I
V
NORTHWESTERN
UNIVERSITY
LIBRARY
EVANSTON
ILLINOIS
X'
I
HIS^TORY
Oliver
B E r N G A N
Impartial Account
Of all the Battles, Sieges, and
ether Military ■ Atchievements ,
wherein he was Ingaged, in
England^ ScotUnd and IreUfjd-
AND LIKEWISE, ,
Of Kis Civil Ad mini drat ions
while he had the Supream Govern-
ment of thele Three Kingdoms,,
■ till his Death! "1^
■Jlelating only Matters Factj'
without RefleTion or ObfeiH%tion.
By ///^ ,
• itiftnrta antJ ©naya-
L 0 O 0 hi, Printed jor Natb, Cnull], at the
Bill ill the Pmltny, near Chupjide. 1602-:
T O T H E
RE A D E R.
fr^ere havf hen few Ptrfons uponwhcfe
A aBions fo many dtffevent Sentiments hdve>
faffed-, as upon thofe of Oliver Crorawel j
feme advancing his Courage and Reputation ta i \
the height, others on the contrary, deprcjfing
them as low, and not- allowing that he had any
thing p-raife-wortby in his ConduSl, in thofe
great Imployments and Offices, even the Go-
Vernment of the Three Nations which he paffed
through ■' Tea, they invade the Almighties
Province of judging the Hearts and Thoughts
of Men, attributing aR to Hypocrifie and Am--
\httion, affierting that he had Hopes and Ex-
filiations of raifing himfelf to that Grandeur
tohereto he after arrived, many years before he
attained it •, nay, fo early as when he was but
.a Collonel, and can hardly be thought to have
bad the leaft profpeB thereof. Mut to leave
(Very Man to his Opinion in this matter, 1
A 2
T0 the Reader.
j thought it might not be unacceptable to my \
Country-men.) to give aplain and Impartial .Ac . , ;
'Cmnt of Matters of Funperformed and a6i.ed\
by him) both in his Military) and afterveardsf ^
in his Civil Capacity) without Refleliions onf
PartieS) which ought to be thee are of afaith-^
fill Hifiorian) ifheexpelts to be believed bf
Pofierity. It is a Maxim) Thatgreatyir'.
tues have been often mixed with great Ibices
in many great men in the World) neither is
Cromwel excufed from this CenfurC) who had
fcveral worthy and blameable .Qualities in
him') butfincehe is out of the reach either of
good or bad Report) I fliall leave, him, andi g
refer you to read his AtchievementS) wbicharti \
briefy relatedinthe following Manual. I.
R. B.;
\ am
j W
T H El
j to
em
'1$ the
"^r-i
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HISTORY
o f
Oliver Cromwel.
I tfcfrCfowwf/was defccntfedofan Ancient
i ■ m Family in Muntingtm-^iirs, e\ho had a
i % M very plentiful Eftate ; his Grand-father
f wasSir ffnyyCremvil, a Perfon of.good
I Reputation, and had iffue five Sons, Sir Oliver h»
j; Eldeft, ffeary, Roiurt, Buhird and Philip, This our
I Oliver Crom'd was Son of the third Rroriier Richard,
I who was likevvife in much efteem in his-CoumrVj,
■and Married Etixahnh Steward, Niece of Sir Robert
I Steward, ^ Gentleman of a eonfidcrable Eftate irt
I that Country, by wljom he had this Oliver, who was
1 born in the Town of idHctirgtrtn, April 2$. 1599.
and had his Name given hira by his Uncle Sir Oliver..
When he was a Child, he feemcd to delight in Man-
like Exercifes, and by the care cf his Father was
fent CO the Free School of that Town, and afterward
to 5rdsfy,-Coliedge in Cambridge, where while he was
The Hifiory qjf
a Student, there were fcveral Omens of his future.
Grandeur, and he was obferved more to-be endioed
to the Military than Contemplative Life; During his,
continur.; -^e here his Father died, upon which he "
returned home, and fpenc lii' time in the Youthful!
Follies and Extravagancies incident to perfons of hisr
age and temper, whereupon his Mother, by the ad-
vice of her Friends, fent him up to Vondrnt, and
placed him in Linsolns-Inn, thereby to qualifie him'
for a Gentleman, and to put him into a Capacity to,,
be ferviceable to his Country. : , i
Having continued here for feme time, and not be-j
ing able to confine himfelf to this Sedentary Imploy-
nient, he again returns into the Country, and therel
proceeds in the fame lewd courfes as before, but asi
he grew in years he became more folid and confide-
rate, infomuch that in a while he was as reiaarlublai;
for his Sobriety, as before for his RadenefsandVa-t
nity, which fo much pleafed and obliged his tfndef
Sir Rokert Sttward, that he left him his Heirtoave-f
ry fine Eftate of four or five hundred pounds a vcar.^
But before this came into his hands by the Death ofi:
his Uncle, the reputation of it, and the remarkable"
alteration in his difpofition, recommended him to^;
Eli^ikth, the Daughter of Sir Jmts Baitiber, whom
he Married, and though atfirft, when this notable|
reformation was perceived-in him, he adhered tof
theChurch of England, frequenting the moft famous
Preachers with much feeming warmth and zeal, yet
afterwards, when thofe called Puritans grew popular,
he began to haver a good opinion of them, inviting
the Minifiers to his Houfe, ami entertaining them
with much kincincfs; and to demonffracc the reality
of this change of his mind, there is an infiance cl
his freely returning a confitierabic fum of Money to
a perfon from whom he had vvon -it foroe years beforf
by Gaming. -
Such aftions, and the feeming finccrity of his Con-
verfatioD;
jture,
lined
tg.his,
h he'"
thfuli;:
f his?
: ad-'f
and
hiin;
rjco^
: be-|
)loy»t
here!
ut as|
fide-F
sabl5f
iVK
tndef
aVe-p
ycar.L
%:4
cable'
11 Eol;
honi.
:abk;
d toj
Honsj
yet!
ularj
iring
hera
a] icy
;e ol
:y EC
:for(
;on'
ion.
Oliver Cromwel.
vcrfation, raifed his efiecni yet liiglier with all per-
fons of that Party, -who had fuch an opinion of his
Wifdora.and Abilities, that when King Charles L |
calleddiat Parliament in ti^ao. which for icsdura-
tion was afterward Named the Long, he wds by the
fticereff of h.is Friends elefted Parliament-man for
the Town of Cambridgi. Soon after this the War
began between the King and Parliament, one Party
declaring they took Arms for defending the Prero-
gatives of the Crown, and the other the Prmledges
of Parliaments, and Liberties of the People.
As loon as ever this fatal divifion happenedp,
wherein fo many Thoufands afterward loft their
Lives and Eftates, Cromtfcl, whofe inclination was
always Martial, prefently ingaged in the quarrel,,
and having obtained a Commiffion frccn the Parlia-
ment, qaickly raifed a Troop of Horfc for their
ftrvice, of the moft promifing men he pould choofe;
and to-try their Valour in jeft, before they came to
exercife it in'earneft, hefccrerly ordered a dozen of
tkem to liTue our fuddealy upon the reft, with a'
Trilmpet founding a Charge, as if they came from,
fotne of the Kings Qarrifons chat were not far off,
■wh'ch they performed with ,fo much brisknefs, that
about twenty of the new Troopers fled away with
all pcfttblefpeed, whom Owtrt/ haviiig reproached
for their Cowardice, difmounced and cafhier'd,
mouncmg their Horfcs with perfons of a more ^coara-
gious temper. , ' '
He was likewife nominated a ComraifTtoner in the
Ordinance for fettling the Militia, whereby the
Eijlen Countries ai'fociated themfelves together,
declaring that they would ftand by the Parliamenc
againft all Oppofers, and Crowtyf/ being fenfible that
fne Llniverfiry of Camhidgs was maft inclined to the
Koyal Intereft, he had a particular regard to the
place of his Etiucacion, and very deKteroufly feci -
led both ch-e T gwh, and a great quantity of the Col-
A. A. ' lede
!^4" Hiflory of
''' ledge Plate, even at the very inrtanc when it wap
{ upon the point of being conveyed to the King a:
1 After this he forms a Garrifon at Whitlifu^
where a Bridge, joins the County of with tht!;
Ilk of Ely, and is the only palfage from thence into[;
Lincolnfhire, the gteateft part whereof was poliefl b)'|?
' the Kings party; and by this means he cut off all'
j communication between the Loyal Gentlemen of;
{ both Counties, wherein he had the afnftar.ce off:
j Coll. Irim, with whom he here became find ao,
' [ quainted. '
' ^ The King in oppofstion to rh.e AfTociation whichS
• the Parliament had fettled, iffued out his Coramif|
i fion of Array, which was firff defigned lo be pat inf
1 Execution by Sir Umy Connifhy, High Sheriff of-
: H^nford-ihire at St. A'bans, vvh.o thereby intended toi,
j, have raifed the County for the aid of the King, buti
' while he was there going about to proclaim the P;rr-j
! liament, and their General, the Earl of Effix, Tray-;
j tors, by the vigilance of Cromvil he was prevented!
I ' in his purpofe, who coming fuddenly into the Town
1 . with a party of Horfe, furprizcd Sir ffmry, and
■ ; feme other Gentlemen of his Afliflants, whom he
' fent to L#»c/6a Prifoners, to the gteac fatisfaflion ofi
i the Parliament, who were Icraewhat diflurbed that I
I fiich anattempt fhould be made fo near ihc City, and [
' thereupon they retunicd Idm tlie thanks of thci
Houfe, and from this time lookc upon him as
perfon of Merit and Conduft : After which he foonp
j i aiigmenteif his Troop to a Thopfand, many being;,
li willing to adventure their lives with luch a fortunate
jil Commander, and about this time hearing that ichnc i
, j Knights and Gentlemen were met together at Loivns- 1
' To't in Su^olt^, the chief of whom were Sir John I
Fitus, Sir fMvaui Jcc. dcfigning to havq^
i' made a Counter Affodation in chat County and Msr-'
: jidhJoT rhc- Kings fcrvice, with indefatigable diligence
I he marches thither, feizing and lecuring them all,
1 which
Oliver Cromwel.
wliich was a fatal blow to the Kings Interefl, aii
Lyn Riiii, whicli the Royalifts maintained, bein^
foon after furrendred, was fo great a difcouragemen
to them, that during the whole War they could ne
ver after find any opportunity to fhew their aifedioc
to the Kings Caufe.
The Aflbciaced Counties, being thus firmly fettled
for the Parliament, Cwnvr/was made Lieutenant-
General to the Earl of Manchi(ier, who had a fepa
rate comtmnd of thofe Alfociated Counties, and
UMS J50W ordered, to march Northward with thofe
Forces, and join with General Lijly and the Scots,
affified by Sir Tho, Fairfax, for reinforcing the Siege
before Tor^, then belcaguer'd by Lifly : In his march
he blocks,iipthe Garrilbn , of Newar^, and meeting
fomeof their party at Grantham, lie charged them
with fuch fury, that though much fuperiour- to him
in number, yet himfelf marching in the Van, .he
foon put them to flight. Having thus made a quick'
difpa:ch at Ntrvar!^, he proceeded to Torh, in which
the Marquefs, of NewcaMls had p'at the befl- part of
the Kings Forces.
The King having liad an a3|ant"J|!r-9gainff the.
Earl of EjfexitLslikhsll'm CirnwM, fentaway Prince
Rupert as General, with a very pswcrfu! Army to
raife the Siege oi'Torf^, which he .jedged to- be of-
great Importance •, tlie three Generals, Ltfij, Man-
ckfler, and Fairfax, drcvv off their Forces from thb''
.City to fight him, as knosving if they got the day,
h muA furrender to the Victor without blows. The
Prince having notice of thair raifing the Siege, fence
fome of- his Troops towardf Haff.vn-Msn, to face.
General Ijfy and his Scots, bat in the mean time en-
ters,into Jbr^ with two ihoufant! Horfe, and all pfo- '-
vifions for their relief ; after which, he relolved ro »
fight the Parirairientarians, though much dHTwaded-s
by the rtlarqucfs of, knowing.what ha2ard,<,
tbe Efik cs of sbc Kings Friends wouldT«a-if h'sr;
The Hilary of
louldtnifcarry, and chat upon the fate of this Battel
the gain or lofs of the Narth depended. However,
(the Prince pretending to march to Ttdcafiir, Lifly
.'with his Army followed him, but returning again
Ifuddenly to M^r{lon-Moor, he takes what advantages
iof ground he thinks fit, and lefly foon coming up,
the Generals Marfhaird their Army |in the befl order
they could for the fhortnefs of time, Fuirfax and
Liflies Horfe making the Right Wing, and the Scot h
Troops and Afmchejlers the Ltk, under the command 1
of Cromvcil, which charge was r!-,ac day committed |
to him, the Foot making up the main Body. The t
Armies being drawn up in this forrn, the firfl Onfet |
was performed by Prince Ruperts Left Wing, with j
fitch fury as they broke tlie Parliaments Right, and j
perfuing their advantage with much Vigour, 'the ^
Earth was foon covered with the flain. ' I
In the mean while Cromml being in the Left Wing, |
and ignorant of the misfortune of the Right, with I
much Courage ingages the Princes Right Wing,!
which quickly altered the Scene of Affairs, and
fhacch'd the Viftory ouccff the Princes Hand, who
feemed in probability to have obtained it, tor the
Lord Fairfaxes Forces were totally dilTipated, and
beaten opt of the Field, when Cromwel with his
Troops fcll on with fuch Refolation, that be routed
the Prince and his referves, and with the fatne Vio-
ler.cecharged the Marquefs of Nivacsslles¥bot, who
yet flood till the Fitld was a'moft cleared, and rhcn
were forced to give way to the number of their Ene-
rnies j tliere were many flain, efpecially in the per-
fuit,'aik:l Crowr/he obtained the Name of Ironftdts,
from the Impenetrable firmnefs of his Troops, which
no force could feparate or break. It is choughc to he
the bloudieft Fight chat happened during the War,
it bei.ng. judged near ten choufahd men were fl-sin on
both fides. Upon this defeat. Prince Rupert and ids
Followers char-ge the inilcarriage upon the Iharqufs
of
Oliver CromweL
ttel f of NtwaPJe, and lie again upon them, who there
rer,' upon left the Kingdom. The confequence of' thi
iefly i: ViSory was the rendition of York, which bein^
^aiii f DOW afrefh befieged, and defpairing of fuccour
iges I Sir Thomas Glemham, the Valiant Gcvernour wa"
up, f obliged to deliver it upi
•der. This fuccefs raifed Cri7»wf/.t reputation higher
atid f ftidj 2nd the Pyliament at WtfimnPer were ex-
-.at.h ' treamiy pleafed with his Courage and Prudence, that
and vviten iie law part of the Ar.my routed, yet with sn
xed ( undaunted pre.'*'ce of rnind, he took occafion from
rhe thence to animate his Souldiersto the more vigorous
nfet: recovery of the Viffory, even when the ..Scots had
(ich ' timoroufly, left the Field, and of whom for this and
and > other reafons, he had no great opinion afterward,
the ■ • Several other Exploits he was iagaged in both in the
' ;• North and Wctl, even before he had any confide-
ing, rable command, for wliile he was in the fameqnali-
'ich' ty under the Earl of Mauht^er, he was-orciered
ing, f( to return to the North, to oppofc the King then
and I tnarching triamphantly from the Weft after-the. de-
vlioi feat of Effex,'who having been cnforcimace in his
the' Encerprizes, Cnrnwd this fuccefsful Comraandee
ind ' was joined with him, who at the fecond Uatcel as
his i Newberry, about fo'ur months after that at Afer/?o»-
ted ■ Mmr, was favoured, though not with a com^pleac
'io. : Viftory, yet withfach good fortune, that where his
(hot Troops were, the Royalifls gave back with lb much
ten' precipitation, as greatly endangered the Kings per-
ne-i fon, had not the Ear! of CkviianA interpofed, and
jcr- j with much hazard prevented the perfuit.
dis,\ The War llill conrinui.eg with much bIdodfheJ,-
icji 1 DO period in probability like to be put to it, the
hej Parliament apprehended want of Conduft in feme o£
'ar, I chief Commanders, and therefore refoived. to-
on Dew mode! their Army, an'd chat no offence might be/
ills given to any of their o'vvn Members by being difcard*
ififi ed,. they pafs the fdf-denying .Qtclin&nce. fo ealled,
of ' 'wlKtety
The Htflory of
vliereby they declare, ' That no member of Par'it- _
metic iliould bear Office in the Army, orGarrifons,
but akogctherattemi the lerviceofclicHcufe, un-
kfs they had leave for fo doing % aud that within
d'forty days from the publifhing thereof. By whicli
proceeding, the Earls of Efftx-, Wnchflier snd Denr
itish, Sir iViHiaoi H'a/Ier, Sir Pbilip StapliUn, and di-
'vers others, were difmirs'd ; after which they took a.
Icare to recruit their Forces, which were much di-?!
jl minilbcd by ficknefs, and the face defeat in die WeJ, i
11 and in a (hort time they muflered a compleat Army (l
jot twenty one ihounind ; that is, fourteen thoufand
Foot, fix thoufind Horfe, and one thoufand Dra-
goons, over whom they conflituted Sir Tot, Fa/i/a.n
General, who gave cut divers CommtUions to them
who were then newly called Independan's, and
among others, Inton was raifed to be Commiffary-
General of the Horfe ; who had newly married one
©f Craviivt/i Daughters, and was as great a Politician
ashinifclf.
Upon, pubiiihing the fore-mentioned. Ordinance,
which was in die year 1(545, Cromtvsl who was then
in the ff^t/^-ccuntry, in obedience thereto, imnied!-
acely returns tovjard London, and having notice that
General Pnhjax was at, Windftr, he went to wait upon
him by the. way^ and take his leave of him; but the
Parliament w-efe too .feniible of his ufefulnefs arid
conduft CO difcharge and therefore the next
morning, asfoon as hewasrilen, aComrahrion was
lent him to.be Lieutenant-G.eneral of the Horfe to the
whole Army. This alteration gave great hopes to
the Royal party, of future fucce.fs againft this new
Army, fo many principal Commanders being laid
alide and difcontented, and fucii a number oi Knex-
pcrienced Youths Lifted; but thefe expeflations
tocn vaniihed, for CroiritvHhy virtue of the difpenfing
power of the Parlfaraenc, being dill contitiucU and
advanced to fo great a commandj to make it appear
. that
Oliver Cromwel.
(!iat they were not mifiaken in their choice, he itijl
ftantly proceeds to aftion, being fent by Fairfaf
with a flying party of Horfe and Dragoons to inter|i-!
eepta coflvoy of two thoufand Horfe, confifiing
the (^teens, the Earl of Northafnptons, and Collone
Palmers Kegiments, who with fome other Troops)
were marching to Oxford, with a defign to bring of ■
the King, and the Train of Artillery, and to procur |i|
Recruits for the Army, and fo join with the King fi,'
main mitHand Forces under Prince Rupert,then abou j
VVorcefter, and the borders of Wales, and tlien takt v i
the field. In tlvs exploit Cromwel was fo extrean
diligent, that with extraordinary celerity he met with
furprized and routed them at Iflip-bridge, takinj r
five hundred Hoife, and two hundred prifoners
with the Queens Standard, and many perfons of Qua^
lity, and piifliir.gon his fliccefs, having notice cha;
Sir William Vaughan, with three hundred and fiftim
Foot, were marching toward Radcct-bridge,
followed them, taking their commander, Lieutenam .j
Coll. Littleton, and iwcf hutidrcd other prifoners
perfuing the reft to Blechingdon houfe, where Col-
ionel Windebank wasGoverncur, and in theheighi
of his Vifioriesfummoned him to an immediate fur-l
render, orelfe toespeftthe utmofl vengeance of anj
inraged i'pulrliery. The Governour terrified withl
thefe threats, and being over perfwaded by fomel
Ladies, who were there come to vifit his Bride, hcj
beingnewly married, and having little hopes of relief!
from Oxford, delivered up the Houfe with all the
Arms and Ammunition therein j for which, when
he came to Oxford, he was Ihoc to death by fentence
of a Council of War.
This Enterprize was reckoned as a happy Omen of
his futurefuccefs in his new honour, and the prudence
of the Parliament tnagnified in continuing fo defer-1 ■fJi
ving a commander in the Army j who to fecure his
reg.utatiooj r.eiolred upon a more dangerous actempr.
%
The Hijlory of
reduce Fariugdon-Houfe, of which Sir George
uifle, a perfon of Invincible courage, was Goyernour,
iTad a Garrifon which had been of great advantage to
le King. ^To elfeft this confiderable fervice, he
["bok fix hundred of M. Gen. Browns Foot at Abing-
iba, vvith which he inftautly florm'd the place, but
ias as ftoutly repulfed, and forced to retire with the
bfs of fifty of his Soulders, and in his retreat was
'ttackt by a party of L. Gorings Horfe, lately ccrne.
fom the fiege of Taunton, who gave Cromwel the
irft check he Itad yet met with, taking three-colours,
!:jnd Major Bethel prifbner, and then returned to
jj [he fiege at Taunton.
1 At this time Fairfax had order to march to there-
'ief of Taunton, andCromwel was left behind with
T'Oi^n, to watch the motions of the Kings Army at
Oxford,- who were then ready to take the field, and
V' o prevent them from joining a brave body of Horfe
/[if hat were coming out of Worcerter-fhire, under the
[itommand of the Princes Rupert and Maurice ; But
I/he Pvoyal Army was grown fo potent, t'natCromwel
;! durfl not attempt either-to fignr, or hinder their
i march, fo that Fairfax was prefently remanded and
brderedto lye before Oxford, to oblige the King to
: fccure that place, and upon advantage to fight hifn',
when Intelligence came that the King having joined
' the two Princes, and raifedthe fiege of Chefier, be-
I'Teagueredby Sir William Brereton, was now march-
png toward the Affociated Counties, wherein lay the
iiffretigth of the Parliament, whereupon' Crorawel
||W3S ordered with ah fpeed to fecure the Ille of Ely,
/as being .a Fron>;i#to the reft of the country r Bur
I 'tlie King went and fate down before Leioeffer, and
jfoon took it, which fo alarm'dthe 5>arliament, that,
itiiey inftantly difpatcifd Orders to Fairfax to rife
I from Oxford, and feck out and fight the Kings Army,
[who fas he writ CO his Queen) was then in a more
hopeful condition, than daring the W ar. Fairfax
obeyed
U'i
Oliver Cromwel. i v i'l
It.
obeyed this Order, and Cromwel being recruiter
with fix hundred Horfe of the AffociacioD, came ccj
join the Army then marching toward Northampton.
The General had information that the King has
Quartered his Foot and Carriages upon Burrough
Hill near Daventry, as if he intended there..i;o expef
him, but it was only to tarry till the twelve hundrei
Horfe, fent as a Convoy to the Cattel taken withi
Leicefier and Norchsmpton-fhire, for relief of Ox
ford, were returned, defigning afterward the reduftl
on of Pomlret-caflle in the North, and all the othe
places lofl fince Marfton-Mcor, and if Fairfax follow
cd him, to have fought him with the firft advantage
which he could not do fo conveniently where thi
Parliament had their Garrifons; But Cromwel fooi
difappbinted this pr.ijeft, by whofe counfcl Iretoi
was difpatch'd with a Detachment-of Horfe to take ai
account of the pofiure o( the Kings Army, with Or-
der that if they marched Northward, he fhoaldskir-
miOi and employ them in the Rear, till the who!<
Array could arrive and ingage. The dav before thi
Battel, the General marched to Gilsborough, fiVi
tai'es from Burrough hills, from whence 'the Roy-
alifis, their Horfe being come back from Oxford
were bending their■fcoiirfe Northwaid 5 and theinex
•Night the King was extreamly furprized to fine
Ireton give an alarm to his Qtiarters at- Nafeby, fror
whence, about eleven a clock, the King departcfij
Ipeeding 'to Harborou-gh, where Prince Rupert anu
the Van of the" Army were, and a Council of Waij
beingfummoned, it was refolved on,: as being tht
Kings opinion,'that to fecurc his real-, they fhonld
march no farther North, but presently give the ene-l
nsy battel, depending niush upoii-the Valour of, tiie
Foot, wiio were lately animated by the plunder, of
teicefter.
This advice- was followed, though moft of the!
Officers wete for flaying till the Lord Gorings Fdrcesl
_ .
12
The Hijlory of
t
p rename up^ but the King being mucii ftronger in Horfe j
I (Jfleioubted not of luccels, and the other were
ud io ingage, ib that both agreeing in difcord,' a large
I ,ie Field near Nafcby was the place diofcn by both par-
[ijolsiesfor the Stage of this woful Tragedy, wherein Fa-
l)n,fhers fo,i\ght againfl Sons, and Brocliers gave death
Iraspeach bcbcr, all obligations of kindred and friend-
bfsjfhip being laid afide, occafioned by that unnatural
ftarpitic of divilion, which Heaven for our crimes had
iiforfent amongft us. The Kiiig had hitelligcnce that
I irftFairfaX for fear was retreating CO Northampron, but
ifilndfound it a miflake, he being then imployed In- mar-
||he ifhaliing his Army in Nafcby field, and waiting for
Ahis coming, Gr.omwel and Whaliey commaHding the
jief.'right wing, and Irecon the left. The Kings front
'^rawas compjafed of a galianc body of Horfe, the foot
l iOx^made a fecond .body,, the right witig commanded by
'' o pPrince Fiupert and Maurice, the left wing by Sir Jacob
!|:| hafAftiey, and the Lord Langley commanded the Nor-
boiithern Brigade of. Horfe, other, ancient commanders
heitvho itaving Deen in the Lew-couiUTics having their
I 'duffevera! polls, the Kittg himfelf being Gsncraliffimo.
'.l ijiaiThefe being drawn out with the referves, took up
prdthe whole bredch of the field: Tiie Parliaments foot
.' fecimadeafirra body in themidft,, ppmmanded. by Ma-
■ .wh jor General Skippon, fecured by the Horfe on. each
I'the fide. Prince Rupert charged firft with fuch fury up-
i jeajon Ireton, notwichfending, their valiant refifjance,
fegthat the left wing which he commaaded was atteidy
Iftrirouted, ancl hismen iput to flight, and.driven upon
jjvv^the Kings foot, of whichdreton was wounded in "the
i'ias iThig.h with a Halbert, and kept prifoner-during the
''ithifighc, and the field cleared pa .that fide, the Prince
foe perfuing. them through the Town, and then fell upon
f'J tls tire Waggons,, where being.repulfed, he-loft fo much
■ifj-(time, that Cromwel and fairfax who had not jot
vvlftiff'tl from their ground,; but wkh-ftiort fpeechss
jir and.ejaculations, were encouraging; their mcflj. came
Oliver Cromwel- i
up, and Cromwel clapping fpnrsto his Horfe charg
clear through three bodies of Langdales Brigade, a
utterly routed them, never ceafing till he had be
that whole wing of the Kings Army from the
ground, without any poffibilky of rallying j fo th
havitig as it were raked the field belore him, divid
the Horfe from the Foot, they were rendred ufele
to each other. In this encounter, one of the Kin
commaGdcrs knowing Cromwel, advanced briskl
before thel;Lead of his Troops, to exchange a fingl
bullet with him, and was with the like gallantry e
countred by him, both fides forbearing to come i
till their Piffols being difcharged, the Kings Office
with a flaunting back blow of a broad fword, hap
pened to cut the ribbon that eyed Crotn wels Murrio^
and with a draw threw it otf his Head, and now re_
dy to repeat his flroke, Cromwels party came i
and refcued him, and one of them alighting threw u}i
his Head piece into liis faddle, which he haflily catch
ing, andalitde ciifturbed at the chance, clapt it th
wrong way on his head, and fo fought the reft o
the day, wiiicli proved highly fortunate to his fidej
though the King managed the fight with much mag.
nanimicy and expertnefs, and expofcd himfelf t
feveral threatning clangers in the Field.
The Horfe being,feparated from the Foot, as yon
heard, fled coward Leiceftcr, Cromwel fent feme
few Troops in pcrfuic, to prevent their rallying, and
himfelf in the mean time joyningwith his own foot,
foincompaffed the Kings Infantry, chat notwicliftand-
ing the courage they iiad fhewed that day, fo that
their very enemies admired thetn, yet being tired and
hopelefs of relitf, feeing death on every fide, they
laid down their Arms, and beg'd for Quarter.
.This memorable Battel was fought June 14.1^45.
The Parliamentarians word was, God with lis. Th.e
Royalifts, G»d and Queen Mary, and the fucccfs of
itgave an abfolutc and undoubted Viftory to die
^'4 Hijtory of
. [V-^arllament,, there being almoft five thoafand pri-
I t^'^bners carried to London, the Kings Statidai-d, and-a
~ I l^^Jandred other colours were taken, with all the Ord- I
i^ielance, and a very rich Booty, a great quantity of f
l^yd and filver, and all the fecret Letters of the ^
y Ming, which were carried CO London, and publickly \
llfead befo^ a great Afiembly of Citiz.ens, where "
I'iMianyMembersof Parliament wereprefent, and leave |
j Ovas given to as many as pleafed, or knew the Kings
,]! I'Aaad, to refute them if they were counterfeit. But i
i i|b few were flaia in this fight, that a Reader may '
i; ' wonder how fo many prifoners fiiould be ca- ,
' |!l Jj<en, and fo much wealth-gotten with the lofs of fo
' h blood, for on the Kings fide fcarce four hun- t
I ■ij''i'5red were flain, and on the Parliaments not an hun- ^
d%ed, and herein particularly the Kings dammage |
! iijppeared very confiderable, that he had loft a brave |
i j <Hrray, lately heightned with fuccefs by the taking of |
' h-eicefter, and that there feemed no poftibilicy of |
| ,;,i' aifing another, the Viftors profe^stdng their advan- r
I' 'r^age vyith fo much vigilance and impecuofity, for |
■lljnarching to Leicefterit was fson delivered to them, ■
ffehere Fairfax leaving a Garrifoit, refolved to hinder i
■ "the King from recruiting hLmfeif, and followed him j
clofe, marching Weft ward, both in perfuit of ii
I ^^im, and to raifeche fiegc of Taunton, which had t
i I ®%een a great while blogkcup by the Lord Goring,
1 . I'and held out CO admiration, but upon the approach
j i ^i|%f the Parliaments Army, the fiege was raifed to
' lyieir great joy, who ftiilperfue Goring, and over-
I Jdkake him near Lampert, where thev ingage and put
to flight, burCroniwel wouid not fuffer part
I "bf the Horfe to perfae, till being all come upcoge-
; .[ylther, he fcimfelf led them on with fuch notable con-
' jiij kluft, that moft of the foac were made prifoners, and
j; 'almoft all the great Guns taken. From hence he
I |l 'marched to Bridgwater, which though of confidera-
ji| |blcftrcngch, and' defended with much courage, yet
Oliver Crotti'vel. i,
is foon taken by florm, for 5ir T!:o. FairfaK fits down
V bcfore it, and after fnmmons, affaults the Town ve.
I ry defperately, gaining the lower part thereof, an
p then fends a fecond fumnions, telling "-hetn, ' Tha
^ ' their denial wrought no other thoughts of conipa
I ' fion in him, but only to Women and Children, wh
F 'might fufifer by the Govcrnoursobfiinacy. Where
I upon divers Ladies, Gentkwomp and Children
came out of the Town, and then a fecond aflault wa
(' made fo effeaually, that the Governour capitulated
' and furrendred itj there being a thoufand Office
and Souldiers prilbners, forty four barrels of powder,
i fifteen hundred Arms, forty four pieces of OrdnaiW
I and four hundred weight of match.
I _ About this time a fort of people armed themfelves
I in the Weft, and took upon them the Name of Club-
I men, declaring that they would permit no Armies
i to Charter within their bounds, and were fo hardy
I as to make terms with the General, as if by Club-
i Law they would force him out of their Country,
I though fluflfc with Viftory, imagining that with their
s Clubs, they were able to force their fwords from
j thofe who had fo lately deprived fo many gallant men
I of theirs. But Cromwei doubting the event of fueh
I riotous proceedings, having Intelligence of the place
'( of their afTembling, marches toward them with a
party of Horfe, though they were four thoufand
ftrong, and T-. ramped on the top of a HiH, withtheir
Enfigns difplayed, and this Motto on them :
' If you offer to plunder, and take our Cartel,
' You may be fure weT! give you Battel.
Bat Cromwei refol ves to venture it, and prefenciv
charging up the ^1111, lie 'Uttes-Iy routs and puts them
to flight, making four hundred prifoners, whom he
carried to Sherburn, Sir Lewis Dives being Governor
of the Caftle, which was then befieged by Fairfax,
snd in a ftiort rime taken by ftorm.
Briftol was reckoned a place of Importance, as
il6
The Hiflory of
A ^ I ®2being the greatefl and moft wealthy City in all s
I iplWdh wherein Prince Rupen was at that time with |
i,®jinear five thoufand Horie and Foot, and all neceffary |
'^'aprctvifioas. When the Parliaments Army came he-1
i'^dfore it, the General fends a fummons to the Prince
I cq deliver the City, which being rejefled, Cromwel
sandfome other chief-Officers adviftd the ftorming
part of it, whereupon the Prince propofed to fur-
.render, 'Upon condition every man fhoiild march?,
away in the height of honour, with their Arms,!
, Colotirs.Jlyiiig, Trumpets, Drums beating, and as),
' r[H«^P(pWds(r and Match as they could carry about
i|,i|<« riiem, with Baggage, Horfe, Arms, ten pieces of 1
iiijlil' Cannon, and fifty Barrels of powder. Laftly, the |:
|l5i 'Lines and Fortifications tobe flighted, and the City ■■
* to be no more a Garrifon. But thefe conditions);
:4{ being thought too favourable, they proceeded to ji
^ ftorra it fo warmly, that the Prince, though he uCbd |
I ;i:|Lj all poffiblc means to preferve it, was obliged to a I
fiirrender, wherein were found one hundred and f
" jd forty pieces of Cannon mounted, one hundred Bar- f
rcls of powder, and Vlftuals in the Royal* Fort for
Hiiv one hundred and fifty men for three hundred and?
!: , |th twenty days, the Caflle Vidtualied for near half fofi
ffci long, the Prince had in Garrifon two thoufand five?
h II i I hundred Foot, one thouiand Horle, besides above |
jijj one thoufand of theTrained Bands and Auxiliaries,?
,; I jji fo that the gaining, diis place was of great confequence |
sjy to the Parliament.
iv''
d
i: d
i;''a
Hri
After this, Cromwel marches without delay with
a Detachment oi four Regiments, to befiege ihe|
flrong Caflle of the Devizes, to^ tire natural Fornfi-|
cations whereof, Sir Charles Lloyd the Governour,|j
had made fevetal Jtigenious additions, fo that judg-
ing it alraofl impregnable, he fens no other return-
to the fummons but, Win it and Wearit. Yet the
fortune of Cromwel prevailed againft all difficulties,
and -his Name brought terrour whcre-eyer he came,
fo
■J
Oliver CromweL 17
fo that he quickly forced the Governour to comply:
and deliver the place upon terms. Winchefier ran!
the fame Fate, after the Governour had been morti-
fied by the battery of fome Cannon and Mortars;
where Cromwcl, who was conftantly punftual to
Articles, having notke that fome of his men had In-
fringed them, he caufedcne of them to be hanged
for example to others, and fent the reft to Oxford,
to the Governour Sir Tho. Glenharp, that he might
inflift what puniftiment upon them he pleafed.
The next Exploit wherein our Hcroe was concern-
cd, was the reducing of Bafing-houfe, which feemed
to dcfie all attempts that fhould be made againft it,
being the Manfion-houfe of the Marquefs of Win-
chefter, built upon a riling ground j and furrounded
with a brick Rampart which vvas lined with Earth,
andallincompaffed with a dry Ditch : The Marquefs
was refolved to defend it, though at firft there was
none but his own Famifyj ;and one hundred Mufque-
teers from Oxford, but afterward the King fuppJied
liim asoccafion required. Thisvvas not the firft time
this Garrifon had been attack? .without fuccefs, at
firft the Collonels, Norton and Harvey, and after-
ward by Sir William Waller, with feven thoufand
men, and though fome termed him William the
Conquerour,. yet lie received here fuch rude treat-
mentj as only incouraged the befiegetl to defend it:
with the greater vigour, who in,feypral gallant fal-
lies did him very great damage, fo that the place
■feemed impregnable for fome time ? but Cromwei
havingfenledall mattersat Wiacheftcr,; withtloe late
Governour Sir William Ogle, lie marches next day
toBafing; and no fooner arrived, but he immediate-
ly raifcs a ftrong battery, that quickly madeit capable
of being aflaulted : Which advantage he inflantly
perceivingi orders a ftonn to be made from the feve.
rat Pofls, which though it feemed full of danger,
and might lure fliockc an orcijnary courage, yet
Cromwei
fili; 8
The Hifiery of
, [J'ijCromvuel, who thought no pUce Invincible, and that ^
i t/i'V.he more danger there was, the more honour would
! iiJ.jtiaecrue from it, leads on his men with fuch fury, that f
^tapthe befieged foon found themfelves incapable to make '
' Joftiny further rcfiftance, and fo were forced to yield k "
. itatttpjn Articles, Thegainingof Bafrng was reckoned f ^
^^aa great piece of fervice to the Nation, whereby the ?
j ^pRoadi was opened for Trade from London to the j
/Air Weft,
. _ whkh had been long obftruQcd by this Gar-1 ?
i' ^iVifon. He goes from hence to Longford-houfe near J 'J!
; ft'Salisbury, buttlaeGovernourdefpairedof prefcrving ^
iii 'that, after Bafaig had been forced to furrender to'
iit'Cromwels viftorioas arms, and therefore upon thei 11^
ij 'il'firft fummons delivered it up. '
,.-41 * He then marches with the Army, commanded by f ,'
/I1l|'Fairfax, toward the Weft,'and in December they'' ,f
-i| Itook Tiverton, and with ftrarige fuccefs ftormedand I,
Itook Dartmouth, and afterwards drove the Kings P ®
/l i Armies into Cornwal,. andatTorringcon gaveHopcon I
; la great overthrow. In February they entred Corn-1, ^
j vval, and obliged Prince Charles to retire from tiience, 5 , j
^}i i andfai! co the Ifles of Scilly, and ibon afrer Hoptons ^ ^ S
'Forces were Disbanded: and fent away- and Peoden- |,
g}!i I nis-Caftle being furrendred to Coll. Fortefcuc, the»
n J I lls» tUi 1 ..IIUI A.U IV VaWil* «. Vi LCll..U\. j IIIV. « •
Jji : vvhble County of Corrtwal, and the Weft, \vere by f j
'h'Fairfix and Ctoinwel reduced to the Obedience of J
the Parliament, and nothing remained in the North | ^
but the Garrifon of Newark, fo that the Royalifts |
Ijopes were very low, only they had fome expefta-
tions from a party flill remaining under Sir Jacob 1
Aftley, but Coll. Morgan ehcountring him near
Stow in the holds, utterly Routea uimj and took
himfelf and fixteen hundred of his, rr .n prisoners, fo
that thk hope foon vanilh'd like the reft; wren lie
wasfeized, he fpake aloud chefe words, ' You have
' done your work, and wholly vanquiflied the Kings
« party, unlefs your own dilferaicns raife tiiem again.
After this, Newark, the ftrongelt Garrifon in the
North,
Fie
PCS
for
poi
tot
Kin
and
Cwl
ah.
iieclF
the
the (
lar-
lear
ing
to *
the I
Oliver Cromwel. i
1 i North, was clofe befieged by Lercn, Pointe ant
,1 ; Roffiter, while Fairfax haftencd to befiege Oxford i
(elf, which was the Head Quarters. The King having|5
tfow no Garrifons left but this, Banbuty, Wal
ield Worcefter, Ragland, and Pe^idennis, al
^ which in a fhort time were alfo taken, and couJd
Only glory in this, That they had held out after Ox-
ford. The befieged Newarkers, though the plague
raged in the Town, and they began to want provi-
fions, yet fuflained themfelves upon hopes of fomc
differences between the Englilh and 5cots, for now
the 5cots began to complain of want of pay, of the
negleft of Church-Government, and the Covenant.
The Parliament anfwered, ' That in two years fpace
, i 'they had received above two hundred thoufand
^ 1, ' pounds for pay, befides a vaft fum of money which.
: * had been exec reed from the tveeping Inhabitants
|*of theNorthern Ccunrics, and tlfet their Army had
"8 «' not anfwered expeftation, lying idle the bed time
' of the year, and if they were fo precife in obferva-
'tion of the CovcnaDt, why contrary thereto, had
•they put Garrifons into Newcaflle, Tinmouth and
i ' Carlifle ? Neither ought they to mention Religion,,
the 1' unfettled, fince the Parliament were confult-
I' ing about it, being a matter v.hich requires time
• oi I' mature deliberation.
rth I fbcfe diflcntions the King cxpefted feme ad-
ifls ^utyet Oxford was already block'd up by
, I Fleetwood and Ireton, and Fairfax was daily ex-
' b 1 P^fted to come and turn it into a clofe fiege, there-
ear I i'tforc this fhould happen, the King refolved to
the City, and confaldng with fome of his
fo I Councellors, it was concluded he fliould go
i.g Scots Camp, then lying before Newark; the
' S ^'^nt Moiitruel the French AmbafOidor before,
' J himfelf foon after, as Coll, AOiburnhams man
'.b (who had a pafs from Fairfax to go cut of Oxford,
the private bufiaefs.) with a Cloak-bag behind
•th,
ton [
rn- ^
!ce,t
ons •
0 ' Thi Hifiory of
^ f'sidfrn, efcaped unknown, and carni; to >Jewark, wliich fon
i; I (('^JltWhen che befieged Newarkers bad notice of^ being Wen
~ : (.Ostein great flreights, they upon conditions furrendred hold
I 'iajclheTown."- The Scots feemcd amazed at the Kings Nob
['■It^lmexpeaet^-'coming to them, and fo fignified cite fiow
^( ■itatoactcr co che Englifh Cominiflioners then on the rfiey
j feaplace. Letters were inftantly written to London and bTh
'j ^^PEdinburgh, and che Parliament at Weftminfier re- Iratl
/ wi'Vjuired the Scots co detain che King at Southwell near '(Woi
> |h)'rNewark, but contrary to this Order, they carried ^tfhei
' ija'Shim to Kelham, where a greater part of their Army ' T1
i |ii)fday, and foon after without further Order, removed Biarc
tjl'^i'Ccheir Camp Northward, and carried him away to Juiei
'ii/ij'^Nevvcaf^Ie with chcm, eKcufin^if their departure by ias I
1l;"aliedging, Newark being yielded, no work was left liefi
l| Ifor them, butthacas the Kingcame to them of his ihcN
!! -ij^iown accord, unexpefted, fo he followed their Array, talc
(neither beingintreated nor forbidden by them; but ^aur
^ feemed to hafien their departure, by reafon of laid,
^ ^ rumour that Cromwel with all his Horfe ivas pout
; y,h marching toward them. This aftion much offended fwai
3)1 ^ t'ne Englifh Parliament, and they complain'd both Both
iof theSGOtsandche King. jtcf
iiS I In che beginning of Way, General Fairfax with |' C
' his whole Array dame before Oxford; the City was S'tbi
hi 1 very flrong, having been fortified according to the fofl
I 'h: I mofi exaft rales of Arc to make it Imprepable, in- |ave
T I vironed' with regular Forts, and provided witi;i a (her,
; iiJbij potent Garrifon of five thoufand valiant Souidlfers, |P\inj
'( ■'Itli I having great (lores of all manner of provifions, and "
'li 'h'! the Governour Sir Tho. Glemham, aperfon whohad
ti:'i X, yr- - » 1. I J
fufficiently demonflrated his courage and conduft,
■ in holding out York and Carlifie to the lafl excre-
mity. The General difpofing his Qiiarcers round
abbiit the City, fummoned the Governour to furren-
der, who returned, ' That he would (end to know
'theKings mind, and then aft accordingly. This
anfwer was not fjitisfaflory, yet Fairfax and his
■-... __ Commanders
.•ill 1
ere
lefs
Sooi
I of
adei
f
Oliver Cromwel. 21
tomtnanders doubting it would be a tedious 5iegc,
rere put in hopes by ibme fpies, that it could not
lold out long, by reafon of the divifions between the
Mobility and Souldiers, the firft being for treating
'low, and fo obtain honourable conditions, xrhich
Jiey did accordingly, and rhe Parliament decreed,
nd sThat the befieged fhould have the bcft conditions,
•e- Irather than wafte their Army, wliich might be
;ar ^ore ufeful clfewhere, for they defigned to fend
ed 'jthem into Ireland, againft the Rebels there,
iiy - Thus was Oxford furrendred, and the Garrifon
cd iarched out in fight of Fairfax's Army, with great
to iuiet and modefly on both fides; Tlie D. of York
by sas honourably condufted to London, where two of
eft lie Kings Children remained; thither alfo went all
lij ihcNobie-men ; neither were any of the befieged
y, Senied to go to London, but the Princes Rupert and
ut Maurice, who.being commanded to go cmc of Eng-
of ^nd, prepared for their departure. Prince Charlts
.35 pout this time, iaiied from Scilly with a few of his
award Counfellors to Jerfey, in order to go to his'
th Hither inr^'rance, which the King having advice of,
"It Itim this fhorc Letter from Ncwcaflle.
' Charles, I write to you only that yoa (hould
plow what F am, and that I am in health, not to di-
"eft you, at this time, in a'ny thing for what I would
|ave ybu dO : [ h.ive already written to your Mo-
'he.'j- to whom f would have you obedient in all
hings, except Religion, (about which I know ihc
till not trouble youj and go no whether without
er or my command. Write often to me. God
lefs you.
Your loving Father, C. R.
Soon after the furrcnder of Oxford followed tlw
^ of this fierce War, for Worccficr, Wallingfortl,
adennisand Ragland, yielded to the Viftors. Peace
w feeraed to be refiorcd to England, but they
B
ch
35
iie
n-
a
rs,
id
ad
ft,
e-
id
n-
ivv
lis
lis
its
I,'
Tht af
22
liad no fecurity, the FarliaiTienc being grievi
troubled with faftions among rhctnfelves, and (i|
ded under the Names of Presbyterians and Ind<
danrs, not .only in matters of Church-Governnij
but often in their Votes, and in .tran acdipg ainiol'
other buhnefs, and this'humour!fpread it h lf l
theCity, Country, and^Camp rand the Parlia,
doubting Coll. MafTeys Forces naight mutiny,
that account fcnt Fairfax to Disband, them, b
two thoalatid five hundred Horfe ; tvhich was
,ecly done in eight days time, chough they did^
tnen receive their pay,
Tlte Scots, as you have heard, carrying the
into the North, the parhament Voted, ' That
' pcrfon of the King lltcuki .hedifpofed of by the
'riiority of both Houfes of the parliatnefit of
'land: But the Scots denied to deliver him up,
kdging, That he was no lefs King of-England
Scof'iand, which caufed gt'eat dilTention between
tvvoNations. But at length, upon paying the 5|
two Imndred thoufand pounds, they agreed toipv, _
ver iipBenvick, Carlifle, andNcwcafHe, to theju-j^fj"
liament of England, and the Kirigs perfon alfo|i^[,gj
the Englifh CoraniifTioners, to be carried iprci"
South, who was received with great r'efpeft 'an^j
nour by the Earls of Pembroke and Denbigh,
the other ComTniiTionert, and by thgrji waicei
with much obfervance, and an honouNble Guai
his palace at Holmby in Northanipton-Pnir
But the Civil Wars being ended, a dilfention 8 tog,
than Civil arofe among the Conquerors, which ■ ■
jncreafcd under the Names of Presbyterians an'
dependant^: and extrearaly imbittered the miajl
men againfl each other, one-party complai
That the Covenant was broken: The other, Tl .
was not lightly Interpreted by thetn. And on
fiJes were nknof Reputation; and fevera! pet!
were drawn uo againft the Army, (lately fo '
adffli
ould
ft thi
-
Oliver Cromwel, 2|
evoAjfiilted) as rnaincainers of the Indeper.dect p9ri;y»
Jfhochen lay.flbGUC Saffron-W^lden in EfTcx. Yes^
was debaced iU' parliament, whether they fhould
rnni »Disjjanddd or not, which Cromwel, who fidcd
iOMdie {jidependeots, haririg notice of, he chereup-
1, wich lrecon, infinaated into the coramon Soui-
ers, That- the parliament intended to Disband them
b " itiipuc Efieir Arrea'rs, oreHe-to fend them into Ire-
. sd., :i© -dye cf Sicknefs br Famine, which caafed
feisldkrs to ufccontuirielious fpeeches againft the
Houf<3S;5 -and diereupon a Council of Officers was
i:c«p, confiftihg of two Cotnmiffion-Offiars, and
Wo private Souldiers out 'of every Regiment, to
hat^ec andrconfnJf for the good of the Army, asd to .
tJ'^jawup and prefeiit all their Grievances to the Ge-
%ral, aftd'tln^e Vverdcalhed Adjutators: Who ha-
^P'lng'mec, (by. the Indiga'tion of Cfomvvei, and fome
ad Ihers, that rhade them fenfible of their own ftrength,
■entity refolvcd upon ferzing the King at Hdimby-
s Sbufe..ufldfcl'pnetence of frteinghim from that nar-
to^w reftraifitun^iir whtch he' was kept by cheparlia-
•heiehts Order. To effeft which. Cornet Joyce is fenc
"Bither with five hundred Hoffe, who took the King
|t of the parliimencs Commifliofiers hands, and car-
|d him along .with 'them in the Army. Tins the
pcral cetd^s in a .hotter to the parliament, affirm-
^it to beidone without Ids confenc, and that the
kfcn alfcdged by tire Aflofs was^'Bccaufe certain
i'fons had ckrigned to take a'.vay.his Ma^eRy, there-
fo gather ftrcngch to make a new War, -which chty
fc able and ready to'prove.
i>Vben this, was knovvn, an Order pifled both Hob-
of Farli.iimerit, and . was Cent, to .the General ?
' That the ■ Kittg> (hould refide at .Richmond.
That he fhould be attended by thefanie perfous
: wa^ac Holmhy. • 5. That RoiTiters Reginicnt
'S'Joidcj Guard him. And the Presbyterians, who
^ lie the greater nember in Pariiafnerir, being fur-
WVr
(vi\i
4i'ip
'^I5i
WliJl
||l<c
t|'i<^
'ft ii'
I
: l'
!
fl ■
1!'
