from Amsterdam and settled in New Jersey some time before the Revolutionary war. One of his sons was Peter Tinsman, the grand- father of Oliver Tiusman,Jand who was engaged in farming and lumbering in New Jersey until his death. He married and reared a family, and one of his sons was William Tinsman (father), who was a life-long resident of New Jersey. Like his father before him, he turned his entire attention to farming and lumbering. He was a democrat in political opinion and a lutheran in church membership and died in 1878. He marrietl Abigail Fosbenner, who was a daughter of a Mr. Fosbenner, of Bucks ARif STRONG COUNTY. 507 county, Pa. She was a member of the Lutheran church and died at her home in New Jersey, in j 1879. Oliver Tinsman was reared on his father's farm and attende, and after attending the common schools of that township (not being able to work on the farm) engaged in teaching, \vhich he followed for seventeen years. From 1865 to 1872 he was employed as a clerk with different mercantile firms in the states of Pennsylvania and New Jersey, and in the latter- named year he came to Adrian, where he opened his present general mercantile establishment. Mr. Fair has made it an object to study the wants of his customers, and with good taste al- ways selects a large stock of goods that never fail to please his many patrons in and around Adrian. In addition to his mercantile business he has an interest in a large farm near Adrian. September 5, 1881, he married Emma D. Quigley, daughter of R. O. Quigley, of East Franklin township. To their union have been born three children : James F., Lawrence H. aud Carrie B. For the past eight years Mrs. ARMSTRONG COUNTY. 515 Fair has been postmistress at Adrian, where the post-office is located in her husband's store. John Fair is a prominent republican, and in May, 1880, was elected justice of the peace of East Franklin township. He served his term in such a desirable manner to the public that he was re-elected in 1886. He is a member of the Evangelical Lutheran church, of which he is a trustee. pHAMBERS FRICK, one of the leading ^ business men and public-spirited citizens of Adrian and of East Franklin township, is a blacksmith by trade, as was his father, grand- father and trreat-trrandfather before him. He is a son of Abraham and Delilah (Bowser) Frick, and was born at Adrian, in East Franklin township, Armstrong county, Pennsylvania, November 26, 1852. His great-grandfather, F'rick, was of German descent, and came about 1840 from Westmoreland into Armstrong county, where he purchased a large tract of land. He was a blacksmitii by trade and his son, Michael Frick (grandfather), learned black- smithing with him. Michael Frick followed farming in connection with his trade in this and Butler county, to which he removed in 1854. He was a republican and died in 1863. He was a class leader in the M. E. church, and while in one section where there was no chiu'ch he gave his house for religious services, in which he gen erally led. His sou, Abraham Frick (father), was a blacksmith by trade and a very fine work- man. He was a resident of this county from 1839 until his death, in 1862, when he was in the thirty-third year of his age. He and his wife were members of the Baptist church, and in politics he affiliated with the Republican party, but was not an ultra partisan. He fol- lowed his trade at Adrian during the last eight or ten years of his life. He married Delilah Bowser, daughter of Abraham Bowser, and who died March 15, 1873, aged forty-one years. Chambers Frick was reared at Adrian, and received his education in the common schools. He learned the trade of blacksmith, and after- wards became mining boss at Monticello fur- nace, which position he held for three years. In 1878 he opened a blacksmith .shop at Adrian, which he operated until 1881, when he removed to Templeton, where he was engaged in the manufacture of carriages for three years. He then became a clerk in the hardware and agri- cultural implement house of James McCul- lough, Jr., of Kittanning, and also acted as a traveling .salesman during a ])ortion of the two years he remained with Mr. McCullough. In 1887 he returned to Adrian and engaged in his present general mercantile business. In con- nection with merchandising he operates a large blacksmith shop, in which special attention is given to general repairing. He has a neat and tasteful store which is well stocked with first- cla.ss dry- goods, groceries and notions, and has the public approval of his business in tiie large patronage which he enjoys. Mr. Frick was only ten years of age at his father's death, and from that time on had to do for himself. He has made his own way in the world and the success which he has won and the competency which he has acquired are the results of his own unaided efforts. In 1870 Mr. Frick married Nancy Flinncr, daughter of David Flinner, of this county. They have seven children : Mary, Ada, Rose, Lottie, Lillie, James McCullough and Frances. Chambers Frick is a republican, and a mem- ber of the Jr. O. U. A. ]\I. and Montgomery- ville Baptist church. WILLIAM A. GRAHAM, a descendant of an old and substantial family, and one of the young and energetic fai-mers of Kittanning township, is a son of William and Catherine (Blaney) Graham, and was born in Kittanning township, Armstrong county, Pennsylvania, 516 BIOORAPHIES OF July 25, 1864. The Graham family settled in Kittanning township at an early day. They were of that sturdy and honest class of j^eople who predominated so largely in the early settle- ment of Armstrong county, in the commence- ment of the present century. James Graham (grandfather) c;inie to the United States and settled in this county, where he resided until his death. His son, William Graham (father), has always followed farming and stock-raising in this township. He is a member of the Pres- byterian church, and is a man who gives most of his time to his farm and its improvement. A democrat in politics, he always gives his jiarty a hearty support, and has been chosen, at different times, to fill township offices. He married Catherine Blaney, who died some years after their marriage. William A. Graham was reared on his father's farm in Kittanning township, and received his education in the public schools. Leaving school, he engaged in farming, which he has pursued continuously and successfully ever since. He owns a fine farm of seventy acres of land. He is conveniently located in regard to church, school and market. In politics he is a demo- crat, and has always cast his ballot for the nom-, inees of his party. In addition to farming he is also engaged in stock-raising. Mr. Graham is a successful farmer and a careful busiuess man. He is pleasant and agreeable in manner, and has many warm friends in the community in which he resides. In 1884 he united in marriage with Mary Ecker, daughter of Emanuel Ecker, of West- moreland county. This uuion has been blessed with three children : Zora B., Margaret J. and Marian N. JOHN P. GUTHRIE, a descendant of the early-settled Guthrie family of Westmore- land county, and one of the old and prosperous farmers of Manor township, is a son of John and Catherine (Buchanan) Guthrie, and was born February 15, 1820, in Westmoreland county, Pennsylvania, near North Washington. The Guthrie family is of Irish descent, and one of its members, Capt. John Guthrie (grand- father), emigrated from Ireland to Pennsyl- vania during the past century, and became one of the early settlers of Westmoreland county. He was elected captain of one of the companies organized among the white settlers for protec- tion against the Indians. After serving in one or more campaigns on the western frontier, he went to Kentucky with the intention of taking up a tract of government land, but died before he had secured his land. His son, John Guth- rie (father), was born in 1791, in Westmoreland county, where he learned the trade of blacksmith, which he followed until he removed to Arm- strong county, in 1847. He then bought a farm, upon which he resided until his death, which occurred in 1866, when he was in the seventy-sixth year of his age. He was a mem- ber of the Presbyterian church, and in his early life was an old-line whig. In 1856 he became a republican, and supported that party until his death. He married Catherine Buchanan, of Westmoreland county. Mrs. Guthrie was a consistent member of the Presbyterian church, and died in 1876, at the ripe old age of eighty- eight years. John P. Guthrie was brought to this county by his parents when he was seven years of age, and attended the subscription and jjublic schools. His first employment was coal-digging, which he followed for two years, and then was em- ployed for some time at the Owen salt-works, near Apollo. Upon attaining his majority he engaged in farming, which he has followed ever since. He owns his father's farm of one hun- dred and sixty acres, and devotes his time chiefly to farming and stock-raising. In 1846 Mr. Guthrie married Elizabeth Hancock, who was a daughter of John Han- cock, of Indiana county, and died in 1847. He ARMSTRONG COUNTY. 517 married, in 1864, Hannah Iseman, daughter of Michael Iseman, of Manor township. To this second union have been born four children, three sous and one daughter : John I., David H., Thomas W. and Sarah P. Politically, John P. Guthrie is a republican, and has been elected to various township offices, in which he has always served acceptably. He is a member of the Patrons of Husbandry, and believes that the principles of that organization, if carried out, would be iiighly beneficial to the agricultural interests of the county. SAMUEL HEILMAN. The late Samuel Heilraan was one of the well-known farm- ers of Kittanuing township, and was an honor- able and honest man of excellent character and reputable staudiug. He was a son of Daniel and Lydia (Youut) Heilman, and was born in Kittanuing township, Armstrong county, Pennsylvania, August 29, 1822. The Heilmans (name written Hileman and Hyleman in old documents and records) were among the pioneer families of Kittanuing township. (See sketch of James Heilman.) Tiiey were among the substantial class of early settlers, and their names appear on the assessment lists of 1807 as owners of mills, distilleries and large tracts of land. The Younts (name written Yundt in old records) were early settlers and large land-hold- ers in the township. Daniel Heilman, the father of the late Samuel Heilman, was of German descent, and came from his native county of Northampton in 1810 to Kittanuing township, where he followed farming until his death, in 1832, at fifty years of age. He married Lydia Yount, by whom he had eleven children. Samuel Heilman was reared in his native township, where he attended the schools of his neighborhood. When he commenced life for himself he engaged in farming, which he fol- lowed successfully as long as he lived. He owned a good farm, which he kept in good order and carefully cultivated. On January 7, 1847, he married Martha Ru- pert, who is a daughter of Peter Rupert, who was a native of York county and an exemplary member of the Lutheran church, and came with his parents, at five years of age, to tliis county, where he died in 1855, at the age of seventy- eight years. To Mr. and Mrs. Heilman were born two sons and six daughters : Thomas, who married Julia Bailey and resides in Allegheny city ; Emma, wife of J. J. Richard, of Gibbon, Neb. ; Lou, married to John Murphy, of Kit- tanning; Lydia, wife of William King; Mollie, wife of R. F. Everhart; Jennie, Maggie and Herman C. The second son, Herman C, who has the management of the home farm, was reared and received his education in his native township. He is a young man of good business ability, and resides with his mother. Samuel Heilman was a member of the Evan- gelical Lutheran church, in which he was serv- ing as an elder at the time of his death. He was a strong adherent to the principles of the Democratic party, and had served as tax-collector and as a member of the school board, of which he had been treasurer during a large part of his term of office. He was a man who made good and diligent use of his opportunities and lived an industrious and useful life. Respected as a citizen, and prudent and careful as a farmer, he enjoyed the good will of his neighbors and all who knew him. When in his sixty-sixth year he received the summons which must come to all sooner or later, and passed away on the 27th day of June, 1888. His remains rest in Heil- man cemetery, but his memory is lovingly cher- ished by his family and a wide circle of friends. JAMES HEILMAN, oneof Kittanuing town- ship's most substantial and progressive farmers and oldest and highly respected citizens, is a son of Jacob and Susanna (Waltenbaugh) 518 BIOGRAPHIES OF Heilman, and was born on the farm on which he now resides, in Kittauniug township, Arm- strong county, Pennsylvania, February 15, 1829. The Heilman and Waltenbaugh families figure conspicuously among the pioneer settlers and prominent land-owners of Kittanning township, and in the old legal records and assessment lists of the county. The Heilman name was written Hileman and Hyleman, and the Waltenbaugh name was spelled Waltenbough. Peter Heil- man, the grandfather of James Heilman, was born on shipboard, while his parents were cross- ing the Atlantic ocean from Germany to the United States. He was reared in Northampton county, where he learned the trade of weaver. He married and came to what is now Kittan- ning township in 1796. His son, Jacob Heil- man (father), was born in Northampton county April, 1791, and died in Kittanning township December 27, 1876, aged eighty-five years. He owned eight hundred acres of land and was a prominent distiller of his day, when Armstrong county whiskey had a reputation as far south as New Orleans for being good, and the "Heilman whiskey" was highly esteemed as one of the purest whiskies in the market. Jacob Heilman started in life with an ax and grubbing hoe, and acquired his wealth by honest labor and judicious management. He was a strict lutheran, and voted the democratic ticket until 1854, when he becamearepublican. Hewasagood businessman, served his township as school director and mar- ried Susanna Waltenbaugh, daughter of Adam Waltenbaugh, of Fayette county. She was a consistent member of the Evangelical Lutheran church, and passed away April 27, 1877, when in the eighty-fifth year of her age. They had four children, of whom but three are living. James Heilman was reared on the farm and attended the schools of his neighborhood, in which he obtained a good common business edu- cation. He has always been engaged in farm- ing, and owns the part of the old homestead farm of two hundred and twenty-five acres that was cleared and improved by his grandfather, Peter Heilman. For the last ten years Mr. Heilman has made a specialty of stock-raising and fruit-growing. In his extensive orchards he raises the finest variety of fruits to be found in Armstrong county. October 9, 1856, Mr. Heilman married Mag- dalene Reichert, daughter of G. A. Keichert, of this county. Mr. and Mrs. Heilman have seven children : James T., Ella L., Rose C, Grace R., Maggie G., Emma R. and Ethel ind. James Heilman is a republican politically, has served as school director, auditor and assessor of his township and ig now overseer of the poor. He is a member of the Evangelical Lutheran church, and is well-known in his com- munity for his strong sense of justice and his unshaken firmness in supporting whatever he conscientiously believes to be right. WILLIAM HOOD, one of the trustworthy citizens and substantial farmers of Val- ley township, is a son of Joliu and Nancy (Hood) Hood, and was born in Hanover town- ship, Washington county, Pennsylvania, Sep- tember 22, 1822. His paternal grandfather, John Hood, was a native of Ireland, where he learned the trade of miller, and united with the Presbyterian church. He and someof his friends came to Pennsylvania in 1794, ascended the Susquehanna river in canoes, and crossed to the head-waters of the Allegheny river, where they launched their canoes and descended that stream into what is now Warren county. John Hood followed farming and milling for twenty years at Sugar Grove and then removed from War- ren to Washington county, where he resided for a few years. He then came to Armstrong county, where he lived with the subject of this sketch until his death, which occurred April 11, 1857, at ninety years of age. He was a presbyterian, and one of his sons was John Hood (father), who was born in county Antrim, ARMSTRONG COUNTY. 519 Ireland, March 12, 1794, and was brought by his parents to Warren county, where he was reared to manhood. He then went to Wash- ington county, and after a residence of a few years came to this county, where he was en- gaged in farming as long as lie lived. He was a democrat in politics, a ruling elder in the Presbyterian church, and died May 16, 1862, aged sixty-eight years. He marrietl Nancy Hood, who was born in Bucks county, May 15, 1795, was a member of the Presbyterian church, and died October 5, 1851, at the age of fifty-six years. William Hood was reared on his father's Washington county farm, on which he worked until he was twenty-four years of age, when he came to this county with his father and settled on the farm which he now owns. This farm was then in the woods, and he aided his father in clearing and improving it. His farm, which contains eighty-eight acres, and is three miles from Kittanning, on the Clearfield pike, is very productive. Besides farming, in which he has been very successful, Mr. Hood also deals in stock. On October 16, 1876, he married Esther Patton, daughter of Montgomery Patton, of Boggs township. They have three children : William A., Louis M. and Bessie T. William Hood has always been closely atten- tive to his farm and business. He is an old- time democrat and a member of the First Pres- byterian "church, of Kittanning. He has held the various offices of his township. While a man of strong will and great determination, qualities inherited from his worthy ances- tors, yet he is kind-hearted and ever ready to assist those in di.stress. Mr. Hood, who is six feet two inches in height, comes of a race distinguished for fine personal appearance, and some of whom were six feet and seven inches in stature. Successful as a farmer, honorable as a man and respected as a citizen, he now resides in a comfortable home and enjoys the fruits of half a centiny of his honest labors. JOHN A. LOGAN, a former justice of the peace and a worthy citizen of Manor town- ship, is a son of Tiiomas and Esther (Hood) Logan, and was born at Logansport, Armstrong county, Pennsylvania, December 19, 1840. John Logan (grandfather) was born in county Cork, Ireland, in 1756, and in early life set- tled in Pine township, Allegheny county, where he engaged in fanning. He died in 1852, when he was in the ninety-sixth year of his age. One of his son.s, Thomas Logan (fa- ther), was born in Allegheny county in 1709. When a young man he was engaged in distilling whiskey, but becoming convinced of the evils of intemperance he abandoned the manufacture of liquor and gave his attention to carding wool. He afterwards removed to Logansport and purchased at that place a tract of four hun- dred and fifty acres, which he tilled for many years. He died July 16, 1882, aged eighty- three years. He was a successful business mau, a life-long whig and re])ublican, and an es- teemed member of the Presbyterian church. He was widely known as an enthusiastic Sun- day-school worker when Sunday-schools were a new and not a