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5940
federal emergency relief administration
Harry l. Hopkins, Administrator
DIVISION OF RESEARCH, STATISTICS AND FINANCE
Corrington Gill
"fcc. t-U ALat\<z.4>n
RESEARCH SECTION
Howard B. Myers
SCHOOLING OF TRANSIENTS AND RESIDENT HOMELESS
July 20, 1935
TR~7
5940
This report on the schooling of transients and resident homeless
is tased on a study of individuals and family groups registered
for relief at Transient Service Bureaus in 13 cities during Sept¬
ember 1934, The cities were selected because of their importance
as transient centers and because they represent widely separated
parts of the country and diverse industrial backgrounds. The
cities are:
Eoston Denver Los Angeles Hew Orleans
Chicago Jacksonville (Pla.) Memphis Phoenix
Dallas Kansas City (Mo.) Minneapolis Pittsburgh
Seattle
Prepared by John N. YTebb and Paul P. Coe
5940
SUIAbhbY
Contrary to the expectations of many casual observers, the
transients arc fairly v/cll educated. Of all unattached transients
covered "by the present study, two-thirds had "been graduated from
grammar school and one-sixth from high school, according to thoir
own statements. The heads of transient family groups reported some—
what shorter periods of schooling than the unattached, but longer
periods than the resident homeless who received relief from the
Transient Bureaus.
Native white transients showed a marked superiority over
the other racial groups in amount of school completed. Eight¬
een percent of the native white transients had been graduated from
high school, a proportion almost twice as large as that of any
other racial group. A comparison of the median grades completed
by each of the four racial groups provides a significant measure
of these differences. The medians rare: native white, eighth
grade; foreign-born white, seventh grade; and Negro and Mexican,
sixth grade. Thus it is evident that the foreign-born white
transients fall somewhat behind the native white transients in
the amount of schooling completed while the Negro and Mexican
transients lag behind the white transients by a considerable
margin.
Above the age group 18-19 years, tho higher the age group
the lower the educational attainments. Prior to age 18, as would
be expected, the amount of schooling completed increases with the
age level. The inverse relationship between age and education in
the adult age groups is probably explained by the improved school
facilities and by the increasingly higher age limits for leaving
school and entering industrial life which have been established
since the older transients wore of school ago.
Apparently the amount of schooling completed by transients
varios according to the different parts of the country in which the
transients register. Por example, in Jacksonville, Memphis, Dallas,
and New Orleans, transients have completed the fewest years of for¬
mal education, a fact which reflects to some extent the lower educa¬
tional standards of the South where many of the transients register¬
ing in those cities originate. Transients registered in Boston, too.
have relatively little educational experience, largely due to the high
proportion of foreign-born and adult seamen among Boston transients.
In the West (Seattle, Los Angelos, and Denver) where the transients
are unusually young, their educational status is the highest found in
any of the cities studied.
-1-
5940
SCHOOLING OF TRANSIENTS AND RESIDENT HOMELESS
Residence status and education. Measured in terms of school years
completed, the transient population is a fairly well-educated group.
Only 2 percent of the unattached registrants in September, 1934, had
had no schooling; 56 percent had attended only grade school, completing
one to eight years; 38 percent had completed their education with one to
four years of high school; and 4 percent had had one to four years of
college.
Another index of the educational level of unattached transients is
the proportion that had completed the entire course in each of the three
divisions in the educational system: grade school, high school, and col¬
lege.—' Graduates only of grade school constituted 26 percent, graduates
only of high school, 13 percent, and college graduates 1 percent of the
unattached group.
But perhaps the best indication of the educational level of this
group is that more than two thirds (68 percent) had had at least a grade
school education. (See Table A.)
Table A.
