GOVERNMENT RAILWAYS GT1 NEW SOUTH WALES. r • RULES AND REGULATIONS FOR THE CONDUCT OF THE TRAFFIC AND FOR THE GUIDANCE OF THE OFFICERS AND MEN IN THE SERVICE OF THE Railway Commissioners of New South Wales. LIBRARY Bureau of Railway Economics W ASHINGTON. D. C SYDNEY : GEORGE STEPHEN CHAPMAN, ACTING GOVERNMENT PRINTER, PHILLir-STREET. 1891. 4u 1291—91 3^*/ o- I NEW SOUTH WALES GOVERNMENT RAILWAYS. By-Law, No. 65. The Railway Commissioners of New South Wales, in pursuance of the powers conferred by the Government Railways Act of 1888, do hereby make the following By¬ law, to come into operation on the 1st September, 1891, and all previous Rules and Regulations conflicting there¬ with are hereby repealed :— " Rules and Regulations for the conduct of the Traffic, and for the guidance of the Officers and Men in the service of the Railway Commissioners of New South Wales." E. M. G. EDDY, Chief Commissioner. (l.s.) W. M. EEHON, Commissioner. CHARLES OLIVER, Commissioner. The Common Seal of the Railway Commissioners of New South AVales was hereunto affixed this 21st day of July, in the year of our Lord 1891, in the presence of H. McLaciilan. Approved by the Governor in Council on the 21st day of July, 1891. Alex. C. Budge,' Clerk of the Council. CONTENTS. General Regulations ... Uniform Time to be kept Hand Signals... Fixed Signals... ... ... ... Home Signals ... ... "... Distant Signals Starting Signals Signalling of Trains Shunting or Running in Wrong Direction ... ..." ... ... Siding Signals Station-yard Working Defective Signals Detonating Signals ... Train Signals ... Signalling in Foggy Weather Working Double Line Traffic over a Single Line PAGE 1 to 15 15 to 16 17 to 19 20 to 23 24 to 29 30 to 32 32 to 34 34 to 35 35 36 37 to 38 38 to 40 40 to 43 44 to 51 52 to 64 during Repairs or Obstruction 11 CONTENTS. Absolute Block Telegraph ... Station-masters and Officers-in-Cliarge Fixing: and Repairing; of Signals and Interlocking: Apparatus Signalmen Gatekeepers ... Guards, Shunters, &c. Explosives and Dangerous Goods Working Steep Gradients Engine-drivers and Firemen... Inspectors, Gangers, Plate-layers, &c. Working Single Lines by Train Staff and Ticket Working Single Lines by Train Tablet Working Single Lines by Electrical Train Staff Working Single Lines by Pilot-Guard By-Laws I PAGE G5 to 78 79 to 105 106 to 108 108 to 144 145 to 150 151 to 195 195 to 199 200 to 202 202 to 243 244 to 269 270 to 290 290 290 290 to 294 295 to 304 INDEX. Rule. bsencc from Duty 7,151 without leave 20 » 5) A' Absolute Block Telegraph | 219' C117 lsi 192 Accident causing obstruction of both lines } 2gy' ggg' 3^9' (110,' 192', 285, „ „ of one line <288,398,401, (515 „ Engine or Train running on wrong line for short) distance, in case of j Accidents, reporting of f ^q' „ to Passengers 171 „ summoning assistance in case of 444, 4G0 Accounts and Books, Officers to keep proper 13,145 Accommodation on Trains 328 Act, Railway—extract from, see pages 305, 30f> Addresses and Names of Servants 1444^' „ „ persons complaining 39 ,, „ witnesses to be obtained 41 Adjustment of Distant Signal Wire 144 Advanced Starting Signals 1209^216^217^ (108', 165', 16G, Ahead—Train notice < 178, 225, 227, ( 243, 498 Air-break not to be depended on 316 All Right Signals 46, 48, 54, 57 Altered Signals 202-205 Animals trespassing 24,303,478 iv tndex. Rule. Angle Iron, loading and unloading of 194 ppeal, employees may 20 Appendix of Working Time-table—to whom supplied ^ 440^' Appendix to Working Time-table—Lost copies to be replaced 5 Application of break 313 Arrival of trains to be telegraphed 511 Articles found on line 268, 484, 485 „ missing 336 ,, supplied to Engine-drivers 338 „ „ to Fog Signalmen 101 „ to Gangers, Platelayers, &c 440, 441, 486 „ „ to Guards 311,362 Assaults, offenders may be taken into custody 36 Assignment of Care of Signals 154 Assistance to be obtained in case of Accident 444, 460 Assistant Engine not to leave Train except where there are | fixed signals ) Assistant Engines carrying staff or ticket 510 ,, Engine with Line Clear report 526 Attaching and detaching "Vehicles | „ "Vehicles to Goods Trains when Line is not level 344 Attention to Signals 300 Badge of Pilotman 110, 536 allast Guards to be accompanied by Breaks-man or Flag- ^g man, who must be passed as competent ) Ballast Guards to be passed as competent 458 ,, to bo kept clear of Bails 467 ,, Trains, instructions to Guards in charge of 518 „ „ and Men not to work on Main Line during 1 , 0>_ . -Q Fog or Falling Snow ) 5 1 „ „ persons in charge of, to obey orders of Station-1 .„g masters, &c j „ „ to be in charge of Guards who must be passed | ^g as competent j „ to be run during daylight only 459 „ * t- (228,250,449 „ working on Mam Line j 51g' „ Waggons in Sidings to be secured 468 INDEX. V Rule. Ballasting of Permanent Way 467 lasting not allowed without authority of Engineer 469 Block Telegraph, Blocking section by 132, 133 „ ,, does not dispense with other signals 126 „ „ Instruments, failure of 139 „ „ „ furnished to Signal Boxes 128 „ „ „ or Bells not to be interfered h ■with by unauthorised per- > 236 sons 3 „ „ „ only to be used for signalling ) 19_ trains j ,, „ General Regulations for Working 126-141 „ „ Suspension of, during single line working... 113, 141 ,, ,, when line to be considered clear 130 Boiler Waggons, Chains of, to be secured 349 Booking of Passengers, Parcels, &c 273, 327 Books and Accounts, Officers to keep proper 13, 145 Bolster Trucks, chains to be secured 349 Box (staff), description of 502 Bracket Signals 61 Break (continuous), Testing of {dio' „ ,, to be adjusted after shunting 315,323 Break-down Yan Train, Signalling of 140 C 312, 315, 359- Break-power of Train < 361, 364, ( 366, 380 Break (Rear), to be applied by Guards when Trains des- cending inclines ) Breaks on Driving Wheels, Engines to have 359, 366 Breaks, air not to be depended on 316 Break Vans on Trains working on steep gradients 360, 364 „ „ Riding in, without authority 14, 195, 272 „ „ Sand boxes in, to be supplied 313 „ „ Stoves in 354 „ „ when not at rear of Train 340 Breaking loose of Train 295, 296, 400 Breaksmen, Regulations for 269-355 „ to be passed as competent 458 Buffers, no one to pass between 174 Burners (Oil), Trimming of vi INDEX. Rule. turning off Grass, &c 473 JOj -laws, Infringement of, to be reported 333 „ see pages 295-304 „ to^be exhibited at stations and offices 11, 145 ( 52, 58,63-60, Calling on Signals < 212-214, (386-389 Cancellation of used Train Staff Tickets 499 Cancellation of Line Clear Report 524 Care of Signals 151,155 Carriage Doors, closing of 163, 319 „ ,, not to be opened, when Train in motion 163 Carriage Ventilators, opening of 160,329 ,, Windows, closing of 160, 329 Carriages, coupling and uncoupling of {307^'^' „ Defective 314, 325 ,, Examination of 173,175 ,, Passengers to enter proper 322 ,, Persons not to ride outside of 272 „ Position of 317 „ Shunting of 246 ,, to be searched 160, 335 „ Carrying capacity of Trucks 200 Catch Points 122> 2S8> Cattle crossing line..., : 257 Cattle on line 303, 478 „ Waggons, Shunting of 350 ,, „ Doors of, to be fastened 350 Caution Signals '. {tt^8' ^ Caution in starting Trains with two Engines on 412 Chains, Side, to be Coupled 318 Chains of Timber Trucks and Boiler Waggons to be secured 349 Change of Tail and Side Lamps 323 Changing Rail 451 ,, at Junctions 162 Charges against Passengers to be substantiated 39 Cinders not to be thrown in Tunnels 416, 483 INDEX. Rule. Gleaners not to move engines in steam 437 leaning of Points and Signals 477 „ Signal Lamps 156 Cleanliness of servants 8, 147 Clear Reports, Line 520-533 ^ Clocks to be regulated 44, 45, 254 Coaching Rate Book, exhibited at Station 11 Coal to be safely placed on Tenders. 373 Collection of Tickets 334 Communication between Passengers, Guard, and Engine-.! 303 driver to be tested j Commissioners' property not to be converted to anyone's own 1 g use ) „ „ to be given up on leaving Service ... 22 Complaints made by the Public 39, 149 Conditions of Service 1 Conduct of Servants 9, 20, 146 Connection of Points to Signal Boxes or Frames 203 Constables, Duty of 36 Continuous Break not to be depended on 316 Continuous Break, Testing of {416^^ „ „ to be adjusted after shunting 315, 323 Control of Horses on Railways 196, 487 „ Timber Loaders 194 m . (83,201,316, „ Trains (357,365,385 Conveyance of Explosives and Dangerous Goods 356 Coupling of Vehicles {201,307,344 „ Light Engines together 411 „ Sticks 307 Couplings, examination of 173, 358, 363 Cranes, Travelling and Fixed . 193, 194, 345 „ Water 159, 434 Crossing Gates to be closed and fastened 268, 470 Crossings, Level, Working of gates across 255, 268 (67 215 390 Crossings and Points, Engines or Trains not to stand foul of I ' * „ „ Examination of 206, 461 „ » Injury to 207 viii INDEX. Rule. ^jrossings and Points, Signals at {262' *264^^' Crossing Loops to be in readiness for Trains 182 „ Trains at Stations where only one person on duty... 177, 395 3> » 494 Custody, Taking offenders into ^42'43 Custody of Train Staff 495 Curves, Lifting of Permanent-way on 466 Damaged Vehicles 347, 348 amaged Polling Stock at Junctions 352 Danger, Servants not to expose themselves to 26, 27, 174 ( 46, 48, 49, 50, Danger Signals < 54-56. 85, 304 (396,397 Dangerous Goods, conveyance of 198, 356 Dead-end Bays to be entered with care 416 Defective Carriages 314, 325 f55,84,85,139, 206, 208, 209, „ Signals ' Deficiency or excess of room in train 328 Delays to Trains to be avoided 148, 218 Departmental Notices 11, 145 Departure of Trains to be telegraphed 511 Description of Signals 46, 445 Detaching and Attaching Vehicles {324' 344' ^ „ Vehicles from Goods Trains where line is not level 344 Detention of Passengers 37, 42, 43 Detonating Signals, how to be placed on rail 87 „ t „ How Driver to act 011 explosion of 87, 396 D INDEX. IX Rule. r 84, 86, 101, etonating Signals, Servants to whom supplied 3 104, 255, 311, ( 368, 441, 486 „ „ Supply of, to be kept at Stations and 4 gg in Signal Boxes j ' „ „ Testing of 88 „ ,, to be carefully handled 88 „ „ used in connection with Signals 1105^08^209 „ „ used in connection with Single Line working ) „ „ used for protection of Permanent-way C 450' 451' 452' Operations V ' u' i n ... , rp • (101, 284-287, 5, used tor protection or drains ^399 „ „ used for warning men at work 482 Disabled trains, Staff Regulations 514, 515, 530 Disc Ground Signals 56, 78-80 Discs, Engine to carry 89 Disobedience - 20 Disorderly Passengers 332 Disregard of Signals to be reported 462 Distant and Home Signals on same post 69 f52, 68-73, 77, TV i ' J 84> 190> 208~ Distant Signals -j 2n, 217, 222, (391, 392 C 138, 242, 295, Divided Train ] 296, 362, 364, (400 Doors of Carriages and other Vehicles, closing of 163, 319 Doors of Carriages and other Vehicles not to be opened when| ^gg Train in motion ) Doors of Cattle Waggons to be fastened 350 Double Shunting. 302, 421 Double Line working, resumption of 141 Drunkenness 20, 332 Dress of Pilot Guards 536 Duties of Head Passenger Guard 312 ,, Goods Guard 338 Duty, Absence frcm and Exchange of 7, 151 X IXDEX. Rule. Duty, Neglect of 20, 149 uty of Constables 36 Dwarf Semaphore Signals 78 IiMectric Signalling Apparatus, Examination of 206 lilectric Train Signalling 126, 141 Electrical Train Staff, Rules for working single lines by 535 Emergency, Permanent-way Men to be summoned in 444 Employees may memorialise the Board 20 „ not to expose themselves to Danger 26, 27,174 „ forbidden to trade 19 ,, Cleanliness of 147 ,, Irregularities in connection with 149 Empty Carriages, Windows of, to be closed 160, 329 Engine (Assistant) not to leave Train except wdiere there are") fixed Signals j Engine (Assistant) with Line Clear Report 526 (Assistant) with staff or ticket 510 „ Cleaners not to move 437 C 140, 288, 296, „ Failure of < 398 399, 401, ( 514^ 530, 539 (* 89-96, 118, 276a, „ Lamps and Indicators < 301, 379,414,414a (4145, 433,464, 509 ,, (Light), to be considered a " Train " 32 „ not to be in motion on Main Line without both | Engine-driver and Fireman being upon it ) „ not to foul Main Line without permission 378 ,, not to leave unless Staff is at the Station 491 „ not to pass out of sight of Signalman 67, 215, 390 „ not to push Train 290, 410 " not to stand foul of Points and Crossings £439"^ ,, not to travel without Staff or Ticket 490, 500 „ Sand-boxes to be examined.. 374 „ or Train without G-uard on Main Line unprotected qnq by fixed Signals ) Engines of Private Owners not to go on Main Line 198, 234 „ assisting leaving Trains carrying Staff or Ticket 510, 526 INDEX. Xi Rule. Engines carrying Staff or Ticket disabled 514, 515 ( 101, 284-288, „ protection of \ 291, 292, 398, (. 399, 407 „ Riding on, without authority 14,195, 369 ,, Relief, Signalling of 140 „ Running on wrong line for short distance 289, 409 ,, (Shunting), Lights on 433 „ Smoke from 43d ( 64-67 74 „ stopped at Home, Starting, or AdA^anced Starting \ 212-215 ' Signal # 387-390 ,, stopped on Main Line, waiting to be crossed on to ( gy 3qq other line, &c i ' rp -i j ( 92, 301, 414, „ Tail Lamp |433 „ to be in proper order 367 „ to ha\re Breaks on driving-wheels 359, 366 ,, Light, to be coupled in passing through Block Sections 411 „ (Special), Indications of, &c {276 463 508 , rp (411,' 412, 413, „ (two), on one Train ^ 510) 526 „ (Traction or Road), crossing Line 257 Engine-drivers, Articles supplied to 368 ,, coming on duty 367 „ how to act on explosion of detonators 87, 396 „ leaving their Engines 436 ,, not to leave Station without Staff or Ticket.. 490, 500 „ not to move Train towards Starting Signal") 3yy until lowered .• ) „ not to pass out of sight of Signalman 67, 21o, 390 • ^ f /I «r /-v „ not to start Train without proper Signal 3/ 0, ouu „ not to throw out hot water, &c., in Tunnels 416, 483 ,, of light Engines to shunt when necessary ... 422 „ Regulations for 367-439 „ Signalling to Guards 232, 408 „ to ascertain Break-power of Train 380 „ to assist in forming Train 385 , to be informed of Single Line "Working dur- 7 ^ j4, ing obstruction J INDEX. Rule Engine-drivers to be vigilant and cautious 393 „ to examine notices before starting 372 „ to frequently look along Train 343, 375, 424 „ to go slowly forward when Home Signal is \ 215 390 lowered ) ' 5 ,j to have Trains under control 83,357 ,, to obey Station-master 438 ,, to protect their Engines without reference ^ to telegraphic communication ) „ to reduce speed if fixed Signals are not1 gg^ 333 visible ) ' „ to regulate speed, and not to start before | gg^ time ) ,, to run their Trains on proper Line 416 ,, to satisfy themselves proper Signal is") fi9 lowered j „ to see that Engine is in proper order before ^ starting ) „ to see Pilotman's written authority 115 ., to see Signal Lamps on Engine are lighted 379 ,, to Signal Trains on opposite Line when) 415 necessary ) ,, to stand up on Engine 381 „ to clearly understand Verbal Communica-) 91 . tions of Signalmen ) ' „ working an Engine without Gruard 537 „ to travel cautiously during foggy weather or h falling snow, and to stop if fixed Signals > 382, 383 cannot be seen ) Erection of new Signals 202 Examination of Couplings 173, 338 „ of Loading 338, 339 „ of Signals 107, 206, 208 „ of Trains 175,193,338 „ of Tickets 334 Excess Eares 170 Exchange of duty 7 „ of Ticket and Staff with Non-stopping Trains 513 Explosives, Conveyance of 198, 356 Extinguishing of Signal Lamps 249, 255 INDEX. xiii Rule. Eacing Points, Bolt, or Bar out of order 209 „ Points 120,157,221 „ Points to be locked or securely held 492 Failure of Block Telegraph Instruments 139 Fare Lists to be Exhibited 145 Fees, non-acceptance of 16 Fences to be kept in repair 478 Fidelity, giving security for 12 Fines 20 (305,428,472, ■■■ue it 474 „ not to be thrown in Tunnels 416, 483 Fires caused by passing engines, &c., Reporting 475, 476 Fires to be Extinguished in Brake-van (Stoves 354 Firemen coming on duty 367 „ Regulations for 367-439 „ to be under orders of Drivers 370 „ to look back 343, 375, 376 „ „ out when approaching or passing a Station or Junction ) 5 „ to stand up on Engine 381 „ to work Signals at Stations where no one in charge 394 Fixed Signals 52-62 Fixed Signals, working of, for protection of Permanent-way ( 232, 446, 447, repairs ^ 450, 452 Flagmen, Duties of, and instructions as to sending out {452' „ Signals to be used bv 445 „ to be passed as competent 458 „ to warn men on Line 482 Flags used as Signals 47, 51 Floods, Examination of works in case of 471 Foggy weather or falling snow—Ballast Trains and men not^ 1(V7 irn to work on Main Line... ) ' ° „ „ Advanced Starting Signals 75 „ „ Drivers to travel cautiously 382, 383 „ „ Engine stopped on Mainline 67,215,390 „ „ Interval between Trains ... 108, 164,243 C 90, 106, 176, „ Lamps to be lighted < 263,275,379, 445, 459 B XIV INDEX. E Rule. |10ggy weather or falling enow—"Look-out" Men 482 & >j ,, Ballast men not to work... 459, 482 >t „ Rails not to be displaced 453 ,, Shunting 433 „ ,. Signalling 97-108,222 ,, „ Single Lines working ... 113, 141 „ „ Speed of Trains 382, 383 >» » m • cr it (90,106, 275, Tram Signal Lamps | ' 7 „ „ Use of Advanced Starting | Signals ) yi „ Warning Men at work ... 482 Fog Signalling at Signal-boxes 105 Fog Signalmen, Articles supplied to 101 „ Duties of 101, 222 ,, Employment of 97, 99, 104 „ Names anal Addresses of 6, 100 ,, Posts of 100 „ Refreshments for 103 „ Relief of 103 „ Supervision of 104 „ Supply of Articles to 101, 101 „ to get Signalman's Permission before"^ ^ leaving duty ) Eoot-boards not to be jumped on to 26, 163 Foremen Platelayers to read and explain Rules to men 442 ,, to walk over Line 461 Form adopted for Single Line Working during Obstruction.. 112 of Line Clear Report 528 of Pilotman's Caution Ticket 110 of Pilot Guard's Ticket 542 of Staff Ticket 519 of Train Ahead Notice 498 for Single Line working during obstruction 125 Formation of Trains 385 Fouling of Main Line 132, 378, 219 Frost—Signals to be tested during severe 107, 222 G angers, Articles, &c., supplied to 440, 441, 48G „ Regulations for 440-489 „ to read and explain Rules to men 442 „ to walk over Line 461 INDEX. XV Rule. Gatekeepers, Regulations for 255-268 „ Signalling to Engine-drivers 260, 261 „ Supply of Signals to 255 „ to notice Trains 259 Gates across Public Roads 255, 256, 268 „ (level crossing) Lamps on . 263 „ „ Repairing of 265 „ ,, under cliarge of Signalman 252 „ „ to be closed and fastened 268, 470 „ ,, Station, to be locked 158 Giving persons into custody 37 Goods falling from passing Trains 238, 239 „ found upon Line to be taken to nearest Station 268, 484, 485 „ Loading and sheeting of 199 „ Guards, Articles supplied to 311,362 „ Train, Definition of 32 „ „ Delivery of, at end of journey 308, 355 „ „ Position of Passenger Carriages on 317 „ „ Stopping of, booked to stop when required, &c. ^423' „ „ working on steep Gradients 357, 363, 366 „ „ to be stopped at top of incline, and wraggon brakes pinned down ) ,, Rate Books to be exhibited at Stations 11 Gradients, Steep, Instructions for working 357-366 Grass, Burning of 473 Gratuities, Non-acceptance of 16 Ground Disc Signals 56,78-80 Guards, Articles supplied to 311 „ (Ballast) to be accompanied by Breakman or Flag- ^~g man, who must be passed as competent ) „ (Ballast), to be passed as competent 458 „ coming on duty 269 „ (Head) to control train 270, 312, 385 „ Journals 309 „ not to allow Persons to ride outside carriages or in") 1Qk Brake vans / ^ „ not to carry Passengers or Parcels unless booked ... 273, 327 „ not to depend on Continuous Break 316 , not to examine or collect Tickets 334 xvi INDEX. » s> jj » Guards, not to leave Station until Parcels, Luggage, and) Train delivered over ) ^03, 33G „ not to rely on Fog Signalmen for protection of ) Train J ^01 „ not to take "Waggons loaded with Goods liable to | be set on fire j Begulations for 269-355 Signalling to Engine-drivers 281, 408 to attend to Signals 300 j, to apply Break when going down Inclines 283 „ to avoid Kecoil in stopping Train 280 „ to be informed of Single Line Working during") Obstruction ) to compare Parcels with Way-bill 274 to examine Notices 306 „ to hand over Train at end of journey 308 „ to inform Engine-drivers of Break-power of Train 315 „ to keep a good look-out 280, 281 „ to obey Station-masters 271 „ to protect Train when running slowly 284 ! „ to report Defective Signals, &c 303 „ to ride only in Break-van 280 „ to see that Train is in proper state for travelling • oon'i^V' ^ uOOj uOt)j 34o „ to Signal Driver to start 279 „ to see that Waggon Doors are fastened 350 „ to see that Waggons are labelled 346 ,, to work Signals where there is no Station Staff... 299, 394 ,, Train Journals 309 „ travelling in Trains not appointed to work 310 „ (Under) to obey Head Guards 270, 310 „ Watches to be regulated 44,45,337 Gunpowder, conveyance of 356 Hand Shunting 201 and Scotches and Sprags to be kept at Stations 183 „ Signals*. 46-51,111 -[T -i T f 89, 90, 96, 118, 276a, 801, Head Lamps ^ ^ ^ ^3 Heavy rairs, permanent way to be examined during 471 Home and Distant Signals on same post G9 INDEX. xvii Rule. Hf 52,63-67,69,71,73, «. , N 77,84,181,208,209, Signals j 211-215, 217, 222, C386-390 Horses on Railways, Control of 196, 487 Hose of Water Tank to be secured 434 Hot Water not to be thrown in Tunnels 416,483 Tllness 7,151 Xmperfect Signals 85, 304, 397 Implements and Tools, Security of 480, 481 ,, &c.,to be kept clear of rails 479 Improper Language Punishment for 10 Inclines, Instructions for working 357-366 „ Rear-break to be applied when Trains descending... 283 „ Shunting at Stations on 183, 201, 420 ttt • . en- (183,184,201, >, Waggons into Sidings on 351^420 ,, Vehicles to be secured on 183, 184 Independent Discs to be treated as Starting Signals 80 r 89-96, 118, 276a, Indicators and Engine Lamps 301, 379, 414, 414c?, ( 4146, 433, 464, 509 T, , • -rr • (179,189,226, Information as to running ot Trains ^ 2^4, Injury to Points, Rails, or Crossings to be reported 207 „ to Vehicles 347, 348 Insane Persons, Conveyance of 331 Inspection of Stations daily by Station-masters 144 Inspectors of Permanent-way, Regulations for 440-489 ,, „ Responsible for Security of ... ^ Materials ) Inspectors of Permanent-way to report any Preach of 1 ^gg Regulations ) ' Inspectors of Permanent-way to summon men in case of ^ emergency ) Interlocking, &c., Defective 209 r 108, 165,166, 178, Intervals between Trains where Block System is not in) 224, 225, 227, 228, operation 1 243, 261, 418, 439, ( 448 XV111 INDEX. Rule. Intoxication 20, 172, 332 ron Angle, Loading and unloading of 194 Irregular Stoppage of Trains 167, 285 Irregularity in working of signals to be reported 303, 419 Irregularities on the part of Employees 149 Issuing Tickets 172 Journals, Train ... 309 umping on Steps or Foot-boards of Trains in motion) forbidden ^ io* Junctions, Passengers changing 162 Junction Points and Crossings,jSpeed when passing through 406 „ Signals 209, 223 Junctions, Home Signals 64, 212, 387 ,, Polling Stock received Damage at 352 „ Speed on Approaching and Passing 402 ,, Trains approaching at same or nearly the same) 223 time ) „ Whistling on Approaching 402 Labelling of Waggons 346 adies travelling alone 326 Lamps, Cleaning, 398> 399> 401, 450, 515- 517. 5 J 5) XX INDEX. Rule. Line to be kept clear and safe 478, 479 „ Trespassing on 28,29,266,489 „ Animals trespassing on 24, 303 Lines, both obstructed j" ggg' ^oy' Live Stock Waggons, Shunting of 350 Loading and Unloading of Round Timber 194 „ and Sheeting Goods 199, 200 Loose Shunting 302, 421 " Look-out" Men may be appointed 482 Lost Train Staff, how to act in case of 512 Lorries going into or through Tunnels 449 ,, not to be attached to Train, and to be left clear of") Main Line „ not to be run in wrong direction 4 55 „ on Main Line, Protection of 450, 455 ,, to be placed on Line by Platelayers only 456 ,, to be used during daylight only 459 Luggage 17,18,336/185 „ left by Passengers not to be taken charge of by | ^ Employees ) „ Unclaimed, &c 18 Lunatics, Conveyance of 331 M agistrate, Persons detained to be taken before 35, 43 ain Line, Definition of 32 „ „ Fouling of 378 (181, 190, 229, \ 230, 293, 301, „ Shunting on j gB/ ^ ^ (433 „ „ to be clear fifteen minutes before train is due... 458 Materials found on Line 4-84, 485 „ Security of 480, 481 „ to be kept clear of Rails, and removed as soon as practicable ) Maximum Weight to be carried in trucks 200 Means to be adopted to attract Engine-drivers' or Guards' ^g attention ) ' 5 Memorialise, Employees, may, the Board 20 INDEX. xxi Rule. Men at work on Line to keep clear of Trains, and desist ^g^ from work during fog or falling snow ) Method of working Home Signals 211, 215 Misconduct 20 Missing Luggage, &c 336 Money, Unclaimed IS N ames and Addresses of Servants . 6,100,150,444 „ ,, of persons complaining 39 ,, of Stations to be called out 162 ,, of Witnesses to be obtained 41 Neglect of duty 20, 149 N ew Signals 202-205 Notice requisite before leaving Service 21 Notices to be examined by Engine-drivers 372 „ ,, „ by G-uards 306 „ Public, to be exhibited 11, 145 Notice, Specials may be run without | 508*' (108,165, 166, „ Train ahead < 178, 225, 227, ( 243, 498 O (72, 67. 391, bservance of Signals 392, 393, 396, (412 Obstruction of both Lines ^398' 39o' (lio'192, 285- Obstruction of one Line 3 288, 398, 401 (450, 516 (190, 191, 219, Obstruction of Line, Signals to bo exhibited in case of < 293' 445' 459 (452' Obstruction near a Tunnel 450 „ of Line not allowed 133 Offences, Witnesses of 41 Offenders, Taking into custody 35, 36 Office Duties, Station-master and Officers in cji?.rge 145 xxii INDEX. Rule Officers in charge, Regulations for 142-201 fficer in charge to deliver Staff 495 Oil Burner's Trimming of 156 Orders, Disobedience of 20 Overcarriage of Passengers 170 Overdue Passenger Trains, Information as to running 189 Overloaded Trucks 200 Over-running Platforms ^16^320.416, Packages not properly booked 273, 327 arallel Lines 96, 285 Parallel Lines, Special Regulations as to Head, Side, and Tail Lamps ) Parcels,'Guards not to leave Station until they have delivered 1 g^g ggg over j ' „ &c., Missing 336 „ to be compared with Way-bills by Guards 274 „ Value ". : 336 Passenger Carriages, Position of 317 Guards, Articles supplied to 311,362 ,, Duties of 312 J) yy yy Trainsbooked to call'at Stations when required .. j ^g' 33 33 Trains, Detaching Vehicles from 297 „ not to stop where not timed to call 167 „ Overdue, information as to running of 189 „ to take precedence 178, 227 „ „ working on steep gradients 357-362 Passengers, Accident to 171 „ changing into superior class of Carriage 327 „ carried to a wrong station 170 ,, changing at Junctions 162 „ Conduct of Servants to 146 ,, Disorderly 332 Forwarding and transferring of, when Line ob- ) , 1>7 -.-.q 5> structed j Giving into custody 37 not properly booked 327 not to re-book by same Train 322 3) 3) INDEX. xxiii » ?> Passengers not to be removed from carriages without suffi¬ cient cause not to ride on Engines, or in Brake-vans, without authority not to ride outside Carriages „ to enter proper Carriages „ Violence not to be used when removing, from Carriages Passing of Trains Passes or Tickets, Travelling without, forbidden Peace, Justice of, Offenders to be taken before Penalty for leaving Staff Station without Staff or Ticket Penalties, List of, to be exhibited at Stations Permanent-way, Ballasting of Inspectors responsible for security of mate¬ rials Inspectors to report any breach of Regula¬ tions Lifting of lift on Curves men, Protection of men to be summoned in cases of emergency men to have Rules read and explained to them men to keep clear of Trains, and desist from work during fog or falling snow Regulations in respect to Repairing of repairs, Protection of „ Signals to be used during Persons not to ride on Engines, in Brake-vans, or by Goods Trains, without authority „ not to ride outside Carriages „ Giving, into custody Pilot Guard Dress „ working Single Line by Pilot-man, Appointment of Working Single Line during obstruction Rule 39 14, 195.272 99 9> 99 9) 99 99 99 99 99 99 99 272 322 \ 38 181 14 35, 43 501 11 467 j. 480 j 443, 483 452,465 466 482 444 442 459, 482 99 440-489 479 ( 232, 446, 447, 1450-452 445 } 14, 195, 272, ) 369 272 (35, 36, 37, 40, 142, 43 110, 536 536-542 110, 516 (109-125, 516, 1517,536-542 xxiv INDEX. Rule. Pilot-man's Badge for Single Line working 110, 536 „ Caution Ticket 110 Pilot Guard's Dress or Badge 536 Platelayers not to travel with passengers 330, 488 „ employed as Fog-signalmen 97 „ Regulations for 440-489 signals f *30' U1> 445' „ signals ^ 454 „ „ to reduce speed 430, 454 „ Supply of Signals, See., to i 440, 441, 486 ,, to keep clear of Trains, and desist from work 1 .r(> .09 during fog or falling snow ) ° ' Platform Lamps 156 Platforms, Trains over-running or stopping short of | 4^4' 3*"^' 44<^' Points and Crossings, Engines or Trains not to stand foul of 1432^^' ^^ „ and Signals to be examined and reported when defective 206, 207, 4-61 „ Catch 121,122,288 „ Cleaning of, bv Gangers . 477 T. - " (206, 207, 209, „ Defective ^461' „ Examination of 206, 209, 461 „ Facing 120, 157, 221 „ Injury to 207 ,, not to be interfered with by unauthorised persons 233, 236 „ not to be moved without Signal-man's permission ... 233 „ Repairing, &c 202-205,265 „ (Safety) 157,298 ,, to be padlocked or securely held 492, 540 Police to be called when practicable 40 Portion of Train becoming detached when in motion 295,400 „ ,, left on Main Line through accident or failure 288, 401, 515 of Engine ) 541 Position of Passenger Carriages 317 Precedence of Passenger Trains 227 Prisoners, Conveyance of 331 Private Engines not to run 011 Main Line 198, 234 Property of Commissioners not to be converted to any servant's ) g own use ) „ of Commissioners to be given up on leaving Service 22 „ Unclaimed 335 INDEX. XXV Rule. "Protection of Main Line daring Permanent-way repairs ... £450^452' Protection of Permanent-way men 482 Protection of Trains, Guards not to rely on Fog-signalmen for 101 „ „ on Main Line without a Guard 398 „ „ when running slowly 284 „ „ when stopped between Signal-boxes ... ^393'399'407^ „ of Trolly or Truck on Main Line 455 „ of Shunting Operations 190, 230 Public Roads, Working of Gates across 255-268 „ safety of first importance 31 „ Notices 11,145 Punishment for misconduct 10, 20 „ for neglect 184 „ in case side-chains are not coupled 318 Punctuality of Trains 148, 218 Purple Light as a Danger Signal 56 Push-up Engines 290 Rail, Changing «.< 451 ails, Injury to 207 „ not to be displaced in foggy weather or falling snow 453 ,, to be kept clear of Ballast, &c 467-479 Railway Act, Extract from, see pages 305-306 Re-booking by same Train prohibited 322 Recoil of Train to be avoided 280 Refreshment Rooms not to be entered without permission ... 15 Refreshments to Fog-signalmen 103 Refuge Sidings to be kept in readiness 182 Regulation of Signal Wires 144, 208 „ of Clocks in Signal Boxes 254 Regulations, Acquaintance and compliance with 3, 443 „ All persons to assist in carrying out 4 „ for working the Absolute Block Telegraph 126-141 „ for working Single Lines by Pilot-guard 536-542 ,, for working Traflic of Double Line over Single Line 109-125 ,, for working Single Line by Train Staff and Ticket 490-533 „ Lost copies, to be replaced 5 xxvi INDEX. Rule. Regulations to be read and explained to Permanent-way Men 442 a -i r , (2,142,269. „ to whom supplied ^ ' „ to be Exhibited at Stations 11 „ for Conveyance of Explosives and Dangerous \ oz a Goods ) Relaying operations, Protection of {450-452' ' Relief Fog-signalmen 103 „ Trains 188,278 „ Signalmen 252 „ Engines, Signalling of 140 Removal of Signals 202 Rent 23 Repairs to Points and Signals 202-205 Repair of Telegraphic Apparatus 139 Reports, Line clear 520-533 „ of Accidents 109, 192 Resumption of Double-line Working 141 Resignations 21, 22 Responsibility of Station-master or Officer-in-cliarge 142,154 Riding on Engines and in Break-vans, or by Goods Train 14, 195, 272, . without authority, forbidden ) 369 Road, Defective, to be reported 303, 419 Road Engines crossing Line 257 Roads, Working of Gates across Public 255-268 Rolling-stock received damage at Junctions 352 Roof Lamps 156 Rules for working SingleLines byElectrical Train Staff and Ticket 535 „ „ ,, Train Tablet 534 „ „ „ by Train Staff and Ticket ... 490-533 ,, to be read and explained to Permanent-way Men 442 Rules and Regulations to whom supplied ^ 368^440^ „ „ Acquaintance and compliance with... 3,443 „ ,, All persons to assist in carrying out... 4 „ „ Lost copies to be replaced 5 Running alongside of Train entering Stations forbidden 163 „ Line, Main Line means 32 99 of Trains to be watched 532 Runaway Vehicles or Trains 240, 241 INDEX. xxvii Rule. Safety Chains not coupled, Punishment for 318 „ of Line 478 „ of Public of first importance 31,148 „ of Points 157,298 Sand Boxes in Tans and on Engines 313, 374 Scotches, fixed 157, 298, 461 „ to be kept at Stations 183, 461 Searching of Vehicles 160, 335 Security of Tools, Implements, and Materials 480, 481 „ required for faithful Service 12 Section Blocking in case of Obstruction 132 Semaphore Signals 52-62 Semaphores used as Distant Signals 68 Servants not to expose themselves to Danger 27,174 Service, Conditions of 1 „ Notice requisite on leaving 21 ,, Uniform, &c., to be given up on leaving 22 Sheep Crossing Line 257 Sheeting Groods 199 Shunted Vehicles to be placed in safety 298 Shunters, Regulations for 269-355 Shunting after Sunset, or during foggy weather or fallingsnow 301,433 „ Carriages and Waggons 246,351 ,, (double) 302,421 „ Engine, Lights on 433 (178-181, 226- „ for other Trains to pass < ^ 4^ 431 (433' „ Hand 201 (loose) 302,421 Mode of Signalling during 77 of Cattle 350 „ on Inclines, Waggons to be secured 183,184,201 f 181,190, 229, ,,r • T • \ 230, 293, 301, » on Main Lme j 35i; 420, 431, (433 ^ 1 • . , . . n (190, 191, 219, „ Operations to be protected s 230 293 ,, Signals by Night 50 77 77 79 xxviii INDEX. Ilule. ^hunting Waggons into Incline Sidings | ^q' Side-cliains not coupled, Punishment for 318 (90, 96, 17G, Side Lamps 3 275, 301, 32-1 ( 414&, 433, 459 O-V T r en (183,184,201, Sidmg Incline, Shunting on 1 „ „ Vehicles to be secured 183,184 „ Refuge to be in readiness for crossing Trains 182 ,, Signals 52, 78-80, 209 Signal Arms referring to different Lines 60 0. (107, 144, 206, Signal Apparatus to be tested 120$ 222 264 Signal-box, Definition of 33 Signal-boxes, Privacy of 235 „ switched or closed during nights and Sundays.. 253 „ to be visited by Station-masters 153 Signal Lamps, Cleaning, Trimming, and Lighting of 156, 249, 255 „ Extinguishing of 249, 255 „ (Hand) to be held 51 „ Inspection of 156 „ Rctrimining and Delighting of 251 „ to be lighted during foggy weather or falling ^ snow ) Signal lowered, Engine-drivers to satisfy themselves proper.. 62 „ not shown, or imperfectly shown 85, 304, 397 „ Wires, to be regulated 144, 203 ,, „ to be repaired 461 Signalling in foggy weather, or during falling snow 97-108 Signalman changing duty during temporary Single Line"^ ^3 working ) „ having Level Crossing Gates under their charge... 252 „ leaving duty 252, 253 ,, „ temporarily 251 „ Regulations for 206-254 seeing anything wrong in passing Trains 134, 238, 239 Supervision of 153 to know pilotman 116 to stop train unless running by authority of pilot- guard 542 9) INDEX. XXIX Rule. Signals * a* f „ (52,74,75,208, Advanced Starting (209,216,217 All Right 46, 48, 54, 57 Altered 202-20o Arms referring to different Lines 60 At Junctions 209, 223 Attention to 300 At Level Crossings . 255-268 Rack Lights of 59 Bracket 61 r 52, 58, 63-66, Calling on % 212, 213, 214, ( 386-389 Care of 154, 155 n ... (46,48,430, Caution |454 Cleaning of, by Grangers 477 G46, 48,49,50, ^ S 54-56, 85, Banger j 220} 304j 342j (.396,397 f55, 84, 85, | 139, 206, 208, -pv (• ,. ! 