thoroughly appreciated institu- tion in this section of Armstrong county. He married Esther Hood, a native of county An- trim, Ireland, by whom he had nine children, six sons and three daughters. His wife was a member of the Presbyterian church, and died August 20, 1869, in the sixty-seventh year of her age. John A. Logan was reared at Logansport, and attended the public schools of that town- ship. He has always followed farming since leaving school. He now owns some seventy- three acres of well-improved land in Manor township, upon which he resides. On October SO, 1866, Mr. Logan married Jannetta Gibson, daughter of Charles Gibson, of Allegheny county, and to them was born one child, a daughter, Jannetta, who is still living. After the death of Mrs. Logan, in 620 BIOGRAPHIES OF 1868, Mr. Logan, February 16, 1871, married Sarah Bailey, daughter of Richard Bailey, of Armstrong county. To this second marriage have been born two children: a son, Charles Bailey, who died aged two years, and a daugh- ter, Lydia Martha. John A. Logan is a worthy, energetic citizen, a consistent member of the Presbyterian church and a prominent republican. He served one year as constable, was elected justice of the peace in 1879, and held that office until 1884. Mr. Logan raises some stock in addition to farming. He has learned much by observation and reading, and has intelligent and decided opinions upon agricultural, political and relig- ious affairs. GEORGE WASHINGTON LUKE, M.D., of Arnold, an efficient and successful phy- sician of Valley township, is a son of James and Annie (Lynn) Luke, and was born in Cam- bria county, Pennsylvania, Augu.st 24, 1835. His paternal grandparents were James and Mary (McLane) Luke; the former born in county Armagh, Ireland, and the latter a native of the highlands of Scotland. They came to Penn- sylvania in 1791, and purchased a farm within two miles of Armagh, Indiana county, where they resided as long as they lived. Their son, James Luke (father), was born in 1791 on shipboard while they were crossing the Atlantic ocean. He was reared in Indiana county, served under Gen. Harrison in the war of 1812, and afterwards settled in the forks of Black Lick creek, in Cambria county, where he remained until 1861, when he came to Arm- strong county. Ten years later he passed away at the advanced age of eighty years. He was a stanch democrat and married Annie Lynn, of Bedford county, who was a devout member of the Methodist Episcopal church and passed from the toils and troubles of earthly life May 20, 1864, when in the seventieth year of her age. George Washington Luke was reared in Cambria and Clarion counties and received his education in the common schools and Dayton academy, this county. From twelve years of age he commenced to make his own way in life, and for several years worked at any kind of labor that was honorable. In 1859 he com- menced to read medicine at Reynoldsville, Jef- ferson county, and two years later, when the storm of civil war burst upon the land, he left his studies to enter the Union army. He en- listed on August 29, 1861, as a private in Co. H, 105th regiment, Pa. Vols., and four months later was made hospital steward of Gen. Kearney's division. On October 5, 1863, he was discharged by an order of Secretary Stanton for the purpose of giving him an opportunity to enlist as a hospital steward in the United States army, which he accordingly did. He .served until November 10, 1865, when he was honorably discharged at Brownsville, Texas While in the service he was captured once and was confinefl in Libby prison for one month before being exchanged. After the war he re- sumed his medical studies, under Dr. D. R. Crawford of Sniicksburg, Indiana county, and attended lectures at the medical department of the University of Michigan, from which he was graduated in 1867. In the fall of 1867 he opened an office at Goheenville, but in May, 1874, on account of his wife's health, removed to Templeton, on the A. V. R. R., where he remained until December, 1876, when he went to Salem, in Clarion county. At that place he remained until the fall of 1881, when he came to Valley township, where he has had a large and remunerative practice ever since. April 7, 1870, Dr. Luke married Sarah Speace, daughter of G. W. Speace, of Valley township. They have twochildren living: Annie L. and Susie B. Dr. Luke is a republican in politics and when Arnold post-office was established, in 1888, he was appointed postmaster, which position he ARMSTRONG COUNTY. 521 has held ever since. He owns and resides upon a farm of fifty acres, which is underlaid with coal. Dr. Luke has always been successful as a physician and is recognized as one of the prominent and leading citizens of Valley town- ship. ARCHIBALD W. MARSHALL, one of the useful citizens and progressive farmers of Valley township, is a son of Archibald and Rebecca (Taylor) Mai'shall, and was born on the farm on which he now resides in Valley township, Armstrong county, Pennsylvania, March 29, 1840. Of the many families who left Ireland over a century ago and made Penn- sylvania their home, one was the Marshall family, from which Archibald W. Marshall is descended. His paternal grandfather, Archibald Marshall, Sr., died November 28, 1888. Of his sons who grew to manhood, one was Archi- bald Marshall (father), who was born in Indiana county iu 1800 and passed away in 1878, when in the seventy-eighth year of his age. In early life he came to Valley township, where he fol- lowed farming until his death. He was a dem- ocrat and a united presbyterian and was re- spected and esteemed in the community in which he resided. He was well acquainteer, daughter of John and Priscilla (Gosling) Cooper. They have five children, two sons and three daughters : Jennie, who is married to Chas. Kier of Creighton, Allegheny county. Pa., John A., Matthias R., Jr., Esther P. and Lillian A. In 1870 there was great talk in England of a large glass works being built by Cajitain J. B. Ford, of Indiana, who is the founder of the first plate glass M'orks in America. M. R. 528 BIOGRAPHIES OF Pepper's father-in-law, John Cooper, determined to come out as a glass-grinder. Captain J. B. Ford then had a grinder, but where could he get a man that understood smoothing, polishing and tlie finishing of glass in all of its details? He was then told of M. R. Pepper, and at the wish of Captain J. B. Ford, Mr. Pepper came to New Albany, Indiana, where he acted for Mr. Ford as superintendent. In 1883 he went to the Pittsburgh Plate Glass Co., Creighton, Pa., where he acted for Mr. Ford as foreman polisher for two years and then became superin- tendent of the works, which position he held three years. In 1888 he was offered and ac- cepted for the same company the general super- iutendency of the Ford city plate-glass plant, which is the largest glass works in the world, and removed to that place, where he has remain- ed ever since. He is the first practical 2>late- glass worker in the United States. He polished the first plate-glass that was made in this country, and it was ground by his father-in-law, John Cooper. Matthias R. Pepper is a i-epub- lican in politics. He is a member of the Amer- ican Legion of Honor, No. 932, and Kittanning Lodge, No. 244, Free and Accepted Masons. Since being in the United States he has t^yice visited the land of his nativity. ROBERT G. RALSTON, M.D., an active and successful physician of Middlesex, East Franklin township, and a member of the Armstrong Medical society and the Pennsylva- nia State Medical society, is a son of James and Jane (Graham) Ralston, and was born in Armstrong county, Pentisylvania, January 22, 1830. Among the early settlers of West- moreland county, from county Tyrone, Ireland, was Matthew Ralston, the paternal grandfather of Dr. Ralston. Matthew Ralston, who was an earnest presbyterian, settled with his family, about 1799, in Westmoreland county, where he followed farming until his death, in 1839. In religious matters he was strict in the presbyter- ian faith of his forefathers and in political af- fairs, in this county, was a stanch supporter of the Democratic party. Of his sons born in the old world, one was James Ralston (father), who was reared from nine years of age in Westmoreland county, where he resided until he came to this county. Sixteen years later he returned to Westmoreland county, and after a residence of sixteen years came to South Buffalo township. In 1866 he came to East Franklin township, where he died December 30, 1876, aged eighty-six years. He followed farming and was a member, for over half a century, of the Presbyterian church, in which, during the larger part of that time, he had .served as a ruling elder. He was a democrat in politics and a pillar of strength in his church. He was a life-long democrat and a successful farmer and married Jane Graham, who was a native of Ireland and a presbyterian in religious fnith and died April 21, 1871, aged seventy- four years and nine months. Her father, Joseph Graham (maternal grandfather), came about 1800 from county Tyrone to Armstrong county, where he followed farming as long as he lived. Robert G. Ralston was reared in Westmore- land and Arm.strong counties and received his literary education in Jefferson college, from which he was graduated in the class of 1855. Af- ter graduation he went to Kentucky, where he was engaged for one year in teaching. Return- ing home at the end of that time, he read medi- cine with Dr. Snowden, of Freeport, Pa., and entered Jefferson Medical college October, 1857, from which he was graduated in March, 1860. One year later he located at Middlesex, this township, where he has remained ever since, in the successful practice of his profession. He is a member of the county and State medical so- cieties. He is an elder of the Presbyterian church and a democrat in politics. On June 17, 1865, Dr. Ralston married AMMSTRONG COUNTY. 520 Martha Terapleton, daughter of John Temple- tou, of Sugar Creek township. To this union have been born ten cliiidren, three sons and seven daughters : Nannie B., married to Rev. J. C.Ambrose; Jennie, Nettie M., Elizabeth M., Ina F., William J., Catherine, John T., Virginia and Robert S. Dr. Ralston owns two good farms in this county and resides upon the one adjoining Mid- dlese.x. As a safe, sound and successful physi- cian, he receives the well-merited respect of his professional brethren, and the confidence of the community. ISAAC REESE, the descendant of an old and J- thrifty family, noted for its longevity, and the inventor of the Reese silica fire-brick, now in such general use throughout the United States, was born in Wales, in 1820, and is a son of William Reese. The Reese family is remarka- ble for the great age attained by many of its members. Isaac Reese's paternal great- grandfather lived to be one hundred antl four years of age and one of his sons (grandfather) dieerland during the late civil war, is a son of William and Margaret (Gartley) Borland, and was born in AVayne township, Armstrong county, Pennsylvania, May 24, 1837. Robert Borland (grandfather) was a native of county Donegal, Ireland, and in 1821 settled in Salem township, Westmoreland county. Ten years later he removed (1831) to that part of Arm- strong county now known as Wayne town- ship, and located one mile from tlie l)orough of Dayton, where he took up one hundred and nineteen acres of land, which he farmed success- fully up to the time of his death. He was a member of the Protestant Episcopal church. He united in marriage with Jane Borland, of Ireland, and their union was blessed with four sons, all of whom were born in the Emerald Isle, and all of whom came with their parents to America. Each of these sons purchasetl large tracts of land adjoining their father's in Wayne township and followed farming. One of these sons was William Borland (father), who was born in January, 1801. He died in 1874 on the farm on which the subject of this sketch was born. He was a large land-owner, holding in his own right about four hundred acres. He was in his latter years a wide-awake republi- can, interested in the cause and anxious for the success of his party, but never aspired to office. In religion he was an Episcopalian. He mar- ried Margaret Grartley, daughter of Andrew Gartley, of Westmoreland county. They had four sons and one daughter. Their sons were : John W. (deceased), George G., William P. and Robert J. George G. Borland was reared on a farm and received a good common-school education in the common schools. Leaving school, he engageil in teaching and at the end of his fourth term, in 1861, he entered the Union army. He en- listed in Co. " G," 78th regt. Pa. Vols., and served three years, the greater part of which ARMSTRONG COUNTY. 54! time he acted as sergeant. He took part in the battles of La Verne, Tenn., Stone River, Chiek- ainauga, Chattanooga, Buzzard's Roost, Pumpkin Vine, and several of the more important battleis of the Army of Cumberland. He was wound- ed at the Battle of Stone River. When the war was over he returned to Armstrong county and engaged in farming and stock-dealing, which he has followetl successful ly ever since. He is a stanch republican, and although never seeking office, yet was elected as auditor, which position he held from 1867 to 1870. He also served as justice of the peace in his town- ship two terms, beside having held nearly all the other offices in his township. He is a member of Dayton Lodge, No. 738, Independent Order of Odd Fellows, J. Ed. Turk Post, No. 321, Grand Army of the Republic, the Union Veteran Ijegion, at Smicksburg, and the Farmers' Alliance. He owns a farm of two hundre*! acres of well-improved grain and grazing land. Mr. Borland deals largely in stock and by perseverance and industry has ac- cumulatetl a competency. SAMUEL S. N. CALHOUN, one of Wayne township's leading citizens, is a son of Judge John and Elizabeth (Anthony) Calhoun, and was born in Wayne township, Armstrong county, Pennsylvania, March 23, 1823. James Calhoun (paternal grandfather) was a native of Donegal county, Ireland, and settled in Lan- caster county, but soon afterwards removed to Indiana county. He was one of the early school-teachers of that county, where he re- mained but a few years, and then came to Boggs township, Armstrong county, where he i resided daring the remainder of his life. In religious belief he was a seceder. He married , a Mrs. Mar}- Walker, and reared a large family of children. Hon. John Calhoun (father) was, in all probability, born in Armstrong county, ' where he spent nearly all of his life in Boggs and Wayne townships. In early manhood he was a carj^enter ; but in later years he engaged in farming. In ])olitics he endorsed the senti- ments of the whig party until late in life, when he became a strong democrat. He was among the first militia captains in the State, and sub- seijuently beamie a colonel. He servetl as jus- tice of the peace for thirty years, being first appointed under Gov. Wolfe. He was com- missioned twice as a.ssociate judge of Armstrong county ; first, by Gov. Wolfe, and then by Gov. Porter, and served very creditably during both of his terms (1840 to 1840) of office. He took an active and intelligent part in jiolitics, and in all else that concerned the good of the people. He was in early life a member of the Seceder church, but aftenvards united with the Presbyterian church, and became one of the founders and ruling elders of the Glade Run and Concord churches of that denomination. He married Elizabeth Anthony, daughter of Jacob Anthony, of Indiana county. They had six children : Noah, a farmer in Wayne township, who died in 1889; William (deceased), who was a carpenter and farmer in Wayne township ; Mary, who married Thomas Kichey, of Wayne township, and is dead ; Nancy (deceased), who was married to Samuel H. Porter ; James R., who followed farming for several years, but is now a resident of Dayton ; Sarah (deceased), who was marrieenman and accountant as well as a skillful surveyor. In 1843 he came to Cowanshannock township, where he died some three years later. In 1816 he married Martha Scott, and to their union were born four- teen children, of whom seven lived to maturity : Lavina, Belinda, Juliet, George A., Joini, Samuel and Benjamin, who enlisted in Co. D, 62d regi- ment. Pa. Vols., in 1863, and after serving about four months died of quinsy in the hospital near Washington, D. C. Mrs. Gourley's father, a Mr. Scott, was a native of Westmoreland county, from whence he removed to Columbus, Ohio, where he died. George A. Gourley was reared on the farm and received his education in the schools taught by his father. In 1852 he entered tiie employ of Philip Mechling, of Kittanning, as a clerk and remained with him until 1856. He then embarked in the general mercantile business at Rural Valley, which he followed successfully for twenty-three years. Since 1879 he has not been actively engaged in any special line of busi- ness and has given a part of his time to the management of his home farm of one hundred and eighty acres of land near Rural Valle}', and another farm which he owns but a short distance from the same place. On September 22, 1860, he married Ellen Earhart, daughter of Jacob Earhart, of Salts- burg. Their union has been blessed with four children, one son and three daughters : Mary A., wife of Dr. Stockdill, a prominent physician of Rural Valley (see his sketch) ; Olive B., married to Harper Ambrose, a farmer ; Laura B. and George A., Jr. In politics Mr. Gourley is a republican, and has always voted that ticket. He was remark- ably successful as a merchant, and is prosperous as a farmer. His farms, in appearance and in the crops which they afford, give evidence of his agricultural knowledge and good management. JACOB S. HAINES, a well-known citizen ^ and the proprietor of one of the most suc- cessful flouring-mills of Wayne township, is a son of John and Margaret (Mansfield) Haines, and was born in Hempfield townsiiip, West- moreland county, Pennsylvania, October 17, 1827. Frederick Haines (grandfather) was a native of Northampton county, wliere his fatiier, who was a native of Germany, had settled. Frederick Haines removed from his birth-place to Hempfield township and engaged in shoe- making and farming. He was an unassuming, quiet man, a member of the Lutiieran church, and in politics was an old-time democrat. He married a Miss Jarett and their union was blessed with six children, three sons and three daughters. Jacob Haines (father) was born in Northampton county and settled in \Vayne town- siiip in 1844, where he died in the spring of 1880, aged eighty-four years. He was a strong democrat, and a consistent member of the Re- formed church. He married Margaret Mans- field, daughter of Jacob Mansfield, an early settler near Mansfield, Oiiio, which city was named after him. They had seven children: Frederick, of Wayne township, who served tlirough the Mexican and the late civil wars ; Benjamin, of Brookville, who is engagetl in the milling business ; William Alexander, who en- ARMSTRONG COUNTY. 