Education of
Transient and
Homeless Persons
(Percent distribution)
Transient
Resident Homeless
Education
Unattached
Heads of
Unattached
family groups
Number
26,898
2,122
4,338
Total:
Percent
100.0
100.0
100.0
None
2.0
3.3
6.1
Grade school
56.1
59.6
71.1
Incompleted
29.8
34.7
43.2
Completed
26.3
24.9
27.9
High school
38.0
32,1
20.2
Incompleted
25.1
19.1
13.2
Completed
12.9
13.0
7.0
College
3.7
4.6
2.3
Incompleted
2.8
3.2
1.6
Completed
0.9
1.4
0.7
Post graduate
0.2
0.2
0.2
Not ascertainable *
0.2
0.1
Median grade completed 8
8
8
*Less than ,05 percent.
l/ These data were collected in terms of actual years of schooling com¬
pleted in grade school, high school, and college; but in this report grade
school is tahen to consist of eight years, and high school and college of
four years each. The answer "completed grade school" was not accepted
unless it reported eight years of schooling, and the answer was entered
in terms of years. There were a few cases where grade school had consisted
of but 6 or 7 years; and, although the individual reported the completion
of grade school, the entry was the actual number of years completed. A
similar procedure was followed in reporting high school and college atten¬
dance.
-2-
5940
Heads of transient family groups reported a slightly lower level of
schooling completed: 3 percent of them had had no schooling; 60 percent
had left school either before or at the completion of the eighth grade;
32 percent had attended high school. 13 percent completing the four years,
but had not attended college; 5 percent attended college, and 1 percent
were college graduates. Tih.ile the total schooling reported by family
heads amounts to slightly less than that reported by unattached transients,
the proportions completing grade school, highschocl, and college are
about the same as for the -unattached transients. The difference, then, lies
principally in the larger proportion of family heads who left school before
the completion of the graic school period. Since the heads of family groups
are, on the whole, somewhat older than the unattached, the difference in
schooling is in part the result of tho iimrovomcnt in school facilities
and tho spread of compulsory school attendance since the elder transients
were of school age.
The unattached resident homeless, that is, those individuals who
have legal settlement in the community but are homeless, reported a lower
level of completed schooling than did either the unattached transients or
the heads of transient family groups. Six percent of the resident homeless
had had no schooling, 45 percent had not completed the eithth grade, and
only 23 percent had continued beyond grade school, in contrast with 42 per¬
cent of the unattached transients and with 37 percent of the heads of tran¬
sient families. As in the case of the heads of family groups, the lower
level of schooling of the resident homeless is associated with the higher
average age of this group. In fact, there appears to be a fairly consistent
inverse relationship between age and completed schooling ,among both the
transients and the resident homeless 13 years of age and older. (See dis¬
cussion of Age and education below.)
Although the unattached transients, the transient family heads, and
the resident homeless differ as to the median number of school years com¬
pleted, there is close agreement in the proportion of those in each group
whose education terminated at the completion of the eighth grade. This is
apparent from Chart A which shows tne distribution of school years com¬
pleted for each of the three groups, and from a comparison of the
proportions of the three groups whose schooling terminated in each year.
Completion of the eighth grade ended the schooling of 26 percent of the
unattached, 25 percent of the heads of family groups, and 28 percent of
the resident homeless. This pronounced concentration at the eighth grade
affects the median school year completed, which is the eighth grade for
each of the thru wroups. There are two circumstances which help to ex¬
plain this particular concentration: (l) the spread of legislation making
school attendance compulsory at least until the age of 14, and frequently
until the age of 16; ana (2) the known tendency of persons, out of pride
or carelessness, to report the completion of grade school when they actu¬
ally stopped somewhat short of that point.
Color or rs.ee education. Distinct differences were found in the
educational levels of the different racial groups, Among the unattached,
native whites reported the smallest percentage with no schooling completed,
and Negroes and Mexicans the largest, (See Appendix Table I and Chart B.)
5940
_ 3 -
Native whites were the best educated of the racial groups: 45 percent of
them had continued their formal schooling beyond the eighth gia.de, in con¬
trast with only 22 percent of both foreign-born whites and Negroes, and
with 19 percent of Mexicans. The favored position of the native whites in
terms oi completed schooling is likewise shown by comparison of the propor¬
tions of each racial group that had a high school education or better: nat¬
ive whites, 18 percent; foreign-born whites, 12 percent; Negroes, 5 percent;
and Mexicans, 3 percent. (See Appendix Table I.)