*4 The Hiftery of
iher alarm'd by thefc proceedings, refolved to divHlP^^
the. Army, and fend part of it to Ireland, and prl"y-
lently to cafhiere Crornvvel and his AQiftants: An?:'"
they piibiifh a Declaration, forbidding the Atouldie^^
to Petition the Parliament as being under their cor**''''
mand : Lijiewifc they had privacefy refolved
feize upon Cromwel, then in London, wh^iavii
notice ot it, got fecretly and haftily out of Town, a:
with full fpeed rid to Tripoly-Heath, fo that
Horfe was all in a foam, and was recciv«d wkh ti,
acclamations of the whole Army, to whom he difol'^'^'"
vered the intentions and aftions of theParliamtnr^^
whereupon, they entred into an Ingagement,
to' Disband till the propo&Is they had drawn up f€ '
regulating ail matters were anfwered, and th|^?'
tnarching to New-Market, they fubfcribed there^™
Cromwel putting his Name firft, and the reft of tp®*^'
Officers generally followed, fo that fevcral pan'
snent Rolls were filled with their Names, Them
■day was brought from the General, and his Coura
of Olficcrs, an Impeachment of eleven Members
the Haufe of Commons, who werecounted the ch
of the Presbyterian party, namely, Sir W. Wall
^11. Mafl'ey, Sir John Clochworthy, Sir Denzil H
Sis, Con. Long, Mr. Anthony Nicholas, Sir Ph. S
pieton, Mr. Glyn, Sir John Maynard, Sir Willi)
Lewis, and Coll. Edward Harley, charging themwi p™
hindring the relief of Ireland, -obflrufting of Juftil'"®''
and afting fome what againft the Army, and the La. ^
pf England. The Members declared themfelw
ready to anfwer, but the Army would have tli
4CAUJ tva uiiLvvv.1^ e/Mi, zTiiHijf >v^.aulu J 1(4• ^ «.»* L'T'L
Secluded from their feats in Parliament, till they 1 , f
brought in their anfwer t whereupon they withdt
rhemfelves by confcnt for fix months. After wh
the Army marched nearer to London, and came
Bedford, the King going to the Earl of Bedfoi
Boufe, near Wouborn.
Add DOW .the Ciiizeos being for tlie Presbytei
diie
26
an<
^Ge;
deer
ma
tizei
Oliver Cromwel. 2f
jjvi(4'3''fyiiitheHoufe, and the Independents for the At-
I prf^y' 8^^"" divihons happened in London, for the
• that Parliament having ordered the Mill-
\ldicfwhich had been eflablifhed the 4th. of
^ay, and put others better affefted to the Army ii»
heir rooms, the Presbyterian party were cxtreamly
^ncenfed thereat, and came ti*o days after to tlie
ioufe with a petition, accompanied by a multitude
f Citizens and Apprentices, who corning to the
idoor of the Commons, eried out. That titey muft
difafersnt their petition before they rofc. Wliereupotr
jj^ jj^heHoufe beginning to rife, they took the Speaker,
jyljSnd held him-in the Chair, detaining him and the
' fjreft of the Members, till they forced another Order
jJfromthem, 'Thatthe,King fhouldcometo London;'
leret^^'^"^ which they adjourned to July ^o. but tlien
t JtJth Speakers were ahfent, having withdrawn them-
elves to the Army, whereupon two new Speakers
g pj were chofen, the Lord Hunfdon, and Mr. Henry Pel-
^am, Barrifter, by whom the following Orders wero
nade that day. ' i. That the King Ihould come to
'London, a. That the .Militia of London fhould
' have power to raife Forces for defence of the City.
3. They (hould alio have power to choofe a General,
tor thofe Forces; and that the eleven Impeaclied
' Members Ihould return to their feats. The Citizens
jj^j armed with thefe Orders, prefently proceed to raifs
choofing MalTey their General.
. l a In the mean time, the Lords and Commons stltich
ifei London, confulcing with rhe General,and
chief Commanders of the Army, made an Order,
'That all Aftsand Decrees that had paffed on Julv
' 26. and fmce, fhould be accounted null and void,
and that they did adhere to the Declaration of the
'General and Council of the Army. It wailikevvife
decreed, 'That the General with his Array fhould
' niarch to London. Upon whofe approach the Ci-
'Cens, who made fome femblance of oppofition.
oun
lers
2ch
Vail
1 Hi
I. S
'illi.
th
;y
hdt
vvli
me
Ifoi
ytei
i
I
The HiPoyy of
niecdrig in Common-council, and finding-it impoffiirouehi
iVi
bic forideniy to raife Forces to o ppofe tnem, they fcni
to the General for a pacincation, which b'/ the coH'
lent of the Menibcrs of Parliament, was'griihted them!
on thefeconditions: ' i. That they fhoui^ dcfcrt thei
11 reftr
or of
itted
' FarHament now fitting, and the elerti) Impeacheil
'Member?. 2. To recal their la^©"JDeclarationjjndthe
itfcip ferv
'(tbren V,
' 5. To relinqiiifh their prcfeat Militia* ' 4. To de-|ife rei
'liver up to the General all their Ports, and thelat. A!
' Tower of Loridbu. '5. To Disband all the F©rcesfby a pj
* they had raifedl All which, not daring Co deHy^.ed at'
were inffantly ratified, agd fo Augoll i5,.- td47. thepthets
Army marched ■ triumphantly thrcugli Itbbdon-, totwenty
Weflminffer, with the two Speakers, atid the Mehit And
•'tiers of Farliament, whom they refio'rect'to theifHamptc
former Seals, and tlic eleven fecluded'Members feliWith t'm
111
it!,
'london,-fbrne-gqing beyond Sea, and others widijthe Kin
paffes to their Hbufes in the Country. Both Speatoad Lar
crs, in the Name of-the whole Farliament,'g.lv®ri;atc
thanks to the General, and made him CommaBdcifiie Far
of all the Forces iu'Enpl md and Wales, aUd Coaf to Lo
i
liable of the Tower of London ; a months pay wa^Parlia,
likewife given to the Array for a gratuity. Th|rhough
li'l
ii dli
day Fairf^Kf iGrorpiwel,:'6~'kipporj, an-hlie- 'ochei ^hat bt
Commanders, inarched from Wcflminfier chfbngli rity to t
London to the T^ivleiv where fome commnnds, and or:toan
tlie- Militia, were ;!!tcred- y and to curb the City,- he> refund
Militia \v:ls divided, WeflWinlkr and .SbuthwarS rTife cc
having power co cotnmatid tiieif even ' Trained Bands defence
, And thus was the Fresby-terian party deprr.lfcd, ara tgainff
' all things manaf^d according to the Inclination 'o nent,
the Independents and'die Army. - , • ■ finny,
Ajcer ihisFamfaK'-rttarelied out of London, quar ipattcrs
tering his SOuWkrs ih the'Towns-and "Villages kdji fament
cent-, only leaving- fonfe Regiments a-lsdut White-fwil denly f
anH the Mewle, to guard rhe-vFartianieiif, his headcretly ■
Lttiarcers being at Futiiey ; aqdithc K'ing'about'd't mii^ fr
iniddle of A'uguff,- aft.ef Uiv.er-s removes!, was at-Jength Kor Nt
brouglli
ioffi4n
Oliver Crorawel.
27
rbught to Hampton-court, where he fcemed not ac
fcni|!l reftrainrd, buc lived like a I'rince in all the fplen-
cort'ijorof 'a Court, all forts of people being freely ad-
heml^ittetl to kifs his hands, and wait upon him-, tea,
t thejhis ii*rvants from beyond Sea, even thofe tvho had
thedbcen Voted Delinquents, as Afhbiirnham, Barkley,
tkinjnd the reft, were permitted by. the Army to have
de'fofe recoarfe to him, which was generally vvondrcd
tlitbr, About this time a aifturbaiice arbfe in the Army
trcopy a party called I.evellers, fometd whom wercfei-
enyf.ed at Ware, and the principal fticklers (hot todcadi;
th^thers Traprifoned, and all their favourers calhier'd,
I'. tetvventy being difcarded out of one Troop,
lekf And now propoficions were fenc to the Kmg ac
heifjlamptoa-court, agreed upon by both Houfes, ai'.d
teftivith the concurrence of theScorch Commifftonsrs .but
a/itiiflj): King refufcd to comply widi them ; for Louden
eaifjirid Lanerick, newly come out of Scotland, having
-"-'nri vatdlV dircoKrs.'tL with the Kingl; fent Letters to
he/'ariiahient, re^w^ng; ' That the King may come
P to London,, and there perfonally treat with tlie
wiii'farliameht about the matters' in controverfie :
Thtphongh not ]o.ng before they dtenied-it to be juft,
thejthat before the /finghtd j.iven facisfaftion and (ecu-
ngli rity to the people,. hcfhoulJ bs admitted 10 London,
nJorttoany perfonal Tr^'aty with the Tariiament, and
refuleri'CO:receive him into Scotland, left he raigh.t
taife casnmotions tL.erey -but they alledgeci in their
ndsjdefence. That the Kutg had been taken - rnv. Hohr.by
ar.ifcgainft nis will, and without the confent of Far it-
uarj
djf
bail
a o^ent, and ftil! remained under the power of an
pttny, not in that freedom proper for treating of
p3tcers of fo great concernment. But while the Far-
Mmenc were framing propoficions, they were fijd-
'lenjy furprized widi the news that the King wasfe-
cretly withdrawn from'Bamptoh court, letters co-
fqjm Cromwel alioutmidnight-co,the Speaker:-
Eor Nov. 12. whilft the Com nHTioncrs of Farlia-
3.8
*C
*ri
The Hljiory
mcnt, and Collonel Whaley, who commanded tl
Guard, cxptftcd when the King would come out ci
his Chamber to fupper, and vvondred at his Jon;
flay, at iaft, about Nine a clock, feme going in,. mif| ^.
fed the King, finding his Cloak, and a Letter wricreiSj"
with his own band to the Commifiioncrs, to be coml, ^
municated to the Parliament, wherein having dif| J
cCurfed about captivity, andrhe fwcecnefs of iibercyl™
he protefled before God, 'He did not withdraw ti|^'?
' difiurb the publick peace, but for his fafcty, again#®!'
' which he underflood there was a TreafonabieConI J™
' fpiracy, &c. and chat if he might be heard
'freetlom, honour, and fafecv, he fhould inflantl)L
' breok through this cloud of retirement, andfiiew,,
h r'niinrrv. *
' himfelf the P'ather of his Country.
The Parliament flartled at his departure, few "
fomc perfons to the Sea-coafls, to prevent his goinjsff
beyond Sea ; and when it was reported he was con4,l.
cealcci in London, Ordered, 'Thatifany raahlhouMl J
' cioiely detain the Kings perfon, he fhould be punf,
' ifli'd with lo.'s of Eflate and Life. But this cloulL *■
foon diifolved. Letters coming from Coll. Hammoncil ®!
Governourof the Ifle of Wight, that the King wal '.'
come thither, and had delivered himfelf into hiiL?'
pro edion, and tiiat he vvould difpofe of him as thcF '
Parliament (hould appoint, who commending Ham'P"!
snond, ordered. That he fltould Guard the King witlil
diligence, and wait on with refpcft and honour, .
lbs: all neceiTaries fhould be fer.t him. L
The King fent a long Letter from 'hence to th.e
liamenc, wherein he defired tocoire to a perfonal|
Treaty at l.ondon, which wasalfo vehemently
Whereupon, afrer>i,^^'
■J iin fnnr nronontl'l ;
'en
by the Scots Coramiffioners:
long debate, Nov. 25. they drew up four propofiti
ons in the form of Ads, to be figned by the King in
the Ifle of Wight, and then he fhould be admitted
to a perfonal Treaty, which were, ' i. To pafs a(
' Aft for rcciling the fdiiitia of the Kingdom. 2- A"
' Ad,
^auj
Ten
dtl
com-
: dif'
jerty,
;w K
Oliver Cromwel.
'Ad for calling in all Declarations, Oaths and Pro-
)utoS ' ci'inatiohs, againd the I^arliament and their adhe--
lonl' ?■ Incapacitating thofe Lords who were
^ifj' made after the Great-Seal was carried to Oxford^
ritreii' fitting in the Houfe of Peers thereby. A pow
' er to be given to the two Houfes to adjourn as they
' lhall think- fit. The CommjfTioners of Scotland de-
dared againft thefe Bills, however, Dec. 34, they
were prefented to the King, who underftanding the
minds of the Scots, and the Fadions in London, ab-
'(;„JfoIu4:ely refufed to fign them. Which dcniil was-
^^j.||lharply debited in the Houfe, and it was affirmedy
antll' Thaethe King by this denial, had denied bis pro-
tediiMi tothe people of England, for which only
; fubjedionis due to him: And therefore, Jan. ly. -
feffi' Declaration and Votes parted both Houfes of Parlia--
PQjpiraent, | That they will make no further Addrefles to -
' •' the King, nor any other to make application- fO"
' him, without their Order, under penalty of Higli—
' Treafon : That they will receive no more MelfageSi
'from him-, to both or either Houfes of Parliament, ,
'or any other perfon; This was feconded by a Decla-
ration of the General and Officers of the Army,.,
which was prefented to the Houfe, and thanks return-
cdrthem for their Refolutions to adhere to the Parlia-
mencin their proceedingsconctrning the King, and!-
sgainft him orany other that fhall partake J with him*.
; The Parliament likewife, by their Dcclatationji
did endeavour to appeafe themmds of the peoplcy
Jwny of whom were ex-trcamly difcontented with*.
1'?'^ proceedingSj Tumults and Infurreftions being:
j ifr'y feafed, fb-thac the Parliament, though viflo-
rerC'°i'^5 and guarded-with .a conquering Army, no'
vifibly appearing againft them, yet werene—
mil 'Cr in more danger,. and every man began to-forsfce.
itted lj,'"8i'ter and War, as Mariners obfcrv-e a riling:
Alt
con-
ould
pun-
loud
onci|
; was
I hi!
the
lam'
witli
and
Par-
bnal
rfle-
The.
nu^l
wer
bid
rem
the
the
and
• fcnt
into
' The threatning Waves iti Tfafls vcriumraous
' Boil up; The Seas.by blafts uncertain blownj
' Beioteen-many Winds conception," ; . ,
• • • -It c * r'l -
>"The liings'party, chough conquered, ■ had great
)«3pes of tetpieving their Caufe, and the fame thing
feemed tohe thewifh of many ofthofe called Pres-
byterians, out or~their ftrong averfion to the Inde-
pendents; fo that the King, though fet ahde, and|
confincdwithinihelfleof Wight, svasmoreforrnida-Jtere
hie this Summer than in any other, whcn'he wasSfupi
feilowed fey his flrongeff .Armies.vcThelNanie
King had tiow a farther operation, and the puyoftlte.
vulgar gave a greater Majefty to hiaperfoti .-'frmce
Charles alfo by his abfence, and chsNarae ohbariifli-
went, was more defited of them, and by his-'Cotn-
mifltons, privately font fram his Father, and' CoiU',
mands under his Natney he was able to raife twt only
Tumults but Wars. ' ■ , : ;
. The Parliament for theirfecurity, CJiuai tered part| :
of' the Army about Wcftminffer, the Mewfe, and
Qthcrplaccsof theCicy; aiid feme Lords and Com-
raons were-ohofen out of the, Houfe, and .calkdj
Ai. Committee of Safety, and face at-Derby-Haafe,|
"with potvcr to fuppreis- Tumults and Infurredtionsi
'.ffld to raife Forces upon occafion ;; whiah were chtjj
Earls, of NorrhuraberUnd,"' Kcnh, iWar-vich and
Manchefter, the Lords'Say, : Wl-i^rton and RobertSi
and'thirteen of the H. of -Commotis; among whom
"was-Lieucenanc-General Cromwel •' And it was not
long e're they had Occarton to make ufe-of- eheir Aa-
tlwrity, for upon Synday,nApttt 9:1 r"(S48i fome Ap*
prentices, and other fodfe people,qplayjng in Piloor-
fields, fee upon aCOidpatty oft the.Tfiined Bands,
and with ftoocs beat the Captsn out fef the Fields,
taking away his Colours, with which they marched
IB the head of a diforderJy Rout, increafing conti-
nually
Oliver Croihwel., 311
nu^lybytliewSy to WeftminfteF,. crying out,- Th:y||
were for King Charles, but by a Tfoop of Horfe out |''
of jhe Mewfe were foon difperfed 5 yet running 11
lack info the City, and others joining them, they I,^
rcmaiiresi all Night in a body, to the great terror off';
eatf the Citizens, fo that the Lord Mayor, who was for )
ingfthe Parliarnent^ efcaped privately out of his Houfe,
es-|stid went to.che Tower. In the morning,
ie-l lent part of his Army'intothe City, who drove them
intif iflto,L;fiaden-Hall, taking fome prifoners, and Icat-
da-|'tered,.the reft, fo that this:Tumult was inflantiy
vastfupprefs'd, for which fervice he had the thanks of
^jf|t-he Parliament, and.ferae of the principal Citizens,
apd a thoufapd pound gratuity to hisSouldiers.
Tcei ■. lyiay 2d.j about :chree hundredtcame outof Siirry.-.|
CO We.ftmii)fter, wirii. a Petition 'tp»the Parliament,'
vdierekx they demand, ' That : the ®iflg'',,(bould be
' pfefently reftofed to his former Cignicvv'and come
to V^efiminfliCr ivith honour, freeddtn,; and lafcty,
to great perfotwily there about all CorJiirdverfics;
'■That the Armyfhoald prelently be Diebanded, and
ind^ ' the,free peopk- of England be gofeff!ed''by thtir ^
jxi'l* 'knotvpL'.jw,s and Statutes., IThefo PedcksnearS'-were \
fe seaj-hcft for ,an amfwer. 'thai they would not ftay i
d.ilfit^iPiriiarainnkoald -deljate if,.:baii-fetcvip«it!. the
Souldiers that guarded the Houfe; of .tilioHr, fonie
theiydiiiftj and killed one. Whereupon, forae-^drrfc
and tfpot wereTent from the Mewfe, who gave cm .
a feeling anfivtr, killing fome, and fcxitcering tire,-
ccif, fa that they, were utterly vanquithed.' At die.,
fame tima the Kentifh-men vvcre coming with a PeiiT
lion, and;af^ormidable Army to back; it,-being, mray
Sifcdtath.of :their Companions, tvhojraifcn a ,
TumuJilgtGanrerhury; topt event their-arrival; .G.eni
Eairfax^ was feOc with'fe>7en Regnnebts to: Black--
Hearfj. ■ ' '1- --
■loin the meaftdime fdmeTmall-Murreflipnsihappen-,
in 5uffioll!i,f-iac. Scamfprd, aad in C®rr[wall, but:
weref:
m
i.t
?■
The Fliftory of
i/^Ml
!i(i
:1?'iii|"
•m
v.'ere foon fbppreis'd by Coll. Wait, Sir Hardre| ft
Waller, and others. Sir Thomas Glemham had fei? hi
7£.i upon CarliOe, and Sir Marmaduke Langdale spi ot
on Berwick, and fortified it, and the Royalifts hafl di
taken the ftrong Caftlcof Pomfrer. Toraanage thef| tl:
Wars in the North, Coll. Lambert was left witkf w
feme Regiments of Fairfaxes Army, but thb mot uj
formidable danger feemed to be in -Wales, wliertt gc
Poyer, Povvel and Langhorn, three Parliament Collol o\
nels, had raifed an Army of eight thoufand men, b|f nc
th
di
ar
bi
■i
Fa
Bl:
; ab>
m.:
' ;iWt 1
I
a CommilTion from Prince Charles, but Collonel'
florton, with three thoufand ingaged them near Pc-
tctftone, and totally routed, and put to flight their
whole Army. A great flauglner was made, and
about three thoufand prifoners taken, equal to thei
numberof the Vrdfors; among whom were one hun-|
dred and fifty Officers, many Colours, agieatquan-
tiry of Arms, with all their Cannon, Langhorn and
Fowel efcaped with Foyer into Pembrook-caftle.l
Ctomwel himfelf, about the beginning of May, wasl of
fcnt into Wales with ibme Regiments, who comingJ ma
toChepftow-caftle.refolved to befiege it, but haften-j rac
ing to Pembroke, he left Coll, Ewer at Chcpftow,? fev
who within fifteen days cook that caftle, and klled| Ca
Semilh, to whom the Governourhad treacheroufly" Sir
(urtcndred it. t? Ma
May 30. Cromwel came to Ptmbrook, of which j did
Colkmel Poycr was Commander, who relying on? anc
the great ftrengtli of tiie place, refufed all conditi- nor
ons, being fenuble chat time was very precious with
tfie Parliament, who were furrounded witlr. fo many
ditficukies at once *, but Cromwel, to whom defpair'
was altogether a ftranger, prepared for the Siege,
bei.ig much furthered in his workfrom the SWj by
vhe great Induffry of Sir George Ayfcough, who
continually furnifh'dhim, by the a.Tiftance of aSqua-
dron of Ships, with great Guns and Prpvifions of all
^rts from BrifiQl. Haying taken a full furvey of the
ftrcDgtb
had
the'
dd"
for
fort
alifi
ers,
ken
aaoi
Olivei- Cromwcl.
II
drefe ftreng-hof the Caftle, lie refolves to batter it wkl-'
fei| his Cannon, becaufe he had notice their Powder mc..
e Bp; other provifions would foon be fpent, and that the,
hadj divifionsheheard were among them, might occafioti
thef(| them to yield, and fo favc the lofs of his men, ol j
witlij whom he was very carefuh, fmce fo much Work lay|
mof upon their hands: In the mean time he ftriftlyi
'hefii guarded the Trenches, to prevent them from coming|:
iolloi cut, which had the efeft he expefted 5 Hunger, i£|.
1, b](f not breaking through ftone Walls, yet cccafioningj
lonelj rhem CO deliver up the Town and Caflle, theSouKj
r Pe*' diets upon Quarter, but Langhorn, Poyer, Powel,|'
;heit and fome others, upon mercy, which the reft found,;
and but Poyer was (hot t« death.
I the- While Crctmwel was afting thefe things in Wales, |
lun'li Fairfax, with his (even Regiments, marched from
uan-f Black-Heath toward Rocheftex, and about Gravefcnd
aBdl a great number were got together, and among them
ftlf .l above twenty Knights, Elquires and Gentlemen,
vyasi of the County, with feveral of the Kings old Com-
lingl manders, but they durft not ingage Fairfax, though
;en-i more numerous, fome marchkig to Maidftone, a
Dw,.' few to Rochefter, others to Dover, to beiicge that
!ed| Caftle, but were foon removed by Coll. Rich, and
fly I Sir Mich. Livefey. About two thouiiind were got to
" Maidftone, and refolved to defend it, vehich they
ich ., did wichfuch obftinacy, that the valour of Fairfax
on- and his Souldiers were never tryed fomuch before,
nor a Viftory got with greater danger; for after they
had broke into the Town" with much difftculty,
they found a War in every Street, and Canntn plants
^d againft them, fo that they were forced to fight
for every corner of' it; but at length, with the lofs of
forty men, it was taken, two hundred of the Roy-
alifts being (lain, .md fourteen hundred made prifon-
®rs, four hundred Horfej and two thoufand Armsra-
hen; and it was remarkable, that at the (ame time
another Army of many tlioufand Keati(h.mc-o, co-
iti
ith
my
air
gC'
by
hb
la'
all
h^'
tb
•n
f ift
r i*'
m
'If
%
The Hifiory of :
wing from Rochefler to aid their Frieads, yet whenfwer
7ihey came near durft not aflift them, but flood intnd
oiight while Fairfax took the Town. Kent flemedifelbl
' r;fow to be quiet, when the Lord Goring, with th«wich
Remains of the Kctitifh-men, being about two thou-he. h
, fo'and, marched as far as Greenwich, fending to fespofli
^ fciow the Citizens flood affeftfd to the bufinefs, buiiBti
!| Ftvhile he flaid, expeflJig ananfwer, fome Troops oiifpi
nche Army came in light, upon which Goring and alfcuer
? a his company fled, tHe-Horfemcn perilling took fbmfd tl
2 HBootyT anti the Kentifh-men generally went home tSaou
' tctheir own Houfes, but the Lord Goring, with aboutakir
m
' wfive .hi|nd.red Horfe, coming to Greenwich, thegrea
;i-»li£Ct Boars, and palTed over iqtq.pdfex, . and, the Lor§;iat
111:.
. aiCapai, with porces, out, of li^jrtford-fhire, .and SiBain
■ dlCharles Lucas, with.abQ.dyohfipr^,! joined him :^e
^ tii Chelmsford, with levqral of the Kings Souldierfiam
^ Ptjpid many. Lpndqnei}5"'^wiho flock'd,- to. them,, Thdie£
j Cj General followed thvmj,;_ crpfltpg .ithe Thames a iron
; fciGrayeiend, and at kngHi drq.vq thpm iDtoCokh.eflei lell,
to where after near three rnpnths, Siegg, jlieing red>i« our
' in to that cx,tx,emh>' a^itq-Jive feytral VVecHs upn i) fli
w! Horfe-flefli.fi gdel^iihisig,,of relief, ■ they - at lenitfetoi
; yielded themieJvesjp^^iioner^T ^pCisiirlQS Lu,ca^;.;atiirey
fa Sir,George L'^h^j heuig'fhoc cq demlj;■ lang
i*: this cim^:Crcyrivvs! niarcfjes J^prahward, ,tp eA Cc
C( deaypur;to .gaay^iii-the _d'angpr frpm.Scocl.and, ffCHfom.
till whencf D. Hai^lltcm -was marchipg with,a potent ASoltc
on my. Lambertt vy^flntj.bgfpre.to (ypprefs G!emha#t_th
tfJ and Largdaik, wli^. w.it'lif,their Forces. ■ being- ahofiiral
dt th^ee- d)oBfarid,',,rj:the4.iBto. Gymbfrland and Weifrve
wi rtWl^d, tp) jpip with tji^ i^cpf.s,; wlfl olla
tie they, did, lrap>bert ae Applshys forph len.
ilii him to r?tire put, iftf the.Tpiyp, biap.Crppiwei havi
eq receivfd all necelTary fdpph,?^ frojnahe Parliame! 'om
came and join,cd him, apd obferved rhe. mpfiens
D. Hamilton, being, both but eight thoufaud .fix hi
dted men, againif, the-Scots apd Englilh Army
twei
keih
arii:
of
iiicl
Oliver Cromwel. 3 ^ i'
■henlwenty one thoufand, who were marched into Eng.|l
id ioltindas far^P^eftonin Lancafhire, where Cromwel;'
mcdielblved to figlw them, his forlorn ingaging them firrt ,■;
1 tlwich tvyo hundred Horfe and four hundred Foot, and
hou-he, himfelf leading up the mam body in the be(t_i
i feeCgflurc the place wopld admit, being a dirty lane,
bglnd inconvenient for Horfe, where after four hours
3S odifpute, he put them to the rout, whom the Con-
d altoaerours, perfued through Pa"efton, and having clear-,
bmfd the Streets, follqwcd them as far as W,.riiingcon,'
le tabout twenty, mdes, killing many, in the chafe, and,
boutaking Lieuteaanc-CJeneral Baiiy prifoncr, with the
thegteateft part of the^cots Army, granting. th€m,oiily ,
Lor^tarcefl fcv abeir ..hhea. . Three thoufand Scots were
1 Sfiaiti,Iajid.tpn prifoneirs,. w.jith .abovb'
im ape hundred cpl.cmr^jv and. aji their Baggage. Duke'
lierfeamihon findipg the fe/viee too^afni, retreats over
Tlifie Bridge with a,gpod party.(# Ho.rfe and Foot, but
;s alrorrywel ordered hitmen,to faljinafmphg them pell-
;flei|iell, with thch fwjQcds, drawn, at wjhich, dgfperate.
iuceloara^ethe Scots, beylgiainazetii betook thepif^lves:
upojb flight,, afld fiheJDufce vsjitha bgdv qf.Horfe got to- j
.■n ;t|itoxeter,-;Vj'hbre ha taken ^iipperbjjrire- .bord, |
. aniferey, aiad-.sbouc three thoufand: .Hftrffijvith .hitn j.
taogda&.vvascalfo taken by a ParJi^etjc Gapsa'nj., -
p eif Confpiraeics hydatid,- t-hopghpyer the whole^B.ipg-
frotfora, feiraedoOQt. enpugji,. .but-fbc -Sea likqwiif-.rsM-
,c ASoltcd frofs the JParKanfieoitij; jiivprs'pf the chiqf Slpps
nhaiti theRsayaJfNavy, inrjune. 1648} fet -theVice-Ad-
ihoi liral B^inibOEoa^iiiafeoarT'declaiing,; they,
iVej -rve the Kingisaaid i.rpihi
w.hi o'land. witbeyventy M pf Ship«v'afid :rwo,5bpufand
irpl ^en. ThefParJiameptS Vice-Adrnifftl'ipitied vyich-
avi: rcih, and-thc>D,ot3fp«k, who had. made his efcspe,
me! lOm Londori, • being alfp .aboard. At which the
gns prlument;.wcrx much difturbed, aHd;,fetic to the
; huP of Warwick tO) command the remaining N^v'^i
nyl'flchhc reailyluadcrioek, but lw,brQtli% thpijgh
wel ua-,
:te
:!i-H
•tei
■ti!'
:■ -I'l
»;i35 The fJiflory of
nbo fouldier, by commiffion from the Prince, affem'l
ev
fli(
«vi
Ed
fio:
fen
hbles five hundred Horfe and Foot about Kingfton't jj^
ijHeath, depending on the atFeftions of the Citizensu
ichaving with him the D. of Buckingham, his Brother! g„
cL. Francis Villicrs, and the E. of Peterborough, but'
„aSir Michael Livefey, and otiiers, foon difperfcd
juthem. Tlie L. Francis Villiers was flain, and the
jot, Holland flying with the remainder of his Horfe toj
dSt. Needs, was altogether fubdued_, Dalbeer, andj
Ihfbme other Gentlemen flain, and himfelf taken pri-l
lEfoner. At the fame time Roffiter obtained a great:
It'Viifioryoveronethoufand Horfe, who were pillaging f ,;,.
I'fj the Country, out of Porafret-caftle. . Lo
jg About the end of Augufl, Warwick was with afnia
(good Fleet in the River of Thames, when P. Charles,jxi);
^ with a great Navy of twenty flout Men of War cameLyg,
'< up the River, and conmtanded him to take down his|Go,
I iFlag, and yield Obedience to htm as chief Admiral jof
' I by the Kings Commiflion. Warwick refufed, yetltiig
: ( declined fighting in that tvarrow channel, expedingjwaj
' to be joined by the Portfmouth Fleet, commanded
' by Sir G.Ayfcough, which the Royalifls reported|v/e|
was revolted alfo } but tliough moft of the Marinerslneri
, were inclined to the Prince, yet Sir George, by hi5|teei;
prudent mandgery, at length confirmed them in cheirlof ]
Obedience to the Parliament,and failing by P.Charlesjcre;
^ in the Night, brought all his- Ships fafe to the E. of;ihcj
Warwick, who no-vv refolved to ingage the Prince, lov^
j, but finding he was gope back to Holland for want of'' joii
' provifions," he followed him foon after with theijian
whole Fleet to Gc»ee, upon that coaflt I tvb
Cromwel-, -after-he had given- that great defeat cojPKjf
Hamilton, follovvirig'his Viflory, marches toward/'Kin
Scotlandtoairift Argyleand Levens, againft the For-^
, ces of Monroe and Lanerick, and to give them an
■ accountwhat was beeome of Hamilton, but-upon his
I approach, without effefting any thing, they widv
j draw dieir Forces back into Scotland, and- Cromwel'
iU'l
fem"
fton-
!Lens'
ither
buc,
rrfcd
1 che
'e to!
and
pri-
Oliver Cromwel ■
O'
in his way reduced Berwick and Carlifle into the Par-
liamcnts power. Before lie encrcd Scotland, he;
Rendevouz'd his Army on the banks of the Tvieed,f
apd caufed proclamation to be ihade at the head of'
every Regiment, That no man, upon pain of death,
ftiouid take from the Scots either Cattel or Goods
\ without Order. He then marches direftly toward
Edinburgh, coconfuk about the affairs of both King-
rioms-, many of the ScotsNobility andGentry were
fent from the Committee of Effates to meet him,
;reat^ who after congratulatory Orations made, condufted
&ing l.iin to Edenbargh, where Argyle, Leven, and other
Lords, treated him and the rcfl of the Englifh com- ,
:h at nianciers, with a magnificent banquet in the Caftle,,
'tl®^|Thanks were given by the Minifters to Cromwel, who '
amejjwasby themfiiled, The preferver of Scotland under
' God ; many of thefe havingtdenounced the vvr^th
of God againff that Army of Hamilton, which by
the fuccefs they now thought fulfilled. Such alf#
was the Teftimony of the Committee of Eftates,
ae"|written to the Englifh Parliament, concerning Crom-
rtedjwe!. Prcfcnily after the Forces of Monroe.and La-
were disbanded, and all others, except fif-
' "!S|teen hundred Horfe and Foot, under the command
heirj-of Leven, for fettling the Kingdom. Itwas alfode-
irleS|Fre?d bv the Committee of Effaces, and Afferably of
s.oi the Kirk, for prefcrvation of Religion, and brotherly
I his
liral
yec
fing
ded
ctvijove with thc'Engliffi Nation,' That no man who had
it ot|« joined with Hamilton, in the late fnvafion of Eng-
thci^land, ftiould be chofen for the new Parliament,
ard
^or-
an
1 hiS'
itlv-
.wel'
I which was then called, or into the Affembly of the
'■ being enemies to Religion, and both tlie
' Kingdoms.
A ff range and fudden alteration this was. That che
Fpgiifh Array, wliich but a year before were by the
F'fk party of Scotland called a bundle of Seftariet,
M reviled by all manner of opprobrious names,
Pou .'d now be acknowledged by the fame Scots to be
'ift
7hf ffiflory of
r
i'ti
i ''ji
■{
'S
I
ifMi-'
f?e
pr«
En
by
the
ant
,Yo
fed
' '
f-
•I
Kil:
Ri"
%c Fnf^'iiments of G^'d,i2nd Vindicators both of the
Jthurch and Kingdom of Scotlaixd. And this great
'fhange in the Council of Scotland, Iiad been more to
iif-e vvondccd at, if. the change that then happened
idn the Englilh Parliament were not much more fur-
■dbrizing, for who can imaghie that Crom\»el, for
dkranquiihing a. Scotch Army, by which the Nacioii,
^Was delivered frorn phmdt;r, and many other mif-
irchisfs, fhoald be.ackijovvledgcd there the-prererver^ ,
'.'ofSfotland, ?nd tlwt tlie fame Viftoxy of .hiS 'againftfftva
^the Scots, fhoyJJ pleafe cite Presbyterian, Scots for^Ma
ffleiigtofi Cake, and for Rehgiops fake difpleafe thei the
*|Pres%t;erianstn England, fof the face o£ the EnglithlGai
jjParlianient was now fuddealy changed,and the Votes jdre
J|that had paffed the year before of. making no moreldaj
laddreffesto the Kin.;, were annulled and made void (
lupon; which ylicy , had publifhed a Declaration of thelTre
:reafon and necefricy of their proceedings. .New ad-jpte
dfcfles are no.vy made to. the King, with more fub-.jpl
miffion than ever was before refolved on *, the clevcnpfp
linpeached Members were reftored to their feats,j^Bd
and the Houfes debated of creating with the ffi'ng up-if'''r-i
ion his own fecarity perfonally, at London, with ho-^tfc
nour, freedom and Ufetyi Bat this was not carried,jppr
. only a Treaty was Vo.ced to be in the Ifle of Wight,^."rn
and thit the King /lionId ohtife chaplace in chat Ifianii^-'s
In perfnance whereof, tki:E..!afMidd'efcx, arid tvvflWt
of the H. of Commons, were fetic to the King, wUaipir
anfwered, That he was very ready to treat of peace;
Upon which, five Peersi and ten Cominoners vver^.'ie'
immediately chofen and fenc to Newport, Duriiwoi
this Treaty,, the King found all kind of, refpeft sntwlien
obfervancc from the Commiffioners, being actende<i|''sf'
with a Royal Retinue, the D. of Richmond, Marquefs|ke '
of Hartford, the Earls of Southampton and Lindfeyl*^'
with a number of othep Gentlemen of Quality wl-ofod
waited in his Train; his own two Chaplains, and di-lhor
vers of his Lawyers, to advife him in the Trearvfcot]
1
the
teat
s to
ned
fur-
for
ciori,
mif-
fvcr
inft
Oliver Cromwel.. 59 |
While thefe things wieie TranfafHng at Wieffmin- jt^
fier, Cromwel having finifhed matters in Scotland ?
prepares for his return, and Offob. 16. 164B. leaves jl
Endenburgh, being condufted feme miles on his way ■;
by Argyte, and other Scotch Noblemen, who took j
their leaves with mutual demonflrations of kindneff,
and marching''toward CarlkTe,' when he came into
Yorkfliire, he was defired by the Committee to
reduce the CaAles of Scirboaough and Pomfret in his
way; thclafl of which was defended by Coll, John
for.yMaurice with great courage, not by theftrength of
the! the place, but the valour of the Defendants: The
>lifh! Garrifoir confided of four Hundred Foot, and one hun-
otesSdred and thit^fy Horfe, but all daring fellows, who
lorepnSy perforfsfedlbme-notable Exploit by their iklSies,
jid one time by fbizing'Sir Arthur Ingi^am with a
thelTfobp of {^ohfe, and obKgJftg him to pay-tifccenhun"
ad-^ted pounds to obtain his libttrty; ■ Soon after they
fub-iftpok CajKain Clayton, and moft of his Troop, and
wenP'fougbt mto the Cafile two hundred head of cartel,
ratSj^yd tnany, Hbrfcs, though 5ir Hen.Cholmly «t that
up-P'^e beleaguered it to keep them in. One morning
ho-pefore day, forty Horfe fallied out, and fpeeding to
iedjPpncafler, where Coll, Rainsborough, vvhoTiad a
;ghc,jfonimiffioH to command the fiege in chief, then
and.R-'P't^redj tliree of chfm went into the Town, and
t«flR"H"'red for Gbll Rainsboroughs Quarters, to which
n/bneeiug direded, they went thither pretendiftg to dc-
hjm letters Jrora -lieurenant-General Cromwel;
verw-be ColIon'el lictlefuTpefting their bufinefs, confident-
rinal' opens the door to receive the letters, but oiie of
andPyrn inftafitiy Aabbd him to the heart, and thohgh
jdedP's Forces guarded th2 Town, yetthey got back into
[uefs "0 Tb reducfeTllispIacej Crbmi
'z'<^ having Icccled the Northern counties, now comes
iio orders the fiege to be ftreight^ied, leaving a
di- hong party under Fambert, whp was come from
^dand; to prevent their ranging abroad, and in a
■h'leir
f,
!
J.,
r^i:|
■i| !A
4© Tht Hifiory of '
Cro'mwel marches up to London) and cakes hiit' fte
phce in parliament, ivho in his abfence had recalledi«fef
ti:e!TVoteof Non addrcffes, and were treating vvicM'iiaj
the King at Newport, but while this Treaty prca:eed<j « nn
«d, and feme months were fpenc in debates, conjt jj],
ceffions and denials, another fuddeii akeracion hapldailj
pened, which threw the King from the height of holand
nour to the loweft condition, for fome fearing theivaih
might be in danger if the King vYcre reftored to hllcroi
Tlirone, contrived to take him away quite, whilftans
others were as earnefi: for re-advancing him, fo tha';
things were brought to no iflue before Cromvvels re dfle
turn, who had now the thanks of the Houfe give'CoJl,
him by the Speaker, for his prudent conduff of afjflurl
fairs in Scodmd. At the fame time feveral petit|con(l
ens were prefented to the Parliament, and fome itviolc
General Fa.rfax, That whoever had offended again|Vote
the Common-wealth, no perfons excepted, might 1
brought to fpeedy Juftice, that the fame fault mi
have the fame punilhment in the perfon of K.oe Lot
as in the perfon of the poorefl Commoner: Thatfui
as fpeak or aft on the Kings behalf, till he be acqui
ted of fhedding innocent blood, be proceedf
againffas Traytors, Sc.
'i
rm
cr I
rem
ind
:Whoi
The firft petition of this kind was prefented to tl^ons
parliament. Sept n. the Title was, ' To the moffeize
' Honourable the Commons of England affcrabled ifcufe
' Parlianftnr, The humble petition of many tho^r ii
^ fands of weil-aifefted men in the Cities of Londifeer,
'and Weftminfter, iti the Burrougb of South warped i
'and the neighbouring Villages Inhabitants. Titievv j
petition which broke the Ice, was in a month f<f recei
lowed by feveral others, from divers Counties 'tfon:
England, and from ievera! Regiments of the Artnf the
as from dxford, Leicefler, from many comraandf a ch
in the Army, from Iretons and Ingolsbys Regime"' s brc
the defign ofall bcingche fame, ^ That Jaftice mig' c
' be done on the chirf Authors »f fo much Bio"' 'ntj i
'ilic
i:ccd'
cca
hap-
f h'o:
chej
: Oliver Cromwcl. 4t
PS his|« (bed in England, and that thofe who had been rai-''
slledii'fcrs of this fecond War, and vrerenow in the Par-
with!" liaments cuflody, Hamilton, Holland, Capel, Go- \
' ring, and the refl, might be puniih'd, and efpeci-
'ally the King himfelf, &c. Thefe petitions were '•
daily prefented to the Parliament durifig the Treaty, 5
and by them laid afide; but at laft thefe defires pre-
ivailed, efpecially after the Remonflrance of Fairfax,
0 WlCromwel and ithe General Council of Officers at St. Al- '
wbil|bans, ofNov. ii. 1648. j
1 thalj tljg fanae time Cromwcl fent Cpll. Ewer to the '
ls_ rejfle of Wight, to take the King out of the cufiody of '
givei^ojl. Hammond at Newport, and to confine him to
tf afjflurft Caftle rill further Order, and this without
(Ctitf confcnt of the Parliament i and thus the Treaty was
me ttviolently broken off, though the Houfe of Lords
gaini Voted, That the Kings Conceffions were a fuffici-
;htl) eiit ground of peace, and the major part of the
mJ Commons did the fame. But Cromwel and the
Lor Army being now come to London, refolvc to bin-
,tfu( der the fame, and difcharge the Trained Bands
cqui from guarding the parliament, Collonel Prides
sedt «»nd Riches Regiments fupplying their rooms, by
jwhom above forty Members of the Houfe of Corn-
to tl nions^ as they were coming to the Houfe, were
: mo feized and made prifoners. Nay further, they ac-
ed vufe M. G. Brown, and above Ninety Members,
tho^r inviting the Scots into England the laft Sum-
andoyner, and therefore defired they might be exclu-
warmed the Houfe, which being done, and the Houfe
Tijtevv njodclled, they Voted, 'That no raeffage be
1 fo| received from the King upon pain of High Trea-
les I'lfon: That Fairfax and the Army take care of
yrm) the King, and that the Council of War draw up
mdti a charge againft him, Dec. ig. 1548. The King
neflj 5 brought from Hurfi Cafllc to Windfor, and
migi 're Commons declare the Oaths of Supremacy
[loC lad Allegiance to be void, and that it is Treafon
'fli£ ®
Ih
? ft
f
i'»i
. a
■I
ifl
' j;ii;
il;
i •»!
w
'k
k
, .ij
t-il
N'"'.,
, i^'i
42 . The Htfiory of
fofr the King c6 levy War againfl the Common-tvealth,!
but the Lords 'deny that the King can commie anj
Treafon agairifl the Cofmnon-wealch, and rejoS tht
Oretinartcefel- his TByaf by a new Tribunal, iWhicH
they had-erefted tocbnfiftof one hundred afid 'flftj
ComnMilioRtrs, i]3cwhem5f were oftheLor(is'H(»u(e|
the jreft Officers ef the Aimy, and fame few Citizens
And tiie Gommobs further declare, ^ That the fteopla
' under God; dre theori^nal of all jiifl power, an(
• that the Commons of England being the peopii
' Reprefehtative, havte the fupreafti Anthori^, .am
• -'whati they -Etiaft has theforee of a Law,' thoH§l
' the Houfe of LortH do tiSfCoBfent thereto. Itpoi
.flfefe and "feVeral other ne* political principles, thdj
proceed to Ttyj Judge, Cttndemn' anrf'iExecuce tlij
King, befobe^his own palaee-gatd ac White-Hall, Jar
gci 1548. ' ' "
- But having already phblifhed a Booky called, ' Tl
"' Wart of Englatid, S^otlantl rand Ireland, where
^ is an exaS' r-elatignfof tte'Kings Tryal, with tl
'• Reiltyns he wnuM fiavc otfebed agsinft the ptietem
• ect Jurisditffien of their ' COurf of Juflice, and 1
' iaft fpeechdrtille time pf hisfufferingt I fhall P
fef the Reader Wfhat, "and'tvholly omit it here.
Tlie fatalblo^ being given, the remainder oft'
Htsufe of Cornmbns, anS the Army, made it &
dene, -that they were nOc only for cutting off tl
IRiig. feut Kingl^fe reifj'^'andrthereupon thettw
•Voted, 'That Kingly Govefnine-nt is untiedeffary bi
' dcrifo'hie atttfckmKroJiSi ftfid that Whereas fevei
• pretences might '9e made to the CroVth, that
' perfon who ftibiild proclaim Charles Stewart, Soa
' the late King, or aniy other,'Kin^ 6f EffgUi
' fhoald faffer as in Cafe of High Treafbt).
foon after the Hoflfe of Lords 'was likewifa Vol
ufelcfs and dangefoas,' at which the Lords were
highly Inceriftd|'mac a'Declaratbn Wis fuddst
ibliffied idi the-Naitie of all thd Peers and -Barons
,ame
wlic
met
not!
Batt
rout
toft
jahB,
c anj
t iht
ifbich
'fifo
l0u(c
izens
;Opl«
opK
..•sm
Oliver Crofflwd, 4Ji
tnglandi againft* cUe proceetfitigs of the Colmmonf
and indcfiatrce of 'all Votes, AiJfs and Qryers co'thtj
contrary, CharfAthc fecofld Was proclaiTiied King;j.'
in the Name t)f 411 the Nohility, Gentry and Com-i
mohalty of the Kingdom •, but , they fttll proceed^,
affuining newEnfigfis of Sdveraignty, and cancelling ,
-the old, caufing'all Write, Conimiffiohs, fee, tc*.
iflue out,under a rieW ftyle ahd title, that is, The|-.
P 1 Keepers of the Liberties of England by the atrtho-|'
rity of parliaraenti' cadfing the'old Great Sdal to be]'
broken,-and a new bnd "made with this Irircriptiofi,}
ut In the fifth year of freedom, by Gods bleffing rdftb-
l?j^ 'red. At>d foon after they " puHed'dov\n the Kings!
3'Arms ill 411 places; and his Statue at Guild-Hall, and|
Z il'the. Royal Exchanged' A' Council of State was con-
|-fiituted offorty, and Bfadfhaw made prcfident, and
> J the GoiincBJof'Adratatcrs of the Army, wlro had 1
been fo Inftrumeiltal in the late Revdlufidhs, Svasi
HOW diiToIved, who foon after petfcioSed the 'Ltofd I
^h'^rl thole that fubfcribed ir, Were by a CiDjni- s
*• cil of War Ordered "to ride with their fa ids to the j
1 before their Regiments,with their criir.^ j
^ on their brfeafts, to have' their fwords broken c5\ier
. their headsj and to be cafhier'd the arin^, whtdi
much provoked their f!i:Rownoofd[ier5, fo ihi:c u
vvhile-afrer,'the Arrfiy'RendeVotizing at'Wafe, fevc-
ral Regimdflh, in perfuanii "oF'the forhier yfetition
C 'ft'herein they complain of iiredfing Hlegal Courts t^f
,Iuftice, and trying the f/ee'people of England %
Martial Law, "with divefs'other gfievaricesj' wore
wbite cob n their Hats,' to diftinguifh themfelves
among w I k «sCromwels own Regiment bf Horfe,
'"ho having irdcice of ity ordered" tvgb dther Regi-
Wetits, from femdte Rafters to be there, ithoknew
uothing of the Intftgue, and beihg all dr^wn up in
Battalia, CromWel with a Froivning cotjhtWrip'ce rides
found, and fuddehly comnhands thdfe two Regi'ihents
to rurroiinda Regiment of Foot, and then -calls font
oft'
It €'
iff
LlW
ry bi
fevci
tt
Soa
rfgUii
Ai
■ Vol'
were
,.ddS!
irons
^;;44
7 he Hiftory of
V7er
reac
icy 1
'elvi
It
u
13^
ij
li
•i|.
nica by their Names out of the body, and with hfe
own, hands put them in cuftody of 'the Marfhal, in
ftantly fummoning a Council of War, while their
adherents fecretly put their white colours in their
pockets, and were aftonilhed at the afiion : Thefe
four were tryed and found guilty, but had the favour
to caft lots for their lives, whereby the two principal
Mutineers efeaped, and the two ignorant fellows
were (hot to deatii upon the place, in the view o(
the whole Army. Thefe now had the Name of Le-
veliers given them, and one Lockier was afterward
fhot to death for promoting a paper, called, The Inc'^ '
gagement and Agreement of the people, See. irP' ^
St,Pauls Church-yard, and his Funeral wasartendee^ ?
by above one thoufand of the Lilburnian Fa^ion, alff F'
wearing black and Sea-green Ribbons, the Army he ^
ing BOW in a violent ferment, and even ready to de
flroy one another, which humour was cherilhed b) 'P°'
John Lilburn, nor without incouragement from tin 1
ivin
mp;
ting
out
■pef
lard
Royal party, who from their divifions hoped to
advantage.
In perfuance hereof, Collonel Scroops Regiment o:
(lice
Horfe difmiffed their OfScers at Salisbury, and witl
colours flying marched to join Harrifons, Iretons and ' 5
Skippons Regiments, who by the contrivance o( tlK ^
Agitators, were all ingaged in the fame defigns ^
This defeftionjeeraing of very dangerous conft
quence, Gen. Fairfax and Cromwel, with his owi ?
Regiment, marched to Alton, and had advice tb ^ P
Mutineers were gone to Abington, after whom Crom
wel made fuch hade, that in one day he marche
forty miles, and having met with them, he politickl
propofed a Treaty before Harrifons Regiment (houii j n '
join them, wherein ail parties (hould receive fatif '
faflion, and chat nether of them (honld keep at te ^ .
miles diflance ; upon which, the Levellers went K
Burford, and bciug oppofed by the Souldiery '
New-bridge, to prevebt Quarrels' they west a littC J®'
lc«yc'
fifte:
rhefc
IVOUt
cipal
I lows
■v? of
f Le.
war
Olivrcr Crqtnwel. 45
li liii doubting but they fhould all join upon
I jj,. reaty, and then put moft of their Horfcs to grafs,
their above nine hundred, confifting of
their Troops entire, of thebeflinthe Array, and
Sving a guard of about fixty men, forne of their
mpanions, who were brought over to Cromwel,
ring Intelligence of their poflure, Coll. Reynolds,
out midnight, rulht into their Quarters, they intic
pcfting fuch rough treatment, and feizing th®
lards, cook the greatefl part of the reft either
eep or drinking, together with nine hundred
j'jJj^rfe, and four hundred prifoners, whereof Thoinp-
jji, and two more, only were Executed, Cornet
declaring fuch forrow, that he was reprieved at
a alf which their fellows beheld
mthe Leads of the Church,-and were told, That
0 de fhouid die, but Cromwel
d b) pardoning of them, which was agreed
jj,i I and cheyfent totheir own Honfcs. This proved
' utter fuppre.Tion ot that Faftion, and rcndred
: Army wholly at the devotion of Cromwel.
mto another illegal High Court of
will erected, wherein Duke Hamikon, she
sani Holland, Lord Capel, and Lord Goriug,
I'l th to their Trial, the three firft were con-
■ftgns beheaded at the Palace-ysrd in Weffe.