549 tered the Union army from Jeffereou county, iu the 105th regiment, served three years in the Army of the Potomao, and was killed in a mill after the close of the war ; Philip, of Leechburg, who served iu the Army of the Potomac until he was wounded and discharged ; Hanuah, married to Michael J. Smith, owner of a foundry in Red B;uik township (see his sketch) ; Catherine and Jacob S. Jacob S. Haines was reared on the farm and obtiiined his education in the common schools of Wayne township. Leaving school, he learned milling at Salenij where he continued in that business for seven years. At the expiration of that time he returueil to Wayne township and commenced milling, where he now owns a good mill and where he has also been engaged in farming ever since. He enlisted October 1 1861, in Co. M, 2d regiment, Penna. Cavalry, and served until December IGth, when he re- enlisted in the same regiment and served until 1865. He was in the Aimy of the Potomao, was promotccl to sergeant and participated in the battles of Spottsylvania Court-house, Antietam, Gettysburg, the Wilderness and in the fights in front of Petersburg. He made a goixl record as a soldier and always performed with alacrity whatever tluty was assigned him. On October 10, 1850, he united in marriage with Martha Jane Ridgeway, daughter of Ziba L. and Clarissa (Weir) Ridgeway. Mrs. Haines' grandfather, Matthew Ridgeway, went from New England to New York, where he dial. Her maternal grandfather, Abraham ^\'eil■, was a native of New York, where he also died, and his son, Ziba Ridgeway, removed to Connells- ville, Fayette county, where he reared a family of seven children, five sons and two daughters, of whom the eldest son, William E., entered the Union army from Wisconsin and died in the service. Mr. and Mrs. Haines have three chil- dren : Mary A., who mairied Abraham Good, of near Smicksburg, and has three children, Martha E., Jacob C. and Emma; William H., married to Jennie Bowse, living at East Brady, Pa., and has three sons, Herbert, Curt and Dickey ; and Charles W. In politics Mr. Haines is a republican. He and his wife are members of the Dayton Metho- dist church, of which he is a steward. JOHN HECKMAN, a leading merchant and highly-respected citizen of Eldertoii, is the eldest son of Michael Heckman, and was born near Leechburg, Armstrong county, Pennsyl- vania, August 24, 1828. His grandfather Heckman was one of the early settlers of West- moreland county, and married Maria Iseman, by whom he had nine children. One of these children was Michael Heckman (father), who was born in 1800, in Westmoreland county. He attended the subscription schools of that period. He wa.s a farmer by occupation, own- ing one hundred and fifty acres of land, on which he raised large crops of grain and con- siderable stock. He was an uncompromising democrat, and took an active part in local poli- tics. He died in 1882, a consistent member of the Evangelical Lutheran church. He married and reared a family of seven children, of whom one is the subject of this sketch. John Heckman was reared on a farm and at- tended school in the log school-house situated some two miles from his father's house. He began life as a farmer, assisting his father until he was twenty-eight years of age. He then purchased a farm which he tilled until 1868, when lie engaged in the huckster business, which he followed for the ensuing seven years. From 1875 to 1885 he was engaged iu firming, and then removed to Eldcrton, where he resided for three years. In 1888 he embarked iu his pres- ent general mercantile business (m Main street, at Elderton. He carries a complete and care- fully-selected stock of goods, well adapted to the numerous wants of his many patrons. He married Catherine Dice, daughter of John 550 MIOQRAPHIES OF and Catherine (Sipes) Dice, of Armstrong coun- ty. They have had four children : Michael, Harvey (dead), Thomas M., born in 1857, and Anna Maria, born in 1860, and now a partner with her father in the mercantile business. Politically, Mr. Heckman is a Jacksonian democrat, and has been elected by his party as inspector of elections, school director and mem- ber of the town council. He has always taken an active part in the work of the Lutheran church, of which he is an elder and has served as deacon and trustee. He owns a fine two- story brick residence at Elderton, besides his store-room and other valuable property. He has acquired, by honesty and industry, a com- petency, and is known as one of the reliable business men and prosperous citizens of the county. The Heckman family is of German origin, but for over a century has been Amer- ican by citizenship. It is a family that pos- sesses many worthy qualities of character, and ranks as one of the substantial families of Armstrong county. MICHAEL HECKMAN, a prominent citi- zen and successful merchant of St. Thomas, is a son of John and Catherine (Dice) Heck- man, and was born April 22, 1855, in Arm- strong county, Pennsylvania. The Heckman family is of German descent, and Michael Heckman's great-grandfather, Philip Heckman, was an early settler of Westmoreland county. He married Maria Iseman, of Armstrong coun- ty, and had a family of nine children. One of his sous, Michael Heckman (grandfather), was born in Westmoreland county in 1800. His son, John Heckman (father), was born August 24, 1828 (see his sketch). In early manhood he followed farming, but during the latter part of his life has been succes.sfully en- gaged in the general mercantile business at Elderton. He is a consistent member of the Evangelical Lutheran church, a thorough- going business man and a strong democrat. He married Catherine Dice, daughter of John and Catherine (Sipes) Dice. They have had five children, of whom the subject of this sketch is the eldest. Michael Heckman was reared on his father's farm, and at Elderton, and received a good common-school education. Leaving school, he assisted his father on the farm and in the store until 1881, when he engaged, at St. Thomas, in the mercantile business for himself, as junior member of the firm of Hileman & Heckman. In the same year he purchased Mr. Hileman's interest, and formed a partnershij] with his brothers, Harvey and T. M. Heckman, under the firm-name of Heckman Bros. His brother Harvey dying, he and his brother T. M. have continued in the mercantile business at St. Thomas until the present time. They have in- vested some ten thousand dollars in their busi- ness, and have one of the largest stocks of gen- eral merchandise in that section of the county. Their store-room is commodious and convenient for the display of their choice and well-assorted stock of dry-goods, groceries, hardware, cloth- ing and notions which are necessary' to accom- modate their patrons. In addition to his mer- cantile interests Mr. Heckman owns a large amount of valuable farming land in Plum Creek township, which is worth several thousand dol- lars. He has acquired what he owns by his own efforts and judicious management, and never received any material aid from any one. On April 1, 1885, he married Mary Thomas, the fourth daughter of Johnson and Mary Thomas, of Plum Creek township. To Mr. and Mrs. Heckman have been born four children : Maud E., born April 3, 1885 ; Veruie B., born May 1, 1886, and died Dec. 27, 1887 ; Selah O., born July 13, 1887 ; and John C, born June 19, 1889. In politics Mr. Heckman is an active democrat, and has held the offices of overseer of the poor, and auditor and inspector of elections. He is an ARMSTRONG COUNTY. 651 elder of the Lutheran church at St. Thomas, and a member of the Elderton Conclave, No. 1105, Royal Arcanum. Michael Heckman is widely known as an honest, reliable business man, full of enterprise and energy. MARGARET CLARK HERRON, an intel- ligent woman of good financial ability and great energy, and a resident of Plum Creek township, is a daughter of William Todd and Jane (Cummins) Clark, and was born on the old Clark homestead in Plum Creek township, Armstrong county, Pennsyh'ania, May 16, 1826. The Clark family was among the very earliest settled families of Plum Creek town- ship. Joseph Clark (grandfather) and James Clark (great-grandfather) built the first block- house in the county (about 1774), and it was used as a refuge for the families in that neigh- borhood whenever an invasion of Indians was anticipated. His wife was accustomed to ac- company him in tiie fields while he plowed, or was otherwise engaged in work, and would stand near him with his gun watching for sudden attacks of Indians. One of their sons, William Todd Clark (father), was born on the home farm April 26, 1799, received his eflucatiou in the subscription schools of the county, and followed farming all his life. He was a prominent presbyterian, and was one of the organizers of the Plum Creek Presbyterian church. In 1820 he married Jane Cummins, second daughter of William aud Margaret Cum- mins, of Indiana county. They had four chil- dren. Margaret Clark Ilerron received a common- school education, and on January 1, 1846, mar- ried William Herron, son of David Herron, of Westmoreland county, who was born June 9, 1810. He was a carpenter by trade, and died Jan. 10, 1883. To them were born two chil- dren: John C. Herron and Nancy Jane, wife of T. S. Wilson, of Indiana county. Since her husband's death Mrs. Herron has successfully managed the farm, which contains one hundred and fifty-six acres of well-im- proved land, and kept it in a high state of pro- ductiveness. She resides in a large two-story frame house, and the farm is tilled under her personal supervision, and in addition to grain- raising she keeps a large herd of cattle. She is a member of the Elderton Presbyterian church. Mrs. Herron is prudent, active and en- ergetic, and occupies a prominent position in her community, not only on account of her family history aud respectable connections, but also by reason of her business enterprise and tireless energy. Joseph Clark (grandfather), married Ann Todd, and their family consisted of two sous, Alexander W., who married Jane Armstrong, and had ten children; and Clark; and six daughters: Barbara, Ann, Louisa, Elizabeth, Margaret aud Mary, the wife of Jonathan Agey, and the only one of the family now living. STEPHEN JONES, one of Soutii Bend township's prosperous and comfortably situated farmers, is a sou of John and Mary Jones, and was born in Wales in 1808. He was carefully trained to habits of industry, hon- esty and economy, and received his education in the excellent schools of his native country, from which he emigratetl to the United States in 1839. Like many another artisan of the old world, who found all trades there overcrowded, he sought a wider field for work in the iiew world. For two years he followed his trade in New York city aud Pittsburgh. In 1860 he came to Armstrong county, where he purchased his present farm of one hundred and twelve acres, in South Bend township, and has been engaged in farming ever since. His industry here as a farmer has been well rewarded with good crops, while his well improved farm has increased largely in value since he purchased it. 552 BIOGRAPHIES OF 111 1866 he married, aud his wife died soon after marriage. In 1858 he married a Miss Barrel. To this second union have been born two children : Stephen, Jr., born in 1860 ; and Mary, born in 1862. Stephen Jones has been an earnest supporter of the principles of the Republican party since his residence in this country. He has carefully reared his children, trained them to habits of industry and economy, aud giveu them the ad- vantages of a good practical education. His life has been one of continual activity aud hon- est hard labor. Although past his four-score years, he still exercises an active supervision over his farm and all other propei'ty which he owns. His rule through life has been to de- pend upon himself, and his success attests how well he has practiced that rule. TOHN T. KIRKPATRICK, one of the ^ oldest merchants in the county and post- master of Barnard' s ever since its establishment as a post-office in 1861, is a son of David and Mary (Thompson) Kirkpatrick and was born near Freeport, Armstrong county, Pennsylvania* in August, 1823. The Kirkpatricks are Scotch- Irish. James Kirkpatrick (graudfather) was born in Cumberland county, from whence he moved in early life to Westmoreland county, where he livetl a few years. In 1798 he located in Plum Creek township (now Cowanshan- nock). When living on Cherry run, near Elderton, his house was attacked by Indians and" two of its inmates were killed, while a young child was wounded, but its mother made her escape with it to Loyalhanna, Westmore- land county, where it died. James Kirkpat- rick was a farmer by occupation, a whig in pol- itics and an active member and elder of the first Presbyterian chureh organized at Glade run, near Dayton. He married Mary Larimer and to their union were born eight children, four sons and four daughters. One of these sons, James, Jr., served in the war of 1812 and another son, David Kirkpatrick (father), was born iu 1778, in Westmoreland county. He came to Plum Creek township, Armstrong county, with his father, aud engaged iu farm- ing. He died in 1844, when he was in the sixty-seventh year of his age. He was a whig in politics, a member of the Presbyterian church, and married for his first wife Elizabeth Varus, by whom he had two children : William and James. Mrs. Kirkpatrick died and Mr. Kirk- patrick married Mary Thompson, a daughter of John and Jane (Riddle) Thompson. To this second union were born eight children, of whom one, Robert B., enlisted in 1861, in the 78tli regiment. Pa. Vol. Infantry, and served three years. Mrs. Mary Kirkpatrick's father, John Thompson, was a native of Allegheny county, to which his father had come from Ireland. John Thompson was a farmer and a whig and mar- ried Jane Riddle, by whom he had three chil- dren. His wife died and he married for his second wife a Miss Breckeuridge, who bore him eight children, three sons and five daughters. John T. Kirkpatrick was reared on a farm and received his education in the subscription schools of his day. He commenced life as a clerk at Smicksburg, but afterward went to Kittanniug and entered the employ of a merchant, with whom he remained until his father's death, in 1844. He then opened a gen- eral mercantile store at Barnard's, where he has continued in that line of business ever since. He has a heavy stock of merchandise, enjoys a good trade from a large section of country and was appointed postmaster of Barnard's, when that post-office was established iu 1861. In addition to his mercantile business, Mr. Kirk- patrick is engaged, to some extent, in farming in Cowanshannock township, where he owns one hundred and six acres of land. He married Sarah McGaughey, daughter of John McGaughey, of Wayne township. To their union has been born one child, John M. ARMSTROiSG COUNTY. 553 Johu T. Kirkpatrick is a member of Glade Run Presbyterian church and a republican in political opinion. Half a century of experience as a clerk and a merchant has well qualified Mr. Kirkpatrick for the mercantile business, in which he has always been honest and honorable. I riALVIN P. McADOO, M.D., one of At- ^ wood's well-read and most successful phys- icians, is a son of Dr. John E. and Hannah (McCune) McAdoo, and was born in Cowan- shannock township, Armstrong county, Penn- sylvania, March 12, 1849. John McAdoo, grandfather of Dr. Calvin P. McAdoo, was in all probability a native of Indiana county, from whence he removed to Armstrong county, where he was engaged in farming until his death. One of his sons. Dr. John E. McAdoo (father), was born in Indiana county, graduated from Jefferson Medical college of Philadelphia, and afterwards moved to Ohio, where he prac- ticed medicine till his death. He was a repub- lican in politics and married Mrs. Hannah (McCune) McCreery. They had one child, the subject of this sketch. Mrs. McAdoo's father, Christopher McCune, was a native of Ireland, and settled in Indiana county, where he en- gaged in farming and in the mercantile busi- ness at Plumville, at which place he afterwards died. He was a member of the United Pres- byterian church and a republican in politics, and served as a justice of the peace for several years. Mrs. McAdoo's first husband was Wil- liam McCreery, and they had two children : Margaret, who married a Mr. Des Moines (now deceased), and is a matron in a State Normal school; and Mary, the wife of James Duff. Calvin P. McAdoo was reared in his native township and after completing the full course of study at Rural Valley academy, read medicine with Dr. J. W. Morrow, of Atwood. He then practiced for a short time under Dr. Smith, of Apollo, and afterwards entered the medical de- 33 partment of Wooster University of Cleveland, Ohio, from which institution he was graduated in 1882. Immediately after graduation he came to Atwood, where he has successfully prac- ticed his profession ever since. He married Charlotte Wagner, daughter of John Wagner, of Washington township, Indi- ana county. Their union has been blessed with six children, three sons and three daughters : Nancy V., married to William Earhart, of At- wood, and has one child, Glenard Cloyde; Charles, John, Margaret, Harry and Winona. Dr. Calvin P. McAdoo is a democrat in poli- tics and a member of the United Presbyterian church of Atwood. He enjoys a good practice at Atwood and in its surrounding section of country. DAVID McCULLOUGH. A much-missed citizen and business man of Atwood is the late David McCuUough, who was a wounded veteran of tlie 14th Pa. Cavalry. He was a sou of David and Eh'zaboth (George) McCul- lough, and was born in Plum Creek township, Armstrong county, Pennsylvania, November 8, 1824. The McCullough family is of Scotch descent and one of its members, David McCul- lough, Sr. (grandfather), a native of Scotland, emigrated from Scotland to Peimsylvania, where he settled in Indiana county. He there, in 1782, married Hannah Rutherford and one of their sons was David McCullough, Jr. (father), who was born January 3, 1817. He was a member of the United Presbyterian church, a democrat in politics and at one time served as constable of his township. He mar- ried Elizabeth George, a daughter of Alexander George, a native of Ireland and a farmer of Plum Creek township. To David McCul- lough, Jr., and his wife were born seven chil- dren : John, born September, 1822, and is a farmer of near Elderton ; David, Alexander, born December 30, 1826 ; Robert, born May 1 , 554 BIOGRAPHIES OF 1829, now living near Elderton ; William, born April 23, 1831; Jackson, born May 2, 1835; and James born June 10, 1837. David MeCullough was reared on the home farm and received a good common business education, after which he learned the trade of blacksmith. In 1862 he enlisted in Co. K, 14th regiment, Pennsylvania Cavalry, as a blacksmith and farrier, although he partici- pated in most of the battles in which his regiment was engaged. He was wounded in the shoulder in the battle of Gilmore's Mill June 13, 1863, and was mustered out June 2, 1865. Returning from the army, he resumed blacksmithing, which he followed until hisdeath. He passed away on October 15, 1889, after a life of honest and honorable toil. He was suc- cessful in his business and had acquired a farm of ninety acres adjoining Atwood, upon which his widow now resides. On August 12, 1856, he married Jane Dow- ney, a daughter of Jacob Downey, wlio was born in Indiana county, where he followed blacksmithing. He was a republican in politics, a member of the United Presbyterian church, and married Elizabeth Cannon, by whom he had eight children, of whom five are living: John, of Jacksonville, who served in a Pennsylvania volunteer regiment during the late civil war; Elizabeth, wife of Samuel Spence, of Wayne township ; Jane, Isabelle, who married John Neil, a farmer of Indiana county ; and Mary. To David and Jane MeCullough have been born seven children, three sons and four daughters : Mary T., wife of Elder Kebbler, a farmer of Indiana county ; Anna B. (deceased) ; Eliza- beth D. (deceased) ; Abraham Lincoln, a car- riage manufacturer of Dayton ; Samuel G., Martha B. (deceased) ; and David H. David