The median year of completed schooling was eight for native whites,
seven for foreign-born whites, and six for both Negroes and Mexicans; but,
because of the concentration in the grade school period for each group, the
median years of completed schooling fail to show the differences in schooling
between the racial groups as clearly as do the diagrams in Chart B. This
chart emphasizes the following facts: In the native white group there is
a great concentration at the eighth grade, an important secondary peak at
the twelfth grade, and a large percentage of cases above the median year.
The foreign-born white group conforms fairly closely to the native white, ex¬
cept that a larger proportion of cases lies below the median year. Nor the
Negroes, the diagram shows the least contrast between the percentages of
those whose scnooling ended at different years during the grade school
period. While the median year completed by Negroes was the sixth grade,
the point of greatest concentration was, as in the case of the other racial
groups, the eighth grade. The distribution in the diagram for Mexicans is
the most irregular and the most highly concentrated at the lower grade
level.
Age and education. An analysis of the schooling completed by un¬
attached transients by age group reveals some ■xitorestiEg facts which are
consistent with expectations. The lowest ago group, composed of those under
16 years, had the least educational experience. Obviously they had not had
the time to complete as many years of schooling as Lad those in the older
groups. Doubtless this group consisted orcdc.Anantiy of youths about 15
years old, since 65 percent of thorn had completed seven years or more of
schooling. (See Appendix Table Ila and Chart C.) The proportion of those
who had completed 7 or more years of schooling increased to 83 percent for
the 16-17 year group, and to 85 percent for the 18-19 year group. This
latter group (18-19) had Lai the most schooling of any of the ago groups in
the transient population; loss than 1 percent of them had failed to finish
at least one year of school and only 23.9 percent had failed to complete
grade school.
The age group 20-24 years reported the largest percentages of high
school graduates (21), and the lowest percentage (73.5) that had failed to
complete as much as eight years of schooling. In the higher age groups there
is, in general, a gradual decline in the proportions of transients who had .
extended their formal education beyond the grade school period, although
the 35-44 year ago group shows the highest percentage of college graduates.
A comparison of the age group analysis for unattached transients
with that for heads of family transient groups shows that the unattached
transients between 25 and 35 years of ago had a higher level of complet¬
ed schooling; that there is little difference between the two groups in the
educational level of those between 35 and 44 years of age; and that the edu-
5940
_ 4 -
cational level of those 45 years and older is lower for the unattached than
for the heads of family groups. Probably the presence of a larger propor¬
tion of older habitual transients among the unattached transients accounts
for their inferior educational rating when compared with the family heads.
The tendency for the educational level to be lover in the higher age groups
is even more marked for the resident homeless than for the unattached. The
percentages of the homeless with no schooling rise from 1.3 percent for
those 25-34 years of ago to 9.1 percent for those 45 years of age and older.
(See Appendix Table lib.)
City of registration and education. An examination of the data
on schooling of transients and resident homeless for the several cities
included in this study disclosed rather marked differences between cities.
For example, it is immediately evident that among unattached transients
registered in the Southern cities of Jacksonville, Memphis, Dallas, and
hew Orleans, a distinctly larger proportion had completed less than eight
years of schooling than was true of registrants in other cities. (See
Appendix Table Ilia for summarized data, and Appendix Table IVa for com¬
plete details.) Since there is evidence to show that in most of the cities
studied a considerable proportion of transients come from .contiguous areas,
it may be assumed that the figures reported from each city reflect to some
extent the level of educational achievement of the persons living in the
surrounding area. The extent to which this is true depends upon whether
the city is a stop-over point for transients from all parts of the country,
or is merely the focal point of a local migration within the area. How¬
ever, in either case there was- a sufficient number of transients from the
area in which the city is located to affect materially the data secured
from the total registration.
This low 'educational level of registrants in Jacksonville, Memphis,
Dallas, and Hew Orleans probably reflects the low educational standards of
the South and is even more significant in view of the fact that all of these
cities have high proportions of young transients, who in general in this
study were found to be better educated than older ones. In Jacksonville and
in Memphis there is a high percentage of Hegro registrants for whom educational
facilities and opportunities are especially deficient. Doubtless this racial
factor further operates to lower the average grade completed in those cities.