209, 264, 265, defective * 1 i SOS] 304, 397, | 419, 461, 462, (.479 Description of 46, 445 Detonating, How Driver to act on Explosion of 87, 396 „ liow to be placed on rail 87 r 84, 86,101 „ Men to bo supplied with ^ 104, 255, 311, (368,411,486 „ Supplv of, to be kept at Stations and inl ,nc> Signal-boxes ) 1Uj ,, Testing of 88 to be carefully handled 88 i- ,• c. ! (84, 87, 101, used in connection with Signals (105 208 209 - C 3 * 3? XXX INDEX. s Rule. ignals :—continued— Detonating, used in connection with Single Line working 110 „ used for protection of Permanent-way ( ^ operations ° ' » „ used for protection of Trains ^ ggg' ,, used for warning men at woi'k 482 Disc Ground 56, 78-S0 Disregard of 462 f 52, 68-73, 77, | 84, 144, 190, Distant 208, 209, 210, | 211, 217, 391, L392 „ and Home on same post 69 During relaying and repairing 145^' 453 ^ Electric Apparatus, Examination of 206 Engine-driver to Guard, and vice versa 281, 282, 408 Examination of 206, 208 Eixed 52-62 Eixing or removal 202 Elags used as 47, 51 ^ . ( 255, 257,260, Gatekeepers (261 262 Guard to Engine-driver, and vice versa 281, 282, 403 Guards to work where no Station Staff 299 Hand 46-51 c52, 63-67, 69, i 71, 73,77, 84, Home 181, 208, 209, j 211-215, 217, ^222, 386-390 Home and Distant on same post 69 Home Train detained at 67, 215, 390 Imperfectly shown 85, 304, 397 Irregularity in working of, to be reported 303, 419 Junction, working of 209 Junction, Home 212 Lamps, Examination of • J 56 INDEX. xxxi Rule. gnals :—continued— Light waved violently 49 New and altered 202 205 Not to be interfered with by unauthorised person 236 n, , (72, 87, 391- Observance of f 393,396,412 Obstruction to proper working 461 Platelayers 1454'U1' Position of 224 Permanent-way, Meaning of 445 Removal or erection of 202-205 Repairing of 202-205 Semaphore 52-62,68,78 „ Shown from left-hand side of Post 54-57, 60 „ White light shown on, indicates signal is ") defective ) ° Shunting, by night 50 Siding 52,78-80,209 f 52,67,74-77,80,84, Starting -J 208, 209, 212-217, (.279, 390 Starting on single line 76 Station-yard working 81-83 Stations when no staff, Guards or Firemen to work 299, 394 Stop and examination of train 134 Train 89-96,186-188 ,, Divided 138 To be kept at Danger (time interval) 224 To be lowered immediately challenged 218 To be exhibited in case of obstruction 220 Use of, during repairs to Permanent-way ^ 4^' Vigilance in working 218 Working of, during Single Line working 116, 493 Working of, for protection of Permanent-way, repairs, ( 232, 446, 447, &c (450-452 w , ' ( 107, 144, 206, "Working to be tested (.208,222,264 Whistles used between two Engines on one Train 413 Wires to be regulated 144, 208 xxxii IKDEX. Rule. SC110,192,285- mgle Line, Obstruction of < 288,308,401, • (450,516,517 ,, Working during repairs or obstructions 109-125, 192 . „ „ Limit of Ill Single Lines, Regulations for working by Pilot Gruard 536-542 „ „ Train Staff and Ticket 490-533 „ Starting Signals on 76 „ Rules for working by Electrical Train Staff ... 535 „ „ ,, Train-tablet 534 Skidding of wheels to be avoided 313 Smoke from Engines 435 Smoking in carriages 38, 321 Snowy weather, advanced Starting Signals 75 Ballast Trains and men not to work on Main Line 197, 459 Engine-driver to travel cautiously 382, 383 Engine stopped on Main Line 67, 215, 390 . Interval of time between Trains 108, 166, 243 r 90, 106, 263, Lamps to be lighted % 275,379,445, (4-59 " Look out" men 482 Men not to work 459, 482 Rails not to be displaced 453 Shunting 433 Signalling 97-108 Signals to be tested 107, 222 Single Line working 113, 141 Speed of Trains 382, 383 „ Train Signal Lamps {459^' Use of Advance Starting Signals 75 Warning men at work 482 ( 30,93,94,95,186-188, q * i T • ) 244, '267, 276, 277, Special Trains < 405, 414a, 427, 463, (464, 508, 509 yy yy yy yy yy yy yy yy yy yy yy yy yy INDEX. xxxiii Rule. Speed of Trains during fog or falling snow 382, 383 „ „ Single Line working 118 ,, j, on approaching and when passing through") ,np Junction Points and Crossings j ' „ ,, Platelayers' Signals to reduce 430, 454 „ „ (Special) 427 ,, „ to be regulated 384 „ „ when descending gradients, &c 357 Sprags and Hand-Scotches to be kept at Stations 183 Staff Electrical Train, Rules for working Single Lines by ... 535 Staff and Ticket, Regulations for working 490-533 „ and Ticket-box, Place for 506 „ and Ticket Regulations when line obstructed 514-517 „ ,, Working of 503 „ Custody of 495 ,, damaged or lost, how to act 512 ,, Description of 502, 503 „ delayed through accident 520, 521 „ Exchanging of, with non-stopping trains 513 ,, Officers in Charge to deliver 495 ,, ,, Engines not to travel without ...'. 490 „ or Ticket, Instructions to Drivers 500, 501 ,, „ not to be taken beyond proper Station 507 ,, „ to be carried by engine at rear when two"^ engines on train ) ,, „ with assistant engine 510 „ ,, Penalty for starting without 501 ,, Regulations for ballast trains 518 „ ,, in case of disabled trains 514, 515 „ Station, Definition of 519 „ system, integrity to be observed by Station-masters ... 532 ,, Ticket, Form of 519 ,, Tickets, Cancellation of 499 „ „ given up to Officer in charge 500 „ „ spare to be locked up 505 j, ,, to be issued in progressive numbers 504 „ ,, to be kept in staff-box 503 }> Time for handing to Drivers 496 C 161, 279, 376, Starting of Trains < 384, 412, 416, ( 538 xxxiv INDEX- Rule. S\. , • o- i ( 52, 67, 74-77, 80, 84, jtarting Signals ^ 208j 2Q^ 2i2-217,390 Station-masters, Regulations for 142-201 ,, to satisfy themselves that Fog-signalmen are at their posts ) Station Yard working 81-83 Station duties 148 Stations, daily inspection of 144 Names of, to be called out Iti2 Responsibility of Station-master for 142 Terminal and Principal, Entering of 316,410 Vehicles attached and detached at {324' ^ where only one person on duty, Crossing Trains at 177, 395 where no Staff, G-uards or Firemen to work Signals 299, 394 Whistling on approaching, &c 416 Steep gradients, Instructions for working 357-366 Steps of Trains not to be jumped on 26, 163 Sticks Coupling 307 Stores to be used economically 152 Stoves in Vans 354 Stoppage of Trains at unauthorized places = 167 „ „ where timed to call 342 Suspension from Duty 20 „ of Block Telegraph working 113, 141 Switching Signal-boxes 253 Sydney time sent daily 44, 45 Tablet Train, Rules for working Single Lines bv 534 f 90-96,135,176 j 186-188, 237 Tail Lamps and Boards -j 244, 275, 276, | 301, 323, 414, 1^433, 459 Taking Offenders into Custody 35 Tanks (Water), Hose of, to be secured 434 Telegraph (Block), General Regulations for Working 126-141 ,, „ Suspension of, during Single Line Working 113,141 „ Posts, Wires, &c., defective {419' 462' 479 Tenders, Coal to be placed safely on 373 INDEX. XXXV Rule. Terminal and Principal Stations, Entering of 316,416 estimonials 25 Testing of Continuous Brakes {4I6' a. . (107,206,208, „ Signals (222, 264 Tickets, Examination and Collection of 334 „ Issuing 172 „ or Passes, Travelling without, forbidden 14 Ticket, Form of Staff Ticket 519 „ not to be taken beyond proper Station 507 „ Penalty for starting without 501 ,, Spare to be locked up 505 „ to be given up to the Officer in charge 500 „ to be immediately cancelled 499 to be issued in consecutive order 504 ,, to be kept in Staff Box 503 „ when to be given to driver 497 Timber, &c., Loaders, Control of 194 „ Trucks and Boiler Waggons, Chains of, to be secured 349 Time (Sydney) 44, 45, 337 f 108, 165, 166, „ Intervals between Trains where Block System is not in S 178, 224, 225, operation 1 227, 228, 243, C 261, 418, 448, „ Uniform 44, 45, 337 ,, Tables (Working), to whom supplied {440^' ,, „ ,, lost Copies to be replaced 5 Tolls to be exhibited at Stations 11 Tools and Implements, Security of 480, 481 Traction Engines crossing the Line 257 Trading forbidden 19 C 108, 165, 166, Train Ahead Notice 178, 225, 227, (243, 261, 498 „ arrivals and departures to be telegraphed 511 ,, (Ballast), not to work on Main Line during fog or| -^7 falling snow ) ' „ „ Person in charge of, to obey Orders of| Station-masters s 0 xxxvi I1STDEX. Rule. 'rain (Ballast) to be run daring daylight only 459 v ' (250, 449, 458, „ „ working on Main Line (518 booked to stop when required . {341' 342' 423^426^ Break-down Tan, Signalling 140 breaking loose 295, 296, 400 n , 1 , (83,201,316, Control of (.357,385 crossing on Single Line when only one person on duty 395 Deficiency or excess of room in 328 Definition of 32 Delays to be avoided 148, 218 departures to be telegraphed 511 disabled, Staff Regulations 514, 515, 530 tv , - (138, 242,295, » -( 296, 400 drawn by two Engines 411, 412, 526 Drivers to have, under control 83 Examination of 175 „ following, caution order 498 ,, Formation of 385 „ Goods falling from 238, 239 „ (Goods), delivery of, at end of journey 308, 355 „ „ Stoppage of, booked to stop when required, &c. ^23' ,, working on Steep Gradients ...» 357, 363-3GG Guards to hand over, at end of journey 308, 355 ,, to have control of 270, 385 includes " Light Engine " 32 „ Information as to running of | ^94' ^ ^ 5 • » Journals 309 not arriving to time 131 „ not emerging from Tunnels in reasonable time 231 „ not to be pushed by Engine 290, 410 „ „ „ „ started without proper authority 376 „ „ „ leave unless Staff at Station 49 L „ „ „ pass out of sight of Signalman 67, 215, 390 „ „ „ run after sunset or in foggy weather or falling 2^5 snow, without lighted Tail and Side Lamps ) ' ' INDEX. XXXY11 Rule. in not to stand foul of Points and Crossings ^432^^' „ „ stop when not timed 167 „ „ travel without Staff or Ticket 490, 500 obscured by steam or smoke 429 on fire 305, 428 on Main Line unprotected by Signals 398 on opposite Line to be signalled if necessary 415 01* portion of, left on Main Line through accident or ( 288, 401, 515, failure of engine ( 541 ( 164, 320, 416, over-runnmg, or stopping short or platform ^417 (Passenger) booked to call at Stations when required | „ following Goods Train or Light Engine 1 A/LR to be cautioned ) •> i ■> „ not to stop where not timed to call 167 „ Precedence of 178, 227 „ working on steep gradients 357-362 Portion of, becoming detached when in motion 185, 295, 400 „ left on Main Line through accident or ) 288, 401, 515, failure of engine ) 541 C 101, 284-288, Protection of, in case of failure or obstruction \ 291, 292, 398, ( 399, 407 Punctuality of 148 (Relief) 188,278 required to be brought within Home Signal ^ 2^5^387-390 running away on proper Line 137, 241 „ back on wrong Line 136, 240 „ before time shown in Working Time-table... 161, 279 ,, in wrong direction 77, 409 „ on Main Line without Brake-van in rear ... 340 „ in same direction on parallel Lines 96 „ running on wrong Line for short distance ... 289,409 ,, slowly, Protection of 284 Shunting, &c., mode of Signalling 77 (178-181, 226-229, „ for others to pass \ 294, 301 422, 425, (431,433 xxxviii INDEX. T Rule. Irain Signals 89-9G, 186-188 ("30, 93, 94, 95,186- (SneciaU indication of &c 5 244> 2f^' 2^6» „ special; indication or, k 463, 464, 508, 509 g d f ' (357,382,383,384, »» fcPeeaot ^402, 406 427 „ ,, during temporary Single Line working 118 „ „ Platelayer's Signals to reduce 430,454 ,, Staff and Box, Description of 502 ,, ,, or Ticket, No train to travel without 490, 500 ,, ,, ,, Regulations 490-533 ,, „ Custody of 495 „ ,, Rules for working Single Lines by 490-533 „ „ Electrical Rides for working Single Lines by ... 535 ,, Standing on Main Line owing to failure of engine, &c 288,401. 515 n, , f 161,279, 376, » starting of (384, 412, 416 „ Stopped at Home, Starting, or Advanced Starting / 64-67,75, 212, Signals 1215, 387-390 „ Stopped between Home and Distant Signals 291,292, 398 ,, stopped for examination v 238 „ stopped on Main Line, waiting to be crossed on to") gy 215 390 other Line, &c ) ^ „ Stopping of, in case of accident 295, 400 „ ,, with care 280, 296, 416 (164, 320, 416, „ „ short of Platform i 4X7 „ Tablet, Rules for working single lines by ^34 „ Ticket, Description of ^2 „ „ Issue and cancellation of 409 ^ ^ ,, timed to be stopped when required ^ 047' 342, 423, 426 T • 416 „ to run on proper Line „ Unusual stoppage of, Guard to request passengers to 1 319 keep their seats in case of ) Q „ waiting " Line clear" ' ,, without Brake-van in rear „ ,, Guard on Main Line, unprotected by Fixed "1 398 Signals ) „ „ Tail lamp or board 135, 237 INDEX. XXX Rule. Trains, Ballast, Staff to be carried 518 „ crossing 177,395,494 „ „ where only one person on duty 177 „ Examination of 175 „ following each other closely 439 ,, „ under Line clear report 527 „ Goods, coupling of 363 • , P (179, 189/226, „ information as to running or < 294 532 r 108,' 165, 166, „ interval between where Block System is not in opera- ) 178, 225, 227, tion 1228,243,261, C418,448 „ Irregular stoppage of 167, 285, 286 „ overdue, Information as to running of 189 ,, Kunning of, to be watched 532 ,, to be observed by Gatekeepers 259 „ Two, approaching Junction at same or nearly samel 99„ time j „ Unusual stoppage of 319 Travelling Cranes „ 193, 194, 345 „ without tickets or passes 14 Trespassing 28,29.266,489 „ animals 24, 303, 478 Trimming Signal Lamps 156 Trollies to be placed on Line by plate-layers only 456, 458 Trolly, protection of 455, 457 Trucks, carrying capacity of 200 „ control of, on inclines 201 funnels, Drivers not to throw out hot water, &c., in 416, 483 „ Lorries going into or through 449 ,, Obstruction near 450 „ Platelayers working in 483 „ Single Line working during obstruction 113, 141 „ Train not emerging from in reasonable time 231 ,, Whistling on entering and passing through 416, 483 ,, Working in 483 m T— rr ■ f 411> 412> 510 Two Engines on one Train j 526 xl INDEX. u Tlule. nclaimed Luggage or Money 18, 335 ncoupling of Vehicles 26, 307, 344 Under Giuard to obey Head Guard 270, 310 Uniform 8,22,143,147 „ Time 44, 45, 337 Unloading and loading of round timber, &c 194 Unusual stoppage of Train, Guards to request passengers to) keep their seats in case of j Yalue Parcels 336 ans (Break), Riding in, without authority 14, 195, 272 „ on Trains working on steep Gradients 360, 364 „ Sand-boxes in 313 Vehicle or Train running away on proper Line 136, 137, 241 ,, ,, back on wrong Line 136, 240 "Vehicles, Attaching and Detaching of {344' n T it- re (26,173,174 „ Coupling and Lncoupling of ^ 201, 307, 344 Defective..^ 814 ■p. , 1 • n J. qj. f (191, 245, 297 „ Detaching of, at Stations | 0>9^' Getting foul of Main Line through neglect 184 Carrying capacity of 200 Doors of, not to be opened when Train in motion... 163 to be closed 163, 201, 319 Examination of 175 getting detached 185 Injury to 347, 348 Last on Train, Indication of 91, 135 of Goods Train, Attaching and Detaching of, where) 183, 184, 201 Line is not level ) 344 „ Searching of 100, 335 y> >y 5) yy yy yy yy » yy yy yy . . (183, 201, 240 Shunting of ^350, 351 to be placed within Safety Points and Scotch) ,rw 9n| OOQ Blocks — ) Ventilators of empty Carriages to be opened 160, 329 Vigilance in working Signals 218 Violence not to be used 34, 38 INDEX. Xli w 5> Rule. ages may be withheld during Suspension, &c 20 aggons (Ballast) in Sidings to be properly secured 468 (Boiler), Chains of, to be secured 349 Coupling and Uncoupling of { „ Damaged or disabled 347,348 „ Defective 314 „ Doors of, to be fastened 201, 350 ,, Examination of 175 . , (183,184,201, „ in Sidings to be secured | ' ' „ Labelling of 346 „ loaded with Gioods liable to be set on Fire 339, 353 i , -i T i • (183,184,201, ,, shunted on Inclines ) 344 351 4*>0 C 183* 184' 201, „ Shunting of 3 246, 350, 351, ( 352, 420 „ Carrying capacity of 200 TW m e 4- Of f (191, 245,297, ,, Detaching of, at Stations | Watches to be regulated 44, 45, 337 Water Cranes to be secured 159 ,, Tanks, Hose of, to be secured ; 434 Waving of Light violently denotes Danger 49 Way-bills, Parcels to be compared with 274 Way-bills, to be initialled by Gruards 274 Weight, Maximum to be put in Waggons 200 Wheels not to be skidded 313 Whistle not to be sounded unnecessarily 404 „ to be sounded before moving Engine 403 ,, „ ' ,, by Drivers of Special Trains 405 Whistles used in Signalling between two Engines on one Train 413 Whistling at Stations or Tunnels 416,483 „ in ease of Train obscured by steam or smoke 429 „ on approaching Junctions 402 „ to warn Men '. 416,483 „ when detained at Home, Starting, or Advanced^ 67,75,215, Starting Signals ) 390 when stopped on Main Line, waiting to be crossed ) r~. 9, „on ii T • / o/. kjio, oyu on other Live ) ' ' xlii INDEX. Rule. Windows of empty Carriages to be closed 160, 329 „ of Carriages broken 314 Wires of Signals to be regulated and reported if defective 144, 208, 462 Wires of Signals to be repaired 461 Witnesses' names and addresses to be taken 41, 171 Working in Tunnels 483 of Junction Signal;.., 223 of Signals, Points, &c., to be tested £ ^22' *>(34' „ (Staff and Ticket) 493 Station Yard 81-83 Time-tables, to wliom supplied 1440^' Workmen not to travel with ordinary Passengers 330, 488 „ Duties of in case of fires 474 Works, &c., defective, Reporting of 303, 419, 462 „ Examination of, in case of floods 471 Wrangling, Punishment for 10 Wrong Line, Engine or Train running on 289, 409 „ ,, Train or Vehicle running back on 136,210 Yard, Working Station ard Foremen, Examination of Trains 81-83 175 RULES AND REGULATIONS. GENERAL REGULATIONS. 1. Every person employed by tlie Com- Conditions • • j i 1 i ' i e of service missioners must devote himself exclusively to their service; lie must reside at what¬ ever place may he appointed, attend at such hours as may he required, pay prompt obedience to all persons placed in authority over him, and conform to all the Rules and Regulations of the Commissioners. 2. Every Station-master, Inspector, Regulations Engine-driver, Eireman, Guard, Train Ex- fng trS?" • • i -Tpv i • table—to aminer, signalman, Jroliceman, Ganger, whom sup- Eoreman, Shunter, Yardman, and Gate-phed' man, and also every Operator, Clerk, and Porter connected with the working of the Railway, must he supplied with, and have with him when on duty, and produce when required, a copy of these Rules and Regulations, the current Work¬ ing Time-table hook, or section of the hook, and the Appendix thereto where issued; and every man engaged on the Permanent- Way and works aifecting the Running Lines must he supplied with a copy of these Rules and Regulations. * O D 2 GENERAL REGULATIONS. Exception. Exception.—Where two or more men are employed at one Signal-box, it is not necessary to supply each man with a separate copy of the Working Time-table Hook, or section of the book, as the case may be, nor of the Appendix or Special Train Notices; but one copy of each must be supplied for the use of all the men employed at the Signal-box. A copy of each must also be kept in each Station-masters Office ; and at Stations where the Foremen, Porters, or other employes connected with the working of the traffic, use, or hare ordinary access to, the Station-master's Office, a further copy of each must be kept in such Office, so as to be accessible for reference by those men. At Stations where the men do not use the Station-master's Office, a copy of each must be kept in a convenient place to which all engaged in the working of the traffic have ready access. It is not necessary to supply Firemen who have not been passed to act as Fngine-drivers with the Working Time-tables or Special Train Notices. -iirpSns Although tlie Rules and Regulations anr/compiy given hereafter under different heads are wifch- made specially for the observance of those persons employed in doing the work re¬ quired by such Rules and Regulations, yet every employee must make himself tho¬ roughly acquainted with them, and will he held responsible for a knowledge of, and compliance with, the whole of them. AU pcIS Every employee must assist in carry- incarrying- ing out the Rules and Regulations, and Regulations. immediately report to his superior officer any infringment thereof, or any occurrence which may come under his notice affecting the safe and proper working of the traffic. GENERAL REGULATIONS. 3 5. If any employee of tlie Commis- Lost copies sioners lose liis copy of the Rules and tions, &c., [Regulations, Time-table, Appendix, or placed, other document of which the Regulations o require that he should be in possession, he must immediately obtain another copy from his superior officer. 6. The name and address of each person Names and 1 -1 . ., i . p i -J -|-» addresses of employed m the working of the ixailway servants, must he registered at the Station or Depot to which he is attached, or at which he is paid, and the names and addresses of all persons connected with the Traffic Depart¬ ment (including Dog-Signalmen) must be posted in the Station-master's Office, so that, if required in cases of emergency, the men may he readily found. Any change of address must he at once notified, in order that the record may he kept perfect. 7. No employee is allowed, under any Absence • j j.1* i n p -ij from, and circumstances, to absent himself from duty, exchange of, to alter his appointed hours of attendance, u y* or to exchange duty with any other em¬ ployee, without the special permission of his superior officer. In case of illness, he Illness must immediately report the circumstance to his superior officer. GENERAL REGULATIONS. wearing1 and 8. Every employee receiving uniform care of. must, when on duty, appear in it clean and neat, with the number and badge perfect; and if any article provided by the Com¬ missioners be damaged by improper use, it Property of must be made good by the employee using the Com it is- • • sioners not it. No employee is allowed to convert to to be con- . j • t j i i e j i vertedtoany lus ownuse any article the property 01 the employees " own use. u ommissioners. employees! 9. All employees must be prompt, civil, and obliging. They must at all times afford every proper facility for the business to be performed, be careful to give correct information, and when asked, give their names without hesitation. punishment Any employee using improper wrangimg. ]anguage, or entering into an altercation with the public or bis fellow-employee whatever provocation may be given, will be liable to dismissal. Public Notices. 11. The Public Notices required by the Government Railways Act of 1888, such as the Tolls, By-laws, and Regulations, Coaching and Goods Rate Books, and List of Penalties, must be fixed in the most conspicuous place at each Station; and GENERAL REGULATIONS. 5 employees responsible must always be pro- pared to prove that such Notices are pro¬ perly exhibited. 12. All employees holding situations of Giving . J •11 1 * 1 J_ 1 occiuity. trust will be required to lind security lor their fidelity, of such kind and in such manner as the Commissioners may re¬ quire, and they will he held personally responsible for seeing that security is given by those members of their staff who are entrusted with the handling of cash. 13. Every officer is responsible for Officers to each person under his control keeping the hooks and T i i "j j "i • accounts. proper records, books, and accounts appli¬ cable to his duties. Any employee fail¬ ing to report an irregularity which may come to his knowledge will incur the same responsibility as if he were the person in fault. 14. No officer or employee of the Com- Travelling missioners is allowed to travel on the Eail- pass or way, unless provided with a proper ticket, bidden. e • i n i i • Riding on or tree pass ; nor is lie allowed, unless in engine, or the execution of his duty, to ride on the van, without • • i-I I • special au- Engine, or m the .Break-van, or m any th ority for- 1 • i • i'ii l bidden. vehicle m which luggage or parcels are 6 GENERAL REGULATIONS. conveyed, without written or printed per¬ mission from a properly authorized officer of the Commissioners. Refresh- 15. No Guard, Engine-driver, Eireman, mentsrooms 0. 1 .. j ji -entering bimalman, roliceman, rorter, or other em- without 0 , o ji • • t »i special per- employee oi the Commissioners, while on TRKmon for- _L €/ hidden. duty, is allowed to enter a Station llefresh- ment-room, except by permission of the Station-master, or person in charge of the Station. Fees or 16. No money or gratuitv, in the shape Gratuities ^ must not be of fee, reward, or remuneration, is allowed accepted. x 1 x l _C r.1 to be taken from passengers, or other per¬ sons, by any employee of the Commis¬ sioners, under any pretence whatever, even although it may not be his regular hours of duty. Luggage left 17. Employees must not take charge of gers not to luggage or other articles left at the Station be taken OO o charge of by for the convenience of passengers. All such luggage or articles must be deposited in the Left Luggage Office in the regular manner. Unclaimed 18. All unclaimed or lost luggage, luggage, &c. nioney5 or otlier property, found in the carriages, at the Stations, or upon the Line, GENERAL REGULATIONS, 7 must be immediately delivered to the person in charge of the Station at or nearest to the place where the article has been found, and dealt with by him in accordance with the Commissioners' in¬ structions upon the subject. 19. No employee of the Commissioners Trading for- is allowed to trade, either directly or in-bldden" directly, for himself or others. 20. The Commissioners reserve the right Misconduct j •-! i • ~i*~j punishable. to punish any employee by immediate dismissal, fine, or suspension from duty, for intoxication, disobedience of orders, negligence, or misconduct, or for being absent from duty without leave; they also reserve the right to deduct from the pay of their employees, and retain, the sums which may be imposed as fines, and to withhold their wages during the time of their suspension or absence from duty from any cause. Should ANY EMPLOYEE THINK HIMSELF AG- Employees GRIEYED AT ANY TIME, HE SHOULD APPEAL TO THE HEAD OF niS DEPARTMENT, AND FINALLY HE Board. MAY MEMORIALIZE THE BOARD ; BUT IN SUCH CASE THE MEMORIxVL MUST BE SENT THROUGH THE HEAD OF HIS DEPARTMENT. 8 ^GENERAL REGULATIONS. Not to leave 21. No employee of the Commissioners, the service -• . • i *111 t without unless temporarily employed, will be al- proper lowed to leave the service without giving ,lotlce' the following notice in writing of his in¬ tention to do so, under pain of forfeiting any salary or wages which may he due :— Officers paid by yearly salary, one month; employees paid by daily or weekly wages; one week. On leaving _ 22. "When a man leaves the service, he service, uni- » • i • j_ i it* i • • p form and aii must immediately deliver up his uniform thAommis- and all other articles belonging to the Com- sioners to be . A j 1 j it returned, missioners. Any money that may be due for wages to any man leaving the service will not be paid until the clothing, book of rules, lamps, flags, tools, detonators, and all other articles the property of the Com¬ missioners which may have been supplied to him, shall have been delivered up in ac¬ cordance with these Regulations. If not delivered up, or if any article be missing, or be damaged by improper use, the cost of such article, or of the repair of such damage, shall be a debt due from the man to the Commissioners, and may be deducted from any pay then due, or, if such pay be found insufficient to meet the claim, will become a debt recoverable at law. GENERAL REGULATIONS. 9 23. The Commissioners reserve the Rent, right to deduct from the pay of any employee, who is a tenant of the Commis¬ sioners, any sums due for rent. 24. No employee will he allowed to keep Animals -i -| -i i«i trespassing. any animals upon railway lands which are not properly fenced, nor until permission has been given by an authorized officer. 25. All testimonials and letters of re« Testimonials and letters commendation, except such as are ad- dressed to the Commissioners or their officers, will, if required, he returned by the Commissioners at the time the person whom they concern leaves the service. 26. All employees must exercise proper Getting be- • i i • Ti (* 11 tween vebi- care m getting between vehicles tor the ciestocoupie n T t or uncouple purpose ot coupling or uncoupling them. them. Not to They must not iump on to the steps or foot- steps oTtoot- 1 -i rpi • i . -i i . boards of boards ot Trams entering or departing Trains enter- r» cn j j • ing Stations. trom Stations. 27. The employees of the Commissioners, Employees more especially those engaged in the SnSesse working of Trains and in shunting andtodanger other similar operations, must not expose themselves to danger; and all are re¬ quested to prevent, as far as they possibly can, such exposure on the part of their 10 GENERAL REGULATIONS. fellow-employees, and to spare no oppor¬ tunity of warning those who neglect to take proper care. Packless exposure of himself or others to danger, on the part of any employee of the Commissioners, will he treated as an offence against the Regulations. 28. In the event of any person trespass- Tvespassing. • i p • j_ •/ i j_ i mg, and refusing to quit when requested to do so, the name and address of such person must be obtained, and the circum¬ stances reported to the nearest Station- master. If the offender also refuse to give his name and address, he must be detained and given in charge of the police. In the event of such person leaving the premises upon being requested, he must be warned not to go or pass thereon again. Employees 29. Employees must not walk upon the trespassing. £,inej except when it is necessary for them to do so in the execution of their duty. specials go. Special Trains or Engines have run without 1 o notice. frequently to be run without previous notice of any kind, it is necessary for the staff along the Line to be, at all times, prepared for such extra trains or engines. GENERAL REGULATIONS. 11 31. The safety of the public must, under Public safety all circumstances, be the chief care of the importance, employees of the Commissioners. 32. Whenever the term "Main Line" is "Main Line i • i i-i —|. -w~ . p means Run* used, it means the liunnmg Line ot any mng Line, flail way or Branch. Whenever the word " Train " is used, it "Train" in* must be understood to include "Light "Light Engine," i.e., engine without a train. Engme* Whenever the words " Goods Train " are " Goods used, they must be understood to include eludes all 11 j • i -p> i • t trains ex- all trams except 1 assenger trains and cept Pas- those shown in the Working Time Table trains, as " mixed " trains. 33. Whenever the term cc Signal Box " Signal Box . i . n • r • j S i definition. is used m these rules, it is to be under¬ stood as applying to the place where the signal levers are fixed. 3d. In case of violation of the Govern- Violence not ment Bail ways Act, or of the By-laws oft0 b°Ubed' the Commissioners, not affecting the safety of the public or their property, the mildest means of prevention must be adopted. Where it becomes necessary, and is justi¬ fiable, to use force, it must only be done 12 GENERAL REGULATIONS. when all other means fail, and then only such force or compulsion must he used as may he absolutely necessary. 85. Any employee, and all persons called hy him to his assistance, may seize and detain any person who shall have committed any offence against the pro¬ vision of " The Government Railways Act, 1888," or of the By-laws made under the authority thereof, and whose name and residence shall be unknown to such em¬ ployee, and may give such person in charge to a police constable, to he conveyed with all convenient speed before some Magis¬ trate. Duty of 36. Any one of the employees of the constables. /-* • • -i • i i Commissioners who is a sworn constable may take into custody any one whom he may see commit an assault upon another at any of the Stations, for the purpose of putting an end to the fight or affray. But this is to he used with extreme caution, and not if the fight or affray is at an end before the constable interferes ; and he is not to detain any one against the desire of the Station-master. Taking offenders into cus¬ tody. GENERAL REGULATIONS. 13 37. As a general rule, great caution is No person to » 7 7 7« 7 / • • • • detained to be observed in detaining or qwinq any whose name J. 7 7 and address person, more particularly a passenger, are known. into custody; and as the detaining or giving any one into custody is only for the purpose of insuring his appearance to answer any charge that may be preferred against him, no one should he detained whose name and residence are known either to the Station-master or other officer, or to any respectable person with whom such officer may be acquainted, or who may give an address and produce suf¬ ficient evidence that it is genuine. 38. If it become necessary to remove Smoking, any passenger from a carriage for smoking or other slight case where the foundation of the charge appears to be doubtful, after being warned to desist, he should be first requested to leave; and if he refuse, care should be taken not to use unnecessary force in removing him. And it is desir¬ able that the guard or other employee, on warning him to desist, should first sfate to liim that he is liable, if he persists in smoking, to incur a penalty, and to be re¬ moved. 14 GENERAL REGULATIONS. Removal 39. Before any one is removed from carriage. any carriage, the Station-master, or other employee who orders his removal, is re¬ quired carefully to ascertain the cause and nature of the complaint against him; Names and and he is also to take down the names, addresses of t . » n . . persons addresses, and occupations ot the parties complaining- , . . x . . i to be taken complaining, so as to prevent any un¬ founded charge from being brought against any passenger. PoniCde -vhefe 40. At all stations where the aid of police practicable, can be obtained, it is desirable to call in a police constable to take any charge which it may be necessary to prefer. Witnesses' 41. In all cases where there has been names to be * i j * r* j i j obtained, any violation or the Government xiailways Act, or the By-laws of the Commissioners, and in all cases of accidents, it is desirable that the names and addresses of two or more persons present on the occasion he reported, with the name and address of the offending person, for after reference if necessary. In case of 42. Whenever any person is detained dctGntion immediate or taken into custody, a telegraphic mes- reporttobe . . . , . i i i made. sage, stating his name, address, and occupation, and the nature of the charge, UNIFORM TIME TO BE KEPT. 15 is instantly to be forwarded to tlie Chief Traffic Manager; and a written report is also to be sent by the next train, stating, with the particulars of the case, when and where the charge is to be heard. 43. Any one taken into custody should Person be taken before a magistrate as soon as be taken before practicable. Magistrate J- at once. UNIFORM TIME TO BE v KEPT BY GUARDS, AND AT ALL STATIONS. 44. Sydney time, which is adopted Sydney v v ' _L tuiiP sent. throughout all the Railways in the Colony, daily, will be sent to the principal Stations daily, by telegraph, in accordance with the special instructions on the subject, and Clocks Clocks to be . , i i j t i regulated. must be regulated accordingly. 45. In order to insure uniform time being instructions, kept at all the Stations on the Line to which time is not telegraphed, the following in¬ structions must be strictly observed :— (a.) Each guard must, before start¬ ing on his journey, satisfy himself UNIFORM TIME TO BE KEPT. J tliat liis watcli is correct with the clock at the Station from which he starts, and he must again compare it, and regulate it if necessary, by the clock at the Station where his journey ends, before commencing his return journey. ( i . . -a • allowed for Guard or fireman to rejoin lus yan or man to engine before the Home or Starting Signal van or o engine IS lowered. before Signal is lowered. When a Home Signal has been lowered Method of for the passing of a train it must not, at Home those Stations of Junctions where the Signals and Points are interlocked (except in case of accident or obstruction), be again placed at Banger until such train has been brought to a stand, or has passed within the Home Signal. Where the Points and Signals are not interlocked the Home Signal must be placed at Hanger immediately the Engine has passed it. 30 DISTANT SIGNALS. DISTANT SIGNALS. i Shape of 68. Distant Signals are Semaphore . o Arms when fixed at a considerable dis¬ used as Dis- . tant signals, tance from the point at which the Home Signal is placed, and are distinguished by the arms being fished thus :— D?stontand 69. Where it is found necessary to place sauie^post. ^ie Distant Signal Arm from a Signal-box in advance on the Home or Starting Signal Post, applicable to the same Line, of the Box in the rear, the Distant Signal will be the lower and the Home or Starting Signal the upper Arm of that Post. tantswais ^0. Distant Signals must be placed at Danger immediately they are passed by a train or engine, and must not, where the Block Working is in operation, be again taken off, except as prescribed by the Block Telegraph Begulations. They must also be placed at Danger whenever any obstruction or danger exists upon the Line they are in¬ tended to protect, and so remain until the obstruction or danger is removed. Distant signals. 