;o\ife ® proclamation was publifhcd, decia-
1 owi p'^^ Kirgdoo! of England to be a free State, and
e thi '^^cynoidfon was commaiided to proclaim
IroU which he refufing, was committed to
rche and a new Lord Mayor was chofeii by 3
• i.h ^niOn HalL whr» toirVi Af_
cicWl
houl
fatii
actt
cnt
-ry
li«f
men Hall, who attended with feveral otlier Al-
;®en of the fame temper, readily proclaimed the
'fts of this new Republick in feveral pkces in the
^gland being thus fubjefted to the power of the
"le of Commons and the Army, and Scotland
' yet ripe for lava! on, and th« Natieofull of Soul-
® diers.
4^
The Hifiory of
® dierS) who having for fo long
■ ■
time led a
could hardly be reduced to their former Injlcdg
.ployments; Our nev States-men, to prevent aifii-s c
ill humours that might gather among them, refoisto
ved to make them fcrviceable to their Country in ttr o
reduftion of Ireland, all that Kingdom, excefanri
Dublin and London-derry, beinginpoffe/fion of tiere
Irifh, whicli neither were able to hold out vvitholit tl
fpeedy affifiance from England, This RebellioRcht
the moft barbarous and bloody'that ever happenii, vs
upon earth, afted by Devils in humane fhape, ratlif flioi
than men, butchering two hundred thoufand protSrren
•fiatlcs in eight weeks fpace, without the leaft ctfenihd ci
or provocation given, or without fparing of age torn c
Tex, was perpetrated Qft. 25. 1541. and thouienct
contrived fo ftcretly, and afted fp furioufly, 5]
was Dublin wonderfully preferved to be a refuge
thofe poor proceffants who efcaped the rage of tb
bloody perfecutors. Many of them fled to Englanj
but found little felkf, for here all things feemed
forebode tliere-afting the.fame Tragedy, yet ini!
midfl; of the differences betwecti the King and
iiaraent, it was agreed to fend fome Regiments 11
therj'if polTible, to hinder the progrefs of thi
ns.
epai
tter;
Ick t
'omil
id to
iurn<
me <
uce
Aflaifines but this relief was fo fmall that it hadlmma
incip
f
lity
mtoi
The
3 Ch(
cffeft, for the King finding the parliament pre
againft him, recalled thofc Troops from Irelai
many of the Rebels coming along with them to
affifiance, fo that this Kingdom lay moreexpofed
tfaefe bloody Wolves than ever, and , thus theyci
iSEued for forae years-
Bat this nevy ftate having renounced Monart blin,
and Epifcopacy, refolve now to ufe the fame luirii
ftruments to recover Ireland, and to that end tf t up,
ordered an Araiy to be fent thither. The Marq# infi
®f Ormond was made Lord-Lijutcnanc by the ' "Jy <
and the Rebelsnad made a confederacy '".to
- afeefflfclves, and upon Gondition to have the free' mitic
ct'
Ij Oliver Cromwel. , 4>):
iliraicifc of their Religion, and divers other amWe.pri^ •
■r lilledges and advantages, which the neceffity of af-
at ailirs obliged him to yield to, they joined their Tor-
reftis to his, being alfo affifted by a confiderable nuo-
in t4r of others, raifed by the Earls of Caftlehaven,
;xce|anrickand, and the Lord Inchiquin, fo that they
>f tljere the greateft united firength in that Kingdom f
itho it the confederates having broken their Article*
ellio ith the Lieutenant, and being ready to befiege Dab-
peni 3, which he was not able to defend, rather than
ratli fhould fall into the hands of the Irifh papifts, he
proi rtendred it to Collonel Jones for the parliament,
ffenod came over to the King, who was then carried
jge fom one place to another by the Army, and from ,
louience lac went over to Prince Charles then at
y, itris. But the Confederates, furprize.i at the great
age reparations made againfl them in England, fenc
f till xtcrs to the Prince, humbly intreating him to fend
glat ck the Marqucfs of Ormond, with an abfoluce
led omife to fubmit entirely to the Kings Authority,
in I d to obey his Lieutenant. At their requeft, he
d p turned into Ireland about a year' before Cromwel
•,s ti me over, and with their united Forces they had
tlijduced the whole Country, except London-derry,
lad mmanded by,'^ir Charles Coot, and Dublin, the
rev< iiicipal City, wherein was Collonel Jones wirh no
elai flrength, and who was very jeakms of the fi-
to lity of his own men, that often deferred and
fed flc over to the other party,
y c( The Irifh confederates, with an Army of twenty
Uhouland men, lay under the very Walls of
Win, and fenc divers threacning funvnons into ir^
ne iuiring a fpeedy furrender, but they had ao cf-
1 d t upon the valiant Govcrnour Jones, wlio yet
rq» t infcnfible of the great danger he was in, fent
e 1 'Jjy carncfr MelTages to the parliatrtent cf Eng-.
nn< 'u.to aid him with all fpeed, with Kien and Atn-'
eef 'Bition, or dfc ill would be quicitlv loft, and
etc| - 1-1
4S
7 he Hijlory of
th'CT jiOpwini; the difficul.ies of Iiis conditio
! hancn'their cffifiance to him, gave order for fen
ing thither Iretons, Scroops, Hortons, and Lai
hcrv Regiments of Horfe, with Hewfons, Deal
Sr/ers, and Ceoks Regiments of Foot, and
-Troops ot Dragoons, all old tried Souldiers,
feared no Enemy, and led by viftorious coramandei
■with fome other Regiments new lifted, to makt
muinher fufiicient to effcft the buftnefs. Nothi
guc
er tl
Ai
Dr (
ruici
ppo
tidl,
ich
was now wanting but a General to command
jallaiic Army, which the parliament being fenfiblc
Cromwels conduft and fitncfs, defired him to Iny 1
cept, jyhich he readily did, declaring at the fai nci
her
'ard
•thne, ' That he did not doubt but God would idred
< him as an Inftrumcnt to execute his vengeance iftner
* on the bloody Irifti; with which anfwer the parlfirft
ili'd
ijjicnt were fo .gleafcd,that inftantly they give hiii
commifllion to be General of all their Forces, a leir
Lord Governout both in the Civil and Military
iairs of Ireland, and Collonel Jones was ma
fieutenanc-Gencral of the Jlorfe. After whil
ley
larq
«hcy inarch to their Rendevouz at Milford in Wal )g
met
ave
ut
«fld July 10. id4p. Cromwel Let forward fri
tendon in a Coach and fix Horfes, attended w
■snany of the Houfe of commons, cpuiicil of Sti me
and principal Officers of the Army^ with a Li
Guard of fourfcorc who ha4 been lately cc
nianders, very gallantly accoutred. In this ftatefoner
«iarch'd to Brainford, where thefe Gentlemen tc
«b«k leaves, with wiflies for his happy fucce jtioi
from thence he rides port to Briftol, to put his n le ,
and Train of Artillery into the Tranfporc-fii lent]
and afterwairfs goes into Wales, having fent Reym ;tn^
iRegiment of Horfe, and Venables, and Monks R rere
^encs of Foot before from Chefter, who with a eiyj,
' wind foon arrived at Dublin, to the great joy of j Kj]
Mhabstants, being about three thoufand in all, * loUc
mm v«y <mfia recorer them from theju (j
idicioi
r feti
1 Lai
Deal
id ■ fii
rs, till
.andei
make!
Oliver Cromwel. 49
guesof th-e Sea, in hopes by their means to reco-^
|er their Liberties.
And in this they found thenifelves not minaketr^.
3r Cellonel Jones, much animated with thefe re-
rnits, refolvedto attack the befiegers with the firfi:
pportunicy, and accordingly, Aug. 2. when the
tifli, with a flrong party of Horfeand Foot, marched
.Jj'ith much affurance to Baggot-field, a little way
^othijaflward from the city, coward the Sea, fron?,
nd tf hence they dcfigned to run their Trenches to-
ifiWefcardsthe Works of the city, to prevent the landing
CO Iny more fupplies from England, the bcfieged found
le faiji ncceffity to prevent them, and with twelve nun-
uld idred Horfe, and four thoufand Foot, fell spon the
ace cjEnemiesnew Works, and rout their Horft at the
paclfirfl encounter, naoft of the Foot being alfo either
bin ill'dorflain, confiftingof fifteen hundred, befidcs
cs, a leir Horfe, which fo incouraged the Englifh, that
ary ley purfued their viiflory to Rathunines, where the
IS ma Jarquefs of Ormond wifh his whofe Army of
whi ineteen thoufand men were Incaraped, who hear-
Wai ]g Qf vvifhcd they would come, chat he mighr
i fr( avefomefporc wish them \ he foon had his wjfh,
•d vj uc the fport was fomewhat rude, for in a fhort;;
t Sta iine Army ^^35 utterly put to the rout, four thou.*
a Li ind being {lain upon thefpot. and in theparfuit
f cc (ij tyyg [houfand five hundred and feventeen prV»
moft perfons of Quality, with the Ma-r?-
"■"Il'cdes own brother, all their Cannon and Ammi*.
ucce ition, with a wealthy Camp, became the reward of
his n ie conquering Souldiers, who made thenifelves
irt-fh lentlemen with the fpoils of the vasquifhed. It is
ieyni smarkable, that not above twenty of the Englifh.
KS R' rereflain in this great aftion. Tlie Marqucfs per-
icha eiving all was loft, fled with a confiderable party
y 01 3 Kilkenny, and from thence to Dfogheda, whither
alb * 'Ollonel Jones, withfome Horfe, was marched with
the \[ jQ hopes that the news of this dck:iz
C 2 niieh.c
les,
50 The Hijiary of
mijhc caufe thetn to furrender, but when he ho
that Orsnond, with tliree hundred Horfe, was ca lis I
to re-inforce it, he went hack, while the Marqui ior:
fortifies Dundalk, Trim, and feme other places a nad
jacent to Tredagh, hoping to prefcrve what he h sbc
by the rtrengch of his Troops, and to have an An ind
ef Foot ready before Cromwels arrival: But he k nan
ving Intelligence of this great Viffory, being tli if F
ar Milford-Haven in Wales, he inhancly failed then bul
with the Van of his Army in thirty two Tranfpo hot
Oups, and Ireton with the main body in forty tt not
more •, Hugh Peters with about twenty fail followiK)re\
them, and having a fair wind, they all foon arrivfand
at Dublin, and- were received with all figns of
and fatisfaflion, and efpecially the new Lord Goveipou
hour Cronjwcl, whom the people crowded to beholftea
and who obferving their zeal and kiadnefs, putti ged
off his Hat, lie fpake to t hem to this effeft, ' Tti
as God had brought him thither in fafety, fd ton
doubted not, but by the divine affiftance, to 1
ftore them to all their jufl: Rights, Liberties
Properties, and that all thofe vvhofe hearts and
feftioDs were real for carrying on the great wot
againft the barbarous and blood-thirfty Itifh ai
their adherents and confederates, and that wci
for propagating the Gofpel of Chrifl, the ell
like
Cro
fed
bea
Sou
hue
Sou
m2(
blifhingof truth and peace, and rcfiioring tl# beii
" bleeding Nation to its former happinels. and trat
' quility, fhould find favour and protcftion from tl
Parliament of England and himfelf, and fhoul
^ likewife receive fuch endowments and gratuities
' were faica'jle to their merits. This fpeech wi
received witli the approbation and acclamations
the people, many of whom declared, That tla
would live and dye with him.
The Army being all landed and refrefhed, CroU
. wel publifhes a proclamation againfl fwearing, cuj
fingj aad ciriinkenaefs, under chc n»ofl fcverepenal
tici
furi
the!
obf
of,
Tot
thai
liav
pul
fou
anc
the
■ Oliver Crotnwel. f t
■ ha ies, and laving fettled matters in Dublin, he mufiers
■ coi lis Army, which then confided of filteen thouland
irqui lorfe and Foot well accoutred, out of whom he
:es 1 nade a detachment of about ten thoufand, with
hs k vliom, and a fine Train of Artillery, Ammunition
I Arn ind provifions, he marches to Drogheda, com-
he k Tianded by Sir Arthur Afhton, formerly Governour
? til if Reading and Oxford, and an expert and valiant
thai buldier, the Garrifon confiding in about three
nfpo hiaUfand Horfe and Foot, modEnglifli. After fum-
T t' noning the Town, which was dighced, Cromwcl
lowii )repares all nccefTaries to befiege it, Sir G. Ayfcough
irriy'and his fquadron in the mean time blocking it up by
of i'^a, and the white flag was taken down, the red dc-
jovtjnouncing blood and dedruftion being difplayed in its
ehql dead, which yet did not much difcourage the bede-
luttj ged, who expeffed relief from Ormond, and had
Th llkewife abfolutely determined among themfelves to
fo conquer or dye, which they did quickly afrcr 5 for
Croffiwel without making Trenches or Ditches, rai-
fed a drong battery of Cannon againd it, which fpot»
heat down a Church-deeple and a Tower, on the
South of tire Town, and upon throwing two or three
hundred Balls more, the comer T«wcr between the
South-ead Wall was levelled, and fuch a breach
made, that three Regiments of Foot entrcd_, it not
being large enough for the Horfe, but met with fuch
furiousbppoifition from thebefieged, that they forced
them back fader than they came on, which Cronnvel
houl obferving from the batcery, he with a frefh fupply
of Coilonel Ewers Foot, enters in perfon into the
Town, whofe prefetice fo incouraged the fouldiers,
that nothing was able to dand before them, fo that
having fecured the Town, to revenge their late re-
palfe, they cut off all they met vvich, yet Aditons
fouldiers defperately oppofed them at every corner,
and when not able to clcfend the drcets, retreated to-
the Churchcs-dceples, and other fccuritics, but the-
e 4 allailanf
0 1
s ai
nd
wprl
1 ag
wei
eiij
til
trai
m [1
ICS
I Ml
)iiS
tht
rofl
CUi
en.ll
t'0
5 2 The Hpflory of
affailants perfaed them with utmofi rage, and w
Gun-powder blew up an hundred of them who «
got into St. Peters rteeple, only one efcaping,
by the fall broke his leg, and had Quarter given hi
Others refufed to yield upon fummons, and w
thereupon kept fo long from Viftuals, that they w(
forced to furrender; after which, moff of the 0
cers, with every tenth fouldier, was put to
Sword, and the reft fent to Barbadoes, Sir Art',;
A/hton being flain among the reft, Cromwel
thefe fevcfe execirions defigning to terrify otl
places from making any oppofition, which had ft
effeft, that in alhort time he wholly conquered r
Kingdom. And thus was this ftrong Garrifon»
duced and plundered in fcvendays, which the Itj
were three years e're they could take. j
Dundalk and Trim expefting no better QuarB
the Souldiers deferted them with fuch precipitatic
that they left all their caanon behind: In the la
fixed upon their carriages; and the Englifti revolt
fo faft to the conqueror, that Ormonds Forces inert
fed very little, fo that he durft not ingage Cromwi
hut endeavoured fo hinder them from having pro'
iions. Upon which, the General refolved to maB
Weftward, and affault Wexford, puttifig a Garrili
joro Killingkerrick near Dublin, which had been
Icrted by the Enemy, together with Arkloe-ca;
one of the feats of the Family of Ormond, and fev
ral other fmall places which furrendred to him ;
length he came before Wexford, and fumraoncd
j-.tjf ^vnnnr nol-rTrUlv
ivl:
th<
w
fca
int
th(
nn
leti
Sw
foi
Tc
tui
or
Lc
in
Bo
coi
VCJ
rill
but the GovernourCollonelSynnoc politickly rreatt
about terms, till he was re-iaforced with five hundn
Poor, under the Ear! of Caftlehaven, and tht
fcem'd to defie any attack: Whereupon, Crora«'
prsfcntly plants a battery againft the caftle at tl
kiuth-caft end of the Town, as being of great coi
fequence to the gaining it, and had not plaid Id
soon it, before the Governour furrenderi it,
' [
' t
' f
He
grt
To
the
it I
di.
Cr(
Co:
for
Co
ant
nd V
10 w
cn h!
d IV
:y w(
he 0
to I
Art!:
ivel
■ oti
td ft
red r
fan j
c Ir!
uarti
catit
e Is
void
incre
)mw
pro'
mad
rrili
cn d
cafil
I i
ed
read
ndrf
rh)
imvv
K tt
: CO'
loi
f,
hi'
Oliver Cromwel.
which the fouldiers having poffeffionj and lhewing|.!
themfelves to the Town, affrighted them from the
Walls, which they foon perceiving, ifl aa inflanc
fcaled the Walk without much reffftance, and-enrting
into the Town, cut off all that were in Arms, till
they came to the Market-place, where the enemy|!
niade aftand, and fought it out to the laft, but acf
length were fubdued, and all in Arms put to thcf':
Sword. - !■
This Sea-port being taken, which was convenienc'
for fupplies, the Viftors march to Rofs, another Sea;
Town, confiderable for ffrength acd trade, and fci-«
tuace on the River Barrow, where a Ship of fevenij,^
or eight hundred Tun might ride by the Wail ; tlje^r '
Lords of Ormond, CafHehaven and Ards were thef^'
in perfon, having brought fifteen hundred men fSi
Boars CO re-inforce it, in fight of the Engliffi, wlioi
could not prevent it: Cromwel fummons the Go-i
yernour M. General Twaff to a rendition, by affu- i
fiiig him, ' That fince his coming into Ireland, :
' ever avoided theeffufion of Blood, having bcetr j , '
' before no place where he did not firft fend diem | , I
' fuch Terms as might have prercrve<i ihein,
' that upon the fame account he required hrmto-;!'
' furrender tile Town to the parliament of England.''
He received no recurrr, till a battery of fix or feveir''
great cannon, which played furioufly upon the-!;.
Town, mollified the Goverpour, fo that to prevent: i'
the danger other places h/d incurred, he delivered''i'i
it up upon condition to march away with bag aad'iii'i
baggage to Kilkenny, which fifteen hundred of them- ^V;
tiidj bat fix liunrlrcd being Engiifh, join-ed with'.;. .
Cromwel. Acwhich time Bandon-bndge,. Youglia!< iu;,
Cork, Kinfale, and other Garrifons, freely declare'^;!
for the parliament; and in the North: Sir. Charles |f,
L^oot, and Collone! Veiiables, fucceeded .'as well, !' :
®d lb did L. Brc^hill, and Ctilloncl Hewfon i« I
«lier parts..
G s- Cfoxt
affir
was
vifi(
cafl
tern
m
Ihoc
thin
mel'
T
54 The Nijfory of
Cromwel having taken Rois, by a bridge of boa:
over.the River marched his men to befiege Dungar thai
noHj a ftrong Fort commanded by Coil. Wogan, bi
having little hope of reducing it quickly, they rii
and march to Kilkenny, where the Marq^uefs (
Ormond and L. Inchiquecn declare they vvoirld figt
him, being muc^ftronger than Cromwel, yet upo of
his approach retreated without aftlon; vvhcreupi (ii
Knifieoge'and Carrick were taken without lofsof '
snian, and the General marches to Waterford (takii
Padage-Fortby the wayj hoping to reduce ic befo
y /inter, but k being Decenmer, and very wet, tl
Souldiers were put into Winter-Quarters till tfcCro
Spring-. During which, the Irifh attempted to rijfent
gain I'affage Fort, by a party from Waterford, b|van.
' Collonel Zankey meeting them, put them to tl eaft
rout, killing many, and making three hundred at mot
fifty prifoners. At this time Lieutenant Genet he
. Jo^s dyed of a violent Fever at Dungannon, an te a
jthoughkwere Winter, yet Cromwel vifited alj tl SUjc
CSarrifons in Munfter, and received great Reciui fliot
from England, many of his Souldiers and Office :ron
dying.by ficknei's, and put a new Mayor into Kinfal whic
the forsyer being an Irifh papift. The latter ench dace
, Eebtuary, Cromwel again marches three thoufai Ing
. of his men out orYoitghall toinlarge tlieirQua tanm
ters, and cakes in Ktlkc^my-Caftle near Lymeric ked
with Cloghen-houfe, and Roghil-cafllc, and fordii J-,vet
. the River Tcwer with rttuch danger, comes to Fe fed,
ther'd, where one- Butler was Governour of tl 3thei
Garrifon, and about ten at Night fummons the To« Trea
with a Trumpet, which wasdifregarded at firft, b ief;
fearing a Iform, k. "was furrendred upon conditl iad
rhey jhoiiid march out \vich their Arms. Frb >o b
'ftenctjjiafter being rcfrelhed, tliey march to Callyt inilh
uboaiiStx tniles off Kilkenny, which had three Caill ivhic
in the Town, and were ftorm'd and taken one aft vas r
aaotiie!:, and all in arms put to the fword, which xh
affrighii
ey ri|'
uefe
dfigli
Dfs of
Oliver CromweT.
afFrighte'd theni thac'defended a Houfc near the Town !
ungiiilthac they defired liberty to go to Kilkenny, whicl
in, bi|\vas granted. The Ibuldiers^. ell fitrniib d with prO''
ivilions here, returned to Feathered, raking the
icaftles of. Knoftover and Bullyward by the way, Kil-^
tertnon, Arfenvon, Cober, and Dundrum, places;^
t upJof good ftrength, foon after running the fame fate
■"snpiw m taking of the laft of which, Coll., Zancfeey wasf .
phot through the hand^ fo that there remained no-'
^cakiJthing unconquered but Kilkenny, Galloway, Clon-;
'"■^"Imell, Waterford a ;d Lynierick.
J Thefe were places of confiderable flrcngth, bnc^
ill tfcromwel rcfolves to attack Kilkenny firft, andhavingk,
to tWent for more Forces, he camejto the Town of Go-^'
d, bi van, which was populous and fortified with a flron^l
to tl eaflle, but the Goveraour refufing to obey his funn-
edat mens, was forced to furreilder upon hard TermSy
Jeno ;he fouldiers to have their Lives, and the Ofificers to*;
a, an k at difcretion ; Hammond the Governour, his
all tl Vlajor, and all the other ComrailTion-Officers, were, ,
eciiii hot to death, and the popifh chaplain hanged. .,
Dfficc :tomwel nest proceeds to the fiege of Kilkenny^
linfal which was full of Officers and Souldiers from other ,,
end! places, and the Govetnour Sir Walter Butler refu-j;
oufat ing to furrender, the Lord Governour caufed the* :
QU'i cannon to play, which had not thrown one hun-
neriC tted fhot e're a breach was made, and Collonel '
ordii Swcrs wirh a rhoufand Foot, though at firft repul- ,,
:o Fe "ed, gained the Irifti Town, and tlte Suburbs on tlte- f.l
of tl Pther fide the River, which caufed the Governour tq
:To« Treat upon Terms, fince he could not hope for re-
fi, b ief •, and cheQarrifon in Cautnell-caflle, whom he
iditii liac) feijt to allift him, defired pafies of Crcmwel to>
Ffb >0 beyond Sea, fo that the capitulation was quickly
ally' inilhcd, and that confiderable City of Kilkenny,.
Cam which had been the feat of the fupream council,,
e ail vas reduced in fix days time,
kich The Marquefs of Ormoad, and other chief com-
■ight# ^
'!fi
55 Ths Hifiory of
, raanders, obferving the unfuccesfulncfs of their dt
ligns, confulced with the Gentlcraen of Wefimeai
at Baltemore, how to oiasiage their affairs with mo«
ten
thai
the
advantaee for the future, but finding their own In: "i'
til
ma
anc
biiicy, fothe were tor an accommodation with
Engiiih, but others doubting whether they migl
obtain pardon or good terms, it was concluded
do the greatelt mifchief they could to theEngiilh
their Quarters, till they had opportunity tocfcaf
out of the country.
Cromwel after this beficges Clonmell, a flroi
Garrifon, wherein were one hundred and tweni
Horfe, and two thoufand Eoot .• During which, coli
Reynolds ahd Hewfon befiege Trim, and the Lot
Brogliill defeats the BiQiop of Rofs, who with fit
ihom'and defigned to relieve Clonmell, killing few
hundred, caking twenty Officers, and the Bifiii
hiinftlf, with the Standard of the church of Mm
fter, and carrying him to a caftle defended by tl
Bifhops Forces, hangs him before the Walls in tlit
fight, which fo terrified them that they foon furre
dred. Thefe fucceffes incouraged the befiegers
Clonmell, wherein were many gallant foaldiers s
commanders, and great unanimity; but Cromwell
kife no more time, prefcndy batters it with his cai
BotJ, which opened a breach whereat the fouldic
enter, but were repulfed with the ucraofi fury,
that the fuccefs was doubtful for four hours, an^
great carnage,made, till at length the Iriffi are ford
to quit the place, and -betake themfclves to fii|
whom tlis viftorious fouldiers perfucd with reveng
fuDminds, and made a dreadful (laughter. Ti
was this confiderable place reduced, though wi
greater Icfs than ordinary to the Englifli, where
i^y found the ftouceft enemy they ever met
Ireland.
Cromwel having thus in ten months time, perfori
e^more than mj PriiKe-before was .aWeto do
Oli\rer Cromwel. 5:7 ,1'
ten years, in fubduing an obftinace bloody enemy i
that defpaired of pardon, and the'-efore fought with
the greater animoficy ; and there now remaining :
unreduced only Lymerick, Waterford, and feme
few other inconfiderable Garrifons, to- which fervicc
migl Irecon was appointed, whont the Lord Govetnour f
made Lord Deputy. He takes his leave of Ireland,'
and altera ftormypalfagelands at Brifiol, where he
was received with acclamations, and the difcharging .
of the cannon, and haftens from thence to London,
being met at Hounflow by General Fairfax, feveral
Members of parliament, and Officers of the Army,
with malticudes of fpeflacors, who came to fee him.
of whom they had heard (itch great matters; where [■
after mutual falutacioas and congratulations he pro-'
ceeds,, and is falixed near Hyde-park with feme'
Field-pcces, and Volleys of frnall fhot, by Collonel
Barklltads Regiment, drawn up in the High-way for
that purpofe, and after condudfed to the Cock-pit
near Sc. James's,prepared for his reception, where he
is viiiteti by the Lord Mayor and Aldermen of Lon- '
don, and other perfons of equality, all cxpreffing the ':
fence of their obligations. Soon after he took his, I
place in parliament, and received the thanks of the :
Hottfe from the Speaker, and then gave them a full:
account of the prefent condition of Ireland. .
Ac this time Virginia, and the Caribbee Idandsj;
revolt from the parliament, and cry up the Monar- j i
cliy and Liturgy, who thereupon prohibit all -Nationi i.
to Trade with them, and in a few tnontlis they are:'
wholly fubdued by a Fleet fetitthftber under 5ir G ' i
Ayfcough. Prince Rupert infefts the Englifh Coaft:,'
from Scilly, Jerfey, Ireland and France, with th<
Scares revolted Ships, to the great lofs of the Mer|
chants, whereupon a Fleet well equipcis fee ford
againfl him, who block him up in Kinfale, vvhici-
Town being taken by Cromwel, they were forced cf
bsfteii away, loanng three Ships behind, and failet'i
_ ' <
fit
' tl
5S The Plifiory of
to Lisbon, where they were prote'^ied by the King
Portugal, which caufed a difference between di. pb
Kkig and the Engliih Republick. About the fan
time, that h, May 1549. Dr. Doriflaus, wl '"f
drew up the charge againft King Charles I. being fc
as an Envoy to the States of Holland, was treach 'PP"
roufly murdered at the Hague by perfonsin difgui P™
tliat broke into his Lodgings, and afterward msd
their efcape. And not long after, Mr. Anthon ' ^
Afcham, the Englifli Agent in Spain, was fiab'd i'
his Inn in his way to Madrid, ^and the murdereij^'"^
taking famftuary in a church, the King of Spain, b
all Ilis authority, could nor bring them tojufticc.
H'i
But the greatefl danger to this new Common
wealth, though viftc5rious in Ireland, feemed to b
from Scotland, for King Charles II, being in tb
Ifleof Jcrfey, and having notice of the great fafti
oils and differences in that Kingdom, between tin
Covenanters and the Royalifts, he gives a commilfioi
to die Marquefs of Moncrofs ("who in the yeai
1545. was fd fuccefsful for a time, that the wholi
Kingdom of Scotland may be faid to have beei
won 4Hd lofl in one month j by which commiffion h<
was to raife Forces in Holland, and other parts,
wherewith, if pofTible, to abate the power of the
Covenanters, fo that the King' might be able to treat
with them upon better terms. He accordingly, in i
fhort time, fends fome Forces into the Ifles ol
Orkney, and a few more under Sir James MongO'
mery, to the No. th of Scotland. Thefe the Coiii'
mictee of Eflates refolve to oppofe, though raifed
for the Kings fcrviec, and fend propofitions to him
to Jerfey, which being granted, they would enter
into a Treaty to reftore him to that Ffingdom; the
fubl'iance whereof were, ' That he would fign the
' folemn league and covenant, and oblige all per-
« fans to take it; To confirm all Afls of parliament
* in the two laft Scflionf, and p have no Negative
t-i
vvh(
off
wh(
twe
and
ma(
ing
out
hitt
or
hiir,
ned
the
Sir
Spc
laft
dea
ftar
one
fint
fo.i
ced
fini
5cc
Oliver Cromwel.
voice in their parliament, and would appoint feme
place about HMIand to treat in. The King cork
; fan iented, and promifed in the word of a Prince, to
vv) )erform them, and. Breda, a Town in Holland, be-
[gfa onging to tlie Prince of Orange, was the place
ifj ippointed, where the Scots Conimilfioners meet
jii him, and the Treaty in a fhort time was fully
mjsl mncluded, wherein one Anicle was, ' That the
' Marquefs of Montrofs, and his adherents, be pro-
' hibited accefs into that Kingdom. During this
Treaty, Montrofs being commiffioned by the King,
fearing he fhould liave an exprefs command ro de-
M, and himfelf be banifh'd his country, landed as
at Orkney, and in the North, vtich feme
3 Ix inconfiderable fupplies of men and money, againft
whom the parliament, then fitting, fend an Army
of feven thouftnd Foot, and three Troops of Horfe,
who utterly defeat his Forces, which were only
twelve hundred, of \yhom two hundred were flain,
and all the reft taken except one hundred, who
made their efcape ; and Montrofs himfelf, who be-
ing three or four days in the open Fields with-
out meat or drink, with only one man, difcovered
himfelf to the L, Afton, but die promifed reward,
or fear of concealing him, caufcd this Lord to fend
him to Edenburgh, and he was foon after condem-
ned and harjged upon a Gallows thirty foot from
the ground, and a few days after Sir John Urrey,
Sir Francis Hay, Cqllonel Sybald, and Collonel.
Spotfwood, were beheaded for the fame caufe, the
faff at his death confeffing he was an after in the
death of Dr. Doriflaus. The King was fomewhac
ftartled at thefe proceedings, but the Scots Commifli-
oners defired him not to fiamble at thefe matter's,
fince they were alldefigned to promote his Intereffsj
fo .that finding it could not bs redreffed, he was for-
ced to conceal his refencments, and the Treaty being
finilhed, the King prepared for his Voyage to
5codand»
^ac! .
fguii
masl
:hoD
'd i
erer
I, b]
l, (J -I •■d
The Hiflory of
The parliament of England having exaft Intel« pi
gence of all thefe proceedings, it was debated wk
tlier the War which was finevirable between the
and the Scots, fhould be Otfenfive or Defcnfive
length, being fenlible what delblations they broug
along with them when they came in as Friends, ai
afterwards as Enemies in Duke Haniiltons Invalio
it was concluded to mjke Scotland the feat of t
War, and accordingly they Order the Army to mar
Northward, but General Fairfax, as well as for
others, being dilTatisfied about the obligation oft!
National Covenant entred into between both Kin
doms, which he conceived would not permit us
make War on Scotland, defired to be cxcufed, ai
delivered up his coramilTion, which at firft was
little fiarclitrg, but the parliament foon found an
tjitr Genera', of whofe valour and conduftthey h
large experience, which was Cromwcl, who acce
ted of the charge, and had a commiiiion to be G
neral of all the Forces that now were, or hereafi
fhould be raifed by the Comraon-weakh of En
land, and all cofflmiffioHS formerly granted to
Tho. Fairfax were made void.
June 28. fdjo. Cromwelwith his Armymarcln
toward Scotland, and was received at York by t
Lord Mayor and Aldermen with great refpecf : Tl
report of his comiug, furprized the Committee
Eflates, who fent a Letter to the Parliament, ' Tli
' they admired the Englifh fhould advance tows
' them, and .that many of their Ships were fcia
« contrary to the Aft of pacification, which allowf
♦ three months warning, and that the Forces tb
' had raifed, were only in their own defence, d
V firing to know whether thofe of the Englifh vvc
« defigned to guard their own- borders, or to invai
« Scotland. The parliament by their Dedarati'
declare the reafons of their proceeding, and amoi
ethers,. J That the Scot| codeayour to feduce t
tf
pi
te
cl
Si
K
m
31
at
p'
k
b,
v
ft
int:
dor
falf(
der
thei
hav
wrc
fons
had
frot
wh<
the'
eidi
liav
ly I
C
co«:
into
Afti
Alls
nob
and
peo
Intel
;d wt
n the
:ve;
)rouj
Is, ai
ivafio
of t
• mar
i for
oft!
iKin
r us
d, 31
was
d an
-y
acce
3e G
reafi
En
to
irclK
by il
: Tl
tee
; -fii
OWa
fcizf
lowf 1
5 chi
e, d
1 we
nv3i
ratio
imo'
ce t'
peop
Oliver Cromwel. 61
people of the Common-weahh of England from
Eheir affeftion and duty to the parliament, and to
promote the Intereft of the late King under pre-
tence of the Covenant, and chou-.'h they could
claim no authority or dominion over us, yet in
Scotland they proclaimed Charles Stewart to be
King of England and Ireland, and fince that pro-
mifed to affift him againfl the Common-wealth j
and had declared againif tke Englilh parliame*c
and Army, ranking them with malignants and pa-
piifs. Thefe with niany otlicrs, were fttch_ into-
lerable provocations, and no fatistaftion being to
be had but by the fword, the parliament refolve to
'vindicate the Nations ho'n'our, and to fecure it
from the like Jnfolencies for the future.
The Army likewirepublifh a Declaration, where-
in taking notice of thepraftices of fome in that. King-
dom, who endeavour by tinjuft reproaches and
' fe flanders, to make the Army odious, and ren-
der them rather monflers than men, they to clear
themfelves, dcfire them to remember what their be-
haviourwas when they were there before, or what
wrong or injury was then done either to the per-
ions, Goods or Houles of any, and therefore they
had no reafon by falfe reports to affright the people
from their Habitations: Further, affuring all perfoni
who were not aftive againft the parliament, that
fhey (hould not have the leafl injury done them,
oither in Body or Geods, but upon complaint (hould
have prefent redrefs, and that they might fecure-
'y continue in their Habitations. _ -
Copies of thefe Declarations were given to the
country people at E^rwick-market, and others fent
into Scotland, which afterward had good tffeft.
After whicli Cromwel marches from York to North-
Aliercon, and thence to New-caflle, where he was
nobly treated by Sir Arthur Haflerig the Governor,
after imploring the bkffing of Heaven, and
The Hijlory of
having provided for future fupplies, he polls coB< [yje
wick, and July 20. 1550. Rendevouzcd his Arrt
upon Hagerfloae-moor, four miles from thenc
wlicre speared a gallant body of Horfe of fi ii.ofi
thoufand four hundred and fifteen, with valii
Riders to manage them, ten thoufand two huntiri
forty nine Foot, with a Train of Artillery confifiii jre t
mvrr
Prir
•isbor
:vina
icli 5
orced
ther
of (ix hundreti and niiijty. In all fixteen thoufai av
three hundred forty five. After which, they we
Quartered on the banks of River Tweed.
In Englasd, John Lilburn about this time w
tryed at Guild-hail, a man of a reftlefs and invim mity
■ ble fpirit, who is charged with publiflilng Booljhey
wherein the parliament are termed Tyrants, Tra^lien
tors. Conquering Ufurpers, &c. and though it Imblt
generally thought they were of hik writing and pu es, ai
Jifhing, yet he made fuch a fubtile defence, tb uperi
the Jury brought him in Not Guilty, and fohe« e ftil
releafed. Not long aftcf, Collonel Eufcbius A iip o:
drevvs being found with a commiflion from Kii d fhij
Charles II. was condemned .by an High Court erts 1
Juflice, and beheaded at Tower-hill. And one Bf lew !
Ion, who was condemned with him, was executi rince
at Tyburn. At the fame time an Infurreftion hi way,
penedin Norfolk, anUadifcipiin'd company, affei eturn
bling and roaring about- pretending they defig® The
the abolilhing of popery, the reftoring the youi Iharlc
King to his Crown, and to revenge his Fathers deal he Pr
and CO fupprefs Herefie and Schifm: But two liu ears,
dred Horfe being fent againfl them from Lyn, ai hapla
three Troops from the Army, foo.n difpcrfed chei leMil
twegtyof whom of noeminency were hanged. 1 (ovid
Henry Hyde being fcnc AmbaffadOr from King Charl »as no
the Second, to the Grand Seignior at Conflantinopi im to
had fome conteft with Sir Tho. Bendilli the parli cocfar
ments Ambafiador there, whereupon they had denbi
bearing before the Vizier Haifa, and the refulc w' ddref
That Sir The. Bendifh Ihould difpofe of Sir Hen' rere fi
W
Arir
:henc
valia
inciri
le M
Oliver Cromwel.
to Be [yje as he thought fir, who prefently fent him to
myrna, and thence to England, where he was con-
emned,. and beheaded before the Royal Exchange
fill I.oiTdon.
Prince Rupert and his Fleet lying in the Haven of
isbon, as you have heard, Genera! Blake came be-
ififiii are the City with the parliaments Fleet, and after
oufai ,i ■ " ' " " ■ " ■
' we
avinii deftroycd feveral French Privateers, and fome
idi Sugar-fhips of the King of Portugals, he was
irced by florra, and to re-viftual, to go to fome
ther Port', upon which, P. Rupert took the oppor-
rnicy to fail thence with his Fleet to Malaga, wfiere
Boofiey burnt and fpoiled feveral Merchants Ships.
Tratvhereupon, Blake reduced his Fleet tofeven ftout
it VI itnble Sailors, fending the reft home with the Pri-
d P" es, and with thefe failed with all Ipeed after Prince
I th aperc to Malaga, but they being gone to Alicant,
hew e ftill followed thera, taking in his way a French
is A iip of twenty Guns, with the Roe-buck, a revolt-
Ki d fliip; and the Black Prince, another of Prince Ra-
iUrt erts Fleet, to avoid being taken, ran afhoar and
eB< lew her felf up. Next day, four more of the
scuti rinces Fleet ran afhoar at Cartagena, and were call
n ha way, the reft making their efcape, and fo Bkldfc
affei eturoed again to England,
iig"! The Scots had now finifh'd their Treaty with King
you jharles the Second, he having promifed to confirm
deal he Presbyterian Government in Scotland for three
3 !m ears, provided that himfelf might have always three
r, at haplains of his own Ele-ftion ; As alfo to confirm
chei le Miiicia in the hands of the Eflates for five years,
, J tovided it afterward fhould return to himfelf. It
bar jas now refolved a Meflage fhould be fent to invite
aopi itfi to make. all^ofTible fpred to his Kingdom of
aarli totland, though it was ojipofed in the parliament at
had denburgh, and put to the Vote whether any more
!c ddreffes fhould be made to the King, and thirty two
denifere for.the Negative, but ' " ' ^ '
Hy
the Affirmatives being
the
<5^4 The Hiflory of
the major pare, the meffage was lent #ccordinj
with a proteftation, ' That they would affift him W
' their Lives and Fortunes, to eftablifh'him in
' his Dominions; yet withal, forbore not to adv
' tife him, they had TelTimonies to produce of
' tratifaftings, by Letters wkh Monrrofs (^of whi
' they had incercepced tliree or four) contrary
his promife at Breda, Ijlovvever they were willi
' to difpt nce with him for what vvas paffcd, fotl
he would, . without delay, according to the Artie
' oT agreement, come over into Scotland, arid co
* ply with the Parliament and the Kirfc.
After which they prepared for his reception
prohibited Duke Hamilton, the Earls of Lauderi
and Seaforch, with many other perfons of Qualii
tner
d L(
oncg
ing
irgh
ms,
id hi
smc
We
igec
icm
ickl
th
terei
l
who had conftantly attended, him in Jerfey a ^
Holland, from returnisg into Scotland. About (
beginning of June, 16 $o. he left the Hague,
afeer a tedious ftorm, and narrowly efcaping fot ,
Englifh Ships, landed in the North of ScotlaJ
whither fome Lords were fent to receive and accoi
pon
panyhim toEdenburgh, being entertained by t
way with the acclamations of the people, At D« jj
dee, new propofitions from the Parliament and Ki
were fent him, which wkh fome feeming reluffam [
he figned. The Town of Aberdeen preftnted hi
with fifteen hundred pounds, but the Commits
of Eftates fent to other places dm dehgned t J
like, enjoining them to bring whatever money ai
plate they had to beftow, into the Treafury whii ,^1.
they would appoint. • iearir
While they were in expeffation of the Kings ari ^
- - -• pu 3
val, the Committee of Eftates and Parliament
fulted about forming an Army for his fervice as tl* ([_ q ^
pretended, and an Aft was pafled for Training evei j
fourth man, capable to bear Arms, throughout _ t'
Kingdom, and for raifing fixceen thoufand Fo< ]
and fix thoufand Horfe, the Earl of Leven to
Gcnei
■ding
m
1 in
adv
of
whi
nry_
wiili
fo
^rtic
d coi
Olivet Croinwel.
;neral of the Foot, Holborn Major-General, Da-
d Lefley Lkutenanc-General of the Horfe, and
ontgoinery Major-General, the fupream command
lingreferved for the Ring who arriving at Eden-
irgli, vvas complemented with many congratula-
ms, and July 15. proclaimed King at the Crofs,
id had a ftrong Guard to attend him and obferve
s motions.
We left Cromwel and his Army upon the very
."igeof Scotland, who upon July aa. 1650. drew
em forth toa Rendevoz, upon an Hill within Ber-
ick bounds, from whence they had an exaft view
if the-bordering parts of Scotland, where they
'' ,|veretoaadieirparts; to whom the General made
fhprt fpeech, exhorting them to be faithful and
jburagious, and then they need not doubt the blef-
jng of Heaven, and incouragement from himfelf:
" ^hich they received with fliouts of approbation,
which he marches into Scotland, quartering
. lithe Field that Night near the Lord Mordingtofii-
^ where proCTamation was made. That nohe
ipon pain of death, fliould offer any violence to the
erfons or goods of any in Scotland not in Arms ;
1 Kif
ffani
1 hi
nitti
d tl
vvhii
sari
: CO
eret
id no fouldier fliould dare to ftraggle half a mile
torn the Army-without fpecial Hccnfc. From hence
liey marched to Dunbar, where they received fome
irovifions from the Ships, fent on purpofe to fupply
Iwm, the people having left their Habii. tions.
Id nothing behind them. Thence they came to
ladington, twelve miles from Edenborough, with-
'It any oppofition Or fight of an enemy; next day
learing the Scots would meet them at Gladfraeer,
liey endeavoured to poffefs the Moor before them,
/ 'It no cohfiderable party appeared, whereupon
^'Oen. Lambert, andCoIlonel Whalcj, with four-
^en hundred Horfe, were fent as a Van-guard to
Pod toattempt fomething upon the Scots;
ind Major Hains, commanding the Forlorn, faced
them
66 Th$ Hifiory tf
them in Icfs than a mile of their Trenches. Crontccu
wel, witluhe refidueot the Army, drewupbefoi
Edenburgh, and 'feme skirmifhes happened aboi
pofTeffing King Arthurs Hill, within a mile of tk dif
City, which the Englifh gained, and likewife
Church, and other Houfes, but the Scots not endi Mcf
ring the Ihock, that Night the Englifh withdrew an
lay clofe Incamped at Mufcleborough, being weari;
with conftant duty and continual rain; The Sco
were within four miles of them, Intrench'd within
line which flanked from Edenburgh to Leith, an
El
•ed,
ners
m;
;rv (
Th
arc!
lies
le <
lay fo fttong, that the Englifh lay flill that day i
the rain without covert, but were incouraged wi^^4^'
hope of a fudden Ingagement. Next day the grounf^j'^i
being very wet, and provifions fcarce, the Englill
refolve to draw to their Quarters at Mufcleborougl '""d
which while they were doing, the Scots fell upo
their Reer, and put them into ,fome diforder, bi
fome bodies of Englifh Horfe coming up, charge
and beat them to ^eir very TrenchesLambert i
this encounter was run through the arm with a Lane
and had his Horfe killed under him, and was wound
ed in his body, and taken prifoner, and refcucd
The Scots had feveral kili'd, fome of Note, and
Lieutenant Colloncl, a Major, and fome Captaii
taken prifoners. After which, the Englifh marche
quietly to Mufcleborough that Night, but fo harraffe
with dirt, and watching that they expeftt-d the Sco:
would fall upon them, which accordingly they did
for about fourncx:morning, fifteen felcft Troops o
Horfe, and others, to the number of fifteenhundred
armed with Backs, Brefls, Head-pieces, Piftoli
Swords and Lances,, commanded by Major Gencri
Montgomery, and Collonel Stranghan, came oi
with fuch refolution, that they beat in the-Guardi
and difordered a Regiment of Horfe, but the Ettg'
-Iffh being alarm'd, inftantly fell upon them wirf
fuch courage, tliat they routed, purfucd, and dk
cxecucio®
efle
<
efirt
fem
dm
fori
riaj
to I
the
Kir
Qui
the
the
the
not
he
the
tha
the
0 w
Thi
eari;
; Sco
ithin
1, an
iay
Oliver Cromwel.
^7
Cron lecution upon them, till within a quarter of anule
' " Edenburgh, taking and killing about two hun-
ed, with feveral Officers of Quality j Cromwel
of til difcover his generofity, releafed the principal pri-
vife nets, and fent them to Edenburgh in his own
endi Mch, which did very much redtifie tlie opinions
waiif many, who by reporb were perfwaded he was
;ry cruel.
The Army having again fpent their provifions,
arched for a fupply to .Dunbar, where the parlia-
ems Ships conftantly attended them with all Necef-
ities, and then returning toward, Edenburgh, they
wi[ ttderftood the Scots were keeping a folemn Thankf-
m ying for their deliverance, fuppofing they were
rou:
arge
-and
ound
fcuo
ind
ptaii
rche
raffa
Sco!
1 dW
ips 0
drej
iftoli
■nera
e o(
tarda
Etig
vvitii
I di(
ucitu
!ttnd themfelves much difappointed: Whereupon
le General AfTembly fent Cromwel, by David
eftey their General, a Declaration of the ftate of
la Quarrel wherein they were to fight, which he
ert i "fitcd might be publifhed, ' That the General Af-
fembly conudering their mitfl be jufl grounds of
fiumbling from the Kings Maje(lies refuting to fub-
fcribe the Declaration concerning his former car-
riage, and refoluttous for the future, in reference
to the Caufe of God, the enemies and friends
thereof doth therefore declare. That the Kirk and
Kingdom will not own any malignan. party their
Quarrel or Interefl, but that they will fight upon
their former principles, for the ^'aufe of God and
their Kingdom, and therefore as they difclaim all
'he fm of the'King and his Houfo, fo they will
Bot own him nor his fnterefl, any further than
he fhall dilclairn his and his bathers cppohcion ro
the work of God, and the enemies thereof j and
that they would with convenient fpeed, ^onfider of
^he papers fent to them from Oliver Cromwel.
0 whom the Englilh General returned this anfwer,
*hac the Army continued the fame they had pro-
feft thernfeli'es to the honeft people of ScotlaiK
vvifhing to them as to their own Souls, it being n
part of their bulinefs to hinder them in the woi
fhip of God according to their owa Confcicnce
as by his Word they ought: And that they fhoul
be ready to perform what obligation lay, upon thei
by the Covenant, but that under the .precepce c
the Coveaaiit miftaken, a King fhould be taken i
by them, and impofed on the Englilh, and tin
called, The caufe of God and ef the Kingdon
cy c
ots,
tat I
)ugh
ew 1
in (
ewfi
aero
d to]
It fu(
and this done for the fatisfaftion of Gods peep
in both Nations, as alledged; Together with a dK
owning of Malignants, although the head of thenL|.j ,
be received, who atthis very inlfant hadi a partggj.|.^
fighting in Ireland, and Prince Rupert at Sea npo|
' # malignant account, the French and Irilh Shi
daily making Bepredationa upon the Englii
tatly
mtc
Coafts, and all by vertue of his CommilTiona, aBljj,g^
therefore the Army cannot believe, that whilr
malignants were fighting and plotting againft thei ^
on the one fide, and the Scots declaring for him o!
the other, it Ihould not be the efpoufing of a iW
nontinf Knr fioUfinn III f '
lignant Intereft or Quarrel, but a meer fighting o: '
former grounds and principles. If the Rate r*
h % h
the Quarrel be thus, and you refolve tb fight cl« |
Army, you will have opportunity to do that, ef
what means our abode here ; And our hope is i
the Lord.