MeCullough was a republican in poli- tics, a member of the United Presbyterian church and a man who was well respected by his neighbors. JAMES D. McLEAN, now prominent in the political and business life at Atwood, is one of the Union soldiers who were confined in Libby prison during the late war. He is a son of Alexander and Mary (Duncan) McLean, and was born in Cowanshaunock township, Armstrong county, Pennsylvania, February 2, 1837. He is of Scotch descent and his great- grandfather, James McLean, came from Scot- land to Pennsylvania, where he settled in Indi- ana county, near Livermore. He was a farmer by occupation and a strong opponent of the Democratic party. He served as justice of the peace for a number of years and was a member of the old Seceder church. He married a Miss Miller and to their union were born seven chil- dren, three .sons and four daughters. The sons were : John, Col. Alexander and Samuel. Col. Alexander McLean commanded a regi- ment of Pennsylvania troops in the war of 1812. John McLean (grandfather) was born on his father's farm near Livermore, and in 1813 removed to Jefferson county, Indiana, where he was engaged in agricultural pursuits until his death, which occurred in August, 1828, when he was in the sixtieth year of his age. He was a whig in politics, a member of the Seceder church and married Rachel Matthews (wi)o died in 1826), by whom he had eight children, four sons and four daughters. One of these sons, Alexander Mclican (father), was born on the old homestead farm in Indiana county, Septem- ber 25, 1810, and removed with his father, three years afterwards, to Indiana. In 1829 he returned to Indiana county, and in 1835 moved to Plum Creek township (now Cowan- shaunock), where he cleaied out a farm upon which he now resides. He was a whig and is now a republican in politics. He has served as supervisor and tax-collector of Cowanshaunock township. Hehasheld membership since 1830, in the United Presbyterian church, of which he has been an elder for fifty years. He married Mary Duncan, who bore him five children, four ARMSTRONO COUNTY. sons and one daughter. Of these sous, Ebene- zer enlisted in 1864, in Co. K, 14tli regiment, Pa. Cavahy, and died the following year in the hospital at Frederick City, and Samuel enlisted in 1861, in Co. E, 11th regiment, Pa. Reserves, and was killed in the battle of Gaines' Mill, 1862. John McLean, the oldest son, is a farmer and Dorcas, the daughter, is living with her brother J. D. Mrs. McLean died in 1842, and in 1843, Mr. McLean married for his second wife Rebecca McCauslaud, who died in 1849. To this .second marriage were born three chil- dren : David M., Mary and W. H. McLean. In 1853, Mr. McLean married Margaret Gil- lespie, and to this third union have been born three children : Nancy J., Sai'ah E. and Mattie J. Mrs. Mary McLean was a daughter of Thomas Duncan (maternal grandfather), a na- tive of eastern Pennsylvania, and a weaver by trade. He came to Armstrong county, where he engaged in farming. He married Dorcas Todd, who bore him seven children, three sons and four daughters. James D. McLean was reared in Cowanshan- nock township, attended the common schools of that township, the normal school at Indiana and Rural Valley academy, and taught two terms. In 1861 he enlisted in Co. A, 78th regiment. Pa. Vols., and served three years, tw-o months and three days in the Army of the Cumberland. During the battle of Stone River he was taken prisoner and .sent to Libby Prison, where he was held thirty-one days. After he was di.s- charged he returned home and engaged in farm- ing, but finding his .strength insufficient for that occupation, embarked, in 1870, in the mercan- tile business at Atwood. He has a large and well-assorted stock of general merchandise, and, by fair and honest dealing, he has succeeded in building up a substantial trade. May 27, 1865, he married Amanda McCaus- laud, daughter of James McCauslaud, of Cow- aushannock township. To their union have been born seven children : Sarah, married to Samuel Cuddy, a carpenter of Pittsburgh ; Mary L., Samuel A., Porter D,, at home ; James M., died in 1873; Dorcas B. L., who died in 1876 ; and Reed A., who died in 1882. Politically, Mr. McLean is a republican and is now serving as justice of the peace, school director and councilman of the borough of At- wood. He is a member of the United Presby- terian church, of which he has been a trustee for several years. He is a member of Anderson Post, No. 149, Grand Army of the Republic, of Rural Valley. ANTHONY MONTGOMERY is a care- ful and prosperous farmer of South Bend township. The Montgomery family is of Irish descent. Anthony Montgomery's father was born in Ireland on May 10, 1790, and came from the Emerald Isle to Greensburg, West- moreland county, in 1800, near which he was en- gaged in farming until his death. He married a Miss Wood ward, daughter of Absalom Wood- ward. To their union were born nine childi'en, of whom six are living, four sons and two daughters. Two of these children are Isabella C. and Anthony, the subject of this sketch. Anthony Montgomery was reared on his father's farm, and attended the subscription schools of South Bend township. He has been a fiirmer all his life, and by patient toil and frugality has established himself in comfortal)Ic circumstances. He owns a one-half interest in the homestead, of one hundred and eighty acres, which is well cultivated. He and his sister Lsabella live in the old homestead farm- house. He manages his farm very successfully and raises considerable stock. He makes a specialty of fine horses. Isabella Montgomery owns one-half of the homestead farm, which is cultivated by her brother Anthony. She is a woman of consid- erable business tact, and has accumulated suffi- cient means to be able to live in comfort. She 556 BIOGRAPHIES OF takes an active interest in all matters affecting the community in which she resides. SMITH NEAL, one of the largest land- holders of eastern Armstrong county, and a prominent and influential member of the United Presbyterian church in Cowanshannock township, was born in Butler county, Pa., January 25, 1822, and is a son of Robert and Sarah (Love) Neal. The Neal family is of Ger- man descent, and one of its members, Henry Neal (great-grandfather), was a farmer in the Cum- berland Valley, who had three brothers who served in the Colonial army in the Revolu- tion, and were all killed in the battle of Bran- dy wine. He married a Miss Smith, by whom he had three sons : William, who settled in Armstrong county ; John, who became a farmer in Butler county, and Smith Neal (grandfather), who was born March 5, 1764, in the Cumber- land Valley, from whence he removed to Butler county. He enlisted in the Colonial array during the Revolution and served one day. He was also a soldier during the war of 18 12, and the gun that he carried has been preserved in the family, and is now in the possession of his grandson and namesake, the subject of this sketch. In 1833, Smith Neal removed to Armstrong county, where he purchased a farm, which he cultivated until his death, August 5, 1863, when he was in the one hundredth year of his age. He was a millwright by trade, a whig in politics, and a member of the Secetler chui-ch. He married Sarah Cochran, and they had one son, Robert Neal (father), who was born July 5, 1795. Robert Neal was a farmer of Butler county until 1834, when he bought a farm in Arm- strong county. He was a member of the Seceder church until his death, December 24, 1863. He was a whig and afterwards a repub- lican ; was the first inspector of elections in his township. He married Sarah Love, by whom he had five children, three sons and two daughters : William H., married Eliza Stuchel, and resides near Marion ; Rosetta P., wife of Thomas H. Marshall, a merchant and farmer of Dayton ; Alexander, who went to California ; Neal, and Mary J. (deceased), who married James Hanagan, and after his death marri«l James Temple, of Iowa. Smith Neal was reared on his father's farm, attended the subscription schools of his neigh- borhood, and has been engaged in farming ever since leaving school. Besides his Cowanshan- nock township farm of two hundred acres, he also owns the home farm of five hundred acres. On May 25, 1847, he married Margaret Sloan, a daughter of Samuel and Nancy Sloan, old settlers of Plum Creek township. To Mr. and Mrs. Neal have been born five children, one I son and four daughters : Nancy J., now living in Philadelphia ; Amanda, wife of John.son Irwin, a carpenter of Denver, Colorado; and j Sarah, wife of Samuel Burus, a farmer of I Cowanshannock township ; Margaret and Alex- ander, who are both dead. Mrs. Neal passed away March 17, 1861, at thirty-nine years of age. On April 10, 1862, Mr. Neal married as liis .second wife, Caroline Jewert, a daughter of Alexander and Jane (Hickenlooper) Jewert, of Plum Creek township. To this second union were born six children, two sons and four daughters : Loella R., married J. P. Beyer, and after his death became the wife of A. M. Hines, a resident of Harrisburg, and a con- ductor on the main line of the Pennsylvania railroad; L. Adda, wife of John Downey, of New Brighton, who is the inventor of the "Keystone Driller" and a steam-pump; Al- don, married Maggie J. Rankin, and has one child ; Smith, Robert E., Mattie V. and Alice L. In politics, Smith Neal is a republican, and has held various township offices. He and his whole family are members of the United Pres- byterian church, of which he has been an elder for at least fifteen years. He represented the ARMSTRONG COUNTY. 557 Brookville Presbytery in the General Assembly of the United Presbyterian church, held in Philadelphia in 1887. JOHN M. PETTIGREW, M.D., a skillful *-' and successful physician of Rural Valley and eastern Armstrong county, is a son of Mat- Uiew and Jane (Windrem) Pettigrew, and was born in Indiana county, Pennsylvania^ Feb- ruary 28, 1835. The Pettigrews are of Irish descent and John Pettigrew (grandfather) was a farmer in Ireland. His son, Matthew Petti- grew (father), was born in 1801 and settled, when a young man, in Plum creek township, Armstrong county, where he was engaged in farming until his death. He died in 1887, when he was in the eighty-sixth year of his age. He was a democrat in politics, and a member of the Presbyterian church and marrietl Jane Windrem, a daughter of James Windrem, a democrat and presbyterian of Plum Creek township, who was also a native of Ireland. Matthew Pettigrew had seven children, of whom the following five are living: Dr. John M., Sarah, widow of James Sturgeon, and a resident of Elderton ; James W., residing on the homestead farm in Plum Creek township; Martha, wife of Josiah Shoemaker, a farmer of Kiskiminetas township ; and Dr. Samuel H., a graduate of Jefferson Medical college and a practicing physician at Du Bois, Pa. j John M. Pettigrew was reared on his father's I farm, attended the common schools of his native township and Glade Run academy and read medicine with Dr. T. H. Allison, of Elderton. He entered the National Medical college of Washington, D. C, from which he was grad- j nated in the class of 1860. He returned to his native State and after practicing at Elderton, Armstrong county, for some time, came to Rural Valley, where he has residetl in tiie active practice of his profession ever since. He has a arge and extensive practice which extends into the edge of Indiana county. He has prospered materially and now owns some seven hundred acres of well cultivated land in Cowanshannock and adjoining townships. He raises some very fine blooded horses and cattle, and full-blooded merino sheep, and makes a specialty of Jersey cattle and Dolphin and Hambletoniau hoi'ses. He also has an interest in a lumber company. On February 20, 186.3, he married Coreth, born May 17, 1831; and Samuel, born March 12, 1834. Mrs. Shoemaker's father, (xcorge Rose (maternal grandfather), was born near Murraysville, Westmoreland county, and was a farmer and hotel-keeper. Philip Shoe- maker was reared on his father's farm and attended the subscription schools of his day. He then engaged in farming, which he has followed ever since, excepting a few years, during which time he operated a .saw-mill. In 1851 he pur- chased the farm of two hundred acres of land on which he has since made his home. His farm is underlaid with .several workable veins of good coal. He married Salome L. Schoefner, a daughter of Henry Schoefner, a native of Switzerland, who came with his father to Lycoming county, when he was thirteen years of age, and who afterwards removed to Clarion county and then to Jefferson county, where he died. To Mr. and Mrs. Shoemaker have been born ten chil- dren, eight sons and two daughters : Jeremiah, born November 5, 1852, and was a farmer in Illinois when he died ; Margarite, born Jan- uary 16, 1854, and wife of Samuel Lenkerd, a farmer of Red Bank township ; Ross, born August 20, 1855, married Lottie Mowry and is a farmer of Mahoning township ; Monroe, born April 9, 1859, and married Jane Prosious; Mary Elleu, wife of Christopher Kinimel, a farmer of this county ; Anderson, born January 19, 1861, and now dead; Ezra, born February 20, 1863, married Mary Meyers (now deceased), and lives on his father's farm ; Murray, born June 10, 1865; Isaiah, born April 22, 1867, and now dead ; and Adam, born April 30, 1868, and married to Siseye Anthony. 578 SI06RAPHIES OF In politics, Philip Shoemaker is a stanch re- publican, and at present is overseer of the poor of Mahoning township. He is a deacon of the German Baptist church, of which he and his whole family are members. JOHN L. STOCKDILL, one of the young and progressive farmers of Mahoning township, is a son of George and Martha E (Foster) Stockdill, and was born in what is known as " The Cove," in Mahoning town- ship, Armstrong county, Pennsylvania, April 15, 1861. George Stockdill, Sr. (grandfather), was born in Ireland in 1784, from which he emigrated to eastern Pennsylvania in June of 1822, and landed at Kittanning and moved to Franklin, Pa., which lie soon left and came to ]\Iahoning township in 1828, where he pur- chased the farm on which his grandson, the snbject of this sketch, now resides. He owned one hundred and three acres of land, was a whig in politics and a member of the Protestant Episcopal church. He married Margaret Clark on March 16, 1809. She died Jan. 9, 1871. When he died, July 9, 1857, he left a widow and five sons and four daugh- ters. One of these sons, George Stockdill (father), was born on his father's farm, " The Cove," June 26, 1827, and lived on the old homestead until his death, which occurred May 9, 1872, when he was in the forty-fifth year of his age. He was a farmer by occupation and owned a farm of two hundred and thirteen acres of land, upon which he !)uilt(1859) tiie large brick house which is now occupied by his son, John L. He was a republican in politics, and a member of the Protestant Episcopal church. He married Martha E. Foster, and to their union were born seven children : Margaret C, Nov. 25, 1849, died Aug. 21, 1861 ; Mary J., wife of Milton Spence, a farmer of Wayne township, who was born Sept. 30, 1867 ; Margaret F. was born Dec. 11, 1856, and mar- ried Rev. Joseph Calhoun, a Presbyterian min- ister of Slate Lick; Jolin L. and George, who died in 1869. Mrs. Stockdill was a daughter of Thomas Foster (maternal grandfather), who was born in Ireland, from whence he emigrated to Pennsylvania, and settled at Kittanning where he purchased the farm upon which Joseph Stockdill now lives. He was a member of the Protestant Ejiiscopal church and married to Catharine McCauley by whom he had eight children, four sons and four daughters. John L. Stockdill was reared on his father's farm, received his education in the common schools of Mahoning township and the acade- mies at Oakland and Glade Run. Leaving school, he taught one term and then engaged in farming on the old homestead, which he now owns. He raises good crops and makes a specialty of fine stock. On September 26, 1882, he united in mar- riage with Annie O. Alcorn, daughter of Thomas Alcorn, a farmer of Wayne township. To their union have been born two children, one of which died in infancy, and Thomas M., Feb- ruary 18, 1888. John L. Stockdill is a republican in politics and is a member of the Presbyterian church. He is reliable, industrious and energetic. ROBERT M. TAYLOR, a gentleman of con- siderable mercantile experience, and an energetic and competent business man and suc- cessful merchant of Hovey township, is a son of James and Nancy (McMurry) Taylor, and was born on the old homestead farm in county Down, Ireland, June 13, 1848. His fiither, James Taylor, was born in 1800, in county Down, Ireland, where he was a farmer all his life, and where he died, in 1884, at the ad- vanced age of eighty-four years. He was a member of the Episcopal church. He married Nancy McMurry, who is now residing at her ARMSTRONG COUNTY. 679 home in her native county (Down), in the eighty-fifth year of her age. Robert M. Taylor was reared on his father's farm in Ireland, and received his education in the excellent schools of his native county. In 1870, at the age of twenty-two, he came to the United States and located where he now resides. In the same year he became a clerk in the gene- ral mercantile store of his brother-in-law, J. A. Morgan, with whom he remained for six years. At the end of that time he entered DuflF's Bus- iness college, of Pittsburgh, at which he was a student for two months, and afterwards was engaged for two months as an assistant teacher in that useful business institution. He then re- turned to Hovey township, where he was en- gaged in the oil business for two years, after- wards working for four years in the Parker City glass factory as a mixer. In September, 1884, he opened his present mercantile establishment, opposite Foxburg, Clarion county, this State, where he has been successfully engaged ever since in the mercantile business. His store is filled with an ample stock of general merchan- dise, and he has succeeded in establishing a good and paying trade. His goods are first-class in quality, reasonable in price and varied in assort- ment to suit the wants of his many patrons. In 1887 Mr. Taylor was married to Rosetta Taylor, daughter of Robert Taylor, of Ireland. Their union has been blest with three children, two sons and one daughter : William E., Mary A. and Samuel J. R. M. Taylor is a republican in politics and a prohibitionist on the liquor question, and has served as school director of his township. He is a member and also an elder of the Presby- terian church of Parker City, and a member of the United Friends. GEORGE M. TIBBLES. One who has had a wide and successful exprience in the great oil industry of Pennsylvania is the gen- tleman whose name heads this sketch. George M. Tibbies is a son of Gustavus and Amanda (Morehead) Tiljbles, and was born at Pompey, Onondaga county. New York, April 31, 1842. His grandfather. Dr. Tibbies, was born in Connecticut, and removed to Pompey, where he practiced medicine for many years. He was a Presbyterian, had held all the offices of his church, and diepent two and one-half years in learning the trade of coach-builder and wagon- maker, at which he worked for twelve years. On December 27, 1860, he married Mary Bair, daughter of Henry Bair, of Allegheny township, Westmoreland county. They have six children : Adina J., Margaret C, Franklin R., Daniel L., John B., and ]Mary E. The oldest four were born in Westmoreland county. Pa., and the youngest two in Armstrong county, Pa. In 1864 he bought a saw-mill on Chartiers creek, which he operated for five years. He then (1869) purchased a farm of one hundred and thirty-four acres in West Franklin town- ship, Armstrong county, Pa., which he has culti- vated ever since. He also purchased a steam ARMSTRONG COUNTY. 