81 71. "Whenever tlie Distant Signal is at geof Home Danger, the Danger Signal must also he lgna' exhibited at the Home Signal, except when a train has passed the Distant Signal at Danger, or in the case of an approaching train for which both the Signals have to be taken off. In the latter case the Home Signal must be taken off first and the Distant Sig¬ nal placed at Danger as soon as the train has passed it; and in the former case, the Home Signal only must be lowered to allow the train to pass. 72. When an Engine-driver finds a Dis- Observance j i £-ni • -| j -i-v i i • of Distant tant Signal at Danger, he must imme- signals, diately reduce the speed of his train so as to be able, in case of need, to stop at such Signal; but if he see that the way in front of him is clear, he must proceed slowly and cautiously within the Distant Signal, having such control of his train as to be able to stop it short of a,ny obstruction that may exist between such Signal and the Home Signal, and must bring his train to a stand as near the Home Signal as the circumstances of the case will allow. 73. Engine-drivers must, in all cases, SveVatter approach cautiously any Siding, Station, Distant Signal 32 STARTING SIGNALS. or Junction, where the view of the line is obstructed from any cause; and if, after having passed the Distant Signal at Dan¬ ger the Home Signal is observed to he lowered, the Speed of the Train must not be increased unless it is seen that the Line is clear, as the Home Signal may have been lowered for a previous Engine or Train that had been brought to a stand between the Distant and Home Signals. Starting and Advanced Starting Signals. Starting and 74<. Where these Signals are used, they Advanced t/ Starting are intended to control the departure of Signals not . • j_ ji n x* l 11 x to be passed trams into the Section ahead, and must at Danger. , i i x x never be passed when at Danger, except as follows:— Exception. Exception.— Where the Points of Sidings or Cross-over roads are so near to a Starting Signal or Advanced Starting Signal as to render it necessary for the Signal to be passed for shunting purposes, Engine-drivers may, for the purpose of performing shunting operations, pass the Starting Signal or Advanced Starting Signal when at Eanger upon being directed to do so by the Signalman, either verbally or by Sand Sig?ial, which must, in all cases, be given by a Green Hand Lamp or a Green Flag ; but they must not, under any circum¬ stances, proceed on their journey until the Starting Signal or Advanced Starting Signal has been lowered, indicating that the Section ahead is clear. STARTING SIGNALS. 33 75. Wlien the Line is clear between the Line clear Starting and Advanced Starting Signals, Starting- and j-i ci • -l i o j Advanced the Signalman may, when necessary, alter a starting train has been brought to a stand, lower the blgnals" Starting Signal to allow sncli Train to pro¬ ceed towards the Advanced Starting Signal. If the Advanced Starting Signal be not i; Advanced lowered for him to proceed, the Engine- s£na"be I • j nj • • i • i i • not lowered, driver must, alter arriving at it, sound his signalman whistle at short intervals, and if still reminded of detained, the Hear Guard, or the Eireman train or in the case of a light-engine, must proceedensme* to the Signal-box and remind the Signal¬ man of the position of the train or engine, and remain there until the Signalman can give permission to go forward. Sufficient time must be allowed for the Guard or Eireman to rejoin his van or engine before the Advanced Starting Signal is lowered. In foggy weather or during falling snow use 0f no train must be drawn forward past the Starting Starting Signal towards the advanced Start- fd|gylsin ing Signal except for station duties and 2gr or shunting purposes. Advanced Starting snow? Signals must not be used in foggy weather or during falling snow for a train to draw up to or stand at " waiting Line clear." F 34 STARTING SIGNALS. iianaJsSon ^6. Starting Signals at Stations on single lines. single lines, where the points and signals are interlocked, are for the purpose of in¬ dicating to Engine-drivers, when they are lowered, that the points are set correctly for the road to which they refer, jEngine* drivers, however, must not proceed on their journey into the section ahead without the necessary authority under the 'Regulations for working single lines. Home, Dis¬ tant, and Starting Sig¬ nals apply only to trains run¬ ning in the proper direction. Mode of signalling during shunting, and of sig¬ nalling trains run¬ ning in wrong direction Signalling in connection with Trains Shunting or Running in Wrong Direction. 77. Home, Distant, and Starting Signals, apply only to trains or engines running in the proper direction on the Main Lines, and must not he used for any other pur¬ pose. Trains or engines running in the wrong direction on either Line must be signalled by Hand Lamp or Elag. Trains or engines shunting from one Main Line to the other, or shunting into, or out of, Sidings connected with the Main Line, must, unless Eixed Signals are provided for the purpose of signalling such opera¬ tions, he signalled either verbally, or by SIDING SIGNALS. 35 Hand Lamp or Flag, as occasion may re¬ quire ; it being necessary, in sucli cases, that the Hanger Signal should be exhibited at the Home Signal, as well as at the Histant Signal, for the protection of the train or engine so employed. SIDING SIGNALS. 78. "When the exit from Sidings is |j^s controlled by ground Disc or dwarf Sema¬ phore Signals, no train or engine must leave the Siding unless the Signal is turned off or lowered. 79. When Ground Disc Signals are Discs not to connected with the points they are for the without* p • *i • j • j i signal from purpose oi indicating which way the Guard or J- ■*- e/ cLmm+O*. • i -I • -i-i • i • j i o onunter. points lie. Engine-drivers must, betore proceeding through such points, receive a further signal either verbal or by hand from the Shunter, Guard, or Signalman in charge, to show that the points have been set for that particular train or engine. 80. When Ground Disc Signals are independent worked independently of the points they treated as are to be used as Siding Starting Signals. 1§!S? 36 STATION YARD WORKING. STATION YARD WORKING. station Yard 81. "Where the traffic through any Sta- working. |*011 Worked under special instructions, tlie Signalman, before lowering the Signal for a train to enter the Station, must satisfy himself that the Line is clear to the point the train has to run to; but if he be in doubt, or if there be another train at the platform to which the train has to run, he must stop the train and caution the Engine-driver, both verbally and by Hand Signal, before he allows it to enter the Station. Such Station must be entered by Engine-drivers with special care, as prescribed for approaching terminal Stations.—See Ride 416. Signals not 82. The Signals at the entrance of such ed until Stations must not be lowered for trains to Sp6flftl m • • • Regulations enter until the Signalman is satisfied that have been • ^ complied the special Regulations have been complied with. •, i with. Engine- 33 # Engine-drivers of trains must regu- drivers to t o o underrains ^ ate their speed in approaching such Stations control. iu accordance with Rule 416. Engine- drivers of trains when within Station limits DEFECTIVE SIGNALS. 37 must have their engines under such control as to be able to stop clear of Points and Crossings, or of any obstruction there may be, should the signals at any of the inter¬ mediate Signal boxes not be lowered for the passage of their trains. DEFECTIVE SIGNALS. 84. Every Station-master, Signalman, Defective 7 o 9 ' Signals Gateman, or other person must, in the temporary event of any Home, Distant, or Starting mentfuntu Signal under his charge becoming defective, ofder.1 strictly carry out Regulations 208 and 209, and a competent man, or, if necessary, two or more competent men, must be selected, provided with the necessary Hand Signals and Detonators, and appointed to signal in place of such defective Signal until it is again in proper working order. "Where the circumstances of the case admit of such an arrangement, the Station- master must select proper men from his own staff for the purpose; but where this cannot be done, he must apply to the nearest Ganger for competent Platelayers. 38 DETONATING SIGNALS. Signal not 85. The absence of a Signal at a place shown, or , 01 • i • imperfectly where a Signal IS Signal imperfectly exhibited, must be con¬ sidered a Danger Signal,and treated accord¬ ingly, and tlief act reported to the Signalman or Station-master. ordinarily shown, or a DETONATING- SIGNALS. , 86. Every Guard, Signalman, Engine- driver, Gateman, and Ganger of Platelayers will he provided with Detonators, which he is always to have ready for use whilst on duty; and every person in charge of a Station must keep a supply of these Signals in a suitable place, known by, and easy of access at all times to, every person connected with the Station. All the persons above-named will he held responsible for keeping up the proper supply of Detonators. How to be 87. Detonating Signals are to he used for ran. the purpose of attracting the attention of Engine-drivers. They must he placed on the rail (label upwards) and the clasps bent round the upper flange of the rail to DETONATING SIGNALS. 39 prevent tlieir falling off, and must be ob¬ served by Engine-drivers as follows :— "When an Engine explodes a Detonator in clear weather, the Engine-driver must exploding immediately shut off steam, reduce theDetonator- speed, and bring his train under such complete control as to enable him to stop at once if required, and then proceed cautiously to the place of obstruction or until he receive a further signal for his guidance. When an engine explodes a Detonator in foggy weather or during falling snow, the Engine-driver must immediately shut off steam, and bring his train under complete control, so as to be prepared to obey any signal that may be exhibited. If hereceive a Eed or Danger Hand Signal, unless he be satisfied that the signal is exhibited for the purpose of repeating a Distant Signal at Danger, he must at once bring his engine to a stand, and then proceed cau¬ tiously to the point the Hand Signal is intended to protect, or until he receive a Signal to proceed; and if he receive a Green or Caution Hand Signal, he must actin accordance with K/ule 430. 40 TRAIN SIGNALS. If the lied or Danger Hand Signal be exhibited to repeat a Distant Signal at Danger, the Engine-driver may, after having shut off steam, proceed cautiously in the direction of the Home Signal. The absence of any signal after the explosion of a Detonator must be considered equal to the exhibition of a Danger Signal. When used to repeat Eixed Signals and call attention to the fact of their being at Danger, the Detonators must be observed in the same way that such Eixed Signals would be observed if clearly seen to be at Danger. carefully 88. Detonators must be carefully handled, as they are liable to explode if roughly treated. It is necessary to keep them well protected from damp. At intervals of not more than two months, one from each Stock must , . , i i j i i j be tested. person s stock must be tested, to ensure that they are in good condition. TBAIN SIGNALS. HeadnLanfPs 89. Eor the information of Station- and discs. masters and Signalmen, each engine must carry the distinctive Head Lamps or Discs prescribed. TRAIN SIGNALS. 41 90. After sunset, and in tlie daytime also Tai] side> during foggy weather or falling snow, every after engine must carry the necessary Head •1^lynd Lights, and, when running alone, a Led S^now. Tail Light also; and every train must carry a Ited Tail Light and two Led Side Lights in the rear of the train, except where it is otherwise directed. 91. Every train travelling on the Line Tail Lamp must have a Tail Lamp attached to the vehicle, last vehicle by night, or during a fog, and a small White Board by day, except when assisted by an Engine in the rear, when the rear Engine must carry the Tait Lamp or Board. Its presence in the rear of each passing Train will furnish evidence to the Staff along the line that no portion of the Train has become detached on the road. 92. Engines when running on the Main En-ineTaii o O Lamp. Line without a train must carry in the rear a Tail Board by day and a Tail Lamp by night. Engines assisting trains in the rear must carry a Tail Board or Lamp. Engines drawing trains must not carry any Tail Board or Tail Lamp in the rear. 42 TRAIN SIGNALS. In the case of two or more engines running coupled together without a train, the last engine only must carry a Tail Board or Lamp in the rear. following1 93. A Bed Board or a B;ed Blag hy day or an additional Bed Tail Lamp hy night, carried on the last vehicle of a train or on an engine, indicates that a special train or rmTwlthout engine is 1° follow. As, however, special notice. trains or engines have frequently to he run without previous notice of any kind, it is necessary for the staff along the Line to he at all times prepared for such extra trains or engines. fSofn 94. When a Special Train is run on denotes Single Lines at short notice, and the pre- Train*1 ceding Train in the same direction has not oppositein carried the Signal provided for in Bule 93, a Bed Board hy day, or a Bed Lamp in addition to the ordinary Head-light hy night, is to he placed in front of the Engine proceeding in the opposite direc¬ tion until it shunts for the Special, when it is to he removed. This will notify that a Special Train is to he run in the opposite direction to the Train carrying the Signal in front. direction. TRAIN SIGNALS. 43 95. The Station-master or person in Special charge at the starting-point of a Special following-. Train is responsible for the Signals being exhibited as directed in the preceding rule, and for informing the guard in charge of it of the description and destination of the Special Train. Station-masters who are aware of the running of Special Trains will be held responsible for informing Engine-drivers and Guards, and Drivers and Guards must see that their Trains are properly targeted. The Guard of a Train preceding the Special Train is required to see that the Tail-board, Plag, or extra Lamp is removed when no longer wanted, and he must inform the person in charge of each Station at which he stops of the description and destination of the Train that is following. All persons employed upon the lines are particularly instructed to keep a look-out for these Train Signals. 96. Where trains are run in the same Parallel direction on parallel Lines, special Pegu- Special lations for Head, Side, and Tail Lamps iKhSS18 will be made, when necessary, to meet the Tail Lampa circumstances of each case.—See Appendix to the wokking book. SIGNALLING IN FOGGY WEATHER. Station- masters responsible for employ¬ ing' Fog- gigrialmen -whenever necessary. Fog, or snow-storm in day time. Signalling in Foggy Weather, or during falling snow. 97. During foggy weather or falling snow, it is the duty of the Station-master to take care that Fog-signalmen are employed, when necessary, at all the places where their services are required; and, where Platelayers are employed for the purpose, to arrange beforehand with the Inspector of Permanent-way for the dis¬ trict, the Platelayers who are to act as Fog-signalmen at the various Posts. The Foreman, Ganger, or Leading Man must not he assigned a fixed Post, hut must he left free to examine his road as directed by Pule 461. 98. In the event of a fog or snow-storm occurring during the day, between 6 a.m. and 8 p.m., the men appointed to act as Fog-signalmen must at once report them¬ selves to the Station-master, and take his instructions; those who have to do duty at Junctions or intermediate Signal-boxes away from a Station, must report them¬ selves to the Signalmen on duty at the respective Boxes. SIGNALLING IN FOGGY WEATHER. 45 99. When it is necessary to employ Employment # • • of Fog-sig- Fog-signalmen during the night, between nalmen in 8 p.m. and 6 a.m., the Station-master must arrange to have the men called, and sent to their respective Posts. If the Fog- signalmen become aware, from, their own observation, or from information given to them, that their services are required during the night, or at any other time when off duty, they must at once report themselves to the Station-master, or to the Signalman at any Junction or inter¬ mediate Signal-box away from a Station, without waiting to be called; but this will not relieve the Station-master or Officer-in- Charge from the responsibility of sending for the Fog-signalmen when necessary. When the fog has sufficiently cleared Fog-signal- away, or the snow-storm has ceased, the Signalman's Fog-signalmen must go to the Signalman before at the box in connection with which they duty"" are employed, and take his instructions as to whether their services are any longer required for Fog-signalling duties. 100. A list of the names and addresses of Addresses the Fog-signalmen, showing the post to Fot?SXi-of which each man is appointed, must be kept 46 SIGNALLING IN FOGGY WEATHER. Articles supplied to exhibited in a conspicuous position in the Station-master's Office, Signalman's box, or other convenient place. 101. Each Eog-signalman must, before Fog-sigmi- proceeding to his post, he supplied with Detonators (not less than 12), a Hand Signal Lamp (trimmed and lighted), and a Red and a Green Elag. If signalling for a Distant Signal, he must place himself outside the Signal in connection writh which he works, and as far from it as is con¬ sistent with his keeping it well in sight; and whenever a train or engine has passed him in the direction of the Signal-box from which the Signal is worked, and so long as the Signal exhibits the Danger Signal, he must place and keep two Deto¬ nators fixed, ten yards apart, on one rail of the Line for which he is signalling, and exhibit a Red Hand Signal to the Engine- driver and Guard of an approaching train or engine; and when the Signal is lowered or taken off, he must remove the Detona¬ tors from the rail, and exhibit to the En¬ gine-driver and Guard an All Right Hand Signal, in accordance with Rule 48, by day, and an All Right Signal by Hand SIGNALLING IN FOGGY WEATHER. Lamp at night. If he becomes aware of any obstruction existing on the Line in the immediate neighbourhood of the Signal for which he is signalling, either from a train or engine not haying gone forward, or from any other cause, he must leave the Detonators on the rail and go back along the Line, showing a Led Light with his Hand Lamp, a sufficient distance to protect such obstruction, and must there place on one rail of the Line for which he is signalling two Detonators, ten yards apart, and return to within sight of the Distant Signal; and when he is satisfied that the obstruction has been removed, he must take up the more distant Detonators, and then return to his Post. When Pog-signalmen are employed in connection with Home or Starting Signals, they must place two Detonators, ten yards apart, on one rail of each Line for which the Signal is at Danger, and carry out any instructions they may receive from the Signalman on duty. Men employed in Pog-signalling, after having fixed the Detonators on the rails, must, when practicable, place themselves 48 SIGNALLING IN FOGGY WEATHER. about 30 yards within them—that is, nearer the Pixed Signal or obstruction for which they are signalling—and so exhibit the Hand Signals that they may be seen by Drivers after the engine has exploded the Detonators. In repeating Pixed Signals when at Danger, a Red Hand Signal must, in all cases, be used. Guards not Guards must, in all cases, act strictly in Fog-signai- accordance with Rules 285, 286, 287, and tection'ofr0" 288, and must not depend upon Pog- trams. signalmen for the protection of their trains. Detonators 102. A sufficient supply of Detonators to be kept at Stations and for the use of the Pog-signalmen must be boxes."al kept at the Stations and, in the Signal- boxes in connection with which the men are employed. If the number first sup¬ plied to the men is likely to become soon exhausted, they must communicate with the nearest Station or Signal-box, and obtain a further supply. Relief-men 103. The Station-masters (when Porters are employed) or Inspectors of Permanent- way or Gangers (when Platelayers are SIGNALLING IN FOGGY WEATHER. 49 employed), must arrange for Itelief-meii should the fog or snow-storm continue; and arrangements must be made by tbe Refresh- Station-masters for furnishing tbe Fog- Fog-signal - signalmen with needful refreshments. 104. Tbe Station-master must, in all station- cases, satisfy himself that tbe Fog-signal- satisfy him- . self that men have duly proceeded to their respec- Fog-Signai- . . -T» j r • 1 • p J i men are at tive Posts, when it is necessary tor them their posts, to do so; and, where the Fog-signalmen are numerous, a competent man must he appointed to visit them at their Posts, and see that they are properly performing their duties, and are supplied with the necessary Signals, furnishing them with a further supply of Detonators, if re- suPPiy 0f ' Signals. quired. 105. At all Signal-boxes (whether inter- Fog- C/ \ si^nallino* mediate or otherwise) where no Fog- ^signal" Boxes. signalmen are appointed to repeat Fixed Signals, or where such men are appointed hut have not arrived, the Signalman must, when he requires to stop an approaching train, in addition to keeping his Signals at Danger, place opposite his Signal-hox, when it is practicable to do so, two Detonators on each line to which the G 50 signalling in foggy weather, Danger Signal is intended to apply, suffi¬ ciently apart to give two distinct and separate reports. Lamps to be 106. In foggy weather or during falling lighted. snow, when the Day Signals cannot he seen plainly, the Signal Lamps must he lighted, and kept burning. Signals to be 107. During the prevalence of falls of worked and snow, the Signals must be frequently examined in worked by the Signalmen in the intervals ofSsnow.falls of "Line Clear" in order to prevent the snow impeding the free working of the Signals. Dog-signalmen, when employed at Home and Distant Signals, must also see that nothing interferes wTith the true working of the Arms or Discs and Lamps; that the Lamp glasses and spectacles are kept clear from snow; and that the wires work freely over the pulleys. The Dog- signalmen must at once report to the Signalmen any defects in the Signals or impediment to their proper working. If no Dog-signalman is employed, the Ganger of the Permaner^t-way must provide for this duty being performed while the snow or its effect continues. SIGNALLING IN FOGGY WEATHER. 51 108. Where the Line is not worked under foL the Block System, and when the preceding other on Train has not been telegraphed as haying worked on o m thG Block arrived at the next Station in advance, a System. Passenger Train must not, during foggy weather or falling snow, follow a Goods Train, nor must a Passenger Train or Past Goods Train follow a Stopping Passenger Train from a Station, nor pass a Signal-box where traiils are ordinarily signalled, within fifteen minutes; nor then until the Driver has been furnished with a " train ahead notice," as required by Pule 49; 7 • 52 WORKING OVER A SINGLE LINE DURING OBSTRUCTION. REGULATIONS FOE WORKING THE TRAFFIC OF A DOUBLE LINE, OVER A SINGLE LINE OF RAILS, DURING REPAIRS OR OBSTRUCTION. Accidents 109. "When an accident, or obstruction of immediately any kind, occurs on any part of the Line, repoited. mus£ pe immediately reported by tele¬ graph, or by the most expeditious means, to the next Station or Signal-box on each side of the place where the accident or obstruction has occurred, so that notice may be given to the Engine-drivers and Guards of approaching trains, to the Heads of Departments connected with the working of the Line, to the Loco¬ motive Station where the Breakdown Vans for the district are kept, to the District Superintendent, to the District Engineer, to the District Traffic Inspector, and to the Inspector of Permanent-way. It must also be reported by telegraph to those Stations where the starting of other trains is liable to be affected by the delay caused by the obstruction. WORKING OVER A SINGLE LINE DURING OBSTRUCTION. 53 110. Should tlie accident block one of the When one Lines of Railway so as to necessitate the blocked, passing of all Up and Down trains upon a Single Line, immediate steps must he taken to establish Single Line Working, when the following precautions must he adopted:— A competent person must he appointed Appoint- -j-k • i , i . -| • j • i ' mcnt of as Pilotman, who must wear a distinctive pnotman. Badge, which, until the regular Badge can he obtained, must he a Bed Flag tied round Pilotman's his left arm; and no engine must enter upon badge' any portion of the Single Line without the Pilotman being present and riding upon Pilotman to i i i • be present. the said engine, unless two or more trams are required to follow in the same direc¬ tion, in which case the Pilotman must order all trains to proceed and furnish the Driver of each train with a Pilotman's Caution Ticket, shown on page 55, except the last, upon the engine of which he must ride. The tickets granted in such cases will apply only to the single journey to the other end of the section, where they must he immediately given up to the Station-master or Officer-in-Charge, who must cancel the same, and forward it to 5 I WORKING OVER A SINGLE LINE DURING OBSTRUCTION. the Superintendent of the District. In the case of an engine assisting in the rear of the last train, the Pilotman must ride on that engine. If a special engine is supplied for the use of the Pilotman, he must personally start the whole of the trains, and must follow the last train on the engine provided for his use. Additional in addition to the foregoing precautions, precautions. i i -t -t THREE Detonators must he placed clear of the running Line on each rail at both ends of the blocked Line, a short distance from the point where Single Line Work¬ ing commences, and a Red Plag by day and a Red Light by night must also he placed on the blocked Line near to the Detonators. working over a single line during obstruction. FORM OF PILOTMAN'S CAUTION TICKET. Ticket No.. NEW SOUTH WALES RAILWAYS. Line or Branch. Train No. To the Guard and Engine-driver. You are authorised to proceed from to on the_ Line. The last train that left here was at Signature of Pilotman Pate (Back oe the Ticket). This ticket is to be given up by the Engine-driver, immediately on arrival, to the person in charge of the Station to which he is authorised to proceed, to be dealt with as the latter may bo instructed by the District Superintendent of the Line. Note.—The Regular Badge tor the Pilot- man will be a Red Cap. w WORKING OYER A SINGLE LINE DURING OBSTRUCTION. Limit of 111. Single Line Working slionld becon- Working. fined to points at whicli there are. Eixed when Signals with a Cross-oyer road, and at all Cross-over ~ 7 road, times to the shortest length possible; bnt where there . ... r» /-i i j_ sSn"?Fixed 111 event of a Cross-over road not protec¬ ts used. ted by Fixed Signals being used for Single .Line Working, a competent man, with the necessary Signals, must be placed at least 1,200 yards beyond the Cross-over road to signal in place of the Distant Signal, and another man (similarly provided) at the Points to signal in place of the "Home when Hand Signal. Should the distance of 1,200 Soft,? Jar(ls within a tunnel, or close to the plainly seen mouth of a tunnel nearest to the obstruc- by Engine- . . , ... , driver. tion, or in any other position where, owing to the formation of the line or to some other circumstance, the Engine-driver of an approaching train or engine would be unable to obtain a distinct and distant view of the signal, then the signal must be exhibited at the end of the tunnel farthest from the Cross-over road, or at such a distance over and above the pres¬ cribed distance of 1,200 yards as may be necessary to ensure the Engine-driver obtaining a good and distant view of such signal. WORKING OYER A SINGLE LINE DURING OBSTRUCTION. 57 112. Three or more fas maybe necessary) Forms to be \ v fJ / used f0r of tlie printed forms (see paqes 63 8r 6d fo y* establishing • T-7 \ -ill? XI „ Single Line& specimen Form) provided lor the purpose ot working, establishing Single Line Working must be tilled up and signed by the Station-master, or person in charge of the Single Line arrangements. One of these he must deliver to the Signalman in charge of the Cross-over road at which the Single Line working commences; the second must be retained by the Pilotman; and the third conveyed by the Pilotman to the person in charge of the other end of the Single Line. So soon as the person who has made the arrangements for the Single Line Working is satisfied that they are understood, trains and engines may be allowed to go on to the Single Line under the control and by the permission of the Pilotman. Should any intermediate Signal-box or Signalman Station exist between the points at which mediate Post r^4 • 1 *t- • "ttt" * i • j i • to be sup- online Line Working is put into operation. pHedwitha . • copy of a copy of the Porm for Single Line Working Form, must also be left with the person in charge of such intermediate Post. 58 WORKING OVER A SINGLE LINE DURING OBSTRUCTION. Note.—It will generally be found most expeditious for the Station-master in advance of the obstruction to undertake the arrangements for Single Line Working, as he will have a clear road in the proper direction on ivhich the Pilotman can make his first journey ; the Pilotman can commence Single Line Working so soon as he is in possession of the acknowledgments from the men in charge of both ends of the Single Line. oUBiocklon 113. When Single Line has to he worked, woddngh and it is necessary to suspend Block Tele¬ graph Working, this must he done only hy an order in writing from the person who arranges the Single Line Working; hut During during foggy weather or falling snow, or weather when a tunnel intervenes, or the gradients or falling # snow are heavy on the Section of the Line where or where ** Tunnel the traffic has to he worked on a Single Line, intervenes o j or gradients Block Telegraph Working must he main- heavy. ojl o tained on such Section, the Up Trains being signalled on the Up Line Block Telegraph Circuit, and the Down Trains on the Down Line Block Telegraph Circuit, or the Pilot- man must accompany every train passing over the Single Line. Resumption On the working of the Double Line of Double i Til Line work- being resumed, any order suspending the working of the Line hy Block Telegraph is to he cancelled by a written notice in the same manner and at the same time as the order for working Single Line is cancelled. WORKING OYER A SINGLE LINE DURING OBSTRUCTION. 59 114j. ~No Train or engine must be allowed Engine- to enter upon tlie Single Line without the Guard or • • m Gua rds of Engine-driver and Guard or Guards havin g train about —* >*/ enter first been informed by the Pilotman that upon Single • it* *i* ii iji *j Line to be Single Line is being worked, and the points informed G' t—' J- tj-irtl Ql n o*l r\ between which it is in operation. Line is being A worked. 115. EnGINEMEN are not CO move their trains Enginemen on to the Single Line until they have seen lnai?S pllot" THE WRITTEN AUTHORITY HELD BY THE PlLOTMAN. written authority. 116. The Signalman at each end of the Signalmen Single Line must know the man appointed Pilotman. as Pilotman, and must countersign the Eorm for Single Line Working held by him (the Form held by each Signalman being in like manner countersigned by the Filotman). The Signalmen must place at Danger the Signals applicable to trains entering upon Si„nalg the Single Line, and keep them so until Slifentcr? both Lines are safe, and the ordinary work- irJcgKne. ing of the traffic is resumed. The Signals at intermediate Boxes must Signals at *i -| i i ii -p> 11 intermediate be worked, or kept at Danger, as the person Boxes, arranging the Single Line Working may direct; and Engine-drivers must be advised whether the Signals will either be worked as usual or be kept at Danger; and in cases where ordered to be kept at Danger, Engine- 60 'working over a single line during obstruction. drivers must pass tlicm when instructed to do so by the person in charge. Transfer of 117. When both Lines are blocked and it passengers . -i . • , , -• where both becomes necessary to work trains up to the blocked".6 point of obstruction on both sides, for the transfer of passengers or any other purpose, Single Line Working must be arranged on both sides, between the nearest Gross-over road and the point of obstruction, a Pilot- man being appointed to act on each side, in accordance with these Rules. Sns °f ^ * r-Frains or engines, when working over the Single Line, must be run cautiously and at reduced speed, and after sunset, or during foggyweather or falling snow, they must carry a Red Head Light. Forwarding 119. After making the necessary arrange- sengers. ments for the safety of the passengers and trains, it will be the duty of the Guards and Engine-drivers (if no superior officer be present) to arrange for the passengers being forwarded as soon as possible, acting in strict accordance with these Regulations. Points 120. All Points which become Pacing become Points to trains running over the Single which becom* Points to be Line, must either be held bv a competent held or ** secured, man appointed to the duty, or so secured as to enable the trains to pass safely over them. working over a single line during obstruction. 61 121. Where there are Catch Points upon Catch the Line not worked from a Signal-box, Station-masters, Signalmen, and others must take care, before Single Line Work¬ ing is at any time put in operation over such Catch Points, that a man, provided with proper Signals, is placed at them, with special orders to remain there, and to hold them properly closed or have them firmly secured for the safe passage of each facing train, until the order for Single Line Working has been withdrawn, and the Double Line Working resumed. Where the Catch Points are worked from a Signal-box, the Signalman will be held responsible for the Points being in the proper position for each facing train to pass over. Where such Points are worked by wire, a man must be placed at them, who must see that they are in the proper position and securely fastened for the passing of each facing train. 122. Engine-drivers are warned that Engine- y m m driver to when working Single Line, as above, they satisfy C/ hllYIQPlf fTinf must not pass any Catch Points until they Catch Points are in have assured themselves that they are in proper i-i • j • f* j i • * • i position. the proper position for their trams to run over. 62 WORKING OVER A SINGLE LINE DURING OBSTRUCTION. 