3tth(
Having thus Rated the caufe of the War in difp"
ting with the pen, they next refolve to try the fore
of Reel, and fight it out, for the month of Augul
was near done, and little aaion performed, fave tU
taking'of Collington-iioufe and Red-hall by RorH (jgg
and in it the Laird Hamilton, Major Hamilton, a» '
fixty Souldiers, fixty Barrels of powder, one huo
dred Arms, great fiore of Meal, Malt, Beer, Wirt
iipor
_ _ 7 J J . '([
and other rich plunder. The body of, the Eagli! tn off
Army removed forthwith from Pcncland-hills, t"
the
I'ifha
3tlan(
ingi
Oliver Crom'>vel.
cy ca.Tie witliin a mile of the whole Army of the
ots, and both marched in fight of each other, a
; :atBog between only hindring their Engagement,
5"'", )ugh the Cannon plaid on both fides. Crorawel
he ® forlorn to charge them, leading then*
' "■ in perfon, and coming nearthei* body, one that
I ewthe General fired at him widi a Carbine, bit
, "I leroutly, which Cromwel obferving, called out
, iouldiers, he would have calhiercd him for firing
)eoBii|j ^ diftance. This affion of his was thought
have more of courage in it than difcretion ; the
ts unwilling to ingagc, returned back to their
artcrs. Next day, Aug. 28. the great Guns from
Englifh Camp plaid hard upon the Scots, and
atly annoyed them, all which could not provoke
•jn to figl t, bat ftill kept within the proteflion of
if Bog J tiie Englifh being in fome want of provi-
marched to tncir old Qiiarters at Pencland-
>eo:
I a di|
thei
pan
upol
Siiii
nglii
h, aff
whill
m^tf thence, with much difficulty, to
a ffli recruit, and then drew off their
i ^ l^ccs, quitted their Garrifons, and marched to
° jP'ngton. The Scots attending oa their right
|,i % fell into their Quarters with a refolute party,
^ ,j I were as valiantly repulfed by a Regiment of Foot,
j| amanded by Colloncl Fairfax,
i'pc- I. The Scots being advantagioufly drawn
fifpn f Weft-end of the Town, the Englifh drew
fore k® Champion ground, fit for
npul to ingagc in, but after feveral hours
'C^ch Scots approach, finding they
for# '''' follow them, but only watched their ad-
gj, ','ge, they inarched toward^ Dunbar, the Scots
'huo after them, and at a pafs attemptcaui
Wii* ReCj which the Englilh perceiving,
'the Copperf|)eth,
UP about to fight them,
jii Jr endeavour to hinder the
whereupon the Seotx
to hinder the
which they ac-
"TO
The Hiflory of
eortiingly efFefled, and then boafted they had ti tin o
..J c*;. j|^
Englilh in Effex's pound, as King Charles the Fii
had that General at great difadvantage in Cornvvi tin a!
in 1644. this pafs being a place where ten flout ra ifom
may obflruft the paffagc of forty, thereby to hii liom
der tlxm from any relief from Berwick, or perhaj Is,
to keep the Englifh from running away; fo confide 'o Lii
were tru;y of viftory, being lately reinforced wi arte
three Regiments, and from the Hills that incompi oCa
fed this fickly remnant, look'J down on them |id A
bber
their fure prey : And indeed, the Englifh were
vironed with all manner of apparent dangers, th^es
Forces were leffened, their Bodies weakned wi <1 dii
Fluxes, their firength wafted with Watchings, Scoi
want of drink, always troubled with wet and co tem
weather, and much impaired in point of coura| • Gei
two thoufand at leaft, being difabled for prefent f I wo
iVicc, v,^cre fent to Berwick. On the other fide, 1 ■! vv(
Scots were ftouc and hearty, in their own Counti 'bnc
and upon advantagious ground, and double the Ei bt t(
lifhin number, they being fix thoufand Horfe, a figh
sixteen thoufand Foot, whereas the other were I ^at t
leven tiioufand five hundred Foot, and three th< who
fand five hundred Korfe. ' Lei
"General Cromvvel, and his Council of Offiw fcthi
finding the Army unfit for further delays, refolv iepc,
tlicnext mtJrning.'Sept.g, toforcea paffage throv th, ,
the Scots right wing, or perifh in the attempt, i Piatf
being in Battalia by break of day, they fell una c of
snoully upon tire enemy with Horfe and Foot, v of
to hinder the Englifh at a pafs, drew up all the Ho In, \
.upon their right wing, and valiantly received 1 '»og
Onfet. The word bii-'the Englifh was," The Lon »hicl
Hefts i that of the Scots, The Covenant. I Call
Engfift preft forward vigoroully, and refolved ich ii
vanqaifb or dye. After ose hoars difpute, the Si lifh f
were wliolly fOflted, the Horfe fled and left on fi
' ) were moft of tl] ih ai
: expofed to all dangers.
;d \^1
, Oliver Cromwel. 71
ad ti lin or taken prifoHers, the purfuk continuing eight
e Fii iles kom the Field of Battel. Of the Scots were
,rnwi lin about three thoufand, and ten thoufand taken
uttw ifoners, (many defperately wounded} among
;o hi torn were ten CoHonels, twelve Lieutenant-Collo-
)erha kj nine Majors, forty fevcn Captains, feventy
afida 0 Lieutenants, eighty Enfigns, belides Cornets and
d wi larter-mafters, with two hundred Colours, twenty
ompi oCannon, feveral Field-pieces> and fifteen thou-
lem Arms. Thofe of Quality taken were the Lord
•ere i tiberton and kis Son, the Lord Cromftown, Sir
thimes Lanfdale Lieutenant-General of the Foot,'
d divers others-, and the Purfetothe Great Seal
ngs, Scotland. The prifoners were fo numerous, that
,d c( femed troublefome to keep as to take them, fo
aura ■ General difeharged near five thoufand moft fick
;nc i ' vvounded, the reft being about the fame num-
je, I 1 were conveyed to Berwick by four Troops of
3unti 'loncl Hackers Horfe, General Lelley cfcaped by
le El to Edenburgh, by Ten a Clock chat morning
fe, 1 .fight happened, and carried the news of his own
ere I Wt to his Matters, which fo daunted'them, that
; th fflborough was prefently deferred by itsGarrifon,
' Leith refolved co receive the Conquerors, be-
3f{i« [cthey could not keep them out.
efoh >«pc. 7. Four Regiments of Foot marched into
broil th, where they found thirty feven Guns mounted
pc, i Platforms, feme Shot and Ammunition, with
una c of Wealth. The fame day Cromwel drew the
)t, V of his Army, both Horfe and Foot, into Eden-
leHf s") vvithouc any lofsj favctheArniof a fouldier
ved ® ofi by a Cannon bullet from the Caftle. Af-
Lot; "ihich, the Lord General fent a Trumpeter into
. 1 Caftle, to invite the Minifters to come and
lived ich in their Churches, which they rcfufing, the
•e S' I'lh fupplied their places. He then caufed a pro-
left on for Markets, and liberty of Trade in Eden-
oftl jh and Leich, to bejiroclaimcd by Drum and
^ JheHifioryof
Trumpet, and marched clience with his Army ii]
iinlichgow, leaving Collonel Overton with his Bi
vgade Wiind, and came within a miic of Sterliii
tfom whence Cromwel font a Letter tothacGarriioi
cxpreffing the Armies conftanc afFeftion and tenda|
sel's to the people of Scotland, which though hitln
•tpinefFcftual, yet being fo far advanced intothi
icouncry, defitedthem toconfiderot it, anddeliw
up that place to the Common-wealth of Englai
The Trumpeter that carried the Letter, was met
.a Gentleman on Foot, with a pike in his hand, wl
told him. They would not let him come into tl
gorm, nor receive his Letter. In the Afterno
came a Trumpeter from the Scots, defiring releaft!
prii'oncrs ; to which Cromwel anfwered, ' T
' they came not thither to make Merchandize
* men, or to make gain to themfelves, but tor
' fcrvice and fecurity of the Common-wealth
* England. The fame day aftorm vvasdefigned
on Sterling, but it cot being thought praftical
the Army .marched back to Linlithgow, which tl
-fortified and made a Frontier Garrifon, being in
•heart of the country, leaving there five Troopsi
Horfe, and fix Companies of Foot, and Crom'
■wnh the reft returned to ^^denburgh, where
Ceneral and Officers kept a Faft. TheEirk
ailfo about this time, appointed a folemn Faff,
(ciarijig the occafioa of it to be, 't. To liui
* themfe-Jves for their too much confidence in
»^rmof flefli. s. For the malignity and propi
R«
he
A
redu
COCi
ring
m
fill
' d r>
icar
tie
the
lan
:orfi
Weill
dtf
We
filee
'cc
Ai
f S i
'Ovv<
livii
f e:
ihe I
itep
l?ain
ifan
'* of their Army. 3. For theplundringsand wickl'iird
* .nefs of their Army when they were inEfigW
■* For their not fufficlent purging their Arl
.§. For their Commiffioners unlawful and furij
a^Kious manner of profccuting the Treaty witlil«iiib
» King, and their crooked ways in bringing him hoy'vor
» For their not fiifScicnt purging the Kings Hofiis
<* f®r tbesr juft grounds rhey lave -that the""
• Rei
ny
lis Eri
:erlirj
irriC
endti
hichfl
othe si;
v( "Villi:
delii
iglai
met
1, Ml
ItO
crni
leaftl®'
;ni hK
!cl
near i
tl Me
lizc
tor
ilth
..edi
iical i'l
chtl
in
oops
rom'
ere
■kP
aft,
huU
in
)pha
wick
:ngW
A1
I furif;
wiili
IIW
isW li'
lie
Oliver Cromwel.
was not found,
73'
t!i«-
Repentance was not found, nor from
heart.
After this, Cromwel took order for the effeftual
m reducing of the Caftle of Edenburgh, which the
Scots accounted Impregnable by fcituation, and ha-
Sng a Garrifon of four hundred fouldiers, and all
flnner of Ammunition and Provifions, Collonel
iam Dundafs being Govcrnour; But the Gene-
notwithftandicigall fecming difficulties, impioy-
many Scotch and Englidi Miners, who went fr
tlic Works of the Caftle, that they carried oi?
Scots Colours, three hundred Miukets, and
lolpther Arms, without any lofs, though the Scots fenr
- jsany-great and (mall (hot among them, fo that the
Tl lordfications of Lcith, and the Mining at Edinburgh,
wilt on profperoBlly. Oftob. 2. The Englifh fearch*
idthe great Church at Edinburgh, where they found
me great Iron Gun,- two hundred neiv Muskctsj
ixteen Barrels of powder, fixty five bundles of Ban-
lilecrs, and Swords', two hundred new Halberts,
^ec hundred new Pikes, and two load of Watch.
And now let us confider the calamitous conditioir
if Scotland, that when an Enemy was inthevfry
lowels of their country, there ftiould be fo many
^iviiions among themrclw-;s, even to the deflroying'
each others for one p.ircy in the North was for
, ^ , - — • .w.
■lie King without the Kirk-, thefc with Middletots
•eep rhe Highlands. Another were for the Kirk
;§'inft the King, whofe chiefs were Collonel Ktr,
winghan, and their Adherents in the VVeft, A
jird part)' were for King and Kirk, as David Leflcy,
feibo-arn, and thofe of Fife ■, chefe vmre then ar
Djterling, and mod conftderable, luvrng the aucho-
y of the Cbinmita-e of Eftaces, and Geneial Af-
eitibl/, to countenance them. All thefe had their
■vords drawn againft each other. Things being in
lis poflure, Cromwei Tends 3 Letter both to the
B' "Mmtnittee of Eftates, and to Ker and Scranghan,'
74 The Hiflory of
♦Jcclaring, ' What amicable ways they had hithcti
' ufed to prevent the effufion of ChriflianBIoo
' before and fince their coming into Scotland, vvhii
' chough it fucceeded nor, yet they (liould ftitl 8
' dcavour the fame i afluring them, their an
' were ftill liretch'd but to imbrace them, wh(
' ever God fliould incline them to come in, at
' that tliey fought not dtjmination, nor to inflai Wfne
' them, or deprefs their Church-Government, »
• fought their Goods of Effaces, but to carry on tli
denh
they
hefid
by th
feif
othei
Grifii
♦ Lords Work •, and that if they would ftill I
blinded, and perfift in gain-faying and oppo&i
' then vvhac furtlier mifery befel their Nation 1
' Famine or Sword, would lye heavy on them;
This Letter was lent by Cbllonel Whaley, vd
foon after received an anfwer from ■ Collonel Ki
wherein they inveigh feverely againft the procei
ings of the Army, and' That no Ceffation or Trei
' was to be made till theEngiifti wereigcjieouti
' the Kingdom, which they had unjuftly Inradei
So that there being no likelihood of an accomrt
dation, Major Brown with a party of Horfe, took
a ftrong place called .Dalhoufe, and in it fifty Mi
"ich"
kers, fifty Pikes, four Barrels of Powder, with ftd
of provifions, fuppofed to be the Magazine of d
Mofs Troopers (^who kill'd divers Englifh ftragiii
for provifioasj fome of whom were taken at On
lingconCaftle, feven miles from Edenburgh. So<
after, Lambert with ctvo thoufand Horfe, raarclii
toward Dumfreizc, CoIloselKer being then aba
Fcbles, and Whaley in his march coward the Enem!
took in Dalkeith Caftlc with a riireatning fummoB
wherein were ftore of Arms, Cannon, Powdd
Match and Ball, the- Wall of k was thirteen fa" ^
broad at the cop Lambert having with difficult! ^ ral
palTed Harnbleton River, ' the next morning Ker ft ^ thi
folved to furprize him, and attempted it with niuu ^ W
«ourage, but the Engiifh being timely alarm'd, fufi
Head
Ci
rifinj
with
and]
terin
to tb
chief
prop
That
of S.
Hays
this \
tars!
defia
Plaid
tome
that
Flag
nier,
Eftat
Hers
Was I
'be
itheti
Bloo
whi(
litl'CI
an
1, an
inflai
ic, m
in til
till
K)i^
ton
em:
, wl
tlK(
iceJ
Oliver Cromwel, 7S
tienly furrounded moft of the Scots Horfe, of whom
they killed one hundred, and took one hundrcdi.
hefides four hundred Horfe and Furniture deferred
hy their Riders, purfuing the reft to Ayre, Ker him-
felf being taken prifoner in the flight, wirh feveral
wh (|®ther Officers. Colloiiel Stranghan, and Captain
Griffen, with feme others of the Weflern party,
came in to Lambert, who brought them to the
fiead C^tarters at Edenburgh.
Cromwel obfcrving that the Mining of the Caftlc
vyould be very tedious, he raifes a Mount upon a
rifitig ground, whereon to plant a Battery, not-
wichftanding the utmoft endeavours of the befieged,
and having mounted four Mortar-pieces, andfiK Bat-
tering Cannon upon it, he fent one fummons more
to the Governour, That for preventing further mif-
chiefs, he would furrender the place to him upon
PreAKoper conditions. The Governour anfwercd,
outi J'hathe was intrufted by the Committee of Eftaces
of Scotland to keep the Caftle, and defired two
•iaystimeto acquaiiwthcm with his condirion ; but
this was denied. Whereupon the Cannon and Mor-
tars began to play, and the Scots hung out a Flag of
defiance in contempt of them, but they had not
plaid long e're they took it in, fo that it was judged
lome great damage was done by four or five fhell»
that fell among t&m, and prefently put out a white
f^lag on the top of the Caftle, fending forth a Drum-
Wer, the Governour defiring once again Tliac he
"light have leave to fend to the Committee of
Eflates, which being again relufed, two Commiffio-
Hers of each fide concluded a Treaty, whereby it
Was agreed, ' That the Caftle of Edinburgh fticuld
' be furrendred to his EKcellency the Lord Gene-
' ral Crorawel, on December 24. 1650. with all
' the Cannon,. Arms, Magazine and Furniture of
' War thereco%elonging : That the Governor, vvirii
' all the Officers aficl Sou Id iers, fliould then march
adei
mill
3ok
' M«
iftfl
)f
agli!
Di
Sd
rcb<
abo
lera!
not!
w'if'
fan
icull
:r f
iliud
fud'
M
.fi
' -i
I'v
lint
16 The Hifiory of
forth with their Arms, Colours flving,
beating, Marches lighted, and Bul'er in mouth,pd,
fuch place as they /hall choofe ; chat fuch Inhi
♦ rants as have any Goods in the Caftle, (hail liP-'
Jipor
them reflorcd.
There were taken in this ftrong Ca/lle five Frci^rdi
Cannon, five Dutch half Cannon, two Cuiveriipl t
two Demi-cnlvcrings, two Minions, two Fa!coPf>ve
twenty eight brafs Drakes, two Petards, feven tlil'ttle
find Arms, eighty Barrels of Powder, fiore of Cfhs {
f.on (h t, and other provifions proportionable. ""At
was much admired that this rtrong Hold, the ni8 K,"
Impregnable in all Scotland, fiiould be fo foon
rendred, confidcring its fcituadon and advanta
being built upon a very high Rock or Precipice, f
ving only one er trance, and that very fiecp and r 1 tl
row, fo that not above three can go abrefi, ov "8 J
iookii g and 'commandite all places about it, in
much that by the Cannon the Englifb were o(i
galled in their Quarters, though ac a ronfidcra' ™
difiance, Ir was the cotnmon difcourfe at that tin
tjiat it wasalfaulred with filver Engines, but whctt
Covetoufuefs, Cowardxe or Treachery, were i
caufe, it was of very great confcquence and adv; °-P'
tage to Cromwei, and the further proceedings fh
his_Army.
Tfie fharpnefs of the Winter, in tha* Norths
Climate, was fo estre.im abeut this time, rhatt
v/.!r fcemed -al^iofl ac a Hand, and the Scots w
iinploycd in Crowning cheKing, who had btenToi
ti tle before at St. Jomiftons, where he received i '"''■f
■lie'wsof the lofs of the Scots ac Dan' ar, and of t!
c'eadi of his Shier the Princcfs Elizabeth, whodi
about tlte fame time ac Caritbrook Callle in the I
of Wigh.r. The. Town of Scoon was appointed
,his C-Tonation, where one hundred andfi.'tyKhi
of that: Nation had been Crowned before; thitl
tlKrefore, J:!n. i. 1^51. the King with the N
leirl
cd
as c
ho I
tare/
h tit
Oliver Cromwef. Th
Drifificy, Bjrons and BurgefTes, in their Robes remo'
whole Scotch Araiy fta-iciing ail the way as
iBhi Guard from Sc. Johnibns thhhef, having heard
ailliP-Sermon preached by Mr. Robert Dowglas, fitting
fcpon a Scaffold ereffed in tlie Church, he took the,
Frcifi'dinary Coronation Oath, and fubfcribed the Natio-
verify'Covenant, and likewife the tolemn Leagae and
'alcoP'wenant :■ After which he afcended upon a Stage a-
n tliJ'ftle higher, and fate down on the Throne, wlicn
of Cfie people being demanded four times^ by the King
hie. Arms, ' Whether rhey were willing to accept of
le ml King Charles for their King, and becorsie fubjeft
on (lb bis Commandments ^ They cxprefs'd their ccn-
anral^'*^ with loud acclamations, God five Iftng Gharfes
ce, hefecon J. Then the Crown was fet upon iiis head-
Bid I 'y 'be Marquefs of Argyle, and the Nobiiity touch-
^ ov '8 b with their right hands, ftvore Allegiance to Ifim
J ir, ithele words j ' By the eternal and almighty God,
e ofi wholivech and reigncth for ever, 1 (hall fupporc
dera to the uttermoft. The people alfo holding up-
It tir hands, ftvore obedience according to the uiaai-
'hett '^'b. Then the King and Nobility departed in die
?re I pomp as they entred, and after a ffately Dinner
jjjyj tturn'd CO St. johnltons.
ngj This being over, the Scots confulted how ro rajfe
ICS an- Army as might drive the Englifh out oT
irthc cotland; to which purpofe, after they had Evcorh-
hatf'""'icated Mlonel Strangha'. Smeton, and others,
s bo came into the Englilti, they gave out Commif--
nfoi 'nsfur railing more Forces, and many new corti-
jfl I landers were made, Midleton being Lieutenant Ge-
oft iral.of cheHorfe. Soon after which, David-Leijly
10 di Lieuccnanc General, with a party of eight hun'-
e I cd Horfc, made an attempt upon Eithgow, where •
■fHI 'scotlonel Sanderfon with a Regiment of- Ilorfe,
Kit bo received them fo vvarmiy, chat the Scots ne-
:!,ifl;?3red without entring the Town. Cromwei aboiuc
e M IS time being willing to gain all thofe Garrifons on
,78 The Hifiery ef
the South fide of the frith, he ordered CoUotit
penvvick, with cwo Regitiients of Horfe and Fooi
to endeavour to reduce Hume Cafllc, who comiii
before it, fenc ia this fummons to Cockburne tl
Governor:
' Sir, His excellency the Lord General Crorawt
• hath commanded mc to reduce, this cafHe yo
now poffefs, under his Obedience, which if yo
now deliver into his hands, you fhall have i
terms for your felf and thofe with you, and eal
the adjacent parts of a great charge; if you reful
I doubt not in a fliort time, by the Lords affiftam
^ to obtain what now I demand. I expeft your
fwer by feven of the Clock to morrow morning.
To the Governor of
HutneCafile,
Your Servant
George Fenwic
To, whom the Governor returns the follovvi
foncejted Anfwer:
' Right Honourable, I have received a Trumpa
of yours, as he tells me, without thepafs, tori
der Hume-caflle to the Lord General Crorav lig
pleafe you I never faw your General, nor km
your General; as for Hume caflle k flands uj* ffg"
a Rock. Given at.Hume-caftle this day, beti
feven a Clock. So reflech, without prejudice,
: my Nauve Country,
Tor the Governor of
Berwick.
Yourraofl humble S'ervaj!
Thomas CockboH
After which, to fhe .'. his confidence in the ftreni
of the place, he feat Colianel Pen wick the folk
jngYerfesf ' . . '
on!
bar
Ou
anv
the
illone
foo
omii
ne d
mw«
: yo
if yo
ve
Oliver Gromwel-
' I William of the Waflle,
' Am now in my Caftle,
' And awe the Dogs in the Town,
' Shan't gar me gang down.
7!
But notwithflanding this refoluce and quibbling,
anfvver, when the Englilh with their Culverin and
Mortar-piece had made a (mail breach, the befieged
beat a parley, and having formerly refufed the con-
' ^ dicions offered, were compelled now to furrendec
upon mercy, and the Governour and Garrifon con-
_ feventy eight Officers and Souldiers, gang'd
>ur SI
n&
out of the Caflle. After which, collonel Monk with
three Regiments of Horfe and Foot,^laid Siege tg.
Timptallon caffle, which had much molefted the
country with their txcurfions, againft which they
plaid their Mortar-pieces forty eight hours together
vvithouc fuccefs: They then batter'd the caflle with
fix large cannon, which did fuch notable execution,
that the Scots defireda Truce, and terms to march
s'ay, but none would be granted, fave to have their
tes faved, which was at lafi; accepted, and the
tofi caflle yielded, with all the Guns, Arms, Ammuni-
iQf, jjjjj provifion therein ; the taking this caftle
Bas of great concern to the Englifb, the pafTage
Tom Etlenburgh to Berwick being now almoft clear,
b" 2at notwithftanding all the care that was ufed, the
-nglifh were daily furprized and killed in fmall
kagling parties, which occafioned General Cronx--
»el to publilh the following Proclamation;
nwic
lowi
npei
ce,
rvati!
tboi'
Irefli
folW
' Finding that divers under my command are noc
only daily fpoii'd and robb'd, but alfo fometimcs
harbaroufly and inhumanely flain, by a fort of
Outlaws and Robbers, jnoc under the difcipline of
3oy Army; and finding that all our tenderni.fs to
the country prodaccth no better etfefl than
Ths Hifiory of
' (
^ sompliance witli, and protefticn of fuch perrons'"
^ and confuleriBg tint ic is in the power of checoun
try to dereft and difcover them, mai>y of then
being Inhabitants of thofe places where comraonli ^
the Outrage is committed, and perceiving that thci
' motion is ordinarily by the invitation, and accord [onlti
^ *■ bg cothe intelligence given them byCouncry-roen, bcec
, • do therefore declare, That wherefoever any undt ito h
, my command, fhall be hereafter robbed or fpoile ''i
j ' by fuch parth s, I will require life for lifcj and pic t'
^ ^ plenary" laiisfaftion for their goods, of thofe
' tllitsand places' where the Fadt fhall be commi'^itn
' ted, unJcfs they dixovcr ami produce the Offeif f-
' dor: And this I wilh all perfons to take notice c with
' ' that none may plead Ignorance. Given under iii
^ handac Edenburgh, Nov. $. idjp.
O. Cromwclt
?n purfuance hereof, feveralfums of money we
levied, uponfucli Pari flies where any Robberies ai
Sdtifthers were committed, and all abettors and
firters were condemned and exceatcd. Gene^
Crom'.vtl with his Array, after this, marched tri
Edenburgh, and often: attempted to pafs over ii
Fife, but the feafon and ditficalt paffage not pern
tkig it, they retire to their Winter Quarters, and
ceived all manner of proviiions from the Eng'
feet newly arrived, at Leith, which was a. great
cDivragemenc to the fouldiers, in the midfl of
hardftips and difeafes to which they were expof
and of which the Ge.neral had a great fhare, by
By violent fits of the contagious diftemper of
eouBtry,. which brought him to the »very biinli
the. Grave, fo that it was reported he was dead
the great joy of the Scots, who were fo pld
wkb the news, thar they would hardly fuffer tin
fefvcs to be better informed t for a Scotch Tran
Engl;
madf
Prefi
cxpr
vk
m
liv
ca
' th
' If
ft
m
■' ft
'ft
♦ tf
«ti
♦ ti
«f
• a
' I
Ed
Oliver Crotpwjel. 8i '
-fons r coming out of Kife to Edenburgh, to treat about
:oiin ftoring a ftiip whicli the Englifh had taken near
then trnt Ifland t after he had delivered his meffage,
sonli: confidently told the fouldiers their General was
thci tid, and that they did well in concealing it, but he
cord ouid never believe otherwife, nor could he be con-
men inced, till the General ordered him to be brought
jndt ito his prefencc, who was now fomcwhat recover-
joile d, fo thacuponhis return'this falfe rumour vanifhed.
andi Sut the Parliament of England hearing that he had
Paf relapfe afterward, and a violent Ague, tliey fent
nniihini two eminent Phyficians, LV. Wright and
Bates, to ufe their utmofl Arc for his re -overy,
ice cfvith an Order that gave him liberty to repair into
:r iifengland for recovering his health : To which he
pade a return of Thanks, by a Letter to the Lord
jPrefident, in which among others, are thefe unufual
veLlcxprefrions; ' My Lord, my fickneis was indeed fo
I' violent, that my Ndture was not able to bear the
^ we weight thereof, but the Lord was pleafed to dc-
aj' liver me beyond expeftations, and to give me ■
^ caufe to fay once more, He hath plucked me out of '
' the Grave. So that now, by the goodnefs of God, I
' I find my fclf growing to fuch a fiatc of health and ■ '
c ftrcngth, asmayyer, if it be his good will, render!
' me uieful, accormng to my poor ability,, in the .
' llacion wherein he hath- fet roe. I wifh morg :i|
' ileadinefsin joar affairs here, than to depend, in i ',
* the leafl, upon fo frail a thing as I am v indeccj :
' they do not, nor do they own any Inftrumcnt.; ; !
' tliis Caufe is of God, and it mufl profper. Oh! |' !
' that all that have any hand therein, being fo per ':' ;
' fwaded, would gird up the loins of their mind$| ■ \
' arid endeavour in all things to, walk worthy of tip,' j V
^ Lord. So prays, my Lord, ' :!
ts
,nd
rene
i tr<
er
)trfn
ind
Eng
'eac
of
tpol
by
of t
llltlll
eaJ;
pid
p th
'run
Edenburghj
You t moff. humbi e Servant,.
O. Ctorawe!
' 'Im
82
^he- 'HiJlory of
ind£
At this time Ambalfadors came to the Par!'
ment of England, from Spain, Porrugal, and Hi
land} thefirlf was reminded of delaying executi
on the AffaiTinatcs of the Ei.giiiTi liiident at
drid
toth
The fecond, not havtrgful! pnwerco givel ,
tisfaftion for the expences of the Ifate and lofs
that King, tv '
the Merchants Goods, !»y means o
quickly difmifs'd. The Hollander kept at a dilfanc
rather wilhing profperity_ to the Royal party, th J
heartily defiring peace with the Common-vvcalth i ^ ,
England: Soon after, Oliver St. John, and Walti
Strickland, were fent Ambaffadors Extraordinary
the States, and were received vvith great fplendoij ^
and Iiaving audience of the States-General at tliif ?
Hague, the Lord Ambaflador St- John made a leart
ed and elegant fpeech, declaring, ' That they wer
fent over to the High and Wighty States of the N(
^ * therlands, fiom the Parliament of the Common
; ' xvtalfh of England, to make a firm League am
' Confederacy between the two Republicks, if the)
' think fit, notwichftanding the many injuries th(
* Englifh have received from the Dutch Nation
' Likewife to reivew and confirm the former Treatie
;' and Agieemenrs of Trade and Commerce, madi
,' between the two Nations, wherein he (hewed
i* them the notable advantages of England, in re
' fpeft of its comraonioiis fcituation for advance
I' ment of Trade, and all other benefits. Larily,
' TJhat he was c^mmauded to let them know ho.»
* highly the Pdiliamenc relented the mUrder o(
* Dr. Doriflaus tlieir Agent, not doubting but they
' would do their utinofi to difcover the Auchori
' tlKrcof. After which, the AmbalTadors Gentle
men receiving feveral affronts from the Royal party
there, the States publidied a Proclamation to prc'
vent it; yet thefe abufes continued, and no pnnifh-
I ment being infiifted on any, though the common
often fwarm'd about the Ambaffadors GaceS;
whi
yet
Ayl
red
Ian
foo
ers;
and
of
be(
En
yet
of(
mil
dei
am
ry
atii
ha
I people
Pari
, tlii
ilfh
Vain
aryi
Oliver Gromwel.
83
indaffaulcedcheirServants; and the States evading
d "hi '"y Treaty till they law how matters would fucceed
in Scotland, the Parliament highly refendng thefe
g(. j,( proceedings, fuddenly recalled their Ambafladors,
to the great llii prize of the States ; Who thereupon
endeavoured, by frequent vifits to them, to infinu-
I"", ate their amicable Intentions, but the Ambaffadors
q'gpj returned to England. And that which gave fome
jealoufieto the Parliament of their defigns, was, Be-
caufe Admiral Van Trump, with a Fleet of Ships,
lay hovering upon theCoafls of Scilly, as though he
_VJoald attempt fomething againft it, and the occa->
"n^oii demanded of the &ates, they re-
plied, ' They had no other intent but to demand
' the refticution of fuch Ships and Goods as the Pi-
* rates thereof had taken from their people. With
whicfeanfwer the Parliament were fomewliat facisfied,
yet to'prevent the worfl, Aprili8. idji. SirGeorge
Ayfiough, with a Squadron of fhips, defigned for
reducing the Caribbee-Iflands, was fent thither, and
landed three hundred Seamen befides fouldiers, and
foon became maflers of the Iflacds Trefco and Bri-
ers, taking therein one hundred an 1 nfty prifoners,
and killing twenty. They took alfo two Frigates
of thirty two and eighteen Guns, n-jd fecured the
heft Harbour belonging to thofe lilands. Hence tlic
Enemyficd toS'c. Maries, theirchiefli'^engtb, which
yet was foon furrendred, Cornec-cafllc, in the Ide
ofGuernfey, was at this time atcempred, but through
mif-inforrnation of the weaknefs nf the place, the;
defigti mifcarried, with the lofs of many Officers
and fouldiers. About this time Blown Buihel, a ve-
ry earncft ft'ickler for the Royal party, both by Sea
and Land, and who when in the fervice of the Par-
liament had delivered up Scarborough to the King,
vvas taken and beheaded at Tower-hitl,
The Parliament of Scotland having adjourned du-
ringtheCotonationof cheKjng} Becagai»iu March.
t t
learij
wer
eN(
moB
e aiK
the)
5 thi
itioB
:atici
nad<
:we<i
1 rC'
ince-
[Ifly,
hoa
r of
they
hots
itle
jfty
pre-
lifh-
non
ices,
•a Hi
'' i
84
The Hijiory of
and fome differences arofe about reftoring feve
Lords of the Royal party to their feats in the Hou ftnd
which yet the Affembly would not admit of, 1 Grei
they hail palfed the ftool of Repentance, whi ;he I
Duke Hatnikoa did with fome kind of, fplendor, 1 ters,
: I »«r <r -t tit., ir
vinga Table placed before him with a black;Velvlng^
cover, and a Cufhion of the fame, and making Han
great FeaO that day. The King having now got foi Foo
power, endeavoured to regain reputation among I the
fubjefts, by putting all the Garrifons of Fife into take
pofture of defence, againft the landing of the E.i ford
lilTi, drawing what Forces he could fpare, bo mor
Horfe and Foot, from S'terling, and joining thcfeapi
with the ne w Leavies, which for better fecurity iiRut,
Quirtered on the Water fide, anti then goes to tlliieu
Highlands to eompofe all differences there, andijt in,
irate them to rife and join with him ; fromwheiiijcoll.
Midletoa foon after brought a confiderablc bociyijof al
Horfe and Foot, and the Town of Dundee raifed jferet
Regiment of Horle af their own charge, and feiJjj,
them with a ftately Tent, and fist fine brafscannonjeigi^
for a prefent to the King then at Sterling, whofjtions
Army now confiiled in fix thoufatid Horfe, and fif
teen thoufand foot, but the Earl of Eglingtonbeini
liont
refli
fent to the Weft, with fome other commanders, m iK
raife aiore forces, comiHg to Dunbarton, ColloRe
fifh i
Lilburnj upoii notice, leot a parry of Horfe, wl^liand.
C(
'teat
fuddenly feizcd the Earl, his Son Collonel Jani'
Montgomery, Lieutenant Collonel Colborn, anijdo.y
fome others, whom tlicy carried prifoncrs
Edinburgh.
At the fime time a defign was difcovercd, thi
fiigiifh Covenanters intending a gereral rifing
Lancafhire to join with the Scots, the chief Ageii!
herein being Thomas Cook of Grays-Inn, Efqi vdnj
was taken and committed. After this, a fhip bourn
Troin the North of Scotland to the lile of Man, be'
ingby Tempeft driven into A,yrc, was learcht, anil|
quit-
Ifurrt
and
Gart
ving
leve
fcr c
(eve
Hou
of,
Oliver CromweL 85
many papers feized that gave light into the bufinefs-
And a party of Horfe and Dragcons marching to
, Grenoch, feized Mr. Birkenhead, another Agent for
'"'h' the Royal defigns, about whom they found fuch Let-
':crs, Commidicns and Inftruftions, as the whole In-
Vclv trigue was difcovered i upon which Major General
Harrifon was (ent with a Detachment of Horfe arid
f Foot to Carlifle,' to prevent Infurredlion, or oppofe
'P§ ' the Inroads of the ^cots. At London feveral were
'"'■0 taken up, viz. Mr- Chrillopher Love, Major At-
^^''ford. Major Adams, Colionel Banon, Mr. Black-
00 more, Mr. Cafe, Mr. Cawton, Dr. Drake. Mr. Drake,
thfl Captain Farr, Mr. Gibbons, Mr. Haviland, Major
J Buntipgton, Mr. Jenkyns, Mr. jequel, Mr. Jackfon,
hieurenant Cqllonel Jackfon,Captain Muffey, Mr.Wai-
t n, Captain Potter, Mr. Robtnfon, Mr. 5'terks,
Colionel Sowton, Colionel Vaughan, and others;
Kiy' of all vvhom, only Mr. Love and dVr. Gibbons fuf-
fered,jbeing both beheaded on Tovver-hill, Aug,
22. 1^51. The reft famong whom werefevcnor
,^ight Minifters of London} upon their humble peti-
wo tiQ[,5 jjjj ar:i{|jowIedgraents, were releafcd and par-
iloned. Tht re happened about this time an Infur-
redion of two or three hundred in Wales, who de-
dared for King Charles, upon a report that the Eng-
lifh Army, under Crornwel, was defeated in Scot-
land, but tlrey were foon fuppreifed.
Colionel Monk vvas now fent by Cromwel to fee
anjdown before Blacknefs, which had fheltred ferae
at !iad .ranch annoyed their Quarters: After the
Batteries were made, and fome (hot fpent, they re-
((aired Quarter, which was given, and the place
farrendred. Yet the Scots grew very formidable,
and made maiiy Infals upon the out Quarters and
Carrifonsof theEnglifh, with much fuccefs, by ha-
^'ing the advantage of knowing the country, fo that
feveral were ftain; whereupon, Qrders were given
r contrafting their Quarters, by flighting the re-
icy
■a til
ind
hetif
fed
I fet
nno!
J fil
beifl
■s, t(
lone
wki
arae
thi
g i'
gen
vvhi
>uni
be
sno
ml
I i'»f "i h'
f ! , VJ
1;].
■Mil «
The Hiflory of
mote Garrifons, and the Army was put into a mariho i
ing pojlurc for Fife, Blacknefs being made th gflgj
Magazine; captain Butler at the fame time arrivi j,,
in the Succefs Frigate at Leith, with eighty thoufa ^d i
Eounds for paying the fouldiers, which being did .mpt
uted among them, infufed frelh courage into tli jfs o
hearts. _ itrei,
June 24. The Army being ready for a Campaji ■
General Croniwel ordered them to march to R< j
hall, and thence to Pensland-hills, where they 1 igag(
camp'd, and the General in his Tent treated the I ng.
dy Lambert, General Deans, and other Englilh I f
dies and Gentlewomen, who came from Leithferowi
view the Camp, and then returned again. T rhich
Army hearing the Scots were at Falkirk, march f hq
to Lithgow, from whence they might fee the Te arty,
of the Scotch Array at Torwood, four imles on tl y j,
fide Sterling, and liopcdto come to a BatccU ' egin
the King having drawn his foot into Torwood, f(
tified his camp, which with the River and Bo ti^jf
prevented any affault, though Cromwel marched le
fight of them, and flood from twelve to eight jndn
Night, expefting the Scots approach; but they on alf, >
plaid on the Englilh with their cannon at a diftant y afc
fo that the Army drew off to G'afgow, and frc ing
thence to Hamilton, but not being able to iiiga ;d th
them, he attack'd Kalender-houfc, where part le vi
their forces were, which denying to yield up cots ■
fummons, the fouldiers with Faggots palTed ovntj ft
the Mote, and in half, an hour poflefs'd the houpmm
putting the Govefnour and fixty two fouldiers to t bd n
fword, and this in fight of the whole Scotch Arii
who did not once fiir to relieve their friends.
Cromwel finding the Scots would protraft t
War, refolves once more to attempt the taking
Fife, whereby to prevent them from having a
further fupplies: Whereupon, there were drai
out fixceen hundred foot, and four Troops of Hot
OliYer Cromwel,
87
wsn rho under the command of Collonel Overton were
• efigncd for this fervice, and being imbarked in
rrivi ,e jy^enty feven fiat bottom'd boars fent from Eng-
ind for diis purpofe, early in the morning they at-
:mpc€d to land at Queens-ferryj which with the
3 til )fs of fix men was effefted, and prefently fell to
. itrench themftlves. While this was doing, Crom-
'P^'S rel, with his Army, marched up clofe to the Scots,
> rat if chey had gone toward Fife, he might have
I igaged them, before they could have reached Ster-
ie U
ing. The Scots receiving the alarm the fatne day.
ilt I ;nt four thoufand horfe and foot under Sir Jphn
icb Town, to force the Englifh out of Fife •, upon
f hich, Cromwel lent Lamfaerc with two Regiments
Tch f Horfe, and two of Foot, to reinforce the other
iTe arty, who in twenty four hours were ferried over
onttad joined. Whereupon, collonel Okey with his
' j' egiraenc fell in among the Scots, whereby they
h "cr« forced to draw up m Battalia, and fo did th«
tlgiifh, who were fuperiour in number, but had
I'cti le diladvantage of ground. In this pofture they
igbt ffltinued, facing each other, about an hour and
' oDjlf, when the Englifh refolved to attack the Scots
1an( y afcending an Hill, and thereupon Lamberts right
f ft® ing failing furioufly upon the Scots left, chey endu-
ihg'' ;d the fhock with much refolution, after a while
'arc le whole Iwdyingaging, in a very fhorc time the
up cots were utterly routed, two thoufand being liain,
I ovicl fourteen hundred taken prifoners, with their
hou immander Sir ]ohn Brown, Collonel Buchan,
to t id many others of Quality. Of the Englifh, few
Am ere killed, but many wounded. After which,
her Detachments were fent over to Fife, fo as to
^ t able them upon occafion, to ingage the whole Scots
lag rmy. Immediately after the flrong Caflle of In-
g a ifgarrey, fcituatc on a Rock, in the midflof the
dra ryth, between Qiieens-ferry and North-ferry, was
Hot rrendrcd to the Englilh, the Garrifon being fo rer-
88
The Uijtory ef
imrc
Lnd ti
egin
;on c
ionk
refe!
ith
iftle
11 S(
fied, th« they were concent to march out only wii
their fivords by their fides, to fhew what profeflid
tliey were of, leaving behiad all their Ammunicir
and Provifions, with fixtecn pieces ot canrton.
July 27. The whole Engiifh Army appeared
fore Burot-llland, and the General fent a fummoil
for the rcndii ion thereof; to which the Governo!
returned a modeft anfwer, and the next day defirt
a parley.* Commiffions on both fides werechofa
and after forae debates it was agreed,'That ah 'T I;.'
ProvifioRs, Guns, and Shipping of War,
delivered to the Englilh, &c. and all tho
and Souldiers to march out with Drums beating,
Thence they 'marched inflantly to St. Johtifions,
place of great ffrength and importance, into whic
the King had lately put a Regiment of foot, and thef< ,
fore chey made feme difficulty at firft to furrepde :
but finding that Cromwehhad ordered ithe draints
of the Moat round about the Town, the couM^'. .
the Scots failed them fo, that they foon dtlivcred
up. .™p
The King finding hfe affairs in Scotland grow vet
defperate, he raufier'd his Forces, .and finding tht'
to be al^uc fixteen thoufand Horfe and Foot,_ wii
thefe, and hopes of further fapplies from his friend
he relblves to recani for England it lelf, andaacon
sngly the Scotch Army began their march from-Src •
ling, July gt. id< i. and the fixch day after eiicrt 6
Ehgland by the way of Carlifle ; which news of:
•a-taigtAuu uji wuc way ui v^dniuc , wiiiui
ming CO London, very much ftarcledthe Parliaraes; 8*
I ..... r. :_.J .«,1|-ette
flack
forci
which he excufes i Jt a Letter to the Parliament, as
CJ > "J —
and Cromwel was a little furprized thereat, '"ja- 1^
by llaying to reduce Sc. Johnfions, had fuffered tit.
Kings Arm-/ to get three days march before hisf
Ihews, That the Army affed to the beft of th^*:''
JudgnXCflCS. f^rn^-nuj-pl rwplVnt-lv rvirlpri ranViiert: S
Cromwel prefencly orHers Lamberc t p. =
raardi in the Reer of the Scots, with a party of thrf
th'jufartft Horfc and Dragoons i Harrifon was likewl
y-.vil
ftrtioj
inkicj
d bi
imoii
;rno!
efirei
hofei
alltl
jid
fficti
1
Oliver Cromwcl- 8p
mraandedtoarcack thcm, if poffible, in die Van,
d the General himfelf followed with aboutfixteen
egiments of Horfe and Foot, leaving the profecu-
ion of the War in Scotland to lieutenant General
onk, with feven thoufand Horfe and Foot, who
irefently took in the Town and Caftle of Sterling,
ich Aberdeen, Abernethy, Dundee, Dimorter-
iftle, Dunbarton-caftle, and feveral others, fo that
Scotland was fubdued to the Republick of
ngUnd.
The King marched forward with his Army, being
iroclaimed in all Towns as he went along, and pul>
^ jilVicd a Declaration, with a promifc of pardon to all
'jJj "iperfons, for all crimes, except Cromwel, Bradfhaw,
nd Cook. A copy of the fame Declaration was
enc by the King, in a Letter to the Lord Mayor
ends Aldermen of London, but was by Crder of par-,
lament burnt by the Hangman at the Royal Exchange.
(ind a day or two after, at a mufler of the City
•red '"failed Bands at BunhiKfields, confiding of fourteen
houfand men, Lenthil, the Speaker of the Houfe,
.J yjf :ame thither, and caafed a fellow, with a Link, to
, >urn a copy of the Declaration at the head of every
' „j, legimenc. On the other fide, the Parliament pais
lendmake it High-Treafon to correfpond with,
ir afTifi Charles Stewart, with any relief whatft>
( gf^per. At length, after many halts and skitmilhes,
Jong and tedious marches, of three hundred miles
ivs dh ^ Weeks, the Scots entred into Worcefler,
'racD ^"8' 23' from whence the King fent his
„|i -ettcrs Mandatory to Sir Tho.Midleton, and Coll.
'd til '5'"'ckvvorth,_ Governours of Shrewsbury, to raife
' j,i„ forces for him, bur without fuccefi. In the mean
. ime, the Parliament raifed the Militia of the Coun-
'the Cromwel and the red of their Army co-
gjj I "ling up together, they furroundcd them on every
• ide with their numerous Hoft, it being nev« known
kewi England, that fo great Forces ^nld be
alfetnbled
99 The Hiflory ef
alfembled in fo fhorc a time, which in the wholiiillol
were judged to be above fifty thoufand, and tht iie G
Scots in Woroefter no more than thirteen thonfand iorfe
The Earl of Derby, about this time, being landed, tolloi
as was expefted, at Wyewater in Lancafhire, vvitl le H
about three hundred Gentlemen and others, en eat t
deavoured to raife the Country, while the EnglHl onde
were bufied at Worcefter, and in a little time the] eat
increafed to fifteen hundred. Collonel Lilburn wi cots;
fenc thither to obferve his motions, and Cromweli ingtf
Regiment of foot being at Manchefter, was appoint ere
ed to join him at Prefwn. To prevent which, thiieir -
Earl marched toward Manchefter, whereupon Lil-COuld
bum endeavoured to flank them in their march, fo icy
to join the foot; which the Earl perceiving, pred ther
to ingage, and Lilburn being over-match'd in foot rom'
the difpute proved tedious and diflBcuIc, yet in an t a
hour the Earl was totally routed, and many perfow orfe
of Quality taken, and five hundred common foul- oyal
diets, with all their baggage, arms and ammunition, lemf
the Earl of Derbys George, Garter, and othei pen
Robes with the badges of the Orderi but he himfelt'ms,
efcaped, and recovered Worceffer. There wait own
flain the Lord Widdrington, Sir Tho. Tildcfleyi 'nd,
Collonel Matthew Boynton, and other inferior Om '
eers, with about fixtj private fouldiefs. Of the me
parliaments party, ten were flain, but man] day.
wounded.
Cromwel having difpofed the vvhoie Army roun^ 't a f
about Worcefter, in order to a Siege, the firft rc d th
Hiarkable attempt was poffefTtng a pafs upon the St iwa
yerne, at a place called Upton, which was done b) the
a party led by Lambert and Eleenvood, who march 'te.
ed'tovvard the River Teame, over which, was rnacli the
a bridge of boats, and another over Severn, o: crs f
the Generals fitie, upon which the'Kings party tod ccut
the alarfi, and drew out Horfe and Foot to oppofi t bl
the Limenan* Generals palTage, to whofe relic ic T
Collonc
Oliver Cromwel. ^
Tholi ollotiel Ingokbys, and Fairfaxes Regiment of foot,
d the le Generals Lifc-Guard, and Hackers Regiment of
ifatid lorfe, were all led on by Cromwel himfelt: Then
ided lollonel Goffe and Deans Regiments fell to fcowring
witl le Hedges, which the Kings party had lined, and
en eat them from Hedge to Hedge, fo that being fe-
iglilt onded by a frclh fupply, they were forced to re-
the) eat to Powick-bridge, where three Regiments of
I w« tots more maintained another hot difpute, but at
iweli ;Dgth all retired into Worcerter, except fome that
loint 'ere taken. After which, the Royalifts renewing
, tbiteir courage, drew out what Horfe and Foot they
LiKouldon Cromwelsfide, the King leading them on,
h, fo ley imagining moft of his Army had been on the
pred ther fide, fo chat by this bold and refolute falJey,
■romwelsmen were forced a little to retire, but af-
r a fight of four hours, wherein the King had his
orfe twice fhoc under him, the Works and Fort-
oyal were taken, and their cannon turned upon
lemfelves, and the Englifh entred the Town;
pen which, many of the foot threw down their
foot
in an
rfoo!
foul'
ition,
atliei
leb)
ardt ite.
mit
Ol
tnfeli "tns, which the King perceiving, rode up and
wiK own among them, fometitnes with his Hat in his
Art ind, intreating them to (land to their Arms, add-
Offi-1?)' I had rather you would fhoot me than keep
the me alive, to fee the fad confequences of this fatal
nanj day. But all proving ineffcftual, the Earl of
'eveland, and fome others, rallying fome Forces,
ound't a fmall check to the Viftors, whereby the King
ft re d the opportunity to make his efcape out of the
e Se iwn, which he did about (even a clock at Night
the dark, with fixty Horfe, out of Sc. Martins-
Thewhole Army now entring the City, the foul-
trs furioufly fly through all the ftreets, doing fiich
tod tcution, that nothing could he leen for fome time
ipofi t blood and flaughter, till at lift the plu^er of
relit ic Town, and the prifoners, having'a lictlefatlsfi-
$2 The Hijlory cf
ed their appetites, they think of fecuring the reil
Moft of the Scots Foot were liain or taken, but thro S'
thoufand Horfe made their efcape. The number d
the flain and prifoners was atjout ten thoufand
Thofe of equality taken were Duke Hamilton, tli(
Earlesof Lauderdale, Rothes, Cainworth, Shrews
bury, Cleveland, Derby and Kelby, and fevera
other Lords and Gentlemen j fix Collonels of Horfe
thirteen of Foot 5 nine Lieutenant Collonels of horfe
eight of foot; fix Majors of horfe, thirteen of footi
thirty feven Captains of Horfe, feventy two of footi
fifty five Quarter-mailers of Horfe, eighty nine Lieu
tenants of foot; feventy fix Cornets of horfe, ninet};i'
nine Enfigns of foot; thirty of die Kings fervantM
nine Minillers, nine Surgeons; one hundred fift
eight Colours, the Kings Standard, Coach and Hot
fes, with other rich plunder, and his Collar of S!
Many parties were taken in Warwicklhire, 5hrop "
Ihirc, &c. fo that few of that great body but wet
killed or taken. M. General Mafley being wounde
furrendred himfelf, and after made his efcapi
M. Genera! Vuidleton, Lieutenant General Lefle)
were taken in another place ■, and foon after raoft 0
the Nobility and Gentry of Scotland were taken
a place callel Ellct in that Kingdom, where the
were affembled to propagate the Royalcaufe, namf
VCD 1
c
Qua
isbei
■ciferl
irews
e Ro
this (
tkeH
long
lis put
nefs (
'oalng
ly, Old General Lefley, Earl ilfarfhal, Earl of Craw
ford, the Lords Keith, Ogilby, Burgoiny, Huntlej
Ley, with many Knights, Gentlemen and MinifteC
which foon after were fhip'd and fent for England.