599 thresher and saw-mill, which he has operated with good success. John Hawk is an iufliieutial member of the Evangelical Lutheran church of W orthington, and in 1864 and 18(35 built the present house of worship of that denomination in Lower Burrell township, in Westmoreland county. Mr. Hawk is a prominent democrat in his township, has served as a member of the school board, and has always been watchfid of the interests and progress of our public schools. JAMES S. JACK, a succe.ssful farmer and stock-dealer of North Buflalo township, is a son of James and Sarah (Douze) Jack, and was born in North Buffalo township, Armstrong county, Pa., April 25, 1846. The Jack fam- ily is of Irish origin, and James Jack, Sr. (grandl'ather), came to Armstrong I'ounty about 1800. He took up a farm in Sugar Creek township, which he tilled until his death. He was an old-line whig, married, and had three children : Samuel, James, Jr., and Washington, all of whom are dead. James Jack (father) was born in 1811, in North Buffalo township, and was a farmer in that township, where he took pride in the fine condition of his farm. In politics he was a whig and republican. He was an active member of the Baptist church at North Buflalo, and married Sarah Douze, by whom he had seven children, four sons and three daughters, of whom five are : George, Margaret, Sarah A., Emma and James S. Mrs. Jack died in 1847, and her remains were in- terred in Slate Lick cemetery. Her father, a Mr. Douze (maternal grandfather), who settled near Slate Lick, was a native of France. He married and had two children, Sarah and George, neither of whom are living. After the death of his first wife, James Jack married, in 1849, Sarah Wilson, who is still living. Mr. Jack died in October, 1865. James S. Jack grew to manhowl on the farm, and attended the common schools of his native township. He commenced life for himself as a farmer, but soon engaged in stock-dealing, and has driven a considerable amount of stock to the Allegheny stock -yards. He owns a farm of forty acres, and in May, 1890, opened a general store at North Buffalo, where he carries a stock of goods worth three thousand dollars, and has a good trade which is constantly increasing. On the 24tii of February, 1864, he enlisted under Captain Kiskaddeu in Co. L, 14th Pa. Cavalry, for three years, and participated in the battles of Fredericksburg, Winchester and Fisher Hill, as well as in many severe skir- mishes. On December 9, 1869, he married Mary E. Bruner, daug-hter of Samuel B. Bruner, a farmer of North Buffalo township, and to their union have been born nine children, of whom six are living : Clara E., married to Grant Claypole ; Harvey S., Milton, William, Charles N. (deceased) ; Anna M., Curtis E. (deceased) ; Anna (dead), and Maud R. In politics, James S. Jack is a stanch repub- lican, and during the past nine years has held the offices of tax collector and constable of his township. He is a member of the Baptist church at North Buflalo, and for two years has been one of its trustees. He is a member of Post No. 422, G. A. R., at Slate Lick, and of Council No. 337, Junior Order United Ameri- can Mechanics, at the same place. JESSE H. KING, M.D., one of the active and progressive young physicians of Worthingtou and the western part of the coun- ty, is a son of John and Christina (Wolf) King, and was born at Cochran's Mills, in Armstrong county, Pennsylvania, Novemlier 30, 1861. The King family is of German descent, and John King, Sr. (grandfather), was a native of Armstrong county, where he engaged in farm- ing until his death. One of his sons, John 600 BIOORAPHIES OF King (father), was born in 1817, in Armstrong county, where he has always resided. He is a farmer and raises some stock and quite a num- ber of horses. He is a republican in politics, a deacon in the Evangelical Lutheran church, of which both he and his wife are esteemed mem- bers, and is a man who attends strictly to his own business affairs. He married Christina Wolf, who was born in Armstrong county in 1822, and is a daughter of a Mr. Wolf, who was a prosperous farmer and well-respected citizen. Jesse H. King was reared on his father's farm, and received his literary education in the com- mon schools. New York High school and Theil college, in Mercer county. Leaving school, he studied medicine under Dr. J. W. McKee, at Cochran's Mills, and after completing tlie re- quired course of reading, he entered the western Pennsylvania Medical college, of Pittsburgh, from which he was graduated in tlie class of 1887. In August of that year he came to Worthington, where he has been successful in gaining a good practice, which promises to be- come large and extensive at no distant day in the future. Dr. King is a member of the alumni associ- ation of the Western Pennsylvania Medical college, and in politics supports the Republican party. Soon after coming to Worthington he was elected auditor of the borough, which position he still holds. ROBERT LARDIN, who was for over fifty years a prominent member and active worker of North Buffalo Methodist Episcopal church, and a leading prohibitionist of his township, is a son of Thomas and Christina (Harsh) Lardin, and was born in Butler county, Pennsylvania, July 5, 1810. The Lardin family is of Irish descent, and Thomas Lardin was born in Ireland, from whence he emigrated to Pennsylvania and settled in Lancaster county. He afterwards, about the year 1795, removed to Butler county, where he engaged in farming and stock-dealing. He served as a soldier in the Uni- ted States army during the war of 1812, was a whig in politics and married Christina Harsh. To their union were born eleven children, seven sons and four daughters: Catherine, Mary, Thomas, John, Jane, Daniel, James, William, Robert, Joseph and Margaret. Robert Lardin grew to manhood on his father's farm, received a practical English edu- cation and has been engaged in farming ever since attaining his majority. On January 8, 1833, he married Hannah Pugh, daughter of John Pugh. To their union have been born eight children, two sous and six daughters : JoJin, born November 6, 1833, married a Miss Whitcraft and is dead; Elizabeth, born August 28, 1835, married to a Mr. Sassy, and after his death to William Deany; Mary, born July 29, 1837, and died September 5, 1842; Nancy, born November 18, 1839, and died September 1, 1842; Marga- ret, born March 18, 1842, and married to T. Frazier; Sarah, born July 22, 1844, married to Charles Sipher, and is dead ; Phoebe, born March 19, 1847, and Robert F., born June 23, 1851, and married Mary Green. Mrs. Lardin died February 28, 1853, and for his second wife Mr. Lardin married Mary A. Drane, on April 24, 1855. To this second union have been born seven children, of whom four are: Daniel H., born January 28, 185G, and mar- ried a Miss Doty ; Mary I., born September 28, 1860, and wife of Robert Boney ; Lois M., born August 24, 1867, and married to David Bissett, and William B., born February 18, 1870. In politics, Robert Lardin is an enthusiastic prohibitionist. He is a member of the Method- ist Episcopal church at North Buffalo, and at the time of its erection, in 1876, held the office of steward and class leader in that church. ARMSTRONG COUNTY. 601 WILLIAM H. LEARD, merchant and justice of the peace of Ciaigsville, is a member of a family well kuowu for its business ability and moral standing. He is a son of Christopher and Margaret (Shields) Leard, and was born in West Franklin township, Arm- strong county, Pennsylvania, July 17, 1846. The Leard family is of Scotch descent, and Thomas Leard (grandfather) came from the north of Scotland to the United States when he was si.xteen years of age, and settled in what is now East Franklin township. He was a member of the Presbyterian church until his death, which occurred in 1875, when he was in the eighty-eighth year of his age. His son, Christopher Leard (father), was born in 1823, and for a number of years was a farmer in West Franklin township, where he still owns about one hundred and eighty acres of land, which is divided into two farms. In January, 1872, he moved to Craigsville and formed a partnership with his two sous, William H. and Joseph S., under the firm-name of Leard & Sons. In 1888 he withdrew from active business pursuits, and since that time has lived a retired life. He is a member of the Presby- terian church, and a republican in politics, and has held nearly all the township's offices. He married Margaret Shields, who was born in In- diana county in 1821 and is an esteemed member of the Presbyterian church. William H. Leard was reared on his father's farm, and attended the public schools of West Franklin township and Elder's Ridge academy. He also took a course in the Iron City Business college, and at twenty years of age entered the employ of Messrs. Campbell Bros., railroad contractors of Altoona, Pa., as a clerk, but was soon promoted to " walking boss," which posi- tion he held for several yeai-s. January 1, 1872, he became a member of the mercantile firm of Leard & Sons, of Craigsville. In 1881 Joseph S. Leard withdrew from the firm, and the firm-name became Leard & Sou. In 1888 his father retired. He has fine and com- modious sales-rooms and keeps a large and com- plete stock of dry-goods, groceries, clothing, hardware and drugs, which are carefully se- lected to meet the wants of his numerous patrons. He has an intere.st in the flouring- mill at Craigsville, where he is agent for the New England Accident insurance company. On May 2, 1872, he married Margaret E. Foster, (laughter of William A. Foster, of Sugar Creek township. They have three children : Otto R., Royal Boyd and Christo- pher K. Politically, Mr. Leard is a stanch republican, and has at various times filled most of the township offices. In 1872 he was appointed postmaster of Craigsville, which position he resigued, when he was elected justice of the peace of West Franklin township in 1879. At the end of his term as magistrate he was re- elected and has served ever since. He is a member of Craigsville Council, No. 11 92, Royal Arcanum, and a member and elder of the Pres- byterian church of Worthington, of whose Sunday-school he has served as superintendent for some ten years (at different times). He is methodical and exact in his methods and prompt in the disposition of all his legal and business matters. As a justice he is well-liked, as a business man stands higii, and as a citizen com- mands the respect of his community. JOHN K. MAXWELL, M.D., of Worth- ^ ington, has been for the last thirty-five years a well-known and prominent physician of Armstrong and Butler counties. He is a son of Robert and Jane (Kelley) Maxwell, and was born near the present site of Strattouville, Clarion county, Pennsylvania, October 25, 1825. The Maxwell family of Armstrong county is of Scotch-Irish descent, and the Max- well coat-of-arms is a boar's head, the origin of v.'hich is traced back to an early period in the 602 BIOGRAPHIES OF history of Scotland, when a king of that coun- try, being annoyed by the ravages of a very large and fierce boar in one part of his kingdom, declared that the honor of knighthood should be conferred upon the one who would kill the boar, and a Maxwell having succeeded in kill- ing the dangerous animal, was knighted and received as his coat-of-arms a boar's head. Dr. Maxwell I'epudiates this tradition, and is of opinion that the coat-of-arms has reference to the pig-headedness so notorious in the whole family. Robert Maxwell (father) was born March 17, 1767, in Franklin county, Pennsyl- vania, but went when a mere child with his father to Mifflin county, where he afterwards purchased the land on which Lewistown is now built. In 1792 he removed to Clearfield coun- ty, where he built a shanty on the present site of Clearfield, Pa., and was employed by the Baring Bros. (English capitalists) to survey the "Bingham Lands," an extensive body of land which they owned in that section of the coun- ty. He carried a rifle with his compass, and employed Indians to carry the chain, as there were no white settlers within forty miles of his location. He afterwards settled in Clarion county, where he died on St. Patrick's day, 1845 (it being his .seventy-eighth birthday). He and his wife were members of the Presbyterian church. He married Jane Kelley, who was born in Penu's Valley, Centre county, in 1780, and died in 1847. Her father, Edward Kelley (maternal grandfather), was a Revolutionary soldier, and seven brothers of Dr. Maxwell's maternal grandmother were starved to death on a British prison ship on the Delaware river. Dr. Maxwell grew to manhood near the place of his birth and received a good practical business education. At the age of twenty-one years he was appointed county surveyor of Clarion county, and in the same year (1845) commenced to read medicine with Dr. James Ross, of Clarion, Pa. When he completed the required course of reading he entered the medical de- partment of the University of Pennsylvania, from which he was graduated. In 1855 he came to Worthington, where he practiced until March 3, 1863, when he enlisted in the Union army and was appointed assistant surgeon of the 45th regiment. Pa. Vols. He served until August 31, 1864, was discharged on accouut of physical disability and returned to Worthing- ton. After having partly regained his health he resumed the practice of his profession, in which he has continued ever since. In 1874 he removed from Worthington' to one of his farms in West Franklin township, where he now re- sides. His field of practice embraces the west- ern part of Armstrong and the eastern part of Butler counties, and he has frequently ridden for two weeks at a time with neither rest nor sleep. His ability and skill have secured for him the extensive practice which he enjoy.s, while his integrity as a man and his usefulness as a citizen have won him the respect and es- teem of all who know him. • He owns about two hundred and eighty acres of land in West Franklin township and makes a specialty of raising fine stock. In 1848 Dr. Maxwell married Hannah Lo- baugh, who was a daughter of John Lobaugh, of Clarion county. She died in 1871, and in 1872 he married Mrs. Nannie (Huston) Cowan, of this county. To this second union have been born five children, four sons and one daughter : William H., John R., Thomas McC, Robert C. and Jennie C. Dr. John K. Maxwell is a member of the Presbyterian church and is a Free and Accepted Mason. He is a pronounced republican in pol- itics, has held at diff'erent times the various borough ofiices of Worthington as well as filling some of the offices of West Franklin township. Dr. Maxwell has always been devoted to his profession, in which he has attained high and honorable .standing. He is a member of the Armstrong County Medical society and the State Medical society of Pennsylvania. ARMSTRONG COUNTY. 603 JAMES OBEY, a resident of North Buffiilo township and an old and experienced engineer, is a son of John D. and Saraii (Benney) Obey, and was born in Pittsburgh, Allegheny county, Pennsylvania, July 4, 1827. The Obey family is of German descent and one of its members, the grandfather of James Obey, was born in Baden, Germany, from whence he emi- grated to France, which he left on account of his religion and came to the United States in 1820. He settled in Pittsburgh, Pa., where he lived a retired life. He was a whig in politics, a member of the Protestant Episco- pal church and married Mary Shatter, by whom he had two children, one son and one daughter. His son, John D. Obey (father), was born in Baden, and came to Pittsburgh with his iather. He served in the " Pittsburgh Blues" and participated in the battle of the Cowpens. He was a butcher by trade, but kept a hotel in Pittsburgh for a number of years and for seven years was landlord of a hotel at one end of the bridge over the Monongahcla river. He was a whig in politics, a member of the Protestant Episcopal church and married Sarah Benney. To their union were born ten children : Mary (now deceased) ; Nancy, John (deceased); Jane (deceased) ; James, William (deceased) ; Sarah, Catherine, I^ucy and Edward (deceased). Mrs. Obey was a daughter of John Benney (maternal grandfather), who was born in 1770 in Scotland. He came to Pennsylvania in 1794 and settled on Sandy creek. He was a cabinet- maker by trade, a whig in politics, a member of the Methodist Episcojial church, and married Nancy Wyburn, who bore him five children, two sons and three daughters. James Obey was rearetl in Pittsburgh, and after attending the public schools of that city, learned the trade of engine-builder. He worked at different branches of this business and then became a steamboat engineer on boats running from Pittsburgh to New Orleans. Leaving the river, lie was a rolling-mill engineer for tweuty- 36 . two years. In 1860 he removed to Armstrong county and purchased in North Buffalo town- ship the farm of one hundred and fifteen acres upon which he now resides. July 15, 1847, he married Mary A. Berry, daughter of Jose])h Berry, of Pittsburgh, and a native of south Wales, who came with her parents t« Pennsylvania in 1838. She was born April 28, 1831, and died October 26, 1877, leaving five children, all daughters: Anna M,, born June 23, 1850, married to Robert Hod- son; Sarah B., born November 6, 1852, and wife of George Davis; Laura E.,born Septem- ber 15, 1854, and wife of W. A. Nicholson; Mary E., born Jainiary 25, 1862, and married to George Evans ; and Lucy M., born March 24, 1806, and now the wife of J. R. Campbell. In politics, James Obey is a stanch repub- lican. He was elected treasurer of the city of Pittsburgh in 1863, and a member of the city council in 1863 and 1864. He is a member, in high standing, of St. Clair Lodge, No. 362, Free and Accepted Masons, of Pittsburgh. He is a member of the Main street Methodist Epis- copal church of Pittsburgh, and is thoroughly versed in the principles of engineering, as well as having years of valuable experience in the practice of that science on the western waters and in the great iron mills of western Pennsylvania. JOHN M. WILLIAMS, postmaster and pro- " prietor of the leading drug store at Worth- ington, in West Franklin township, is a son of Jeffei-son F. and Eliza J. (Huston) Williams, and was born in Manor township, Armstrong county, Pennsylvania, May 31, 1858. The Williainses are of Scotch descent. John Williams (grandfather) was born in the western part of Pennsylvania, from whence he removed in early life to Manor township, where he engaged in farming until the late war, when he enlisted in a regiment of Pa. Vols., and died in the service during the fall of 1864. Four of his sons also 604 BIOGRAPHIES OF ABMSTRONO COUNTY. served iu the Union army, and one of them, Jefferson F. Williams (father), was born in Manor township, this county, iu 1830. He followed farming until the fall of 1864, when he enlisted in the 5th Pa. Heavy Artillery, and died at Fort Reno in December, 1864, of ty- phoid fever, at the early age of thirty-four years. He was a member of the Evangelical Lutheran church, and a man who was respected by his neighbors and all who knew him. He married Eliza J. Huston, a native of what is now East Franklin township. After his death she mar- ried J. F. Irwin aud now resides at Grove City, Mercer county, where she is a member of the Presbyterian church. John M. Williams wa.s reared on his