123. Should the Pilotman give up the working to another, the name of the second Pilotman must he substituted on new Porms, to he held by the Signalmen at both ends of the Single Line ; but this can only be done by the person who ar¬ ranged the Single Line Working, and he, on doing so, must collect and retain the Porms previously issued. After one Pilotman has been relieved by another, the Pilotman who has been relieved must not ride upon any engine until he resumes duty as Pilotman. Should the Signalmen be changed during the time the Single Line Working is in operation, the man coming on duty must . be made acquainted, by the man going off duty, with the arrangement in force and with the person acting as Pilotman; he must, before taking charge of the Signal- box, countersign the Porm held by the Pilotman. On the resumption of the ordinary work¬ ing, all Porms which have been issued for the Single Line Working must be col¬ lected and sent to the District Superin¬ tendent. Change of Pilotman. Signalmen changing duty. Working over a single! line during obstruction. 63 124. The Pilotman must accompany the Pilotman to ft . i • • -1 • i • fti j-i accompany first tram m each direction alter tlie first train in T-i t t t • i i t each dircc- Louble Line lias been re-opened. tion after Double Line has been re-opened. 125. Whenever it is necessary, in con- One Line p t "i* blocked sequence o± repairs to the road or relaying, owing to to block one of the Lines and work the 3iyirng°,r i pc* j_i j i j i if* and traffic traffic on the other, the arrangements tor worked on conducting the traffic mnst he made in the °thei Lme' same way as laid down in the foregoing Rules, except in cases where special printed instructions are provided. ♦ (Form, referred to in Hide 112.) NEW SOUTH WALES (GOVERNMENT RAILWAYS. SINGLE LINE WORKING CURING OBSTRUCTION. Station. 18 The Line being blocked between and , all Traffic will paas between those two places on the Line. will act as Pilotman, and WORKING OVER A SINGLE LINE DURING OBSTRUCTION. no engine or train is to be allowed to pass on to the Single Line unless he is present and personally orders the engine or train to start. This order is to remain in force until withdrawn by the Pilotman presenting my written authority. ## Catch Points exist at , and arrange¬ ments have been made for working as directed in Kule 121. (Signed To *Noted by _ __at *Noted by\ at * Noted by Pilotman, *These Signatures must be made on the copy held by the Pilotman. **11 no Catch Points on Line, erase this clause. The above Form must be filled up and used whenever it is temporarily necessary to work the traffic of a Double Line over a Single Line. Six of these Forms must be kept in a convenient place at each Station, and at each intermediate Signal-box where there is a Cross-over road, so as to be available at any moment night or day. Before Single Line Working is commenced a copy of this Form must be signed by the person in charge at each end (a copy being left with the person in charge of each intermediate Signal-box), and be kept by the Pilotman, who must see that each of the men signing the Form retains a copy for himself. In the event of a Station-master himself acting as Pilotman, he must address and give the Form to the person he leaves in charge of his Station. If an intermediate place (not a Station) is used for crossing the traffic from one Line to the other, the Form must be addressed and given to the person in charge of that Crossing. Station-masters and other persons in charge receiving this Form will be held responsible that the Inspectors, Foremen, Signalmen, and others at their Station, are immediately made acquainted with the circumstances, and are instructed in their necessary duties. Particulars as to the working or otherwise of the Block Telegraph must be written across this Form. ABSOLUTE BLOCK TELEGRAPH. 65 GENERAL REGULATIONS FOR WORKING THE ABSOLUTE BLOCK TELEGRAPH. 126. The signallingof trains on the Block Signalling' Telegraph System does not in any way Telegraph dispense with the use of Eixed, Hand, or pense with" Eog Signals, whenever and wherever such Signals Signals may he requisite to protect obstruc¬ tions on the line. The object of the system object of of Electric Train Signalling is to prevent pain110 more than one train or engine beingSlgnalhng- between any two Signal Stations on the same Line at the same time. This is accomplished by not allowing any train or engine to leave a Signal Station until the previous train or engine has been signalled as having arrived at or left the Signal Station next in advance. 127. The Block Signal Instruments and Block Signal ~p> -j-i "i • I p i-i • -|-| • p Instruments Bells are exclusively lor the signalling ot and Beiis j • -| i j -i • must only trams, and must not under anv circum- be used for i i tp * j. signalling stances be used lor conversing or lor any trains, other purpose than Block Working, in strict accordance with the Commissioners' H 66 ABSOLUTE BLOCK TELEGRAPH. Regulations, and they must only be used by the Signalman or other person specially appointed for the duty. Signalling 128. The Signal-boxes at which the Block Instruments -ttt i • • 1 • furnished to Telegraph Working is m operation, are Signal-boxes ^ furnished with Instruments to signal for each Line of rails, and the system under which these Instruments are to be worked, and the mode of indicating the description of approaching trains, will be laid down Regulations in the Code of Regulations supplied to for working ^ Signalmen or exhibited in the Signal- boxes for the guidance of the persons in charge. ^ute 129. On those portions of the Line working, worked on the Absolute Block System, a second train or engine must not be allowed to enter a Section until the preceding train or engine has been signalled as having passed out of the Section, except under the circumstances specified in Rules 139 and 110 to meet cases of train or tele¬ graph failure. The Danger Signal must be exhibited at both the Home and Dis¬ tant Signals to protect trains or engines standing at Stations or intermediate Signal- boxes; and when any train or engine ABSOLUTE BLOCK TELEGRAPH. lias gone forward into the onward Section, the Starting and Advanced Starting Sig¬ nals (where such are provided), which control the entrance of trains and engines into such Section, must also he put to, and kept at Danger (except as provided in Rules 139 and 140), until telegraphic infor¬ mation has been received from the Signal- box in advance that the preceding train or engine has passed out of the Section, and it is again necessary to lower them for a following train to pass after the prescribed Telegraphic Signals have been exchanged with the Signal-box in advance, or as the Commissioners' Regulations may require. So long as the Starting Signals stand at Danger, the Home and Distant Signals must also be kept at Danger, except on the near approach of a train, when, after the speed of the train lias been reduced so as to admit of its stoppage at the Starting Signal, the Home Signal may be taken off to admit the train; but the Starting or Advanced Starting Signal where such is provided must be kept at Danger until the Line is clear to the next Signal Station ahead.— See also Hule G5. 03 ABSOLUTE BLOCK TELEGRAPH. When Line 130. Unless special instructions be given considered to the contrary, the " Line Clear" Signal must be given in accordance with the following Instructions:— a. In the case of a Train or Engine which has to stop at the station, the "Line Clear" Signal must not be given until the Train has been shunted clear of the Main Line, or has completed its work and gone forward on its journey beyond the Starting Signal, and then only if the "Advanced Starting" Signal be off, indicating that the Section ahead is clear. b. In the ease of a Passenger Train or Engine which has not to stop at the Station, the Section may be considered clear as soon as the Train has passed the Home Signal and is proceeding at the usual speed on its journey into the onward Section, and the Signalman has seen the Tail Disc or Lamp. c. In the case of a Goods or Mixed Train, or of any Train travelling ABSOLUTE BLOCK TELEGRAPH. 69 at a slow rate of speed, which has not to stop at the Station, the "Line Clear" Signal must not he given until such Train has gone forward 011 its journey beyond the "Starting" Signal and "Ad¬ vanced Starting" Signal, where provided. Any authorised modification in these General Regulations to meet special cases will he notified in the form provided at the foot of the Instructions exhibited in the Signal Boxes. 131. Should a train not arrive in proper Train not time after having been signalled, the XTng t0 Station-master's attention should be called to the fact, and any train proceeding in the contrary direction must he stopped, and the Driver and Guard specially in¬ formed and cautioned before entering the Section, lest an accident, fouling both lines, should have happened. 132. Should it become necessary to block Blocking /-nj 1 • . pitt Section. a Section, m consequence ot a breakdown obstructing the Line, or of other circum¬ stances taking place rendering it imper¬ ative that any approaching train should be 70 ABSOLUTE BLOCK TELEGRAPH. stopped, the Signalman at the Signal-box where the obstruction takes place must use the means authorized by his Regula¬ tions for preventing any train leaving the Post in the rear. Lines fouled. Should there he reason to suppose that more Lines than one are fouled, the Sig¬ nalman must, without any delay, use the means authorized by his Regulations for preventing any train approaching his Post on any of the Lines which are obstructed. Obstruction 133. ISTo obstruction of the line must be allowed .not allowed until the Signalman on duty has carried out the prescribed Regulations to prevent any train leaving the Signal-box in the rear. signalman 134. Jf a Signalman observe anything seeing any- o . «/ p thing wrong unusual m a tram during its passage, such in passing . o _l c? ^ t™in. as Signals of alarm by a passenger, goods falling off, a vehicle on fire, a hot axle-box, or other mishap, except a " Tail Board or Tail Lamp missing or out," or a " Train divided" (for arrangements as to which see Rules 135 and 138 respectively), he must, if he is unable to stop the Train by his own Signals, give to the Signalman at the Signal-box in advance the Signal to cc Stop ABSOLUTE BLOCK TELEGRAPH. 71 and examine train/' and must himself exhibit his Signals so as to stop any train coming in the opposite direction; and the Signalman at the Signal-box in advance must acknowledge such Signal, and immediately exhibit the Danger Sig¬ nals to stop any train coming from or going towards the Post from which the Signal was received. The train, when stopped in obedience to the " Stop and examine train" Signal, must be carefully examined and dealt with as occasion may require; should any train going in the opposite direction have been stopped, it must he allowed to proceed after satisfac¬ tory evidence has been obtained that the Line on which it is about to run has not been obstructed. When practicable, the Signalman must also telegraph to the Signal-box in advance the cause of sending the " Stop and examine train" Signal. 135. Should a train pass a Signal-box Train with- without a Tail Board, or with a Tail Lamp S\Se.n missing or out, the Signalman must not telegraph " Line Clear" to the Signalman at the Signal-box in the rear, but must call the attention of the Signalman at the ABSOLUTE BLOCK TELEGRAPH. Signal-box on eacli side of bim in the authorised manner, and, on gaining atten¬ tion, must give the " Train passed without Tail Lamp" Signal. This Signal having been acknowledged, the Signalman at the rear Signal-box will thereupon stop the next train following, and verbally instruct 1he Engine-driver to proceed cautiously towards the Signal-box in advance, inform¬ ing him wTiy it is necessary that he should do so. The Signalman at the Box in advance on receiving this Signal must acknowledge it and put on the Banger Signals to stop the approaching train, and tell the Guard and Engine-driver of the intimation he has received. As soon as the train, the Engine-driver of which has been cautioned, has passed the Signal-box whence the "Train passed without Tail Board or Tail Lamp," Signal was received, the Signalman there will re-commence signalling in the ordinary manner. Should the Signalman sending this Sig¬ nal have reason to suppose that there is any danger to a train travelling in the opposite direction, he must also stop that train, and inform the Engine-driver of the circum¬ stances, ABSOLUTE BLOCK TELEGRAPH. 73 Should the Signalman have reason to believe that anything has fallen from a passing train before reaching his Signal- box he must not give the " Line Clear " Signal, but must give the " Train passed without Tail Board or Tail Lamp" Signal, and the Signalman receiving this Signal will stop the following train, and warn the Engine-driver to proceed cautiously to¬ wards the Signal-box in advance, informing him why it is necessary to do so. The telephone, or other speaking instrument, to be used by Signalmen to advise each other of the cause of sending the Signal. 136. Should any vehicle or portion of a Vehicle or i • i i T • train run- tram be running back m the wrong direc- ning back on tion, the Signalman must call the attention 'vrons Lme* of the Signalman at the next Signal-box towards which the vehicle or portion of train may be running, by giving the pre¬ scribed Signal indicating that vehicles are running back on wrong Line. The Signalman receiving this Signalmust immediately exhibit the Danger Signal at his Signals to stop any train coming from or going towards the Signal-box from which the Signal was received, and take any other 74 ABSOLUTE BLOCK TELEGRAPH. protective measures that may be necessary, such as turning the runaway train across to the other Line or into a Sicling, as may be most expedient under the circumstances. In the event of a train being turned across to the other Line, the Signal4'Train running away on right Line" must be passed on to the next Signal-box. Vehicle] or 137. If any vehicle or portion of a train running has escaped, and is running away in the proper Line. proper direction on the right Line, the Signalman at the Signal-box in advance must be advised of the fact by the Signal¬ man at the Signal-box in the rear giving the prescribed Signal indicating that vehicles are running away on proper Line. The Signalman forwarding this Signal must immediately exhibit the Danger Signal at his Signals to stop any train coming from or going towards the Signal-box towards which the Vehicle or portion of Train is running, and the Signalman receiving the Signal must immediately exhibit the Danger Signal at his Signals to stop any train coming from or going to¬ wards the Signal-box from which the Signal was received, unless there is a ABSOLUTE BLOCK TELEGRAPH. 75 train in block in the same section as the runaway vehicle and in front thereof, in which case, if the line is clear, such train must he allowed to pass before the Signals are exhibited to stop any train coming from the Signal-box in the rear, and he must arrange for the Line on which the vehicles are running to be cleared, and, if necessary, send the Signal forward, and take such other measures as he may consider most expedient under the circumstances. 138. The " Train divided" Signal is only Traindm- to be used in the event of a Signalman observing that a train has become divided, and is running in two or more parts. The Signalman receiving this Signal must stop any train travelling in the opposite direction; and if the divided train is running on a falling gradient, where the stoppage of the If on falling first part would risk a collision by the °iadient* second part overtaking it, the Signalman must not exhibit the Danger Signal to stop the first portion, but must give the Engine- driver a Green Signal, either by Elag or Hand Lamp, waving such Signal from side to side, and endeavour to advise him of the circumstance as he passes; if the train is 76 ABSOLUTE BLOCK TELEGRAPH. running on a rising gradient, or where the Line is level, the Signalman must stop the first portion and deal with it as expedit¬ iously as possible, to prevent the second portion coming into collision with it. Should any train going in the opposite direction have been stopped, it must not he allowed to proceed until satisfactory evidence has been obtained that the Line on which it is about to run is not ob¬ structed. Failure of 139. In the event of any failure of the or Bells. Instruments or Bells, so that the necessary Signals cannot be forwarded and received, no train must, under any circumstances, he allowed to pass a Signal-box into that section of the Line where the failure exists, without having been previously brought to a stand, and the Engine-driver and Guard advised of the circumstance. When this has been done, the Starting and Advance Starting Signals may he lowered after the Engine-driver has been instructed to pro¬ ceed cautiously to the Post in advance, so as to he able to stop short of any obstruc¬ tion there may he on the Line. No train must he allowed to follow another within ABSOLUTE BLOCK TELEGRAPH. 77 five minutes; and, wlien a Tunnel inter- ^nelnin- venes in a Block section, not within ten minutes, unless the Signalman on duty ' O «/' can satisfy himself that the Tunnel is clear. Steps must he immediately taken to have Repair of the Telegraphic Apparatus put into work- Apparatus, ing order again. 140. To prevent delays, Breakdown Van Breakdown trains, when proceeding to clear the Line, autrains* must in all cases he signalled as East Passenger trains, the Signal • » Signals. no special Signalman, the Station-master, or a Porter appointed by him, must attend to the working of the Signals, and be res- be kept. Leave of absence. Illness. Stores. STATION-MASTEKS. 83 ponsible for the correctness of the same. Duties of If he neglects to assign the duties of Sig- masters with nalmen to proper persons, he will be held Signals, personally responsible. 155. He will be responsible that allege of Hand Signals nsed by men under theirSlgnals' control are in good order and kept clean. All employees outside Stations will be held responsible for their Signal Lamps, Mags, &c., being at all times clean and in proper working order. 156. The greatest care must be exercised care m in the cleaning, trimming, and lighting of cleaning Signal Lamps, and Station-masters will be Station- lield responsible for this work being efli- responsible, ciently performed. The Lamps must be lighted and extinguished in accordance with Itegulations 219 and 255. The Oil Burners of all Distant and other Mxed Signals must not be trimmed at the Signal posts, but must be brought to the Station. Lamp-room, or Signal-box, as the case may be, each morning, and cleaned and trimmed there, and not replaced in the Signal Lamp until required to be lighted. The lanterns and Deflectors of Platform Lamps must be cleaned daily, and the Oil 84 STATION-MASTERS. Burners taken to tlie Lamp-room every morning, cleaned and trimmed, and not replaced until required. o?signal" Station-masters and others having Sig- Lamps. nals under their care, must frequently inspect the Fixed Signal Lamps and satisfy themselves that they are in good working order, and that the glasses (in front and hack of Lamp) and reflectors are well cleaned. Roof Lamps. At Stations where Ptoof Lamps are supplied to trains, Station-masters must see that they are properly cleaned and trimmed, and that no smoky, defective, or badly burning Lamp is placed in the train. At intermediate Stations where Hoof Lamps are provided, Station-masters must take care that they are examined on the arrival of the train, and that any that may he burning badly, or have gone out, are replaced by properly-trimmed Lamps. Fixed 157. The Station-master must see that all Fixed Scotch Blocks at his Station are safety kept across the rail; that all Safety Points, Points are closed against the Main Line when it is not necessary that they should he open STATION-MASTERS. 85 for the purpose of shunting ; and that all vehicles are placed within such Scotch Blocks or Safety Points. Pacing Points not worked from a Locking Facing Prame, and which lead to or from the Main worked from Line must, in all cases, he securely fastened Frame.° or held for the passage of Trains. 158. He must see that all the outside To keep Gates of his Station are locked at night; Gates clear, and he will be held responsible for the con¬ sequences of animals trespassing through the Gates under his control, whether by day or night. 159. At watering Stations he must take care of care that the water cranes are properly cranes, secured when not in use, and especially at night, in order that the jib of the crane may be clear of passing Engines or vehicles. 160. All Yehicles shunted off at Stations Vehicles to as " Empties " must be carefully searched,bcseaiched and any articles which may be found there¬ in taken to the Station-master for instruc¬ tion as to disposal. The windows of all empty compartments Windows to must be closed when the carriages are ventilators standing in Sidings at the Stations, theopen' ventilators being kept open. 86 STATION-MASTERS. Starting of 161. No Passenger train must be started before the time stated in the Time-table. The Signal to the Engine-driver to start must be given by the Guard, upon receiving intimation from the person in charge of the Station that all is right for the train to proceed. Trains run- On Lines worked on the Block Telegraph time shown System, Goods trains may be run before in Working " • . * Time-Tabie. the times specified in the Time-table, provided the Line or Lines on which they have to run, and the Stations and Sidings at which they are booked to stop, will be open and ready for traffic purposes by the time they arrive, and that the next Station or Shunting Siding can be reached without causing delay to following trains. ♦ stationto be ^2. The Station-in aster must take care caiiod out. that immediately on the stopping of each Passenger train, the name of the Station is called out along the train in a distinct and audible manner, and must pay imme¬ diate attention to any indication shewn by the passengers of their desire to alight, changing at At J unctions, inq uiries must be made at Junctions. . L . „ , , every compartment it there be any pas- STATION-MASTERS. 87 senger for the Branch, naming the par¬ ticular Stations. 163. Care must he taken that the doors Doors not to pii . opened oi all carriages and other vehicles are when train n j i i ft j j • 11 j. i • in motion. fastened before starting the tram, and no door must he opened to allow a passenger to alight from or enter a train before it has come to a stand, or after it has started. Porters or other employees must not he Employees n 1 x 1 *1 x x not to run allowed to run alongside, nor to get upon alongside the steps or footboards of the carriages the'steps of -ip xl x * i x xi the train. before the tram has come to a stand. 164. Should a Passenger or mixed train, when a in stopping at a Station, over-run or stop TrSnover- short of the platform, theEngine-drive'r must stop's Short not move the train hack or draw it forward pLtform. until he receives instructions from the Guard in charge to do so. Station-masters, Guards, and others must at once take steps to prevent passengers leaving the carriages that are not at the platform; and as soon as the Guard in charge has satisfied him¬ self that all carriage doors are closed, and that no passengers are entering or leaving the train, he must instruct the Engine- driver to put hack or draw up to the plat- 88 STATION-MASTERS. form as may be required. The Engine- driver must sound his whistle before moving his train. Interval of 165. Where the Block System is not in time 9 09 between operation, and when the preceding train has not been telegraphed as having arrived at the next Station in advance, no train or engine must be allowed to follow any other train or engine on the same Line within ten minutes, nor then, until the Driver of such train has been furnished with a Train Ahead Notice, as required by Bule 198. Trains 166. Where the Line is not worked tollowin^ each other under the Block System, and when the on Lines _ *J ' onfctherked Precedmg tram has not been telegraphed as sistem having arrived at the next Station in ad¬ vance, a Passenger train must not, during foggy weather or falling snow, follow a Goods train, nor must a Passenger train or a Past Goods train follow a Stopping Pas¬ senger train from a Station, nor pass a Signal-box where trains are ordinarily sig¬ nalled, within fifteen minutes, nor then, until the Driver of such train has been provided with notice of Train Ahead, as required by Bule 198. STATION-MASTERS. 89 167. No passenger train must be stopped Trains not at a Station where it is not timed to call, ^°epnot for the purpose of taking up or settingtimeci- down passengers, without the special authority of the Chief Traffic Manager. 168. Goods trains must stop at the Goods traina places specified in the "Working Time- marked jjj table, unless, on approaching a Station or w^lle. Siding, a Signal is given by the Station- master or Signalman, by Hand Lamp or Mag, that it is not necessary for the train Exceptions, to stop. When this is done, the train may run past the Station or Siding without stopping unless there are waggons or goods to leave, when the Engine-driver will have instructions from the Guard to stop. In the case of a train timed to stop Goods trains at a Station or Siding when required, the Sent084015 Engine-driver of such train must stop atrequired- the Station or Siding, unless he receive a Hand Signal to proceed without stopping. 169. In the case of a Passenger train Trains booked to call at a Station when required can at to to take up passengers only, the train must take up be stopped by the necessary Station Signals pabsensers- being exhibited against it. 90 STATION-MASTERS. Passengers 170. In cases where passengers are carried to a • t j 11 • i • i. 1 wrong carried out or their way by mistake, the Station. 1 i • i ni 1 • n • -| • Station-master, atter satisfying himself that they have been overcarried by mistake, will not charge excess fare, hut send them to their proper destination by first train, endorsing the back of their ticket to pass them on to the proper Station. Accident to 171. Should any casualty occur to a Passengers. *> .. . •> » passenger, either from his own want of caution or otherwise, the names and ad¬ dresses of passengers or other persons who may have witnessed the occurrence, are, if possible, to be procured, for after re¬ ference. Suing. 172. Tickets are to be issued to all persons applying for conveyance on the Railway, except persons in a state of in¬ toxication or otherwise unfit to travel. Carriages173. To prevent oscillation, and to secure the smooth and easy running of Passenger trains, it is necessary that all the vehicles composing the train should be so tightly coupled as to put sufficient strain on the drawbars to ensure the buffers being brought so firmly together STATION-MASTERS. 91 as not to be separated by any change of gradient, or by the starting of the train. Station-masters at intermediate Stations Station- i p j#"it i j i masters at must, as iar as practicable, observe the intermediate ti p i -i -l. / • i i • Stations to state ot the couplings (including con- examine tinuous break couplings and electric com-couplmgs* munications) on the arrival of the trains, and cause any that require it to be adjusted. 174. Vehicles must be properly coupled Coupling of by the side-chains, where they are provided, as well as the centre couplings; and no one is to pass between buffers of vehicles, ^ to pass X 3 between but must get over or stoop under them. buffers- 175. At Stations where Carriage-exam- Examina- iners are kept, the Station-master or person trains, in charge must, before starting the train, satisfy himself that the examination of it has been completed, and that, so far as the Carriage-examiner is concerned, the train is all right and fit to proceed. This Rule will also apply to the Inspector, Yard Poreman, or other person in charge at Station Yards, who must, before starting a Goods train, receive from the Waggon-examiner an intimation that 92 STATION-MASTERS. all the vehicles on the train have been examined and are right and safe to pro¬ ceed. At places where Examiners are not kept, steps must he taken by the person in charge to remedy any defect that may he observed in the running of the vehicles, by supplying oil or grease to the axle- boxes of any that may require it, or re¬ moving the defective vehicles from the train, as may he found necessary. ofXtaTiandion a stopping at a Station side lamps, after sunset, or in foggy weather, the Station-master or person in charge must see that the Tail and Side Lamps are lighted, and in order. Train cross- 177. At places on Single Lines where Lines where Trains or Engines are appointed to cross person on other Trains or Engines where there is only one person on duty, and it is impos¬ sible for him to work the Eixed Signals in accordance with the rules for the working of Eixed Signals, owing to the great distance of the Eacing Points from the Signal levers, and in consequence of its being necessary for him to attend personally at the Facing STATION-MASTERS. 93 Points so as to turn the approaching Train into the loop, he must not lower his Pixed Signals, so as to leave the Train unprotec¬ ted, lest another should he following, hut must Signal the Train hy Hand Signal from the Pacing Points. The moment, however, such Train has heen placed in the loop, and the points again secured, he must immediately return to his Signal levers so as to signal the following Train or Trains running in the opposite direc¬ tion in the usual way. 178. Passenger trains must, as a rule, Passenger » trains to take precedence of all other trains; and, take Pre- where the Block System is not in opera-cedence' tion, no Goods train must he started from No other i i . . —|" i . . i -1 . train to he any Station, Sidmg, or Junction within started less rk n, .j ~i i i c* than fifteen iilteen minutes, or longer 11 the state or minutes in the road or nature of the train render it Passenger « -p. i • T train when necessary, or a Passenger tram being Block t ■ i i to System not due to leave m the same direction. It, in operation however, the Station-master or Signal¬ man has ascertained hy telegraph, or otherwise, that the passenger train, which is due to leave, is late, the Goods train may he dispatched, provided there he a sufficient margin to admit of its reach- 94 STATION-MASTERS. ing tlie next Shunting Station or Siding in time to avoid delay to the Pas¬ senger train, the Station-master or Signal- Train Ahead man taking care especially to furnish Notice to be j-i -n • ^ o n _cii • x • ' 1.1 furnished by the Driver oi the following tram with a master. notice of Train ahead in accordance with Lule 498, unless the preceding train shall have been signalled by telegraph as having arrived at the next station in advance. Information as to 179. Station-masters and Signalmen are kaninS?gof required to ascertain how the ordinary and special trains in their respective districts are running, and to give information to Guards. This is especially necessary on Single Lines, so that any requisite altera¬ tion in the working of the Train Staff may receive immediate attention. The Guard in charge of a train which should shunt shunting for for a following train to pass, on arriving other trains V/ JL v / to pass. at a Station, Junction, or Siding, must inquire whether the train due to pass him there is late, and if it he late, give instructions to the Engine-driver where to shunt. The Guard must he in¬ formed as to the whereabouts of the train that is late, and, subject to the order of the Station-master or person in charge, STATION-MASTERS. 95 must proceed or shunt as may he neces¬ sary. If he go forward he must take care that there is ample time to reach the place he intends to proceed to, and get his train shunted off the Main Line in accordance with Rule 180. ISO. "Where the Block System is in Shunting *- • trains for operation, Goods trains must he shunted others to out of the way of Passenger trains; and pabS" Mineral, Slow Goods, and Ballast trains must also he shunted out of the way of Live¬ stock or Past Goods trains at Stations or Sidings where there are Pixed Signals, in sufficient time to prevent the Passenger train, Live-stock, or Past Goods train, respectively, being delayed by the Signals either at the Station where the train is being shunted or at the Block Station in the rear. Where the Block System is not in opera¬ tion, trains, as above, which have to he passed by any other train following, must be shunted at Stations or Sidings where there are Pixed Signals at least ten minutes before such Passenger train, Past Goods or Live-stock train is due, and kept there till at least ten minutes after it has passed, 96 STATION-MASTERS. Shunting1 train from one Main Line to the other to allow another to pass. Sidings to be cleared for shunting. Shunting waggons at Stations oil Inclines— waggons to be secured. unless the preceding train lias been tele¬ graphed as having arrived at the next Station in advance. Wherever there is sufficient Siding accommodation to contain the train it must not be shunted from one Main Line to the other, but always from the Main Line into the Siding. 181. When a train or engine has to be shunted from one Main Line to the other to allowr a following train to pass, such train or engine must be set well within the Home Signal, so as to be efficiently pro¬ tected by it from any train or engine approaching from the opposite direction. 182. Lefuge Sidings or passing loops should always be kept in readiness for the immediate and safe entrance of any train that may have to be passed or crossed by another train. 183. The Station-master or person in charge must take care, while trains are standing at or shunting waggons or other vehicles at Stations or other places situate on inclines, that, in addition to screwing the van breaks tightly down, a sufficient number of wraggon breaks are pinned down, and sprags or hand-scotches used vlien STATION-MASTERS. 97 necessary, to prevent tlie possibility of tlie train or anv of the vehicles running clown t) o the incline. At such Stations and at such Spragsand other places a supply of sprags and hand- itches to scotches must he kept for the purpose. staKs»at When waggons require to he shunted Shunting into incline Sidings, the waggons to he into incline moved at one shunt must he limited to 1 inss* such a number as the engine can push up without going at a violent or excessive speech 184. If, through neglect, a vehicle Punishment should get foul of the Main Line from afor lieglect' Siding, the person at fault will he liable to dismissal. 185. Should it he found that a train, in ease of i • it vehicles or portion ot a tram, has broken away, getting i-i i • • • j i* "i*ji detached. the person discovering it must immediately take steps for the protection of all trains. 186. A Red Board or a Red Blag by Specials day, or an additional Red Tail Lamp by follo*lug- night, carried on the last vehicle of a train or an engine, indicates that a Special train or engine is to follow. As, however, Special Specials run j • • i i? j.1 j i without trams or engines have frequently to be run notice without previous notice of any kind, it is K 98 STATION-MASTERS. necessary for tlie staff along the Line to he at all times prepared for such extra trains or engines. «£*}» 187. When a Special train is run on noSTspeciai Single Lines at short notice, and the pre- train run- ceding train in the same direction has not inng in u direction carried the Signal provided for in Rule 93, a Led Disc by day or a Led Lamp, in addi¬ tion to the ordinary head-light, by night, is to he placed in front of the engine pro¬ ceeding in the opposite direction until it shunts for the Special, when it is to he removed. This will notify that a Special train is to he run in the opposite direction to the train carrying the Signal in front. Station-masters and Guards concerned will he held responsible for this Signal being exhibited. Special 188. The Station-master or person in Train following-. charge at the starting-point of a Special train is responsible for the Signals being exhibited as directed by Lules 186 and 187, and for informing the Guard in charge of it of the description and destination of the Special train. Station-masters who are aware of the running of Special trains will STATION-MASTERS. 