Such was the fudden change of the condition' "S'an
the Scots and the King, that he who a few days bf ""'sart
fore was proclaimed King of Great Britain, had no'
neither Camp nor Garrifon to retire to, five hundrf
pounds fierling being offered to difcover him 5 1
that after travelling in difguifc, and through niaiibc h
dangers about England, he at length founJ anoj 'onth
nortunicyto imbatk atshorchamin fuficx, forNe* noba
hati
fears
and t
fight
liot f
with
comr
>!the
d de
This
iig thi
ind, !
'tat .1
uldie:
af uj
i&orj
otn t
Oliver Cromwel. 93
i?cn in France, where he arrived Oclon. 3. foUow.
Of the great number of prifoners taken, none
equality fuffered bat the Earl of Derby, who
is beheaded at Bolton in Lascalhire, and iSirTim.
Aerftone: Others of lefs note fuffered at Chellcr,
irewsbury, and other places. Nor did many cf
E Royalifts themfelves expeft any better fortune
this expedition than whatSiappened, as appears bf
ike Himiltons Letter to 5ir William Crofts, taken
long other papers a few days before the fight, to
ispurpofe; ' We are all laughing at the ridicuiouf-
iiefsof our condition, who having quit beodand
ijnei|Sh«ing fcarce able to maintain it, yet we grafp at
vant«^"> nothing but ail vviil fstisfie us, or to lofe
■ reft
thrci S'
oer 0
ifaBd
, thi
irew!
evera
dorC:
horfe,
foot
foot
Lieu
vantia
! flft
1 Hot
of S!
'hrop
: wet
inde
fcapi
,efle)
all. I confcfs I cannot tell, whether our hopes or
fears are greatert, but we have one flout argument,
and that is defpair, for we muflnow either fhortjv
fight or dye. All the Rogues have left us, [will
not fay wiiether for fear or difloyaity, but all now
itith His Maiefly, are fuch as will not difpurc hta
eommands. So that we fee this undertaking was
>tthe produttof deliberate counfcl, butof necefTity
o(i c ifi dcfperacion.
fhis battel pur a period to the Rings hopes of get-
iig the Government by Arms, and on the other
'nd, fecured to Cronnvel all liis former Conqutfis
it influence whereof, though aftedin En^and,. wa»
tnt in Scotland, for their principal Nobility and
ifteC "Idiery being citt off, they were no longer able to
up, but were fooD reduced to the otedicnce of
J 'gland. And, Cromwel giving an account to the
bfffliamcat of tliis great fnccefe, he concludes his
titer by telling them, That this was a crowning
ndtt 'dory, which was afterward thought to proceed!
a', the forefight of his future Greatnefs. This
niac inc happened 5epc. that very day twelve-
anoi 'fsth wherein the 5cots received that fatal blow at
Nd liibsi .are-nlemioncd. Afcerthe battel, CroravMci
hatil , E ftas^
:en J
the
lafflt
Craff
ntlcj
md.
ion
Inoi
me
,rou
54 The Hijlory of
■ilaid no longer than to fee the Walls of Worcd
levelk-d to the ground, and the Ditches filled
with earth, to difccver his averfion to- the Inh) her
r:mrs for recfisring his Enemies into it, and Sept.j lem
came to London, being met at Aflon ''jy tl'.e I'arl
{iicnc and their Speaker, the Lord Mayor of Londi
Aldermen and Recorder, and hundreds of othc
to whom Steel the City Recorder made a Conj
tu'atory Oration, eKtoliing all his Viftories andt ihc
ploits with the highefi flights of Rhetorick, and
plying to him the words of Pfalm 149, ' Let
' high praifes of God be in their mouth, and a-.n
■' edged fword in their hand, to enecuce vci-gci
' upon the Heathen, and p-unirnments upon the |) r C
' pie, to bind their Kings with chains, and their'
ot,
:er i
em
eE
lied
iiici
ae
bles with fetters of iron, to execute" upon th "f:
the judgment written this honour have al]
' Saints, praifc ye the Lord. After vydiMi, Hei
cjndufled in triumph to his Houfe near Whitc-bJ'' r
great number of Scotch prifoners coming after h
through TudiiTI-fields to ■VVeflmiDfter, as Trepl
of his 'Viflories, and the Colours taken there,
thofe at Dunbar, Weflminfter, Preflon, were
up in WcArainfter-lIall. After a fhorc repofe, G "ly'
tiera! Cfoniwcl, and Lieucenanc 'General lambf
went to nilte their places in Pailiameiit, vi/here tb
were entertained by the Speaker with a f:.cond -C(
gratulatory Oration,' mag'nifying their cqurage f
gallantry, and acknowlcdgiiig the great -ohlrga'J
which ch.e people of England we're vif/der tov'i 'tte.
them. The fame day the Lord Mayor f.-afled
Genera! and his Officers, where mutual recurris
kiiidncfs paiTsd between them, ib the facisfadfion
both parties.
Oil. 14. rdiji. Collonel 1-layn with two Bcgimi'
of foot, and two Troops of Horfe, were fliipp'd
Weymouth for reducing the Ille of Jerfcy, in eig'
Vcffels, under the command of iQencral Blake «
cs(
ftr.
At
Oli
a
'OUJ.
OiTir
idf
lisp
on,
ITIO'
res,
be-
Tei
der
An
unl
Oliver Cromwcl.
jrcti me to Sr. Owens Bay, wliere the (hips ranniag
lied round, the men leapt out, feme to the niicidJe,
Inhi hers up to tlie neck in water, and ran affioar, the
ept.J tmy playing hard upon them with great and fma'l
Par! ot, and gave a hoc charge with their Hcrfe-, yet
.oniii :er half an hoars diCpute titcy fk-d, and left behind
othe em tv^jeive cannon and fome coleurs. After which,
Hciij eEnglifh marched, further into the Ifland, within
ndt llicot Elizabeth Caftle, tinder - which was a Fort
nd i lleci Sr. Alaan?Tower, where were fourteenGugs,
Lett hich iiipon fu-rraons was delivered, and fo was
la" Tueil sadle, and foon after Elizabeth caflle, upon
:gca! ny gopd^.,terms to the Garrifon, and Govctnour
hejJ r George Carcarec, beeaufe of" its great llreegth.
eiri Ifls of Man was likewife reduced in a fiiort
1 tli|"fj wichthec-tfHesof Peele and Rulhen, both ve-
ftrong, and almodi impregnable (as well as Cornet
fie in the Iile of Guernfey) if the bcheged had
er b
rofi
mbt
eig
■, «
call
Admiral Popham, and Henry Ireton, Son-in law
Oliver Cromwel, at Lymerick, which Kingdom
a little while after was wholly fabdueel, and
bf 'oughcunder the obedience of the Goverrnnenc of
"gland. . ■ ■ ■
...jt The .parliamentmow paffed two or tliree confide-
:e t'ri one for .Iiicorporating Scotland into one
dCi "minon-wealrh w-iclvEngland; another of Oblivion
ge.l d free pardars; athird to determme the fellion of
rga;! "s Pariiamtnc on Nov. g. 1654, four-di for the
(ov<'tteafeof ibipping, and inco'vagenienc of Naviga-
ed 1 ®n, wherein was tihi Ttd, ' That no Goods or Com-
"iodides of tire .growth or maBtif.! Tare of any pla-
"fs, in Afia, .A-ric.i,. Aracrica, or Europe, rhou'd
I'ednspsned into Englan-J, Irelard, or any of the
Tcrrkoties thereof, hue sr.!y in Engli-dr flrip;, un-
fer the petmy o" forfeii-. "g die Goocisand Ships:
And chat no Goor* whatfoever fbrJl be brought in,
"niefs they be fhip'd from the places of their
E 2 ■ ■
^5
The Hijlory of
'.growth ?.nd manufaftiu'c only. Alfo th.it nof
' or Oyl made of Fifh or Whale-bone, (hall b
' ported, but only fucii as (hall be caught if) Vel
* belonging to the Englifh. Laftly, that no kind
* faired tirn, from Feb. i. 165^. fhall be espoi
in any other fave Engiilh Veffels, >vith fevi
■* other exceptions and provifoes, in reference
* Eafl-India Goods, and of commodities from T
' ky, Spain and Portugal.
This lad Aft was very grateful to the Mereb
and Seamen, but did extreamly furprize and difli
the Hell .riders, as judging it would caufe a vaft
■fiiinution in their Trade, which with fo mugh add
<age tl'.ey had long driven, to the lofs and detriw f,,
■of the Englidi Nation who thereupon fenc Am!
fadursto clefire it might be repealed, but not I
eeecing herein, they began to dilpute our anci
r!g,ht of the Flag in the Biitilh Seas, by rehifiinf
ftnke fail to our Men of War, which occafione
breach between the two Republicks,',for in May i6
'Admir.il Trump, with about forty two fail of Dm
fhips, was difcovered oh the back of the Good
Sands, bearing toward Dover Boad: Major Bro
being near with afquadron of Engiilh (hips, fcnti
Grey-hound frigate to fpeak with them, to whom d
flruck their Topfail, faying. They came with a it
fage from Admiral Trump, to our commander
chief, and coming aboa-rd, faid. That the g'
North winds had forced them farther South than tli
atitended, being compelled to ride fome days
Dunkirk, where they had lofi: divers Anchors
Cables, profeffing they Intended no injury to
Englifii Nation. General Blake, who was We (f «i
with the reft of the Englidi Fleet, having fpeedy
vice of this paffage, haftened toward them,
nest morning. May 19. faw them at Anchor in
verRoad, and being within dif e Leagues of tW
chey ftood Eaftward, and received an Esprefs f''
eS
eet-
ake
rum
left
isTi
il fc
roac
h
ink,
iapti
irifo
prt)
lage
her
T1
il
ipor
Wd
ie ■
:hen
'Our
fig
ha
wi
he
ail
ur
r:
ap
w!
re
al
' c
' at
P
n(
vvi
nof
be
I Vel
Oliver Cromwcl,
97
le States, upon whida c'-.ey bore ditcftly upto onr
eet, Van Trurap being hcadmoft;
wlicreupon,
nnrf
lot
anci
tifw{
:ona
y iiJ
■ Di
ood'
Bro
fcDl!
)m ti
a II
ider
e
an til
ays
ns a
to
edy
in I
■ tin
fslre
d
, • I ake (hoc three Guns without Ball at his Flag,
tump anfwered with a Gun on the avcrfe ft ie of
e Hiip, figtiitying a difdain, and inflead of ffriking
^ isTopfaii, hung out a red flag, whidi was the fig-
il for his whole fleet, and gave General Bltke a
roadfide. The fight continued four hours, till'
, ii^ht parted them, in which one Dutch fliip was
ink, and another of thirty Guns tali'-n, with the
V laptains of both, and about one hundred and lifcy
irifoners. Of the Engiifli about ten were flain, and
' ®^rty wounded; the Englilh Atlmiral was much da-
iiaged in her Malls, Saiis, Rigging, and_ Hull, but
* reft of the Fleet had inconfiderable ioi's.
This attempt of the Hollanders, while sve were-
ipon Treaty, fo inrenfed the Parliament, that all the-
Wdrefl'es and Overtures of their Ambalfadors, 'and
he fending hither ' csvo more, could not appeafc
hem; yea, though they by feveral papers cndea-
loured to -excufe it, alledging, ' That the unhappy
' fight between the (hips of both Common-wealths,
happened without the knowledge, and againft tire
' svills of the S'cates, taking God the fearcherof nien;
' hearts to wicnefs the fame, and that with grief and
aftonifhment they received the fatal News
' unhappy rjfti snd thereupon confultetl
' about a remedy to this rasv and bloody wound, by j
appointing a foleran meeting of all the Provinces, ^
whereby they doubted not (by Gods favour} to
remove nor only the outward, but inwartl caufe of |
all further differences, for the benefit of both Nt-
tions, and to avoid the deteflable'fhedding of
Chriftian blood, fo much defired by theirEiiemie:, 'i
and therefore befcech the Council of ,9tate, by the .
pledges of common Religion and Liberty, to do
nothing out of hear, which aftersvard with vain- ^
widles can never be recalled; which they deiic
S>3 TheHiflsryof
the more becaufe their fhipsof VVarand Mtrcli
fm
ciize ai'e ciecainc;! in the Pmglifh Ports. !
To this the ParlianKnt replied, ' That calling
mind the dentonllr.itions ef f'riciidlhip and ga
ccrrefpondence, vvliichthey have always difcove
ed toward the Stares General, during all the tio
bicsin England, they are innchTurprized at fu(
.,!!!»;
iinfuitable rerwrns, efpecialiy at the ails of Uoffi
' ty, lately committed in the very Roads of Eii] ^
' land, upon the fiiips of this Coramon-.w-eaitli
' and though they vvould wiliingly believe thattl
' lute Enga; einencs of the Fleets happened wichot
♦ their knowledge or confenr, yet whetii they confj®^
' der how diTagrceable the affions of that State, an ™
their Ofiiccts at ^ea have been, in the midft of
' Treaty offered by themlelvfs, and managed iicti
' by their Ambafradors, and the txtraordiitaTy pre
5 paration of one hundred and fifty fhips,.\vithot
■ V aay viiible occaflon, and the Inftruffions given b»
« the .States to tlieir commanders at Sea, they, have
e too rniicli c.iufe to believe that ilie States General
t deugn, by force, to lluirp the known Right cl
« England in the Stas, to, deifroy the Fleets that
c are (under God} their Wails and Bulwarks, and
jt chertby expofe the Nation to be ]nv.ided at pka
as by their late aQion they haveactempted
! to do ; Therefore tlie r^rii-msr-c thin!: themfelves
;/ obliged to indeavour (by Gods affifiance} ts feek
;' rcMrsrions. for the wrongs already fuffered, and
Iccsiti v ag-jinff .anS" fnch atrcinpts ibr the fururC)
' -cr fiiJ (lefiririg' that all difl'etenccs, if poffiLk)
' nuv b; peaceably and jmicehlycompcftci
< TiV's enuvtr quiet; broke oil he Treat , and tlie
dors having had audience of the Pagliaraenr,
tork r:,ir leaves and deparcfd.
,! ; Atri'now thefe mighty States, prepare to ingag'
1 each other, .and accordingly General Blake, with'S
(najlant Fleet, ativanccd North towards
and
kinj
Mcrt
refoi
and
Butt
Hull
chat
foKi
the-;
this
WCl
was
t\ic
aw^
Ply
to
m
air>
thi
w
an
Oliver Gromwel.
99
I'trclMney/to feize ali Vcllels that were iiflting there,
ho took twelve Dutch Men of War that were
uarding the Buffes, but diftliarged mcfl of the
1(1 gd iulTes; and Sir GeprgeAyfcpugh with his fqnsiircn,
fcore "ing left to guard the narrow S'cas, diicoviuxd
e tfo bout thirty Dutch fliips between Dover and Cdiee,
r fui 'f which ten were taken and burnt, the reft run
ho/li (hoar on rhie CoaRs of France. Many odtcr Dutch
Ell ®d French Frizes were .daiiy t^kcn. Tbcnce £ir
ealtl) ?eorge Aylcoijgh failed Weft, .o feek out the Dutch
jattl ''leet, and Convoy home feme Merchant-men from,
ithoi Plymouth j and Wing within feven or eight Leagues
coni pf Plymouth, he had advice of them, wl.e.-eupon
aff
} of
l)cr(
/ pre
rl;o«i
he refolved to ftand over to the Coaft of France,
9nd next day, Aug. i5. 1^52. had fjght of them,
being about fixty fail of Men of War,, and thirty
Merchantmen; the Englifh were but thirty eiglic
four Firefhips, and four Advice-ftiips, yet they
en b )|i"eiolved to ingage the Enemy: .Sir George Ayfcougli
have
neral
It of
that
and
p!a
pteil
dves
fee.k
and
lit-e,
Li
1
tfie
enr,
age
hri
of
and fix other Frigates, charged througn the whole
Dutch Fleer, receiving much damage in their Mafts, ,
Hulls, .Sailsand Rigging, yet they tack'd about, and |
charged rlie.m all again till dark N-.gbt, and had net |
fomeEnglifli Captains been deficknt in their duty,;
they had pj'obably deftrciyed.r,heir whole Navy. In ,■
this Ir.gagcment fome few Englifli .were fiainand .
tvoundrd, and three Captains ; a Firtfhip of theirs „
«as funk, with two otirer fiiips, but the dEtknefs of j
the Night Gonceakd their other loffcs, 'w!io flood,;,
away for the Coafts of France, and the Enghftifor, 1
Plyrrouth to rep.iir. ['f
During this fight, Blake came from the Noith in-; (;
to the Downs, and took fix rich Dutch Pr zes, fend-,'1
ing fome Frigates to reinforce Ayfcough, and fconi L
after Captain Pen, with his fquadrcn, hovering or '
the Coaf'ts of France, furprizeti fix fto'ut Men olj
War more, now returned from the Venetian fervicci .1
and richly laden... Sept., 5, General Blake riding it'
4. ill!
.I:'
)GO The Hilary of
the Downs, ha;J notice ot a French Fleet in Olii
Road, to when he made up and ciiafed theni as t
as chev durft for the fands of Dunkirk, taking mo
of tiiem, being ten Men of War between thin
one and twenty eight Guns, and fix Firefliips
Tfds Fleet was to take in provifions at Calice, torrt
relief of Dunkirk, then befieged by the Spaniard!
who being prevented of this fuccour, foon altt
Jiirrendred, as alio Graveling. Sept. 27. Ger.er
Blake difcovered about fixty fail of Dutch Men
War on the back of Goodwinfands, commanded b
Admiral tie Wit; next day, Blake with his Fkft!
ttePai
iXtV V
pc
rougt
ear t!
)atch
hey c
lun V
ley !'
Th(
mal 1
m fitt
I'and tV
bore in among rhern, but being upon a land caI'«-Fack
■:ie Kemifli knock, under which the Dutch had purL-j ,
' '—-four of our chief Shir
po.ily fccurcd chemfclves, four of our chief Shifej^j^g
v.rrc on ground, but foon got off, and refolved tc ,
msage tlicm, but the wind prevented them fror
coming up, yet v/ith mucli .ado, got next day wuh"
ihot, upon wliich the Dutch let up their main faili
and ran for ir, whom ten Frigates chafed till Nighti
•and next day purfued them till they had light oi
Weft Gabel in Zealand, and faw them run into Goreei
upon which, the Fhig'ifh fearing to fail further upon
the Holland coaft, returned back. In this skirrailhiKfff 'i.
the Dutch Rere-Admiral was loft, with a Fly-boat
, that rowed htr, and many men killed ; about fortytQjfjg
Englilh werellain, and as many wounded. ahebc
blved
jo. b
her-g
lever
irefs
:oum
[he V:
The War between thefe two States reached to the
Medirerr.inean Sea, whither the Englifh iiad fentfe-
vera! Frigates to fecure die Merchants fliips from the
I'rivateers of Toulon and Marfeilles, and a fquadron
f)f four lliil, with three Smyrna fiiips under their
' convoy, liappciiecl to meet with eleven Dutch men
-/i War, who having fuch great advantage, preienrly
iVll uponthcni, but met with flout refiftance, two
|i)f their maiii-top marts being fliot down, and one
their fnips fired but quench'd again. The Phoenix,
.tout Ihip of forty five Guns,was taken by theDutch;
lid a!
bon:
lands
load
fifto
ibnf
Bu
ingli
Mlgt
iertd
1 Ciilii
!i as t
ig mc
rWri
■fliipi
tor ih
niaril!
I aitt
■er.cn
kn
ert hi
ed
fro/I
»thii
I fails
light,
It of
3rce
upon
.Tilth,
•boat
'orry
Oliver Crorawel.
lie Paragon loft twenty fevcn men, and had about
ixcy wounded 5 the Elizabeth had only two Barrels
I powder left, yet in defpight of the enemy, they
fought their Merchants fafe into Porto Congone,
lear the Ifle of Corflca, where the fight was. The
latch much gloried in this fmall fuccefs, though
ley obtained it dearly, and more by theirnumber
Iian valour, the Englilh never giving over while
' sy had men or ammunition.
The Hollanders extrcamly concerned at the conti-
|iual lofs of their fhips, ufed their utraofl-induftry
,""Pj3n fitting out a Eleec, though'it were in December,
and the twentieth of that month, appeared on the
jback of the Goodwin with Ninety men of War,
^^iiand ten Eirefhips. The Englilh under Generdl
j^Iake were but forty cvso, and not half Man'di
iioftof the great fhips being laid up, yet they re,
olved to ingage them, and accordingly, December
jo. both Elects met, the Englilh having the Wea-
her-gage, and as few as they were, feveral ofrheni,
lever came up pretending want of men, fothatthe
irefs of the fight lay upon a few who were to en,
iiunter the whole Dutch Eleer. The Van-guard and.
lie Viftory, ingaged twenty of the Hollanders, from,
irft to lalT:,. and yet got clear of them all. The
iarland: and Bonadventure were taken, and Blake
foing to relieve the firlf, had his tore-malt fhoi by
lie board, was twice boarded, and yet got off, as
iid all the rell but thofe two afore-mentioned; and
iion after, two Merchanc-fhips fell into the enemies,
lands. Blake with his Fleet withdrew into Lee- |
toad to repair, and the Dutch boalted of this
i'iffory, by their Ambalfadors, in all the Courts o£
tbriltendona.
But this fmall lofs did only rouze and awake-nthe
Englilh courage, who chougiic on nothing but Re-
'eiige ; and to incourage them, the Parliament or-
'WtdaheSeamens wages to be railed, from eighcee'i'
E. 5., ta-
) the
It To
i the
Iron
heir
men
tirly
two
one
lix,
reft,
di
The Hijfoyy of
ro twenty three fhiiiingsaniomh, and that fore'i
vy Prize taken, they fiiall ha^e ten fhillingsforeveij
Tun, and fix pound ten (hillings and four pence
every greac Gun, whether Iron or Brafs, to bedi
;0 th
nine
lides
>5 LU Ut Ui J •
vided among the Ships crew, according to their 06
ces,^ and all upon or above the Gun-deck to b
prize. Likewife to hive fen pound a Gun far evei
man of War they ftiail fink or defiroy, to be dit
dti] as aforetiiid, with a months pay gratis t.o all Vi
lur.tiers chat (lia!! lift the mfelves within forty days
and care taken for paying and curing the fick at
wcund-id, with feveral other advantages : Whic
being printed and publifhed, the Seamen came
apace, fo that in tiehruary following, the Englil
■I
had a f out Fleet at Sea. though the Dutch cnda
voured to hinder all-Nations from fupplying us wii
Pitch, Tar, or Mafts.
Feb. i8. I 55. The Dutch Navy, of about oightf ™
fail, widi one hundred and fifty Merchatit men frcii
.Hoan, Nan.s and Burdeaux, were clifcovered bt _
f.veen the !fie of Wiglit and Port'and, and abou
eight in the mior- ing, the headmofl of the EnglU"^,
:wo T
Fleet came up and ingagedthcm, which was Gent, ,
sral Biakc in the Triumph, General Dean, and ck^re
cr ^our more, rhe reft being ro ihe Leeward; an
t able CO cojne up ; yec thefe few held thirty i
who!:
Itiital
the Dutch'men of War in play, from eight till twl.
in the afccrncon, when abouc half the EngliHi Flecf"^ ^
lours
came up.and kigagcdthe enemy tillNight parted tlKfl
^ this fighc chc^ Engliili lo;t only the Sampfon,
Dutch prize, which being unfervicrable, therafelvt
funk, the men being all favedy whichfhip funk
adverfary that maimccf her. Next day the EngiiH
chafed the Dutch a good while, whereby feme o
a the Enemies (hips were brought to the Lee and 1
:i!>'
Aroyed. The day after they ingaged again, and Cf.
dirpure grew fo ho^, that the Kollanders be^an
ji- J T 1 i__ U'
f !;< out of 'their ftern-inoij pcrtSj. and make away'
"or ev<
r evei
nee
> bed
CO
r evei
e div
all Vi
■ day
ck 2»
Whic
srne i
Er,g
enda
s wid
Oliver Gromwel.
To that- fifty Merchant fhips fell into our hards, and
line men of War, fcver.il others being fijnk,.bc-
fides_ what they chemfeives funk as unfervirtaide,
drOli France, tlat above two thou-
and dead bodies of the Dutch vverC teen about
heir fhoars; fifteen Iwndred were taken prifoners
ind brought to London ; General Blnke was wound-
4 and feveral Ersglifh Captains flain-
The Dutch deeply iemible of this lofsj fcnt a
■etterto the Parliament of Englapd, fienedoniy by
be States of Holland: To which the pai'iiai-nent re-
ii'tned apfwer, fignifying their defire of a hderKily
^Kinpiiance to avoid further mifchicis but i; had no
rfeft. But the Engltlh, to ahrxv their hi- for this,
tory, met with agre3Ccheck!n-tieS'.!tfghr5, 'nj?
.-■ J.ng by a flraragem regained the rhosm^ fiigire-
eight] the Dutch, as flie lay in Legorti-iia-ttn, they
' 111 Jtepared for another eticounter with them : Caota-hi:
K bddiiy, with nine men of War, fai'cd fmrn P-'-;o
trigone, toalTjif Captain Apleton at Legci r, wr.erq
n froii
cd bi
a boa
tnglsiihnd been kept infer fevcrai iiionchs by
ivo Hohand frigates; upon his ipproarh, f o
'ypletoii weighed oat of the Mole a little too
Gene
i tiirc
d, at)
irty
II r«
iFlei
then
ifon,
ifelve
nk th
inglifl
ime e
lid dt
?an ti
way!
'J-
ghed oat of the Mole a little too
'ith his Ihips, and was inflaiicLy ingaged bv c'ce
fnole Dutch.Fkec. who having the vviiKl; cherr Ai!-,
„ jiiral and two others hoarded the Leopard, a fioi c
.(!iipof above fifty Guns, who fouylu bravely fi-ns
'curs, but at length was over-powere The Bon,-
venture, by a [hot in her powder-rooip mck firC;
"d was blown up. The Peregrine was ir.gagctt
idi four or five Dutch at a tirne, and cTvitig'icc.
iiatn-rnaa and tr.izen-maft (hot awav, was alio, Qk .
The Levant-Merchant was firft boat ded be one
the Eneraks ihips of thirty fix Gfei.c . at'd'aftrc
another as big, 'he h'S -o, which-
j,refcntly after, and yetwasalfo pofieit
;id tlii ftours fight, by
Jjc \mk prefcntly
"c Dutch.. The Sampfon wai boaitkyl Ivv ycung
{ ''R AdfliifalTrump cnQnefitlg;, aivi a Fij:ei!t.i.p.
eft
1 Oj. . The Hilary ef
the other, and fo was foon burnt. The lofs of thefe
five .Ships, was the greateft damage the Englifh ft.f
rained fines the War began, and was done in the
fight of Captain Boddily and nine Englifh frigate
who did not in the leafl aflift them ; for which thej
were branded with Cowardice and Treachery.
Ac this time the King of Portugal, unable to refift
the po'ver of the Englifh at Sea, fenc over an ExttJ'
ordinary Arabaffador to conclude a peace, and to gitt
f-rtisfaftion for the Merchants lofles. An Agent was
likewifefent from the French King, defiring ths-re
ieafc uf his Ships taken going for the relief of Dunkirk
.rnd to have a right underftanding between the twi'
.fiepublicks. And on the other fide, four Deputie
were fent from tite Prince of Conde, to crave aii
agair.-i Cardinal Mazarine and his party, who tia 'i
firiftiy befieged the City of Bordeaux, but all me
diation proved ineffeftual, the breach being too grcai
bcfwcen the two States to be eafily cemented
«)'her Nations likewife endeavoured to be MediatoC
between England and Holland, as the Queen of Svve
den, the Cantons of Switzerland, the Imperial Ci
ties, of Lubeck and Hamburgh, but all was fruit
Id's.
This was the pofiure of the Civil and Military a'
lairs of this Nation, wlien General Cromwel, witi
Major General Lambert, Harrifon, and fevenor eig'
Odi.cers more, came to the. Hoafc of Commons
April 23. 1^59. with about twelve fquldiers, whoii
he ordered to wait at the door, and being cntred
fpake to this purpofe: ' You have fufficiently dcln
• tied the people, and provided for your own
* your Relations benefits, polTefTing thefe feats ui
* der a pretence of forming a Common-wealth, ij
• refcrnung the Laws, and promoting the public!
• Good, whereby you have itnpofed upon the Kinf
* dom, whilftin the mean time you have only In"'
tied the goods of the ComBion-wealth,
tht
' ani
' ur
whit
' (hi
'pli
' P«
gan
rine
Cha
and
con
be
par
on
the
(af
era
po
to
pn
to
Of
W
pt
thrst
I
Oliver Crotnwel. i
' thrufl yourfelves and Relations into tlie^ainfulleft,
' and rnofl honourable Offices, only co nourifh Lux-
' ury and Impiety, Then ftamping on the ground,
which was a fign to the fouldiers at the door, ' For
lhame (fays he} rife quickly hence, and give
' place to thofe'that are honefter, and will better
' perform their Trufls. Upon which, they all be-
gantomove, fomc by force or fear, others raurmu-
ring", but the Speaker not rifing readily out of the
Chair, Major General Harrifon lent him his hand,-
and gently lifted him out. General Cromwel alfo
commanded that bauble, as he called the Mace, ta
be taken away. When the Members vvere all de-
parted, the doors werelcck'd up, and Guardsfet up-
on them, and all the Avenues of the Houfe. And
thus was this mighty parliament diffolved or difmiffed-
(after near twelve years fitting, and after having
tranTafted fo. many great affairs} and this without op-
pofitionor diflurbance j their poweis transferred in-
to the hands of die Souldiery,. and their Names re-
proached and vilified by the common people : Bur
to fatisfie the Nation, General Cromwel, and his
Officers, publifhcd a Declaration which they had
prepared the day before, of the Reafons of theit
proceedings, as foiloweth :
' Our intention is not, at this time, to give an ac-
' count of the grcucds whicn firfl moved us to tak!|
' up Arms, and ingage our lives, and all that wa,!
' dear unto us in this Caufe, nor to mind in thi
' Declaration the various difpenfationsthroughwhicS?
* Divine Providence hath led us, or the Wicnefs th;
' Lord hath born, and the, many lignal Teftimonis:
' he hath given to the fincere endeavours o,f his un
* worthy Servants, whilfl they were comefting wir/-
* many and great difficulties, as well in the War!
* as other Tranfadicns in the three Nations, beiri •
' jjeceffimted in the defence of the fame Caufe,, the i
iw 'I
I
\ ;
■*5
Us
■
!?!, ■
'•'1 i'
■;
;i':l r-
105 ' The Hijiory of
' firft afTcTced, to have recourfe unto cxrraordinar
' aftions, the fame being evident by former Dedtra
' tions puhiifhecl on that behalf. And after Goi
' was pleafed, npc only to reduce Ireland, and givf
' in Scotland, but fo marveloufly to appear for his
• people at Worcefler, that thefe Nations were u-
' duced CO a degree of peace, and England to pcf
' feft quiet, wherdby the parliament had cpportU'
' nicy to give the people the Harveft of all their h-
' bour, blood and trcafure, and to fettle a due it-
' berry, in reference to Civil and Spiritual things
' Wirereunto they were obliged by their duty and ia
' gagements, and tliofc great and wonderful thing!
Gcd hath wrought^ for rhem, yet they made !b
' litc'e progrtfs therein, that it was a matter of much
' grief CO the good people of the Land ; whothefc;
' upon, applied themfelves to 'the Army, who
' (chough-unvvtlling to meddle v, ich the ivi! Au-
• thoriryj agreed chat fuch Ofi5cers,a5 were Mem-
' bers 'of Parnanienr, Ihould move them to proceed
' vigoroufly in reforming vvhat was amiis in the
' Common-wealth, and in fettling it upon a founda-
' tiipn of Jufiice and Rrghteoufnefs: Which being
■ done, it was hoped the Parliament wo-uld have an-
fwered their expetSations,
. ' But finding the contrary, they renewed their
■ defires m an humble. Petition in Auguft 'id^a,
which produced no cciml.lerable effeft, nbr 'was
any fuch progrefs njade therein-as might imply
! their'red intentions to srccompiilh what was Peri.-
' tioned for, but rarher an averfcnefs to'the thiugi
, ■ thctnfelves, with much bitcerners and oppoficion
to the people of God, and hisfpiiic afting in them,
: infomuch that the Godly party in Parliament were
" rcndred of no further ufe than to countpnance
■ the ends of a cofrapt party, for eifefling.the de-
' fire they had of perpetuating themfelves in the
Supream Goveramcilc, For which parpofe, the
fai
tbt
an
' ch
ra
of
t'
t
t
\
f
S 1
Oliver Cromwel.
ii-
faiii party longoppofed, and frequently declarea
' themfelves apinfl having a new Rcprefentative,
' and when they faw themftivcsncairuatcd to'ake
' this Biil into conilderation, they rcfolved to
make ufe of it to rerruit the Hoafe with perfor.s
' of the fame fpirit and temper, therehy to perpe-
' tuate their owe fitting j which intention, divers of
' the affiveft among them did manifeft, labouring
' to perfvvade others to a confetit therein, and the
' better to effeft this, divers petitions preparing
' from fever.il Counties, for the continuance of this
' Parliament, were incouraged, if not fet on foot by
' many of them.
' For obviating thefe evils, the Officers of the Ar-
' my obtained feveral meetings with fome of the
' Parliament, to confidcr what remedy might heap-
' plietl to prevent the fame, but fuch endeavours
' proving ineffeffual, it became evident that this
' Parliament, through the corruption of force, the
' jealoufie of others, and the non-attendance of
' many, would never anfwcr thofe ends, which
* God, hi^ people, and the wiiole Nation expcfted
' from them, but that thisCaufe which God had fo
' greatly bkfl'ed, jnufl needs lang.iiih'under their
' hands, and by degrees be loft, and the lives, liber.
' ties, and comforts of his people, be delivered in-
' to their enemies hands.
' All which being fa<IIy and ferioufly confidered
' by the honeff people of the Nation, as well as by
' the Army, it feemed a duty incumbent upon us,
' who had feen fo much of the power and prsfence
' of God, to cpnfider of fome effcffual means where-
' by to eflablifh Righteoufncis and Peace in theft
' Nations.
' And after much debate, it was judged neccflary
' tliac the fupres-n Governmrtic fhould be by the
' Parliament devolved upon known perfons, fearing
^ Godj and of approved Integrity 5 and the Gove-n
' meg
' L
108 The Hiflory of
■ ment of the Common-wealth comraicced to then
for a time, as the mofi hopeful way to incourage
' and countenance all Gods people, refonn the Law,
andadminiflerjurtice impartially, hoping therebj
' the people may forget Monarchy, and underftani
ing their traeEleflion of fucceffive Parliaraentsmiaj
have the Government fettled upon a true Balis,
without hazard to this glorious Caufe, or,necelfi-
taring to keep up Armies for tlie defence of the
fame.
' And being {fill refolved to ufe all means pofTi'
hie to avoid extraordinary courfes, we prevailed
with about twenty Members of Parliament to give
us a conference, with whom we freely and calmly
debated.the Necefficy and Juflice of our propofals
in chat behalf, and did evidence that thofe, and
not the Aft under their cotsfideration, would moil
probably bring forth fomething anfwerable to
that work, the foundation whereof God hath laid)
and is now carrying on in the World.
' The which notwithftmciing, found no accep-
tance, but inltead thereof it was offered, that the
way- was to continue ftiil this prefent Parluiment,
as liing that from which we might rcafonably ex-
peft all good things. And this being vehemently
infifled upon, did mucli confirm us in our appre-
henfiom, that not any love to a Reprefentative,
but the making ufe thereof to recruit, and fo to
perpetuate themfelves, wastlieiraim,
' They being plainly dealt with about this, and
told. That neither the Nation, the honefl Inrereflj
nor we our felves, would be deluded by fuch deal-
ings, they did agree to meet again the nest day
in the Afternoon, for mutual fatisfadion 5 it being
confented to by the Members prefent, that endea-
vours fhould ufed,, that nothing in the mean
time fhould be done; in Parliament, that might
exthide or frufttate the propolais before-mentsonedi
« Motwich-
C
Pa
'rj
' by
be
en
' dy
' far
ha
th<
ob
' ev
'afc
' th(
' ou
' du
' at
'.all
' all
' eel
' an
' we
'Ca
' rel
' rea
' pei
' ik
' Ti,
;qu;
; rui
for
' ohi
' wh
OHl
am
them
3urage
; Lawi
lerebj
ftand'
s.Hiay
Bafii,
eceffi-
f the
pofli-
mailed
Dgive
ainily
pofali
, and
moll
le to
laid)
:cep'
icfhe
nent,
y eK-
mtlj
)pre-
:tivf>,
b to
and
ireft
deal-
day
ting
dea-
ftean
ight
nedi
well*
Oliver Cromwel.
' Notwithfianding this, the next morning the
Parliament did make more ha fie than uliial in car-
rying on their faid Aft. being helped on therein
' by forae of the perfons ingaged to us the Night
' before, none of tiiem which were then prefcnt
' endeavouring to oppofe the fame, and being rea-
' dv to put the main Queflion for confumating the
' laid Aft, whereby our forefaid propofals would
have been rendred void, and the way of bringing
them into, a fair and full debate of Parliament
obflrufted.
' Aor preventing whereof, and all the fad and
evil confequences which mull upon the grounds
' aforefaid have enfued, and whereby at one blow
' the Intcrefl of all hpncft men, and of this glori-
' ousCaufe, had been indangercd to be laid in the
' dull, andrhefe Nations imbroilcd in new troubles,
at a time when our Enemies abroad are watching
all opportunities againll us, and fome of them aftu-
ally engaged in War with us, vvc have been ne-
I* cefTitatedjhhciugh with much reluftancy, to put
' an end to this parliament, which yet we have done,
we hope, out of an honefl heart, preferring this
Caufe above our Names, P'amilies, Lives or Inte-
lefts, how dear foever, with clear intentions, and
real pirrpofes of heart, to call to the Government
perfons of approved fidelity and honefty, believing
jbatas none wife will expeft to gather Thifllesof
fhorns, fogood men will hope, chat if perfons fo
Qualified be chofen, the frurtsof a Jufl and Righce-
rus Reformation, fo long prayed for, and wifhed .
for, will, by the bleCfing of God,- be in due time
obtained, to the refrelhingof all chofe good hearts
who have been panting after thefe things.
' Much more might have been faid, if it had been
Our dcfire to juflifie our felves by afperfing others,
rakirg into the mif-governroent of affairs
' I
til
jii
■f •'
It.; B
li
.I'm
■m
'lit
and
but we fiiab conclude with tliis, That as we have*
•1 ffy
! I'i'!
■ •'■'J
11 o The Hijiory of
been led by NectfTity and Providence to a& .as «t|
hrtve done, even above and beyorideven ourpwii
thoughts and defires, fo we fhiil and do, in dfl;
of this great work which is beh'nd, pur our feha
who'ly upon the Lord for a bleffing. profefring wi
look not to (fand one, day vvithouc his fuppot!
much lefs to bring to pafs one of the things raeii
tioncd and defited without his affiftance; aii'l
therefore do folcranly dedre and evpeft, That al
men, as they would roc p)royoke the Lord to cheii
own deffruftion, would wait for fuch an iffue
he fiiould briiig ferth, and to follow their bufinclJ
with peaceable fpirits, wherein we promife then?
proteftion byhisaflidance.
' And for thofe who profefs their fear and lovi
to the Name of God, that feeing in a great met
fiire for their fakes, and for riglneoufnefsfake,
have taken oar lives in our hands to do thi
things, they would be inftanc with the. Lord tia]
and night ori our behalfs, that we may, obtai>|
grace from him : And feeing we have made
ten mention of hi& Name, that we may nocrf.otlij
dead difhonour thereto, which-indeed would
our confufion, and a.ffciin to the whole profeffiS^^
ofgodlinefs
' We bcfeech them alfo to live in all humi'.iti 'l
raeeknefs, righreourncfsj, and love cowards and
clier, and towards all men, that fo we may putt'
filencc the Ignorance of die foolilli that falflytt
cufethem, and to know that the late great and gl"
iious Difpealations, wherein the Lord hath fogj"
'fVliit,
riouOy appeared, .in bringing forth thefe thin?'
J - c L — v' n o — >
by the travei and blood of his Chjldren, oisgl/C i'
ttcoblige them, fo to walk in the wifdora. a.ndlo,"'
ot Chjjft, as may caufe others to honour their Iwj
ly profeffion, .becaufe they fee Chrifl to be in tliei'
of a truth.
' - We do further propofe before it be long, mati|
pan
iiig!
cha
' P
rifft
mlti
Mm
ora
plac
tog
Pari
Sig
2:
i>t-
Thi
btioi
loth '
livil 1
icotic
' V
fcns
cord
to b
Weal
Pf,'.
■t'S t
3rife
aCc
and i
1$ W
■ owl
I thai
feka
Oliver Cromwcl, ii i
' particularly to fiiew the grounds of our proceed-
iiigs, and the reafons of this lace great aftion and
change, which in this we have bat hinted at.
' And we do hftly declare, That all Judges, She-
8® ritfs, JufHccs of Peace,. Mayers, Bayliffs, Com-
mlctees, and all ether CivH OSicers, and pubiick
Mtnifters whacfoever, within the.Coranton-wealch,
orany parts thereof, do proceed in their reipeftive
places and Offices, and all perfons whacfoever are
to give Obedience to them, as fully, as when the
ipoji
men
aW
i3t al
chei
ue a
W i fitting.
Signed in the Name, and by the appointment of
.1 hisExeelitncy the Lord General, and his ,Coun-
T oil of Officers,
meal
:, w|
thcl
i da'
ibtaii
fo Pffi;
■otlv
d b ;■
affi® e,
liiii)'
ano
ait t'
,v
! glr
agl"
hi 112
,ht f'
pi
rho
the''
-notf
Hire-Hall, April
22. i6$i,:
William Malyn, Secret.
This Declanatfen being publifhed througftnut the
'ation, wa! all'encedtoby mollof the chief Officers
l^th by Sea and Land, but for (atisfadfion-"of the
■'"il Magiflrates, and to prevent dilfurbancej this
'cond Declaration was foon after publifiied.
' Whereas the Parliament being diffolved, per-
fcns of approved fidelity and honefty, •'Siid ac-
fording.to the lac? Declaration of the aad.inffanr,
'0 be called from feveral parrs of this Common-
^'^ealrh, to the fupream Authority, and although
V'f.'tiiiai proceedings are, and have been had for
r '• iiio thofe refo!urion«, yet fome convenient
icing r-. qujitd for the affembling of tbofe
Of, it hath been found nereffary, for prevent-
'•ig the raifdiiefs and inronvenienccs which may
"■'fein the mean while to the paiilick affairs, that
^'Council of State bc-conifitured to take car^ of,
^nd intend the peace, fafety, and prcfent manag#-
:i;
112 Tht Hlflory of
Rjentof ^he affairs of the Coraraon-wealth ; whicli
being fettled accordingly, the fame is hereby dC'
ckrcd and publilTied, to the end all perfons may
take notice thereof, and in their fcver.ii places and
fiacions demean tliemfelves peaceably, giving obe
dience to the Laws of t'le Nation as Iserecofore, in
the exercife and adminiftracion whereof, as endea
vours fhall be ufed, that no opprelTion or wrong
be done to the people j fo a ftriiA arco«m will be
required of all fuch as fhall do any thing to endao'
ger the pablick peace and quiet, upon any pretend
whatfoever.
April 50.
1^53-
O. Cromwel.
givet
but
then
Gobi
Lees
then
forC
ing I
Nexi
four
awa;
bore
'Men
bunt
thet
the
theit
the
The Hollanders hoped to reap advantage froffldrgj
thefe Revolutions, but found themfelves miftakca
the Naval' affairs being flill managed with as much
plication as before, as they foon felt to their eofti
for the Dutch having a great Fleet o£ Merchan»
fhips Outward bound, durft not venture through tfe
channel, hue with a Fleet of about Ninety Men 0
War, convoyed them by the North of Scotland tO'
ward the found, and there met with another Fleet 0'
Merchant men.Homeward bound, from Ruflii, EJU
India, and F'rance, whom they brought home faft
and hearing the Englifn Fleet was Northwards caffli
into the Downs, taking two or three fmall VelTels ajifi
made fome (hot into Dover Town, boaflingthe Eng'
lifh Fleet was loff, and that they would fend a Hd
and Cry after them, when on a fudden, the Englill
Navy arrived from the North, and came into Yaf
moutliRcad,
June I, Being at Anchor in Sole-Bay, they difcO'
vered two Dutch Galliot Hoy fes, to whom chafe
wou
wen
duri
Wai
Wie
fail I
lay f
dain
goi
opp
G
bavi
Pari
Eng:
figni
wer
Cou
to tl
ivhicli
ly dC'
s raaj
■s and
obc'
e, it
ndea-
vroaj
11 be
adaa'
ceiio
Oliver Cromwel.
II
given till the whole Butch Fleet was djfcovered,
but the weather proving dark, they loft fight of
them. Jane 3. Our Fleet being at Anchor off tl>c ■
Gober, difcovered the Enemy about two Leagues to
Leeward, being about loo fail, and weighed toward
tiiem about Noon both Fleets were Ingaged, which
forfome hours were very fharp, fo that in the Even-
ing the Dutch bore right away before the wind.
Nest day at Noon they ingaged again, and after
four hours difpute, the Hollanders would have got
away, but the wind frelbing Wefterly, the Englifh
bore in fo hard among them, that they took eleven
Men of War, two water Hoys, fix Captains, fifteen
t liundfed prifoners, and funk fix men of War more i
'cl* j the reft efcapcd by the darkncfs of the Night and
the Flans. The Englifli loft General Dean one of
their Admirals, who was killed with a great (hoc
the firft day, with one Captain, and about one hun-
dred and fifty men more, and two hundred and forty
wounded, but not one fiiip was loft. The Englifti
were much incouraged by General Biakes coming in,
during the fight, with fixteen fail of ftout men of
War. The Dutch having in the Night got into the
Wielings, the Flye and Texel, it was refolved to
fail as near the Coaft as was fafe, where the Englifh
lay for fotne time, taking many prizes, to the great
damage of tlie Hollanders, whofe fhips could neither
go in or out, from any one Port, to join together to
oppofe them.
General Cromwel, and his Council of Officers,
having coafidered of the qualifications of the next
Farliamenc, and made a Lift of thofe perfons in
England, 6'cotland and Ireland, to whom they de-
figncd CO commit the Legifiative power, Warrants
were ilTued out tor them to appear it th,e
Goucicil Chamber at White-H-all. July 4. 16 <2.
to thisefFea ;
froit
akeS;
thap
eoft
hanf
h tilt
en
id to:
eec
Ei!!
• fife
cam'
s, aoi
Eng
a Hot
aglill
Yai
lifco'
; wai
Forafmuch
114
7 he Hiflory of
Forafmuch as upon the dilToIurion of the laa' inti
Parliament, it became ntcefTary that tiie peace
fafety. and good Government of this Commoit
weald? (houid be provided for, and in order there
unco, divers perfons fearing God, and of appro
ved fidelity and honefty, are by my felf, witi
rife advice of my Council of Officers, Nomitu
fed, to whom the great charge and cruft, of fo of
uhi
'W!t
w<
npc
and
cefl
for
weighty affairs is robe committed; and havm
■' good alTurance of your love to, and courage ta
' God, and the fntereft of his Caufe, andthegooil
' people of this Common-wealth,
' i OlivcrCromwel, Captain General, and Co®
' mandcr in chief of all the Armies and Forces rsi'
' fed, or to -be raifed within this Ccmmon-vvcaltli,
' do hereby fummon and require yoa, being tb
' perfofiS Nominated, penonally to be, and ap
' pear, at the Council-Chamber, commonly calld
' or known by the Name- of the Council-Chambfl
' at White Hall, wifhin the City of Weffminfta
' Opot) the fourth day of July ncKt, enfuing tl<
' datehereof, then andkhcrc to take upon you tlit
' faid Traif't,-'niico which ydii are hereby called ani
' appoiiWid,'-to fetve as a'Metnber for the County oi
' And hereby yoiu arc not to fail. Given
' under rffy Hand and Seal the eighth day of June,
* 1^53*
O.- Crorawd.
Jiily 4., The perfons rumraohrd to the number 0
an hundrtid forty four, out of the three Ifragdoiiisl') Gc
met aceorditigly at the Council-Chamber at white'*'-'
Hail, where was General Gromivcl and fcvcrai of
Officers, v/ho made a Speech to them, recounting
' The many vvcnderful inercies-ef God to thisNa
cioD, and the ccncinucd feries of Providences bf
whiti'
He
giv.
the)
Un
ifcit
per
Af
liruoi
Jid,
truft
Cdmi
iret,
md a
lion,
he 1
>bedi
JOlO;
icfor
if otl
ab
o? dt
fete
ia;r,e
tfhat
lj}'s i
fhep
Hd (
peace
amon
there
ippro
Oliver Cromwel.
which he had appeared i t carrying on this Caufe,
e latr ind bringing atfairs into the prefent condition ;
with tlieir progrefs fince the famous viftory at
Wcrce'ller, and the aftings of the Army there-
Upon, after divers applications to the Parliament,
and waiting upon them, with the grounds and ne-
will ctfTicy ofthcirdiffolving, which he declared to be
min» for the preferration of this Caufe, and theincereil
of fo of all hontfl men, who have been ingaged therein,
lavin;' He then told them of the clearnefs of the Call
for given to the Members then prefent, to take upon
' them the fuprearh Authority, and from the Scrip-
' tures exhorted them to their duty, dellring chat'a
I' (endernefs might be ufcd toward all confcientious
'perfonsof what Judgment (bever.