father's farm uutil he was seven years of age, when he then accompanied his mother to Dayton, this county, where he attended the Soldiers' Orphans' school. He afterwards attended Glade Run academy, from which lie was graduated in the fall of 1878. Leaving school, he engaged in the planing-mill business at Dayton, which he followed until the full of 1884, when his mill was burned. While at Dayton he read medi- cine with the intention of attending lectures and practicing, but the loss of his mill compelled him to relinquish his medical studies, and in the spring of 1885 he engaged in the drug busi- ness at Elderton, where he remained until March, 1888. He then came to Worthington and opened his present drug store. He keeps a large and well-assorted stock of pure and fresh drug.s, standard proprietary medicines and choice toilet articles. In December, 1889, he was ap- pointed postma.ster of Worthington, which posi- tion he still holds. He united in marriage with Ida V. Hinder- liter, daughter of John Hinderliter, of Dayton. Their union has been blest with five children, four sons and one daughter : Arthur, Mark, Earl, Joseph and Eliza. John M. Williams is a republican in politics and has been elected school director of Worth- ington, of whose town council he is a member. He is a member of the Junior Oi'der of United American Mechanics and the Royal Arcanum. Mr. Williams gives close attention to the wants of his patrons, and by his medical knowledge is well-qualified to correctly and safely fill physician.?' prescriptions. He is industrious, painstaking aud active and enjoys a good trade. PARKS, BETHEL, GILPIN, BURRELL AND KISKIMINETAS TOWNSHIPS. HMoriecd and Descriptive. — These five town- ships are in the southern part of the county, and lie in the Barren measures, excepting the southeastern part of Kiskirainetas township, which contains a small area of the Pittsburgh coal bed, and the valleys of Roaring run in Kiskiminetas and Crooked creek in Burrcll township, which carry the Lower Productive coal measures. Parks Township. — Allegheny township, on December 26, 1878, passed from the map of Armstrong county, and in its place appeared the names of Parks, Bethel and Gilpin town- ships, which were formed from its territory. Conrad Weiser passed through Allegheny town- ship in 1748. There were several Indian towns on its territory, near the site of Leech- burg, and about the mouth of the Kiskiminetas, and several whites were killed in the township between 1785 and 1795. Crosbysburg was laid out about 1816, Jacksonville about 1828, and Kelly's Station was established June 14, 1860. Parks township was named in honor of the Parks family and contains some very fine farm- ing land. Bethel Township was organized on December 26, 1878, and was named after old Bethel church and school-house, which were on its territory. Bethel Lutheran church is two and one-half miles from Kelly's Sta'tion. Gilpin Township is the last of three town- ships into which Allegheny was divided, and derives its name from John Gilpin, of Kittan- ning, who, as an attorney, had assisted in the movement for the division of Allegheny into the three townships of Parks, Bethel and Gilpin. Kiskiminetas Township is named from the Kis- kiminetas river, which forms its southern bound- ary line, and was formed from Allegheny town- ship, June 19, 1832. The Indian town of Toquhesp was near the Northwest coal works and one and a quarter miles northeast of its site is the " Indian Spring," where on a large rock the Indians carved the rude figure of a medicine man, which is .still very legible, with the letters I O O II near the right arm. Among the early settlers between 1790 and 1800 were the Andersons, Kings, Waltenbanghs and Wolfs. There were eight salt works in the townsiiip in 1845. Kiskiminetas post-office was established in 1824, Spring Church in 1852, Long Run in 1857 and Shady Plain, March 2, 1867, with David D. P. Alexander as postmaster. Burrcll Township was formed in 1855 from Allegheny and Kittanning townships, and was named in honor of Judge J. M. Burrell, whose sketch appears in this volume. In 1811, Geo. Beck, Sr., had a powder-mill ; in 1812 a salt works was operated on the Hooversburg tract of laud, and in 1825, Frederick Altman es- tablished a plow manufacturing establishment. Williamsburg was laid out about 1819 by Wm. Fiscus, Sr., and the first post-office (Pitt's Mill) in the township was established June 16, 184-3. 605 60G BIOGRAPHIES OF The geological map of Armstrong county, published in 1880, unfortunately blends the coioring of the Lower Productive coal and the Pottsville conglomerate areas so as to almost make them indistinguishable from each other. As R. W. Smith's history gives so much of the local geology of the county, we have merely presented the general geological structure of each township, in regard to coal and lime. From all histories and historical sketches of the couuty and its different sections, we could gather but little concerning the early settlers, block-houses and Indian occupation of the country. We took special pains to secure the names of the settlers iu 1807 from the assess- ment lists of that year in which we preserved the spelling of the names as written on those lists. Six new townships had been formed in 1806, and in several instances the name of the same jterson undoubtedly appears upon two different assessment lists — one of his old town- ship and the other of his new township. Au exhaustive search back of 1807 to find the names of the pioneer settlers would require several years of time, and as all the assessment lists of Westmoreland county back of 1785 have been destroyed, a complete list could not then be secured. BIOGRAPHICAL. HPjNRY J. ALMS, now engaged in farming in Kiskiminetas township, is a man who owes all of his success in life to his own persist- ent efforts and great energy. He was born in Bell township, Westmoreland county, Pennsyl- vania, December (3, 1 820, and is a son of George W. and Elizabeth (Smeltzer) Alms. Tradition states that Rev. Andrew V. Alms (grandfather), with twelve other children, were stolen from a school in Germany and brought to America, where Andrew was sold to a man for a certain number of years. At the end of this time he enlisted in the Revolutionary army under Washington and served under him to the close of the war. He then bought a farm in West- moreland county, on Beaver run. He taught school and a singing-school and preached as a supply. He married a Miss Kunkle, of North- ampton county, by whom he had seven chil- dren : John, George W., Henry, Peter, Michael, Sarah and Catherine. He was a democrat, a member of the Lutheran church and died in 1825. Mrs. (Kuukle) Alms died in 1830. Jacob Smeltzer (maternal grandfather) was born east of the mountains. He came with his par- ents west of the mountains, where he and a play- mate were captured by the Indians, with whom they remained seven or eight years before being exchanged. The others of the family, except a younger brother, were massacred during an Indian raid. He .served under Washington in the Revolutionary war. He was a carpenter by trade and took up a tract of land near Perrysville. He married and had seven chil- dren : Jacob, Daniel, Polly, Katy, Elizabeth, Susan and Mattie. He died about 1830 and his wife in 1835. George W. Alms (father) was born iu Westmoreland county, on November 10, 1787. He was a blacksmith by trade, a member of the Lutheran church, in wliich he was chorister, a Jeffersonian democrat and served in the war of 1812. In 1809, he married Elizabeth Smeltzer, by whom he had nine children : Jacob, Mary A., Hannah, Su- sanna, Henry J., Andrew, George, Joseph and Margaret. George W. Alms died in 1859, at seventy-one years of age and his wife in 1878, aged ninety-two years. Henry J. Alms was reared in Westmoreland county, where he received the limited education of the old subscription schools of that day, but by reading and observation since leaving school, he has acquired a vast amount of information and Ls a well-informed man. Leaving school, he worked for ten years in coal-mines, was a boatman on the river for three years and then ARMSTRONG COUNTY. 607 learned the trade of blacksmith. In 1856 he came to Kiskiminetas township, where he pur- chased a farm of seventy acres near Maysville and followed blacksmithing until 1882, when he engaged in his present business of farming. On December 2, 1851, Mr. Alms united in marriage with Charlotte, daughter of John Shoup, of South Bend, and who was born June 19, 1836. Three children were born to Mr. and Airs. Alms : John G.,' born February 2, 1853 (dead); Abbie A., born June 26, 1854, wife of Reetl Walker ; and Charlotte E., born September 11, 1855 (dead). On February 5, 1856, Mrs. Alms died. September 15, 1857, he married for his second wife, Fannie, daughter of Jacob Kier, of Indiana county. Si.K chil- dren have blest this union : Nora, born March 21, 1859, wife of George Mack ; Harry, born September 22, 1860, married to Kate Ringer; Virginia, born September 8, 1862 ; Thomas, born June 1, 1865; Frank, born October 4, 1868 ; and Maud, born December 4, 1873. Henry J. Alms is a member of the Lutheran church, iu which he served as an elder for several years. He is a conservative democrat in politics, has held township offices and by honest, energetic and persistent labor has acquir- ed a competency. AMOS ALTMAN, one of Parksville's lead- ing merchants and business men, is a son of Isaac and Elizabeth Altman, and was born i in Burrell township, Armstrong county, Penn- sylvania, April 21, 1843. His paternal grand- • father, Frederick Altman, was born in Germany, from whicii country he emigrated to Pennsyl- vania, where he settled in Kittanning township. , He was a plowmaker by trade, and enjoyed the distinction of having made the first one-half patent plow lever manufactured iu western Pennsylvania. His son, Isaac Altman (father), was born in 1805, in Kittanning township (now Burrell), and learned the trade of carpenter and cabinet-maker, which he followed until his death, which occurred July 2, 1888. He was a republican in politics, and a deacon in St. Michael's Evangelical Lutheran church, of which both he and his wife were esteemed mem- bers. He married Elizaljeth Robb, who was born in 1822, in Kittanning township, and still resides on the old homestead, iu Burrell township. Amos Altman grew to manhood on his father's farm. He received his eduaition in the common schools, and leaving school, was esgaged in farming until 1864. In that year he enlisted iu Co. 15, 6tii Pennsylvania Heavy Artillery and served until June, 1865, when he was discharged at Ft. Ethau Allen, Vt., but was not mustcrwl out of the service until he reached Camp Howe, at Pittsburgh. Return- ing home, he followed farming until 1876, when he embarked iu the mercantile business at Cochran's Mills, in which he continued for seven years. In 1883 he removed to Parks- ville, where he opened his present general mer- cantile establishment. He has succeeded in build- ing up an extensive and profitable trade, and keeps an excellent stock of dry-goods, groceries, notions and hardware, together with everything else to be found in a first-class mercantile estab- lishment. In 1867 he married Mary M. Schall, daugh- ter of Michael Schall, of Burrell township, and to their union have been born six children, three sons and three daughters : Clara E., Su sauna E., Laura H., David C, Charles O. and Ralph W. Amos Altman is a democrat and has filled the township offices of auditor aud collector of taxes During Cleveland's administration he held the office of postmaster at Dime. He is a member of the Evangelical Lutheran church, the United Workmen and the People's Mutual Accident As- sociation. Mr. Altman served acceptably during his term as postmaster and is probably as well acquainted with all the people in his township 608 BIOGRAPHIES OF as any man in it. He is well and favorably known as a merchant. SAMUEL S. BLYHOLDER, an ex-State officer of the Patrons of Husbandry of Pennsylvania, and a justice of the peace and leading citizen of Gilpin township, is a son of John G. and Rachel (Bouch) Blyholder, and was boi'n in Allegheny (now Gilpin) township, Armstrong county, Pennsylvania, April 30, 1849. John G. Blyholder was born in 1806, in Germany, from whence he emigrated to Pennsylvania, in 1831, and settled at Greens- burg, in AVestmoreland county, where he en- gaged in farming. In 1842 became to Gilpin township, and lived as a tenant, and in 1859 j)iirchased the farm upon which the subject of this sketch now resides. He was a democrat in politics, filled various township offices, and was a member and one of the officers of tiie Evan- gelical Lutheran church until his death, which occurred in 1883, when he was in the seventy- second year of his age. He married Rachel Bouch, a member of the Evangelical Lutheran church, who was born in Armstrong county in 1817, and died August 30, 1890, at the age of seventy-three years. Samuel S. Blyholder was reared on his father's farm, in Gilpin township, attendetl the public schools and Irwin high school. He made a specialty of vocal music, which lie afterwards taught for ten years, although engaged at the same time in farming. In 1881 he embarked in the hardware business at Leechburg, but after his father's death, in 1883, he disposed of his mercantile establishment and jjurchased the homestead farm, where he has been engaged ever since in farming. His farm consists of one hundred and forty-seven acres of well-improved land. Among his farm machinery he has in- cluded a steam chopping mill. December 30, 1880, he married Annie D. Sweeney, daughter of William Sweeney, of West- moreland county. To their union have been born four children, two sons and two daughters : Orrin C, Elma M., Mary F. and Samuel W. Samuel S. Blyholder is a prominent demo- crat, has filled the offices of school director and township auditor, and is now serving his second term as justice of tlie peace. In 1878 he re- ceived the nomination of his party for member of the Pennsylvania House of Representatives, and although the county was republican by one tiiousand majority, he was beaten only by fifty- four votes. He is a deacon and trustee of the Evangelical Lutheran church. He is a member of Leechburg Lodge, Knights of Pythias, and Mt. Joy Grange, No. 537, Patrons of Husband- ry. In the last-named order he has held both county and State offices. He is also a member of the board of trustees of Theil college, of Greenville, Mercer county, and has for several years been a member of the committee on mis- sions, of the Pittsburgh Synod of tlie Lutheran church. Mr. Blyholder is a good neighbor, a popular citizen, an efficient public official and an earnest worker in lodge and church. He is a man of good judgment, clear perception and great determination, and it is a matter of no sur- prise that he has achieved success and occupies a prominent position in his township and county. GEORGE BOWMAN, a well-known and sub- stantial farmer of Gilpin township and a strong advocate of Jeffersonian democracy, is a son of Abraham and Frances (Rugh) Bow- man, and was born in Hempfield township, Westmoreland county, Pennsylvania, April 15, 1813. His paternal grandfather, Abraham Bowman, was born in Northumberland county and became an early settler of Westmore- land county, in which he resided until his death. He was a member of the Evangelical Lutheran church and married Frances Rugh, who was bora in Hempfield township, that county, and died in 1852. ARMSTRONG COUNTY. 609 George Bowman was reared on his father's farm at a time when farmers' sons had to en- counter many hardships. He received his edu- cation in the subscription schools of that period and then engaged in farming. In 1841 he re- moved to Gilpin township, where lie purcha.sed twenty-three acres of land, upon which he has resided ever tince. He also owns a valuable farm of one hundred and forty-two acres of good farming and grazing land, which is situ- ated in Parks township. In 1835 he married Sarah Turney, daughter of John Turney, of Gilpin township, and to their union have been born nine children, two sons and seven daughters : Margaret, Frances L., Hannah M., Lavina C, John P., Sarah A., George T., Lydia and Christy A. Mr. and Mrs. Bowman have sixty grandchildren and five great-grandchildren. George Bowman, his wife and all of his children are members of the Evangelical Luth- eran churcii. In politics, as in religion, Mr- Bowman's family is a unit, and all of his sons and sons-in-law follow in his footsteps and vote the democratic ticket. Mr. Bowman is an ac- tive worker in the democratic party and has served four terms as road supervisor of Gilpin township, and has also filled acceptably the office of school director. On July 4, 1890, the descendants of George Bowman and his esteemed wife gathered at the homestead and the seventy present represented four genera- tions, while the twelve who were absent were not forgotten in the pleasant and interesting ex- ercises of that long-to-be-remembered occasion. Mr. Bowman has never been idle during his long life and is always energetic and enthusiastic in whatever enterprise he engages. He is thorough-going and wields an influence in his community, in school, church and civil afiairs. WILLIAM T. CAROTHERS, a man of excellent character and high standing and au extensive farmer and stock-raiser of Kiski- minetas township, was born in Conemaugh township, Indiana county, Pennsylvania, Sep- tember 5, 1850, and is a son of James and Elizabeth (Henderson) Carotliers. His paternal grandfather Carotliers was born in the eastern part of Pennsylvania, came to Indiana county in the early part of the eighteenth century and settled along Black Legs creek. He was of Irish descent. He married Nancy Dickson, l)y whom he had seven children, three sons and four daughters : James (father), John, William D., Mary (Mrs. Black), Ciua (Jklrs. Crook- shanks), Eliza (Mrs. Lytic) and Martha (Mrs. Cravener). Robert Hendenson (maternal grandfather) was born in Ireland in 1782, came to America about 1805 and settled in Conemaugh townshi]), Indiana county. He bought a farm of one hundred and fifty acres, in the woods, which he cleared and improved. He was an industrious farmer and acquired con- siderable property. He served in the war of 1812 and was a democrat, but never aspire lie schools of Kiskiminetas township and Eld- er's Ridge academy. After leaving school he was engaged in farming for seven years and then became a contractor in the charcoal busi- ness at Apollo. He is now engagetl in the gas business and has leased a large amount of terri- 014 BIOGRAPHIES OF tory for the Pine Run Gas company. He owns a farm of tliree luindred acres of well-improved and very productive land. He enlisted in July, 1864, in a regiment of militia (100 days' men) from Pennsylvania, was at the burning of Chambersbnrg, and was discharged in JNoveni- ber of the same year. December 5, 1878, Mr. Guthrie united in marriage with Margaret, daughter of William McAdoo, of Kiskiminetas township, and their union has been blest with four children: John A., born August 25, 1879; Nancy T., born April 11, 1881 ; Margaret J., born January 15, 1884, and William J., born September 19, 1885. William C. Guthrie is a republican, but takes no active part in politics. He has served as school director for seven years and is a member of Boiling Springs Presbyterian church. He is a member of Lodge, No. 437, Free and Accept- ed Masons, and is also a Knight Templar in the Masonic fraternity. GIDEON HECKMAN, a respected citizen and prosperous farmer of Pai'ks town- ship, is one of the self-made