99 be held responsible for informing Engine- drivers and Guards; and Drivers and Guards must see that tlieir trains are properly targetted. The Guard of a train preceding the Special train is required to see that the Tail Board, Elag, or extra Lamp is removed when no longer wanted, and he must inform the person in charge of each Station at which he stops of the description and destination of the train that is following. All persons employed upon the lines are particularly instructed to keep a look-out for these Train Signals. Belief trains, if run wi'liDut previous Relief trains, printed or written notice, must be con¬ sidered and treated as Special trains. In the case of those trains (Special or Belief) of which no previous notice has been issued, the Station-master or person in charge ,at the starting point, must see that telegrajhiic information is sent, when practicable, to the necessary Stations and Junctions. 1S9. Station-masters should give full SonTrm' • f» i • j • • i • /—\ Overdue trains information to inquirers regarding Over- X O O given when due or Special Passenger Trains. askeJ for- 100 STATION-MASTERS. Shunting 190. No engine or vehicle must he operates s]milqeci or moveci from one Main Line to protected. 0^ierj or from the Main Line into a Siding, or from a Siding on to the Main Line, until the proper Signals have been exhibited in one or both directions, as may he required; and care must he taken when the Main Line is about to he obstructed, after a Distant Signal lias been placed at Danger for the purpose of pro¬ tecting it, to allow sufficient time to elapse for any approaching engine or train (which may have been near to or within such Signal before it was so placed at Danger) to pass before the obstruction is allowed. detached at 191. When vehicles are detached from stations. a train at Stations and left on the Main Line prior to being shunted into Sidings, the Signalman must he at once informed of the fact, in order that he may keep the Signals at Danger for the protection of the Line, and, where Block Working is in operation, that he may take the authorized steps for securing safety in both directions when both Lines have to he fouled; at night, in addition, a Bed Light must be shown at the rear of the vehicles, or, where STATION-MASTERS. 101 necessary, at both front and rear until they are safely placed in the Sidings. When vehicles have been detached, care must be taken that they are properly secured so as to prevent their moving. 192. When an accident, or obstruction of Accidents any kind, occurs on any part of the Line, it immediately • • reported must be immediately reported by telegraph, or by the most expeditious means, to the next Station or Signal-box on each side of the place where the accident or obstruction has occurred, so that notice may be given to the Engine-drivers and Guards of ap¬ proaching trains, to the Heads of Depart¬ ments connected with the working of the Line, to the Locomotive Station where the Breakdown Vans for the district are kept, to the District Superintendent, to the District Engineer, to the District Traffic Inspector, and to the Inspector of Permanent-way. It must also be reported by telegraph to those Stations where the starting of other trains is liable to be affected by the delay caused by the obstruction. In the event of an accident obstructing When one -*-• p m i i • j Line is one Line of rails, so as to render it neces- obstructed, sary to work the traffic in botli directions 102 STATION-MASTERS. over a Single Line, the Regulations for " Single Line Working," as laid down in Rules 109 to 125, must he strictly adhered to. Removal of 193. Refore removing any Travelling Cranes. Crane, the person in charge of it must see that the jib is properly lowered and secured, and so fixed that it will pass under the gauge; and, when it has to be removed by train, it must, when practicable, be so placed that the jib points towards the rear of the train. The Station-master or person in charge of the Siding for the time being, and the Head Guard of the train, must, before a Crane is attached to a Goods train, take care that all the fastenings provided for the purpose of securing the jib and balance- box in their proper positions during transit are in good condition and applied, and that the necessary match-waggons are provided. At each stopping place on the journey the Head Guard must satisfy himself that the fastenings are secure. Waggon-examiners must also inspect the fastenings in addition to the usual examination of the wheels, &c. If any defect exist in any of the STATION-MASTERS. 103 fastenings, the Crane must not "be attached to a train, and, if travelling, it must he detached for the fastenings to be made good. 194. Whenever a Crane is in use whereby Use of the jib, or any other portion of it, obstructs or fouls any line of rails in use for traffic purposes, or whenever by any possibility, during the loading or unloading of Hound Loading or Timber, Long Timber, Angle Iron, or other Round T?m- articles of great length, the Main Line may Timber, ° he fouled, it is incumbent on the person in &cfle Iron' charge of the loading or unloading to obtain the sanction of both the Station- master and Signalman in charge of the safety of the Line, and to see that the proper Signals are exhibited until the operation is completed. Timber Loaders working at a Station Control of will he under the control of the Station- Loaders master, who, whilst they are so employed, Stations, must exercise the same supervision over them as over his own staff. 195. No j:>erson must, unless in the ex- Persons not ecution of his duty, he allowed to ride on Guard's van, j -i • i, or on engine any engine or tender or in any Luard S or tender 104 STATION-MASTERS. van, either with pass or ticket, without special authority to do so from a properly authorized officer of the Commissioners. control of When a horse is used on the Bail- horses. way, a man must, m all cases, on the approach and during the passing of any engine or train, have hold of its head, whether the horse he drawing vehicles or otherwise. Ballastl 197. Except when authorized under trains not to ± work on Main Line in . . a fog or not work on the Mam Line m a falling snow. , . p ,,. during tailing snow. priva"?01 198. No engine, in steam, the property owners. 0f a private owner, must, under any cir¬ cumstances, he allowed to enter upon the Main Line, except by the special per¬ mission of the Chief Traffic Manager. Note.—The special attention of Station-masters is directed to Rule 356 (Regulations for the conveyance of Explosives and Dangerous GoodsJ. fading and ig9. The Loading, Securing, and Sheet- Goods. 3 ing of goods, timber, &c., should he done so as to prevent the possibility of anything falling off or extending beyond the proper limit, and the goods should he sheeted so special circumstances, Ballast trains must fog or STATION-MASTERS. 105 as to prevent the possibility of fire or of water lodging in the tarpaulin. The greatest care is necessary in this particular, as improper loading is likely not only to cause serious damage to the Rolling Stock or the "Works of the Line, hut may occasion accident to other Trains, from articles falling off and forming obstructions. 200. Trucks must he loaded in such 'a weight of maximum. manner as to distribute the weight of the load as equally as possible over the wheels, and they must not be loaded beyond the carrying capacity painted thereon. 201. When shunting by Engine or hand Hand is necessary, care must be taken that allbhuntln*" Waggon doors are fastened and Trucks properly coupled up, and that the vehicles do not obstruct the Main Line. Where a Station-yard is on an incline it will be Control of trucks on necessary that perfect control be had over inclines, the Waggons by means of the Breaks and Sprags, and that no Truck be left till it is properly secured. 106 FIXING AND REPAIRING OF SIGNALS. Regulations to be observed by Station- masters, Signalmen, Signal-fitters, and others, respecting the fixing and repairing of Signals and the Apparatus for working Points and Signals on Lines opened for Traffic. ?emSo7 202. During the erection or removal of other work Signals, or the prosecution of other work t?on°with" iu connection with Points or Signals which signals?1 may interfere with the safe working of the Line, the Poreman Signal-fitter who has charge of the work must, unless the work lias been previously arranged for between the Signalling and the Traffic Departments, and the necessary notice issued by the Chief Traffic Manager or Out-door Super¬ intendent, communicate with the District Superintendent or Traffic Inspector, who will make any special arrangements that may be necessary in connection with the working of the traffic during the time such alterations or repairs are being effected. Where there is no Station-master or Signal¬ man, and no special arrangements have FIXING AND REPAIRING OF SIGNALS. 107 been made with the Traffic Department, Signal-fitters mnst provide for the safety of the Line in accordance with Rule 450. 203. "When any Points are about to be when connected with a Signal-box or Prame, or about to be i j • i j ry* li connected, when any connection between a Signal-box or anything T7! i ti * j • • ii done which or frame and Points requires repairs, the interferes j* r» i*i 'li • j r» >n with their execution ot which will interfere with the working, usual working of the Points, the Signal- fitters must, before commencing, acquaint the Signalman in charge of the Points with the nature of the work, and agree with him when it is to be done. After the work has been commenced, the Signalman in charge of the Points at which the Pitters are en gaged, must not allow any train or engine to pass such Points, without having first communicated with the Pitters, andreceived information from them that the Points are in a fit state for the train or engine to pass in the direction in which it is required to run. When the work is completed, the Pitters must inform the Signalman in charge of the Points. 204. When any repair or re-arrangement Repairs of the Signal Apparatus is necessary, of fere with such a character as to interfere with the Signals^ 108 SIGNALMEN; working of the Signals, Bules 208 and 209 must be strictly carried out. ^espect!^ 205. No new Signal must be brought aieterSd" i11^0 usej nor any alteration made in the signals. position or use of any existing Signal, without the authority of the Chief Traffic Manager or Out-door Superintendent of the Line. SIGNALMEN. sSnaisTodbe 206. The Signalman on duty must see andreport'ed that the Points and Signals are kept in defective. perfect working order, and well oiled, and that his Electric Signal Apparatus is in order; and he must report to the Station- master under whose supervision he acts, and to the Inspector of the Permanent- way, or other person in charge of repairs, any case in which the Points or Signals are out of repair, or not properly cleaned and oiled; and the Station-master must, where necessary, telegraph the circum- ofXpre-tlon stances to the proper authorities. The boards out- Signalman is responsible for exhibiting side signal outsic]e pjs Signal-box the Board prescribed to indicate the state of the Telegraphic and SIGNALMEN. 109 other apparatus connected with liis Signal- box, and he must report any defect to the Station-master. 207. Whenever, from the passage of a^Fjyto train or other cause, any Point, Crossing, or Rails, or Check Pail receives injury or strain, or the to be n"s Pails themselves are split or strained, the circumstances must immediately he re¬ ported to the Station-master and Inspector of Permanent-way, or Poreman Platelayer, and all trains must he stopped, or allowed to pass over slowly, as may he necessary, until the damage is repaired. 208. The Signalman must frequently fluent?/6 examine and try his Pixed Signals to see examined, that they work well, are kept clean, and show properly. Great care must he used Care in in putting on a Distant Signal: it is not Distant sufficient merely to move the lever, hut the Slgnals' Signalman must at the same time watch the Signal, or its Pepeater, so as to ascer¬ tain that it obeys the lever, and goes fully on to Danger. He must take care that Wires to be the Signal wires are kept at the properlegulated length by means of the regulating screws or other appliances, so as to compensate for the expansion and contraction caused 110 SIGNALMEN. by variations of temperature. After sun¬ set the Back Lights of Signals, or their Repeaters, must he carefully watched, to see that they work properly. whenHome In the event of a Home or Starting signals Signal becoming defective, or not working become ° 0 defective. efficiently, a competent person must be placed outside such Signal with Hand Signals and Detonators, and act under the instructions of the Signalman. instant I11 the event of a Distant Signal becom- becomes big defective, or not working efficiently, a defective, competent person must be stationed just outside the Distant Signal, with Hand Signals and Detonators, and act under the instructions of the Signalman; and when such person is out of sight of the Home Signal, one man or more must be stationed between that and the defective Signal, for the purpose of repeating by Hand Signals to the man stationed at the Distant Signal the Signals exhibited at the Home Signal. Defective 209. When the Interlocking of any or Points— Lever Drame, or any Lacing Point, Bolt, arrange^1 ^ or Bar is out of order, or when any Point ments until c*i * i t tt 011 " again in or Signal Lever, or any Home, Starting, or Advanced Starting Signal, or Siding Signal, SIGNALMEN". applicable to a Siding not protected by Safety Points, is defective and not working properly, one competent man or more, as may be necessary, provided with Hand Signals and Detonators, must be appointed to act under the instructions of the Signal¬ man in charge of the Signal-box, and the Distant Signals applicable to the lines affected must be kept at Danger by being disconnected from the Levers by which they are worked, and must remain in that position until the defect has been made good, and all is again in working order. When the Interlocking of any Signal- box, or any Pacing Point, Bolt, or Bar is being altered or repaired, the Pitter in charge of the work must give to the Signal¬ man in charge of such Signal-box an exact statement of the Signals and Points which it will be necessary to work temporarily without the safeguard of the Interlocking, or the Pacing Point, Bolt, or Bar. The Hand-signalman appointed to Signal in place of a defective Signal, or in conse¬ quence of the Interlocking of a Lever- frame, or a Pacing Point, Bolt, or Bar, being out of order, must ascertain from SIGNALMEN. the Signalman in charge of the Signal-box what train he is to bring forward, and, when such train has to run over Points other than Pacing Points, he must satisfy himself, by personal observation, that the Points are in the proper position for the train to pass. If the train which is to be brought forward is approaching Pacing Points, the Hand-Signalman must, before signalling it forward, inform the Signalman in charge of the Signal-box the position of such Points, and satisfy himself that they are open for the Line on which the Signal¬ man in the Signal-hox intends the train should run. The Hand-signalman must, when signal¬ ling a train forward, stand near to the Signal in place of which he is acting, in order that his Signal may not be mistaken by an Engine-driver on any other Line, and all trains must run past the place where the defect exists at a slow rate of speed, the Engine-drivers being cautioned. The Signalman in charge of the Signal- box must take care that the Hand-signal¬ man is properly instructed as to his duties, and understands what lie has to do. SIGNALMEN. 113 When any Fixed Signal is out of order, or is disconnected for purposes of repair or otherwise, and the Interlocking of the Point and Signal Levers is all right, the Signal¬ man must, to enable him to obtain the security of the Interlocking, use the Lever applicable to such Signal as if the Signal was in work, and the Signal and counter¬ balance weight must, when necessary, he disconnected from the Lever to admit of this being done. When the Interlocking Frame at a Junc¬ tion is out of order, the Facing Points must, except when required to he other¬ wise placed for the passage of trains, he so set that no engines or trains can cross the path of a train travelling in the opposite direction upon the adjoining Line. 210. Distant Signals must he placed at use of ® distant Danger immediately they are passed by a Signal, train or engine, and must not, where the Plock Working is in operation, be again taken off, except as prescribed by the Block Telegraph Begulations. They must also be placed at Danger whenever any obstruction or danger exists upon the Ill SIGNALMEN. Line they are intended to protect, and so remain until the obstruction or danger is removed. use of 211. Whenever the Distant Signal is at Home si&nai. Danger, the Danger Signal must also he exhibited at the Home Signal, except when a train has passed the Distant Signal at Danger, or in the case of an approaching train, for which both the Signals have to be taken off; in the latter case the Home Signal must be taken off first and the Dis- tant Signal placed at Danger as soon as the train has passed it, and in the former case the Home Signal only must be lowered to allow the train to pass. Method of When a Home Signal has been lowered working „ , . „ ° . .. . Home tor the passing ot a tram, it must not, Signals • • at those Stations or Junctions where the Signals and Points are interlocked (except in case of accident or obstruction), be again placed at Danger until such train has been brought to a stand, or has passed within the Home Signal. Where the Points and Signals are not interlocked the Home Signal must be placed at Danger immediately the Engine has passed it. SIGNALMEN. 115 212. Home Signals at Junctions must Home sif?nals never be passed when at Hanger, except jbsi^Tan- where or y. procee(^j -Qie Signals must be lowered either before or instantly they are challenged by Engine-drivers. Per¬ sons responsible for delaying Trains through inattention to Signals will be severely punished. At places where the Block System is in operation the Signals must be worked strictly in accordance with the special rules for Absolute Block. ofbLinleCbyn 219. The Line must not be obstructed otherwise?1" or occupied by shunting or otherwise, until the Signals applicable to the Line or Lines about to be obstructed have first been SIGNALMEN. 123 placed at Danger. Where the Block Precaution TV. . . ° . . i #i • to be taken System is m operation, and it is necessary to foul or occupy any portion of the line, the means authorized by the Block Begulations must he adopted to prevent any train approaching from the Signal- box in the rear before such obstruction is permitted. 220. Should any impediment or obstruc- Signals to be j . .i 11 -T- . . i, . i, * i j exhibited in tion exist upon the Line withm the sight case of -i I I n j *i ,-n • -I -■ j obstruction. or knowledge o± the Signalman, he must exhibit the Danger Signals, and prevent any train or engine passing his Post in that direction, until such impediment or obstruction has been removed and the Line made perfectly clear and safe. 221. When a train is approaching Pacing Facing Points, the Signalman must he specially careful to see that the lever of the Lock¬ ing Prame which governs the Pacing Points is close home to the frame, and that the catch is firmly down in the notch, and so kept until the whole of the train has passed. He must also, from observa¬ tion, when practicable, assure himself that the points have obeyed the lever and are in the proper position. 124 SIGNALMEN. All Facing Points must be frequently tested by tlie Signalman so that he may satisfy himself they work well, and that no part is injured. Pacing Points, not worked from a Lock¬ ing Frame, which lead to or from the Main Line, must, in all cases,be securely fastened or held for the passage of trains. frequentiybe ^^2. Daring falls of snow the Signals apparatus'^ mus^ frequently worked by the Signal- fncase'of' men in the intervals of "Line Clear" in fans of snow order to prevent the frost or snow impeding the free working of the Signals. Fog- signalmen, when employed at Home and Distant Signals, must also see that nothing interferes with the true working of the Arms or Discs and Lamps; that the Lamp glasses and spectacles are kept clear from snow; and that the wires work freely over the pulleys. The Fog-signalmen must at once report to the Signalmen any defect in the Signals or impediment to their proper working. If no Fog-signalman is em¬ ployed, the Ganger of the Permanent-way must provide for this duty being performed while the snow, or its effect, continues. SIGNALMEN. 125 223. All Signals at Junctions must be Working of kept at Danger, except when lowered or Signals, taken off for a train to pass. When a train approaches a Junction, the Signal¬ man must ascertain whether the Line on which the train is about to run is clear, and, if so, then exhibit the Signals for it to proceed. If, when two or more trains approach when two x x trains approach a the same time, the Signalman should have sai timf lowered or taken off the Signals for a train same time which should have been kept back for the passage of another, he must not attempt to alter the order of the trains by reversing the Signals, but must put all the Signals to Danger, and keep them on until all the trains have been brought to a stand, when precedence can be given to the proper train. 221. At Stations and Sidings on Single to be kept at and Double Lines, where there is an Officer Danger, on duty, all the Signals must be kept at Danger, except when lowered to admit a Train, after which they must again be a Junction at the same time or at nearly 126 SIGNALMEN. immediately placed at Danger and remain so until the Line is clear, and it is necessary to lower tliem for following Trains. Where the Block Telegraph System is in operation, the Signals must he worked in accordance with the Block Telegraph Regulations. Interval of 225. Where the Elock System is not in between operation, and when the preceding train has not been telegraphed as haying arrived at the next Station in advance, no train or engine must be allowed to follow any other train or engine on the same Line, within ten minutes, nor then until the Driver of the train has been furnished with a "Train Ahead Notice," as required by Rule 498. a" t°orraation 22G. Station-masters and Signalmen are Sns""01 required to ascertain how the ordinary and special trains in their respective districts are running, and to give information to Guards. This is especially necessary on single lines, so that any requisite alteration othtrlrains1" in the working of the train staff may re- to pass. Ceive immediate attention. The Guard in charge of a train which should shunt for SIGNALMEN. 127 another train to pass, on arriving at a Station, Junction, or Siding, must inquire whether the train due to pass him there is late, and if it be late, give instructions to the Engine-driver where to shunt. The Guard must be informed as to the where¬ abouts of the train that is late, and, subject to the order of the Station-master or other person in charge, must proceed or shunt as may be necessary. If he go forward, he must take care that there is ample time to reach the place he intends to proceed to, and get his train shunted off the Main Line in accordance with Rule ISO. 227. Passenger Trains must, as a rule, ^fnes"&er take precedence of all other trains ; and, tar^edence where the Block System is not in operation, No other no Goods train must be started from any started less Station, Siding, or Junction within fifteen minutes in minutes, or longer, if the state or nature of Passenger the road render it necessary, of a Passen- bS when ger Train being due to leave in the same iAopemw direction. If, however, the Station-master or Signalman has ascertained by telegraph, or otherwise, that the Passenger train, which is due to leave, is late, the Goods 128 SIGNALMEN. train may be despatched, provided there he a sufficient margin to admit of its reaching the next shunting Station or Siding in time to avoid delay to the Passenger train, the Station-master or Signalman taking care specially to furnish the Driver of the following Train with a notice of Train Ahead, in accordance with Rule 498, unless the preceding Train shall have been sig¬ nalled by telegraph at the next station in advance. Shunting of 228. Where the Block System is in opera- others to tion, Goods trains must be shunted out of the way of Passenger trains; and Mineral, Slow Goods, and Ballast trains must also be shunted out of the way of Live stock or Past Goods trains at Stations or Sidings where there are Pixed Signals, in sufficient time to prevent the Passenger train, Live¬ stock, or Past Goods train, respectively, being delayed by the Signals either at the Station where the train is being shunted or at the Block Station in the rear. Where the Block System is not in opera¬ tion, trains, as above, which have to be SIGNALMEN". 129 passed by any other train following, must be shunted at Stations or Sidings where there are Phxed Signals, at least ten minutes before such Passenger train, Live¬ stock, or Past Goods, train is due, and kept there till ten minutes after it has passed, unless the preceding train has been telegraphed as having arrived at the next Station in advance. Wherever there is sufficient Siding accommodation to contain the train, it must not be shunted from one Main Line to the other, but always from the Main Line into the Siding. 229. "When a train or engine has to be Shunting* shunted from one Main Line to the other S Mahf i -|-i « *» *i • "i Line to the to allow a iollowins; tram to pass, such other to • # # allow train or engine must be set well within another to the Home Signal, so as to be efficientlypass' protected by it from any train or engine approaching from the opposite direction. 230. No engine or vehicle must be Shui ting' shunted or moved from one Main Line totoye the other, or from the Main Line into a Pl°ected" Siting, or from a Siding on to the Main Line, until the proper Signals have been M 130 SIGNALMEN. exhibited in one or both directions, as may be required; and care must be taken, when the Main Line is about to be obstructed, after a Distant Signal has been placed at Danger for the purpose of protecting it, to allow sufficient time to elapse for any approaching engine or train (which may have been near to or within such Signal before it was so placed at Danger) to pass before the obstruction is allowed. Tra ns not 231. Should a train which has been tele- €nier°"in°* fromkiinnd graphed as haying entered a Block Section reasonable in which there is a Tunnel not emerge time from the Tunnel within a reasonable interval of time, the Signalman towards whom the train is approaching must prevent any train in the opposite direction entering the Tunnel through which there is a double line of rails, until he has ascertained that the Line on which it has to run through the Tunnel is clear. Fixedngof 232. When it is necessary to change or signals turn a rail, or in any manner to obstruct the when Plate- . " layers are at Xiffie, Or to do SVA V WOl'Iv to the Permanent- work within ' V . station way, between the Distant Signals of limits, or rs • -i ■ mTdiitefio, any Station, Junction, or intermediate nal-boxes. SIGNALMEN. 131 Signalling place, of a character to make the exhibition of a Signal at all necessary, the permission of the Signalman in charge of the Fixed Signals must he first obtained by the Foreman Platelayer, and the work must not he commenced until the Signals have been placed at Danger, in which position they must remain until the Signal¬ man is informed by the same Platelayer that the Line is again clear, and safe for the passage of trains. The Platelayers, must, in addition, protect piateiaye» . j • 1 t j -T-.i to send out a their operations by sending out a Flagman Flagman, as ordered by llules 450, 451, 452. If the Flagman in going out to perform Flagman, the duty should arrive at a Signal-box, he must request the Signalman in charge of it to keep his Signals at Danger to protect the Line about to be obstructed, and it will not be necessary for the Flagman to go further back, but he must remain at the Signal-box, place three Detonators on the rail 10 yards apart, and use his Hand Signals; and the Signalman so instructed must not take off Lis Signals or allow any train to pass his Post in the direction of the obstruction until 132 SIGNALMEN. the Flagman or Foreman Platelayer in charge of the work has informed him that the obstruction has been removed, and that the Line is clear; the object being that the Signalman and Platelayers shall not show contrary Signals to ap¬ proaching Engine-drivers. be movedt0 233. No Person must move any points Soman's which lead to the Main Line, or from one permission. j£ajn Line to the other, without the per¬ mission of the Signalman in charge. private3 of ^3L No engine, in steam, the property owners. 0f a private owner, must, under any cir¬ cumstances, be allowed to enter upon the Main Line, except by the special per¬ mission of the Chief Traffic Manager. to8bealkept 235. Each Signalman must keep his private. Signal-box strictly private, and not allow any other persons than the authorized Officers of the Commissioners to enter it. signalsl &c., 930, ]S[0 unauthorized person must be not to be , ,1 interfered allowed to interfere with the working of with bv un- . , o personfcfed ^e Signals or Points, or the Block Tele¬ graph Instruments or Bells. Signalman 237. The Signalman must see that each each train train as it passes his Signal-box has a Tail Las a Tail e? ^ Lamp on the Board or Lamp attached to the last vehicle, last vehicle. A SIGNALMEN. 133 so that lie may be satisfied the whole of the train has passed, and that none of the vehicles have broken away. 238. If a Signalman observe anything unusual in a train during its passage, such as signals of alarm by a passenger,train- goods falling off, a vehicle on fire, a hot axle-box, or other mishap (except a " Tail Board or Lamp missing or out," or a "Train divided," for arrangements as to which see Ernies 135 and 138 respectively), he must, if he is unable to stop the train by his own signals, give to the Signalman at the Signal-box in advance the Signal to " Stop and examine Train," and must himself exhibit his Signals so as to stop any Train coming in the opposite direc¬ tion, and the Signalman at the Signal Box in advance must acknowledge such Signal and immediately exhibit the Danger Signals to stop any Train coming from or going towards the post from which the Signal was received. The Train, when stopped in obedience to the " Stop and examine train " Signal, must be carefully examined and dealt with as occasion may require; should any train going in the 131 SIGNALMEN". opposite direction have been stopped, it must be allowed to proceed after satisfac¬ tory evidence has been obtained that the Line on which it is abont to run has not been obstructed. Where practicable, the Signalman must also telegraph to the Signal-box in advance the cause of sending the "Stop and examine train" Signal. Goods fan- 239. Should the Signalman have reason iu°r from SSnng ^e^eye "^ia/k anything has fallen from a passing train before reaching his signal box, he must not give the "Line clear" signal, but must give the " Train passed without Tail Board or Lamp " Signal, and the Signalman receiving such Signal must stop the following train and warn the Engine-driver to proceed cautiously to¬ wards the Signal-box in advance, informing him why it is necessary to do so. The Telephone or other speaking instrument to be used by Signalmen to advise each other of the cause for sending this Signal. Vehicle or 240. Should any vehicle or portion of a train run- . . , . i i • j i t nin-backon tram be running back m the wrong direc- *ionD Lme. gignaimaiL must call the attention of the Signalman at the next Signal-box SIGNALMEN. 135 towards wliicli tlio vehicle or portion of the train may he running, by giving the prescribed Signal indicating that vehicles are running back on wrong Line. The Signalman receiving this Signal must immediately exhibit the Danger Signal at his Signals to stop any train coming from or going towards the Signal- box from which the Signal was received, and take any other protective measures that may be necessary, such as turning the runaway train across to the other Line or into a Siding, as may be most expedient under the circumstances. In the event of a train beins: turned across to the other Line, the Signal "Train running away on right Line" must be passed on to the next Signal-box. 211. If any vehicle or portion of a train Vehicle or , ^ . . . n train run- Jias escaped, and is running away m the ning aWay proper direction on the right Line, the K°per Signalman at the Signal-box in advance must be advised of the fact by the Signal¬ man at the Signal-box in the rear giving the prescribed Signal indicating that vehicles are running away on proper Line. The Signalman forwarding this Signal 136 SIGNALMEN. must immediately exhibit the Danger Signal at liis Signals to stop any train coming from or going towards the Signal- box towards which tiie vehicle or portion of train is running, and the Signalman receiving the Signal must immediately exhibit the Danger Signal at his Signals to stop any train coming from or going towards the Signal-box from which the Signal wras received, unless there is a train in block in the same section as the runaway vehicle and in front thereof, in which case, if the line is clear, such train must he allowed to pass before the Signals are exhibited to stop any train coming from the Signal-box in the rear, and he must arrange for the Line on which the vehicles are running to be cleared, and, if necessary, send the Signal forward, and take such other measures as he may consider most expedient under the circumstances. Train 242. The "Train divided" Signal is only divided. to be used in the event of a Signalman ob¬ serving that a train has become divided, and is running in two or more parts. The Sig¬ nalman receiving this Signal must stop any train travelling in the opposite direction; SIGNALMEN". 137 and if tlie divided train is running on a falling gradient where the stoppage of the first part would risk a collision by the second part overtaking it, the Signal¬ man must not exhibit the Danger Signal to stop the first portion, but must give the Engine-driver a Green Signal, either by Elag or Hand Lamp, waving such Sig¬ nal from side to side, and endeavour to advise him of the circumstance as he passes; if the train is running on a rising gradient or where the Line is level, the Signalman must stop the first portion and deal with it as expeditiously as possible, to prevent the second portion coming into collision with it. Should any train going in the opposite direction have been stopped, it must not be allowed to proceed until satisfactory evidence has been obtained that the Line on which it is about to run is not obstructed. 243. Where the Line is not worked Trains under the Block System, and when the each other -1 • x • i x i xi it Lines not preceding tram has not been telegraphed worked on l * • 1 x XI x Ci L X" * the Block as having arrived at the next Station m system, advance, a Passenger train must not, 133 SIGNALMEN. during foggy weather or falling snow, follow a Livestock or Goods train, nor must a Passenger train or a Live-stock or Past Goods train follow a Stopping Pas¬ senger train from a Station, nor pass a Signal-box where trains are ordinarily signalled, within fifteen, minutes; nor then, until the Driver of such train has been provided with a Notice of "Train Ahead," as required by Pule 498. specials 244. A Ped Board or a Ped Plag by day following. . . a *> m * or an additional Ped Tail Lamp by night, carried on the last vehicle of a train or an specials run engine, indicates that a special train or without • • j j* n l *1 notice. engine is to follow; as, however, special trains or engines have frequently to be run without previous notice of any kind, it is necessary for the staff along the Line to be, at all times, prepared for such extra trains or engines. vehicles 245. When vehicles are detached from a stations!at train at Stations and left on the Main Line prior to being shunted into Sidings, the Signalman must be at once informed of the fact, in order that he may keep the Signals at Danger for the protection of the SIGNALMEN". 