That the educational level of the transients registered in a city does
not always reflect the educational level of that locality, however, is shown
in the case of Boston. Registrants at the Transient Bureaus in that city
were somewhat below average in the amount of education completed, although
the education facilities of Hew England are distinctly above average. The
explanation of this anomaly lies in the large representation of foreign-born
and seamen among Boston transients. Seamen registered at Transient Bureaus
are generally found in the lower brackets of the educational scale, and more¬
over are of more mature years than other groups in the transient relief popu¬
lation. (As was pointed out earlier in this bulletin, there is a tendency
for the older transients to report less schooling completed than do the younger
ones.)
Seattle, Los Angeles, and Denver proved to be the cities whose transient
registrants had completed the most schooling. In the case of Seattle, 60 per¬
cent had completed from 8 to 11 years of schooling; and 18 percent had com¬
pleted 12 or more years. In Denver, 53 percent had completed 8 to 11 years;
-5-
5940
and. 20 percent had finished twelve or more years. In Los Angeles 56 percent
had completed 8 to 11 years; and 21 percent had completed twelve or more years.
A probable explanation of the mediocre school record of transients
registered in Chicago and Pittsburgh is the large percentage of Negroes and
foreign-born whites in their transient populations. In Chicago only 51 per¬
cent had completed 8 to 11 years and 18 percent had completed high school.
In Pittsburgh the proportions were 52 percent 8 to 11 years, and 13 percent
high school. The averages for all cities were 51 and 17 percent.
The heads of transient family groups showed the same general varia¬
tions between cities as did the unattached. For example, those registered
in Boston, Dallas, and Jacksonville were low in educational experience, while
those in Denver, Los Angeles, and Seattle had high levels of schooling. In
the other seven cities included in this study the educational level was about
average, with the eighth grade the median year completed. (See Appendix Table
Illb for summarized data, and Appendix Table IVb for complete details.)
The educational level of the resident homeless in the 13 cities varied
in much the same manner as did that of the transients. This fact offers fur¬
ther support for the belief that in general the different levels of educational
achievement reported by transients reflect disparities in educational advan¬
tages between the geographical divisions where the cities of registration are
located.
5340
Table I. Race and Education of Unattached Transients Registered
in 13 Cities, September, 1934.
(Percent distribution)
White '
Education All Native foreign Negro Mexican Other
races born
TOTAL
Number. .
. 26,898
22,954-
1,52,1
2,340
198
85
Percent .
. 100.0
100.0
100.0
110.0
100.0
(a
None
2.0
1.0
5.8
9.1
8.6
, ,
Grade School .
. 56.1
53.7
71.8
63.5
72.3
—
Incompleted
. . 29.8
26.1
46.7
53.1
57.1
—
Completed .
. .26.3
27.6
2o j 1
l0o4
15.7
High school, .
. 38.0
41.1
19oj5
21„_6
16 e 1
Incompleted.
. 25.1
27.0
10.8
17.1
16.1
—
Completed .
. . 12.9
14.1
8.7
1.5
2.0
—
College. . . .
. . 3.7
4.0
2.5
0.8
0.5
—
Incompleted
. . 2.8
3.1
1.4
0.7
—
Completed .
. . 0.9
0.9
1.1
0.1
0.5
-
Post graduate
. . 0.2
0.2
0.4
*
_
, ,
Not ascertainable * * - ~
(a) Percentage not computed because of small numbers involved.
* Less than .05 percent.
5940
Table I la. Age and Education of Unattached Transients Registered in 13 Cities,
September, 1934
(Percent distribution)
Education
All Under
16-17
18-19
~ 20-24 ~
25-34
35-44
45 and
N. A.
ages
16
, over
TOTAL
Number ....
26,898
172
•1171
3345
6909
7457
4138
3705
1
Percent . . .
100.0 100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
(a)
None .......
2.0
1.2
1.0
0.6
1.1
1.6
2.9
4.9
. j
Trade school . „ .
56.1
73.7
53.5
45.6
46.4
56.6
65.1
72.3
—
Incompleted . .
29.8
55.1
28.0
23.3
22.4
29.0
35.6
43.6
Completed . . .