men of this county, He is a son of Abraham and Esther (Klingen- smitli) Heckman, and was born in what is now (Hlpin township, Armstrong county, Pa., Feb- ruary 26, 1834. The Heckman family of Arm- strong county is of German origin, but its an- cestors for several generations have been natives of the United States. Philip Heckman (grand- father) was born in 1770, in Lancaster county, from whence he removed to Armstrong county, where he engaged in farming until his death, which occurred in 1839, in Gilpin township, at sixty- nine years of age. One of his sons, Abraham Heckman (father), was born in 1813, in West- ' moreland county, but removed to Armstrong county in 1815, where he has since been en- gaged in agricultural pursuits. He is now in the seventy-eighth year of his age and is an active man for his years. He is a member of the Evangelical Lutheran church, a strong demo- crat, and has filled various township offices. He marrieart of twenty-four hours. On May 5, 1864, he was wounded in the left hand by a musket-ball, at one of the Wilderness fights, and was sent to Lincoln Hos- pital, at Washington, where he remained until the following August. On December 24, 1864, he was discharged on account of disability, and has never recovered the use of his hand. After being discharged from the army, Mr. Klingen- smith was engaged in farming until 1874, when he opened his present store on the farm where he resides. In 1881 Dime post-office was estab- lished at Mr. Klingeusmith's store and he was appointed postmaster. He served as such until February, 1886, when a democrat was appoint- ed, but in 1889 he succeeded his democratic friend and has served as postmaster until the present time. Besides his home farm of fifty-six acres, he owns two other farms, one of ninety- eight acres lying in Parks town.ship, and the other of one hundred and eighty acres in Kis- kiminetas township. Two hundred and .seventy acres of his land is underlaid with a vein of coal four feet ten inches thick. In 1866 he married LucindaKnappenbarger, daughter of John Knappenbarger. They have eight children, three sons and five daughters : Mary A., John A., who married Lavina Brown and resides with his father; Wm. F., Nancy B., Susan M., Olive L., Josiah W., and S. Myrna. Josiah W. Klingensmith is an active repub- lican and was elected assessor of Parks town- ship when it was formed. He is a member of the Boiling Springs Evangelical Lutheran church and for sixteen years was a member of the church council. Mr. Klingensmith com- menced life for himself with nothing in the shape of money or land, and has honestly ac- quired all of his means by his own hard work and good management. ARMSTRONG COUNTY. C2I WILLIAM K. KUHNS, who is a com- fortably situated farmer of Gilpin town- ship, served during the late war as a soldier in the 6th Pa. Heavy Artillery. He is a son of David and Hattie (Stack) Kuhps, and was born on the farm on which he now resides in Gilpin township, Armstrong county, Pennsylvatiia, September 19, 1839. The Kuhns family is of German descent, and David Kuhus (father) was a native of Westmoreland county and came to Gilpin township, where he purchased a farm. He was extensively engaged in farming until his death, which occurred in the fall of 1803. He was a member of the Evangelical Lutheran church and was one of the founders of the church of that denomination at Leeehburg, in which he held the offices of deacon and elder at various times. In politics, he was a whig until 1856, when he became a republican. He married Hattie Steck, a lutheran and native of Westmoreland county. William K. Kuhns was reared in his native township, where he received a good common- school education. Leaving school, he engaged in his present business of farming. He owns the homestead farm of one hundred and six acres, in the cultivation of which he takes great pride. In 1864 he enlisted in the 6th Pa. Heavy Artillery, and served until the close of the war when he was honorably discharged at Fort Ethan Allen. In 1861 he married Susan Townsend, daugh- ter of Isaac Townsend, of Westmoreland county. They are the parents of four children : Mary E., Hattie H., Emma R. and Louis M. William K. Kuhns is a member of the Evan- gelical Lutheran church of Leeehburg, in which he has served for some years as a deacon. In politics he is a republican. Mr. Kuhns spends most of his time in the cultivation and impi'ovement of his farm. He also raises some stock and has made considerable improvements on his land. He is one of the reliable and trustworthy citizens of his township. ZACHARIAH T. LESSIG, one of the steady and industrious tradesmen and farmers of Gilpin township, is a son of Squire Joseph and Christina (Klingensmith) Lessig, and was born in Gilpin township, Armstrong county, Pennsylvania, March 14, 1859. The Lessig family is of German descent. Squire Joseph Lessig (father) was born in 1814, in Westmoreland county, but removed to Arm- strong county, where he followed his trade of house carpenter until his death, which occurred in 1886, when he was in the seventy-third year of his age. He was a member of the Evan- gelical Lutheran church, an active supporter of the principles of the Democratic party, and for nearly fifteen years held the office of justice of the peace of Gilpin township. He owned a good farm, which he tilled for several years previous to his death. He married Christina Klingensmith, who was born in 1824 in what is now Gilpin township (then Allegheny). Mrs. Christina (Klingensmith) Lessig was a con- sistent member of the Evangelical Lutheran church and passed away in 1886, at sixty-two years of age. Zachariah T. Lessig was reared in Gilpin township, where he received a common-school education, and under his father's instructions learned the trade of carpenter, which he has followed ever since. He owns the old home- stead, upon which he resides, and a portable saw- mill, which he runs during the winterseason. In 1876 he married Polly J. Small, daugh- ter of Philip Sraail, ot Bethel township. Their union has been blessed with six children, two sons and four daughters : Herman E., Alfred O., Ella C, Maggie, Hally A. and Emma J. Zachariah T. Lessig is a pronounced demo- crat in political opinion and holds the offices of constable and auditor of Gilpin township. He is a member of the Evangelical Lutheran church, of which he is a trustee. He is a mem- ber of the Patrons of Husbandry, and takes an interest in every movement calculated to benefit 022 BIOGRAPHIES OF the farmers as a class or to iucrease the produc- tions of the soil. TAMES McADOO, who has been in the mer- ^ cautile business continuously for twenty- one years, is the leading merchant of Maysville. He was born near the old steam mill, in Bell township, Westmoreland county, Pennsylvania, December 31, 1839, and is the fifth child of William and Nancy (Gallaher) McAdoo. Sam- uel McAdoo (paternal grandfather) was a native of Ireland, in which country he died. William McAdoo (father) was born in county Donegal, Ireland, in 1800, and was engaged in farming until he was thirty years of age, when with his wife and one child, he came to America. He first stopjied at Nealie's salt works, near Salina, Westmoreland county, where he was engaged in boiling salt for six years. He then moved to a farm of one hundred aud thirty acres in Kiski- minetas township, Armstrong county, which was nearly all woods and which he cleared and improved. He afterwards bought forty acres of adjoining land and his success in life was due to his energy and good business tact. He was a democrat, but never took any active part in politics. He was one of the first members of Elder's Ridge Presbyterian church. He was a kind and indulgent father, a Christian gentle- man and died in August, 1875, aged seventy-five years. In 1826 he was married to Nancy Gallaher, in Ireland, where their eldest child is buried. They had nine children : Samuel, born in 1831; Mary, born October 11, 1833; Sarah, born April 24, 1836; John, born October 23, 1837; James, born December 31, 1839; Wil- liam, born February 20, 1841 ; Jane, born October 1, 1843; Nancy, born February 18, 1846; and Margaret, born July 17, 1848. Mrs. McAdoo (a daughter of Daniel Gallaher, who was a native of Ireland) died April 14, 1884, at the age of sixty-three years and nine months. James McAdoo was reared on the farm and received his education in the public schools of Kiskiminetas township aud Elder's Ridge academy. He then entered Duif's Commercial college, from which he was graduated in 1863. He worked on the farm in summer and for sev- eral years, during which he taught fourteen terms of winter school in Kiskiminetas town- ship, in all of which schools he was very suc- cessful. In 1870 he engaged in the mercantile business with J. G. Walker, with whom he continued until 1874, when he sold his interest to Mr. Walker and started in business at Mays- ville, where, in 1878, he formed a mercantile partnei-ship with J. S. McAwley. They have a good trade, carry about five thousand dollars' worth of goods and their yearly sales amouut to eight thousand dollars. When Peuusylvauia was threatened by a Confederate invasion in 1863,-he entered the Union army, iu June of that year, as a private iu Co. H, .54th regiment. Pa. Militia, under Col. Gallagher and was at the (capture of Gen. Morgan. April 14, 1870, Mr. McAdoo was married to Eliza J., daughter of Benjamin Howe, a farmer of Allegheny county, who resides three miles from Tarentum, Pa. This union has been blest with four children, one son and three daughters : Florence, born August 9, 1871, is attending school at Slippery Rock ; William A., born February 5, 1873 (is at Elder's Ridge acad- emy) ; Nancy R., born August 6, 1876, aud Har- riet M., born July 21, 1881. James McAdoo is a member of the Presby- terian church at Elder's Ridge, in which he has been an elder for eight years. He has always been a democrat, is liberal in his political views aud stands high as a man of integrity and cor- rect business methods. JOHN S. McAWLEY, a prosperous mer- ^ chant of Maysville and who served on the .southern border of this State during the Confed- erate invasion of 1864, is a sou of James and ARMSTRONG COUNTY. 623 Sarah (Ripple) McAwley, and was born at Gamble's salt works, in Kiskiminetas township, Armstrong county, Pennsylvania, August 31, 1846. Samuel McAwley (grandfather) was born in Huntingdon county, from which he removed, some time between the years 1825 and 1830, to Westmoreland county, on the opposite bank of the Conemaugh river from Salts])nrg One of his sons, James McAwley (father), was born in 1812, in Huntingdon county, removed with li is father to Westmoreland county, and about 1830 came to Gamble's salt works, in Kiskiminetas township, where he was engaged in the manufacture of salt for twenty-eight years. In 1852 he purchased and removed to the farm, in Kiskiminetas township, comprising one hundred and eleven acres of land, where ho still resides, and upon which lie has raised some very fine stock. By energy and frugality he has ac<|uired a competency, and now, in the even- ing of life, surrounded by bis cbiblren, he is enjoying the fruits of his labors. Pie is a demo- crat in politics, but at elections votes for the local candidates whom he considers best quali- fied for office, regardless of party lines. He is a member of the Presbyterian church at Apollo, and in 1835 married Sarah Rijtplc, who was born in 1812, and is a daughter of Louis Rip- ple, who was a native of Greencastle, Pa., from whence he removed to Westmoreland county, in tiie neighborhood of Latrobc, and, about the year 1850, came to Armstrong county, where he en- gaged in farming. .lames and Sarah McAwley were the parents of eight children : David, born February 7, 1836, and died March 31, 1836; Mary M., born June 13, 1837, married to W. J. Elwood ; Catherine, born September 25, 1839 ; James, born January 9, 1841, and died Novem- ber 7, 1844; an iul\mt, born March 29, 1843, and died March 19, 1845 ; Samuel, born May 25, 1845, and mai'ried Jane Clawsou ; an infant which died, and J. S., born August 31, 1847. John S. McAwley grew to manhood on the farm, and attended the public schools of Kiski- minetas township and Elder's Ridge academy. In 1859, at thirteen years of age, he went into the oil region of Pennsylvania, where he worked for nine years, and then came to Maysville, where he has resided ever since. In August, 1864, he enlisted under Capt. Weaver, in Co. F, 1st Pa. Battalion, commanded by Colonel Stewart, and served four months, being present at the burning of Chambersburg. After he was discharged from the array he returned to Kis- kiminetas township, and in 1878 he entered into his present mercantile partnership at Maysville, with James McAdoo. Ho has been successful as a merchant, and his firm carries a heavy and well assorted stock of goods. On October 16, 1877, he married Nancy Mc- Adoo, who was a daughter of William McAdoo, and died Septemlier 9, 1878, leaving one child, a son : William J., born July 17, 1878. In politics, John S. McAwley is a democrat. PHILIP R. McGRANN, postmaster of Logansport and a prosperous merchant of Bethel township, has been one of the most suc- cessful railroad foremen of Pennsylvania. He was born in Columbia count}', Pennsylvania, December 27, 1845, and is a son of Philip and Catherine (Shelhammer) McGranu. Philip McGrann, Sr. (father), was born in 1811, in county Cavan, Ireland, and came, in 1828, to Penn.sylvania, where he became a coal-miner in Columbia county. He was a democrat in poli- tics, a protestaut in faith and died in 1873, at sixty-three years of age. He married Catherine Shelhammer, a member of the Lutheran church, who was born in Columbia county about 1810, and is now a resident of Rock Glenn, Luzerne county. Philip R. McGrann was reared in his native township, where he received his education in the common schools. Since leaving school he has been principally employed in constructing and repairing canals and railroads. He was foreman (;i>4 BIOGRAPHIES OF on the Allegheny Valley R. R., the Wilming- ton & Birdsboro' R. R., and the Baltimore & Potomac R. R., when they were in process of construction. In 1873 he removed to Arm- strong county, and from 1873 to 1882 was fore- man on the Limestone quarry at Manorville. In 1883 he ensjao'ed in the lumber business at Manorville, and in 1885 opened his present general mercantile store at Rock Glenn, which is one mile from Logansport. He has a well selected stock of goods and commands a large and rapidly increasing trade. On October 14, 1890, he was appointed postmaster of Logans- port and keeps the post-oiBce in his store. On July 21, 1872, he married Mary Keiser, daughter of Henry Keiser, of Selin's Grove, Snj'der county. They had one child, a daugh- ter: Utica Blanche. Mrs. McGrann died Nov. 7, 1874, and on January 18, 1877, Mr. Mc- Grann united in marriage with Mary C. Heil- man, daughter of Simon Heilman, of this county. In politics, Philip R. McGrann is a republi- can. He is one of the enterprising citizens of Bethel township and has always been a man of energy and activity. He never idles any of his time away, is always prompt and on time with his work and has always been successful in whatever he has undertaken. JOSEPH MYERS. One of Gilpin town- ^ ship's many prosperous farmers and worthy citizens is Joseph Myers. He is a son of David and Elizabeth (Klingensmith) Myers, and was born in Gilpin township, Armstrong county, Pennsylvania, July 1, 1819. His paternal grandfather, Adam Myers, was a native . of Germany. Before he attained his majority he came to Pennsylvania, where he set- tled in Westmoreland county and purchased a farm. He was engaged in farming until his death, when he was in the ninetieth year of his age. His son, David Myers (father), was born in Westmoreland county, but came to what is now Gilpin township when a young man. He carried the chain for the surveyors when the townships of Kiskiminetas and Allegheny were laid out. He was a shoemaker by trade, but after his removal to this county he engaged in farming, which he followed until his death in 1830, at thirty-six years of age. He was a democrat in politics and a member of the Evan- gelical Lutheran church. He married Elizabeth Klingensmith, who was born on Brush creek, Westmoreland county, in 1794, and died in 1856, when she was in the sixty-first year of her age. She was an estimable woman and united with the Evangelical Lutheran church, of which she was a member for many years be- fore her death. Joseph Myers was reared on his father's farm and received a good common English educa- tion. In early life he followed droving for a few years and then engaged in his present busi- ness of farming. When Allegheny township was divided and Gilpin, Parks and Bethel townships erected out of its territory, he aided the surveyors in laying out the boundary lines of these respective townships. He owns a farm of one hundred and seventy-nine acres of well- improved laud, which he carefully cultivates. On June 8, 1841, he married Magdalena Allhouse, daughter of John Allhouse, of Gilpin township. To their union were born six chil- dren, of whom two are living: Abraham, a carpenter residing in Washington townshiji; and Julia, wife of John Small, of Gilpin town- ship. Mrs. Myers died in 1856, upon the same day upon which her husband's mother passed away. On September 6, 1860, Joseph Myers united in marriage with Elizabeth Lessig, daughter of Squire Joseph Lessig (see sketch of Z. T. Lessig). To this second union were born nine children, of whom three sons and two daughtere are living: Mahala, Mary E., Asa, Theodore and Recy. Mrs. Elizabeth (Lessig) Myers died August 7, 1883. ARMSTRONG COUNTY. 625 Joseph Myers is a member of the Lutheran church and an earnest democrat in politics. He has filled the township offices of constable, school director and overseer of the poor. Mr. Myers has shown excellent judgment in the management of his farm and is a man who strictly attends to his own affairs. TSAAC XOVINGER, a farmer of Gilpin J- township, who was engaged upon the con- struction of the Pennsylvania canal and rail- road, and who served faithfully for three years in the armies of the Union, is a son of Isaac and Hannah (Hagg) Novinger, and was born in Dauphin county, Pennsylvania, November IG, 1829. His paternal grandfather Novinger was born in Wiirteniberg, Germany, and be- came one of the early settlers of Dauphin county, where he was often disturbed and har- assed by the Indians. After Indian troubles had ceased he cleared out his farm and resided in that county until his death. His son, Isaac Novinger, Sr. (father), was born in Dauphin county, where he learned the trade of wheel- wright. While working at his trade he was also engaged in farming. He was a soldier in the war of 1812, during which he served at Philadelphia in the year 1814. He died in Dauphin county in 1857, when he was in the sixty-second year of his age. He was a demo- crat in politics, a member of the Evangelical Lutheran church and married Hannah Hagg, a native of Dauphin county and a member of the Lutheran church. Isaac Novinger was rearetl on the farm and obtjiinetl his educjition in the subscription schools of his boyhood days. At the age of nineteen years he removed to Westmoreland county and worked on the construction of the Pennsylvania railroad, between Pittsburgh and Greensburg. He subsequently followed boat- ing for four years on the Pennsylvania canal, and then for four years was engaged on steam- boats and coal-boats on the Ohio river. On the 18th of August, 1862, he enlisteeth Moore; Martha, born in 1824, died in 1845; John H., born in 1827, married to Nancy Warner; Thomas J., born in 1829, died in 1890; and William T. Mrs. Wilson died June 30, 1867, and Mr. Wilson July 31, 1872. They both sleep in the cemetery at Olivet. William T. Wil.son is of Scotch-Irish extrac- tion and was educated in the public schools of Kiskiminetas township. He has been a farm- er all his life and liy energy and perseverance has accumulated a handsome property. He enlisted in the State Militia in September, 1862, and again in July, 1863, but was not in a ctive service. 