After which, General Crotnwel produced an In-
Itramenc under his ownHand and Seal, vvhcreby he
Jid, with the advice of hisOffietrs, devolve and in-
truft the fupreain Authority and'Government of the
toramon-wealth, into the hands ofdiepcrfons there
■i^et, who, or any forty of them, were to he held
u tin md acknowledged the fupream Anth'O'iiy of the Na-
Coni'
■s rai'
■calth
g tht
1 ap
taikil
:roba
nffei,
y tht
i
icy 01
jivet
June,
!cr 0'
)f liii
iting.
sNii'
as b)'
hicli
'?on, unco whom ail p^rfons within the fame,' and
le Territories thereto' belonging, were to yield
>bediencc and fubicaion, and that they fhould fit
ibjonger than Nov. 3. aifd three months
icfore their diffcdution, theywerc'co make'clictce
J other perfons'to furceed dicrpi, who'■vere'-tfbf ' cb
if above twelve months, ^iv>;hen"?S'flro5itle'^fSPk
ifcceffion 'of Goverrmenr. Wihc?!^ Jftfei'^fion", be-
ogdelivcreti them^ theGfen'dral ccSrifnebded them
God, himfelf fvith his fiiKccrs withdicw. Krom
fece the Mtofe's forr.hw.ith adjourned ro the Par-
'ST.ent-Houfeat WefiminAef,' and firff-confidered
J'hat Tide to cake to, thcmfdves, and .after three
M.s debate, they refolved fhey would be called,
'"heParliaraent of the Common-tveaith-cf England,
"idchofj-Mr.Rousfor
ll6
The Hiflory of
About this time John Lilburn, being a few month
beforebanifhed by anAftof thelafl Parliament, fo
certain crimes he was charged with, took occafioi
upon this change of Government, to return into Eng
land, and caff himfelf upon General Crorawel, era
ving his proteftion in feveral publick Addrelfes, wli
declining to meddle in this atfair, left him to tb
Law, and he was committed to Newgate, and tb
next Seffions being brought to the Old-Baily, he fir:
demanded Councif, which was granted him : Nes
day he refufed to put Jn his Plea, .unlefs he migl
have a Copy of his. Indiftment, which was likcwii
admitted. Nestday he dclivtied in his Bill of Ei
eeptioDs to the Indiffnaentj after th.at hedemandM„f(j^
a w
liav(
nio:
livet
tert:
are ■
alTui
efful
fair
fevc
JOUI
me
a Copy of the Judgment given againft him in Parlii
raent, together with the Aft; Then he joined iifi*
and made his defence for feveral hours, and abof
twelve at Night, the Jury brought him in Not Guiltl
.but he was feat back .to iNetvgate, and thence to
Tower, where he continued forne time, and tlid
•turned (^laker, and dying foon after, was buried froi
the Bull and Mouth Meeting place irear Alderfga*
wi:h a numerous company of that party attending
to !)is Grave.
As to the condition of Scotland at tliistime,
Englifh had taken nioft of their ftrcng Towns, Ton
and Caftles, in tlie Low-lands, ycc the High-lancle f,,i
made divers Incuffions upon them, robbing and fc
,ung many.
and then returned to their inacce® :ft j
f afttielfes, where they could not be purfucd, be«
co'mmanded.by the Lords Glencarn, Athol, Seafpn
and others V'r-tte kit of whom fenc a fummons t«
i'iiip- tliat lay at Anchor at Lcwis-Ifland, (havicg'
fore furprized feven or eight men that vventafhoari ifartj-
provifionsj a Copy of which follows:
• Being incited, not only by corifcience, bat honoj
• to ffand firm ,rb the principles of loyalty .but a- liJl
f d!rtlaii}ing;,cyeain rational Interc.o, to f]:opp,£e
Mari
Bat
ions,
as tl
hnci
nder
ard!}
I the
iei
rovi!
ietic;
:n£rs
'm t
auld
t«vei
etnci
live
Lou
Oliver Crom vel. ri7
., a wavering and fervik power as now Ru!etb, I
"'^'"lliare laid hold on tb.ofe men coiue afho.ir as pro-
P®"!meting the farae .• W'jerefore I ruiiinwn you to dc-
o'^nSjliver your VeiVcl for H's Majefcies fervice. and beisg
'■"'certainiy pcrfvvaded that al!, or moft part of you,
are wkn grief of heart imployed in fiich fervice, I
, will
to.tl
lid th
,ie fill
Nes
migli
kcwii
ot Es
lanii I'ofd^g Captain, Maflcr and
Panii Mariners of the Fortune.
ifTiit
abot
iuiltj
CO
d th£
i &o<
rfeas
3g hi
Bat the Captain did not think fit to obey this fuoi-
ions, failing away, and leaving his men behind. And
las they continued awhile in espedation of fupplies
hncnfroai Lieutenant Gen. Midleton, and the Low
ountrics ■, but in the mean time, a confiderable party
fdcr tlie E. of Glencarn were defeated, himfelf
srdly efcaping, and afterward fevcral other parties
, y the Englilh, fo that they could not join. Ac lengtli
ify Midleron arrived from Holland with the cxpcfted
ovifjons of War, and a Comraifliion to be General,
Foii
id
bcii
afpn
ins to
icg
alTure all that will voluntarily lhan the unncceflary
effufionof blood by tharfurrender, (hall have fuch
fair (^larcer as is f.tcing for me to grant, and as your
fevcral conditions do require ; and aocording to
jour demeanours herein, you may CKpeft to find
me your friend accordingly <
Scarorth.
2°''^ id Monroe Lieutenan: General which fo incenfed -
.kiicarn, that he who had imployed his utmoft Inte-
teff't iftin i-jifiiig men, muff now be commanded by
ners, that they quarrelled among themfelvcs. Glen-
m was contented to be Lt. General, but Monro
oisld not agree to it, whereupon a Duel was fought
•"o Ettvecn them, in wfdch Monro being wounded and
loari fan-ned, deferred the fervice with about 500 Gen-
stuen, and agreed with the Governour of Dunbarcon
I 'Jive peaceably at home; others did the like, yet
sue a liJleton flood out fliil, cillfirflinArgyle, and then
Ecfe 'LougharVjhe was by Gen. Monk, and Coll# Morgan,
F Yihoily
! i
I
I f;
df
; ''iib
leet,
'om t
eeauf
itiu!
i3.gal
I the
ng d
eftro
118 The Hijiory of
wholly overthrown, and afterward returned toS
land ; the AlTembly of the Kirk was likewife di!
vcd by Coll. Morgan, and the Clergy fubjefled.
As for Ireland, it was by the Englifh arms broa
' to iiicir a condition, as there was no fear of difl
bance-for the future, only feme few Tories kept tltt
felves jn forae iaaccefTible places, and fometimcs rat
irruptions to fieal and plunder. An high Couti
Juftice was ercftcd there, of which Cock was Pa
■dent, by whom many Irilh, andfomeof theirai t!
.ent Nobility, were fentenced and executed fon 'sGa
bloody Malfacre committed upon the Protellanaw« D
i6'4I. and about 14000 fold to the King of Sp
and many tranfporced into other Countries, tlieif"fdi
being driven into the Province of Connaught,
of which, upon pain of death, they were not to
vvithout leave, Tije other three Provinces, lOI
Mufilkr, and Lenrier, were allotted to the Engl
and all' forfeited Lands divided among fach Ad'
tu rers as had advanced money toward the manigeB
of tiie IriOi atfaira, and for fatisfaftion of the fould
arrears. General Fleetvvood fucceeded Ireton as l
Governor of Ireland, by order of Gen. Crornvveb'
had marrkd histldcfi Daughter Bridget, the Wi' '■
of IrecoB,
The Hsllanders finding little advantage by tlr
with the Englilh, fent four CommilTioners hithei
begin a Treaty; during which there was no ceifati
of arms, fcrat the fame time a remarkable batcelli
psntd between the two Navies,_ July 29. 16
Scouts difcovereda Dutch Fleet irom the Wielingi
about 9 5 met! of War, upon which the Engliili m'
what fail they could after them,, which the ens
perceiving flood away, yet about five in the evei»
near 50 ofche Engliili ingaged,. the reflof theH
being aflern, fo that tltcy bore the whok bruoi
that days fight till Night parted them ■, the 11'' p'J'-j!
were obferycd to fend away their maimed 5hiP'
nc w
lenift
1 ahi
iriivg
efolvi
a.;E
»en. f
efirc
Skel
Ekc(
and
utT
my I
riiep
apta
>urnt,
''as f
ro
e d
ed.
bro3i
Oliver Cromwel. 119
leNight, and in the dark got by with their whole
leet, in order to join 2 5 fail of flout fhips more
om the Texel, which the Englifh could not prevent
OTufe of the foul weather. Next morning the Dutch,'
till! '1th thefc new recruits, fell upon tlie Englifh Fleet
ICS (K
Zom
js Pc
cir
for
flani
the
ht,
OttO'
nil
Engi
|gen;
ould
as I
the
ichtr
;elfa[i
ttelli
;lingi
hmi
?en
he h
oruii;
,e D'
5hif
gallant poflare, and fought couragioufly from five
the morning till one after noon, both Fleets pal-
ng through, and endeavouring to Burn, fink, and
eftroy each other. At length,,the Dutch went off
aifith the' lofs tjf fome fltips, either funk or burnt;
le Garland, a flout man of War, taken formerly by
le Dutch from us, was burnt by the VVorceller ;
if Sp "heTrmrnph and the Andrew were boarded by three
■ I 'utcii Firclhips, and had fome damage in their fails,
lit were quickly cleared, The putch obferving
lenift lves decline, made away direflly for the Tex-
1) and the Englilh being fomewhat clifabled, and noc
sting to venture too ne.ir the Flolland Coafls, it was
Ad' ■fblved that the whole Fleet (liould fail for Sole Bay ;
neEnglilh Admiralsin thisfiglic were Gen.Blake and
'cn, Moiik; Pen was Vice-Admiral, ?,r.d Lawfoti
erc-Admiral. When Monk with the Englifh Fleet
,ve!j and flood out to Sea, the Dutch fuppofed
Wii Isy Hcd for fear, which mideone of the Captains
efire Van Trump to purlue, ' For, faith he, chefc
Skellums dare not fland one broad-fide from your
Excellency,you may fee them plainly running homei
and therefore, my Lord, mils not the opportunity,
at Trump, who underftood better, gave this fhorc
?ply> ' Sir, look to your charge, for were the ene-
my but 2o.:(ail they would never refufe to fight us.
die Englifli liad goo llain in this battel, whereof fe-
Were Captains, and 700 wounded, five of them
veiii -aptains. The Dutch had about gg faips funk and
lurnt, and their renowned Lord Admiral Van Trump
flain in the midfl of the fight, and out of tha
butch maimed fiiips that lay tioacing on the Sea, the
took fix Captain;-, acd about 1000 ochej*
F a
I •,
!l:
jang
lie Si
jers,
lowe
'peals
en i
y a
le U.
ions,
n thi
T 2 o The Hiflvry of
pnioiiers. Tliis was die bloudiell [ngageraent tt
Lad yer happened bctvvecn the two ?>Jat!cns, and!
tlieii v.dour and coritluft, the rariiameht orden
Gold ciiahis to be given to Blake, Monk, I'cn a
Lawfon, as a mark of their favour, and other dial
were befrowed on the Flag Captains, and Medals
filver CO the Officers of die Fleet. It was after knot
by Letters from Holland, that they loft near
choufand men in this battel.
The Parliament having fate about five months,
■which they made fcveral Afts, one for Marriages 6 1!
fore a Jufticcof Peace, another for relief of Prifo
ers, another againft the High Court of Chancery, au
tlier for a Tax for fix months,at 120000 1. per mowl !
at length tliey were ccnfulcing of an Aft for taki
away Tyrhes, a Commfttee was appointed to confidi
of the matter, who brought in their report Dec. i:
1S55. 'That they thought it convctiicnt'diac Cci
« milliorjets be lent into all the Ccntities, andinabli -
' to ejeft fcatidalous and unable Miniftcrs, arid a|
' be irapowered to fettle able Minifters in ail vd
places: That fuchas are, or (halite approvedf ^
fhallbave andfl
publick preachers of theCofpel, ftial]
« joy fuch maintenance a; is already fettled by L® jj.
c That upon hearing and conftdering_ what hath be(
* offered to the Committee touching propriety [^^1*'
■' Tythes, it is their opinion that they have a kf^
' propriety in them.
The Parliament having fpent fevcral days in
" report, pat the Queftion, Whether the Houfe da
agree with the Committee, which was carried in tli
Negative; wliereupon, feveral heats and divifitf
arofe, infomuch that Dec-12. a Gentleman ftoodn
and moved, ' That the fitting of the Parliament,
' then confticuted, would not be for the good cfti'
« €i«>mmon-wea!th, and that therefore it was rcqn
* fite to deliver up to the L. Gen .Cromwelthepo'
f ers which tiiey received from hinn This ntotj"
ipon
It le;
eave
; T1
'eii't
ted
bar
leral
wast
abufe
anda
fcrib;
fltun
aTri
the 5
whei
twer
;nt til!
and
Drdcti
'c?n
r d
idals
knot
ear
ItllS,
i3f:
monl
tak«
onfidl!
5cc.
cCcf
iTiablft
rid i\
il vo)
^ed fi|
jnd
ietv
I ifjj
tii
in
fe do^
. in d
ivifitfi
Dodtj
ent.,
of ill
reqti
e
IMti^
beif
Oliver Cromwcl. 12 f
Jeing feconded by fevera! others, the Houfe rire,a!id
jhe Speaker Mr. Roufejvvith the Majority of the Mens-
' Krs, did,, by a writing under their hands, repgn their
[lowers to Gen. Cromwel, at White -HaUv by their
ipeaker, who thanked them for the pains they ha I ta-
;n for die fervice of the Common-v^ eqltii, thcng'.i
y a flrange fpiri: and perverfe principle in f.mif of
'lie Members, tSiey had mifTed of their good inrey,-
lions. Some of tile Members continued fiiii fitting
iId the Houfe, to whom Coil, Whit^ was fent with a
P^iC^uard of fouldiers, and required them in the Name
j^fthe Getiera] to depart, for the Parliament was dif.
,„fldyed, who replying the contrary, and that they were
pponbufinefs, and ought not to be interrupted, iie
St length compelled them, thoagh unwillingly, to
leave the Houfe.
The Parliament having thus refigned die power gi-
»«ithem,,the \vhole Authority, both Civil and Mi-
Jitary'Q^ the threi^ Nations, was conduded to be de-
olved into the ^|dds of O. Crom wel, who calling a
youncif of Offieersj' with feme others, to eoiifulc of tlie
iettlemehrdf Ih'eGovernment, they, at length refcl.
'ed to have a Common-wealth in a fingie. jierfoii;
lat the perfon fliould be O. Cromwel, Captain Gc-
Jcral of all the Forres in England, Scotlatid, and
'reland, alledging, That it was not Monarchy which
Itvas (juarreU'd at, but the Male adrainiifratioii and
■Jabufes therein, by its prerogative being unliinited
*'tidarbitrary j all which would beavoided by circum-
i 'cribing it in a Proteffor and his Council, a new In-
litiimentof Government, and the fapream power of
'Triennial Parliament, in whom, duringcheir fitting,
|t'ie Soveraign Auchoricy fhoald refide. In purfuance
whereof, a Council was appointed him to confiff of
twenty, but fourteen only were named at prefent;
I-ord L-nmberr,
L. Vifcounc Lille,
General Desborough, »
Sir Gilbert Pickering,
122 The Hiflory of
Major Gen. Skippoii, Francis Roufe, Efqi
Sir Anth. A!Ji. Cooper,
Walt. Strickland- Efq-,
Sir Ch. Woo! fey,
Coll. Phil. Jones,
Rich. Major, Efq;
John Laaicnce, Efq;
Coll. Ed.Montague,
Coll. Will. Sydenham.
And the hifirimient of Govern a.eat defigned to
the found,icion of this new fecclenient, was to tli
etfefl :
' That the Title of O. Cromwel ( I k u 'd 1 el ord Pri
' tedor r.fche Gbramon-wealth of England ,"Scotla!ii
' and Ireland, and the Doiiiinions and' Terricorif
thereunto belotiging: That all proceedings (hall r®
' in the iiameand ffyle of the Proteftor, and all Hi
' noars, OiTices, and Titles to pe derived from hits
' That he may pardon all offences but Treafon aa
' Murder: Tna.: the Militia, during the Pariiamen!
' fhall be in his, and their hands, bui.ia t|ie jntfl
vals, only in his and his Comici!|^. tlisc jafli"
Council may make War and _ Pgaoe '.tvjth ^prdl
por^cgd one
Princes: No new Laws to be
abrogated without confent of P.trliajjqVqi:, ;:K Parlii
ment to be called withinfix months,and afterward
every third year, and if need be oftner, ,which tlii
Proteftor (hall not diffolve v/ithout confent of Pat
liaraen: till aherfive months: The Parliament o
Etiglii'h' co confifl of 400, to be chofen by mori
eq.-s! difiributionsin Counties and Burroughs:
Scotch, thirty to be ekTed, and of fr.Jand .as ma
nv.: The Writs for Eleftiop to pals under the Sa
of the Commoii-v/eakh to the Sheriffs, and if rbe
rroceftoromit, or deny it, then the Con) niiflioiiers
of the ^cal fh-ill be obliged, under pain of Higk
Treafon, to iffae out fiich Writs, and in cafe of
failure in them, the HighSherifs then to do it; That
fuch as ate e'eiPed he recurn-ed ipro the Chancer?
by the chief flagiftratet, Mayer. .SljeriiFor Bayliif)
twenty days before clieSefTion: li the Sheriftj, May
or g:
cure
Thai
mtn
ing:
two
Not!
nor
to h
fixr
be,'
CD a
the
tlie;
Pro
dea
Coi
for
the
adt
the
qui
to'
fe'n
Pre
to
tef
^ fiu
■ of
■ pa
' tio
' ba
' it
' Ik
^ ni
• fo
' th
tc
:rqi
Efqi
ue,
ham
to
d Pro
ti
cork
il] ni
I
him
neni
inta
icJlii
S
arliJ
mi
htlii
Par
nro
nors
; 0;
; iri3'
,yd
che
vai
^'g'!
Oliver Croniwci
or or EayliSf, make a falle recurn, or any c^ay pro-
cure an undue Eitifdon, Jie f!ia!l he nn'^J ;aoo/.
That Bone vvhobive born arms aeainff chc i-'arlia-
mar, liiili Rebels or Papirt;, fta'l be rairabkini be -
ingeieftyd, and in cafe rhey be clo'isd, toidT-tyk
feof
fhat
M
lay
«r
two years Revenue, anil three parts of ciieir Goods';
None are tobeclebed under the Age of at uars,
nor uniefs he be a man of gootl oonveriation; None
to have Voces in PGefficns not wortli eoo /.: Thar
nxcy fliai! make a Quorura : The Prortfior, ifnesd
be, may cai! Perhniienc;. in the int-.ti. .ds of che Tri-
CDaial ones; Thofc Bills tliey make to, be cStri-Oii to
the I'roteftor, wborefufingtofigntlieiain aodavs,
He ' they are to pafs into Afts without hisconfeut: The
Prorefior, with advice of his Council, in itafc of
death, or breach ofrrufl, is tofubftitute newyprivy
Ccuncellors: A competent Revenue fha'l be'fctrkd
for maintaining loooo Horfeand 35000 foot, and
tFie Navy not to be altered or bfrctied vticiiotr the
advice of the Council, ana upon die disbanding of
them, the money to be brought into die Excbe-
qutr for fudtlen occa(ions: No new Taxes nor I aws
to be made without confer,: in parliament; All lor-
felted Lands unfold to belong to the Froteffor: The
Proteftorate to be Elective, but the Uoya! Family
to be e>:cl uded; Oliver Crotyctc'el to be prefenc Pro-
teftor: All the great Offices of tlie Common-weakii,
fuch as Chaficeiior, Keeper of the Seal,. GovernT
of frehnd, Admiral, &c. iftl cy become void in
parliament dme, to be frpplied by their approba-
tion, or in intervals of p mliamenc, with the appro-
bation of the CouncilTh.c Chriflian Religion, as
' it isconrained in the tlo'y Scriptures, to be the pub-
' lick profeirion of theNatlin, and thofc that admi-
'nineritco be maintained by the publick, but by
' feme way more convcnieric, andk-fsliable to.envy
' than Tv tlies; None arc to be compelled to ccnfenc,
' to the publitk profefTion by fine, or any pimift nicnt
Tl'. Z ' r r
■
; ■(
, ':
•
, !■
4,
w!ut-:":'«
The Hijiory of
cx a;
dl, t
;fore
N
r.
ayor
as d
ras p!
V
' ever, but only by perfwafion and arguments: Ni
' tiKi: profcfs Kuth in ]efus Chrifl are to bepioh
' red cite exerdue of their Religion, provided he
' not quarrel with, nor difltub other?, except the
' p'fts and prelaahs, who are debarr'ti chat Licenl
' Ail Sjics of Edates, made by p>arli,arasnc, to f!)
' good ; Aii Artidesof War to be made good : S |any'
' Uhly, the proceihor and his luccefTar, upon entr; ifcon
' di.icdiarge, to fwcar to procure, by all iTicans, i
' iicace. qu e:, anti welfare cf the Comnton-weali
' to c)b;crve dftie Articles, and to admiriificr
' thii-gs ill his power, according to the Laws, Sratmi
' and Cufio.ms of England,
A'ttrthis, Dec. id. 1553. theprotcftor came frC
Whicc-Ha'l CO the Chancery Court at Weftminfie
amended by the Lords Commiffioners of the Ore
f'ea! of England, the Barons of the Exchequer, at
Judges in their Robes, the Council of cheCommoi
wealth, the L. Mayor, Aldermen, and Recorder
London, in their fcarlec Gowns, and many of die clii
Oidiccrs of the Army. A Chair of State being ret;tt
i'rocedor ftood on the left hand thereof uncoverci
till the Inffrument was read, which he fubfcribed
t! iC face of die Court, and rhcn fsvore to perform a
fol'nws
' f promife, in the prefence of God, nor to viohi
' or infringe die matters and things contained in, '
InilrumcriC, but to obferve, and caufe the tame
be observed, and in all things to the beft of niv u3 i'lY:
derft.jndiug, will govern thcfe Nations acvtording 0
tiie f.aws, Statutes, andCidbms, and to fcck thci
pe;;ce,_ and caufe Jiiffice and Law to be equzlij
and
verr
ftivi
Oliv
ofd
of t
hjv
do,
ly t
per
any
and
ven
Bay
tio!
ten
Th
heir
Old 1
Nai
and
adniinidrC'
,H.;reupou he fate down covered in the Chair, tht
Lords ConfirniiTioners then dciivercd him the Great 1
Seal of England, and the Lord Mayor his 5ivord anil l"4s
Cap of maintenance, whic'n he inHantly rernrned :
H'hen tlie Court role, and die i'roteflor was attenricf
;ol3i
ng E(
th« ®'
isilj
Oliver Crorawel. 125
; N( ok as before, to the BaRquetting Hoiife at White-
. oh ill, the Lord-Mayor bare headed carrying the Sword
1 he ifore him, where an exhortation being made by
:he| r. Nicholas Lockier, oae of his Chaplains, the Lord
cenl ayor, Aldamcn, and Judges departed. And thus
> 111 as the ProteSorconfirmed in this high Dignity,tho'
: ,'li any ot his Oflccrs, and former admirers, were much
ntr: ifcontentcd tj^erea", but to command obedience,'the
!s, t ouncil emi.^d the following Proclamation, which
real! 'as pub'ifli^ in England, Scotland and Ireland,
let ' Where® the late Parliament difliJived therafelves
atuii and refign^ their powers and Authorities, the Go-
vernm-rncbya Lord Proteftor, and fucceilive ele-
; frc ftive parlianOTts is now eflablifhed: And whereas
inflc Oliver Cromwel, Captain General of ail the Forces
Grf of this Common-wealth, is declared Lord protcSor
31 of the fiiid Nations, and hath accepted thereof. We
imoi hive therefore thought it necelEiry, as we hereby
leri do, CO make publication of the premifes, and ftrift-
cliii h' to charge and commandall and every perfon and
-■t-tl perfons, of what quality and condition focver, in
■ei'ci anyofthefaid three Nations, to cake notice hereof,
ed i to conform and fubjeft themfelvts to th.2 Go-
mi a ^'^tnment fo eftabliflied : And a 1 Sheriffs, Mayors,
BaylifPs, &:c. are required to publilh tins proclsma-
cion, to rhc end that none may have caufe to pre-
tend Ignorance in this behalf.
ie (1. The Proccftor began his reign with feeming fere- '
y us I'ty, and when the different parties in Religion made :
iheir complaints to him againfi each other, he ufually '
Id them, ' That his polvcr wa.s no greater in tiie :
Nation than a Corilfaoles, which was to keep peace I
and.quiecnefs among all parties. And per.Tianc tothe |
tin inwer given him by thenewlnflruraenc, hefupplics'j
real -'ts feveral Courts at Weflminffsr with the ablcft ■
a:;J fudges and Lawyers; and the City of London,to Ricw
ed: fheir concurrence to- this great change, invite the '
)dci i^toteftcr C3 Dinner at Grocers-Hall, Feb; 8.
lacSl F 4
A.'hr.ed--,'
nc
■
ii>( i
■'i ■ I
Ir
' t': I
1,1'!■
'if-'-
i
\ }. i't I
ill
iitl
AfiiwediiefcJay, the Streets were railed to Teinpfc
bar, the Livery-men tiai-ding in their Gowns •, hi
, was met at Temple-bar by Alderman Vyner Lcn
J'ayor, who delivered him tVe Sword, and receivin
it again, bote i-r. on Hotfeback bate-headcd before hii
all the way. After a Noble enterrainmenr, he wa
feiredwith a Banquet; intheconclufion whereof;ht
Knighted Sir Th-o. Vyner, and would have done the
lame to the Rcccrder Steel, but he declined it."
The Hollanders being weary of the Wars whicli
they had maintained with fuch little fuccefs, andfo
I great cofi, fend commiifioners to treat with the pro-
' teiicr for a peace between both Nadons, which ai
length was concluded both with the King ot Penm'arli
! and the Dutch, who weie to pay the charge of th«
War, money being very ncceffary in his new Govern-
mcnt; and in April following, it was prorJainieii
with great foleninity in London, till: two Dutch Am-
bafladors making magnificent Treatments and Fire-
works to demonftrate their fatisfaftion therein
The Pfotcftor now fends his eldefi Sob Henry into
Ireland, of wliich he was made Lord Deputy foon af
tcr, and General Monk was fenc into Scotland: like-
wife the Lord Whitlock, who was fenc Ambafladof,
by chelaft parliament, to the of Sweden,had nov
a new corj.mifTionfent liim from the Lord proteftor,
: in whoi'c Name he contit.ued the Treaty with chat
, Crown, and afterward finifhcd it. In March follow-
,, ing, Morfteur Bordciix was fenc Anibaffador to Eng-
I land from the French King, aiiil Sir Anthony Afhly
Cooper, Coil. Sydenham, ar,d Mr. s -cricklanJ, were
, appointed Commifrionefs fay tjie proceflpr to treat
with him, foriiat he wasownpd abroad as well as at
peat
ged
bie \
he V
with
Priti
Hou
tcr,
and
the.
(ho!
the
Gen
.home, King Charles was thep 5n the French Ccurt,
j wfao finding, that nQCwsthfianding his own and his
^ Mothers endeavours to the contrary, the Treaty be-
^ tween France and England was vigoroiifly profecuted
fay Cardinal Mazarine, and forefeeing chat if the
peace
ter,
m
ed,
ticft!
titer
tetic
ted
tard
Died
fam-
attl
rah
con(
Nev
ing.
tu h
and
kr.
don
fto-c
the-
l-ro!
s i hi
r Lcn
eivin;
re !iii
le m
eof;hf
ne the
wliicli
ind
r prO'
lid) at
.irn'ark
)f the
)vern'
aimed
!i Am'
Fire'
y intc
on at'
I ike
lad! or,
i no'.v
edor,
hi diat
)Il0W'
Eng.
Afhly
were
I treat
! as at
icurt,
d his
ty be
cured
f the
peace
Oliver Or&m'v:ef. 127
peace were concluded, he and hit party raufl be obli"
ged to depart France, he thought it more Honoura'
ble voluntarily co leave that Kingdom thatrto Hay til'
he were forced out by a complemeac; fo i!ic King'
with his Brother the Duke of York, and his -Courins
Prince Rupert and Edward, retired to Chattillon, a
HDufeof the Prince of Contles, from whence foon af-
tcr, the King and Prince Rupert went into Germany,
anti indeed it. happened as they fufpeQed, for one of
the Articles of the French King vyith t!ic proteftor
was, Tiiat none of the Royal Family of England
Ihould refide \a the Dominions of France.
JO Feb. 1554. fcvcral perfons were committed to
the TQwer, aboutaconfpiracy agair-fi tlie p'rottiftor,
the chief whereof Sir Gilbert Gerrani, Coil, John
Gerrardlii'. brother, the E. of-Osforil, Mr.PIiiiip For-
ter, Mr- Voweli a .SdioOl-maRer at Iflington, arid in
June following, an High Court oF Jiiflice being etefl-
ed, they were brought before them, and rh.trged to
defign the AffalTination of the ■ Lord prateftor, and
thereupon Coll. Gerrard, and Mr. Vov.'ell, "were fen-
teticed to be hanged, which was accordingly execii-
ted upor, Mr. Voweli at Charing-crofs, and Coll.Gcr-
taril was beheaded at Tower-Hill, whoexprefsly dc-
lied the intention of the fa'ft, With him, upon the
fame Scaffold, but not upon the like account, ftiffered
that time Don Pantalion Sj, brother to the Portu-
ga! Ambaffador then Rcfideh: iri, England, who upon
conceit that he had received fome affront upon the
New-Exchange in the Strand, came tiiither one even-
jug with a crew of idle fellows, Lacquies rfnd Servants
to hiiTifelf and his brother, armed wit-hp'iffols.rwords,
and Hand-Gran.adots, and'firinga pillol, kill.done
fcr. Greenway •ffanding quietly at a -Stall, and had
done farther mifchief, if this Coll, Gerrard h,ad no:
ftop'd their fury, and with his fword drawn driven
them ail down'ftairs; upon heartngthe matter, ihe
Proteftor refolved the murderers fltould faffer with-i
118 The Hiflcry of
out refpeftot perlons, and it appearing, that though
the pcrfoti who committed the murder was a Knight
of fvfalta, and had made his efcape, yet that this No-
ble-man and the refi were acceflaries, he and four
more of the Ambaftadors were tryed and found guiity,
with an Iriih youth : Don Pantalion was beheaded
with Coll. Gerrard, the Irilh boy was hanged atTy-
lutrn and the other four pardoned and peace being
foon after concluded witli the K. of Portugal,the Am-
baliador forrowfuily departed.
In the fame month a (h p fell accidentally on fire
on .Southwarlt fide, as fhe lay at Anchor, which be-
jug cur away, the (hip wasdrivcn by the (lowing tyde
up:i;i a (htlf near tlie bridge, where (he (luck, and
I lew up her powder •, there were eight perfons ki!-
led, one a Df.aper upon his Leads by the plank of the
Ship, and had the blow been any nigher, it might
have indangered the bridge it feif.
The Lord Proccflor, in purfuance of the late Infiru
menc, rcfoN-ednow to call a parliament, and Writs
were fcnc out for their meeting, Stpt. g. 1554. at
Wefiminfier: Being affembled accordingly, the Pro-
xeflor .went by MAater from White-Hall to the Parlia-
nient-Houfe, and fending for the.Members into the
Painted-Chamber, he defired their company to hear
a Sermon a: the Abby-Churcn the next day, and after
wards he would impart his mind to tliem. About
} .Nine iscxc morning, Bis Highrsefs rode in his Coach to.
I Church, with whom fate his 5on Henry, and the
Lord Lambert; The Pages went before, and his Gen
tlemen in -rjch Liveries marched bare headed : On
one fide ofohp C-oach walked Mr. Strickland, one of
the Coutycilj'and Captain, of the Guards, together
" with the mafler of the Ceremonies; On the other fide
I was Caps. Howard Capt, of the Life-Guard: Thefe
■ were followed by the_ Lords ComraKfioners of the
Great 5eal, the Commilfioners of theTreafury, and
h I k Privy^-Coupcil, io their Coaches, and in the rere
c.jme
the C
born
Dr.l
cnde
paint
ira
Prot
Oliver Cromwel.
lugh
ighc
No'
four
ft)',
idcd
Ty.
eing
Am-
fire
I be-
yde
and
ki!"
"the
ight I
Iru-
'^rits
.. at
Pro-
rlia'
the
icar
"rer-
lour
hto.
the
/en*
On
e of
her
Me
lefe
the
and
•ere ]
129
c.ame the proteaors Ordinary Guard. As he entred
the Church, four maces, the purfe, and a fword
born by the Lord Lambert, were carried before him ;
Dr. Tho. Goodwin preached the Sermon,which being
ended, the Proteflor and the Parliament went to the
painted-chamber, where there was an appearance of
a number of grave judicious perfons, to whom the
froteftor fpake to this effeft:
' Gentlemen, The parliament that are here met
this day, are fuch a congregation of wife, prudent,
' anddifcreetpeFfon6,c'nat England hath never fcarce
' feen the like, and few could have thought of fuch
' a door of hope not many years ago, and therefore it
' would have been very neceffary and worthy fuch
' an Affembly to give a relation of the feries of Gods
' providences ail along to thefe very times, but that
' being very wellknown to mofi of ypu, I fhall at pre- ,
' fent omit it, and proceed to declare to you in whan
' condition thefe Nations were when the prefent Go-
' vernment was erefted: It was apparent that every
■ mans heart was againft another, and every mans in-
' tereft divided againft each other, and wc had then
' fuch different humours, that every thing almoft was :
' grown arbitrary. There was alfog'townup age- ;
' neral contempt of God and Chriff, and the grace of ■'
• God was turned into wantonnefs,and his fpirit made ■;
' a cloak for all rfianuer of wickednefs and profane-
' ncfs; Nay, the Ax was laid to tlie root of the mini- -l'
' ftry, and the fifth monarchy was highly cry'd up
' by perfons who would alfume the Government, bu' j'
' that defired thing wants greater manlfeffation that
' has yet appeared, before men ought to change tlu
' ■ Authority to make way for it. While thefe thing' ,1 j
' were in themidff ofus, and nothing but confufit^
' in the hearts and minds of feme men, fvvarrascj 'I.
' popirn Priefis and Jefuitcs daily arrived here, t
* raife and foment divifions againft the peace and qu'
^ et of the Nation: And at the fame time the Natio
w!
h]
■1'
130 7hs Hiflory of
' was likewifp ingaged in a deep War with Forcugall
' Holland and France, fo chat we were in a hejpofrP'''"
' confufioii, and it was abfolutsly ncceffary thataj?"?
' fpeedy remedy fhoald be applied thereto, and thiir
' has been in agrcac meafuredone fincethe fcttlingl®'"'
' of this Government, which is clearly calculated fotl? '"
^ the peoples Interett, let malignant fpirits fay whatl "
' they will, and therefore w'uia hnmbkners towanll®^"
' God, and modefty towards you, I will recoent
' fomedting in the behalf of this Government. For,
' firft, ft hath endeavoured to reform the Law; It
' hath put into the feats of jaffice men of known la-
' tegricy and jufiice : ft hacli fettled a way for trial
' and probation of rairnifers co preacii the Gofpel: |
' And bcfides all tliis, It hath called a Freeparlia-
' menc; blclTcd be God chat this d.iy you fee a Free
' parliametic. As for tlie Wars, a peace is made with
' Sweden, Denmark:, the Dutch and Fortugai, and
' otie likewife very near concluding with France ;
.♦ yet thefe things are only entrances, and open door
« of hope. Butnow, Gentlemeh, I make no quetii-
5^ on to inable you to lay the top ftonc of this work,
' and I lhall recommend this maxim to your conih'
' deration, That peace, though it be made, is not to
be trufted farther than it confills with Interefl: i
and one great work that at prefent lies before this
Honourable Aflerably, is, That theGovermenc of
Ireland may be fcrcled in t-erms of Honour, and that
you would avoid con'ufions, left Foreign States
Ihould take advantage by them. And as for my
„ felf, I affure you, I do not fpeak as one chat would
Lord it over you, but as one chat would be a fellow
fervanc to you in ciiis great alfair; and fo to concl ude,
I defire youto repair to your Houfe, and ule your
• liberty in choofinga Speaker.
Tiie Proteftor having concluded his Speech, the
Ji'erabers immediately repair to riicir Houfc, and
,,!ere choofe William Lcnchal, Eiq-, m-ifter of the
Rolls,
iROilS
pric
who
ligte
pa
' to
' 0^
' ti
' et
' tl
' ft
' s
'h
fee
an?
Ini
dn
irr
it
ch
'tUgill,
Cjpof
tllKl
cl chii
ttliiw
:d fat
Oliver Crcjnwer
131
Roils to be-their Speaker; after vvliki!, they begin
spoil the Inftrument of Governin-'iit, and the quelii-
onis in the firif place propofed, Whether the Legi-
llative power fliould be in a iingle perfon or a parha-
ment. Thofe of tli^ procsftors party endeavour by
all means pofTible to perfwade them, That it fhould
be noC^ieiTion, but be abfoiutely carried in theaffir-
mative. This was as rigoroufly oppofed by the ma-
jority of the Hoiife, and aniong the reft, a Gentleman
who hjd^ll along ftron ly oppofed Monarchy as dif-
agreeable to his Intereft, flood up and faid, ' The
' parliament cannot but difcerii the fnares that are laid
' to incrap the priviledges of the people, and for my
' own part, as God lias ma , e me Inftrumenral in cui-
' ting down Tyranny in one perfon, fo now I cannot
' endure to fee the Nations liberties (hackled by ano-
' thet, whole Right to the Government can be mca-
' fured out no ocherwife than hy the length of his
' Sword, which was the only thing that emboldened
' him to command his Commanders, Many others
feconded this motion, confirming what he had faid,
and diredl'y againft a (ingle perfon.
Thefe debates and divifions upon the proteftors
Inftrument, which continued eight days fucceftively,
did muchdifturb him, fearing they Would produce
irreconcileable differences, and tlierefore to remedy
it in time, and put the parliament into a milder tem-
per,, he goes from White-Hill to Weftininfter, and
fending for the members then fitting into the painted
chamber, he thus addreffes them:
s Gentlemen, The God of Heaven knows what
' grief and forrow of heart it is tome to find you fal-
' ling into heats and divifions, but J would have you
' take notice of this. That the lame Government madt
' me proccftor which made you a parliament, and
' that as you are intrufted with feme things, fo am
' with others, and that in the Government there an
! certain Fundamentals which cannot be altered, A
The Hifiery of
That the Government fhould be in a fingle per.|vingtr
' fon and a parliament; 2. That parliament (liouU
' not be perpetual; 3. That the militia fhould not
' trufled into one hand or power, but fo that tlie
' parliament fhould have a check upon the protcidor,
' and the prstetllor on the parliament: 4. That in
' matters of Religion there ought to be Liberty ol
' Confcience, and that perfecution in the Churcli
* was not to be Tolerated. The reft of the things in
' the Government are examinable and alterable as the
' flate of affairs do require, and for my own part,my
' heart is even over-whelmed with grief, to fee that
' any of you fliould endeavour to overthrow what is
' fettled, contrary to theTruff received from the
' people, and which cannot but bring very great in-
' conveniency upon your fclver and the Nation.
This was the -fubflance of his pcrfwafions, but
doubting that this would not fufficiently bring them
over to his Interefti^ he contrived a Recognition and
acknowledgment, which was to be -figned by every
member before he fliould be admitted to fit in the
floufe, as followeth:
' I do hereby proinife and ingage to be true and
' faithful to the Lord Proteftor of the Common-
' wealth of England, Scotland and Ireland, and fhaf
' not (according tp the tenor of the Indenture where
' by I am returned to ferve in parliament) propofe
' or give any confent toaiter the Government as it is
' fettled in oneperfon and a parliament.
This was fabfci ibed by feveral of the members, tho-
the greater number at firfl refufed, efpecialiy thofe of
the lace long parliament, fo that of 400 there appear-
ed only 200, but afterward were made up 900,
who fcll-afrelh tlpoa the fame difputes, atid run over
ill the Articles of the Inllrument of Government,
•■elblving to have the fudgment of the whole Houfe
bpon them in one entire Bill, and lo prefenc it, there-
moiiil
yet ft
eKpfr(
witho
ted t!
by CO walk ynie, and hinder the ProtefLjr tram ha-
v.ing:
Th
ties to
Mona
efus.
cond
tsd t
md,
none
Olive
The
andr
ing '
difca
nfcer
prifc
orde
Brar,
then
and
Reg!
now
repi
AfiC
(upi
E
hav
triv
on€
ma
we'
ol
! per-
lonlJ
ot
c the
ftor,
at ia
Y
urch
gsin
5 the
tliat
Oliver Croinwcl. - 133
vingmoney which he nmdi wanted, Co that after five
nionihs dilatory proceedings, and chat they had not
yet fettled hlni in the Government, the time being
espired wherein,the Jnfirument gave him leave,
without lofing one day, nayfcarce an hour, hediffol-
ted the parliamenr.
^ This c'ifioludon incouraged the moft oppofite par-
ties .to confpire againft the Proteftor, chat is, the tilth
Monarchy men and Royalifls,, the firft expeftcd Kirg
Jefus, or the erefting of a fifth Kingdom, the ft-
cond Iqnged for the Refforation of King Charles,
isd the Proteftors Favourites defired King Oliver,
Jnd,every party tnanifefled their impatience, but
Hone of them could attain their wifhes, and when
Oliver might afterwards, yet he thought it not fafe,
The prtaeftor was not ignorant of their defigns,
andrcfolvcd firft to deal with the weakeft, for find-
ing tliis Milltonary principle fpread in the Army, he
difcarded Major General Harrifon and coll. Rich, and
«ftcr fent them, with coll Carew, and Courtney,
prifoners to remote Caftles, and General Monk had
order to feize Major General Overton, and Ma^r
Bramfton, Holmes, and other Officets, and rafhier
them. Overton was fent iipprifonerco the Tower,
and his Reglraenc given to coll. Morgan, colI.Okeys
Rcgimera: was ^iveu to the Lord Howard Coraet
now collonel Joyce, v/as likewife difmift, having
reproach'd Croinwel to his face with his fervices.
And thus the danger from the Army was quickly
(upprefs'd.
But the defign of the Royalifts, or Cavaliers, would
have been more form!d.ib!e, had not the whole con-
crivance thereof been difcovercd to the Proteftor by
one Manning, who was with King Ciiarles in Ger-
many, and a Spy upon ail his aflions; fo that Crom-
wel knew the rife and progrefs, and firft appearance
of thofe Arms againfl him, without being furprized,
though
tory
of
though all the Gentlemen ot that party tri
were one way or other ingaged,or at kafi pnvy toKilg[,(j-„
I'lijr rVri=» -I'a
-'-J v't.iK.i ii!ga^cvt,ui at n.a(i p-IV y iu»M
but the feizing the principal of them throughout tk]
KiiigdoirSv a little before the execution, much frafrJ'
t » » v- ^ - - - - -• —
ng an
loath
ted the probable clfefts of that Infiirrecdion. Tji'ltayi-.
L- Mayor was fent for and acquainted with it, and the ,pyjy
rriiluiafctt'ed, Skippon being made Major-General!
All Uorfe Races lorbuldeii, and feveral diffofute per juj^^
fbns were feized upon fufpicion; Counter plots were
ufed, all forts of Ammunidon being fent down to (c- jju ,
veraiGcntJemens HoafesAridi Letters without Names,
and the Gentlemen for not difcovering them rccaretli|j|. p
Yet notvvithflanding all thefe difcouragements, tlie jj U q ,
VVcflern Alfociation thought themfclves ingaged in jyn;;,
honour to rife upon the day appointed,, and which jjjg
they bad fignified to K. Charles,' who was come from hqq ,
Colen CO the Seacoaffs, .in order to have paffed over .yj,
to his friends with the firft opportunity .; according-
ly, March ir. 1(354. a party of 200 under Sir Jofeph
Wagfiaff, coil. Pcnruddock and Grove, marcli'd into
—I .t-_T t T> ti 1 %.Tr I -t
claring cnecauie ot their apptai
iniury, or taki.ig any money, which lay in Serjeant
I Maynards and other Lawyers ch.imbers proniilsngto
I return and break their fafls with the Judges provhlorls
(Which they.did, andincrcafcd the!.- nurnberto ton/
I hundred, tlie whole City being we!! alFc(3ed to jj;
(Tiience they marched to B'.anford, where coll. Pea- I,-;
ruddock himtc-lf proclairacfl the King in. the Mirket- bjt
- 1 /I • — ' -
tijplace, and fq marched Weflward, Captain Buder,
jwich twoTroops of Cromwcls Horfe, following at a
■ gdillance in their Rcre, to give them opporturnty of
jincrearing; but by the Proceftors raking up fomaiiy
: jbelore, very few- came in, and many deferccd when
.they faw no hopes of the number of four thoufand
%',v,k;\u J ---* - '
lily f
whic
to hi
Eng'
who
ty t
they
ihis
ibwhich was promifed and expefted
Coll, Periraddock finding his atiairs defperafe, r;-
folvcd
glanJ
:oic
It the
jOrt'
The
li the
cril:
pet'
were
■0 k'
mcs,
iretl,
the
i in
hich
Toni
over
ling
feph
im
vere
de-
:hcr
:ant
gto
Dll
ha.r
■ m.
'en-
rer-
!er,
!t a
of
my
ten
mil,
Oliver CrqmweL '35
blved to try Devonfliire and Cornwall, and in this
ondition a'oout i oo of the mod refolnte,without (lay-'
3g any where, came hungry, lleepy and weary, to
ionthmolton in Devonfiiire, hoping at word to get a-
fay by Sea, but thatNight their Quarters wefe beaten
pby Capt. Crook,about ten a clock, and feme Houfes
arced, but coll. Penruddock maintained his Qaarrers
iil he had Articled with the Captain, and thegTurren-
!red himfelf 5 with him were taken coli. Jtmes.'a Kinf-
wn of Cromwels, coll. Grove, and fixry other pri-
oners, with 120 Horfe, but Sir Jofeph WagflaST,
It. RobertMafonjEfq; Clark, and Mr. The..Mom-
Jtiron, efcaped beyond Sea, and fo this rifing was
inickly fupprefl. There were fo.me appearances of the
leat'Ruftord-Abby in Nottingham-fhire, at Heiifkm-
iQor in yorklhire, and in the Counties of Montgomc-
fy and Cumberland, for which fome few were eate-
tuted; but thofe weak efforts, with fome othersxame
iothing,and the Kings Rcfioration which was migh-
lity e?:peSed at this time, proved unfuccesful. After
whidi, the King difcovered the Treachery of Manning
to him upon thisoccafion ; Some Gentlemen going for
England, came to take leave of the King at Cokn, to
whom the King wifhed a good Journey,,and profperi-
ty to their Defign ; when thev arrived in England,
they were feized, and examined before the Proreftors
Cound! whether they did no: (peak wirhthc King fuch
5day, repeating what pad between them. Advice
hereof being fent the King, he recollefted that hone
hijc coll. Tuke and this Manning, vvho held tlie candle.
Were prefcnt at this paiiiigc; He declared the whole
tr.attcrro the coiloncl, wIm invcii fuiprized protcfled
his innocency, and by the Kings comm.and went di-
foflly to Mannings chamber, and not flaying open-
tig the door, forced it, and fouGtl him chewing of. pa-
pcrs, and a packet by him newly come from Thurlce
theProreftorsSccret-ary ; at which. Manning was fo
tiuch aflcnifh'd, he could not (peak a word. His Fa-
ther
13 <5^ The-'fjiflory of
fher was kill'd in the Knigs fsrvice, and hrmfelf hi wii
been Secretary terhe E. of Pembroke, and upon tfc ffg
account wasintruftsd with the Kings fecrets. Ac ti [.jHqi
inftance of the whole Court, the King ordered hii .jingt
to be flrot to death in one of the Caffles ot the Dui .
of Newl)urg. The Proteftor hid drawn 4000 fq
from freiand, and doo Uorfe from Scotland, bi j
upon qiieliing thisRifing, they were remanded. Col jfjon,
Penruddock, and coll. Grove, were beheaded, at jj^op
feveo otliers were hanged at Exeter. hargr
The Proteftor had a great while been preparin|i Jnyj j
mighty h'Uet, with all neceffary provifions, for fomi jjcru
notable Enterptize, and every one fearing their owi Kfs^ ,
States, could not guefs whither this defign tended (
Ac length, thofe va(f preparations produced two migh' ^ fre
ty fleets, one under the command of General Blake,
which was fitted only for the Sea, and fent to the
Streights; the other, about two months after, was
committed to the charge of Gen. Pen, who was to
take aboard him an Army under General Venabkii
Thefc Land Forces being about 5000, were divided
into the feveraLShips, which were thirty fail of men
of War, but had not neceffary.provifions for fo great
an Army, the Commanders not knowing whither,
nor how far they veare to go.
Dec. 19, I 4. This Fleet fet fail from Porrfmouth
direftly to the Barbadoes, where the Generals hat!
' order to break open their CoraraiiTions, th.s being
' the appointed place of Rendevouz, whither having !
fair wind, they arrived }.m. 29. following, and land
bled all their men in Carlille-Bay.
I The fudden departure of thefe two great Fleets,
slc.iufed the King of Spain, vvho doubted they were
iidcfigned againft him, to fend the Marquefs de Leda,
i! Governor of Dunkirk, into England as Extraordinary
1'Ambaffador, to ptnetrace into this grand Court fecrer,
f ;bat having fpent feveral days after liis arrival, without
Receiving chat fatisfaffion he defired, he returned
there
there
any a.
ed di
in fij
again'
•War
That
and a
land!
ViflO!
the '1
hope
whic
1 whol
Viae
cngfs
tions
St, I
eitht
any
back a^din.
Oliver Cromwel. 137
Whilft the Fteec was at Barbadoes, the Officers
toe very diligent in tiieir charges, andcaufed the
Hops which they had brought from England ready
jamed, tobefetup, and the water Casks to be trim-
^ led; Two Frigates are fent to St. Chrifiophers and
30 fy men to compleat their Regiments, and
d> « orm Regiments out of the Seamen to ferveupon oc-
afion. At length, they fhip'd dooo men, and a
''j froop of Horfe raifedby the Barbadians at their own
large, and failing thence, March gt. 1655.
'rin^ Says arrived at Sc. Chrifiophers, where they had a
■ fonii HjQfujt of J goo Voluntiers, mofl: fervants to the plan-
Ws, who willingly ingaged, becaufe duriag the time
ndd; i|,jirCgrvice went on, and they might afterward be
ro# IS free as their mailers, fo that though the Fleet was
Blake, drengthned by feizing twenty Dutch (hips, trading
to tht there contrary to Articles, yet they vvere all full, tho'
there were fcarce provifions for half the number, if
any accidentfhonl"'
tables
ither,
louth
had
being
•inga
land-
leers,
were
,eda,
nary
crer,
iiouc
rned
ed direftly tor Hifp:
dd happen. From hence they fleer-
ifpaniola, and April 1:5. ySjj. came
vided it, Pig],,, of Domingo, the principal Town, and
againft which, they chiefly defigned." . A Council of
great ^ar being called, it was unanimoufly concluded,
That GeneralVenablesfhouldland vvith his Forces;
and accordingly, next day he fent afiioar fcven thou-
fandFoot, a Troop of Horfe, and three days pro-
vifioD, about ten or twelve Leagues Weflwarcl of
tlie Town; the Souldiers were even ravifhed with the
liopcsof the mountains of Gold they ffiould obtain,
which feemed to put univerfal courage through the
whole Army, fo that there appeared a certainty of
Viftory. But the General, whether by order, or to
cngrofsall to himfclf, #)on quelled their expefta-
tlons by making proclamation, That upon the taking
St. Domingo, no man (liould prefume to plunder
either money, plate, or Jewels, or to take or kill
Cattel whatfoevcr, upon pain of death.