26.3
18.6
25.5
22.3
24.0
27.6
29.5
28.7
—
ligh school . . .
38.0
25.1
45.4
53.1
48.7
36.5
26.9
18.7
Incompleted . .
25.1
24,5
41.4
40.5
31.9
22.5
15.9
9.5
—
Completed . . .
12.9
0.6
4.0
12.6
16.8
14.0
11.0
9.2
College .....
3.7
—
0.1
0.7
3.8
5.0
4.8
3,5
Incompleted . .
2.8
-
0.1
0.7
3.3
3.9
3.2
2.0
Completed . . .
0.9
-
-
*
0.5
1.1
1,6
1.5
Post graduate . .
0.2
-
-
*
*
0.3
0.3
0.4
-
Tot ascertainable
*
-
-
*
*
*
*
0.2
-
Table lib. Age and
Education of Resident Homeless Registered
in 13
Cities,
September, 1934
(Percent distribution)
Education
All Under
16-17
18-19
20-24
25-34
35-44
45 and
N. A*
ages
16
over
TOTAL
Number ....
4338
3
16
51
260
778
1086
2142
2
Percent . . .
100.0
(a)
(a)
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
(a)
None ........
6.1
1.5
1.3
4.9
9,1
. ,
Orade school . . .
71.1
—
—
62.7
54.7
62.1
70.1
77.5
—
Incompleted . .
43.2
-
-
31.4
29.3
33.7
40.1
50.6
—
Completed . . .
27.9
-
-
31.3
25.4
28.4
30.0
26.9
Nigh school . . .
20.2
-
-
37.3
43.0
32.8
21.8
11.4
—
Incompleted . .
13.2
-
-
33.4
27.2
22.0
14.1
7.1
—
Completed ...
7.0
-
-
3.9
15.8
10.8
7.7
4.3
—
College .....
2.3
-
-
-
0.8
3.6
3.0
1.7
—
Incompleted . .
1.6
-
-
-
0.8
2.9
2.2
1.0
—
Completed . . .
0.7
-
-
-
-
0.7
0.8
0.7
—
'ost graduate . .
0.2
-
-
-
-
0.1
0.2
0.2
-
.lot ascertainable
0.1
-
-
-
-
0.1
-
0.1
-
(a) Percentage not computed because of small numbers involved,
* Less than ,05 percent.
3
C\
IT\
Table Ilia. City of Registration and Education of Unattached Transients, September, 1934
(Percent distribution)
Education
TOTAL
Number ,
Percent
Hone .....
Grade school .
Incompleted
Completed .
High school
Incompleted
Completed .
College ...
Incompleted
Completed .
Post graduate
Not ascertainable
Total Bos- Chi- Dal- Den- Jack- Kansas Los Mem- Ilinne- New Phoe-
ton cago las ver son- City Ang- phis apolis Or- nix
ville
b
eles
loans
Pitts- 3e-
burgh attle
26,890
100,0
889 3090 1013 2982 1475 3829 3548 3301 1524 2I.30 932
100.0 100.0 100.0 100,0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0
1135 750
100.0 100.0
2.0
2.4
1.7
2.7
1.1
5.2
1.1
1.0
5b.1
61.7
56.6
58.9
51.2
53.8
58.0
47.2
29 08
34.5
29.3
30.4
21.3
35.3
27.7
21.2
26.3
27.2
27 »3
22.5
29.9
19.0
30.3
26.0
V\ 0
32.8
1
34.0
44.1
32.0
37.7
47.5
25.1
21.9
23.9
22.o
28.1
22.1
26.1
30.4
12.9
10.9
12.8
11.4
16.0
9.9
11.6
16.9
T r7
J 0 /
. 2.9
i;.5
4.2
3.5
3.9
3.0
4.1
P, 8
1.7
5.6
3.2
2.5
2.9
2,5
3.2
0.9
1.2
0.9
0.0
1.0
1.0
0.7
0.9
0.2
0.1
0.3
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.2
0.4
*
0.1
0 » 2
0.1
—
—
*
60.7
70 r~7
>-'• /
22.0
33*3
22.0
11.3
5.4
2.p.