632 BIOGRAPHIES OF On November 25, 1857, Mr. Wilson united in marriage with Eliza Scott, a native of Eng- land and a daughter of Hugh and Margaret Scott, natives of county Tyrone, Ireland. Their union has been blest with ten children : Hugh S., born in 1858, married to Mary Brown; Mary^born in 1859 (deceased) ; Maggie, born in 1861 (deceased) ; Martha, born in 1862 ; Eliza, born in 1864 (deceased) ; John, born in 1865 (deceased); James C, born in 1867 (deceased) ; Rebecca E., born in 1870 (de- ceased) ; Alice, born in 1875 ; and Willie, born in 1880. Mrs. Wilson is an active church worker. In politics, Mr. Wilson was a republican until fifteen years ago, when he became a pro- hibitionist, and is now a strong advocate of temperance. He is a member of Olivet United Presbyterian church, in which he was a trustee for eighteen years, chorister for twenty years and Sunday-school teacher for about thirty years. JOHN M. WRAY is one who is highly es- teemed by his fellow-citizens of Kiskimi- netas township for his integrity, candor and usefulness. He is the second son of Robert and Abigail (Manners) AV^ray, and was born near Saltsburg, in Indiana county, Pennsyl- vania, November 23, 1817. His paternal grandfather, Daniel Wray, was born in county Antrim, Ireland, about 1754, and after resid- I ing successively in Mercer and Westmoreland counties, removed to the site of Saltsburg, Indi- ana county, where he purchased two hundred acres of land when that country was all in woods } and infested by wolves. He was a whig and a presbyterian, and died about 1825. He mar- | ried Elizabeth McKibben, by whom he had seven children: James, Elizabeth, John, Jane, Margaret, William and Robert. Roliert Wray | (father) was born near Mercersburg, Franklin [ county. Pa., December 8, 1784, and in 1800 went with his father to the site of Saltsburg, where, after his father became sickly, he assumed management of the farm, and completed the payments on it. A portion of the purchase money he raised by boiling salt water. In 1819 he came to Kiskiminetas township, where he died. He was much respected by all who knew him, and was frequently called upon to settle disputes between his neighbors. He was a republican, had held all of his township's offices, and was a member of the Elder's Ridge Presbyterian church, on whose first building committee he served. He owned six hundred acres of land, which he divided between three of his sons, besides one hundred and twenty acres near Olivet, which he gave to another son. In 1812 he married Abigail Manners, an indus- trious and amiable woman, who was a daughter of John Manners, a strong presbyterian, who was born in Washington county in 1760, mar- ried Sallie Couch in 1785, helped suppress the Wiiiskey Insurrection, and came to near Avon- more coal-works, where, on his farm of two hundred acres, he reared a family of eight children : Joseph, Elizabeth, Nathan, Margaret, Nancy, George, Polly and Abigail. To Mr. and Mrs. Wray were born eleven children : Sarah, born July 9, 1814, married Robert Smith and died June 13, 1860; Daniel, born April 1, 1816 ; John M., Elizabeth, born Jan- uary 1, 1820, married John A. Ewiug, and re- sides at Olivet; Margaretta, born February 29, 1824; an infant who died July 15, 1824; Wil- liam H., born December 2, 1821, and married Susan Townsend ; Nancy, born August 11, 1825, and married James D. Wilson, of Olivet; Robert, born February 11, 1827; Anna J., born March 16, 1830; and Abigail M., born July 29, 1832. John M. Wray was i-eared in Kiskiminetas township, where he received his education in the early subscription schools which were taught in the old log school-house. Attaining his major- ity, he engaged in farming, which he has fol- ARMSTROXG COUNTY. 633 lowed ever since. He was in the mercantile business for three years at Olivet, with Henry Townseud (1857 to 1860). In 1865 he again became a partner of Mr. Townsend, but after- wards opened a store on his farm, which he con- ducted for ten years, and then transferred it to hie son. July 19, 1840, Mr. Wray married Anna M., daughter of Robert Townsend, of South Bend. They have been the parents of eight children, two sons and six daughters: Harriet, born November 9, 1840, wife of B. H. Scott; Clara E., born in 1842, wife of T. M. Marshall; Abigail, born August 14, 1844, wife of D. D. P. Alexander, postmaster at Apollo; Hiram H., born January 24, 1848, married a Miss Har- mon; Anna M., born June 18, 1850 (dead); Robert T., born May 4, 1853 ; Mary A., born May 15, 1856 ; and Emma E., born December 24, 1859 (dead). He is a member of Elder's Ridge Presbyter- ian church. Mr. Wray is a republican in poli- tics, has held nearly all of Ids township's offices and resides on a fine farm, where he is sur- rounded by all the comforts of life. DANIEL WRAY, one of the energetic, thrifty and comfortably situated farmers of Kiskirainetas township, is the eldest son of Robert and Abigail (Manners) Wray, and was born at Saltsburg, Indiana county, Pa., April 1, 1816. Daniel Wray (grandfather) was born in county Antrim, Ireland, about 1754, came to America in the early part of the eighteenth century aud settled near Mercersburg, Franklin county. Pa. In a short time he went to Mt. Pleasant, Westmoreland county, and after a residence there of a few years he removed to the site of Saltsburg and purchased a farm of two hundred acres of land. A portion of that town is now built upon this farm, but then it was in woods, and wolves frequently attacked his sheep aud drove them to his cabin door. He j died about 1825. He was active in the interests of the Whig party, was useful as a member of the Presbyterian church and about 1781 mar- ried Elizabeth McKibben, by whom he had seven children: James, Elizabeth, John, Jane, Margaret, AVilliam and Robert. John Manners (maternal grandfather) was, in all probability, horn in Washington county, about 1760, and about 1810 moved to Kiskiminetas township, where he bought a farm of two hundred acres, adjoining the coal works at Avonmore. He was an active, energetic man of good business tact, was a member of the Presbyterian church , and helped to suppress the " Whiskey Insur- rection " in Pennsylvania. In 1785.he mar- j ried Sallie Couch, by whom he had eight chil- dren: Joseph, Elizabeth, Nathan, Margaret, Nancy, George, Polly and Abigail (mother of subject). Robert Wray (father) was born near Mercersburg, Franklin county, December 8, 1784. In 1800 he went to Saltsburg with his father, who had purchased a farm, and, becoming sickly, left its management to him. By farming and boiling salt water, he raised means sufficient to complete the payments on the farm as fast as they became due. In 1812 he married Abigail Manners and in 1820 came to this township, where he died August 15, 1869, in his eighty- fifth year. (For further history of him, see sketch of John M. Wray.) Daniel Wray was reared on the farm until twenty-four years of age, and received his edu- cation in the subscription schools of Kiskimine- tas township and Saltsburg. He came with his father to Kiskiminetas township in 1820. He began teaching school in 1840 and taught six winter terms, working on the farm during the summer. At the end of this time he gave all his attention to farming and is now the posses- sor of a well-improved farm of one hundred and sixty-five acres of land. On October 20, 1840, he married Sarah France, who was born June 22, 1820, and is a daughter of John France, a iiirmer of South 634 BIOORAPHIE& OF Bend township. They have been the parents of seven children, four sons and three daugh- ters: Eobert, born February 15, 1842; Mary E., born April 30, 1844; Nancy J., born November 19, 1847; John M., born December 16, 1849, married to Annie Burnside; James H., born March 6, 1854, and died in infancy; William A., born May 9, 1855, married to Annie Anderson; and Anna M., born March 23, 1858, wife of Rev. Theodore Lee. In politics, Mr. Wray is a stanch republican and takes an active part in the interests of his party, but has never aspired to political honors. He is a zealous church worker, belongs to the Presbyterian church at Elder's Ridge and aids the cause of Christianity in every possible way. He is an honest and upright man and highly respected by his neighbors. MISCELLANEOUS. The three following sketches were not ob- tained in time to insert in their proper place in this work : JOHN W. MORROW, M.D., a physician in successful practice at Marchand, Indiana county, Pa., is a son of David and Margaret (Lytle) Morrow and was born in South Ma- honing township, Indiana county, Pennsylvania, July 15, 1849. His paternal grandfather, John Morrow, was a native of county Down, Ireland, and in 1812 came to Indiana county,, where he settled at West Ijcbanon, in Young township. He was an ardent presbyterian and late in life removed to Armstrong county, where he died. He married Margaret Gillespie and their chil- dren were Andrew, who married Mary Coch- rane, and after her death Isabella Rankin; James, married Mary Meanor ; William, mar- ried Martha Hutchinson ; Martha, widow of John Marshall ; Elizabeth, wife of Abel Stewart; John, married Margaret Gibson ; Mar- garet, who married Thomas Ormond ; Nancy, married Samuel Lytle ; Wilson, married Mar- garet Stuchel, and David. Of these children but two are living : Martha and Elizabeth. Dr. Morrow's maternal grandfather, Robert Lytle, was born in the Ligonier Valley, Westmoreland county, and came to West Mahoning township, where he became a large landholder. He was an elder in the United Presbyterian church, was connected with the " underground railroad " and helped many slaves to reach Canada. He mar- ried a Miss Lytle, who was no relation to him, and their children v,ere William, who married Sarah Reed ; Robert, married a Miss Smith ; Alexander, who married a Miss Smith, and one of his sons is a missionary in India ; John, mar- ried Lovina Reed ; Samuel, who married Mar- garet Morrow ; Thomas, married Rachel Miller ; Sarah, widow of John S. Marshall ; Elizabeth, Margaret (mother), Keturah, married Thomas Watt, and Jane. Of these children but two are living : Sarah and Margaret. David Morrow (father) was born in 1807 and died in 1851, in South Mahoning township. He lived for sev- eral years with a Rev. Hyndman, who gave him a good education. He taught school for several terms and purchased a farm, which he tilled until his death. He was a whig and abolitionist and served for several years as a justice of tlie peace. He was a united presby- terian, took an active part in political affairs and married Margaret Lytle. Their children were Jane, Catherine, wife of Jesse William- son ; Robert (dead); Thomas, who married Nancy Stewart ; Dr. John W., and David, who married Clara Cochrane and is superintendent of an oil company at Bradford, Pa. Mrs. Morrow, after her husband's death, married a Mr. Laney, who is dead, and she now resides on the home farm. John W. Morrow worked as an oil well driller and taught school for several terms to secure the means to attend Dayton academy. ABMSTRONO COUNTY. 635 Completing his academic course, he read medi- cine with Dr. C. McEwen, of Plumville, and in 1872 entered Jeiferson college, from which he was graduated on March 11, 1875. After graduation he returned to Marchand, where he had practiced during his vacations in 1873 and 1874. He has a remunerative and extensive practice throughout the section of country sur- rounding Marchand. He is a republican, and in 1890 was nomi- nated by his party as their candidate for the legislature, by a majority of nine hundred over his closest competitor. He owns a farm of three hundred acres of land adjoining Mar- chand, where he has some valuable real estate. His farm is underlaid with coking coal and lies in a productive gas belt. From 1886 to 1890 he and a Mr. Brown were engaged in the general mercantile and drug business. He is a member and an elder of the United Pres- byterian church. Dr. Morrow is an earnest advocate and supporter of all educational move- ments in his section and was one of those who organized Marchand Normal academy, for whose establishment he worked zealously and unceasingly. ROBERT A. McELHOES is a prominent democrat and leading farmer of Rayne township, Indiana county. He was born on the farm on which he now resides, in Rayne township, Indiana county, Pennsylvania, May 15, 1833, and is a son of Samuel and Martha (McCluskey) McElhoes. His paternal grand- father, Thomas McElhoes, was a native of Scotland, where he married. He came to America and settled near Philadelphia, but afterwards moved to near Indiana, Indiana county, where he took up a large tract of land which he farmed until Ids death. Robert Mc- Cluskey (maternal grandfather) was a native of Ireland, came to America and settled in West- moreland county, and shortly afterwards re- 38 moved to Indiana county, where he died. He was a farmer of what was then Washington (now Rayne) township. Samuel McElhoes (father) was born in Chester county, Pa., about 1787, and died in Rayne township in 1855. He purchased the farm on which the subject of this sketch now lives. He followed farming, stock-raising and milling. He and his brother built the first grist-mill, known as McElhoes' mill, which is now owned by Robert A. Mc- Elhoes. He was a democrat and married Martha McCluskey, by whom he had three children : Robert A., Agnes and John, all of whom live on the home farm. Robert A. McElhoes received his education in the common schools. He has always been a farmer and owns and operates a saw-mill. He and his brother own about eight hundred acres of land. His home farm of three hun- dred acres is well improved and is underlaid with a heavy vein of coking coal. In 1872 he built a large brick house, which is modern in appearance, and erected a large frame barn in 1881, besides all necessary out-buildings. He is a democrat politically, but no office-seeker. He has represented his party twice as delegate to State conventions and is frequently a dele- gate to county conventions. He married Lovina Prothero, daughter of John Prothero, of Indiana county, and a native of England. Their union has been blest with nine children : Samuel E., Martha H., William C, Mary I., Sarah, Charles J., Harvey J., Ephraim and Agnes La Rue. ARCHIBALD J. T. CRAWFORD, a well- known citizen and a justice of the peace of North Mahoning township, Indiana county, was born in East Mahoning township, Indiana county, Pennsylvania, August 21, 1819, and is the eldest son of Moses and Mary (Jamison) Crawford. The Crawford family was one of the pioneer families of Kentucky, and helpetl 630 BIOGRAPHIES OF ARMSTRONG COUNTY. to wiu the "Dark and Bloody Ground" from the dominion of the Indian. Moses Crawford (father) was born about 1772, and came at an early age from Kentucky to Indiana county, where he located near Centrcville. He after- wards removed to East Mahoning township, where he died in 1831. He was a carpenter by trade and a whig in politics, and gave most of his time to farming. He served as a scout in the war of 1812. He was twice married. His first wife was a Miss Scroggs, by whom he had nine children : Jane, Samuel, Mary, John, Allen, David, Ann, Elizabeth and James. His second wife was Mary Jamison, daughter of Archie Jamison, a Scotch covenanter, who set- tled near Armagh, where he followed farming. By his second marriage Moses Crawford had seven children: Archibald J. T., Rachel (dead); Margaret, William, Isabella, Martha and Mo- ses, Jr. A. J. T. Crawford received his education in the schools of his neighborhood. He taught seven terms of school (six of them at one place) and then engaged in his present business of farming and stock-dealing. He is a republican in politics and was elected justice of the peace in 1872. He was re-elected in 1877 and again in 1888. He has held other township offices and is a ruling elder in the Presbyterian church. He married Emily Sprankle, daughter of Fred- erick Sprankle. Their marriage has been blest with three children : Amelia, wife of Henry C. PefFer, a farmer of North Mahoning township ; Mary, wife of M. D., Shields, of Pittsburgh, a mechanic and superintendent for Vandergrift & Co.; Rev. Frederick S., married Mary Re- pey, and is pastor of the Presbyterian church at McDonald, Washington county, Pa. Rev. Frederick was graduated from Westminster college and also from the Theological seminary at Allegheny city. ERRATA. The ibllowing corrections were seciireil too late to be in- serted in their proper places in the respective sketches to which tliev belong : In sketch of H. M. Bell (p.age 94), Mary (Beatty) Bell should be Mary (Bates) Bell ; of the Methodist Episcopal church should be Presbyterian church until his marriage, when he became a member of the Methodist Episcopal church ; Mary Beatty should be Mary Bates ; McFarland should be Irwin McFarland ; in 1876 should be Sept. 21, 1877, and Gilmore C. should be Gilmore F. In sketch of Kobert Thompson, on page 105, in the fourteenth line read Mary nee Tompson, and after August, 1794, in the same column, read the land on which this settle- ment was made was originally vested in a near kinsman of Mrs. Thompson's, James Cannon, by deed from Thomas and John Penn, and the Thompsons afterwards became its owmei-s. On page 105, second column and eightli line, read Dec. 4 for Oct. 5, and in the same column, read T. St. (Jlair for F. St. Clair. On page 108 D. Harrison Tomb should read D. Harbi- son Tomb. On page 270, in sketch of Capt. Jacob Crep.s, the following information hits been obtained : Jacob Creps married Mary A. Gora, of Bucks county ; Susanna Lutes should be Susanna Lutz ; 1st instead of ^>'M regiment; at the liattle of Fair Oaks C'apt. Creps received five bullet marks, and the names of Miuorica, Ella E., Eliza and Percy should read Winona, Elby E., Elizabeth and Percy A. In 1890, in a campaign of ten days, Capt. Creps reduced the repub- lican majority 10,000 in his Congressional district, and he is not a member of the G. A. R. On page 289, in sketch of Archibald Smitten, after word married insert August 11, 1853. Additional in- formation: Ida J., born June 10, 1859, and married July 3, 1870; William B., born July 18, 1803, and married August 11, 1880; Hugh W., bom April 5, 1800, and Mel- tha Belle, born June 14, 1874. Mr. Smitten is a member of Amor Lodge, No. 608, and Pine Grove Grange, No. 421. In .sketch of VV. J. Steele, on page 457, read two miles for six miles south of Oakland X roads. On page 458, in first column, second line, omit words "for a short time" and add in fourth line after 1880 "aged sixty years." In line after word Steele add " in the dry-goods business, in Paulton, Pa." C G. L. for G. L. Pfeffer. In the line, after word sold add "his store toStjuires Brothers and accepted the position of." In second column, in line nine, after word and .add "when run to their fullest capacity." In the twenty-second line of the same column for seven children read they have five childi'en, two sons and three daughters : Kthel, Etta, Clifibrd Banks, ^Maurice Edgar and Irma. \. <^' ■> ^'''^ ^ '- .^-^ --K 'S-, c"^' •^.,^' .^^\ ' s. .^■ fj. V^ ,^~^ '*. ^^ "^^ ^ ...<<>■ .^■ ^v-^ '^.^ •/• .\ ■ >, .•^'