139 Line, and wliere Block "Working is in ope¬ ration, that he may take the authorized steps for securing safety in both directions when both Lines have to he fouled; at night, in addition, a Bed Light must he shown at the rear of the vehicles, or, where necessary, at both front and rear until they are safely placed in the Sidings. The Signalman must also keep a good look-out upon the arrival of trains, and if he see any vehicles have become detached and are left on the Main Line, he must take the neces¬ sary steps to protect them. 216. Signalmen must exercise great shunting u o carriages care in shunting carriages and other vehi- ^|^er cles. In all cases where they cannot see the Points they must not move them until they have obtained a Signal from the Shunter or Guard, or from the Engine- Driver or Eireman in the case of a light- engine, that the last vehicle or light-engine, as the case may be, is clear of the Points. After shunting operations of any descrip¬ tion, the Signalman must see, or have word from the Guard (or if a Shunter has been employed, then from him), that the 140 SIGNALMEN. carriages or other vehicles have been left secure in the sidings, and that the Main Lines are clear before lowering the Signals to allow any Train or Engine to pass. In the case of a Light Engine, the Eireman will he held responsible for advising the Signalman. Goods trains 247. Goods trains must stop at the places + ctf^n no JL JL marked in specified in the Working Time-table, unless, Working' « 9 m » # Time-table. on approaching a Station or Siding, a Signal is given by the Station-master or Signalman, Exceptions. by Hand Lamp or Elag, that it is not neces¬ sary for the train to stop. When this is done, the train may run past the Station or Siding without stopping unless there are waggons or goods to leave, when the Engine- driver will have instructions from the Guard Goods trains to stop. In the case of a train timed to stop when stop at a Station or Siding when required, required. -^]ie Engine-driver of such train must stop at the Station or Siding, unless he receive a Hand Signal to proceed without stopping. booked to ^ie case a Passenger train call at booked to call at a Station when required take up to take up passengers, the train must be stopped by the necessary Station Signals being exhibited against it. SIGXALMEX. 141 249. The Signal Lamps must be lighted Lighting as soon as it commences to he dusk; and, Lamps, during the interval between daylight and dark, and in foggy weather, both Day and Night Signals must be used. The Signal Lamps must be extinguished Extinguish- in accordance with the following direc- LampSnal tions:—At places where a person is on duty all night, and at Level Crossings where a Station-master or Gateman is resident on the spot and trains are running, the Signal Lamps must not be put out until broad daylight; at the latter places the man in charge must, before leaving duty, ascertain that the Lamps are burn¬ ing properly, and are in such a condition that they will burn all night. At places where no person is on duty during the night, the Signal Lamps must be put out before the person last on duty leaves, un¬ less special instructions are issued to the contrary. 250. Should a Ballast train have to dis- Baiiast train charge or take up materials on the Main or taking up Line between two Block Signal-boxes, the SainTSe011 z~i ii? i x • xii? x* between two Guard ol such tram must, before entering Block sig, ° nal-boxes. 143 SIGNALMEN. tlie Section, inform the Signalman in charge of the Block Signal-box of the fact, so that he may he aware of the proposed occupation of the Line, and give any in¬ structions that may be necessary as to the shunting of the Ballast train for other trains; and the Signalman must intimate to the Signalman at the other end of the Section by the means prescribed by his in¬ structions that the Ballast train will be stopped in the Section to do work, and in such cases the Signalman at the other end of the Section need not carry out the in¬ structions contained in Bule 131 and 231. Dangero ^ 251. When it is necessary for a Signal- shewn when mail to leave his Signal-box for the Signalman ° box63his pnrpose of re-ligliting or re-trimming his temporarily. Distant Signal Lamps, he must, before proceeding to do so, place all his Signals at Banger, except when special instruc¬ tions are given to the contrary. Sio.nalman 252. At all Signal-boxes where both day leavingduty and night Signalmen are employed, each ?nfoii^ion Signalman, before taking charge, must, in ^^beyis addition to satisfying himself that all the reliev'A SIGNALMEN. 143 Telegraph Instruments, Signals, Points, &c., are in good working order, ascertain, from the man lie relieves, whether there is any special circumstance requiring atten¬ tion ; whether the trains which are due to pass have done so, and if not, what are the exceptions; also, what trains, if any, are in the Section on either side of his Signal-box, or are signalled, and all other matters the knowledge of which is neces¬ sary to enable him to properly discharge his duty. The Signalman relieved must give full information on these points before leaving duty, so that the duties of the Post may be conducted in an efficient manner, and any inconvenience arising from the change of men avoided. Each Signalman must register in the Train-book the time of his arrival on duty, and the time of his leaving, and place his signature thereto. Signalmen must only change duty at the appointed hours. The atten- Signalmen tion of those Signalmen who have Level Crossing /->( • i lxi'1 *1* Gates under Crossing Gates under their charge is direc- their charge, ted to Eules for the guidance of Gate¬ keepers. 144 SIGNALMEN. Signalmen 253. At Signal-boxes which are lea\ ing duty • j i t n t ~\ it* • at Boxes switched through or closed during certain which are switched portions of the day or night, the Signalman through or • closed must not leave duty before the appointed during night .. „ , . ,, x \. or on sun- time tor doing so, nor until the section on either side of his post is clear and the Warning Signal has not been accepted in either direction. Regulation 254. Each Signalman, before com- ot Clocks m . 1 j • m • i -| signal- mencmg duty m the morning, must, when practicable, compare the Clock in his Signal-box with that at the Station, and, if any difference exist, he must correct his own. Where the Signal-boxes are some distance from a Station, the Signalman must satisfy himself that his Clock is going well and keeping good time, by comparing it from time to time with that at the nearest Station. The fact of a Clock getting out of order must he reported, so that it may he repaired or replaced with¬ out delay. Note.—This Rule is not applicable to those Signal-boxes to which Sydney Time is sent daily by telegraph. In those cases Signalmen must, when necessary, correct their Clocks by the Time-signal. GATEKEEPERS. 145 GATEKEEPERS. 255. Each Gatekeeper will be provided Signals, with Day and Night Signals and Deto¬ nators, which must he kept in proper order. The Signal Lamps must he lighted as Lighting Signal soon as it commences to he dusk; and, Lamps, in foggy weather, and during the interval between daylight and dark, both Day and Night Signals must be used. The Signal Lamps must he extinguished Extinguish # • ino* Signal m accordance with the following direc- Lamps, tions :—At places where a person is on duty all night, and at Level Crossings where a Station-master or Gatekeeper is resident on the spot, and trains are run¬ ning, the Signal Lamps must not he put out until broad daylight; at the latter places the man in charge must, before leaving duty, ascertain that the Lamps are burning properly, and are in such a condition that they will burn all night. At places where no person is on duty during the night, the Signal Lamps must be put out before the person last on duty leaves. 146 GATEKEEPERS. Gates across 256. Unless special authority he given Public Roads. to the contrary, the Gates must always he kept shut across the Boadway, except when it is required that they should he opened to allow the Line to he crossed. Gates not to 257. Whenever it is necessary for the train be £ Line to he crossed, the Gatekeeper must, before opening the Gates, he satisfied that no train or engine is near; and must then signals. show the Danger Signals to stop all coming trains, and in all cases such Signals must remain exhibited until the Line is clear, when the Gates must be closed and the Signals taken off. Sheep, No Elock of Sheep, or Drove of Cattle, Traction Traction-Engine, Load Steam-Engine, or crossing heavily-loaded Timber Lorry, must be allowed to foul the Bailway when a train of any description can be seen, or is known to be approaching in either direction, nor where the Block Telegraph is in operation and the Level Crossing is a Block Signal box, until the Line has first been blocked by telegraph in both directions, and the Signalman or Gatekeeper must request the person in charge of such Elock of Sheep, GATEKEEPERS. Drove of Cattle, Traction or Road Engine or Timber Lorry to keep clear of the Gate Stops. 258. The Gate towards which Cattle, Further • -■—p i . i Gate to be Carnages, or Dorses, are approaching must first opened, not he opened until the opposite Gate has been first opened, so as to allow them to cross over without stopping upon the Line. 259. Every Gatekeeper must take par- Trains . • n •; i observed ticular notice ot each tram as it approaches as they , i .1 n • approach and passes, and it they see anything wrong and PaSS. they must show a Danger Signal to the Engine-driver and Guard, and if necessary they must exhibit the Danger Signal against any train coming in the opposite direction. 260. Gatekeepers who are not in raised Boxes must, when signalling, stand in £0™sed such position as to be readily seen by the Engine-driver and Guard of an approach¬ ing train. 261. At places where the Block System Signals x i/ where the is not in operation, and when the pre- Block i • j • i jt it it stem is not ceding tram has not been telegraphed as in operation, having arrived at the next Station in ad- 148 GATEKEEPERS. vance, and wliere tliere are Fixed Signals, no train or engine must he allowed to follow any other train or engine on the same Line within ten minutes, nor then until the Engine-driver of the train has been fur¬ nished with a Train-ahead Notice, as re¬ quired by Bule 498. Sig rials, 262. Where the Block System is in where Cross* ** ing is not a operation, and the Level Crossing is not a Signal-box. Block Signal-box, the Signals must only he used for the protection of the Crossing, except as prescribed in Bule 220. LevTcross- 263. The Lamps on Level Crossing Gates ing Gates. 0f public highways must show a Bed Light in each direction along the Line when the Gates are closed across it, and must he kept lighted from dusk to daylight, and during foggy weather or falling snow. Working of 264. At Level Crossings, where Fixed be tested. Signals are provided, the Gatekeeper must test their working both by day and by night, and report immediately any defect to the Inspector of Permanent-way, or other person in charge of the repair of Signals, and also to the Station-master under whose supervision he acts. GATEKEEPERS. 149 265. Gatekeepers and others in charge Defects to be of Gates or Points must give notice to thereported* Inspector or Ganger of Permanent-way im¬ mediately any repairs are required thereto; and, in case any part become defective or broken, or should any Gate not close pro¬ perly, and fasten itself on the instant of its being shut, they must immediately re¬ quest the nearest Platelayer to have the same put right, and, if not at once repaired, the matter must he reported to the nearest Station-master. 266. Each Gatekeeper must, as far as Trespassing practicable, prevent any trespassing on the prevented. Line at or near the Crossing, and no person must he permitted to walk on the Line, unless provided with written or printed permission to do so, signed by a properly authorized Officer of the Commissioners. In the event of any person trespassing, and refusing to quit when requested to do so, the name and address of such person must he obtained, and the circumstances reported to the nearest Station-master. If the offender also refuse to give his name and address, he must he detained and given in charge of the police. In the event of such 150 GATEKEEPERS. person leaving tlie premises npon being requested, he must be warned not to go or pass thereon again. to look out 267. Gatekeepers are to observe that a for Signals i tminsecial e ai^ Board, or Flag? by day, or extra Red Tail-lamp, by night, attached to a passing train, will indicate that there is a Special engine or train to follow, for which, as for all trains, they must keep a good look-out; or if a similar Signal is exhibited on the front of any engine it will denote that a Special train is to run in the opposite direction. In foundrd 268. Gatekeepers are to forward imme- articies. diately to the nearest Station-master any article which they may find on the Line, which may have fallen or been dropped from a train. locked^156 AH Gates must be securely locked night. across the roadway before Gatekeepers leave for the night. GUARDS, SHUNTERS, ETC. 151 GUAEDS, SHUNTERS, &c. 269. Every Guard must be in attendance Attendance at the Station from which he is to start departure cf half-an-hour before the time appointed for the departure of his train, or at such other time as may he specially fixed, and must carry with him a copy of these Regula¬ tions, the Working Time-tables, and the Regulation g Appendix thereto, and must regulate the Working I • n II j -i ii Time-tables. working ol the tram m accordance there¬ with. 270. Each train is under the control of Train under the Head Guard, who must instruct the Head Guard. Engine-driver as to the stopping, starting, and general working of the train. When there are two Guards with a Under Train, the Under Guard must obey the must obey orders of the Head Guard. Head Guard, 271. Whilst trains are within Station Guards limits, the Guards are under the orders of of Station- tlie Station-master or person in charge. 1 272. The Guard must not allow any per- Persons not • • • to rid c son to ride outside the carriages, nor must outside i .. j, . , • t carriages he permit any unauthorized personto ride m or in vans, his van, or in any compartment or vehicle in which parcels or luggage may he placed. 152 GUARDS, SHUNTERS, ETC. Packages 273. Guards and other employees are jiot to bo pi#ii j l • j • f* i conveyed tor bidden to carry any description ot pack- unl ess # • • booked. age, either for themselves, their friends, or the public, without proper authority in writing, for the free transit thereof, or unless such package be properly entered on the way-hill. Guards to 274. Passenger Guards must carefully parcels with compare the parcels with the way-bills, and note on the latter any defect or discre¬ pancy. All way-hills must he initialled by the Guards. Trains not 275. Po train must he allowed to travel to run after . -p • p. . • p sunset or in on the JLme alter sunset or m foggy Aveather, weather, or during falling snow, unless falling snow, there shall he attached thereto, and lighted, lighted a Ped Tail Lamp and two Ped Side Lamps ^Tail arid • ^ ^ ^ ~ Side Lamps. (except when it is otherwise provided) ; and the Guard if there he only one, or the Pear Guard, if there he more than one, must see that these Lamps are kept pro¬ perly burning throughout the journey. Specials 276. A Ped Board or a Ped Plag by foikmmg. or an additional Ped Tail Lamp by night carried on the last vehicle of a train or on an engine, indicates that a special Specials train or engine is to follow; as, however, run without • i x • • i J? „ „ x"l notice. special trains or engines have frequently GUARDS, SHUNTERS, ETC. 153 to be run without previous notice of any kind, it is necessary for the staff along the Line to he, at all times, prepared for such extra trains or engines. 27611 ofa-ournend trams until they have handed them over to the Guards who are to relieve them, or to the Foreman or Shunter. Guards to examine Notices. Getting between GUARDS, SHUNTERS, ETC. 175 309. At the end of the journey, the Train . * journals. Guard in charge must deliver to the Station-master, or forward direct to the Superintendent of the District, a journal containing the time of the running of his train, noting therein every circumstance of an unusual kind, any detentions that may have taken place on the journey, and any error as to parcels, luggage, or goods. In the event of any occurrence having taken place which might have involved in any respect the safety of the train or line, he must, in addition to the notices in his journals, send in a special report thereof. 810. "When a Guard is riding in a train Guard other than that he is appointed to work, Safnh!m he must render any assistance necessary appointed in the working of the train by which he t0 work" travels, and obey any instructions received from the Guard in charge of such train ; and when there is on the train a break-van in which no Guard is riding, he must ride o1 in such van, and act as Assistant Guard. 311. Every Guard must have with him Articles a his Watch, Whistle, and Carriage Key, w w!thSt and take in his van a Ked and a Green 176 GUARDS, SHUNTERS, ETC. Plag, and such other articles as directed in the Appendix to the Working Time¬ table. HeadeSG°uard 312. The Head Guard, before starting, Passenger must satisfy himself that there are the pre- tnun. scribed number of Breaks, and a sufficient number of carriages attached to the train, and that the Breaks are in good working order; that the Carriages are properly cleaned, coupled (including continuous break couplings), and labelled; that they are provided with the necessary Tail Board or Tail, Side, and Boof Lamps ; and, when a means of communication between the passengers and employees of the Commis¬ sioners in charge of the train is required, that it is applied and works properly. (See Appendix to Working Book.) Sand-boxes 313. The Guard must see that the \ans, and Sand-box in his Break Van is supplied oi break. with Dry sand, and that the delivery-pipe is clear and ready for immediate use. When the weather is damp and the rails slippery, he must freely use his sand when his Break is being applied. Sand is useful at all times in increasing the effect of the Break. Guards should avoid as much as GUARDS, SHUNTERS, ETC. 177 possible skidding thewheels of the vehicles. The greatest power in checking the speed of a Train is obtained by checking the ro¬ tation of the wheels, without skidding them. 311. Guards are to make a note of any To note any Carriages or Trucks in a dirty or defective windows, condition, or with torn lining, broken windows, deficiency of or defective Roof, Side, or Tail Lamps ; and no statement of such defect existing before the starting of the Train will be received, unless they shall have called the attention of an Officer of the Station thereto. The Guards will be held responsible for all defects of the kind found on arrival of the train, and not reported. 315. The Head Guard of a train pro- Break- vided with a Continuous Break, must, Sfof before starting the train, and at places where the engines are changed, or vehicles attached or detached, test the continuity of the Break in accordance with the in¬ structions in the Appendix, and he must inform the Engine-driver the number of vehicles there are on the train, and upon bow many of them the Break can be p 178 GUARDS, SHUNTERS, ETC. applied; and when any vehicles are at¬ tached or detached on the journey, the Engine-driver must he advised, and told whether the attaching or detaching of such vehicles will interfere with the working of the Break on the whole or a portion of the train, and if the latter, to what extent. This Bule does not apply to trains made up entirely of vehicles fitted with a Con¬ tinuous Break, running daily with the formation unaltered and the Break com¬ plete. When, however, in such cases the formation is altered, or vehicles are attached or detached, the Guard and the Engine-driver must communicate with each other. Guards not 316. Guards are not to depend entirely to depend on nxin their breaks. upon the action and power ot the Con¬ tinuous Break where iq. use; but when approaching Terminal Stations or Junctions must have their Trains well under control, so that they can he brought to a stand with the Hand Breaks. They must also make themselves conversant with all the rules issued from time to time relating to the working of the Continuous Break, GUARDS, SHUNTERS, ETC. 179 317. Whenever Passenger Carriages Position of are attached to Goods Trains they must he caSS'S placed next the front of the last Break Yan. 318. If during the journey any Vehicle Punishment become detached from the Train in conse- ^coiTled quence of the couplings breaking, the Guard of such train will he liable to dis¬ missal, unless he shall be able to show that the Side Chains, where such are pro¬ vided, as well as the Centre Couplings, were in use. 319. Guards must see that the doors of rfoorf,t0 be closed. the carriages and other vehicles are properly closed, and, in case of any un¬ usual stoppage on the road, must request J™*™' the passengers to keep their seats, except when necessary to alight. 320. Should a Passenger or Mixed train, pena , . j ru j • i Passenger m stopping at a Station, orer-run or stop train over- JL JL ° . i runs, or short of the platform, the Engine-driver must not move the train back or draw it to"u- forward until he receives instructions from the Guard in charge to do so. Station- masters, Guards, and others must at once take steps to prevent passengers leaving 180 GUARDS, SHUNTERS, ETC. the carriages that are not at the platform ; and as soon as the Guard in charge has satisfied himself that all Carriage doors are closed, and that no passengers are entering or leaving the train, he must instruct the Engine-driver to put hack or draw up to the platform as may he required. The Engine-driver must sound his whistle before moving his train. Smoking. 321. Smoking in the carriages, except in the compartments specially set apart for that purpose, is strictly forbidden, and Guards must take care that the By-law on the subject is enforced. The Guards must, before starting, see that they have a sufficient number of compartments re¬ served for smokers, and he careful not to place ladies in the compartments so reserved. Passengers 322. The Guard must take care that to enter , ii n proper passengers enter the proper carriages for carnages, piaces which they are booked, and that no passenger is allowed to leave the Re-booking train for the purpose of re-hooking by the trainT/o- same train, with the view to evade pay- hibited. jo ±i n mcnt of the proper fare. GUARDS, SHUNTERS, ETC. 181 323. Should a vehicle be attached to, or Change of detached from, the rear of a train at an sfde Lamps, intermediate Station, the Guard, if there be only one, or the rear Guard, if there be more than one, must see that the Tail Board or Tail and Side Lamps are re¬ moved to their proper places on the train. If the train be fitted with a Continuous Continuous Break, the Head Guard must see that the munication communications between the carriages are adjusted o after properly adjusted after shunting is per- shunting1, formed and before starting his train. 324. When vehicles are detached at Vehicles Stations from the rear of Trains, and have Stations, to be shunted into Sidings, the Signal¬ man must be at once informed of the fact, in order that he may keep the Signals at Danger for the protection of the Line; and, at night, in addition, a Bed Light must be shown at the rear of the vehicles until they are safely placed in the Sidings. 325. Should complaint be made of the Defective • • Carriages running of any carriage, the Guard must report the fact to the Station-master or first Carriage-examiner, and enter the par¬ ticulars in his journal, giving the number 182 GUARDS, SHUNTERS, ETC. and class of carriage; but if tlie Guard liave reason to apprehend danger from such carriage before it can be inspected, he must have it detached from the train. Ladies 326. When ladies are travelling alone, aione. ° the Guards are to pay every attention to their comfort; and, in placing them in the train, they must, if requested, endeavour to select a carriage for them (according to the class of their tickets) in which other ladies are travelling. If ladies wish to change carriages during the journey, the Guards must enable them to do so. Passenger 327. The Guard must not allow any pas¬ te becon-not senger or parcel to be conveyed by the train properly unless properly booked; and if he has booked. x xl jl ' reason to suppose that any passenger is without a ticket, or is not in the proper carriage, he must request the passenger to show his ticket, reporting to the Station- master or person in charge any irregularity passenger 1ie may detect. When a passenger is £tonf"s desirous of changing from an inferior to a ™ superior class of carriage, the Guard must carriage. iiave this arranged by the Station-master or person in charge. GUARDS, SHUNTERS, ETC. 183 328. Wlien a deficiency of room occurs Deficiency — _ or of in a train while on the journey, the Guard must request the Station-master to tele¬ graph to the next Station where carriages are kept, to have one or more in readiness to attach on the arrival of the train, re¬ porting the fact in his journal. He must also report in his journal if he has habitu¬ ally either an excess or deficiency of room in his train. 329. The windows of all empty com-WIn?ows of jl «/ empty com¬ partments must be closed not only while fitments -L . in* to be closed. the carnages are standing at the Stations, but also when the trains are running, im¬ mediately upon the compartment becoming yacant. The yentilators must be kept open. Ventilators to be kept open. 330. The Guard must see that plate- Commis- layers and other workmen of the Commis- workmen to sioners holding passes, are kept as separate apart from as possible from the passengers. When a passengers* large number of workmen travel by the same train, carriages must be specially provided for their use, and they must ride in these carriages only. 184 GUARDS, SHUNTERS, ETC. Prisoners 331. Prisoners under the charge of police, pc^ons?ne and persons afflicted with, insanity or from an infectious disease, must not he placed with other passengers, hut in a separate compartment. Disorderly 332. In the event of any passenger heing passengers. or disorderly, 1° the annoyance of others, the Guard is to use all gentle means to stop the nuisance; failing which, he must, for the safety and convenience of all, remove the offender from the train at the first Station. The Guard must obtain the name and address of the offender, and also of one, at least, of the passengers pre¬ sent at the time; he must also take care that the offender's luggage is put out of the train before it proceeds 011 its journey. to report 333. Guards will see that the By-laws infringe- . # ** ment of are complied with; and whenever they are violated report the fact at the first Station. Collection or 334. Guards, on arrival at a Ticket- examination ,, . . J J • l J J1 of Tickets, collecting Station, must request the pas¬ sengers to have their tickets ready, and must assist the Ticket-collectors by open¬ ing and closing the carriage doors; they GUARDS, SHUNTERS, ETC. 185 must not, however, collect, or examine tickets, except at places where there is no one in charge or under special instructions. 335. The Carriages are to he properly To search searched by the Guards, where there is no Camages- person specially appointed for that pur¬ pose, immediately the Train arrives at its destination, and all unclaimed property found must he at once brought to the Officer on duty. 336. On the arrival of a Passenger train Guards at a terminus, the Guards must not leave Ke110 until they have delivered over all luggage untnthey and parcels, together with the way-bills delivered relating thereto, to the persons appointed and luggage, to take charge of them, and care must he taken not to allow any unauthorized person to enter a break-van or luggage-compart¬ ment ; should any article be missing, the Articles Guards must immediately report the case ims m^ to the person in charge of the Station, and in their journals. Guards must, after the safe working of the train, give their next attention to the luggage, parcels, despatches, and other packages entrusted to them, and must not 18G GUARDS, SHUNTERS, ETC. leave their vans or break-carriages until the luggage, parcels, &c., for the Station have been put out, nor until those from the Station have been received and placed in the respective break-compartments. In the case of luggage which has to be re¬ moved from or placed in the luggage- compartments of carriages, the Guard must give orders for this to be dealt with immediately after he has disposed of the luggage of his van. With special reference to parcels, those which have to be put out must be given by the Guard to the Porter appointed to receive them, who must sign in the Guard's book for the Yalue parcels delivered to him. The Guard must in like manner sign in the Porter's book for the Yalue parcels transfered to his care. Uniform 337. In order to insure uniform time instructions being kept at all the Stations on the Line foi keeping ^ which time is not telegraphed, the following Instructions must be strictly observed:— (a) Each Guard must, before start¬ ing on his journey, satisfy himself that his Watch is correct with the GUARDS, SHUNTERS, ETC. Clock at the Station from which he starts, and he nmst again compare, and regnlate, it if necessary, by the Clock at the Station where his journey ends, before commencing his return journey. ( i-i y~v i-i • break-van instructions ox the Out-door Superm- is not at tendent, waggons are run on the Mainrearoftrain- Line without a break-van in the rear, a man provided with the necessary Signals must in all cases ride on the last waggon. 341. Goods trains must stop at the Goods trains places specified in the Working Time- marked in table, unless, on approaching a Station or Time-table. Siding, a Signal is given by the Station- master or Signalman, by Hand Lamp or Elag, that it is not necessary for the train to stop. When this is done, the train may Exceptions, ran past the Station or Siding without stopping unless there are waggons or goods to leave, when the Engine-driver will have instructions from the Guard to stop. In the case of a train timed to stop at a Goods trains a i i ' pi ■ i • i •iji timed to Station or Siding when required, the stop when Engine-driver of such train must stop atrequircd- the Station or Siding, unless he receive a Hand Signal to proceed without stopping. 190 GUARDS, SHUNTERS, ETC. Trains 342. Iii tlie case of a Passenger train booked to 0 caii at booked to call at a Station when required stations to 1 1 ~i jij* jt take up to take up passengers, the tram must be stopped "by the necessary Station Signals passengers. being exhibited against it. awards 343. In the case of Trains which stop Guard's van intermediate Stations only for the pur- frequently. . v _ 1 pose of taking up or letting down passen¬ gers, goods, and parcels, Drivers must look to the Guard's Yan in sufficient time before reaching the platform, so as to he able to stop the Train should the Guard signal him to do so. At Platforms where there is no one in charge, the exhibition of a flag by day or a light by night will be a signal for the Driver to stop to pick up passengers. Attaching 344. When, from any cause, a Goods detaching train has been brought to a stand on the Goods train Main Line, where the line is not level, where Line n • p n • i -i is not level, and it is necessary for the engine to be detached from the train for the purpose of attaching or detaching waggons, the Guard must, before the engine is uncoupled, satisfy himself that the van-breaks have been put on securely; and as an addi- GUARDS, SHUNTERS, ETC. 191 tional precaution, lie must pin down a sufficient number of waggon-breaks, and place one or more sprags in the wheels of the waggons next to the rear break in the case of an ascending gradient, and of the foremost waggons in the case of a descend¬ ing gradient, so as to prevent the possi¬ bility of the waggons moving away. The number of sprags must be regulated by the steepness of the gradient, the number of waggons, their loads, and the state of the weather and rails. 345. Before attaching any Travelling Crane to his train, the Guard must see crane.lll§ that the jib of the crane is properly lowered and secured, and so fixed that it will pass under the gauge, and it must, when practicable, be so placed that the jib points towards the rear of the train. The Station-master or person in charge of the Siding for the time being, and the Head Guard of the train, must, before a Crane is attached to a Goods train, take care that all the fastenings provided for the purpose of securing the jib and balance- box in their proper positions during transit 192 GUARDS, SHUNTERS, ETC. are in good condition and applied, and tliat the necessary niatcli-waggons are provided. At each stopping place on the journey, the Head Guard must satisfy himself that the fastenings are secure. Waggon-examiners must also inspect the fastenings, in addition to the usual examination of the wheels, &c. If any defect exist in any of the fas¬ tenings, the Crane must not be attached to a train, and if travelling, it must he detached for the fastenings to he made good. Wagons to 316. The Guard must not attach a ' loaded waggon unless it he labelled, nor any waggon which he may think is unsafe to travel. viSs? 347. Whenever any vehicle has re¬ ceived damage, however slight in appear¬ ance, hy getting off the Line or otherwise, it must not be allowed to continue in traffic until it has been inspected and pro¬ nounced safe by the Carriage-examiner at the nearest Station. To report 348. Goods Guards must, before start- abied truck ing, see that the Trucks in their train eor- stitionata respond with the way-bills ; and they will GUARDS, SHUNTERS, ETC. 193 be lield responsible for the correct delivery of all goods according to the way-bills; and in case a disabled Truck is left at any station short of its destination, full par¬ ticulars must be reported to the Station to which such Truck was consigned, as well as to the District Superintendent. 319. The Guard must see that the chains Chains of or other appliances on timber-trucks and trucks and on boiler-waggons, whether the vehicles be waggons to i 11 j -i i be secured. loaded or empty, are so secured as to pre¬ vent their getting loose whilst travelling. Foremen, Guards, and Shunters must take care that no timber-truck or boiler-waggon is allowed to leave a Station or Siding without the chains being first carefully examined and made perfectly secure and safe, and Guards will be held responsible for seeing that they remain so during the journey. 350. "When waggons of live stock are Doors of attached to a train, the Guard must see waggons to that the fastenings of the doors are allbetastened- secure. On the journey he must avoid Shunting of m i j • i "1 cattle. unnecessarily shunting such waggons, and the shunting when requisite must be done as gently as possible. 