1.0
0.1
1.9
59.8
277a
52.i|
25.1
12.5
2,4
2.1
0.3'
0.3
55.
1.7
57.8
35.
20.
36.
13-
1
"77
30
27.0
55.6
21.9
6 13.7
3
1.
0.
4.9
5.9
1.0
Less than .Op percent
2.6
59.4
32.9
2o»5"
54.7
25.2
9.5
2.9
2.1
0.8
0.2
0.2
1.3
55.il
20.7
32.7
1;2»0
27.3
14.7
3.2
2.5
0.7
0.1
Table Illb. City of Registration and Education of Heads of Transient Family Groups, September, 1937
(_?ercent distribution)_
Total
Bos¬
Chi¬
Dal¬
Den- Jack- Kansas
Los
Mem- Minne-
New
Phoe¬
Pitts¬
Se¬
Education
ton
cago
las
ver son-
City
Ang¬
phis apolis Or-
nix
burgh
attle
ville
eles
leans
TOTAL
Lumber ....
. 2122
73
267
196
271
202
118
707
265 38
111!
65
31
87
Percent ...
. I'^O.O
100,0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100,0
!—1
O
O
»
O
100,0
] 00 .,0
(a)
100.0
None • . . . • . .
. 3.3
7.1
2.3
1.5
2.9
6.7
0.8
2.7
7-3
5.7
7.7
1.2
Grade school ...
. 59.6
55.9
62.5
67.9
55.°
65.7
67.1
51 "7
67*9
56.0
60 o0
-
72.8
Incompleted . •
~y 1 r ,
. 0'-i-»
6573
U2.7
79.0
23.9
73.6
33.9
23.7
38.9
38.3
29.2
-
2177
Completed ...
. 2.6.9
19.6
19.6
18.9
31.1
21.6
33.2
28.3
26.0
17.7
30.8
-
21.7
High school ...
. 32.1
27.6
27.6
27.1
37.6
27.7
30.5
70.0
25.3
32.7
30,8
-
50.0
Incompleted • •
. 19.1
10.9
IB". 8
17.9
21.1
15.8
19.5
21.7
1777
r- r~t Q
£-CL* O
1577
-
26.2
Completed ...
. 13.0
13.7
8.8
9.2
16.5
8.9
11.0
13.3
7.9
9.9
15.7
-
23.8
College . . ...
7.6
3 ok
6.5
3.0
7.1
3.5
1.6
5.6
7.5
5.6
3.0
-
7.8
Incompleted . •
3.2
2.7
3.7
1.5
3.3
2.5
1.6
'177
7.5
5.6
1.5
-
-
Completed . . .
1.7
2.7
* i
1.5
0.8
1.0
-
1.2
-
-
1.5
-
7.8
Post graduate . .
0.2
-
-
0.5
0.7
-
-
-
0.8
-
1.5
-
Not ascertainable
0.2
-
l.l
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
1.2
(a) Percentage not computed because of small numbers involved.
Ta"ble IVa. City of Registration and Education of Unattached Transients, September, 193U
(Percent distribution) _____
Last year of All Bos- Chi- Dal- Den- Jack- Kansas Los Mem- Minne- Ne~,v Phoe- Pitts- oe-
schooling cities ton cago las ver son- City Ang- phis apolis Or- nix burgh attle
completed ville eles leans
Total
Number .
Percent.
No schooling
Grade school:
1 year .
2 years .
3 years .
1+ years .
5 years .
6 years •
7 years .
8 years .
High school:
9 years .
10 years .
11 years .
12 years .
College:
13 years .
ll+ years .
15 years .
16 years .