This
any tame
The Hifiory of
This it was judged defeated the whole defign, ti M! t!
S'juldicrs being unwilling to endanger themfchi indei
when there was no profpeft of advantage ; howfoevi jet o
they were obliged to march forward, tno' with roue jath,
difficulty, pafTing through fuch thick Woods till ipani
they were forced to cut their way, and could not fit jroes
a drop of frefh water, fo that with the drought caufc kir
by the exc'ciffive heat of the Sun, which even pierce iroac
thei-Brains, and their difcontcnr of mind, Cfor fel avir
row is dryj raofl of them were faint and difabled. taddi
Having in two days got through the Woods, wiili who
out oppofition from the Spaniards; they at length joii (hot
cd coll. Eullards Brigade, confining of three Regi filh,
ments of foot, whom Admiral Pen had landed on th with
fide of the Bay, about two Leagues from the Town then
near a River of frefh water, being the appointed re> Arm
devouz of the whole body, which now confiffed if with
nine or ten thoufand men, but raofl of them fo weal himi
as hardly able to go, much lefs to light, yet bcitij find
joined they marched on, not doubting but to take tin fold
Town quickly. A Forlorn Hope of 500 men, u! Eae
der Capt. Cox, the chief guide to tliis place, advaS'
ced firfl. after whom followed the whole Army ; be
ing within four miles of the Town, a (mall party ol
Horfe fudderily encounter the Forlori) Hope, and in
an inflant routed them, forcing them through tlie ncS
Regiment, which they likevvife put to Si^ht, and hid
' flain moft of them, but that the wlwle Array came up
' to their relief. After which, the Spaniards raarchol
back to tlvc'ir Fort in good order, and with little loft
but nearfifcy Englifh were fiaia, beiidcs Captain Coi
their Guide.
I The General hereupon retreats to tine River to re
i; frefh his men with water, %hich caufed theirweak
h nefs, relblving once more to attempr carrying the
[, Town, caufnig Scaling ladders to be made, and tvvO
1 fmall Drakes, with a Mortar-piece, to be landed frodi
\ the Fleet, and conveyed by water near the Town j
All
Oliver Cromwel.
339
;n, tl MI things prepared, they march forward, fome guid^?»
afclvi indertaking to carry them a private way out of dail-
focvi jer of the b'orc, but mifling it, they fell into the fame
iTiut iaih, and into worfe mifchief than before, for the
5 till ipaniards liaving notice of their march by the Ne-
otfiDjroesand Molactocs, refolved to entertain them in
paufc iieirpaffage, and April 25. the whole Arm); ap-
icrcc iroaching near a brick Fort built by the Spaniards,
)r fei aving nine good Cannon, and 300 men, they were
fiddeniy charged by a party hid among the Trees,
who though not above feventy, firR fired a Volley of
Hiot upon the Forlorn, and thcri flew in upon the Eng-
already weary, and near choakM with thirft,and
nifh their Steel Lances routed, in a'moment, both
them and tiie Generals Regiment, with near half the
Army, who flying back into the Rear, pofleflthein
with fuch a pannick fear, that every one ftiifted for
himfelf, the Spaniards purfuing wi.h great (laughter,
finding no refiftance but from M, Gen. Haines, who
fold his life at a dear rate, fighting'' p*'he midft of his
Enemies; at length, the Spaniards weary of killittg,
retreated with feveiiEnglifh Colours. Of theEnglifh
600 were llain on the place, goo wounded, and 209
fled into theWood: to lave thtmfelves,and vvere there
hnoclfd on the head by the Ma'atto's and Negro's.
Upon this difafler, the Army thar Night drew up
to the Sparulh Fort, and planted a Mortar convenient,
ly igainff it, all things being in readinefs for a battery,
when on'a fudden the Army was commanded to draw
«ff, and withoutdoingany damage, maixhed to their
old watering place the Bay, vvhcre being arrived.and
Wanting Viftuals, they were forced to go out in par-
ties to "fetch it, forae never returning, being kill'd by
the Negroes, till at laft they were forced, by fanfme,
ro eat the Horles of their o\vn Troop. In th;', tnife-
rabk ftafe they contimtsd fome days, at length it was
refolved, that-May g. they (hould all go aboard, arui
in ten dayschey arrived in the chief Port of Jamaica
calif .
d.
wiJi
ijoii
Regi
m.tlK
foivii
d rcJ
'edii
weal
beiiif
<t tlK
Ut'
dvaii'
5 bc;
•ty ci
nd in
nesi
1 ha^
letip
chcil
; !af!i
CoK
0 re
eak-
gthe
two
froOi
wn t
Engi;
tedef
fonah
thati
dud£
140 The Hijlory of
calleJ Orirtaiio, where they had better fiiccefs, fo«
tlie Town, and then the Array -hegan #
cake up choir Habitations, and to plant. This w!
the firfl: pianting of this gaiiant Illand by the.Englilli,
which has fince grown fo rich and popuiocs, and 0
_fo great advantage CO this Kingdom,' and chey gainel
it the more eafily, becaufeac their landing it was r(
folved by a Councii of War, that if any man curne iory
his back to the enemy, his bringer up fhoiild kill him
And the Spaniards having no Inteliigence of tliei
late overtiirow at Hifpaniola, nor indeed fufpeftinj Ml I
any Hoflility, fled away at the approach of thisfoi ons 1
midable Army, and withdrew tlieir Goods into tl« liwcr
Woods, by a pretended Treaty vvich the Engliili »ed,
wliither parties were lent to follow diem, and to ki pip
Cattel for the Army, of which they found /fbreo!
very good, without fighting, to their great rclici
Soon after, the Generals Pen and Venables arrived#
England, and the protector jn reward of their Servi
ces, coinmictefJ,t|iem both prifoners to the Tower.
A little to . eviate this misfortune. Gen. Elab
about this time, being fcnc to the Ttreighcs with
letta,
your
itth
pcrat
, to
1 it
Poi
gailanc Fleer, to fcourthe Seas of Turkifh pyratcs tevt
who bad taken and defiroyed many Engiifh i'iiips
and enflaved their perfons; he firfl fecks them oai
acSea, bucnotfindingtliem, refoives to go hornet!
theraj and March 10. 1555. arrives at Algiers, aw
Anchored without the mold, fending ameffengerw
demand facisfaftion of the Dey, for the depredacioni tec
com.mitted on the Englifli, and required the deiive
ry of the Captives of our Nation immediately. Tht
Dey having provided a large prefenc of Beef
Mutton, and otiier frefli provifions alive, returns tlK
meffenger with them, and this anfwer to the GenC'
ral, ' That the Siiips and Captives already takett
' belonged to particular men, and therefore it la}
' not in his power to reflorethem wichou the gene
ral difcontent of ail his fubjefts; yet as for ti# 'Mnt
'.Eni'"
nglill
lute
dfiri
Id Re
eCa(
U b
Js d
18OU1
orsC
Bat
Jeea
iignt
iroiu
liticc
i, fool
to
is m
ngliOi
ind 0
'ainci
^as n
;urne Eli
him
tlieii
eftii
lis
to tll£
Iglifti
breo!
relid
I'ed ii
Jervt
^er.
Blake
/irh
•ratcsft
Ships
m ou!
me to
i, SHll
^erto
acioi
elive
The
f
ti5 the
Sent'
lakeii;
it U]
or the
ngliD
Oliver Cromwel.
141
Englifh Captives that were there, if he pieafed to
redeem them lie fhould, and he would fee a res-
fonable and indifferent price upon their heads, and
that if the General thought good, they worod con-
dude a peace with him, and tor the future offer no
ffls of Hoftility on their part, to any of the Eng-
"Ih 5hips or Natives. This anfwer feemed fatis-
lory to the General, and accordingly the captives
ere redeemed, and a peace concluded.
Having thus difpatclTd the affair of A'g'crs, Ge-
inJeral Blake fails next to Tunis, where fending a fun?-
fotfons to the Dey, he received a very difobliging
fwerj for having fecured their fiups, as they iiaa-
under their Calfles, they in fcorn and con-
itipc fenthim word, ' Here are the Caftles of Go-
letta, and our S'hips and Caftles of Porto Feritio, do
your worft, but do not think that we are affrighted
It the fight of your fleet. This refolute reply cx-
perated both the General and teamen, who refol-
'i to be revenged, and a Council of War being cal-
J, if was refolved to burn the nine fhips that were
Porto Fefino, which they accordingly effefted j
every fhips Boat being manned v/ith ftout and re-
lute Mariners, were fenc into the Harbour to aftauk
d fire the fhips, whilfl the Admiral, Vice-Admiral,
dRere-Admiral, play broad-fTdes continually on
tCaftlc, to prevent their finking the boats, who af-
'a braveafiault, burnt the fhips, and return back
® Sin only with the lofs of 2 § men, and 48 fvounded.
s daring aftion of General Blake, refoanded to the
"lour of the Englifh Nation, as far as the Grand Sig-
utsCourtat Confiantinople.
But to drgrefs a little, about this time Chriftians,
pees of Sweden, to the admiration of all Europe,
Igned up the Crown and Kingdom to her Kinfnian
lyffolus Guiftavus, being contented, from a mighty
lincefs, to put her felf into the condition of a Lady
ftant, defiring only thefe conditions might be grant-
G
id ired'
polfi dj
14 i The Hificry of
ed her from herfucceffor: ' i. That (he retain
' part cMicr Kingdom,. and the cuffomsj to her
' 2. That (he will be no fubjcft, h«t abfolutcly
' Tvithout controiil. That (he will Travel vvl
' (he pleafetb. To thefe Prince Charles made
reply : I. ' That he would not be a King wiclioi«
' Kingdom. 2. That he will have no Rival nor '
« rior. 3. That he will not hazard himfelf about t
' dciigns abroad. However, thefe differences
fo accommodated, that foon after (he refigned
Kingdom, leaving to her fclf only the bear Tii'
Queen, but to him both the Title of King and
on of a Kingdom. With this new King, the
Wliiclock,who had been fome timeAmbaffadorti
foon concluded a firm League Offenfive and DefeilO!
between' theft- two Nations, the effefls whereof
foon appeared in Chrifiendom, had Crcmwel
much longer than he did.
The horrible m'aflacre committed at this time
the protefiants in Piedmont and Savoy, by the Fi
of that Duke, under the Marquefsof Parella,
fioned the proteftor to appoint a publick Faft:
great funis of money were gathered in England;
remitted to Sir Samuel Mirland for their relief.
And notv the Lord proteffor, to fccute hii
from Infurreffions, conffitutes new kind of Off
calied .Major Generals of Counties, dividing thel
dora into CiCven parts; the Names of whom are '
For Kent and Surrey coll. Kelfey ; for Suffex, 1
(hire, and Berkflhire, coll. GofF; for Wilts, Gloct
Derict,Scmerfet,Devon and Cornwall,coll. Desbo[
tor Oxford-lliire, Bucks, Hartford, Canabridge,
Ely, Effex,Norfolk and Suffolk, Lt, Gen. Fleetty'
jfcr the City of London m . Gep. Skippon for Lir'
Nottingham, Derby, Warwick antl Leicefler-
CommilTary Gen.Whaley; for Northampton
Rutland and Huntington, Maj. Butler; for Wore' e
.Hereford, Salop and North Wales, coll. Berry
Che
J! lelhir
irhair
\i mnbe
iiei ddlel
le gr
icnts
Si encei
i.Bed e
ms
Anot
the]
Iges
1 inent
iof !
mt i
10 ye
" 1
tors
f heir
'(tvhic!
(lot b
heG
k re-
cried
Tlve
lemp
fir pi
each
See r
ngi
M Ti
il alltl-
thai
Inei
e Ge
ch;
f'iai
tides
tin a 5*
) htt
ucely|i
! will
nade
vvitliotf'
nor
about t
nces
Igned
irTi'
d pel
the
dortl
Defeijoi
:reol
iwel
if 10 1
ime
;he Ft
:11a,
Faft,
land,
ief.
•e hii
" Ofii ei
; the I
are
ex,
Sloi
iesbo
ge
eetwl
ir Li® t!
:fter-
i.Beilte
Von
ierry
Clid
Oliver Cromwel. 145
lefhire, Stafford and Lancafhire, coll. Wortley; for
irham, Cumberland, YorkjWeftraoreland and Nor-
mberiand, Lord Lambert; for Weffrainffer and
:ei ddlefex, coll. Barkffcad Lieutenant of the Tower,
ic grcateff fervice they did was to oblige Dclin-
ncsto pay in the Tenths of their Effaces for old
Sfitnces, and influence Eleftions of Parliament men,
in a fhort time he difmifs'd them again.
Another defign of the proteftors was theadmifTioa
the Jews into England, for which it was faid they
' acoGOO 1. whereupon he propofes ic to feveral
and Miniflers for their approbation; many ar-
I fflents were ufcd for and againfl it, and feveral pla-
of Scripture cited, and divers conferences held
lit it, with Dr. Jvfanton, Air. Jenkyns and others,
yet were not fatisfied with the arguments of Ma-
ilfeh Ben Ifrael the Jewifh Agent, though the U"o-
tor aliedged, ' That fincc there was a promife for
1 iheir converficn, means muff be ufed to that end,
ivhich is the preaching of the Gofpel, and that can-
lot be had unlefs they be permitted to refide where
he Gofpel is preached; but noconclufion, the pub-
'1! re-admiflion.of them was laid afide, as a tiling
cried both by the Clergy and Laity. ■
The Spaniards having certain Intelligence of the
:mpc and repulfe of theEnglifh at Hifpaniola, and
fir poffeffion of Jamaica, thought this a fufScienc-
each of the peace, though there was never any
ace made with that King beyond the Line,he always
effing all Englifh fliips he could meet with and roaffer
Tat Traded there; and hereupon, he makes a fei^ure
all the Merchants perfoni and Goods then in Spain,
that the War begins to gro w hot both in the old
Inevv World. The Proceffor thereupon, orders
'c Generals Blake and Montague, to block up Cadiz-,
'c chief Port Town of that Kingdom, and wliither
cf eflace Fleet ufed yearly to come. He likewifc con-
"lies a peace with France (which was at Wars with
?44 Hijiory of
Spain alongtimej by the Interefl: of Cardinal
fine, the French King (as you have heard^ banill
^11 the Royal Family of England (except the Qj
mother) out of his Dominions^, at the defire of 0
^vel, and by the Infligation of chat Cardinal.
The Englifh Fleet under Montague and Blake,
for fome months, in a manner, befieged Cadiz by
but could by no provocation oblige the S'paniai
fight them, who hoping that the Englilh having
fered the fatigues of the Sea, would be forced to
part for want of provifions, thought it better poli
lofe a little honouty rather than to venture either
or flnps, agaitift thofe who had maintained fuck
rible Sea fights againff the Hollanders; but theEt
found in Wyers Bay in Portugal, a convenient fa
,of water and provifions, which was much nearer
tiie Spaniards imagined. Hither were the Get
gone for frelli water and provifions, having o;
.3 fquadron of 7 (hips under Cape. Stainer,_befoii
port of Cadiz, to obferve all lliips paflingin or
as they were thus plying for fome days, it happ
that a ftifFgale of wind forced Cape. Staincr col
out to Sea, where he efpied part of the K. of S\
plate Fleet coming from the Wefl-Indies,andrns
<direftly for Cadiz, he was foraewhac to the Lee«
but made up toward them with all the fail theyi
poffible, and after fome hours with much labour
Captain in the Speaker, with the Bridgwater and
mouth Frigates, got up to them, the other four
net being able to come up, and prefencly in|
■them; the Spanifh Fleet confifted in 8 tall fti
Galleons,yet in a (hort time they were wholly fp
one was funk^ three burnt, two ran afhcar and
bulged, one efcapedjand two fell into the hands 0
Englifli, one whereof had a great quantity of pllt'
Cockeweal in her, theocher were chiefly laden'
Hydcs. In thefe Ihips, many perfons of Quality
,taken, aod among octieri thetwo £'ons of the msP
Bada
fing?
iirnin
mtry
onec
th th<
that
Now
Made
Whil
The
Ofh
And
Fror
Cam
Feei
AlO!
Wit
Eur
V
Upc
Anc
Wh
Out
To
Anc
Out
Thi
Art
Fro
Rid
Ocl
Th
VN
Au
Ou
w
lal
e (A
ofCil
(.
ake,
z by
aniai
ivinj
ed t(
polii
cher-
fucll
leEni
nt
:arei^
Get
onll
)efot
) or
rapfl
r CO
of 5
dm)
Lee'
hey
bouij
■and
four!
■f iii|
lyfrt
and
ids 0
■pi®
jden
ilkj
Msr^
Oliver Cromwel. 145 '
BadajoK, who had been Governour of Peruand,
.jring gained a greatEflare in New-England,was now
^®™|urning to live the remainder of his days in his own
' pntry ; he, and his 'Wife and Daughter, were burnt
one of the (hips, of which, and the War vvithSpain,
|thtbe prcfent viftory, hear what the Poet taureac,
that Age elegantly fings :
Now for fome r^es had the pride of Spain
[Made the Sua fhine on half the World in vain,
Whilft fhe bid War to all that durfl fupply
The place of thofe her cruelty made dye.
Of Natures bounty men forbore to tafle,
And the bed portion of the Earth lay wafte;
From the New World, her Silver and her Goldj
Came like a Tempeft to confound the Old,
Feeding with thefe the brib'd Eleaorslropes,
Alone nie gave us Emperors and Popes
With thefe advancing her unjafl deiigns,
Europe was fhaken with her Indian wines.
When our Proteftor, looking with difdaitri
Upon this gilded Majefly of Spain,
And knowing well that Empire muft decline,.
Whofe chief Support and Sinews are of Coin,
Our Nations folid Virtue did oppofe,
To the rich Troublers of the Worlds repofe.
And now fome months Incamping on the waio,
Our Naval Army .had befieged Spain;
They that the whole Worlds Monarchy defign'd.
Are to their Ports by our bold Fleet confin'd,
From whence our Red-crofs they triumphant fee.
Riding without a Rival on the Sea.
Others may ufe the Ocean as their Road,
Tiie Englifh only make it their aboad,
VVhofe ready faib with every wind can fly.
And make a Covenant with the unconftantSky..
Oar Oaksfecure as if they there took root •,
We tread on Billows with a fteady foot.i
G 3; Lordi
14®
The Hifiory of
Lords of the Worlds great wafle, the Ocean wc
Whole Forrefts fend to reign upon the Sea.
And every Coift may trouble or relieve,
But nqne can vifit us wnhoat our leave i
Angels and we have this ^Prerogative,
That none can at our happy fe.at arrive.
While we defcend at pleafure to invade
The Dad wish Vengeance, and the Good toAid.
Mean while the Spaniards in America,
Near to the Line the Sun approaching faw,
And hoped their European coafls to find,
Cleer'd from our (hips Iw the Autumnal wind.
Their huge capacious Galnons ftufTd with riate,
The labouring winds drive (lowly to their fate.
Before St. Lucar they their Guns difcharge,
To (hew their Joy, or to invitca Barge:
This heardfome fWps of ours (though out of view
As fwifc as Eagjesto the Quarry (lew.
So harmlefs Lambs, that for their "'other bleat,
Wake hungry Lyons, and become their meat.
Arriv'd, they foon begin their Tragick play,
And with their fmoaky Cannon banifh day 5
Night, horror, (laughter, with cnnfufion meet?
And in their fable arras imbrace the Fleets: ■
Through yielding planks the angry Ettllers ily.
And of one wound hundreds together dye :
• Born under diiferent Stars, one fate they have,
The Ship their Coffin, and the Sea their Grave.
Bold were the men, that on the Ocean fi.rfi,
Sprea ItheircewSailSjwhen (hipwrack was the worfii
More cfanger now from men alone we find
Tlian from the Rocks, the Billows and the Wind.
They that had faifd from near th' Antanick Poki
Their Treafure fafe, and all their Vcirels whole,
"In fight of theirdear country ruin'dhe.
Without the guilt of either Rock or S'ca:
What they svoold fave our fiercer 3,cc riefSroys,
' 'florinsin terror and infioife.
Oace
And'
Here
The
Ronit
Wit
Dow
The
Vain
As t
VVl
Froi
VVl
The
A
Fall
Th(
VV(
Qui
To
Th
An
Sui
At
Al
Ar
A(
T1
Si
B(
Si
T
A
C
1
Oliver Cromwcl. 147
O.ice Jove from Ida did hoth Hoftsfurvey,
And wl)';n he pieas'd to Thunder part the fray.
Mere Hcav'n, in vain, that kind retreat would found,
The load r jannoii had the thunder drown'd.
Some were made prize,wliile others burnt and rent,
VVith their rich lading to the bortom werci
Down finks at once ; So k'ortune witit usfporrs.
The pay of Armies, and the pride of Courts.
Vain man, whofe rage buries as low that flora
As Avarice had digg'd for it before,
VVhat Earth in her dark bowels could not kqep
From greedy hands, Iksfafer in the Deep,
VVhere Thetis kindly doth from mortals hide;
Thofe feeds of Luxury debate, and pride.
And now, into our hands, therichcft prize
Falls with the nobleft of our eBemies;
The Marquefs, glad to fee the fire ileflroy
Vvealth the prevailing Foe were to en joy,
Out from his flaming fhip his children fenc,
T0 perifh in a milder Element,
Then laid him by his burning l.adjcs fide.
And fincehe could not fave her, with hcrdy'd ;
Spices and Gums about them melting fry,
And i'hoenix like, in that rich Neft they dye ;
Alive in flames of equal love they burn'd.
And now together into Allies ciirn'd,
Adies more worth than all their Funeral coft,
Than the huge Treafure which with ihera was loir,
Thefedying Lovers, and their floating Scn^-
Sufpend the Fight, and filence all our Guns,
Beauty and You'h, about'o perilli, finds
Such noble pity in brave Englilh minds,
That they the fpoil neglefting, and the prize.
All labour now to fave their Enemies,
How frail's our pafToo ? How foon changed are
Oar wrath and fury toa friendly care.?
They that but now for honour and for place,
Mfidithc S'eibluih. wishb'ood, forget their hate j
148 The Hi dory of
And while their Foes from perifningthey retricti
VVidi greater danger than they fought they dive,
Willi thefe returns Viftorious Montague,
VVith Lawrc! in his hands, and half Peru:
let our brave Generals divide that bough,
Our great Proteftor hath fuch wreaths enow ;
His conquering flead hath no more room for Bay:
Then let it be as the whole Nation prays,
YVkh purple cioth'd and Ermine ; let hrm holtl,
A Royal Scepter made of SpanifhGold.
ed fc
mi ft
he (1
ffoul
verm
but t!
and
mine
frob:
then
The Proteffcr was highly pleafed at this fuccefsanJ
great booty, and a particular day ofThanklgiving was
appointed by him for it; and foon after, Gen. Moii'
tague, with the young Marquels, and part of the Fleet
to convoy the filver, which amounted to two milliti®
of pieces of Eight, returned into England, and deli
vered the Bullion into the Mint, and the young Mar-
quefsand his Brother were fet at liberty. But the
Spanifh War being like to prove chargeable, notvvirh-
flanding this prefent fupply, the proteftor being ftiH
necelTitated for money, and defiring to have his poW'
er confirmed to him by the people, in hope the new
Reprefentative might grant him what the former deni-
ed, he ilTues out Writs for the Eleflion of a new par;
liamenc, wliersin much circumfpeftion was ufcd,
pdfuie, to prevent forhe of the former Hcufe from
fjdyg.cholen.
Shp;. i7.- \6i,6. This parliament met at Wcflmin'
f?:cr, id iiad a Sermon preached before them at thf
/ bbcy. Church, by Dr. John Owen, DeanofChrifls,
e iiufch, upon thofe words inlfaiah, ' What (hall one
' d .-'U anl'wer to the melTengers of the Land ? That
* rlK.Lord hath founded Sion, and the poorof his peo-
t pie Yha'l rejoice. Alter Sermon, the members went
toj'she Houfe, but found attitedonra Guard, and an
. flanding with a Lift in his hand,demanding the
tlilames of every one of them, aad fiach as were mark
king
toth
conn
to at
ury
uftii
and
for tl
build
fean
loufi
An I:
for p
vifib
Lord
rag,
lent i
then
'IV
of
'by
' fai
" foi
'ha
' ha
' Gt
' Cc
ncn
live.
lay.
old,
sad
; was
doii'
riea
lioiii
deli'
Vlar
c tk
virh'
ftill
lOW'
neiv
en!'
par
roni
•jin.
the
fls-
one
hat
eo-
ent
an
the
Oliver Croaiwer. ^4.9
ed for non-admitcance were turned back) and a pro-
raife impoted upon every individual member before
he (hould be permitted to fit in the Houfe, That he
ivouid not aft any thing prejudicial to the prefentGo-
vernment •, which many refufed, and returned home,
but the major part alTenting to it, entred the Houfe,
and chofe Sir Tho. Widdrington Speaker, and noc
minding thoie that were excluded, referred the ap-
probation of them to the Proteftors Council. They
then proceed according to the proteftors defire, ma»
liing anAft for difanulling the Title of Charles Stewart
to the Government of thefe three Nations, nemine
tontradicente; another for making it Treafon for any
to attempt, corapafs, or imagine the Proteftors deathi
Jnd appointing fuch Olfendors to be tryed noc by a -
jury of twelve fufficient men, but by a High Court of
'ufiice ; a third for an affefsment upon England,Scot-
land and Ireland, of feventy thoufand pound a month'
for three years; an Aft tor preventing multiplicity of
buildings, in, and ten miles about London, a whole
jears Revenue to be paid for all dwelling or Cut-
boitfes, raifed upon any new foundation fince i^izor
An Aft for Excife of merchandize imported : An Aft'
for punifhing fuch as live at high rates, and have no-
vifible Eifaces; and !afHy,for the obfervation of the*
fords-day. When thefe Afts' were ready for fign<-
kg, the Proteftor dame to the painted chamber and-
fcnt for the parliament, where the fpeakcr tendring
them to him, at the figning them he fpake thus:
' Mr, Speaker,! perceive that among thefe many Afts-
' of parliament, there hath been very great care had'
' by the parliament to provide for the jnft andnccef'
' fary fupportof the Common-weahh, by thefe Biils
' for levying of money now brought to me, which !•.
' have given my confentumo j and underftandihg it
' hath been the praftice of thofe who have been chief
' Governors, to acknowledge with thanks to • the
" Coramonsj their care and regard of the publkkj P
Sj, '"dt;
. 1 ■
■j I
150 The Hifiory of
' do very heartily and thankfully acknowledge their
« kindnefs herein.
But leaving the parliament awhile, let us relatea
mod daring attempt performed under the condufl of
Gen. Blake about this time. This valiant cpmnianJ-
er lying with his Fleet near Cadiz, had advice th-it the
Spatiifli VVefi-India Fleet was put into the port of
Sanfta Cruze in Teneriff, the chief Ifle of the Canaries,
whereupon the Fleet weighed, and April 20. 1^57.
came CO the mouth of'Sanfta Cruze Bay, where they
faw hKceen Spanifh (hips lying in order alinoft like
an half moon. At the North of tlie Haven is a cafile
well fortified with cannon, befides feven Forts more,
with three, four, and fix Guns apiece, fo that the en-
terprize feeraed dangerous, if,not di fperate; And
Don Diego D' aquies, had caufed all the fmaller fhips
to be mcared along the (hoar to fecure them, and the
fix-great Gallions lay further off at anchor, with their
broad-fides toward the Sea. Elake perceiving all this,
calls a Council of War, where it was refolved to at-
tJck them inflantly, without any thought of danger;
Capt. Stainer in the Speaker, prefentl y falls upon the
fhips, difregarding the number of (hot which came
thundritig from the Forts on every fide as thick as hailj
and maintains near an hours fight, till the Generals,
Blake and Montague, having ordered fome Frigates
to ply the Focts and Breafi-works, with contmaal
broad-fides, came up, and with all their force at-
tack'd the Spaniards, wiio after four hours gallant re-
fiflance, were driven out of tlK.ir fhips, which the
Englifh could not eafily bring away, and were there-
fore forced to burn to the number of fixtcen fmal! and
great. This oallanr attempt coif the Englifh but
men, and 120 wounded. The Spaniards, befides the
lofs of their whole Fleet, hid feveral liundvcds of me®
flaiti on the (boar, and in the Forts and Works, be-
fides thofe kill'd in the (hips. For this notable ex-
. ploit, the Proteftor, by order of parliament, fenta
Oliver' CiVoitiwel.
151
Diamond Ring worth 500 /. as a prefent to G. BlakCj
and cape. Rich. Stainer, who led on the firft fquadron,
Was at iiis firfl coming into England, for this and his-
former fervices, Kniglited by the proteftor.
At this time one Miles Vyndcrccmb, an Officer foiv
merly in Scotland, under M. Gen. Overton, wasfei-
Zed, and accufed to defign to rake away the life of thC'
proteftor, in combination with a diiguifed perfon,,
ia'd 'O be a Prieil fent from Don 'Alonfo in Flanders,
who was ingaged as principal. It was alledged thai
(evcral proper houfes wer'c taken ro fhoor the pro»
teftor, with Engines, Blunderbnfles, and other fire
Arms, at his going to the parliament, or in the way to
Hampton-court, and that the chapped at White-Hall
was to be fired with a ftrong combuflible nutter.
This account Secretary Thurloe delivered to the par-
Jiament, in moving terras, that the Houfe ordered a
day of Thankfgiving, and a Narrative of the plot to be
publiilied, and went in a body to congratulate His
HighnelVhappy Deliworance, vvhere Sir Tho. VVid«
drington, their fpeaker, m-ic'ea fpeech, wherein he
declared, ' i. The danger and mine of the Reformed
' Churches abroad, and three Nations at home, who
' were ftruck at by this blow : 2. The cunning fe^
' caecyof it, that no more than two flioald be privy
' to this wicked defign: 5. The extenfivenefs of it,
' refolving if they failed in one place to do it in ano»
' Cher, fo that it Cicero were living, he would want
' exprefTion to fee out the danger and the mercy, and
' it being fo unparallelTd and unprefcdente'd a delive-.
' ranee, the parliaments Hymn ought to be, O Cance-
' mus, Cancemas, Canticuin Novum, O let us fing a
' new fong to the Lord, blefs his Name, fhew forth
' his falvation this day, for he iiach done marvelous,
' things, his right hand, atrd his holy arm, hath gotten
' hira the Viftory. As the members were afcending
the flairs of the banquetcing-houfc, a prcfs of ped"'-
crowding with them, the Hairs broke under ti
t t
* .
•Lb
hi,',
152 The Hifiory cf
a id Richard, cheproceflorsSon, was much bruifedi
and Mr. Ellis, foHcicor General, broke his leg.
5yndercomb, the nexc Term, was by the direflion
of the parliaraenc, cryed for this Treafon ac the Kings
Bench Bar: He denied the plot, but the evidence
fwearing poiltively againfihim, he was conviaed up
on the liatute, of 25Edw. 5. JufticeGlyn uponhiSj
condemnation declaring, that by the King was under
iiood any chief niagiflrate of the Nation, He was car
ried tltence to the Tower, where the Night before his
execution, it was fupjKiled he poyfoned hirnfelf,as the
Coroners Jury gave dieir Verditl:: He went well tc
bed, defiring beforehalfanhours privacy for his pray
ers, which being elapfed, he opened the door, and
rubbing his hands together, and his Nofe with them,
he briskly bid tliem good Night, and being- found
dead next morning, his body, awhile after, wastyed
With his head to the Horfes Tail, and drawn to the
fcaffold at Tower-hill, where he was buried, and
fiake, covered with Iron a top, driven into his body
The feft of the C^akers were now grown nume-
reus, among whom one called James Naylor, refem-
bling, in iiis proportions and complexion, the pifture
of Chrift, and fetting.his beard and locksin the fame
f.ifhion, pretended to counterfeit our bleffed Saviour,
and had Dilci pies and Women miniffringto him?Vvf
blafpheraoulli' applied feveral expreffions of fcripture'
relating to oar Lord Jefus, to this man. He firft apj
peared at Briftol, where a man leading an Horfe bi
fore him, and Dorcas, Erbury,and Martha SymondS;
g-oing up to the knees in dirt by his Horle fide, - lung
aloud. Holy, Holy, Holy, Hofannatothe higheff,
Fot this they were feized, and brought up to the par'
liafnent: They encred the Houfe finging tlieir blaf
pheniies, and a Comtnittee being appointed to confi'
derof jheirpuniflimeac, he wasfenteneed to be ft'
in the Plilory twice, andwhipt twice, and his fore
ksii to be fiigmscized with a letter B. for a Blafph^'
mer.
Iron,
on, 1
whipt
beke
earne
Mr.B
hand
lick't
to la
othe;
Qual
him
&c.
wilfi
heb
whi
fclf,
had
1
fettl
fud
Oliver Cromwel. 153 i
Bier, and bored through the Tongue with an hoc i
iron, with which he ufed to anfwer to every quefti-
on, Thou haft faid it i and the like. He was likewife
whipc at Briftol, and thence returned to Bridewelh to
be kept clofe prifoncr, and to eat no more than he
earned. In Newgate, after his punifhment, one
Mr. Rich, a merchant of credit, that held him by the
band while he was in the Pillory, vvith divers others,,
lick'd his wounds; the Women were obferved,fome
to lay their heads in his lap, lying againft his Feet,
others to lean upon his fhouldcr, and as foon as any
Quaker came into his company, they would firft take ■
himby the hand, and in a ftrange note fay, Holy,Holy, ^
&r. but being removed to Bridewell, after three days
wilful fafting, having weakened himfelfevento death,
he begged fome Viftuals, and then was fee to work, ^
which he performed, and came by degrees to him- ,
fclf, and his underftanding; after Cromwels death he ^
had his liberty, and foon after died.
The parliament had been long debating about '
fettling the Government on the proceftor, whentm x, :
fudden Alderman Pack of London, and one of the '
members, ftarted a motion, ' That in regard of the,
' unfectlement of tlie Nation, -andthedifcompofure'
' of mens minds, and the ill afpeft it had upon Fc-'
' feign Princes,-and all Trade, that therefore the pre-;
' tedior might be defired to affume the ftile of King, i;
' as the nioft known, and moft agreeable Goverr.-'
' ment. This motion was feconded by feveral of the J |
proceftors Courtiers, and April p. the parliament haj'
ving defired a meeting with him, came to the Ban!,;
quetting-houfe at White-Hall, where the fpeaker Si'
Tho. Widdrington, commended the Title and Offic. j '
of a King-, as being fettled in this Nation with Chriftia ^.
nity it felf, approved by our Anceftars, and confiftei';.
vvith our Laws and the temper of the people, an::, ,
then prefented him the model of their humble pet'^ ,'.
tion and advice to that purpole; His Highnefs, in "*1
154 . The Hiflory ef
fwer hereto, faid, • Mr. Speaker, this i« a vveighj'asfo
* matter, and therefore I defite fpace tofeek God,' four
' the charge that you would lay upon me being too this w
* heavy for me to bear without his affifiance, fOr tlit fpeecl
* Engliih are the beft people in the World, and re- i!iitte(
' quire all tendernefs and confideration whatfcever, who t
' to be ufed for preferving their liberties and pro- fumn
' pcrties.
The next day a Cottiraittee was appointed to wail
upon him, and receive his fcrupies, and to offer rea
fons for his fatistaftion. The objeftions the protcftci
made, were, Firfl:, ' That the Title of a King is a
' Name of Oflfice, and any Name that may imply the
' fupream magiftrate hath the fame (ignihcation, and
therefore there is no neceffity of a change. To this
they reply, ' Thar the Name of a King is only equal
' to, and cornprehenfive of the Office of the fuprcain
' magiflrate : It is a rule. That the Kings of England
' cannot alter the Laws by reafon of [heir Name, and
' that there is no obiigation upon any other, that the
' very Title was dec!"red neccffary in the 5th. of
' Edvv. 4. in the controverfie betwixt him and Hen.
' 7. and every aftion done by the King in poircilion
' was valid, and chat the Name King had beginning
V with our Laws, and that new laws muft be made
' for fettling the Government in a proteSor.
The other objeftion was the danger and difficulty
of altering the faraeGovernment toaCommon-wealth,
and therefufalof feme Judges, andaifjng of other:
upon that gronnd: That another parliament might
; change thofe refolutions :The diflike of the good peo-
pic and Army; that providence had laid afide the
■ Titleof King after feven years War, and many of die
: chief of thofe who were Inflrumental therein were
idiffatisfied. Thefe fcrupies the Committee endea-
voured to removfc, by alledging, ' That providence
had now brought about affairs fo, that it feemed
If necelfaryfor His Highnefs to comply with it j and
Oliver Cromwel.
155
as for difcontented perfbns, chey have been always
found in the beft of Governments. But becaufe
this was a matter of confequence, I fhall repeat the
fpeech made by the Lord Whitlock, one of the Com-
mittee, fentto theproteftor, withhis anfwertheretoj
who after feveral others had offered thefr fentiments,
funimed up the raofl material reafons as Ibiiowetli ;•
' Sir, I have but very little to trouble your High-
' nefs with., fo much hath been already fpoken and ib
' well, that it will be hard for me, or any other, to
' undertake to add to it, only the duty of mVlmpIoy-
' menc, and fomethingduetoyour Highneis, occafi-
' ons me to fpeak a few words, to acknowledge,with
' very humble thanks, the Honour and Right which
' you have done this GommicrcC; by the clear and free
' difcoiirfes and conferences which they have had
' with your Highnefs, and for your frequent expref-
' fions,' and teilimonicsof affedicn and refped to the
' parliament, whofe fenfe in this, i may prefume to
' fpeak. That never any perfons met their fuprcam
' magiflrate with more love, duty and honour, than
' the parliament have met your Highnefs with in their
' addreffes; which argument of love, deferves that '
' dleem and force which I doubt not but your High- ■
' nefs will put upon it. I am fearful to be too cedi-.
' OHS at anytime, efpeciallyat fo lace an hour, and '
' therefore fhall fpeak but (hort to fome things which ;
' I remember not to have been mentioned: Your'
' Highnefs was pleafed at the lafl meeting ro fay,That'
' the original Inflicution of the Title, King, was by '
' common confenc, and that the fame common con-'
' fsnc might iafiitute anv other Tjcle, 'apd make it as j
' effeftualas that of King;'This,muft beacknow-J
' Itdged, but withal, you may be pleafed to obferve, *
' That the Title of King is not only by an original '
' common confent, bur that confent alfo approved and'
'confirmed, and the Law fitted thereunto, and thai'
[ fitted CO the Laws, by the experience and induflry^
*5*^ The Hijlory of
;; ' of many Ages, and many hundreds of years toge.
(ji;, , ^ ther, whereas any other Tide will be only by pre<
j ; ' fenc common confent, without that experience and
i|, * apprc-hation: For chat .experience which your High-
■1, : ' nels mentioned to have been of ocherTitles^and the
^ .j i • due adminiftracion of Juftice under them, this ex-
ij I i ' perrence is far ftiort of the other; and for the courfe
* of Juifice, we have caufe to thank that care which
' ' I I * placed fo good Judges and Officers over us. Yet
t ' ' give me leave to fay. That In private caufes, be-
iV'; ' tween party and party, and in publick matters in
; * nominal caufes, it wasnoteafie to find Jufficc to
;i ' be done by fome Jurors, and many queftions have
' t * rifen upon the occafion of thofe new Titles; Con-
' cerning that tender point of good mens fatisfaftion,
' I think it requires a very great regard from us,and f
I ' doubt not but thofe good people Vvill be fully fatis-
' ' fied, if they confider the covenants, promifes and
' precepts, which in the fcripture are annex'd to die
' ' Name of King ; and although fome have alledged,
' , ' that they belong to any chief magiftrate, as well as
' , ' to King, yet no mail did ever read the original
'i I : ' word tranllaced othertvife than King ; Neither ido I
' find the Tide of Troteftor once mentioned in the
t' ■ ' holy Text. If the prefent Authority be a lawful
: ' Authority, wnich I hope none of us will deny,fure-
'1 * ly thofe good men who are fo well principled in
* Godlinefs, will not forget that precept of fubniiffion
;! ' * to Authority, and to be facisfied vvuh that which
ii I ' lawful Authority (hall ordain; their Rights and Li-
i! 1 ' ^ ' berties are the fame with qiirs, and the parliament
ji j ] ' cannot advife any thing for the prefervation of the
' ^ * peoples Rights, but cheic good men are included,
;!, 'v i ' which I hope will be no diffatisfafliontothem. In
!< 'V 'all the changes which we have feen, there hath been
; ■ f J !' a diffatisfaftion to fome, yet flill the blefling of God
' ' 'i * hacb gone a long through all thefe changes, with
i| ^ ' thofe who carried on iiislntereffj and the caufe be- ,
oge.
pre.
and
[igh-
Ithc
;ex-
urfe
lich
Yet
be-
•s m
; to
iave
;on-
ion.
3dr
ids-
and
the
;ed,
;! aS'
inal
lol
the
rfu!
ire-
in
Ion
licil
Li-
,ent
the.
ed,
In
eea
iod
tith
be-
OliTer CromweL J 57
* ing the fame, the fa me mercies have been continued.
' And I doubt not, but if the intended change and
' refiitution be made, as I hope it will; I doubt not
' but the fame God will continuehis bleffings to that
' Good Old Caufe wherein we are ingaged, and that
' good men will receivefatisfaftion by it. Your High-
' nefs hath been told. That the Title of King is upon
' the foundation of Law, and that a new Title mufi:
' have a conflitution to make the Laws relate unto it,
' and that unto the Laws; I fiiall only add this, That
' a Title by Relation is not fo certain and faft as a Ti-
' tie upon the old foundation of the Law, and that a
' Title upon a fingle prefcntconftitntion,as any new
' Title muft be, cannot be fo firm as a Title built up-
' ontheprefent conftitution, and upontheold foun-
' dation of ■ the Law likevvife, which the Title of King
' will be. If any inconvenience fhould enfue upon
' your acceptance of this Title which the parliamenr
' advifeth, your Highnefs's fatisfaftion will be that
' they did advife it.
' On the contrary part, if any inconvenience fhould
' arife upon your Highnefs refufal of this Title which
' the parliament hath advifed, your burthen will be
the greater, and therefore whatfoever may fall out,
' will be better anfwered by your Highnefs comply-
' ing with your parliament then otherwife ; the
(^efticn is not altogether new, fome inflances have
been given of the like, to which I fhall add two or
three. The Tide of the Kings of England, in the
Realm of Ireland, was. Lord of Ireland; and the
parliament in the 55 year of Hen. 8. relating, That
' inconveniences did arife there, by reafon of that
' Title, did enafl, That Hen. 8. fhould affume the
^ Stile and Title of King of Ireland, which in the
judgment of the parliament was preferred before
' the other,
' In the State of Rome new Titles proved fatal to. '
their Eiberdes.; their cafe was not much unlike '
I :
! ""i
5^ The Hiflory of
ours, tliey were wearied with a^Civil War, and co-
nr'ngtoa fcctlement,foiiie would not admit the Ti-
deot Rex to be ufed, but were contented to give
the Titles of Ctcfar, Perpetual Dictator, Prince, 5e-
nate, Emperor: So tliat at length,-the will cf Cmfar
was their Law, who faid, I am not a King hut C;efar.
The Northern people were more happy among
themfelves; a private Gcnricm-'n, of a N'oble Pa-
mi!y, took up Arms with his ccuntry-men againft
a Tyrant, and by the bleffina of God, rcftued the
Native Liberties and Rights of tlieircouncry, from
the o pprefnon of that Tyrant i This Gentleman had
the Title of Marlhal given unto him, which conti-
nued for fome years; afterward their Parliament
judging it heft torefume the old Title, Elefted this
Gentleman Ifing, and with him was brougkt in the
liberty of Proteftant Religion, andthceftablirtimenc
of the Civil Rights of that people,fwhich have conti-
nued ill a profperous condition cverfmcc inSwe-
den, unto this day. Sir, I (hall make no other ap-
plication but in my prayers to God, todireft your
Highnefsand the Parliament, as I hope he will, to
dothac which will be n»o(l for his honour, and the
good of his people.
This fpeech was made April 26. 5;'$7 but the Pre-
cedfor finding the inclinations of fome of the people,
and efpecially of many Oificers and Souldiers of the
Army, to be very a^^erfe to the Title of King, which
they had lately renounced, and likewife doubting, as
it was then difcours'd, that they would forcifie his Ti-
tie, but weaken his Revenue, who required Nineteen
handred thoufand pound a year, for the fupporc of
his Governmeat, befides the charge of the Spanifh
War, he thereupon fent for the Parliament to the
Banquetting-houfeat White-Hall, May 8. following,
where he gave them his laft, and poficiveanfwcrto
this purpofe :
' Mr. Speaker, I am come hither toanfwer tliar
Oliver Crcmwcl. i59
wliich was in your laft paper to your Committee
youfentme, which was in relation tothedefires
which were offered me by theHoufe, in that they
called their petition, I confcfs that bufinefs hath
put the Parliament tovi great deal of trouble, .and
fpent much time: I am yery forry that it bach cofi:
me fome, and feme thoughts, and becaufe I have
been the unhappy occafion of the expence of fo
much time, I (hall Ipend little of ft now : I have,
tlte heft I can, refolved the whole bufinefs in my
thoughts, and I have faid fo much already in cefli-
mony of the whole, that 1 think I fliall not need
to repeat any thing that I have faid. I think it is a
Government, that the aims of it feek much a fettling
of the Nation on a good foot, in relation to Civil
Rights and Liberties,which are die Rights oftfeeNa-
tion ■, and I hope I lliall never be found to be of
them that fh.ali go about to rob the Nation of thefe
Rights, but to ferve them what ! can to tfic attain-
ing them : It hath alfo exceeding well provided
for the fafety andfecurity of honeft men, in that
great, natural, and religicus liberty, which is Liber-
ty of Confcicnce. Tliefe are great fundamentals,
and I nmrtbearmyTeftimonytothem (as I have,
and fnail do flill, fo long as God lets .me live in
this World^ chat the intentions of the things are ve-
honourable and honcff, and the produft worthy
of a Parliament; I have only had the unhappinefs,
both in ray conferences with youf Committees, and
in the beft thoughts I could take to my felf, not to
be convifted of the ncceffity of that thing that hath
been fo often infified upon by you, to wit, The Ti-
tie of King, asinitfelf necellary, as it feehis to be
apprehended by your felvcs; and I do with all ho-
Hour and refpeS, to the judgment of the Parliament,
tefiiffe that (ceteris pariiius) no private judgment is
to lye in the Jjallance with tb.e judgment of a iPar-
liainenr, bucln things that refpeft particular perfons,
t
' S
■ ^
' : t
' :i, i
■ ;r t
I
I
' •; ^
■ r : 1
'I', ^
' I
160 The Hijlory of
every man that is to give an account to God o£ Iiis
artions, he mart in feme raeafure be able to prove
his own work, that is, To have an approbation in
his own confcience of that he is to do or forbear:
And wltilfl you are granting others liberties, furely
you will not deny me this, it being not only a liber-
ty but a duty Cand fuch a duty as I cannot without
finning forbear} to examine my own heart and
thoughts, and judgment, in every work which
I am to fet my hand to, or to appear in for.
* r muf! confefs therefore, that though I doac-
knowledge all the other, yet I mail be a little coafi-
dent in this, that what with .'the circumfhnces that
accompany humane aftions, whether they be cir-
curaftances of time or perfons, whether circumftan-
ces that relate to the whole, or private or particular
circumfiances that compafs any perfon that is to
render an account of his own aftions, I have truly
thought, and do ftill think, that if I (hould ("at the
beft} do any thing on this account to anfwer your
expeftacion, it would be at the beft doubtingly,
and certainly what is (b, is not of faith •, whatfoever
is not of faith is fin to him that doth it, whether it
be with relation to the fubftance of the aftion, about
which the confideration is converfauc, or whether
to circumfiances about it, which make all indiffe-
rentaftions good or evil to him that doth it. I ly-
ing under this confideration, think it my duty, oni^r
I could have wifhed I had done it fooner for your
fake, for faving time and trouble, and indeed for
the Committees fake, to whom I muft acknowledge
publickly, I have been unfeafonably troublefome ;
r fay, I could have wifhed f had given it fooner,
but truly this is my anfwer, Thar although I chink
the Government doth confifi in very excellent parts
inall, but in that one thing the Title, as tome; I
Ihould not b; an honeft man if I (hould not tell you
that I cannot accept of th^ Government, nor i»der-
' take
Oliver Cromwel. i6i
* take the trouble aitd charge of it, which I have a
' little more experimented than every inan,as to what
' troubles and difficulties do befal men in fuchTrufts,
^ and in fuch Undertakings: I fay, I am perfvvaded
* to return this anfvver to you, That I cannot under-
' take this Government with die Title of a King, and
' this is mine anfvver to this great and weighty bufinefs.
The Proteftor having refufed the Title of King, the
Committee of Settlement was ordered to prepare an
Explanatory Aff to the humble petition and advice,
in refpeft of the Protcftors Oath, his Councils, the
Members of Parliament; the other Houfe, which was
to confiff of about fixty Lords of the Proteftors Eleft-
ing, and having Voted, That Proteftor fliould be the
Title of the chief Magiflrate, and the Petition and Ad-
vice being allowed accordingly, the Houfe defired a :
conference with Hisllighnefs, who accordingly meet! :
them, May 25. 1557. in the painted Cliamber,where '
Sir Tho.Widdringcon prefents him with the humble
Petition and Advice, the fubftance whereof was,
' I. That His HighnefsOlivcrCromwel, uticier the
* Title of Lord Proteftor, would be pleafed to exe
' cute the Office of chief Magifirate over England
' Scotland and Ireland, and the Territories thereun
to belonging,- and to govern according to all thing ,'
' in this Petition and Advice ; and alfo, chat he vvoulc r
' in his life time, appoint the perfon that Ihould fuc i
ceed in the Government after his death. 2. Pha' j
* he would call a Parliament conrifling of two Houfef.
* once in three years at farthefi. 5. That thofeper,
* fens who are legally chofen by a free Eleftion c; ,
' the people to ferve in parliament, may not be eX j
eluded from doing their duties, but by confenc d <
' that Houfe whereof they are Members. 4. Th^ - '
' none but thofe under* the Qualifications thercf
' mentioned, lhali be capable to fervc as Members
' Parliament. 5. That the power of the other Houi; :"
* be iitniced as herein prefcribed. d. That the Lav^ i'/s
i 62 Hoe Hifiory of
and Statutes of the Land be obferved and kept,
Laws altered, fufpended, abrogated or repealed,
new Laws made but by Aft of Parliament. 7. That
the yearly fum of a Million of pounds fterling b«
fettled for the maintenance of the Navy and Army,
and three hundred thoufand pounds for fupport of
the Government, befides other temporary fuppliei
as the Commons in Parliament fhall fee the neceffi-
tics of the Nation to require 8. That the number
of the Proteftors Council fliall not be above twenty
one, whereof the Quorum to be feven. 9. The
chief Officers of State, as Chancellors, Keepers of
the Great Seal, &c. to be appointed by Parliament.