4 191 GUARDS, SHUNTERS, ETC. shunting- 351. Waggons must not be shunted into from trains. Sidings, nor to other waggons upon the Main Lines, without remaining attached to the engine, except the waggonsare attended by a Breaksman or other competent person prepared to put down the waggon-hrealcs or to apply sprags, as the case may be, so as to prevent their coming into violent contact with other waggons or vehicles, or from fouling other Lines. Shunting When waggons require to be shunted waggons ..... ci • J • xl xl into incline mto incline Sidings, the waggons to be moved at one shunt must be limited to such a number as the engine can push up without going at a violent or excessive speed. Rolling 352. When a Guard receives delivery Qtnck ** received of llolling Stock, the property of private /1 «i id i o*prl n f O 1 1 v J- (jctllltlgcli dl * -| i -l • i • i i Junctions, owners, m a damaged condition, he must draw the attention of the Station-master or Officer-in-Charge to the circumstance, so that it may be noted. He must also note the circumstance in his journal. waggons 353. Guards must not take on waggons Infliktl u itli OO goods Habie loaded with goods liable to be set on fire to be set on . . i v • i ^ i fire. by sparks or hot cinders, unless such wag¬ gons are properly sheeted. EXPLOSIVES AND DANGEROUS GOODS. 195 354. Every Goods Guard who lias used Goods • n i • • i t "i o Guards a van with a stove m it, must, betore vans with leaving duty, take care that the fire in the theirm stove is entirely extinguished, unless the van has to he sent out again immediately, in which case a small fire may he allowed to remain, all necessary precautions heing taken to avoid damage arising therefrom. 355. Goods Guards must not leave their Delivery of trains until they have heen delivered over at°end o?m to the Eoreman, Yardman, or Shunter. journey- Xote,—The speoial attention of Guards is directed to Tule 856 (Regulations for the conveyance of Explosives and Dan• gerous Goods). \ Regulations for the conveyance by Goods Trains of Explosives and Dangerous Goods. 356. The following Code of Instruc- instructions tions must he observed hy Guards and explosives, others, with respect to the conveyance of cc' vehicles containing Explosives and Dan¬ gerous Goods. 1. On each side of any vehicle con¬ taining Explosive matter there will he affixed, in conspicuous characters, hy means of a securely attached lahel or otherwise, the word "Explosive." 196 EXPLOSIVES AND DANGEROUS GOODS. 2. Not more than five vehicles con¬ taining Explosives must he attached to, or conveyed by, any one train at any one time. 3. Whenever Vehicles containing Explosives have to he forwarded by train, the special attention of the Head Guard in charge of the train must he called to the vehicles, by a duly authorized person. I. The vehicles must be placed as far as practicable from the engine at¬ tached to the train, and no fire must be allowed in the Guards' Break-vans when any vehicles containing explo¬ sives are attached to the train. 5. In loading or unloading any Explosives the casks and packages containing the same must, as far as practicable, be passed from hand to hand, and must not be rolled upon the platform or ground, unless hides, cloths, or sheets have been previously laid down on the platform or ground over which the same are to be rolled. EXPLOSIVES AND DANGEROUS GOODS. Casks or packages containing Ex¬ plosives must not be thrown or dropped down, or left upon the plat¬ forms, hut must he carefully de¬ posited and stowed. 6. While the loading, unloading, or conveyance of Explosives is going on, each person engaged in such loading, unloading, or conveyance, must ob¬ serve all necessary precautions for the prevention of accident by fire or explosion; must not allow any un¬ authorized person to have access to the Explosives being so loaded, unloaded, or conveyed ; must abstain from any act whatever which tends to cause fire or explosion, and is not reasonably necessary for the loading, unloading, or conveyance of such Explosives, or of any other article carried therewith ; and must prevent any other person from committing any such act. 7. Vehicles containing Oil or other traffic of an inflammable nature must not be put on the train near to vehicles 198 EXPLOSIVES AND DANGEROUS GOODS. containing Gunpowder or otlier Ex¬ plosives. Gunpowder and dynamite must always be loaded in separate vehicles. 8. Mineral Oil, Oily Rags, Oily "Waste, Oily Paper, and Oily Canvas must be loaded in separate waggons, and each waggon must have a special distinctive label on each side, in order that Guards may be aware of the contents, and such waggons must be kept as far as practicable apart from others containing Goods, and must not be placed within the Commissioners' Sheds or "Warehouses. 9. At every station at which a train stops, the Guard in charge must make a special examination of the waggons containing Gunpowder or other Dan¬ gerous or Inflammable Goods, and must more especially examine the axle-boxes; and if the axles show the least sign of heating, the waggons must be detached, and the attention of the Station-master or person in charge specially directed to it. EXPLOSIVES AND DANGEROUS GOODS. 199 10. In the event of its being neces¬ sary to detach, as unfit to travel, any vehicle containing Explosives at any point short of its destination, the Guard must advise the person in charge of the Station or Siding where o o the vehicle is detached, in order that the necessary precautions may he taken by all concerned in dealing with the defective vehicle. 11. Before detaching at the end of his journey, or at the exchange Sidings, vehicles containing Ex¬ plosives, Oily Matter, Naphtha, Naphthaline, Petroleum, Benzoline, Kerosene, Gasoline, or other Mineral Oils, the Head Guard in charge of the train must call the special atten¬ tion of a duly authorized person, and obtain his instructions as to the dis¬ posal of the vehicles. 200 WORKING STEEP GRADIENTS. INSTRUCTIONS FOR WORKING STEEP GRADIENTS. General Remarks, applicable to all Trains. descpndhig1 357. Tlie speed of Goods Trains when gradients." descending steep gradients, or running round sharp curves, must never, under any circumstances, be allowed to exceed fifteen (15) miles an hour, and the speed of Pas¬ senger Trains (under the same conditions) shall not exceed twenty-five (25) miles an hour on the Southern and Northern Lines, and twenty (20) miles per hour on the Western Line. Engine-drivers must be careful to keep their train under perfect control whilst descending. Passenger Trains. torebTtaken. 358. Before ascending steep gradients all couplings must be carefully examined to see that they are perfectly sound and properly screwed up, the threads being quite through the nuts, and that the side chains are properly connected. engines'6* 359. No Engine is 'to be used for Pas- breakf senger Trains unless it has Breaks on the drivin a* wheels. WORKING STEEP GRADIENTS. 201 360. Heavy Break Vans are to be used Break vans on all Trains travelling over the steep gradients. 361. Guards and Engine-drivers must Break be careful that the Break Blocks and the blocks'&c working parts of the Breaks are in good order. 362. Each Guard must have in hisDuty0f Break-van not less than four (4) sprags, S train and should the vehicles get uncoupled uncoupled, from any cause, when ascending any of the inclines, he must instantly put the Break hard on, leave the Van, and spragas many wheels as practicable in the train so as to prevent the return of the vehicles down the incline. Goods Trains. * 363. Goods Trains must be carefully Couplings, coupled with strong centre links and side chains, where the latter are provided. 364. Heavy Break Vans are to be used Break-vans 11 i • i • j? i i* and duty of on ail trams; and it, when ascending any Guards n i -i • i • j_i i • -i tit i should train ol the inclines, the couplings should break, become un- the Guard should immediately put thecoupled" break hard on, leave the van, and sprag the wheels, and let down as many breaks as possible. 202 ENGINE-DRIVERS AND FIREMEN. Slippery 365. Goods trains must be stopped at the tops of the inclines specified in the Appendix to the Working Time-table, or any others where, owing to the slippery state of the rails, a Driver may consider it advisable, and as many Vehicle Breaks applied as may be considered necessary for the safety of the train. Engine 360. No engine is to be allowed to run breaks Cv with any Goods train if not provided with breaks on the wheels of the engine in ad¬ dition to those on the tender. ENGINE-DRIVERS AND FIREMEN. * attendance. 367. The Engine-driver and Fireman must appear on duty as clean as circum¬ stances will allow, and must be with their engine at such time previous to the start¬ ing of the train as the Locomotive En¬ gineer may require. The Engine-driver will be responsible for seeing that his Engine to engine is in perfect order, and in readi- ordenr.proper ness at least ten minutes before the time appointed to start the train. ENGINE-DRIVERS AND FIREMEN. 203 363. The Engine-driver must have with Articles to him at all times a Watch showing thebe taken' correct time, and on his engine or tender a complete set of .Lamps, a box of De¬ tonators (not less than twelve), two Red Elags, and such other tools as may he ordered by the Locomotive Engineer from time to time. He must also have with him a copy of Regulations these Regulations, and of the Working Time-tables for the current month of thetables' Lines over which his engine has to run, and he must regulate the working of the train in accordance therewith. He must also carry with him an Appendix to the Working Time-table and all necessary Notices as to the Signalling or General Working of the Line. 369. The Engine-driver and EiremanNoun- must not allow any other person, unless in the execution of his duty, to ride on 1^1 the engine or tender without written or printed permission from the Locomotive Engineer or Secretary to the Commis¬ sioners. 370. Eircmen must, in all cases, he Firemen to under the direction of the Drivers. orde^S Drivers. 204 ENGINE-DRIVERS AND FIREMEN. Engine not to 371. 1STo engine must be allowed to be in be in motion on j • it "H /I" • T • 1 "lJ1.ll the Main Line motion on the Mam .Line, unless both the •without both ' amfFheraanr Engine-driver and Eireman are upon it. being upon it. Notices to 372. The Engine-driver, before com¬ be examined mencing his day's work, must ascertain before O ^ 1 commeiicmg: from the Notices posted for his guidance if there be anything requiring his special attention on those parts of the Line over which he has to work. Coal to be 373. The Engine-driver and Eireman on tenders. must take care that the coal on the tender is not stacked too high, and that it and the boxes, tire-irons, and tools which are carried on the tender are so placed that they will not fall off when the engine is in motion. sanSS 374. Before starting their trains they must examine their sand-boxes, and take care that they are fully supplied with dry sand, and that the delivery pipe is clear. They must freely use the sand, if neces¬ sary, to increase the effect of the break, and when necessary to check the slipping of the driving wheels. Care should, how¬ ever, be taken not to use sand when passing over points and crossings. ENGINE-DRIVERS AND FIREMEN. 205 375. The Fireman, on the starting of a Engine- tram, and both the Engine-driver and Fireman to TV £ x"l 1 • j.1 • lookback. Fireman frequently during the journey, (especially when passing a Signalman), must look back and see that the whole of the train is following in a safe and proper manner. 376. When a train is about to start Not to leave from a Station, Siding, or Ticket Platform, Siding, or the Signal to start given by the GuardSrmtPlafc as required by Rule 279, merely indi- proper cates that the Station duty or the col- &1°ua lection of tickets is completed; and, previous to starting the train, the Engine-driver must satisfy himself that the Line before him is clear, either bv ob- y «/ servation, or by obtaining, by means of his whistle, the exhibition of the necessary Signal, as the circumstances of the case may require; and when starting, the Eire- Fireman to man must look back on the platform side °° until the last vehicle has drawn clear of the platform, to see that the whole of the train is following in a safe and proper manner, and to receive any Signal from the Station-master or Guard that may be necessary. 206 ENGINE-DRIVERS AND FIREMEN. Not to move train towards Starting Signal until lowered. Engine not to foul Main Line without permission, and proper Signals. Engine Lamps and Indicators. To place signal lamp on his Tender or tiain if required. To ascertain Break-power °f traiu before starting pi3 traip 377- Engine-drivers must not move their trains forward after the Station work is completed towards the Starting Signal before it is lowered, except when they are specially ordered by the Station-master or Person in Charge to do so. 378. No engine must enter upon or cross the Main Line without the permis¬ sion of the person in charge of the Points and Signals, nor then until the Engine- driver has satisfied himself that the proper Signals have been exhibited. 379. The Engine-driver must, before starting, see that his Lamps are in good order, and that his engine carries the proper distinguishing Lamps, or other Indicators of the train. At and after dusk, and during foggy weather or falling snow, he must have the Lamps lighted. It is the duty of the Eiremen to place the Signal Lamps on the Engine or Tender, but Drivers are responsible for seeing that the duty is properly carried out. 380. It driver of tinuous break, before starting the train, and at places where the engines are is the duty of the Engine- a train provided with a con- ENGINE-DRIVERS AND FIREMEN. 207 changed, to ascertain from tlie Head Guard the number of vehicles there are on the train, and upon how many of them the Break can be applied, and when any vehicles are attached or detached on the journey, the Engine-driver must ascertain whether the attaching or detaching of such vehicles will interfere with the working of the Break on the whole or a portion of the train, and, if the latter, to what extent. This Eule does not apply to trains made up entirely of vehicles fitted with a Con¬ tinuous Break, running daily with the for¬ mation unaltered and the Break complete. When, however, in such cases the forma¬ tion is altered, or vehicles are attached or detached, the Guard and the Engine-driver must communicate with each other. 381. The Engine-driver must stand up Engine- and keep a good look-out all the time the stand up engine is in motion, and the Eireman must also do so, when he is not necessarily otherwise engaged. 382. The Engine-driver and Eireman inf0!jpy i n n i 1 l Pi • 1 1 weather and must careiully observe all Si ^IXcX-LS • cinCl during falling €/ # O ' snow, speed when, from fog or falling snow, or from reduced if any other cause, the Eixecl Signals are not are not visible. 208 ENGINE-DRIVERS AND FIREMEN. visible as soon as usual, tlie speed must be reduced, and every possible precaution used, especially in approaching Stations and Junctions, so that they may be able to stop the train short of any obstruction, should the Signals be against them. Driver to 383. In foggy weather or during fall- iouIiy,Cand" ing snow, the Engine-driver must travel if5Fixed or cautiously, keeping a sharp look-out for £ais cmi- tlie Eog-signalmen, who must show an not be seen. C£ Eight" light to him if the Signals are off. When the Eog is so dense that the Eixed Signals cannot be seen by the Engine-driver on approaching or passing them, he must, unless he see the Eog- signalman's All-Eight Hand Signal, act in accordance with Eule 85. to re-uiate 381. The Engine-driver must regulate notestaratnd the running of his engine as accurately before time. ag practicable, according to the Working Time-table, so as to avoid extreme speed or loss of time. He must on no account when working a Passenger train leave any Station at which he has stopped before the time specified in the Time-table. To assist in 385. The Engine-driver must afford train! ^ such assistance with his engine as may be ENGINE-DRIVERS AND FIREMEN.. 209 required for the formation, arrangement, and despatch of his train. The movements of the train are under Train under the direction of the Guard, to whose in- Guard, structions as to the stopping, starting, and general working of the train, the Engine- driver must pay implicit attention. 386. Home Signals are placed at ^aelg Stations, Junctions, Sidings, and Signal- boxes, and when at Danger no train or engine must pass them, or foul the Cross¬ ings or Points to which they apply, except as prescribed in Regulations 66 and 77, or where " Calling-on" Arms are in use. Home Signals at Junctions are, as a rule, so placed as to indicate by their positions the Lines to which they apply, and when more Arms than one are lixed to the same side of a post they apply generally as follows, viz.:— The first or top Arm, to the Line on the left; The second Arm, to the Line next in order from the left ; and so on. R 210 ENGINE-DRIVERS AND FIREMEN. Home 387. Home Signals at Junctions must jifrictions never be passed when at Hanger, except passed at where " Calling-on " Arms are in use. Hanger. ° Trains "When a train lias stopped at a Junction required to 11 # within^such Home Signal, and it is necessary to bring signals. it within the Home Signal before the Section ahead is clear, the Signalman may, where a Starting Signal is provided, and that Signal is at Hanger, lower the Home Signal for the Train to draw ahead. The Engine-driver of any train which has been thus stopped at a Junction Home Signal must, after that Signal has been lowered, go slowly forward towards the Starting Signal, but must not pass the Starting Signal until it is lowered except for shunt¬ ing purposes, as provided in Hule 7E Home 3S8. Home Signals at Stations, Sidings, other than and Signal-boxes (other than at Junctions) wher"theineS where there are Starting Signals, must Kgifan!'1111" never be passed when at Hanger, except as stated in Regulation 77, or where "Calling- on " Arms are in use. Trains When a train has been stopped, or Krought brought nearly to a stand, at the Home Home1 sucb Signal of a Station, Siding, or Signal-box signal (other than at Junctions) where Starting ENGINE-DRIVERS AND FIREMEN. 211 Signals are provided, and it is necessary to bring it within the Home Signal before the Block Section ahead is clear, the Sig¬ nalman may, if the Starting Signal is at Hanger, lower the Home Signal for the train to draw ahead. 389. Home Signals at Stations, Sidings, Home O * O 7 Signals and Signal-boxes (other than at Junctions) where Starting Signals are not provided, where there must never be passed when at Hanger, Starting o j yij • i i ~r~\ j "i -i -i • i • a,,|»ioacung its Signals at Danger, the Lngme-driver j unction 1 • ^ 9 o ^ must give the proper notice by whistle to warn the Signalman of his approach, and must not, until he has seen the proper Reduced Signals exhibited for him to proceed, run b^nai seen, at a greater speed than will admit of his being able to stop his train before arriving stop, if at the Home Signal or the Points and against him. Crossings protected thereby, or short of any obstruction that may exist; and he must so stop his train if the Signals are against him. The Engine-driver must, as Fireman to far as practicable, have his Pireman dis- look out it i • • when engaged when approaching or passing a or passing- a Station or Junction, so that he also may Station or •% lit joo*i junction, keep a good look-out lor Signals. To^whistie 403. Before moving an Engine, under moving. any circumstances, Drivers must sound the whistle. ENGINE-DRIVERS AND FIREMEN. 227 404. The continued sound of the Not to *i i • • (* j i i • i whistle un- wnistle will sigmiy the want ot assistance, necessarily. JEngine-drivers must not whistle unneces¬ sarily , especially when attached to or near a Passenger Train. 405. Engine Drivers of Special Trains Engine- rim at short notice, and for which there Special • • . Trains to lias not been time to issue notice to the use whistle, platelayers along the line, should sound the whistle on entering cuttings where a good view of the line in advance cannot he obtained, so as to intimate to platelayers the approach of the train. 406. Engine-drivers of Trains, when speed of • ji i t j • i n trains when running through Junctions to or from passing Lines diverging from the straight road, Junction j t ji • i j Points and must so reduce their speed as to ensure a crossings, steady passage for the whole train through the Junction Points and Crossings. Where special rates of speed to he observed in running over certain Junctions and other portions of the Line are fixed, they will be found in the Notices or Appen¬ dices. 407. The Engine-driver must protect his To protect engine in accordance with the Regulations, nglne' without reference to any telegraphic com- 228 ENGINE-DRIVERS AND FIREMEN. munications that may exist between Stations or Signal-boxes, and be is not in any way relieved from this duty by the existence of Block or other Telegraphic Working, ex¬ cept in the case of a Single Line, when he is in possession of the Train Staff, Train Tablet, or Electric Staff for the section over which he is travelling. Means to be 408. When an Engine-driver requires Engine- the assistance of the Guard's break, he driver and . . i j i Guard to must give two or more short, sharp po dn O JL other s whistles, or sound the break whistle (when attention. 9 .. ^ # • 1 * i _p j ~i 1 a special whistle is supplied tor that pur- pose), and apply the Communication where such exists. Should the Guard wish to attract the attention of the Engine-driver, he will, in addition to using the Communication where such exists, apply his hand-break sharply, and release it suddenly. This operation repeated several times is almost certain, from the check it occasions, to attract the notice of the Engine-driver, to whom the necessary Caution or Danger Signal, as the case may require, will he exhibited. Should the train he fitted with a continuous break, with which the Guard has a connection, or ENGINE-DRIVERS AND FIREMEN. 229 which he has the means of applying, he will apply it, and thus attract the atten¬ tion of the Engine-driver. 409. If, incase of accident, an engine or Engine or train train is unavoidably obliged to run for a passing for • • a short short distance in the wrong direction on distance on either Line, the Guard or Eireman must fnS'ofne i i *1 i « accident. go or send some other competent person hack to the next Signalman, and obtain his permission in writing for the engine or train to run on the wrong Line to his Post; but the Engine-driver will not, under any circumstances, move in the wrong direc¬ tion until he has received such written permission, and when so moving in the wrong direction he will make frequent use of his whistle. 410. No engine must be allowed to push Engine not i • p j I to push a tram oi carriages or waggons on the train. Main Line, unless within Station limits, but must in all cases draw it, except under special Regulations or when assisting up inclines, or when required to start a train from a Station, or when an engine has to return for a divided train. In case of an engine being disabled on Exception, the Line, the succeeding engine may push 230 ENGINE-DRIVERS AND FIREMEN. tlie train slowly to the next Siding or Cross-over road, at which place the pushing engine must take the lead. Assistant 411. When one or more engines are engine not . . . . . . j/i j.i to leave employed to assist a tram m the rear, they train except 111 j i j • 1 ^ i where there must not leave the train except at places are Fixed . in* i t signals. where there are Jj lxed Signals and a man on duty. When two or more engines are employed to draw a train, they must not he uncoupled except at places where there are Fixed Signals and a man on duty, nor then until the engines have been brought to a stand. engines to When two or more light-engines have to be coupled. pass the same time through a Block Section, they must be coupled together before entering such Section, and must not be uncoupled except at a Block Signal- box, where there are Fixed Signals and a man on duty. Train drawn 412. When two engines are employed in by two -m i __ # engines. drawing the same train, the Engine-driver and Fireman of the leading engine are responsible for the observance of Signals; Duty of each the Engine-driver of the second engine driver^ to must watch for, and take his Signals from, bignais. |.j10 Engine-driver of the leading engine; ENGINE-DRIVERS AND FIREMEN. 231 but the Engine-driver of the second engine is not relieved from the due observance of all Signals regulating the safe working of the Line. Great caution must he used in starting Caution in i • I i , , j Starting. a tram drawn by two engines to prevent the breaking of the couplings. 113. When more than one engine is Signals to attached to a train, the Signal of three engine, distinct whistles will signify to reverse and put hack, and one to move forward; in each case the leading Driver must give the Signals, and the other immediately repeat and obey them. 411. Engines when running on the Engine Tails Main Line without a train must carry in Lunp" the rear a Tail Board by day, and a Tail Lamp by night. Engines assisting trains in the rear must carry a Tail Board or Tail Lamp. Engines drawing trains must not carry any Tail Board or Tail Lamp in the rear. In the case of two or more engines run¬ ning coupled together without a train, the last engine only must carry a Tail Board or Lamp in the rear. 282 ENGINE-DRIVERS AND FIREMEN. front of11 414a. When a Special Train is run on note"speciai Single Lines at short notice, and the pre- ninininun" ceding Train in the same direction has not direction carried the Signal provided for in Rule 93, a Red Board by day, or a Red Lamp in ad¬ dition to the ordinary Head-light by night, is to he placed in front of the Engine pro¬ ceeding in the opposite direction until it shunts for the Special, when it is to be removed. This will notify that a Special Train is to be run in the oppositedirection to the Train carrying the Signal in front. Parallel 414b. Where trains are run in the same Linus ■ Special direction on parallel Lines, special Regula- ShS,8 tions for Head, Side, and Tail Lamps will Side, and ' , V Tail Lamps, be made, when necessary, to meet the cir¬ cumstances of each case.—See Appendix to the wopking book. tr°ain?nal 415. Should an Engine-driver see cattle L?ne when on ^ie Bine, or observe anything wrong necessary. 011 ^}ie £,ine of rails opposite to that on which his train is running, he must sound his whistle and exhibit a Danger Signal to any train or engine he may meet, and stop at the first Signal-box or Station and report to the Signalman or person in charge what he has observed. Should he ENGINE-DRIVERS AND FIREMEN. 233 meet an engine or train too closely fol¬ lowing any preceding engine or train, lie must sound his whistle and exhibit a Caution or Danger Signal as occasion may require, to the Engine-driver of such following engine or train. 416. The Engine-driver must start and to start ana stop his train carefully and without a jerk, X.wlth and pass along the proper Line, wrhich, in the case of an ordinary double Line, is the t0 ran on left-hand side of the Permanent-way, in the proper Line' direction in which the engine is travelling. He must careful]y approach all Stations tg be at which his train is required to stop, and approaching- must not stop short of or over-run the notttons8toapd platform; he must also exercise great care ove?runor in passing Stations where he is not required platform- to stop. Should a train be approaching, stopping Use of at, or leaving a Station, on the oppositewhlstle* Line, or should shunting operations he going on, he must, on approaching and whilst passing, sound the engine whistle. The whistle must also he sounded to Whistle to caution Plate-layers at work on or near SPonen' the line on which the train is running, and paSsand on entering a Tunnel to warn all men at Tunnels, 234 ENGINE-DRIVERS AND FIREMEN. Engine- drivers not to throw out hot water, &c., in Tunnels. Stopping of trains. Testing of Continuous lircak. Terminal or other principal Stations or Dead-end Days to be entered with special care. work inside, and must be repeated occa¬ sionally when passing through long Tun¬ nels. Engine-drivers must not throw out hot water, fire, or cinders whilst passing through a Tunnel. In stopping his train, he must pay par¬ ticular attention to the state of the weather and the condition of the rails, as well as to the length of the train; and these cir¬ cumstances must have due weight in determining when to shut off the steam. Engine-drivers must satisfy themselves that the Continuous Break is in proper working order before starting, at each Station where the engine is changed, and again at each Station where any vehicle is attached or detached. It must also be tested before passing the Distant Signal of any Terminus or other principal Station at whicli the train has to stop, and the speed of the train must be reduced by it, and Engine-drivers must always enter such Stations or a Dead-end Bay at any Station, at such a speed as to enable them to stop the train at the proper place by the appli¬ cation of the ordinary Hand-break only, and Guards must watch the speed of trains ENGINE-DRIVERS AND FIREMEN. 235 and assist the Engine-drivers "by the use of the Hand-break when necessary. Unless the Continuous Break is working properly when thus tried, the Engine- driver must whistle for the Guard's Hand- break, and inform the Guard as earlv as 7 t/ practicable that the Continuous Break is out of order, and the Hand-break must be relied upon for working the train. Special care must then be taken in approaching Stations at which the train has to stop. 4i 17. Should a passenger train, in stop- when a ping at a Station, over-run or stop short train of the platform, the Engine-driver must or stops i short of a not move the tram back or draw it lor- platform, ward until he receives instructions from the Guard in charge to do so. Station- masters, Guards, and others must at once take steps to prevent passengers leaving the carriages that are not at the platform; and as soon as the Guard in charge has satisfied himself that all carriage doors are closed, and that no passengers are entering or leaving the train, he must instruct the Engine-driver to put back or draw up to the platform as may be required. The Engine-driver must sound his whistle before moving his train. O 236 ENGINE-DRIVERS AND FIREMEN. of time1 ^18. Where the Block System is not Snf" *n °Peration, and the preceding train has not been telegraphed as having arrived at the next Station in advance, no train or engine must he allowed to follow any other train or engine on the same Line, within ten minutes, nor then, until the Driver of train has been furnished with a Train Ahead notice, as required by B/ule 498. Defect in 419. The Engine-driver must report at Works, the first Station at which he stops any Telegraph « • Dost!, defect which he may have observed in the Wire * or Signals. Boad or Works, Electric Telegraph Posts or Wires, or Signals; if the defect be of a serious character, and likely to cause an accident, he must stop at the first gang of repairers and inform the ganger, also at the first Signal-box to inform the Signal¬ man. At the end of his journey the Report to be Engine-driver must report in writing to Sa/ouraney?d his Superintendent, or Eoreman, or to the Clerk in attendance, the state of the road, any irregular working of Signals, or other unusual circumstances that may have taken place on the journey, and must also enter in the Punning Shed Driver's Beport Book particulars of defects in the Engine or Tender. engine-drivers and firemen. 237 420. Waggons must not be sliunted into Shunting Sidings, nor to other waggons upon the from trains Main Lines, without remaining attached to the engine, except the waggons are attended by a Breaksman or other competent person prepared to put down the waggon breaks, or to apply sprags, as the case may he, so as to prevent their coming into violent contact with other waggons or vehicles, or from fouling other Lines. When waggons require to be shunted Shunting • j • "i • °of • v xi xl waggons into incline Sidings, the waggons to be int? incline moved at one shunt must he limited to such 11%s' a number as the engine can push up with¬ out going at a violent or excessive speed. 421. Double shunting is strictly pro- Double hibited, except when done by enginesshuntuig specially used for the purpose of shunting, attended by experienced Shunters. Loose shunting of vehicles against loaded Loose T) j • "li? 1*1 x* shunting. Passenger trams, and ot vehicles contain¬ ing Passengers or live stock, is strictly prohibited. 422. When a light engine is running on Engine- tlie Line unaccompanied by a Guard, the light-engine Engine-driver will be held responsible for wh5ent shunting where necessary for trains toncccssary- 238 ENGINE-DRIVERS AND FIREMEN. pass, and for carrying out the instructions prescribed for the Guard in Regulations 179 and 180. Goods trains 423. Goods trains must stop at the places marked in specified in the Working Time-table, unless T^me-table, on approaching a Station or Siding, a Signal is given by the Station-master or Signal¬ man, by Hand Lamp or Elag, that it is not Exceptions, necessary for the train to stop. When this is done, the train may run past the Station or Siding without stopping,unless there are waggons or goods to leave, when the Engine-driver will have instructions from Goods'trains the Guard to stop. In the case of a train scop when timed to stop at a Station or Siding when requued. reqUire(jj the Engine-driver of such Train must stop at the Station or Siding, unless he receive a Hand Signal to proceed with¬ out stopping. Awards ^ie case ^rains which stop Guard's Van at intermediate Stations only for the pur- frequentlj-. . •> pose oi taking up or letting down passen¬ gers, goods, and parcels, Drivers must look to the Guard's Van in sufficient time before reaching the platform, so as to he able to stop the train should the Guard signal to him to do so. At Platforms where there ENGINE-DRIVERS AND FIREMEN. 239 is no one in charge, the exhibition of a flag by day or a light by night will he a Signal for the Driver to stop to pick up passengers. 425. "When the Engine-driver of a Shunting to Train sent on in advance of a late Passenger Passenger train, under Pule 179, with orders from f.SJTt0 the Guard to shunt at a particular Station, Junction, or Siding, finds he is losing time and is likely to be overtaken by the Pas¬ senger Train before reaching the appointed shunting place, he must stop at an inter¬ mediate Staff, Tablet, or Block Station, in sufficient time to admit of his train being shunted off the Line out of the way of the Passenger train, in accordance with Regulation ISO. 426. In the case of a Passenger train Trains booked to call at a station when required can at t0 to take up passengers, the train must be take up stopped by the necessary Station Signals Passengers being exhibited against it. 427. Special trains must be run as nearly speed of as practicable at the same rate of speed as t££l corresponding trains shown in the Working- Time-table, and of which they may form a part; and the speed of special trains must 240 ENGINE-DRIVERS AND FIREMEN. in no case exceed that of such correspond¬ ing trains, unless under specific instructions from the Out-Door Superintendent. Train on 428. Should any vehicle in a train he fire • on fire, the train must he stopped, and the Guard must protect it in compliance with Rules 285 and 286. The Assistant Guard or Fireman must detach the vehicles in the rear of those on fire, the burning vehicles must he drawn forward to a distance of fifty yards at least, then uncoupled, and left until the fire can he extinguished, to effect which every effort must he made. Engine- drivers seeing fire by the side of the Line, or on adjoining paddocks, must signal the fact to the nearest gang of plate-layers. Train at 429. Should an Engine-driver observe a stand on ■ • . i i . .» opposite tram or engine at a stand, on the opposite obscured by Line to that on which he is travelling, steam or -i ~i i j it j i smoke. obscured by steam or smoke, he must sound his whistle and approach it very cautiously, so as to he able to stop if necessary. - Platelayers' 430. A Green Disc or Green Elag by reduceto day or a Green Light by night fixed in the ground or exhibited by Platelayers, indi¬ cates that trains and engines must reduce speed to fifteen miles an hour, or to sucli ENGINE-DRIVERS AND FIREMEN. 