Post graduate,
Not ascertainable
26,898 889 3090
1013 2982 11+75 3829 35^48 3301 1521+ 2U30 932 1135
100I0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
2.0
2.1+
1.7
2.7
0.1+
0.2
0.5
0.9
1.2
1.1+
1.3
1.7
2.6
■ 3.U
2.8
2.6
U.2
U.7
3.2
i+.i+
4.8
5.5
' 1 n
4* /
7.5
7.1
7.6
6.9
9.8
9.5
11.9
9.9
9.7
26.3
27.2
27.3
22.5
9.5
10.5
8.9
9.3
10.5
8.7
9.8
8.8
5a
2.7
5.2
1+.5
12.9
10.9
12.8
11. h
0.9
0.3
1.0
0.7
i.U
0.7
2.0
1.9
0.5
0.7
0.6
0.6
0.9
1.2
0.9
1.0
0.2
0.1
0.3
o.l
*
0.1
0.2
o.l
75O
100.0
1.1
5.2
1.1
1.0
2.5
1.9
3.'+
1.7
2.6
1.3
o.l
0.9
0.2
0.1
0.5
0.3
0.7
0.2
0.8
-
0.5
1.8
1.1
0.5
1.7
1.1
2.0
0.9
1.1
o.l
1.1+
1+.9
2.2
1.3
3.6
2.2
3.3
1.3
1+.1+
1.7
2.7
6.1+
l+a
2.6
6.6
3.1
1+.9
5.8
i+.o
3*3
3.0
5.8
4.7
2.9
6.7
4.9
6.1+
1+.5
U.7
2.3
5.6
8.7
7.3
5.2
9.1
6.0
8.2
6.1+
7.1
4.9
8.0
11.3
8.1
0.6
10.5
9.8
10.0
11.7
10.8
7.9
29.9
19.0
30.3
26.0
22.0
32.IL
20.0
27.0
26.5
32.7
9.3
9.0
9.1+
11.1
9.2
7.8
9.9
9.9
9.2
9.2
12.0
8.5
ll.l
13.1
9.0
10.3
10.1
8.0
10.3
12.7
6.8
1+.6
5.6
6.2
7.8
5.0
1+.5
l+.o
5.2
5.1+
16.0
9.9
11.6
16.9
11.3
12.5
11.6
13.7
9.5
lit. 7
0.9
1.0
0.9
1.0
0.7
0.9
1.2
1.0
0.5
1.3
1.3
1.6
1.1
1.6
1.2
0.9
1.9
1.8
1.0
1.1
0.5
0.3
0.3
0.6
0.5
0.3
0.6
1.1
0.6
0.1
1.0
1.0
0.7
0.9
1.0
0.3
1.0
1.0
0.8
0.7
0.1
o.l
0.2
0.1+
0.1
0.3
0.3
-
0.2
-
0.2
0.1
* Less than .05 percent.
Table IVb. City of Registration and Education of Heads of Transient Family Groups, September, I93I+
(Percent distribution)
Last year of
All
^03-
Chi¬
Dal¬
Den
Jack¬
Kansas
Los
iiem-
Minne¬
- New
Phoe¬
Pitts
- Se
schooling
cities
ton
cago
las
ver
son¬
City
Ang¬
phis
apolis Or-
nix
burgh
at"
completed
ville
eles
leans
Total
Number . . . .
2122
73
261+
196
21+1
202
118
1+01+
265
78
ll+l
65
31
81+
Percent , . .
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
1C0.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
(a)
100.0
100.0
(a)
100.0
No schooling . • •
3.3
1+. l
2.3
1.5
2.9
6.1+
0.8
2.7
U.5
-
5.7
1+.7
_
1.2
Grade school:
1 year . . . .
0.7
-
1.5
2.0
-
1.0
-
-
1.5
-
0.7
-
-
-
2 years- . . . .
l.l
2.7
0.8
2.6
0.8
0.5
1.7
1.0
0.8
-
0.7
1.5
-
—
3 N® ar s • • , •
3.5
13.7
6.5
1+.6
2.9
3.1+
1+.2
0.7
3.0
-
5.0
1.5
-
-
1+ years . . . .
6.1+
1.1+
5.3
8.7
1+.5
7.9
5.1
1+.2
8.3
-
9.9
9.2
—
8.2
5 years . . . .
6.1
9.6
7.6
10.2
5.1+
6.9
5.1
3.7
9.1
-
1+.3
3.1
-
-
6 years , . . ,
7.1
2.7
9.5
9.7
1+.1
10.8
5.9
5.7
7.5
-
7.8
3.1
-
6.0
7 years , • , .