10. That his Highnefs would incourage a godly Mi-
niftry in chefe Nations, and that fuch as do revile
and difturb them in the worfliip of God, may be
punifhed according to Law, and where Laws are
defeftive, new ones to be made. 11. That the
Proteffant Chrifeian Religion, as it is contained in
the Old and New Teftament, be aflerted and held
forth for the publick profeflion of thefe Nations and
no other, and that a Confeffion of Faith be agreed
upon, and recommended to the people of thefe
Nations, and none be permitted by words or wri-
ting, to revile or reproach the faid Confeflion of
F"aith, &c.
The Petition and Advice being read, was by the
Proteftor paffed into a Law, though with much feeiy|
ing reluftancy, as the following ^eech declared. *
' Mr. Speaker, I am not come hither this day as to
' a Triumph, but with the moil ferious thoughts that
' ever I had in my life, being to undertake one of the
» greatefl burthens that ever was laid upon the back
« of any humane creature, fo that without the fup*
' portof the Almighty, I muff neceffariiy fink under
• the weight of it, to the damage and prejudice of
' -thefe Nations; And this being fo, I muft ask the
« help of therarliament,andthehelpofallthofe thai
' fear
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' P
1
Hoi
ter,
of
con
26,
for
D a T
id by
ifhan
anrr
Oliver Cromwel.
163
: af-
' fear God, that by their prayers I may receive:
' fiftance from the band of God, feeing nothing but
' his prefence can enable ine to the difcharge of fo
' great a Truft. And feeing this is but an Jntro-
' dudlion to the carrying on the Government of thefe
' Nations, and foraftnuch as there are many things
' which cannot be fupplied withouttheheipof aPar-
' liament, I think it my duty todefire your help, not
' that I doubt of it, for I believe that the fame fpirit
» that led the Parliament to this, will eafily fuggeft
' the reft to them, And truly, notlfmg could have
' induced me to undertake this intolerable burden to
' flefh and blood, had I not feen that it was the Par-
' liatnents care to anfwer thofe ends for which they
' have ingaged; and I call God to witnefs, that I
' would not have undergone it, had I not feen it to
' be determined by the Parliament to make clearly
' for the Liberty and Intereft of the Nation, and pre-
• fervation of fuch as fear God, and if thefe Nations
' be not thankful to you for your care therein, it will
' fall as a fin on their heads. To conclude, I would
♦ recommend to you the Reformation of the Nation,
' by difcountenancmg Vice, and giving encourage-
' raent to Good men and Virtue, defiring that you
' would not be wanting in any thing that may make
' for the good of the Nations, wifhing the Lord to ,
' profper all your aims and endeavouK. .
This Speech ended, the Menibers return to their,
Houfe, and foon after the Proteftor fends them a Let-.
ter, defiring their AJiournraent til! the Inaoguracioa
of the Lord Proteftor could be performed, andac-;
cordingly they paffed a Bill for adjourning from June
2^. to^Jan, 20. following, June 2d. being appointed
for his Highnefs folemn Invcftiture; and the fame
aTia place being prepared in'Wcftminfter-Hall,there
lid by A'.wo Chairs fee, one for the Pro :eftor, with a Ca-
inland pri'State over it, andartocher for the Speaker,;,
lamian-vvl built Scaffold-wife, for the Parliament, oni;
_ both,
l(>4. The Hilary of
both fides, and places below for the Aldermen
London, and others; all which being ready,the Pro'
teflor came cut of a Room adjoining to the Lords
Houfe, and in this order proceeded into the Hall;
Firft went his Gentlemen, then an Herald, the Attor
ney-General, then the Judges, after them Norroj
King at Arms, the Lord Coramiffioners of the Trea-
fury, the Seal carried by Commififioner Fines, then
Garter, and after him the Earl of Warwick with the
Sword born before the Protedor bare-headed, the
L, Mayor Tichburn carrying the City Sword by hii
left hand ; Being feated in the Chair, on the left liand
Hood the L. Mayor, and the Dutch Ambaffador, and
on the right the E. of Warwick, and the French Am-
faaffador, next behind him flood his Son Richard;
L. Fleetwood, and L. Cleypool, and the Privy-council)
upon a lower defcent flood the Lords Montague and
Whitlock with drawn 5wordSi
Then the Speaker 5ir The. Widdrington, in the
Name of the Parliament, prefented to him feveral
things that were laid on the Table, which were a
Robe of purple Velvet, a Bible, a 5cepter, and a
Abvord, on each of which the Speaker made a fhort
Comment as he delivered them.
' I. The Robe of purple : This is an Emblem of
' Magiflracy, and imports Righteoufnefs and Juflice i
• when yoH have put on this Veflmenr, I may fay
• you are a Gown-man. This Robe is of a mixc co-
• lotar, to fhew the mixture of Juflice and Mercy i.
indeed a Magiflrate mufl have two hands, Pleften-
tern & Ampleflentem, to Cherifh and to Punifh.
The Bible is a Book that contains the Holy Scrip-
tures, in which you have thehappinefstobe well
verfed: This Book of Life confifls of two Tefia-
raents, the Old and New, the firfl fhe-.vs Chrifier
Velatutny the fecond, Chriflum Rcvelaturojiee of
Veiled and Revealed ; It is a Book of fhe
doth contain both Precepts and Examp) that .r
' ' fear/
Gov
Staff
this
fhail
in c
Kins
thin;
isaS
defe
migl
the'
this,
pOpi
teft
Afti
ad at
bllow
' l(
ty G
of r
Refc
nty
of tf
my >
prof
the \
Magi
and '
Righ
fiiall
and}
COtQ
Tiie
h aui
BaTi
id by
ifhani
Qmm
en 0'
: Pro'
Lord'
Hall
utor
srroy
Trea
then
ii the
, the
ly his
hand
, and
AiH'
hard;
sncil;
: and
; the
vera!
ere a
nd
fhort
n of
ficei
' fay
:t CO*
rey;
£len'
inifh.
crip*
well
'efla-
Op I
Oliver Crorawel.
1(55
Govcrnmenc. a. Here is a Scepter, notunsike a
Staff to the weak and poor, it is of ancient ufe iii
this kind. It's faid in Scripture, That rfteScepter
Ihall not depart from Judah ; it was of thelikcufe
in other Kingdoms, however the Greek Poet cajis
Kings and Princes Scepter-bearers. 4. The laff
thing is a Sword, not a Military but Civil Sword ; i-:
is a Sword rather of Defence than Offence, not to
defend your felf only, but your people alio. If I
might prefume to fix a Motto upon this Sword, as
the Valiant Lord Talbot did upon his, it tliouid he
this. Ego fum Domini Prorecloris ad protcgeHdum
populutn meum, I am the Lord Protecfors to pro-
teft ray people.
After this the Speaker returned again to the Cliair,
od adtniniilred the Oath to the Protestor in tliefe
ollovving words,
' 1 do in the prefence, and by the Name of Alniigk-
ty God, promife and fwcar, that to the lutermoff
of my power, I will uphold and maintain the true
Reformed Protellant Chriflian Religion in the pn-
rity thereof, as it is contained in the Holy Scriptures
of the Old and New Teflament, to the uttermoff of
ray power and undcrfianding, and ioccurage the
profeffion and profeflbrs of the fame : And that lo
the utraoft-ofmy power, I will endeavcur, as chief
Magiffrate of chcfe three Nations, the maintenance
and prefervarion of the peace and fafety, and Juii
Rights and Privjledges of the people thereof; and
fhallin all'things, according to my beft knowledge
and power, govern the people of tliefe Nations ae-
cording to Law.
Tiie <5.uh adminiflrcd. Dr. Manton made a Pray,
t) and tiuTi an Herald flood up aloft, giving fignsl
^ a Trumpet to found three times; alter which, he
®dby Authority and pircffion of Parliament, pub-
''I1 and proclaim his H'ghnefs Lord ProreSor of die
'^"mmon-wealth of England, Scotland and Ire!an«S,
iri^g
1^6 The Hiflory of
requiring all pcrfons to yield him due ebediena.
This Proclamation ended, the Trumpets again found-
-ed, and feme Souldiers and other crycd out,God fave
the Lord Proteftor: Then was he again proclaimed bj
an Dilicer at Arms, (landing on the Stairs. TheCe-
■remcnics ended, the froceftor attended by all tht
OfScers of State, went into the Palace-Yard in hii
Robes, where encrlng his Coach, he returned in State
to White-Hall.
This year an Infurrcdfion was defigned by thofe
called Kifth Monarchy men, who had divers meet-
dngs iri an Houfe in Shore-Ditch, feveral of them beinj
difconcenccd perfons; who had been formerly of the
Army ; they had appointed to have Rendevouzed
on Mile-end-Green, and fo have marcheo into other
•Countiics to augment their party. At length chef
were feized, and fome Arms and Ammunition takci
with them, and a Standard with a Lyon Couchant,
-with this Motto, Who (hall roufe him up. The MeJ
taken were Venner, a Wine-Cooper, with their Scribe
-Grey, Goalcr Hopkins, Afhton, and others: About
them was fcund a Declaration in print, called, Th'
principle of the Remnant ; they were committed w
prifon, but after releafed without profecution. Like*
wife M.Gcn. Harrifon, Vice-Admiral Lawfon, CoH-
Rich, and Coll, Danvers, werefecured asDifcontenii'
About this f.ime theviftorious General Blake return'
ing from the Goads of Spain, fell fick of theScurv
tindDropfie, and dyed-juft entring into Plymoutl
Sound, vvhere he paffionacely inquired for Land ;
!-inru'rI vuirh an hanr^fhrnp Rnnf>ral frnm rireeO"*
by the
Sit m
tedK.
with 1
peftat
Eng;
mot,
Tvvaf,
gitnet!
Defce;
likevvi
oneol
Krai (
Fc
heir
Death
ferine
y it
Abe
Englif
ind ai
Dike,
it and
Splint
icont
en Fo
iheEi
cv T
hey f
tvas buried with an handforae Funeral from Gret"'
wich,and interr'd in Hen. 7. Chappel at Wedminde''
The Prpteftor to keep the Spaniards imployo
everywhere, makes a private agreement withFraiif
to fend a Brigade of his bed Infantry, ("which th
French extreamly wanted, to Flanders) confiding d
(^oooHien, and about May4. they arrived
and joined wk-h thoic Forces command
encc,
3und'
ifa«
edbj
eCe.
II thf
n hii
State
rhofe
meet-
being
t the
mid
other
I thef
takeJ
:hant,
: Men
jcribe
Sibout
The
ed I'.
Like'
Coll.
iteiiti.
-•turn,
curv)
noutl
i-, w
JreoO'
into
Oliver Cromwel. i ^7
bytheMarflialTurein, to which the prcttftor was
iie more induced becaufe the K. of Spain had invi-
ted K. Charles into his Dominiotis fince the breach
with England, and he was then at Bruges full ot ex-
peftacion of being reftored by tlie power of chat
"ling j and the Marquefs of Ormond, the Lord VVii-
itiot, the Lords Gerrard and-Wcntworch, the Lortf
fvvaf, and Getieral Middkton, had their feveral Re-
giments Quartered about tlie Sea coafts in order to a
Defcent, and the Dukes of York and Glocefter hat!
likewife commands in Flanders. Sir John Reynolds,
one of Cromvvels Knights, formerly Commiflary Ge-
leral of the Army in Ireland, was General of the Eng-
Forces, and coll, Morgan Major Gen. Before
ireir cmbarquement they Rendevoll^ed at Black-
Death, .where Mr, Hugh Peters gave them a Sermon
brincouragement, and were (hipped with a cnonchs
in hand, and all new red coats,
'About the middle of Septemhcr, the French and
tnglifh Forces advance into the Spaaifh Territories,
irid according to agreement fate down before Mar-
fike, a ffrong Fortrefs, and put tliemfelves between
it and Dunkirk; General Montague riding before the
Splinter with a Fleet of War, it was not long before
continued Battery made the befieged quit the wood-
ts Fort, which fo incommoded them when taken by
ike Englifh, that they were obliged to y idd to mer-
ty, Turenne not allowing them better terms becaule
'key had refufed his firfs.offers: Mardike was pre-
btly put into the hands of the Englifh according to
'gteemenc, in confideracion of our afliffance, and
'f ve't ?"• Morgan cook-pofieiTton thereof with feveral Re- ,
' litnents, whom the Spaniards foon after endeavoured
^ _ k remove, by a fudden and fierce aflaulc, after the
''^tmies were drawn into Winter Quarters, fkce be-
A miles from Dunkirk, they were very
jwrful it might indanger that Town alfo. Where-
^ Don lohn of Auffrta refolved to hazarij a Sea-
anil
168 Ihe Hiflory of
)ado and Attack by Night ■, the Duke of York,
the Marqucfs of Caravene managed the bufinefs, aaJ
Cliarks, and the D. of Glocefkr, had conveyeJ
themfelves into Dunkirk toobferve the fuccefs of
Oft. 22. About 4000 Engltfh, Scots, Irifh, and foitt
Spaniards, about Ten a Clock at Night, began tlie
Iforming of Mardike with Hand-Granadoes, and
other Engines proper for an affault, and were got
to the Trenches, and had mounted the Scaling lad-
ders, but the Englifft within being ready to receivi
them, commanded by Reynolds, Morgan, and
■lingftone, who were there at that time, the Affailanii
were with great flaughter repulfed and beaten down
■the Cannon in the mean time, from the Englifh Fleet
in the Splinter, firing their broadfides upon tbcBi
being direfted by four great Torches fctupatth
four corners of the Fort, how to avoid damaging it-
Yet about four a Clock in the morning, the D.ci
York commanded the aflault to be renewed, whid
was done with greater fury, but to as little purpoft
or advantage as before, fo that day light approachiii|
they were forced to retreat, carrytng away the iti
in Waggons, which were >udged to be fomehun-
dreds, though the number was not certainly knmvii
Since force v;ould not prevail, the Duke defignc
to attempt the regaining this important place by fir*
ragem, -o which patpofe he imployed a ^cotci
Enighc, vvho was well acquainted with General Bej
nokls, to reprefent to iiim the advantages Ire mig»
■obtain by ferving the King, and promoting his Ifflf
rer"l and Refforatioa, which it feems fo far prevaild
that Reynolds agreed to give the Duke a meeting fx
twist Dunkirk and Mardike, with a party of Hotl
on either fi'de. At their approach, Reynolds ftefff
much refpeft to the Duke, and fome private difcotX
fes paffed between them which were never made pa'
lick, and tlien the General returned to the Fort, f
riK Duke to Dtm-kirk. The Protcftor having Intf
liget!
cert
(ion.
Seen
thcc.
Was £
Dec.
Bior:
back
Belt
man
A
ttvo
ed
jfcei
Env
the
wh
this
dur:
200
his
the
Was
ofc
put
Woe
See
ed.
chc
HO!
the
ma
the
Oliver Cromwcl. itfp
, £^'5 Enterview, difpacchc aiv-ay a mcffcii-
' anj|8££ command Genera! Reynolds infiantiy to Lon-
'eyeilj'io''i which he, with Coll. White, and the Genera!*
of itj^crytary, readily obeying, and caking the firfl Ihip.
fonie('''^£-^'asready, and would venture to gooff, vvljicli
n tlKp^'Pink of loo Guns, in a ftormy Night,
ndaJl'^'e' '2 (aFrigate offering to wait upon him chenevc
ocinporning) he was caff away the fame Night on the
Ijilback of the Goodwin-fands, his Chefir, Sword, and
;ceiviPel£) being found thereabout, and Coll. Morgan com-
I liijinandcd in his place.
lijaniil About this time there happened Wars between the
awnil"™ Northern Crowns, and the Danes having attack-
F]££t(fd Bremer-warden, a very (trong place, and ibon
[IjdinJ'fcer mafter'd it, the Proteftor fctic Sir Philip Medovvs
at ro the K. of Denmark, and Coll. Jephfon to
ingitr'^2 K. of Sweden, then journying out of Poland,
'0,c|fwhere he was ingaged in War likevyifc^ to meet
whicliP'i'5 new Enemy : They were both well received,and.
irpofJ "luring this Mediatioti the F or lent fuppliesof
ichiia 2'3oo men and arms to his Ally the K. of Sweden.
; deal' Mean while the proteftor at home was fwearing
ehuii| l''s Privy Council, perfuant to one of the Articles of
novvnl 'hf humble pecicion and advice, and his Son Richard
Was made one, and alfo Chancellor of the Univcrfity
of Oxford: His Son Henry was conftituced Lord De- '
patyof Ireland ; and his Son-in-law, the Lord Fleer-;
vwod, was defigned- to be Lord. Coramiflioner of
Scotland, where General Monk at prefenc command- '
od.. He likewife, in thisiacerval of Parliament, made'
choice of fevetal perfons to fill up the other Houfe or'
jngbfj Houfe of Lords (according to the fourth Article of
Hot| rbe Petition and Advice) being fixty two in number,
hevvef Tiaiiy of whom refufed to appear or aid with them j.
ifcoW dieir Names were thcfe :
{tpulj Lord Rich. Cromwel,
rr ,a !i] L. Henry Cromwel,
Intw I. Commilfioner Lille,
fignul
y flrjJ
jcotcij
ilfid
mm
s iBtd
vaiM
L. Frefidenc Lawrence,
Lr. GetK Fleetwood,
Robert E, of Warwick,
Ed.w,
[■'i
i'/O The HiHeryof
Edw. E of Mancheftcr, Olirer Sc. John"!,
L. Say 'and Seal,
L. Vifcoiint Lifie,
L.Vifcounc Howard,
Philip L. Wharton,
L. Falconbridge,
1. Ewers,
|ohn Cleypool,
John Desborough,
General Monta^ee,
Btdftiode Whitlock,
William Sydenham,
Sir Charles Woolfey,
Sir Gilb. Pickering,
Maj. Gen. Skippon,
Walter St rickland,
Francis F*ous,
John Jones,
Sir Will. Strickland,
Sir Francis Rulfcl.
Sir Tho. Honeywood,
Sir Arth. flaflcrig.
Sir John Hobard,
Sir Pach. Onflow,
Sir Gilb. Gcrrard,
Sir WiUiam Roberts,
John Glyn,
He like wife midc
Great Sea!;
Will. Pierepoinr,
John Crew,
Alex. Popham,
Philip Jones,
Sir Chfifloptser Pack,
Sir Robert Tichboarn,
Edward Whaley,
John Berkflead,
Sir John Hewfon,
Sir Thomas Pride,
Sir George Fleetwood,
Richard Ingoldsby,
James Berry,
William GofF,
Thomas Cooper,
Edmund Thomas,
General Monk,
Lbvid Earl of Caffills,
Sir VVilligm tocKhsrt,
Lord VVarrcfion,
.William Steel, ■
Roger Lord Broghill,
Sir Matt. Tomlinfon,
VVilliam Lenthall,
Richard Hamden,
lot
three mmifnoners of the
VVilliam Lenthall, Mafler
of die Rolls.
Nach. Fiennes,
John Lifle,
Judges of both Benches.
Of the Upper Bench .* Of the Common Bench t
John Glyn, L.C. Juflicc, Edward Atkyns,
Philip VVariinton, , ' Matthew Hale,
, RichardN idiga's,. Hugh VVindhim,
Oliver St. jtahn..
R-ir-r^flC
Oliver Crotnwel. 17^ |
Barons of the Exdrequer; Attorney Genera!, t
Robert Nicholas, Edmund irideaux.*
John Parker, Sollicitor General,
Roger Hill» William Ellis.
Erafinus Earl.
The time of the prorogation of the parliament Be- !
ing expired, they niaketheir appearance again, and
the perfons above-named met in the Koufe of LorriSj I
where the proteflor-coming, he fends to the Com- j
moos to tell them, that he ddired their attendance ;
i:i the Houfe of Feers, wither the Speaker atid the ;<!
Werabers go, to whom he makes a very plealing V
fpeech, concluding, ' That if they would go onto i
' profecute what they had begun, they fhould be cal-
' led thebleffed of the Lord, and the Generations to '
' come would blefs them. After which the Lord j
Commillioner Ficnnes fpake to them, declaring what
occafionsthe Government had for money, and that'
the money already granted, though it was thought fuf-
.fieient, yet fell much beneath theexpeuce and neceffi"- 1
ty of the flate; efpecwlly that Tax upon the new '
buildingSj failed altogether of what wasexpefted and '
intended by it, atld fp recommended the whole affair
to their confideration. :
Being fate in their Houfes, the other Houfe fent to,
the Commons, by two of their Members, ameffage ■
for a day of Humiliation, and were returned with this
anfwer, The Houfe will confidcr ofit; and then they
Voted, that for two months time liberty fhould be gi-
yen to exhibit any petitions againfl undue Eleflions; ■
and confented to a Faff, which was kept within the ,
walls of both Houfes, by^Dr. Reynolds, Mr. Gary! .j
Mr. Calamy, and Mf.Griffidi.
The parliament, according to the fourth Article O :'
thel'etkion and Advice, which fays, 'That no Mem
' bers legally chofen fhould be excluded from perfor ■
* mance of their duty but by confent of parliament,:"
iffl.'nediately proceed to the calling over, and re-adfi
^ ^ mirtm 1
5 72 Thf Hifiory of
mitcirig ihofe members which liacl fo'merly been fe-
eluded by the rrotcOcr, to His Highnefs great difcon-
tent. The f Jouft being nowfcfi, began to flight the
ether Koufe, which they faid, being a power created
by a part of a ptriiament, ought not to Iiave a Nega-
tive Voice over a full Hou'fe, ami at Jengdi they pro-
eeeded to queflion the proceftors power ia calling atid
authorizing them to fir as an Houfe of feers. The
proteftor doabting to what height thefe debates
mightarife, Feb. 4-. 1657. he gets'to the Honfe of
Lords, and by the Ufhtr of the black Rod fends to
acquaint the Commons c.f his being there ; fo the
fpeaker and members coming to the Bar, His Highnefs
fitting under a Chair of State made a long fpeechi
and in concliifioa told them, ' That it did concern
* his Interefi, as much as the publick peace and tran-
' quiility of die Nation, to difiolve this paTliamcnr,
; ' and therefore he did now put an end to their fitting;
So the Houfe in obedience to his commands diffolvcd.
This was the fourth parliament he had diffolvcd, ha-
ving turned out the Long parliament, the Little par-
fiamenc, the Recognition parliament, and the prefent
Junflo. It was faid of the three latter, which was fum-
r moned by Cromwsl himfelf, ' That the firfi was cal-
* led but not chofen : The fecond did ;uft nothing r
* And the third did aothing Juft.
The Royalifls now make another attempt for refio-
ring King Charles, of which the protedtor had Intel-
ligence by hisEmiffarics, fo that \yhen the defign
' was jufi ripe for execution, he publifiicd ?. Proclama-
rion for all Cavaliers to depart twenty miles frcniLon-
■ don and VVefl-minfier, and the -Viarquefsof Orniond,
^vho was perfonaily concerned in the Intrigue, with
]much difficulty cfcaped in a-fraail Bbac from SuffcK
•o Flanders; but feveral others were fcized, as coll.
'Huffel, SirK'ill. Compton, Sir (fill. Clayton, Mr.Mor-
jane brother to the Earl of Peterborough, Dr. ]ohn
icwic preacher at Sc.Giegorics St.Pauls, Mr.l-food- •
Oliver Cromwef.
Mr. Manfd, Mr.Mallory, Sir Hqnry Slfngsbr, and many i|
^brej moft of them were kept dole I'nfbners till (bme were pre- J
yaifed upofi to be Witneiles agaihft other.?. The defign was laid-
'n Kent, Edex, Surrey and Suflex, the King being ready to liave ,
pafi'ed oyer from Vlanders with an Ariny, under the conduit ot
Coirnc Marciii the P. of Condi's General, and Portihioiuh, Hull,
and other Maritime Fortreffes, were treated for.. The Pfoteflor
Cent for the Lord Mayor and Aldermen of London,acquaintiiig them
with what difcoveries he had made, ar.4 the danger they were in,
who thereupon chofe a nevo Lieutenancy, and changed the Officers
of the Trained Bands, and theProtedor doubled his Guards, and
an alarm was given, that on May 16. the Cavaliers had appointed ,
for thdr riling, and bring the Town, and all the Souldisrs about.
the City were to be murdered, whcreup.CR all the fix Legiments ;
Were raifed aronce, and diver? Citizens fehcd.
Soon after another HighCourt of JufHce was crcoied, before.-
whom Dr. Hcwit, and Sir Kemy Siingsby, were brought and.
charged with HighTrealbn upon theft Articles: ' i. That they;
' had rraicgroufly aixi m^Iidoufly endeavoured to raiic three, and.'
' levy War againft his HighiieG ard the Govern r.ent, and to I'ub- ■;
' vert andslrer thcftme. 2. That they hsd.traiteioiifly declared, .
' pMblisted, and promoted, Charles Stuart, eldelt S.^n of theiate ..
* K. Charles,to he F^ing of England, Scot landan 1 ircland. 3. That..
' th.whad held Intelligence with thcfiidCbarlcsSiuart. ^.^r.Hewic
^ild not own the Court, bur pleaded feveral cafes againft U, and ! •
^vas therefore condemned as mute; Mr Mordant was next (ec to .
the Bar. who argued fo very plainly and fully againfltheEvidence,.
that he was acquitted by one voice only. Sir Henry Slingsby de- -
fended himfelf by allcdgmg, Thar what was (aid oy h.m about.
IMticiiig the Governor of Hull, and perfw-ad-ng him ro (urrer.dcr".'
tfctGarrilbn to the King, was but only in Jeft and diftourfeS;, '
He was found guilty ar.d condemned. Mr. Jilaiiory pleaded gull-
tyand was (aved. Mr. Woodcock cleared him^if fo \vcH> that
they could fallen nothing upon him- June 8. 1657. Ur. Hewic
a 'dSir Henry Slingyby were Beheaded on Tower-bill, though ma- -
tiy endcavoiirswerc u(ed, and much ibllidcation made to fave
their Lives. Some other perfons of inferior quality were likewife ••
Ttyed and Es^ecutedupon thisaccount, asCoU. Edw* Afiiton,who .
Hang d and Quarrered at Mark-lane-end, in Tower-flreer.
Edmund Stacy againft the Royal Exchaoge, and JohnBettely in.
ChCaplide.
About rhi-s rimea..greac Whale of fixry foot long cams up as ft?
®sGrcenwieh, ro the admiration of all that faw hi.s'vaflbulk>bein'g 1
Psrfiied with Ga; s and other weapors, wich greatdanger. and at . .
i^ngch Wus brought dead to the iboTe. ' •.
, The French and Englifh Artr.irs being joined, now fare do^w^*
•tfore Dunkirk, reiolving.. to take it before theyftirre.^ which,.;
"--S ' he-./; j
174 ff ijfory af
hotly alarmed the Spaniards in all their Quarters j whereupon Dom
John of Aufttia, confldering the importance ofthis place, as being,
'the Key of Fhitiders, and a Frontier of France, Co that if the
Engliih poffefled it', they might hare an opportunity to conquer
nil Flanders, by the Forces that might be continually landed from
England, with theTupplies of money which this Town, by their
Itootics, brotiglic into the Treafcry. Upon thefe and the like
time run thetr Trcn.hcs.
to the Spanifli Ccuntericarp, and ftill approached nigher the wall,
v .'hich the Spaniards having notice of, and tearing their relief
plight come too late, he made all poffible hade to itsalSEance;.
, the better to effcd which, Don John their General dreins moll of
theGanilors, and compleats a body offixtcen thoufind tnen.with..
i which he marches with all Ipeed rhrough Fuernes, and Incamps
; within a mile and halfbf Marfbal Ttireirs Qiiarters, of v/hich the;
'.Confederates-having advice, immediately diflodge with a body of'
•: about hfteen thourand, leaving hill enough to Guard the Trend eij
f'aml make good tire approaches, if the Townfinch IhoulcTattcmpr
j! a Saify. With this Detachment of men, and ten pieces of Cannon, -
uTvr.dn faces the ^uaniard : The Fnglilh Foot v/ere drawn up in;
I' fbur great Battalions, and were ordered to give thefirft aifaultup-
' on font' other Battalions of Spanilh Foot, who h^d the advantage
i of the ground, being placed upon three riling Hillocks, aac! were
feconded by Don John himfcif
The Engii'Si w.erc commanded by thei Lockhart, who having
ordered a Forlorn Hope of 500 Musketeers to mount the Sana'
KiUs>together with his own Regiinentof Foot,under CoIl.Fcnwick,
, ii they lloutly ma'ntained their ground, though the Spaniards played;
i|:dpwn continial Volleys of (hot among them, and the French refit-
, fed to (kond {hem :. He then lent another confiderabte Brigade to
: thieir relief, who inftaatly fell in with the But end of thcirMuskets
■ smong ihe Spaniih Foot,and rhey not being ufed ro iuch C lub Law,.
I left the Field and fled ; whereupon the French Horle feeing the-
] good fortun"*j>f the Englifh Foot, fell in upon the Spani/h Horle,
ofwhomftood the charge,except thole under the command of
the Dukes of York and Glocefter, who after (bmerefiftance, were.
■ forced by che numher of the affailants to follow the reft.
^ Xn this B^^ttcl a great part of the L.Lockharts Regiments were.
^ either flain or wounded, and Lt. Coll. Fenwick was killed bj' a
r ktttBket Bullet. The ftaughter was great, the French Horle being
-very feverc inthe purfuit, (b that near 3000 were (lain, and many
b SpatiiJS Noblemen killed, wounded,and taken Priloners. This to-
: (\ ial rout of the Relievers Army put difpair into the Dunkirkers,wbo
I i coald now expetS: no relief either by Sea ofLand, theEnglifh Fleet
nfelocking them tip by Sea, and Don John of Auftria not being aWe
Otftcr Cfomwel/
175
fs-recruit hts Army by Land : Yet the Marquefs of Leda,their Go-
vetnour, to demonftiate (bme courage,made frequent ftrongSallies
upon the French Qiiarters, which (eemed to proceed rather from
Befpair than Valour, for he who was the life of the bufincft recei-
ved a wound in one of theni, of which he (hortly dyed, ard with ,
him theSpaniardsloft poifeiTionof the Town of Dunkirk, for after
the French and Engliihhad played 14 days (acceiTively with their ,
Mortar pieces upon the p|ace,vheBericged grew weary of the (porG
?nd beac a Parley, and the Town was delivered up to them.
Dunkirk being eftablifhed in the.hands ofthe Englifli>thc French •
Army.after about a months Siege, poflefs thenaldves ofGiaveling,
a ftrong Fartrclv not far from Dunkirk, -fo thai the EngliJh and .
French had now in their hands all the.Frontier Towns on this fide.
Flanders
Aiiiidft thcfe Triumphs and Succefle,s, the Lady Claypoo!;, the,
Protceiors only Daughter, and whole image (fee was faid to be,.
Dyed, Aug. 6. at Hampton-Court, from.whence flie was conveyed .
byWarertbur daysafcer, with a great,n^ny Mourning Barges, to . ;
'Weilminfter, and there laid in the-Painted-Chamber, Vv'herea i
ftately Hearfewasprepared for her, and about Twelve at, NighSv j
W45 tarried into K.Henry vn.Chappel, and there Interred ins :
place purpolely provided tor iter. Her death war faid to l>e !q grio»,
VQus to her Father, thatic was chotight. thecaufe of hisownfoo.n
after, for having been very melancholly from tliac time, till abo^^.
the end of Aiiguft, his diftemper at length appeared to be a Tertian [
Ague,, which together .with other malignant humours, (6 deprgfled i
his Vicals, that it brought him to his end, though with many ftri-
vmgs and ftrugglings, he often falling into Swouns and Trances.
He cosid not be periwaded at firft that his Diftemper was mortal^^' i
''That as God had carried him to that height, he did '
* bdieve he had ibme further Work for him, to do j and (bme of
his Chaplains were of the (ame opinian. But his Fits mcreafing,,
and cauling him to talk delirious, ami to faint often, the Privy-.'
Cpunc'I concluding lie could (carce endure another Fit, repaired. tQ
him, and earncftly prefted him, according to the hrft Article of ,
the Petition and Advice, t,o Nominate his Succeflbrj and though '
he was hardly (enfible, yet they demanding if he, did not. appoint
his tldeft Son Richard to (ucceed him. he aniwered Y E S. Th? ,
N'gbt before his departure, he was obfervedtp.prayas&lloweth^^ ;
'■LpRD, I am a miierablc Creature, yet I am in Covenant '■
' with Thee through Grace, and I may, .1 will come unto Thea.',,
* for thy people: Lord, thou haft maae me, though very lunvoT" •
* thy, a mean fnftruraent to do them (bme good, end theefervice,.,
and many of them ha-d too.high a vah;e, tot mc, though others,;-
' Would be glad of my fall., But Lord, howlocver thou doft dK;!
! pofe of me, dp good to tbeta: Give confiftcncyyof •JudgmcOTj" j
f 'j6 The Hijlory of
'1 one hejrt and mntuai love unto them: r .et the Nnmeof Chrift
be Glorious throughout the World; Pardon llich as delight to
T trample upon the Allies of a Worm, and pardon the folly of this
if fiiort Prayer, even for Jelits Chrift his lake.
J
]] This was Qti Thurfday Night, and on Friday Morning, Sept. 3.
11658. his twice Vid:-oriousday at Dunbar and Worcefter,thereap*
V)p>earcd all the ligns of a dying peiipil, and about Threea Clock in
ijthe Atcernoon lie expired. A day ornvabefore his Death, a very
igreac Tempcft happened, which was thought to torbode ir.
1 Th'js you have a full account of the cnd.of Oli-'cr Crotmve!,
I jLord Protestor of England, Scotland and Ireland, whole Valour
Amounted him to that height by which her,tiled his Fat^ily al-
imcit equal tochebeft of the Kingdom, and the Nation to that
, 'falcry, rhat Forreign Princes feared and envied him. He had
:itwoSoiis, Richard who fucceeded Irliii, and Henry, who from-.
<iKXteen years of Age, was by his Father bred a SpuUlier, .and was
;at his Death Lord,Deputy of Ireland : And four Daughters,
I jpridget frft Marriei^to the Lord Deputy Ireton, and afterward'
jto the Lord Fleetwood. EliTaberKhis lecond Daughter,"Marriedr
■ ■.tothe Loid Clcypool, Mafterofhis Horle. Mary his third, Matr.'
' < jaed to the Loivt Falc'Onbvidge. Frances his youngeft. Married to;
i xhc Lord Pkh, Grandfon to the Earl of Warwick.
( Alter fiisexpiration, theCorpsyvas Imbalraed, and wrapped in
(a flieet oi Lead, andSept.aS. ab'uut Ten at Night, removedfrom
White Piall in a Mourning Hearfe, where his Effigies was with-
(great Magnificence expolcd ptiblickly to the view of multitudes,'
: 1 who came daily to lee it, tlllNovember 3. -following, and then in,
I threat State it was conducted f -cm SomGrfet.Ho -jfe to Weftmia-
lifter, and placedin the Abbey-Church, under aftately Monument
jfEreCicd for it, with the Banners and fix Enfigns of Honour
iplaced aboutit, the Corp.s having been Ibme days before Buried'
3 in a Vault purpofely provided for ir, in Kir.g Henry the Sevenths
jOtappel.
;} Sic Tranfic Gloria Mundi.
1
I . ~ •
f'
F I N I s.
A Catalogue of Books Br'med for Nath. '
Crouch, at the »« the Poultrey, uear i
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I.lj" Nglands Monarchs; Or, A Compendious Re!a-
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Julius Csefar to this prefent; adorned with poems,and !
the pifture of every Monarch from K, William the
Conqueror,to the third year of K. William Stfl^Mary.
'With a Lift of the Nobility, the Knights of the Garter,, h
the number of the Lords and Commons, who have ij
Votes in both Houfes of rarliaraent; and many other
ufeful particulars. Price one Shilling.
a.'^HE Wars in England, Scotland and Ireland,
1 containing a particular and Impartial Account i
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aftions. Revolutions and Accidents, which happened,
from the beginning of the Reign of King Charles 1.
1^25. to His Majefties happy Reftauration: Theille.-
gal Tryal of K. Charles I. at large, with his laft fpeech
at his fnffering-, and the moft confiderable matters till
i^do. with piftures of feveral accidents. Price One
Shilling.
g.Hp H E Hiftoryof Oliver Crorawel, being anim- '
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other Military Acchievements,wherein he wasingaged
in England, Scotland and Ireland ; and particularly ,
all the Sea Fights with the Dutch and French; and
likevvife of his Civil Adminiftrations, while he had ,
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out Refleftion or Obfervation. By R. B. Price
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4.r Tlftoidcal Remarks and Obfervationsof the An-
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-£xsJ
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B'doki Printed for, and are
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an account of the mod rem^rltable accidents, as to
Wars, Fires, Plagues, and other occurrences, for
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5 A Dmirable Curiofities, Rarities and Wonders in
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of many remarkable perfonsand places; and likewife.
of theBattles, Sieges, prodigious Earthquakes, Tern-
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for many hundred years pad; Together vvitii the na-
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wi th fe veral curious Sculptures. Frice One (hilling.
6/' I ' H E Hidory of the Kingdoms of Scotland and
X Ireland, containing, i. An account of the
molt remarkable Tranfadionsand Revolutions inScot-
land for above 1200 years pads, duringthe Reigns of
58 Kings, from 424, toK- James I, in i5o2. 2. The
Hidory of Ireland, from the Conqued thereof to this
time, with the miraculous perlonsaad places, drange
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Officers of State in both Kingdoms, Illudrated with
Teveral pidures of fome extraordinary obfervables.
P rice O ne ffiilling.
7.' I ^ H E Englifh Empire in America, or a prof-
X ped of His Mapedies Dominions in the Wed-
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York,New-Jerfey,Penf)lvania,Mary-kn4,Yirg!nia,Ca-
rolina,Bermudas,Barbuda,Anguilla,' Monferrat, Dorai--
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phers, Barbadoes,and]araaica; with an account'of their
Dircoyery,Scituation and Produft: The Religion and;
manners of the Indians, and other ejtcelleDcies of thefe
Sold by Nath. Crouch.
Countries; To which is prefixed a relation of the firfl
difcovery of this New World, and of the remarkable
Voyages and Adventures of Sebaftian Calror, Sir Mar-
tin Frobifher,Captain Davies,Capt.VVeymouth, Cape.
Hall, Capt. Hudfon,'Sir Tho. Cavendifh,the E. ofGum-
berland,Sir Walter Rawleigh,and otherEnglifh VVor-
thies, to divers places therein. llluHrated with Maps
andpiSures of theftrange Fruits,Birds,Beads,Fifhcs,
Infefts,5erpents,and Monfters found in thofe parts of
the VVorld. Trice One fhilling.
8. V View of the Englifh Acguifitions ill Guinea
Jy\. and theEaft-IndiestVVithan Aecountofthe
Reiigion,Government,VYars ffrange Cufloms, Beads,
5crpents, Monders, and other .obfcrvables in thofe
Countnes. And among others, the Life and Death
of Mahomet the Grand Impodor, with the principal ;!
Dofttines of the-Turkidi Religion as they are difplay'd [
Jn the Alcoran. Two Letters, one written by the
Great Mogul, and the other by the King of Sumatra j
in the Ead Indies, to our K. James I, of an uhufual i
and extravagant dile. The cruel Executions in thofe !
parts, with the manner-of tVe Womens burning them-
felves with their dead Husbands. Together wirh a de- i
fcription of the Ifle ofSt.Helena, and the Bay of Soul- ,(
dahia, where the Englifiiufually refrefh inthcTVoy- ;
ages CO the Indies; incermixt with pleafant Relacion|, .
an d enl ivened with piftures. Price One fhilling.
HE Englifh Heroe ; Or, Sir Francis Drake
Revived. Being a full account of the dange-
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veries, and Magnanimous Acchievements of that Va- \
liant and Renowned Commander. As, i. His Voyage i
in 1572. to Hombre de Diosin the Wed-Indies,where i|
they faw a pile of Bars of diver near feventy foot long,;
tea foot broad,and twelve foot high. 2. His incompaf-
fing the whole Woildin 1577. which he performed,,
in two years and ten months,gaining a vad quantity of
Gold and silver. 3. His Voyage into Anaerica in 158
Books Printed for, and are
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lo.'T"'WO Joarnies to Jerufalem; containing, firfi,
X Anaccounrof the Travels of-two Englidi
Pilgrims fome years fince, and what admirable acci-
dents befel them in their Journey to Jerufalem,Grand
Cairo, Alexandria, &c. 2. The Travels of 14 Engiii'h
Merchants in i66g, from Vcanderoon to Tripa!y,Jop-
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Jordan, the Lake of Sodom and Gomorrah, and back
again to Aleppo. To which is added, a Relation of the
great Council of the Jews, afTemblcdin the plains of
Ajayday in Hungary, idjo. to examine che Scriptures,
concerning Chrilh By S.,B. an Englifh-man there pre-
fent: With che notorious clelufibn of the Jews, by a
counterfeit MelTial'.jOr falfe Chriilat Smyrnajin 1666.
and che event thereof.^LaiTly, The Extirpation of the
Jews throughout Perfia in 1666. Epiille of King Ag-
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tiffed with pidures. Price One fhilling.
'n. extraordinary Adventures of feveral famous
t... men ; with the flrange Events,^, and' ffgnal
'mutatidns and changes in che Fortunes of II-
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rouacof a multitude of ftupendious revolutions, acci-
'dents,and obfervable matters in divers VtatesandPro-
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Trice One Ihiiling.
,i2.'*'l~fHE Hifloryof the'Nine'Worthies of the
/ j ^j World : Three whereof were Gentiles j
Hector Son of Priamus King of Troy. 2. Alexander
"the great King of iWacedon, and conqueror of the
^orld. ^.Julius Cxfarfirn: Emperor of Rome. Three
^ews. 4. Jofhua Captain Generi and Leader of Ifrael
' into
Ife
' he
> I
' Sold hy Nath. Croucfi.
mtoCanaan. 5. David Kingofifsael. d. Judas Macca
beus a valiant Jew ifh commander, agairift the Tyran-
Ry of Anciochos. Three ChriAians. 7. Arthur King of
Brittain, who couragioiifly defended his country
againfl the Saxons. 8. Charles the Great, K. of France,
and Emperor of Germany. 9. Godfrey of Sullen King
ef jerufalcm. Being an account of their GloriousLives,
worthy Aftiops, renowned Viflories and Deaths. II-
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15 f^Emale Excellency, or the Ladies Glory, II-
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The Hifiory of Danaus and his fifty Daughters, who
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ncr of J ulius Cscfars invading Brittain, and of the Va-
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flew yothoufand Romans,'with many other remarka-
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15
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J theSadduces and Atheifts of the Age, who deny tW
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defcribing the raoft Magnificent Buildings, and other
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mnoi
the I
befo
povvi
CCS c
tefla
tanc(
Thei
i4ar'
ftraf
the f
and
Judt
fcafo
what
efAi
^9-1
Anci
plate
livel;
and j
an h(
kplf
good
eveiti
is life
Jing,
Lftion
1 ne«
iGri
•?f
n tilt
atrtd,
larity,
c Ani'
: IS
ory
;,Pof-
fupeP
15 I®
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ami'
:ord!|
rd bj
refact
ins
,y th<
;veriil
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ipear-
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froit "Ocient and Modern, curioufly Ingraven upon copper
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jcher illuffration ofeachEmblem,whereby inftrurtion
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fturej"' honefl, and pieafant recreation eo which is prefix-
^il
H:'
, V'
tf:'
Bookj Printed for^ and are
ed, Att incomparable poem, intitu!ed,Majefty in mi-
fery, or an imploracion co the Kicgof Kings, written
by HisFareMajefly K.Charles I. with his,ovvn hind,,
daring bis captivity in Carisbrook caftk in the Ifleof,
F^'ightj 11548. with a curious Emblem. Colleftedby
R. B. Price 2 s. 5 d.
20
E'
Moral,
i;;
'I
Xcellent contemplations Divine and
written by the magnanimous and truly loyal
A. L. Capel Baron of Hadham together with fome
account of his life, and his affeftionatc Letters to his
Lady the day before his'death, with his Heroick be-
haviour and laft fpeech at liis fulfering.Alfo the fpeech
es and carriages of D.Ham. and the E. of Holl. who
fuffered with him •, with his pious advice co his SoUi
Price One fhiliing.
21W 7fnter Evenings entertainments in two parts,
VV containing, i. Ten pleafant Relations of
many rare and potable accidents and occurrences,
with brief remarks upon everyone. 2. Fifty Ingeni-
oub Riddles, with their explanations, and ufeful ob-
fervaciqns, and tnorals upon each. Enlivened with-
above 60 piftures,for iUhftratitig every ftory and rid-
die. Excellently accommodaired to the fancies of OM
or Young, and ufeful to chearful fbciety and conver'
fatibn. Price One fhiliing.
2-2.1' AElighcful Fables inProfe and Verfe, none oj
/ them to" be found in iEfop, but collefted
fronr divers ancient and modern Authors, with
piftures and proper morals to every Fable. Several of
thenwvery pertinent and applicaWe to the prefeM
times.: pubhlhed as a means which in alj ages hath
been found for pleafure, and likewife for inffruftioB
in the prudent conJuft of our livies and aftions. By
R. B. jPfice bound One fhiliing.
,:l. <■'
r:
Divine Banquet, or Sacramental.DeyO'
1 cionsa coafifiing of morning and evenml
•aycja
Sold iy Naili, Crouch.
prayers, contemplations and Hymns, for every day in
the week, in or^'r to a more loleran preparation for
the worthy receiving of the Holy Communion, repre-
renting the feveral fteps and degrees of tlie forrow
and fufferingsof curbleffed Saviour, till he gave up
the Ghofi : As, i. His agony in the Garden. 2. His be-
ing betrayed by Judas. 9. His being falfly accufed,
ftr.itten, buffetted and fpic upon before Caiaphas the
High prieft. 4. His condemnation, fcourging.crowning
with Thorlis, and being delivered to be crucified by
Pontius Pilate. 5. His bearing his crofs to Golgotha.
6. His crucifixion and bitter paffion. 7. Our Saviotms
Infiitntion of the blelfed Sacrament. Together witfi
brief refoluticns to all chofe fctuples and objefticns
ufually allcdged for the omiffion of this important
duty. With eight curious fculptures proper torhefe-
veral parts, wiih Graces. Imprimatur, Z iniam,R.l'.D.
Hen.Epifc.Lend, a facris, fece One [hilling.
24. A Guide to eternal Glory: Or, brief direffions
to all Chriftians how to attain everlafting
falvatTon." To which are added feveral other fmall ■
Trafts: As I. Saving Faith difcovered in three heaven •
1y conferences between our blefled Saviour and i. A
publican. 2. A pharifee. 3. A doubting Chriftian.
2. The threefold fiate of a Chriftian, i. By Nature:
2. By Grace.' 3. In Glory. 3. The fcriptures concord,
compiled out of tfie words of fcripture, by way of
queftlon and anfwer, wherein there is chefum of the
way to falvacion, and fpirfcual things compared with
rpiritual. 4. The charaftcr of a true Chriftian. 5. A.
brief Direftory for the great, necefTary, andadvanra-
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Chriftian may every day examine himfelf. 6. A fhort
Dialogue between'a Learned Divine atid a Bcggarr
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membrances and pious thoughts. 9. Hiftory improved,
Oi
'Sp''
Books Pri>rted for, and are Y
or Chriftian applications and improvements of
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feveral Divine poems, upon divers fubjeds and fcrijr
cures. Price One fhilhng. . »liftha'
2 Ouths Divine partime, containing forty
X markable fcripcure hiftories, turned intX^ggj
common Englifh Verfe ; with forty piftures proper
each ftory, very delightful for the vertaous, imploy I
ing the vacant hours of young perfons, and prevcnrinj
vain and vicious divertifements.Togetlier with fevew
fcripture hymns upon divers occafions. Price 8 d.
T
1
'JJ E young mans calling,-or the whole dut|
_ of youth, in a ferious and compafflonaK
addrels to all young perfons to remember their Crea-
tordn the days of their youth. Together with rerhariis
upon the lives of feveral excellent young perfons
both fexes, as well ancient as modern, who have beesl
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On the martyrdom of feven Sons and their mother.
Of Roraanus a young noble man, and of divers. hoiy
Virgins knd martyrs. On the lives of King Edw. VI,
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A'enry eldefl Son of King James, and the young Lord
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; j vanity of the life of man reprcfcnted ifl!
■ I X the feven feveral ftages thereof,with pidures
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'l! Containing, the hiilory of the cruel death of Caffia-
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'' ' fuffered martyrdom for the profeffion of rheChriflian
' Faith,by the hands of his own Scholars, in the bloody
:i Eeign of Dioclefian an heathen Emperor of Home
■; with divers other poems compiled byMrs.Ano Askew
■ 'and Mr. JobnHogers, whilft th'ey were prifbners in|
Newgate, and afcetward burnt in Smithfield, in the
:a:ion
land,'
i6
iderm;
[the c
effer
late ;
liath
^ance
ding
Babvl
tndl
picatc
:hor I
K the
liva
3g5
fcri|
J rf'
ler t(|,
ploy.
5o/.^ Nath. Crouch,
iloody reign ofC^een Mary. By R. B. Licenfed and
Vrice Eight pence.
iintred.
i8.
Ount SioHjOr a draught of that Church that
_ _ _ fliall ftand for ever; together with a view
if that world which (hall be broken in pieces and con-,
[lined. By William Dyer, ..Authorof Chriflsfamous
rkles.and a Believers Golden chain, Frice i fliiliing.
Dlflreficd Sion relieved, or, the Garment of
praife for the fpirit of heayincfs. A poem,
herein are difcovered the grand , caufes of the
"Mf t/h:
verai
dutj
onate
^rea-
iarks
'j S
beej
:ioiiJ,
3Utll.
tber.
hoFy
. VI,
■ince
.ord.
iftra.
id ifl
:ures
hich
ions,
iffia.
who
flian
)ody
me j
:evv
•s in
iiurches trouble and mifery under the late difmal
lifpenfacion with a complcac hifiory of, and lamen-
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the cruel proceedings of the late Lord Chancellor
[efferies in the IVefi. rogether with an account 'o'"the
lace admirable pnd fliipendlous providence which
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stthcrs. Together with the Judgrrerit of many ancient
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the myfiical Numbers in Daniel and iJeye!ations,coH-
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® nrnhabiliaa^
Books Printed /br, &c.
.^robibility of their being now upon their /tifing!
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ga.OAcramental Medications upon divers feleft
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gg. TACOB wreftling with GOD, and p.'evailing
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1
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