241 speed as may be prescribed by special in¬ structions over tlie portion of Line pro¬ tected by snch Green Signal. 431. "When a train or engine bas to be Shunting sbunted from one Main Line to the other Sm? to allow a following train to pass, snch other to train or engine must be set well within the another to Home Signal, so as to be efficiently pro- pass* tected by it from any train or engine approaching from the opposite direction. 432. When an Engine-driver brings Engines to his engine to a stand in obedience to so as not to Signals, he must take care that the and1 iJ°mts engine does not stand foul of the Points Cl0SSinss- or Crossings of any joining or converging running Line. 433. When any train or engine is Shunting1 shunted from one Line to another after Line to • . p , i -| . another sunset, or m toggy weather or during after sunset, falling snow, the Head and Side Lights weather or must be reversed so as to show Led against a ingsnow* any other train or engine travelling on the Line of rails obstructed by the train or engine so shunted. Shunting engines employed exclusively Lights on in Station Yards and Sidings must, after engines, sunset or in foggy weather, carry both 242 ENGINE-DRIVERS AND FIREMEN. Head and Tail Lamps showing a Led Light, or such Signal as may he pre¬ scribed. nose of water 434. Engine-drivers, after taking water 'lanks must be o ' t i " appear m excess ox the driver s duty, ox ENGINE-DRIVERS AND FIREMEN. 243 unreasonable, be is to do it, unless incon¬ sistent with safetv, but the matter is to be v ' referred to the Locomotive Inspector without delay. 439. If the Driver of a Goods or other Trains fol- train is doubtful of getting out of the way other"oach • closely of a Passenger or other train he must direct the nearest ganger or platelayer to give the necessary caution signals to the train following him; and whenever a signal indicating a Train Ahead is per¬ ceived, the Engine-driver of the following train must reduce his speed, even if the train itself is not in sight, and after passing such signal he must be particularly care¬ ful in approaching any Station and in passing those parts of the line where he cannot see half a mile before him. 21^ INSPECTORS, GANGERS, PLATELAYERS, ETC. INSPECTORS, GANGERS, PLATE¬ LAYERS, AND OTHERS Employed on the Permanent-way, and 011 Works affecting the Running Lines. Men in 440. There shall be a Foreman. Ganger, beaprovided 0r Leading Man for each Gang of Plate- Kegulations, layers or men engaged on the Permanent- working way or on other Works affecting the Time Running Lines, and the District Inspector of Permanent-way must take care that every such Foreman, Ganger, or Leading Man is provided with a copy of the current Working Time-table, and the Appendix thereto, the Weekly and when practicable Men to be any other Notices of the Working arrange- provided * O o with copy of ments, and that each Foreman, Ganger, Leading Man, and Under Man is provided with a copy of these Rules and Regulations. Lamps and 441. Each Gang of Platelayers or be supplied. Labourers must be supplied by the In¬ spector of Permanent-way for the district with a Permanent Waj Gauge, two sets of Lay Signals, two Hand Signal Lamps, and a proper number of Detonators. INSPECTORS, GANGERS, PLATELAYERS, ETC. 245 Each Ganger will be held responsible for having his Signals constantly in proper order and ready for use. 442. Each Eoreman, Ganger, or Leading *ules™nsJ Man, and every man engaged on the Per- explained to manent-way or on other Works affecting the Punning Lines, must constantly have with him, when on duty, a copy of these Pules and Regulations, which he must produce when required. The Eoreman, Ganger, or Leading Man in charge must read and explain, or cause to be read and explained, the Pules and Pegulations, so far as they relate to his duties, to every man who is employed in his Gang, both at the time he first comes to work under him and at least twice a year afterwards. Each man to whom the Pules and Pegulations are so read and explained must sign a declaration to that effect which must be sent to the Permanent-way Inspector of the district. 443. The Inspectors of Permanent-way Observance and Works must take care that all Pules tions. and Pegulations are observed, and report any departure from them to the Engineer. 246 INSPECTORS, GANGERS, PLATELAYERS, ETC. Inspectors 444. Each Inspector must have a reg- register of ister of the names and places of residence addresses of of all men employed in his district, so that, men. • * in case of accident, he may he enabled to summon them immediately to assist in any Must Way that may he required. Should any summon v ^ v men in obstruction take place, caused by snow, emergency. ii i / slips, or other sudden emergency, he must immediately collect the number of men required. b?usedto 445. The Signals to he used by the men engaged on the Permanent-way or works are Discs, Ped and Green Elags, Hand Lamps, and Detonators. The Discs and Elags are for use during daylight, the Lamps after sunset and in foggy weather and during falling snow, and the Deto¬ nators whenever necessary to attract the attention of Engine-drivers. The Ped and Detonating Signals indi¬ cate Danger, and must he used when it is necessary to stop a train. The Green Signal indicates Caution, and must he used when it is necessary to slacken the speed of a train. The Ped Signal must not on any account he used except in cases Meaning of Signals. INSPECTORS, GANGERS, PLATELAYERS, ETC. 247 of danger, and when it is necessary that a train should he stopped. 446. When it is necessary to change or Working turn a rail, or in any manner to obstruct Sig'nals the Line, or to do any work to the Platelayers Permanent-way, between the Distant Sig- S)V'0lk 1 f» omj* t i ' 'j Station nals or any Station, Junction, or inter- limits or 1 • j_ ci • it* l i? i j_ ± near inter¬ mediate Signalling place, ot a character to mediate make the exhibition of a Signal at all boxes!" necessary, the permission of the Signalman in charge of the Pixed Signals must he first obtained by the Foreman Platelayer, and the work must not he commenced until the Signals have been placed at Danger, in which position they must remain until the Signalman is informed by the same Platelayer that the Line is again clear, and safe for the passage of trains. The Platelayers must, in addition, protect Platelayers j i • j* i t • i to send out their operations, by sending out a hlagman, a Flagman, as ordered by Dules 450, 451, or 452. If the Flagman in going out to perform Flagman, the duty should arrive at a Signal-box, he must request the Signalman in charge of it to keep his Singals at Danger to protect the Line about to he obstructed, and it 248 INSPECTORS, GANGERS, PLATELAYERS, ETC. will not be necessary for the Elagman to go further back, but be must remain at the Signal-box, place three Detonators on the rail ten yards apart, and use his hand Signals ; and the Signalman so instructed must not take off his Signals or allow any train to pass his Post in the direction of the obstruction until the Elagman or Eoreman Platelayer in charge of the work has informed him that the obstruc¬ tion has been removed and that the Line is clear; the object being that the Signalman and Platelayers shall not show contrary Signals to approaching Engine-drivers. Fixed 447 Platelayers and labourers must not, Signals not «/ ' to be used except m cases of emergency, or as pro- except in . J- . J- emet-°ency V1(led 111 rules 232, 450, 451, and 452, avail themselves of the Eixed Signals, and must, in all cases, use their own Special Signals for their own purposes. Passenger 448. Where the line is not worked under follow ing the Block Telegiaph Begulations, if a IPas— Goods train , . i • 11 • i • i or Light senger tram approach withm ten minutes Engine to be « /->, i j • i • i j • j i cautioned. oi a (ioods tram or iight-engme, the men repairing the Line must give the Engine- driver of such Passenger train a Signal to go slowly. INSPECTORS, GANGERS, PLATELAYERS, ETC. 249 449. Should a Ballast Train have to dis- Ballast train charge or take up materials on the Main or taking up Line between two Block Signal-boxes, the Mainrfineon "li? j_ l i? j_* between two Guard oi such train must, before entering Block the Section, inform the Signalman in charge iX.~ of the Block Signal-box of the fact, so that he may be aware of the proposed occupa¬ tion of the Line, and give any instructions that may be necessary as to the shunting of the Ballast train for other trains ; and the Signalman must intimate to the Signal¬ man at the other end of the Section by the means prescribed by his instructions that the Ballast train will be stopped in the Section to do work; and in such cases the Signalman at the other end of the Section need not carry out the instructions con¬ tained in Bade 231. Lorries passing through all Tunnels must be protected solely by the Platelayers' own Signals. 450. Previous to any truck,lorry, waggon, Protection or other obstruction being placed upon the LineR? Line, or in the event of any Ballast or other obstruction. Way and Works train being obliged to reman stationary on the Line, or to move so slowly as to be in danger of being overtaken, 250 INSPECTORS, GANGERS, PLATELAYERS, ETC. the Danger Signal must he plainly exhi¬ bited, and three Detonators placed upon the Line, ten yards apart, at a distance of not less than 1,200 yards from the point where any obstruction or danger exists, in the direction of any coming train or Engine (even if no train or engine is expected) by the Foreman Platelayer or Ganger, or by a competent man appointed by him to do the duty, who must continue to exhibit the Signal until a messenger arrives with express orders from the Foreman Platelayer or Ganger to withdraw the Signal; such order, however, must not be sent until the ob¬ struction is completely removed. Obstruction If the obstruction occurs on a Single Line Line. of Railway, the Ganger must arrange for the Danger Signals to be exhibited and three Detonators placed on the Line, ten yards apart, not less than 1,200 yards in both directions. Obstruction Should the distance of not less than near a Tunnel. 1,200 yards fall within a Tunnel or close to the mouth of a Tunnel nearest to the obstruction, or in any other position where, owing to the formation of the Line or from INSPECTORS, GANGERS, PLATELAYERS, ETC. 251 some other circumstance, the Engine-driver of an approaching train or engine would he unable to obtain a good and distant view of the Signal, then the Signal must he exhibited at the end of the Tunnel farthest from the obstruction, or at such a distance over and above the prescribed distance of not less than 1,200 yards as may be necessary to ensure the Engine-driver obtaining a good and distant view of such Signal. If the Eoreman Platelayer or Ganger, Flagman, or other competent person appointed to exhibit the necessary Signals and to place the Detonators on the Line should arrive at a Signal-box before he has reached the prescribed distance, he must request the Signalman in charge of it to keep his Signals at Danger to protect the Line about to be obstructed, and it will not be necessary for him to go further back, but he must remain at the Signal-box, place three Detonators on the rail ten yards apart, and use his Hand Signals; and the Signal¬ man so instructed must not take off his Signals or allow any train to pass his Post in the direction of the obstruction until the Elagman or Eoreman Platelayer 252 INSPECTORS, GANGERS, PLATELAYERS, ETC. or Ganger in charge of the work has in¬ formed him that the obstruction has been removed and the Line is clear ; the object being that the Signalman and Platelayers shall not show contrary Signals to approach¬ ing Engine-drivers. Signals 451. Before a Bail is taken out, during during* 9 • # • relaying. relaying operations, or in case of any slip or failure of the works, or if from any other cause the Line is unsafe, a Elagman ap¬ pointed for the purpose must exhibit a Danger Signal, and place three Detonators on the Line, ten yards apart, at a point at least one mile from the place of obstruction, and, in the case of a Single Line, or where the slip or failure alfects both Up and Down Lines, this must he done in both directions. Flagman. The Elagman in going out to perform the duty must act in accordance with Bule 450. changing ln all cases before taking out a Bail, the Platelayers must have, at the spot, a perfect Bail in readiness to replace it. when13 452. When repairing, lifting the Line, repairing or performing any operation so as to make it necessary for a train to proceed cautiously, INSPECTORS, GANGERS, PLATELAYERS, ETC. tlie Foreman Platelayer or Ganger must send a man back at least half a mile, or as much further as the circumstances of the case render necessary, who must fix a Deton¬ ator on one rail of the Line for which he is signalling, and exhibit a Caution Signal in such a manner as will ensure it being plainly visible to the Engine-driver of the approaching train. If the man in going back should arrive at a Signal-box, lie need not proceed beyond it, but he must advise the Signal-man in charge of it of the necessity for slackening the speed and giving the Caution Signal to the Engine-driver of any train running in the direction of the repairs, and he must himself exhibit the Caution Signal as above instructed. In such cases the Signalman must keep his Danger Signals exhibited until the speed of the train has been sufficiently reduced, when he must, if the Block Tele¬ graph or other Regulations have been complied with, lower his Signals to allow the train to pass, and caution the Engine- driver. 254 INSPECTORS, GANGERS, PLATELAYERS, ETC. Rails not to 453. Except in the most absolute neces- be displaced -1- , -iti i in foggy or Sity, a flail must m no case be displaced, weather, nor must any other work he performed, hy except . absolutely which an obstruction may be made to the necessary. _ . . . •> . passage of the trains m a tog or during falling snow, and the times for effecting repairs which involve the stopping of trains must, as far as practicable, be so selected as to interfere as little as possible with the passage of the traffic. 454. A Green Elag or a Green Light, reduce exhibited hy Platelayers, indicates that speed. . _ 7 _ trams and engines must reduce speed to fifteen miles an hour over the portion of Line protected hy such Green Signal, ex¬ cept where special instructions are issued giving the limit of speed. Distance at The Caution Signal must always he which Caution exhibited at a distance of not less than must be half a mile from the point where it is required that the speed of trains and engines should he reduced, or as much further as the circumstances of the case render necessary. of"troiiy j i • "i -i • t • i • j materials. Permanent-way materials m his district, and for their being kept clear of both Lines, and properly stacked. 481. All tools and implements required Security of oil • a j i t • i 1 i tools and tor the repair ot the Line, must, when not implements, in use, be kept locked up in a building, or in boxes, for the security of which each Poreman or Ganger on his own length of line is responsible. 482. When a train is approaching, Men to keep clear of Platelayers and other men at work on the trains. Permanent-way must not remain on any Punning Lines, nor between them if the spaces are less than eight feet, but must at once move clear of all Lines, unless they can distinctly see that they are in a position of safety, and in no danger from another train approaching them un¬ observed ; the men must stop in the positions they have taken up till the train has cleared a sufficient distance to enable them to see that no train is approaching on the other lines before they re-cross the rails. 266 INSPECTORS, GANGERS, PLATELAYERS, ETC. If circumstances compel Platelayers or other men to remain in the six-feet space, between trains passing on adjoining Lines, they must lie down. beaappo"nted Where, owing to a Curve, Bridge, or obstruction of any kind, the approach of a train cannot he observed or heard in time for the men to get out of the way, a Plag- man or other competent person must he appointed by the Ganger to give the necessary warning. Sstkom The men must also desist from work in work during cases of fog or falling snow, wThen the fog or ^ • falling snow. Poreman, Ganger, or Leading Man con¬ siders that they would not have sufficient warning of the approach of a train, provided such discontinuance of work does not en¬ danger the safety of the trains. Where of necessity a Gang of men is work. working in a fog or during falling snow, the Poreman, Ganger, or Leading Man in charge must send out a man in each direc¬ tion to warn the Gang of the approach of a train, either by shouting or using a fog horn or loud whistle, and if the occasion require it, the men sent out must place a INSPECTORS, GANGERS, PLATELAYERS ETC. 267 Detonator on one rail of the Line on which the train is approaching. In busy Yards, the Foreman, Ganger, or " Look-out" Leading Man must, at his discretion, ap- men' point "look-out" men, placed at such a distance as circumstances require. 183. All men working in a Tunnel, Working in 1 j • 1 • * 1 i • Tunnels. when trains are approaching m both direc¬ tions, must, if unable to reach any recess in the walls, lie down either in the space between the two Dunning Lines, or be¬ tween the Line and the side of the Tunnel, until the trains have passed. The width of the space depends on the construction of the Tunnel, with which every man must make himself acquainted, in order that he may select the place which affords the greatest safety. The Engine-drivers have instructions Drivers to that the whistle must be sounded on enter- entering and ing a Tunnel to warn all men who are through working inside, and that it must be re- Tunnels- peated occasionally when passing through long Tunnels. Engine-drivers are also instructed that Drivers not ii i i ji i i i i n to throw out they must not throw out hot water, lire, or hot water, cinders, whilst passing through a Tunnel. Tunnel. 268 INSPECTORS, GANGERS, PLATELAYERS, ETC. Ruietobe Any omission to comply with this Rule reported, must he reported by the Foreman, Ganger, or Leading Man, to his Inspector. Materials 484. Each Foreman or Ganger will he found upon *110 11 i * i * Line to be responsible tor collecting any coupling collected • • • — « r ^ o chains, hooks, pins, iron, or other materials which may be found on the Line, and for having them conveyed to the nearest Station weekly. Luggage 485. All luggage, goods, or articles found Vh,enLine • • i t h clear tram or engine must be allowed to pass the point where the obstruction existed without the Staff and the Pilotman. The Pilotman must accompany the train or engine carry¬ ing the Staff to the Staff Station, when the 282 WORKING SINGLE LINES BY STAFF AND TICKET. traffic will be again conducted according to the Train Staff Regulations. Baiiast train 5qg# When a Ballast train has to work at work on , the Line. on tiie Line, the Staff must be given to the Engine-driver in charge of it. This will close the Line whilst the Ballast train is at work. The ballast train must proceed afterwards to one of the Staff Stations to open the Line, before the ordinary traffic can be resumed. But if a ballast train is required to run over a Section of Single Line from one Staff Station to the other without stopping to work on the way, it may then travel with Staff or Ticket as required. Under no circumstances must the Ballast train stop to do work on the Line unless in possession of the Train Staff. "When a Ballast train in possession of the Staff is at work on the Line, it will not be necessary to send out Elagmen to protect it, as directed in Rules 450 and 451. staff 519. The Working Time-tables or Ap- Stations O J- shown in pendices, issued for the guidance of the WnrlHno* X ' O worKing , • ,"| • p Time tables employees, will contain the necessary mior- aicAespen" mation from time to time as to the places which are appointed Staff Stations. WORKING SINGLE LINES BY STAFF AND TICKET. 283 FORM OF TRAIN STAFF TICKET. £orm ^ Where such Ticket is in use. Ticket. No. New South Wales Government Railways. TRAIN STAFF TICKET. Line or Branch. Train No. To the Engine-driver. You are authorized, after seeing the Train Staff for the Section, to proceed from to , and the Train Staff will follow. Signature of person in charge Date [over. (Back of Ticket.) This Ticket must be given up by the Engine-driver, immediately on arrival, to the person in charge of the Staff Working at the place to which he is authorized to proceed, to be dealt with as the latter may be in¬ structed. 284 WORKING SINGLE LINES BY STAFF AND TICKET. Instructions to be observed in the event of the Train Staff being at the op¬ posite end of the Section from which a Train is required to be dispatched. This mode of working by " Line Clear Report" is intended to provide for extreme cases only, and should never be resorted to unless when absolutely unavoidable without catising serious delays to Trains. It has already been cancelled on a great portion of the Line, and must only be used on those sections for which special authority is given in the Working Appendix. To inform 520. If a Train, by which the Staff other • Stations by should be transmitted, be delayed through accident, or other unforseen cause, and a Station-master finds himself without any means of transferring the Staff to the other end of its Section in time to prevent another train being seriously delayed, the Station-master of the adjacent Staff Sta¬ tion must first be informed by wire of the circumstances, and the Possessor of the Staff may in such a case, and in accordance with the following directions, authorise a Train, to be worked under Line Clear Report. WORKING SINGLE LINES BY STAFF AND TICKET. 285 521. It must be distinctly understood Only Station- tliat, where the Staff and Ticket Regula- possession of . . p -i j « j S • Staff to issue tions are 111 torce, no one but a Station- Line Clear master or Officer in Charge in possession Kep°rt of a Train Staff can issue a Line Clear Re¬ port., and before issuing any such Report the Officer holding the Staff must make sure that every Train which may have left his station with a Staff Ticket has safely reached the Station at the other end of the Section. He must also see that his Ticket Book is locked up in the Box, and that the Staff is locked in a safe or drawer from which it cannot be obtained except by the person who issued the Line Clear report, until the traffic can again proceed accord¬ ing to the usual Regulations. 522. In wording a Line Clear Report Wording of n , I ° Line Clear lor transmission by wire :— Report. Rirst—It must be distinctly stated that Is¬ suer is in actual possession of the Staff. Second—The Train for the use of which the Line Clear Report is intended must be fully and accurately described. Third—It must also be stated that the Line will be blocked until the arrival of the Train referred to. 236 WORKING SINGLE LINES RY STAFF AND TICKET. Driver to 523. Line Clear Reports must be issued in refuse Line Clear Report the order of their consecutive numbers, and if not in strict ac¬ cordance before being handed to a Driver must be wTth Rules, countersigned by the Station-master or the Officer-in-Charge of the Station at which it is received. No Driver must accept a " Line Clear Report" unless it is strictly in accordance with the foregoing directions, and is made out in the authorised form. Line Clear 524. Upon the arrival of a train which cancelled oe has been brought on under Line Clear Re- after used. pQr^ «ne Qiear Report must be col¬ lected from the Driver, and the word "Cancelled" must be written across the face of it in ink (with a remark as to the time the train arrived, which should be signed by the Station-master and dated), and the report forwarded to the District Traffic Superintendent by first train, to¬ gether with full particulars of the cause of its being issued. To report to 525. The Station-master despatching a Superinten- train under a Line Clear Report is also to report the circumstance to the District Superintendent, and the fact must also be duly entered by the Guard and Driver in their journals. WORKING SINGLE LINES BY STAFF AND TICKET. 526. When an assistant engine is push- Carrying of Line CleaT* ing at the rear of a train worked under Report in *•—' case of Line Clear Report, the Driver of such Assistant engine is also to he furnished with LineEngme" Clear Report, and he must in all cases run the entire length of the section to which such Line Clear Report applies. 527. Should a train or engine which is Trains foi- being worked under Line Clear Report re- under Line o * Clear quire to he followed by other trains or Report, engines prior to the arrival of the Staff from the opposite direction, Line Clear Reports may be asked for and granted, but they must not be handed to the Driver until at least fifteen minutes after the de¬ parture of the preceding train or engine, and a Notice of Train ahead must also be handed to him at the same time, in accord¬ ance with Rule 498. When more than one Line Clear Report is issued the greatest care must be taken by the Officer issuing them to see that the Train Staff is securely locked up, as required by Rule 521, until all are again received by him (in accord¬ ance with the Counterparts of the Line Clear Issue Book) from the Drivers of the trains, and cancelled. 288 WORKING SINGLE LINES BY STAFF AND TICKET. 528. Line Clear Report Form:— New South Wales Government Railways. Line Clear Report No Issued at No. of Words From To Station-master, Station-master, The Train Staff is here, and cannot be forwarded to in consequence of The Staff is in my possession, and Line is blocked until arrival of the for which Train Line is clear from to The last train that left here was the at with Station-master. Station. Date Time Time sent Signature of \ Operator \ NOTE—This part to he filled by Operator. WORKING SINGLE LINES BY STAFF AND TICKET. 289 529. The Station-master or other officer Officer issuing Line Clear Reports must remain on Line Report duty until the Trains have arrived at his on duty Station, and he must personally cancel such cancelled. reports before leaving. 530. In the event of a Train carry in0* Disabled ft/ o Train Xzo a Line Clear Report "becoming disabled between two Stations, it must be protected in the rear in the usual way, and assist¬ ance obtained from the nearest Station. If the accident be of such a nature as to obstruct the Line for a considerable time, llule 516 must be observed. 531. This mode of working a Train is Only to bo • i "i t j » i p i •» lesoitcd to] intended to provide lor extreme cases only, in extreme' and should never be resorted to unlesstaseb' when absolutely unavoidable. 532. In order as far as possible to ob- To watch • i j i *i.j? £11* 11 running'of viate the necessity tor tailing back upon trains, &c. these Rules for working trains by Line Clear reports, Station-masters should keep themselves well informed, by telegraph, of how trains are running, so that if the order of working laid down in the Working Time-table has to be departed from, they may be able to make timely arrangements Y 290 WORKING SINGLE LINES BY PILOT-GUARD. with each other for the transference of the Staffs as may he necessary, and by this means preserve the integrity of the Staff and Ticket System. Line Clear 533. Line Clear messages must never Messages not to be he sent by telephone but always by Morse sent by « Telephone. instrument, and recorded on tape. Rules for working single Lines by Train Tablet System. s!nuieins 534. These are contained in the ap- TraSby Pen(lix to the working Time-table. Tablet. Rules for working Single Lines by Electrical Train Staff System. sin^iunes 535. These are contained in the ap- Traf^staff^1 pendix to the working Time-table. Regulations for Working Single Lines of Railway by Pilot Guard. Dresg. 536. The Pilot Guard will be distin¬ guished by a special dress or badge ; and no train or engine must, under any cir¬ cumstances, be allowed to run on the Line WORKING SINGLE LINES BY PILOT-GUARD. 291 unless it is either accompanied or per¬ sonally started by the Pilot Guard wearing pnot Guard, such dress or badge. trains. 537. The Pilot Guard will, when praC- Pilot Guard ■ . , -| j • i j i when prac¬ ticable, accompany every tram; but, when ticabic, to npcnmniTi v • . • i l i j l 9 oAA^uuipan^ it is necessary to start two or more trains every train, from one end of the Section under his Exception, control before a train has to he started from the other end, the Pilot Guard must furnish the Guard in charge of each train not accompanied by himself with one of the printed Pilot Guard's Tickets, where such are provided, properly filled up and signed, and personally start such train; and he must himself accompany the last train. The Ticket granted in this case will apply only to the single journey to the other end of the Section, where it must he immediately given up to the person in charge of the Station, to he dealt with as the latter may he instructed by the Super¬ intendent of the Line. The Engine-driver must not start his train without seeing the Pilot Guard, and, in case the Pilot Guard does not accom¬ pany the train, until he has received from the Guard of his train the Pilot Guard's 292 WORKING SINGLE LINES BY PILOT-GUARD. Engine- Ticket authorizing him to proceed. An driver work- ^ ing without Engine-driver working an engine un- Guard. accompanied by a Guard, must observe the same Regulations as herein laid down for a Guard with a Train. Starting of trains. 538. Before starting any train, the Pilot Guard must ascertain from the Guard of the train that all is right, and that he is ready to go on. Disable I 539. In the event of a train accom¬ panied by the Pilot Guard becoming dis¬ abled, the Pilot Guard must make the best arrangements the circumstances of the case allow for procuring assistance with the least delay. In the event of a train unaccompanied by a Pilot Guard becoming disabled, the Guard in charge must take the necessary steps for the protection of his train, and communicate with the Pilot Guard as soon as possible. Point3 to be 540. All Points on a Single Line that padlockcdJi . ■° . . or securely become Pacing Points to trains running in either direction, if not interlocked, must either he padlocked or securely held by hand for the safe passage of trains. WORKING SINGLE LINES BY PILOT-GUARD. 293 541. When a portion of a train is left Portion of j -1 pi • -j -r • rt • i j train loft on upon the (Single Gine irom accident or single Line, inability of the engine to take the whole forward, the Engine-driver must not, if he be in possession of a Pilot Guard's Ticket, return for it, except by written instruc¬ tions from the Guard of the train, as pre¬ scribed in Rule 288; and the Guard must continue to protect his train in the rear, and prevent a following train pushing it ahead. If the Pilot Guard be with the train, and accompany the engine with the first portion, the Engine-driver may return to the rear portion of his train without obtaining instructions from the Guard of the train authorizing him to do so. 542. No train or engine must be allowed Signalman j j o • 1 T • st°P train to enter upon any Single Erne Section unless without being stopped by the Signalman, authority of who must not allow it to pass until he has Pllot Guard* made himself perfectly satisfied that the Pilot Guard is accompanying it, or has given authority for it to start. 294 WORKING SINGLE LINES BY PILOT-GUARD. Form of FORM OF PILOT GUARD'S TICKET. Piloc Guard's Where such Ticket is in use. Ticket. Ticket No. j New South "Wales Government Railways. ) Line or Branch. Train No. To the Guard and Engine-driver. You are authorized to proceed from to , Pilot Guard following. Signature of Pilot Guard Date [oyer. (Back of Ticket.) This Ticket is to be given up by the Engine-driver, immediately on arrival, to the person in charge of the Station to which he is authorized to proceed, to be dealt with as the latter may be instructed by the Superintendent of the Line. BY-LAWS. 295 BY-LAWS. 1. Each passenger, on paying his fare, will be fur¬ nished with a ticket, which he is to show, whenever required, by any Station-master, or authorised em¬ ployee, or by the Guard in charge of the train ; and he must allow it to be marked where required ; and every ticket (whether single, return, or periodical) must be delivered up on the demand of any porter or other employee authorised to collect tickets. Single tickets not used on the day, or for the journey for which they were issued, and return tickets not used within the prescribed time, shall be deemed can¬ celled. Any person guilty of a breach of this By-law shall be liable to a penalty not exceeding Five Pounds. 2. Any person not duly authorised by the Commis¬ sioners who shall sell or offer for sale any free pass, ticket, or portion of a return ticket, or who shall use or attempt to use a transferred ticket, or a ticket the time for using which has expired, shall be liable to a penalty not exceeding Five Pounds. 3. No passenger shall be entitled to take a ticket at any intermediate Station for the purpose of con¬ tinuing his journey in the same train as that in which lie shall have arrived at such Station, except from some stopping-place where booking clerks are not provided. Any person guilty of a breach of this By¬ law shall be liable to a penalty not exceeding Two Pounds. 296 BY-LAWS. 4. The Commissioners will not be responsible for any luggage, unless it is specially booked and paid for, and the name of the owner and its destination be distinctly marked thereon. 5. Tickets, whether single or return, shall be used by passengers only to convey them between the stations named thereon, or to a station of shorter distance. In no case, however, shall any workman's weekly or "cheap excursion1'' ticket be used for any other Station than that named thereon, nor for any other Train than that for which such ticket is issued. Any person using or attempting to use a ticket in violation of this By-law shall be liable to a penalty not exceeding Two Pounds. 6. No ticket will be recognised by any Railway servant, unless the number, date, and names of the stations, printed on such ticket, shall be perfectly legible. The holder of any ticket defaced, mutilated, altered, or illegible in any of the above particulars will be regarded as not having paid his fare, and in addition to the value of the fare will be liable to a penalty not exceeding Two Pounds. 7. Where passengers are booked at an intermediate Station for any train, it is in all cases on condition that there is room in such train; and when there is not sufficient room for all such passengers, those booked for the longest distances shall have the preference, and those booked for the same distance shall have priority according to the order in which they are booked. 8. No person will be allowed to break his journey, by stopping at any intermediate Station, and there¬ after proceeding by a subsequent train with the same BY-LAWS. 297 ticket, unless by permission of the Station-master, or authorised by the regulations of the Commissioners, ^ under a penalty not exceeding Two Pounds. ^ 9. No male passenger is allowed to enter any ^ waiting-room or carriage set apart for the accommo- O (j dation of females ; and any person remaining in any LtJ Q such room or carriage, after being warned to leave the same, shall be liable to a penalty not exceeding