9.8
16.1+
11.5
11.2
6.2
13.3
11.9
8.1
8.7
-
9.9
10.8
-
7.2
8 years , . . .
21+.9
19.1+
19.8
13.9
31.1
21.6
33.2
28.3
26.0
-
17.7
30.8
-
21.1+
High school:
9 years . . . .
7.2
8.2
7.5
1+.1
6.6
7.9
8.5
6.7
7.2
•*
12.8
9.2
-
6.0
10 years . . . .
7.8
2.7
6.9
9.2
8.7
'5.9
5.9
10.6
5.7
-
5.7
1+.7
—
17.8
11 years . . . .
1+e 1
-
1+.6
I+.6
5.8
2.0
5.1
1+.1+
1+.5
-
1+.3
1.5
-
2.1+
12 years . . . .
13-0
13.7
8.8
9.2
16.5
.9
ll.o
I8.3
7.9
-
9.9
15.1+
-
23.8
College:
13 years ....
1.3
-
1.5
1.5
1.2
1.0
0.8
2.2
1.1
-
1.1+
I.?
-
-
ill. years ....
1.1+
2.7
0.1+
-
2.1
1.5
0.8
1.5
2.6
-
2.8
-
-
-
15 years . . . •
0.5"
-
1.5
-
-
-
-
0.7
0.8
-
1.1+
-
-
-
16 years ....
1.1+
2.7
3.1
1.5
0.8
1.0
-
1.2
-
-
-
1.5
-
1+.8
Post graduate. . .
0.2
-
-
Q.5
0.1+
-
-
-
0.8
-
-
1.5
-
-
Not ascertainable.
0.2
1.1
mm
_
—
mm
_
mm
1.2
(a) Percentage not computed because of small numbers involved.
SCHOOLING
OF TRANSIENT AND
RESIDENT HOMELESS
CHART A
PER CENT
25
20
15
0 I 234 56 78 9 10 11120*41516 17
GRADE SCHOOL HIGH SCHOOL COLLEGE
GRADES COMPLETED
RESIDENT HOMELESS
SCHOOLING OF UNATTACHED TRANSIENTS BY COLOR OR RACE
0123456789 10 II 12 13 *4 15 16 17 012 345 6 76 9 10 II 12 13 *4 15 1617
GRADE SCHOOL HIGH SCHOOL COLLEGE GRADE SCHOOL HIGH SCHOOL COLLEGE
GRADES COMPLETED GRADES COMPLETED
NATIVE WHITE FOREIGN BORN WHITE
CHART B
0123456769 10 II 12 13 M 15 16 17 0 12 3 4 5 6 7 e 9 10 II 12 13 14 15 16 17
GRADE SCHOOL HIGH SCHOOL COLLEGE GRADE SCHOOL HIGH SCHOOL COLLEGE
GRAOES COMPLETED GRADES COMPLETED
NEGRO MEXICAN
PER CENT
25
0 I 2 34 567 6 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17
GRADE SCHOOL HIGH SCHOOL COLLEGE
GRADES COMPLETED
UNATTACHED TRANSIENTS
PER CENT
25
0 I 2 34 56 7 8 9 10 II 12 L3 1415 16 17
GRADE SCHOOL HIGH SCHOOL COLLEGE
GRADES COMPLETED
HEADS OF FAMILY GROUPS
CHART C
SCHOOLING OF UNATTACHED TRANSIENTS BY
AGE GROUPS
GRADE SCHOOL HIGH SCHOOL COLLEGE
OAAOES COMPLETED
- AGE UNDER 16 -
PER CENT
30
il'2'3'4'5 • 7 el« I0III2II3MISI*
GRADE SCHOOL HIGH SCHOOL COLLEGE
GRADES COMPLETED
AGE 55 34
Oil 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 41 12131415 1617
GAAOE SCHOOL HIGH SCHOOL COUJEGE
GRADES COMPLETED
AGE 35 44
'OH 2 3 4 5 6 7 8l« 10 II I2W3 141*161'
GRADE SCHOOL HIGH SCHOOL COLLEGE
GRADES COMPLETED
AGE 45 6. OVER
3 5556
375625